38 (1): (2014) 167-184 Original Scientiic Paper Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina Biljana Lubarda1, Vladimir Stupar2, Đorđije Milanović2 and Vladimir Stevanović3✳ 1 Faculty of Science, University of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Serbia ABstrACt: 298 endemic taxa at the species and subspecies rank have been found in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Each taxon has been classiied into its corresponding chorological group, subgroup and loristic element. he basic chorological structure of endemic Balkan lora in B&H is composed of ive main groups: South-European Mountainous (SEM) with 112 taxa, 38% of the total endemic Balkan lora in B&H; Mediterranean - Submediterranean (MED-SUBMED), 77 taxa (26%); Central-European Mountainous (CEM) with 69 taxa (23%); Central-European (CE) with 34 taxa (11%); and Pontic (PONT) with six taxa (2%). Within SEM and CEM groups, the most abundant were Dinaric and Dinaric-Balkan elements, in the MED-SUBMED group it was Adriatic Submediterranean, while in the CE group there were Illyrian and Illyrian-Balkan loristic elements. he distribution of each taxon in B&H was mapped in the network of MGRS squares, with a precision level of 10 km. he richness of Balkan endemic lora in B&H was presented as the number of taxa, at the species and subspecies ranks in each MGRS square 10 x10 km. In the same way, the distribution of endemic taxa of each basic chorological groups was represented. It has been conirmed that high mountains of northern Herzegovina (Prenj, Čvrsnica, Čabulja) are richest in endemics (125 taxa), followed by mountains Bjelašnica, Treskavica, Ivan, together with the canyon of the Rakitnica river (109 taxa), and mountains at the border with Montenegro, Maglić and Volujak with the Sutjeska river canyon (99 taxa). he richest endemic lora was recorded on the following particular mountains: Prenj (99), Čvrsnica (78), Orjen (74), Velež (70), Treskavica (63), Maglić (58), Dinara (52), etc. Key words: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Balkan endemic lora, chorological structure of lora, distribution of loristic elements. Received: 12 November 2013 Revision accepted 18 February 2014 UDK 581.9:497.15 INtrODUCtION he Balkan peninsula is known for its great loristic richness and signiicant percentage of endemics. According to contemporary assessments, vascular lora of the Balkans comprise almost 8000 taxa, which is c. 1300 taxa more compared with Turrill’s data from 1929 (Turrill correspondence: : vstev@bio.bg.ac.rs ✳ 1929; Stevanović 2005). he Balkan endemic lora is nowadays estimated to be between 2600 and 2700 taxa, at the species and subspecies ranks, which is about 1000 taxa more compared with Turrill’s estimate (Stevanović et al. 2007). Preliminary research on the distribution of endemic lora of the Peninsula, obtained by mapping 2250 taxa, showed that the number of taxa increases going from © 2014 Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden Jevremovac, Belgrade 168 vol. 38 (1) northern parts of the Peninsula towards the south, where a signiicant number of endemics was recorded on almost all high mountains of the western and central part of the Peninsula (Durmitor, Prokletije, Šar-planina, Rila, Pirin), slightly increasing towards the high mountains of Greece (Olymbos, Pindhos), reaching the highest number on mountains of Sterea Ellas (Parnassos and Giona). A high percentage of endemism has also been registered on the high mountains of Peloponnesus, especially on Taygetos, as well as on the mountains LevkaOri and Psiloritis on Crete. he lora of the western part of the Peninsula, more precisely, Dinaric Alps and Adriatic Mediterranean and Submediterranean, is also characterized by a signiicant percentage of endemics – with the striking presence of paleo-endemic monotypic genera (Degenia, Petteria, Pancicia-Pimpinellaserbica), genera Heliosperma and Edraianthus, with the highest number of species in the western part of the Peninsula, followed by some sections of the genera Campanula (sect. Isophylla), Asperula (sect. Typhlisia), Hieracium (sect. Pannosa) and aggregates of some other species. Balkan endemics, in the western part of the Peninsula, have primarily been found in high limestone mountains of the Dinaric Alps and its gorges and canyons, as well as on a number of Dalmatian islands and coastal regions. However, the largest part of the lora comprises non-endemic species of wider CentralEuropean Mountain, South-European Mountain, Boreal, Central-European and Mediterranean distributions. his highly-mixed chorological composition of lora is characteristic not only for western, but also for central parts of the Peninsula, in Serbia, Macedonia, northern Albania, northern Greece and western Bulgaria. he territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina occupies the central position in the western part of the Balkan peninsula. In the north, it is a lowland territory, spreading along alluvial plains of the Sava river and its tributaries. From alluvial plains on the north, the relief changes by gradual rising of the Dinaric Mts range towards the south, which spreads along the northwest – southeast direction. he highest mountains of the central Dinaric Alps are divided into two, almost parallel chains: the inner Dinarides (Plješevica-Grmeč-Klekovača-Cincar-Plazenica-VlašićVranica-Bjelašnica-Treskavica-Zelengora-Maglić) and Mediterranean (coastal) Dinarides (Dinara-Tušnica-VranČvrsnica-Prenj-Velež-Bjelasnica-Viduša-Orjen). hese two chains are separated, in the west, by larger karst ields (Grahovsko, Livanjsko, Duvanjsko, Kupreško, Vukovsko), while further to the east they are separated by valleys of the Rama river and upper low of the Neretva river. he high-mountain areas of the inner Dinarides are characterized by a modiied humid mountain climate of the type Alpine X1 (Walter & Lieth 1964). hese are more heterogeneous in geologic composition, but limestone and dolomites are predominant, while the highest silicate mountain, Vranica (2112 m), is situated in the central part of the chain. Northern slopes of the inner Dinarides are rich in water sources, generating large rivers of the Danube basin (Una, Vrbas, Bosna and Drina rivers) that low mainly in a south-north direction, occasionally forming deep canyons and gorges. he altitude of this chain rises from the northwest towards the southeast, and at the border with Montenegro it reaches the highest point in B&H, on the mountain Maglić (2386 m). he high mountain chain of the inner Dinaric Alps enables Mediterranean warmer air masses to spread deeper into continental parts of the territory. he coastal line of the Dinarides is characterized by a per-humid mountain climate under the Mediterranean inluence of type X2 (Walter & Lieth 1964). he substrates are Triassic and Jurassic limestones and dolomites, and these mountains are mainly waterless. A poor hydrographic network is composed mainly of underground streams that belong to the Cetina river basin in the west and Trebišnjica river basin in the East, while the Neretva river interrupts this mountain chain in its central, highest part (Čvrsnica Mt. 2228 m), building an imposing canyon. he Mediterranean inluence is strongly restricted in the valleys of these rivers, but reaches deeper inland, up to the border of the inner Dinarides. he Pannonian, mainly plain or slightly hilly or/ and montane of northern Bosnia is characterized by a moderate-continental climate, with a conspicuous gradient of precipitation, decreasing along the line westeast. It is characterized by a transitional central European moderate-humid climate of hills and plains (VI 2b type). he state territory of B&H has only a small fragment of the Adriatic Sea coast with a length of 24 km. MAterIAl AND MetHODs An inventory of B&H endemic lora was made based on extensive herbarium and literature data regarding plant taxonomy and loristic botany (Kummer & Sendtner 1849; Pantocsek 1873-1874; Hofmann 1882; Conrath 1887-88; Freyn & Brandis 1888; Vandas 1888-89; Formanek 1888-1890; Fiala 1889-1899; Brandis 1890/91; Murbeck 1891; Boller 1892; Maly 18931952; Maly & Zahn 1925-1929; Maly & Bjelčić 1949; Beck 1903-1927; Beck & Maly 1950; Beck et al. 19671983; Handel-Mazzetti et al. 1905-06; Janchen 1906; Janchen & Watzl 1908; Sagorski 1914; Korica 19501966; Bajić et al. 1952; Ritter-Studnička 1952-1963; Bjelčić 1956-1964/65; Slavnić & Bjelčić 1963; Bjelčić & Milanović 1968; Bjelčić et al. 1969; Bjelčić & Šilić 1971; Šilić 1972-1979; Lakušić 1973; Lakušić et al. 1979; B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina 169 Fig. 1. MGRS network with squares of 10x10 km and numerated squares 100x100 km in B&H. In the upper right corner, the position of BiH (shaded) in the Balkans. Prominent mountains, main rivers and larger settlements are presented. Šilić & Abadžić 1986-1991; Lakušić & Redžić 1989; Redžić et al. 1984-1992/95; Šoljan 2001; Stevanović & Lakušić 2006; Niketić 2007; Bucalo et al. 2008; Milanović et al. 2009, 2011; Brujić et al. 2011; Stupar et al. 2009, 2011), phytocoenology, morphology and cytotaxonomy studies (280 references), and comprehensive investigations of lora by the authors in the period 20072012 on numerous localities in B&H. In some cases, there was a dilemma regarding the correctness of taxonomical and chorological data from literature sources. Such data were marked as doubtful or erroneous and were not included in the analysis. A total of 298 Balkans endemic taxa were determined at the species and subspecies rank, which is estimated to be a relatively moderate 8% of the total lora in B&H. he collected data on distribution and ecological characteristics of the Balkan endemics on the territory of B&H were incorporated in a database (6909 records) of MS Excel 2003, containing the following information: 1. Taxonomic-nomenclature data contains the accepted name of the taxon and sub-nomen of the taxon (original title in bibliographic source or herbarium); 2. Chorological data: sub-nomen of the locality (original citation on the location from the bibliographic source or herbarium), region, locality 1 (wider location), locality 2 (more precise location), locality 3 (sub-locality), MGRS mark or marks if the locality encompassed several MGRS squares; 3. Ecological data: habitat (plant community) in which the taxon was found; bedrock, altitude, exposition, terrain gradient, degree of presence in a certain plant community; 4. Bibliographic data: a complete list of authors, publication year and a complete title of the reference with chorological data; 5. Data from herbarium labels: the name of the collector (legator), date of collection, collection and/ or inventory number of the sample, the collection in which the material was deposited, name of the author who identiied the taxon. Taxonomic statuses of endemic taxa were given according to contemporary bibliographic sources (Greuter et al. 1984-1989; Jalas & Suominen 19721994; Jalas et al. 1996, 1999; Kurto et al. 2004, 2007; Strid & Tan 1997-2002; Tutin et al. 1964-1980; Tutin et al. 1993), as well as electronic databases (http://ww2. bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/; http://bgbm3.bgbm.fu-berlin. de/iopi/gpc/default.asp; http://www.ipni.org/). he distribution of each endemic taxon of the species and subspecies rank on the territory of B&H was mapped onto the MGRS (Military Grid Reference System) network of 10x10 km squares, according to the method vol. 38 (1) 170 Fig. 2. Spectrum of basic chorologic groups corresponding to loristic regions to which endemic taxa of the Balkans in B&H belong. SEM – South European mountain; CEM – Central European mountain; CE – Central European; MED-SUBMED – Mediterranean-sub Mediterranean; PONT- Pontic. described in Kurtto et al. (2004) (Figure 1). Individual distribution maps of each endemic taxa were used for mapping the summary distribution of endemic taxa of basic chorological groups, to which an individual taxon belongs. Maps were made using the sotware package ESRI ArcGIS 9.3. Arc GIS 9.3. Depending on the geography of ranges and phylogenetic relations, for each Balkan endemic taxon, belonging to the certain loristic element, chorological subgroup, and inally, chorological group was determined. In that way, endemic taxa were not only deined based on geography of the ranges (loristic elements), but their wider belonging to the appropriate basic phychoria [phytochoria?], i.e. chorological groups (CEM, SEM, CE, MED-SUBMED and PONT). Names of chorological subgroups and groups mainly corresponded to phytochoria at the loristic region, sub-region and province ranks as given for the Balkan peninsula by Glavač (in Horvat et al. 1974). A list of species assigned to the appropriate chorological group, subgroup and loristic element, was given in the Annex of this paper (see the annexes on line http://botanicaserbica. bio.bg.ac.rs/) resUlts he chorological spectrum of Balkan endemic lora in B&H, encompassed 298 endemic taxa at the species and subspecies ranks. he most dominant was the SouthEuropean Mountain chorological group (SEM) with 112 taxa or 37.7% of the total Balkan endemic lora. Mediterranean-Submediterranean group (MED-SMED) and Central-European Mountain group (CEM) were represented with signiicantly smaller numbers of taxa – 77 taxa or 25, 7% and 69 taxa or 23, 2%, respectively. he Central European chorological group (CE) included 34 taxa, or 11.4%, while the Pontic group (PONT) was represented by only six taxa, or 2% of the total chorological spectrum (Figure 2). south-european Mountainous group (seM) – 112 taxa, 38% of the total endemic Balkan lora in B&H. his includes endemic orophytes whose closest relatives are distributed on mountains of South Europe. heir ranges enclose the limestone coastal and partly central Dinarides, mountains of the Scardo-Pindhic system, from Šar-planina to south Pindhos, rarely to Peloponnese, and mountains of south-west Bulgaria. his group of orophytesis was divided into two subgroups: Dinaric and Dinaric-Balkan Mountain, with 67 taxa (60%), and 45 taxa (40%) participating, respectively (Figure 3). Among the Dinaric endemic taxa, the most abundant were those of central-eastern Dinaric distribution, having ranges spreading from the mountains of C. B&H to E. & S.E. Dinaric Alps of Montenegro, N. Albania and W. & S.W. Serbia (19 taxa, 28%), such as e.g. Veronica saturejoides, Edraianthus serpyllifolius, Campanula hercegovina, Hieracium stirovacense subsp. miriciissimum, H. plumulosum, Scilla lakusicii, hesium auriculatum etc., followed by east Dinaric elements with 17 taxa, 21% (Edraianthus montenegrinus, Senecio thapsoides subsp. visianianus, Avenula blavii, Centaurea incompta, Hieracium calophyllum, etc.) and western to eastern Dinaric endemics distributed from Velebit to Prokletije with 14 taxa, 14% (Cerastium grandilorum, Arenaria gracilis, Lonicera glutinosa, Leucanthemum chloroticum, Aubrieta columnae subsp. croatica, Edraianthus caricinus, Fritillaria gracilis subsp. gracilis etc.). Central Dinaric elements (11 taxa, 16%) encompassed species distributed on mountains of C. Bosnia (Vlašić, Vranica, Treskavica, Bjelašnica) and Herzegovina (Čvrsnica, Čabulja, Prenj, Velež), and West Dinaric and western-central Dinaric elements were represented with only 3 species (5%) each (Campanula waldsteiniana, Heliosperma pussila subsp. malyi, Sesleria albicans subsp. angustifolia, for the former, and Sibiraea croatica, Edraianthus croaticus and Viola chelmea subsp. vratnikensis for the latter). A certain number of strict endemics should be added to this group. hese were limited to particular mountains such as Dianthus freynii on Prenj, Edraianthus niveus on Vranica, E. sutjeskae on Maglić, Iris orjenii on Orjen, etc. he Dinaric-Balkan subgroup included endemic taxa whose ranges enclose, besides Dinarides and ScardoPindhic mountains (22 taxa or 49%), Scardo-Pindhic and Moesian mountains (21 taxa or 47%), while disjunctive Dinaric-Moesian elements were very rare and represented with only two taxa (4%). More detailed division of each of these groups within the Dinaric-Balkan orophytes is given B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina 171 Fig. 3. Percentage of endemic Balkan taxa of the SEM chorological group and corresponding subgroups and loristic elements in BiH. Abbreviations: Dinar - Dinaric; Balk - Balkan mountain; Scard-Pind - Scardo-Pindhic mountains; Moes - Moesian mountains: N - North; S - South; W - West; C - Central; E - East; based on the width of the areal and is shown in the Annex of the paper. hose are endemics with the largest ranges among Balkan orophytes. Many of these species belong to the group of paleoendemic such as Minuartia clandestina, Amphoricarpos autariatus, Pimpinella serbica, Asyneuma pichleri, Achillea ageratifolia subsp. serbica, Aurinia corymbosa, Cephalaria pastricensis, Euphorbia capitulata, Anthyllis aurea, Potentilla speciosa subsp. illyrica, etc. On a summary map of distribution and number of endemic taxa of the SEM group, the following mountains were distinguished by their loristic richness, in the descending order Prenj (43), Čvrsnica (38), Orjen (38), Velež (35), Treskavica and Bjelašnica (30), Maglić and Zelengora (26), Čabulja (21) (Figure 4). hese are mostly high mountains of the coastal Dinarides which are under strong Mediterranean inluences. Endemic taxa from this group also occurred less on the mountains of west and central Bosnia. hus, on the mountains Dinara Mt. (13 taxa), Vlašić (12), Vranica (10), Klekovača and Šator (8), Osječenica (7), Vitorog (4) etc. have been recorded. hanks to the relatively low limestone and serpentine mountains of east Bosnia, the number of endemic taxa of this chorological group was comparatively high, as was also the case with the Višegrad area, where 22 taxa have been found. Central european Mountainous chorological group (CeM) comprised endemic taxa whose closest relatives have been found distributed on mountains of central Europe, primarily in the Alps, and to a lesser degree on the Carpathians. his areal group, in comparison with the previous group (SEM), was represented by around only half the numbers of endemic lora of B&H, enclosing 69 taxa (23%) of the total endemic lora. It has been divided into two subgroups: Dinaric, with 32 taxa (46%) and Dinaric-Balkan, with 37 taxa (54% of the total endemic lora of the CEM group) (Figure 5). he most abundant within the Dinaric subgroup were central-eastern Dinaric orophytes with 11 taxa, 34% of this subgroup (Aquilegia dinarica, Asperula wettsteinii, Astragalus ialae, Pedicularis heterodonta, Saxifraga prenja and others), followed by the central Dinaric with eight taxa, 25% (Knautia travnicensis, Rhinanthus dinaricus, Centaurea murbeckii, Alchemilla vranicensis and others) and west to east Dinaric endemic orophytes with seven taxa, 22 % (Arabis scopoliana, Cerastium dinaricum, Tephroseris crassifolia and others). hese were followed by east Dinaric orophytes with ive taxa, 16% (Aquilegia grata subsp. grata, Picea omorika, Knautia pancicii and others), while west to central Dinaric orophytes were represented with only one species, 3% (Primula kitaibeliana) (Figure 5). 172 vol. 38 (1) Fig. 4. Distribution and number of endemic taxa per square 10x10 km from the South European mountainous group (SEM) in B&H. Fig. 5. Percentage of endemic Balkans taxa from the CEM chorological group and appropriate subgroups and loristic elements in BiH. Abbreviations as in Fig. 3. B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina 173 Fig. 6. Distribution and number of endemic taxa per square 10x10 km from the Central European mountainous group (CEM) in B&H. he Dinaric-Balkan subgroup of endemic orophytes of the Central-European Mountainous group includes taxa that are widely distributed on mountains of the Peninsula, from the Dinaric Alps through the Scardo-Pindhic mountains of Macedonia, Albania and Greece, and Moesian mountains of Bulgaria, E. Serbia and E. Macedonia. he most abundant were Dinaric-Scardo-Pindhic-Moesian mountain loristic elements with 21 taxa, 57% of this chorological subgroup (Alyssum scardicum, Pedicularis grisebachii, P. hoermanniana, Potentilla montengrina and others), followed by Dinaric-Scardo-Pindhic endemic orophytes with 12 taxa, 32% (Oxytropis prenja, O. dinarica subsp. dinarica, Vicia montenegrina, Plantago reniformis, and others), while the disjunct Dinaric-Moesian orophytes had four taxa, 11% (e.g. Geum bulgaricum). he greatest species number of taxa of the CEM group was mainly found on the mountain massive of Prenj (29) and the central Dinaric Alps: Bjelašnica (28), Jahorina (27), Maglić (26), Vranica (25), Treskavica (25), Zelengora (21), Vlašić (20), etc. (Figure 6). Signiicantly fewer taxa have been recorded on the coastal Dinarides of Herzegovina, such as Velež (15), Orjen (14), Čabulja (9), etc. Within the Mediterranean - submediterranean chorological group (MeD-sMeD) three subgroups have been deined, depending on whether and to what extent their ranges exceeded the borders of the MED-SMED region, that is, how much they spread within the Balkans 1. Mediterannean-Submediterranean-Subcontinental subgroup (Med-submed-subcont) that enclosed endemic taxa that are spreading, apart from the Mediterranean basin, also around continental parts of the Peninsula; 2. Submediteranean (Balk-submed) that included taxa limited to Submediterranean parts of the Peninsula, i.e. its immediate Mediterranean hinterland; 3. Subcontinental (subcont) subgroup that included ancient Mediterranean species that are distributed in continental parts of the Peninsula on thermophilous limestone or serpentine habitats. he largest number of taxa, 42 (55% of MED-SUBMED group) belonged to the Balkan Submediterranean endemic taxa (Balk-submed). his subgroup comprised almost exclusively endemic Adriatic Submediterranean elements (40 taxa, 95% of this subgroup) characterized by varying size of ranges spreading along the Adriatic Submediterranean loristic subregion (Acinos orontius, Alyssum moellendorianum, Heliosperma retzdoriana, H. tommasinii, Knautia clementii, Arum petteri, Crepis pantocsekii, Dianthus ciliatus subsp. dalmaticus, Hyacinthella dalmatica, Edraianthus tenuifolius, Dianthus 174 vol. 38 (1) Fig. 7. Percentage of endemic Balkan taxa of subgroups of Mediteranean-submediteranean chrological group in BiH. Abbrevations: Adriat - Adriatic; Ion - Ionian; Aeg - Aegean; Mac-hrac - Macedonian-hracian; Balk - Balkan; Sc-Pind - Scardo-Pindhic; Moes - Moesian, Illyr Illyrian; N - North; S - South; W - West; C - Central; E - East knappii, Seseli tomentosum, S. globiferum, Succisella petteri, Silene reichenbachii, Salvia brachyodon, hymus bracteosus, Vicia ochroleuca subsp. dinara, etc.), while Adriatic-Ionian (Petteri aramentacea) and Adriatic-Macedonian-hracian elements (Rhamnus orbiculata) were represented with only one taxon. he mediterranean-submediterranean-subcontinental subgroup (Med-submed-subcont) took second place. It was represented with 20 taxa (26%) of endemic species of widest distribution. heir ranges enclosed the MEDSUBMED region of the Balkans, but were more-less widely distributed within the Peninsula as well: Trifolium dalmaticum, T. pignantii, Chaerophyllum coloratum, Bupleurum karglii, Allium guttatum subsp. dalmaticum and others. here follows the subcontinental subgroup (subcont) with 15 taxa (19%), including ancient Mediterranean species that inhabit thermophilous serpentine and limestone habitats. Such species were either phylogenetically isolated, or their relatives were widespread on the Mediterranean basin and hinterland. Such species on serpentine habitats were Halacsya sendtneri, Gypsophila spergulifolia, Fumana bonapartei, Haplophyllum boisserianum, Potentilla visianii, Viola beckiana, Scrophularia tristis, Euphorbia glabrilora and others, and on limestone Onosma stellulata, Symphyandra hofmannii, Salvia sonklari, Eryngium palmatum and others. B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina 175 Fig. 8. Distribution and number of endemic taxa per square 10x10 km from the Mediteranean-submediteranean group (MED-SUBMED) in B&H. A summary map of the distribution and number of endemic taxa of the Mediterranean-Submediterranean chorological group (Figure 8) shows that the largest number of taxa of this group were situated in hilly regions and canyons of limestone mountains of Herzegovina, such as Dinara (24), Orjen (21), Prenj (15), Velež (14), Čvrsnica (13), Čabulja (11), etc., as well as the surrounding karst ields under Mediterranean inluences. Note that endemics from the Mediterranean-Submediterranean group have also oten been found on serpentine terrains in E. Bosnia, e.g. in the vicinity of Višegrad (17) and Rudo (10), and to a lesser degree on serpentines of C. Bosnia, around Zavidovići (6). he Central-european chorological group (Ce) encloses endemic taxa that have been limited to woody and meadow habitats to the mountain zone in the inner Peninsula, whose closest relatives have a central European distribution. he group is divided into two subgroups: Illyrian with 25 taxa, 74% of this chorological group, and Illyrian-Balkan with 9, 26% (Figure 9). Of Illyrian endemic taxa, most represented were those whose ranges cover complete central parts of the Illyrian subregion (9 or 36%), followed by central-eastern Illyrian (11 or 44%), and eastern Illyrian (4 or 16%), while western to eastern Illyrian endemics were represented with a single taxon (4%). Illyrian-Balkan elements of the CE group were represented by widely distributed taxa whose ranges enclosed central to southeast Illyrian, Scardo-Pindhic and Moesian subregions and corresponding provinces with 6 taxa, 67% of the Illyrian-Balkan subgroup. Centralsoutheast Illyrian – Balkan (Scardo-Pindhic) elements of the Balkans endemic lora in B&H have been found in a somewhat smaller number (3 taxa, 33%) (Figure 9). On the distribution map of endemic taxa of the CE group (Figure 10), the largest number of species was recorded on mountains in the vicinity of Sarajevo (Trebević, Jahorina, Romanija, including the canyon of the Miljacka river – 16 taxa), Prenj (10) and Bjelašnica (7). Also, ten endemic CE taxa occurred in E. Bosnia, in the vicinity of Višegrad and Prača. Of the total of 34 endemic taxa of the CE group, 16 taxa belong to the hybrid species of the genus Hieracium from aggregates of H. murorum and H. biidum, while 14 endemic subspecies of these species have been recorded only on Trebević Mt and around Sarajevo. A moderate number of taxa from this group was found on almost all mountains of the inner Dinarides in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while a signiicantly smallest number of CE endemics was present in parts of the territory that are under strong Mediterranean inluences. he Pontic chorological group (PONt) was represented by only six endemic taxa that are phylogenetically and taxonomically related to their Pontic or Pontic-Mediteranean relatives. heir distribution was found to be limited on the one hand by thermophilous 176 vol. 38 (1) Fig. 9. Percentage of endemic Balkan taxa from the Central European (CE) subgroup of chorological group in BiH. Abbrevations as in Fig. 3. Fig. 10. Distribution and number of endemic taxa per square 10x10 km from the Central European group (CE) in B&H. B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina 177 Fig. 11. Percentage of endemic Balkan taxa from the subgroup of Pontic chorological group (PONT) in BiH (let) and distribution and number of endemic taxa per square 10x10 km from this group in B&H (right). rocky serpentine habitats of N. & E. Bosnia (Chamaecytisus maezeius, Polygonum albanicum) and/or open limestone steppe-like rocky habitats of Herzegovina (Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp. fallax, Pulsatilla velezensis, Ranunculus psilostachys, Peucedanum neumayeri) (Figure 11). An equal number of three taxa was characterized by an Illyrian and Illyrian-Balkan endemic distribution. he summary distribution of all endemic Balkan lora on B&H territory presented through the number of endemic species in each of MGRS squares 10x10 km (Figure 12) clearly shows that high limestone mountains in B&H are the most signiicant centers of endemism in this part of the W. Balkans. Several mountains and spatially close mountain groups i.e. Maglić and Volujak with the canyon of the Sutjeska river (99 taxa), Prenj (99 taxa), Čvrsnica (78), Velež (70), Orjen and Bijela Gora (76), Bjelašnica and Treskavica (109), Vranica (47), Jahorina, Trebević, Romanija (76), Zelengora (50), Dinara (52), Vlašić (38) etc. were distinguished by their loristic richness. his is caused by the mixed chorological structure of lora, with numerous endemics from SEM and CEM taxa in high mountain regions, Mediterranean – Submediterranean elements in the surrounding limestone canyons, gorges or open rocky habitats, as well as taxa from the CE group in mountain forest areas of those mountains. In that respect, the mountain of Prenj in Herzegovina is characterised Fig. 12. Number of endemic taxa of all chorological groups in B&H mapped on MGRS squares 10x10 km. 178 vol. 38 (1) by a mixed chorological composition of lora, with high percentages of endemics of all chorological groups, except Pontic. Such mixed composition of lora is largely a consequence of the complex genesis of lora during the Neogene. DIsCUssION AND CONClUsIONs Based on data gathered from the vast quantity of taxonomical and phytocoenological literature, ield research and reviews of Herbarium collections, 298 Balkan endemic taxa were found to occur at the species and subspecies ranks in B&H. he largest number of endemics belonged to the South-European Mountainous chorological group (SEM) with 112 taxa, 38% of the endemic Balkan lora in B&H, followed by the Mediterranean–Subediterranean group (MED-SUBMED) with 77 taxa (26%), Central-European Mountainous group (CEM) with 69 taxa (23%), CentralEuropean (CE) with 34 taxa (11%) and Pontic (PONT) with six taxa (2%). he SEM chorological group was composed of Dinaric and Dinaric-Balkan elements that participated with 22.5% and 15.1%, respectively, of the total chorological spectrum of endemic lora in B&H. hese are taxa phylogenetically connected with the closest vicarious relatives on mountains of S. Europe (S. Alps, Apennines, mountains of Greece, Asia Minor, even the Iberian Peninsula). hese are oten isolated paleo-endemic species that give a particular ‘signature’ to the lora of the Dinaric Alps. Such species are Amphoricarpos neumayeri, A. autariatus, Sibiraea croatica, Veronica saturejoides, Moltkia petraea, Arenaria gracilis, Euphorbia capitulata, Daphne malyana, Edraianthus serpyllifolius, Campanula waldsteiniana, Micromeria croatica, Anthyllis aurea, Pimpinella serbica, Cephalaria pastricensis, etc. he CEM group also included Dinaric and DinaricBalkan elements that participated with almost equal shares of 10.7% and 12.4%, respectively, in the overall chorological spectrum of endemic Balkan lora of B&H. hose taxa are vicarious with relatives on mountains of C. Europe, primarily the Alps and Carpathians. Such species are Primula kitaibeliana, Oxytropis dinarica subsp. dinarica, O. prenja, Astragalus ialae, Arabis scopoliana, Asperula wettsteinii, Cerastium dinaricum, Minuartia handelii, Lonicera formanekiana subsp. hectoderma, Lilium albanicum, Saxifraga prenja, Petasites doerleri, Knautia travnicensis, etc. Within the MED-SUBMED group, the largest subgroup was Balkan-Submediteranean (Balk-submed) with 42 taxa, 15% of endemic Balkan lora in B&H. Among the endemic taxa from this group, a signiicant number is paleoendemics such as Silene reichenbachii, Heliosperma retzdoriana, H. tommasinii, Dianthus nikolae, Salvia brachyodon, Micromeria kerneri, Petteria ramentacea, Seseli globiferum, etc. In second place came endemics of the Mediterranean – Submediterranean – subcontinental subgroup with 20 taxa, 6.7% of the total spectrum. hese were the species either with the widest dispersion, which in addition to the Balkan Mediterranean coastal area and hinterland, were distributed also on thermophilous habitats of the inland of the Peninsula (Trifolium dalmaticum, T. pignantii, Sideritis purpurea, Chaerophyllum coloratum, Cephalaria lava subsp. lava etc.) or were distributed in the Adriatic basin, reaching to the inside of the western part of the Peninsula (Moltkia petraea, Teucrium ardunii, Stachys serbica, Helleborus multiidus subsp. multiidus, Asperula scutellaris, etc.). he Subcontinental subgroup comprised 15 taxa, 5% of the overall spectrum. Some species from this group may be considered ancient Mediterranean elements that are exclusively distributed on thermophilous limestone or serpentine habitats in the inner part of the Peninsula. Such species on serpentines were, e.g. Potentilla visianii, Fumana bonapartei, Gypsophila spergulifolia, Haplophyllum boisserianum, Viola beckiana, etc., and on limestone Symphyandra hofmannii, Eryngium palmatum, Onosma stelullata, Asperula scutellaris, Helleborus multiidus subsp. multiidus, Teucrium arduinii, etc. he Central-European group (CE) was represented by Illyrian and Illyrian-Balkan elements that participated with 25 taxa (8.4%) and nine taxa (3%), respectively, in the overall chorological spectrum of endemic lora in B&H. hose species were characterized by phylogenetical relations with central European lora elements. Most of the endemic taxa from this group are of hybrid origin within the complex Hieracium murorum and H. biidum. he number of endemic taxa from the PONT group was very small, which were mainly related to species that inhabit warm, steppe-like habitats on limestone or serpentine. Such species are Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp. fallax, Pulsatilla velezensis, Peucedanum neumayeri, Chamaecytisus maezius, Ranunculus psilostachys and Polygonum albanicum. he analysis of geographical distribution, diversity and number of endemic taxa indicate the centers of Balkan endemic lora in B&H. Analyzing geographic distribution of diversity and number of endemic taxa, we determined the centers of endemic lora in BiH.hese are, irst and foremost, mountain areas of the Prenj sector, Prenj, Čvrsnica, Čabulja (125 taxa), mountains south of Sarajevo between the Neretva and Bosna rivers, such as Bjelašnica, Treskavica, Igman, Ivan, Rakitnica (109 taxa), mountains of the Durmitor sector, Maglić, Sutjeska, Volujak, Vučevo (99 taxa), and the mountains Trebević and Jahorina (76 taxa), Orjenand Bijelagora (76), Velež (70), which could B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina 179 be considered as the most signiicant centers of diversity Balkans endemic lora on the territory of B&H. Besides these mountains, Dinara (52 taxa), Zelengora (50), Vranica (47 taxa) and Vlašić (38 taxa) are also mountains with high diversity of endemic lora in B&H. Only around half the number of endemic taxa were recorded on the mountains of W. Bosnia, such as Klekovača (25 taxa), Vitorog (21), Osječenica (17) and Grmeč (7). Particularly interesting areas in B&H were around Višegrad (64) and Rudo (21) in eastern Bosnia and surroundings of Zavidovići in central Bosnia (24), mostly due to rich endemic serpentine lora. We assume that such diferences in the number of endemic species between particular mountains and mountain groups were derived from unevenness of their loristic exploration. he signiicant number of MGRS squares without any recorded endemic taxa undoubtedly supports this. his is more likely an indicator of their insuicient exploration, rather than the absence of any endemic species in these quadrants. he only exception was the northern plains of Bosnia, where endemic taxa were really missing. Bearing in mind orophytic Balkan endemic lora in B&H as a whole, the ratio of the number of taxa between SEM and CEM groups is particularly important. Taxa from both groups were present on almost all high mountains in B&H, but in diferent numbers. he domination of SEM in relation to CEM representatives has been determined on many mountains, particularly in Herzegovina and the Maritime Dinarides. hus, on Čvrsnica Mt. that ratio was 38 (SEM) vs 22 (CEM); Čabulja (21 vs 9), Prenj (43 vs 29) Orjen (36 vs 14), Velež (35 vs 15). Going towards the inner Dinarides, that ratio gradually changed, so on Treskavica it was 30 (SEM) vs 25(CEM), Bjelašnica (30 vs 28), Volujak (13 vs 9) and was equal on Maglić (26 vs 26). his ratio changed in favor of CEM species in the inner chain and western Dinarides in B&H, so on Klekovača the ratio was 14 (CEM) vs 8 (SEM), Vranica (25 vs 10), Vlašić (20 vs 12), Jahorina (27 vs 20), Romanija (15 vs 6), Vitorog (11 vs 4), etc. he relation of SEM and CEM endemic species is an important indicator in the border of phytochoria of the subregion rank in the western part of the Peninsula, more precisely Alpine-High Nordic and south European mountain subregions. his analysis once again showed that the Dinaric mountains are characterized by a mixed composition of orophytic lora and a wide zone where CEM and SEM subregions overlap. Indeed, only an outside line of limestone Dinaric Alps under strong Mediterranean inluences would belong to the SEM subregion, while the inner line and western parts of the Dinaric Mts. would be included in the CEM subregion. his kind of demarcation of SEM and CEM subregions in the western part of the Peninsula is in line with previous analyses that included endemic and non-endemic orophytic elements on the whole Balkan peninsula (Stevanović 1996). Also, demarcation of the Central European region (CE), i.e. Illyric subregion from the Mediterranean – Submediterranean region (MED-SUBMED) (Adriatic province), based on the distribution of endemic Balkan lora is far more precise and in general corresponds to earlier established borders between these two phytochoria, given by Horvatet al. (1974). It is important to point out that a large number of endemic Balkans taxa is represented on the territory of B&H, which make a signiicant and speciic part of the total vascular lora of the Dinaric Alps. he large number of steno-, local- and regional-endemics of diferent age and origin in all chorological groups, conirm the fact that the Dinaric mountains are an important center of lorogenesis in S.E. Europe. 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Flora Europaea 1: Psilotaceae – Platanaceae. Cambridge University Press. Vandas K. 1888-89. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Flora von Süd-Hercegovina. Österreische Botanische Zeitschrit 38(10): 329-337; 38(11): 366-372; 38(12): 412-414; 39(1): 14-18; 39(2): 50-53; 39(5): 178-181; 39(6): 219-222; 39(7): 266-269; 39(8): 295-297. Walter H & Lieth H. 1964. Klimadiagramm-Weltatlas 2. Liefrung. Jena. vol. 38 (1) 184 rezIMe Horološka karakterizacija i distribucija balkanske endemične lore u Bosni i Hercegovini Biljana Lubarda, Vladimir Stupar, Đorđije Milanović, Vladimir Stevanović N a teritoriji Bosne I Hercegovine utvrđeno je prisustvo 298 endemičnih taksona u rangu vrste I podvrsta. Za svaki takson određena je njegova pripadanost odgovarajućoj horološku grupi, podgrupi i lornom elementu. Osnovnu horološku strukturu balkanske enedmične lore u BiH čine 5 glavnih grupa: Južnoevropska planinska (SEM) sa 112 taksona ili 38% ukupne endemične lore u BiH, Mediteransko-submediteranska (MED-SUBMED) sa 77 taksona (26%), Centralnoevropska planinska sa 69 taksona (23%), Centralnoevropska (CE) sa 34 taksona (11%) i Pontska sa 6 taksona (2%). U okviru SEM I CEM grupe najbrojniji su dinarski i dinarsko-balkanski, u MED-SUBMED grupi jadransko-submediteranski, dok u CE grupi to su ilirski i ilirsko-balkanski lorni elementi. Rasprostranjenje svakog endemičnog taksona kartirano je na MGRS mreži 10 x 10 km. Bogatstvo balkanske endemične lore u BiH predstavljeno je brojem taksona ranga vrsta i podvrsta u svakom MGRS kvadratu veličine 10x10 km. Na isti način je prikazano bogatstvo i distribucija taksona koji pripadaju osnovnim horološkim grupama. Utvrđeno je da su visoke planine severne Hercegovine (Prenj, Čvrsnica, Čabulja) najbogatije endemičnim biljkama (125 taksona), zatim slede planine Bjelašnica, Treskavica, Ivan, zajedno sa kanjonom reke Rakitnice (109 taxa) i granične planine sa Crnom Gorom - Maglić i Volujak sa kanjonom reke Sutjeske (99 taxa). Pojedinačne planine sa najbogatijom endemičnom lorom su Prenj (99), Čvrsnica (78), Orjen (74), Velež (70), Treskavica (63), Maglić (58), Dinara (52) itd. Horološke analize su pokazale da je najveći broj endemičnih biljaka SEM grupe rasprostranjen na primorskim Dinaridima Hercegovine, dok su endemiti iz CEM grupe najbrojniji na planinskom lancu untrašnjih Dinarida. Takođe je utvrđeno da skoro sve visoke planine u BiH imaju mešoviti karakter endemične oroitske lore u kome učestvuju u različitim odnosima SEM i CEM elementi. Rasprostranjenje MED-SUBMED i CE elemenata poklapa se sa linijom razgraničenja Mediteranskog i Centralnoevropskog regiona. Posebno je razmatrano prisustvo drevnih mediteranskih endemičnih elemenata na serpentinitima centralne istočne Bosne. Ključne reči: Bosna i Hercegovina, Balkanska endemična lora, horološka struktura lore, lorni elementi. taxon (species or/and subspecies) Chorological subgroup Floristic element Asclepiadaceae Vincetoxicum huteri Vis. et Ascherson SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Campanulaceae Edraianthus hercegovinus K. Malý SEM Dinar Dinar(C) Campanulaceae Edraianthus murbeckii Wettst. SEM Dinar Dinar(C) Campanulaceae Edraianthus niveus Beck SEM Dinar Dinar(C) Campanulaceae Edraianthus sutjeskae Lakušić SEM Dinar Dinar(C) Campanulaceae Campanula hercegovina Degen & Fiala SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Campanulaceae Edraianthus serpyllifolius (Vis.) A. DC. SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Campanulaceae Edraianthus montenegrinus Horák SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Campanulaceae Campanula waldsteiniana Schult. SEM Dinar Dinar(W) Campanulaceae Edraianthus croaticus A. Kern. SEM Dinar Dinar(W-C) Campanulaceae Edraianthus caricinus Schott SEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Campanulaceae Edraianthus jugoslavicus Lakušić SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(moes(W)) Campanulaceae Asyneuma pichleri (Vis.) D. Lakušić & F. Conti (Asyneuma trichocalycinum - auct. balc.) SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-(krit)) Caprifoliaceae Lonicera glutinosa Vis. SEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Caryophyllaceae Dianthus freynii Vandas SEM Dinar Dinar(C) Caryophyllaceae Cerastium malyi (Georgiev) Niketić subsp. serpentini (Novák) Niketić SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Caryophyllaceae Dianthus integer Vis. subsp. integer SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Caryophyllaceae Dianthus sylvestris Wulfen subsp. nodosus (Tausch) Hayek SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Caryophyllaceae Heliosperma monachorum Vis. & Pančić SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Caryophyllaceae Heliosperma pussila (Waldst. & Kit.) subsp. malyi (Neumayer) Greuter & Burdet SEM Dinar Dinar(W) Caryophyllaceae Arenaria gracilis Waldst. & Kit. SEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Caryophyllaceae Silene sendtneri Boiss. SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(moes(W)) Caryophyllaceae Minuartia bosniaca (Beck) K. Malý SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W)) Caryophyllaceae Cerastium malyi (Georgiev) Niketić subsp. malyi SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W-E)) Caryophyllaceae Cerastium rectum Friv. subsp. rectum SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W-E)) Caryophyllaceae Dianthus cruentus Griseb. subsp. cruentus SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W-E)) Caryophyllaceae Minuartia clandestina (Port.) Trinajstić SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina Family Chorologicalgroup Appendix 1. Chorological subgroup Floristic element SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind (N-S)-moes(W)) SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Caryophyllaceae Cerastium decalvans Schloss. & Vuk. subsp. decalvans SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Compositae Hieracium chalcidicum Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. divaricatum (Fr.) Greuter SEM Dinar Dinar(C) Compositae SEM Dinar Dinar(C) SEM Dinar Dinar(C) Compositae Hieracium grossianum Zahn Hieracium pilosissimus Friv. subsp. pilosissimum= Hieracium chalcidicum Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. divaricatum (Fr.) Greuter Leucanthemum chloroticum Kerner & Murbeck SEM Dinar Dinar(C) Compositae Hieracium albanicum Freyn SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Compositae SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Compositae Hieracium andrasovszkyi Zahn subsp. euglabratisimile O. Behr & Zahn Hieracium stirovacense Degen & Zahn subsp. miriicissimum (Rohlena & Zahn) Greuter = Hieracium miriicissimum Rohlena & Zahn Hieracium plumulosum A. Kerner SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Compositae Hieracium waldsteinii Tausch subsp. nipholeucum Zahn SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Compositae Reichardia macrophylla Vis. & Pančić SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Compositae Senecio thapsoides DC. subsp. visianianus (Vis.) Vandas SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Compositae Amphoricarpos neumayeri Vis. SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Compositae Centaurea derventana Vis. & Pančić SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Compositae Centaurea incompta Vis. SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Compositae Hieracium calophyllum R. Uechtr. SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Compositae Hieracium guglerianum Zahn subsp. guglerianum SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Compositae Hieracium pichleri A. Kern. subsp. pichleri SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Compositae Compositae Chorologicalgroup Cerastium decalvans Schlosser & Vuk. subsp. leontopodium (Stoj. & Stefanov) Niketić Dianthus sylvestris Wulfen subsp. bertisceus Rech. il. taxon (species or/and subspecies) Compositae Hieracium scheppigianum Freyn SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Compositae Hieracium suborieni (Zahn) P. D. Sell & C. West SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Compositae Cerastium grandilorum Waldst. & Kit. SEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Compositae Hieracium brevilanosum Degen & Zahn SEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Compositae Leucanthemum visianii (Gjurašin) Vogt & Greuter SEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Compositae Hieracium brandisii Freyn SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Compositae Hieracium coloriscapum Rohlena & Zahn SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Compositae Hieracium guentheri-beckii Zahn SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Compositae Hieracium pichleri A. Kerner subsp. adamovicii Sagorski & Zahn SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) vol. 38 (1) Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Family Compositae Hieracium bosniacum Freyn SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W)) Compositae Hieracium thapsiforme Ascherson & Kanitz SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W)) Compositae Achillea abrotanoides (Vis.) Vis. SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Compositae Amphoricarpos autariatus Blečič & E. Mayer SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Gnaphalium roeseri Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. pichleri (Murb.) Hayek SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Hieracium gymnocephalum Pant. SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Compositae Hieracium friwaldii Reichenb. il. SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W)) Compositae Achillea ageratifolia (Sm.) Benth. & Hooker il. subsp. serbica (Nyman) Heimerl SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W)) Compositae Hieracium heterogynum (Froelich) Gutermann subsp. heterogynum SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W)) Compositae Hieracium baldaccianum Bald. SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W)) Cruciferae Aubrieta columnae Guss. subsp. croatica (Schott, Nyman & Kotschy) Mattf. SEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Cruciferae Aurinia corymbosa Griseb. SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W)) Cruciferae Erysimum linarifolium Tausch SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Cruciferae Cardamine carnosa Waldst. & Kit. SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)) Dipsacaceae Cephalaria pastricensis Dörl. & Hayek SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W)) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia montenegrina (Bald.) K. Malý SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia capitulata Rchb. SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Gramineae Sesleria insularis Sommier subsp. sillingeri (Deyl) Deyl= S. paparistoi Ujhely SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Gramineae Sesleria serbica (Adamović) Ujhelyi SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Gramineae Avenula blavii (Ascherson & Janka) W. Sauer & Chmelitschek SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Gramineae Sesleria ujhelyii Strgar SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Gramineae Sesleria albicans Kit. ex Schultes subsp. angustifolia (Hackel & G. Beck) Deyl SEM Dinar Dinar(W) Gramineae Sesleria robusta Schott subsp. robusta SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Gramineae Sesleria latifolia (Adamović) Degen SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E)) Iridaceae Iris bosniaca Beck SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Iridaceae Iris orjenii Bräuchler& Cikovac SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Labiatae Micromeria croatica (Pres.) Schott. SEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Labiatae Satureja subspicata Bartl. ex Vis. subsp. subspicata SEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Labiatae Stachys anisochila Vis. & Pančić SEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Labiatae Stachys recta L. subsp. baldaccii (K. Malý) Hayek (incl. S. chrysophaea Pančić) SEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Labiatae Stachys recta L. subsp. subcrenata (Vis.) Briquet SEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Labiatae Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench subsp. dinaricus Šilić SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Labiatae Stachys scardica (Griseb.) Hayek SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W)) Liliaceae Scilla lakusicii Šilić SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Liliaceae Fritillaria gracilis (Ebel) Asch. & Graebn. subsp. gracilis SEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Liliaceae Allium phthioticum Boiss. & Heldr. SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)) Linaceae Linum elegans Spruner ex Boiss. SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W) B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina Compositae Compositae Floristic element Papilionaceae Chamaecytisus thomasinii (Vis.) Rothm. SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W)) Papilionaceae Anthyllis aurea Host SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W)) Ranunculaceae Aquilegia nikolicii Niketić & Cikovac SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Rosaceae Sibiraea croatica Degen SEM Dinar Dinar(W-C) Rosaceae Potentilla speciosa Willd. subsp. illyrica Soják SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Rubiaceae Asperula hercegovina Degen SEM Dinar Dinar(C) Santalaceae hesium auriculatum Vandas SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Scrophulariaceae Veronica saturejoides Vis. SEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Scrophulariaceae Verbascum durmitoreum Rohlena SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Scrophulariaceae Verbascum nicolai Rohlena SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Scrophulariaceae Verbascum baldaccii Degen SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) hymeleaceae Daphne malyana Blečić SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Umbelliferae Bunium alpinum Waldst. & Kit. subsp. alpinum SEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Umbelliferae Pimpinella serbica (Vis.) Drude SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Umbelliferae Athamanta turbith (L.) Broth subsp. haynaldii (Borbás & R. Uechtr.) Tutin SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Violaceae Viola prenja Beck SEM Dinar Dinar(C) Violaceae Viola polyodonta W. Becker SEM Dinar Dinar(E) Violaceae Viola chelmea Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. vratnikensis Gáyer & Degen SEM Dinar Dinar(W-C) Violaceae Viola elegantula Schott SEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Aceraceae Acer hyrcanum Fischer & C. A. Meyer subsp. intermedium (Pančić) Bornm. CE Illyr-Balk Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W-E)) Caprifoliaceae Viburnum maculatum Pant. CE Illyr Illyr(C-E) Compositae Centaurea nigrescens Willd. subsp. smolinensis (Hayek) Dostál CE Illyr Illyr(C) Compositae Hieracium austroslavicum K. Malý & Zahn CE Illyr Illyr(C) Compositae Hieracium biidum Hornem. subsp. polytricholepium Zahn CE Illyr Illyr(C) Compositae Hieracium melanothyrsum K. Malý & Zahn CE Illyr Illyr(C) Compositae Hieracium biidum Hornem. subsp. stenolepidotropum K. Malý & Zahn CE Illyr Illyr(C) Compositae Hieracium macrodon Nägeli & Peter CE Illyr Illyr(C) Compositae Centaurea stenolepis A. Kerner subsp. bosniaca (Murb.) Dostál CE Illyr Illyr(C-E) vol. 38 (1) Chorological subgroup taxon (species or/and subspecies) Chorologicalgroup Family Compositae Hieracium biidum Hornem. subsp. caesiotropum K. Malý & Zahn CE Illyr Illyr(C-E) Compositae Hieracium bjeluschae K. Malý & Zahn subsp. barathron K. Malý & Zahn CE Illyr Illyr(C-E) Compositae Hieracium macrodontoides (Zahn) Zahn subsp. macrodontoides CE Illyr Illyr(C-E) Hieracium praecurrens Vuk. subsp. megaladenophyes K. Malý & Zahn CE Illyr Illyr(C-E) Hieracium bjeluschae K. Malý & Zahn subsp. bjeluschae CE Illyr Illyr(E) Compositae Hieracium bjeluschae K. Malý & Zahn subsp. melacense K. Malý & Zahn CE Illyr Illyr(E) Compositae Hieracium macutense K. Malý & Zahn CE Illyr Illyr(E) Compositae Hieracium pseudotommasinii Rohlena & Zahn CE Illyr Illyr(W-E) Compositae Hieracium tommasinii Reichenb. il. subsp. tommasinii CE Illyr-Balk Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Compositae Hieracium tommasinii Reichenb. subsp. steosissimum NP CE Illyr-Balk Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Compositae Hieracium pseudobiidum Schur subsp. stenolepioides (Zahn) Zahn CE Illyr-Balk Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W) Compositae Lactuca visianii Bornm. CE Illyr-Balk Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E)) Cruciferae Barbarea bosniaca Murb. CE Illyr Illyr(C) Dipsacaceae Knautia dinarica (Murb.) Borbás subsp. dinarica CE Illyr Illyr(C-E) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia gregersenii K. Malý CE Illyr Illyr(C) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia subhastata Vis. & Pančić CE Illyr Illyr(C-E) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia pancicii Beck CE Illyr Illyr(E) Fumariaceae Corydalis blanda Schott subsp. blanda CE Illyr Illyr(C-E) Fumariaceae Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. subsp. incisa Lidén CE Illyr-Balk Illyr(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W-C)) Gramineae Bromus moellendorianus (Ascherson & Graebner) Hayek CE Illyr Illyr(C) Papilionaceae Lathyrus binatus Pančić CE Illyr Illyr(C-E) Papilionaceae Trifolium medium L. subsp. balcanicum Velen. CE Illyr-Balk Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E)) Scrophulariaceae Melampyrum hoermannianum K. Malý CE Illyr Illyr(C-E) Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia bosniaca Beck CE Illyr-Balk Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Umbelliferae Peucedanum aegopodioides (Boiss.) Vandas CE Illyr-Balk Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-C) Aceraceae Acer heldreichii Orph. ex Boiss. CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W)) Boraginaceae Myosotis suaveolens Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E)) Campanulaceae Campanula moesiaca Velen. CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W-E))) Campanulaceae Phyteuma pseudorbiculare Pant. CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W)) Caprifoliaceae Lonicera formanekiana Halácsy subsp. hectoderma Blečić & E. Mayer CEM Dinar Dinar(E) Caprifoliaceae Lonicera borbasiana (Kuntze) Degen CEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Caryophyllaceae Minuartia handelii Mattf. CEM Dinar Dinar(C) Caryophyllaceae Cerastium dinaricum Beck & Szysz. CEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Compositae Centaurea murbeckii Hayek CEM Dinar Dinar(C) Compositae Hieracium incisiceps Rohlena & Zahn CEM Dinar Dinar(C) Compositae Petasites doerleri Hayek CEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina Compositae Compositae Chorologicalgroup Chorological subgroup Compositae Senecio hercynicus Herborg subsp. durmitorensis Herborg CEM Dinar Dinar(E) Compositae Tephroseris crassifolia (Schult.) Griseb. & Schenk CEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Compositae Lactuca pancicii (Vis.) N. Kilian & Greuter CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Compositae Hieracium naegelianum Pančić subsp. naegelianum CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W)) Compositae Hieracium sparsum Friv. subsp. subsparsilorum (Degen & Zahn) Zahn CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(moes(W)) Compositae Tephroseris papposa (Reichenb.) Schur. subsp. wagneri (Degen) B. Nord. CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W-C)) Compositae Hypochaeris maculata L. subsp. pelivanovicii (Velen.) Hayek CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W-E)) Compositae Senecio hercynicus Herborg subsp. dalmaticus (Griseb.) Greuter CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W-C) Cruciferae Arabis scopoliana Boiss. CEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Cruciferae Alyssum scardicum Wettst. CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes (W)) Cruciferae Barbarea balcana Pančić CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W)) Cruciferae Hesperis dinarica Beck CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E)) Dipsacaceae Knautia travnicensis (Beck) Szabó CEM Dinar Dinar(C) Dipsacaceae Knautia sarajevensis (Beck) Szabó CEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Dipsacaceae Knautia pancicii Szabó CEM Dinar Dinar(E) Dipsacaceae Knautia midzorensis Formánek CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sk pind(N-S)-moes(W-C)) Gentianaceae Gentiana verna L. subsp. tergestina (Beck) Hayek CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))-moes(W)) Gramineae Festuca malyi Widder CEM Dinar Dinar(C) Gramineae Festuca bosniaca Kumm. & Sendtn. subsp. chloranta (Beck) Markgr.-Dann. CEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Gramineae Festuca macranthera (Beck) Markgr.-Dannenb. CEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Gramineae Festuca amethystina L. subsp. kummeri (Beck) Markgr.-Dann. CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(moes(W)) Gramineae Festuca korabensis (Jáv. ex Markgr.-Dann.) Markgr.-Dann. CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Labiatae Stachys alpina L. subsp. dinarica Murb. CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(moes(W)) Lentibulariaceae Pinguicula balcanica Casper subsp. balcanica CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W-E)) Liliaceae Lilium albanicum Griseb. (incl. L. bosniacum Beck) CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Linaceae Linum capitatum Kit. ex Schultes subsp. capitatum CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E)) Orchidaceae Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fries) Soó subsp. bosniaca (Beck) Soó CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W)) Papilionaceae Astragalus ialae Degen CEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Papilionaceae Oxytropis prenja (Beck) Beck CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind (N-C) Floristic element taxon (species or/and subspecies) vol. 38 (1) Family Oxytropis dinarica (Murb.) Wettst. subsp. dinarica CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Papilionaceae Vicia montenegrina Rohlena CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Papilionaceae Onobrychis montana DC. subsp. scardica (Griseb.) P. W. Ball CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W)) Pinaceae Picea omorika (Pančić) Purkynê CEM Dinar Dinar(E) Plantaginaceae Plantago reniformis Beck CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Polygalaceae Polygala alpestris Reichenb. subsp. croatica (Chodat) Hayek CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Primulaceae Primula kitaibeliana Schott. CEM Dinar Dinar(W-C) Ranunculaceae Aquilegia dinarica Beck CEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Ranunculaceae Aquilegia grata F. Maly ex Zimmeter subsp. grata CEM Dinar Dinar(E) Ranunculaceae Ranunculus concinnatus Schott (incl. R. croaticus Schott) CEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Rosaceae Alchemilla vranicensis Pawl. CEM Dinar Dinar(C) Rosaceae Alchemilla amphiargyrea Buser CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S) Rosaceae Geum bulgaricum Pančić CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(moes(SW)) Rosaceae Potentilla montenegrina Pant. CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(SW)) Rosaceae Alchemilla lanuginosa Rothm. CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W)) Rubiaceae Asperula wettsteinii Adamović CEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Saxifragaceae Saxifraga prenja Beck CEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Saxifragaceae Saxifraga blavii (Engler) Beck CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Scrophulariaceae Rhinanthus dinaricus Murb. CEM Dinar Dinar(C) Scrophulariaceae Rhinanthus illyricus (Beck & Sterneck) Soó CEM Dinar Dinar(C) Scrophulariaceae Euphrasia dinarica (Beck) Murb. CEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis heterodonta Pančić CEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis malyi Janka CEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Scrophulariaceae Rhinanthus asperulus (Murb.) Soó CEM Dinar Dinar(C-E) Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis brachyodonta Schlosser & Vuk. subsp. brachyodonta CEM Dinar Dinar(W-E) Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis grisebachii Wettst. CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W)) Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis hoermanniana K. Malý CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E)) Scrophulariaceae Melampyrum trichocalycinum Vandas CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N) Valerianaceae Valeriana bertiscea Pančić CEM Dinar-Balk Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)) Aceraceae Acer obtusatum Willd. subsp. opuloideum K. Malý MEDSUBMED Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(N)-Illyr(W-C) Araceae Arum petteri Schott Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Asclepiadaceae Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medicus subsp. adriaticum (Beck) Markgraf Balk(submed) Adriat(N-S) MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina Papilionaceae Boraginaceae Halacsya sendtneri (Boiss.) Dörl. Boraginaceae Onosma stellulata Waldst. & Kit. Campanulaceae Edraianthus dalmaticus (A.DC.) A. DC. Campanulaceae Symphyandra hofmannii Pant. Campanulaceae Campanula portenschlagiana Schult. Campanulaceae Edraianthus tenuifolius (Waldst. & Kit.) A. DC. Caryophyllaceae Gypsophila spergulifolia Griseb. Caryophyllaceae Heliosperma retzdoriana K. Malý Caryophyllaceae Cerastium ligusticum Viv. subsp. trichogynum Möschl) P. D. Sell & Whitehead Caryophyllaceae Dianthus ciliatus Guss. subsp. dalmaticus (Čelak.) Hayek Caryophyllaceae Silene reichenbachii Vis. Caryophyllaceae Dianthus knappii (Pant.) Borbás Caryophyllaceae Heliosperma tommasinii (Vis.) Reichenb. Cistaceae Fumana bonapartei Maire & Petitm. Compositae Cyanus tuberosus (Vis.) Soják Compositae Centaurea glaberrima Tausch MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED Floristic element Moltkia petraea (Tratt.) Gris. Chorological subgroup Boraginaceae Chorologicalgroup taxon (species or/and subspecies) Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(C-S)-Illyr(C-SE)-Balk(sc-pind) Balk(subcont) Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Balk(subcont) Illyr(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(N-C)-Illyr(C-E) Balk(subcont) Illyr(C) Balk(submed) Adriat(C) Balk(submed) Adriat(N-S) Balk(subcont) Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Balk(submed) Adriat(C) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(N-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(S) Balk(submed) Adriat(S) Balk(subcont) Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(S)-Illyr(C)-Balk(moes(SW)) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) vol. 38 (1) Family Crepis pantocsekii (Vis.) Latzel Compositae Klasea radiata (Waldst. & Kit.) Á. Löve & D. Löve subsp. cetinjensis (Rohlena) Greuter & Wagenitz Compositae Tanacetum cinerarifolium (Trev.) Schultz.-Bip. Compositae Centaurea nicolae Bald. Cruciferae Alyssum moellendorianum Ascherson ex Beck Cruciferae Cardamine ialae Fritsch MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(N-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(S) Balk(submed) Adriat(C) Balk(submed) Adriat(C) Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(C)-Aeg(N)-Maced-hrac(NW)Balk(moes(SW-C) Balk(subcont) Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W)) Balk(submed) Adriat(C) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Balk(subcont) Illyr(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Balk(subcont) IllyrW-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(C)-Illyr(C-SE)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Dipsacaceae Cephalaria lava (Sibth. & Sm.) Szabó subsp. lava Dipsacaceae Scabiosa fumarioides Vis. & Pančić Dipsacaceae Knautia clementii (Beck) Ehrenb. Dipsacaceae Knautia albanica Briq. Dipsacaceae Knautia visianii Szabó Dipsacaceae Succisella petteri (J. Kerner & Murb.) Beck Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia glabrilora Vis. Fumariaceae Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén subsp. leiosperma (P. Conrath) Lidén Fumariaceae Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén subsp. acaulis (Wulfen) Lidén Gramineae Festuca hercegovinica Markgr. - Dannenb. Iridaceae Crocus dalmaticus Vis. Iridaceae Iris pseudopallida Trinajstić Labiatae Stachys serbica Pančić MEDSUBMED Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(C)-Maced-thrac(W)-Balk(moes(W)Ion(N)-Aeg(N) Labiatae Teucrium arduinii L. MEDSUBMED Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(N-S)-Illyr(C-E) MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina Compositae Labiatae Salvia sonklari Pant. Labiatae hymus jankae Čelak. Labiatae Acinos orontius (K. Malý) Šilić Labiatae Acinos majoranifolius (Mill.) Šilić Labiatae Micromeria dalmatica Benthem Labiatae Micromeria parvilora (Vis.) Reichenb. Labiatae Salvia brachyodon Vandas Labiatae Micromeria kerneri Murbeck Labiatae Stachys oicinalis (L.) Trevisan subsp. velebitica (A. Kerner) Hayek Labiatae hymus bracteosus Vis. ex Bentham Labiatae Satureja horvatii Šilić Liliaceae Allium guttatum Steven subsp. dalmaticum (A. Kerner ex Janchen) Stearn Liliaceae Floristic element Sideritis purpurea Talbot ex Benth. Chorological subgroup Labiatae Chorologicalgroup taxon (species or/and subspecies) Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(N-S)-Ion(N-S)-Aeg(W-S)-Balk(scpind(N-S))) Balk(subcont) Illyr(C) Balk(subcont) Illyr(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W)) Balk(submed) Adriat(C) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(N-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(N-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(N-S) Balk(submed) Adriat(S) MEDSUBMED Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(N-S)-Aeg(C-S)-Balk(moes(W) Scilla litarderei Breistr. MEDSUBMED Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(N-S)-Illyr(W-C) Liliaceae Hyacinthella dalmatica Chouard MEDSUBMED Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Papilionaceae Trifolium dalmaticum Vis. Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(N-S)-Ion(N-S)-Illyr(W-E)-Balk(scpind(N-S)-moes(W-E)) MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED vol. 38 (1) Family Trifolium pignantii Fauché & Chaub. Papilionaceae Genista sylvestris Scop. subsp. dalmatica (Bartl.) H. Lindb. Papilionaceae Petteria ramentacea (Sieber) C. Presl Papilionaceae Vicia ochroleuca Ten. subsp. dinara (Borbas)K. Malý ex Rohlena Ranunculaceae Helleborus multiidus Vis. subsp. multiidus Rhamnaceae Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(SE)-Ion-Aeg(N)-Illyr(C-SE)-Balk(scpind(N-S)-moes(W)) Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(W-S)-Illyr(W-E) Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S)-Ion(N) Balk(submed) Adriat(N-S) MEDSUBMED Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(C-S)-Illyr(W-E) Rhamnus orbiculata Bornm. MEDSUBMED Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S)-Maced-hrac(W) Rhamnaceae Rhamnus intermedius Steud. & Hochst. MEDSUBMED Balk(submed) Adriat(N-S) Rosaceae Potentilla visianii Pančić MEDSUBMED Balk(subcont) Illyr(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Rubiaceae Asperula scutellaris Vis. MEDSUBMED Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(C-S)-Illyr(C-E)-Maced(SW)) Rubiaceae Galium irmum Tausch Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Rutaceae Haplophyllum boisserianum Vis. & Pančić Balk(subcont) Illyr(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Scrophulariaceae Linaria rubioides Vis. & Pančić subsp. rubioides Balk(subcont) Illyr(C-E) Scrophulariaceae Verbascum bosnense K. Malý Balk(subcont) Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia tristis (K. Malý) Šilić Balk(subcont) Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)) Scrophulariaceae Verbascum niveum Ten. subsp. visianianum (Reichaub.) Murb. Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Umbelliferae Bupleurum karglii Vis. MEDSUBMED Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(N-S)-Ion(N)-Illyr(W-E) Umbelliferae Chaerophyllum coloratum L. MEDSUBMED Balk(medsubmedsubcont) Adriat(N-SE)-Illyr(C-E) Umbelliferae Eryngium palmatum Pančić & Vis. Balk(subcont) Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W)) Umbelliferae Seseli globiferum Vis. Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) Umbelliferae Seseli tomentosum Vis. Balk(submed) Adriat(C-S) MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED MEDSUBMED B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina Papilionaceae MEDSUBMED Chorological subgroup Floristic element Illyr(C) Onosma pseudoarenaria Schur subsp. fallax (Borbás) Rauschert PONT Illyr Illyr(C-E) Papilionaceae Chamaecytisus maezeius K. Malý (Ch. heufelii (Griseb. & Schenk) Rothm. var. maezeius K. Malý PONT Illyr Illyr(N-E) Polygonaceae Polygonum albanicum Jáv. PONT Illyr-Balk Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)) Ranunculaceae Pulsatilla velezensis (Beck) Aichele & Schwegler PONT Illyr Illyr(W-C) Ranunculaceae Ranunculus psilostachys Griseb. PONT Illyr-Balk Illyr(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W-C)) Umbelliferae Peucedanum neumayeri (Vis.) Reichenb. il. PONT Illyr-Balk Illyr(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E)) Violaceae Viola beckiana Fiala Boraginaceae Chorologicalgroup Balk(subcont) taxon (species or/and subspecies) Abbrevaiations: CE-Central European; CEM-Central European mountainous; MED-SUBMED-Mediterranean-submediterranean; PONT-Pontic; SEM-South European mountainous; Dinar-Dinaric mountains; Balk-Balkan (for SEM and CEM group it refer to Balkan mountains); Illyr-Illyrian; Sc-pind-Scardo-Pindhic; moes-Moesian; Maced-hrac-Macedonian-hracian; Adriat-Adriatic; Ion-Ionian; Aeg-Aegean, N-north, C-central, E-east; S-south; W-west. vol. 38 (1) MEDSUBMED Family