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Western Indology on Rasa: A Purvapaksha
Rasa: Natyashastra to Bollywood2018 •
Rasa, meaning gist, is the essence that one feels when experience an art piece, be it performance or static art. Rasa, in Indian context, applied to both the performer and the audience is considered an alaukika (other worldly) experience. An integral part of aesthetics both Indian and Greek (although European performing arts moved away from the original concept of Greek aesthetics) is improvisation on the rules that are suggested for a clear structure, which by definition is fluid and allows room for ‘newness. Using Bharat Gupt’s study of the poetics and Natyashastra, this paper will focus on similarities in both Indian and Greek aesthetics, also highlighting when and why contemporary notion of aesthetics in European theatre moved away from the Greek, which was more similar to the Indian sensibility. There will also be a focus on the concept of hieropraxis (art as worship, pleasing both people and Gods), which was common, both to Indian and Greek art forms. Finally, the paper will illustrate through examples of Bollywood and interviews with BharatNatyam teachers (in Sweden) how improvisation, and newness is brought into various aspects of performance arts, thereby challenging Sheldon Pollock’s reading of the Natyashastra, as being rigid and frozen in time and devoid of bringing novelty, making them irrelevant to our times.
Of all the performing and plastic arts in India, the study of aesthetics has its origin in the most pragmatic aspect of one of life’s major emotional needs - entertainment. The most ancient text, Natyashastra (NS) which has codified the principles of arts mainly concerned with the theatrical production, natya, is ascribed to the legendary sage Bharata. Natya, a drama, has a three-fold quality – drshya, shravya and kavya; as a result, it appeals to the visual and auditory senses and also to the mind. The spectator relishes the spectacle in a manner comparable to juice or flavor called rasa and this aesthetic experience is termed rasasvada. . The aesthetic understanding and attitude to art evolved against the background of the political, socio-cultural, religious and philosophical milieu for almost 1500 years between Bharata and Hemachandra has concretized the Rasa theory.
This contains the first three chapters of my dissertation for the degree of PhD at the University of Chicago (1990). That dissertation was written with WordPerfect and I have been gradually converting that to the system I now use for Indic works (XeTeX). I will eventually publish the rest of the chapters and some side papers that the dissertation generated.
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MA Thesis, Indiana University-Bloomington
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