Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1). ISBN 0 7305 8743 6
The Families and Genera of
Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
(Except Marine Gammaroids)
Part 1
J.
LAURENS
BARNARD 1
& GORDAN
s.
KARAMAN 2
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History,
NHB-163, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D~C. 20560, _USA
1
2Institute of Freshwater Research,
Titograd, Yugoslavia, 81000
Keys, diagnoses and lists of species are presented for the marine families and genera
of Gammaridea except those marinegammaroids treated by Barrtard& Barnard (1983). This work
is a handbook for the identification of gammaridean amphipods to generic level through the use
of artificial (non-phylogenetic) keys at the family-group level which lead to subsidiary keys to the
genera of families or family groups. Genera in polytypic families are diagnosed and described
sufficiently to fit the taxonomic complications within each group. Diagnoses of families are limited
to those characters departing from a·gammaridean model which is diagnosed in words and illustrations;
hence some families may have identical diagnoses. Therefore, cross-comparisons to similar families
are made an organic part of each diagnosis. Family descriptions amplify the generalities of family
characters. Relationships are identified not at phylogenetic level but in terms. of possible confusion
in making identifications. The reader must cross-compare relationships among the several families
that might be mentioned as part of the diagnoses because, to save space, all possible combinations
are not replicated at every possible node. The same comparative method is generally but not
exclusively used for the genera of each family. Multiple keys are provided for some of the more
difficult families; taxa are often cited more tha, once in a key. A pictorial key to families operates
with the same proviso that only the deviations from the model gammaridean are depicted. The pictorial
key is arranged in reverse order so that the most anomalous taxa appear first and those closest
to the model diagnosis are placed· at the end. This progression follows the idea that the most deviant
taxa are the easiest to identify to family. level. The master key to families has the endpoints necessary
to identify marine gammaroids by reference to Barnard & Barnard (1983); the two works are
constructed .inparallel·fashion~·Families,andgenefawithin~families,areOfganisedalphabetically~ ·An
index provides the principal reference for each genus and species. Where necessary, each taxon
is supplied with notes on removals or major changes since 1965 which have not become common
ABSTRACT.
2
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
knowledge, or which are implemented herein. Each genus is supplied with a list of species and
selected references. A geographic code, applied to each species, can be identified in the lists and
maps of Bamard & Bamard (1983). A bibliography includes many publications not cited in the text
but omits the marine gammaroids except for items published since 1980 which were not included
in Bamard & Bamard (1983). Effective use of this handbook requires memorisation of a gammaridean
model, skill in dissection following directions supplied herein, familiarity with the glossary, and
acceptance of the idea that keys and diagnoses are only aids, not absolute endpoints.
Contents (of Part 1)
Introduction
3
Limitations
5
Acknowledgments
5
Methods and Terms
·6
Figures
·
7
Legend
7
Classification
7
Status of Gammaridean Systematics
8
Morphological Terminology
8
Morphology of a Gammaridean Amphipod
9
13
Morphological Evolution of the Amphipoda
Behaviour
17
The Families of Gammaridea
18
Geographic Distribution of Marine Gammaridea
23
Endemicity
25
The Composition of a Faunule
Z7
Prospectus
~
33
Identification Procedures
33
The Diagrammatic Key 'to Families
33
Written Keys
59
Diagnoses
59
Diagnosis of the Basic Marine Gammaridean (Many Marine Gammaridae)
ro
Amphipoda Latreille, .1816 ....................................................................................................................• ro
Key to Suborders of Amphipoda
61
Key to Marine Families of Suborder Gammaridea
61
··Ampeliscidae Costa, 1857
84Amphilochoid group
91
Amphilochidae Boeck, 1871b
92Ampithoidae Steb}:)i~g, 1899a
~
Anamixidae Stebbing, 1897
111
Anisogammaridae Bousfield, 1977
114
Argissidae Walker, 1904
114
Artesiidae Holsinger, 1980
~
114
Bateidae Stebbing, 1906
114
Biancolinidae J.L. Bamard, 1972a
116
Bogidiellidae Hertzog, 1936.
.
116
Bolttsiidae Bamard & Karama,
8'1
116
Calliopiidae Sars, 1895
117
Carangoliopsidae Bousfield, 1977
117
Cardenioidae Bamard & Karaman, 1987
119
Caspicolidae Birstein, 1945 ~ ~
120
Ceinidae J.L. Bamard, 1972a
120
Cheiidae Thurston, 1982
126
Cheluridae Allman, ·1847
127
Clarenciidae Bamard & Karaman, 1987
131
Colomastigidae. Stebbing, 1899a
132
Condukiidae Bamard & Drummond, 1982c
135
Corophiida Bamard & Bamard, 1983 ........................................•................................................... 137
Bamard & Kararnan: Marine Garnrnaridean Arnphipoda
3
Corophiidae Dana, 1849
137
Corophioidea Barnard & Bamard, 1983
137
Siphonoecetinae Just, 1983b
242
Crangonyctidae Bousfield, 1973
249
Cressidae Stebbing, 1899a
249
Cyproideidae J.L. Barnard, 1974b
~
251
Dexaminidae Leach, 1814b
2ti()
Didymocheliidae Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer, 1986
276
Dogielinotidae Gurjanova, 1953
276
Eophliantidae Sheard, 1936b
279
Eusiridae Stebbing, 1888
284Exoedicerotidae Barnard & Drummond, 1982a
344
Gammarellidae Bousfield, 1977 .......................................................................................................• 350
Gammarida and Gammaridae Leach, 1814b
350
Gammaroidea Leach, 1814
351
Gammaroporeiidae Bousefield, 1979
·
351
Hadziidae S. Karaman, 1943
351
HaustorioideaStebbing, 1906
~
,. 351
Haustoriidae Stebbing, 1906
::'..•........... 357
Hyalellidae Bulycheva, 1957
3ti()
Hyalidae Bulycheva, 1957
3()(5
Hyperiopsidae Bovallius, 1886
372
Iciliidae Dana, 1849
375
Ipanemidae Bamard & Thomas, 1988
377
Iphimediidae Boeck, 1871
378
Ischyroceridae Stebbing, 1899a
4()3
Kuriidae J.L. Bamard, 1964c
4()3
Lafystiidae Sars, 1895
~
4()4.
Laphystiopsidae Stebbing, 1899a
4()5
Leucothoidae Dana, 1852b
4()8
Liljeborgiidae Stebbing, 1899a
412
e ••••••••••••
Keys and diagnoses, with illustrations, to the families
and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda are
presented here in the form of a handbook. A handbook
represents the subject in a condensed fashion which
abbreviates many of the topics of concern that would be
more fully elaborated in a definitive monographic treatise;
for example, taxal diagnoses are abbreviated by reference
to a basic model diagnosis, descriptions and variables are
pared to the essential minimum, synonymies include only
principal references and species are only listed but
neither diagnosed nor provided with keys. The taxa are
largely presented in alphabetical rather than in phyletic
order to assist in rapidly locating endpoints in keys.
Illustrations are reduced to representations.
This work comprises.an update to Bamard (1969) and
forms a companion to the work by Bamard & Bamard
(1983) which treated all freshwater gammarideans and all
marine Gammaridea in the section Gammarida. None of
that material is repeated herein but the main family keys
here are constructed to contain all marine components
of those volumes; marine gammarideans are herein called
'Gammarida'. The various classificatory levels of
Gammarida are found in the glossary and their adjectives
are Gammaridan, gammaroid and gammarid.
Since 1969, when J.L. Bamard monographed this
suborder, the number of families has increased from 54
to 91, the number of genera from 670 to 1055 and the
number of species from 3300 to 5733 (J.L. Bamard, 1959d
and subsequent files). Stebbing's (1906) and Bamard's
(1969c) general arrangement of families has been
radically altered and reorganised into superfamilies and
many new families and subfamilies by Bulycheva (1957),
Bousfield (1973, 1977, 1978, 1982a, 1983), J.L. Bamard
(1972b, 1973b, 1974), and Barnard & Drummond (1982),
but superfamilies are so difficult to diagnose that it remains
easier to write a handbook for identification of genera
with focus at family level. Superfamilies, infraorders and
sections are therefore ignored as an overall classificatory
scheme but a few of the categories are taken up where
we have found them useful, such as grouping together
the various families assignable to Amphilochoidea,
Corophioidea (Corophiida), Gammarida, Haustorioidea,
and Talitroidea, so that subsidiary and supergroup keys
can be provided. Of the 91 families recognised herein,
those we treat are listed in our table of contents,
whereas List 1 delineates familie's we cannot yet
recognise and List 2 lists family groups found in Bamard
& Barnard (1983). Once an amphipod has been identified
to family level in the keys the relevant family is found
in alphabetical order rather than in phyletic order. The
discovery of many additional species and genera since
1969 has required a considerable emendation of familial
and generic limits. The near absence of phyletic
monographs at family level and the plethora of faunal
4
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
compilations widely scattered in the literature have
hindered advances in classification of the group. The
principal reorganisations mentioned above have been
based largely oh existent literature and therefore are in
contention and suffer widely from ignorance of
morphology at many critical points. Ready identification
of taxa not only by nonspecialists but even by experts
remains extremely difficult because of the large number
of yet undiscovered species and genera.
List. 1. Families not recognised or otherwise treated
herein, with their synonyms or other remarks; for
bibliographic citations to freshwater families, see
Bamard & Bamard (1983):
Acanthonotozomatidae Stebbing (1906) = Iphimediidae
Amathillopsidae Pirlot (1934) = Iphimediidae
Anatylidae Bulycheva (1955) = Dexaminidae
Aoridae Stebbing (1899a) = C()tophiida
Astyridae Pirlot (1934) = Stilipedidae
Atylidae Liljeborg (1865a) == Dexaminidae
Beaudettiidae J.L. Bamard (1965a)== Gammarida
Calliopiidae Sars (1895) = Eusiridae
Corophiidae Dana (1849), valid family but treated
herein under Corophiida
Dorbanellidae Schellenberg (1925b) = Dexaminidae
Dulichiidae Dana (1849) = Podoceridae
Hadziidae S. Karaman (1943) = Gammarida
Ingolfiellidae, not included
Isaeidae Dana (1855) = Corophiida
Ischyroceridae Stebbing (1899), valid family, treated
.
herein as Corophiida
Jassidae Stebbing (1906) = tschyroceridae
Lepechinellidae Schellenberg (1926a) = bexaminidae
Melitidae Bousfield (1973) = Gammarida
Metopidae Stebbing (1899a) = Stenothoidae
Neomegamphopidae Myers (1981d) = Corophiida
Niphargidae S. Karaman (1943) = Gammarida
Ochlesidae Stebbing(1910a)= hazily valid subfamily of
Iphimediidae
Paraleptamphopidae Bousfield (1983), see Eusiridae
herein
. Paramphithoidae Stebbing (1906) == Iphimediidae
Photidae Boeck (1872) = Corophiida
Pontogammaridae Bousfielct (1977) = Gammarida
Pontogeneiidae Stebbing (1906) = Eusiridae
Prophliantidae Nicholls (1939) = Dexaminidae
Pseudomegamphopidae Myers (1988) = Corophiida
Talitridae Rafinesque (1815), valid terrestrial family, not
included
Thaumatelsonidae Gurjanova (1938b) = Stenothoidae
Tironidae Stebbing (1906) = Synopiidae
Typhlogammaridae Bousfield (1977) = Gammarida
UiistidaeHurley (1963) = Lysianassidae
List 2. Families or family groups treated by Bamard &
Bamard (1983):
Anisogammaridae Bousfield, 1977
Argissidae Walker, 1904
Artesiidae Holsinger, 1980
Bogidiellidae Hertzog, 1936
Calliopiidae Sars, 1895 (= Gammarellidae)
Caspicolidae Birstein, 1945
Crangonyctidae Bousfield, 1973
Gammarellidae Bousfield, 1977 (= Calliopiidae)
Gammarida. complex
Gammaridae Leach, 1813
Gammaroporeidae Bousfield, 1979
Hadziidae S. Karaman; 1943
Hyalellidae Bulycheva, 1957
Macrohectopidae Sowinsky, 1915
Megaluropidae Thomas & Bamard, 1987a
Melitidae Bousfield, 1973
Melphidippidae Stebbing, 1899a
Mesogammaridae Bousfield, 1977
NeoniphargidaeBousfield, i 977
Niphargidae S. Karaman, 1943
Paracrangonyctidae Bousfield, 1982
Paramelitidae Bousfield; 1977
Perthiidae Williams & Barnard; 1988
Phreatogamfuaridae Bousfield, 1982
Pontogammaridae Bousfield, 1977
Pontoporeiidae Darta,_ 1853
Salentinellidae Bousfield, 1977
Typhlogammaridae Bousfield, 1971
The present compilation remains at best a stopgap.
Specialists recognise that much exploration and
discovery remain to be accomplished in the Amphipoda
(witness the numerous new taxa discovered since 1965
[when Bamard, 1969c was written]). Few specialists are
satisfied with current classification at familial levels.
Several genera remain confused, not only for. the lack
of clear description of their type species but for the
obviously erroneous inclusion of several of the species.
Few studies on variability have been published and the
criteria to be applied at generic and familial levels have
rarely been tested even -by dialectic means. Cladistic
studies at family and superfamily level were just being
started as late as 1986.
No radical changes in classification at family level are
proposed herein, but numerous problems are noted.
The purpose of this handbook is to assemble the families
and genera within a scheme that provides rapidly usable
(and thus simplified) means for their identification
regardless of their phyletic position. In this way the
keys coincide with the published literature at generic
level only and may be of greater help than would be
a brief, completely revised system, which might not stand
the test oftime. This work may be of greatest use to those
students who must make generic determinations of their
material without adequate library facilities; it should
restrict bibliographic needs to . small numbers of
publications which can be borrowed more easily than can
the entire literature. An index to the species of
Gammaridea (J.L. Bamard, 1958a, out of print) may be
of some help. An expanded and more useful index is now
in preparation. The index to species herein may be of
some help. Indispensable references remain: Stebbing
(1888, 1906), and Sars (1895).
Brief sections on distribution, faunules, and evolution
are presented in hopes of· stimulating further inquiry
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
into these fascinating but poorly studied topics. Our
knowledge of anatomy (especially musculature), functional
morphology, behaviour, food habits, indeed general
ecology, is rudimentary.
The identification system utilised herein requires
familiarity with a basic gammaridean plan similar to that
exemplified by some members of the Gammaridae. These
gammarids may be near the most primitive grade of living
Amphipoda; if not (see Bamard & Bamard, 1983 for other
ideas), we continue to find that they represent the best
basic 'outgroup' that fairly represents the full complexity
of primitivegammaridean amphipods. A knowledge of
their' structure is vital to an understanding" of the
unfolding of the complex network of specialisations
found in other gammaridean families. The lines of
evolution from gammarid-like ancestors, so ill understood,
are not only manifold but they confuse identification
procedures. Amphipoda are now well noted for their
general evolutionary plan which proceeds from
complex ancestral kinds to simplified derived kinds
bearing many reductions or losses of complexity. At times
the specialist is confronted with thefeeling that most of
the 'missing links' in Amphipoda are still alive. Only a
few families are so remote morphologically from the
basic gammaridean plan that they are instantly
recognisable because of their unusual synapomorphies.
The basic gammaridean is described, and illustrated in
Figs 1 and 2. Families other than the Gammaridae are
provided with short diagnoses which include only
definitive and exclusive differences from the basic
gammaridean. To some extent in this revision we have
tried to identify synapomorphies but we remain
constrained to identify many taxa by character
combinations that include symplesiomorphies. Some of
these diagnoses are identical among several families.
Those taxa are then further distinguished by comparison
of their descriptions which are noted as 'See' and by
reference to paragraphs on 'Relationships'. Part of each
diagnosis is a reference to a related (or superficially
similar) family.
Diagnostic characters of the families are illustrated in
a group of boxes (Figs 2-21). Instructions for identification
procedures using these tools are presented in the
following pages.
Not only do we present this work to aid in the
identification of gammaridean genera but we are keenly
interested in presenting chapters on morphology,
evolutionary trends, geographic distribution and
prospecti that are the direct outgrowth of our studies.
These discussions .are t~e l1a~ura~. output of working
taxonomists arid contain a great amount of original material
that results from a combined 65 man-years of taxonomic
study by the writers. We hope through these discussions
to illuminate many of the problems we have encountered,
to stimulate the interest of our colleagues .in pursuing
some of these matters which do not readily surface
within the context of the identification manual, and. to
recruit and enlist the interest of newcomers to this
burgeoning field of study, the taxonomy, systematics,
ecology and evolution of Amphipoda.
5
Because each of these §ubj~cts would require a book
of its own, our presentation Is strongly encapsulated
and devoid of citations so as not to overload our
bibliography with non-taxonomic works. Most of the
ideas are familiar to our colleagues who will understand
that the material is directed to the newcomer we are
trying to reach. Most of the statistical citations in our
biogeographic discussions are original and updated
from the 1969 version of this work.
Limitations
Search of the literature ceased on I July 1986 although
articles were occasionally added after that time if they
were easily absorbed into the context of the work.
Obviously, many articles in the 1984 to 1986 time period
may have been overlooked because of sluggish
abstracting sources.
Most of the illustrative work was 'accomplished' prior
to 1978 so that taxa added after about 1975, unless of
familial magnitude, are "not adequately represented in the
figures.
Acknowledgments
The same persons acknowledged by Bamard &
Bamard (1983) gave us the same impetus and assistance
for this work and . we .thank them wholeheartedly. At
Smithsonian Institution we must thank especially Janice
Clark who worked assiduously on our morphological and
key-construction problems and who, through great
expertise, helped design and regulate our computer
systems that handle infonnation. On the latter topic' we
must also thank Reginald Creighton who introduced both
Clark and Bamard into the world of the computer many
years ago. Over the years our laboratory assistants have
been Elizabeth ,B. Harrison, Wendy K. Brown, Margaret
B. Cairns, Patricia B. Crowe, Lori A. Jackintell, Marisa
Castagliola Consoli and Kimberly R. Cleary, and we owe
to them thanks for the dedicat~on and patience to expand
and maintain our control of the literature and distributions
of species; about 70% of the illustrations were created
by Carolyn Cox during the years 1975 to 1978; the maps
to geographic codes cited herein with each species and
published by Bamard & Bamard (1983) were created by
De~ra HOmer and<M~risaC.Con~oli in 1979, and
adapted for·this publication by.Helen . Stoddart and Tom
Trnski of the Australian Museum. LindaLutz· of
Vicksburg, Mississippi, put the final polish on figures that
had to be created after July 1986 to round out earlier
work.
We thank CharlineM. Bamard who in.1948 originally
designed the Crawford file system and created in 1970
the geographic listing methods employed 'by Bamard &
Bamard (1983) and herein.
We thank ··the following colleagues who ·gave
6
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
generously of their time and expertise in discussing
various problems with us or looking at parts of the
manuscript: Gloria Alonso (Argentina), Denise BellanSantini (France), Thomas E. Bowman (Washington, D.C.),
Margaret M. Drummond (Australia), J. Holsinger
(Virginia), Diana Laubitz (Canada), J.K. Lowry
(Australia), P.G. Moore (England), A.A. Myers (Ireland),
James Darwin Thomas (Florida), W. Vader (Norway), L.
Watling (Maine), and W.D. Williams (Australia).
We are indebted to our editors, Jim Lowry and Jenny
Gates, for their thorough and painstaking production of
our work.
We thank especially Richard S. Cowan and Porter M.
Kier, former directors of the Museum of Natural History
who provided funds for illustrations and much
encouragement from 1970 to 1978; David Challinor, former
Assistant Secretary for Science for funds and moral
support; and especially to S. Dillon Ripley, former
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, who for 20 years
supported this kind of work and its funding.
This study commenced in 1973. The first author is
ultimately responsible for the entire work because the
second author was not able. to read the later· drafts but
was able to complete his preliminary workup of the
following families before he had. to withdraw from the
project about 1981: Ampeliscidae, Amphilochidae,
Bateidae, Colomastigidae, Cressidae, Eusiridae,
Hyperiopsidae, Iphimediidae, Kuriidae, Leucothoidae,
Pardaliscidae, Pleustidae and Vitjazianidae. These were
revised after 1980 by the first author with new data found
in literature published after that date.
Methods and Terms
This construction is . . . based on an extensive
bibliography of the Gammaridea and a double-entry
system of species and genera citations which is crossreferenced to the bibliography. The double-entry
system, named the "Crawford-file-system" is the property
of the first author and takes its name from a citation system
used by certain research psychologists in the 1940's. The
card-slips include every citation in the literature to a
gammaridean as far as known since 1758. Principal
sources have been the "Zoological .Record", the
Smithsonian Library, the Library of Congress, many other
libraries· in America, Europe, Africa, Asia, New Zealand
and· Australia, the "Amphipod Newsletter" produced
through the good offices of benevolent colleagues W.
Vader. and L. Watling, and the gratuitous receipt of
articles sent to the first author since 1948 when the
citational systems· were commenced. The Crawford file
is a double entry system in which the nomenclature of
a species can be traced through a dup~icate file that
records any changes and cites the modem name of each
species and genus. Each valuable (taxonomically or
biogeographically pertinent) citation of gammaridean
amphipod species. published since 1758 is .printed on a
record slip which can be alphabetised and sorted. Each
slip bears the name of amphipod, author, date, pages,
figures and modem name. Much of this system has now
been computerised and similar new files were
commenced in 1978 that keep records on distribution of
each species. Record keeping of ·distributions is limited
to citations within the 'world-zone-system' put forth by
Bamard & Bamard (1983); that system divides the world
into 800 zones and then regroups the smaller zones into
200 larger zones. Bamard & Bamard (1983) did not
publish all of the possible zone applications because
Gammaridea do not occur in some of the smaller zones
nor have we divided our information into some of the
smaller, less useful zones as yet. Flexibility is still required
until a grasp of amphipod distributions has been
completed. All species have been assigned, at the
minimum, a group-zone code and we are now expanding
those files to record all of the minor zones in which a
species has been reliably recorded. The latter implication
refers to our inability to recheck all identifications and
our conservative attitude in temporarily rejecting
identifications that are geographically aberrant or
otherwise untrustworthy. Except for our own use of the
term 'zone' to identify our own constructs of regions in
our own computer files we try to constrain the use of
the word 'zone' herein to identify bathymetric
levels; we mix together zones, areas, and regions in
our biogeographic presentation by their selfexplanatory names; thus 'bathyal' is a zone of depth,
whereas 'Caribbean' is a region or area which, in
Barnard & Barnard (1983), is subdivided into
many arbitrary zones given 3-number identification
codes.
The literature of all known species of Gammaridea as
of July 1986 has therefore been inspected with the use
of the record keeping systems. The type species of each
genus has been determined and the original descriptions
plus subsequent expositions have been studied for each
genus. All other species have also been studied and an
attempt has been made to assign each to its proper genus.
However, we have not necessarily devoted any time to
determining species synonyms, rather we have spent time
simply determining the generic veracity of each species,
and we leave· it to others to determine the validity of
species which are not the type species of a genus. In
the past two or three decades improvements to amphipod
taxonomy have been so revolutionary that many early
descriptions of species have become almost worthless.
Ultimate clarification of many species must come now and
in the future from meticulous restudy of old materials in
the process of working out new generic monographs on
a global basis. This will require more specialisation in
so-called 'smaller' groups at generic level, in contrast to
faunistic studies at subordinal level.
Generic diagnoses are based on type species but
other species assigned to the genus may have anomalies
discussed under 'Variables' . Keys to genera within
families are structured around the type species of each
genus and are not perfectly attuned to the variations
of other species included with the genus in question.
The main key to families is also based on the type species
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
of each genus, as depicted in the literature, but a limitation
to the family key is that only about half of the genera
have been run through the family key on a trial basis.
Keys are fashioned so that some genera are found at
more than one endpointbecause one or more characters
might be variable or in contention. We therefore have
removed the normal 'part' designations from the taxa in
the keys because the word 'part' does not necessarily
mean that the genus has species divided into two or more
sections of the key. A genus may be found in several
places in a key for several reasons; one of the most
important reasons might be the difficulty of making a
value judgment about a character expressed in the
sequence leading to the endpoint.
We are able to improve the report by J.L. Bamard
(1969c) by widely expanding diagnoses of genera,
realigning many taxa, and reporting the names of all
species in each genus as best we can determine. The
citation for each species includes the original describer
and our selection of the best references to the species.
The appended number in brackets [000] refers to the
geographic' classification found by number or map in
Bamard & Bamard (1983).
Names of families are given authors and dates. A
synonymy for families is provided only where there are
problems to be noted such as misspellings, the presence
of more than one synonym, ot for certain recently
described families where sources might be apparent to
us but not to our readers. Superfamilial names are not
authored in our opinion and we doubt they are at family
level either.
Space saving devices: 'Sars' refers to G.O. Sars; the
G.O. is omitted except in the temporal vicinity of M. Sars
(1858), the only paper George Ossian Sars' father,
Michael Sars, wrote; initials for G.S. Karamanare omitted
because his father, Stanko Karaman, did not write marine
amphipod papers; initials of J.L. Bamard are omitted on
co-authored papers because K.H. Bamard did not coauthor any papers; 'et alia' is used on 3-author papers
except in some situations of ethics or courtesy; species
is written out, thus disguising plurality: plural cases are
shown as species(s).
Figures
Except for a few, the figures were completed in 1978.
They are labelled with capital letters for specific names
found in the legends or with lower case letters and
numbers found in the master Legend below. Figures 1
to 21 are labelled more extensively with names of families
and family groups in capitals and small· capitals and
morphological parts that are difficult to recognise are
labelled with lower case letters and numbers found in the
master Legend below.
To avoid crowding, morphological parts that are easily
recognisable are not labelled; the observer will soon
become familiar with the shapes of most mouthparts,
gnathopods, pereopods, urosomes and uropods by study
7
of Figure 1. For example a 3-lobate mouthpart is always
a maxilla 1 unless otherwise labelled; a 2-lobate mouthpart
is always a maxilla 2 unless otherwise labelled. Where
confusing, gnathopods and pereopods are labelled with
the numbers 1 through 7. Uropod 3, telson and labrum
are often labelled because of confusing appearances.
The sparsity of labels should provide good practice at
recognising morphological parts, a necessary skill in the
dissections, recognition of disjointed parts and use of
the literature.
Legend
Capital letters refer to specific names in each figure
legend. Numbers refer to metameric conditions. .Lower
case letters are as follows: a - antenna; b - prebuccal
lateral; c - coxa; calc - calceolus; d - dorsal; e - epimeron;
epi - epistome; f - accessory flagellum; g - gnathopod;
gg - gnathopods 1-2; h - head; i-inner; j - variable
letter described in pertinent figure legends, known as a
wild-card letter; k - raker spines of mandibles; I - lower
lip (labium); m - mandible; n - molar of mandible; 0 absent; 0 - outer; p - pereopod; q - cuticle; r - uropod;
s - maxilliped; t - telson; u - labrum or upper lip; ur urosome; v - ventral; w - palp; x - maxilla; y - pleopod;
z - gill.
Classification
Classification only at family level is attempted here.
This classification only validates the various families but
does not try to organise them into higher groups nor to
show any relationships other than superficial, often
convergent similarities that would give trouble to an
identifier. A classification at superfamily level has been
attempted by Bousfield (1977, 1978, 1983). Such students
as Bulycheva (1957), Bamard & Drummond (1982) and
J.L. Bamard (1972b, 1973b, 1974) have organised various
groups into superfamilies but as yet these are not
amenable to our system of keys and methods of
identification. The detection of a superfamily
identification· from a dissected specimen of amphipod is
rarely possible because in our opinion superfamily
concepts are more tenuous than those of families. Some
of the concepts are based solely on behaviour. Even at
family level, the identification ofsynapomorphic character
states limited to single families and amenable to gross
morphological analysis and rapid identification has not
been well established. Very few of the gross character
states we use in our keys are synapomorphies at familial
level and therefore we propose no classification from our
keys nor assignments to superfamilies. To reiterate, our
presentation is simply an artificial way to identify genera
by using gross characters easy to observe. For these
reasons we have written keys with endpoints at families
or family groups.
8
Records of the
Status of
~U'H.J.ajlJ.aJ.l
Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Systematics
species in about 1060 genera are
known
in
Gammaridea. Of these about 1200
species in 235 genera are of freshwater provenance, but
many of those genera also are marine. The rate of
description of new species continues unabated and, at
110 per year, well exceeds the average description of
40 per year that occurred between 1906 and 1956. Since
1965 (when J.L. Bamard, 1969c was written) our
knowledge of faunas has increased immensely. The
following faunistic works have been issued: Great Britain
(Lincoln, 1979a), New England (Bousfield, 1973),
Mediterranean (Ruffo, 1982+), Madagascar (Ledoyer,
1982b, 1986), Fiji (Myers, 1985c), New Zealand intertidal
(J.L. Bamard, 1972b), Hawaii shallow water (J.L.Barnard,
1970a), and South Africa (Griffiths, 1976). The magnificent
work of Sars (1895), supported by that of Chevreux &
Fage (1925), and the works by Lincoln (1979a) and Ruffo
(1982+) now bring the west European faunule into almost
complete definition. Ruffo is about to issue his final part
of the Mediterranean monograph. Unfortunately, the
excellent taxonomic status of north Atlantic amphipods has
not been well exploited in making advances in ecological,
physiological and genetical studies, although many of
those special studies so far undertaken have been
pursued in the north-eastern Atlantic. In contrast, some
very sophisticated work has been undertaken in
freshwater amphipodsof Europe (see details in Barnard
& Barnard, 1983).
Intensive work has been accomplished in antarctic
seas (see Lowry & Bullock, 1976, for catalogue) but
the f~una there needs to be placed on a Sarsian basis
with full illustrations and descriptions. The works of
Chevreux (1906c, 1912b) are notable for that region, but
numerous sticky problems resulting from other s~udies
have not been clarified there. Excellent modem works
by Bellan~Santini, Ledoyer and Thurston, and valuable
revisions at family and subfamily level by Watling (and
Holman), and Lowry (and Stoddart) have cleared up
many tangles.
The remaining faunas besides western Europe, South
Africa, New England, Hawaii, Fiji and Madagascar are
poorly known. Although an imbalanced emphasis on· the
deepsea was occurring in the early 1960's that activity
has collapsed.
Since 1965 the number of active marine systematists has
increased substantially. Notable marine or anchialine
productivity has be~n accomplished by Andres, BellanSantini, 'Bousfield, Conlan,Dickinson, Drummond,
Griffiths, Just, Karaman, Krapp-Schickel, Ledoyer,
Lincoln, Lowry, Moore; Myers, Rabindranath, Ruffo,
Stock, Stoddart, Thomas, Thurston and Barnard.
Notable contributions to classifications have come from
the pens of De Broyer, Laubitz, Olerod" Tzvetkova and
Watling. Other active new workers at press-time are:
Alonso, Dauvin, Hirayama, Ishimaru, Kamihira and
Morino.
Morphological Terminology
The taxonomic presentation of gammaridean
morphology is almost always stated in subjective terms:
in words and phrases which, through experience,
taxonomists have come to understand and visualise easily,
but "'which are difficult to convey with mensurative
precision. There is no current solution to this difficulty
but taxonomists may eventually be able to compile an
illustrated handbook in which all possible shapes and
relative proportions can be figured, named and coded.
Drs J.K. Lowry and J.L. Barnard are in the process of
compiling this atlas. Identifications may then be amenable
to mechanical analysis and stored in computer memories
and accessed rapidly by a 'mouse'. Meanwhile, one must
work with terms such as 'strong, large, small, feeble,
weak, minute, elongate, shortened' and various adjectives
with the modifier 'sub', such as 'subquadrate' and '
subacute'. We have used these terms throughout this
handbook, but have attempted to provIde illustrations as
a demonstration of their extent, because" the degree
varies in the different families. A Glossary is provided.
For example, gnathopods of the genus Apherusa are
'feeble' in comparison to those of its analogue Calliopius,
but they are scarcely as feeble as the gnathopods of the
Iphimediidae. The term 'subacute' apparently has come
to mean a shape that has the overall appearance of
sharpness but which terminally is softly rounded. The
term 'subconical' apparently refers to 'a 2-dimensional,
rather than a geometric cone but the adjective is not
necessarily synonymous with 'subacute', for a subconical
process may have a subacute apex. The term 'quadrate'
has often been applied to a squared-off shape' of, an
otherwise imperfect rectangle or in simpler fashion as
reference to one pair ,of sides occurring at right angles
to each other. 'Subquadrate' should refer to sides not
precisely at right angles' to each other but also seems to
have reference to a quadrate shape with softly rounded
corners and imperfect squares.
The terms 'vestigial' and 'rudimentary' have their uses,
for a mathematical definition in each case might be more
involved, confusing and time consuming, than is the
process of learning these conditions through trial and
error.
A decision as to whether a gnathopod is simple or
subchelate is occasionally difficult to make and
definitions to classify all borderline cases are almost
impossible to compose. There are no terms to describe
all of the stages between fully subchelate and fully simple
and gammaridean students may eventually encounter
difficulties arising from dogmatic use of such all-or-none
terms. For example, two subfamilies of Lysianassidae
have been described which are partly based on a
subchelate or simple gnathopod 1, but there are several
borderline cases and several genera in one ' subfamily
which seem to have stronger a;ffinitieswith genera in
the other subfamily than with members of their own
group. The contrast between the concepts of cleft telson
and entire telson is far, too strong to describe all
intermediate stages and the two terms tend to' condition
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
the human observer to a reliance on the alternatives as
highly significant, whereas numerous exceptions to this
significance are apparent (e.g., the outdated differences
between Eusiridae and Calliopiidae).
We have not standardised our use of terms such as
'carpus' (article 5) and 'propodus' (article 6) of thoracic
legs and often refer to them as articles 5 and 6. The
literature is not standardised on this usage and the
identifier must know all systems in any event. Many other
terms, for example 'pereonite' (thoracic segment), are not
used consistently for the same reasons. We have,
however, used the term 'article' consistently for the
division of an appendage and restricted the.· word
'segment' to identify a division of the body or soma. We
have not. followed such suggestions as the remaking of
references to setae and we continue to differentiate
between a thin flexible seta (= 'seta') and a thick
inflexible seta (= 'spine'). This does not follow common
practice as found in Decapoda, for example, but follows
a century of practice in amphipod taxonomy.
Names for the gammaridean abqomen and its parts
are not standardised. All six segments of the abdomen
are frequently called the 'pleon', but 'pleonites' 4 to 6
are often called 'urosome' and numbered as 'urosomites'
(,uronites') 1 to 3. Pleonites 1 to 3 are rarely called the
'metasome' but. frequently are called the 'mesosome'.
However, the term 'hlesosome' should be synonymous
with pereon.
Shape and proportion. in seemingly infinite array are
often more important to the taxonomist than· are
qualitative and numerical expressions,· but one day we
may be able to convert shape and proportion to precise
formulations.
Morphology ora Gammaridean Amphipod
Amphipods, like tanaids and isopods, lack a carapace
covering the thorax, so that seven definitive thoracic
segments (pereonites) are visible (as in other Peracarida
the 'old' first thoracic segment with its appendage
[maxillipedl has become fused to the head). Gammaridean
and hyperiidean Amphipoda may be recognised by their
possession of three pairs of pleopods (swimmerets) and
two or three pairs of uropods on the pleon (abdomen).
The fairly consistent presence of at least six pairs of
thoracic appendages, five-plus pairs of gills and four pairs
of brood lamellae in females are definitive characters of
Gammaridea and Hyperiidea.
The condition of the head in the Gammaridea is highly
variable and thus useful to the taxonomist, but its
morphology is often left undescribed. The 'basic'
gammaridean generally has the head about as long as
1.5 pereonites but it varies in different families and their
genera from much shorter than the first pereonite to as
long as the first three pereonites combined. The elongate
head is especially noticeable in the Ampeliscidae,
Phoxocephalidae (including the visor-like rostrum),
Synopiidae and Oedicerotidae. In the latter two families
the head is considered 'massive' because it is not only
9
elongate but very deep. Other families, such as the
Stegocephalidae may have deep heads but they are
much shorter than the first three pereonites combined.
Recognition of Synopiidae is almost fully dependent on
the final confirmation of a 'massive' head. Most members
of that group have a massive head primarily because
pereonites 1 to 3 are so short that the .head appears
relatively large by comparison.
The absence of eyes is rarely of taxonomic concern
other than at the specific level; indeed several· sublittoral
oculate species are known to have eyeless populations
in bathyal depths.
The presence and/or condition of the cephalic
rostrum is only occasionally conservative at the familial
level (e.g., Phoxocephalidae, Synopiidae). Its presence
is of relatively uniform value at the generic level
(example of an exception is Bathymedon) and its shape
is .often of good specific value.
Antennae - the head bears two pairs of antennae. The
first three articles of the first pair are known as the
peduncle, the remaining smaller articles the flagellum. In
some groups of amphipods a callynophore (Lowry, 1986)
occurs at the base of the flagellum. The callynophore may
be present in the male and female or only in the male.
It is located medially and usually contains many tranverse
rows of aesthetascs which group together to form a brush.
In many species an accessory flagellum demonstrates the
biramous derivation of the·· appendage; when present, it
sprouts from the end of the· third peduncular article and
may be elongate or reduced. Although appearing to be
of minor importance, the condition of the accessory
flagellum is crucial to amphipod systematics and is useful
especially at familial and generic levels. The second
antennae bear five peduncular· articles, followed by a
single flagellum. The flagella of both antennalpairs may
bear, especially in males, sensory appendages, such as
aesthetascs and calceoli. Male antennae often. are longer
than those of females.
Frequently families and genera have been defined as
lacking accessory flagella and then have been shown to
have some members bearing extremely small I-articulate
pieces. Allowance should be made by the observer so
as to admit to genera and families those species . . with
microscopic remnants of accessory flagella that have
heretofore been overlooked.
Calceoli are tiny sense organs attached to the antennae.
They have been surveyed by Lincoln & Hurley (1981)
who found at least nine kinds which can be correlated
with nine different family or superfamily groups.
However, the majority of amphipod genera and species
have lost their calceoli and so calceoli are almost useless
except to the phylogeneticist.
The mouthparts are composed·· of the following
structures; they are highly variable intergenerically and
their morphology is important fOf classification:
Upper lip -'- a single lobe or flap anterior to the mouth.
In about 10% of .known species the anterior cephalic
surface above the upper lip (labrum) is produced into a
point, keel, or lobe known as the epistome. Its function
is unknown. In a few families, especially Lysianassidae,
10
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
the upper lip has a keel projecting anteriorly and usually
separated from the epistomal region by a deep slit or
sinus. Occasionally both epistoIlle and upper lip are
produced together and occasionally they are fully
amalgamated.
Lower lip - a bilaterally symmetrical complex forming
a partition behind the mouth. Also known as a labium, the
lower lip is composed of at least a pair of lateral lobes,
having their lateral extremities produced, often acutely
and often bearing apicomedially a tiny cusp enclosing
the meatus of a salivary duct. About half of the known
gammarideans has a pair of medial lobes on the lower
lip.
Mandibles...,... a pair. of appendages attached lateral to
the mouth; with the upper and lower lips they form a box
around the mouth, permitting buccal closure. The
mandibles are powerful and difficult to remove because
of their large muscles. Mandibles generally have their
anterodistal ends (incisors) cut into a series of teeth for
biting; just proximal to the distal teeth may be an
articulated process, also toothed, the lacinia mobilis
(accessory plate) which may occur on only one or none
of the mandibles. A molar with a grinding surface often
occurs on the medioventral surface of the mandible. It
may be ridged and toothed (triturative), or smooth, or be
completely absent, especially . in inquilinous amphipods
having the mandibles elongated for 'piercing and
sucking'. (Recently, so-called piercing and sucking
amphipods of the family Anamixidae, have been
determined to be specialised filter feeders, the function
of filtering being transfered to antennae, maxillipeds and
gnathopods in the piercing and sucking stage). Most
Gammaridea. have a 3-articulate palp attached to the
dorsolateral surface of the mandible, the palp being used
to clean the bases of the antennae. Its absence is
moderately frequent and often of familial importance,
but its reduction· to two or one articles is uncommon.
First maxillae - these are situated posterior to the lower
lip. This pair of appendages is small, each bearing a
medial free lobe, an outer lobe with heavy spines, and
attached to the outer lobe a palp composed of one or
two articles, occasionally reduced in size or absent.
Second maxillae - these are two pairs of lobes behind
the first maxillae, each composed of simple medial and
lateral plates, occasionally reduced to one plate or absent,
rarely with the outer lobe attached to the inner by a basal
geniculation or extension.. Basal articles of maxillae.and
maxillipeds are present but rarely. are of taxonomic
importance. The presence or absence of an oblique row
of setae on· the dorsal face of the inner plate often has
strong. taxonomic significance.
Maxillipeds - one pair of appendages posterior to the
maxillae, each side of the maxilliped is formed of an
inner (proximal) lobe, an outer (distal) lobe and a palp
of two to four articles, rarely absent in Gammaridea, but
always absent in the pelagic and often inquilinous
Hyperiidea and in cyamid Caprellidea. Some species of
the Iphimediidae (Ochlesinae), lacking such palps, are
assigned to the Gammaridea on the basis of their
resemblance to Gammaridea in other morphological
features and their supposed benthic habits. In
peracaridan phylogeny the maxillipeds were originally
the first pair of thoracic legs, but they have become
incorporated into the cephalic complex; in some talitrids
such as Orchestoidea, the lines of fusion of this thoracic
segment to the head are still apparent but in most
amphipods such external demarcation is obscure.
Pereon (thorax) - almost invariably bears seven pairs
of legs. The first two pairs are called gnathopods (or
gamopods) and usually are prehensile, having the
seventh article (dactyl) folded back on the sixth article
(propodus, hand or palmar article). Rarely in gnathopod
1 is there sexual dimorphism but the male often has
greatly enlarged second gnathopods. In some
gammaridean groups an enlarged gnathopod 2 is used
primarily for grasping the female during copulatory
amplexus. The
male mounts the dorsal side of the
female, projects the gnathopods around her body and
hooks them into her fifth coxae. The pair of animals then
swims, darts among algae, or rests until the female molts
(possibly as much as three days after amplexus), at which
time the male emits spermatophores (sacs of spermatozoa)
that pass from the ventral side of his seventh pereon
segment into the pouch formed by the female brood
lamellae. Ecdysis of the female is taking place during this
time period and immediately thereafter she lays eggs
through two genital pores on the sternite of thoracic
segment 5. The pores normally are so small and heavily·
chitinised that the eggs cannot be laid until ecdysis occurs
and the pore openings become soft and pliable. How the
spermatophores pass from male to female is unknown
but they may be assisted by gnathopods or pereopods.
The ventral side of pereonite 7 in the male bears two
minute penial projections, often spinose. Occasionally
they are hidden by small gills attached to the coxae of
this segment.
Studies since 1965 have discovered more and more
uses for an enlarged male gnathopod 2,particularly threat
display and specialised feeding. A seemingly endless
variety of gnathopodal shapes may reflect the numerous
functions of these appendages.
Within a genus of gammaridean amphipods, the
taxonomic recognition of species often depends on the
shape of male, gnathopod 2; hence, it is difficult to
identify females specifically because taxonomists have not
studied minute differences in females and made them
basic to identification. Unfortunately no improvement in
this situation· has occurred since 1965 and it has indeed
grown worse because more and more taxa have been
described in which females have not been subjected to
rigorous identification (the worst example is the
recognition of male Anamixidae all having a
Leucothoides-morph which is essentially unidentifiable at
specific level). The second gnathopods of juveniles and
females often are alike; during maturation the male
second gnathopods commence an increase in size and
a morphological differentiation, with changes taking place
during each instar, even long after the attainment of
sexual maturity. This has resulted occasionally in
taxonomic confusion because some of these instars
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
have been described as distinct species. A few species
are known to have radically distinct phenotypes
especially in the terminal male. Dominance in
gnathopodal size and complexity occasionally is shifted
to gnathopod 1 (axial reversal, example aoroid
Corophioidea).
Thoracic appendages have seven articles (segments),
the proximal member of which is the coxa or sideplate.
A few gammarideans (e.g., Bateidae) have reduced
numbers of articles on various thoracic appendages.
Coxae are of greater taxonomic importance in
gammaridean Amphipoda than in most other
Malacostraca and in many species are structurally more
an integral part of the trunk than simply an article of
the appendage. They resemble ventral pleuron-like
extensions of segments and thereby contribute to the
appearance of lateral compression in the body plan.
They are numbered from one to seven, with numbers
1 and 2 belonging with gnathopods 1 to 2 and numbers
3 to 7 with pereopods 3 to 7.
Gills - thoracic and generally attached to the medial
surfaces of coxae 2 to 7, occasionally only on 2 to 6, or
3 to 6 and 3 to 5. Gill structures have been used
occasionally for specific and generic distinctions but their
conditions have been ignored in most Gammaridea and
require extensive study. Gills are often well known in
those genera in which accessory tube-like branchial
appendages have been discovered or where the
primary gills are extraordinarily plaited or folded.
Male reproductive appendages generally occur· as a
small pair of projections of the seventh pereonal sternite;
occasionally they are spinose. Other sternal teeth, keels
and flanges appear to be of rare occurrence (e.g.,
Aoridae, Eophliantidae).
Oostegites - in females the medial surfaces of coxae
2 to 5 (or 3 to 4 only) carry brood lamellae (oostegites).
They are simple buds in young females, but as body
growth proceeds they become longer and more heavily
setose and are interlocked by their setae to form a cradle
(brood pouch) enclosing the eggs. As the female
increases in age and size, the number of eggs laid after
each molt becomes larger. Some amphipods lay such
large yolky eggs that a young female can carry only one
of them; at terminal growth she may be able to carry three
or four. Not all of the extruded eggs hatch; mortality of
about 25 to 50% may occur even before hatching; stunted
degenerating eggs often'may be seen in the broods (as
well as commensals such as spherical choniostomatid
copepods and reniform ostracods). Some large
Amphipoda lay and carry more than 200 eggs at a time.
Brood lamellae of the female, like gills, also have been
largely ignored taxonomically although a great deal of
variation occurs in their shape, setosity, and terminal
ornamentation of the setae. They and the gills may be
of assistance in tracing phylogenetic relationships
among families and superfamilies of Gammaridea.
Commencing with· leg 3, .the thorftcic appendages are
termed pereopods (walking legs), so that five pairs of
thoracic legs represent pereopods (many·· . specialists
commence numbering pereopods with gnathopod 1).
11
There is justification in distinguishing gnathopods by
name because of their specialisation in analogy to the
pereopods of other Crustacea (e.g., posterior maxillipeds
of decapods). Pereopods 3 to 4 are useful in cleaning
the gnathopods and other anterior appendages and as
a balance when alighting from a swim. The last three
pairs appear rather immobile and less adapted for walking
than in isopods. Many amphipods are poorly balanced
for walking, hence their mobility usually depends on
swimming. Their body plan, however, permits a motility
(hence the common name 'scuds' for amphipods)
through dense masses of hydroids and algae. Amphipoda
with large coxae (large lateral shield) often swim
sideways, resulting in the old appellation 'side swimmers'
for amphipods. Perhaps this is one of the reasons why
amphipods are one of the most abundant macroscopic
crustacean groups in algae and other anastomoses.
Some Amphipoda living on the sea bottom have
immensely elongated pereopods, which, are spread out
in the fashion of a spider and prevent the amphipod from
sinking into the mud. To lower the centre of gravity the
body of the amphipod hangs upside down in its cradle
of legs or the amphipod uses them to dig . quickly into
the substrate and form a food particle trap (for example,
Gibberosus).
A few families of Gammaridea have the habit of
burrowing into benthic sediments and their pereopods
are armed densely with. strong spines which aid in
burrowing. Elongate flexible setae, as well as stiff spinelike setae may occur on pereopods 5 to 7 of fossorial
Amphipoda. Even though a few other nonfossorial
Amphipoda, such as Ampeliscidae, have these elongate
setae, the term 'fossorial pereopods' is usefully applied
to the condition. The Glossary contains a moderately
precise definition of fossorial pereopods.
Six or seven.families of amphipods construct dwelling
tubes. All of these are placed here in the Corophiida
except for the Ampeliscidae. The cylindrical or flattened
tubes are spun from strands of material (' silk') secreted
and probably manipulated by pereopods 3 to 4. The
tubes may be limp (Ampelisca) and lay prone on the
bottom or they may be stiff and erect and attached to
rocks (Photis) or stuffed into the substrate (Cerapus). Mud
is occasionally used to ·reinforce the walls of the erect
tubes but Cerapus can build stiff tubes from organic
matter cemented by amphipod silk.
Glands of domiciliary Amphipoda appear· to be
concentrated mainly, if not exclusively, in pereopods 3
to 4. They are found most heavily concentrated in article
2, often in article 4 and occasionally in other articles.
Glands usually appear to be composed of densely
packed, 'yolky' tissue, often posterior to the main muscles
of article 2, often ,composed of morula-like bodies, and
often of different colour than. the muscles. or other tissues,
even in specimens preserved in alcohol; they are
frequently yellow, ochre, orange or purple. Apparently
a duct carries the secretion to a meatus located
subterminally on the dactyl. The meatus is very difficult
to see and not limited to domiciliary Gammaridea
because many other· Amphipoda seem to have a dactylar
12
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
meatus. but lack conspicuous glands. The presence of
these glands may be a useful clue by assisting in the
identification of several genera in Ischyroceridae,
Corophiidae and Ampithoidae that otherwise resemble
nondomiciliary Amphipoda. Complete reliance cannot be
made on them as familial characters, for all members of
domiciliary families do not necessarily' have glandular
pereopods and very few species have actually been
examined for their presence. Some phoxocephalids,
haustoriids, and argissids have conspicuous glands in
pereopods 3 to 7 and in the posterior body.
Most domiciliary amphipods, except for the
Ampeliscidae, have ,somewhat depressed bodies,
shortened pereopods, and have better crawling ability
than do non-tube builders. They can be observed
emerging from their closely crowded tubes, their
antennae apparently being used digitally in a search for
particles of food.· Ampeliscid amphipods lie upside down
in their tubes and project their strongly setose antennae
as filtering organs through a slit in the tube. A few
benthic gammarideans have been reported as predators
largely on tiny prey but some pelagic amphipods catch
lc;lrge prey. Scattered species in many families have
prehensile adaptations on pereopods apparently for
clinging to hosts and substrate or for catching prey.
After. hatching, youngamphipods are like adults
(Amphipoda do not have larvae as do most crustaceans)
and are carried about for a few hours or days in the
brood pouch. In the early stages molting and growth are
rapid; a young amphipod may first molt, while still in the
brood pouch, within a day or two after hatching. As
growth proceeds rates of molting and growth decrease,
so that adults may molt every 20 to 30 days and in some
striking instances only every six months or so. Few
amphipods have been studied for their molting rates; of
those examined it has .' been determined that sexual
maturity is often reached at about the sixth molt
(commencing the seventh instar); the animals are fertile
yet the secondary sexual characters are rudimentary;
male .gnathopods may be, poorly developed and
oostegites are just beginning to develop in the female.
Some amphipods are known to live through at least 13
instars, the females laying a brood of eggs during the last
five or six or·' in alternative instars; however, terminal
adult females (gerontics) may lose their brood plates,
apparently .fail to lay eggs, and develop aberrances· of
an andromorphic nature. Occasionally, these stages have
been described as distinct species; .they are sometimes
called intersexes but transformational hermaphrodites are
now known. A few species reflect both sexes in their
secondary sexual characteristics.
Many Amphipoda have the unfortunate habit of eating
their exoskeletons after ecdysis so .that it is difficult to
trace their molting sequence in the laboratory. One must
watch them continuously in order to obtain ecdysial
casts. Because the average' instar appears to last about
two weeks, the average .maximum length of life is
expected to exceed six months but a few species in polar
and deep-sea regions are estimated to live five or more
years. Often the structure of·the next instarmay be seen
within an appendage. Such replication within the present
organ can be confusing to taxonomists and lead to the
description of supernumerary parts.
Pleopods - are paired biramous appendages on the
first three segments of the pleon, the rami multisegmented and strongly setose. Minllte coupling hooks
on the medial edges of the peduncles are used to engage
the pairs of pleopods for coordinated paddling.
Amphipoda usually are good swimmers. Even burrowing
amphipods swim well and phoxocephalid males have the
habit of leaving their burrows at night and swimming to
the sea surface from depths as great as 100 in. They will
swarm around a light suspended in the water and there
is some evidence of lunar periodicity in this behaviour.
They may be ascending in search of females even
though the latter rarely swim to a night-light. Such
swimming behaviour may be a dispersal mechanism,
especially in groups having a low proportion of males.
Some pelagic species apparently undergo great vertical
migration; several deep-sea amphipods caught at night
near the surface have been found to have alimentary
tracts full of benthic sediments. Occasional deep-sea
amphipods not yet proved to be vertical migrators have
been found in seabird crops.
Variation in pleopods is rarely of sufficient extent to
be used in generic or familial definitions except for
Phliantidae, Talitroidea and some Corophiidae. Pleopodal
morphology, nevertheless, has been neglected and
may afford some help in taxonomic distinctions.
Urosome - there is justification in restricting the term
pleon.(= pleosome, metasome or inacourately mesosome)
to the first three abdominal segments bearing pleopods
and utilising the term urosome for the last three abdominal
segments bearing uropods. 'All' Malacostraca have at
least one pair of uropods, that pair of appendages on
abdominal segment 6. Malacostracans generally have five
pairs of pleopods on segments 1 to 5, but in
noncaprellidean amphipods the appendages of segments
4 and 5 resemble the terminal uropod"'and thus are called
uropods 1 and 2. Uropods in many malacostracans are
still used for swimming although in different fashion from
pleopods, but uropods 1 to 2 in Amphipoda appear to be
used primarily for strengthening the caudal portion of the
body to permit jumping or flipping by rapid flexion of
the urosome. Occasionally armaments on uropods 1 to 2
are used to facilitate ecdysis of anterior appendages. In
many Gammaridea, the third uropods still bear
'swimming' setae, and may be used for paddling or as
rudders. Males especially have natatory third uropods.
But the vast majority of Gammaridea probably do not
use the third uropod for active swimming and the
appendage is often reduced or occasionally absent· in
sedentary species. Caprellidea have lost all but a vestige
of the abdomen and its appendages.
Telson - a. flap attached to the sixth pleonite above
the anus. It is of primary taxonomic value, depending
on whether it is cleft into two lobes, fused into a single
flap, elongate, fleshy, or ornate.
In comparison to crustacean groups such as .the
Isopoda, the body plan· of the 'Gammaridea is
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
conservative. Examples of extreme deviation from the
laterally compressed body with enlarged coxal plates
occur in a few families in which the body has become
dorsally depressed (Corophiidae, Cheluridae,
Podoceridae). Two. or more of the urosomal segments
have become fused in the. Arnpeliscidae, Cheluridae,
Dexaminidae and Kuriidae. Coxae have become
deformed or enlarged in some Lysianassidae, Stilipedidae
and .Hyperiopsidae. The. body is shortened and
puliciforin in some Haustoriidae and immensely globular
in some Lysianassidae. In the Podoceridae .the firSt
urosomal segment has become elongated and in the
Eophliantidae and Colomastigidae the body becomes
subcylindrical as in tanaids.
Major ornaments, of taxonomic value generally at
the specific level, include the frequent occurrence of a
rostrum, the differentiation of lateral cephalic lobes, the
presence of processes on the peduncles of the
antennae (especially the Iphimediidae and lepechinellid
Dexaminidae), and the cuspidation of the pleonal
epitnera. Dorsal ornamentation is most common among
cold-water Gammaridea and occurs in the form of teeth
and .cusps on the pereonites and pleonites. The first
urosomite is often ornamel1ted even in genera without
other display.
Morphological Evolution of the Amphipoda
Amphipoda comprise four unusual suborders: (1) the
Gammaridea, primarily benthic, with perhaps 20% pelagic
and demersal species, but having apparently radiated a
half dozen or more times into a gradational suborder; (2)
the Hyperiidea, marked by fully pelagic (free or
inquilinous) habits; (3) the Caprellidea (skeleton shrimps
or 'marine praying mantises'), perhaps evolved from
podocerid gammarideans, characterised by extremely
thin tubular bodies, reduction in abdomen, reduction in
two pairs of pereopods, increased cephalisation and
primarily adapted to a sedentary life in epifaunal
anastomoses, but through secondary body depression
within the caprellidean scheme (like Temnophlias in the
gammaridean scheme) the cetacean ectoparasites
Cyamidae evolved, essentially comprising a fifth major
group of Amphipoda; and finally (4) the Ingolfiellidea,
apparently undergoing development in association with
troglobitic conditions but occasionally returning to
marine niches yet open to those organisms with
vestigial pleopods, often bearing cephalic 'ocular' scales
and with, perhaps· other special ecological adaptations.
Some workers place Ingolfiellidea in the Gammaridea.
Even .though Amphipoda have radiated into more
than 120 families the major diversity can probably be
visualised in terms ·of about 25 kinds. Some of these
typological centres may be described by the following
adjectives: corophioid, ingolfiellid, caprellid, cyamid, six
kinds of hyperiid, gammaridan, haustorioid, eusirid,
liljeborgiid, lysianassid, colomastigid, eophliantid,
phliantid, talitroid, stenothoid, amphilochid-leucothoid,
13
ampeliscid-dexaminid, iphimediid, stegocephalid,
synopiid and pardaliscid.
Certain outgrowths of these centres form radical
morphs but they fail to qualify as typological centres
because (1) their relationships are not discontinuous or
(2) they have not radiated strongly. The Cheluridae are
an example of a radical morph with presumed
relationships to other Corophioidea and low internal
diversity; they. are not considered as a typological centre.
The Colomastigidae, though of low diversity, have
discontinuous relationships with other Amphipoda and
are, therefore, considered as a typological centre. The
eusirids (not necessarily the type genus) have clear
relationships to another centre but have radiated so
strongly that they must be considered a typological
group, even though they are as presently composed,
clearly polyphyletic. Our concept of these centres on
current knowledge is weak and open to extensive
revision as we come to understand the micromorphology,
anatomy, and chemistry of the various Amphipoda.
On numerous .occasions parallel adaptations and
cOIlvergent evolution have resulted in similar but
independently derived functional morphologies in
~Amphipoda. These concern cylindricalisation of bodies
(Eophliantidae, Podoceridae, Colomastigidae),
cylindricalisation of heads (Cheluridae and
Eophliantidae), dorsoventral flattening of body
(Ternnophlias, Podocerus and Cyamidae), development
of tube building glands (Ampeliscidae and Corophioidea),
loss of maxillipedal palps (Hyperiidea, some Ochlesinae,
Cyamidae, and some Lysianas'sidae), and in many minor
ways. But, for example, the diversity does have a
measure of constriction in that Amphipoda have never
evolved as fully as· have the Copepoda into numerous
parasitic modes nor are'there many rapacious or errant
predator amphipods in the benthic realm. Predators do
occur in the nektonic Hyperiidea and Gammaridea but
none of the former and few of the latter have returned
to a benthic orientation. Several benthic .Gammaridea
have lately been shown to be predators but their prey
is extremely small (e.g. copepods). Although few Isopoda
have any degree of lateral compression, whereas many
Gammaridea do have dorsoventral depression,· the
Isopoda would seem to be the more highly diversified
because they· have cylindrical representatives (Astacilla)
and fully evolved parasites (Epicaridea). In contrast, the
Amphipoda are far more diverse than certain other
orders of Peracarida, such as the Cumacea ·and the
Tanaidacea. Thirteen families of Gammaridea alone are
more or less inquilinous.
Various members of the Gammaridae (more properly
the section Gammarida) have been considered at times
as the most primitive of living amphipods. Ba:rnard &"
Barnard (1983: 8,25) present the alternative view that
Corophiida could just· as well be the primitive root of
Amphipoda. Gammarida (and some primitive Corophiida)
display most of the basic gammarideanmorphology but
the strong development of the lateral shield (Gurjanova,
1962: 11-26), composed of coxae or pereopodalwings in
many gammarids, suggests that they have strongly
14
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
differentiated from a precursor lacking such a shield.
If pereopodal tube-spinning glands represent a
secondary development in Amphipoda, then many of
the corophioid genera that might be considered as
close to a shieldless precursor, have probably undergone
a secondary reversion by a reduction of the lateral
shield. Other groups with reduced lateral shield
(Eophliantidae, Podoceridae, Colomastigidae) apparently
do not stand close to the primitive amphipod model
because of vastly modified mouthparts or of so-called
pygidisation, the solidification of the urosome and its
appendages by segmental coalescence or loss of
uropodal rami and peduncles. Of course, other
peracarids without lateral shield may also have tubespinning glands (tanaidaceans) and the primitive
amphipod may have been in the glandular line, but we
consider this only a coincidence and not good evidence
of origins. There are sufficient intergrades in telsonic
morphology between corophioids and gammarids to make
this evolutionary direction very attractive. Several
corophioids are almost· perfect replicas of the basic
gammaridean except for their fleshy telsonic nobs. One
has to balance at least three alternatives, (1) whether the
coalesced,telson represents a full segment lost in
phylogeny or (2) whether the lobed telson of gammarids
represents a pair of appendages long lost, or (3) neither.
This problem is fundamental to other crustacean orders
and one is impressed that the uncleft, solid telson is the
most common, thus suggesting· that it is either more
primitive or at least more successful functionally. The
telson in Amphipoda is not a conservative feature by any
means, and our understanding of it as an evolutionary
marker will not be clarified until we understand its
function. Several cycles of morphological development,
whether by advancement or regression are apparent. If
the fleshy corophioid telson develops lobes in advanced
species then it would be difficult to distinguish from
poorly lobed or entire 'subfleshy' members of the
Gammarlda. Extreme flattening, full clefting and
elongation then occur in other gammaridans and various
derived families, but coalescence of the lobes and
shortening occur again and again. In some haustorioids
the telsonic lobes become fully disjunct basally, each lobe
appearing as a vestigial appendage.
The complete pygidisation of most gammarideans, in
the sense· of having the last three pairs of abdominal
appendages formed into relatively inflexible, posteriorly
directed uropods, obstructs our detection of an ancestor
in any other living order of Peracarida, where only the
final pair of appendages is formed into uropods. The
reduction or loss of uropods, pleopods, and most of the
abdomen in Caprellidea is clearly a secondary
development. Several good intergrades occur in this
procession from Gammaridea to Caprellideain such taxa
as the Podocerinae, Caprogammaridae and Cercops, a
caprellidean. Most Caprellidea further have thoracic
somite 2 (free segment 1 of other Amphipoda) coalesced
with the head, and have a reduction in pereopods 3 to
4, gills and brood plates. If the lateral shield or its
functional substitute by means of tubicoly, serve as partial
protection for brood and gills in Gammaridea, then
Caprellidea, with their complete loss of lateral shield must
have some other protection, perhaps reflective of their
habitats or behaviour. The brood lamellae of caprellids
seem to be more strongly cornified than those of
gammarideans. The lateral shield has also been suggested
by Gurjanova (1962: 11-26) to be a frictional-flotational
support for those Amphipoda known to swim in peculiar
fashion on their sides. Thus the lateral shield, formed of
coxae and articular wings on pereopods, may serve as
a kortnozzle (a tube directing the propeller-wash of
ships) in reverse by channelling water ahead of the
pleopods.
Good swimmers obviously occur in the Hyperiidea,
for they are all pelagonts; nevertheless, reductions of the
lateral shield is. a major trend within that group. Hence,
natatorialcorrelation to the lateral shield is far from
universal. The loss of pleopods in Amphipoda is a mark
of the sedentary life of Caprellidea, and the terrestrial
habits of a few talitroids. Their reduction in ingolfiellids
is unexplained but may have some relationship to an
interstitial or troglobitic life. A few other inquilinous or
sedentary gammarideans have reduced pleopods, but
they are otherwise remarkably conservative in most
domicolous, fossorial and inquilinous amphipods,
presumably because they are often used for creating
water currents.
Function of the last pair of uropods is presumed to be
in propulsion and ruddering as in other peracaridans, but
uropods 1 to 2 have seemingly little function except as
strengtheners for the urosome during explosive flexation
that is a part of jumping behaviour. Were this the sole
function of uropods 1 to 2 the· maintenance of at least
a small degree of articular flexibility of the uropodal
peduncles and rami would seem incongruous.
Progressive coalescence of uropods 1 to 2 with the
ventral margins of their segments would afford a strong
ventral pad to be used as a jumping buffer. Perhaps the
small degree of flexibility provides a better shock
absorber than would a must solid urosome. The increase
in ornamentation of uropods on certain fossorial species
indicates at least a minimal function in the digging
process, but perhaps this ornamentation primarily
prevents coarse particles from being lodged in the cracks
between uropods and segmental venters. Paddle-like
expansion of rami on uropods 1 to 2 in a few groups
(e.g., Synopiidae) points to a swimming function. A few
observations on swimming suggest that the uropods,
despite their restricted flexibility, can be laterally splayed
and serve in balance or braking during the end of a
gliding motion. Uropods in some amphipods have been
reported to assist in dragging off ecdysial casts of anterior
appendages.
Reduction of uropod 3 and reduction or rigidification
of the urosome occur in various tube dwellers (e.g.,
Corophiidae), inquilines (some lysianassids, cressids,
stenothoids, possibly kuriids, dexaminids, etc.), tunnel
makers (Eophliantidae) and some of those amphipods with
semipermanent flexion of the abdomen (Phliantidae).
Presumably jumping, swimming, and protection from
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
unwanted particles have been reduced in importance in
these species while there is substituted an adaptation
towards more favourable leverage for burrowing into
tissues (plant or animal), maintaining special protective
attitudes in tubes or channels and in streamlining.
Rigidification often occurs without decrease in urosomal
or uropodal size. The tube-dwelling Ampeliscidae and
the inquilinous Dexaminidae have urosomites 2 to 3
coalesced while the lignivorous Cheluridae have the
urosome greatly increased in size and the uropods
greatly enlarged or modified. Jumping ability, even
underwater, is very strong in the Cheluridae.
The ecological linkages to urosomal evolution in
the Gammaridea are manifold; no single solution to
functional adaptation has been necessary. The
segmented urosome is a remarkably stable feature of the
Amphipoda; the urosome and its three pairs of uropods
are a revolutionary feature unique to Amphipoda. It
has undergone only one major reduction (Caprellidea),
yet has imprinted upon it numerous adaptive features
while maintaining a minimal structural stability, thus
attesting to its development as a major part of the success
of amphipods. Like the mandibles, its basic
conservativeness has. probably been a factor in the
successful dispersal of amphipods into many niches.
Development of a dorsal shield in a few Gammaridea
has been discussed by Gurjanova (1962: 11-26). This
feature is simply an extreme dorsoventraJ depression of
the body and a splaying of the coxae in the Phliantidae.
The abdomen is flexed under the thorax possibly as an
additional protection to the ventrum owing to removal of
the lateral shield. Many isopods, without flexed abdomen,
do not appear to require this protection, so there may
be other reasons for phliantid flexion. Gurjanova points
out possible precursors to phliantids in the calliopiid
genera Chosroes and Sancho but those genera must yet
be strongly segregated from phliantids because they
have fully developed mouthparts and uropods. They
probably should be allocated to a new family in order
to qualify the development of a dorsal shield as a major,
albeit rare, adaptation of Amphipoda. Dorsal shielding is
also seen in the eusirid Amphithopsis and it thereby
forms a strong link among other Eusiridae, the two
quixotic genera, and is conducted into the
Laphystiopsidae. To some extent body depression also
occurs in a few Podoceridae and this seems negatively
significant in light of their presumed derivation from
tubicolous corophiids having lost the tube-spinning
glands. This loss may be correlated with such dorsal
shielding because both methods of protection would
seem unnecessary together.
Temnophlias, a 'phliantid', has also been included by
Gurjanova as a member of the progression from
Amphithopsis through Sancho into the Phliantidae but
another suggestion might be made: that Temnophlias is
really a cylindrical organism with secondary
pleuronisation of the pereonitessimilar to munnid
isopods. It may have affinities with the Eophliantidae,
the most strongly developed of the cylindrical
gammarideans. Cylindricality and dorsal shielding are
15
difficult to separate because various corophiids,
chelurids, and aorids have always been considered to be
depressed organisms rather than cylindroid (Stebbing,
1906, general theme). Both terms partially apply to these
groups. But one may consider that these organisms have
substituted domiciliary habits in the form of tube
building or burrowing for the true lateral shield and that
dorsal depression is a consequence of cylindricalisation
that cannot be carried too far without rendering the
organism positionally unstable. Some depression is
required for the organism to maintain a crawling
equilibrium. Gurjanova appears to regard Phliantidae
(dorsal shields) and Eophliantidae as cohesive, but
eophliantids are strikingly cylindrical. There is now
evidence' that eophliantids are phycophilous burrowers
and this would correspond with the habitats of other
families living in diverse kinds of 'tunnels'. The spherical
heads and cylindrical, rotatable necks of eophliantids and
biancolinids are suggestive of limnoriid isopods and are
presumably associated with the tunnelling habit. They
strongly contrast with Phliantidae morphologically but,
there is one small difficulty in completely segregating
the two families in that one phliantid is known to be a
lignivore. One must presume that phliantids are not
tunnelling lignivores on morphological evidence
alone.
The cylindroid Colomastigidae also may be thought of
as tunnellers or domiciliaries because they probably
inhabit tests or tissues of sessile invertebrates. But
inquilinous behaviour is scarcely confined to cylindroid
amphipods. Anamixids and dexaminids, both with strong
lateral shields, are undoubted inquilines because of their
known ascidiophilous behaviour (Anamixis, Anamixidae,
and Polycheria, Dexaminidae). In neither genus,
however, do piercing, and sucking mouthparts necessarily
indicate consumption of host tissue; Anamixis is known
to gather together and consume food already collected
by the ascidian and Polycheria is assumed to filter feed
after once digging a burrow in the test of th~.. ascidian
host. So-called piercing and sucking mouthparts are
common in many other gammarideans such as
Iphimediidae and various Lysianassidae.
The evolution ofeurypody on gnathopods in
primitive amphipods was far from immutably fixed. In
returning to a slender condition (stenopody), the marks
of a grasping function have been left, with few
exceptions. Return to stenopody, hence enfeeblement,
of gnathopods among Amphipoda has' been recognised
as either primitive or advanced. This suggests that
gnathopod 'evolution, especially of gnathopod" 2, was
basic to the amphipod plan, but once in place, the
original enlargement alone was unnecessary and was
modified many times during adaptive radiation.
Reduction in size of gnathopods must have come fairly
early in .gammaridean evolution, for several genera of
the Gammaridae and Corophioidea have the gnathopodal
size reduced. Some of the functional value of size may
have been .replaced by increased setosity. All but two
of the eight families standing near the Gammaridae have
the gnathopods enfeebled. Liljeborgiidae retained the
i
16
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
enlarged gnathopods, and among other reasons, this fact
supports the odd thesis that the inquilinous line of
Amphilochidae-Leucothoidae-Stenothoidae has some
relationship to the Liljeborgiidae. The three connected
families, despite the presence of other morphological
degradations, have not lost the presence or potentiality
of large second gnathopods. Some zoologists would
undoubtedly call this situation of enlarged gnathopods
'adaptational'; obviously this is true but the function of
enlarged gnathopods .can be highly varied. The
maintenance of enlarged gnathopods .in many members
of the Eusiridae-Calliopiidae-Pleustidae is also further
confirmation of their strong relationships to the basic
gammaridean. The position of the Oedicerotidae,
unusually close to the Gammaridae, reflects their
enlarged gnathopods. In the several families presumed
to have evolved out of a eusirid stock, the gnathopods
have become enfeebled. Marine talitroideans maintain
the enlarged gnathopod 2 but terrestrial members often
return to the stenopodous condition even though
gnathopod 2 has obviously not returned to a walking
function because of its peculiar morphology.
The seemingly primitive members of the corophioid
stock also ,maintain the enlarged gnathopod 2 but the
advanced members show either an axial reversal, a shift
of domination to gnathopod 1, or an enfeeblement.
Potentiality for enlarged gnathopod 2 is fully maintained
in the Ampithoidae and Ischyroceridae and the ultimate
peculiarity is reached in the Cheluridae, one species of
which has gnathopod 1 expanded into a fully prehensile
appendage like that of Maera. Although some of the
most diverse and, thus, presumably successful shallowwater (and primarily tropical) genera have the fully
enlarged and prehensile gnathopod 2, the trend in
gammaridean evolution has been a secondary return to
stenopody. Retention of the primitively enlarged
gnathopod 2, in the Podoceridae and the Caprellidea,
even the Cyamidea, is one more mark of their
relationship. Those very successful tropical gammaridean
genera with enlarged gnathopod 2 (in males) occur in
several distinct evolutionary lines: Elasmopus, Maera
and Ceradocus in the Gammaridea;Hyale in the
Talitroidea; Gammaropsis in the Corophioidea;
Podocerus in the Podoceridae; the inquilinous Stenothoe
in the Stenothoidae and Leucothoe in the
Leucothoidae. These genera clearly have their highest
diversity in the tropics and subtropics whether they had
their origin there or not. The ecologist's attention should
be drawn to this curious matter.
Nontropical gammarideans with enlarged gnathopod 2
are particularly conspicuous in the demersal eusirids,
the liljeborgiids, various stenothoids and the
Gammaridae.
Correlations of mandibular functions with morphology
are poorly understood. Biting, chewing, .grinding,
piercing, and rasping functions are obvious, but
mandibular variations are far more numerous than just
those five categories. Gammaridean amphipods have
been thought of primarily as omnivorous, feeding on
debris and detritus, carrion and dead plant fragments.
The basic mandible seems to be adapted to biting off
chunks with the incisors and grinding those chunks with
the molarial rasp. The lack .of emphasis on herbivorous
habits of Gammaridea in the literature is surprising in view
of the properly adapted mandibles and the strong
infestation of marine plants by amphipods. Macroscopic
algae and marine grasses infested with amphipods only
occasionally show gross cropping or evidence of bites
having been removed. Stomach contents of a few
phycophilous amphipods demonstrate that they probably
feed on microscopic epiphytes. Undoubtedly the larger
and slower growing algae have. evolved mechanisms to
limit the success of marine herbivores. Microscopic
epiphytes presumably survive through rapid growth
while the total amphipod population may be restricted
by the seasonality of epiphytes; probably a balance is
thus maintained in ways similar to the diatom-copepod
cycle of the pelagic realm. Amphipods may benefit the
macrophytes by cleaning their surfaces of infesting
epiphytes.
The microherbivorous amphipod with biting-rasping
mandible and enlarged male gnathopod 2 may be the
basic member of the amphipodan organisation. To
suggest that the level bottom scavenging amphipod
evolved first and invaded epifloras later would presume
that cellulase secretion was not· an original part of the
amphipod plan. The grossly compressed bodies of the
basic amphipod also attest to a preadaptation for nestling
and gliding among anastomoses. Steele (in litteris) has
pointed out the arrangement of forward and backward
pointing groups of pereopods that adapts amphipods so
admirably to a grasping beothic function. That this
ungainly organism was later able to invade a host of
other habitats seemingly unsuitable to a flea-like
morphology suggests that in the course of their evolution
numerous 'hidden' adaptatigns accrued. Some of these
may be circumstantial: high prodigality ('success by
numerical pressure'), and low genetic plasticity that
maintains a broad adaptability to feeding conditions. A
more efficient mechanism than the basic mandible may
be imagined for cropping micro-epiphytes without
radical changes in the general structure. The
maintenance of that basic mandible throughout so many
families and genera of amphipods, which obviously have
put it to numerous functions, suggests that one key to
success of amphipods is their potentially omnivorous
habit.
In the dispersal to level bottoms, amphipodan
functional morphology almost invariably changed; the
successful
Ampeliscidae
build
tubes;
the
Phoxocephalidae-Haustoriidae and Oedicerotidae dig
burrows and often become much broadened in their
bodies; other genera, like Listrie!la, have obtained special
associations with infaunal members of the level bottoms.
Almost all of the greater Corophioidea, the
tubicolous amphipods, have maintained the basic
mandible, palp included. Even the wood 'boring'
Cheluridae are able to rasp wood with the basic
mandible. The greater Talitroidea have maintained the
rasping mandible although the palp has been lost.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Presumably one function of the
is the cleaning of
the anterior cephalic space between the antennae.
Amphipods without palp often have few antennal setae
projecting into that space to
and we have
observed amphipods in life cleaning that space with
gnathopod 1.
The trend to a distinct change in mandibular
morphology is seen in some Gammaridae and even
more strongly in some of the families closely associated
with the Gammaridae, such as the Liljeborgiidae,
Eusiridae and Phoxocephalidae-Haustoriidae. Loss of
trituration surface and reduction in size of molar are
~ almost universal in the Liljeborgiidae, but the reasons
are not yet apparent as the ecology of the group is
poorly known;
various burrowers
in the
Phoxocephalidae, Haustoriidae and Oedicerotidae have
smoothed-off molars and several of those genera have
enormously enlarged molars covered with a setular
velvet. Such molars are also seen in the Synopiidae.
They may have some relationship to the fossorial or
semifossorial habit of processing mineral grains. But in
those large fossorial families the normal. mandible is
retained by numerous genera. We have seen in life the
upside-down amphipod Gibberosus clean grains with
mouthparts and legs without use of mandibles. The
strongest changes in mandibular morphology occur in
those families presumed to be inquilines. In one way or
another these families have adapted to 'piercing and
sucking' or possibly to the scraping of slime but even
some inquilinous amphipods maintain the biting and
grinding functions. The mandible of Polycheria may be
used for burrowing into the tests of tunicates for
domiciliary purposes, but our field observations of many
live amphipods cast doubt on any conclusions about
function based on morphology. After digging its home,
Polycheria then engages in filter feeding. Indeed, the
biting adaptation is rarely lost even in the strongest
inquilines; it is maintained in many Iphimediidae where
it also is adapted for slicing (Watling, in litteris), although
others of the family have those incisors developed into
stylets. The conformity of the iphimediid and
stegocephalid mouthpart bundle suggests a gross
piercing function as if they normally attack some large
sessile invertebrate, but this may be entirely a false
assumption, as one may see in Anamixis where the
piercing 'adaptation' is really a structure for licking food
off of the gnathopods. Presumably some of the
'inquilines', like those of the greater Stenothoidea, are
grazing predators, .biting off coelenterate polyps or
consuming sponge and tunicate tissues.
The pardaliscid and stilipedid mandibles are the most
paradoxical. They are elytriform like those of some
stegocephalids, lack molars but retain palps, yet the
mouthpart bundle is rarelyconiform and no one has
demonstrated an inquilinous behaviour. Many of these
species are nekters or demersal members of the deepsea
fauna.
The presence or absence of medially and facially
attached setae on the inner lobe of maxilla 1 often has
taxonomic importance at generic level but the structure
17
of outer plate and palp have been overlooked. Our
colleagues, J.K.
& H. Stoddart
however, have found immense importance in these
structures in the
of L Y:Slana~;SHlae
and will publish that work soon. To discover the
functions of the myriad of minute attributes
have
found will require the most sophisticated of approaches
because of the cryptic nature of those mouthparts.
Some pioneering work has been accomplished (e.g.,
Croker, 1967a,b) on the function of setae on maxilla 2
which filter differing sized particles based on 'porewidth'. This is correlative with differing habitats of the
several species studied.
Maxillipedal changes mark one of the primary
subordinal grades of evolution within the Amphipoda.
The loss of palps is a condition of the Hyperiidea. Only
two families of Gammaridea and a few genera of two
other families have a marked reduction or loss of these
palps. Such loss is associated with a nektonic, often
inquilinous habit, but numerous pelagic Gammaridea
have fully developed palps. Reduction in maxillipedal
plates or palps is not perfectly correlated with the
inquilinous families or with those .marked by mandibular
changes, but as ·we should expect, all stages of the
perfection of this morphology are apparent and the
inquilinous trend is obvious. Plates and palps often
evolve independently as if their functions were distinct;
in some cases su<;h as Liljeborgiidae and throughout
the greater Stenothoidea, the plates become reduced
while the palps are maintained or increased in size.
Behaviour
Very little study of behaviour in Gammaridea has
occurred to this time. This discounts any possible
inferences as to behaviour that might be derived from
a moderate body of work on genetics (especially eyecolour), physiology (especially hormonal and humidity
problems in terrestrial amphipods), reproduction and lifehistory, or the casual observations on mating that have
been reported on or passed by word-of-mouth. The
principal synoptic work on gross observations of
behaviour was done by Enequist (1949). In·the past few
years studies on behaviour are begifming to have an
impact on systematics and this burgeoning activity should
have excellent consequences in future schemes of
classification. Usefulness to identification will depend on
the capability of linking behavioural characteristics to
morphological distinctions among taxa.
Examples of four principal consequences to
systematics from the study of behaviour are the
discoveries ofupside-down:-behaviour ·in melphidippids
(Enequist, 1949) and megaluropids (Bamard, Thomas &
Sandved, 1988), the transformation of feeding differences
between juveniles and adults of Anamixidae (Thomas. &
Barnard, 1983a; Thomas, in preparation), and the
sideways amplexing behaviour in crangonyctids and
other gammaridans and the use of male swimming kinds
18
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part -1)
as the basis for a superfamily classification \ .A...P"U'~""'''''''''''''''''''''''q
1973,
1978, 1983).
Further consequences of functional morphology
include hypotheses about the use of calceoli by
amphipods (Lincoln & Hurley, 1981a; Stapleton, Williams
& Barnard, 1988), and the presence and use of the
callynophore (Lowry, 1986). Increased attention is now
being paid to feeding, tube building, grooming, modes
of amplexing, swimming, jumping, territoriality and
threat displays. Mathematical and engineering studies on
motions in appendages and mouthparts are commencing.
Telsonic function is being discussed. One trusts that
investigators will keep in mind ·the taxonomic and
systematic consequences of their experimental models so
as to optimise any contributions as swiftly as possible.
The Families of Gammaridea
A revolution of internal classification in Gammaridea
has occurred since the mid 1950's when Bulycheva
(1957) began the modern superfamily concept by
establishing the Talitroidea. This was followed by J.L.
Barnard (1972b, 1973) who filled out the Talitroidea and
began using the Corophioidea to encompass several
families. Then Bousfield (1973, 1977, 1978, 1983)
reorganised all Gammaridea by firs;t creating
Gammaroidea and later putting all 70+ families into 19
superfamilies; Bousfield had by 1983 at least 87 families
with additional unnamed groups. Since 1983 other new
families have been described and out of the total mix we
reject the usage temporarily of several family concepts
(see Table land see Table of Contents) so that our total
is 91 (97 in 1991). Obviously, more new family concepts
reside just in the known taxa, for example within
Eusiridae.
There are many valuable ·elements in the
superfamilial mode of classification but, as yet, it has not
been rendered into a system of much value to an
identifier faced with preserved specimens. The system
is therefore not used in this manu~al. Even at family level
it is almost impossible to include and thereby identify all
known gammarideans. to generic level. in a simple key,
although such a method is attempted herein. Much of the
superfamily system is based on theories involved with
swimming males, structure of calceoli (of limited
gammaridean occurrence), amplexus during mating plus
other kinds of behaviour not available to identifiers
faced with specimens in preservative. Absolute and
discontiguous apomorphic characters (morphological)
have not been identified in such a preponderance of
families., let alone superfamilies, that the superfamily
concepts are useless for identification. To detect
apomorphies requires a solid foundation in
plesiomorphic character determination and this sort of
activity· is just beginning. Much dialectics remains but
more urgent are extensive studies on microstructures
and behaviour plus a continuing exploration of the
alpha taxonomic diversity in the group.
A principal order of business in the past decade at
many meetings of carcinologists around the world has
been the determination of the phylogenetic origin of
Amphipoda. This is not a subject to be discussed at length
herein and therefore will not be documented. Suffice it
to write that the pelagic versus benthic, or mysid versus
syncarid origins of Amphipoda remain unclarified.
Whether or not the fleshy versus laminar telson
morphology is plesiomorphic is debatable. Whether or
not cleft versus uncleft telsonic morphology is
apomorphic is unknown. This kind of argumentation can
be extended to most characters of Gammaridea.
The system of identification presented here is an
elaboration of that found in J.L. Barnard (1969c) to
which have been added many recently described families
and many improvements from redescriptions. The
Gammarida, a 'section' or 'infraorder' containing many
family groupings, is excluded because it was treated by
Barnard & Barnard (1983). Wherever key couplets
terminate in 'Gammarida' one must turn to Barnard &
Barnard (1983). The only other high-placed infraordinal
names frequently found in the keys are 'Corophiida',
'Haustorioidea' and 'Talitroidea' which· should direct
the reader to those sections alphabetically where it has
been found to .be prudent to treat arrays of taxa in
additional keys before reaching family level. The vast
number of endemic freshwater genera is excluded from
the report but any freshwater genus with contiguous
marine origins is cited in the keys unless it was fully
covered by Barnard & Barnard (1983) and in which
case the term 'Gammarida' is used as an endpoint in the
key.
Where possible the keys are constructed on gross,
easy-to-seecharacters but the recommendation is
reiterated that analysis of an amphipod should follow the
very detailed procedures of preliminary observation,
filling out of the analytical sheets and· discovery of all
characters through dissection and mounting of parts on
slides (see Appendices).
An idealised member of Gammaridae (Gammarida)
forms the basic model of Amphipoda. Each. of the
gammarid families shows some tendency in their
advanced genera towards reduction in the accessory
flagellum, thereby suggesting that the presence of the
ramus in those families is primordial. The following valid
families which are very close to this model have been
discussed in Barnard & Barnard (1983) (* = marine taxa
present; + = taxa included but not necessarily as family
units): *Anisogammaridae, *Argissidae, Artesiidae+,
Bogidiellidae,
Caspicolidae,
Crangonyctidae,
*Gammaridae (a loose group also termed by Barnard &
Barnard [1983] to be better known as Gammarida),
Gammaroporeidae, Megaluropidae+, Melphidippidae,
*Mesogammaridae, Neoniphargidae (called therein
austrogammarids), Paraleptamphopidae+, Paramelitidae
(called therein austrogammarids) and Perthiidae (not at
that time a family but included with austrogammarids),
Phreatogammaridae, and Salentinellidae.
Bousfield (1983) placed the Crangonyctidae,
Paramelitidae and Neoniphargidae in a superfamily
Crangonyctoidea apart from the Gammaroidea and the
recently described Perthiidae would be in that group
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
also. We agree that Crangonyctoidea is a real group
distinct from Gammaroidea but unfortunately the only
purely unique character of the group, type-9 calceolus,
is lost in many members of the group and so it cannot
be rigorously defined. Bousfield's Niphargidae which
earlier was counted by him as a superfamily has been
sunk into Crangonyctoidea by Bousfield (1983) but as
yet no niphargid has been found with type-9 calceoli so
that such placement is purely conjectural. The
niphargids are discussed also by Barnard & Barnard
(1983) who count them as a group of the Gammarida with
hazy placement. The Gammarida are used as a dumping
ground for a large number of taxas yet cloudy, to· which
we assign such ill-defined group-names as *Hadziidae,
*Melitidae, *eriopisins, *eriopisellins, *cheirocratins (also
placed in Melphidippoidea), *Calliopiidae (? =
*Gammarellidae), weckeliins, and their many subgroups.
Bousfield (1983) considered the Hadziidae and Melitidae
to belong to a superfamily Hadzioidea. Such difficult-todefine groups as Pontogammaridae, Typhlogammaridae,
and Acanthogammaridae are ·not yet resolvable.
Bousfield's Bogidielloidea (*Bogidiellidae, Artesiidae)
are principally freshwater groups also treated by .Barnard
& Barnard (1983) who believed them to be so derived
that their origins are very likely to be in the
Crangonyctoidea mainly because of freshwater
contiguity. They have no crangonyctoid markers nor
markers of any other group.
Within Gammaroidea Bousfield placed the
Macrohectopidae, discussed by Barnard & Barnard as a
possible marine derivative of some unknown origin
within Lake Baikal. Bousfield's Paracrangonyctidae and
Salentinellidae were placed by him in his Liljeborgioidea
but again Bamard & Bamard (1983) discussed these
freshwater groups in the context that Paracrangonyctidae
might be derived crangonyctoids and Salentinellidae
have an unknown origin.
Bousfield's
Melphidippoidea
(including
*Melphidippidae, *Megaluropidae, Phreatogammaridae)
were included in Bamard & Bamard (1983) but the latter
authors placed Phreatogammaridae much more basically
antecedent to crangonyctoids. Melphidippidae have the
structure of gammarids in which the coxae have
become shortened, the gnathopods enfeebled like
females of Cheirocratus, and uropod 3 is elongate.
Cephalic ocular bulges and a strong trend towards
reduction of the accessory flagellum are characteristic.
The melphidippoids may be a unified group though
they are rather difficult to identify with any clear
apomorphies; they exhibit an upside-down behaviour
which is barely visible in morphological characters that
can be detected by an identifier. As noted by Bousfield
and Barnard & Bamard (1983) this group, which qualifies
as a superfamily, has joined with it the Megaluropidae,
the cheirocratids, and Hornellia (see Barnard & Bamard,
1983) which have similar morphofunction, the upsidedown ~ehaviour pattern discovered by Enequist (1949)
and amplified by Bamard, Thomas & Sandved (1988).
Argissidae fall into the eusirid grade of structure (see
below) by reduction of the accessory flagellum to 2articles. Such reduction by itself does not imply any direct
19
relationship to those eusirid families because some marine
and nonmarine Gammaridae also have a reduced
accessory flagellum; such reduction occurs repeatedly in
other completely distinct groups (e.g., corophioids). The
peculiar coxal morphology of argissids (Bamard &
Barnard, 1983, fig.49) is not fully unique, for an
analogous condition occurs in a melphidippoid genus,
Megaluropus (Megaluropidae) and in the Nihotungidae.
Enfeeblement of gnathopods is again a feature of
argissids but the quadrilocular eyes of oculate members
seem significant. Except for those eyes, the diagnostic
characters of argissids, though unique together, are
drawn from diverse members of the Gammaridae.
The *Pontoporeiidae were included in Bamard &
Barnard (1983). Bousfield (1983) joined this and
*Haustoriidae into a superfamily Pontoporeioidea. We
are now certain that Pontopore!idae and Haustoriidae are
not of monophyletic descent (paper in preparation) and
our treatment herein is to retain Pontoporeiidae within
the greater Gammarida at a hazy level and we leave
their generic diagnoses to Bamard & Barnard (1983).
However, we include the characters of the five
pontoporeiid genera in our keys and denote them as
Pontoporeiidae with· reference implicated to ·Barnard &
Barnard (1983).
This now disposes of the groups that are not further
discussed in this work except to the extent that any
marine components can be identified as endpoints in our
keys and they are called "Gammarida, Melphidippidae,
Pontoporeiidae, Megaluropidae, bogidiellids, hadziids,
weckeliids", etc.
Other marine groups we consider to be within the
model of the Gammarida are Bousfield' s
Phoxocephaloidea (Phoxocephalidae, Platyischnopidae,
Urothoidae) and Haustoriidae. They have extreme
fossorial adaptations found rudimentarily in several
Gammaridae.
Joining the Haustoriidae as companions we now add
the marine families Urohaustoriidae, Zobrachoidae,
Phoxocephalopsidae, Cardenioidae, Urothoidae,
Phoxocephalidae,
Platyischnopidae,
Cheidae,
Condukiidae andCarangoliopsidae.. We treat this entire
complex as a unit called Haustorioidea and within various
keys we include the genera of the Carangoliopsidae and
Pontoporeiidae even though they may have affinities to
Gammarida. The Haustorioidea are a diverse complex of
fossorial amphipods characterised by attributes one
associates with burrowing: heavily setose and spinose
pereopods or antennae or both. The group as a whole
has many aspects of similarity to Gammaroidea and is
retained with them in the section·· Gammarida because of
well-developed accessory flagellum, primitive retention
of article 2 on outer ramus of uropod 3 and the tendency
for the inner ramus of female uropod 3 to become
shortened. We agree with Bousfield, however, that
*Carangoliopsidae are simply convergent fossorial
organisms with an origin possibly near the melitins
within the Gammarida. Their marker-character is the
presence of a basofacial spine on uropod 1.
One of the largest groups with strongest similarity to
Gammarida is the Eusiridae, marked by reduction or loss
20
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
of accessory
There are many divergent
trends away from the basic gammaridan in
this group and it
contains several family groups
to be detached when
tests are undertaken.
For the moment, we have
our
these groups under the umbrella of
We
mention this group
in our discussion because the
term 'eusirid', implying severe reduction of accessory
flagellum, is often used in the following discussion.
The powerful gnathopods of the Liljeborgiidae are
reminiscent of those in the Eusiridae (for example,
Rhachotropis) but most liljeborgiids have a visibly
developed accessory flagellum and all have a reduced,
non-triturative molar. Some eusirids also have this reduced
molar. The Eusiridae seem to be so broadly polyphyletic
that there is cause to investigate the inter-relationships of
liljeborgiids with some of the eusirids. Several grades of
structure are congruent between the Liljeborgiidae and
certain members of the Pleustidae. The labia of the two
groups are very similar and the mandibular molars of
pleustids often resemble those of liljeborgiids. The
Pleustidae are enigmatic in that only a single
synapomorphy, of difficult analytical detection, the
strange lower lip, is common to all members. Pleustids
otherwise mix characters of Iphimediidae and general
eusirids. Pleustid gnathopods are often enlarged but the
family differs from liljeborgiids in their uncleft telson and
vestigial accessory flagellum. The outer rami of uropods
1 to 3 are shortened in Pleustidae and the outer ramus
of uropod 3 is I-articulate but some liljeborgiids approach
these conditions. The enlarged pleustid rostrum is a
development that is restricted· to a few members only.
While the mandibles of Liljeborgiidae show a strong
tendency to a complete loss of the molars, the liljeborgiid
gnathopods are very powerful and the liljeborgiid with
the smallest coxae has larger coxae than any member of
Pardaliscidae. The lower lip of liljeborgiids is very similar
to that of pardaliscids.
The pelagic or epibenthic- Vitjazianidae have the
general appearance and ecology of some pelagic eusirids
but they retain a 3-articulate accessory flagellum.
Gnathopod 1 has become simple and the most specialised
vitjazianids have extremely reduced coxae. The
mouthparts maintain a basic gammarid structure. Some of
our colleagues believe that the two genera of
Vitjazianidae should be divided into two families.
Hyperiopsidae form another pelagic theme. The typical
genus resembles hyperiid Amphipoda but retains the
maxillipedal palps; the second genus, Parargissa, differs
so remarkably in its overall appearance that it is
debatably an hyperiopsid but mouthparts, antennae and
pereo~ods seem to confirm the possibly homoplasic
relationships between the two genera. Again,·· some
resemblance to the .eusirid grade of structure is seen in
the elongate enfeebled gnathopods characteristic of some
calliopiids, but gnathopod 1. is almost completely simple,
the accessory flagellum is 3-articulate and elongate as in
some vitjazianids, and furthermore, the palp on one
member of the first maxillae is specially modified,. bent
and scal)'. Article 4 of pereopods 3.. to 4 is. enormously
elongate, thus giving to the pereopods a strong raptorial
.Il.ll..l.'-"..IltJ..l.JL'lU'.JL'Vp;;.,..I..""'U..I.
function apparently surrendered
the gnathopods.
Pardaliscidae are characterised
foliation of the
mandibles and loss of molars, the frequently occurring
condition (callynophore) at the base of the
flagellum on antenna 1, feeble gnathopods,
progressively reduced coxae, and one or more
peculiarities of the maxillipeds: reduction in overall size
of the inner plates, often a reduction in the outer plates,
and, occasionally, an elongation of the article carrying the
outer plates. The lower lip often has the inner lobes
coalesced and forming a convex bridge between the
outer lobes. A generalised view of the maxillipeds
suggests similarities to the Liljeborgiidae in which the
maxillipedal palps, like those of the Pardaliscidae, are
relatively dominant over the basal plates.
Synopiidae are similar to the basic gammaridean in
view of their elongate accessory flagellum, even though
several of their members have the articles reduced to
two. Gnathopods are feeble. All but a few synopiids have
the head developed in galeate form and enlarged in
relation to the shortened pereonites 1 to 3. Coxa 3
dominates coxa 4 in most of the genera, and in all but
one genus, article 3 of the mandibular palp has become
very short, almost vestigial. The mouthparts are otherwise
basic except for those genera having the molars
extremely enlarged and velvety smooth. This
semifossorial condition has also occurred in some
haustorioids even closer to the Gammaridae than the
Synopiidae. Uropods have undergone the eusirid
shortening of the outer rami but uropods 1 to 2 are far
more specialised in the frequent sublamellar condition of
the inner rami. In all but Synopia, the telson has become
elongate. Eyes when present are dorsally coalesced or
contiguous.
Oedicerotidae have reached the eusirid grade of
structure in accessory flagellum, resemble the Synopiidae
in head and eyes but the telson is a short, thin, ovate
or truncato-ovate, uncleft lamina, unlike that of most
Synopiidae. Uropod 3 has become fully elongate, a
tendency seen in several synopiids but the pereopods
have become strongly fossorial, the first six pairs by
virtue of their long setae and the seventh pair by virtue
of its immense articular elongation. On the average,
gnathopods are of medium size, thus being more
powerful than those of synopiids. Oedicerotidae have a
strong resemblance to corophioids especially in pleonal
epimera and pigmentation but lack pereopodal glands
and have a thin, nonfleshy telson. Oedicerotids are
presumed to. descend from Exoedicerotidaewhich have
paired eyes and spinose rami of uropods 1 to 2~
Exoedicerotids then are linked to a more primitive grade
of structure represented by the ·Paracalliopiidae in which
the eyes also are paired but very enlarged; pereopod
7 is also elongate and bears the elongate setose dactyl.
Strong similarity between the two groups is found in
the strange gnathopods of Paracalliopiidae and
Exoedicerotidae which are somewhat eusirid, enlarged
mittens which twist inward on death.These are not found
in Oedicerotidae though many oedicerotid gnathopods
could be derived from these odd appendages.
Paracalliopiidae cannot stand on a direct line .anc~stral to
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean ArrlphllpO(la
Exoedicerotidae and Oedicerotidae because urosomites
2 to 3 are fused
and because
lack the
ramal spines found on
1 to 2
of Exoedicerotidae. A few oedicerotids also have fused
urosomites.
The paramphithoid section of the
a
group characterised by acuminate coxae, is very similar
to the Eusiridae-Pleustidae complex. Other iphimediids
have a marked change in the mouthpart field from its
basic quadratiform bundle in paramphithoins to a conical
or triangular field. The individual mouthparts (especially
incisors) increasingly become more styliform with
reduction of molars or the mandibles have become broad,
flattened, and very powerful. Because of the complete
loss of maxillipedal palps, the ochlesin section of the
Iphimediidae is technically difficult (through keys and first
impressions) to separate from hyperiids.
The Iciliidae were formerly placed in the Podoceridae
but have lately been removed from that group on the
probability that the telson is not fleshy and the fact that
uropod 3 is well developed and thus ordinary. Although
the body form of iciliids closely matches the strange,
depressed form of podocerids, iciliids are believed to be
at least in the same gradational level as paramphithoids
(Iphimediidae). They share acuminate coxae and reduced
accessory flagellum.
The Laphystiopsidae carry eusirid tendencies forward
to their definitive extremes through loss of molarial
grinding ridges, miniaturisation of coxae, and simplicity
of gnathopods.
The Lafystiidae resemble Laphystiopsidae but are
characterised by reduction of maxillipedal palps.
Bateidae have the cephalic pleustid aspect but
gnathopod 1 is reduced to a single article or two.
The paramphithoid section of the Iphimediidae has
similarities to more advanced families, either directly or
indirectly. Resemblance between paramphithoins and
Stilipedidae (= Astyridae) is readily apparent. The
appendage plan of the Stilipedidae conforms remarkably
to that of the Pardaliscidae. The flattened mandibles of
the two families are similar. That stilipedids were not
ancestral to pardaliscids is attested to by the strong
accessory flagellum and weak coxae of pardaliscids. The
broadened first coxa of Stilipedidae is a distinction from
Pardaliscidae but shared with certain Iphimediidae. The
lack of acumination on coxae differentiates synopiids and
pardaliscids from iphimediids.
Many Dexaminidae (= Atylidae, = Lepechinellidae)
have the acuminate coxae of Iphimediidae, but differ
through coalescence of two urosomal segments.
Stegocephalidae are the only other major family of
Gammaridea not yet discussed in which all members bear
the strong conically arranged .mouthpart field of
Iphimediidae. Stegocephalidae have the broad,
sublaminar mandibles of several iphimediids but lack a
palp. The breadth of the lateral shield appears to have
a relationship to midwater suspension but acumination
may still be seen in the anterior coxae. Some benthic
members may also be predatorial grazers _and the only
supposed raptorial predator (Parandaniexis) in the
benthic Gammaridea is a member of the Stegocephalidae.
21
Another line of evolution
behaviour is that
with the
and Leucothoidae. Early students of the Gammaridea
noticed similarities between
and
Leucothoidae in
structures; other
resemblances such as retention of
~-r(Tt:lOrt ~.lu:.tl-.l.l'UBJ"JU"
are so clear that one might say that leucothoids are
liljeborgiids in which the accessory flagellum has become
vestigial and gnathopod 1 has been transformed into its
fully carpochelate condition while the outer plates of the
maxillipeds became vestigial. The rudiments of the
carpochelate gnathopod may be seen in gnathopod 2 of
leucothoids, thus resembling the gnathopods of
liljeborgiids. Terminal male Anamixidae carry the
inquilinous state to the ultimate by the reduction of
mandibles, maxillae and coxa 1, and the dominance of a
ventral keel which has been found to aid in brushing off
food from gnathopods.
Amphilochidae and their companion families
Cyproideidae, Bolttsiidae and Pseudamphilochidae have
mouthparts strongly resembling those of "liljeborgiids.
The gnathopods are usually miniaturised editions of the
liljeborgiid form similar to those of Listriella. But the
heads of amphilochoidids have the appearance of the
pleustid-paramphithoin or bateid line. The initial
distinction is the reduction of coxa 1 (except in the
precursoriaJ Bolttsiidae and Pseudamphilochidae), which
is not as fully reduced as in the Bateidae. This results
in a similarity to' stenothoids. The peculiar
Pseudamphilochus, because of its cleft but ovatoacuminate telson, unreduced coxa 1, large rostrum and
non-elongate peduncle of uropod 3, stands among the
Amphilochidae, Pleustidae and Liljeborgiidae, and is
recognised as the unique Pseudamphilochidae. It is
clearly more primitive than Amphilochidae in the
unreduced coxa 1. The Bolttsiidae differ from
Pseudamphilochidae in the uncleft telson.
All six families of the stenothoid complex have strong
similarities by virtue of the mandibular form (see
figures in the various families) in which at least one
mandible has a box-like shape with deeply serrate incisor,
a lacinia mobilis formed of, a thin lamina resembling the
incisor and nearly appressed to it, plus a molar bulge
clearly moved distalwards toward the incisor and nearly
or partially encroached upon by the spine row. One
group of stenothoids (Cressidae, Stenothoidae) has the
amphilochid coxa 1, whereas the second has the
leucothoid (normal) coxa 1 (Pagetinidae, Sebidae,
Tulearidae). The third group is represented by the
aberrant Nihotungidae which has an intermediate coxa
1 with coxae 2 to 3 even more reduced, and the mandible
has become palpless and 'piercing'. Sebid gnathopods
even vaguely resemble gnathopod 1 of leucothoids and
numerous other similarities are apparent. Stenothoidae
(= Thaumatelsonidae), and Cressidae, those with
amphilochid coxa 1, are very closely similar among
themselves, even though some extremely pygidisetl
species have been used as types -of the Cressidae, and
the old, now abandoned family Thaumatelsonidae. The
six stenothoid families have a similar uropod 3. It is
uniramous, presumably through loss of the inner -ramus,
t:lOn I
22
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
as the remaining ramus is basically biarticulate. Neither
the Leucothoidae nor Amphilochidae show a tendency
to this condition, except perhaps for the universally
matching Pseudamphilochidae. If the Amphilochidae
were the precursors of the Stenothoidae and the
Leucothoidae were precursors to the Sebidae, then the
evolution of a common uropod 3 had to occur twice.
Pagetinidae are very derived amphipods with
reductions in setation and solid structure of the
mouthparts, reduced amphilochid-kind of gnathopods and
loss of article 2 on the single ramus of uropod 3.
Tulearidae differ from pagetinids in the plesiomorphic
conditions of mandibles, maxillae, maxillipeds and coxae.
Tulearidae differ from sebids in the non-chelate
gnathopods, short article 2 of antenna 1 and lack of
mandibular palp.
The superfamily Talitroidea, comprising originally the
Talitridae for nearly a century, have been considered
as extremely distinctive gammarideans, often worthy of
even subordinal rank. Bulycheva (1957) split the
Talitridae into three families, adding the Hyalidae and the
Hyalellidae. Later workers have added Ceinidae (and
Chiltoniinae), Dogielinotidae, Eophliantidae, Kuriidae,
Phliantidae,
Plioplateidae
and
Najnidae,
Temnophliantidae.. They are often treated here in
various keys as a superfamily, mainly for convenience
in identification, but just as often are· reported in other
keys down to family level. Talitroidea, like ·most other
gammaridean superfamilies, have no absolute
synapomorphies present in every preserved specimen;
several other families have auniramous uropod 3 and
lack a mandibular palp but among the genera of talitroids
are many unusual morphs. Often the cephalic sclerites are
clearly marked. Numerous gnathopodal, pleopodal, and
antennal modifications occur in. terrestrial genera; the
jumping ability is· extreme in those genera. The marine
members appear more regularised, some even having
vestigial inner rami on·· uropod 3... Perhaps the structure
of fringing setae on the female brood lamellae will·prove
to be ·characteristic of the group. Although they may be
considered as very distant from thebasicgammaridean,
their gradational singularity is damaged by discovery of
the··gammaroid Beaudettia. That genus is composed of a
species with clear relationship to Elasmopus, a member
of the gammaroids. Through loss of mandibular palp,
reduction of the inner ramus of uropod 3, and telsonic
modification, Beaudettia approximates the talitroidean
grade of structure.
Families without clear similarities to' others are the
Ampeliscidae (possibly to Dexaminidae), Clarenciidae,
Colomastigidae, Didymocheilidae, Lysianassidae
(possibly to Stegocephalidae), and Maxillipiidae.
The Ampeliscidae are a very advanced group,
apparently completely divorced from .the corophioid
complex, which have developed pereopodal glands
and spun-silk tubes of a different form from those of
corophiids. Ampeliscid morphofunction is also discrete, as
far as we know. Ampeliscids have a mixture of characters
represented by argissids and dexaminids .• but those twp
families otherwise bear no similarities. Bamard (19690)
found many characters in common between Ampeliscidae
and Dexaminidae, generalities such as pleonal fusion,
gnathopods, antennal ornamentation associated with
sexual dimorphism, and diversity of pereopods 5 to 7,
coxae, mouthparts and uropods.
Similarities of the Colomastigidae are difficult to trace.
The body form is subcylindrical but the head is not of
the spheroid kind found in the Eophliantidae, the rami
of uropod 3 are present and elongate, the peduncle is
elongate and in some taxa the mandible apparently lacks
a true incisor, that characteristic having been replaced
by an enlarged spine row. Similarities to leucothoids are
seen in maxillipeds, uropods and telson.
The Lysianassidae are almost as fully diverse in
morphology as all of the other Gammaridea put together
and comprise about 20% of all marine genera and species
of the suborder. They are united together by their
clearly recognisable gnathopod 2 and furthermore share
an almost unique antenna 1, with very short and often
telescoped articles 2 to 3. Otherwise they have radiated
into species that exhibit all forms of inquilinous
specialisation such as 'piercing and sucking' mouthparts,
coalesced urosomites, reduced uropod 3 and into
numerous highly successful denizens of the pelagic
realm. The usual nestling and burrowing members also
occur in profusion. Some pelagic members are predatory
and some may have. developed narcotising glands. Even
wood boring is a presumed habit of some deep-sea
lysianassids eating waterlogged coconuts. But none has
developed the tubicoly of corophiids.
The retention of well-developed accessory flagellum
in the more primitive lysianassids suggests an affinity with
the basic gammaridean stock. There are resemblances to
Stegocephalidae, perhaps of convergence and suggesting
that Lysianassidae may have developed, like
Stegocephalidae, first as a pelagic group that later
reinvaded the benthic realm. The obligatorily pelagic
genera among the Lysianassidae are very highly
specialised but many unspecialised lysianassids of other
large genera (e.g., Orchomene) occur prominently in the
nekton. Elongation of article 3 on gnathopod 2 is not fully
unique to the Lysianassidae, as seen in section· B of the
written key to families. The functional morphology of
this lysianassid appendage, with its other unique characters,
should be a problem of major concern to gammaridean
evolutionists, and, as this work goes to press, several of
our colleagues have expressed doubts as to the integrity
of gnathopod 2 and may be in the process of extracting
one or more families from Lysianassidae that will prove
to have closer affinities to Gammarida than to
'Lysianassoidea'. Gnathopod 2 is not grossly dimorphic
in the two sexes and seems wholly inadequate, like
gnathopod 2. in so· many other families, of serving as a
sexual grasping appendage. Male gnathopod 2 often
serves· this function in those few Arnphipoda that have
been observed.,.in amplexus.
The Didymocheilidae have a vague resemblance to
Lysianassidae but also to Sebidae and Iphimediidae.
Article 3 of gnathopod 2 is scarcely elongate, both
gnathopods are parachelate, the mouthparts are grouped
together into a styliform bundle, and the mouthparts,
especially .the mandible~ have some aspects of
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
iphimediids. Uropod 3, is however, veS;tUllal.
The Clarenciidae have not been completely described
because they are based on a single individual lacking
urosomite 3 and uropods 1 to 3. The head lacks lateral
lobes, antenna 1 is short and telescopic, the. mouthparts
are rather ordinary, gnathopod 2 is a giant
propodochelate morph, coxae 3 to 4 are almost acuminate,
the pereopods seem to be ordinary and the body is
carinate.
The Maxillipiidae have as their most noteworthy
attribute the immensely elongate pereopod 6 with
flagellar dactyl. Their mouthparts are somewhat reduced,
the mandibles lacking palp, the inner plate of the
maxilliped being very thin and all the mouthparts being
poorly armed; the coxae are very short but· overlapping;
the head is large and somewhat like that found in the
stenothoid..amphilochid family groups, the accessory
flagellum is absent and uropod 3 is like amphilochids, with
long peduncle and two long rami; gnathopods are
enfeebled. One could make a. case that maxillipiids look
like amphilochids with reduced coxae 2 to 7 and elongate
pereopod 6.
The final manifold group is the greater Corophioidea
complex that is accorded superfamily rank but might be
elevated to sectional or subordinal level. The primitive
corophioid is conceived of as a morphological analogue
to the basic member of Gammaridae. Thus, Gammaropsis
(Corophiida) is scarcely distinct from Maera (Gammarida).
Until one examines the fleshy telson and pereopodal
glands of primitive corophioids one is struck by the great
similarity of generalised gammaroids and corophioids.
The latter have become very diverse in many of the
same ways as have the gammaridan stock but no highly
advanced inquilines' have appeared. Identification and
relationships are clouded by the frequent loss of those
glands in the Podoceridae, some Corophiidae, the
Cheluridae, and even the old nomenclatorial type of
Isaeidae, Isaea. A more basic example of the isaeid line
is Gammaropsis and its name should ideally be the root
of the stock. Corophioids comprise the Ampithoidae,
Biancolinidae, Cheluridae, Corophiidae, Ischyroceridae
and Podoceridae with the old Aoridae, Isaeidae,
Photidae andPseudomegamphopidae being temporarily
rejoined into the Corophiidae until a better division into
families can be discovered. The whole group is
considered under the. name Corophiida. Barnard &
Bamard (1983) have suggested that Corophiida (versus
Gammarida) are the more logical primitive Gammaridea
because of the unspecialised telson than are gammaroidlike amphipods which have specialised laminar telsonic
flaps.
The most advanced members of the corophioid group
have accumulated two morphological changes, "either
reversal in gnathopodal domination or development of a
partially to fully rigid urosome with loss of uropodal
structures. The gnathopodal reversal may ·be related to
a stronger than normal cephalic orientation required of
organisms living in tubes open to the anterior end of the
animal body. Rigidification of the urosome may assist the
organism.in maintaining a position' within the tube. Some
of these tube dwellers have even returned to making
23
burrows
lined) in the substrate.
Perhaps the Podoceridae have come closest to the
inquilinous function; their ecology and morphology are
poorly known but there has developed the impression
that most of their members have lost the spinning glands
and that many of them are strongly associated with
hydroid or bryozoan colonies, as if they were predatorial
browsers. At least one genus, Podocerus, has recently
been shown to be a filter feeder, stealing tubes of other
taxa and projecting the net-like antennae upwards into
water currents.
The stability and similarity among the mouthparts of the
members of the corophioid complex leads one to the view
that podocerids belong with the group. They are
frequently mentioned as the root stock of caprellids;
indeed, the family, Caprogammaridae (Kudrjaschov &
Vassilenko, 1966) has been described with further strong
evidence of podocerin-caprellid relationships; that family,
despite opinions of our colleagues to the contrary, is so
remote from corophioids that it is not included in this
work because it clearly is a recognisable caprellid.
Distinctions between isaeids and aorids are not clear
except that gnathopod 1 of aorids is either larger than
gnathopod 2 or is that member having sexual dimorphism.
The Corophiidae seem to be a . . polyphyletic group of
aorids and isaeids with pygidisation. They may include,
by convergence, some ischyrocerids also. The
Ampithoidae are fairly uniform by virtue of their third
uropods and the lschyroceridae, though analogous to
ampithoids because of the development of a
rudimentarily uncinate condition on the outer rami, .are
recognisable by the elongation of the peduncle.
Ischyroceridae rarely have the reversed, gnathopodal
domination. One corophiid, Ericthonius, appears to
combine features of Corophiidae ·and Ischyroceridae, . but
it is not the only 'corophiid' genus that gives trouble to
the systematist.
The lignivorous.Cheluridae have numerous
resemblances to the isaeid-corophiid line, but the fully
pygidised urosome reveals suture marks indicating that
urosomite··.3 has become extremely enlarged, a feature
unique to this family. There is no better demonstration
of the extreme genetic potential of numerous Amphipoda
in replicating long lost structures than by considering the
enormous, Maera-like gnathopod 1 of Chelura insulae
Calman.
Geographic Distribution of Marine
Gammaridea
The distribution.of few species of marine Gammaridea
is well known but the distribution of many genera is
well known· because of the cumulative data afforded by
each species. The genera· can therefore be organised
into biogeographic' groups based on thermal" zones,
depths and geographic regions.
We define: arctic and· antarctic .' = water temperature
always less than 4°C;. temperate (boreal and austral) =
temperature 4° to 1aoc for nine months per year; warm-
24
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
~"'IbA.I. 10° to 20°C for nine months per
year;
=
20°C+ for nine months per
we hereafter
year.
to results of our data
combine arctic and
and call this 'arctic-boreal'
and combine antarctic and the equivalent southern
zone and call this 'antarctic-austral'; warmis divisible into 'north' and 'south'. Refinements
denoted
the prefix 'sub' such as 'subarctic' may be
mentioned occasionally but in the ultimate data sets
these have been combined with their principal zones or
regions. We use 'cold-temperate' as a synonym of boreal
or austral for emphatic contrast to warm-temperate and
to indicate the generality of zones colder than 10°C.
Definitions by depth: littoral-sublittoral, 0 to 200 rn,
automatically the depth limits of any geographic region
named patfonymically or any zone or region not
otherwise' specifically designated as bathyal or abyssal;
200 to 2000 m, bathyal; 2000 to 10400 m, abyssal; deepsea = 200 to 10400 m; + and ++ are degrees of estimates
based on our knowledge of new works in progress by
our colleagues. Other notations will follow within lists and
tables.
Genera can be sorted out relatively easily by gross
thermal zones because faunistic monographers have
concentrated primarily within these zones. Only Sars
(1895),Chevreux & Fage (1925) and Schellenberg
(1926a) have written faunistic monographs broadly
overlapping two zones. Other large scale papers,
seemingly monographic, are but obvious collectors'
assemblages. Warm-temperate analyses in both
hemispheres have suffered for the lack of discretion
between that zone and either tropics or boreal (= coldtemperate) and we have not taken the time to segregate
precisely th~ boundaries between the broad arcticsubarctic and cold-temperate zones in describing the
distribution of. each species; likewise in the southern
hemisphere. Arctic Amphipoda of the north polar basin
far from land are very poorly known and probably very
sparse; most of the northern Siberian, Alaskan,
Canadian, Greenlandian and Norwegian shores and, the
Okhotsk Sea are placed in the arctic-subarctic zone;
Iceland and the outer Kamchatka Peninsula are
considered as bortal (t:uld-iemperaie), and ihai zone
extends southward to the Japan Sea, middle California,
Cape Hatteras, and the Breton Capes; the warmtemperate includes the southern and Baja Californias,
Mediterranean Sea, much of north-west Africa, and the
northern Gulf of Mexico; south warm-temperate includes
the south-western and south-eastern coasts of Australia,
South Africa, and Peru to middle Chile, and a~tually
includes many taxa in the New Zealand fauna which is
partly derived from warm-temperate Australia; austral
includes Tasmania and much of New Zealand, and in
South America includes all ofScheUenberg's (1931)
Magellan and Falkland fauna. South Georgian faunas are
put into the antarctic-subantarctic classification. The
tropics of western South America end .at approximately
4°S. Warm-::temperate of eastern South America is
indefinable but of no consequence because of the near
absence of gammaridean studies along most of that
coast except in obvious tropical or cold-temperate.
"V.I..I..l.IJV.I.
f-a-nn-nt:1I111"Q1ra
V
As stated above the finer divisions of the
zones and regions mentioned
did not
we want to make herein
prove to be of value to the
regarding the overall contrasts between the
and
torrid zones of the world.
Gammaridean genera have been found to fall
relatively easily into these broad classes: arctic-boreal,
antarctic-austral, tropics, and north and south warmtemperate. The genera are either confined to one class
or are of such wide distribution as to be called
cosmopolitan. The latter term, however, primarily refers
to shallow water (O-200m, also known as littoralsublittoral) genera that radiate outwards from tropioal
regions into boreal regions but not necessarily into arctic
or antarctic regions, and there has been little point in so
splitting the analyses to segregate cosmopolitan genera
that extend high into polar regions. Bathyal and abyssal
(including hadal) faunas are highly discrete, poorly
influenced by submergent polar faunas (except in the
North Atlantic), and, thus, are recognisable as distinct
from latitudinal considerations; the few deep-sea genera
that have been found only in polar regions have been
removed from their endemic position in those regions to
the deep-sea classifications.
No precise statistical methods have been used in
dealing with problem genera, those with distributions
partially overlapping two classes, because a bit of
subjectivism has been applied in each case and because
the principle of'centralism' has been utilised. Genera
are thus considered to be confined primarily to that zone
in which 'most' of the species occur, to wit: a genus with
two boreal and one warm-temperate species is
considered to be boreal but a genus with eight boreal,
two warm-temperate and one tropical species is put into
the cosmopolitan class on the probability that more
tropical species remain to be described.
The results of this subjective analysis are presented
in Table 1. On first sight the data seem to reveal mostly
a relationship to study effort, with faunas of low latitudes
or southern quartospheres suffering by comparison with
well-studied arctic-boreal zones. On the other hand, the
data seem reasonable if one considers that austral zones
are few in number, smali in size, and iow in habitat
diversity compared with the extensive boreal zones;
except for small oceanic islands the austral zone is
confined to Tasmania, New Zealand, and two coasts of
South America, whereas north boreal zones have four
coasts on two continents and a significant disjunct
subarctic embayment, the Okhotsk Sea. The rich
antarctic shelves are a strong contrast to the polar-arctic
impoverishment but perhaps the most striking implication
in the data is the low count of tropical endemic, genera.
Even though numerous species of tropical amphipods
remain to be described, our experience in 'sorting
through quantities of tropical materials suggests that most
of these species will be described in known .genera.
New genera seem to be confined primarily to
inquilinous forms probably associated with the vast
numbers .of sessile tropical invertebrates. Thus,
Gammaridea are primarily a cool-water group in terms of
generic diversity; this is reflected in their strong
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
of the
Their body sizes are
associated with thermal conditions in shallow
waters, the larger bodies occurring in colder water. This
does not apply to deepsea benthic Arnphipoda,
however, for there is strong indication
Barnard,
1962d) that body size becomes smaller or remains
relatively static with increase of bottom depth along a
latitudinal line.
About 40 of the 74 marine families of Gammaridea can
be classified as cosmopolitan in distribution but the other
34 are moderately to strongly confined to specific
regions or thermal zones (see below). They are primarily
cold-water oriented, for only 15 small families with 26
genera and 71 species are confined to warm shallow
waters of low latitudes. This seems to confirm the
orientation of Gammaridea to cool waters.
The geographic distribution of non-cosmopolitan
gammaridean families, or those almost wholly confined to
such classification, is as follows: # = almost wholly
confined; + and ++ are estimates of species in regions
and zones under study where final totals are not precisely
known:
ANTARCTIC-AuSTRAL: #Iphimediidae (except
paramphithoid section), Cardenioidae, Cheiidae,
Table
1.
Geographic
classification
of marine
gammaridean genera by dominance July 1986, with
freshwater, terrestrial and fossil genera.
Class or Zone Dominantly
Cosmopolitan
Antarctic-Antiboreal
South warm-temperate
Tropical*
North warm-temperate
Arctic-boreal
Bipolar tropical submergents
Bathyal
Abyssal
Freshwater
(not subtr. common to sea)
(Freshwater exclusively)
Terrestrial
Fossil
Genera
58
105
132
136
53
167
22
89
47
-235
Local
Species in
those
Genera
(1639)
(259)
(326)
(379)
(107)
(711)
(403)
(538)
(94)
1197
(180)
28
12
uncounted
187
17
TOTAL
NP
NP
1986 July Marine Taxa
(count update)
842
4534
23
(159)
(11)
(29)
(17)
(163)
* Pivision of Tropical into zones
NP = not pertinent
Pantropical
E. Pacific only
Panamic isthmian
Atlantic
Indo-Pacific
8
9
14
82
25
Phoxocephalopsidae
Pseudamphilochidae (South America),
Zobrachoidae.
South WARM-TEMPERATE: Bolttsiidae (South Africa),
Ceinidae (Australia-New Zealand), Condukiidae
(Australia), Iciliidae (Australia to Borneo),
Phreatogammaridae (New Zealand), Temnophliantidae
(South Africa).
TROPICAL: Anamixidae, Bateidae (American), Kuriidae
(west Indian Ocean), Maxillipiidae (Indian Ocean),
Nihotungidae (south-west Pacific), Paracalliopiidae
(India to New Zealand), Plioplateidae (west Indian
Ocean), Tulearidae (west Indian Ocean).
BOREAL: Carangoliopsidae (deep Mediterranean),
Cressidae (Atlantic), Dogielinotidae (Pacific),
Gammaroporeiidae (Pacific), Haustoriidae (Atlantic),
Lafystiidae, Mesogammaridae (Pacific), Najnidae
(Pacific), Pontoporeiidae (Atlantic).
COLD WATER, BIPOLAR SUBMERGENTS: #Eusiridae,
Lysianassidae, Oedicerotidae, Pleustidae, paramphithoid
section of Iphimediidae, Pardaliscidae, Stegocephalidae,
Stilipedidae, Synopiidae, thaumatelsonin section of
Stenothoidae.
WARM WATER; Low LATITUDES: Phliantidae,
#prophliantin members of Dexaminidae.
DEEP-SEA:
#Hyperiopsidae,
Pardaliscidae,
Stegocephalidae,
Stilipedidae,
Synopiidae,
#Vitjazianidae.
There is scarcely a coastline where an exploratory
taxonomist interested in species diversity .cannot make
some contribution, as Gurjanova (1962) has so ably shown
in her study of the boreal-subarctic north Pacific; .the
taxonomist of western Europe, however, must move into
beta-taxonomy and the north-western Atlantic taxonomist
must .move in that direction. The north-east Pacific
taxonomist must be oriented to the groundwork laid
down in Russian Pacific works. The exploratory
taxonomist interested in total generic diversity will find
the greatest needs for study in all warm-temperate
zones, the austral, the tropics, and various islands of low
latitudes.
Endemicity
This section looks at data of generic endemicity
within definable marine biotopes. These biotopes are a
mixture of thermal zones and geographic regions and the
term 'region' will be used to include any area we have
defined regardless of its size or thermal properties. The
data are 'redefined in the next section below much more
subjectively in terms . only of thei! dominance.
The species of all genera of Gammaridea were'
assembled in a computer· matrix and assigned geographic
code numbers as found in Bamard & Barnard (1983,
volume 1: 184-203) and as based on an extensive review
of literature. All of the tables concerned with
biogeography herein are based on that matrix. The
matrix is altered monthly as newly published papers are
26
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
received so that it evolves
The matrix was
'sampled' from time to time to compose our tables herein
and therefore various totals may not jibe from table to
of any tabular subsection
table, though the internal
were sampled synoptically.
The matrix has been used to prepare the lists of
endemic genera in List 3 in stated world regions, for
example, shallow water of southern Australia or world
abyssal.
List 3. Endemic genera in stated zones or regions; for
geographic regions data limited to 0-200m; # = slightly less
than 100%, except in sections so noted; ( ) = subgenus:
ABYSSAL: Alicella, Aristiopsis, Astyroides,
#Bathyceradocus, Bathyschaderia, Bogenfelsia,
#Bruzeliopsis, Bruunosa, #Caleidoscopsis, Cebocaris,
Cedrosella, Clepidecrella, Elimedon, Epereopus,
Eucallisoma, Galathella, Hopiphoxus, Lepechinelloides,
Lepechinellopsis, Lepiduristes, Mesocyphocaris,
Metaceradocoides, Necochea, Oedicerina, Paradryope,
Parahalice, #Paralicella, Parandaniexis, Pardaliscopsis,
Paronesimoides, Parpano, Pleustostenus, #Princaxelia,
Steleuthera, Valettia, #Valettietta, #Vemana, Ventiella,
Vitjaziana, #Urothoides.
AFRICA, SOUTH: Basuto, Bolttsia, Calliopiella, Cunicus,
Dikwa, Elasmopoides, Hoplopleol1' Hystriphlias,
Isaeopsis,
Isipingus,
Janice,
Knysmetopa,
Macropisthopous, Paramoerella, Phoxostoma, Plioplateia,
Rostrogitanopsis, Septcarnes, Temnophlias, Unguja.
ANTARCTiC-AUSTRAL: Acanthonotozomella, Acanthonotozomoides, Acanthonotozomopsis, Acontiostoma,
Actinacanthus,
Ambasiopsis,
Anchiphimedia,
Anisoiphimedia, Anonychocheirus, Antatelson,
Antarctogeneia, Atyloella, Atylopsis, Austroregia,
Bathypanoploea, Bovallia, Cardenio, Ceradocoides,
Cheirimedon, Cheus, Chosroes, Cicadosa, Clarencia,
Djerboa,Echiniphimedia, Eke lofia , #Epimeriella,
Eurymera, Falklandia, Fuegiphoxus, Gainella,
Gnathiphimedia, Halicella (B), Haplocheira, Huarpe,
Iphimediella, Iphinotus, Kergueleniola, Kuphocheira,
Liouvillea, Lopiceros
(A),
Maxilliphimedia,
Melphisubchela, Metaleptamphopus, Metoediceros,
Metopoides, Nodotergum, Pagetina, Paraceradocus,
Paranchiphimedia, Parapanoploea, Parapherusa,
Paraperioculodes, Parapherusa, Parathaumatelson,
Parepimeria,
Pariphimedia,
Paroediceroides,
Parschisturella, Phoxocephalopsis, Phoxorgia,
Podoprionides, Pontogeneoides, Probolisca, Proharpinia,
Prolaphystiopsis, Prolaphystius, Prostebbingia,
Prothaumatelson, Pseudambasia, Pseudamphilochus,
Pseuderichthonius, Pseudiphimediella, Pseudischyrocerus, Pseudokoroga, Pseudonesimoides,
Pseudorchomene, Pseudothaumatelson, Puelche,
Stegopanoploea, Stegophippsiella, Stephensenia,
Thaumatelson, #Torometopa,.· Tonocote, Tryphosoides,
Tylosapis, Valettia, Zaramilla, Zhadia.
ARCTIC-BOREAL: Acanthonotozoma, Acanthostepheia,
Accedomoera, Ambasia, Ambasiella, Amphilochopsis,
#Amphiporeia, Andaniella, Andaniopsis, Anisogammarus,
Arctolembos, Arctopleustes, Arrhinopsis, Arrhis,
Astyroides, Barrowgammarus, Boeckosimus, Caeconynx,
Calliopius, ·Casco, ..·Centromedon, Cheirimedeia,
Dogielinoides,
Eogammarus,
Eohaustorioides, Eusyrophoxus, Gammaroporeia, Goesia,
Gronella, Gulbarentsia,
Haustorioides,
Kyska, Lepechinelloides, Leptophoxus, Locustogammarus, Machaironyx, Martensia, Melitoides,
Melphidippella,
Menigrates,
Menigratopsis,
Mesogammarus, Mesophoxus, Metaceradocoides,
Metacyclocaris, Metambasia, Metopella, Paroediceroides,
Paronesimus, Phippsia, Phippsiella, Pleustomesus,
Pleustostenus, Pleusymtes, Priscillina, Proboscinotus,
Prostenothoe,
Psammonyx,
Pseudoanonyx,
Pseudoanonyx, Pseudunciola, Ramellogammarus,
Rhynohalicella, Rifcus, Sextonia, Spasskogammarus,
Spinulogammarus,
Stegocephalina,
Stegoplax,
Stenopleustes, Tmetonyx, Uncinotarsus, Wecomedon,
Weyprechtia, Xenodice.
ATLANTIC, NORTH-WESTERN: #Acanthohaustorius,
#Amphiporeia, Casco, Lepidactylis, Neohaustorius,
Parahaustorius, #Protohaustorius, UPseudohaustorius,
Pseudunciola.
AUSTRALIA, Southern, # = eastern, this region:
Ausatelson, Australoecetes, Austropheonoides,
Baracuma, Birubius, #Booranus, Brolgus, Bumeralius,
Chucullba, Condukius, Conicostoma, Cunmurra,
Delkarlye, #Dirimus, #Drummondia, Dryopoides,
Elpeddo, Eophliantis, Exoediceroides, Exoediceros,
Gabophlias, Ganba, #Gheegerus, Gitanogeiton,
Goratelson, Hoho, Japara, Jerildaria, #Katocalliope,
Kondoleus, Kotla, Kulgaphoxus, Kuritus, Leipsuropus,
Leongathus, Limnoporeia, Matong, Meraldia,
N arapheonoides,
N arunius,
N otoediceros,
Paracyproidea, ? Parharpinia, #Paraleucothoe,
Paraoroides, Parexoediceros, Platyischnopus, Pranti'lus,
Prophlias, Prosocratus, Pseudomoera, Quasimodia,
Rhinoecetes, Rikkarus, Sancho, Sheardella, Tickalerus,
Tipimegus, Tittakunara, Tomituka, Tottungus, Tuldarus,
Unyapheonoides, #Urohaustorius,
Uldanamia,
Urophoxus (= Pontharpinia), Yammacoona, fan,
Yulumara, Yurrokus, Warragaia, Zobracho.
BATHYAL or deeper: Adeliella, Africoecetes,
Anoediceros, Arculfia, Aristiopsis, Austropleustes,
Austrosyrrhoe, Bathyamaryllis, Bathyceradocus,
Bathyphotis, Bathystegocephalus, Bonnierella,
Bouvierella, Bruzeliopsis, Byblisoides, Caeconynx,
Carangolia, Chevreuxiella, Chevreuxius, Clarencia,
Cleonardo, Cleonardopsis, Coximedon, Coxophoxus,
Cressina, Crybelocephalus, Crybelocyphocaris,
Cyclocaris, Cyphocarioides, Cyphocaris, Danaella,
Dautzenbergia, Dulichiopsis, Eurythenes, Eusirella,
Eusirogenes, Eusiropsis, Eusyrophoxus, Falklandia,
Finoculodes, Gainella, Halice, Halicella, Hansenella,
Hirondellea, Hyperiopsis, Ileraustroe, Izinkala, Jeddo,
Joubinella, Knysmetopa, Koroga, Latacunga,
#Lepechinella, Lepidepecreella, Lepidepecreoides,
Maeropsis,
Megaceradocus,
Membrilopus,
M esocyphocaris, M esopleustes, M etacyclocaris,
M etambasia,
M etacyphocaris,
Mete usiroides,
Onesimoides,
Palabriophoxus,
Paracallisoma,
#Paracentromedon, Paracyphocaris, Parahalice,
Paralepechinella, Paralicella, Parandania, Parargissa,
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Pardaliscoides, Pareusirogenes, Pontogeneoides,
Procyphocaris, Prolaphystiopsis,
Pseudamaryllis, Pseudharpinia, Pterunciola, Regalia,
Runanga, Scopelocheiropsis, #Scopelocheirus,
Stegocephalina, Stegoplax, Stephobruzelia, Stilipes,
Thoriella, Tosilus, Valettiella, Valettietta, Valettiopsis.
CALIFORNIA-WEST MEXICO: Cornudilla, Garosyrrhoe,
Lignophliantis, Lupimaera, Macronassa, Meximaera,
Nasageneia, Ocosingo (= Fresnillo), Posiphotis,
Rildardanus, Rimakoroga, Zoedeutopus.
CARIBBEAN-IsTHMUS: Amphideutopus, B atea,
Confodiopisa, Corocubanus, #Eudevenopus, Falcanassa,
Garosyrrhoe, #Heterophlias, Hoplopheonoides, Liocuna,
N etame lita, Protohadzia, Pseudoamphithoides,
Rudilemboides, Skaptopus, Tabatzius, Tiburonella.
HAWAII: (Kamehatylus), Mokuoloe, (Wailele),
Rotomelita.
MADAGASCAR: Aurohornellia, Ceradomoera,
#Diogodias, Incratella, Madapisella, #Metaphoxoides,
Ochlesodius, Tulearus, Urothopsis, Vasco, Vicitopisa.
MAGELLAN-FALKLAND: Austroregia, #Bathyporeiapus,
Cheus, Exoediceropsis, #Fuegiphoxus, Huarpe,
Metoediceros, #Phoxocephalopsis, #Phoxorgia,
#Proharpinia, Prolaphystiopsis, Pseudeurystheus,
Pseudiphimediella, Pseudokoroga, Pseudothaumatelson,
Puelche, Stephensenia, Tryphosoides.
MEDITERRANEAN:
Amphitholina,
Aroui,
C arangoliopsis, I mpertiopisa, Long igammarus,
Marinobogidiella,
Neogammarus,
Parunciola,
Pseudopeltocoxa, Rhinolabia, Styloxenodice.
NEW ZEALAND: Acheronia, Anisoiphimedia,
C ephalophoxus,
C haetocorophium,
Iphinotus,
Manerogeneia, Neocyproidea, Otagia, Pagurisaea, Patuki,
Parajoubinella,
Parathaumatelson,
Peltopes,
Pseudopleonexes, Rakiroa, Stegosoladidas, Synphoxus,
#Tagua, Taihape, Tetradeion, Trichophoxus,
Waipirophoxus, Waitangi, Waitomo, Whangarusa.
NEW ZEALAND-AUSTRALIA: Booranus, Syndexamine.
OKHOTSK
SEA:
Derjugiana,
Mesophoxus,
Pleustostenus, Pseudoanonyx, Rifcus.
TROPICAL, # = Atlantic-Isthmus: Abdia, Aborolobatea,
Afrogitanopsis, Aloloi, Amphithoides, Anchialella,
Anamixis, Aorchoides, Aorella, Aurohornellia,
Azotostoma,
#Batea,
Beaudettia,
#Bonassa,
Borneoecetes,
#Caribboecetes,
Ceradom,oera,
#C ocoharpinia,
#C oncarnes,
C oncholestes,
#Corocubanus,
#Cyclotelson,
#Dartenassa,
Dexaminoculus, Diogodias, Dirimus, #Falcanassa,
Flagitopisa, #Galapsiellus, Garosyrrhoe, Gheegerus,
Grandidierella, Haustoriopsis, #Heterophlias, Ifalukia,
Incratella, Indocalliope, #Insula, Josephosella, Kanaloa,
Katocalliope, Konatopus, Kuria, Ledoyerella,
Liagoceradocus, Liocuna, #Lucayrina, Madapisella,
Maleriopa, Maxillipius, Metatiron, Microlysias,
Microphotis, Mokuoloe, Nainaloa, Nippopisella,
Ochlesodius, Orientocoetes, Paradusa, Paraniphargus,
Perioculopsis, Plumithoe, #Podobothrus, #Posophotis,
Pseudelasmopus, Pseudoamphithoides, #Rildardanus,
Ritaumius, Ronco, Rotomelita, Scolopostoma, Sebadexius,
Seborgia, Socarnella, Spelaeonicippe, Stenopleuroides,
Synopia, #Tabatzius, Tegano, Tulearus, Urothopsis,
27
#Varohios,
#Zoedeutopus.
The Composition of a Faunule
This section differs from 'Endemicity' in that the
genera are reclassified as to their dominance but not
necessarily their endemicity to a definable faunule. A
faunule is the aggregate of taxa of Gammaridea in one
thermal zone, geographic province, region, or habitat.
Six major faunules are well known: cold-temperate of
north-east Atlantic; cold-temperate of north-west Atlantic;
cold-temperate of north-west Pacific (including the arcticlike Okhotsk region); circum-subarctic encompassing the
Norwegian basin and the north coasts of Siberia; the
warm temperate of north-east Atlantic including the
western Mediterranean; and finally, the circum-antarcticsubantarctic faunule. Two faunules secondarily well
known are those of the South African warm-temperate
and the north-eastern Pacific warm-temperate. The
faunules of individual islands or small geographic areas
also have been more _intensively studied than of -these
larger provinces, examples being Plymouth (England),
Naples (Italy), South Georgia Island, Madagascar, Hawaii
and Fiji.
A good model fauI1.ule is that of southern California
because it is midlatitudinal and the only one relatively
well explored by quantitative sampling (more than 8000
samples). The littoral-sublittoral (coastal shelf 0-100m)
faunule comprises 250 reported species of which 118
species live in both littoral and shallow sublittoral depths;
thus the littoral (intertidal) faunule totals 138 species,
including about five species of beachhoppers and the
sublittoral (coastal shelf) faunule totals 166 species (but
note that the sketchy update shows a total of 250 species,
Table 2).
Various other faunules are compiled in Table 2. No
attempt has been made to modernise certain faunules
such as Sars' Norwegian boreal in order to maintain
congruency- among the reports; thus each -faunule
presumably represents a minimal statement on diversity
as a result of extensive, but not exhaustive exploration.
Generic domination within a faunule may occur
through specific diversity (List 4). For example, the abyss
is dominated by Alexandrella, Amathillopsis, Ampelisca,
etc., which have more than - two species each; because
the abyss has many fewer species than shallower -zones,
the minimum qualifying number of species per genus for
a dominant genus is low, whereas', for example in the
shallow arctic-boreal the -number is raised to five
because of the higher number of species per genus -in
the zone. These few -examples may give the reader an
approximation of what to expect in -commencing
quantitative -explorations of provinces.
List 4. Dominance of genera in stated zones or
regions (= faunules);-numbers after genera show number
of species in zone; this differs from List 3 in listing all
genera with more than a minimum relative number of
28
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
species in each zone; for example, Ampelisca as a genus
is not dominant in the abyss in List 3 but Ampelisca in
the context of List 4 has a significant number of species
in the abyss relative to its depauperment:
ABYSSAL: Alexandrella 3, Amathillopsis 3, Ampelisca 6,
Andaniexis 5,Bathymedon 5, Bonnierella 5, Bruzelia 7,
Byblis 5, Cleonardo 7, Cyphocaris 4, Epimeria 5, Eusirus
4, Haploops 3, Halice 9, Harpinia-HarpiniopsisPseudharpinia
Hippomedon 6, Hirondellea 3,
Hyperiopsis 6, Ischyrocerus 3, Lepechinella 13,
Leucothoe 3, Liljeborgia 3, Monoculodes 4, Oediceroides
3, Orchomene 10, Paralicella 5, Parargissa 3,
Pardaliscoides 3, Pseudotiron 4,Rhachotropis 9,
Schisturella 5, Scopelocheirus 3, Syrrhoites 6,
Table 2. Number of species and genera of Gammaridea in known faunules. Data from July 1986 except where
noted.
Region
Arctic-Boreal O~ 200 m, all fauna
Arctic-Boreal 0-10,000 m, endemic species
Arctic-Boreal 0-10,000 m, endemic genera
Norway (Sars, 1895), boreal section,
0-80 fms
0-50 fms
Plymouth, England (Plymouth Marine Fauna),
intertidal
British Isles (Lincoln, 1979) 0-50 m
Om
1-2m
3-50m
Isle of Man (Bruce et al., 1963) intertidal
New England 0-50 m
Warm-temperate, N, 0-200 m, all species
Warm-temperate California
intertidal (compiled)
sublittoral
total, less common to both
New Count, 1986
Mediterranean France
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925), intertidal
Atlantic France
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925), intertidal
Tropical world 0-200 m all species
Tropical endemic genera 0-200 m
Tropical endemic species 0-200 m
Indo-Pacific tropicsincluding Red Sea
Hawaii,·0-50 m (J.L. Barnard, 1970)
Fiji (Myers, 1985c)
Madagascar 0-50 m (Ledoyer, 1982, 1986)
Caribbean Sea 0-200 m all species
South Africa 0-200 m (Griffiths, 1976a)
New Zealand, 0-2 m
South Georgia Island
South Georgia Island, intertidal only
(Schellenberg, 1931)
Falkland Islands, intertidal
(Schellenberg, 1931)
Magellan continental, intertidal
(Schellenberg, 1931)
Antarctic-Austral endemic genera
0-10,000 m (incl. Australia)
(If Australia removed)
Antarctic-Austra.l .endemic species
0-10,000 m (incl. Australia)
Antarcfic-Austral all species
0-200 m
Bathyal-Abyssal species only
Abyssal only
Bathyal-Abyssal all species including those
also f<;lund in shallower depths
Genera
Species
277
'(276)
97
1078
1088
(184)
115
110
63
221
203
92
124
52
63
109
40
70
(248)
271
105
128
225
66
125
945
66
98
112
118
41
138
166
186
250
72
69
109
(285)
91
(243)
207
51
48
120
(100)
114
62
88
45
1095
(137)
844
714
119
80
287
210
232
113
159
62
48
63
57
77
160
(279)
118
(306)
(210)
894
(315)
938
(236)
(109)
(311)
765
199
1163
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Tryphosella-Uristes 8.
AFRICA, Southern: Abludomelita
Ampelisca
Aora 2, Ceradocus 2, Eriopisella 2, Gammaropsis 5,
Grandidierella 4, Guernea 2, Hoplopleon 3, Hyale 2,
lphimedia 4, lschyrocerus 3, Laetmatophilus 3, L
emboides 3, Lembos 2, Leucothoe·2, Listriella 3, Maera
7, Ochlesis 2, Orchomene 2, Paramoera 3, Photis 3,
Podocerus 3, Stenothoe 2, Unciolella 2, Uristes 2,
Urothoe 7.
ANTARCTICA-AuSTRAL: Acanthonotozomella 3,
Ambasiopsis 3, Ampelisca 8, Antatelson 4, Aora 4,
Austroregia 3, Bathyporeiapus 3, Ceradocopsis 4,
Echiniphimedia 3, Epimeriella 6, Eusirus 6, Fuegiphoxus
4, Gammaropsis 14, Gnathiphimedia 6, Gondogeneia 18,
Hippomedon 3, Hyale 5, lphimedia 6, lphimediella 10,
Kerguelenia 5, Lepidepecreella4, Lepidepecreum 4,
Liljeborgia 7, Mesoproboloides 5, Metopoides 9,
Oediceroides 5, Oradarea 13, Orchomene 26,
Pachychelium 3, Pagetina 4, Paraceradocus 6,
Paradexamine 4, Paramoera 20, Paraperioculodes 6,
Parawaldeckia 14, Pardalisca 3, Parepimeria 6,
Pariphimedia 3, Parschisturella 3, Phoxocephalopsis 5,
Polycheria 10, Probolisca 3, Prostebbingia 6, Schraderia
5, Seba 5, Stomacontion 6, Torometopa 9, Tryphosella 10,
Uristes 9.
ARCTIC-BOREAL, including some northern hemisphere
endemic genera also found in warm-temperate:
Abludomelita 7, Acanthohaustorius 7, Acanthonotozoma 9,
Ampelisca 9, Ampithoe 16, Anonyx 38, Aora-Aoroides 7,
Apherusa 15, Aristias 6, Atylus 12, Bathymedon 10,
Bathyporeia 8, Boeckosimus 13, Byblis 14, Cheirimedeia
8, Corophium 9, Cressa 8, Dulichia 6,Dulichiopsis 6
(deep), Dyopedos 6, Echinogammarus-Gammarus 7-19,
Eogammarus 9, Eohaustorius 6, Ericthonius 8, Foxiphalus
7, Gammaropsis 11, Grandifoxus 7, Halirages 6, Harpinia
6, Hippomedon 13, Ischyrocerus 22, Lepidepecreum 9,
Leptocheirus 12, Leucothoe 5, Melita 8, Metopa 40,
Metopella 5, Microprotopus 5, Monoculodes 28,
Oediceros 5, Onisimus 6, Orchomene 25, Parametopella
5, Paramoera 5, Paramphithoe 7, Parapleustes 16,
Pareurystheus 7, Paroediceros 5, Photis 14, Pleustes 7,
Pleusymtes 20·, Pontogeneia 8, Proboloides 6,
Protomedeia 10, Rhepoxynius 15, Stenopleustes 6,
Stenothoe 8, Stenothoides 5, Stenula 10, Tmetonyx 8,
Tryphosella 13, Unciola 5, Urothoe 6, Wecomedon 5,
Westwoodilla 6.
ATLANTIC NORTH-WEST temperate: Acanthohaustorius
7, Ampelisca 8, Amphiporeia 3, Ampithoe 3, Anonyx 5,
Atylus 3, Boeckosimus 3, Corophium 9, Dulichia 5,
Ericthonius 3, Gammarus 11, Harpinia 7, Hippomedon 4,
Maera 3, Melita 5, Metopa 8, Metopella 4, Orchomene
5, Parahaustorius 4, Photis 3, Rhachotropis 4, Unciola 4.
AUSTRAL ISLANDS: Acontiostoma 2, Antatelson 2, Aora
4, Ceradocopsis 4, Gammaropsis 2, Gondogeneia 5, Hyale
3, Paramoera 12, Parawaldeckia 5, Polycheria 3,
Stenothoe 3, Stomacontion 4.
AUSTRALIA Southern: Amaryllis (++), Ampelisca 11,
Ampithoe 4, Aora 5, Australocoetes 3, Austropheonoides
5, Birubius 37, Brolgus 5, Byblis 3, Cephalophoxoides 5,
Ceradocus 5, Cerapus (++), Elasmopus (+), Gammarella
4, Gammaropsis 3+, Gondogeneia (+), Guernea 4,
29
Hoplopleon 3, Hyale 8, lcilius 3, Iphimedia 3, Lembos
(++), Liljeborgia (+), Limnoporeia 7, Leucothoe
(especially in Pyura colonies) 8+, Maera 3+, Mallacoota
(+), Melita (+), Metaphoxus 3, Moolapheonoides 3,
Paracalliope 3+, Paradexamine 20, Paramoera (+),
Parawaldeckia (3+), Parelasmopus (+), Photis (+),
Podocerus 3+, Quasimodia 4, Stenothoe 4+, Syndexamine
5, Tethygeneia 5, Tipimegus 5, Urohaustorius 12,
Urothoides 7, Waldeckia 3, Wildus 2~+.
BATHYAL or deeper; # = pelagic: Aceroides-Arrhis 7,
Alexandrella 5, Amathillopsis 7, Ampelisca 48, Andaniexis
8, Anonyx 9, Aristias 14, Astyra 5, Bathymedon 15,
Boeckosimus 7, Bonnierella 8, Bruzelia 9, Byblis 27,
Byblisoides 6, Cleonardo 9, #Crybelocephalus 5,
#Cyphocaris 8, Dulichiopsis 6,Epimeria 20, Euonyx 7,
#Eusirella 5, #Eusirogenes 5, #Eusirus 16, Gammaropsis
17, Halice 12, Halicoides 9, Haploops 12, Harpinia 16,
Harpiniopsis 18, Hippomedon 22, Hirondellea 7,
#Hyperiopsis 7, Iphimediella 8, Ischyrocerus 11,
Lepechinella 29, Lepidepecreella 5, Lepidepecreum 12,
Leucothoe 7, Liljeborgia 9, Metopa 14, Monoculodes 19,
Oediceroides 20, Orchomene 36, #Paralicella 5,
#Parargissa 6, Pardalisca 5, Phippsiella 10, Photis 7,
Proboloides 7, Pseudharpinia 9, Pseudotiron 5,
#Rhachotropis 37, Rhepoxynius 5, Schisturella 7,
Stegocephaloides 6, Stenothoe 7, Syrrhoe 8, Syrrhoites
18, Torometopa 6, #Trischizostoma 7, Tryphosella 27,
Unciola 7, Uristes 12, Urothoe 7, Westwoodilla 5.
BATHYPELAGIC, # = demersal: #Cleonardo 9,
Crybelocephalus 5, Cyphocaris 8, Eusirella 5,
Eusirogenes 5, #Eusirus 22, #Halice 14, #Halicoides 10,
#Hirondellea 7, Hyperiopsis 7, loubinella 5, #Paralicella
5, #Parargissa 6, #Rhachotropis 43.
BRITISH ISLES: Ampelisca 10, Amphilochus 4, Ampithoe
4, Apherusa 6, Atylus 4, Bathyporeia 8, Cheirocratus 3,
Corophium 12, Gammaropsis 4, Gammarus 10, Harpinia
5, Hyale 4, Jassa 4, Lembos 3, Leptocheirus 4, Leucothoe
4, Lysianassa 3, Maera 3, Melita 6, Metopa 9,
Microdeutopus 6, Monoculodes 5, Stenothoe 7,
Tryphosella 3, Urothoe 5.
CALIFORNIA, GULF of: Ampelisca 13, Ampithoe 4,
Batea 4, Elasmopus 7, Gammaropsis 3, Hyale 4, Maera
3, Parhyale 3,;cPhotis 5.
CALIFORNIA, Southern: Ampelisca 17, Amphilochus 3,
Ampithoe-Peramphithoe 10, Batea 3, Corophium 6,
Elasmopus 6, Foxiphalus 6, Gammaropsis 8, Hyale 7,
Ischyrocerus 3, Listriella 5, Monoculodes 6, Orchomene
4, Photis 8, Podocerus 3,Rhepoxynius 11, Schisturella 3,
Stenothoe 5, Synchelidium 3++.
CARIBBEAN, # = estimate: Acanthohaustorius 3#,
Ampelisca 15, Amphilochus 3, Ampithoe 5, Anamixis 7#,
Batea 3, Caribbocoetes 4, Ceradocus 5, Cerapus 3#,
Chevalia 3#, Colomastix 10#, Conjodiopisa 2, Corophium
6, Cymadusa 3#, Elasmopus 8#, Gammaropsis 3#,
Gitanopsis 3, Hyale ~ 3, Lembos 15, Leucothoe 5#,
Liljeborgia 4#, Listriella 4, Maera 5#, Melita 4,
Monoculodes 3#, Photis 4#, Stenothoe 3#, Synopia 3#,
Tethygeneia 3#.
GALAPAGOS: Ampithoe 6, Elasmopus 7, Hyale 4,
Maera 2.
HARBOURS, ESTUARIES, LAGOONS - species totals not
30
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Paracalliope
Stenothoe.
HAWAIIAN: Amphilochus 3, Ampithoe 5, Colomastix 3,
Elasmopus 10, Gammaropsis 8, Hyale 7, Lembos 7,
Leucothoe 3, Maera 7, Melita 2, Photis 3, Podocerus 3,
Stenothoe 4.
JAPAN, Southern: Ampelisca 6, Corophium 4,
Gammaropsis 5, Gitanopsis 4, Guernea 5, Hyale 4,
Liljeborgia 3, Listriella 3, Paradexamine 4, Pareurystheus
4,Peramphithoe 3, Photis 8.
JAPAN, Sea of and Northern Japan: Ampithoe 6,
Anonyx 19, Atylus5, Cheirimedeia 3, Eogammarus 5,
Eohaustorius 3, Haustorioides 3, Hippomedon 5,
Ischyrocerus 7, Lepidepecreum 3, Leucothoe 3, Melita
3, Monoculodes 7, Orchomene 12, Parapleustes 7,
Pleusymtes 9, Protomedeia 5, Synchelidium 4,
Westwoodilla 4.
MADAGASCAR (from Ledoyer, 1986): Ampelisca 11,
Ampithoe 7, Aristias 3, Atylus 4, Ceradocus 8, Cheiriphotis
3, Colomastix 8, Elasmopus 11, Ericthonius 3, Gammaropsis
12, Gitanopsis 4, Grandidierella 8, Guernea 5, Hyale 4,
Ichnopus 3, Ledoyerella 3, Lembos 5, Leucothoe 14,
Liljeborgia 7, 'Lysianassa' 4, Maera 13, Mallacoota 4,
Melita 4, Paradexamine 4, Parajassa 3, Perioculodes 6,
Podocerus 7, Seba 3, Stenothoe 4.
MAGELLAN-FALKLAND: Austroregia 3, Colomastix 2,
Epimeria 2, Fuegiphoxus 2, Gammaropsis 6, Gondogeneia
4, Iphimedia 2, Liljeborgia 3, Metop 0 ides 5, Orchomene
2, Paramoera 5, Parepimeria 2, Phoxocephalopsis 2,
Polycheria 2, Seba 2, Torometopa 4, Tryphosella 4,
Uristes 3.
MEDITERRANEAN: Abludomelita 3, Ampelisca 26,
Amphilochus 3, Ampithoe 7, Apherusa 6, Bathyporeia 5,
Cheirocratus 5, Corophium 20, Dexamine 3, Elasmopus
3, Gammaropsis 12, Gammarus 5, Haploops 3, Harpinia
4, Hippomedon 5, Hyale 13, Iphimedia 11, Lembos 6,
Lepidepecreum 3, Leptocheirus 7, Leucothoe 9,
Liljeborgia 4, Listriella 3, Maera 8, Melita 4,
Microdeutopus 12, Monoculodes 6, Orchomene 4,
Parhyale 3, Stenothoe 10, Synchelidium 3.
NEW ZEALAND intertidal: Amphilochus 3, Ampithoe 3,
Corophium 3, Elasmopus 3, Gammaropsis 5, Gitanopsis 3,
Hyale 6, Liljeborgia 5, Maera 3, Melita 3, Paracalliope 3,
Paradexamine 5, Paramoera 3, Parawaldeckia ++,
Podocerus 4.
NORWAY: Ampelisca 12, Anonyx 4, Bathymedon 3,
Boeckosimus 3, Byblis 7, Corophium 4, Dulichia 3,
Dyopedos 5, Eusirus 5, Gammaropsis 5, Gammarus 5,
Haploops 3, Harpinia 6, Hippomedon 4, Ischyrocerus 7,
Melphidippa 3, Metopa 21, Monoculodes 10, Orchomene
Pa,.apleustes4, Stenothoe 4, Unciola 5.
OKHOTSK, SEA of: Ampelisca 5, Ampithoe 3, Anonyx
10+, Eohaustorius 2, Grandifoxus 5, Hippomedon 6,
Ischyrocerus 11, Lepidepecreum 4, Metop,a 6,
Orchomene 5+, Pleustes 6, Protomedeia 4, Wecomedon
3.
TROPICS, INDO-PACIFIC, # = Atlantic or American only:
Ampelisca 47, Amphilochus 7, Ampithoe 23, Anamixis 10,
#Batea 7, Byblis 14, Caribbocoetes 7,
Ceradocus
Cerapus 4, Cheiriphotis 6, Colomastix 16,
Corophium 8, Cymadusa 8, Dulichiella 6, Dulzura 4,
Elasmopus 41, Ericthonius 4, Eriopisella 7, Eusiroides 4,
Gammaropsis 43, Grandidierella 26, Guernea 5,
#Heterophlias 5, Hippomedon 5, Hyale 29, Iphimedia 5,
Laetmatophilus 5, Lembos 47, Leucothoe 27, Liljeborgia
6, Listriella 11, Maera 31, Mallacoota 14, #Megaluropus
group 9, Melita 12, Paradexamine 9, Paranamixis 4,
Parelasmopus 8, Parhyale 8, Parhyalella 4, Perioculodes
6, Photis 20, Podocerus 12, Quadrivisio 4, Stenothoe 8,
Synopia 7, Tiron 5, Urothoe 12.
Finally, the data may be assorted as in List 5 in which
each major world zone or region is inspected for the
largest genera which are principally endemic within the
selected zone or region. In List 5 no genus is repeated
twice, but every genus has been classified as to its
principal place of residence depending on the situation
of the majority of the species in the genus. Within each
zone the minimum number of species in a genus differs
according to the size of the zone. Despite this
subjectivity, one may note the impoverishment of
principally tropical genera, though, of course, the genera
of the cosmopolitan section must be added to the tropical
zone, as they would be to all other zones.
List 5. Large genera of marine Gammaridea assigned
to their" zones; numbers are total number of species in
each genus; numbers in parentheses for BATHYAL and
ABYSSAL designate number of species within zone of
genus not dominantly restricted to zone; cosmopolitan
genera are not replicated in any of the following
shallow water zones (data constructed 1986 July, some
genera in text may have different counts owing to
updates).
COSMOPOLITAN: Abludomelita 25, Ampelisca 143,
Amphilochus 20, Ampithoe 68, Atylus 33, Byblis 55,
Ceradocus 31, Corophium 62, Elasmopus 64,
Gammaropsis 106, Hyale 90, lphimedia 31, Ischyrocerus
38, Lembos 76, Leucothoe 55, Liljeborgia 37, Listriella 33,
Maera 64, Melita 39, Orchomene 86, Photis 60, Stenothoe
49, Urothoe 35.
TROPICS: Anamixis 10, Batea 9, Cymadusa 13,
Eriopisella 10, Grandidierella 29, Parhyale 10, Synopia 9.
ARCTIC: Acanthonotozoma 10, Anonyx 42, Apherusa
21, Bathyporeia 15, Boeckosimus17, Echinogammarus 13,
Gammarus 24, Harpinia 17, Leptocheirus12,
Metopelloides 10, Parapleustes 23, Pleusymtes 21,
Protomedeia 14, Stenula 13, Unciola 13, Westwoodilla 10.
ANTARCTIC: Gondogeneia 16, Metopa 14,
Parawaldeckia 15.
North WARM-TEMPERATE: Acanthohaustorius 8,
Foxiphalus 9, Rhepoxynius 15.
South
WARM-TEMPERATE:
Birubius
38,
Cephalophoxoides 8, Paradexamine 36, Urohaustorius
12, Urothoides 10.
BIPOLAR TROPICAL SUBMERGENTS: Allorchestes 13,
Aora 15, Hippomedon 48, Lep(depecreum 27,
Melphidippa 10, Metopa 51, Monoculodes 55, Oradarea
14, Paramoera 39, Polycheria 18, Proboloides 20,
Tryphosella, 58.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amlphlpoc1a
BATHYAL
in parentheses are
component of genera not otherwise dominant in bathyal):
Aceroides 8, Amathillopsis 8, Ampelisca (47), Aristias
Bathymedon
Bruzelia 10, Byblis (26), Cyphocaris 8,
Epimeria 28, Eusirogenes 5, Eusirus
Gammaropsis
Halice 14, Halicoides 10, Haploops (12), Harpiniopsis
Hippomedon
Iphimediella 10, Ischyrocerus (12),
Lepechinella 28, Lepidepecreella 7, Lepidepecreum (12),
Metopa (14), Monoculodes (18), Oediceroides 25,
Orchomene (29), Pachychelium 4, Phippsiella 10,
Proboloides (8), Pseudharpinia 12, Rhachotropis 43,
Schisturella 11, Stegocephaloides 6, Syrrhoe 11,
Syrrhoites 20, Tmetonyx 8, Trischizostoma 8, Tryphosella
(22), Unciola (7), Uristes 22, Urothoe (6).
ABYSSAL: Ampelisca (6), Andaniexis 8, Cleonardo 9,
Monoculodes (3), Oediceroides (3), Orchomene (9).
ABYSSAL-BATHYAL JOINT: Alexandrella 5, Bonnierella
8, Bruzeliopsis 3, Byblisoides 6, Centromedon 5,
Cleonardo 9, Crybelocyphocaris 5, Cyphocaris 8,
Dulichiopsis 6, Epimeriella 6,Euonyx 9, Eusirella 5,
Harpinia 17, Hirondellea 7, Hyperiopsis 7, Onesimoides
4, Parargissa 6, Pardaliscoides <4, Phippsiella 10,
Princaxelia 3, Pseudharpinia 11, Pseudotiron 5,
Schisturella 11, Scopelocheirus 4, Syrrhoe 11, Syrrhoites
20, Torometopa 12, Valettietta 4, Valettiopsis 3, Vemana
3, Westwoodilla 10.
HARBOURS, ESTUARIES, LAGOONS - species numbers
not calculated: Corophium, Elasmopus, Ericthonius,
Grandidierella (tropics), Ischyrocerus, lassa,
Limnoporeia (Australia), Melita, Paracalliope (south-west
Pacific, Indian), Paracorophium (southern), Podocerus,
Stenothoe.
HAWAIIAN: Amphilochus, Ampithoe, Cymadusa,
Elasmopus, Gammaropsis, Hyale, Lembos, Leucothoe,
Maera, Melita, Parhyale (dominance by individuals only),
Photis, Stenothoe.
List 6. The ecological kinds of Gammaridea within a
benthic faunule are to a large extent determined by
domiciliary position rather than food-type, as most
Gammaridea are presumed to be opportunistic
scavengers or inquilines and their feeding behaviour is
poorly known. A few true herbivores apparently occur
and lately a few raptorial predators have been identified.
Of course there are numerous kinds of scavenger
feeding. An intertidal faunule of low latitudes in lush
algae might be comprised of extremely abundant nestlers
such as Hyale, Elasmopus and Maera; protected rock
surfaces, interstices and root systems of algae or surfgrass will contain the domicolous amphipods building
tubes, such as Ampithoe, Ericthonius, Gammaropsis, lassa,
Ischyrocerus and Photis. Sessile invertebrates like
sponges and tunicates will harbor nestlers and domiciliary
kinds as well as a few inquilines, such as Leucothoe and
Anamixis.
In most world areas the sublittoral faunule on soft
bottoms will be comprised of burrowers such as
Rhepoxynius, Birubius, and other phoxocephalids,
haustoriids, and oedicerotids; domiciliary kinds building
limp tubes on the sediment surface, primarily the
Ampeliscidae; various domiciliary kinds building tubes
31
on hard
tubes
of infaunal organisms, thus the
and a
few nestlers or semicommensal organisms like Listriella.
Intertidal zones of high latitudes will have nestlers
like Pontogeneia, Paramoera and their congeners.
The dominant genera of Gammaridea on sublittoral soft
bottoms by gross region are as follows; no symbol =
nestler, B = benthic burrower, I = inquiline, T = tubedweller; numbers are species (not necessarily jibing with
handbook):
COSMOPOLITAN shallow: Ampelisca 151 T, Atylus 33,
Byblis 55 T, Ensayara 5, Guernea 22, Haploops 15 T,
Heterophoxus 6 B, Iphimedia 31, Kerguelenia 8,
Liljeborgia 37,Lysianassa complex 20+, Megaluropus
complex 9, Monoculodes 54 B, Perioculodes 9 B,
Raumahara 5, Seba 13, Synchelidium 12 B, Tiron 11,
Urothoe 35 B,
BIPOLAR,
COLD-WATER:
Hippomedon
48,
Lepidepecreum 26, Melphidippa 10, Metaphoxus 5 B,
Monoculodes 65 B, Orchomene 108, Pardalisca 9,
Tryphosella 56.
ANTARCTIC-AuSTRAL: Ampelisca 8 T, Epimeriella 6,
Gnathiphimedia 5, Iphimediella 10, Kerguelenia 5,
Liljeborgia 7, Mesoproboloides 5, Metopoides 9,
Oradarea 14, Orchomene 26, Paraceradocus 6,
Paraperioculodes 6, Parepimeria 6, Phoxocephalopsis 5
B, Prostebbingia 6, Schraderia 7.
TROPICAL: Ampelisca 47 T, Atylus 10, Byblis 14 T,
Caribbocoetes 7 T,Grandidierella 26 T, Guernea 5,
Heterophlias 5, Hippomedon 5, Hornellia 8, Iphimedia
5,Liljeborgia 7, Pereionotus 6, Quadrivisio 5, Urothoe
12 B.
WARM-TEMPERATE, A = mostly Australian region, M
= mostly American region: Ampelisca 57 T, Atylus 8,
Birubius 37 BA, Brolgus 5 BA, Byblis 7,
Cephalophoxoides 8 B, Foxiphalus 6 BM, Guernea 14,
Hippomedon 11, Iphimedia 20, Lepidepecreum 5,
Liljeborgia 14, Limnoporeia 7 BA, Metaphoxus 5 B,
Metharpinia 5 BM, Monoculodes 13,Ochlesis 5,
Orchomene 17, Paracalliope 7 A, Paradexamine 37A,
Parawaldeckia 15 A, Rhepoxynius 15 BM, Syndexamine
6 A, Tipimegus 5 BA, Urohaustorius 12 BA, Urothoe 11
B, Urothoides 10 BA, Waldeckia 6 A.
ARCTIC-BoREAL:
Acanthohaustorius
6 B,
Acanthonotozoma 10, Acidostoma 7, Ampelisca 16 T,
Anonyx 42, Apherusa 20, Atylus 13, Bathyporeia 15 B,
Boeckosimus 17, Byblis 14 T, Centraloecetes 5 T,
Centromedon 5, Cressa 8, Dulichia 6 T, Eohaustorius 9
B, Eyakia 5 B, Foxiphalus 9 B, Grandifoxus 8 B, Haploops
7 T, Harpinia 17 B, Hippomedon 14, Lepidepecreum 8,
Mesometopa 5, Metopella 5, Monoculodes30, Oediceros
7, Onisimus 6, Orchomene 26, Paramphithoe 7,
Parapleustes 23, Pardaliscella 5, Paroediceros 5, Pleustes
8, Pleusymtes 21, Stenopleustes 8, Tmetonyx 8, Urothoe
6 B, Wecomedon 5, Westwoodilla 10 B.
<
List 7. The dominant genera of Gammaridea in
epifaunas of intertidal and shallow sublittoral (O-200m)
zones by gross region or zone are as follows;
cosmopolitan genera are not repeated in the subzones;
no symbol =. nestler; I = inquiline;T = domicolous. tube-
<
32
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
dweller; numbers reflect species only in area of
classification:
COSMOPOLITAN: Abludomelita 26, Ampithoe 60 T,
Ceradocus 31, Cerapus 16 T, Cheirocratus 10, Corophium
62 T, Elasmopus 64, Ericthonius 13 T, Eusiroides 14,
Gammarellus 9, Gammaropsis 117 T, Globoslembos 7 T,
Hyale 89, lassa 12 T, Laetmatophilus 11, Lembos 75 T,
Maera 62, Melita 40, Microdeutopus 20 T, Parhyale 10,
Photis 58 T, Podocerus 28, Stenothoe 48 ?I.
BIPOLAR, COLD-WATER: Allorchestes 5 (Pacific), AoraAoroides 22 T, Ischyrocerus 39 T, Paramoera (Pacific)
39, Peramphithoe 13 T.
ANTARCTIC-AuSTRAL: Ceradocopsis 5, Gammaropsis
14 T, Gondogeneia 18, Hyale 5, Paramoera 20.
TROPICAL: Ampithoe 23 T, Batea 9, Ceradocus 15,
Cheiriphotis 10 T, Corophium 8 T, Cymadusa 14 T,
Dulichiella 6, Elasmopus 41, Eriopisella 7, Gammaropsis
43, Grandidierella 29 T, Hyale 29, Lembos 47 T, Maera
31, Mallacoota 14, Melita 12, Parajassa 7 T, Parelasmopus
8, Parhyalella 7, Photis 20 T, Podocerus 12.
WARM-TEMPERATE: Abludomelita 12, Ampithoe 19 T,
Aora-Aoroides 11 T, Austropheonoides 5 ?I, Cheiriphotis
4 T, Chevalia 3 T, Corophium 39 T, Elasmopus 20,
Eusiroides 6, Gammaropsis 42 T, Gitanopsis 8, Lembos
16T, Microdeutopus 15 T, Melita 17, Paramoera 7, Photis
18 T, Podocerus 12, Siphonoecetes 4 T, Tethygeneia 6.
ARCTIC-BoREAL: Abludomelita 8, Ampithoe 16 T,
Y;'Anisogammarus 2+~ Aora~Aoroides 7 T, Cheirimedeia 8
T, Corophium 14 T, Dulichiopsis 6, Dyopedos 9,
Echinogammarus-Gammarus 3· + 13, Eogammarus 9,
Ericthonius 9 T, Gammaropsis 13 T, Halirages 6, Hyal~
6, Ischyrocerus 22 T, Lembos 5 T, Leptocheirus 4 T,
Melita 7, Microprotopus 5 T, Photis 14 T,
Pontogeneia 10, Protomedeia 14 T, Stenothoides 7,
Stenula 12, Unciola 12 T.
List 8. The dominant genera of Gammaridea in the
neritic or pelagic realms, including some demersal genera,
usually sand-dwelling, are as· follows: Megaluropidae,
Phoxocephalidae (males), Synchelidium 12 (pelagic
phases), Synopia 9.
List 9. The dominant genera of bathyal-abyssal benthic
and demersal zones are as follows; conservative numbers
of species in depths exceeding 200 m are given following
each genus; the term demersal is notated with a question
mark because proof is sketchy; probably several benthic
genera will be moved to the demersal category when
better information comes forth:
BENTHIC: Aceroides 8, Alexandrella 5, Amathillopsis 8,
Ampelisca 45 T, Andaniexis 8, Anonyx 9 (Pacific boreal),
Astyra 6, Bathyamaryllis 4, Bathymedon 24, Boeckosimus
5,Bonnierella 8 T, Byblis 25 T, Bonnierella 8 T, Bruzelia
9,'Byblisoides 6 T, Dulichia 6 (Atlantic boreal), Epimeria
25, Euonyx 9, Gammaropsis 19 T, Haploops 12 T,
Harpinia 4 b, Harpiniopsis 25 B, "Hippomedon" 22,
Iphimediella 8, Ischyrocerus 13 T, Lepechinella 29,
Lepidepecreella 7, Lepidepecreum 12, Leucothoe 4,
Liljeborgia 10, Melita 5, Metopa 7, Monoculodes 19,
Oediceroides 23, Onesimoides 4, Orchomene 35,
Pardalisca 5, Proboloides 7, Pseudharpinia 11,
Pseudotiron 5, Rhepoxynius 5, Schisturella 11, Stenothoe
4, Syrrhoe 11, Syrrhoites 20, Tryphosella 56 (or bipolar
shallow), Unciola 6 (Atlantic boreal), Uristes 22, Urothoe
7, Westwoodilla 5.
DEMERSAL?: Andaniotes 4, Cleonardo 9,
Crybelocephalus 5, Cyphocaris 8, Euonyx 7, Eusirella 5,
Eusirogenes 5, Eusirus 22, Halice 14, Halicoides 10,
Hirondellea 7, Hyperiopsis 7, loubinella 5, Paracallisoma
3, Paracyphocaris 3, Paralicella 5, Parargissa 6;
Pardaliscoides 4, Phippsiella 10, Rhachotropis 43,
Scopelocheirus 4, Stegocephaloides 6, Stegocephalopsis
6, Valettietta 4, Valettiopsis 3, Vemana 3.
The dominant inquilinous genera of the world are as
follows; A, arctic, B, bathyabyssal, C, cosmopolitan, P,
bipolar, T, tropical, W, warm-temperate: Amphilochus 20
C, Anamixis 10 Aristias 20 B, Colomastix 22 C, Gitana
8 W, Gitanopsis 25 C, Leucothoe 55 C, Listriella 33 C,
Metopa 51 A, Metopella 5 A, Parametopella 5 A,
Paranamixis5 T, Polycheria 18 P, Proboloides 12 C,
Stomacontion6 B, Torometopa 12 B, Trischizostoma 8 C.
r,
Finally, the partitioning of species in diverse bipolar
genera of the major world regions is shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Large bipolar genera; number of species reflected in each world zone; bathyal may include duplicates;
N = north, S = south:
Genus
Aora-Aoroides
Ischyrocerus
Hippomedon
Lepidepecreum
Monoculodes
Oradarea
Orchomene
Paramoera
(Pacific)
Pardalisca
Peramphithoe
(Pacific)
Tryphosella
ARCTIC
TEMPERATE
TROPICAL
ANTARCTIC
BATHYAL
4
11
9
11
5
13
3
5
3
1
8
17
7
3
4
3
4
1
2
3
4
5+2
14
6
2
13
27
6
22
14
8
30
1
26
1
1
3
4
26
12
26
20
13
22
12
19
5
36
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Prospectus
Amphipod taxonomy is quickly becoming
computerised. The following items of computerised
information are in existence at the Smithsonian Institution:
(1) a bibliographic file of about 4500 references to the
taxonomy of Gammaridea from 1758 to 1986; (2) a file of
all genera with current assignment to family; (3) a list of
all species with 'master' geographic code numbers. In
progress are (3n): amplification of the geographic code
list to include all subsidiary code numbers besides the
master numbers; (4) conversion of the Crawford-citationfile into computer memory; (5) the 2 volume work of
Barnard & Barnard (1983) on hard-disc for periodic
updating; (6) the present work on hard disc for periodic
updating. As funds become available these files will be
improved and updated so that parts can be printed and
become available in small quantities as needed. In the
planning stages are: (7) a master list of characters coded
alp~,~anumerically in 8-digit FORTRAN statements or onedigitPAUP statements; (8) oscilloscopic, 'mouse'
memory representation of each coded character; (9)
developmer,£t of a program to match taxonomy with
character memory; (10) development of a program to
identify amphipods to species level by using program 9;
(11) a mapping system to produce distribution sheets and
maps for each species based on the reasonable
identifications of system 4 and the codes of system 3n;
(12) a protocol in which taxonomists outside of
Smithsonian can access files and make emendations.
Tools are being shaped for the ultimate publication
method of accessing an author's latest works
instantaneously by computer terminal rather than through
the burdensome publication of hard-copy. The entire
series of systems would become anonymous and
renamed, for example 'Smithsonian Gammaridean Basis'
so that it could become a worldwide working tool
available to anyone with modem and reasonably
inexpensive computer terminal with modest memory. The
goal is to make it possible to obtain crude identifications
of amphipods with printouts of idealised morphology, lists
of bibliography and distribution, or research-calibre
synopses of known citations and distributions. This would
assist workers in narrowing down the resources they
require in their own laboratories to undertake amphipod
taxonomy. The one, probably impossible goal, of
memorising the entire literature for screen display is at
this moment not economical because of the immense labor
in finding each citation and subjecting the printed words
to memory.
We should attempt, however, to move in the direction
of our colleagues in chemistry" who are largely able to
dispense with keeping handy files of information more
than ten years old. We notice that chemists, for the large
part,' need library resources of only the current ten
years because their study field moves so rapidly and
effectively that older works have little priority or value.
There must com~ a time when amphipod taxonomists
have available a fully modernised operating basis in
which questions requiring backward looks of more than
33
ten years have all but disappeared. Dispersal of hardcopy will have been replaced by instant terminal access
to a modernised body of information that is upgraded
daily by the taxonomists working in the group. This kind
of accomplishment is much closer in Amphipoda than in
many other groups because, fortunately, the taxonomic
study of Amphipoda is relative recent, is not beset with
massive problems of literature, and has most of its old
nomenclatural problems worked out. The 'principal
problems of historical cause are: (1) the need to
modernise many poorly described species from earlier
years as based on review of type materials; (2) the
difficulty of finding some of those old materials from
museums now defunct or in museums which have not
had amphipod collections curated for many decades;
(3) the need to expunge erroneous distributional records
of misidentified collections; and, finally (4) the need to
revivify lost curatorial positions and to establish
stronger, long-lasting taxonomic centers.
Identification Procedures
The identification of a gammaridean amphipod even
at familial levels so often requires a complete dissection
and analysis of all appendages and mouthparts that the
procedure is considered to be mandatory. This handbook
cannot be utilised successfully by a non-specialist
without dissecting appendages (Appendix I) and
observing minute characters (checklist of Appendix 11).
Once the student has gained some experience, however,
parts of these procedures may be skipped, because some
families and many genera can often be recognised
\Vithout extensive analysis. The identification of a species
belonging to a genus with ten or more species may
require as much as two or three weeks if the identifier
is required to make a key from a survey of the literature
and then analyse badly described type materials.
The procedures for identification described herein
are manifold. They include the memorisation of a basic
gammaridean plan, illustrated in Figure 1. Almost all other
families are defined by combinations of characters
expressing either minor specialisations or minor
simplifications of the basic gammaridean plan.
The Diagrammatic Key to Families. This key
(Figs 2-21) is composed of boxes each representing
a family or superfamily containing one or more illustrated
characters in solid lines that distinguish it from the basic
gammaridean (Fig. 1). Most of the characters would be
considered to be apomorphic to the those found in the
basic amphipod. For example, if mouthparts are not
illustrated they either resemble those of the basic
gammaridean or are so highly variable that they have no
diagnostic differences from the basic gammaridean or
other taxal groups and are thus not mutually exclusive.
Each of these concordant families is noted in the labels
of the illustrated key and character differences are
figured and pointed out by arrow where necessary. The
diagrammatic key is therefore, not an absolute endpoint,
because the taxonomist must also check the illustrated
34
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Pereon
Epimeron
LJropods
Accessory Flagellum
[ffiSTIl
lJ.jJJ Pereon
rX@t,i!
Pleon 1-3
It~I~~~~I~ Ur0 S0 me
Pleopod
L
X2
~)) );)~
F
p
c
Fig.l. The basic amphipod.
Coxae
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
COROPHIOIDEA
ur
Q
r3
r3
f
CHELURIDAE
COROPHIIDAE
AMPITHOIDAE
See also ICILIIDAE (11)
ISCHYROCERIDAE
globular
o
r3
r2
02
r3
base
BIANCOLINIDAE
Fig.2. Pictorial key.
PODOCERIDAE
35
36
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
_ _:--J -u
f
~
f
r3
m
BOLTTSIIDAE
PSEUDAMPHILOCHIDAE
f
c
f
f
c
AMPHILOCHIDAE
CYPROI DEI DAE
c2
eT
Fig.3. Pictorial key.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
o
c__ s
r3
r;;
9
f
m
STENOTHOIDAE
c4
c
f
s
CRESSIDAE
c
NIHOTUNGIDAE
SEBIDAE
01
Fig.4. Pictorial key.
37
38
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
PAGETINIDAE
TULEARIDAE
~
ur
5
m
Of
COLOMASTIGIDAE
m
5
t
MAXILLIPIIDAE
t
-{
m
g1
2
/
Fig.S. Pictorial key.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
LEUCOTHOIDAE
ANAMIXIDAE
c
s
~keel
(~> "'(::)/
'\"'-_."// s
g1
hv
f
PHLIANTIDAE
,/
...1..........-1
PLIOPLATEIDAE
x1
Q
,3
Fig.6. Pictorial key.
,3
f
Q
t
39
40
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
EOPHLIANTIDAE
TEMNOPHLIANTIDAE
m
Q
m
CEINIDAE
KURIIDAE
ur
q
m
m
U
Fig.7. Pictorial key.
t
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
TALITRIDAE
HYALIDAE
W
t
r3
m
r3
r3
HYALELLI DAE
DOGIELINOTIDAE
Q
m
NAJNIDAE
p5-7
f
c:(.g2
Fig.S. Pictorial key.
m
41
42
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
LYS IANASS IDAE
STEGOCEPHALIDAE
01
DIDYMOCHELIIDAE
CLARENCIIDAE
?
co
';....
--......,'
r3
Fig.9. Pictorial key.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
SYNOPIIDAE
HYPERIOPSIDAE
h
Of
h
x1
gnathopods
xl
feeble
h
PARDALISCIDAE
STILIPEDIDAE (=ASTYRIDAE)
\
o
f
~
f
f
c
Fig.tO. Pictorial key.
x2
43
44
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
o
PARACALLIOPII DAE
or
-rr
f
EXOEDICEROTIDAE
ur
ur
g2cf'
/
1
OEDICEROTIDAE
ICILIIDAE
(~
)
\
~
r3
p7
ur
Fig.ll. Pictorial key.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
DEXAM INI DAE
AM PELISC IDAE
+;
Of
Of
ur
p7
h
VITJAZIANIDAE
LILJEBORGIIDAE
Ff
f
01
f
-----)
\
::-- ........ ........ ,
' ..... _-_ .. ,1'... ,
"'-
m
t
Fig.12. Pictorial key.
45
46
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
PONTOPORE I1 DAE
CARDENIOIDAE
01
r3
~a2
g1
02
CHEIIDAE
CARANGOLIOPS 1DAE
//.,..",-:':-'-=";:'''''1 -,_ _
/
m
ur
Fig.13. Pictorial key.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
PHOXOCEPHALOPSIDAE
HAUSTORIIDAE
..
:JfP
w.
... ~..
-- " ~
;/ .. ';.--
.
",
...
h
ur
ZOBRACHOIDAE
g1
Fig.14. Pictorial key.
UROHAUSTORIIDAE
47
48
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
UROTHOIDAE
CONDUKII DAE
m
p3-4
PLATYISCHNOPIDAE
,
/
Fig.IS. Pictorial key.
h
PHOXOCEPHALI DAE
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
eale
CRANGO
PARAM ELITI DAE
sternal gills
DAE
Holarctica
PSEUDOCRANGONYCTIDAE
E. Asia
sternals often lost
r3
NEONIPHARGIDAE
Austra Iia
STERNOPHYSINGIDAE
S. Africa
sternal
AUSTRON IPHARG IDAE
PERTHIIDAE
\
Austral ia
\
).
PHREATOGAMMARIDAE
New Zealand
No sternals
Madagascar
ALLOCRANGONYCTIOS
Central USA
sternals = 0 or
Fig.16. Pictorial key.
+
sternals = 0
49
50
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
BOGIDI
ARTESIIDAE
DAE
PARACRANGONYCTI DAE
y
SALENTINELLIDAE
PARALEPTAM PHOPIDAE
f
r3
~
cafe
Fig.I7. Pictorial key.
r..3
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
GAMMARI DA and SATELLITES
c4
\ I
W
aberrancies
f
s:=L
f
f
ANISOGAMMARIDAE
GAMMAROPOREIIDAE
:-/
p7
Fig.IS. Pictorial key.
51
52
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
MELPHIDIPPIDAE
MEGALUROPIDAE
If
f
ARGISSIDAE
GAMMARELLIDAE
~
cafe
Fig.19. Pictorial key.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
EUSIRIDAE
BATEIDAE
o f~)(f
.3
c
c4
\:)
Jw/
o
t
r1-2
MACROH ECTOPI DAE
CASPICOLIDAE
s
Fig.20. Pictorial key.
53
54
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
IPHIMEDIIDAE
o
~
PLEUSTIDAE
f
c
f
o~
I
I
apomophic h
form
f
,. .... ------,
c
- - --- ....... -
f
I
I
I
,
\
I
\
l
I
\
"
:
' ... ---~I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1
:
\
"
f
\
\
/
I
\
/
/ c4
t
I
"...
",I
/
/
/~areIY/
lost
LAPHYSTIIDAE
Of
LAFYSTIOPSIDAE
Of
CJ
c
h
s
Fig.2I. Pictorial key.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
boxes of nearby families resembling the first provisional
identification and then proceed to written diagnoses and
keys.
The diagrammatic key is arranged in a way to deal
first with those families which have highly characteristic
and easily observed morphology and therefore the
sequence generally is moving toward the basic
amphipod near Figures 19 to 21.
The first group (Fig.2) is the Corophioidea, composed
of families with obviously fleshy telson. The telson is
thick dorsoventrally and in most of the commonly
encountered species is very short, pillow-like and firmly
attached to the urosome so broadly and strongly that it
cannot be moved independently of the animal body.
Except for a few debatable cases in figures to follow
almost all other Gammaridea have the 'flappable' or
easily movable, dorsoventrally depressed telson; in a
few taxa where the telson has become reduced this
distinction may be difficult to make.
The basic corophioid in Figure 2 is shown in the
upper left. Uropod 3 may be normal or reduced as
shown; coxa 4 is poorly or not excavate; the accessory
flagellum varies from well developed to absent and the
telson is occasionally reduced to a broad boomerang
armed with denticles. In this group and in the nearby
Ischyroceridae and Ampithoidae pereopods 3 to 4
contain well-developed glands which emit a spinning
silk through a meatus located subapically on the
dactyl.
Below the Corophiidae on Figure 2, the
Ischyroceridae are characterised by the elongation of the
peduncle on uropod 3, the shortened rami, the pointed
and poorly armed inner ramus and the presence of a
hook or denticles on the pointed and poorly setose outer
ramus. In the alternate uropod 3 is depicted the loss of
an inner ramus, occasionally encountered in such genera
as Ericthonius.
To the middle right of Corophiidae are the
Ampithoidae which are characterised by uropod 3 which
is small, with slightly elongate peduncle, a pad-shaped
inner ramus with several to many setae and a pad-like
outer ramus bearing 2 strong spines usually reverted.
Below Ischyroceridae is a presumed derivative of
Ampithoidae, the Biancolinidae, characterised by loss of
mandibular palp (occasionally also in Ampithoidae), a
reduced uropod 3 with weak armaments and a
subspherical head probably used for rotation while the
organism burrows into the stipes of kelp.
At the top right of Figure 2, the Cheluridae are
characterised by the great diversity of uropods 1 to 3,
and the special form of uropod 2 with expanded peduncle;
the segments of the urosome are mostly fused together
to form a flat box.
Finally, at the bottolll right, the Pod()ceridae, which
are rather spider-like (Fig.118) are characterised by
the elongate urosomite 1 and severely reduced uropod
3.
In Figure .3 the amphilochoids are depicted in four
families. The most primitive are Pseudamphilochidae and
Bolttsiidae in which coxa 1 remains primitively enlarged,
whereas the ultimate amphilochoids. below have coxa 1
55
strongly reduced. Pseudamphilochids retain the
'primitive' (in context of the model amphipod) cleft telson
whereas the remaining families have the telson
entire. There can be some confusion with
Iphimediidae (Fig.21) and Eusiridae (Fig.20) but all
amphilochoidids have characteristic gnathopods (compare
Figs in main text). Cyproideids differ from amphilochids
in the further reduction of coxa 1 and in coxae 3 to 4
which abut together and form a shield rather than
overlap.
In Figure 4 the stenothoids and cressids continue the
amphilochid form of coxa 1 reduction but uropod 3 is also
apomorphic in that the inner ramus has become lost and
the outer ramus is composed of 2 articles; this uropod
thus appears as a simple 3-articulate undivided branch of
the urosome. Maxillipedal structures are reduced as
shown. Cressids have urosomite 3 fused to the telson,
whereas in the thaumatelsonin form of stenothoids shown
in the box extension just below, the urosome may be
fused together but the telson remains distinct.
Nihotungids in Figure 4 are characterised by the
reduction of coxae 1 to 3, the strange accessory eye and
appearance of the main eye, the immense coxa 4, the
stylet-like mandibles and the unusual maxilla 1. Sebidae
also have the stenothoid uropod 3 but have normal coxae,
and chelate gnathopods. Sebids resemble lysianassids
(Fig.9) in the elongation of article 3 on gnathopod 2 but
are distinguished from them by the elongate articles 2 to
3 of antenna 1.
In Figure 5 the Pagetinidae and Tulearidae continue
the stenothoid form of uropod 3 but have non-reduced
anterior coxae. Pagetinids have short equally extending
coxae, very poorly developed plates on the maxilliped
and partial fusion in the urosome. Tulearids have large
coxae, with coxa 4 immense, well-developed plates on
the maxilliped, but loss of palp on the mandible.
On the lower part of Figure 4 are found the
Colomastigidae which in primitive state retain biramous
uropod 3 with slightly elongate peduncle, but have fused
urosomites 2 to 3, poorly developed inner plates of the
maxilliped, very feeble ·almost styliform gnathopod 1, and
loss of mandibular palp. The primitive body is cylindrical
but it and uropod 3 become grotesquely modified as in
Figure 23D.
The Maxillipiidae in Figure 5 somewhat resemble
Colomastigidae in body form but pereopod 6 has
become elongate and flagellate and the inner plates of
the maxilliped remain well developed.
In Figure 6 the Leucothoidae and Anamixidae form
a pair of families with carpochelate gnathopod 1, poorly
developed maxillipedal plates, and uncleft telson:
Anamixidae have coxa 1 reduced and occasionally
gnathopod 1 is also lost.
In· Figure 6 the Phliantidae and Plioplateidae
commence an array of families continuing through Figure
8 which have been put into the superfamily Talitroidea.
The 11 families are arranged somewhat in reverse order
starting with the most derived and finishing with the
most primitive. Talitroids have generally lost all but the
vestiges of a mandibular palp, have curled setae ~n the
oostegites (Fig.34A) and all but a few have lost the
56
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
inner ramus of uropod 3. The Phliantidae are strongly
depressed
like isopods and have the
coxae splayed outward laterally. In Phliantidae uropod
3 often loses both rami as shown. Note that the peduncles
of the pleopods in Phliantidae are short and broadly
expanded. In the companion family Plioplateidae the
pleopods retain the elongate normal peduncle but the
rami are reduced to one article each. The Plioplateidae
are neither distinctly depressed nor the coxae splayed.
The telson remains. cleft, antenna 1· is elongate and the
head has a dorsal tooth.
On Figure 7 the Eophliantidae are characterised by
their cylindrical appearance, shortened peduncles of
pleopods and poorly developed coxae. To their right,
the Temnophliantidae resemble Phliantidae of Figure 6
in the dorsoventral body depression but differ in that this
has become so extreme that the thoracic segments also
have become partially disarticulate to form pleurae.
The Ceinidae on Figure 6 differ scarcely from the
basic talitroideans except by the uncleft telson and pitted
cuticle. The Kuriidae are simply basic talitroideans with
coalesced urosomes.
On Figure 8 the Hyalidae represent the basic stock
of talitroideans by bearing cleft telson (though often
appearing fleshy as in other talitroideans and therefore
in the family key also included with the corophioids as
well as 'flappable' groups) and ordinary antennae,
pereopods, and mandibular molar. To their right the
semiterrestrial and terrestrial Talitridae are distinguished
by the enlarged antenna 2, very short antenna 1 and
uncleft telson; most talitrids also have very spiny
pereopods though the spines are small.
On the lower part of Figure 8, the Dogielinotidae
represent the fossorial mode within the talitroideans,
having' stout pereopods, stout antennae, both being
furnished with·· supernumerary spines and elongate setae.
To the right the, Hyalellidae are distinguished from
Hyalidae, simply by the uncleft telson, and the Najnidae
by the reduction of the triturative molar to the condition
shown.
On Figure 9 the, huge family Lysianassidae is
characterised by elongate article 3 of gnathopod 2
coupled with a characteristic antenna 1 on which articles
2 and 3 are very short and partly telescoped basalwards.
This family may be divided into groups at a later date.
The Stegocephalidae have ·a somewhat similar body
appearance of the average lysianassid but have
char~cteristic coxae. They also have conically grouped
mouthparts, reduced mandible and reduced accessory
flagellum but one or more of those apomorphies may also
be present in one or more lysianassids.
On .the lower part of Figure 9 the poorly described
Didymocheilidae resemble lysianassids but have a
short article 3 on gIlathopod 2 and the propodus is
not the ~hort mittenforrn shape of lysianassids. The
Clarenciidae, also poorly described, look somewhat
similar to! lysianassids without the elongate article 3 of
gnathopod 2 but gnatbopod 2 is enlarged and the
"urosome may prove to .have unusual anomalies; at the
moment the family is known .. only from one broken
specimen.
On Figure 10 the
reflect the trend in the
key to become less and less derived because synopiids
differ from the basic gammaridean mainly in the subtlety
massive head of several forms. To the right,
Hyperiopsidae are more unique in their strange
pereopods 3 to 4, scaled and bent palp of one member
of maxilla 1 and feeble gnathopods.
On the lower part of Figure 10, the Pardaliscidae are
characterised by flat mandibles one of which is
heavily toothed along the margin of the incisor; the molar
is lost or represented by spines and the maxillipeds have
a characteristic shape, with short inner plate and
elongate parent article of the outer plate. To their right
the similar Stilipedidaediffer from Pardaliscidae in the
more flabelIiform maxillae and labrum but also differ
from Pardaliscidae and Iphimediidae in the broadened
coxa 1 which is broader than coxa 2 (not shown, see
Fig.127A).
On Figure 11, the first three families form an
oedicerotid group; they all share the kind of elongate
pereopod 7 with elongate dactyl shown in the box of
Oedicerotidae. The most primitive is probably the
Exoedicerotidae which have normal urosome and wellspinose rami of uropods 1 to 2 and which retain paired
eyes. The Paracalliopiidae have lost the apical spines
on uropods 1 to 2 and have fused urosomites 2 to 3; they
also retain paired eyes. The Oedicerotidae have lost
the apical spines on uropods 1 to 2, with few exceptions
retain the normal urosome and the eyes when present
are fused. Unfortunately many oedicerotids live in the
deep sea and have lost their eyes but, so far, no
paracalliopiid or exoedicerotid has been 'found to .be in
the deep seas or to be blind so that one may assume any
organism collected in the deep sea without eyes but with
the characteristic pereopod 7 can be called a member of
Oedicerotidae.
To the lower right on Figure 11, the Iciliidae are
depicted as an isolated group supposed to be related to
Iphimediidae because of the acuminate coxae but
which bear the aspects of the Podoceridae in body and
appendage form. The definitely biramous uropod 3
and simple gnathopods 1 to 2 differentiate the Iciliidae
from Podoceridae whereas the body form, long
antennae, form of uropod 3 and elongate urosomite 1
distinguish them from iphimediids and other similar
families.
On Figure 12 the Dexaminidae and Ampeliscidae are
rather ordinary gammarideans but each characterised by
coalesced urosomites 2 to 3. The Ampeliscidae have
elongate heads bearing' cuticular lenses (but again,
deepsea .species have lost these marks) and are best
differentiated from Dexaminidae in the strongly setose
margin on pereopod 7. Mostdexaminids have .ordinary
ganlInarid"like pereopod 7 but a few haVe the alllpeliscid
form which lacks the setose margin; coxa 5 of those
confusing dexaminids is enlarged unlike coxa 5 in
ampeliscids and the diagram has the words '(if p7)' to
call attention to this condition.
The Liljeborgiidae on Figure 12 scarcely differ from
gammaroids except in the loss of triturative molar; from
marine' gammaroids they seem to be distinguished also in
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
the strong similarity between gnathopods 1 and 2 which
in most gammaroids are
size is discounted in this
comparison.
The Vitjazianidae of Figure 12 differ from the basic
gammaridean in the simple gnathopod 1 and the
callynophore of antenna 1.
The distinctions from basic gammaroids become even
more difficult on Figure 13. The Pontoporeiidae are
fossorial gammaroids for all practical purposes.
Because there are already anomalous fossorial
gammaroids in the waters of the PontoCaspian Basin
one must work with the materials in Barnard & Barnard
(1983) to make the absolute distinctions; in the ocean
however, marine pontoporeiids are characterised by
the fossorial condition of pereopods and antennae and
form a basis for comparison among the 11 other families
on Figures 13 to 15. These definitely do not belong to
a unified group but are placed near each other for
reasons of identification.
On Figure 13 the Cardenioidae may actually be close
to Synopiidae but differ from synopiids in the normal
head and fossorial appendages; the Cardenioidae differ
from all of the other 11 families on Figures 13 to 15 in
the magniramous, almost aequiramous, uropod 3. The
Cheidae are characterised by 'strong rostrum, uniform
pereopods 5 to 7, shortened uropod 3, strongly toothed
incisors and the typical haustorioid kind of pereopod
5 which has facial spines. The Carangoliopsidae
appear to be a gammaroid facies, marked by basoventral
spine on utopod, 1 which has invaded the deep sea and
developed some fossorial adaptations; note the rather
typical gammaroid uropod 1, gnathopod 2 and
antennae.
On Figure 14 one strong primitive root of the
haustorioid kind of fossorial amphipod is seen in the
Phoxocephalopsidae; it lives in Magellanic seas and has
many primitive characters such as styliform non-setose
rami on uropods 1 to 2, and only a moderately developed
rostrum, but it has the typical vari-parvi-dispari-ramous
uropod 3 and like its relatives shares the fossorial
pereopods shown in the panel above its box.' The
shortened peduncles of the pleopods and the
haustorioid kind of antenna 1 are also characteristic. The
Haustoriidae are a northern offshoot of the southern
haustorioids in which the maxilliped has lost article 3 on
the palp but uropods I, to 2 remain relatively normal;
haustoriids also have evanescent outer lobes on the
lower lip, enlarged outer lobes on maxilla 2 and
occasional baler lobes on the maxillae.
On the lower part of Figure 14 the pair of families
Zobrachoidae and Urohaustoriidae are very closely
related to each other and seem to be offshoots of the
Phoxocephalopsidae. Both have linguiform setose rami
on 'uropods. 1. to ~ bu~ the Urohaustoriidae have
progressed further in the loss of integrity on epimeron
1 and the simple first gnathopod.
On Figure 15 is another root of haustorioids, the
Urothoidae; again the pleopodal peduncles -are short
and the pereopods may 'be like those depicted on Figure
14 but pereopod 5 may also becomephoxocephalid in
form as in the lower right, corner of the.. upper left box.
Urothoids
57
have a sharp or extended or
marked cheek on the side of the head and
antenna 1 remains somewhat more primitive than in the
haustorioids because it retains some long articles .and a
capability to bend ('geniculation'). To the right, the
Condukiidae depart radically in the development of
large lobes on article 5 of pereopods 3 to 4 and in the
well-developed rostrum, almost approaching the
Platyischnopidae to the lower left.
On Figure 15, the Platyischnopidae, ,however, retain
elongate peduncles on the pleopods, unlike Condukiidae
and other haustorioids. The head has become very
elongate and in all but the most primitive genus
Skaptopus, has developed a circlet of armament near
the apex. The very common Phoxocephalidae also
retain elongate peduncles of pleopods but have
developed a huge, flattened, visor-like rostrum. All
phoxocephalids have a short pereopod 5 with broad
shield-like article 2 similar to a few urothoids and
pontoporeiids. However, a number of strange, probably
inquilinous phoxocephalids in southern Australia have
lost most of this characteristic rostrum and would be
difficult to identify if any pontoporeiids were in the fauna
and if the urothoids did not have their characteristic
antenna 1.
On Figure 16 we have reached the outer limits of the
gammaroid-like amphipods '. and the identification process
becomes next to impossible. This plate contains the
crangonyctoids, a group of freshwater amphipods which
in primitive condition are characterised by the kind of
calceolus seen in the panel above and by the presence
of sternal gills as,marked by arrows in the upper left box.
Unfortunately many of the species lose these two
markers and indeed this loss passes onward to several
similar families on Figure 17 which are not empirically
distinctive. The various 'groups of crangonyctoids have
several apomorphic characters, for example, the
Neoniphargidae have fimbriate sternal gills, the
Crangonyctidae have thickened bifid spines on the
gnathopods, the Pseudocrangonyctidae are confined to
east Asia and have lost the inner ramus of uropod 3
(but American Crangonyctidae also lose this ramus),
the Sternophysingidae within South Africa are
distinguished from their sympatric paramelitid partners
by the loss of cleft on the telson and the
allocrangonyctids are characterised by a bifid gill 2. The
Phreatogammaridae remain a" puzzle because they are
confined to New Zealand and'retain a primitive uropod
3 unlike ,the top 'panel of Figure 16 but do often
possess sternal gills though lacking calceoli. They may
be relicts' of the ancestral forms to the crangonyctoid
group.
On Figure 17, the crangonyctoid 'facies' is continued
although these families have lost distictivy crangonyctoid
characters; they live in freshwater, do not look like
gammarids but have lost sternal gills, calceoli and dorsally
spinose urosomes. Bogidielloids are generally just
crangonyctoids without the"" proper characters though
they retain the primitive phreatogammariduropod 3; so
also do Artesiidae which are characterised by unusual
coxae. The Paracrangonyctidae are advanced New
58
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Zealand
with modifications in pleopods,
coxae and pereopods 5 to 7.
Paraleptamphopids, however, are quite divergent in
their tympanic calceoli, shortened outer ramus of uropod
3 and are very much like Eusiridae (see Fig.20). The
Salentinellidae are a Btrange group of freshwater
Palaearctic species with their characters delineated on
Figure 17.
On Figure 18 the basic amphipod, more or less
represented by gammaridans, is depicted; the
'gammaroids' as here shown are immensely diverse and
attempts have been made to divide them into families but
for our purposes, because only a few are marine, they
are amalgamated into a single group. As in many
amphipod groups, the convergences and parallelisms are
so rampant that great difficulty may be encountered in
attempting to identify even some of the marine members
of the group as. shown in the dotted box in the middle
right, where uropod 3, mandible and telson of Beaudettia
show a 'false' configuration similar to a member of
Hyalidae.
On the lower part of Figure 18 the Anisogammaridae
and Mesogam,naridae are rather easy to identify because
of the peg-like spines on the palms of the gnathopods;
otherwise Gammaroporeiidae carry the fossorial
pereopod 7 not typical of Anisogammaridae.
The upside-down amphipods are found in the
upper part of Figure 19. This function is not helpful to
the'dead-specimen taxonomist and these individuals are
among the most difficult of marine amphipods to
identify. For one thing, they usually lose their
characteristic uropod 3 and quite often other appendages
when preserved. Uropod 3 of Melphidippidae is
immensely elongate and uropod 3 of Megaluropidae has
flabellate rami. Megaluropids usually have a short coxa
3 but so do argissids below left. Both Melphidippidae and
Megaluropidae have characteristic dorsal toothing or
serrations on the posterior body segments which is often
a clue to their position. This can be confused with the
commonly encountered Dulichiella of the Gammaridae,
which, however, has well-retainable pereopods and one
huge gnathopod. Argissids have short, retainable
pereopods; the strange four-eyed look of argissids is
often a help but unfortunately deepsea members lose
their eyes.
The Gammarellidae of the lower right on Figure 19
used to be characterised solely by the configuration of
their uncleft telson superimposed on a gammarid-like
body bearing gammarid-like antennae and gnathopods
but now they can be recognised also by their
characteristic calceoli, as illustrated.
Figure 20 contains the difficult Eusiridae which
essentially are gammaridans with very reduced accessory
flagellum; nearly 98% of them either have ·a vestigial
accessory flagellum or none, but a small number have
a weak 2-articulate member. This group is diverse .and
probably will be divisible in the future.The Bateidae
are simply basic eusirids or pleustids in which gnathopod
1 has been severely reduced as shown in the upper
right box.
On the lower part of Figure 20 are two ·aberrant
groups - the Macrohectopidae of Lake Baikal and the
Caspicolidae of the Caspian Sea. Their morphologies are
self explanatory.
Finally, Figure 21 depicts four families which have
some aspects of the eusirids in which one main feature
is the reduction of the accessory flagellum. The
Iphimediidae are characterised by acuminate coxae and
large rostra; characters of the mandible can be normal
or apomorphic as shown and the mouthpart bundle can
be normal or with the derived conical grouping as shown.
One small group, the Ochlesinae, has lost two or more
articles of the maxillipedal palp as depicted in the
dashed box.
The Pleustidae are very difficult in that they are
recognisable only grossly by their strange lower lip in
combination with the normalcy of most other characters.
The Laphystiidae below have simple gnathopods,
shortened coxae and reduced mandibular integrity.
The Lafystiopsidae to the right also have reduced
maxillipedal palps like Ochlesinae, and retain other
iphimediid characters such as large rostrum and at least
one acuminate coxa.
Examples of methodology in using the illustrated key
are given below.
Example 1. Perhaps the observer determines from
the completed checklist (Appendix 2), that the characters
of the box Liljeborgiidae (Fig.12) fit the specimen being
identified. All characters match those of the basic
gammaridean except for the mandibular molar, which
is nontriturative; the accessory flagellum is multiarticulate,
the mandible has a 3-articulate palp, the maxillae- are
normal, maxillipeds have well-developed lobes and
4-articulate palps, gnathopod 1 is of normal or enlarged
size and is subchelate, gnathopod 2, like gnathopod 1,
is enlarged and subchelate, all pleonites are free"
pereopods are generalised, uropod 3 is large and
biramous, and the telson cleft. The boxes of nearby
related families with which Liljeborgiidae might be
confused should be examined for special combinations
of characters not shared with the specimen at hand. For
example, the Gammaridae and Eusiridae are congruent
families, but the box of Eusiridae (Fig.20) indicates (1) by
the absence of a drawing of the mandible that it is either
like the basic gammaridean and therefore has a
triturative molar, or is of variable character; and (2) that
the accessory flagellum is 0 to 2-articulate. If the
specimen being identified has an accessory flagellum of
3+ articles then it is not a eusirid; if it has a 2-articulate
accessory- flagellum and triturative molar then it is not a
liljeborgiid; if it has a 2-articulate accessory flagellum and
a nontriturative molar it may be either a eusirid or
liljeborgiid and the reader would turn to the description
of those families and compare them with the specimen.
One would read the sections' on 'Relationships' to
discover that a few genera of Eusiridae also have a
nontriturative molar and thus resemble Liljeborgiidae;
but those genera lack an accessory flagellum entirely;
furthermore their gnathopods are unlike those of
Liljeborgiidae.
Example 2. Eusiridae (Fig.20) differ from the basic
gammaridean only by the reduction of the accessory
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
flagellum to 0 to 2 articles. The assumed normalcy of the
lower lip implies a distinction from the Pleustidae and the
Stilipedidae; uropods 1 and 2 in broken lines show a
distinction from the Liljeborgiidae.
Thus, the vestigial eusirid accessory flagellum is
shared with many other, families but the special
combination of basic gammaridean morphology plus
uropods and lower lip is distinctive.
Not mentioned are other deviations, such as the
occasional reduction of mandibular molars and
I-articulate first maxillary palps. Several other families
share these characters and may be partially defined by
them, but those families may be distinguished from the
Eusiridae by more important characteristics.
Example 3. If one has in hand a specimen with the
characters of the lower left box of Figure 3, then one
proceeds to the diagnosis of Amphilochidae. That
diagnosis must first include the antecedent diagnosis
for Amphilochoidea: "Accessory flagellum vestigial or
absent. Rostrum well developed. Peduncle of uropod 3
moderately to strongly elongate. Telson usually entire
but if telson cleft then propodus of gnathopods not
more than 1.4 times as long as broad, these gnathopods
with broad, subtransverse palms. Peduncle of uropod 3
slightly to strongly elongate". Then the family is defined
as "Coxa 4 immensely broadened, coxae 2-4 with
contiguous margins overlapping, not rabbeted, coxa 2 not
hidden; coxa 1 very small and hidden by coxa 2.
Peduncle of uropod 3 elongate. Telson entire, elongate".
Next is stated "See [the family] Eusiridae (=
Pontogeneiidae, Calliopiidae); Pleustidae; Leucothoidae;
Anamixidae; Stenothoidae (= Thaumatelsonidae);
Cressidae; Stegocephalidae".
The description of the Amphilochidae implies that
the rami of uropod 3 are 'normal' in size and placement.
In sequence, the description of the mentioned
Stenothoidae should be examined to see that uropod 3
is uniramous and therefore distinct from uropod 3 of
the Amphilochidae; et seq.
The Diagrammatic Key to Families is, at best, a method
of narrowing the search for a familial identification to a
few possibilities, each textual diagnosis and description
of which must be examined for goodness of fit. A
flexibility has been maintained in the diagrammatic key
because of space limitations in presenting a compact
visual impression of a group as well as the possibility that
the observer will handle undescribed genera and families.
The need to cross-check diagnoses and test keys to
genera in several families is a part of the identification
process. Perhaps the key to success in using the
diagrammatic keys is the need to memorise the plan of
the basic gammaridean and to keep an account of
generalised characters, especially the generalisation of
heads, feeble and strong gnathopods, anterior coxae, and
elongation of telsons and pereopods. Thus, Synopiidae
are extremely difficult to recognise because the subtle
shapes of their heads are primary to their identification.
Iphimediidae, Paramphithoidae, and Stegocephalidae are
recognised mainly by their anterior coxae.
Written keys. If the Diagrammatic Key 'to Families
59
does not produce results one may utilise the written key
to families. The written key is not as satisfactory as the
Diagrammatic Key because the observer must
repeatedly make 'yes or no' decisions on individual
characters and little accommodation for undescribed
genera and families can be made. Simplicity of the
keys requires occasional repetition of taxa in order to
account for morphological diversity.
Extraordinarily long keys are occasionally divided
into sections in order to improve their usefulness. The
establishment of subgroups in this manner is believed
to .be of assistance in retaining conceptual images while
the observer is proceeding through the maze of an
extremely complicated key.
The textual diagnoses, descriptions and relationships
of the families are presented in alphabetical sequence.
A few groups, for example, the Hyalidae, Hyalellidae,
and Talitridae (and several others) are initially combined
into superfamilygroups so as to provide family keys to
small groups subsidiary to the master family keys. The
master family key may therefore have a couplet
terminating in 'Talitroidea' for which there is a master
key in alphabetical placement and out of which the
observer may then proceed to the particular family. Each
family has a written key to its genera and each family
is accompanied by several sets of figures illustrating: (1)
the characters of the generic keys, and (2) the variation
in lateral aspects and appendages of the several genera.
It is largely up to the reader to find the nearby
illustrations of characters.
Diagnoses. Familial diagnoses are compatible in style
and brevity to the Diagrammatic Key to Families and are
not mutually exclusive, for the diagnoses only
differentiate the families from the basic gammaridean.
Interrelated families are listed as a '" part of the diagnoses
and are discussed under 'Relationships'. These
discussions are not necessarily repeated in all possible
places and the reader may have to turn from the
Synopiidae to the Liljeborgiidae, for example, in order
to find a discussion of the interrelationships between the
two families.
Genera are diagnosed in as brief and consistent form
as possible, in direct relationship to the keys. The format
of the diagnoses varies with the family. Where two
genera ,are mutually distinguished by a character of no
taxonomic importance to other genera of a family, the
alternatives of the character are italicised and the related
genus is stated. Such character alternatives are omitted
from the diagnoses of other genera. Character
alternatives that are known as 'combining characters',
because of their usage' in keys, are occasionally listed
in diagnoses and italicised; they reflect the, necessity to
state a general character that is diagnostic only
because it occurs in unique combination with all other
characters stated for the genus under question; the
character is not necessarily restricted to the taxon in
question.
Each diagnosis has as its framework the conditions
known for the type species or type genus and any
anomalous species are elaborated in 'Variables'. In
60
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
some families with few genera, the diagnoses are
confined to the keys. No doubt, the range of variation
permitted in the diagnoses is too narrow. Time has not
been allotted to analyse the literature of each species nor
to examine specimens in each genus in order to widen
the generic limitations. The literature is occasionally so
defective that one would waste time to ponder,
analyse, and argue possible truths or to speculate on
omissions. Many described species are undoubtedly
misclassified. However,we have checked all species
in the literature so as to place them in their proper
genera.
Brief synonymies of families with synonyms are
given but otherwise such information may be found in
Stebbing (1906) or J.L. Barnard (1969c).
Type species of each genus and their modes of
selection are listed within the generic synonymies. One
or more valuable references, if available, are given for
each species along with generalised distributional codes
and a summary for each genus. 'Littoral' includes
sublittoral, to 200 m; 'bathyal' includes depths from 200
to 2000 m (here); 'abyssal' exceeds 2000 m. Some species
in depths exceeding 200 m are pelagic but have not
been so designated because of uncertain data on collection
methods. Reference to terms such as 'arctic, antarctic,
boreal', is very imprecise because no exact
definitions are followed. If a genus is centred generally
in the antarctic as well as the subantarctic the
terminology is simplified to 'antarctic' . The 'arctic'
includes the Norwegian Basin and its fringes as well as
the polar basin. 'Biboreal' denotes occurrence in
northern and southern hemispheres; 'amphiboreal'
denotes occurrence in both oceans of the northern
hemisphere.
Occasionally depths in meters are given where they
have some interest or precision. Distributional
information in parentheses indicates rarity in those
situations.
Diagnosis of the Basic Marine Gammaridean
(Many Marine Gammaridae)
Head subcuboidal, not 'massive' ,rostrum small.
Antenna 1 without a callynophore. Accessory flagellum
well developed, with 4 or more articles.
Mouthpart field quadratiform from lateral view. Each
mandible with 3-articulate palp, article 3 longer than
article 1; molar present, with grinding surface composed
of ridges and teeth (= triturative). Lower lip with principal
lobes undivided (un-notched) and not widely separate.
Each maxilla 1 bearing inner lobe, outer spinose lobe,
and strong unflexed palp of 2 articles. Each maxilla 2 with
2 well-developed, similar, setose lobes. Each side of
maxillipeds with large inner (proximal) lobe and outer
(distal) lobe, and 4-articulate palp, article 4 claw-shaped
(unguiform).
Gnathopods well developed and subchelate
('powerful'), non-Iysianassid. Gnathopod 2 larger than
gnathopod 1 in male, gnathopod 1 never larger than 2
in female, article 3 of gnathopod 2 short. Article 4 of
pereopods 3-4 not extensively elongate. Pereopods 5-7
of congruent structure and successively slightly longer,
not fossorial.
Three pairs of large and subequal uropods present,
all biramous, rami subequal in length, lanceolate.
Peduncle of uropod 3 not elongate. Telson deeply cleft,
of medium length.
Coxae forming elongate, rectangular plates with
quadrate or rounded distal edges, coxae 1-4 of uniform
shape or slightly increasing in size consecutively, coxa
4 excavate posteriorly.
All body segments free. Metasome only as long as last
5 pereonites combined.
AMPHIPODA Latreille, 1816
Diagnosis. Peracarid Malacostraca lacking
carapace, thus having all but 1 or 2 of the thoracic
segments freely visible; 1 thoracic segment carrying
maxillipeds fused to head, occasionally next thoracic
segment carrying gnathopods also fused to head
(Caprellidea), followed by 7 (occasionally 6 or rarely 3
as in some Hyperiidea such as Lestrigonus) visibly
articulated thoracic segments, each bearing paired
appendages, followed by 6 abdominal segments or their
macroscopic remnants (except Caprellidea), first 3
(pleon) usually bearing paired biramous pleopods,
remaining 3 (urosome) bearing paired biramous uropods;
telson freely articulate, though often immovable, in
primitive and majority of members; head with 2 pairs of
antennae, first occasionally biramous; maxillipeds
lacking exopodites; heart mainly thoracic; respiration
thoracic with gills attached to coxae (or their remnants)
of segments 2-7 (variable); eyes sessile or rarely borne
on unstalked cephalic scale; eggs carried in female
brood pouch on ventral thorax formed of 2-4 (or rarely
5) pairs of lamellae attached to coxae 2-6.
Remarks. There are no radically degenerate and
fully endoparasitic. Gammaridae, although a number are
inquilines, ectoparasites, and commensals which have
sucking mouthparts and prehensile mechanisms on their
appendages.
Gammaridea, especially the Gammaridae, lie closest to
the logical, primitive stem of the Amphipoda and almost
all evolutionary lines from Gammaridae-like ancestors
are based on simplification of primitive parts. The
Caprellidea have but a vestige of the abdomen (except
Cercops and Caprogammarus) and the Hyperiidea have
lost the maxillipedal palps. Reduction of coxae is common
in. both of those suborders. Ingolfiellidea have lost all
pleopods but some have developed a scale on the
lateral cephalic lobes.
One family of Gammaridea, the Ochlesidae, have lost
the maxillipedal palps but their resemblance to
Gammaridea in coxae and body shape and their
presumed benthic habits have caused their assignment to
the Gammaridea.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Arnphipoda
Key to Suborders of Amphipoda
1.
2.
Gills not exceeding 3 pairs, oostegites not exceeding 2
pairs, (body otherwise skeletal, segments tubular or
flattened and pleurate; abdomen vestigial and pereonite
1 fused to head except in Caprogammaridae)
.
...................................................... CAPRELLIDEA (skeleton shrimps, whalelice, 300 species)
Gills exceeding 3 pairs, oostegites usually exceeding 2
pairs, (body compressed or flattened, rarely skeletal,
segments very rarely tubular or pleurate; abdomen
well developed, head free from pereonite 1)
2
Palps of maxillipeds absent
3
Palps of maxillipeds present
3.
Urosome
pelagic)
with
only
,
4
2 segments (provenance entirely
HYPERIIDEA (250 species)
Urosome with 3 segments (provenience benthic)
........................................................................... GAMMARIDEA (exceptional genus Ochlesis)
4.
Movable compound claw of gnathopods formed of
articles 6-7 together, pleopods vestigial or absent,
when present leaf-like (head occasionally with
articulate ocular scale)
INGOLFIELLIDEA (interstitial, 30+ species)
Claw of gnathopods formed of article 7 only, pleopods
well developed, rarely vestigial and only in terrestrial
species or 2 aquatic hypogean-anchialine genera of
Bogidiellidae
.
...... GAMMARIDEA (marine and freshwater scuds, land and beachhoppers, 5800 species)
Key to Marine Families of Suborder Gammaridea
(Generic names in parentheses ( ) indicate an exceptional
genus within the family designated)
A
Telson fleshy, thick, never.cleft (Fig.2 'fleshy')
Section A
B.
Telson flat and 'flappable' or undecided, cleft or entire
Section B
C.
Telson absent
~
Lysianassidae
61
62
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Section A
1.
Urosomite 1 elongate, at least 1.5 times as long as top
of pleonite 3 (Fig.2 Podoceridae ur)
2
- - Urosomite 1 not elongate
2.
4
Uropod 2 with hugely expanded peduncle
Cheluridae
- - Uropod 2 ordinary
3.
3
Uropod 3 with 0-1 ramus
Podoceridae
- - Uropod 3 with 2 rami
4.
Iciliidae
Anterior coxae and posterior pereopods splayed
outward radically; body form like fla~tened isopod,
extremely broad in relation to thickness
5
- - Anterior coxae and posterior pereopods not splayed,
body form not like flattened isopod
7
5.
Pereonites with pleurae
Temnophliantidae
- - Pereonites lacking pleurae
6.
6
Antenna 2 less than one fourth of body length,
flagellum shorter than peduncle, uropod 3 feeble,
evanescent,
mouthparts reduced,
mandibular palp
absent, palp of maxilla 1 reduced
Phliantidae
- - Antenna 2 two thirds of body length, flagellum
elongate, as long as peduncle, uropod 3 at least with 1
long ramus, mouthparts ordinary
(Sancho, Chosroes) Eusiridae
7.
Coxae 2-4 immense, coxa 1 tiny, hidden by coxa 2
(Fig.4 Stenothoidae c), outer plate of maxilliped tiny,
poorly spinose medially
- - Coxa 1 either large and visible or if tiny then outer
plate of maxilliped well developed and well spinose
medially
8.
Stenothoidae
,
8
Coxa 4 excavate posterodorsally
9
- - Coxa 4 not excavate posterodorsally
10
9.
Mandibular palp absent,
vestigial or absent
- - Mandibular palp
conspicuous
inner ramus of uropod 3
present, inner ramus
10. Pereopod 6 elongate and flagellate (Fig.5)
- - Pereopod 6 not elongate nor flagellate
Talitroidea
of uropod 3
Ischyroceridae
Maxillipiidae
11
11. Palp of maxilliped with 2 articles
Lafystiidae
- - Palp of maxilliped with 4 articles
12
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
12. Gnathopods 1-2 simple
- - Either gnathopod
13
1 or 2 subchelate
or carpo- or
'-J'p'V~,JV.l.J.V.L4... l-V •••• ,• •••••••• ,••••••••• ,••••••••••, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •' •••••••••, •••••••••' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ,• •••••••• ,••••••••• " •••••••••, ••••••
14
13. Rami of uropod 3 unequal, longer than inner rami,
supported by peduncular process, antenna 2 shorter
than 1, less than one third body length, carpus and
propodus of gnathopods 1-2 slender but together less
than 1.5 length of article 2
Laphystiopsidae
- - Rami of uropod 3 extending equally, lacking
peduncular process supporting rami, antenna 2 longer
than 1, more than two thirds body length, carpus and
propodus of gnathopod 1 immensely elongate, together
2.5 times length of article 2
Iciliidae
14. Uropod 2 with large inner dorsal expansion
Cheluridae
--Uropod 2 lacking large peduncular expansion
15
15. Either outer lobes of lower lip apically notched or
inner ramus of uropod 3 broad, pad-like and apically
setose
Ampithoidae
- - Outer lobes of lower lip not notched (one exception),
inner ramus of uropod 3 not broad, pad-like, nor
apically broad nor widely setose, or instead uropod 3
uniramous
16
16. Outer (or only) ramus of uropod 3 either hooked or
bearing non-articulate wires or hooks or denticles at
lateral apex
(see Corophiidae ,key) Ischyroceridae
--Outer (or only) ramus of uropod 3 lacking hooks,
wires or denticles
(including Aoridae, Isaeidae,
Photidae,
Pseudomegamphopidae,
Siphonoecetinae,
blending to Ischyroceridae)
Corophiidae
Section B
1.
Article 3 of gnathopod 2 elongate
- - Article 3 of gnathopod 2 not elongate
2.
Urosomites 1-2 coalesced, urosomite 3 free
-,- Urosomites 2-3 or 1-3 coalesced
- - Urosomites separate
Section C
2
some Phliantidae; Kamaka; Chevalia
Section D
3
63
64
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13
1)
Coxa 1 small or absent, much smaller than coxa 2 (less
than half surface area of coxa 2) and/or mostly hidden
~ by li then ropod 3 not e ceedin~aPices of uropods
CO><Q. 2
1-2 or pe nele not as I g as rami of opods 1-2;,if
uropo
greatly ex eding apices 0 uropods1-2 then
inne ramus sho
and scale-lik or peduncle
t
el ngate and ot more tha 1.2 times as I g as
peduncle
uropod 2, or rami much sho r than
peduncle thus uropod 3 ot like that of 'lrst part of
this couple.!]
. 5 e.e:k 0 tf\ E
{
- - Coxa 1 usually subequal to coxa 2 or never hidden
by following coxae (occasionally coxa 1 partly hidden
but all following coxae wider than long (gnathopod 1
always fully developed) or coxa 1 totally hidden by
following coxa
4
3.
4.
Uropod 3 uniramous, or lacking rami, or absent
- - Uropod 3 biramous, one ramus often reduced
5.
Mandibular palp absent (see alternative if Section G
unsatisfactory because of loss of palp through
dissecting procedures)
-,- Mandibular palp present (with rare exceptions)
6.
Section F
5
Section G
6
Mandibular molar absent or if present not triturative,
lacking numerous ridges and teeth (occasionally
large or immense and dominating mandible)
Section H
- - Mandibular molar well developed, triturative (Fig. 1M),
bearing ridges and teeth, never extremely large or
dominating mandible
7
7.
Peduncle of uropod 3 elongate, as long as or longer
than rami of uropods 1-2 and more than twice as long
as telson, also longer than peduncle of uropod 2,
uropod 3 usually greatly exceeding apices of either
uropods 1 or 2 and rami usually elongate, subequal
and nearly as long as rami of uropods 1-2 (Fig.19
upper left) (except Kanaloa), (uropod 3 usually missing
on specimens of this category but melphidippids are
also recognised by presence' of dorsal teeth and
serrations on pleon, in combination with short,
subequal and evenly quadrate anterior coxae, plus
. strong hemispherical lateral ocular bulges on head)
- - Peduncle of uropod 3 not elongate or if peduncle
elongate as above then uropod 3 not strongly
exceeding apices of uropods 1-2; if peduncle of
uropod 3 twice as long as telson then uropod 3 not
exceeding apices of uropods 1-2 or peduncle not as
long as rami or uropods 1-2; if uropod 3' greatly
exceeding apices of uropods 1-2 then, inner ramus
short and scale-like or peduncle not elongate and not
more than 1.2 times as long as peduncle of uropod 2,
or rami much shorter then peduncle, thus uropod 3
not like, that of first part of this couplet
8
11
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
8.
Coxae 2-3 longer than broad, pleon dorsally smooth,
pereopod 7 at least 1.5 times as long as 5 or 6, dactyl
very elongate, head without lateral ocular bulges (but
often strongly rostrate)
9
- - Coxae 2-3 very short and broader than long, pleon
dorsally toothed and serrate, pereopods 5-7 very long
but subequal in length to each other, dactyl short,
head with strong hemispherical ocular bulges on
sides
(also check Eusiridae) Melphidippidae
- - Coxae 2-3 about as long as broad, pleonite 4 with 1
dorsal tooth, pereopods 5-7 long but subequal in
length, dactyls short, head without lateral ocular bulges
(Gammaridae) Caseo
- - Coxae 2-3 slightly longer than broad, pleon dorsally
smooth, pereopods 5-7 similar, slightly and consecutively
more elongate but pereopod 7 less than 25% longer
than 6, dactyl short, head without ocular bulges but
often rostrate
(Rotomelita)· Gammaridae, (Metaleptamphopus) Eusiridae
9.
Uropod 3 peduncle not elongate
- - Uropod 3 peduncle elongate
Megaluropidae
10
10. Rami of uropods 1-2 lacking subapical spines (eyes if
present coalesced or contiguous)
Oedicerotidae
--Rami of uropods 1-2 with apical or subapical spines
(eyes if present bilateral)
Exoedicerotidae
--Rami of uropods 1-2 with apical spines, eyes coalesced
or contiguous
(Kanaloa) Oedicerotidae
11. Coxae 1-3 or 2-3 progressively and strongly shortened,
(and see similar megaluropids in Melphidippidae and
Caseo in Gammaridae with anteriorly acuminate coxa 1
Megaluropidae, Argissidae
- - Coxae 2 or 3 almost as long as or larger than coxa 1
12
12. Telson entire or emarginate, very short, coxa 4 not or
poorly excavate posteriorly (pereopods often glandular)
Section I
- - Telson entire or cleft, short or long, (coxa 4 usually
excavate posterodorsally or acuminate when telson
entire, but see Parapherusa in Gammaridae and Section
F) (pereopods not glandular)
13
13. Head massive ('galeate' see glossary) (Figs 99,113c) or
with strongly downtumed rostrum, or 'shark-nose'
rostral projection (gnathopods weak)
14
- - Head not massive or rostrum· if present on massive
head not downtumed (Hyperiopsidae have massive
head, no rostrum; Pleustidae and some Phoxocephalidae
have
downtumed
rostrum
on
small
head;
Platyischnopidae have shark-like anterior extension on
thin head)
16
65
66
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
14.
15.
Pereopod 7 conspicuously longer than pereopods 5-6,
at least 1.5 times as long as pereopod 6, accessory
flagellum absent or I-articulate and short if present,
peduncle of uropod 3 always elongate and telson
always half or less as long as that peduncle and
usually entire or emarginate (see couplet 7 above)
................................................... Megaluropidae, Exoedicerotidae, Oedicerotidae, return to 9
Pereopod 7 subequal to pereopod 6 in length though
both often elongate, accessory flagellum present and
multiarticulate; when I-articulate, accessory flagellum
elongate; peduncle of uropod 3 rarely elongate but
telson always (except Synopia with large accessory
flagellum) longer than and generally twice as long as
peduncle of uropod 3, cleft or entire
15
Pereopod 7 longer than 6, accessory flagellum present,
multiarticulate, peduncle of uropod 3 not elongate,
telson not longer than peduncle of uropod 3 (head
with subapical glandular spine-pits Eudevenopus)
Platyischnopidae
Uropod 3 variramous
Platyischnopidae
Uropod 3 magniramous
16.
17.
18.
Pereopods 5-7 strongly spinose or setose and/or with
elongate setae (' fossorial', see glossary)
17
Pereopods 5-7 poorly spinose or setose, not fossorial
32
Pereopod 7 conspicuously elongate, at least 1.5 times
longer than pereopod 6
18
Pereopod 7 not conspicuously elongate, subequal to,
shorter or slightly longer than pereopod 6
19
Uropod 3 grossly variramous, peduncle short
Uropod 3
3 vestigial
19.
20.
21.
Synopiidae
Platyischnopidae
aequiramous, peduncle elongate, or uropod
Exoedicerotidae, Oedicerotidae, Megaluropidae, return to 9
Telson elongate, nearly twice as long as peduncle of
uropod 3 or urosomite 3
:2()
Telson not elongate or scarcely exceeding length of
peduncle on uropod 3 or urosomite 3
22.
Coxa
reduced, less than half area of coxa 2
Coxa
ordinary, subequal to coxa 2
21
Head galeate, uropod 3 aequiramous
Synopiidae
Head ordinary, uropod 3 parviramous
Cardenioidae
(Amphiporeia) Pontoporeiidae
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
22. Base of primary flagellum on antenna 1 with
callynophore (Fig.12a1), thus article 1 of flagellum
longer than peduncle
Vitjazianidae
- - Base of primary flagellum on antenna 1 multiarticulate
or with weak callynophore (Fig. 55), article 1 of
flagellum less than half as long as peduncle
23
23. Pereopod 7
pereopod 6
24
shorter and/or of different structure than
- - Pereopod 7 closely similar to pereopod 6 in length and
morphology
28
24. Pereopod 7 as long as 6 but of grossly distinct
morphology
25
- - Pereopod 7
morphology
"2fj
shorter than 6 and of grossly distinct
25. Rostrum evanescent, anterior lobe of coxae 5-6 as
large as posterior lobe
(especially Priscillina) Pontoporeiidae
--Rostrum huge, cylindrical,
evanescent
anterior lobe of coxae 5-6
(especially Tomituka) Platyischnopidae
26. Mandible huge and thick, dwarfing .palp, incisor thick
and lacking teeth, molar huge and almost smooth
(especially Urothoides) Urothoidae
- - Mandible ordinary, incisor thin, with at least weak teeth,
molar large to small, triturative to smooth
Z7
27. Antenna 2 without lateral facial fossorial armaments,
rostrum almost absent but vertically thickened, carpus
of gnathopod 2 both elongate and wider than
propodus
(especially Pontoporeia) Pontoporeiidae
- - Antenna 2 with lateral facial fossorial armaments,
rostrum either long and flat dorsoventrally or often
reduced but remaining flat, carpus of gnathopod 2 not
both elongate and wider than propodus
28. Body covered with large articulate spines
- - Body not covered with spines
29. Pereopods 5-7 not of fossorial form
Caspian basin)
Phoxocephalidae
Ipimediidae
'2!:)
(except in Ponto-
- - Pereopods 5-7 of fossi0rial form
30. Outer ramus of uropod 3 shortened
- - Outer ramus of uropod 3 never less than 95% as long
as inner
Gamrriaridae
:3()
(Eusiridae) Sancho
31
67
68
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
31.
Head with normal gammarid
vestigial rostrum
- - Head with vestigial
flattened rostrum
to
vertically
well-developed dorsoventrally
- - Head with cylindrical rostrum
32.
thickened
(Haustorioidea) Pontoporeiidae, Cardenioidae
other Haustorioidea
(Haustorioidea) Condukiidae, Platyischnopidae
Some anterior coxae acuminate midventrally, accessory
flagellum less than 3-articulate
33
- - Anterior coxae not acuminate midventrally, or if
acuminate then accessory flagellum more than
2-articulate
:34-
33.
Pereopod 7 1.5 times as long as pereopod 6
Megaluropidae
- - Pereopod ·7 not significantly longer than 6
........................................................ (= Paramphithoidae, Acanthonotozomatidae) Iphimediidae
34.
Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 extremely elongate relative
to other articles (Fig. 1Op4), palp of one member of
maxilla 1 distinctly geniculate and scaled
Hyperiopsidae
- - Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 not elongate, palp of
maxilla 1 neither strongly geniculate nor scaled
35
35.
Telson entire (often with minute notch or shallow
emargination)
:3li
- - Telson cleft
40
36.
37
Accessory flagellum 2+articulate
- - Accessory flagellum I-articulate or absent
37.
38
Rami of uropod 3 cylindroconical, much shorter than
elongate peduncle
(Bathyphotis) Ischyroceridae
- - Rami of uropod 3 lanceolate or flabellate, much longer
than peduncle
Gammaridae
38.
-'-
39
Labium with unpointed,· tilted oval lobes astride partially
coalesced inner lobes (Fig.211, upper right)
Pleustidae
Labium with tilted or untilted outer lobes but with
distinct mandibular extensions (Fig. 1L), inner lobes
when present not coalesced (also examine key to
Eusiridae if telsonic condition dubious)
39
Telson longer than wide
(Calliopiidae
= Gammarellidae) Eusiridae
- - Telson as wide as or wider than long
40.
Article 1 of primary flagellum on antenna 1 as long as
peduncle
- - Article 1 of primary flagellum on antenna 1 not. longer
than half of peduncle
'
Gammaridae
~
41
42
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
41.
Head galeate, rostrum well developed
- - Head not galeate, rostrum small
42.
Synopiidae
(Vemanidae) Vitjazianidae
Telson elongate, twice as long as peduncle of uropod 3
43
- - Telson rarely longer than peduncle of uropod 3, never
twice as long as peduncle of uropod 3
46
43.
Urosomite 3 twice as long as urosomite 2, head with
anterodorsal margin extended as blunt plow
(Pseudotiron) Synopiidae
- - Urosomite 3 less than 1.5 times as long as urosomite 2,
head of normal gammaridean dimensions
44
44.
Accessory flagellum 3+articulate
(exceptional) Synopiidae
- - Accessory flagellum 0 to 2-articulate (examine key to
Eusiridae if telson dubious) (rarely Gammaridae, check
gammarid keys in Bamard & Bamard, 1983)
45.
Inner ramus of uropod 3 as long as outer
45
(Calliopiidae) Eusiridae
- - Inner ramus of uropod 3 reduced
46.
Inner ramus of uropod 3 short and scale-like
_.- Inner ramus of uropod 3 elongate
47.
Outer ramus of uropod 3 with 2 articles
- - Outer ramus of uropod 3 I-articulate
48.
Gammaridae
c ••••••••••••••••••
Gammaridae
~
Gammaridae
48
Rami of uropod 3 foliaceous (Fig.19r3, upper right)
Megaluropidae, Gammaridae
- - Rami of uropod 3 lanceolate (Fig.19r3, lower right)
49
49.
Mandibular palp article 2 shorter than article 1 or
absent
Gammaridae
- - Mandibular palp article 2 longer than article 1 or
mandibular palp 0 to I-articulate
5()
50.
Gnathopod 1 simple
- - Gnathopod 1 subchelate
51.
Accessory flagellum 2+articulate
- - Accessory flagellum 0 to I-articulate
69
Gammaridae
51
Gammaridae
Eusiridae
It-=t-
70
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Section C
1.
Head and body strongly
coxae splayed (Fig. 105A)
- - Head subglobular, body
splayed
depressed
(Fig.7 upper),
cylindrical, coxae
2
short, not
- - Head compressed or subglobular (Figs 1 Head, 2
globular), body compressed laterally, coxae not grossly
splayed
2.
Pereonites with pleurae (extensions of pereonites with
gaps between them basal to coxae)
- - Pereonites lacking pleurae
3.
Eophliantidae
3
Temnophliantidae
Phliantidae
Uropod 3 uniramous, gnathopods strongly chelate,
article 2 of antenna 1 much longer than or equal to
article 1
Sebidae
- - Uropod 3 usually biramous but when uniramous then
article 2 of antenna 1 not elongate or gnathopod 1 not
chelate, article 2 of antenna 1 shorter than or equal to
article
14
- - Uropod 3 biramous (vari- or parviramous), gnathopods
chelate, article 2 of antenna 1 equal to or slightly
longer than article 1
Platyischnopidae
Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 enormously elongate
relative to other articles and often inflated (Fig.22B3)
5
-.- Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 of normal length relative to
other articles
6
4.
5.
Palp of maxilla 1 claviform, slightly geniculate
- - Palp of maxilla 1 not geniculate
6.
Gnathopod 2 with form of lysianassid mitten (Fig.9g2,
upper left)
- - Gnathopod 2 not typical of lysianassids
7.
Hyperiopsidae
proceed to couplet 6
7
13
Accessory flagellum absent, pleonites 1-3 with sharp
dorsal processes (articles 5-6 of gnathopod 2 lacking
scales or minute coarse setules)
8
- - If accessory flagellum absent then pleonites 1-3
90rsally smooth, accessory flagellum otherwise present
(articles 5-6 of gnathopod 2 bearing or lacking scales
or minute coarse setules)
9
8.
Mandibular palp present, uropod 3 biramous
- - Mandibular palp absent, uropod 3 lacking rami
Iphimediidae
Ceinidae
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
9.
Rostrum well developed, cylindrical
10
--Rostrum vestigial
11
10. Uropod 3 with inner ramus reduced, outer with 2
articles
"
Platyischnopidae
- - Uropod 3 aequiramous, outer ramus with 1 article
(Bathyamaryllis) Lysianassidae
11. Mandibular incisor not dentate in middle (Fig. 127B)
12
- - Mandibular incisor dentate in middle
Valettiidae, Valettiopsidae
12. Mandible flat, without palp
Stegocephalidae
- - Mandible otherwise, either thick or with palp
Lysianassidae
~
13. Some urosomites coalesced
- - Urosomites separate
14
16
14. Uropod 3 biramous
:
--Uropod 3 uniramous
15
Kuriidae
15. Coxae 1-4 of dexaminid form (Figs 50-51), mandibular
body 3-dimensional
Dexalllinidae
--Coxae 1-4 of stegocephalid form (Fig.122), mandibular
body flat
(Andaniotes) Stegocephalidae
16. Uropod 3 formed only of small scale-like peduncle
17
--Uropod 3 bearing 1-2 rami (inner often reduced)
18
- - Uropod 3 with small 2-articulate ramus
Nihotllngidae
17. Mandible and maxilla 1 with palp, inner plates of
maxillae 1-2 with medial setae
Didymocheilidae
- - Mandible and maxilla 1 lacking palp, inner plates of
maxillae 1-2 lacking medial setae
Ceinidae
18. Uropod 3 with 1 ramus
- - Uropod 3 with 2 rami
19. Mandibles and maxillae vestigial
- - Mandibles and maxillae well developed
20. Gnathopod 1 reduced to 1 article
--Gnathopod 1 composed of·7 articles
(especially Microprotopus) Corophiidae
19
Anamixidae
~
Bateidae
21
7]
72
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
21.
Accessory flagellum 0 to 2-articulate, mouthparts from
lateral view usually grouped in conical bundle,
pereopods not strongly spinose
22..
- - Accessory flagellum 1+articulate, mouthparts from
lateral view usually quadrately grouped, pereopods
strongly spinose-setose (fossorial)
Haustorioidea
22.
Mandibular palp present, pleon processiferous
Iphimediidae
- - Mandibular palp absent, pleon smooth
Stegocephalidae
Section D
1.
Body plan cylindrical or depressed (like tanaids or
flattened isopods (Fig.7 upper)
2
- - Body plan compressed laterally (ordinary)
8
2.
3
Mandible lacking palp, molar degraded
- - Mandible with 1 to 3-articulate palp, molar triturative
3.
Body cylindrical, like tanaids, smooth, coxae not
splayed
- - Body strongly depressed, very broad, rugose,
large, splayed; or pereonites with pleurae
4.
Inner plates of maxilliped tiny, mostly fused together
Pereonites with pleurae
Phliantidae
Urosomites 1-3 coalesced
7
Uropods 1-2 of diverse structure (Fig.2 upper right)
- - Uropods 1-2. similar to each other or degraded
8.
Colomastigidae
Temnophliantidae
- - Urosomites 2-3 coalesced, urosomite 1 very elongate
7.
5
Eophliantidae
- - Pereonites lacking pleurae
6.
4
coxae
- - Inner plates of maxilliped large, separate
5.
6
Uropod 3 uniramous or without rami
Podoceridae
Cheluridae
Corophioidea
9
- - Uropod 3 biramous
13
9..
10
Coxa
visible, not covered by following coxae
-.-. Coxa 1 g.mall, hidden by large following coxae
10.
Body and head
ramus
12
with sharp cusps, uropod 3 lacking
0
- - Body and head smooth, uropod 3 with ramus
Plioplateidae
11
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Mandible lacking palp, mol~r present, inner plates of
maxillipeds fully developed, telson cleft
Kuriidae
- - Mandible bearing palp, molar absent, inner plates of
maxilliped obsolescent, telson entire
Pagetinidae
11.
12.
Telson and pleonite 6 coalesced even though telson
recognisable and unthickened, article 2 of pereopod 5
expanded
Cressidae
- - Telson thickened dorsoventrally but separate from telson,
urosomites often partially coalesced, article 2 of pereopod
5 linear
(Thaumatelsoninae) Stenothoidae
13.
Mandibular palp absent
14
- - Mandibular palp present
14.
15
Pereopod 7 not significantly longer than pereopod 6,
dactyl short, curved, naked, telson cleft
Dexaminidae
- - Pereopod 7 much longer than pereopod 6, dactyl
elongate, straight, setose, telson entire
Paracalliopiidae
15.
Pereopod 7 of different structure from pereopod 6, thus
article 2 of pereopod 7 shield-like or with sharp angles
(Fig.12p7, upper)
- - Pereopod 7 similar to but often longer than
(or these pereopods broken and missing)
16.
16
pereopod 6
18
Head elongate or with cuticular lenses (Fig.12h), marginal
setae on article 2 of pereopod 7 long and dense, borne
on ventral lobe (Fig.12p7, left)
Ampeliscidae
- - Head ordinary or galeate, lacking cuticular lenses, often
with ordinary eyes, setae on article 2 of pereopod 7
either short or sparse, ventral lobe not prominent
17
17.
Telson cleft, peduncle of uropod 3 shorter than telson or
rami of uropod 3, dactyl of pereopod 7 short
Dexaminidae
- - Telson entire, peduncle of uropod 3 elongate, longer than
telson, almost as long as rami of uropod 3, or uropod 3
vestigial, dactyl of pereopod 7 elongate (and setose)
22
18.
Telson cleft or deeply emarginate, flat
Dexaminidae
- - Telson entire or slightly emarginate, fleshy
19.
Urosomite
elongate
-.-
Urosomite
not elongate or all urosomites coalesced
20.
Uropods 1-2 extremely diverse,
peduncular expansion
19
Podoceridae
~
20
uropod 2 with huge
- - ·Uropods 1-2 similar to each other and ordinary or
reduced or absent
Cheluridae
21
73
74
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
21.
Telson fleshy, fixed solidly, pereopod 7 not greatly
longer than 6, dactyl short
Corophioidea
- - Telson flat, flappable, pereopod 7 greatly longer than
6, dactyl long and setose
22.
22.
Eyes fused dorsally or absent, head galeate,
gnathopods ordinary, uropods 1-2 lacking apical ramal
spines
(especially Perioculodes group) Oedicerotidae
- - Eyes close together but bilateral, head not galeate, see
illustrations of unusual gnathopods in both sexes
(Fig.102), uropods 1-2 lacking apical spines
Paracalliopiidae
- - Eyes close together but bilateral, head not galeate, see
illustrations of unusual gnathopods (Fig.100g of A,F,J,N),
uropods 1-2 with apical ramal spines
Exoedicerotidae
Section E
1.
Gnathopod 1 reduced to 1 or 2 articles or absent
- - Gnathopod 1 with 6-7 articles
2.
3.
3
Mandibles and maxillae ordinary
- - Mandibles and maxillae vestigial,
dominated by ventral keel
2
Bateidae
mouthpart field
Anamixidae
Article 5 of antenna 2 strongly expanded (antennae
with plumose setae longer than any antennal article,
pereopods 5-7 fossorial)
Haustorioidea
--Article 4 of antenna 2 not expanded (setae of
antennae not elongate plumes, pereopods 5-7 usually
not fossorial)
4
4.
Gnathopod 1 strongly carpochelate, carpus longer
than propodus
(or appearing as
propodochelate
because of loss of dactyl)
'
5
- - Gnathopod 1 subchelate or simple, or carpus shorter
than propodus (occasionally carpus with long lobe but
not distinctly chelate)
6
- - Gnathopod 1 simple or subchelate, not carpochelate,
carpus longer than propodus (pereopods often weakly
to strongly fossorial)
11
5.
Propodus of gnathopod 1 evenly slender, rectangular,
posterior margin straight axially, carpochela extending
full length of propodus (or gnathopod 1 absent)
Anamixidae
- - Propodus of gnathopod 1 not evenly slender, posterior
margin not axially straight, carpochela not reaching full
length of propodus
Amphilochoidae, Cyproideinidae
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
6.
Uropod 3 biramous
,
.
- - Uropod 3 uniramous
7.
17
Head of platyischopid form (Fig.15, lower left), thus with
shark-nose projection, pereopods fossorial
Platyischnopidae
- - Head not of platyischnopid form, pereopods not fossorial
8.
Pereopod 6 extremely elongate,
2-7 short, of equal length
8
flagellate apically, coxae
Maxillipiidae
- - Pereopod 6 ordinary, coxae 2-7 of divergent groups
9.
Coxa 4 not excavate
glandular
- - Coxa 4 excavate
glandular
10.
posterodorsally, pereopods
posterodorsally, pereopods
9
3-4
10
3-4 not
16
Rami of uropod 3 shorter than peduncle, outer ramus with
distal hook or denticles or few subapical wire-like setae,
no other setae
(Ischyroceridae) Corophioidea
- - Rami of uropod 3 as long as or longer than peduncle,
outer ramus setose or spinose but lacking special hooks
or denticles
(isaeid-photid groups) Corophioidea
11.
Uropod 3 uniramous
12
- - Uropod 3 biramous
12.
Coxa
- - Coxa
13.
13
reduced, pereopod 7 ordinary
Stenothoidae
ordinary, pereopod 7 greatly elongate
Exoedicerotidae
Peduncle of uropod 3 not or slightly elongate, telson
elongate, cleft
14
- - Peduncle of uropod 3 elongate, telson short, entire
14.
Exoedicerotidae
Coxae 2-3 large, unhidden, body smooth
,.15
- - Coxae 1-3 small and mostly hidden by coxa 4, body with
large dorsal processes
15.
Uropod 3 aequiramous, gnathopod 2 simple
(Parargissa) Hyperiopsidae
Exoedicerotidae, Cardenioidae
- - Uropod 3 parvi- or variramous,- gnathopod 2 subchelate or
chelate
16.
Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 exceptionally elongate, base of
primary flagellum on antenna 1 with callynophore, longer
than peduncle, palp of maxilla 1 geniculate and scaled
Platyischnopidae
(Parargissa) Hyperiopsidae
- - Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 not elongate, base of primary
flagellum on antenna 1 with callynophore poorly
developed or absent, palp of maxilla 1 not geniculate nor
scaled grossly
(Cyproideidae) Amphilochoidea
75
76
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
17.
Gnathopods simple, slender, with dense setae as long
as carpus and propodus, all coxae at least as broad as
long
(isaeids-photids) Corophioidea
- - Gnathopods usually subchelate, one pair usually stout,
if not then their setae very short, sparse, some coxae
much longer than broad
18
18.
Article 2 of pereopod 5 slender, linear
- - Article 2 of pereopod 5
6-7
19.
expanded as
Stenothoidae
on pereopods
19
Uropod 3 very long, 3-articulate, surface area of outer
plate on maxilliped much smaller than article 1 of palp
Cressidae
- - Uropod 3 vestigial, I-articulate, surface of outer plate
on maxilliped much larger than article 1 of palp
(Ceina wannape) Ceinidae
Section F
Uropod 3 essentially uniramous, lacking rami or occasionally absent; when present,
inner ramus scale-like and outer ramus cylindrical; Cheluridae partially included
herein although outer ramus flat; observer urged to verify that one ramus of
uropod 3 not accidentally fallen off.
1.
Mandibular molar triturative or if not then cup shaped
- - Mandibular molar smooth or bearing few articulate
spines, or molar absent or not cup shaped
2.
16
Mandibular palp absent
3
- - Mandibular palp present
3.
2
! •••••••••••••••••••••••
All urosomites coalesced
Kuriidae
- - Urosomites separate
4.
Antennae and pereopods
spines and setae long
4
strongly spinose or
-6.
setose,
e••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
- - Antennae and pereopods poorly
(spines if numerous small)
5.
9
spinose or
5
setose
6
Carpi of gnathopods with large lobes, rami of uropods
1-2 without spines
Dogielinotidae
~arpi of gnathopods npt o~ poor!y lobate,rami of
'uropods 1-2 with conspicuous apical spines
"Exoedicerotidae
Uropod 3 lacking ramus
- - Uropod 3 with ramus
(Hyalellinae) Ceinidae
7
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
7.
Article 4 of pereopod 5 less than half as wide as
article 2, article 4 of pereopods 5-6 not heavily setose
8
- - Article 4 of pereopod 5 about two thirds or more as
wide as article 2, article 4 of pereopods 5-6 heavily
setose
Dogielinotidae
8.
Telson cleft
Hyalidae
- - Telson entire
9.
Hyalellidae
Urosomite 1 elongate, longer than metasomite 3· and
more than twice as long as urosomite 2
Podoceridae
- - Urosomite 1 not elongate as above
10
10.
11
All urosomites coalesced
- - Urosomites separate
11.
12
Uropods 1-2 strongly diverse,
grossly expanded
peduncle of uropod 2
Cheluridae
- - Uropods 1-2 normally styliform or otherwise reduced
or absent
12.
(other) Corophiopidea
Labium lacking inner lobes, outer lobes obsolescent,
gnathopods small, chelate, slender, article 6 elongate
Didymocheliidae
- - Labium with inner lobes, mandibular lobes strong,
gnathopods not taking form of Fig.9, lower left
·.13
13.
Urosome depressed
(check Iciliidae) Corophioidea
- - Urosome not depressed (or decision difficult)
14.
Telson fleshy, pereopod 7
fossorial
14
though often elongate not
(check Iciliidae) Corophioidea
- - Telson not fleshy, pereopod 7 fossorial
15.
15
Pereopod 7 very elongate, dactyl elongate
Exoedicerotidae
- - Pereopod 7 equals pereopod 6, dactyl short
16.
Condukiidae
Mandibular· palp present
,
17
- - Mandibular palp absent
17.
19
Gnathopods subchelate, outer plates of maxilliped very
small, inner plates obsolete
e ••••••••••••••••• e •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
- - Gnathopods chelate, inner
maxilliped well formed
and outer
plates
Pagetinidae
of
e ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• e ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
18
77
78
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
18.
Article 2 of antenna 1 equal to or longer than article
1, uropod 3 with ramus, inner plates of maxillae 1-2
lacking medial setae
Sebidae
- - Article 2 of antenna 1 shorter than article 1, uropod 3
lacking ramus, inner plates of maxillae 1-2 richly
setose medially or facially
Didymocheliidae
19.
Body cylindrical, coxae small
Eophliantidae
- - Body depressed, rugose, coxae splayed laterally, or
if not rugose, pereonites laterally discontiguous
20
- - Body laterally compressed, coxae large, not splayed
21
20.
Pereonites with lateral pleurae
Temnophliantidae
- - Pereonites without lateral pleurae
21.
Phliantidae
Coxae 2-3 much smaller than coxa 1 (coxa 4 as wide
as 4 pereonites), accessory eyes present, ramus of
uropod 3 2-articulate, mandible styliform, bifid
Nihotungidae
- - Coxae 2-3 larger than coxa 1 (coxa 4 variable),
accessory eyes absent, ramus of uropod 3 I-articulate,
mandible not styliform, incisor with many teeth
22
22.
Molar spine-like, antenna 1 without long aesthetascs,
uropod 3 with tiny ramus
Najnidae
- - Molar absent, antenna 1 with long aesthetascs, uropod
3 with large ramus
Tulearidae
- - Molar present, antenna 1 with
uropod 3 lacking ramus
23.
long aesthetascs,
23
Head dorsoventrally depressed, complexly and sharply
cuspidate, coxae and antennae cuspidate
Plioplateidae
- - Head, anterior body and antennae smooth
Ceinidae
Section G
1.
Body plan cylindrical
2
--Body plan compressed or depressed
2.
4
Palp of maxilla 1 larger than outer plate, inner lobes
of maxilliped degraded
Colomastigidae
- - Palp of maxilla 1 degraded, inner lobes of maxilliped
well developed, separate
3
3.
Uropod 3 biramous
- - Uropod 3 less than biramous
~
Biancolinidae
Eophliantidae
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
4.
Mandibular molar enormous, smooth
(Jeddo) Synopiidae
- - Mandibular molar of medium size, triturative
5
- - Mandibular molar evanescent or absent, not triturative
9
5.
~
Uropod 3 with subequal rami
- - Uropod 3 with inner ramus reduced or absent
6.
8
Uropod 3 with basofacial spine
Artesiidae, Gammaridae
--Uropod 3 lacking basofacial spine
7.
6
7
Coxae 1-5 longer than broad, gnathopod 2 large,
subchelate, carpus short, lobed, rami of uropod 3
shorter than peduncle, pad-like, pereopod 6 ordinary
(Sunamphitoe) Ampithoidae
- - Coxae broader than long, gnathopod 2 feeble, linear,
simple, carpus elongate, unlobed, rami of uropod 3
longer than
peduncle,
lanceolate,
pereopod 6
immensely elongate, apically flagellate
Maxillipiidae
8.
Accessory flagellum absent
(Hyalidae) Talitroidea
--Accessory flagellum present
9.
(Beaudettia) Gammaridae
Mouthparts from lateral view conically grouped
below head, uropod 3 biramous, well developed,
coxae 1-4 compressed, elongate, forming lateral shield,
coxa 4 excavate, body compressed, more or less smooth
Stegocephalidae
- - Mouthparts grouped in conical bundle, uropod 3
biramous, coxae 1-4 short, broader than long, forming
weak lateral shield, body semicylindrical, smooth, coxa
4 not excavate
(Rhynohalicella) Pardaliscidae
- - Mouthparts from lateral view not conically grouped
below head, uropod 3 degraded, coxae 1-4 not forming
lateral shield, splayed laterally, coxa 4 excavate, body
depressed, rugose
Phliantidae
- - Mouthparts from lateral view not conically grouped
below head, uropod 3 biramous, well developed, coxae
1-4 compressed, very short, not forming lateral shield,
coxa 4 not excavate, body compressed, smooth
(Parahalice) Pardaliscidae
Section H
1.
Palp of maxilliped with fewer than 4 articles
- - Palp of maxilliped with 4 articles
2.
Coxae 1-3 grotesque (Fig.78), coxa 4 not larger than 3,
not sharply produced ventrally
--Coxae 1-3 uniform (Fig.81), coxa 4 larger than 3 and
sharply produced ventrally
2
-
3
(Ochlesinae) Iphimediidae
Lafystiidae
79
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Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
3.
Mouthparts from lateral view conically grouped below
head (Fig.2Ih)
4
- - Mouthparts from lateral view quadrately grouped below
head (Fig.Ih)
5
4.
Anterior coxae long, some acuminate ventrally
Iphimediidae
- - Anterior coxae short, not acuminate ventrally
5.
Gnathopod
- - Gnathopod
6.
(Halicella) Pardaliscidae
carpochelate
6
propodochelate, subchelate or simple
7
Gnathopods huge, some articles on peduncles
antennae 1-2 elongate, plates of maxilliped small
- - Gnathopods feeble, articles of peduncles on
very short, plates of maxilliped huge
of
Leucothoidae
antennae
ee • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
7.
(Astyra) Stilipedidae
Mandibular molar present though occasionally minute
8
- - Mandibular molar absent
8.
'2:)
Pereopod 7 much shorter and of different structure
than pereopod 6, head with strongly depressed rostrum
(retum to Sect. B, couplet 13) Phoxocephalidae, etc.
(except Leptophoxus) .....
oe •••••••••••••••••••
- - Pereopod 7 shorter than 6 but of similar structure,
rostrum cylindrical or flattened even though tiny
~
.
..................................................................... (also return to Sect. A, couplet 29) Haustorioidea
- - Pereopod 7 unlike pereopod 6,
longer and
different structure or with shield-shaped article 2
of
9
- - Pereopod 7 of structure similar to pereopod 6, rarely
shorter than 6, rostrum if present not flattened
9.
Uropod 3 aequiramous,
3 vestigial
11
peduncle elongate, or uropod
Oedicerotidae, Exoedicerotidae
- - Uropod 3 grossly variramous or parviramous, peduncle
short relative to outer ramus
10.
10
Head with cylindrical rostrum
Platyischnopidae
- - Head ordinary
11.
Telsonelongate, more than twice as long as urosomite
3...................................................................................................................•..·
- - Telson short, subequal to or shorter than urosomite 3
(seen laterally)
12.
Artesiidae
12
14
Accessory flagellum I-articulate, antennae with large
calceoli, gnathopods large and strongly subchelate
(Eusirella, Eusiropsis) Eusiridae
- - Accessory flagellum multiarticulate, antennae lacking
calceoli, gnathopods feeble
13
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
13.
Mandible
j-a.lm,en~aOllal'l
molar present, coxae not short
- - Mandible very
14.
5-7
half as long as
coxae short
Pardaliscidae
of
setae at least
................................................................................................... 15
- - Pereopods 5-7 not fossorial, setae and spines
short, scarcely exceeding length of article 3
15.
Synopiidae
very
17
Accessory flagellum 0 to I-articulate, tiny, pereopod 7
very elongate, at least 1.5 times as long as pereopods
5-6, uropod 3 elongate, peduncle elongate, rami
slender, lanceolate,
subequal to peduncle (often
broken), outer ramus
I-articulate, telson short,
linguiform, entire or emarginate
Oedicerotidae
- - Accessory flagellum rarely vestigial, usually 2+articulate,
pereopod 7 of size approximate to 6 or much shorter
than 6, peduncle of uropod 3 usually short, rami
unequal in females, usually outer ramus 2-: articulate,
if not then accessory flagellum multiarticulate, telson
cleft even minutely, usually elongate
16
16.
Coxae large and overlapping, propodi of gnathopods
not dominant, peduncle of uropod 1 lacking basofacial
spine (occasionally setose)
Haustorioidea
- - Coxae minute, disjunct, propodi of gnathopods dominant,
peduncle of uropod 1 with basofacial spine
Carangoliopsidae
17.
Telson cleft
18
- - Telson entire
22
18.
Gnathopods powerfully subchelate (Fig. 12, lower left)
19
-
Gnathopods feeble (Fig.129)
~
19.
Accessory flagellum 2+articulate, rostrum obsolescent,
telson cleft 75%
Liljeborgiidae
- - Accessory flagellum absent, rostrum nearly as long as
article 1 of antenna 1, telson cleft 40%
(Pseudamphilochidae) Amphilochoidea
- - Accessory flagellum 0 to
obsolescent, telson cleft 25%
20.
I-articulate,
rostrum
(Austropleustes) Pleustidae
Mandibular molar a large setulose tuberosity
- - Mandibular molar a conical or trapezoidal setose lamina
or hump
21.
Coxae long, coxa 1 broadened
21
Stilipedidae
- - Coxae short, coxa 1 not broadened
- - Coxae long, coxa 1 not broadened
(Synopia) Synopiidae
Pardaliscidae
~
(Epimeriella) Iphimediidae
81
82
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
22.
Coxa 3 with about 3 times surface area of coxa 4,
maxillipeds foliaceous, article 3 of mandibular palp
vestigial, subequal to article 1
(Synopia) Synopiidae
- - Coxa 4 usually slightly larger than, subequal to or
scarcely smaller than coxa 3, maxillipeds not foliaceous,
article 3 of mandibular palp much longer than article 1
23
23.
Coxae 1-4 wider (anterior-posterior) than long (dorsalventral)
- - Coxae 1-4 longer than wide
24.
25
Coxae contiguous or slightly overlapping
- - Coxae not touching serially
25.
24
(Calliopiidae) (Eusiridae)
(2 genera) Laphystiopsidae
Mandibular molar a setose conical lamella
26
- - Mandibular molar bulbous, ovate or cylindrical
1]
26.
Coxa
- - Coxa
27.
broader than coxa 2
not broader than coxa 2
(Epimeriella) Iphimediidae
Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 enormously elongate,
accessory flagellum long, 3+articulate
- - Article 4 of pereopods 3-4
flagellum 0 to 2-articulate
28.
Stilipedidae
Hyperiopsidae
ordinary, accessory
28
Inner plate of maxilla 2 with apical spine only, no
medial armament, medial margin on outer plate of
maxilliped irregularly acclivate, with 4-5 irregularly
placed setal-spines, propodi of gnathopods expanded
apicad, palm subtransverse
Bolttsiidae
- - Inner plate of maxilla 2 medially or apically multisetose,
medial margin on outer plate of maxilliped regularly
spinose or setose, propodi of gnathopods not
expanded apicad, palm not transverse
Calliopiidae, Pleustidae
29.
Maxillae not foliaceous (except rarely palp of maxilla
1), coxa 1 not expanded
- - Maxillae foliaceous, coxa 1 expanded
Pardaliscidae
Stilipedidae
Section I
1.
Pereopod 7 exceeding 1.5 times
length of pereopods
5-6
- - Pereopod 7 scarcely longer than pereopod 6
2.
Rami of uropods 1-2 without apical or subapical spines
- - Rami of uropods 1-2 with apical or subapical spines
2
4
Oedicerotidae
3
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
3.
Uropod 3 magniramous or vestigial, peduncle elongate
or vestigial, anterior lobe of coxae 5-6 as large as
posterior lobe
- - Uropod 3 variramous, peduncle short,
coxae 5-6 evanescent
anterior lobe of
- - Uropod 3 magniramous, peduncle short,
of coxae 5-6 longer than posterior lobe
4.
Exoedicerotidae
(Eudevenopus) Platyischnopidae
anterior lobe
Peduncle of uropod 2 greatly expanded (Fig.2r2, upper
right)
(Melphisana) Melphidippidae
Cheluridae
- - Peduncle of uropod 2 not greatly expanded
5.
5
Outer ramus of uropod 3 bearing 1-2 giant hooked,
articulate spines, rami pad-shaped
Ampithoidae
-,- Outer ramus of uropod 3 lacking giant hooks,
occasionally with tiny hooks or denticles, rami not padshaped
6
6.
7
Urosomite
elongate
- - Urosomite 1 not elongate
7.
Pleopodal peduncles medially broadened, telson not
fleshy, gnathopods alike, very elongate, simple
--Pleopodal peduncles slender, telson fleshy, gnathopods
diverse, one or both subchelate
8.
9
Iciliidae
e ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
8
Uropod 3 with 0-1 ramus, peduncular articles of
antenna 1 very elongate
Podoceridae
- - Uropod 3 with 2 rami, peduncular articles of antenna 1
very elongate
(Sancho) Eusiridae
9.
Telson thick and fleshy, pereopods glandular ................................•.................. Corophioidea
- - Telson thin, pereopods not glandular
10
10. Gnathopods feeble, subequal, article 3 of mandibular
palp vestigial, article 1 of primary flagellum on antenna
1 elongate, plates of maxilliped foliaceous
Synopiidae
- - Gnathopods feeble, subequal, article 3 of mandibular
palp ordinary, article 1 of primary flagellum (if present)
not elongate, plates of maxilliped ordinary
11
- - Gnathopods strong, (usually dimorphic), subchelate,
article 3 of mandibular palp strong, article 1 of primary
flagellum on antenna 1 not elongate, plates of
maxilliped not foliaceous
12
11. Coxae acuminate
- - Coxae ordinary
Iciliidae
Eusiridae
83
84
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
12.
1 slightly
than 2
smaller than or equal to 2
13.
Aoces~so]~V !laQ:e~llu]m
Gammaridae
13
with 3+ articles
Gammaridae
AoceSlsol·V flagellum 0 to 2-articulate
Eusiridae
AMPELISCIDAE Costa, 1957
Diagnosis. Urosomites 2-3 coalesced. Pereopods 56 alike but pereopod 7 of distinct structure, article 2 with
distinct, usually broad posteroventral lobe, article 2 of
pereopods 5-6 rhomboid or diamond shaped and poorly
lobed. Eyes when present composed of internal pigment
masses served by 2-4 external cuticular lenses. Accessory
flagellum absent. Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 elongate,
article 6 much shorter than 4 and article 5 much shorter
than 6, these pereopods glandular. Head very large.
Gnathopods feeble. Uropod 3 biramous. Telson laminar.
See Dexaminidae, various haustorioids, and
Argissidae.
Description. Body compressed, rarely rugose
(Ampelisca jurcigera) or weakly carinate except
urosomite 1 generally with dorsal process; body pliable
or flaccid (contrast to Dexaminidae). Head anteriorly
truncate or rarely produced (A. cyclops, A. misakiensis).
Peduncle of antenna 2 elongate, antenna 1 . variable.
Mouthparts basic .but upper lip often incised weakly,
mandibular raker row strongly dominant, article 2 of
mandibular palp often thickened, mandibular lobes of
lower lip usually short or obsolescent, inner plate of
maxilla 1 poorly setose or naked and outer plate of
maxilliped very elongate or enlarged. Anterior coxae
large, coxa 1 usually much broader than 2 (or 3), 2-3
occasionally tapering, coxa 4 deeply excavate and lobate
posteriorly; coxa 5 very short relative to 4..Carpi of
gnathopods elongate, propodi simple or weakly subchelate.
Dactyls of pereopods 3-4 usually very elongate and
bearing meati for exudation of web to spin tubes.
Pereopods 5-7 short, 7 usually shortest; some of articles
3-6 with stout submarginal spines, dactyls variable.
Ventral margin of article 2 on pereopod 7 dominantly
setose but occasional species with setae obsolescent.
Epimera 1-2 generally invariable, epimeron 3 highly
variable. Uropods 1-2 well developed, biramous, inner
rami rarely reduced, apex of uropod 1 occasionally
falling short of uropod 2 apex; uropod 3 usually exceeding
uropod 2, peduncle ordinary, rami elongate, lanceolate
or weakly leaf--shaped, sometimes serrate. Telson laminar,
variable, usually with minute incision ranging to deeply
cleft, long and slender to short and broad, tapering to
broadly truncate. Coxal gills on pereonites 2-6. Oostegites
narrow.
Sexual dimorphism. Male. Antennae usually more
elongate than in female, special setular-aesthete bundles
or tufts anteriorly on articles 4-5 of antenna 2 and often
on articles 1-2 of antenna 1 posteriorly. Antenna 1 often
with callynophore. Process on urosomite 1 usually much
larger than in female. Uropod 3 more setose than in
female. Ventral sexual tubercle on thoracic sternite 7
usually absent in male; single hooks often present in both
sexes on one or more thoracic sternites.
Relationship. Except for rare occurrences in
Lysianassidae, the shiny cuticular lenses of oculate
ampeliscids are unique to this family. The large head,
fused urosomites 2 and 3, coxal pattern and fixed diversity
of pereopods 5 and 6 vis-a-vis 7 distinguish this family.
Deep sea species lose the cuticular lenses so that
familiarity with the family should be built on shallow water
collections.
The Dexaminidae also have fused urosomites 2 and
3 but their head is of more ordinary dimensions, and their
eyes are ommatidia!. Pereopod 7 in typical dexaminids
is like pereopod 6 but in the Prophliantinae it is different
from 6 and more like the shape described for
Ampeliscidae. Prophliantins however have coxa 5 as long
as 4 in contrast to ampeliscids.
Ampeliscidae can be confused with Phoxocephalidae
and certain Urothoidae and Pontoporeiidae because
pereopod 7 in most of those taxa is distinct from pereopods
5 and 6 but the majority of Phoxocephalidae,
Pontoporeiidae and Urothoidae have a conspicuous
accessory flagellum and their heads are flat, uncompressed
and often rostrate and usually short or not massive; heads
of Pontoporeiidae are of the ordinary gammarid kind,
with large ocular lobe. Other useful clues to distinguish
the taxa are the ommatidial eyes of oculate
Phoxocephalidae (many are blind), and the very long
peduncle of antenna 2 in Ampeliscidae (rare in
Phoxocephalidae). Several Phoxocephalidae have now
been found to have fusion of urosomites so that formerly
useful character is unavailable. Urothoids, pontoporeiids
and haustorioids, in general, have free urosomites.
Argissidae bear an accessory flagellum and have coxa
3 significantly reduced in size. Their urosomites are free.
The eyes, when present, form a pinwheel of four internal
ommatidia.
Occurrence. Ampeliscids spin parchment or net
tubes lying on or attached to benthic mud or bottom
objects, sometimes intertidally among algal rhizomes;
often the tubes are single, but in other taxa they are built
up into thick silty masses or web-like nests of apartment
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
dwellers. The bodies of shallow water and several deep
sea taxa often are very
or
break
and have the ocular pigments rupture so that the head
fills with pigment which may be bright red, brown or
black; specimens of Byblis in shallow water are usually
furnished with brown or black chromatophores and
ocular pigments and some of these are more sturdy and
less fragmented than Ampelisca when collected with
grabs and trawls.
Ampeliscids dominate many finely particulate
sediments 2 to 100 m in depth worldwide. See Enequist
(1950) and Mills (1967b) for ecological observations.
Taxonomy. Specific. identification focuses on the
following characters.
Shape of head: very subtle shape of anteroventral
margin often useful. Number (0-2-4) of cuticular lenses,
their size, position and aiming axis; the lower pair often
aim forward or downward and are difficult to see from
85
the side.
anl"enJ7,ae relative to
. length of antenna
1 relative to peduncle of antenna 2; length of each article
of peduncle on antenna 1 relative to articles 4-5 of
antenna 2; relative lengths of flagella.
Pereopods 3-4: relative length of article 7 to articles
5 and 6.
Pereopod 7: shape and lower setation of article 2;
lengths, widths and presence of lobes all relative to each
other on articles 3,4,5,6 and 7.
Shapes of epimera 2 and 3: relative lengths of uropods
1-3, and of their rami; relative reach of each uropod;
spine patterns on rami; shape and degree of armaments
on uropod 3. Dorsal condition of urosomite1: humped,
carinate, peaked, hooked, keeled; subtle shape.
Telson: relative length and width, degree of cleft,
dorsal armament patterns.
Females are generally the best material for basic
descriptions and interspecific comparisons.
Key to Genera of Ampeliscidae
Flagella of antennae poorly developed, with 2-6 articles
(Fig.22A)
Byblisoides
- - Flagella of antennae well developed, with more than 6
articles (Fig.22F)
2
1.
2.
Pereopod 7: anterior edge of posteroventral lobe on
article 2 lacking setae near its junction with article 3
(Fig.22B)
Ampelisca (= Triodos)
--- Pereopod 7: anterior edge of posteroventral lobe on
article 2 bearing setae near its junction with article 3
(Fig.22D)
3
3.
Posteroventral
lobe of article 2 on pereopod 7
expanding ventrally, posterior edge oblique (Fig.22D),
article 3 of mandibular 'palp little more than half as
long as article 2
Byblis
- - Posteroventral lobe of article 2 on pereopod 7 either
rectangular or not expanding ventrally, anterior and
posterior margins almost parallel (Fig.22C), article 3 of
mandibular palp scarcely longer than article 2
Haploops
Ampelisca
Kr~yer
Figs 22B,E,F, 23A,C,E.
Ampelisca Kr~yer, 1842: 154.-J.L. Bamard, 1954e: 3.-J.L.
Bamard, 1960c: 4.-Karaman, 1975d: 5.-Karaman & Bamard,
1981: 256.
Pseudopthalmus
[sic]
Stimpson,
1853:
57
(Pseudopthalmus [sic] pelagicus Stimpson, 1853, here
selected).
Araneops Costa, 1853: 177 (Araneops diadema Costa, 1853,
here selected).
Tetromatus Bate, 1857d: 139 (Tetromatus typicus Bate,
1857d, here selected).
Triodos K.H. Bamard, 1916: 140 (Triodos insignis K.H.
Bamard, 1916, original designation).
Type species. Ampelisca eschrichti
monotypy.
Kr~yer,
1842,
86
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Diagnosis. Flagellaof antennae 1-2 with 5 or more
articles. Article 3 ofmaxilliped palp unproduced. Article 2 of
pereopod 7 with posterior margin oblique and article
expanding ventrally, rarely parallel to anterior margin,
anterior margin of posteroventral lobe near junction with
article 2 not setose. Telson much longer than broad, cleft
much more than half its length.
Description. Head generally long and low.
Mandibular palp stout, article 3 slender, equal to or
shorter than 2. Coxae 1-4 generally elongate, coxa 1 not
as prominent as in Haploops, coxae 2-3 usually not
c
C?rD
o
3
Fig.22. Ampeliscidae. A, Byblisoides arcillis; B, Ampelisca typica; C, Haploops tubicola; D, Byblis gaimardi; E,
Ampelisca brevicornis; F, Ampelisca tenuicornis; G, Haploops setosa.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
tapering; lower part of posterior margin of coxa 4 parallel
to anterior margin and usually elongate.
Relationship. The basic genus; see other genera of
family and key.
Species. See also J.L. Bamard (1954c, 1960c key,
1964b, 1966a,b, 1967a,b, 1969a,b, 1971a,b), K.H. Bamard
(1932, 1937), Bellan-Santini, 1982c key, 1983), BellanSantini & Ledoyer (1973), Bousfield (1973), Chevreux &
Fage (1925), Griffiths (1974, 1974b,c, 1975), Gurjanova
(1951), Kaim-Malka (1969a,b,c), Karaman (1975d,h),
Krapp-Schickel (1969b, 1971), Ledoyer (1977, 1982b),
Margulis (1967, 1968), Mills (1967a, 1971), Nayar (1959,
1967), Pillai (1957), Pirlot (1936b), Reid (1951),
Schellenberg (1925a, 1942), Shoemaker (1930c, 1931b),
Stephensen(1925a, 1928, 1929, 1933b, 1935a, 1940b, 1944a);
A. abdita Mills, 1964a (Bousfield, 1973) [364]; A.
abyssicola Stebbing, 1888 (Shoemaker, 1935a)
(Schellenberg, 1955) [400BA + ?618B]; A. acinaces
Stebbing, 1888 (K.H. Bamard, 1931b) (Lowry & Poore,
1985a) [791 + ?776]; A.acris Griffiths, 1974c, 1975 [743];
A. aequicornis Bruzelius, 1859 (= A. cessia Reid, 1951)
(Sars, 1895) (Mills, 1971) (Lincoln, 1979a) [250 + B]; A.
agassizi (Judd, 1896) (= A. compressa Holmes, 1905) (=
A. vera J.L. Bamard, 1954e) (Bousfield, 1973) (Dickinson,
1982) (Goeke & Heard, 1984b) [490 + B]; A. albedo J.L.
Bamard, 1961a [715B]; A. amblyops Sars,
1895
(Stephensen, 1935a) [216B]; A. amblyopsoides J.L.
Bamard, 1960c, 1966a, 1967a [370B]; A. anisuropa
(Stebbing, 1908b, 1910b) (Griffiths, 1974b,c, 1975) [743]; A.
anomala Sars, 1883, 1895 (Griffiths, 1974c, 1975) [240 + B
+ 743]; A. anophthalma Bellan-Santini & Kaim-Malka, 1977
(Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [348B]; A. antennata Bellan-Santini
& Kaim-Malka, 1977 (Ledoyer, 1977) (Bellan-Santini,
1982c) [348 + B]; A. anversensis Karaman, 1975h (= A.
macrocephala identifications of Antarctica, via Walker,
1903, 1907, Stebbing 1914, K.H. Bamard 1932) (Bellan-
C
87
Santini, 1983) [880]; A. araucana Gallardo, 1963 [765]; A.
armoricana Bellan-Santini & Dauvin, 1981b [242]; A.
australis Haswell, 1879a, 1885b (Ledoyer, 1984) (Lowry
& Poore, 1985) [791 + B]; A. balUna Lowry & Poore, 1985
[781]; A. barnardi Nicholls, 1938 (Dabl, 1954) (Andres,
1979b) [870B]; A. bicarinata Goeke & Heard, 1983 [470];
A. bidentata Schellenberg, 1925a [440]; A. bidura Lowry
& Poore, 1985 [784 + B]; A. birulai Brtiggen, 1909 (= A.
derjugini Bulycheva, 1936b, Gurjanova, 1951)
(Shoemaker, 1955a) (Dickinson, 1982) [220]; A. bocki
Dahl, 1944c (Nagata, 1959, 1965a) (Imbach, 1969)
(Hirayama, 1983) [392]; A. bouvieri Chevreux, 1912a,d
(Karaman, 1975e) (Bellan-Santini, 1985a) [800]; A.
brachyceras Walker, 1904 (Nayar, 1967) (Griffiths, 1975)
(Ledoyer, 1982b) [690]; A. bransfieldi K.H. Bamard, 1932
(?Stephensen, 1947a) [875 B]; A. brevicornis (Costa, 1853)
(= A. laevigata Liljeborg, 1856 and Sars, 1895) (= A.
bellianus Bate, 1857d) (= varieties A. dentifer, A.
intermedia, A. platypus, A. rectangula of Schellenberg,
1925a; A. canmora, A. cavicoxa and A. pectenata of Reid,
1951) (?Rabindranath, 1975) (Karaman, 1975d) (Lincoln,
1979a) (Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [423]; A. brevisimulata J.L.
Bamard, 1954e, 1971b (Dickinson, 1982) [490 + B]; A.
byblisoides K.H. Bamard, 1926 (J.L. Barnard, 1962d)
[701B]; [A. calliopa Strauss, 1909 (nomen nudum)]; A.
calooma Lowry & Poore, 1985 [784 + B]; A. calypsonis
Bellan-Santini & Kaim-Malka, 1977 (Bellan-Santini, 1982c)
[340]; A. careyi Dickinson, 1982 [379]; A. chiltoni
Stebbing, 1888 (Hurley, 1957) (J.L. Bamard, 1961a) [700
+ B]; A. chinensis Imbach, 1969 [655]; A. coeca Holmes,
1908 (J.L. Bamard, 1960c) [310B]; A. compacta Norman,
1882 (Stephensen, 1925a) [240B]; A. composita
Schellenberg, 1931 [862]; A. cristata Holmes, 1908 (= A.
microdentata J.L. Bamard, 1954e) (J.L. Bamard, 1971b)
(Dickinson, 1982) [490 + B]; A. cristoides J.L.Bamard,
1954e, 1967b [369 + B]; A. ctenopus Schellenberg, 1925a
(Reid, 1951) [440]; A. cucullata J.L. Barnard, 1954e [537];
A. cyclops Walker, 1904 (= A. iyoensis Nagata, 1959)
A
B
D
Fig.23.Amp~liscidae. A, Ampelisca typica; B, Byblis gaimardi; C, Ampelisca gibba; D, Haploops tubicola; E,
Ampelisca brevicornis.
88
of the Australian ............... , """.. . . . . (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
.11.
(Rabindranath,
[600]; A. dallenei Bellan-Santini, 1985a
A. dalmatina Karaman, 1975b,d (Ledoyer,
[340]; A. declivitatis Mills, 1967a,
nmhh,.nrH' of Stephensen, 1925a) [260 + B];
A. diadema
1853, 1857) A. assimilis Boeck, 1871
and
1895) (Lincoln,
(Bellan-Santini, 1982c)
+ 339]; A. dimboola
& Poore, 1985 [784]; A.
eoa Gurjanova, 1951
A. catalinensis J.L. Bamard,
1954e) (Margulis, 1967) [510BA]; A. eschrichti Kr~yer,
1842 (= A. pelagicus Stimpson, 1853) (= A. ingens Bate,
1862) (= A. dubia and A. propinqua Boeck, 1871b) (= A.
pacificus Gurjanova, 1955b, homonym) (Sars, 1895)
(Lincoln, 1979a) (Dickinson, 1982) [200 + B]; A. euroa
Lowry & Poore, 1985 [784]; A. excavata K.H. Bamard,
1926 (J.L. Barnard, 1970b) [743]; A.fageri Dickinson, 1982
[379]; A.jurcigera Bulycheva, 1936b (J.L. Barnard, 1960c,
1967a) (Hirayama, 1983) [510 + BA]; A. fusca Stebbing,
1888 (Griffiths, 1973-1975) [740 + B]; A. gibba Sars, 1883,
1895 (Lincoln, 1979a) (Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [352 + BA];
A. gusta J.L. Bamard, 1961a [618B]; A. hancocki J.L.
Bamard, 1954e, 1967b, etc. (Dickinson, 1982) [535]; A.
hawaiensis Goeke, 1985 [381]; A. hemicryptops K.H.
Bamard, 1930, 1932 [870 + B]; A. hermosaJ.L. Bamard,
1961a [501B]; A. hessleri Dickinson, 1982 [271 + B]; A.
heterodactyla Schellenberg, 1925a (= A. rubra Chevreux,
1925) (Reid, 1951) [4401; A. holmesi Pearse, 1908 (J.L.
Bamard, 1960c) (Goecke & Gathof, 1983) [362]; A.
honmungensis Imbach, 1969 [655]; A. hupferi
Schellenberg, 1925a (Reid, 1951) [440]; A. incerta Reid,
1951 [445]; A. indentata J.L. Barnard, 1954e, 1964b, 1967b
[370]; A. insignis (K.H. Bamard, 1916) (Karaman &
Barnard, 1981) [743]; A.jaffaensis Bellan-Santini & KaimMalka, 1977 (Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [343]; ?A. japonica
Bate, 1862 [395]; ?A. jarli Reid, 1951 [444]; A. jingera
Lowry & Poore, 1985 [784 + B]; [A. koreni Jarzynsky,
1870, 1885 (nomen nudum)]; A. latifrons Schellenberg,
1925a (Ledoyer, 1972, 1982b) [740]; A. ledoyeri BellanSantini & Kaim-Malka, 1977 (Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [348 +
B]; A. lenaldei Bellan-Santini, 1985a [871]; ?A. limicola
(Stimpson, 1853) (Bate, 1862) [365]; A. lobata Holmes, 1908
(= A. articulata Stout, 1913) (J.L. Bamard, 1954e, 1979b)
(Dickinson, 1982) [490]; A. lunata Schellenberg, 1938a
[595]; A. macrocephala Liljeborg, 1852a (= A. latipes
Stephensen, 1925a) (? = A. gracilicauda and ?A. dentifera
Schellenberg, 1931) (Sars, 1895) (Bousfield, 1973)
(Dickinson, 1982) [200 + B]; A. maia Imbach, 1969 [655];
A.massiliensis Bellan-Santini & Kaim-Malka, 1977 (BellanSantini, 1982c) [348 + B]; A. melanesiensis Myers, 1985c
(= A. australis identification of Schellenberg, 1938a) [555];
A. melitae Dauvin & Bellan-Santini, 1985 [344]; A.
mexicana J.L. Barnard, 1954e, 1969b [490]; A. miharaensis
Nagata, 1959, 1965a (Imbach, 1969) [392]; A. milleri J.L.
Bamard, 1954e, 1969b (Dickinson, 1982) [369]; A.
mindorensis Olerod, 1970 [641]; A. miops K.H. Bamard,
1916 (= A. dentitelson Ledoyer, 1973a) .(Ledoyer, 1978a,
1982b) [740]; A. misakiensis Dahl, 1944c (Nagata, 1965a)
(Imbach, 1969) (Hirayama, 1983) [395]; A. monoculata
Dauvin & Bellan-Santini, 1985 [441]; A. monodi Ledoyer,
1979b [644]; A. multispinosa Bellan-Santini & Kaim-Malka,
1977 (Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [340+ B]; A. naikaiensis
1965a
A. narooma
1985
A. natalensis K.H. 1-l~"'"1l1l~1rr1
1979a) [740]; [A. nordmanni (Milne Hf1"ll~r"c
1862) [334]]; A. nossibeensis
odontoplax Sars,
1885, 1895
1969 [655]; A. Da(~lTl(~a . . . . . . . , . . . . . .
+ B]; A. orops
1908 (J.L. Bamard,
1966a,b) [490 + B]; A. valr.nata
K.H. Bamard,
1940 (Griffiths, 1973-1975) [740]; A.
panamensis J.L. Bamard, 1954e [541]; A. parapacijica
Goeke & Heard, 1984a [362]; A. parapanamensis lL.
Bamard, 1954c [462]; A. paria Bamard & Agard, 1986
[462]; [A. picta Stuxberg, 1880 (nomen nudum)]; A.
planierensis Bellan-Santini & Kaim-Malka, 1977 (BellanSantini, 1982c) [348]; A. plumosa Holmes, 1908 (lL.
Bamard, 1967a) (Margulis, 1967) (Dickinson, 1982)
[370BA]; A. provincialis Bellan-Santini & Kaim-Malka,
1977 (Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [348]; A. pseudosarsi BellanSantini & Kaim-Malka, 1977 (Bellan- Santini, 1982c) [343];
A. pseudospinimana Bellan-Santini & Kaim-Malka, 1977 (=
A. spinimana identifications of Kaim-Malka, 1969c and
Karaman, 1975d) (Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [340 + B]; A.
pugetica Stimpson, 1864 (= A. californica Holmes, 1908)
(= A. gnathia J.L. Bamard, 1954e) (= A. macrodentata J.L.
Bamard, 1954e) (= A. mora J.L. Bamard, 1967a), (J.L.
Bamard, 1971b) (Dickinson, ~982), A. p. microdonta A.
Ledoyer, 1979a, 1982b [490 + B]; A. pusilla Sars, 1895
(Stephensen, 1935a) (?K.H. Bamard, 1935) [240 + B]; A.
pygmaea Schellenberg, 1938a (Ledoyer, 1978b) [600]; A.
remora Bellan-Santini & Dauvin, 1986 [351]; A.
richardsoni Karaman, 1975e (= A. eschrichti identifications
of Chevreux, 1906a, 1912d and K.H. Bamard, 1932)
(Bellan-Santini, 1985a) [870]; A. romigi J.L. Barnard, 1954e
(= A. isocornea J.L. Bamard, 1954e) (= A. ciego J.L.
Bamard, 1966a) [490 + B]; A. rostrata Spandl, 1924a
[641F]; A. rubella Costa, 1864 (= A. serrata Schellenberg,
1925a) (Karaman, 1975d) (Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [330]; A.
ruffoi Bellan- Santini & Kaim-Malka, 1977 (Bellan-Santini,
1982c) [340]; A. sarsi Chevreux, 1887a (Karaman, 1975d)
(Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [330]; A. scabripes Walker, 1904
(Sivaprakasam, 1969a) (Rabindranath, 1975) [670]; A.
schellenbergi Shoemaker, 1933c (J.L. Bamard, 1979b)
(Dickinson, 1982) [470]; A. senegalensis Chevreux, 1925
[441]; A. serraticaudata Chevreux, 1888a (Kaim-Malka,
1969a,b) (Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [330]; A. shoemakeri J.L.
Bamard, 1954e, 1964b, 1967b [540]; A. soleata Oliveira,
1955b [751]; A. spinicaudata Ledoyer, 1972 [698]; A.
spinifer Reid, 1951 (Lincoln, 1969a) (Bellan-Santini, 1982c)
[330]; A. spinimana Chevreux, 1887c (= A. aspinosa
Schellenberg, 1925a) (Reid, 1951) [330 + B]; A. spinipes
Boeck, 1861 (Sars, 1895) (Mills, 1963) (Lincoln, 1979a)
(Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [354 + B]; A. spooneri Dauvin &
Bellan-Santini, 1982 [353]; A. statenensis K.H. Bamard,
1932 [864]; A. stenopa Schellenberg, 1925a (Margulis,
1968) [449]; A. subbrevicornis Pirlot, 1936b [646]; A.
tenuicornis Liljeborg, 1856 (Sars, 1895) (Lincoln, 1979a)
(Bellan-Santini, 1982c) (Ledoyer, 1982b) [355 + B + 740];
A. tilpa Lowry & Poore, 1985 [784]; A. toora Lowry &
Poore, 1985 [791]; A. toulemonti Dauvin & Bellan-Santini,
1982 [353]; A. tridens Walker, 1904 (?Pirlot, 1936b)
(Nayar, 1959, 1967) [664 + ?640 + B]; A. truncata BellanSantini & Kaim-Malka, 1977 (Bellan~Santini,'1982c) [340];
.11....... ...,.,
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean AmlphlpO(la
See
1895) (Lincoln,
uncinata
1900a (Mills,
A.
unidentata Schellenberg, 1936b (Bellan-Santini & KaimMalka,
(Bellan-Santini,
[340]; A. unsocalae
J.L. Bamard, 1960c, 1967a, 1971b (Dickinson,
[370BA]; A. vadorum Mills, 1963 (Bousfield, 1973) [364W];
A. venetiensis Shoemaker, 1916 (J.L. Bamard, 1954e,
1964b) [490]; A. verga Reid, 1951 (Dauvin & BellanSantini, 1985) [441]; A. verrilli Mills, 1967a (Bousfield,
1973) [361]; A. vervecei Bellan-Santini & Kaim-Malka,
1977 (Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [348]; A. yuleba Lowry &
Poore, 1985 [631]; A. zamboangae Stebbing, 1888 (= A.
chevreuxi Walker, 1904) (not Nayar, 1959) (Rabindranath,
1975) [600].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan,
0-4930 m, 153 species.
Byblis Boeck
Figs 22D, 23B
Byblis Boeck, 1871b: 228.-J.L. Barnard, 1966a: 55 (key).
Type species. Ampelisia [sic] gaimardii
Kr~yer,
1846b,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Flagella of antennae 1-2 with 5 or more
articles. Article 3 of maxillipedal palp unproduced. Article
2 of pereopod 7 with posterior margin oblique and article
expanding ventrally and strongly extended, anterior
margin of posteroventral lobe near junction with article
2 setose. Telson varying from rarely as long as to
usually shorter than broad, cleft or incised less than half
its length.
Description. Head generally long and low but less
so than in Ampelisca and occasionally short and broad
(B. abyssi). Both articles 2-3 of mandibular palp slender,
article 3 shorter than 2. Coxae 1-4 generally shorter than
in Ampelisca, coxa 1 scarcely prominent, coxae 2-3 not
tapering or rarely so (B. veleronis). Lower part of
posterior margin on coxa 4 very oblique or short
compared with Ampelisca. '
Variables. Article 2 of pereopod 7 short and
truncate as in Ampelisca, coxae 3-4 tapering, telson
slightly l.onger than broad and deeply cleft (B.
subantarctica).
Relationship. Differing from Ampelisca in the
presence of setae on the anterior edge of the posterior
lobe on article 2; generally also· in the long extended
posterior lobe of article 2 on pereopod 7, the uniformity
of articles 3-7 of pereopod 7 (see Fig.22 C7,G7), the
shorter coxa 4 with sloping or short posteroventral
89
11 aiDlOlJDS.
J.L. Bamard
Bousfield
Griffiths
Just
Ledoyer
1967); Schellenberg
Shoemaker (1930a, 1931b, 1955a); Stephensen
1926,1928,1929, 1933b, 1935a, 1940b, 1944a);B.
abyssi Sars, 1879, 1895 (Gurjanova, 1951) [220 + B]; B.
affinis Sars, 1895 (Stephensen, 1935a) [238]; B. albatrossae
J.L. Bamard, 1967b [394B]; B. ampeliscijormis J.L.
Bamard, 1967b [394]; B. antarctica Schellenberg, 1931
(K.H. Bamard, 1932) [871B]; B. arcticus Just, 1970 [251];
B. barbarensis J.L. Bamard, 1960c, 1971b [510B]; B.
bathyalis I.L. Bamard, 1966a, 1971b [379B]; B. bega
Lowry & Poore, 1985 [781]; B. brachycephala Mills, 1971
[307B]; B. brachyura Margulis, 1968 [653]; B. brevirama
Dickinson, 1983 [230 + 267]; B. calisto Imbach, 1969 [655];
B. ceylonica J.L. Bamard, 1961a [609A]; B. coeca
Margulis, 1967 [231B]; B. crassicornis Metzger, 1875
(Sars, 1895) (Gurjanova, 1951) [210B]; B. crenulataPirlot,
1936b [644]; B. cubensis (Ortiz & Gomez, 1979) [406B];
B. daleyi (Giles, 1890) (?Pirlot, 1936b) [600]; B. erythrops
Sars, 1883, 1895 (Vader, 1969a) [210 + BA]; B. febris
Imbach, 1969 [655]; B. gaimardi[i] (Kr~yer, 1846a) (Sars,
1895) (Mills, 1971a) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Dickinson, 1983) [210
+ B]; B. gerara Lowry & Poore, 1985 [791B]; B. gloriosae
Ledoyer, 1982b [618A]; B. guernei Chevreux, 1887c,
1900a, 1927, 1935 (Kaim-Malka, 1976b) (Bellan-Santini,
1982c) [330 + B]; B. inaequicornis Ledoyer, 1986 [618B];
B. io Imbach, 1969 [655]; B. japonicus Dahl, 1944c
(Nagata, 1960, 1965a) [395 + B]; B. kallarthra Stebbing,
1886, 1887 (Margulis, 1968) [665]; B. lepta (Giles, 1888)
(Nayar, 1967) [670];B. longicornis SarsJ 1895 (= B.
intermedia Stebbing, 1894) (Gurjanova, 1951) [220]; B.
longispina Dickinson, 1983 [272]; B. medialis Mills,'1971
[307B]; B. mildura Lowry & Poore, 1985 [784]; B. millsi
Dickinson, 1983 [270]; B. minuticornis Sars, 1879, 1895
(Stephensen, 1935a) (Gurjanova, 1951) [220B];, B.
mucronata Pirlot, 1936b (Margulis, 1968) [643]; B. mulleni
Dickinson, 1983 [270 + B]; B. nana Margulis, 1967 [231A];
B. orientalis J.L. Bamard, 1967b [395]; B. pearcyi
Dickinson, 1983 [290]; B. pilosa Imbach, 1969 [655]; B.
pirloti Margulis, 1968 [653]; B. plumosa Margulis, 1968
[653]; B. rhinoceros Pirlot, 1936b (Schellenberg, 1938a)
(Ledoyer, 1982b) [600]; B. securiger (K.H. Bamard,
1931a, 1932) (Stephensen, 1947a) [890 + B]; B. serrata
Smith, . 1873 (Mills, 1971) [250 + B]; B. setosusKudrjaschov,
1965c [279]; B. subantarctica Schellenberg, 1931 (BellanSantini, 1985a) [890 + B]; B. tannerensis J.L. Bamard,
1966a (Dickinson, 1983) [310B]; B. teres J.L. Bamard,
1967a (Dickinson, 1983) [310B];B. thyabilis J.L. Bamard,
1971b (Dickinson, 1983) [225B]; B. tinamba Lowry &
Poore, 1985 [782]; B. veleronis J.L. Bamard, 1954e,
1971b (Dickinson, 1983) [379 + B]; B. verae Margulis, 1968
1653]; B. vitjazi Margulis, 1967 [231k]; ,species (= B.
crassicornis ID of J.L. Bamard, 1971b) (Dickinson, 1983)
[310A].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan,
0-6126 m, 56 species.
90
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Byblisoides K.H. Barnard
Fig.22A
Byblisoides K.H. Bamard, 1931a: 426.-Mills, 1971: 373.
Type species. Byblisoides juxticornis K.H. Barnard,
1931a, original designation.
Diagnosis. Flagella of antennae 1-2 with 4 or fewer
articles. Article 3 of maxilliped palp unproduced. Article
2 of pereopod 7 with posterior margin oblique and article
expanding ventrally, anterior margin of posteroventnll
lobe near junction with article 2 usually setose. Telson
much longer than broad, cleft much more than half its
length.
Description. Head generally long and low but
extremely large, articles 2-3 of mandibular palp both
slender, article 3 shorter than 2. Coxae 1-4 generally
elongate, coxa 1 not as prominent as in Haploops, coxae
2-3 usually not tapering distally. Lower part of posterior
margin on coxa 4 parallel to anterior margin and usually
elongate.
Variables. Edge near junction of article 3 on article
2 of pereopod 7 naked (B. esferis).
:&elationship. Like Ampelisca but articles in flagella
of antennae very few.
Species. B~ arcillis I.L. Barnard, 1961a (Margulis,
1967) [500A]; B. blasensis I.L. Barnard, 1964a [406B]; B.
esferis I.L. Bamard, 1961a [715B]; B. juxticornis K.H.
Barnard, 1931a, 1932 (?Dahl, 1954) [870B]; B. plumicornis
Ledoyer, 1978a[618B]; B. profundi Mills, 1971 [307A];
species, Ledoyer, 1986 [618A].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan,
cold water submergent, 160-6500 m, 6 species.
Hap10ops Liljeborg
Figs 22C,G, 23D
Haploops Liljeborg, 1856: 135.-Karaman, 1975d: 57.-Lincoln,
1979a: 124.
Type species. H aploop$ tubicola Li1jeborg, 1856,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Flagella of antennae 1-2 with 5 or more
articles. Article 3 of maxillipedal palp produced or
inflated. Article 2 of pereopod 7 variable, usually narrow
and with anterior and posterior margins parallel, or
posterior oblique and article 2 expanding ventrally, or
article 2 tapering, anterior margin of posteroventral lobe
near junction with article 2 setose or face of lobe with
large setae. Telson varying from scarcely longer to as
long as, or shorter than broad, cleft much more than half
its length.
Description. Head generally short and very tall:
mandibular palp articles 2-3 both slender, article 3 usually
longer than 2. Coxae 1-4 generally shorter than in
Ampelisca, coxa 1 very prominent and often longer than
coxa 4, coxae 2-3 usually tapering distally; lower part of
posterior margin on coxa 4 very oblique or short
compared with Ampelisca.
Variables. Setae on article 2 of pereopod 7
obsolescent or sparse (H. lodo) but shape as in typical
Haploops; inner ramus of uropod 1 very short (H.
dellavallei).
Relationship. Like Byblis but article 2 of
pereopod 7 not expanding evenly towards apex; most
species. of Haploops and few of Byblis with coxae 2-3
tapering.
Differing from most species of Ampelisca in the
very thin' article 2 of pereopod 7, the article not
expanding distally; the coxae of Haploops are shortened,
coxa 1 is very prominent, coxae 2-3 ·taper and the
posteroventral margin of coxa 4 is not parallel to the
anterior margin.
Removal. Haploops securiger K.H. Barnard, 1931a,
to Byblis.
Species. See Dickinson (1983); Gurjanova (1951);
Kanneworff (1966); Karaman (1975d); Ledoyer (1968,
1977); Shoemaker (1930a, 1955a); Stephensen, (1925a,
1935a); H. abyssorum Chevreux, 1908a, 1935 [304B]; H.
dellavallei Chevreux, 1900a (Kaim-Malka, 1976a) (BellanSantini, 1982c) [340 + B]; H. descansa I. L. Barnard, 1961a
[715B]; H.fundiensis Wildish & Dickinson, 1982 [255]; H.
laevis Hoek, 1882 (Gurjanova, 1951) (Kanneworff, 1966)
(Dickinson, 1983) [200 + B]; [H. lineata Stuxberg, 1880
(nomen nudum)]; H. lodo I.L. Bamard, 1961a, 1964a,
1971b (Margulis, 1967) [535BA]; H. nirae Kaim-Malka,
1976a (Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [330 + B]; H. oonah Lowry
& Poore, 1985 [717B]; H. proxima Chevreux, 1920, 1927
(Kaim-Malka, 1976a) (Bellan-Santini, 1982c) [330 + B]; H.
setosa Boeck, 1871 (= H. robusta Sars, 1895) (= H. sarsi
Schellenberg, 1925b) (? = H. sibirica Gurjanova, 1929b,
1932, 1951) (Sars, 1895) (Mills, 1971) (Lincoln, 1979a)
(Dickinson, 1983) [200 + BA]; H. similis Stephensen, 1925a
(Kanneworff, 1966) (Mills, 1971) [216 + BA]; H. tenuis
Kanneworff, 1966 [240]; H. tubicola Liljeborg, 1856 (= H.
carinata Liljeborg, 1856) (= H. spinosa Shoemaker, 1931b)
(Sars, 1895) (Kanneworff, 1966) (Lincoln, 1979a)
(Dickinson, 1983) [210 + BA]; H. vallifera Stephensen,
1925a [216B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan,
cold water, submergent, 6-3570 m, 14 species.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Garnrnaridean Amphipoda
AMPHILOCHOID group
Diagnosis. Accessory flagellum vestigial or absent.
Rostrum well developed. Peduncle of uropod 3
moderately to strongly elongate. Telson usually entire but
if telson cleft then propodus of gnathopods not more than
1.4 times as long as broad, these gnathopods with broad,
subtransverse palm. Peduncle of uropod 3 slightly to
strongly elongate.
See Eusiridae (= Pontogeneiidae, Calliopiidae),
Pleustidae, Leucothoidae, Anamixidae, Stenothoidae (=
Thaumatelsonidae), Cressidae and Stegocephalidae.
Description. Rostrum large. Eyes ordinary,
ommatidial, round or ovate, rarely reniform (if ever).
Antennae short, antenna 1 usually slightly to greatly
thicker than antenna 2. Upper lip ventrally notched
(except Pseudamphilochidae). Mandibular rakers
numerous and dominating incisor, palp thin (when
present) poorly setose, generally attached opposite molar
and thus very proximally, occasionally articles 2 or 3
unusually short or elongate, molar variable. Outer lobes
of lower lip thin and gaping, often notched, mandibular
lobes well developed or vestigial, inner lobes absent or
when present not filling gape. Inner plate of maxilla I
medium to small, poorly armed, outer plate with apical
margin usually very oblique, spines often poorly
organised and intermixed with spinules or setae. Maxilla
2 poorly armed, variable, but outer plate when present
usually longer and much thinner than inner plate. Inner
plate of maxilliped usually large, elongate, narrow; outer
plate variable but usually of area larger than inner plate,
both plates poorly armed, palp thin, 4-articulate, dactyl
elongate, unguiform.
Coxae 3-4 very elongate, coxa 4 large, posterodorsally
excavate; coxae 1-2 variable. Gnathopods highly variable,
article 3 short, carpus often carpochelate, propodus broad
to narrow, chelate to simple. Pereopods 3-4 long and thin,
rarely article 6 weakly prehensile; pereopods 5-7
extending subequally, 7 never significantly longer than
5, article 2 expanded or rectolinear.
Epimera generally ordinary, stable, poorly
ornamented, poorly armed. Pleopodal peduncles
elongate. Uropod 2 shortened; outer ramus of uropod 2,
more rarely uropod 1, shortened. Uropod 3 biramous,
peduncle usually elongate. Telson basically laminar and
articulate but occasionally greatly enlarged and fleshy or
ventrally keeled (in these cases much larger than in
Corophioidea).
Relationship. Except for Pseudamphilochidae, which
have a eusirid jizz, differing from the Eusiridae (including
Pontogeneiidae, Calliopiidae) in the small and hidden
coxa 1. The Pseudamphilochidae differ from Eusiridae
and congeners in the coxal configuration, with coxa 1
generally broader than coxae 2-3 and in the overall
combination of mouthparts, with obsolescent molar
combined with tiny inner plate of maxilla 1 bearing, only
I seta, combined with elongate cleft telson.
Differing from Pleustidae in having coxa 1 small and
hidden except for Pseudamphilochidae which have
normal coxa 1; Pseudamphilochidae however, have cleft
telson; not typical of Pleustidae. Many pleustids and
amphilochids have similar pleustid, lower lips: tilted oval
outer lobes astride fused inner lobes.
The Leucothoidae and Anamixidae always have
strongly carpochelate gnathopod 1 with narrow sixth
article (or gnathopod 1 is absent), the Amphilochoids
never having the precise situation seen in
Leucothoidae where the combination of articles 5 and 6
is axially aligned. Of course, most Leucothoidae have
large coxa 1 and, most Amphilochoids have tiny coxa ,1
but exceptions occur in both groups; in some
Anamixidae a ventral keel dominates the mandibles and
maxillae.
The Stenothoidae and Cressidae have uniramous
uropod 3.
The Stegocephalidae always lack mandibular molar
and palp, whereas no amphilochoidid lacks both
simultaneously; the lateral shield of Stegocephalidae has
broad coxa 4, broad coxa 1 and narrow coxae 2-3, a
combination not precisely seen in Amphilochoids; few
Stegocephalidae have coxa 1 so small as to be confused
with the majority of Amphilochoidea all of which, except
Pseudamphilochidae, have 'the small 'and hidden coxa 1;
the accessory flagellum of Stegocephalidae is almost
always very conspicuous.
See further in Pseudamphilochidae' and Bolttsiidae.
Key to Families of the Amphilochoid Group
Coxae 3-4 immensely broadened, with contiguous
margins abutting or rabbeted, coxa 2 hidden
Cyproideidae
- - Coxae' 3-4 not immensely broadened, with contiguous
margins overlapping, coxa 2 not hidden
2
1.
2.
91
Coxa 1 very small, hidden, telsonentire
- - Coxa 1 not small, not hidden, telson cleft
--, Coxa 1 not small, not hidden, telson entire ..
u
••••
Amphilochidae
Pseudamphilochidae
00' • • : • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Bolttsiidae
92
Records of the
f\.U~;tra.llan··
.L .....
~u...,~J.......
AMPHILOCHIDAE
(1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
1871b
Diagnosis.. Coxa 4 immensely broadened, coxae 24 with contiguous margins overlapping, not rabbeted,
coxa 2 not hidden; coxa 1 very small and hidden by coxa
2. Peduncle of uropod 3 elongate. Telson entire,
elongate.
Description.. Body slick. Articles 2-3 of antenna 1 not
shortened. Outer lobes of lower lip usually with
medial notch; inner lobes weak or absent or forming
fused surficial plaque, one genus (Amphilochoides) with
distinct inner lobes and lower lip like Pleustidae. Palp
of maxilliped lacking process on article 3 or process
very weak. Pereopods 5-7 elongate, article 2 expanded.
In known species, outer ramus of uropod 2
shortened.
See notes with Amphilochoid group, Bolttsiidae,
Cyproideidae and Pseudamphilochidae.
Key 1 to Genera of Amphilochidae
Mandibular molar medium to large, with strongly
ridged triturative surface, often cushion shaped
2
- - Mandibular molar medium to absent, triturative surface
weak or absent
7
2.
3
1.
Palp of maxilla 1 with 2 articles
- - Palp of maxilla 1 with 1 article
3.
5
Rostrum very large, probosciform, gnathopods
simple
1-2
-.-Rostrum ordinary, at least gnathopod 2 subchelate
4.
Pereopods 3-7 subchelate, peduncular articles 1-3 of
antenna 1 progressively longer
- - Pereopods 3-7 simple, 'peduncular articles
antenna 1 progressively shorter
5.
Outer plate of maxilliped strongly excavate medially, '
palp article 1 elongate
Gnathopod 2 large, subchelate
- - Gnathopod 2 feeble, often nearly simple
7.
Maxilla 2 composed only of 1 elongate plate
- - Maxilla 2 with 2 plates
8.
4
Ajrogitanopsis
1-3 of
- - Outer plate of maxilliped straight or slightly excavate
medially, palp article 1 subequal to article 2
6.
Rostrogitanopsis
Dactyl of gnathopod 2 lacking nodifonn process on
inner margin
Gitanopsis
Gitanogeiton
6
Amphilochopsis
Gitana
Amphiloc;hella
8
9
- - Dactyl of gnathopod 2 bearing nodifonn process on
inner margin
<t••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~ •••••••• 10
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
9.
Plates of maxilla 2 subequally wide, inner with fewer
than 4 small setae ,
,
,
- - Inner plate of maxilla 2 more than twice as wide as
outer plate, with~ 10 or more large setae or setal spines
10.
Mandibular molar large, elongate (but poorly
triturative), dactyl of gnathopod 1 lacking nodiform
process on inner margin
- - Mandibular molar obsolescent, dactyl of gnathopod 1
bearing nodiform process on inner margin
Afrogitanopsis Karaman
Afrogitanopsis Karaman, 1980a: 45.
Type species. Gitanopsis paguri Myers,
original designation.
1974d,
Diagnosis. Mandibular molar moderately large,
tapering distally, triturative; article 3 of palp not falcate.
Palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate. Maxilla 2 ordinary, inner
plate larger than outer one. Outer plate of maxilliped not
excavate, palp article 1 much longer than article 2.
Gnathopods 1-2 medium, subchelate, palm oblique, dactyl
lacking large, nodiform process, carpus short but strongly
produced posterodistally. Pereopods 3-7 subchelate.
Uropods 1-3 with peduncle longer than rami, outer ramus
longer than inner. Urosomite 3 not alate. Peduncular
articles 1-3 of antenna 1 progressively longer toward
article 3, accessory flagellum present, minute, I-articulate.
Labium with short mandibular lobes, outer lobes tapering
distally, notched, inner lobes absent.
Relationship. Differing from Gitanopsis in the
subchelate pereopods 3-7 and in the progressively
longer peduncular articles of antenna 1. From,
Rostrogitanopsis in the normal rostrum, subchelate
gnathopods 1-2 and in the ordinary shape of palp article
3 of the mandible.
Species. A. paguri (Myers, 1974d) [6831].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Kenya,
commensal on Decapoda Dardanus megistos, 1 species.
,
,
93
, .
,
,
Artlpfl:llocnl'Js
Paramphilochoides
Amphilochoides
Diagnosis. Mandibular molar absent. ,Palp of maxilla
1 2-articulate. Maxilla 2 composed of 1 long thin plate.
Plates of maxilliped stunted, outer not excavate, palp
ordinary. Gnathopods 1-2 small, almost simple, posterior
margin of propodus with setose acclivity, dactyl lacking
basal processes. [Urosomite 3 unknown]. Upper lip very
deeply notched. Gnathopods not carpochelate (type).
[Lower lip, uropods 2-3, telson unknown in type; in
A. laticarpa uropod 2 with short outer ramus, of uropod
3 almost as long as inner; telson elongate, triangular,
sharp].
Variable. Gnathopods weakly carpochelate (A.
laticarpa).
Relationship. More or less like Amphilochus but
differing from it and 'all other amphilochids in the
reduction of maxilla 2 to one plate.
Species. A. laticarpa Ledoyer, 1978b [697]; A.
simplicarpa Schellenberg, 1926a [881].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica to
Mauritius, shallow water and under ice, 2 species.
Amphilochoides Sars
Fig.24H
Amphilochoides Sars, 1895: 220.-Stebbing, 1906: 152.-Lincoln,
1979a: 154.
Type species. Amphilochus odontonyx identification
of Sars, 1895 (= Amphilochoides boecki Sars, 1895), original
designation.
Amphilochella Schellenberg
Fig.25J
Amphilochella Schellenberg, 1926a: 307.
Type
species.
Amphilochella
Schellenberg, 1926a, monotypy.
simplicarpus
Diagnosis. Mandibular molar small to absent, not
triturative. Palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate, outer plate
medially toothed (unique). Maxilla 2 feeble, very poorly
setose. Outer plate of maxilliped not excavate, palp
article 2 equal to or shorter than article 1. Gnathopods
1-2 very large, subchelate, palm very oblique, both
pairs of dactyls with nodiform process on inner margin.
94
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Urosomite 3 poorly alate. Lower lip with tilted, ovate
outer lobes astride distinct inner lobes widely separating
outer lobes. Gnathopods carpochelate, dactyl often very
elongate, flagellate.
Variables. In light of Lincoln's (1979a) new
character usage of nodiform processes on gnathopodal
dactyls and our use of maxilla 2, A.
pseudolongimanus needs clarification; it may need
reclassification.
Relationship. Differing from Amphilochus in the
nodiform processes on the gnathopodal dactyls.
See Paramphilochoides.
Species. A. boecki Sars, 1895 (as A. odontonyx also
in Sars, 1895) (Lincoln, 1979a) (? as A. serratipes in KrappSchickel, 1982c) [240]; A. longimanus (Chevreux, 1888b,
1900a) (Chevreux&Fage, 1925) (Ledoyer, 1977) (KrappSchickel, 1982c) [330]; ?A. pseudolongimanus Ledoyer,
1977 [348B]; A. serratipes (Norman, 1869a) (Lincoln,
1979a) (? not Krapp-Schickel, 1982c, ? = A. boecki) [330
+ B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, boreal and
warm north-east Atlantic and Mediterranean, 0-370 rn, 4
species.
t
M
""'"
.~'t!i,:! / '"
,"'! ,; "''.1.1,1-.
;'>'
:N'
A
A
I
Fig.24. Amphilochidae and Cyproideidae. A, Amphilochus manudens; B, Stegoplax longiorostris; C,
Austropheonoides mundoe; D, Gitanopsis bisinosa; E, Neocyproidea otakensis; F, Narapheonoides
mullaya; G,.Cyproidea ornata; I, Peltocoxa marioni.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Amphilochopsis Stephensen
Amphilochopsis Stephensen, 1925a: 173.
Type species. Amphilochopsis hamatus Stephensen,
1925a, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Mandibular molar of medium size,
triturative. Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate. Maxilla 2 ordinary
though inner plate rather narrow. Outer plate of
95
maxilliped not excavate, palp article 1 equal to article 2.
Gnathopods 1-2 large, subchelate, palm very oblique,
convex, dactyl without large nodiform process. Urosomite
3 weakly alate. Article 2 of antenna 1 with tooth. Lower
lip ordinary. Gnathopods carpochelate, gnathopod 2 also
moderately merochelate.
Relationship. Differing from Gitanopsis in the 1articulate palp of maxilla 1.
Species. A. hamatus Stephensen, 1925a (Gurjanova,
c
E
H
E
V
I
E
~J
Fig.25. Amphilochidae and Cyproideidae. A, Cyproidea ornata; B, Gitanogeiton sarsi; C, Austropheonoides
mundoe; D, Gitana sarai; E, Amphilochus manudens; F, Narapheonoidesmullaya; G,Hoplopheonoides obesa; H,
Peltopes productus; I, Cyclotelson purpureum; J, Amphilochella simplicarpus.
96
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13
Habitat and distribution.
m, 1 species.
.!.v .....
IL.4,............'v,
325-2702
Bate
Figs 24A, 25E
Amphilochus Bate, 1862: 107.-Stebbing 1906: 149.McKinney, 1978a: 137.
Callimerus
Stebbing,
1876c:
445
(Callimerus
acudigitatata Stebbing, 1876c, original designation).
Type species. Amphilochus manudens Bate, 1862,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Mandibular molar small, columnar, conical
or weakly bulbous, poorly or not triturative. Palp of
maxilla 1 2-articulate. Maxilla 2 ordinary, or outer plate
as long as inner but inner much wider, well setose. Outer
plate of maxilliped not excavate, palp article 1 subequal
to or longer than (type) article 2. Gnathopods 1-2 large
to small, diverse or not, subchelate, palm straight or
weakly convex, subtransverse, dactyl lacking nodiform
process. Urosomite 3 poorly alate. Lower lip ordinary.
Gnathopods more ot less carpochelate.
Variables. Palp article 2 of maxilliped almost twice as
long as article 2 (A. opunake, see Gitanogeiton); certain
east Pacific and west Atlantic species with molar much
better developed than in east Atlantic species; palp article
3 not setose in east Pacific species; molar thus strong (A.
pieadurus, but pointed; A. likelike, A. menehune, A.
kailua, these three large, blunt, weakly triturative);
gnathopods 1-2 almost identical (A. kailua), gnathopods 12 diverse (A. litoralis).
Relationship. Differing from Gitanopsis in the feeble
molar.
See Cyelotelson.
1)
(Lincoln,
(Chevreux & Fage,
OlJlAtnaJte J.L.
1972b
A.
1962c, 1979b (Krapp-Schickel,
340]; A.
Bamard & Thomas, 1983
Ledoyer, 1977 [348]; ?A. schubarti
Schellenberg, 1938b (?Sivaprakasam, 1968a) (like
Cyelotelson) [453]; A. speneebatei (Stebbing, 1876b) A.
anomalus Chevreux, 1900a, ? = A. brunneus also)
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Lincoln, 1979a) [330]; A.
tenuimanus Boeck, 1871b (Sars, 1895) [240 + B]; A.
tropicus (Rabindranath, 1972a) [666].
Habitat and distribution. Cosmopolitan but
antipolar, eurythermal, 0-600 m, probably slime lapper,
often on scleractinian corals and the homy coral,
Pterogorgia, 20 species.
Cyclotelson Potts
Fig.251
Cyclotelson Potts, 1915: 87.
Type species. Cyclotelson purpureum Potts, 1915,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Mandibular molar [?absent]. Palp of
maxilla 1 2-articulate. Maxilla 2 ordinary, though inner
plate not greatly widened. Outer plate of maxilliped not
excavate, palp article 1 subequal to article 2. Gnathopods
1-2 small, subchelate, palm weakly oblique, dactyl of
gnathopods 1-2 lacking nodiform process. Urosomite '3
strongly alate. Lower lip ordinary. Gnathopods
carpochelate. [Rami of uropods 1-3 unknown].
Genus requiring further study.
Relationship. Like Amphiloehus but plates of maxilla
2 equally wide.
Species. Cyelotelson purpureum Potts, 1915 [635].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Torres Straits,
Species. See Chevreux & Fage (1925); Duhig &
Australia, littoral, 1 species.
Humphries (1955); Krapp-Schickel (1982c); Ledoyer
(1968, 1977); Schellenberg (1938a); Stephensen (1925a); A.
borealis Enequist, 1950 [237]; A. brunneus Della Valle,
Gitana Boeck
1893 (Chevreux& Fage, 1925) (= A. melanops Walker,
1895b) (Krapp-Schickel, 1982c) [330 + 440]; A. easahoya
Fig.25D
McKinney,.1978a [474]; A. delaeaya McKinney, 1978a
[471]; A. filidaetylus Hurley, 1955 [849]; A. kailua I.L.
Gitana Boeck, 1871b: 132.-Stebbing, 1906: 155.l3arnard, 197Qa [381];.A. likelike I.~. l3artlard, 197Qa [3~1]; Lincoln, 1979a: 162.
A. litoralis Stout, 1912 (I.L. Barnard, 1962c, 1969a) [370];
A. manudens Bate, 1862 (=A. eoneinna Stebbing, 1876c)
Type species. Gitana sarsi Boeck, 1871b, designated
(= ;1. aeudigitata Stebbing, 1876c) (= A. boeeki Meinert,
by
Sars, 1895:' 229.
1893, = homonym) (Sars, 1895) (Lincoln, 1979a) [250 + B
+ I]; A. marionis Stebbing, 1888 (Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 1974) [835]; A. menehune I.L. Barnard, 1970a
Diagnosis. Mandibular molar large, cushion shaped,
(Myers, 1985c) [550]; A. neapolitanus Della Valle, 1893
triturative. Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate. Maxilla 2
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
ordinary. Outer plate of maxilliped weakly excavate or
not, palp article 1 equal to or subequal to article 2, or
latter longer. Gnathopods 1-2 small, poorly subchelate
or almost simple, palm very oblique, dactyl lacking
large inner nodiform process. Urosomite 3 poorly alate.
Lower lip ordinary. Gnathopods more or less
carpochelate.
Variables. Inner plate of maxilla 2 rather thin (G.
longicarpa) but broader than outer; gnathopods simple
(G. rostrata, G. longicarpa, etc.), gnathopod 2 scarcely
carpochelate (G. longicarpa, G. rostrata; etc.)
Relationship. Like Gitanopsis but palp of maxilla 1
I-articulate. Like Amphilochopsis but gnathopod 2
feeble.
Species. See Chevreux (1911); Chevreux & Fage
(1925); Gurjanova (1951); Krapp-Schickel (1982c);
Ledoyer (1973c); Schellenberg (1942); Stephensen
(1938b); G. abyssicola Sars, 1895 (Ledoyer, 1973c) [355];
G. bilobata Myers, 1985c [576]; G. calitemplado J.L.
Barnard, 1962c, 1964b [370]; G. gracilis Myers, 1985c
[576]; G. liliuokalaniae J.L. Barnard, 1970a [381]; G.
longicarpa Ledoyer, 1977 [348B]; G. rostrata Boeck,
1871b (Sars, 1895)[240B]; G. sarsi Boeck, 1871b (Sars,
1895)(= G. sabrinae Stebbing, 1878a) (Lincoln, 1979a)
[355].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cold and warm
north-east Atlantic, warm mid to east Pacific, 0-575 m, 8
species.
Gitanogeiton Stebbing
Fig.25B
Gitanogeiton Stebbing, 1910a: 578.
Type species. Gitanogeiton sarsi Stebbing, 1910a,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Mandibular molar large, cushion shaped,
triturative. Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate. Maxilla 2
ordinary. Outer plate of maxilliped strongly excavate,
palp article 1 nearly twice as long as article 2 (but also
true of Amphilochus opunake). Gnathopods 1-2 small,
scarcely subchelate, palm oblique. [Urosomite 3
unknown]. Upper lip very deeply notched. Gnathopods
carpochelate. [Uropods unknown].
Relationship. Differing from Gitana in the elongate
article 1 of the maxillipedal palp and the strongly excavate
outer plate on the maxilliped.
Transfer. Gitanogeiton tropica to Amphilochus.
97
Species. Gitanogeiton sarsi Stebbing, 1910a [781].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, off Manning
River, New South Wales, sublittoral, 1 species.
Gitanopsis Sars
Fig.24D
Gitanopsis Sars, 1895: 223.-Stebbing, 1906: 153.McKinney, 1978a: 140.-Lincoln, 1979a: 164.Karaman, 1980a: 44.
Type species. Amphilochus bispinosus Boeck, 1871b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Mandibular molar large, cushion shaped,
triturative. Palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate. Maxilla 2
ordinary. Outer plate of maxilliped not excavate, palp
article 1 subequal to article 2 or longer. Gnathopods 12 large to small and feeble, subchelate or scarcely so,
palm transverse to oblique, dactyl lacking large, nodiform
process. Urosomite 3 poorly alate. Lower lip ordinary
(also notched). Gnathopods more or less carpochelate.
Pereopods 3-7 rarely prehensile.
Variables. Accessory flagellum consisting of 0-2
articles; gnathopods feeble, poorly subchelate and
scarcely carpochelate (G. simplex); gnathopods small,
weakly carpochelate (G. bispinosus, type); gnathopod.2
very large, both strongly carpochelate (G. inaequipes, G.
magdai); gnathopods of medium size, strongly to
moderately carpochelate (G. inermis, G. pele);
gnathopods of medium size but subequal to each other,
propodus broad, palm transverse (G. pusilloides); weakly
like G. pusilloides but propodus smaller, carpus more
strongly carpochelate (G. tortugae);propodus even
smaller (G. squamosa); like G. pusilloides but palm more
oblique (G. desmondi); pereopods 3-7 prehensile (with
swollen and spinose propodus) (Afrogitanopsispaguri);
inner plate of maxilla 2 scarcely broadened·· (G.
pusilloides, G. tortugae, G. magdai); outer ramus of
uropod 3 significantly shortened (G. pusilloides); outer
plate of maxilliped weakly excavate (G. pele, G. kupe);
molar large but poorly triturative (G. vilordes, G. baciroa,
etc.).
Relationship. The basic genus of Amphilochidae;
thus, mandibular molar fully triturative, palp of maxilla 1
I-articulate, maxilla 2 ordinary, dactyI of gnathopods
.
simple, etc.
Removals. Gitanopsis mariae Griffiths, 1973, to
Rostrogitanopsis; G. paguri Myers, 1974d, to
Afrogitanopsis.
Species. See K.H. Barnard (1932); Griffiths (19731975); Gurjanova (1951); Just (1980, 'for unidentified);
98
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Ruffo (1969); Schellenberg (1925a, 1931); Stephensen
(1925a, 1938b, 1940b, 1944a, 1947a, 1949); Thurston
(1974a,b); G. arctica Sars, 1895 (Shoemaker, 1955a) [200];
G. baciroa J.L. Bamard, 1979b [540]; G. ~bispinosa (Boeck,
1871a) (Sars, 1895) (Lincoln, 1979a) [216]; G. brevicula
Hirayama, 1983 [395]; G. desmondi J.L. Bamard, 1972b
(= G. pusilloides identification of Hurley, 1955a)
[776]; G. difficilis J.L. Bamard, 1961a [718B]; G.
inaequipes Schellenberg, 1926a [881]; G. inermis (Sars,
1883) (= G. oculatus Hansen, 1888) (Sars, 1895) (Lincoln,
1979a) [216]; G. japonica Hirayama, 1983 [395]; G. kupe
J.L. Barnard, 1972b [774]; G. laguna McKinney,
1978a [474]; G. longa Hirayama, 1983 [395]; G. magdai
Reid, 1951 [444]; G. pele J.L. Bamard, 1970a (Ledoyer,
1972, 1978b, 1979a) [600]; G. petulans Karaman, 1980a
[367]; G. pusilla K.H. Bamard, 1916 (Ledoyer, 1979a) [700
+ 810 + I]; G. pusilloides Shoemaker, 1942 (J.L.
Bamard, 1969b) [370]; G. robastodentes Hirayama,
1983 [395]; G. simplex Schellenberg, 1926a [881]; G.
squamosa (Thomson, 1880) (= G. antarctica Chevreux,
1912a,d) (Hurley, 1955) (Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer, 1974)
[800]; G. subpusilla Rabindranath, 1972a [666]; G. tai
Myers, 1985c [576]; G. tenuipes Ledoyer, 1982b [698];
G. tortugae Shoemaker, 1933a (Nelson, 1979) [362];
G. vilordes J.L. Bamard, 1962c, 1969a (Nagata, 1965a)
[393].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, c,osmopolitan but
rare in cold water, 0-875 m, 25 species.
Paramphilochoides Lincoln
Paramphilochoides Lincoln, 1979a: 158.
Type species. Amphilochoides intermedius Scott,
1896b, original designation.
Diagnosis. Mandibular molar strong, poorly
triturative. Palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate. Maxilla 2
feeble, poorly setose. Outer plate of maxilliped [not
?excavate], palp article 2 [unknown]. Gnathopods 1-2
medium or large, subchelate, palm very oblique, only
dactyl of gnathopod 2 with nodiform process on inner
margin. Urosomite· 3 not omal)1ented. Lower lip [?with
tilted ovate outer lobes astride distinct inner lobes
widely separating outer lobes]. Gnathopods
carpochelate, dactyl of gnathopod 2 often very. elongate,
flagellate.
Relationship. Differing from Amphilochoides in
the uIltQQthed medial margin on the outer plate of
maxilla 1, the strong (but. nontriturative) molar, and the
lack of a nodiform pEocess on the dactyl of gnathopod
1 only.
Species. Paramphilochoides intermedius (Scott, 1896b)
(Lincoln, 1979a) [?330]; P. odontonyx (Boeck, 1871)
(= P. pusillus Sars, 1895) (Lincoln, 1979a) [355].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, north-east boreal
and warm Atlantic, 15-200 m, 2 species.
Rostrogitanopsis Karaman
Rostrogitanopsis Karaman, 1980a: 64.
Type species. Gitanopsis mariae Griffiths, 1973,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Mandibular molar large, triturative, third
palpar article dilated medially. Palp of maxilla 1
2-articulate. Inner plate of maxilla 2 much larger than
outer, both plates with distal·setae. Outer plate of
maxilliped slightly excavate, palp article 1 nearly
subequal to article 2. Gnathopods 1-2 feeble, linear,
simple, slightly carpochelate, with article 5 much wider
(lobate) than article 6, but nearly as long as article 6,
dactyl normal.
Pereopods 5-7 with [?unlobed article 2]. Urosomite 3
not omamented. Telson long, tridentate distally.
Rostrum extremely developed, probosciform.
Accessory flagellum absent. [Upper and lower lip
unknown].
Relationship. Differing from Gitanopsis in the
probosciform rostrum, simple gnathopods 1-2, slightly
excavate outer plate of maxilliped, shape of telson and
third palpar article of mandible, and excavate lateral
cephalic lobes.
See Ajrogitanopsis.
Species. Rostrogitanopsis mariae (Griffiths, 1973)
(Karaman, 1980a) (Ledoyer, 1982b) [741].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Cape Province,
South Africa, 120-200 m, 1 species.
AMPITHOIDAE Stebbing, 1899a
Diagnosis. Corophioid either with outer lobes of
lower lip notched (except Amphitholina, Pleonexes and
Pseudopleonexes in Ampithoidae and see contrary
positive occurrence in Arctolembos of Corophioidea)· or
with inner ramus of uropod 3as short as (shortened) outer
ramus and broad, pad-like and apically setose,or outer
ramus of· uropod 3 with 1-2 large articulate apical spines
divergent from axis of ramus.
Removal. Pleonexes to Ampithoe.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Key to Genera of Ampithoidae
1.
Gnathopod 1 dominant or stouter than 2
2
- - Gnathopod 1 inferior or smaller than 2
2.
4
Molar triturative, well developed, rami of uropod 3
narrow
Paragrubia
- .- Molar reduced, lower lip lacking notches, rami of
uropod 3 broad
3
3.
Mandibular palp 3-articulate, palm of gnathopod 1
transverse, gnathopod 1 small
- - Mandibular palp 2+articulate,
oblique, gnathopod 1 small
Exampithoe type
palm of gnathopod 1
Exampithoe gracilipes
- - Mandibular palp absent, palm of gnathopod 1 oblique,
gnathopod 1 large
4.
Gnathopod 1 article 6 broad, palm oblique
- - Gnathopod
almost so
5.
(Melanesius)
5
1 article 6 narrow, palm transverse or
9
Outer ramus of uropod 3 tipped by 2 large
hook-spines
upcurved
6
- - Outer ramus of uropod 3 tipped by 1+ small or straight
or weakly curved spines
6.
Spur on peduncle of uropod 1, if present weak
and blunt, accessory flagellum vestigial
- - Spur on peduncle of uropod 1 long
accessory flagellum with 1+ long article(s)
7.
and
Ampithoe
sharp,
7
Gnathopods 1-2 similar in size and form; accessory
flagellum I-articulate; mandibular palp slender, weakly
setose
- - Gnathopod 2 large and diverse from gnathopod 1;
accessory flagellum 2+articulate, mandibular palp stout,
strongly setose
8.
8
Paradusa
~
Cymadusa
Accessory flagellum and spur on uropod 1 present,
palp of maxilla 1 ordinal\Y, apically spinose; pereopods
5-7 not prehensile
_~: .. ~
Amphithoides
- - Accessory flagellum and spur on uropod 1 absent, palp
maxilla· 1 r~dllced, bearing only 2 apical setae,
pereopods 5-7 prehensile
Pseudoamphithoides
9.
Telsonic cusps expanded into huge hooks
- - Telsonic cusps small and ordinary
10
11
99
100
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
10.
Palps of mandible and maxilla 1 absent
Amphitholina
- - Palps of mandible and maxilla 1 present
11.
Pseudopleonexes
Mandibular palp absent
Sunamphitoe
- - Mandibular palp present
12.
12
Pereopod 7 enormously expanded, oar-like
Macropisthopous
- - Pereopod 7 ordinary, like pereopod 6
Amphithoides Kossmann
Amphithoides Kossmann, 1880: 135.-Stebbing, 1906:
645.-J.L. Bamard, 1969c: 143.
Type species. Amphithoides longicornis Kossmann,
1880, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Most facts taken from A. mahafalensis:
body laterally compressed, smooth, normal, urosomites
free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes
short, blunt, antennal sinus [?weak]. Eyes ordinary.
Antennae very long, 1 longer' than 2, both slender,
peduncular article 3. of antenna 1 shorter than 1, article
2 longest, accessory flagellum 2-articulate. Antenna 2
peduncular article 3 scarcely elongate. Epistome
unproduced anteriorly. Labrum rounded, entire.
Mandible normal, palp weak, very slender, article 3
rectolinear, longer than 2. Labium with notched outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
long, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 short, with 1 seta,
outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2-articulate. Outer plate of
maxilla 2 broad, inner narrow, inner plate with mediofacial
row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines,
outer plate long, exceeding apex of palp article 2, with
spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 long, with medium nail. Coxae
relatively long, strongly overlapping, of various sizes and
shapes, not progressively elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1
dilated, produced forward, coxa 4 not longer than coxa
1, not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller
than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 scarcely diverse, of subequal size,
moderately large, gnathopod 2 slightly larger than 1,
gnathopod 1 in male subchelate, nearly merochelate,
article 5 shorter than 6, poorly lobed, palm oblique.
Gnathopod 2 slightly enlarged, subchelate, with article 2
barely dilated, with article 4 enlarged, incipiently
merochelate, extended along posterior margin of article
5, article 5 almost as long as 6, lobed, article 6 dila.ted,
dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with inflated article 2,
article 4 scarcely dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, progressively longer, pereopod 5
much shorter .than 7, with slightly broader article ·2,
pereopods 5~7 with narrow to broad unlobed article 2,
Peramphithoe
dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short, curved. Sternal processes
of thorax absent. Coxal gills [undescribed, present on
segments ?2-6]. Pleopods [undescribed]. Epimeron 3
bisinuate.
Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal,
longer (2) than or as long as (1) peduncle, peduncle of
uropod 1 with ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 of ordinary
length, biramous, both rami short, peduncle elongate,
longer than rami, rami subequal, outer ramus with 1 tiny
distal hook and 1 tubercle, inner ramus narrow, tapering,
with few armaments. Telson entire, as broad as long,
pentagonal, without apical cusps, unarmed.
Female. Sexual dimorphism (except for oostegites),
weak. Gnathopods with poorly sculptured palms.
Oostegites broad, present on [?segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Weak.
Relationship. Differing from Ampithoe in the
presence of an accessory flagellum and with hooks on
outer ramus of uropod 3 reduced or inconspicuous; from
almost all other ampithoids in the slender, spined but nonsetose inner ramus of uropod 3.
This genus is identifiable as an ampithoid principally
in the notched outer lobes of the lower lip, diverse lobes
of maxilla 2, and the condition of the mandibular palp.
See Pseudoamphithoides.
Species. Amphithoides longicornis Kossmann, 1880
(Stebbing, 1906) [677]; A. mahafalensis Ledoyer, 1967a,
1973b, 1982b [698]; A. patrizii Maccagno, 1936 [677].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, western Indian
Ocean and Red Sea, shallow water, 3 species.
Amphitholina Ruffo
Fig.26C
Amphitholina Ruffo, 1953a: 5.
Type species. Amphithoe cuniculus Stebbing, 1874b,
original .designation.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Garnmaridean Amphipoda
Diagnosis.. Body subcylindrical, slightly depressed,
smooth, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Head
subglobular, rostrum absent, supra-antennal line absent
except in defining ocular lobes, ocular lobes obsolescent,
blunt, antennal sinus absent. Eyes weak. Antennae of
medium length, 1 longer than 2, both slender, peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, articles 1-2 longest,
accessory flagellum absent. Antenna 2 peduncular article
3 short, flagellar articles few. Epistome unproduced
anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, entire. Mandible with
molar and palp absent. Labium with entire outer lobes,
with well developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes long,
blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 leaf-like, with 1 apical seta,
outer plate with 9 spines, palp absent. Outer plates of
maxilla 2 broad, inner very narrow, inner plate with only
mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal
setae, outer plate long, exceeding apex of palp article
2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article
2 short, article 3 unlobed, article 4 short, with medium nail
and setae. Coxae medium to long, weakly overlapping,
of various sizes and shapes, progressively elongate from
1 to 4, coxa 1 tapering apically, not produced forward,
coxa 2 larger than 1, weakly tapering, coxa 4 longer than
coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 somewhat longer than 4, coxae
6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, gnathopod 2 greatly larger
than 1, gnathopod 1 in male poorly subchelate, almost
simple, palm short and transverse, article 5 longer than
6, unlobed, article 6 slender. Gnathopod 2 enlarged,
subchelate, with article 2 dilated, article 5 much shorter
5
~
!/I
A
rA
i
>;;)B
C
101
~
~r;
A
C
F
A
Fig.26. Ampithoidae and Biancolinidae. A, Ampithoe rubricata;B, Ampithoe (= Pleonexes)
gammaroides; C, Amphitholina cuniculus; D, Biancolina australis; E, Sunamphitoe pelagia; F,
Macropisthopous stebbingi.
102
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
than 6, lobed, article 6 dilated, dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 similar, with inflated article 2, article 4
dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 dissimilar to each
other, pereopod 5 much shorter than and different
from pereopods 6-7, with broader, dorsally lobed article
2, pereopods 6-7 with narrow unlobed article 2,
pereopods 6-7 with longer dactyl, dactyl of pereopod 5
almost geniculate, without accessory spine on outer
margin.
Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills
[undescribed, present on segments ?2-6]. Pleopods
normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous,
stout, rami equal, shorter than peduncle, uropod 1
shortened because of elongation of urosomite 2,
peduncle of uropods 1-2 without ventrodistal process.
Uropod 3 large, well projecting, biramous, both rami
short, peduncle longer than rami, rami subequal, outer
ramus with 2 distal hook-spines, inner ramus broad, padlike and apically setose. Telson entire, as broad as long,
pentagonal, with 2 hooked apical cusps.
Female.Oostegites moderately narrow., present on
[?segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. None.
Relationship. Despite loss of mandibular palp and
molar, palp of maxilla 1, lack of notches on outer lobes
of lower lip and subglobular head used for boring, this
genus retains its ampithoid characters in uropod 3, coxae,
maxilla 2 and pereopods.
Close to Sunamphitoe in· mandibular structure but in
Sunamphitoe palp of mandible and maxilla 1 present,
notches of lower lip present, uropods 1-2 not shortened
and head normal.
Species. A. cuniculus (Stebbing, 1874b) (Chevreux &
Fage, 1925) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Myers, 1974b) [330 + 334].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, south-western
British Isles south and east to Black Sea, burrowing into
kelp, Alaria esculenta, shallow water, 1 species.
Ampithoe Leach
Fig.26A,B
Ampithoe Leach; 1814: 403, 432.-Stebbing, 1906: 631.-J.L.
Bamard, 1969c: 143.
Anisopus Templeton, 1836b: 185 (Anisopus dubius
Templeton, 1836b,monotypy, homonym, Diptera).
Amphitoe.__Dana, 1852a: 213.
Arnphithoe.-Dana, 1853: 935.-Chevreux & Fage, 1925:
332.-Conlan & Bousfield, 1982a: 45.-Conlan, 1982:
2016.
Pleonexes Bate, 1856: 59 (nomen nudum); 1857d: 147
(Pleonexesgammaroides Bate, 1857d, monotypy).Stebbing, 1906: 642.-J.L. Barn':lrd, 1969c: 145.Conlan, 1982: 2020 [transitional subgenus].
Type species. Cancer
Montagu, 1808, monotypy.
(Gammarus)
rubricatus
Taxonomy. Pleonexes is retained as a transitional
polyphyletic subgenus to contain species with prehensile
pereopods in the Conlan (1982) definition: parachelate
pereopods 5-7 with all spines on the anterior margin of
article 6 confined anterodistally to the region of the
parachela; parachelate species with spines more
proximally placed are situated in Ampithoe sensu stricto.
There may be a longer than usual nail on the dactyl
of the maxilliped and the outer plate may have weaker
spination.
A few of the species of Pleonexes have the hooked
apical cusps on the telson hugely enlarged.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, blunt, antennal sinus weak to
moderate. Eyes ordinary. Antennae of various lengths,
often subequal or 1 longer than 2, both slender or
antenna 2 stout; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 much
shorter than 1, articles 2-3 longest, accessory flagellum
absent. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short, peduncle
often stout in male. Epistome unproduced anteriorly.
Labrum subrounded, entire. Mandible normal, palp
strong, article 3 rarely semi-falciform, usually rectolinear
or clavate, article 3 longer than 2. Labium with notched
outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular
lobes long, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, with
1 apical seta, outer plate with 7 spines,. palp 2-articulate.
Outer plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner plate with
weakly mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped
with distal spines, outer plate normal, exceeding apex of
palp article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4
articles, article 2 short, article 3 unlobed, article 4 short,
with medium nail and setae. Coxae relatively long, weakly
overlapping, progressively but slightly elongate from 1
to 4, coxa 1 dilated, produced forward, coxa 2 larger than
1, often dilated, coxa 4 longer than coxa 1, unlobed, coxa
5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior
coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 weakly diverse, gnathopod 2 slightly
to greatly larger than 1, gnathopod 1 (weakly) subchelate,
article 5 as long as or shorter than 6, poorly lobed,
propodus expanded, palm oblique. Gnathopod 2 enlarged,
subchelate, with article 2 only distally dilated, with article
4 often extended distally along posterior margin of article
5, article 5 shorter than 6, lobed, article 6 dilated,
sometimes with false chela, dactyl ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender or weakly
inflated article 2, article 4 dilated, dactyIs short. Pereopods
5-7 similar to each other, progressively longer, occasionally
prehensile, pereopod 5 shorter than and different froIl1
pereopods 6-7, with broader article 2, pereopods 6-7 with
narrower unlobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,
curved.
Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills present
on segments 2-6. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 not
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
unequal, much shorter than (1) or as long as (2) peduncle,
peduncle of uropods 1-2 with obsolescent or without
ventrodistal process, when present strongly blunted.
Uropod 3 stout and conspicuous but short, biramous, both
rami very short, peduncle longer than rami, outer ramus
recurved apically, with 2 distal hook-spines, inner ramus
often longer than outer ramus, broad and pad-like and
apically setose. Telson entire, as broad as long, ovate,
semi-circular or pentagonal, with hooked' apical cusps,
these occasionally enlarged.
Female. Gnathopods smaller, gnathopod 2 scarcely
larger than 1, normally to poorly subchelate, article 5
shorter than 6, lobed, more so gnathopod 2. Oostegites
moderately narrow, present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopod 2.
Variables. Lengths, thickness and setosity of
antennae, feebleness and setosity of mandibular palp,
shapes, sculpture and setosity of male gnathopod 2; shape
of lower lip; article 3 of mandibular palp usually equal
to or slightly shorter than article 2; pereopods 5-7 strongly
prehensile (e.g. A. gammaroides), article 2 variable in size
and lobation; peduncle of uropod 1 with large spur (A.
senegalensis); inner ramus of uropod 3 often narrowed
but retaining setae, formulas of setae and spines distinctive;
hooks on telson immense (e.g. A. gammaroides)
Relationship. See Paradusa, Peramphithoe,
Pleonexes
(immediately
below),
Plumithoe,
Pseudopleonexes.
Removals. See Macropisthopous, Peramphithoe,
Plumithoe, Pseudopleonexes; see separate lists below of
prehensile and hooked-telson species; A. brasiliensis
Dana, 1853, to Cymadusa.
Species. See Griffiths (1974a,c, 1975); Gurjanova
(1951); Lincoln (1979a); Mordukhai-Boltovskoi (1969);
Sars (1895); A. africana K.H.Bamard, 1926 (Griffiths,
.1975) [743]; A. akuolaka J.L. Bamard, 1970a [381]; [A.
annulata O. Costa & A. Costa, 1840 (Della Valle, 1893)
[348]]; A. australiensis Bate, 1862 (Stebbing, 1906, 1910a)
[785]; A. boecki Della Valle, 1893 (Stebbing, 1906) (= A.
gammaroides of Della Valle, 1893) [348]; [A. buczinskii
Kalichewsky, 1906 [334]]; [A. chilensis Nicolet, 1849 (Bate,
1862) (Stebbing, 1906) [765]]; A. cinerea Haswell, 1879a
(Stebbing, 1906, 1910a) (= A. grandimanus Haswell, 1879a,
homonym) [781]; [A. corallina Stout, 1912 (J.L. Bamard,
1969a) [373]]; [A. costata Milne Edwards, 1830 (Stebbing,
1906) [851]]; A. dalli Shoemaker, 1938b (Gurjanova, 1951)
(Conlan & Bousfield, 1982a) (= A. simulans of J.L.
Bamard, 1965b) [270]; A. djakonovi Gurjanova, 1938b,
1951 (Kudrjaschov, 1979) [280]; [A. dubius Templeton,
1836b (Bate, 1862) (Stebbing, 1906) [?697]]; [A. filigera
Stimpson, 1856b (Bate, 1862) (Stebbing, 1906) [398]]; A.
[lindersi Stebbing, 1888, 1910a (Chilton, 1921d) (Hale,
1929) [793]; [A.fucorum Dana, 1852a (Della Valle, 1893)
103
[?400]]; A. grubriformis Reid, 1951 [?443, ?445]; A.
guaspare J.L. Bamard, 1979b [546]; A. hinatore J.L.
Bamard, 1972b [774]; A. kava Myers, 1985c (= A. ramondi
identification of J.L. Bamard, 1970a) [550]; A. kergueleni
Stebbing, 1888 (Chevreux, 1927) [851 + 443]; A. kuala
Myers, 1985c [576]; A. kussakini Gurjanova, 1955b
(Kudrjaschov, 1979) (Conlan & Bousfield, 1982a) [230]; A.
lacertosa Bate, 1858b (Conlan & Bousfield, 1982a)
(Hirayama, 1983) (= A. stimpsoni Boeck, 1871a) (= A.
scitulus Harford, 1877a) (= A. japonica Stebbing, 1888;
Gurjanova, 1951; Tzvetkova,1968) (= A. macrurus
Stephensen, 1944b) [230]; A.longimana Smith, 1873 (J.L.
Bamard, 1959d, 1965b) (Bousfield, 1973) [260 + ?370T +
367T]; [A. maculata Stimpson, 1853 (Stebbing, 1906) [254]];
A. marcuzzii Ruffo, 1954 (Ortiz, 1978) [460]; A.
megaloprotopus Stebbing, 1895b, 1906 [491]; [A. mitsukurii
Della Valle, 1893 (Stebbing, 1906) [395]]; [A. pausilipae
Milne Edwards, 1830 (? = A. gracilis Costa, 1851) [348]];
A. platycera Sivaprakasam, 1970g (?Ledoyer, 1979b)
[600]; A. plumulosa Shoemaker, 1938b (J.L. Bamard,
1965b) (Conlan & Bousfield, 1982a), A. p. tepahue J.L.
Bamard, 1979b [367 + ?483];A. pollex Kunkel, 1910 (J.L.
Bamard, 1965b, 1979b) (Hirayama, 1983) (= A. indentata
Stout, 1913) [TL= 367 + ?379, ?395, ?546]; [A. punctata Say,
1818 (Bate, 1862) (Stebbing, 1906) [254]]; A. quadrimanus
Haswell, 1879b (Stebbing, 1906, 1910a) [781]; A. ramondi
Audouin, 1826 (Nagata, 1965c) (?J.L. Bamard, 1979b)
(Sivaprakasam, 1970a) (Rabindranath, 1972c) (KrappSchickel, 1978, 1982a) (Hirayama, 1983) (Ledoyer, 1982b,
1984, 1985c) (Moore, 1984a) (Myers, 1985c) (Arresti et al.,
1986a) (= A. vaillantii Lucas, 1846; Chevreux & Fage,
1925; Gurjanova, 1951) (= A. penicillata Costa, 1857) (=
A. desmarestii Bate, 1862) (= A. pontica Czemiavsky,
1868) (= A. erythraea Kossmann, 1880) (= A. intermedia
Walker, 1904) (= A. lobata Walker, 1909b) (= A. divisura
Shoemaker, 1933a) [423]; A. rubricata (Montagu, 1818)
(Sars, 1895) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Gurjanova, 1951)
(Bousfield, 1973) (= A. punctatus Johnston, 1827) (= A.
picta Rathke, 1837) (= A. podoceroides Rathke, 1843) (=
A. albomaculata Kr~yer, 1846a,b) (= A. littorina Bate,
1857d) '[250 + 339]; A. rubricatoides Shoemaker, 1938b
(Conlan & Bousfield, 1982a) [230 + 290]; A. sectimana
Conlan & Bousfield, 1982a (= A. pollex of J.L. Bamard,
1954a) [270]; A. senegalensis Schellenberg, 1925a (Ruffo,
1947b) [441, 443]; A. serraticauda Rabindranath, 1972c
[665]; A. simulans Alderman, 1936 (Conlan & Bousfield,
1982a) [270]; A. tahue J.L. Bamard, 1979b [546]; A.
tarasovi Bulycheva, 1952 (Tzvetkova, 1968) [391]; [A.
tongensis Dana, 1852a, 1853 (Stebbing, 1906) [575]]; A.
vacoregue J.L. Barnard, 1979b[546]; [A.valida
(Czemiavsky, 1868) (Stebbing, 1906) [334]]; A. valida
Smith, 1873, junior homonym (Bousfield, 1973) (Conlan &
Bousfield, 1982a) (Hirayama, 1983) (= A. shimizuensis
Stephensen, 1944b [260 + ?270T, ?391T]; [A. virescens
Stimpson, 1853 (Stebbing, 1906) [254]]; [A. viridis White,
1847 [346]]; A. volki Gurjanova, 1938b, 1951 (Conlan &
Bousfield, 1982a) [230]; A. waialua J.L. Bamard, 1970a
[381]; A. zachsi Gurjanova, 1938b, 1951 (Tzvetkova, 1968)
[280]; "species" = A. albomaculata identification of Bate
& Westwood, 1863 [243]; "species" Pirlot, 1938 [640];
104
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
"species" I.L. Bamard, 1965b [373]; "species" I.L.
Bamard, 1970a [381]; "species" I.L. Bamard, 1972b [373];
"species" Ledoyer, 1978b [697].
Species with only pereopods prehensile, telson
ordinary: A. alluaudi Chevreux, 1901a (Sivaprakasam,
1970g) (Ledoyer, 1982b) A. inda of Nayar, 1959) [660];
A. jerox (Chevreux, 1901c) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925)
(Krapp-Schickel, 1982b) [330]; A. kaneohe I.L. Bamard,
1970a (Ledoyer, 1972c, 1979a, 1982b) (Cejas et al., 1983),
A. k. navosa A. Myers, 1985c, 1986 [600 + 442 + 576];
A.kulaji I.L. Bamard, 1970a (Ledoyer, 1979b, 1982b)
(Myers, 1985c) (= "species" of J.L. Bamard, 1965a) [600];
A. macrocornuta (Kensley, 1971) [449]; A. maxillissius
Ledoyer, 1984 [586]; A. riedli Krapp-Schickel, 1968, 1982a
[340].
Species with pereopods prehensile and telson with
giant hooks: A. aptos (J.L. Bamard, 1969a) [372]; A.
auriculata Rabindranath, 1972c [665] (but telsonic hooks
intermediate); A. helleri Karaman, 1975c (Krapp-Schickel,
1982a) (= A. gammaroides of Sars, 1895) (= A. bicuspis
Heller, 1867) (= A. neglectus Lincoln, 1967) [352]; A.
poipu J.L. Bamard, 1970a [381].
Pleonexes species with pereopods prehensile, with all
spines concentrated near parachela, telson with giant
hooks and outer lobes of lower lip unnotched (? = species
with lower, lip unknown or unclear but presumed): A.
gammaroides (Bate, 1857d) (Sars, 1895) (Chevreux &
Fage, 1925) (Gurja.nova, 1951) (Lincoln, 1979a) (= A.
longicornis Boeck, 1871b) (= A. hamulus Boeck, 1876)
[355]; ?A. neglecta Lincoln, 1976, 1979a (Cejas et al., 1983)
(Arresti et al., 1986a) [350]; ?A. pomboi Mateus& Afonso,
1974 [359].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan, 0107 m, rare below 30, m, often rolls and cements algal
blades into tubes, 51 species.
Cymadusa Savigny
Cymadusa Savigny, 1816: 109.-J.L. Barnard, 1969c:
144.-Conlan & Bousfield, 1982a: 43.
Grubia Czerniavsky, 1868: 103 (Grubia taurica
Czerniavsky, 1868, monotypy).-Stebbing, 1906: 644.Chevreux & Fage, 1925: 338.
Acanthogrubia Stout, 1912: 143 (Acanthogrubia uncinata
Stout, 1912, monotypy).
Type species.
monotypy.
Cymadusa filosa
Savigny,
slightly stout in male. Epistome unproduced anteriorly.
Labrum subrounded, entire. Mandible normal, palp
strong, article 3 rectolinear or weakly clavate, article 3
as long as 2. Labium with weakly (type) notched outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
long, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 short, with a row of
medial setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2-articulate.
Outer plates of maxilla 2 broad or not, inner narrow, inner
plate with mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of
maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate long, reaching
apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp
with 4 articles, article 2 short, article 3 unlobed, article
4 long, with medium nail. Coxae ordinary to long,
strongly overlapping, progressively elongate from 1 to
4, coxa 1 dilated, produced forward, coxa 4 'longer than
coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much
smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 weakly diverse; densely setose,
gnathopod 2 larger'than 1, gnathopod 1 in male weakly
subchelate, article 5 longer than 6, poorly or broadly
lobed, article 6 slightly expanded, palm oblique.
Gnathopod 2 enlarged, subchelate, with article 2 not
dilated, very setose, with article 4 enlarged, extended
along posterior margin of article 5, weakly merochelate,
article 5 shorter than 6, more slender than 6, lobed,
article 6 dilated, sometimes with false chela, dactyl
ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to
each other, progressively longer, scarcely prehensile,
pereopod 5 shorter and different from pereopods 6-7,
with broader article 2, pereopods 6-7 with narrower
unlobeq article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,
curved.;
Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills
[undescribed, present on segments ?2-6]. Pleopods
normal.' Epimeron 3 bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous,
normal, stout, rami slightly unequal, much shorter (1) or
longer (2) than peduncle, peduncle of uropods 1-2 with
ventrodistal process, that of uropod 2 smaller to
obsolescent. Uropod 3 of ordinary length, biramous, both
rami short, peduncle longer than ,rami, outer ramus with
2 distal hook-spines, inner ramus longer than outer ramus,
broad, pad-like and apically setose. Telson entire, short,
broader than long, pentagonal with 2 hooked apical
cusps.
Female. Gnathopod 2 smaller than in male. Oostegites
moderately narrow, present on segments 2-5.
1816,
J)iagn()sis. B()dy lat~ECl~ly cOll1pressed'~ll1()()th,
normal, urosomites free, urosornite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes obsolescent, blunt, antennal sinus
weak., Eyes ordinary. Antennae nearly subequal, 1
longer than 2, 1 slender, antenna 2 slightly stout;
peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, articles
1-2 longest, accessory flagellum 1 to 2-articulate or scalelike. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short, peduncle
Sexual dimorphism. Weak. Gnathopod 2.
Variables. Setosity of antennae, gnathopods, coxae,
pere()pods . 3~4 alid pedllllcle of 'll:ropod 3; sha.pes of
articles on gnathopods 1-2; dactyl of maxilliped very short·
(C. oceanica); coxa 5 very short (C. sardenta); male
gnathopod 1 slightly merochelate (C. imbroglio); male
gnathopod 2 not very large (e.g. C. compta).
Relationship. Differing- from Ampithoe in the well-
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
developed
spur on the
of
1. From
Peramphithoe in the expanded propodus of gnathopod
1 with oblique palm.
See Paradusa.
Species. Cymadusa brevidacryla (Chevreux, 1907a,
C. cavimana Sivaprakasam,
1908c) (Myers, 1985c)
1970g, Ledoyer, ?1978b, 1979a,b, 1982b) (= C. kergueleni
of Rabindranth, 1972c) [600]; C. compta (Smith, 1873)
(Bousfield, 1973) [361]; C. crassicornis (Costa, 1853, 1857)
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Gurjanova, 1951) (KrappSchickel, 1982a) (= C. elongata Costa, 1853, 1857) (= C.
largimanus Heller, 1,867) (= C. longicornis Heller, 1867)
(= C. taurica Czerniasky, 1868) (= C. massiliensis Catta,
1875) [330 + 677]; C.filosa Savigny, 1816 (Ledoyer, 1982b)
(= form A near C. microphthalma and form B near C.
setosa) (Krapp-Schickel, 1982a) (Ledoyer, 1984) (= C.
imbroglio and C. vadosa which see, fide Ledoyer, 1984)
(= C. inda Milne Edwards, 1830) (= C. indica Milne
Edwards, 1840) (= C. rubella Dana, 1852a) (= C.
brasiliensis Dana, 1853) (= C.jilicornis Dana, 1853) (= C.
setosa Haswell, 1879a) (= C. flindersi Stebbing, 1888) (=
C. hirsuta Chevreux, 1900b, Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (=
C. cvei Kunkel, 1910) (= C. australis K.H. Bamard, 1916)
[421 + 743 + 340]; C. grossimana Ledoyer, 1984 [586]; C.
hawaiensis (Schellenberg, 1938a) (J.L. Bamard, 1970a)
[381]; C. imbroglio Rabindranath, 1972c (Myers, 1985c)
[665]; C. microphthalma (Chevreux, 1901a) (Sivaprakasam,
1970a) [685]; C. oceanica J.L. Bamard, 1955a, 1971a [381];
C. pillipes (Ledoyer, 1984) (= C. lunata Myers, 1985c)
[590]; ?C. sardenta (Oliveira, 1953) (Sivaprakasam, 1970b)
[751 + 664]; C. uncinata (Stout, 1912) (J.L. Bamard, 1965b)
(Conlan & Bousfield, 1982a) [373]; C.· vadosa Imbach,
1967 [655]; C. variata (Sheard, 1936a) [785].
Habitat and distribution. Marine·, throughout the
tropics, 0-10 m, 14 species.
105
rectollnealr, shorter than 2
see
Labium
with entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes,
mandibular lobes long, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1
short, with 1 apical seta, outer plate with 10 spines, palp
2-articulate. Outer plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner
plate with only mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of
maxilliped with distal spines and cusp, outer plate long,
exceeding apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial
margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 [?short, article 3
unlobed, article 4 short, with short nail and setae]. Coxae
relatively short, [?probably weakly overlapping],
progressively elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated,
not produced forward, coxa 2 larger than 1, coxa 4 longer
than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 somewhat longer than 4,
coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 of subequal size, small, gnathopod 1
in male subchelate, article 6 slender, palm narrow,
transverse, article 5 of both gnathopods 1-2 as long as
6, poorly lobed.
Pereopods 3-4 similar, with inflated article 2, article 4
dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 dissimilar to each
other, weakly prehensile, pereopod 5 much shorter and
different from pereopods 6-7, with broader article 2,
pereopods 6-7 with narrower article 2, dactyl of
pereopods 5-7 short, curved.
Stemalprocesses of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills
[undescribed, present on segments ?2-6]. Pleopods
[undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2
biramous, normal, rami of uropod 2 unequal, shorter than
peduncle on uropod 1, peduncle of uropods 1-2 [?without
ventrodistal process]. Uropod 3 exceeding others,
biramous, both rami short, peduncle longer than rami,
rami subequal, outer ramus with 2 distal hook-spines,
inner ramus as long as outer ramus, broad, pad-like and
apically setose. Telson entire, short, broader than long,
semicircular.
Female. Unknown. Oostegites [?moderately narrow,
present on segments 2- 5].
Exampithoe K.H. Bamard
Exampithoe K.H. Bamard, 1926: 363.-J.L. Bamard, 1969c:
144.
(Melanesius) Ledoyer, 1984: 23 (Melanesius cooki
Ledoyer, 1984, original designation) [valid subgenus].
Type species. Exampithoe natalensis K.H. Barnard,
1926, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
[?short, ocular lobes· obsolescent, blunt, antennal sillus
weak]. Eyes present. Antennae of medium length, ne~rly
subequal, both slender, peduncular article 3 of antenria
1 shorter than 1, . article 1 longest, accessory flagellum
absent. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 [?short]. Epistome
[?unproduced anteriorlyl Labrum subrounded, entire.
Mandible with reduced molar, somewhat conical but
apically blunt, palp weak, very slender, article 3
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Variables. Mandibular palp 3-articulate (E.
natalensis), 2-articulate (E. gracilipes) , absent (E.
[Melanesius] cooki); outer plate of maxilla 1 with 10 spines
(E. natalensis), with 9 spines (E. gracilipes), with 8 spines
(E. cooki); inner plate of maxilliped with apical cusp large
(E. natalensis), small (E. gracilipes), almost absent but
replaced by enlarged spines (E. cooki);gnathopod 1
large (E. cooki), palm oblique (E. gracilipes); article 20f
pereopod 5 as narrow as that of pereopods. 6-7 ·(E.
gracilipes, E. cooki).
Relationship. Unusual in the loss of notches on the
outer lobes of the ·lower lip· and reduction of molar. Like
Paragrubia in enlargement of gnathopod 1 but rami of
uropod 3 of Exampithoe broadened.
Loss of notches on outer lobe of lower lip also
occurring in type species of Pleonexes (= Ampithoe),
Amphitholina and Pseudopleonexes.
106
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Key to Subgenera of Exampithoe
Mandibular palp present.
(Exampithoe)
Mandibular palp absent.
(Melanesius)
Species. E. (M.) cooki Ledoyer, 1984 [586]; E. (M.)
gracilipes Ledoyer, 1984 [586]; E. natalensis K.H.
Barnard, 1926 (Griffiths, 1974b) [743].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, southern Africa
and New Caledonia, shallow water, 3 species.
[undescribed, present on segments ?2-6]. Pleopods
[undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2
biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal, shorter than
peduncle, peduncle of uropods 1-2 without ventrodistal
process. Uropod 3 of ordinary length, biramous, both
rami very short, peduncle longer than rami, outer ramus
with 2 distal hook-spines, inner ramus almost as long as
outer ramus, broad and pad-like, apically setose. Telson
entire, short, broader than long, rhomboid, pointed
apically, with 2 tiny hooked apical cusps.
Female. Oostegites [?moderately narrow, present on
segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Absent.
Macropisthopus K.H. Barnard
Relationship. Like Peramphithoe but pereopod 7
large and oar-like.
Fig.26F
Macropisthopus K.H. Barnard, 1916: 260.-J.L. Barnard,
1969c: 144.
Type species. Macropisthopus
Barnard, 1916, monotypy.
stebbingi
K.H.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, blunt, antennal sinus weak. Eyes
ordinary. Antennae of medium length, 1 longer than 2,
both slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 shorter
than 1, article 1 longest, accessory flagellum absent.
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 [?short]. Epistome
unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, entire.
Mandible normal, palp strong, slender, article 3
rectolinear, shorter than 2. Labium with notched outer
lobes, with well developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
[?long, blunt]. Inner plate of maxilla 1 with 1 apical seta,
outer plate with 10 spines, palp 2-articulate. Outer plates
of maxilla 2 broader, inner narrower, inner plate with
only mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with
distal spines, outer plate normal, exceeding apex of palp
article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles,
article 2 short, article 3 unlobed, article 4 very long, short,
with medium nail and setae. Coxae ordinary, weakly
overlapping, progressively elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1
not dilated, not produced forward, coxa 4 longer than
coxa 1, not lobed, 'coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7· much
smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 alike, of equal size, feeble, both with
linear articles, article 5 of both gnathopods as long as 6,
poorly lobed on 1, not lobed on 2, article 6 slender,
parachelate, dactyl
.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with inflated article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyIs long. Pereopods 5-7 dissimilar to
each other, progressively longer, pereopod 5 ordinary,
much shorter than and different from pereopod 7, latter
with broad, lobed article 2, with articles 4-5 of pereopod
7 enlarged, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,curved.
Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills
Species. Macropisthopus stebbingi (K.H. Bamard,
1916, 1940) (Griffiths, 1979) [743];
Habitat and distribution. Marine, South Africa,
shallow water, 1 species.
Paradusa Ruffo
Paradusa Ruffo, 1969: 63.
Type species. Paradusa bilobata Ruffo, 1969, original
designation.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum short,
ocular lobes short, blunt, antennal sinus weak. Eyes
ordinary. Antennae long, 1 longer than 2, both slender,
peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, articles
1-2 longest, accessory flagellum vestigial, scale-like.
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short. Epistome
unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, entire.
Mandible normal, palp weak, very slender, article 3
rectolinear, almost as long as 2. Labium with [?notched
outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular
lobes long, pointed]. Inner plate of maxilla 1· linguiform,
with 1 medial seta, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 slender but inner more
narrow, inner plate with only mediomarginal setae. Inner
plate of maxilliped with distal setae and cusp, outer plate
normal, exceeding apex of palp article 2, with spines on
medial tn.argill, palp \Vith 4 articles, article 2 short, article
3 unlobed, article 4 short, with long nail. Coxae ordinary,
probably weakly overlapping, [?progressively elongate
from 1 to 4], coxa 1 barely dilated, barely produced
forward, coxa 2 also short, coxa 4 [?not longer than coxa
1, not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller
than anterior coxae].
Gnathopods 1-2 alike, of equal size, large, gnathopod
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
2 scarcely larger than 1, both subchelate, palms oblique,
article 5 of both gnathopods very short, shorter than 6,
lobed, article 6 large, dactyl ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with inflated article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 dissimilar
to each other, progressively longer, pereopod 5 slightly
prehensile, much shorter than and different from
pereopods 6-7, with broader article 2, pereopods 6-7 with
narrow unlobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,
curved.
Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills
[undescribed, present on segments ?2-6]. Pleopods
normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous,
normal, rami slightly unequal, shorter (1) or as long as
(2) peduncle, peduncle of uropods 1-2 with ventrodistal
process, that of uropod 2 smaller. Uropod 3 of ordinary
size, biramous, both rami short, peduncle longer than
rami, outer ramus recurved apically, with 2 distal hookspines, inner ramus as long as outer ramus, broad and
pad-like and apically spino-setose. Telson entire, as
broad as long, pentagonal, with 2 hooked apical cusps.
Female. Gnathopods much smaller than in male.
Oostegites moderately narrow, present [on segments ?25].
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods.
Variables. Article 2 of mandibular palp short, male
gnathopods scarcely larger than those of female, article
2 of pereopods 6-7 almost as broad as on pereopod 5
(P. mauritiensis).
Relationship. Differing from Cymadusa in the
similarity in both sexes of size and form in gnathopods
1-2 (though of different size in the 2 sexes), the
I-articulate accessory flagellum and weak mandibular
palp.
From Ampithoe in the long sharp peduncular process
of uropod 1 (versus shorter and blunter or absent) and
the distinctly visible though tiny I-articulate accessory
flagellum.
Removal. Paradusa pillipes Ledoyer, 1984, to
Cymadusa.
Species. Paradusa bilobata Ruffo, 1969 (Ledoyer,
1984) [600]; P. mauritiensis Ledoyer, 1978b, 1982b [698,
697].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Indo-Pacific from
New Caledonia to the Red Sea, 0-5 m, 2 species.
Paragrubia Chevreux
Paragrubia Chevreux, 1901a: 426.-Stebbing, 1906: 739.J.L. Barnard, 1969c: 144.
107
Type species. Paragrubia vorax Chevreux, 1901a,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes obsolescent, blunt, antennal sinus
almost absent. Eyes ordinary. Antennae long, 1 longer
than 2, both slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1
shorter than 1, articles 1-2 longest, accessory flagellum
5-articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short.
Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded,
entire. Mandible normal, palp weak, article 3
rectolinear, shorter than 2. Labium with notched outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
long, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, vestigial,
without setae, outer plate w~th 7 spines, palp 2-articulate.
Outer plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner plate with
only mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with
distal setae, outer plate long, exceeding apex of palp
article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles,
article 2 short, article 3 slightly lobed, article 4 medium,
with vestigial nail. Coxae long, strongly overlapping,
progressively elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1 dilated,
produced forward, coxa 4 longer than coxa 1, not lobed,
coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior
coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 alike, of subequal size, small,
gnathopod 1 slightly larger than 2, in male subchelate,
article 5 of both gnathopods· 1-2 shorter than 6, poorly
lobed, article 6 expanded, palm oblique. Gnathopod 2
almost simple and almost feeble, on gnathopods 1-2, with
article 4 incipiently merochelate, extended distally .along
posterior margin of article 5.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with scarcely
inflated article 2, article 4 scarcely dilated, dactyls
short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other,
progressively longer, almost prehensile, pereopods 5-7
with broad unlobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7
curved, medium, without accessory tooth on outer
margin.
Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills
[undescribed, present on segments ?2-6]. Pleopods
normal. Epimeron 3 bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous,
normal, rami slightly unequal, scarcely longer than
peduncle, peduncle of uropods 1-2 [?without ventrodistal
process]. Uropod 3 slightly small, biramous, both rami
short, outer ramus obtuse distally, with 2 weak apicolateral
spines, one reduced, peduncle slightly elongate, longer
than rami, inner ramus slightly broadened, pad-like and
apically setose. Telson entire, as broad as long, ovate,
with 2 hooked apical cusps.
Female. Gnathopods smaller than in male. Oostegites
[?moderately narrow, broad, present on segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Weak.
Relationship. Differing from most ampithoids in the
enlarged gnathopod 1.
See Amphithoides and Exampithoe.
108
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Species. Paragrubia vorax Chevreux, 1901a (J.L.
Barnard, 1970a) (Ledoyer, 1982b) (Myers, 1985c) [423
(ex. 540)].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Indo-Pacific,
shallow water, 1 species.
Peramphithoe Conlan & Bousfield
Peramphithoe Conlan & Bousfield, 1982a: 60.-Conlan,
1982: 2019 (key).
peduncle, peduncle of uropod 1 with well developed
ventrodistal process. Dropod 3 of ordinary size, biramous,
both rami very short, outer ramus recurved apically, with
2 apicolateral curved spines, peduncle longer than rami,
rami subequal, inner ramus broad, pad-like and apically
setose. Telson entire, broader than long, ovate, with 2
tiny hooked apical cusps or none.
Female. Gnathopod 2 small, similar to gnathopod 1
but slightly larger, article 5 shorter than 6, weakly
lobed. Oostegites moderately narrow, present on
segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong to weak. Gnathopod 2.
Type species. Ampithoe femorata
original designation.
Kr~yer,
1845,
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, blunt, antennal sinus weak. Eyes
ordinary. Antennae of various lengths, rarely subequal,
1 longer than 2, 1 slender, antenna 2 often stout;
peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 much shorter than 1,
article 1 or 2 longest, accessory flagellum vestigial or
absent. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short, peduncle
often stout in male,flagellum moderately short to very
short. Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum
subrounded, entire. Mandible normal, palp weak, very
slender, article 3 rectolinear, shorter than 2. Labium,j with
notched outer lobes,with w~}l-developed inner lobes,
~andibfllar lobes l~ng, blu?t.%'~~er plate of ma;"j~la 1
tnangular, short, wIth 1 apIcal ?'seta, outer plate wIth 9
spines, palp 2-articulate. Outerplates'of maxilla 2 rather
broad, inner narrow, inner plate with only mediomarginal
setae. Inn~r plate of Iqaxilliped with distal spines, outer
plate short, exceeding apex of palp article 2, with spines
on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 short,
article 3 almost lobed, article 4 long~ with medium nail.
Coxae relatively long, strongly overlapping,
progressively elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated,
not produced for~ard, coxa 2 larger than 1, coxa 4 longer
than coxa 1, no("lobed, coxa 5 as long as~ 4, coxae 6-7
~
much smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse; gnathopod 2 greatly larger
than 1, gnathopod 1 in male ~eakly subchelate, palm short
and transverse or almost so,' article 5 about as long as
6, unlobed, article 6 slender. Gnathopod 2 enlarged,
weakly or strongly subchelate, with article 2 dilated only
distally, article 5 very short, lobed, article 6 dilated, dactyl
long.
Pereopods 3-4 similar, with inflated article 2, article 4
dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other,
progressively longer, not prehensile, pereopod 5 shorter
and different from pereopods 6=7, with br()aderarticle 2.
Pereopods6-7 with narrower unlobed article 2, dactyl of
pereopods .5-7 short, curved.
Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills
[undescribed, present on 'segments ?2-6].Pleopods
normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Dropods 1-2 biramous,
normal, rami slightly "unequal, shorter (or variable) than
Variables. Flagellum of antenna 2 becoming very
short, some proximal articles becoming fused; article 5
of gnathopod 1 shorter or longer than article 6;
male gnathopod 2 scarcely enlarged (e.g. P.
humeralis).
Relationship. Differing from Ampithoe in the
unproduced coxa 1 combined with the slender,
rectangular article 6 of gnathopod 1 with transverse (or
occasionally almost transverse) palm; note, however, a
close approximation of this gnathopod occasionally occurs
in Ampithoe (e.g. P. longimana).
See Macropisthopous and Pseudopleonexes.
Species. Peramphithoe annenkovae Gurjanova, 1938b,
1951 (Tzvetkova, 1968) [391]; P. aorangi J.L.
Barnard, 1972b [775]; P. eoa Briiggen, 1907 (Gurjanova,
1951) (?J.L. Barnard, 1954a) (Tzvetkova, 1968)
(Kudrjaschov, 1979) [510]; P. falsa K.H. Barnard, 1932,
1937, 1940 (Ruffo, 1969) (Sivaprakasam, 1970g) (= P.
brevipes identification of K.H. Bamard, 1916) [743 + 685];
P. femorata (Kr~yer, 1845) (Kreibohm-de-Paternoster &
Escofet, 1976) (Alonso, 1980) (Conlan & B,ousfield, 1982a)
(= P. gaudichaudii Milne Edwards, 1840) (= P. peregrina
Dana, 1852a, 1853) (= P. brevipes Dana 1852a, 1853) (=
P. falklandi Bate, 1862) [765(TL) + ?835]; P. humeralis
(Stimpson, 1864) (J.L. Bamard, 1965b) (Conlan &
Bousfield, 1982a) [379]; P. lessoniophila Conlan &
Bousfield, 1982a [763]; P. lindbergi (Gurjanova, 1938b)
(J.L. Barnard, 1965b) (Conlan & Bousfield, 1982a) [230
+ 379]; P. mea (Gurjanova, 1938b) (Conlan & Bousfield,
1982a) (Kudrjaschov, 1972b) [273 to 391]; P. orientalis
(Dana, 1853) (J.L. Bamard, 1970a) (Hirayama, 1983)
(Myers, 1985c) [TL = 641, + ?395, ?381, ?674]; P. plea
(J.L. Barnard, 1965b) (Conlan & Bousfield, 1982a) [270];
P. spuria Krapp-Schickel, 1978, 1982b [352]; P. tea
(J.L. Barnard, 1965b, 1969a, 1969b) (Conlan &
Bousfield, 1982a) [379]; "species" (= P. humeralis of
Griffiths, 1979) [743]; "species" of J.L. Barnard (1965b,
1970a) [373, 381].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, dominantly northeastern Pacific, also north-western Pacific, rarely to
Mediterranean, New Zealand, South Africa, South
America, tropical Pacific, 0-60 m, 13 species.
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Plumithoe n.gen.
Type
1979a.
species..
Amphithoe
plumicornis
109
Sexual dimorphism. Almost absent.
Ledoyer,
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short to obsolescent, blunt, antennal
sinus weak. Eyes weak. Antennae of medium length, 1
longer than 2, 1 slender,antenna 2 basally stout and
heavily setose, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 shorter
than 1, articles 1-2 longest, accessory flagellum absent.
Antenna 2 peduncular articles 3-5 short, peduncle stout
in male, article 3 very setose. Epistome unproduced
anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, entire. Mandible normal,
palp weak, very slender, article 3 rectolinear, as long as
2. Labium with notched outer lobes, with well-developed
inner lobes, mandibular lobes long, blunt. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 triangular, short, with 1 medial seta, outer plate
with 7 spines, palp 2-articulate. Outer plates of maxilla 2
broad, inner narrow, inner plate with only mediomarginal
setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal setae, outer
plate normal, exceeding apex of palp article 2, with spines
on medial margin, palp with 4 a~icles, article 2 short,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 short, with long nail.
Coxae long, strongly overlapping, not progressively
elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1 dilated, produced forward,
coxa 2 also short, [?coxa 4 longer than coxa 1, lobed,
coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior
coxae].
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, small, gnathopod 2 slightly
larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male subchelate, palm short
and almost transverse, article 5 moderately shorter than
6, poorly lobed, with slender article 6. Gnathopod 2
slightly enlarged, subchelate, with article 2 scarcely
dilated, with article 4 incipiently merochelate, extended
along posterior margin of article 5, article 5 shorter than
6, lobed, article 6 slightly dilated, dactyl short.
Pereopods 3-4 similar, with inflated article 2, article 4
dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other,
progressively .longer, scarcely prehensile, pereopod. 5
shorter and different from pereopods 6-7, with broader
article 2; pereopods 6-7 with narrower article 2, dactyl
of pereopods 5-7 short, curved.
Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills
[undescribed, present on segments 2-6]. Pleopods
[undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2
biramous, stout, rami slightly unequal, shorter than
peduncle, peduncle ofuropod 1 with long sharp
ventrodistal process, of uropod 2 smaller to obsolescent.
Uropod 3 of ordinary length, biramous, both rami short,
peduncle longer than rami, outer ramus with 2 distal hook~pines, inner ramus almost as long as outer ramus, brQad,
pad-like and apically spinose. Telson entire, broader. than
long, pentagonal, with 2 tiny hooked apical cusps.
Female. Gnathopod 2 more robust, palm convex.
Oostegites [?moderately narrow, present on segments 25].
Variables. Article 3 of mandibular palp very short;
palm of male gnathopod 2 with thumb (fijian P. hirsutus,
Myers, 1985c).
Relationship. Differing from Peramphithoe in the
anteriorly produced coxa 1, immense setosity of articles
3-5 of antenna 2, lack of setal group on coxae 1-4, and
poorly expanded article 2 on pereopods 3-4.
From Ampithoe in the narrow, unexpanded article 6
of gnathopod 1, and long sharp spur on the peduncle
of uropod 1. From Exampithoe in enlarged gnathopod 2
(versus dominance of gnathopod 1). From Paradusa in the
setosity of antenna 2, lack of accessory flagellum, lack
of cusp on the inner plate of the maxilliped, and the
stronger disparity in sizes and shapes of gnathopods 12. From Amphithoides in the setosity of antenna 2 and
the normal uropod 3.
Species. Plumithoe hirsutus (Ledoyer, 1978b, 1982b)
(Myers, 1985c) [600]; P. plumicornis (Ledoyer, 1979a,
1982b) [698].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Indo-Pacific from
Fiji to Madagascar, 0-15 m, 2 species.
Pseudoamphithoides Ortiz
Pseudoamphithoides Ortiz, 1976a: 12.-0rtiz, 1976c: 3.Karaman & Barnard, 1979: 115.
Amphyllodomus Just, 1977b: 229 (Amphyllodomus
incurvaria Just, 1977b, original designation).
Type species.. Pseudoamphithoides bacescui Ortiz,
1976a, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical, smooth, urosomites
free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes
short, extremely broad and rounded, antennal sinus
absent. Eyes medium. Antennae long, nearly subequal,
though 1 slightly longer than 2, both slender, peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, article 2 longest,
accessory flagellum absent. Antenna 2 peduncular article
3 short, scarcely elongate, peduncle stout in male.
Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum sUbro~nded,
entire. Mandible normal, palp weak, slender, artICle 3
rectolinear, as long as 2. Labium with notched Quter lobes,
with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes long,
blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 linguiform, with 1 seta, outer
plate with 7 spines, palp small, 2-articulate. Outer plates
of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner narrow, inner plate
without mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped
with distal setae, outer plate normal, almost reaching apex
of palp article 2, with spines· on medial margin, palp with
4 articles, article 2 short, article 3 unlobed, article 4 short,
with medium nail. Coxae relatively short, weakly
110
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
overlapping, not progressively elongate from 1 to 4, coxa
1 not dilated, not produced forward, coxa 2 also short,
coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 longer
than 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 alike, of equal size, small, weakly
subchelate, article 5 of both gnathopods 1-2 shorter than
6, unlobed, article 6 expanded, palm oblique.
Pereopods 3-4 similar, with inflated article 2, article 4
scarcely dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to
each other, scarcely progressively longer, minutely
prehensile, pereopod 5 slightly shorter than pereopod 7,
with broader article 2, pereopods 6-7 with narrower
unlobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,
geniculate, without accessory spine on outer margin.
Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal· gills
[undescribed, present on segments 2-6]. Pleopods
normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Dropods 1-2 biramous,
rami slightly unequal, shorter than peduncle, peduncle of
uropods 1-2 without ventrodistal process. Dropod 3 of
ordinary size, biramous, rami not very short, peduncle
as long as rami, outer ramus with 1 distal spine-hook and
1 simple spine, inner ramus longer than outer ramus, pad..
like and apically setose, narrow, tapering. Telson entire,
broader than long, pentagonal, without apical cusps.
Female. Gnathopods with article 5 as long as 6.
Oostegites moderately narrow, present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Absent.
Relationship. Differing from Arnphithoides in the
absence of accessory flagellum, much smaller outer plate
of maxilliped, presence of apical setae on inner ramus
of uropod 3, presence of minute prehensility on
pereopods 5-7, reduction of palp on maxilla 1, absence
of spur on uropod 1, and much thinner unlobed carpi
on gnathopods.
Species. P. bacescui Ortiz, 1976a,c, 1978 [483]; P.
incurvaria (Just, 1977b) (Lewis & Kensley, 1982) [460].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Caribbean Sea,
0-7 m, on turtle grass, forming 2-sided case from dissected
alga, 2 species.
1 shorter than 1, article 1 longest, accessory flagellum
absent. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short, peduncle
stout in male. Epistome produced anteriorly. Labrum
subrounded, entire. Mandible with reduced molar,
somewhat conical but apically blunt, palp weak, very
slender, article 3 [?rectolinear, ?shorter than 2]. Labium
with scarcely notched outer lobes, with well-developed
inner lobes, mandibular lobes short, thick and pointed.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 linguiform, with 1 medial seta,
outer plate with 7 spines, palp weak, 2-articulate. Plates
of maxilla 2 of ordinary breadth but inner narrower,
inner plate with only mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of
maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate normal,
exceeding apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial
margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 short, article 3
unlobed, article 4 short, with short nail and setae.· Coxae
of ordinary length, [probably weakly overlapping],
progressively elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated,
not produced forward, coxa 2 also short, coxa 4
longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae
6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae; coxae 1-5
with single long seta posteroventrally, other armaments
tiny.
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, gnathopod 2 greatly larger
than 1, gnathopod 1 in male poorly subchelate, almost
simple, palm short and transverse, article 5 long, as long
as 6, unlobed, article 6 slender. Gnathopod 2 enlarged,
weakly subchelate, with article 2 dilated, articles 5-6 very
setose, article 5 shorter than 6, lobed, article 6 dilated,
ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 similar., with inflated article 2, article 2
dilated, dactyIs short. Pereopods 5-7 dissimilar to each
other, progressively longer, prehensile, pereopod 5
much shorter than and different from pereopods 6-7, with
broader, lobed article 2, pereopods 6-7 with narrow
unlobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short, curved.
Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills
[undescribed, present on segments 2-6]. Pleopods
normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Dropods 1-2 biramous,
stout, rami slightly unequal, much shorter than peduncle,
peduncle of uropods 1-2 without ventrodistal process.
Dropod 3 of ordinary size, biramous, both rami very
short, peduncle longer than rami, outer ramus with 2 distal
hook-spines, inner ramus shorter than outer ramus, broad
and pad-like, apicallysetose. Telson entire, as broad as
long, pentagonal, weakly cleft, with 2 huge hooked apical
cusps.
Pseudopleonexes Conlan
Pseudopleonexes Conlan, 1982: 2020.
Type species.Pleonexes lessoniae Hurley, 1954c,
()rigillal .• designation.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomite,s free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, blunt, antennal sinus weak. Eyes
absent. Antennae long, 1 longer than 2, 1 slender,
antenna 2 slightly stout; peduncular article 3 of antenna
Female. Sexual dimorphism (except for oostegites),
weak. Gnathopods 2 less setose than in male. Oostegites
[?moderately narrow, present on segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Weak.
Relationship. Differing· from Arnpithoe in the
transverse palm of gnathopod 1; therefore, clearly an
advancement from Perarnphithoe but differing in the
reduced palp of maxilla 1, obsolescent notching on the
outer lobes of the lower lip, development of telsonic
hook-knobs, and prehensile pereopods.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
111
Species.. Pseudopleonexes lessoniae Hurley, 1954c
(?J.L. Barnard, 1972b) (Conlan, 1982) [775].
setose. Telson entire, short, broader than long,
pentagonal, with 2 hooked apical cusps.
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, New Zealand,
North Island, shallow water, 1 species.
Female.. Gnathopod 2 small, propodus slender like
gnathopod 1, palm short and transverse, article 5 shorter
than 6, lobed strongly. Oostegites narrow, present on
segments 2-5.
Sunamphitoe Bate
Fig.26E
Sunamphitoe Bate, 1857d: 147.-Stebbing, 1906: 645.Chevreux & Fage, 1925: 340.-J.L. Bamard, 1969c: 145.Lincoln, 1979a: 446.
Type species. Amphithoe pelagica Milne Edwards,
1830, designated by Chevreux & Fage, 1925.
Diagnosis.. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, blunt, antennal sinus weak. Eyes
pres'ent, ordinary. Antennae long, 1 longer than 2, 1
slender, antenna 2 slightly stout; peduncular article 3 of
antenna 1 much shorter than 1, article 1 longest, accessory
flagellum absent. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short.
Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded,
barely incised. Mandible normal, palp absent. Labium with
notched outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes,
mandibular lobes long, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1
triangular, with 1 apical seta, outer plate with 8+ spines,
palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate
with only mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped
with distal setae, outer plate normal, exceeding apex of
palp article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4
articles, article 2 short, article 3 unlobed, article 4
medium, with medium nail and setae. Coxae relatively
long, weakly overlapping, progressively elongate from
1 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, not produced forward, coxa
2 also short, coxa 4 longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa
5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior
coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, gnathopod 2 greatly larger
than 1, gnathopod 1 in male subchelate, article· 6 slender,
palm short and transverse, article 5 very short, shorter
than 6, lobed, article 6 dilated, dactyl long. Article 2 of
gnathopod 2 weakly dilated distally, article 5 short, lobed.
Pereopods 3-4 similar, with inflated article 2,article 4
dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 dissimilar to each
other, progressively longer, almost prehensile, pereopod
5:;, much shorter than and different from pereopods 6-7,
with broader article 2, pereopods 6-7 with narrower
unlobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short, curved.
Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills present
on segments 2~6. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 not
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly
unequal, shorter than peduncle, peduncle of uropods 12 without ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 of ordinary size,
biramous, both rami very short, peduncle shorter than
rami, outer ramus with 2 distal hook-spines, inner ramus
Hs··long as outer ramus, broad and pad-like, apically
Sexual dimorphism.. Strong. Gnathopod 2.
Variables.. Uropod 1 with large sharp spur (S.
plumosa), a variable which is used as a strong difference
by Conlan (1982) between Ampithoe and Cymadusa or
between Ampithoe and Paradusa.
Relationship.. Differing from Peramphithoe in loss of
mandibular palp.
Species.. Sunamphitoe pelagica Milne Edwards, 1830
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Bousfield, 1973) (Ledoyer,
1979b) (Lincoln, 1979a) Krapp-Schickel, 1982b) (::: S.
hamulus Bate, 1857d) (= S. conformata Bate, 1857d; Sars,
1895) (= S. grandimana Boeck, 1861) (= S. brusinae
HelIer, 1867) [250 + 340 + 640]; S. plumosa Stephensen,
1944b [395].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, amphi-North
Atlantic, Japan, Indonesia, shallow water, 2 species.
ANAMIXIDAE Stebbing, 1897
Diagnosis.. Accessory flagellum vestigial, 1 to 2articulate, very small. Mandible lacking molar. Outer
plates of maxilliped very small or absent. Coxa 1 much
smaller than coxa 2 or vestigial. Gnathopod 1
carpochelate or absent. Telson entire.
See Amphilochidae, Cressidae, Leucothoidae,
Sebidae and Stenothoidae.
Description.. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
slick and shiny. Rostrum small to large and thick; lateral
cephalic lobes weak, eyes ommatidial. Antenna 1 slender,
often partially attached to rostrum, peduncle long, article
2 often as long as 1, main flagellum sparsely articulate,
accessory flagellum vestigial or absent, rarely 2-articulate.
Antenna 2 slender, feeble. Epistome strongly produced
anteriorly, front of head with midvertical keel; labrum
asymmetrically incised. Mouthparts except maxilliped in
terminal males extremely reduced and vestigial,
dominated by midventral keel; in young males and
females· mouthparts as follows: m.andibles lacking molar,
raker row long, incisors broad, toothed, wavy or with
only one lateral notch, palp slender, feeble, 1 or 3articulate, article 3 short, E-setae sparse. Labium with
inner lobes discrete or fused to outer, gape moderate to
absent, mandibular lobes well developed. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 small, naked or sparsely setose, outer plate with
112
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
5-9 spines, palp 1 or 2-articulate. Maxilla 2 feeble, inner
plate broad, medial setae sparse but thick and short,
spine-like, outer plate much more slender and sparsely
setose. Outer plates of maxillipeds moderately developed
to absent, inner plates small and discrete or mostly fused
together or vestigial, palp of maxilliped long, thin, 4articulate.
Coxa 1 hidden by shield-like coxae 2-4; coxa 2 (or
3) largest, 4 scarcely larger than 3, weakly excavate or
not, coxae 5-7 slightly to greatly smaller. Gnathopod 1
small or absent, carpochelate but often 6-articulate (either
articles 4-5 or 6-7 thought to be amalgamated).
Gnathopod 2 very large and often strongly carpochelate,
propodus large in males and some females, elongate,
oval, weakly to strongly sculptured, palm present or
absent, dactyl long, overlapping propodus and carpal
process.
Pereopods 3-4 slender. Pereopods 5-7 alike, short,
bases expanded, 7 often weakly lobate. Pleopods
biramous, multiarticulate. Gills simple, ovate, small.
Oostegites thin or moderately broad.
Uropods 1-3 slender, apparently reaching to same
extent, or outer ramus shortened, uropod 3 often
breaking away, rami lanceolate, out~r rami weakly to
strongly shortened, weakly to moderately spinose.
Uropod 3 biramous, peduncle elongate as on uropods 12. Telson short to long, ovate, entire.
Sexual dimorphism. Largely seen in transformed
terminal males. Mouthparts except maxillipeds becoming
reduced or vestigial, dominated by ventral keel; inner
plates of maxilliped becoming severely reduced, outer
plates becoming vestigial or absent; female gnathopod 2
with moderate carpal lobe, distinct palm, dactyl fitting
palm; transfofllled male with enlarged gnathopod 2, carpal
process and dactyl immense, usually touching across
ev~nescent palm.
Relationship. The Amphilochidae have welldeveloped mandibles and gnathopod 1 is never so fully
carpochelate as in anamixids.
The Cressidae and Stenothoidae have a uniramous
uropod 3; many specimens of both Anamixidae and
Cressidae lose uropod 3 on death so one must note the
conspicuous size and form of gnathopod 2 in the
anamixid section. This is also true of Stenothoidae but all
genera of that family also have pereopod 5 with narrow
article 2. Cressidae have the telson fused with urosomite
3.
The Sebidae have uniramous third uropods and
propodochelate (not carpochelate) gnathopod 2. Their
urosomites 2-3 are coalesced.
The Anamixidae superficially resemble Leucothoidae
but are characterised by the severely reduced coxa
1.
The Anamixidae and some Leucothoidae have been
assumed in the past to be piercing and sucking inquilines
and are usually found in warm shallow waters on sessile
invertebrates, particularly sponges, tunicates, corals and
perhaps hydroids. However, Thomas & Taylor (1981)
have found that male Anamixis are filter feeders despite
the vestigial mandibles and maxillae and the presence of
a 'piercing' stylet, which, in reality, is used to align the
antennal peduncles when they are folded down for
feeding. Thomas & Barnard (1983) also find that
leucothoids are filter feeders, often inside ascidians and
tunicates.
Taxonomy. Thomas & Barnard (1983) discovered
that terminal transformed males had been placed in
Anamixis and females had been placed in the
Leucothoidae in Leucothoides. By redefining
Anamixidae to include only leucothoid-like taxa with
reduced coxa 1, Leucothoides became a synonym of
Anamixis. Males of the genus are very distinctive but
untransformed males and females are now impossible to
differentiate until they have all been reviewed and
minute characters such as shapes of coxae, setal
placements and other characters to be discovered have
been evaluated; many of the species may have to be
reared before the proper transformations can be linked
together.
Key to Genera of Anamixidae
(transformed males)
1.
Gnathopod 1 absent or vestigial
- - Gnathopod 1 present
2.
Mandibles and maxillae. vestigial,
maxillipeds vestigial or absent
Paranamixis
'
2
outer. plates of
Anamixis
- - Mandibles and maxillae ordinary, outer plates of
maxillipeds almost as large as inner plates
.
........................................................... Leucothoides-like females of Anamixis and Paranamixis
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Anamixis Stebbing
Figs 27A,B, 85B
Anamixis Stebbing, 1897: 35.
Leucothoides Shoemaker, 1933a: 249 (Leucothoides pottsi
Shoemaker, 1933a, monotypy).
Type species. Anamixis hanseni Stebbing, 1897,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. In terminal males, coxa 1 very small,
remainder of gnathopod 1 present.
Variables. Very minute characters such as placement
of setae on coxa 1 and armament patterns of
gnathopodal chelae. Outer plates of maxilliped absent
(or weakly apparent in A. grossimana).
Relationship. Differing from Paranamixis in the
presence of gnathopod 1 in terminal males. Females of
the two genera not yet distinguished.
Species. Anamixis barnardi Sasidharan, 1983a [664];
A. falarikia I.L. Barnard, 1965a' [591]; A. grossimana
Ledoyer, 1978b [697]; A. hanseni Stebbing, 1897 (Pearse,
1912) [4701]; A. pacifica I.L. Barnard, 1955d, 1969a, 1979b
(= A. linsleyi I.L. Barnard, 1955d, 1959d, 1969a, 1979b)
[540 + 370 + I]; A. pottsi Shoemaker, 1933a (?Ruffo, 1959)
(?Sivaprakasam, 1969a) (Ledoyer, 1967a, 1979a) (Thomas,
1979a) (I.L. Bamard, 1979b) [4901]; A. stebbingi Walker,
1904 (Nayar, 1967) (I.L. Bamard, 1965a, 1970a, 1971a)
[600]; A. torrida I.L. Barnard, 1974b (= A. pottsi
identification of Schellenberg, 1938a, I.L. Barnard, 1965a,
113
1970a) (?Ledoyer, 1986) [550]; A. yarrega I.L. Bamard,
1974b (Moore, 1987) [782]; species V (Loggerhead Key)
I.L. Barnard, 1974b [478]; species Q (Albatross) I.L.
Bamard, 1974b [476]; species 2 from Micronesia, I.L.
Bamard, 1974b [591]; species, I.L. Barnard, 1974b [490];
species (A. pottsi of Hirayama, 1985c) [391];
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Indo-Pacific and
Caribbean Sea, warm shallows, especially coral reefs,
inquilines on corals, sponges, ascidians, etc., 0-89 m,6
species as based ,on terminal males, otherwise 9
species.
Paranamixis Schellenberg
Paranamixis Schellenberg, 1938a: 29.
Type species. Anamixis bocki Schellenberg, 1938a,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Coxa 1 vestigial or absent, remainder of
gnathopod 1 absent or vestigial.
Relationship. Differing from Anamixis in the loss of
gnathopod 1. No females yet identified, probably
represented by some species of Anamixis in the
Leucothoides form.
' .
Species. Paranamixis aberro Hirayama, 1983 [395]; P.
bocki Schellenberg, 1938a (Ruffo, 1969) (Ledoyer,1967a,
?1978b) [600]; P. excavatus Ledoyer, 1978b [697]; P.
indicus Sivaprakasam, 1968b (?Ledoyer, 197,9a) [6901]; P.
B
B
~
B
B
Fig.27. Anamixidae. A, Anamixis stebbing; B, Anamixis linsleyi. See also Fig.85.
114
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
madagascarensis Ledoyer, 1982b (Myers, 1986b) [698].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Polynesia to
Madagascar, coral reefs, 0-3 m, 5 species.
ANISOGAMMARIDAE Bousfield, 1977
[see Bamard & Bamard (1983)]
ARGISSIDAE Walker, 1904
[see Bamard & Bamard (1983)]
ARTESIIDAE Holsinger, 1980
[see Bamard & Bamard (1983)]
Pereopods 3-4 elongate, article 6 especially long,
posterior margins of articles 5-6 often strongly setose.
Pereopods 5-7 consecutively larger, article 2 diverse,
that of pereopod 5 narrow basally, often expanding
distally, often lobate posteriorly and somewhat
anteriorly, of pereopod 6 expanded but poorly lobate
posteriorly, heavily setose anteriorly, of pereopod 7
expanded and strongly lobate posteriorly; these legs
breaking easily after death. Gills on segments 2-?, pleated
or simple, expanded, weakly pediculate. Oostegites
very long, narrow to moderately expanded, tear-drop
shaped.
Epimer'on 3 usually densely serrate posteriorly.
Pleopods strong. Uropods 1-3 long though uropod 2
much the shortest and/or smallest and/or failing to reach
as far as others, outer rami of uropods 1-2 usually
shortened, apical spines often fused by notches to bodies.
Peduncle of uropod 3 short, rami long, broadly
lanceolate, I-articulate, aequiramous. Telson ordinary to
slightly elongate, weakly to moderately cleft, incision
often gaping.
BATEIDAE Stebbing, 1906
Diagnosis. Coxa 1 vestigial or absent, not seen from
lateral view, hidden behind coxa 2, part of coxa 2 hidden
by coxa 3; gnathopod 2 composed of 1 article besides
coxa 1; accessory flagellum vestigial or absent; plates of
maxilliped well developed. Otherwise like Eusiridae.
See Eusiridae and Gammaridae.
Description. Body compressed, smooth or
posterodorsally carinate, urosomites free. Rostrum large,
often sharp, lateral cephalic lobes anteriorly truncate,
lacking sinus for antenna 2. Eyes large. Peduncles
medium to short but flagella of antennae 1-2 well
developed, article 1 of antenna 1 often with ventrodistal
process.
Labrum rounded distally. Incisor of mandible toothed,
raker row well developed, molar strong and triturative,
palp stout, article 3 subfalcate, shorter than 2. Labium well
developed, gape weak, with or without strong fleshy
inner lobes. Inner plate of maxilla 1 narrow to ordinary,
moderately to strongly setose medially, outer plate with
11 spines, palp 2-articulate, article 1 occasionally as long
as article· 2. Plates of maxilla 2 narrow, outer broader than
inner, latter strongly setose medially, usually with 2
especially noticeable deeply implanted enlarged setae
among other medial setae, no facial row of setae. Inner
plate of maxilliped very large and strongly armed, outer
plate well developed, medially spinose, palp moderately
strong, dactyl unguiform, nail evanescent.
Coxa 1 vestigial, coxa 2 tapering distally but partially
hidden, coxa 3 expanded distally, coxa 4 large, with
extremely large· posteroventral lobe, coxae· 5.. 7 short.
Gnathopod 1 formed of vestigial coxa plus elongate
article 2 bearing setae (resembling a weakly developed
female brood ,lamella), gnathopod 2 feeble, carpus
scarcely shorter than propodus, weakly to moderately
lobate, palm oblique, (castelloserrate) dactyl strongly
serrate.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak or absent, perhaps
female rostrum weaker, gnathopod 1 stouter, article 2 of
gnathopod 2 longer.
Variables. Body carinate and article 1 of palp on
maxilla 1 almost as long as article 2 (B. cuspidata, B.
carinata, B. conductor, the Carinobatea group); but article
1 of maxilla 1 palp 59% as long as article 2 (B.
catharinensis), 65 % (B. transversa), 71 % (B. lobata), 81 %
(B. rectangulata), 90% (B. cuspidata); article 1 of antenna
1 with process large (B. cuspidata), small (B. conductor),
absent (B. catharinensis); article 3 of gnathopod 2
elongate (B. cuspidata); article 2 of pereopod 5 narrow
and unlobed (B. cuspidata, B. carinata, B. conductor, B.
coyoa, B. susurrator); inner lobes of lower lip present
(type), absent (B. lobata).
Relationship. Bateidae can be described as a kind
of Eusiridae with gnathopod 1 and coxa 1 vestigial. There
is a superficial resemblance to such taxa as Rozinante
(Apherusa) , or Pontogeneia, and Nasageneia, which
have a well~developed gnathopod 1 but a small
gnathopod 2 more or less precursorial to that of Bateidae,
and also have the shortened peduncles of the antennae
(especially Nasageneia) , the well-setose maxillae and
other congruent mouthparts, telson, uropod 3, serrate
epimeron 3, head, eyes and rostrum but Bateidae also
have the unusually enlarged posteroventral lobe of coxa
4 not found in those other taxa.
Batea F. MUller, new synonymy
Figs 28A-E
Batea F. MUller, 1865: 276.-Shoemaker, 1926b: 2.
Carinobatea Shoemaker, 1926b: 21 (Carinobatea cuspidata
Shoemaker, 1926b, original designation).
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Type species. Batea catharinensis MUller, 1865,
monotypy.
Nomenclature. Originally Carinobatea was
distinguished from Batea on the presence of dorsal body
teeth and lack of inner lobes on the lower lip. The latter
character is now found to be variable in noncuspidate
Batea. Other variables not correlated with body
proc~sses are t~e long and short article 1 of the palp on
maxIlla 1, the SIze, presence or absence of a distoventral
process on article 1 of antenna 1, and the narrowness
of article 2 on pereopod 5. We do not understand
Shoemaker's distinction about the maxilliped so we find
no particular reason to keep Carinobatea separated.
Diagnosis. With the characters of the family.
115
Species. See Dickinson et al. (1980); Feeley & Wass
(1971, ecology); B. carinata (Shoemaker, 1926b, 1948)
[470]; B. catharinensis F. Muller, 1865 (= B. secunda
Holmes, 1903, 1905; Kunkel, 1918) (Shoemaker, 1926b,
1942) (Bousfield, 1973) [490]; B. conductor (J.L. Bamard,
1969b) [377]; B. coyoa (J.L. Bamard, 1969b) [377]; B.
cuspidata (Shoemaker, 1926b, 1933c, 1935a, 1948) [470];
B. lobata Shoemaker, 1926b (J.L. Bamard, 1962b, 1969a)
[370]; B. rectangulata Shoemaker, 1925, 1926b (J.L.
Bamard, 1969b, 1979b) [377]; B. susurrator J.L. Bamard,
1969b, 1979b [377]; B. transversa Shoemaker, 1926b
(Hewatt, 1946) (J.L. Barnard, 1962b, 1969a, 1979b) (Reish
& Bamard, 1967) [370].
. Habitat and distribution. Marine, tropical America,
In shallow water especially on sandy or stony bottoms with
small fleshy red algae, 0-108 m, 9 species.
A
A
(Zj
'.~/A
. "):,\'/'.....
. ";\.,,..);,i'
A
B
Fig.28. Bateidae. A, BateacatJ;arinensis; B, Batea cuspidata; C, Batea carinata; D, Batea rectangulata;
E, Batea transversa.
B
116
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
BIANCOLINIDAE J.L. Bamard, 1972a
Diagnosis. Body cylindrical, of medium thickness.
Head depressed, cylindroid, not incised for antenna 2,
with weak rostrum. Pereonite 1 lacking ventral flange.
Palps of mandible and maxilla 1 absent. Inner plates of
maxilliped not reaching extent of outer plates, lacking
short thick spines, with 2 long setae. Coxae small to large,
coxa 5 usually longer than coxa 4. Gnathopods
parachelate, article 5 short. Oostegites moderately
expanded, setae curl-tipped. Peduncles of uropods 1-2
with long setae. Uropod 3 large, biramous, rami slender
to stout, only slightly shorter than broadened peduncle,
poorly armed, usually outer ramus with 2 weakly hooked
spines. Telson not strongly fleshy, entire or cleft one
third, no dorsal raphus.
Type species. Biancolina algicola Della Valle, 1893,
monotypyo
Diagnosis. With the characters of the family.
Sexual dimorphism. Male uropods 1-2 with apical
armaments thickened and elongate, outer ramus often
shortened more than in female (though also often short
in female).
Species. See J.L. Bamard (1972b); B. algicola Della
Valle, 1893 (Krapp-Schickel, 1969b) (Ruffo, 1982d) (= B
mauihina J.L. Bamard, 1970a, 1971a, Ledoyer, 1978b,
1979b, 1986) (Myers, 1985c) [423]; Bo australis Nicholls,
1939 [788]; Bo brassicacephala Lowry, 1974b (Steele &
Collard, 1981) [470N]; B. obtusata Tzvetkova, 1976 [391].
0
Additional characters. Eyes red, lacking black
pigment, accessory flagellum absent; gland cone of
antenna 2 vestigial or absent. Upper lip rounded or
slightly emarginate. Mandibles stout, laciniae mobiles
present on both sides, molar absent. Inner lobes of lower
lip large. Inner plate of maxilla 1 tumid, with weak seta.
Inner plate of maxilla 2 extremely thin but normally
setose. Maxillipedal palp well exceeding outer plate,
article 2 swollen and produced mediodistally. Article 2 of
pereopods 3-4 as broad as pereopods 5-7. Rami of
pleopods tumid, thus peduncles not differentially
expanded. Pleonites 5-6·· free.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, throughout
tropics, north to Sea of Japan, 0 m, probably burrowers
into fleshy algae, 4 species.
Sexual dimorphism. Some possible males have odd
uropods 1-2, uropod 1 with peduncular hyaline lobe, and
outer ramus· of uropod 2 short, with long hooked spine.
Diagnosis. Proceeding from Amphilochoidids, coxae
1-4 of ordinary size, coxa 1 neither reduced nor
expanded ventrally and not broader than coxa 2; coxa
4 of medium size, broader than coxa 3, posterodorsal
excavation small. Peduncle of uropod 3 of medium
elongation. Telson entire.
Antennae short and similar to amphilochids. Accessory
flagellum obsolescent. Antenna 2 slightly shorter than
antenna 1, article 5 longer than 4. Upper lip scarcely
incised (unusual). Molar large but simple, setulose, palp
of medium stoutness. Lower lip with well-developed unnotched outer lobes bearing ordinary blunt mandibular
lobes, outer lobes widely separated by well-developed
unfused inner lobes. Inner plate of maxilla 1 small, naked,
outer plate with 7 spines, palp thin, 2-articulate. Plates of
maxilla 2 of medium width, subequal in width, latter
without large medial setae. Maxilliped ordinary, inner
plates thin, apical spine of dactyl very strong.
Gnathopods moderately enlarged, alike, carpus short,
weakly lobate, propodus longer, well expanded, palms
almost transverse. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary. Outer ramus
of uropods 2-3 shortened; peduncle of uropod 3
elongate, rami naked and shorter than peduncle. Telson
elongate, leaf-like, entire, apically rounded. Pleonites 13 with dorsal tooth.
Variables. Rakers present or absent; lacinia mobilis
absent on one side (B. australis); maxilliped dactyl short
and tumid or long and subunguiform; pereopods simple
or prehensile; setae of uropods sparse or abundant.
Relationship. Differing from Ampithoidae and
apparently descended from· the grade represented by
Amphitholina in the loss of fleshiness in the telson,
cylindrical head, strong basal amalgamation of antenna 2
with head and relative slenderness and poor
armamentation of the rami on uropod 3.
From Eophliantidae in the retention of a weak rostrum
and biramous uropod 3, in the short inner plate of the
maxilliped bearing only setae (versus spines in
Eophliantidae), short article 5 on parachelate gnathopods,
and in the peduncle of the pleopocts being not much
wider than the width of both rami together.
Biancolina Della Valle
Figs 26D, 29A,B
Biancolina Della Valle, 1893: 562o-J.L. Bamard, 1972b:
195.
BOGIDIELLIDAE Hertzog, 1936
[see Bamard & Bamard (1983)]
BOLTTSIIDAE Bamard & Karaman, 1987
Relationship. Relatively good ancestral kind of .other
amphilochoideans but probably a distinct side branch
from ancestors of Pseudamphilochidae because of poorly
developed excavation of coxa 4, .uncleft telson and
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
unexpanded coxa 1.
Differing from Amphilochidae in the large coxa 1.
From Pseudamphilochidae in the short antennae, uncleft
telson, thin inner plate of maxilliped, presence of 7
(versus 9) spines on the outer plate of maxilla 1, and
regular uropod 3 with elongate peduncle. From Eusiridae
and Pleustidae in the absence of medial and apical setae
on the inner plate of maxilla 2 (bearing only 1 apical
spine), the medial margin of the outer plate on the
maxilliped bearing 4-5 irregularly placed setal spines, and
in the proportions of gnathopods 1-2 in which the propodi
expand apicad and have a transverse palm.
Bolttsia Griffiths
Fig.30
Bolttsia Griffiths, 1976b: 12
Type species. Bolttsia minuta Griffiths, 1976b, original
designation.
Diagnosis. With the characters of the family.
Species. Bolttsia minuta Griffiths, 1976b [743E].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, coastal disjunct
117
lagoon (Sibaya Lake), South Africa near Mozambique
border, 1 species.
CALLIOPIIDAE Sars, 1895
[see Eusiridae, and Barnard & Bamard (1983)]
CARANGOLIOPSIDAE Bousfield, 1977
Diagnosis. Rostrum absent, head short, ventral cheek
strongly developed probably as down turned lateral lobe,
projecting ventrally. Antenna l·of gammarid form, articles
1-3 elongate, primary flagellum elongate, accessory
flagellum vestigial. Antenna 2 ofurothoe form, articles not
expanded, lacking spines, article 5 as long and as wide
as article 4, flagellum of medium length (about. as long
as article 5 of peduncle). Prebuccal.complex not massive,
epistome scarcely distinct, upper lip dominant. Mandibles
bearing stubby, moderately toothed incisors; laciniae
mobiles present on both sides, slightly distinct from each
other, rakers vestigial or absent, molar large, not
triturative, lacking chopper; palp 3-articulate, slender,
article 1 elongate, article 2 sca;rcely elongate, article 3
longer than 2, rounded apically, D- and 3E setae present.
Lower lip with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular
extensions of outer lobe well developed. Maxilla 1 witl}
2-articulate palp, inner plate with fewer than 4 setae.
A
A
B
Fig.29. Biancolinidae. A, Biancolina mauhina; B, Biancolina algicola. See also Fig.26D.
A
118
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Maxilla 2 well developed, lacking medial and facial setae.
Maxillipeds with unexpanded bases, normally enlarged
plates, outer spinose; palp 4-articulate, article 2 weakly
expanded, article 4 unguiform, apical nail well developed.
No baler lobes on maxillae or maxillipeds.
Coxae tiny, disjunct, coxa 4 rectangular. Coxal gills on
segments 2-4; brood plates slender. Gnathopods
moderate, grossly alike, carpus shorter than propodus,
gnathopod 2 larger than 1 and carpus strongly lobate,
propodus ovate, with long oblique palms. Article 5 of
pereopods 3-4 broad, slightly expanded, not lobate, with
long thin setal spines posteriorly; dactyls of pereopods
3,4,6,7 well developed, vestigial on pereopod 5;
pereopod 5 only weakly of haustorioid shape and
facial spination absent, pereopods 5-7 scarcely expanded,
all similar, article 2 subrectangular, pereopod 6
dominant.
Pleopods similar among themselves, peduncle
elongate, rami long and extending equally, [coupling
hooks unknown], basal clothespin spines apparently
absent. Epimeron 3 dominant, epimera lacking armaments.
Rami of uropods 1-2 styliform and spinose; uropod 3 of
ordinary parviramous haustorioid-phoxocephalid kind,
outer ramus dominant, 2-articulate, peduncle short, flat,
expanded; rami poorly setose apically. Telson short, cleft
halfway. Sexual dimorphism absent.
Relationship. This family differs from the
Urothoidae and all other families of the Haustorioidea in
the minute and disjunct coxae and the presence of a
basofacial spine on uropod 1; it differs also from
Urothoidae in the toothed incisors and gammaroid like
gnathopods, with dominant propodus, with slightly
enlarged gnathopod 2 bearing somewhat shortened but
strongly lobate carpus.
The
Carangoliopsidae
differ
from
the
Phoxocephalidae in the tiny coxae, elongate article 3 of
antenna 1 and sharp ventral cephalic cheek with no
projecting lateral cephalic lobes and no rostrum;
pereopod 7 is quite unlike that of phoxocephalids,
being like pereopod 6 and having unexpanded, nonshield-like article 2.
The long peduncles of the pleopods distinguish the
family from most other haustoriids.
Carangoliopsis resembles Carangolia (Urothoidae)
superficially because Carangolia has small but touching
coxae; otherwise Carangolia has dominant carpus on the
gnathopods, well-developed haustorius form of
pereopod 5, very short article 4 of pereopods 6-7, naked
rami of uropods 1-2, broad, almost entire telson, stubby
uropod 3, huge mandible typical of Urothoidae,
disproportionate palp articles on the maxillipeds, much
shorter antennal flagella, and elongate article 1 on the
palp of maxilla 1.
The peduncle of uropod 1 is· unusual in relation to
various haustorioids and phoxocephalids in that it has a
basofacial spine; this and the jizz of gnathopods indicates
the gammaridan ancestry of this taxon.
c
Idf
~
~3
~2
(1j U~1
Fig.30. Bolttsiidae. Bolttsia minuta.
~
m
2
e
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Carangoliopsis Ledoyer
Fig.31
Carangoliopsis Ledoyer, 1970: 11.
Type species. Carangoliopsis spinulosa Ledoyer, 1970,
original designation.
Diagnosis. With the characters of the family.
Species. Carangoliopsis spinulosa Ledoyer, 1970
(Ruffo & Schiecke, 1971) (Bellan-Santini, 1984) [348 +
B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Mediterranean,
52-1110 m, 1 species.
119
CARDENIOIDAE Barnard & Karaman, 1987
Diagnosis. Gammaridean with non-galeate head
(though probably derived from such); accessory
flagellum of antenna 1 I-articulate but large; antenna 2
lacking facial spines on article 4; upper lip fleshy,
ventrally rounded; mandibles with 3-articulate palp, article
3 short, thick, weakly bevelled apically, all setae apical,
molar medium to large, triturative, spine row present;
lower lip with mandibular lobes broad but not projecting,
inner lobes present and separate from each other, no
extraordinary wide space between outer lobes; maxillae
1-2 well developed, strongly setose medially, palp of
maxilla 1 2-articulate; plates of maxilliped well developed,
palp 3-articulate; coxae poorly setose, coxa 1 tiny and
hidden by large following coxae; gnathopod 1 present,
essentially 6-articulate (dactyl vestigial), carpus large and
lobate, propodus .small and simple, gnathopod 2 very
slender, elongate, carpus dominant, dactyl vestigial or
Fig.31. Carangoliopsidae. All figures are Carangoliopsis spinulosa.
120
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
absent; pereopods 3-4 with dactyls vestigial, of
pereopods 5.. 6 small, of pereopod 7 absent; pereopod 6
dominant but pereopod 7 not shortened,. pereopods
generally fossorial; uropods 1-3 present, strongly
biramous, uropod 3 magniramous; telson elongate, deeply
cleft.
Relationship. Sharing many characters of
Synopiidae but head not distinctly galeate and coxa 1
strongly reduced. Characters shared with Synopiidae
include the short article 3 of the mandibular palp, fossorial
pereopods, rather slender though reduced antenna 1 and
shape of the gnathopods.
Formerly in the old Haustoriidae-Pontoporeiidae but
not in those groups because of the non-fossorial
antennae, non-haustorioid but otherwise well-developed
lanceolate rami on uropod 3, elongate poorly setose
telson and reduced coxa 1.
Specifically differing from Pontoporeiidae by the
combination of aequiramous uropod 3 with I-articulate
rami, reduced coxa 1, and unshortened nonphoxocephalid pereopod 7.
The diagnosis of Cardenio below resembles that of
Synopiidae for comparisons.
Cardenio Stebbing
Figs 32, 129G, 130E
Cardenio Stebbing, 1888: 806.-Stebbing, 1906: 125.
Type species. Cardenio paurodactylus Stebbing, 1888,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Forehead not protuberant, lateral
cephalic lobe not sharp, eyes present; mandible with
palp, molar of medium size and not dominating
mandible, moderately triturative; articles 1.. 2 of antenna'
1 basic, article 3 as long as 1 (longer than 2), no teeth;
dactyl of maxilliped vestigial or absent; coxa 1 strongly
reduced; coxae 3-4 not pelagont; gnathopods simple,
gnathopod 1 stout, carpus thick, lobate, with serrate
spines; gnathopod 2 slender, carpus long, not .lobate,
without serrate spines, dactyl obsolescent or absent;
pereopods 5-7 elongate, dactyls elongate, pereopod 6
dominant; article 2 of pereopod 7 strongly expanded,
subtruncate ventrally; pleonites 1-5 transversely
denticulate; uropod 3 not grossly exceeding uropod 1,
peduncle elongate, uropod 2 short; telson elongate,
deeply cleft.
Species. Cardenio paurodactylus Stebbing, 1888, 1906
(K.H.Barnard, 1932) (Stephensen, 1947a) (Thurston, 1974b)
[835,890].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, austral and
Antarctic islands, 0-70 m, 1 species.
CASPICOLIDAE Birstein, 1945
[see Bamard & Bamard (1983)]
CEINIDAE J.L. Bamard, 1972a
Diagnosis. Head of ordinary size; urosomites free;
body compressed laterally and pleon unflexed; anterior
coxae not splayed, much larger than posterior coxae.
Antennae generally ordinary, not greatly reduced;
accessory' flagellum absent. Mandible lacking palp,
molar triturative or degraded; maxillae feeble,
moderately to poorly setose. Gnathopods subchelate or
chelate. Peduncles of pleopods unexpanded. Uropod 3
with or without ramus. Telson entire or cleft, laminar or
~eakly fleshy. Cuticle with deep and complex sensory
pItS.
See other Talitroidea, especially Talitridae, and
Dogielinotidae, Najnidae, Phliantidae, Eophliantidae and
Plioplateidae.
Description. Rostrum weak to moderately
developed, cephalic lobes well developed. Antennal
flagella usually multiarticulate, occasionally antenna 1
poorly articulate. Mandibular rakers sparse. Inner lobes
of lower lip absent. Inner plate of maxilla 1 small to
medium, poorly setose, outer plate with 8+ spines.
Maxilla 2 usually poorly armed. Plates of maxilliped
ordinary, palp thin or thick, 4-articulate, dactyl with
flexible nail. Coxa 4 excavate posterodistally. Gnathopods
often feeble but occasionally male gnathopod 2 large,
subchelate or propodochelate. Article 2 of pereopods 57 expanded. Body weakly humped to moderately
carinate. Pleopods ordinary. Uropods 1-2 ordinary. Gills
variable, formula poorly known; oostegites variable,
furnished with curl-tipped setae. Cuticle bearing deep
sensory pits.
Sexual dimorphism. Generally weak but in Ceina
egregia male gnathopod 2 powerful.
Relationship. Differing from Talitridae, Hyalidae
and Hyalellidae in the absence of a ramus on uropod 3
except in one species of Africhiltonia where this
ramus remains. The Ceinidae usually have deep cuticular
pits. The Hyalidae have an occasional species with
weakly developed cuticular pits suggesting the
Ceinidae may have descended from hyalids. Marine
Ceinidae (except Hyachelia) differ from Hyalidae and
Hyalellidae in the long aesthetascs on the flagellum
of antenna 1. The freshwater Chiltoniinae differ
from freshwater Hyalellidae in the presence of cuticular
pits.
The Dogielinotidae have spinose peduncles of
antenna 2. The Najnidae are characterised by the molar
being reduced to emplaced spines. The Phliantidae have
depressed bodies and splayed coxae, flexed abdomen
and hidden uropod 3. The Eophliantidae have cylindrical
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
bodies, small coxae and hidden uropod 3. The Kuriidae
have coalesced urosomites. The Plioplateidae appear to
be advanced out of Ceinidae in which the head is
121
depressed, the body furnished with anterior cuspidation,
the large setae on the gnathopods are absent and the
inner lobes on the lower lip are present.
~
(
x1
d
e
Fig.32. Cardenioidae. Cardenio paurodactylus. See also Figures 129, 130.
122
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Key to Subfamilies of Ceinidae
Telson cleft
Antenna 1 with long aesthetascs. Telson cleft more than
halfway.
Ceininae
Telson entire
Chiltoniinae
Ceininae I.L. Barnard, 1972a
Diagnosis. Base of antenna 2 partially fused to head.
Description. Cephalic lobes flange-like. Antennae
variable. Molar variable. Inner plate of maxilla 1
variable, palp variable. Inner plate of maxilliped
large, outer plate much larger, dactyl unguiform or
stubby. Male gnathopod 2 feeble or enlarged
and chelate, article 5 not cryptic. Gills expanded,
formula [?2-?]; oostegites narrow. Ramus of uropod 3
absent.
Key to Genera of Ceininae
Articles 2-4 of pereopod 5 densely setose anteriorly,
palp of maxilliped thin (Fig.34D)
Taihape
- - Articles 2-4 of pereopod 5 not densely setose
anteriorly, palp of maxilliped thick (Fig.34C)
2
1.
2.
Head underslung (Fig.33A), mandibular molar styliform,
:
(palm of gnathopod 1 oblique)
Ceina
- - Head not underslung (Fig.34D), mandibular molar
large, columnar, triturative, (palm of gnathopod 1
transverse or oblique)
:
3
3.
Antenna 1 lacking long aesthetascs, male gnathopod 2
large and powerful, pereopods prehensile
Hyachelia
- - Antenna 1 with long aesthetascs, male gnathopod 2
feeble, like gnathopod 1, pereopods simple
Waitomo
Ceina Della Valle
Figs 33A,C, 34B,E
Ceina Della Valle, 1893: 530.-Stebbing, 1906: 554.Pirlot, 1938: 329.-J.L. Bamard, 1972b: 170.
Periphlias Pirlot, 1936b: 295 (Periphlias carinata Pirlot,
1936b, original designation).
Type species.
monotypy.
Nicea
egregia
Chilton,
Description. Pereonite 1 swollen anterodorsally,
head hanging underneath; ocular lobes forming
plate-like anterior flanges, with or without lateral
notch. Flagellum of antenna 1 with 4-12 articles,
elongate or short. Coxa 1 rectangular or conical, or
much reduced, coxa 2 ordinary or enlarged, coxa 4
unproduced posteriorly or with sharp cusp. Article
4 of pereopods 5-7 slightly to greatly expanded.
Pereon and pleon carinate. Uropod 3 plate like.
1883,
Diagnosis. Head underslung. Mandibular molar
thorn-like. Palp of maxilla 1 absent. Palp of maxilliped
thick, article ·1 rarely alate. Female gnathopods feeble,
palms oblique, short, male gnathopod 2 enlarged,
chelate. Pereopod 5 lacking long anterior setae on
articles 2-4.
Variables. Palp of maxilliped alate, coxa 1 small,
gnathopQdal spines laclcing pri9ldes, male gnatb.opod 2
like female gnathopod 2 (C. wannape).
Relationship. Apparently the most advanced
of the marine· ceinids, differing from the
primitive Waitomo in the reduced molar and underslung
head.
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
123
Species. Ceina carinata (Pirlot, 1936b) [641]; C.
egregia (Chilton, 1883) (Chilton, 1919a) (Pirlot, 1938) (I.L.
Barnard, 1972b) [775]; C. platei Schellenberg, 1935a [769];
C. wannape I.L. Bamard, 1972 [787].
Hyachelia I.L. Barnard, 1967c: 120.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Philippine
Islands, Australia, New Zealand, Juan Femandez Islands,
0-13 rn, 4 species.
Type species. Hyachelia tortugae I.L. Barnard, 1967c,
original designation.
Hyachelia J.L. Bamard
1
1
A
A
A
c
E
2
B
Fig.33. Ceinidae. A, Ceina wannape; B, Chiltoniamihiwaka; C, Ceina egregia; D, Waitomo manene; E,
Taihape karori.
124
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Relationship. Unique in possession of prehensile
pereopods.
Differing from various hyalids (see) in the short, blunt
dactyl of the maxillipedal palp, the obsolescent palp of
maxilla 1 and the total loss of rami on uropod 3.
Diagnosis. Head not underslung. Mandibular molar
triturative. Tiny palp of maxilla 1 present. Palp of
maxilliped thick, article 1 not alate. Female gnathopods
small but not feeble, palms oblique, short, male gnathopod
2 enlarged, subchelate. Pereopod 5 lacking long anterior
setae on articles 2-4.
Species. Hyachelia tortugae J.L. Bamard, 1967c
(Ruffo, 1975a) [4231].
Description. Pereonite 1 not swollen anterodorsally,
head ordinary; ocular lobes not forming plate-like
anterior flanges, with lateral notch. Flagellum of antenna
1 with about 8 articles, short. Coxa 1 subconical, coxa 2
ordinary, coxa 4 bluntly lobate posteriorly. Article 4 of
pereopods 5-7 not expanded. Pereon and pleon smooth.
Uropod 3 leaf like.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Galapagos and
south of Dakar, probably throughout tropics, on
Chelonia sea turtles, 1 species.
Taihape J.L. Bamard
Characters for comparison to Hyalidae. Dactyl
of maxilliped short and stubby, without long whip-like
seta; male gnathopod 2 article 5 not produced between
articles 4 and 6; female gnathopod 1 propodus distinct
from male gnathopod 1, gnathopod 2 like gnathopod 1
but slightly enlarged. Pereopods prehensile. Telson cleft,
flat.
Figs 33E, 34D
Taihape I.L. Bamard, 1972b: 172.
Type species. Taihape karori I.L. Barnard 1972b,
original designation.
D
B
E
q
E
B
F
E
Fig.34. Ceinidae. A, Chiltonia minuta; B, Ceina egregia; C, Waitomo manene; D, Taihape karori; E,
Ceina wannape; F, Chiltonia mihiwaka (see also Fig.105F); G, Chiltonia enderbyensis. j = brood plate
seta.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Diagnosis. Head not underslung. Mandibular molar
subcolumnar, weakly triturative. Palp of maxilla 1 well
developed. Palp of maxilliped thin. Gnathopods feeble
in both sexes, palms oblique. Pereopod 5 with long
anterior setae on articles 2-4.
Description. Pereonite 1 not swollen. Ocular lobes
forming weak plate-like anterior flanges without
notch. Flagellum of antenna 1 long, multiarticulate.
Coxa 1 weakly expanded apically, not conical, coxa
2 ordinary, coxa 4 subquadrate. Article 4 of
pereopods 5-7 moderately expanded. Pleon weakly
carinate.
Relationship. Notable for the setose pereopod 5 and
the thin palp of the maxilliped.
Species. Taihape karori J.L. Barnard, 1972b [775].
on articles 2-4.
Description. Pereonite 1 not swollen. Ocular lobes
forming plate-like anterior flanges without notch. Eyes
weak. Flagellum of antenna 1 long, multiarticulate. Coxa
1 weakly expanded apically, not conical, coxa 2 ordinary,
coxa 4 subquadrate but with sharp posterior cusp.
Article 4 of pereopods 5-7 moderately expanded. Body
dorsally carinate posteriorly.
Relationship. Standing closer to hyalids than
Taihape or Ceina because of the well-developed molar.
Species. Waitomo manene J.L. Barnard, 1972b
[715B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, east of New
Zealand, 860 m, 1 species.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, New Zealand,
littoral, 1 species.
Figs 33D, 34C
Waitomo J.L. Bamard, 1972b: 172.
manene
Chiltoniinae J.L. Barnard, 1972b
Diagnosis. Base of antenna 2 free from head.
Antenna 1 without long aesthetascs. Telson entire or cleft
less than one fourth.
Waitomo J.L. Barnard
Type species. Waitomo
1972b, original designation.
125
J.L.
Barnard,
Diagnosis. Head not underslung. Mandibular molar
columnar and triturative. Palp of maxilla 1 vestigial. Palp
of maxilliped thick. Gnathopods of both sexes feeble,
palms transverse. Pereopod 5 lacking long anterior setae
Description. Cephalic lobes ordinary. Antennae
similar to each other, generally elongate, of medium
thickness. Molar strongly triturative. Inner plate of maxilla
1 of medium size, with 2 apical setae, palp absent. Inner
plate of maxilliped large, outer plate not larger, dactyl
stubby. Male· gnathopod 2 variable, feeble like female,
or enlarged, article 5 cryptic, propodus large, palm
subtransverse to oblique. Gills poorly expanded, 2-7;
oostegites broadly expanded. Ramus of uropod 3 absent
or present.
Key to Genera of Chiltoniinae
1.
Inner ramus of male pleopod 1 geniculate and
flagellate, male gnathopod 2 feeble like female
- - Inner ramus of male pleopod 1 ordinary,
gnathopod 2 enlarged
2.
Ramus of uropod 3 present
- - Ramus of uropod .3 absent
Afrochiltonia K.H. Bamard
Afrochiltonia K.H. Bamard, 1955: 93.
Type species. Chiltonia capensis K.H. Bamard, 1916,
original designation.
Chiltonia
male
2
Austrochiltonia
Afrochiltonia
Diagnosis. Gnathopods of both sexes subchelate,
male gnathopod 2 not larger than gnathopod 1, male and
female gnathopod 2. like gnathopod 1. Male pleopod 1
ordinary. Uropod 3 lacking both rami.
Remarks. Synonymy of A. capensis with A. subtenuis
126
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
is not accepted on geographical grounds. Males of
Langebaan Lagoon (Griffiths, 1974b,c, 1975), probably
belong to another species. Males of Austrochiltonia
subtenuis from Australia have enlarged gnathopod 2 and
distinct ramus on uropod 3.
Habitat and distribution. Freshwater and beach
kelp, New Zealand, Auckland Island, Campbell Island,
4 species.
Species. See Williams (1962); A. capensis (K.H.
Bamard, 1916) (= A. subtenuis identification's of Ruhe,
1915, and Griffiths, 1976b) (Griffiths, 1974b,c, 1975) [917E].
CHEIDAE Thurston, 1982
Habitat and distribution. Freshwater, South Africa,
rivers, some brackish river mouths, 1 species.
Austrochiltonia Hurley
Austrochiltonia Hurley, 1958a: 767.-Griffiths, 1976b: 30.
Type species. Hyalella australis Sayee, 1901, original
designation.
Diagnosis. Gnathopods of both sexes subchelate,
male gnathopod 2 larger than gnathopod 1, article 5 short
and unlobed, female gnathopod 2 feeble, article 5 lobed
as in gnathopod 1. Male pleopod 1 ordinary. Uropod 3
with short ramus.
Species. Austrochiltonia australis (Sayce, 1901, 1902a)
(Chilton, 1923b) (Timms, 1978) [944]; A. subtenuis (Sayce,
1902a) (Hale, 1929) (Timms, 1978) [945].
Habitat and distribution. Freshwater, Australia,
lakes and rivers, some brackish water river. mouths, 2
species.
Chiltonia Stebbing
Figs 33B, 34A,F,G, 107F
Chiltonia Stebbing, 1899c: 408.-Stebbing, 1906: 555.-Hurley,
1954h: 565 (key).
Type species. Hyalella mihiwaka Chilton, 1898, original
designation.
Diagnosis. Gnathopods of both sexes subchelate,
male gnathopod 2 enlarged, with unlobed very short
article 5, female gnathopod 2 feeble, like gnathopod 1,
article 5 longer, lobed as in gnathopod 1. Inner ramus
of male pleo!>od 1 geniculate and flagellate. .Uropod 3
lacking both rami.
.
Species. See Chapman & Lewis (1976); C.
enderbyensis Hurley, 1954h, 1975 [843F]; C. mihiwaka
(Chilton, 1898) (Hurley, 1954h, 1975) [775F]; C. minuta
. Bousfield, 1964c [844K]; C. rivertonensisHurley, 1954h,
1975 [775F].
Diagnosis. Rostrum strong, cylindrical, with weak
subapical ventral downtumed process, cheek poorly
developed but base of head deep. Antenna 1 of
haustorius form, flagella slightly elongate. Antenna 2 of
mixed haustorius-urothoe form, article 4 with facial spines
near base, article 5 as long as and scarcely narrower than
article 4, but latter with major basofacial armament, ventral
margin dominated by thick glassy spines, setae sparse,
flagellum in male not elongate and lacking calceoli.
Prebuccal complex massive, [upper lip unknown],
epistome scarcely evident. Mandibles with broad
multitoothed incisors; laciniae mobilis present on left side
only, dissimilar, rakers moderately numerous and serrate,
molar small and simple; palp 3-articulate, article 3 with 1
outer seta, all other spines concentrated on apical bevel.
Lower lip with discrete inner lobes, mandibular
extensions of outer lobes well developed, maxilla 1 with
I-articulate palp, inner plate with fewer than 5 setae.
Maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with 1 facial seta.
Maxillipeds with unexpanded bases, poorly enlarged
plates, outer spinose; palp 4-articulate, article 2 narrow,
not differentially expanded, article 4 unguiform, with nail.
No baler lobes -on any maxillae or maxillipeds.
Coxa 1 visible, coxa 4 dominant, posterodorsally
excavate, thus with posteriorly directed lobe, coxae 13 rectangular, alike. Coxal gills on segments 2-7; brood
plates [unknown]. Gnathopods feeble, alike, carpus
elongate, propodus stout, weakly chelate. Article 5 of
pereopods 3-4 stout, with sparse posterior spination;
dactyls of pereopods 3-7 well developed or pereopod
5 of weak haustorius form, articles 2,4,5 expanded, article
5 with weakly developed facial spination; pereopods
6-7 alike but pereopod 6 larger, article 2 ovate (thus not
shield-like as in phoxocephalids), article 4 of pereopods
6-7 expanded, no pereopods with underslung
articulation.
No pleopod dominant, peduncles of pleopods longer
than wide;· [coupling hooks and clothespin spines and
relative length of inner rami unknown]. Epimeron 1 well
developed, epimeron 2 slightly dominant in size, strongly
dominant in setation. Urosomites ordinary. Rami of
uropods 1-2 styliform, spinose, uropod 3 of
phoxocephalid form, inner ramus well developed, article
2 of outer ramus well developed, apices of rami
moderately setose. Telson short, almost fully cleft. Sexual
dimorphism weak.
Special characters versus Platyischnopidae.
Base of head broad; mandibular incisor sharply
multitoothed; molar weak; outer plate of maxilla 1 with
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
127
only 6 spines (versus 7-9); outer plate of maxilliped less
then twice as long as inner plate; dactyls of pereopods
3-7 short; pereopod 7 shorter than pereopod 6, article
2 subovate, not shield-shaped. Uropod 2 reduced, with
rami reaching less than one third along rami of uropod
1 and strongly failing apex of peduncle on uropod 3;
article 2 of uropod 3 elongate, thin, pointed, lacking major
armament.
on epimeron 2 (versus epimera 1 and 3).
Relationship. Close to the Platyischnopidae but
differing from them in (1) the deep base of the head, (2)
multidentate incisors, (3) weak molar, (4) reduction of
spine number in outer plate of maxilla 1 to 6, (5) small
outer plate of maxilliped, (6) short pereopod 7 with (7)
lack of shield on article 2, this article being more ovate
and more similar to pereopod 6 than in Platyischnopidae,
(8) reduced uropod 2, (9) short article 2 of outer ramus
on uropod 3 bearing major armaments.
The genus Skaptopus in Platyischnopidae transcends
formerly useful characters distinguishing Cheidae in that
Skaptopus also lacks the apical glandular area missing in
Cheidae but present in most Platyischnopidae, has a
somewhat reduced uropod 2, and has spines inside the
telsonic cleft.
Differing from Phoxocephalidae in the non-shield
shape of article 2 on pereopod 7, multidentate incisors
(except Tipimeginae in Phoxocephalidae) and reduced
uropod 2.
From Urothoidae in the long head, haustoriid kind of
antenna 1, presence of basofacial spines on article 4 of
antenna 2, multidentate incisor, reduced molar, and 1articulate palp of maxilla 1.
From Phoxocephalopsidae, Haustoriidae, Urothoidae
and Zobrachoidae in the shape of mandibular palp article
3 with bevelled apex, armaments dominantly on bevel.
In addition either uropod 1 or 2 in the haustoriid-like
families has linguiform rami bearing setae.
From Condukiidae in the haustoriid-like antennae 12 (thus non-geniculate and with articles 2-3 of antenna 1
shortened), antenna 2 also with heavy spines, small plates
of maxilliped, I-articulate palp of maxilla 1, reduced molar,
reduced pereopod 7, lack of lobes on carpus of
pereopods 3-4, uniform pleopods, poorly expanded
articles 4-5 of pereopods 5-7 and dominant setae present
Type species. Cheus annae Thurston, 1982, original
designation.
Cheus Thurston
Fig.35
Cheus Thurston, 1982: 413.
Diagnosis. With the characters of the family.
Combining long head vaguely similar to
Platyischnopidae with short pereopod 7 lacking shield,
chelate gnathopods, reduced uropod 2, haustoriid
antennae, styliform spinose rami of uropods 1-2, and
multidentate incisor.
Sexual dimorphism absent.
Species. Cheus annae Thurston, 1982 [831].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Falkland Islands,
intertidal sand-shell burrower, 1 species.
CHELURIDAE Allman, 1847
Diagnosis. Corophioidea with segments of urosome
immovably fused together into large box marked
ventrally with sutures, urosomite 3 (of complex) elongate;
uropods 1-3 radically dissimilar among themselves in
structure and size, uropod 2 especially unusual,with
widely expanded or medially lobate peduncle; flagellum
of antenna 2 clavate and essentially composed of one
huge article tipped with vestigial articles; inner lobes of
lower lip absent.
Type species known to be wood-scraper, invading
holes of the isopods Limnoria spp and enlarging them into
galleries; when alone, chelurids can only make furrows
on soft .grains of wood (J.L. Bamard, 1955c).
Format of diagnoses in this family follows that of
Corophioidea.
Key to. Genera of Cheluridae
1.
Uropod 3 with scale-like inner ramus
--Uropod· 3 with inner ramus
2.
Chelura
2
Uropod 2 with 2 rami, gnathopod 1 large, subchelate
Tropichelura
- - Uropod 2 lacking rami, gnathopod 1 small, slightly chelate ~
Nippochelura
128
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Chelura Philippi
Fig.36
Chelura Philippi, 1839: 120.-Stebbing, 1906: 693.-J.L. Bamard,
1969c: 180.-Lincoln, 1979a: 544.
Nemertes White, 1847: 90 (Nemertes nesaeoides White,
1847, nomen nudum, monotypy).
Type species. Chelura terebrans Philippi, 1839, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body almost cylindrical but dorsally
depressed, smooth; mesosome segment 3 toothed;
urosomites coalesced, marked ventrally by sutures,
urosomite 3 elongate. Rostrum absent and supra-antennal
line absent except in defining ocular lobes, ocular lobes
short, blunt, antennal sinus weak. Eyes ordinary. Antennae
very short, nearly subequal, 1 slender, antenna 2 stout;
peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, article
1 longest, accessory flagellum 2-articulate, main flagellar
articles very few. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 scarcely
elongate, peduncle stouter in male, flagellum paddleshaped, with several articles but bulk largely article 1.
Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subquadrate,
entire. Mandible normal, palp weak, slender, article 3
semi-falciform, but almost rectolinear, scarcely shorter
,
•
d
Fig.35. Cheidae. Cheus annae.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes, without inner
lobes, mandibular lobes short, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla
1 triangular, with 2-4 apical setae, outer plate with 7 spines,
palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 rather narrow, inner
plate with only mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of
maxilliped with distal setae, outer plate normal, not
reaching apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial
margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3 lobed,
article 4 long, with short nail and setae.
Coxae small, relatively short, weakly contiguous,
progressively shorter from 1 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, not
produced forward,coxa 2 also short, coxa 4 shorter than
coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 not much
129
smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 barely
diverse, of subequal size, feeble, both with linear articles,
densely setose, gnathopod 2 slightly longer than 1, both
with palm short and parachelate, article 5 shorter (1) or
as long (2) as 6, unlobed, article 6 very slender.
Pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopods, similar, with
slender article 2, article 4 dilated, dactyIs short. Pereopods
5-7 similar to each other, progressively longer, pereopod
5 shorter than pereopod 7, pereopods 5-7 with broad
unlobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short, curved.
Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills present
on segments 2-6. Pleopods with dilated peduncle.
Epimeron 3 not bisinuate.
A
A
c
~
Fig.36. Cheluridae. A, Chelura terebrans; B, Tropichelura insulae; C, Nippochelura brevicauda.
130
Records of the ,Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Uropod 1 normal, stout, rami slightly unequal, much
shorter than peduncle, without ventrodistal process;
peduncle of uropod 2 broadly dilated, with very small
square rami much shorter than peduncle. Uropod 3 very
long, biramous, outer ramus long, flat, linguiform, obtuse
distally, peduncle shorter than rami, very short, inner
ramus scale-like, vestigial. Telson entire, broader than
long, alate, pointed apically.
Female. Gnathopods like male. Antenna 2 weaker;
expansion on peduncle of uropod 2 shorter, less
linguiform, more quadrate. Oostegites narrow, present on
segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak.
Relationship. As type of its family, an unusual
corophioid in loss of inner lobes on lower lip, possibly
a function of its wood-scraping habits.
See Nippochelura and Tropichelura.
Species. Chelura terebrans Philippi, 1839 (Sars, 1895)
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (J.L. Bamard, 1950) (Bousfield,
1973) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Ruffo, 1982b) (= C. nesaeoides
White, 1847) (= C. pontica Czemiavsky, 1868) (= C.
xylophaga Hesse, 1868) (= C. cambrica McNeill, 1932)
[755T].
I-Iabitat and distribution. Marine,
antitropics, especially. in harbours, 1 species.
bipolar
articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner with only
mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal
spines, outer plate normal, not reaching apex of palp
article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles,
article 2 long, article 3 lobed, article 4 very short, with
medium nail and setae.
Coxae small, relatively short, weakly overlapping, of
various sizes and shapes, progressively shorter from 1
to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, not produced forward, coxa 2
larger than 1, coxae 3-4 bilobed, coxa 4 not longer than
coxa 1, lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 not much
smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 scarcely
diverse, of subequal size, feeble, densely setose,
gnathopod 1 slightly larger than 2, both with palm short
andparachelate, article 5 longer (2) or shorter (1) than 6,
unlobed, article 6 very slender.
Pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopods, similar, with
slender article 2, article 4 dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods
5-7 similar to each other, progressively slightly longer,
short, almost geniculate, with almost linear article 2.
Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills
[undescribed, present on segments ?2-6]. Pleopods with
dilated peduncle. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate.
Uropod 1 biramous, normal, stout, rami slightly unequal,
much shorter than peduncle, without ventrodistal
process, peduncle of uropod 2 broadly dilated, lacking
rami. Uropod 3 large but short, uniramous, single ramus
large, obtuse distally, foliaceous, apically setose. Telson
entire, longer than broad, triangular, pointed apically.
Female. Oostegites narrow, present on segments
2-5.
Nippochelura J.L. Barnard
Fig.36C
Nippochelura J.L. Barnard, 1959g: 6.
Type species. C helura brevicauda Shiino, 1948,
selected by I.L. Barnard, 1969c.
Sexual dimorphism. Absent.
Relationship. Differing from Chelura in the presence
of a peg-like rostrum, loss of rami on uropod 2, loss of
inner ramus on uropod 3, lack of huge mediodorsal tooth
on pleonite 3, enlarged gnathopod 1, and lobed coxae
3-4.
See Tropichelura.
Species. Nippochelura brevicauda (Shiino, 1948, 1957)
(J.L. Bamard, 1959g) [394, 395].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Japan, woodscraper, 1 species.
Tropichelura J.L. Barnard
Fig.36B
Tropichelura I.L. Barnard, 1959g: 6.
Type species. . . C helura insulae Calman,
monotypy, then designated by I.L. Barnard, 1969c.
1910,
Diagnosis (new information italicised). Body
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
subcylindrical, slightly depressed, dorsally provided with
teeth or humps on mesosomite 3, urosomites coalesced,
marked ventrally by sutures, urosomite 3 elongate. Rostrum
short, supra-antennal line present, ocular lobes short,
blunt, antennal sinus weak. Eyes ordinary. Antennae of
medium length, 1 shorter than 2, 1 slender, antenna 2
stout; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 as long as 1,
articles 2-3 longest, accessory flagellum absent, main
flagellar articles very few. Antenna 2 peduncular article
3 scarcely elongate, peduncle scarcely stout, flagellum
clavate, mostly composed offirst article.
Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded,
entire. Mandible normal, palp strong, article 3 semifalciform, as long as or much shorter than 2. Labium with
entire outer lobes, without inner lobes, mandibular lobes
short, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 large, with row of
medial setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2 -articulate.
Plates of maxilla 2 rather narrow, inner plate with only
sparse mediomarginal setae. Inner plate ofmaxilliped with
distal spine-setae, outer plate short, not reaching apex of
palp article 2, with spine-setae only on medial margin, palp
with 4 articles, article 2 ··long, article 3 lobed, article 4
with long nail and setae.
Coxae very small, relatively short, discontiguous, of
various sizes and shapes, progressively shorter from 1
to 4, 3-4 weakly spiniform, coxa 1 not dilated, not
produced forward, coxa 2 as large as 1, coxae 3-4 shorter
than coxa 1, anteriorly lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae
6-7 not much smaller than coxae 3-4. Gnathopods 1-2
diverse, gnathopod 1 greatly larger than 2, in male
subchelate, palm oblique, sculptured, article 5 very short,
shorter than 6, lobed, articles 6-7 very large. Gnathopod
2 almost simple, feeble, linear, with article 2 not dilated,
very setose, with article 4 enlarged, extended and fused
distally along entire posterior margin of article 5, article
5 much longer than 6, unlobed, article 6 more slender
than article 5, dactyl strongly reduced.
Pereopods 3-4 similar, with inflated article 2, article 4
scarcely dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 dissimilar
to each other, progressively longer, pereopod 5 much
shorter than and different from pereopod 7, with almost
linear unlobed article 2, pereopod 7 with broad lobed
article 2, pereopod 6 intermediate, dactyl. of pereopods
5-7 short, curved. Sternal processes of thorax absent.
Coxal gills [undescribed, present on segments ?2-6].
Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate.
Uropod 1 biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal,
much shorter than peduncle,without ventrodistal process,
peduncle of uropod 2 broadly dilated, with small square
rami. Uropod 3 very long, uniramous, single ramus long,
obtuse distally, foliaceous, setose. Telson entire, large,
much longer than broad, leaf-shaped, almost pointed
apically, with apical setae.
Female. Gnathopod 1 similar to male but scarcely
smaller and less sculptured. Antennae more feeble.
Uropod 3 smaller and less.setose. Oostegites [?moderately
narrow, present on segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Weak.
131
Variables. Antennae 1-2 shorter, articles 2-3 of
antenna 1 progressively shorter than article 1; inner plate
of maxilla 1 short; outer plate of maxilla 2 narrow, inner
broader; dactyl of maxilliped very short; pereopod 7
. small, article 2 scarcely expanded (T. gomezi).
Relationship. Differing from C helura and
Nippochelura in the elongate article 3 of antenna 1,
discontiguous coxae, greatly enlarged gnathopod 1,
distinct supra-antennal line, and rather diverse pereopods
5-7. Also from Chelura in the loss of inner ramus on
uropod 3. Also from Nippochelura in the presence of
rami on uropod 2 and the non bilobed coxae 3-4.
Species. Tropichelura gomezi Ortiz, 1976f (Thomas,
1979b) [470]; T. insulae (Calman, 1910) (Atwood &
Johnson, 1924) (J.L. Barnard, 1959g, 1979a) [530].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, central 'and West
Pacific from Hawaii to Christmas Island; Caribbean,
Florida Keys to Belize and Puerto Rico; wood scrapers,
2 species.
CLARENCIIDAE Barnard & Karaman, 1987
Diagnosis. Peduncle of antenna 1 short, stubby,
accessory flagellum absent. Mandibular molar simple,
conical. Plates of maxilliped of medium size. Gnathopod
2 enlarged and chelate, article 3 short. Uropods and
telson [unknown].
See Sebidae, Lysianassidae, and Eusiridae and allies.
Description. Body compressed, dorsally carinate
and toothed, urosomites 1 and 2 free, first elongate and
crested, [urosomite 3 unknown]. Head subcuboidal,
rostrum obsolescent, lateral lobes undeveloped; eyes
absent. Antennae [broken], but peduncle of antenna 1
short and articles 1-3 progressively shorter, article 1
shorter than head, article 3 produced and almost as long
as article 2, article 1 of primary flagellum ordinary
[remainder broken]; antenna 2 much longer than 1 [but
missing from middle of article 5].
Epistome and labrum [?separate, ?labrum dominant,
?broader than long, ?epistome unproduced], labrum
apically rounded. Mandibular incisor ordinary, toothed,
lacinia mobilis [?present], rakers .5, molar simple,
subconical, palp attached opposite molar, article 3 shorter
than 2, subfalciform, strongly setose, setae = DE. Labium
with appressed outer lobes, with weak fused appressed
inner lobes. Inner plate of maxilla 1 medium, with 4
marginal setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2-articulate,
long, article 1 short; plates. of maxilla 2 moderately·narrow,
moderately setose, .outer longer than inner; plates of
maxilliped of medium size, poorly armed, palp stout, 4articulate, dactyl long, unguiform.
Coxae 1-4 medium, coxa 4 scarcely largest, coxa 1
weakly expanded, coxa 3 weakly tapering, coxa 4
scarcely lobate and scarcely excavate, coxa 5 slightly
132
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
shorter than 4. Gnathopod 1 small, carpus not lobate,
propodus of medium length, as long as carpus, palm
transverse; gnathopod 2 enlarged, carpus tiny, cryptic,
propodus huge, palm chelate, dactyl fitting palm.
Pereopods short to medium, 3-4 ordinary, article 2 of
pereopods 5-7 expanded, weakly lobate, [scarcely
setulate?]. Pleopods [?ordinary, each ramus with ?
articles]. Urosome elongate, epimera ordinary, urosome
elongate, [but urosome missing from 2 onward, uropods
1-3 missing, telson missing]. Gills [2-?], simple; oostegites
[unknown].
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown [specimen immature].
Remarks. Apices of antennae, urosomites, and all of
uropods and telson missing.
Relationship. Differing from Sebidae in the short
stubby peduncle of antenna 1, and the absence of the
accessory flagellum.
Differing from· Lysianassidae in the short article 3 of
gnathopod 2.
Differing from Eusiridae in the combination of short
peduncle on antenna· 1, and chelate gnathopod 2.
Vaguely resembling Iphimediidae but only coxa 4
scarcely acuminate, gnathopod 2 huge and chelate.
Clarencia K. H. Bamard
Figs 37, 651
Clarencia K. H. Bamard, 1931a: 428.-K.H. Bamard, 1932: 155.
Type species. Clarencia chelata K. H. Bamard, 1931a,
original designation.
Diagnosis. With the characters of the family.
Species. Clarencia chelata K.H. Bamard, 1931a, 1932
[871B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, South Shetland
Islands, 342 m, 1 species.
COLOMASTIGIDAE Stebbing, 1899a
Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical, thin. Accessory
flagellum vestigial or absent, primary flagella of
antennae 1-2 strongly reduced. Mandibular incisor cut
into large sharp deeply separated teeth or forming simple
adz-shaped blade, raker row 'absent' (probably in these
taxa incisor absent and converted incisor composed of
basally fused rakers); molar variable; palp absent.
Maxillae and inner plates of maxilliped stunted, poorly
developedand sparsely armed. Coxae ordinary to very
short, overlapping. Gnathopod 1 simple. Urosomites 2-3
coalesced. Uropod 3 ordinary and biramous or
uniramous. Telson entire.
See Corophioidea, Eophliantidae, Pagetinidae,
Phliantidae and Dexaminidae (Prophliantinae).
Description. Head small to well developed, rostrum
small or absent, lateral lobes weak, eyes present. First
antennal peduncles thick and of medium length but
flagella obsolescent. Antenna 2 variable but flagellum
obsolescent. Epistome conical, labrum bilobed. Labium
[poorly known]. Molar large and unridged, or short or
absent. Inner plate of maxilla 1 thin, elongate, poorly
armed, outer plate narrow, coniform, with reduced
armament (either 9 thin or fewer than 7 elements), palp
broad, larger than outer plate, I-articulate, often
Fig.37. Clarenciidae. Clarencia chelata. See also Fig.63.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
sculptured, armaments medium to sparse. Plates of maxilla
2 poorly defined, basally fused, often poorly armed,
generally inner plate broad and truncate, separated from
narrow rounded outer plate by weak notch. Maxillipeds
basally flattened and alate, inner plates fused basally or
fully together forming narrow bilobation, outer plate
broad, often alate, both plates poorly armed, palp
narrow, 4-articulate, article 3 often longest, dactyl
unguiform.
Coxae variable. Gnathopod 1 feeble, simple, slender,
probe-like, apex of article 6 often bearing brush of
elements composed of dactyl and several spines in female
or spines and dactyl vestigial in male; gnathopod 2 in
female feeble and simple but stouter than gnathopod. 1,
articles 5-6 elongate, dactyl well developed, distinct from
armaments; gnathopod 2 in male enlarged, subchelate,
carpus broad, short and· lobate, propodus expanded,
ovate, palm oblique and poorly defined, often
sculptured, dactyl strong.
Pereopods 3-7 short, slender to medium, 3-4 longer
than 5-7, article 2 of 5-7 not or scarcely expanded;
dactyls small to medium. Pleonites variable, either not or
much larger than pereonites, epimera poorly
ornamented; pleopods ordinary though rami feeble.
Uropods 1-2 generally alike, outer rami scarcely
shortened or not, rami as long as peduncles on uropods
133
1-2 but variable on uropod 3, as long, shorter, longer,
with outer ramus rarely vestigial, or absent, rami
lanceolate or foliaceous, I-articulate. Telson short to
medium in length, entire, often ornamented apically.
Relationship. The two genera of this family are
very distinct from each other but are united by the
feeble inner plate of the maxilliped, alate outer plate of
the maxilliped, vestigial flagella of antennae 1-2, probelike gnathopod 1, I-articulate palp of maxilla 1, and fused
urosomites 2- 3.
The Eophliantidae resemble the Colomastigidae in the
cylindrical bodies but differ in (1) the well-developed
inner plates of the maxillipeds, (2) the cleft telson, (3) the
orthodox mandibular incisor not being cut into deep,
raker-like teeth, and (4) the vestigial palp of maxilla 1.
The Dexaminidae have compressed bodies with cleft
telsons.
The Phliantidae and Temnophliantidae have
depressed bodies with splayed coxae, vestigial uropod
3 and ordinary inner plates of the maxilliped.
Although some genera are superficially similar to
Colomastigidae, all Corophioidea have a well-developed
incisor with ordinary raker row, well-developed maxillae
and maxillipeds and most have subchelate gnathopod 1,
and most have urosomites 2-3 separate.
Key to Genera of Colomastigidae
Uropod 3 uniramous, foliaceous; coxae 2-4 large;
peduncle of antenna 1 short and partly stout; antenna 2
much smaller than antenna 1
Yulumara
--Uropod 3 biramous, rami lanceolate; coxae 2-4 short;
peduncle of antenna 1 ordinary; antenna 2 nearly as
large as antenna 1
Colomastix
1.
Colomastix Grube
Sexual dimorphism. Male gnathopod 1 often
shrivelled on death, poorly developed.
Fig.38A,B,C
Colomastix Grube, 1861: 137.-Ledoyer, 1979a: 2l.
Cratippus Bate, 1862: 275 (Cratippus tenuipes Bate, 1862,
monotypy).
Exunguia Norman, 1869b: 359 (Exunguia stilipes Norman,
1869b, monotypy).
Type species.
monotypy.
Colomastix pusilla
Grube,
1861,
Diagnosis. Head large and free. Antennae 1 and 2
subequal in size, peduncles thick· but not immensely
enlarged, not geniculate. Coxae 1-7 all very short and
alike, much broader than long, strongly overlapping.
Urosomite 1 without pleuron. Uropod 3 biramous though
outer ramus often vestigial, main ramus not palmate.
Attributes and variables. Head with midanterior
vertical keel between antennae; antennae 1-2 often with
small to medium peduncular teeth; articles 3-4 of
gnathopod 1 often elongate; outer ramus of uropod 1
vestigial (C. truncatipes) or shortened (C. spinosa and
varieties of C. truncatipes); rami of uropods 1-2 shorter
than peduncle (C. japonica); outer ramus of uropod 3
slightly shortened (C. inaequicornis, C. kapiolani), half or
less as long as inner ramus (C. japonica, C. lunalilo); inner
ramus of. uropod 3 thickeIledand • creIlulate (bqt •not
palmate) (C. truncatipes); uropod 3 very flat and stunted
(C. spinosa, C. cornuta); telson marginally castel1ate (C.
castellata).
Species. See K.H. Barnard (1932); Stephensen
(I93Ia); C. armata Ledoyer, 1979a [698]; C. azumai
134
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Hirayama & Kikuchi, 1980a [3951]; C. brazieri Haswell,
1879b [?780]; C. brevicornis Ledoyer, 1982b [725w]; C.
castellata K.H. Bamard, 1932 [831]; C. cornuta Ledoyer,
1979a [698]; C. fissilingua Schellenberg, 1926a, 1931
(Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer, 1974) (Holman & Watling,
1983b) [800 + B]; C. halichondriae Bousfield, 1973 [364];
C. hamifera Kossman, 1880 [677]; C. inaequicornis
Ledoyer, 1979a [698]; C. janiceae Heard & Perlmutter,
f)
B
B
3
c
c
E
10
c
c
2cf'
2?
~~
A Vc
V
B
Fig.38. Colomastigidae. A, ·Colomastix kapiolani; B, Colomastix subcastellata; C, Colomastix pusilla; D,
Yulumara wallangar.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
1977 [4781]; C. japonica Bulycheva, 1955 [391]; C.
kapiolani I.L. Barnard, 1970a [381]; C. keiskana Griffiths,
1974c [743]; C. lunalilo I.L. Barnard, 1970a (Ledoyer,
1979a) [600]; C. magnirama Hurley, 1954d [7761]; C.
plumosa Ledoyer, 1979a [698]; C. pusilla Grube, 1861,
1864a (= C. tenuipes Bate, 1862) (= C. crassimanus HelIer,
1867)
C. stilipes Norman, 1869b) (Chevreux & Fage,
1925) (Krapp-Schickel, 1969b, 1971) (Bacescu & Mayer,
1960) (G. Karaman, 1973b) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Ruffo, 1982e)
[352]; C. simplicauda Nicholls, 1938 (Holman & Wading,
1983b) [880]; C. spinosa Ledoyer, 1979a [698]; C.
subcastellata Hurley, 1954d [7761]; C. truncatipes
Ledoyer, 1979a,b [660]; spp. (I.L. Barnard, 1955a, 1965a,
1969a) (K.H. Barnard, 1937) (Chilton, 1912, 1921d, 1925)
(Feeley & Wass, 1971) (Griffiths, 1973-1975) (Kunkel,
1910) (Nayar, 1967) (Pearse, 1912) (Shoemaker, 1942c)
(Walker, 1904) (Wading & Holman, 1983b) [various
localities].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan but
mostly warm shallow seas, in sponges and tunicates, 0235~ m, 22 species.
Yulumara I.L. Barnard
Fig.38D
Yulumara J.L. Bamard, 1972a: 32.
Type species. Yulumara wallangar J.L. Barnard,
1972a, original designation.
Diagnosis. Head partially telescoped into pereonite
1. Antenna 1 enlarged and part of it many times thicker
than antenna 2, latter very reduced, antenna 1
geniculate between articles 1 and 2 or 2 and 3 or in
middle of article 2. Coxae 1-2 crowded forward, long and
thin, partially hidden by following coxae, coxae 3-4
large, as long as broad or longer, coxae 5-7 also
enlarged. Urosomite 1 with lateral pleuronal plate
covering part of urosomites 2-3 (fused). Uropod 3
uniramous, ramus thick, palmate.
Description. Eyes borne inside lateral cephalic
bulges. Base of antenna 2 fused to head. Coxal gills 2?, small, slender; oostegites slender, strongly setose.
Variables. Coxae 5-7 sharply decreasing in size
successively, coxa 7 much smaller than 4 (Y. wallangar);
not so, coxa 7 almost as long as 4 (Y. improvisa); uropod
1 attached and tucked to ventral side of urosomite 1 and
hidden from lateral view by urosomite 2 and· uropod 2
(Y. wallangar); not so, uropod 1 visible from lateral view
(Y. improvisa); inner ramus of uropod 1 shortened (Y.
armodillicta).
Species. Yulumara armadillicta Moore, 1982b [783]; Y.
improvisa Griffiths, 1976b [743]; Y. wallangar I.L.
135
Barnard, 1972a [785].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, southern
Australia and southern Africa, 3-10 rn, [host unknown], 3
species.
CONDUKIIDAE Bamard & Drummond, 1982c
Diagnosis. Rostrum well developed, cylindrical, with
anteroventral solid keel; head otherwise elongate, cheek
poorly developed. Appendages fossorial, e.g., furnished
with digging spines and roiling-filtrative setae. Antenna
1 partially of Urothoe form, article 1 short, articles 2-3
unusually elongate, geniculate; flagella short, similar and
about as long as articles 3 of peduncles. Antenna 2
slender, article 4 elongate, with no facial spines at all on
article 4, article 5 shorter than article 4, these articles
furnished with long and medium setae, no rows of facial
armaments; flagellum short, subequal to article 5 of
peduncle. Prebuccal complex massive, epistome and
upper lip distinct, latter dominant. Mandibles bearing
incisors, laciniae mobiles, rakers and large weakly
triturative molar; palp 3-articulate, apex bevelled, all setae
on bevel. Lower lip with appressed inner lobes partially
fused together, mandibular lobes of outer lobes well
developed. Maxilla 1 with small, moderately setose inner
plate; outer plate with 6 spines; palp 2-articulate. Maxilla
2 ordinary, inner plate with oblique facial row of setae.
Maxillipeds with widened and extended basal parts
lacking baler lobes, outer plate enlarged (versus Cheidae),
bearing only setae, otherwise with normally enlarged
plates and 4-articulate palp, dactyl of latter stubby or
clavate and multisetose, lacking nail.
Coxae 1-4 progressively and evenly larger; coxa 1
small but not strongly hidden by following coxae; coxa
4 broad, plate-like, with weak posterodorsal excavation;
coxa 5 much shorter than coxa 4. Coxal gills on segments
2-6, [brood plates unknown]. Gnathopods feeble, grossly
alike in proportions but gnathopod 1 scarcely subchelate;
gnathopod 2 minutely parachelate, carpus elongate,
article 3 very short. Article 5 of pereopods 3-4 with large
posterior lobe and thick spines; dactyls of pereopods 36 vestigial, dactyl of pereopod 7 small; pereopods 5-7 of
similar dominance, article 2 grossly similar in expansion,
articles 4-5 broadly expanded and plate-like, bearing
facial spine groups, though weak or absent in several
places, article 6 much narrower and shorter and hanging
as appendage to apex of article 5; article 5 of pereopod
7 underslung.
Peduncles of pleopods not longer than wide, rami of
pleopods 1. and 3 extremely slender, ·with very few
articles, those of uropod 2 weakly expanded basally,
otherwise similar, with article 1 extremely elongate, only
pleopod 2 with coupling hooks; cessentially pleopod 2
dominant. All epimera distinctly developed, epimeron 3
dominant. Urosome flexed towards ventrum (on death),
urosomite 1 greatly elongate. by virtue of huge
subpeduncular .extension bearing pair of ventral teeth,
urosomites 2-3 equally short; uropods 1-2 each biramous,
136
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
rami sublanceolate (not linguiform), spinose (not- setose,
or setae, if present, very short); peduncle of uropod 3
scarcely elongate, inner ramus vestigial, outer ramus
grossly dominant, article' 2 well developed, apically
truncate, and multiarmed. Telson ordinary, slightly
longer than wide, deeply cleft.
Sexual dimorphism.. Unknown.
Relationship.. Condukius carries a mixture of
characteristics found in the Haustoriidae, Urothoidae,
Pontoporeiidae and Platyischnopidae. For example, the
rostrum resembles a primordial concept of the
platyischnopid rostrum and the following appendages and
parts are so similar to those of platyischnopids that a
widened diagnosis could admit Condukius: pereopods 57, uropods 1-3, telson, epimera, lower lip, and maxilliped
palp article 4. 'However, the following characteristics of
Condukius are foreign to' platyischnopids: the simple
gnathopod 1, the general shape of gnathopod 2, and in
most respects the parts of the mandibles, maxilla 1,
maxilliped (smaller outer plates) and pereopods 3-4.
The strange apical setae on the carpus of the
gnathopods are also characteristic of several
platyischnopids and alien to the other groups.
Condukius differs from bothUrothoidae and
Haustoriidae in the shape and spination pattern of
pereopod 5, and in the rostrum, but pereopods 3-4 have
features of the Haustoriidae. The outer plate of the
maxilliped, in its lack of thick spines, resembles that of
the Haustoriidae. Condukius differs from the
Haustoriidae in the presence of mandibular lobes on the
lower lip, the presence of maxillipedal qactyl, an
elongate telson, relatively normal spination on; uropod 2and distinctive antennae.
Condukius might be included within the Pontoporeiidae
because of resemblances' in telson, lower lip, uropods 12, and gnathopods, but differs in the rostral shape and
antenna 1.
Provisionally, Condukius may be assigned to
Platyischnopidae on the basis of rostrum and
characteristic setae of the gnathopods but segregation in
a distinct family on the basis of shapes in articles 4-5 of
pereopods 6-7 (like Haustoriidae); shape of pereopods
3-4 (like Haustoriidae); the small size and the absence of
thick spines on the outer plate of the maxilliped (like
Haustoriidae); and the unusual mixture of pleopods, is a
good alternative.
Condukius shares some of the unusual appearances
found in Cunicus, now assigned to the Urothoidae. These
similarities occur especially in antennae and mouthparts
and the slight propensity in Cunicus to the development
of a protruding rostral area; but Cunicus differs from
Condukius greatly in that (1) the head, with large
cheek, is readily identifiable with the Urothoe-like head,
and the antennae are attached at the apex of the false
rostrum, '(2) pereopod 5 is of the haustorius form and
pereopods 6-7 are of the urohaustorius form, and (3) the
rami ,of uropods 1-2 are absent, but the remaining
peduncle is lamelliform and strongly setose.
Condukius Barnard & Drummond
Figs 68J, 70F, 71A
Condukius Bamard & Drummond, 1982c: 139.
Type species.. Condukius karkan
Drummond, 1982c, original designation.
Barnard
&
Diagnosis. With the characters of the family,
especially notable being: Platyischnopid-like rostrum, thin
geniculate antennae lacking organised facial armaments,
with elongate setae, articles, 2-3 of antenna 1 elongate;
relatively ordinary mandibles, coxae and telson; feeble
gnathopodswith elongate carpus, if chelate not strongly
so; vestigial dactyls on pereopods 3-7; gross lobation on
article 5 of pereopods 3-4; evenness of pereopods 5-7,
all with expanded articles 2,4, and 5 bearing facial spines,
pereopod 5 not of the haustorius form; unusual pleopods;
ordinary uropods 1-2; niphargid-like uropod 3; flexed
urosome with greatly attenuate urosomite 1.
Species. Condukius karkan Barnard & Drummond,
1982c [782].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, Victoria, 13 m, 1
species.
[Incertae sedis]
Otagia n.gen.
Type species. Platyischnopus neozelanicus Chilton,
1897.
Diagnosis. Head platyischnopid or condukiid. Article
1 of antenna 1 stout, short, article 2 more than 1.4 times
length of article 1, article 3 short, flagella short; articles
4-5 of antenna 2 of urothoe form, slender, lacking facial
spines, with long posterior setae. [Mouthparts, coxae,
epimera and pleopods unknown].
Carpus of gnathopods dominant, elongate, slightly
swollen, heavily setose, gnathopod 1 simple, gnathopod
2 minutely chelate. Articles 4 and 6 of pereopods 3-4
slender, but article 5 on pereopod 4 slightly swollen
and bearing 7 long setae (versus pereopod 3); article 2
of pereopods 5-7 widely expanded, article 4-5
,moderately expanded, article 5 longest on pereopods 56, article 4 longest on pereopod 7, pereopod 7 shortest,
article 2 of pereopod 7 lacking notch at posteroventral
corner.
Rami ofuropods 1-2 naked marginally except for
0-1 subapical thin spine on each ramus, apices
spinose, outer rami slightly to greatly shorter, rami of
uropod 3 equal, well setose apically, article 2 of outer
ramus elongate. Telson deeply cleft, each apex with 1
spine.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Systematics.. Until head, mouthparts, coxae, pleopods
and epimera are described this genus must remain in
dubious position; however it appears to deserve a family
of its own.
Relationship.. Differing from Platyischnopidae in the
non-chelate gnathopods, diverse article 5 on pereopods
3-4, and much weaker diversity between pereopods 5
and 7.
From Condukiidae in short article 3 of antenna 1, less
produced article 5 on pereopods 3-4, presence of
inner ramus on uropod 3, but otherwise similar to
Condukiidae in antenna 2, telson, gnathopod 1 and
gnathopod 2.
Species.. Otagia neozelanica (Chilton, 1897) [776].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, New Zealand,
Otago Harbour, surface, 1 species.
Etymology.. Named for the Otago Peninsula.
COROPHIIDA Bamard & Bamard, 1983
See Corophioidea
COROPHIIDAE Dana, 1849
See Corophioidea
COROPHIOIDEA Bamard & Bamard, 1983
Diagnosis.. Telson fleshy and entire, thickly attached
at base so that movement at apex failing to move entire
telson at base.
Description.. Accessory flagellum variable; body,
coxae, urosome, gnathopods, pereopods and uropods
variable. Mouthparts basic though molar rarely reduced
and mandibular palp occasionally reduced or absent;
upper lip occasionally bilobed; inner lobes of lower lip
rarely absent, outer plates occasionally notched
(especially Ampithoidae); setosity of inner plates of
maxillae variable; maxillipeds always with large plates
and 4-articulate palp, occasionally article 2 of palp
shortened; pereopod 7 occasionally with long setae as in
fossorial families.
Remarks.. This group is divided into five families, all
found in alphabetical order but joined here temporarily
to provide a key: Ampithoidae, Cheluridae, Corophiidae
(including Ischyroceridae), Podoceridae and a subfamily
of Corophiidae, the Siphonoecetinae. Because the
practical identification of family or subfamily groups in this
conglomerate is very difficult, the Corophiidae include
Aoridae, Isaeidae, Neomegamphopidae and Photidae;
even the Ischyroceridae have become so difficult that it
has proved to be sensible to include them together with
corophiids in a single key to all taxa and then to
intermingle them with the genera of Corophiidae.
Confusion with other families having falsely
appearing fleshy telsons is handled in the master. key to
families.
The following genera have been revised by Dr A.A.
Myers in a paper on Aorinae he kindly allowed us to
utilise prior to publication (Myers, 1988). We have
appended to each of 'those genera a subsidiary diagnosis
rewritten from his diagnoses which contains new
characters or new combinations of characters distinguishing
tho~e genera from each other; we title those diagnoses
'Myers (1988) diagnosis'. The genera a~e Autonoe,
Bemlos, Globosolembos, Lemboides, Lembos,
Meridiolembos, Microdeutopus, Paramicrodeutopus,
Plesiolembos, Protolembos and Tethylembos.
Key to Groups of Corophioidea
(Referring only to males when not specified)
1.
Uropods 1-3 large and diverse and attached to box-like
urosome, uropod 1 linear and almost normal, uropod 2
with inflated peduncle, uropod 3 large, paddle-shaped,
inner ramus reduced or absent
- - Uropod 1 ordinary, linear,
uropod 3 if present small
2.
- - Urosomite 1 ordinary
Cheluridae
uropod 2 if present linear,
Urosomite 1 elongate (Fig.119A)
137
_
~
2
Podoceridae
~! •••••••••••••••••••••••.~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3
138
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
3.
Outer lobes of lower lip notched or outer ramus of
uropod 3 with 2 large spines
Ampithoidae
- - Outer lobes of lower lip entire or outer ramus of
uropod 3, if present, lacking precisely 2 large spines
4
4.
Article 5 of pereopods 3-6 short, reniform, covered
with cuticular scales, article 4 on pereopods 3-4
greatly dilated and partially enveloping article 5,
mandibular palp 1 to 2-articulate
Siphonoectinae
- - Article 5 of fewer than pereopods 3-6 short and
reniform or no pereopod with shortened and reniform
article 5
Corophiidae and Ischyroceridae
There are two master keys to this group; they refer only,. to males unless
specified. Duplicate citation of genera occurs occasionally.
Master Key 1 to Genera of Corophiidae-Ischyroceridae
1.
Uropod 3 with 0-1 ramus
2
~
- - Uropod 3 with 2 rami
2.
Key 2
Uropod 2 absent or with 0-1 ramus
3
- - U'ropod 2 with 2 rami
3.
11
Male gnathopod 2 carpochelate
4
- - Male gnathopod 2 not carpochelate
6
4.
Coxa 5 of female not extremely wide ....•................................................. .................... Cerapus
- - Coxa 5 of female extremely wide (Fig.44J)
5.
Coxa 5 lacking dense setae,
of pereopod 4 not elongate
telson narrow,
5
article 4
- - Coxa 5 with dense setae, telson wide, article 4 of
pereopod 4 elongate
6.
Male gnathopod 1 carpochelate
- - Male gnathopod 1 not carpochelate
7.
Baracuma
Runanga
Chevreuxius
7
Article 5 of pereopod 5 either small, .lunate or
reniform, or enveloped by article 4, telson broad and
with many denticles ~
8
-'-'- Article 5 of pereopod 5 not' small-Iunate-reniform, not
enveloped by article 4, telson broad, not denticulate
9
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
8.
Article 5 of pereopods 3-4 lunate and enveloped by
article 4, mandibular palp 1 to 2-articulate, article 3
rectolinear, gnathopod 2 not carpochelate
Siphonoectinae
- - Article 5 of pereopods 3-4 not enveloped by article 4,
mandibular palp 3-articulate, article 3 clavate, male
gnathopod 2 carpochelate
Cerapus
9.
Rami of uropod 2 absent, coxae 2-4 large and
overlapping, gnathopod 1 thin and simple
Kuphocheira
- - Rami of uropod 2 present, coxae 2-4 small and
discontiguous, gnathopod 1 stout and subchelate
10
10.
Rami of uropod 3 absent, article 2 of pereopods 3-7
with spur
Uncinotarsus
- - Rami of uropod 3 present, article 2 of pereopods 3-7
lacking spur
Pseudunciola
11.
Inner ramus of uropod 2 vestigial
- - Inner, ramus of uropod 2 well developed
12.
12
15
Peduncle of male antenna 2 sculptured, epimeron 3
with tooth, gnathopod 1 very large, gnathopod 2 feeble,
ramus of uropod 3 absent or vestigial, not hooked,
article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than article 1
13
- - Peduncle of male antenna 2 not sculptured, epimeron 3
lacking tooth, gnathopod 1 not larger than 2, latter not
feeble, ramus of uropod 3 short, recurved, bearing
thorns, article 3 of antenna 1 longer than article 1
14
- - Peduncle of male antenna 2 occasionally sculptured,
epimeron 3 lacking tooth, gnathopod· 2 larger than 1,
not feeble, ramus of uropod 3 if present not recurved,
lacking thorns, article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than
article 1 [article 5 of pereopods 3-6 stunted] •................................................... Siphonoectinae
13.
Ramus of uropod 3 vestigial, inner ramus of uropod 1
ordinary, accessory flagellum 1 to 2-articulate
Pedicorophium
- - Ramus of uropod 3 absent, inner ramus of uropod 1
vestigial, accessory flagellum a scale
Rildardanus
14.
Mandibular palp article 3 rectolinear, male gnathopod 2
poorly carpochelate, form of gnathopod 1 like
gnathopod 2
~
Pseuderichthonius
- - Mandibular palp article 3 clavate, male gnathopod 2
strongly carpochelate, form of gnathopod 1 distinct ·from
gnathopod 2
Ericthonius
15.
Articles 4-5 of gnathopod 2 appositional or article 4
forming long pincer lobe
- - Articles 4-5 of gnathopod 2 ordinary
16
! .••••••.••
18
139
140
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
16.
Male gnathopod 1 carpochelate, ramus of uropod 3
very long, much longer than peduncle
Grandidierella
- - Male gnathopod 1 subchelate, ramus of uropod 3
equal to or slightly longer than peduncle
17
17.
Coxae small and discontiguous, terminal article of
mandibular palp rectolinear, article 4 of gnathopod 2
fused to article 5
Corophium
- - Coxae large and overlapping, terminal article of
mandibular palp clavate, article 4 of gnathopod 2
extended as lobe away from article 5
Stenocorophium
18.
Male gnathopod 2 carpochelate, ramus of uropod 3
hooked
- - Male gnathopod·2 not carpochelate,
3 not hooked
19.
ramus of uropod
19
Ramus of uropod 3 absent
:2()
- - Ramus of uropod 3 present
20.
21
Articles 4-6 of pereopods 3-4 ordinary,
flagellum 3-articulate
accessory
- - Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 elongate, articles 5-6
stunted, accessory flagellum vestigial
21.
Ericthonius
Liocuna
Ritaumius
Article 5 of pereopods 3-5 stunted, mandibular palp 1
to 2-articulate
Siphonoecetinae
- - Article 5 of pereopods 3-5 ordinary, mandibular palp
3-articulate
22.
22.
23
Coxae very small and disjunct
- - Coxae medium to large, contiguous or overlapping
23.
Z7
Male gnathopod 1 grossly larger than gnathopod 2,
latter feeble (parachelate), article 5 of gnathopod 1
short
24
- - Male gnathopod 1 not much larger than gnathopod 2,
latter not feeble relative to gnathopod 1, article 5 of
gnathopodl as long as 6 or longer
25
24.
Epimeron 3 with tooth, coxae angular, article 3 of
mandibular palp shorter than 2
Unciola
- - Epimeron 3 lacking tooth, coxae not angular, article 3
of mandibular palp longer than 2
Pterunciola
<
25.
Coxae angular, article 3 of mandibular palp rectolinear,
peduncle of uropod 3 not dilated medially
Neohela
- - Coxae not angular, article 3 of mandibular palp clavate
or falciform, peduncle of uropod 3 not dilated medially
26
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
26.
Accessory flagellum absent, urosome without teeth,
article 2 of gnathopod 1 lacking plate, uropod 1 lacking
spur
Janice
- - Accessory flagellum 1 to 3-articulate, urosome with
teeth, article 2 of gnathopod 1 with toothed plate,
uropod 1 with spur
Unciolella
27.
Article 5 of male gnathopod 2 elongate, as long as
article 6
~
- - Article 5 of male gnathopod 2 short
28.
28
30
Accessory flagellum 3+articulate, inner plate of maxilla 1
with 6+ setae
Parunciola
- - Accessory flagellum absent, inner plate of maxilla 1
with 0-2 setae
~
'2!:)
29.
Article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than article 1, article 3
of mandibular palp rectolinear, longer than article 2,
ramus of uropod 3 with article 2
Paraoroides
- - Article 3 of antenna 1 equal to or longer than article 1,
article 3 of mandibular palp clavate, shorter than article
2, ramus of uropod 3 I-articulate (ocular lobes almost
stalked)
:
Ampelisciphotis
30.
Some urosomites
propodochelate
coalesced,
male
gnathopod
1
"
- - Urosomites free, male gnathopod 1 .subchelate
31.
31
32
Urosomites 1-2 coalesced, peduncle of uropod 3
expanded medially, mandibular palp article 3 rectolinear
Kamaka
- - Urosomites 2-3 coalesced, peduncle of uropod 3 not
expanded medially, mandibular palp article 3 clavate
Rakiroa
32.
Article 3 of antenna 1 as long as article 1, inner plate
of maxilla 1 with 0-1 seta, accessory flagellum absent,
pereopod 5 with large palmar spine
~
~ 33
- - Article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than "article 1, inner plate
of maxilla 1 with 5+ setae, accessory flagellum
2-articulate, pereopod 5 ordinary
35
33.
Single ramus of uropod 3 curved
Dercothoe
- - Neither ramus of uropod 3 curved
34.
34-
Uropod 2 with spur, dactyl of pereopod 5 lacking tooth
Microphotis
- - l]ropod 2 lacking spur, dactyl of pereopod 5 with tooth
Photis
35.
Ramus of uropod 3 longer than peduncle,
coxae ordinary, article 3 of antenna 1 short
anterior
- - Ramus of uropod 3 shorter than peduncle, anterior
coxae short and diverse, article 3 of antenna 1 elongate
Microprotopus
;
Cheiriphotis
141
142
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Key 2 to Genera of Corophiidae-Ischyroceridae
1.
Male gnathopod 2 merochelate,
projecting at angle to article 5
chela-like thumb
2
- - Male gnathopod 2 not merochelate
2.
3
Outer plate of maxilliped with 1 set of medial
armaments, both rami of uropod 3 shorter than
peduncle
Paracorophium
- - Outer plate of maxilliped with 2 sets of medial
armaments, one ramus of uropod 3 longer than
peduncle
Chaetocorophium
3.
Male gnathopod
grossly merochelate
4
- - Male gnathopod 1 weakly merochelate or not
7
4.
5
Gnathopod 2 enlarged, equal to or larger than 1
- - Gnathopod 2 much more slender than gnathopod 1
5.
Male coxa 1 immense, gnathopod 2 carpochelate,
accessory flagellum 1.25-articulate
- - Male coxa 1 ordinary, gnathopod 2 ordinary, accessory
flagellum 3 to 4-articulate
6~
6
~
Columbaora
Aorella
Accessory flagellum 2+articulate, mandibular palp article
3 semifalcate
Aora
- - Accessory flagellum absent, mandibular palp article 3
rectolinear
Aoroides
7.
Male gnathopod 1 carpochelate
8
- - Male gnathopod 1 not carpochelate
17
8.
Male gnathopod 2 as large as gnathopod 1
9
- - Male gnathopod 2 not as large as gnathopod 1 .............................................................•...... 10
9.
Mandibular palp article 3 clavate, inner ramus of
uropod 3 as long as outer ramus, article 3 of antenna
1 as long as article 1
Amphideutopus
- - Mandibular palp article 3 rectolinear, inner ramus·· of
uropod 3 shorter than outer ramus, article 3 of
antenna 1 shorter than article 1
Zoedeutopus
10. Article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than article 1
11
--_.. Article 3 of antenna 1 equal to or longer than article 1
15
11. Inner ramus of uropod 3 shortened
- - Inner ramus of uropod 3 as long as outer ramus
Acuminodeutopus
12
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
12.
Mandibular palp article 3 rectolinear,
gnathopod 1 vestigial
carpochela of
Rudilemboides
- - Mandibular palp article 3 semifalcate, carpochela of
gnathopod 1 well developed
13.
Female gnathopod 1 like that of male gnathopod 1
Hansenella
- - Female gnathopod 1 small
14.
15.
14
Left molar with secondary to quaternary plates present
- - Left molar with secondary plate reduced,
quaternary plates missing
Coxa
Paramicrodeutopus
and article 2 of gnathopod 1 broadly expanded
Inner ramus of uropod 3 significantly shortened
Coxae tiny and disjunct
- - Coxae large and overlapping
19.
Article 3 of antenna 1 at least as long as or longer
than article 1
- - Article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than article 1
20.
Pereopods prehensile
Neomegamphopus
2
- - Inner ramus of uropod 3 not shortened
18.
Konatopus
16
Accessory flagellum 1.25-articulate, gnathopod 2 simple,
inner plate of maxilla 1 with 2 setae
- - Accessory flagellum
8+articulate,
gnathopod
subchelate, inner plate of maxilla 1 with 6 setae
17.
Microdeutopus, Lembos
tertiary and
- - Coxa 1 and article 2 of gnathopod 1 ordinary
16.
13
Maragopsis
18
30
Camacho
19
:2()
24
Pagurisaea
- - Pereopods simple
21
21.
Male gnathopod 2 propodochelate
22
- - Male gnathopod 2 not propodochelate
23
22.
Coxae 1 or 4 or both shortened ......................•......................................................... Microjassa
- - Coxae 1 or 4 elongate
23.
Cerapopsis
Accessory flagellum 3-articulate, dactyl of maxilliped
stubby, pereopod 5 lacking giant spine on palm or
tooth on dactyl .......................................................•...................................................... Posophotis
-_. Accessory flagellum absent, dactyl of maxilliped
unguiform, pereopod 5 with large spine on palm and
tooth on dactyl ........................................................•................................................... ......... Photis
143
144
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
24.
Article 5 of gnathopod 2 very short, less than half as
long as article 6
25
- - Article 5 of gnathopod 2 longer than article 6
25.
Uropod 3 ordinary, peduncle cylindrical,
almost as long as peduncle
26
one ramus
Pareurystheus
-,- Uropod 3 tiny, peduncle flat, rami much shorter than
peduncle
Cheiriphotis
26.
Haplocheira
Gnathopod 1 simple
- - Gnathopod 1 subchelate
27.
Z7
Gnathopod 1 much larger than gnathopod 2, (palm of
gnathopod 1 transverse)
Anonychocheirus
- - Gnathopod 1 not larger than gnathopod 2
28.
28
Article 2 of gnathopod 2 not densely setose
Cheirimedeia
- - Article 2 of gnathopod 2 densely setose (filtrative)
29.
29
Uropods 1-2 lacking spur, rami with long setae
Goesia
- - Uropods 1-2 with spur, rami with short stout spines
30~
Leptocheirus
Carpus (Article 5) on both gnathopods 1-2 almost equal
to or longer than propodus (article 6)
Key 3
- - Carpus (Article 5) on one or both pairs of gnathopods
very much shorter than propodus (article 6)
Key 4
Key 3 to Genera of Corophiidae-Ischyroceridae
1.
Rami of uropod 3 tiny, much shorter than peduncle,
basally disjunct
Dryopoides
- - Rami of uropod 3 not tiny nor basally disjunct
2
2.
Article 3 of antenna 1 equal to or longer than article 1
3
- - Article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than article 1 (these
genera usually with very setose gnathopods)
4
3.
Antenna 2 weakly recessed into head, mandibular palp
very ·thin, gnathopods not sculptured
Aorcho
- - Antenna 2 deeply recessed into head, mandibular palp
thick, gnathopods slightly sculptured
Ledoyerella
4.
.Carpus of gnathopods 1-2 inflated and thicker than
propodus, latter short, rectangular
- - Carpus of gnathopods 1-2 not inflated, not thicker than
propodus, latter not short or rectangular
Lemboides
~
5
Bamard & Kararnan: Marine Garnrnaridean Arnphipoda
5.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 multisetose medially
6
- - Inner plate of maxilla 1 with 0-1 seta medially
6.
7
Article 5 of pereopods 3-4 slightly inserted into article 4,
latter slightly enveloping article 5 by lobation (very
subtle)
Cheirimedeia
- - Articles 4-5 of pereopods 3-4 ordinary
7.
Protomedeia
Coxae 2-4 much longer than broad
8
- - Coxae 2-4 short and quadrangular
8.
9
Rami of uropods 1-2 with setae
Goesia
~
- - Rami of uropods 1-2 lacking setae
9.
Leptocheirus
Gnathopod 2 immensely setose (often articles 4-5
apposed and elongate or article 2 densely setose)
Xenocheira
- - Gnathopod 2 strongly setose
10
10. Left molar with oblique lamellae extending across half of
molar from marginal lappet
Tethylembos
- - Left molar without'lappets, with plates
11
11. Left molar with primary plate asymmetrical, rounded
Meridiolembos
~
- - Left molar with primary plate triangular
12. Anterior margin of maxilliped with wing-like flanges
12
Lembos
_._.- Anterior margin of maxilliped without wing-like flanges
Autonoe
Key 4 to Genera of Corophiidae-Ischyroceridae
1.
Coxae very small and discontiguous
2
- - Coxae neither small nor discontiguous
2.
Coxae slightly angular, gnathopod 1 enlarged, rami of
uropod 3 tiny
- - Coxae not angular,
uropod 3 not tiny
3.
4
Paradryope
gnathopod 1 not enlarged, rami of
3
Urosomites 1-2 coalesced, inner plate of maxilla 1
multisetose
Chevalia
Bogen!elsta
_.._ - Urosomites 1~2 free, inner plate of maxilla 1 with 1 seta
4.
Pereopods prehensile
- - Pereopods not prehensile
"
5
~
~
,•......... 6
145
146
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
5.
Rami of uropod 3 longer than peduncle, not hooked
- - Rami of uropod 3 much
hooked and denticulate
6.
! saea
shorter than peduncle, outer
/saeopsis
Article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than article 1
7
- - Article 3 of antenna 1 equal to or longer than article 1
7.
14
Gnathopods 1-2 small, alike, palms transverse
Paraneohela
- - Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, some palms oblique
8
8.
Ocular lobes bilobed, outer lobes of lower lip
notched, outer plate of maxilliped short, reaching
less than halfway along article 2 of palp
Arctolembos
- - Ocular lobes simple, outer lobes of lower lip simple,
outer plate of maxilliped not short
9
9.
Male and female gnathopod 1 enlarged equally
see Amphithoides)
(and
Globosolembos
- - Male gnathopod 1 stouter than female gnathopod 1
10
10. Peduncle of uropod 3 elongate, poorly expanded
, Xenocheira, Lembos
--Peduncle of uropod 3 short, expanded
11
11. Article 3 of mandibular palp with setae of 2 lengths,
terminal setae longer
~
12
--Article 3 of mandibular palp with setae otherwise
13
12. Maxillipeds with wing-like flanges
--Maxilliped~
Protolembos
without· wing-like flanges
Bemlos
13. Left molar with primary plate asymmetrical, rounded
Meridiolembos
- - Left molar with primary plate falcate
Plesiolembos
14. Gnathopod 1 larger than 2
15
- - Gnathopod
not larger than 2
16
15. Gnathopod
propodochelate, with only 6 articles
Varohios
- - Gnathopod 1 subchelate, with 7 articles
Aloiloi
16. Article 5 of gnathopod 1 significantly shorter than
article 6
17
- - Article 5 of gnathopod 1 longer than or equal to
article 6
21
17. Article 2 of pereopods 5-7
rectolinear~
- - Article 2 of pereopods 5-7 expanded
~
~
Bonnierella
18
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
18.
Palm of male gnathopod 2 with large thumb
19
- - Palm of male gnathopod 2 lacking large thumb
19.
Coxae
- - Coxae
20.
21
and 5 strongly shortened
Microjassa
and 5 not strongly shortened
:2()
Accessory flagellum 2+articulate
Jassa
- - Accessory flagellum vestigial, scale-like
21.
Parajassa
Outer ramus of uropod 3 distally hooked or curved
22
- - Outer ramus of uropod 3 straight
22.
24
Outer ramus of uropod 3 with long wire-like setae
Ventojassa
- - Outer .ramus of uropod 3 lacking long wire-like setae
23.
23
Article 3 of mandibular palp rectolinear, carpus of
gnathopod 1 elongate, unlobed, accessory flagellum
I-articulate
Pseudischyrocerus
- - Article 3 of mandibular palp clavate, carpus of
gnathopod 1 ordinary, lobed, accessory flagellum
2+articulate
Ischyrocerus
24.
Flagellum of antenna 2 paddle-shaped, gnathopod 2
propodochelate
Audulla
- - Flagellum of antenna 2 ordinary, gnathopod 2 subchelate
25
25.
~
Coxae 3-4 very large
n
- - Coxae 3-4 ordinary
26.
Article 3 of mandibular palp rectolinear, dactyl of
maxilliped unguiform
- - Article 3 of mandibular palp clavate, dactyl of maxilliped
stubby
27.
Bathyphotis
-.
Article 2 of male gnathopod 1 dilated
- - Article 2 of male gnathopod 1 not dilated
Posophotis
Aorchoides
~
Gammaropsis
Master Key 2 to Genera of Corophiidae-Ischyroceridae
1.
Articles 4-5 of gnathopod 2 contiguous in form seen in
Corophium
~.~ .. ~
- - Articles 4-5 of
exaggerated form
gnathopod 2
"
not
.
contiguous in
7
147
148
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
2.
Article 4 of gnathopod 2 extended erectly as
divergent from article 5
chela
3
- - Article 4 of gnathopod 2 not divergent
3.
5
Uropod 3 with 1 ramus, gnathopod 1 with only 6
articles, last 2 articles spine-like
Stenocorophium
- - Uropod 3 with 2 rami, gnathopod 1 with 7 articles, last
2 articles ordinary
4
4.
Outer ramus of uropod 3 much longer than peduncle,
outer plate of maxilliped with 2 rows of setae along
medial edge
Chaetocorophium
- - Outer ramus of uropod 3 much shorter than peduncle,
outer plate of maxilliped with 1 row of setae along
medial edge
Paracorophium
5.
Uropod 3 with 2 rami, article 3 of mandibular palp
semifalcate (and see Key 4 couplet 9)
Xenocheira
- - Uropod 3 with 1 ramus, article 3 of mandibular palp
rectolinear
6
6.
Male gnathopod 1 carpochelate, mandibular palp with
3 well-developed articles
- - Male gnathopod 1 not carpochelate, mandibular palp
with 1-2 weak articles
7.
Grandidierella
·
Cdrophium
Article 3 of antenna 1 longer than article 1
Key 5
- - Article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than article 1
8
8.
9
Male gnathopod 1 carpochelate
_..- Male gnathopod 1 not carpochelate
9.
.
Inner ramus of uropod 2 absent
Chevreuxius
- - Inner ramus of uropod 2 present
10
10. Uropod 3 with 1 ramus
Grandidierella
- - Uropod 3 with 2 ·rami
11. Inner ramus of uropod 3 much
ramus
11
shorter than
outer
12
--Inner ramus of uropod 3 as long as outer ramus
12. GIlath(){J()d 2 as large as gnatho:pod
carpochelate
- - Gnathoppd 2 feeble, not carpochelate
1,
13
weakly
Zoedeutopus
Acuminodeutopus
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
13. Propodus of gnathopod 1 'usually' larger than carpus
(and see key 3 couplet 9, key 4 couplet 9)
Lembos
- - Propodus of gnathopod 1 'usually' smaller than carpus
(and see key 2, couplet 14)
Hansenella, Microdeutopus
14. Article 5 of pereopod 5 short,
lobes of article 4
lunate,
enveloped by
15
- - Articles 4-5 of pereopod 5 ordinary
15. Article 5 of
subcryptic
pereopods
16
3-4 obsolescent,
lunate,
Siphonoecetinae
- - Article 5 of pereopods 3-4 ordinary
Cerapus
16. Uropod 3 with 2 rami
Key 6
- - Uropod 3 without rami
17
-.- Uropod 3 with one ramus
:2{)
17. Uropod 2 ordinary
,
- - Uropod 2 with inner ramus reduced or absent
19
18. Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 elongate, articles 5-6 very
short, accessory flagellum vestigial
- - Articles 4-6 of pereopods
flagellum 3+articulate
3-4 ordinary,
Liocuna
- - Inner ramus of uropod 2 vestigial,
pereopods 3-7 lacking spur
21.
Uncinotarsus
article 2 of
Gnathopod 1 very large and gnathopod 2 feeble
- - Gnathopod 2
feeble
Ritaumius
accessory
19. Inner ramus of uropod 2 absent, article 2 of pereopods
3-7 with spur
20.
18
Rildardanus
21
dominant or not feeble or gnathopod 1
24
Inner ramus of uropod 2 ordinary
22.
- - Inner ramus of uropod 2 reduced or absent
23
22. Epimeron 3 with tooth, article 3 of mandibular palp
shorter than article 2, :
Unciola
- - Epimeron 3 lacking tooth, article 3 of mandibular palp
,
longer th~n article ,2
Pterunciola
23.
Inner ramus ··of utopod 2 absent,
moderately developed
- - Inner ramus of uropod 2 vestigial,
vestigial
ramus of uropod.3
"
Pseudunciola
ramus of uropod 3
Pedicorophium
149
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Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
24. Some coxae disjunct and tiny
25
- - Coxae medium to large, contiguous or overlapping
2fj
25. Urosome smooth, uropod 1 lacking spur
Janice
- - Urosome toothed, uropod 1 with spur
Unciolella
26. Gnathopods 1-2 essentially simple, rami of uropod 2
absent
Kuphocheira
- - Gnathopods subchelate, rami of uropod 2 present
2J
27. Some urosomites fused together
28
- - Urosomites free
'2:)
28. Urosomites 1-2 fused, telson and urosome fused,
mandibular palp article 3 rectolinear
Kamaka
- - Urosomites 2-3 fused, telson free, mandibular palp
article 3 clavate
Rakiroa
29. Article 5 of gnathopod 2 elongate, unlobed, mandibular
palp article 3 longest
Paraoroides
- - Article 5 of gnathopod 2 short, lobate, mandibular palp
article 3 shorter than article 2
30. Coxae 1-4 diverse, rami of uropod 3 minute
- - Coxae 1-4 uniformly incremented in
alike, rami of uropod 3 elongate
size,
:3()
Cheiriphotis
shapes
Microprotopus
Key 5 to Genera of Corophiidae-Ischyroceridae
(Article 3 of antenna 1 equal to or longer than article 1)
1.
Uropod 3 with 1 ramus
- - Uropod 3 with 2 rami
2.
Gnathopod 2 carpochelate, telson with many denticles
2
13
3
- - Gnathopod 2 not carpochelate, telson lacking many
denticles
7
3.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 multisetose
4
- - Inner plate of maxilla 1 with 1 seta
5
4.
Mandibular palp article 3 clavate,. uropod .1 ordinary,
(inner ramus of uropod 2 often reduced or absent)
Ericthonius
- - Mandibular palp article 3 rectolinear, inner ramus of
ufopod 1 vestigial, (inner,ramus of uropod 2 vestigial)
Pseuderichthonius
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
5.
Coxa 5 not widened in female ..................................................................•.................... Cerapus
- - Coxa 5 grossly widened especially in female
6.
6
Coxa 5 lacking dense setae, telson narrow,
pereopod 4 elongate
article 4 of
- - Coxa 5 bearing dense setae, telson wide,
pereopod 4 not elongate
article 4 of
7.
Gnathopod
- - Gnathopod
8.
Baracuma
Runanga
much larger than gnathopod 2
Unciola
not larger than gnathopod 2
8
Coxae tiny, spiniform or angular, almost disjunct
~
Neohela
- - Coxae large, smooth, overlapping
9.
9
Accessory flagellum 3-articulate, inner plate of maxilla 1
multisetose
10
- - Accessory flagellum absent, inner plate of maxilla 1 with
0-2 setae
11
10.
Carpus of gnathopod 2 short and lobate
?Dercothoe
- - Carpus of gnathopod 2 elongate, unlobed
11.
Parunciola
~
Gnathopod 2 small, article 5 elongate
Gnathopod 2 enlarged, article 5 short
12.
Ampelisciphotis
'
12
Uropod
with spur, dactyl of pereopod 5 lacking cusp
Microphotis
- '- Uropod
lacking spur, dactyl of pereopod 5 with cusp
Photis
13.
Pereopod 5 subprehensile,
with large spine
dactyl with cusp and palm
Photis
- - Pereopod 5 simple, dactyl simple, large spine absent
14
14.
15
Carpus of gnathopod 1 much shorter than propodus
- - Carpus of gnathopod
15.
not much shorter than propodus
Gnathopod 1 larger than gnathopod 2,
ischyrocerid form
,
uropod 3 not of
- - Gnathopod 1 not larger than gnathopod 2,
ischyrocerid form
16.
Rami of
urop,~d
3 minute
===- Ra..mi of uropod 3 ordinary
17.
Gnathopod 1 propodochelate, with 6 articles
- - Gnathopod 1 subchelate, with 7 articles
22
,
uropod 3 of
'
16
.;'
18
Paradryope
17
Varohios
Aloiloi
151
152
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
18. Gnathopod 2 with thumb
19
- - Gnathopod 2 lacking thumb
! •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
19. Coxa 5 very short, outer plate of maxilliped poorly
armed
Microjassa
- - Coxa 5 long, outer plate of maxilliped well armed
20
20. Accessory flagellum 2+articulate
Jassa
- - Accessory flagellum vestigial
Parajassa
21. Article 2 of pereopods 5-7 rectolinear
Bonnierella
--Article 2 of pereopods 5-7 expanded
---
21
/schyrocerus
22. Pereopods 3-7 prehensile
23
- - Pereopods 3-7 simple
24
ll.-GIlathopOO~-gr-Qssl7'---par-achclare,-inn€I-~plat~-ma-xil-+.t'lal----------------------
1 without setae
Pagurisaea
- - Gnathopod 2 subchelate, inner plate of maxilla 1 with
3-4 setae
:
/saea
24. Gnathopod 2 chelate
25
- - Gnathopod 2 not chelate
·26
25. Inner ramus of uropod 3 vestigial, antenna 2 ordinary
- - Inner ramus of uropod 3 well
with paddle-shaped flagellum
~eveloped,
Cerapopsis
antenna 2
Audulla
26. Coxae tiny and disjunct
Bogenfelsia
- - Coxae moderate and overlapping or contiguous
Z7
27. Gnathopod
carpochelate
28
- - Gnathopod
not carpochelate
31
28. Gnathopod 2 as large as gnathopod 1
Amphideutopus
- - Gnathopod 2 feeble
':2f)
29. Coxa
and article 2 of gnathopod 1 expanded
- - Coxa
and article 2 of gnathopod
not expanded
30. Accessory flagellum 2-articulate, gnathopod 2 subchelate
- - Accessory flagellum 8 to 9-articulate, gnathopod 2
simple
,
31.
Mandibular palp article 3 rectolinear
-"'- Mandibular palp article 3 clavate
Konatopus
30
!
Neomegamphopus
Maragopsis
32
:34-
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
32.
Gnathopods 1-2 small, of equal size
Aorcho
- - Gnathopod 2 much larger than 1
33.
33
Outer ramus of uropod 3 distally hooked
Pseudischyrocerus
- - Outer ramus of uropod 3 straight
Bathyphotis
Article 2 of gnathopod 1 inflated
Aorchoides
34.
Article 2 of gnathopod 1 not inflated
35.
35
Outer ramus of uropod 3 distally hooked
Ventojassa
- - Outer ramus of uropod 3 straight
36.
:3()
Gnathopods 1-2 of same medium size
Ledoyerella
- - Gnathopod 2 larger than 1, weakly or strongly
37.
37
Coxae very long, dactyl of maxillipedal palp stubby
Posophotis
- - Coxae of medium length, dactyl of maxillipedal·palp
unguiform
Gammaropsis
Key 6 of Genera of Corophiidae-Ischyroceridae
(Article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than article 1, uropod 3 with 2 rami)
1.
Gnathopod
- - Gnathopod
2.
grossly merochelate
2
not grossly merochelate
5
Gnathopod 2 carpochelate
Aorella
- - Gnathopod 2 not carpochelate
3.
3
Accessory flagellum absent, mandibular palp article 3
rectolinear
Aoroides
- - Accessory flagellum 2+articulate, mandibular palp article 3
semifalcate ...................................................................................................•................................. 4
4.
Gnathopod 2 enlarged
Columbaora
- - Gnathopod 2 feeble
5.
Gnathop.od 1 carpochelate
Aora
p
- - Gnathopod 1 not carpochelate
6.
Rami of uropod 3 subequally long
- - Inner ramus of uropod 3 reduced
' •• ;."""""" ••
'
,
~.~".",, ••• ~
6,
9
'
7
8
153
154
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Female gnathopod 1 as large as male gnathopod 1,
carpochelate
Hansenella
- - Female gnathopod 1 much smaller than male gnathopod
1 and not carpochelate
Microdeutopus
7.
8.
Gnathopod 2 large and carpochelate
- - Gnathopod 2 feeble, not carpochelate
9.
Coxae discontiguous
- - Coxae contiguous or overlapping
10.
Zoedeutopus
Acuminodeutopus
10
11
Urosomites 1-2 coalesced, inner ramus of uropod 3
well developed, mandibular palp article 3 clavate
Chevalia
- - Urosomites free, inner ramus of uropod 3 shortened,
mandibular palp article 3 semifalcate
Camacho
11.
Isaeopsis
Pereopods prehensile
- - Pereopods simple
12.
Both rami of. uropod 3 less than half as long as
peduncle
~ •...................................................................................................................... 13
- - At least one ramus of uropod 3 as long as peduncle
13.
Article 5 of gnathopod 2 very short, lobate
- - Article 5 of gnathopod 2 long, not lobate
14.
Article 5 of gnathopod 1 much stouter and longer than
article 6
- - Article 5 of gnathopod 1 not stouter than article 6
15.
Gnathopod 2 feeble
- - Gnathopod 2 as large as gnathopod 1
16.
Article 5 of gnathopod 2 less than half as long as
article 6
- - Article 5 of gnathopod 2 longer than half of article 6
17.
Well known, see diagnosis
Poorly known
18.
12
Inner plate of maxilla 1 multisetose
14
Cheiriphotis
Dryopoides
15
16
Rudilemboides
Lemboides
17
18
Pareurystheus
Paraneohela
19
- - Inner plate of maxilla 1 with 0-1 seta
22.
19.. Mandibular palp article 3 rectolinear
20
- - Mandibular palp article 3 clavate
21
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
20.
Gnathopod 1 larger than 2, both with transverse palms
- - Gnathopods 1-2 alike, slender, simple
21
Haplocheirus
Articles 4-5 of pereopods 3-4 not minutely telescoped .................................•...... Protomedeia
- - Article 5 minutely telescoped into article 4 of pereopods
3-4 (subtle)
22.
Anonychocheirus
Cheirimedeia
Rami of uropods 1-2 setose
Goesia
- - Rami of uropods 1-2 lacking setae
23.
Coxae 2-4 very large
- - Coxae 2-4 ordinary
24.
23
L·eptocheirus
~
24
Ocular lobes bilobed, outer lobes of lower lip notched,
outer plate of .maxilliped reaching only halfway along
palp article 2
Arctolembos
- - Ocular lobes and lower lip simple, outer plate of
maxilliped reaching almost to apex of palp article 2
25.
H
25
Female gnathopod 1 as large as male gnathopod ·1 (and
see key 4 couplet 9) (see Amphithoides)
Globosolembos
- - Female gnathopod 1 much smaller than male gnathopod 1
26
26.
Articles 4-5 of gnathopod 2 either of corophiid
appositional form or article 2 filtratively setose or
gnathopod 1 also appositional and filtrative
- - Weakly merging to Xenocheira
Xenocheira
Lembos
Special Key 7 to Genera of Corophiidae-Ischyroceridae
(Restricted to taxa with any gnathopod carpochelate)
1.
Only gnathopod 2 carpochelate (usually telson with
denticles, coxae tiny, disjunct, uropod 3 tiny, with one
vestigial hooked. ramus)
- - Only gnathopod 1 carpochelate
- - Both gnathopods 1-2 carpochelate
2.
Uropod 3 with 2 rami, telson not denticulate (uropod 2
with 2 rami)
2
7
17
Zoe·deutopus
- - Uropod 3 with tiny hooked ramus, telson denticulate,
(uropod 2 with 1-2
3.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 multisetose, coxa 5 not elongate,
(uropod 2 with .2 rami)
4
- '- Inner plate of maxilla 1 with 1 seta, coxa 5 elongate,
(uropod 2 with 1 ramus)
5
155
156
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
4.
Mandibular palp article 3 rectolinear
Pseuderichthonius
--Mandibular palp article 3 clavate
5.
,
Coxa 5 not widened especially in female
'
--Coxa 5 broadly widened especially in female
6.
Ericthonius
Cerapus
6
Coxa 5 lacking dense setae, telson narrow, article 4 of
pereopod 4 not elongate
Baracuma
--Coxa 5 with dense setae, telson wide, article 4 of
pereopod 4 elongate
Runanga
7.
Article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than article 1
8
--Article 3 of antenna 1 equal to or longer than article 1
8.
Uropod 3 with 1 ramus
9
--Uropod 3 with 2 rami
9.
13
10
Uropod 2 with 1 ramus
C hevreuxius
--Uropod 2 with 2 rami
Grandidierella
10. Rami of uropod 3 subequally long
11
--Inner ramus of uropod 3 shortened
12
11. Female gnathopod 1 as large as male gnathopod 1
--Female gnathopod 1
gnathopod 1
much
smaller
Hansenella
than male
12. Gnathopod 2 feeble, not carpochelate
--Gnathopod 2 enlarged, carpochelate
Microdeutopus
Acuminodeutopus
Zoedeutopus
13. Uropod 3 with single small hooked ramus ..................•................................ Pseuderichthonius
--Uropod 3 with 2 unhooked rami
14. Gnathopod 2 enlarged, as thick as gnathopod 1
14
Amphideutopus
-'-Gnathopod 2 feeble
15
15. Gnathopod 2 simple
Neomegamphopus
--Gnathopod 2 subchelate
16. Coxa 1 and article 2 of gnathopod 1 dilated
--Coxa 1 and article 2 of gnathopod 1 ordinary
16
Konatopus
Maragopsis
17. Article: 2'of antenna 1 shorter than article 1, ipner
ramus of uropod 2 normal, uropod 3 with 2 rami,
inner 'reduced
Zoedeutopus
--Article 2 of antenna 1 longer than article 1, inner
ramus of uropod 2 vestigial, uropod 3 with 1 small
hooked ramus
Pseuderichthonius
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Special Key 8 to Genera of Corophiidae-Ischyroceridae
(Article 5 of one or more of pereopods 3-6 short, lunate, partially enveloped by article 4)
1.
Lunation of article 5 present on pereopods 3-6
Siphonoecetinae
- - Lunation of article 5 not present on all of pereopods 3-6
2.
2
Gnathopod 2 of merusoid filtrative form, gnathopod 1
feeble
Corophium
- - Gnathopod 2 feeble, not merusoid, not filtrative, male
gnathopod 1 carpochelate
3
3.
Coxa 5 not especially widened
Cerapus
--Coxa 5 especially widened in female
4.
4
Coxa 5 not setose
Baracuma
- - Coxa 5 densely setose
Runanga
Special Key 9 to Genera of Corophiidae-Ischyroceridae
(Telson with numerous dorsal denticles)
Male gnathopod 2 not carpochelate, article 5 of
pereopods 3-6 lunate, enveloped by article 4, ramus of
uropod 3 if present lacking hooks (articulate or fixed)
Siphonoectinae
- - Male gnathopod 2 carpochelate, article 5 on pereopods
5-6 or no pereopod lunate, ramus of uropod 3 either
hooked or bearing articulate hooks
2
1.
2.
Article 5 of pereopod 5 lunate, inner plate of maxilla I
with 1 seta
3
- - Article 5 of pereopod 5 ordinary, inner plate of maxilla
1 multisetose
5
3.
~
Coxa 5 not wide'ned
Cerapus
- - Coxa' 5 widened especially in female
4.
Coxa 5 not setose
- - Coxa 5 densely setose
5.
4
Baracuma
'
'
Inner ramus of uropod 1 vestigial, mandibular palp
article 3 rectolinear, gnathopod 1 weakly carpochelate
- - Inner ramus' of uropod 1 well developed, mandibular
palp article 3 clavate, gnathopod 1 subchelate·
.L'"Clf,t"UII,~U
,
Pseuderichthonius
0 ••••••••••••
Ericthonius
157
158
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Acuminodeutopus I.L. Barnard
Fig.44B
Acuminodeutopus J.L. Barnard, 1959d: 29.-J.L. Barnard, 1973b:
15.-Myers, 1981d: 58 (part).
not Rudilemboides J.L. Barnard, 1959d (see).
Type species. Acuminodeutopus heteruropus J.L. Barnard,
1959d, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, slender,
smooth, normal; urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary.
Rostrum short, ocular lobes moderate, produced forward,
pointed; antennal sinus deep. Eyes moderate. Antenna 1
barely longer than 2, both slender; peduncular article 3
shorter than 1, article 2 longest, accessory flagellum 2articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short, flagellum
with 3-4 articles only. Epistome [?unproduced anteriorly].
Labrum subrounded, entire. Mandible normal, palp
slender, article 3 rectolinear, scarcely shorter than 2.
Labium with entire outer lobes, mandibular lobes long,
pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1 [?triangular], small, with
2 apical setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2-articulate.
Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with mediofacial
TOW of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with 3 distal spines,
outer plate normal, exceeding apex of palp article 2, with
spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 very short, with long nail,
armed with short setae along inner margin.
Coxae small, relatively short, contiguous or weakly
overlapping, of various shapes, coxa 1 dilated, produced
forward, coxa 2 scarcely larger than 1, coxa 4 not longer
than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4; coxa
6 like 5, 7 smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2
diverse; gnathopod 1 greatly larger than 2, in male simple,
carpochelate, article 5 long, with large tooth. Gnathopod
2 weakly to strongly subchelate, feeble, article 2 dilated
or not (type), article 5 longer than 6, not lobed, article
6 often weakly dilated, dactyl short to long.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 barely dilated, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7
progressively longer, with broad linear unlobed article
2, pereopod 5 much shorter than 7; pereopods 6-7 with
elongate dactyl. Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed].
Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods [undescribed].
Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal,
rami slightly unequal, peduncle of uropod 1 with large
ventrodistal process, that of uropod 2 obsolescent. Uropod
3 short, biramous, peduncle shorter than rami, rami short,
outer obtuse and spinose distally, with vestigial article 2;
inner ramus much shorter than outer ramus, scale-like,
tapering, with 1-2 apical spines. Telson entire, short,
broader than long, subtriangular or semicircular,
emarginate apically.
Female. Gnathopods small, gnathopod 1 barely larger
than 2, normally subchelate, article 5 longer than 6,
unlobed. Oostegites [?moderately narrow, broad, present
on only segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods.
Variables. Carpochela of male gnathopod 1 simple
or bifid; article 2 of male gnathopod 2 dilated distally and
article 3 with anterior s;harp lobe (A. periculosus).
Relationship. Differing from Amphideutopus and
Zoedeutopus in the feeble gnathopod 2 and short inner
ramus of uropod 3; from Acuminodeutopus, Maragopsis,
and Neomegamphopus in the short inner ramus of
uropod 3; and from Konatopus and Neomegamphopus in
the shorter article 3 of antenna 1.
See Anonychocheirus, Rudilemboides and
Zoedeutopus.
Removals. Acuminodeutopus naglei Bousfield, 1973,
and A. stenopropodus I.L. Barnard, 1959d, to
Rudilemboides.
Species. Acuminodeutopus heteruropus I.L. Bamard,
1959, 1961b [370]; A. periculosus I.L. Bamard, 1969b,
1979b (= A. heteruropus of Myers, 1968a) [540].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, eastern Pacific,
southern California to Costa Rica, 0-82 m, 2 species.
A 10iloi I.L. Bamard
Aloiloi J.L. Barnard, 1970a: 63.-J.L. Barnard, 1973b: 15.
Type species. Aloi/oi nenue J.L. Barnard, 1970a,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body slightly depressed, otherwise
laterally compressed, smooth, urosomites free, urosomite
1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes short moderate,
produced forward, blunt; antennal sinus deep. Eyes
moderate. Antennae equal, both slender, peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 slightly longer than 1, article 2
longest, accessory flagellum 4-articulate, main flagellar
articles few. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 scarcely
elongate. Epistome unproduced anteriorly. .Labrum
subrounded, entire. Mandible normal, palp strong, article
3 clavate, shorter than 2. Labium ~ith entire outer lobes,
with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes long,
pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, large, with row
of 5 medial setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner plate with
mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with
distal spines, outer plate normal, not reaching apex of
palp article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4
articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 very
short, with long nail.
Coxae relatively short,. strongly overlapping, of various
sizes and shapes, [?progressively elongate from 1 to 4],
coxa 1 broad, produced forward, coxa 2 also short,
narrower than 1, coxa 4 [?not longer than coxa 1,. not
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much
smaller than anterior coxae]. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse,
large, palms oblique, gnathopod 1 greatly larger than 2,
in male subchelate, article 5 of both gnathopods 1-2
short, shorter than 6, unlobed, article 6 very large.
Gnathopod 2 subchelate, article 5 unlobed, article 6
weakly dilated.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2.
Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other, with weakly
expanded, unlobed article 2, not progressively longer,
dactyl of pereopods 5-7 curved, without accessory spine
on outer margin. Sternal processes of thorax absent.
Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods [undescribed].
Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal,
rami slightly unequal (outer shorter), almost as long as
peduncle, peduncle of uropod 1 with ventrodistal process.
Uropod 3 short, biramous, peduncle longer than rami,
both rami short, rami subequal, outer ramus with vestigial
article 2, with 2 distal setae; inner ramus tapering and
with apical few armaments. Telson entire, as broad as
long, trapezoidal, with cusp apicoventrally, with 2 hooked
apical cusps.
Female. Gnathopod 1 less robust than gnathopod 2,
article 5 shorter than 6, scarcely lobed, propodus weakly
expanded, palm oblique. Oostegites [?moderately broad,
present on segments ?2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods.
Relationship. Like Lembos and allies but inner plate
of maxilla 1 with medial setae, gnathopod 2 large and like
Gammaropsis and article 3 of antenna 1 elongate. Some
spe.cies of Lembos approach these conditions.
Differing from Varohios in the presence of 7 articles
on gnathopod 1.
See Pseudomegamphopus and Varohios.
Species. Aloiloi nenue J.L. Barnard, 1970a, 1971a
(Ledoyer, 1972c, 1982b) [600].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Indo-Pacific,
Hawaii to Madagascar, 0-4 m, 1 species.
Ampelisciphotis
Pirlot
Figs 41B,D, 43C
Ampelisciphotis Pirlot, 1938: 341.-J.L. Barnard, 1969c: 271.J.L. Barnard, 1973b: 15.-Ledoyer, 1982b: 174.
Gaviota J.L. Barnard, 1958d:87 (Gaviota podophthalma J.L.
Barnard, 1958d, original designation).-J.L. Barnard,
1969c:· 192.
159
depressed, smooth, urosomites free, urosomite 1
ordinary. Head as long as pereonites 1-2 together.
Rostrum vestigial, supra-antennal line present, ocular
lobes elongate, very produced forward, blunt; antennal
sinus deep. Eyes medium, on apex of ocular stalks.
Antennae subequal, short, both very slender, peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 as long as or longer than 1, article
2 longest, accessory flagellum absent. Antenna 2
peduncular article 3 scarcely to moderately elongate.
Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded,
incised. Mandible normal, palp long, very slender,
article 3 thinly clavate, shorter than 2. Labium with entire
outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular
lobes short or long, pointed or blunt. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 tiny, mammilliform, with 2 apical setae, outer plate
with 7 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 rather
broad, inner plate with mediofacial row of setae. Inner
plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate normal,
not reaching apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial
margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3
unlobed, article 4 very short, with long setae.
Coxae relatively long, contiguous or overlapping, ~f
various shapes, progressively shorter from 1 to 4,
coxa 1 not dilated but produced forward sharply, often
coxa 4 shorter than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa-5 nearly as
long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae!
Gnathopods 1-2 scarcely diverse, of subequal size,
feeble, gnathopod 1 poorly subchelate, article 5 long
(type), unlobed, palm oblique. Gnathopod 2 slightly
enlarged, weakly subchelate, with article 2 slightly
dilated, article 4 slightly enlarged, article 5 slightly shorter
than 6, barely lobed, article 6 weakly dilated, dactyl
ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 similar, with weakly inflated article 2,
article 4 slightly dilated, article 6 elongate and tapering,
almost naked, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each
other, progressively longer, with broad article 2, or
occasionally narrow in male pereopod 7, dactyls
geniculate, very small on 5 or 6, longer on 7, with
accessory spines on inner margin. Sternal processes of
thorax absent. Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods
[undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1- 2
biramous, stout, rami slightly unequal, much shorter than
peduncle, not hooked, peduncles lacking ventrodistal
process. Uropod 3 very short, uniramous, single ramus
short, obtuse and setose distally, peduncle barely dilated
medially. Telson entire, short, broader than long,
pentagonal, pointed, with cusp and lateral patch of setules
on each side. Oostegites narrow, present on segments
[?2-5].
Male. Gnathopods small, gnathopod 2 .larger than 1,
subchelate; article 2 of pereopod 6 with 2-3 posteroventral
cusps not present in female.
Sexual dimorphism. Pereopod 6.
Type . species. Ampelisciphotis tridens Pirlot, 1938,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Female. Body cylindrical, slightly
Variables. Male article 2 of pereopod 7 narrow (A.
tridens), broad (female A. podophthalma); male pereopod
6 article 2 with large cusps (male A. tridens), cusps absent
160
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
(female A. tridens); mandibular lobes of lower lip long
and pointed (A. tridens) or short and blunt; anterior
coxae very long (A. podophthalma).
Relationship. Differing from Photis in the greatly
reduced ramus of uropod 3; no inner ramus is present
onuropod 3 but a few species of Photis also have no
inner ramus.
Also differing from Photis in the especially elongate
and naked article 6 of pereopods 3-4, the extreme
narrowness of the ramus on uropod 3, the poor grasping
condition of pereopod 5, the produced coxa 1, short
coxae 2- 4, small male gnathopod 2 and the immensity of
the ocular stalks.
See Cerapopsis and Dercothoe.
Species. Ampelisciphotis podophthalma (J .L.
Barnard, 1958d, 1964b) [370]; A. tridens Pirlot, 1938
(Ledoyer, 1982b) [600].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, eastern Pacific
and Indo-Pacific, 0-64 m, 2 species.
Amphideutopus J.L. Barnard
Amphideutopus J.L. Bamard, 1959d: 34.-J.L. Bamard, 1969c:
150.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 15.
Type species. Amphideutopus oculatus I.L. Barnard,
1959d, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, slender,
smooth, normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary.
Rostrum short, ocular lobes long, produced forward,
blunt; antennal sinus deep. Eyes large. Antenna 1 shorter
than· 2, both slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1
as long as 1, article 2 longest, accessory flagellum 2articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 .scarcely
elongate. Epistome [?unproduced anteriorly]. Labrum
[?subrounded. entire. incised]. Mandible normal, palp
strong, slender, article 3 clavate, shorter than 2. Labium
with· entire· outer lobes, with well developed inner lobes,
mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1
ovate, with 1 medial seta, outer plate with· [?9] spines,
palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner
plate with mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of
maxilliped [?with distal spines], outer plate normal,· not
reaching apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial
margin, palp· with 4 'articles, article 2 long, article 3
unlobed, article 4 short, with .long nail and setae.
Coxae small, relatively short, weakly overlapping,
rectangular, not progressively elongate from 1 to· 4, .coxa
1 weakly to strongly produced forward, coxa 3 largest,
coxa 4 not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxa 7 smaller
than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, of subequal
size, often densely . setose, large, gnathopod 1 in male
poorly· subchelate to simple, carpochelate, article 5 large,
long, lobed, palm short, article 6 small. Gnathopod 2
weakly to strongly subchelate, occasionally almost
carpochelate in male, often with article 2 dilated, article
5 almost as long 6, occasionally lobed, article 6 dilated,
sometimes with false chela, dactyl short.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 scarcely dilated, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, progressively slightly longer, with
sublinear article 2, dactyls weakly curved, without
accessory spine on outer margin. Sternal processes of
thorax absent. Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods
[undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2
biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal, as long as or
longer than peduncle, not hooked, peduncle of uropod
1 with. moderate ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 of
ordinary length, biramous, both rami longer than short
peduncle, obtuse distally, subequal, outer ramus with
vestigial article 2, both rami apically setose, narrow,
tapering. Telson entire, short, as broad as long, ovate,
subrectangular or trapezoidal, pointed apicoventrally,
with 2 hooked apical cusps.
Female. Gnathopods small, gnathopod 1 not larger
than 2, normally subchelate, article 5 longer or almost as
long as 6, unlobed. Oostegites [unknown].
Sexual dimorphism. Gnathopods.
Variables. Male gnathopod 1 with posteriorly
toothed carpus (A. dolichocephalus) , with 1 distal tooth
(type); male gnathopod 2 with propodal chela,
gnathopods
1-2
weakly
merochelate
(A.
dolichocephalus).
Relationship. Like Neomegamphopus but male
gnathopod 2 with well-defined palm and rami of uropod
3 more elongate.
See
Acuminodeutopus,
Neomegamphopus,
Pseudomegamphopus, Rudilemboides and Zoedeutopus.
Species. Amphideutopus dolichocephalus Myers,
1968c [462]; A. oculatus J.L. Bamard, 1959d, 1961b,
1969b (Myers, 1968a) [369].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, eastern tropical
Pacific and Caribbean Sea, 0-162 m, 2 species.
Anonychocheirus Moore& Myers
Anonychocheirus Moore & Myers, 1983: 217.
Type species. Anonychocheirus richardsoni Moore &
Myers, 1983, original designation).
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth, normal,
urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum short,
ocular lobes short, blunt, antennal sinus moderate. Eyes
medium. Antennae ordinary, nearly subequal, 1 slender,
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
antenna 2 stouter; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1
shorter than 1, articles 1-2 longest, accessory flagellum
2-articulate, main flagellar articles many. Antenna 2
peduncular article 3 short, peduncle slightly stout in both
sexes, flagellum with 8 articles. Epistome [?unproduced
anteriorly]. Labrum [?subrounded, entire]. Mandible
normal, palp strong, slender, article 3 rectolinear, shorter
than 2. Labium with [?entire outer lobes, with welldeveloped inner lobes, mandibular lobes short, blunt].
Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, large, with row of
medial setae, outer plate with [?9] spines, palp 2-articulate.
Inner plates of maxilla 2 [?rather broad, outer narrow,
inner plate with only mediomarginal setae]. Inner plate
of maxilliped with [?distal spines, outer plate short,
reaching halfway along palp article 2, with setae .only on
medial margin], palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article
3 unlobed, article 4 short, with long setae.
Coxae large, long, overlapping, of various sizes and
shapes, progressively shorter from 1 to 4, coxa 1 dilated,
produced forward, coxa 2 larger than 1, produced
forward, coxae 3-4 smaller than coxa 2, not lobed, coxa
5 nearly as long as 4, coxae 6-7 smaller than anterior
coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, both densely setose,
gnathopod 1 large, greatly larger than 2, subchelate,
almost propodochelate, article 5 long but shorter than 6,
unlobed, dactyl large and curved, overextending
transverse palm. Gnathopod 2 simple, linear, very setose,
article 5 much longer than 6, unlobed, article 6 more
slender than 5, dactyl strongly reduced.
Pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopod 2, similar, with
slender article 2, article 4 slender, dactyls long.
Pereopods 5-6 with weakly expanded article 2,
pereopods 6-7 progressively longer, pereopod 5 much
shorter than pereopods 6-7, pereopod 7 with broad
unlobed article 2, pereopods 6-7 with longer dactyl.
Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills
[undescribed]. Pleopods [undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, stout, rami slightly
unequal, subequal to peduncle, peduncle of 'uropods 12 with moderate ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 short,
biramous, peduncle slightly elongate, outer ramus as long
as peduncle, I-articulate, inner ramus very short, scalelike. Telson entire, short, broader than long, ovate, with
2 hookedapical cusps.
Female. Oostegites [?moderately broad, present on
segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Absent.
Relationship. Differing from Haplocheira and
Kuphocheira in the subchelate gnathopod 1; and from
Leptocheirus in the non-filtrative article 2 of gnathopod
2.
From Acuminodeutopus in the regularly subchelate
gnathopod 1 and large coxae. From Goesia in the
enlarged gnathopod 1.
See key with Haplocheirus.
Species. Anonychocheirus richardsoni Moore &
161
Myers, 1983 [872].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Arthur Harbor,
Anvers Island, Antarctic Peninsula, 18-50 m, 1 species.
Aora
Kr~yer
Figs 391, 40D, 41G, 44C, 45H, 46A
Aora Kr0yer, 1845: 328, 335.-Stebbing, 1906: 587.-J.L.
Bamard, 1969c: 152.-1L. Bamard, 1973b: 15.-Lincoln,
1979a: 472.-Myers, 1982a: 12.-Myers & Moore, 1983:
168 (key).
Lalaria Nicolet, 1849: 240 (Lalaria longitarsis Nicolet, 1849,
monotypy).
Lonchomerus Bate, 1857d: 143 (nomen nudum) (Lonchomerus
gracilis Bate, 1857d, monotypy).
Type species. Aora typica Kr0yer, 1845, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, blunt; antennal sinus weak to
moderate. Eyes small. Antennae very long, 1 longer than
2, both slender, or male antenna 2 stouter; peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 usually shorter than 1, article 2
longest, accessory flagellum 4 to 5-articulate. Antenna 2
peduncular article 3 short, flagellum short, with 4-8
articles. Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum
subrounded, incised. Mandible normal, palp strong, very
slender, article 3 semi-falciform, longer' than 2, well
setose. Labium with entire outer lobes, with welldeveloped inner lobes, mandibular lobes long, pointed.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular or conical, with 1 apical
seta, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of
maxilla 2 rather broad, inner plate with mediofaciat' row
of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines,
outer plate normal, reaching apex of palp article 2, with
spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2
long,. article 3 unlobed, article 4 medium, with medium
nail and setae.
Coxae ordinary to short, weakly overlapping, often of
various sizes and shapes, coxa 1 dilated, produced
forward, coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, scarcely lobed,
GQ)(a 5 Qftel1somewl1a.t§I1QI1er than 4,. coxae 6-7 slightly
to greatly smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2
diverse; gnathopod 1 greatly larger than 2, simple,
merochelate, articles 5-6 long, linear, unlobed, dactyl
very large. Gnathopod 2 subchelate, feeble, with article
2 often very setose, article 5 longer ·than 6, unlobed,
article 6 slender, dactyI ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 scarcely dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, progressively longer, often with
linear to increasingly expanded article 2, pereopod·· 5
much shorter than pereopod 7, often. with narrower
article 2; pereopod 7 with broad nearly lobed article 2,
dactyl of pereopods 5-7· curved, short. Sternal processes
of thorax absent. Coxal gills present on segments 2-6.
162
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Pleopods [undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate.
Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal, as
long or longer than peduncle, peduncle of uropod 1 with
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 of medium length, biramous,
peduncle slightly elongate but shorter than rami, rami
subequal, both moderately long, narrow, tapering, obtuse
distally, with few armaments mostly apical, outer ramus
often with small or vestigial article 2. Telson entire, short,
as broad as long or longer than broad, ovate, almost
pointed apically, with 2 long apical spines or setal groups
and usually 2 hooked apical cusps.
Female. Coxa 1 smaller than in male, usually
rectangular and poorly produced. Gnathopods small,
CJ
F
B
G
I
<u
Fig.39. Corophioidea. A, Gammaropsis maculata; B, Photis reinhardi; C, Kamaka kuthae; D, Neohela
monstrosa;E, Ericthonius brasiliensis; F, Corophium volulator; G, Leptocheirus pilosus; H, Siphonoecetes
colletti; I, Aora typica.
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
163
gnathopod 1 larger than 2, normally subchelate, article
5 shorter than 6, unlobed on both gnathopods 1-2.
Oostegites broad, present on segments 2-5.
setosity of male coxa 1, gnathopod 1, antenna 2, with
various lengths and widths of articles and their
projections.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods, coxa 1.
Relationship. See Aorella, Aoroides and Columbaora.
Variables. Specific taxonomy based on shapes and
Removals. See Aoroides.
Fig.40. Corophioidea. A, Isaea montaqui; B, Corophium volutator; C, Microdeutopus gryllotalpa; D, Aora
typica; E, Photis reinhardi; F, Chevalia aviculae.
164
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Species. Aora adpressa Myers & Moore, 1983
[782]; A. anomala Schellenberg, 1926a, 1931 (Griffiths,
1975) [866 +831]; A. atlantidea Reid, 1951 (Munoz-Cobo
& Bengoa, 1981) [330]; A. gibbula K.H. Bamard, 1932
(Griffiths, 1975) [743]; A. gracilis (Bate, 1857d) (Sars, 1895)
(Myers, 1982a) (Myers & Costello, 1984a) (= A.
punctata Bruzelius, 1859) (= A. typica identifications of
Chevreux & Fage, 1925; Schellenberg, 1942;
Stephensen, 1944c; Nagata, 1965c; Lincoln, 1979a)
[352]; A. hebes Myers & Moore, 1983 [781]; A. hircosa
3
E
D
Fig.41. Corophioidea. A, Cheiriphotis megacheles; B, Ampelisciphotis podophthalma; C, Aorcho delgadus;
D,Ampelisciphotis tridens; E,Microprotopus maculatus; F, Gammaropsis (= Megaphopus) cornutus; G, Aora
typica.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Myers & McGrath, 1983a [784]; A. inflata Griffiths,
1976b [743]; A. kergueleni Stebbing, 1888 (Griffiths,
1975) [851]; A. maculata (Thomson, 1879a, 1881) (Chiltoll,
1882a) (J.L. Bamard, 1972b) (Myers & Moore, 1983) (=
auct. A. typica of Thomson, 1879a; Chilton, 1909b;
Stephensen, 1938c) [775 + 784 + 840]; A. mortoni
(Haswell, 1879b) (Myers & Moore, 1983) (= A. tenuipes
Haswell, 1879b) [784]; A. pseudotypica Hirayama, 1984a
165
[395]; A. spinicornis Afonso, 1976 (Myers, 1982a)
(Myers & Costello, 1984a) (= A. gracilis identification of
Della Valle, 1893) (= A. altantidea of Myers, 1973b) [352];
A. trichobostrycha Stebbing, 1888 (?= A. typica of
Stephensen, 1927a) [840]; A. typica Kr~yer, 1845
(Stephensen, 1949) (Griffiths, 1974a) (Ledoyer, 1982b)
(Myers & Moore, 1983) (= A. longitarsus Nicolet, 1849)
[835].
B
,.3
~J
Fig.42. Corophioidea. A, Rildardanus tros; B, Isaea montagui; C,Microprotopusmaculatus; D,Unciola leucopis;
E, Photis reinhardi; F, Corophium volutator; G, Unciolella lunata; H, Dryopoides westwoodi; I,Bogenfelsia
incisa; J, Neohela monstrosa; K, Siphonoecetes colletti; L, Ericthonius brasiliensis.
166
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan,
boreal and austral, rare in tropics, 0-100 m, 15 species.
Aorcho J.L. Barnard
Fig.41C
Aorcho I.L. Bamard, 1961a: 114.-I.L. Bamard, 1969c: 152.I.L. Bamard, 1973b: 16.
Type species. Aorcho delgadus I.L. Barnard, 1961a,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
urosomites free,. urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum short,
ocular lobes short, pointed; antennal sinus moderate.
(Head as long as pereonites 1-2 together). Eyes weak or
absent. Antenna 1 longer than 2, both slender, peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 as long as 1, article 2 longest,
accessory flagellum pluriarticulate. Antenna 2
peduncular article 3 elongate. Epistome [?unproduced
anteriorly]. Labrum [?subrounded, entire]. Mandible
normal, palp strong, very slender, article 3 rectolinear,
shorter than 2. Labium with [?entire outer lobes, with well-
developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes long, pointed].
Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, moderately large, with
about 4 apical and medial setae, outer plate with 9 spines,
palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate
with mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped
narrow, with distal spines, outer plate short, not reaching
apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp
with 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4
long, stout, with medium nail and setae.
Coxae very small, relatively short, weakly overlapping,
of various sizes, progressively shorter from 2 to 4, coxa
1 not dilated, not produced forward, coxa 2 larger than
1, coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 as
long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 alike, of subequal size, small,
subchelate, article 5 of both gnathopods as long as 6,
unlobed, dactyls ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 scarcely dilated, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, progressively longer, with weakly
expanded unlobed article 2, setose on pereopod 7,
pereopod 5 much shorter than pereopod 7, article 2
almost naked, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short, curved.
Sternal processes of thorax [?undescribed]. Coxal gills
[undescribed]. Pleopods slender, outer ramus much
shorter than inner. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-
c
Fig.43. Corophioidea. A, Paracorophium excavatum; B, Gammaropsis maculata; C, Ampelisciphotis tridens; D,
Corophium crassicorne; E, Corophium affine.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
2 biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal, longer
than peduncle, peduncle of uropods 1-2 with
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 small to medium,
biramous, both rami short, subequal, with few
167
armaments mostly apical, peduncle, short, shorter than
rami, outer ramus with vestigial article 2. Telson entire,
short, broader than long, ovate, with 2 weakly hooked
apical cusps.
o
o
o
r3
H
L
Fig.44. Corophioidea. A, Camacho bathypl~us; B, Acuminodeutopus heteruropus; C, Aora typica; D, Cerapus
crassicornis; E, Gammaropsis (= Megamphopus) cornutus; F, Neohela monstrosa; G, Cheiriphotis
megacheles; H, Photis reinhardi; I, Ericthonius brasiliensis;,], Runanga coxalis; K, Leptocheirus pilosus; L,
Paraoroides unistilus.
168
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Female. Oostegites [?narrow, broad, present on
segments 2-5].
gracilipes); rami of uropod 3 more elongate than in other
species (A. curvipalma); telson longer than broad (A.
gracilipes).
Sexual dimorphism. None.
Variables. Eyes absent or feeble; ocular lobe
pointed (A. gracilipes); mandibular palp article 3 longer
than 2, semifalciform, palp slightly more robust than in
other species (A. curvipalma); inner plate of maxilla 2
very broad (A. gracilipes), normal (A. nanus); article 2
of.pereopods 5-7 almost linear (A. curvipalma); uropod
2 without ventrodistal process (A. curvipalma, A.
Relationship. Differing from Ledoyerella and
Aorchoides in the thinness of the mandibular palp, the
more feeble, unsculptured, sexually undifferentiated
gnathopods, with article 5 of gnathopod 2 as long as 6
in both sexes, and the weaker recessment of antenna
2.
From Lemboides in the long article 3 of antenna 1.
See Aorchoides, Bogenfelsia, Camacho, Ledoyerella,
H
·Fig.45. Corophioidea. A, Rudllemboides stenopropodus; B, Ericthonius brasiliensis;, C, Leptocheirus pilosus;
D, Photis tenulcornis; E, Xenocheira fasciata; F, Siphonoecetescolletti; G, Corophium volutator; H, Aora
typica; I, Kuphocheira setimanus; J, Gammaropsis (= Megamphopus) cornittus; K, Bemlos spinicarpus; L,
Lembos websteri;M, Microdeutopus gryllotalpa; N, Cerapopsis longipes; 0, Microprotopus maculatus; P,
Unciola leucopsis; Q, Corophium crassicorne; R, Pseudericthonius gaussi; S, Photis reinhardi; T, Neohela
monstrosa; U, Ericthonius difformis; V, Cerapus crassicornis.
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Maragopsis and Paradryope.
Species. Aorcho ?curvipalma Ledoyer, 1978b
[697]; A. delgadus J.L. Bamard, 1961a (Griffiths, 1975)
[715B + 743]; A. gracilipes Ledoyer, 1982b [694A]; A.
nanus Hirayama, 1984a [395].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Indian Ocean to
Japan and Tasman Sea, 0-3716 rn, 4 species.
169
Aorchoides Ledoyer
Aorchoides Ledoyer, 1972c: 191.
Type species. Aorchoides dilatata Ledoyer,
original designation.
1972c,
Diagnosis. Like Ledoyerella but article 20f male
E
--===:-,
Fig.46. Corophioidea. A, Aora typica; B, Neomegamphopus roosevelti; C, Photis tenuicornis; D, Unciola
leucopis; E, Xenocheira fasciata; F, Kuphocheira setimanus; G, Lembos websteti; H, Gammaropsis (=
Megamphopus) cornutus; I, Leptocheirus pilosus; J, Bemlos spinicarpus; K, Cerapopsis longipes; L, Cerapus
crassicornis; M, Rudilemboidesstenopropodus; N, Corophium volulator; 0, Siphonoecetes col/etti; P,
Concholestes dentalii; Q, Ericthonius brasiliensis.
170
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
gnathopod 1 dilated.
Description (restricted to differences from
Ledoyerella). Head as long as pereonites 1-2 together.
Outer plate of· maxilla 1 with 7 spines. Article 3 on
palp of maxilliped lobed. Gnathopod 2 larger than 1,
gnathopod 1 in male of female form, article 5 as long as
6, unlobed. Gnathopod 2 enlarged, grossly subchelate,
article 5 shorter than 6, weakly lobed, article 6 dilated,
with false chela and excavate palm, dactyl long. Sternal
process present on segment 2, large. Uropod 3 with
peduncle elongate, almost as long as rami. Telson with
2 poorly developed apical cusps.
Female. Gnathopods small, equal in size, article 2 of
gnathopod 1 not dilated, article 5 shorter than 6,
unlobed on both gnathopods; gnathopod 2 with short
oblique palm. Oostegites [?narrow, broad, present on
segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Moderate. Gnathopods.
Relationship. Differing from Ledoyerella and
Gammaropsis in the dilation of article 2 on male
gnathopod 1.
From Aorcho in the clavate (versus rectolinear)
article 3 on the mandibular palp.
Species. Aorchoides crenatipalma (K.H. Barnard,
1916) (Griffiths, 1974a, 1975) (Myers & Lyons, 1987)
[743]; A. dilatata Ledoyer, 1972c, 1982b (Myers, 1985c)
[698].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, southern Africa
and Madagascar, 0-71 m, 2 species.
Aorella Myers
Aorella Myers, 1981 a: 57.
Type species. Aorella
original . designation.
multiplex
Myers,
1981a,
Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical but weakly
compressed laterally, smooth, urosomites free, urosomite
1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes short, blunt;
antennal sinus moderate. Eyes medium. Antennae very
long, 1 especially long and longer than 2, both
slender, or base of male antenna 2 stout; peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, article 2 longest,
accessory .flagellllm 3 to 4"atticlllate. Antenna 2
peduncular article 3 short, articles 2, 3 and part of 4 stout
in male, flagellum short, with 4 articles. Epistome
unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, entire.
Mandible normal," palp moderate, slender, article 3
semi-falciform, as long as 2, well setose. Labium with
entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes,
mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1
small, short, with 1 apical seta, outer plate with 10
spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 rather broad,
inner plate with mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate
of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate normal,
reaching apex of palp article 2, with spines on
medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 medium, with short nail and
setae.
Coxae small, short, weakly contiguous, anterior
members of uniform sizes and shapes, coxa 1 not
dilated, not produced forward, coxa 4 not longer than
coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4, coxa 7
smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse,
large, of subequal size, almost simple, both with linear
articles, not densely setose; gnathopod 1 slightly
larger than 2, poorly propodochelate, merochelate,
article 5 long, linear, unlobed, fused mostly to article 4,
dactyl ordinary. Gnathopod 2 simple, with article 2
poorly setose, article 5 longer than 6, strongly
dilated, doubly carpochelate, article 6 .slender, dactyl
ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 scarcely dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, progressively longer, with weakly
expanded unlobed article 2, pereopod 5 much shorter
than pereopod 7, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 curved, short.
Sternal processes of thorax present on segments 1 and
3. Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods [undescribed].
Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal,
rami slightly unequal, as long peduncle, peduncle of
uropods 1-2 with ventrodistal process, that of uropod 2
obsolescent. Uropod 3 of medium length, biramous, both
rami moderately long, obtuse distally, peduncle shorter
than rami, rami subequal, tapering and with few
armaments mostly apical, outer ramus with small article 2.
Telson entire, short, [?as broad as long or longer than
broad, ovate], with 2 unequal long apical setae on each
side.
Female. Articles 3-5 of antenna 2 not expanded.
Coxae not greatly different from male, usually longer.
Gnathopods small, gnathopod 1 larger than 2, normally
subchelate, article 5 almost as long as 6, unlobed on both
gnathopods 1-2. Oostegites I?broad, present on segments
2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods, antenna 2.
Relationship. Differing from Aoroides and Aora in
the enlarged male gnathopod 2; from Columbaora in
the small coxae, especially the non-enlarged coxa 1, and
the carpochelate gnathopod 2.
Species. Aorella multiplex Myers, 1981a, 1985c
[576].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Fiji, 0 m, 1
species.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Aoroides Walker
Aoroides Walker, 1898b: 284.-Stebbing, 1906: 586.-J.L.
Bamard, 1969c: 152.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 16.-Conlan &
Bousfield, 1982b: 85.
Type species. Aoroides columbiae Walker, 1898b,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body laterally .compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, blunt; antennal sinus weak to
moderate. Eyes small. Antennae long, 1 longer than 2,
both slender, or male antenna 2 stouter; peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, article 2 longest,
accessory flagellum vestigial, scale-like, or absent.
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short, flagellum short, with
3-4 articles. Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum
subrounded, entire or barely incised. Mandible normal,
palp weak, very slender, article 3 rectolinear, longer than
2, poorly setose. Labium with entire outer lobes, with
well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes long,
pointed or blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular or
conical, with 1 apical seta, 'outer plate with 10 spines, palp
2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner plate
with mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate. of maxilliped
with distal spines, outer plate normal, reaching apex of
palp article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4
articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4
medium, with medium nail and setae.
Coxae ordinary to short, weakly overlapping, often of
various sizes and shapes, coxa 1 dilated, produced
forward, coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa
5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse; gnathopod 1 greatly larger
than 2, simple, merochelate, articles 5-6 long,linear,
unlobed, dactyl very large. Gnathopod 2 subchelate,
feeble, with article 2 often very setose, article 5 as long
as or longer than 6, unlobed, article 6 slender, dactyl
ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 not dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 similar
to each other, progressively longer, with increasingly
expanded article 2, pereopod 5 much shorter than
pereopod 7, often with narrower article 2. Pereopod 7
with slightly broadened unlobed article 2, dactyl of
pereopods 5-7 curved, short. Sternal processes of thorax
absent. Coxal gills present on segments 2-6. Pleopods
[undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate.
Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal,
as long or longer than peduncle, peduncle of uropods
1-2 with ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 of medium
length, .biramous, .both rami moderately ,long, obtuse
distally, peduncle slightly elongate but shorter than
rami, rami subequal, narrow, tapering and with few
armaments mostly apical, outer ramus with small or
vestigial article 2. Telson entire, short, as broad as
long or longer than broad, ovate, with 2 long apical spines
or setal groups and usually 2 hooked apical cusps.
171
Female. Coxa 1 smaller than in male, usually
rectangular and poorly produced. Gnathopods small,
gnathopod 1 larger than 2, normally subchelate, article
5 shorter than or equal to 6, unlobed on both
gnathopods 1-2. Oostegites broad, present on segments
2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods, coxa 1.
Variables. Specific taxonomy based on shapes and
setosity of male coxa 1, gnathopod .l, antenna 2, with
various lengths and widths of articles and their
projections.
Relationship. Differing from Aora in the reduction
of the accessory flagellum to a small button and the
enfeeblement of the mandibular palp.
- See Aorella and Columbaora.
Species. Aoroides columbiae Walker, 1898b
(Thorsteinson, 1941) (Conlan & Bousfield, 1982b) (= A.
californica Alderman, 1936) [270]; A. exilis 'Conlan &
Bousfield, 1982b [270]; A. inermis Conlan & Bousfield,
1982b [270]; A. intermedia Conlan &. Bousfield, 1982b
[270]; A. nahili J.L. Barnard, 1970a, 1971a (Ledoyer,
1979b) [600]; A. secunda Gurjanova, 1938b, 1951 (Nagata,
1965c) [390]; A. spinosa Conlan & Bousfield, 1982b (= A.
columbiae of J.L. Bamard, 1954a) [270].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, North Pacific
south to Hawaii and Indonesia, 0-75 rn, 7 species.
Arctolembos Myers, new status
Lembos (Arctolembos) Myers, 1979b: 269.-Conlan &
Bousfield, 1982b: 80.
Type species. Microdeutopus arcticus Hansen, 1887,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Like Lembos but ocular lobes bilobed;
outer lobes of lower lip weakly notched; outer plate of
maxilla 1 with more than 10 spines (13 generally); article
2 of maxillipedal palp elongate and outer plate shorter,
therefore outer plate extending only,halfway or two
thirds along article 2.
Relationship. Formerly a subgenus of Lembos, here
raised to full status; like Lembos except for items in
diagnosis above.
See Columbaora.
Species. Arctolembos arcticus (Hansen, 1887)
(Gurjanova, 1951) (Shoemaker, 1955a) (Myers, 1979b)
(Conlan & Bousfield, 1982b) [220].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Kara Sea and
Bering Sea, 0-100 rn, 1 species.
172
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Audulla Chevreux
Audulla Chevreux, 1901a: 431.
Type species.. Audulla chelifera Chevreux, 1901a,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body weakly cylindrical, but also
laterally compressed, smooth, urosomites free, urosomite
1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes moderate,
produced forward, pointed to blunt; antennal sinus
deep. Eyes medium. Antennae moderately elongate,
nearly subequal, 1 slender, antenna 2 stout; peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 slightly longer than 1, article 2
longest, accessory flagellum pluriarticulate, main
flagellar articles about 9. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
scarcely elongate, peduncle stout in male, flagellum
dilated, paddle-shaped. Epistome unproduced anteriorly.
Labrum subrounded, entire. Mandible normal, palp very
strong, stout, article 3 clavate, as long as 2. Labium with
entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes,
mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1
triangular, large, with a row of medial setae, outer plate
with 10-11 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2
rather broad, inner plate with mediofacial row of setae.
Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate
short, reaching two thirds to apex of palp article 2, with
spines only on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article
2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 very short, with long
setae.
Coxae small, relatively short, overlapping, of various
sizes and shapes, progressively shorter from 2 to 4, coxa
1 not dilated, not produced forward, small in contrast to
enlarged coxae 2-3, coxa 2 larger than 1, coxa 4 as long
as coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 somewhat longer than 4,
coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods
1-2 diverse; gnathopod 2 greatly larger than 1, gnathopod
1 subchelate, article 5 long, longer than 6, unlobed,
article 6 ordinary. Gnathopod 2 enlarged, parachelate,
article 5 much shorter than 6, lobed, article 6 very .large,
dactyl short.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 scarcely dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, progressively longer, with weakly
expanded, unlobed article 2, pereopod 5 much shorter
than pereopod 7, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short, curved,
without accessory spine on outer margin. Sternal
processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills present on
segments 2-6. Pleopods normal or partially shortened.
Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal,
rami strongly unequal, longer than peduncle, peduncle
of uropods 1-2 with ventrodistalprocess, that of uropod
2 smaller. Uropod 3 of· medium size, biramous, both rami
short, subequal, I-articulate, apically spinose,. obtuse
distally, peduncle as long as rami. Telson entire, short,
as broad as long, pentagonal,. pointed apically, with 2
hooked apical cusps.
Female. Coxae slightly different from male, coxa 1
longer than 2. Gnathopods slightly smaller, normally
subchelate, gnathopod 2 with smaller propodus and
oblique palm. Oostegites 2 and 5 moderately narrow, 3
and 4 broad.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak. Gnathopod 2.
Relationship. Differing from the Gammaropsis
group in the paddle-shaped flagellum of antenna 2 and
the large parachelate gnathopod 2. From Cerapopsis,
additionally, in the well developed inner ramus of
uropod 3.
Species. Audulla chelifera Chevreux, 1901a (Walker
& Scott, 1903) (Sivaprakasam, 1969c, 1970a) (Griffiths,
1974b) (Ledoyer, 1982b) (Thomas & Barnard, 1987) (= A.
lina Kunkel, 1910) (= A. semichelatus K.H. Bamard, 1957;
Griffiths, 1973) (Thomas & Barnard, 1987) [421].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, tropical Indian
Ocean, Caribbean Sea to Bermuda, 0-0.5 m, 1 species.
Autonoe Bruzelius
Autonoe Bruzelius, 1859: 23.-Sars, 1895: 546.-Myers, 1988:
188.
Type species.. Gammarus longipes Liljeborg, 1852a,
designated by Boeck, 1876.
Myers (1988) diagnosis. Article 3 of mandibular
palp with posterior margin distally concave, proximally
straight; left mandibular molar with complex plates,
primary plate triangular, the margins approximately
straight, secondary, tertiary and quaternary plates of
similar shape or vestigial; anterior margin of maxilliped
without wing-like flanges; male gnathopod 1 propodus
subequal with carpus or longer; uropod. 3 peduncle
elongate, not markedly expanded, rami with marginal
spines, but no marginal setae, outer ramus with small
second article.
Variables. Generalities. Tooth at anteroventral
corner of head large, small or absent. Setation patterns
on antennae 1-2 and on article 3 of mandibular palp
variable specifically. Shape and setation of coxa 1
variable in male, occasionally sharp and produced in
female. Gnathopods·I-2 in male highly variable at specific
level in shapes of articles 2, 5, 6, palmar slope and
sculpture, setosity patterns of articles 2,3,5,6. Dactylar
length on pereopods3"4 diverse.Setosityofarticle 26h
pereopods 5-7, especially 7, highly variable; also
occasionally on epimera, especially epimeron 2.
Presence, size and length of interramal peduncular
process on uropods 1-2 variable. Arrangement, size and
form of ventral processes on sternum of thorax of
specific value.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Specifics. Eyes vestigial (A. megacheir); article 3 of
antenna 1 as long as article 1 (A. rubromaculatus); inner
plate of maxilla 1 naked (A. spiniventris); gnathopods
rather small as in females (A. viduarum); article 4 of male
pereopods 3-4 heavily setose (A. borealis group, 5+
species).
See Lembos and all genera of the Myers (1988)
diagnosis.
Species. See K.H. Bamard (1937, 1940), Griffiths
'(1973, 1974a,b, 1975), Gurjanova (1951), Ledoyer (1967a,
1968, 1969b, 1974c), Moore (1981, 1984c), Ortiz (1983),
Ruffo (1969), Schellenberg (1928, 1942), Stephensen
(1942); A. angularis (Ledoyer, 1970, 1977) (Myers, 1974c,
1982a) [340 + B]; (A. borealis Myers, 1976b) (Just, 1980)
[220]; A. denticarpus (Myers & McGrath, 1978) (Lincoln,
1979a) [239]; A. hirsutipes (Stebbing, 1895) [740]; A.
karamani Myers, 1976b, 1982a (= A. hirsutipes
identification of Karaman, 1973b) [345]; A. longidigitans
(Bonnier, 1896) (Stephensen, 1944c) (Myers, 1979b)
[250B]; A. longipes (Liljeborg, 1852a) (Sars, 1895)
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Myers, 1979b)
(= A. plumosa Boeck, 1871b, 1876) [216 + B]; A.
megacheir (Sars, 1879, 1885, 1886, 1895) (Gurjanova, 1951)
(Myers, 1976b) [238 + B]; A. rubromaculatus (Ledoyer,
1973c) (Myers, 1974c, 1982a) [340]; A. setimerus (Myers,
1976b) [444]; A. spiniventris (Della Valle, 1893) (Myers,
1974c, 1982a) [340]; A. viduarum (Myers, 1974c, 1982a)
[348].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, boreal to
Mediterranean, South Africa, 0-1096 m, 12 species.
[Ischyroceridae] Baracuma Barnard & Drummond
Baracuma Barnard & Drummond, 1981: 31.
Type species. Baracuma alquirta
Drummond, 1981, original designation.
Barnard
&
Diagnosis. Body cylindrical, depressed, smooth,
urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum short,
ocular lobes short, blunt; antennal sinus deep. Eyes
medium. Antennae moderately long, nearly subequal,
both slightly stout; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1
slightly longer than 1, peduncular article 3 longest,
accessory flagellum absent, main flagellar articles few.
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short, peduncle stouter
in male. Epistome moderately produced anteriorly.
Labrum subrounded, incised. Mandible normal, palp
strong, slender, article 3 rectolinear, article 3 as long as
2. Labium with entire outer lobes, With Well"developed
inner lobes, mandibular lobes long, blunt. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 ovate, with 1 apical seta, outer plate with 11
spines, palp 2-articulate. Outer plates of maxilla 2
rather broad, inner narrow, inner plate with only
mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with
distal spines, outer plate short, not reaching two thirds
173
to apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial margin,
palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article
4 short, with long setae.
Coxae very small, short, widely discontiguous, of
various sizes and shapes, progressively shorter from 2
to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, not produced forward, very
small in contrast to enlarged coxa 2, coxa 4 not longer
than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 much longer than 4, very
elongate anteroposteriorly especially in female, thoracic
segment 5 also elongate, coxae 6-7 much larger than
anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse; gnathopod 2
greatly larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male weakly
subchelate, article 5 unlobed, slightly longer than 6.
Gnathopod 2 enlarged, simple, carpochelate in male, with
article 2 dilated, with article 4 enlarged, incipiently
merochelate, extended and fused distally along
posterior margin of article 5, article 5 much longer and
larger than 6, lobed, article 6 much' more slender than
article 5, short.
Pereopods 3-4 unusual, similar, but article 4 of
pereopod 4 elongate, with inflated .article 2, article 4
slightly dilated, articles 5-6 short, dactyls short.
Pereopods 5-7 dissimilar to each other, progressively
longer, with expanded article 2, pereopod 5 much
shorter than and different from pereopods 6-7, with
broader article 2, tiny reniform article 5 enveloped by
article 4, pereopods 6-7 with narrow unlobed article 2,
dactyl of pereopods 5-7 geniculate, with accessory tooth
on inner margin. Sternal keel of thora~ present. Coxal
gills diverse, narrow and broad, present on segments 36. Pleopods strongly reduced towards posterior, with
slender peduncle; inner rami of pleopods 2-3 tiny,
scale-like, outer ramus of pleopod 1 basally inflated,
small and foliaceous. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropod
1 biramous, rami unequal, outer shorter than peduncle,
inner two thirds of outer, peduncles of uropods 1-2
without ventrodistal process, uropod 2 with only 1
vestigial ramus. UroPQd 3 forming small almost naked
leaf, uniramous, ramus vestigial, with 2 tiny spines,
peduncle not dilated medially. Telson entire, short,
broader than long, heart-shaped, cleft almost halfway,
with 2 patches of hooks.
Female. Antenna 2 more slender. Coxae different
from male, coxa 5 and pereonite 5, hugely longer.
Gnathopods small, similar, gnathopod 2· scarcely larger
than 1, both poorly subchelate, article 5 slightly shorter
than 6, lobed. Oostegites diverse, narrow and broad,
present on segments 2.;.5.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Coxae, especially 5,
gnathopods.
Relatiol1ship. The closely similar Siphonoecetes
group differs from other corophioids in that both
pereopods 5 and 6 (versus 5 only) have reduced
reniform article 5 enveloped by article 4; .siphonoecetins
also have scales on that article, a 1 to 2-articulate
mandibular palp' and dominance by gnathopod 2, without
any carpochelation of gnathopod 2.
174
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Baracuma differs from Cerapus in the wide and
enlarged coxa 5 of both sexes, the longer heart-shaped
telson, male ventral keel, and elongate article 3 of
pereopod 4.
Differing from Runanga in the wider coxa 5 lacking
dense setae, narrow telson, elongate article 4 of
pereopod 4, larger ramus of uropod 3, and better
developed pleopod 3.
Differs from both Chevreuxius and Grandidierella in
the vestigial ramus of uropods 2 and 3, unexpanded
peduncle of uropod 3, reduced pleopods, large coxa 5
in both sexes, and dominance reversal of gnathopods 1
and 2.
Species. Baracuma alquirta Bamard & Drummond,
1981 [782].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Australia,
Victoria, 5-18 m, 1 species.
Bathyphotis Stephensen
Bathyphotis Stephensen, 1944c: 26.-J.L. Bamard, 1969c:
276.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 23.
Type species. Bathyphotis tridentata Stephensen,
1944c, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary, toothed. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, pointed, antennal sinus deep.
Eyes large. Antennae of medium length, subequal, both
slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 longer than
1, articles 2-3 longest, accessory flagellum pluriarticulate.
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 slightly elongate.
Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum incised.
Mandible normal, palp strong, article 3 rectolinear, as
long as 2. Labium with entire outer lobes, with welldeveloped inner lobes, mandibular· lobes long, pointed.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, without setae, outer
plate with 4-10 spines, palp 2-articulate. Outer plates of
maxilla 2 rather broad, inner plate with only
mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal
spines, outer plate normal, reaching halfway to apex of
palp article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4
articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 long,
with long setae.
Coxae small in front, long in middle, strongly
overlapping, of various sizes and shapes, progressively
much more elongate from 1· to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, but
slightly produced forward, small in contrast to enlarged
coxae 2~4,.·coxa 2 medium, larger than 1, coxa 4 much
longer than coxa 1, lobed, coxa 5 much shorter than 4,
coxae 6-7 not much smaller than coxa 5. Gnathopods 12 diverse; gnathopod 2 greatly ·larger than 1, gnathopod
1 in male subchelate, article 5 long, almost linear,
unlobed, palm .short, article 6 shorter than 5. Gnathopod
2 enlarged, subchelate,with· article 2 not dilated, article
5 much shorter than 6, lobed, article 6 dilated, palm
sculptured, oblique, dactyl long, but shorter than
palm.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls. medium. Pereopods 5-7 similar
to each other, subequally long, pereopod 5 different
from pereopods 6-7, with broader, lobed article 2,
pereopods 6-7 with narrower scarcely lobed article 2,
article 2 of pereopod 7 shorter than that of pereopod 5,
article 4 of pereopod 5 enlarged, dactyl of pereopods
5-7 curved, medium. Sternal processes of thorax
[undescribed]. Coxal gills present on segments 2-3 [?45-6-7]. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate.
Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami equal, shorter
than peduncle, peduncle of uropods 1-2 with
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 of ordinary size,
biramous, both rami short, peduncle elongate, longer
than rami, rami equal, outer ramus with small distal
spine, both tapering and with few other armaments
mostly marginal. Telson entire, short, as broad as long,
ovate or pentagonal, pointed apically, with 2 hooked
apicolateral cusps.
Female unknown. [?Coxae different from male,
usually much longer. Gnathopods small, gnathopod 1
larger than 2, normally poorly subchelate, simple, article
5 shorter longer than almost as long as 6, strongly
weakly unlobed on both gnathopods 1 2. Oostegites
moderately narrow, broad, present on segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Variables. Stephensen saw only four spines on the
outer plate of maxilla 1 but Griffiths found ten.
Relationship. Possibly an ischyrocerid. A rare
corophioid in that coxa 4 is large and lobate with excavate
posterior margin and unusual in the very short coxa 5
like Microjassa. Ischyrocerus megalops also has a short
coxa 5 and several species of Ischyrocerus have
beginnings of posterior excavation on coxa 4.
Uropod 3 is intermediate between isaeids = photids
(Gammaropsis) and Ischyroceridae, a family that is illdefined, heretofore characterised by short even rami of
uropod 3 with hook(s) on the apex of the outer ramus.
Bathyphotis has slightly shortened rami but the apex
of the outer ramus is slightly curved dorsally (see
Griffiths, 1977a: fig.2D). The coxae and telsonic shape
suggest ischyrocerid affinities.
Differing from Pseudischyrocerus and Ventojassa in
the straight rami of uropod 3. From Posophotis in the
rectolinear article 3 of the mandibular palp and
unguiform dactyl of the maxilliped.
Species. Bathyphotis tridentata Stephensen, 1944c
(Griffiths, 1977a) [426BA].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Atlantic Ocean,
1096-2700 m, 1 species.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Bemlos Shoemaker
Figs 45K, 46J
Bernlos Shoemaker, 1925: 36.-Myers, 1988: 188.
Type species. Bernlos rnacrornanus Shoemaker, 1925,
monotypy.
Myers (1988) diagnosis. Article 3 of mandibular
palp with posterior margin straight or weakly concave,
marginal setae of 2 distinct lengths, but terminal setae
longer; left mandibular molar with complex plates,
rounded or with primary plate falcate; anterior margin of
maxilliped [without wing-like flanges]; male gnathopod 1
with propodus very enlarged, carpus generally short,
cup-shaped; uropod 3 peduncle short, expanded, outer
ramus with small second article, long marginal setae and
extremely long distal setae.
Variables. Generalities. Tooth at anteroventral
corner of head large, small or absent. Setation patterns
on antennae 1-2 and on article 3 of mandibular palp
variable specifically. Shape and setation of coxa 1
variable in male, occasionally sharp and produced in
female. Gnathopods 1-2 in male highly variable at specific
level in shapes of articles 2, 5, 6, palmar slope and
sculpture, setosity patterns of articles 2,3,5,6. Dactylar
length on pereopods 3-4 diverse. Setosity of article 2 on
pereopods 5-7, especially 7, highly variable; also
occasionally on epimera, especially epimeron 2.
Presence, size and length of inter-ramal peduncular
process on uropods 1-2 variable. Arrangement, size and
form of ventral processes on sternum of thorax of
specific value.
Specifics. Antenna 2 stouter than normal in male (e.g.
B. foresti); only peduncular article 4 very stout (B.
gambiense); gnathopod 1 merochelate (e.g. B.
parahastatus); both mero- and carpochelate (B.
pseudopunctatus); male dactyl grotesque (B.
longicarpus); gnathopod 2 slightly enlarged, almost
propodochelate, article 5 shorter than 6 (B. gambiense).
See Lembos and all genera of the Myers (1988)
diagnosis.
Species. See K.H. Barnard (1937, 1940), Griffiths
(1973, 1974a,b, 1975), Gurjanova (1951), Ledoyer (1967a,
1968, 1969b, 1974c), Moore (1981, 1984c), Ortiz (1983),
Ruffo (1969), Schellenberg (1928, 1942), Stephensen (1942);
B. achire J.L. Barnard, 1979b [540]; B. aequimanus
Schellenberg, 1938a (J.L. Bamard, 1965a, 1970a) (Ledoyer,
1984) (Myers, 1985b) [530]; B. audbettius J.L. Barnard,
1962a, 1964b [370]; B. australis (Haswell, 1879b, 1882)
(Stebbing, 1906, 1910a) [781]; B. brunneomaculatus (Myers,
1977c, 1978, 1981d) [478]; B. concavus (Stout, 1913) (J.L.
Barnard, 1962a) (Conlan & BOl.lsfield, 1982a) [379]; B.
dentischium (Myers 1977a), B. d. taparum Myers, 1985b
[478 + 481]; B. edentulus (J.L. Bamard, 1967a) [309B]; B.
foresti (Mateus & Mateus, 1966) (Myers, 1978) [400]; B.
175
gambiense (Reid, 1951) [444]; B. griseus (Sivaprakasam,
1970g) [664]; B. intermedius (Schellenberg, 1938a) (J.L.
Barnard, 1970a) (Ortiz, 1978) [381]; B. kergueleni
(Stebbing, 1888) (Walker, 1909b) [851B]; B. kunkelae
(Myers, 1977a) (= B. longipes identification of Kunkel,
1910) [478 + 367]; B. longicarpus (Myers, 1978) [489]; B.
longicornis (Myers, 1978) [489]; B. mackinneyi Myers,
1978, 1981d [474]; B. macromanus Shoemaker, 1925 (J.L.
Barnard, 1962a, 1970a, 1979b) [540 + 530]; B. minimus
(Myers, 1977c) [478]; B. palmatus (Ledoyer, 1972c, 1979a,
1982b) (Myers, 1975b) [690]; B. parahastatus (Myers,
1975b) [683]; (B. kergueleni identification of Chilton,
1909b) [840]; B. pseudopunctatus (Ledoyer, 1978b)
[697]; B. pualani (J.L. Bamard, 1970a) [381]; B. punctatus
(Myers, 1975) [683]; B. quadrimanus (Sivaprakasam, 1970g),
B. q. mozambicus Myers, 1975b (Ledoyer, 1982b) [660];
B. saloteae (Myers, 1985b) [575]; B. setosus (Myers, 1978),
1981d [476]; B. spinicarpus (Pearse, 1912) (Myers, 1979a,
1981d,) B. s. inermis Myers, 1979a, 1981d [478 + 476]; B.
tehuecos (J.L. Barnard, 1979b) [377]; B. teleporus (K.H.
Bamard, 1955) (Ledoyer, 1982b) [745]; B. tempus (Myers,
1979a), 1981d [476]; B. tigrinus (Myers, 1979a, 1981d)
[476]; B. unicornis (Bynum & Fox, 1977) (Myers, 1977a,
1981d) [362]; B. waipio (J.L. Barnard, 1970a) (Ledoyer,
1984) (Myers, 1985b) (= B. processifer of J.L. Bamard,
1965a) [381 + ?483].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, primarily
circumtropical but extending northward to British
Columbia, southward to Magellan, 0-842 m, 35 species.
Bogenjelsia J.L. Barnard
Fig.42I
Bogenfelsia I.L. Bamard, 1962d: 75.-I.L.Bamard, 1973b: 24.
Type species. Bogenfelsia incisa I.L. Bamard, 1962d,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Female. Body subcylindrical, slightly
depressed, smooth; pereonite 1 very short; urosomites
free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes
short, pointed, antennal sinus deep. Eyes, absent. Antenna
1 [mostly missing]. Antenna 2 slender". elongate,
peduncular article 3 slightly elongate, articles 4-5
elongate, flagellum with long articles, mostly broken.
Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum broad, short,
incised. Mandible normal, palp strong, article 3 clavate,
scarcely shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes,
with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
short, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla J ovate, with 1 apical
seta, outer plate with 7 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of
m;lxilla 2 rather broad, short, inner plate with only
mediomarginal .setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with
distal spines, outer. plate very short, reaching one third
to apex of palp article 2, with 1 spine only on medial
margin, palp with 4 articles,article 2 long, article 3
176
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
unlobed, article 4 very long, with medium nail and
setae.
Coxae very small, short, discontiguous, of various
sizes and shapes, progressively shorter from 2 to 4, coxa
1 not dilated, not produced forward, very small, coxa 2
larger than 1, coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, not lobed,
coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7, not smaller than anterior
coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 rather similar, of subequal size,
small, gnathopod 2 slightly larger than 1; gnathopod 1
weakly subchelate, article 5 ordinary, unlobed, longer
than 6, article 6 almond shaped, dactyl large. Gnathopod
2 enlarged, subchelate, article 5 shorter than 6, unlobed,
article 6 large, ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, longer than gnathopods, similar,
with slender article 2, article 4 not dilated, dactyls long.
Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other, progressively longer,
with linear article 2, pereopod 5 shorter than pereopod
7, dactyls short, curved. Sternal processes of thorax
[undescribed]. Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods
[undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2
biramous), normal, rami slightly unequal, shorter (2) than
or almost as long (1) as peduncle, peduncle of uropod
1 with weak ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 well
developed, biramous, both rami equal, short, naked
distally, peduncle longer than rami, elongate, not dilated
medially. Telson entire, short, broad as long, ovate to
pentagonal, pointed apically, almost unarmed.
Male.' Unknown. Oostegites narrow, present [?on
segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Relationship. Like Camacho but rami of uropod 3
equal, gnathopod 2 enlarged, recessment of antenna 2
stronger, and female gnathopod 2 dominant.
Like Bonnierella but coxae much smaller and
discontiguous.
Like Megamphopus lapisi (in Gammaropsis) but coxae
small and epistome unproduced.
See Paradryope.
Species. Bogenfelsia incisa J.L. Bamard, 1962d [702A].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, South Atlantic,
Cape Basin, 4983' m, 1 species.
[?Ischyroceridae] Bonnierella Chevreux
Bonnierella Chevreux, 1900a: 97.-Stebbing, 1906: 737.-J.L.
Barnard, 1967a: 29 (key).-J.L. Barnard, 1969c: 276..-J.L.
Bamard, 1973b: 25.
Type species. Podoceropsis abyssi Chevreux, 1887,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical, slightly depressed,
smooth, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
obsolescent, ocular lobes short, pointed; antennal sinus
weak to deep. (Head as long as pereonites 1-2 together).
Eyes absent. Antennae elongate, 1 slightly longer than
2, both slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1
longer than 1, articles 2-3 longest, accessory flagellum 1
to 2-articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short.
Epistome produced anteriorly. Labrum incised.
Mandible normal, palp very strong, slender, article 3
clavate, shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes,
with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
long, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, with 1
apical seta, outer plate with 6 spines, palp 2-articulate.
Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate without
mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with small
distal spines, outer plate very short, reaching halfway to
apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial margin,
palp with 4 articles, long and thin, article 2 long, article
3 unlobed, article 4 very long, with short nail.
Coxae small, relatively short, weakly overlapping,
progressively even from 1 to 4, coxa 1 dilated,
produced forward slightly, coxa 2 also short, coxa 4 not
longer than coxa 1, barely lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4,
coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods
1-2 of subequal size, large, gnathopod 2 slightly larger
than 1, gnathopod 1 in male' strongly subchelate,
palmgrossly sculptured and oblique, article 5 shorter
than 6, unlobed, article 6 and dactyl very large.
Gnathopod 2 enlarged, weakly subchelate, right and
left diverse, article 5 shorter than 6, unlobed, article 6
dilated, palm sculptured and oblique or "smooth and
obsolescent (left and right), dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 similar, with slender article 2, article 4
dilated, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7 short, similar to each
other, progressively longer, with linear article 2,
pereopod 5 slightly shorter than pereopod 7, dactyl of
pereopods 5-7 curved, long, pereopods 3-7 with article
6 poorly spinose, locking spines usually reduced to 1 or
reduced to setal-form or absent. Sternal processes of
thorax absent. Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods
normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous,
normal, rami equal, shorter (1) or equal (2) to peduncle,
peduncle of uropods 1-2 with ventrodistal process.
Uropod 3 of ordinary length, biramous, both rami short,
subequal, unarmed, peduncle longer than rami, elongate,
outer ramus with microscopic distal wire-like setae in
some species. Telson entire, as broad as long, ovate or
subtriangular, pointed apically (type), with 2 hooked
apical cusps.
Female. Gnathopod 2 smaller and less, sculptured than
in male. Oostegites moderately broad, present on
segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak. Gnathopod 2.
Variables. Inner plate of maxilla 1 with 4 setae (B.
longirama); ventral peduncular spurs of uropods 1-2
doubled (B. palenquia); outer ramus of uropod 3 with 12 spines (B. longirama).
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean ArrlPhllPo(1a
from Aorcho in the
2 and
accessory
from the (iamnlar40DS'lS
1,
reduced inner
CiomlPlt~X
in the large
3, slightly
with
region on
the inner
of maxilla 2, very
spinose article
6 of pereopods
spines either absent or
represented by setae, greater dominance of
mandibular body
mandibular
enlarged dactyl
of maxilliped and
subequal condition of the
antennae.
Very close to Ischyrocerus and allies but outer
ramus of uropod 3 not clearly hooked and article 2 of
pereopods 5-7 rectolinear.
See Paradryope.
A-J.1.1I_.1. .......1..1..1..1.&;;.
Species. Bonnierella abyssi (Chevreux, 1887c, 1900a,
1927) (Stephensen, 1944c) [240B]; B. abyssorum
(Bonnier, 1896) [302B]; B. angolae I.L. Bamard, 1962d
1412A]; B. dimorpha Ledoyer, 1982b [694A]; B. lapisi (I.L.
Bamard, 1962d) [702A]; B. linearis I.L. Barnard, 1964a,
B. I. cali/ornica I.L. Barnard, 1966a [535BA];B.
longirama Ledoyer, 1982b [694A]; B. palenquia I.L.
Barnard, 1967a [309B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan
deep sea, 363-6324 m, 8 species.
Camacho Stebbing
Fig.44A
Camacho Stebbing, 1888: 1178.-Stebbing, 1906: 664.-J.L.
Bamard, 1973b: 16.
Type species. Camacho bathyplous Stebbing, 1888,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical, smooth, urosomites
free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular .lobes
short, pointed, antennal sinus weak to moderate. Eyes
weak or· absent. Antennae long, 1 longer than 2, both
slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 much shorter
than 1, 2 longest, accessory flagellum 4-articulate.
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 elongate, flagellum short,
about 7-articulate. Epistome unproduced anteriorly.
Labrum subrounded, incised. Mandible normal, palp
strong, slender, article 3 semifalciform, shorter than 2.
Labium with entire outer lobes, with well developed inner
lobes, mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate· of
maxilla 1 triangular, with 1 apical seta, outer plate with
11 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary,
inner plate with mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of
maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate normal but
reaching only halfway to apex of palp article 2, with
spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long,
177
article 3
article 4 very
with short nail and
setae.
Coxae very
of
uniform sizes and
not Drc~du~ced . .
from 1 to 4, coxa 1 not
coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, not
coxa 5 as
as 4, coxae 6-7 smaller than anterior coxae. unath.op~~ds
1-2
of equal
feeble to
sublinear
setose,
article 5 slender,
than 6, unJlobed.
ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal,
with slender article 2,
article 4 not dilated,
medium.
5-7
similar to each other, progressively longer~ with sublinear
article 2, pereopod 5 much shorter
pereopod
article 2 of pereopods 6-7 well setose posteriorly, dactyl
of pereopods 5-7 short, curved. Sternal processes of
thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills [undescribed].
Pleopods [undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate.
Uropods 1-2 biramous, rami slightly unequal, shorter (1)
or longer (2) than peduncle, peduncle of uropods 1-2
with ventrodistal process, .that of uropod 2 obsolescent.
Uropod 3 small, very short, biramous, outer ramus much
longer than short peduncle, with vestigial article.2, inner
ramus much shorter than outer ramus, scale-like. Telson
entire, short, as broad as long, ovate or pentagonal,
with 2 tiny hooked. apical cusps.
"1I"lI1CIJI·lI"li
Female. Oostegites narrow, present on segments 3-
5.
Sexual dimorphism. None.
Relationship. Differing from Aorcho in the r~duced
inner ramus of uropod 3. From Unciola in the nonenlarged gnathopod 1 and absence of large tooth on
epimeron 3 (a generic character of this group). From
Siphonoecetes and allies in the 3-articulate mandibular
palp, presence of accessory flagellum, and. the subequal,
feeble gnathopods. From Ledoyerella and allies in the
short inner ramus of uropod 3 and the shallow recessment
of antenna 2. From Neohela in the. biramous uropod 3,
clavate article 3 of mandibular palp, unexpanded propodi
of the gnathopods and the mediofacial setae on the
inner plate of maxilla 2. From Unciolella in the large carpi
on the gnathopods and the biramous uropod 3.
See Bogenfelsia and Grandidierella.
Species. Camacho bathyplous Stebbing, 1888, 1908b,
1910b (I.L. Barnard, 1961a) (Griffiths, 1974c) [757 + BA].
Habitat· and distribution. Marine, austral cold and
deep seas, 77-2640 m, 1 species.
Cerapopsis Della Valle
Figs 45N, 46K
Cerapopsis Della Valle, 1893: 388.
178
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13.(Part 1)
Type species. Cerapopsis longipes Della Valle, 1893,
monotypy.
Diagnosis.. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes elongate, produced forward, blunt,
antennal sinus deep. Eyes small, at apices of ocular lobes.
Antennae short, subequal, both slender, peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 almost as long as 1, article 2
longest, accessory flagellum vestigial ,or absent, main
flagellar articles about 6. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
scarcely elongate, flagellum with about 6 articles.
Epistome
[?unproduced anteriorly].
Labrum
subrounded, incised. Mandible normal, palp strong,
slender, article 3 clavate, shorter than 2. Labium with
entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes,
mandibular lobes short, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1
triangular, short, with 1 apical seta, outer plate with 11
spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary,
inner plate with only mediomarginal setae. Inner plate
of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate normal,
almost reaching, apex of palp article 2, with spines on
medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article
3 unlobed, article 4 short, with long setae.
Coxae long, weakly overlapping, of various sizes
and shapes, progressively elongate from 2 to 4, coxa 1
weakly dilated, weakly produced forward, small in
contrast to enlarged coxae 3-4, coxa 2 also short, coxae
3-4 longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4,
coxae 6-7 much smaller than· anterior coxae. Gnathopods
1-2 diverse; of subequal size, large, gnathopod 2
slightly larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male poorly
subchelate, article 5 long, linear, longer than 6, unlobed,
palm short. Gnathopod 2 chelate, with article 2 barely
dilated, article 5 much shorter than 6, lobed, article 6
dilated, sometimes with false chela, dactyl huge, apically
setose.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article ·2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to
each other, not progr~ssively longer, 5-6 barely
prehensile, pereopods 5-6 scarcely shorter than and
different from pereopod 7, with broader, lobed article 2,
pereopod 7 with narrow, unlobed article 2, pereopods
5-6 with different dactyl, with tooth, dactyl of pereopod
7 medium, curved, without accessory spine on outer
margin. Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal
gills [undescribed], present on segments [?2-6].
Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 12 biramous, normal, rami unequal, much shorter than
peduncle, peduncle of uropods 1-2 without
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 of ordinary length,
biramous, outer ramus short, I-articulate, recurved
apically, [?with apicolateral teeth], peduncle slightly
longer than rami, inner ramus vestigial. Telson entire,
short, broader than long, ovate or pentagonal,
pointed apically, [probably with 2 hooked apical cusps].
Female.. Coxae different from male, 1-2 much longer
and more normal. GI)athopods small, gnathopod 2 larger
than 1, normally (2) to poorly (1) subchelate. Article' 5
shorter (2) or longer (1) than 6, unlobed (1) or strongly
lobed on gnathopod 2. Oostegites narrow, present on
segments [?2- 5].
Sexual dimorphism.. Strong. Gnathopods.
Relationship.. Although Krapp-Schickel (1976b)
synonymised this genus with Photis and the type
species of this genus is an obvious advancement from
species in Photis, the following differences of Cerapopsis
can be utilised to preserve the genus: anteriorly
produced coxa 1, small coxa 2, carpochelate gnathopod
2 on the male, and lack of tooth on dactyl of pereopod
5. Despite this lack, pereopod 5 retains the prehensility
of Photis. The. ramus of uropod 3 is almost as long as
and as wide as the peduncle and, like a few species of
Photis, the inner plate of maxilla 2 lacks facial setae and
article 6 of pereopods 3-4 is long and naked.
Cerapopsis differs from Ampelisciphotis in the
enlarged and carpochelate male gnathopod 2, small
coxa 2, lack of facial setae on the inner plate of
maxilla 1, and the equality in width of the base of ramus
and apex of the peduncle on uropod. 3.
See Audulla.
Species.. Cerapopsis longipes Della Valle, 1893 (= C.
longicarpa Chevreux, 1926b) (Krapp-Schickel, 1976b)
[330 + 340].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Mediterranean to
Senegal, shallow to 80 m, 1 species.
[Ischyroceridae] Cerapus Say
Figs 44D, 45V, 46L
Cerapus Say, 1817: 49.-Stebbing, 1906: 665.-J.L. Barnard,
1969c: 188.-J.L. Barnard, 1973b: 25.-Lincoln, 1979a: 566.
Cerapodina Milne Edwards, 1840: 62 (Cerapodina abdita
Milne Edwards, 1840 (= Cerapus abditus Templeton,
1836b), monotypy.
Type species.. Cerapus tubularis Say, 1817, monotypy.
Diagnosis.. Body cylindrical, occasionally dorsally
corrugated, slightly depressed, urosomites free,
urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum short to long, thorn-like,
ocular lobes short, blunt; antennal sinus deep. (Head as
long as pereonites 1-2 together). Eyes present, moderate
to weak. Antennae large, nearly subequal, both stout;
peduncular articles of antenna 1 various, in type 1 = 2
:::: 3,. accessory flagellumabsent, main. flagellar articles
very few. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short,
flagellum with few articles (3-4 in type). Epistome
unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, barely
incised. Mandible normal, palp strong, slender, article 3
clavate, shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes,
with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
long, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1 subcircular, small,
with 1 apical seta, outer plate with 7 spines, palp 2articulate. Outer plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner
plate with only mediomarginal setae near apex. Inner
plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate normal,
not reaching apex of palp article 2, with spines, on
medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 very short, with long nail and
setae.
Coxae very small, relatively short, barely
contiguous, of various sizes and shapes, scarcely but
slightly elongate from 1 to 4, not spiniform, coxa 1 not
dilated, not produced forward, coxa 2 also short, coxa
4 scarcely longer than coxa 1, not posteriorly lobed, coxa
5 much longer than 4, very elongate anteroposteriorly
especially in female, thoracic segment 5 also elongate,
coxae 6-7 not smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods
1-2 diverse; gnathopod 2 greatly larger than 1,
gnathopod 1 in male weakly subchelate, article 5 short,
lobed, as long as 6. Gnathopod 2 enlarged, weakly
subchelate, carpochelate in male, with article 2 dilated,
article 5 as long as 6, much stouter than 6, lobed,' article
6 slender, dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 similar, with inflated article 2, article 4
slightly dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 dissimilar to
each other, progressively longer, pereopod 5 much
shorter than and different from pereopods 6-7, with
broader article 2, article 4 broad, lunate, enveloping
article 5, latter tiny, lunate and cryptic; pereopods 6-7 with
narrower unlobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7
almost geniculate, with accessory tooth on outer
margin. Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal
gills present on segments 3-7. Pleopods partially
reduced towards posterior, with dilated base of outer
ramus. Epimeron 3 bisinuate. Uropod 1 biramous, stout,
rami unequal, much shorter than peduncle, without
ventrodistal process, uropod 2 with only 1 vestigial
ramus. Uropod 3 small, very short, uniramous, ramus
very short, spinelike, recurved apically, peduncle not
dilated medially. Telson entire, short,. reduced, much
broader than long, cleft, covered with hooks.
Female. Sexual dimorphism (except for oostegites),
strong. Coxae different from male, usually much longer
or broader on segment 5. Gnathopods small, subequal,
alike, like gnathopod 1 of male, poorly subchelate, article
5 as long as 6, lobed. Oostegites 2-4 moderately
narrow, 5 broad.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods.
Variables. Tubes thick and distinctive, annulated,
occasionally cones formed of uniform sand grains.
Article 1 of antenna .1 elongated and toothed, article
2 short, article 3 scarcely longer than 2 but shorter
than 1 (e.g. C. crassicornis); antennae 1'-2 especially
slender (C. erae); medial margin of inner plate on
maxilla 2 with varying degrees of setation; gnathopod 1
linear, simple (C. harfootus); article 5 of pereopod 5
granular (many species, perhaps of generic value);
179
inner rami of pleopods 2-3 strongly reduced (C.
crassicornis).
Relationship. Differing from Siphonoecetes and
allies in the 3-articulate mandibular palp, shorter
antennae, unexpanded peduncle of uropod 3, large
carpochelate male gnathopod 2, simple pereopod 7 (not
of the setose tanaid-like form seen in Siphonoecetes) and
the habit of building their own structured stiff, thick
tubes freely (versus collecting of shells and lining of
objects with variable tube masses).
From Chevreuxius in the reversed dominance of
male gnatliopods, with gnathopod 2 being the
enlarged pair. From Ericthonius and Pseuderichthonius
in the loss of all but one seta on the inner plate. of
maxilla 1, and in the reduction of article 5 on pereopod
5 to a lunate fomi.
See Baracuma and Runanga.
Species. Cerapus abditus Templeton, 1836b
(?Stebbing, 1910a; ?Pirlot, 1938; ?Pillai, 1957; ?Nayar,
1959) (? = C. calamicola Giles, 1885a) (? = C. flindersi
identification of Walker & Scott, 1903) (Ledoyer, 1986)
[TL= 697, ? + 743, 660, 793]; C. benthophilus Thomas &
Heard, 1979 [476]; [C. bidens Czemiavsky, 1868 (Stebbing,
1906) [334]]; C. comparativus Kudrjaschov,1975 [286];·C.
crassicornis (Bate, 1857d) (Sars, ,1895) (Stephensen, 1942)
(Lincoln, 1979a) [240]; C. erae Bulycheva, 1952 [391]; C.
fallohideus Lowry, 1981b [774]; C.flindersi Stebbing, 1888
(?Chilton, 1892b) [784]; C. harfootus Lowry, 1981b [775];
C. longirostris Shen, 1936 [396]; C. oceanicus Lowry, 1985
[573]; C. oppositus K.H. Barnard, 1932 (Lowry, 1981b)
[835 + 872]; C. pacificus Lowry, 1985 (Myers, 1985c) [576];
[C. pelagicus Milne Edwards, 1840 (Stebbing, 1906)]; C.
polutovi Gurjanova, 1951 [281]; [C. ponticus Marcusen,
1867 (Della Valle, 1893) [334]]; C. sismithi Stebbing, 1888
(Lowry, 1981b) ]840]; C. stoorus Lowry, 1981b [774]; C.
tubularis Say, 1817 (Bousfield, 1973) [362]; other
principal illustrated citations to C. tubularis,
identifications unknown: Alonso, 1980; Griffiths, 1973,
1974b,c, 1975; Hirayama, 1985b; Kunkel, 1918; Ledoyer,
1979a, 1986; Morino, 1976; Nagata, 1965c; "species" = C.
tubularis ofJ.L. Bamard, 1962a, 1964b, 1969a (tube = rusty
cylinder) [373]; "species" = C. tubularis of Nagata, 1965c
[395].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan,
especially well developed in tropics and warmtemperate, many new species to be described;
especially present in estuaries, lagoons, marshes, 0-216
m, 16 species.
Chaetocorophium Karaman
Chaetocorophium Karaman, 197ge: 98
Type species. Paracorophium lucasi Hurley, 1954e,
original designation.
180
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
6,
urosomites
urosomite
ocular lobes
Rostrum
small. Antennae short
antennal sinus
to me:d.lllm,
1
antenna 2 stout;
~1'" article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, article
J.VJ.j.~'V":,\l..~ accessory
or
main
tlaj~ellum well
article
stout in both s~xes. Epistome
anteriorly]. Labrum [?slightly incised].
palp strong, slender, article 3
rectolinear, shorter than 2, apex obliquely truncate.
Labium with
outer lobes, with well-developed
inner lobes, mandibular lobes short, blunt]. Inner plate
of maxilla 1 [?linguiform], without apical setae, outer plate
with 9 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2
ordinary, inner plate with only mediomarginal setae.
Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate
abnormal, long, almost reaching apex of palp article 2,
with· dense double row of short setae on medial margin,
palp with· 4 articles, article 2 long, article 310bed, article
4 very short, with medium setae.
Coxae ordinary to long, [?probably not strongly
overlapping, not progre~sively elongate from 1 to 4,
coxa 1 dilated,·· produced forward, coxa 2 also short, coxa
4 not longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as
long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae].
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, of subequal size, small, both with
linear articles, densely setose, gnathopod 2 slightly
larger than 1, gnathopod. 1 in male subchelate, article 5
long, not linear, unlobed, palm short and transverse,
article 6 slender, shorter than 5. Gnathopod 2 very
setose, barely enlarged, subchelate, almost parachelate,
with article 2 not dilated, article 4 enlarged, merochelate,
extended away from posterior margin of article 5, article
5 as long as 6, more slender than 6, unlobed, article 6
scarcely dilated, with false chela, dactyl medium, slightly
overlapping transverse palm.
Pereopods 3-4· [?normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls long]. Pereopods 5-7 similar to
each other, progressively slightly longer, not
prehensile, pereopod 5 shorter than pereopod 7,
pereopods 5-7 with broad unlobed article 2, dactyl of
pereopods 5-7 short, curved, without accessory spi?e on
outer margin. Sternal processes of thorax [undescrlbed].
Coxal gills [undescribed, present on segments ?2-6].
Pleopods [?normal]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. /Uropods
1-2 biramous, stout, rami slightly unequal, shorter than
peduncle, peduncle of uropod 1 with ventrodistal
process. Uropod 3 small, very short, biramous, both rami
very short, peduncle shorter than outer rami, very short,
flat, dilated medially, outer ramus obtuse distally, 1articulate, almost foliaceous, inner ramus much shorter
than outer ramus, apically -spinosetose, scale-like. Telson
entire, short, broader than long, pentagonal,
hooked apical cusps.
very
tapering, dactyl short but overlapping palm
strongly. Oostegites
on segments
Sexual
Weak.
2.
""'.0.'''11111 ....''''1111
Female. Sexual dimorphism (except for oostegites),
weak. Coxae different from male, usually much longer.
Gnathopod 2 small, almost simple, article 5 slender, longer
from
in ilie
presence of a double row of short set~e. along the
inner margin of the outer lobe on the maxllhped. From
Stenocorophium in the biramous uropod 3, chelate
male gnathopod 2 and normal male pereopod 7
(extraordinarily enlarged in Stenocorophium).
Species. Chaetocorophium lucasi (Hurley, 1954e)
(Chapman & Lewis, 1976) (Karaman, 197ge) [936F].
Habitat and distribution. Freshwater, but marine
derived, New Zealand, Rotoiti Lake, Lake Waikare, 1
species.
Cheirimedeia J.L. Barnard
Cheirimedeia J.L. Bamard, 1962a: 50.-Conlan, 1983: 34.
Type species. Protomedeia zotea J.L. Bamard, 1962a,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Like Protomedeia but article 4 of
pereopods 3-4 more strongly overlapping article 5 (very
subtle); in all but one species, inner ramus of uropod 3
half or less as long as outer ramus; antenna 1 not longer
than antenna 2.
Variables. Proportions and ornaments on gnathopods;
palm of gnathopod 2 deeply incised, defined by large
gaping tooth (C. palmata); rami of uropod 3 subequal (C.
similicarpa); spines on uropod 3 long and slender (C.
macrodactyla).
Relationship. A very difficult genus to detect
because the degree of lapping over article 5 by article
4 of pereopods 3 and 4 is a subtlety. All species but C.
similicarpa .have the inner ramus on uropod 3 half or
less as long as the outer ramus, a more useful
character. All species have antennae 1 and 2 subequal
or antenna 1 shorter than 2, a better character.
Differing from Protomedeia in the weak setosity on
the anterior margins of pereopods 3 and 4 (articles
4-6): all articles with fewer than 5 setal groups.
See Leptocheirus and Pagurisaea.
Species. Cheirimedeia alaskensis (Stebbing, 1910a,=
homonym C. dentatus Holmes, 1908) (Gurjanova, 1951)
[280]; C. dulkeiti (Gurjanova, 1951) [281]; C. gurjanovae
(Bulycheva, 1951) (Gurjanova, 1951) [220]; C. macrocarpa
(Bulycheva, 1952), C. m. americana Conlan, 1983 [391 +
270]; C. macrodactyla Conlan, 1983 [275]; C. palmata
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Oammaridean AmlPhl.po(1a
3
and
181
1-2
much shorter than
without ventrodistal process.
uni- or
both rami
often dilated tnP~rll~'II"
outer ramus with small
ramus
shorter than
m, 8
Walker
Figs 41A, 55G
Cheiriphotis Walker, 1904: 283.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 16.
Type species.
monotypy.
Melita
megacheles
Oiles,
1885,
Female. Coxae different from male, usually much
longer. Gnathopods small, gnathopod 2 larger· than 1,
normally subchelate, article 5 of· gnathopod 2 shorter
than 6, lobed. Oostegites [?moderately broad, present on
segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopod 2.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal; urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, pointed, antennal sinus weak
to deep. Eyes small. Antennae of medium length,
nearly subequal, both slender, peduncular article 3 of
antenna 1 shorter than 1, articles 1-2 longest, accessory
flagellum pluriarticulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
short, flagellum often short. Epistome unproduced
anteriorly. Labrum incised. Mandible normal, palp
strong, slender, article 3 rectolinear or clavate, article 3
scarcely shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes,
with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes short,
pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, large, with a
row of medial setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with
mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with
distal spines, outer plate normal, not reaching apex of
palp article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4
articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 long,
stubby, with long nail and setae.
Coxae small, relatively short, weakly overlapping, of
various sizes and shapes, progressively elongate from 2
to 4, spiniform, coxa 1 dilated, produced forward, coxa
2 shorter than 1, broad, coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1,
not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 smaller than
anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse; gnathopod 2
greatly larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male subchelate,
article 5 long, unlobed, longer than 6. Gnathopod 2
enlarged, subchelate, with article 2 slightly dilated, with
article 4 enlarged, extended distally along posterior
margin of article 5, article 5 shorter than 6, very short,
often seemingly absent or fused to article 4, lobed,
article 6 greatly dilated, sometimes with false chela or
processes on posteroproximal margin, dactyl long.
Pereopods similar, with·· inflated article 2, article ·4
dilated, dactyIs short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each
other, progressively longer, pereopod 5 much
shorter than pereopod 7, pereopods 5-7 with broad,
lobed, setose article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 curved,
medium. Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills
[undescribed, present on segments ?2-6]. Pleopods
Variables. Recessment of antenna 2 variable, from
weak to deep; male gnathopod 2 with merus and
carpus fused, propodus huge, palm transverse (e.g. C.
walkeri); inner ramus of uropod 3· present or absent.
Relationship. Differing from Photis and Microphotis
in the multiarticulate accessory flagellum, plate-like
peduncle of uropod 3, and short coxae, with coxa 1
produced forward (some exceptions occur in Photis).
From Protomedeia and Cheirimedeia in the plate-like
peduncle of uropod 3, short carpus of gnathopod 2,
and lessened sexual dimorphism in gnathopod .2.
Very close to but differing from MicroprotoRus in
the short but diverse anterior coxae, lessened
sexual dimorphism in gnathopods and longer article 3
of antenna 1.
A complex genus to identify because uropod 3 may
be uni- or biramous depending on age of the
individuals. Unusual in the large, lobate article 2 of
pereopods 5-7.
See Dercothoe, Isaeopsis, Microjassa and Pagurisaea.
Species. Cheiriphotis australiae Stebbing, 1910a [7811;
delloyei Pirlot, 1934 [604B]; c. durbanensis K.H.
Bamard, 1916 (Ledoyer, 1969b, 1973a, 1979a, 1982b)
[745]; C. erythraeus Ruffo, 1969 [677];C. geniculata K.H.
Bamard, 1916 [666]; C. madagascarensis Ledoyer, 1979a,
1982b [698]; C. mediterranea Myers, 1983a [343]; C.
megacheles (Giles, 1885b) (Walker, 1904) (Pillai, 1957)
(Nayar, 1959, 1967) (Rabindranath, 1971b) (?= C. hirsutus
Giles, 1887) (?= C. monuropus Walker, 1909b) [685]; C.
minima Ledoyer, 1982b [698]; C. walkeriStebbing, 1918
(?K.H. Bamard, 1940) (?Griffiths, 1975 and antecedents)
[743]; "species" =C. megacheles ofJ~L.Barnard, 1962a,
1969a, 1979b, (possibly = C. delloyei) [369]; "species" =
?C. megacheles of Imbach, 1969 [655].
c.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, circumtropical
and warm-temperate, including eastern Mediterranean, 0794 m, 10 species.
182
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Chevalia Walker
ramus. Telson entire, short, as broad as long, pentagonal,
with 2 hooked apical cusps ·and many setae.
Fig.40F
Chevalia Walker, 1904: 288.-J.L. Bamard, 1969c: 271.-J.L.
Bamard, 1973b: 16.-Conlan, 1983: 60.
Neophotis Stout, 1913: 653 (Neophotis inaequalis Stout,
1913, monotypy).
Type species. C hevalia aviculae Walker,
monotypy.
1904,
Diagnosis. Anterior body subcylindrical, slightly
depressed, posterior body laterally compressed,
smooth, urosomites 1-2 coalesced. Rostrum short, ocular
lobes short, blunt; antennal sinus weak to moderate.
Eyes medium. Antennae of medium length, 1 slightly
longer than 2, both slender, peduncular article 3 of
antenna 1 shorter than 1, article 2 longest, accessory
flagellum 2 to 3+articulate, main flagellar articles
numerous. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short,
flagellum with 7+· articles. Epistome unproduced
anteriorly. Labrum broad, short, incised. Mandible
normal, palp strong, stout, article 3 clavate, shorter than
2.. Labium with entire outer lobes, with well-developed
inner lobes, mandibular lobes short, blunt. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 triangular, short, with a row of medial setae,
outer plate with 10-11 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of
maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with mediofacial row of
setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer
plate short, reaching halfway to apex of palp article 2,
with spines on medial margin, palp. with 4 articles,
article 2 long, .article 3 unlobed, article 4 very short,
stubby, with long to medium· nail and setae.
Coxae small, relatively short, mostly discontiguous,
progressively shorter from 2 to 4, weakly spiniform, coxa
1 barely dilated, scarcely produced forward, coxa 2
larger than 1, often produced, coxa 4 shorter than coxa
1, not lobed, coxa 5 shorter than 4, coxae 6-7 not much
smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse;
gnathopod 2 greatly larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male
poorly subchelate, article 5 long, sublinear, unlobed,
longer than 6. Gnathopod 2. enlarged, subchelate, with
article 2 not dilated, article 5 much shorter than 6, lobed,
article 6 dilated, sometimes with false chela, dactyl
short.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods' 5-7 similar to
each other, progressively longer, with weakly to
strongly expanded article 2, pereopod 5 much shorter
than pereopod 7, pereopods 5-7 with narrow to broad,
occasionally almost lobed article 2, dactyl geniculate,
with accessory tooth on outer margin. Sternal processes
of thorax absent. .Coxal·· gills . thin, present on .segments
2-6. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate.
Uropods 1-2 biramous; normal, rami unequal, inner
longer than .peduncle, peduncles without ventrodistal
process. Uropod 3 small, biramous, both rami short,
obtuse and setose distally, peduncle subequal to rami,
short, not dilated medially, inner ramus longer than outer
Female. Oostegites narrow, present on segments 3
or 4 to 5.
Sexual
dimorphism. None.
Variables. Antennae and mandibular palp immense
(C. mexicana); inner plate of maxilla 1 naked (Ledoyer,
1982b); anteroventral corner of coxa 1 blunt or sharp;
palm of gnathopod 2 oblique or transverse, with sinus or
not; article 2 of pereopods 3-4 dilated (Ledoyer, 1982b);
article 2 of pereopods 5-7 ovate to subquadrate, weakly
to strongly expanded, occasionally sublobate; oostegites
2-3 pairs.
Relationship. Characterised by coalesced
urosomites 1-2, tooth on pereopodal dactyls,
discontinguous coxae but 2 rami on uropod 3; in terms
of gnathopods and antennae otherwise resembling
Protomedeia, Leptocheirus and Goesia.
See Rakiroa.
Species. Chevalia aviculae Walker, 1904 (Ledoyer,
1972c, 1979a, 1982b) Barnard & Thomas, 1987 [690]; C.
carpenteri Barnard & Thomas, 1987 [460]; C. inaequalis
(Stout, 1913) (= C. aviculae of Shoemaker, 1942 and lL.
Barnard, 1962a) (Barnard & Thomas, 1987) [370]; C.
mexicana Pearse, 1913 (Bamard & Thomas, 1987) [460];
"species" (C. aviculae of J.L. Barnard, 1979b [546];
"species" (C. aviculae of J.L. Barnard, 1970a and
Myers, 1985c) [550]; "species" (C. aviculaeof Conlan,
1983) [271].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, circumtropical
north to British Columbia, Florida, shallow, 4 species.
Chevreuxius Bonnier
Chevreuxius Bonnier, 1896: 663.-J.L. Bamard 1973b: 16.
Type species. Chevreuxius grandimanus Bonnier, 1896,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body cylindrical,. slightly depressed,
smooth, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, scarcely pointed, antennal
sinus weak. Eyes· absent. Antennae long, nearly subequal,
both slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 slightly
shorter than ·1 ,article 2 scarcely longest, accessory
flagellum 1.25-articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
scarcely elongate, flagellum much shorter than article 5
of peduncle, 4-articulate. Epistome unproduced
anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, scarcely incised.
Mandible normal, palp strong, slender, article 3 clavate,
longer than 2. Labium with entire outer'lobes, with well-
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
de~eloped inner lobes, mandibular lobes long,
pOInted. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, short, with
1 apical seta, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner plate
with only mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of
maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate normal, almost
reaching apex of palp article 2, with spines on
medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 medium, with short nail and
setae.
Coxae very small, short, not contiguous, of uniform
sizes and shapes, progressively shorter from 2 to 4,
coxa 1 not dilated,' not produced forward, coxa 2
scarcely larger than 1, coxa 4 shorter than coxa 1, not
lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4, coxae 6-7 not smaller
than a.nterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse; gnathopod
1 greatly larger than 2, gnathopod 1 in male subchelate,
carpochelate, article 5 long, lobed, palm short and
transverse, excavate, article 6 very large, short, thick,
dactyl medium. Gnathopod 2 weakly subchelate, feeble,
linear, with article 2 not dilated, article 5 longer than 6,
unlobed, article 6 more slender than article 5, dactyl
ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2
article 4 scarcely dilated, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, progressively longer, with almost
linear article 2, pereopod 5 much shorter than pereopod
7, pereopod 7 with setose unlobed article 2, dactyl of
pereopods 5-7 short, curved. Sternal processes of thorax
[undescribed]. Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods
[undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropod 1
biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal, shorter than
peduncle, peduncle without ventrodistal process,
uropod 2 with only 1 ramus, ramus shorter than peduncle,
latter with large apicomedial spine. Uropod 3 small,
uniramous, single ramus short, obtuse distally, with few
~aments mostly apical, peduncle longer than ramus,
dIlated medially. Telson entire, short, broader than
long, ovate or semicircular, with 2 tiny hooked apical
cusps.
183
Columbaora Conlan & Bousfield
Columbaora Conlan & Bousfield, 1982b: 83.
Type species. Columbaora cyclocoxa Conlan
Bousfield, 1982b, original designation.
&
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite' 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, blunt; antennal sinus weak to
moderate. Eyes small. Antennae very long, 1 much
longer than 2, both slender; peduncular article 3 of
antenna 1 shorter than 1, article 2 longest, accessory
flagellum 1.25-articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
short, flagellum short, with 6-7 articles. Epistome
unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, entire.
Mandible normal, palp strong, slender, article 3 semifalciform, much longer than 2, well setose. LabiuID with
entire outer lobes, with well-developed i~ner lobes,
mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1
with 1 apical seta, outer plate with 10 spines, palp 2articulate. Plates of maxilla 2~ ordinary, inner plate with
mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with
distal spines, outer plate normal, reaching apex of palp
article 2, with spines on medial margin,palp with 4
articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 long,
with short nail and setae.
Coxae 2-7 ordinary, overlapping, of various sizes and
shapes, not progressively elongate from 2 to 4, coxa 1
hugely dilated, produced forward to cover head and
base of antennae, coxa 2 short, coxa 4 barely longer
than coxa 2, not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4, coxae
6-7 smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse,
of subequal size, large, both with linear articles, densely
setose; gnathopod 1 slightly larger than 2, in male
poorly propodochelate, also weakly carpochelate and
hugely merochelate, article 5 long, linear, palm short
and transverse, dactyl ·very large. Gnathopod 2. also
enlarged, weakly subchelate, linear, with article 2 not '
dilated but setose, article 4 barely enlarged, extended
Female unknown. Oostegites [?narrow, present on , and fused distally along posterior margin of article 5, 5
segments 2-5].
much longer than 6, unlobed, article 6 more .slender,
with false chela, dactyl short.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
article 4 scarcely dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7
weakly similar to each other, progressively longer,
Relationship. Differing from Grandidierella in the
pereopod
5 much shorter than and different from
uniramous uropod 3.
pereopod
7,
with narrower unlobed article 2 and short
From Siphonoecetes and allies in the fully 3-articulate
articles
4-6;
pereopod
7 with broad almost lobed article
mandibular palp, enlarged carpochelate male
2,
articles
4-6
long
and
slender,. dactyl of pereopods 5gnathopod 1, and the non-expanded peduncle of
7
curved,
short.
Sternal
processes of thorax present on
uropod 3.
segment
1
in
male.
Coxal
gills present on [?segments 2See Baracuma and
6].'· Pleopods [undescribed]. 'Epimeron 3 not bisinuate.
Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami equal, longer than
Species. Chevreuxius grandimanus Bonnier, 1896
peduncle, peduncle of uropods 1~2 with large
[303B].
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 of medium length,
biramous, both rami subequal, moderately. long, narrow,
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Bay of Biscay,
tapering, obtuse and setose distally, peduncle shorter
950 m, 1 species.
than rami, outer ramus with small or .vestigial article ·2.
184
Records of the
Telson
f\.U~~lfaJnan
Museum
~up'Dlen[1ent
broader
with 2 hooked
13 (Part 1)
monotypy.
groups.
Female..
small,
than 2, almost simple,
6, unlobed on both
present on [?segments
diagnosis.. Head with ocular lobes
strongly produced; article 3 of mandibular palp with
posterior margin sinuous; left mandibular molar
traversed with parallel channels; anterior margin of
maxilliped [?with wing-like flanges, not described]; male
gnathopod 1 merus elongate and acute, carpus larger
than propodus; uropod 3 peduncle relatively elongate,
poorly expanded, rami with spines, but no marginal setae,
outer ramus with small second article bearing a pair of
relatively short setae.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods, coxa 1.
Relationship. Differing from Aora, Aoroides, and
Arctolembos in the immense coxa 10f the male. Unlike
Aora and Aoroides, male gnathopod 2 is also enlarged
and has a long carpus. The carpochela of male
gnathopod'l is very elongate and reaches well along the
propodus; gnathopod 1 is also slightly carpochelate and
propodochelate but some 'extraneous' species of
Lembos also have this condition. Unlike Aoroides the
accessory flagellum has 1.25 articles. Unlike most
species of Aora, Aoroides and Arctolembos article 2 of
male pereopod 7 is not heavily setose, in fact setae are
virtually absent. Arctolembos has a bifid ocular lobe
and unusual relationship between the "outer plate and
palp on the maxilliped.
See Aorella, Lembos, and all genera of the Myers
(1988) diagnosis.
Species. Columbaora cyclocoxa Conlan & Bousfield,
1982b [270]; C. longipalpa (Kunkel, 1910) [367].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, boreal northeastern 'Pacific, B·ermuda, 0 m, 2 species.
Corophium Latreille
Figs 39F, 40B, 42F, 43D,E, 45G,Q, 46N
C()r()phiurn Latreille, 1806: 58.=J.L. Ba.ma.td, 1969c: 190.=
J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 17.-Myers, 1982b: 185.
Audouinia Costa, 1851: 24 (nomen nudum) (Audouinia
acherusica Costa, 1851, monotypy, nomen nudum).
Type species. "Corophium longicorne Fab." = Gammarus
longicornis Fabricius, 1779 = Oniscus volutator Pallas, 1766,
1
ocular lobes
or
Antennae of
various lengths, 1 shorter
2, 1
antenna 2
1,
stout; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 shorter
article 1 longest or 2 = 1, accessory flagellum vestigial
or absent. Antenna 2 gland cone usually spur-like,
peduncular article 3 short, peduncle stouter in male but
very stout in both sexes, article 4 massive, 5 less
massive, both sculptured and spinose, less strongly so in
female, flagellum very short, 2+articulate. Epistome
unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, entire ,or
deeply incised. Mandible normal, palp weak, very
slender, with 2-3 articles, article 1 usually missing, article
3 rectolinear, shorter than or as long as 2, attached to
2 usually in geniculate fashion, article 2 often produced
apically. Labium with entire outer lobes, with welldeveloped inner lobes, mandibular lobes short, blunt.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, short to vestigial,
without setae, outer plate with 7 spines, palp 2-articulate.
Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary to narrow, diverse or not,
inner plate with mediofacial row of setae barely
submarginal or with only mediomarginal setae. Inner
plate of maxilliped normal or often reduced, slender,
pointed, with distal setae, outer plate long, reaching apex
of, palp article 2, with spines or setae only on medial
margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3
unlobed, article 4 short, with long nail and setae.
Coxae very small, short, discontiguous, of various
sizes and shapes, progressively shorter from 1 to 4, coxa
1 dilated, produced forward, coxa 2 short, coxa 4
shorter than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae
6-7 barely smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2
diverse, of subequal size, small, both with linear
articles, densely setose, gnathopod 2 slightly larger than
1, gnathopod 1 in male subchelate, article 5 long, linear,
unlobed, palm short and transverse or oblique.
Gnathopod 2 simple, linear, with article 4 enlarged,
inflated, heavily setose, incipiently merochelate,
grossly extended and fused distally along, posterior
margin of article 5, article 5 shorter than 6, unlobed,
article 6 narrow, more slender than article 5,dactyl
ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 abnormal, longer than gnathopods,
similar, with slightly inflated article 2, article 4 dilated,
article 5 tiny, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-:-6 much shorter
than and different from pereopod 7, with narrower
article 2, tiny reniform article 5 with facial spination,
pereopods 5..7 with narrow, setose, unlobed article 2,
pereopods 6-7 with differently pointing dactyl; articles 46 of pereopod 7 elongate, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,
curved, without accessory spine on outer margin.
Sternal processes of thorax absent. Cox~l gills present
on segments 3-6. Pleopods with dilated peduncle.
Epimeron 3 bisinuate or not. Uropods 1-2 biramous,
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean A.m.phlpO(la
Female. Antenna 2 less stout. Rostrum
distinctive. Coxae not different from male. Gnathopods
like those of male. Oostegites moderately narrow,
present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak; antenna 2, rostrum.
Variables. Specific taxonomy based on size and
shape of rostrum (but also variable between sexes of one
species), shape, sculpture and 3-dimensional spine
patterns on article 1 of antenna 1, articles 1-5 of antenna
2, females having antenna 2 smaller, less sculptured,
largely distinguished by spine patterns; tooth patterns on
dactyls of gnathopods; fusion and shape of urosomites;
shapes and setation of uropod 3.
Mandibular palp with article 1 present (e.g. C. ellisi,
monospinum), article 2 (or basalmost) strongly produced
(e.g. C. baconi), article 3 (or terminalmost) very short
(e.g. C. heteroceratum); dactyl of maxilliped vestigial (C.
heteroceratum); urosomites simply fused together and
with uropods 1-2 attached in lateral notches (e.g. C.
crassicornis) or urosome forming boat with lateral rim,
uropods 1-2 attached under urosome (e.g. C. baconi);
ramus of uropod 3 rodlike and or peduncle elongate
and thin (e.g. C. runcicorne).
Relationship. A corophioid genus with the rare
condition of article 1 of antenna 1 dominant.
Characterised by the stout antenna 2 in both sexes
combined with heavily filtrative gnathopod 2 with
enlarged and setose merus, 2-articulate geniculate
mandibular palp (rarely with an article 1), and.
unmodified
pereopods
5-6.
However,
see
Paracorophium, Stenocorophium, and Pedicorophium
which have some of these characters.
Grandidierella has a much weaker antenna 2, fully 3articulate mandibular palp and large carpochelate male
gnathopod 1.
The Siphonoecetes group has cuticular scales· on
article 5 of pereopods 5-6, a 1 to 2-articulate mandibular
palp with article 2 vestigial or·· absent, non-filtrative
gnathopod 2 with small carpus and merus and a stout
propodus.
The Unciolagroup also lacks the filtrative gnath()p()d
2 with extended merus, pereopods 5-6 are like 7 though
smaller, .epimeron 3 is well developed and bisinuate,
gnathopod 1 is enlarged and stout, with thick and
dominant· propodus, and the mandibular palp is fully 3articulate.
185
C. acutum Chevreux,
(Myers,
[352 +
+ 75
C. affine
(Gurjanova, 1951) (Lincoln, 1979a)
C.
Norman, 1869a) [240]; C. annulatum Chevreux, 1908d
(Myers, 1982b) [340]; C. aquafuscum Heard & Sikora,
1972 (Bynum & Fox, 1977) [362]; C. arenarium Crawford,
1937b (Ingle, 1963) (Lincoln, 1979a) [352 + E]; C. baconi
Shoemaker, 1934a (?C. baconj J.L. Barnard, 1970a) (J.L.
Barnard, 1979b) [535 + 290]; [C. bidentatum Marcusen,
1867 (senior homonym, dubious species) (Della Valle,
1893) [334]]; C. bonellii Milne Edwards, 1830 (Sars, 1895)
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Bousfield, 1973) (Lincoln,
1979a) (= C. pseudacherusicum Shoemaker, 1934c,
Schellenberg, 1931) [420T]; C. brevis Shoemaker, 1949a
(Coyle & Mueller, 1981) [270]; C. californianum
Shoemaker, 1934a, 1949a (J.L. Barnard, 1969a) [370]; C.
chelicorne Sars, 1895a (Carausu, 1943, 1955) (= C. c.
fluviatile Martynov, 1935a) [335F]; C. clarencense
Shoemaker, 1949a (Just, 1970) [220]; [C. contractum
Stimpsoh, 1856b (Stebbing, 1906) [?395]]; C. crassicorne
Bruzelius, 1859 (Sars, 1895)·(Bousfield, 1973) (Hirayama,
1984a) (= C. spinicorne Bate 1862, = homonym) [200 +
339]; C. curvispinum Sars, 1895a (Carausu et al., 1955)
(Lincoln, 1979a) (Jazdzewski, 1980) (= C. devium
Wundsch, 1912) [335EF, 235, 239]; C. cylindricum (Say,
1818) (Shoemaker, 1930a) [260 + ?831]; [C. dentatumFr.
Muller, 1864 (Stebbing, 1906) (Della Valle, 1893) [?751]];
C. ellisi Shoemaker, 1943, 1947 [478]; C. heteroceratum
Yu, 1938 [396]; C. homoceratum Yu, 1938 [396];C.
insidiosum Crawford, 1937b (Shoemaker, 1947) (Bousfield,
1973) (J.L. Bamard, 1970a) (Myers, 1982b) (Hirayama,
1984a) [420T]; C. intermedium Ngoc, 1965 [653]; C.
kitamorii Nagata, 1965c (Hirayama, 1984a) [395]; C.lacustre
Vanhoffen, 1911 (Lincoln, 1979a) (Bousfield, 1973) [250];
C. lamellate Hirayama, 1984a [395]; C. louisianum
Shoemaker, 1934c;1947 (Heard, 1982) [480]; C. madrasensis
Nayar, 1950, 1959 [664]; C. maeoticum Sowinsky, 1898a
(Carausu et al., 1955) (Mordukhai-Boltovskoi, 1969)
[333F]; C. minimum Schiecke, 1978 (Myers, 1982b) [340];
C. minor J.M. Thomson, 1946 [788]; C. minutum Ngoc,
1965 [653]; C. monodon Sars, 1895a (Birstein &
Romanova, 1968) (Osadchikh, 1973) [332F]; C. monospinum
Shen, 1955 [397]; C. mucronatum Sars, 1895a
(Mordukhai-Boltovskoi, 1969) (Osadchikh, 1973) [332F];
C. multisetosum Stock, 1952 (Ingle, 1963) (Lincoln, 1979a)
[240]; C. n()bife·· 5ars, 1895a (Carallsll et al., 1955)
(Mordukhai-Boltovskoi, 1969) (Osadchikh, 1973) [335]; C.
oaklandenseShoemaker, 1949a [371E]; C. orientale
Schellenberg, 1928b (Carausu et al., 1955) (Stock, 1960)
(Myers, 1982b) [352 + E]; C. panamense Shoemaker,
1949a [544]; [C. quadriceps Dana, 1852a, 1853 (Stebbing,
186
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
1906)
C. rioplatense Giambiagi, 1929 (Shoemaker,
1934c, 1947)
C. robustum Sars, 1895a (Carausu et
al., 1955) (Birstein & Romanova, 1968) (Osadchikh, 1973)
C. bidentatum Sars, 1895a) [336F]; C. rotundirostre
Stephensen, 1915 (Ledoyer, 1977) (Myers, 1982b) [340 +
B]; C. runcicorne Della Valle, 1893 (Chevreux & Fage,
1925) (Mordukhai-Boltovskoi, 1969) (Myers, 1982b)
[352]; C. salmonis Stimpson, 1857 (Bradley, 1908)
(Shoemaker, 1949a) [270]; C. setosum Shoemaker, 1949a
[537]; C. sextoni (lapsus for C. sextonae) Crawford, 1937b
(Hurley, 1954e) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Myers, 1982b) [352 +
775T]; C. shoemakeri Monod, 1955 [641]; C. simile
Shoemaker, 1934c (Bousfield, 1973) [361]; C. sinensis
Zhang, 1974 [396]; C. spinicorne Stimpson, 1857
(Bradley, 1908) (Shoemaker, 1949a) [270F]; C. spinulosum
Sars, 1896 (Birstein & Romanova, 1968) (Osadchikh,
1973) [332]; C. spongicolum Welitchkovsky, 1914 (=
C. sowinskyi Martynov, 1924a, Mordukhai-Boltovskoi,
1969) (= var. Carausu, 1943; = C. villosus Carausu et al.,
1955) [337]; C. steinegeri Gurjanova, 1951 (Kudrjashov
& Zvjagintsev, 1975) (Kudrjaschov, 1979) [280]; C. stimpsoni
Shoemaker, 1941b, 1949a [371]; C. triaenonyx Stebbing,
1904a (Pillai, 1961) (Nayar, 1967) (Ledoyer, 1982d) [660
+ 352]; C. tuberculatum Shoemaker, 1934c (Bousfield,
1973) [361]; C. uenoi Stephensen, 1932b (J.L. Barnard,
1952c, 1969b) (Hirayama,1984a) [395 + 370T]; C. volutator
(Pallas, 1766) (Bousfield, 1973) (Lincoln, 1979a) (? = C.
bicaudatus Linnaeus, 1761) (= C. grossipes Linnaeus,
1767, see Sars, 1895)(= C. linearis Pennant, 1777) (= C.
longicornis J.C. Fabricius 1779) (= C. laevicorne Sowinsky,
1880), C. v. japonica Hirayama, 1984a [352]. "species"
Myers, 1985c [576].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan
below 60° latitudes, mostly shallow marine, often in
estuaries, harbours, European and Ponto Caspian rivers,
0-360 m, usually 0-5 m, 58 species.
[Ischyroceridae] Dercothoe Dana
Dercothoe Dana, 1852b: 313.-Dana, 1853: 968.
Type species. Dercothoe emissitius Dana, 1853,
present selection.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes elongate, produced forward, blunt,
antennal sinus deep. Eyes small, at or near apex of ocular
lobe. Antennae of medium length, 1 slightly longer than
2, both slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 slightly
, longer than 1, article 2 longest, accessory flagellum 4articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short.
[?Epistome unproduced anteriorly. ?Labrum subrounded,
?entire incised broad fleshy, bilob~d. ?Mandible normal,
with ?ordinary molar, palp strong weak, absent, very
slender, with only 12 articles, article 3 not falciform,
rectolinear, clavate, article 3 shorter longer than·. 2.
Labium with entire notched outer lobes, with out welldeveloped inner lobes, mandibular lobes short long,
pointed, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, short,
vestigial, absent, small, large with a row of medial setae,
without 1 2 3 4 or 5 apical setae, outer plate with 6 7 9
or 11 spines, palp 1 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 rather
broad, narrow, inner plate with mediofacial row of only
mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal
spines, outer plate normal, very short, long, not
reaching exceeding apex of palp article 2, with spines,
setae only on medial margin], palp with 4 articles, article
2 long, [?article 3 unlobed, article 4 very long, short, with
long short medium lacking nail and setae, armed with
row of fine spines along inner margin].
Coxae of medium size, weakly overlapping,
progressively elongate from 1 to 4,coxa 1 not dilated,
not produced forward, coxa 2 larger than 1, coxa 4
longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as .long as
4, coxae 6-7 not smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse; gnathopod 2 greatly larger
than 1, gnathopod 1 in male weakly subchelate, nearly
merochelate, palm oblique, article 5 almost as long as 6,
broadly but poorly lobed, article 6 inflated, dactyl
ordinary. Gnathopod 2 enlarged, weakly subchelate, with
scarcely dilated article 2, with article 4 incipiently
merochelate, article 5 short, much shorter than 6, lobed,
article 6 dilated, dactyl ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, slightly dissimilar, with
inflated article 2, article 4 dilated, dactyIs short.
Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other, progressively
longer, pereopod 5 much shorter than pereopod 7, with
broad, unlobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,
curved. Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal
gills [undescribed, present on segments ?2-6]. Pleopods
normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1:-2
biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal, longer than (2)
or almost as long as (1) peduncle, peduncle of uropods
1-2 [?without ventrodistal process]. Uropod 3 small, very
short, uniramous, single ramus short, I-articulate,
recurved apically, [?with apicolateral teeth], peduncle
shorter than ramus. Telson [?entire, short, reduced,
vestigial, as broad as .broader than long, ovate,
semicircular, pentagonal, pointed emarginate excavate
apically,weakly cleft, incised fully, covered with hooks,
with hooked apical cusps].
Female. Unknown. Gnathopods [?small]. Oostegites
[?moderately narrow, broad, present on only segments
2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. [Assumed strong. Gnathopod
2].
Variables. Article 3 of antenna 2 slightly elongate;
ramus of uropod 3 shorter than peduncle; female assumed
to be represented in original figure (D. hirsuticornis).
Relationship. Poorly described and distinguished
from other genera in negative statements as follows:
close to but not Microphotis and Ampelisciphotis in
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
presence of well-developed accessory flagellum; not
C heiriphotis because of long article 3 on antenna 1,
even coxae and recurved shape of ramus on· uropod 3;
not Ericthonius because of well-developed accessory
flagellum, larger coxae and not fully subcylindrical
body.
Not Photis because of curved single (?outer) ramus
on uropod 3; not Parunciola because carpus of
gnathopod 2 short and lobed.
Species. Dercothoe emissitius Dana, 1852a, 1853
(Stebbing, 1906) [641]; D. hirsuticornis (Dana, 1852a, 1853)
(Stebbing, 1906) [751];
Habitat and distribution. Marine,
Archipelago, Rio de Janeiro, 10 m, 2 species.
Sulu
Dodophotis Karaman
Dodophotis Karaman, 1985: 16-17.
Type species. Photis digitata K.H. Barnard, 1935,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Like Photis but inner plate of maxilla 2
with row of facial setae.
Other minor distinctions from description of
Photis. Ocular lobes long, rounded. Eyes small. Labrum
subrounded. Outer plate of maxilla 1 with 9-11 spines.
Article 4 of maxillipedal palp short, with long nail and
setae. Pereopod 5 slightly shorter than and weakly
different from pereopods 6-7, with broader, article 2;
dactyl of pereopods 5-7 with accessory tooth on outer
margin, only pereopod 6 bearing long spine closing on
palm.
Sexual dimorphism. As in Photis.
Species. Dodophotis digitata K.H. Bamard, 1935
(Nayar, 1959) (Rabindranath, 1971b) [670]; D. distinguenda
Ruffo, 1955 (Ledoyer, 1982b) [698N].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Indian Ocean,
shallow water, 2 species.
Dryopoides Stebbing
Fig.42H
Dryopoides Stebbing, 1888: 1145.=J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 17.
Type species. Dryopoides westwoodi Stebbing, 1888,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body ·subcylindrical, slightly depressed,
187
smooth, urosomites free, 3 covered by telson, urosomite
1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes short, blunt;
antennal sinus weak. (Head as long as pereonites 1-2
together). Eyes large. Antennae very long, 1 longer
than 2, both slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1
shorter than 1, article 2 longest, accessory flagellum 2articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short.
Epistome
[?unproduced anteriorly].
Labrum
subrounded, weakly incised. Mandible normal, palp
strong, slender, article 3 falciform, longer than 2. Labium
with entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner
lobes, mandibular long, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1
vestigial, with 1 apical seta, outer plate with 7 spines,
palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate
with mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped
with distal spines, outer plate normal, not reaching
apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp
with 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4
long, with short nail and setae.
.
Coxae relatively short, strongly overlapping, of
various sizes and shapes, not progressively elongate
from 1 to 4, coxa 1 dilated, produced· forward, coxa 2
also short, smaller than 1, dilated, coxa 4 not longer than
coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4, coxae 67 smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 weakly
diverse, small; gnathopod 2 slightly larger than 1,
gnathopod 1 in male subchelate, article 5 as long as 6,
poorly lobed, article 6 not enlarged. Gnathopod 2· slightly
enlarged, weakly subchelate, article 5 longer than 6,
unlobed, article 6 not more slender than article 5, dactyl
ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with inflated article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls long and combed (see below).
Pereopods 5-7 similar t{) each other, progressively
longer, with narrow unlobed article 2, dactyl of
pereopods 5-7 medium, curved, with comb of inner
marginal setae. Sternal processes of thorax
[undescribed]. Coxal gills undescribed but present on
segments 2-6 [?7]. Pleopods with outer rami reduced.
Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal,
rami equal, shorter than peduncle, peduncle of uropod
1 with ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 small, very short,
biramous, both rami very short, disjunct from each other,
obtuse distally, with few armaments mostly apical;
peduncle short, flat. Telson entire, as broad as long, ovate
or semicircular, with 2 sets of apical setules.
Female. Gnathopods small, gnathopod 1 larger tp-an
2, poorly subchelate, article 5 shorter than 6, unlobed.
Oostegites broad, present on segments 2- 5.
S~xual
dimorphism. Weak. Gnathopods.
Relationship. Characterised by the small uropod 3
with two disjunctly attached tiny rami and comb of
inner dactylar setae \ on pereopods 3-7.
Species. Dryopoides westwoodi Stebbing, 1888, 1910a
[784].
188
Records of the Australian Museum
Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Milne
shorter than
without ventrodistal
uniramous, single ramus
distal
Telson
3
recurved apically, with
longer than ramus.
broader than long,
hooks.
45B,U,46Q
Ericthonius Milne Edwards, 1830: 382.-Stebbing 1906:
670.-J.L. Bamard 1969c: 192.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 24.Lincoln, 1979a: 558.-Myers & McGrath, 1984a: 379
(keys).
Pyctilus Dana 1852b: 218 (Pyctilus macrodactylus Dana,
1852a, present selection).
Type species. Ericthonius difformis Milne Edwards,
1830, selected by Stebbing, 1888.
Diagnosis. Body .subcylindrical, slightly depressed,
smooth, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, pointed, antennal sinus deep.
(Head as 10l1g as pereonites 1-2 together). Eyes medium
to large, weak or absent. Antennae long, subequal, both
slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 longer than
1,articles 2-3 longest, accessory flagellum vestigial or
absent. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 scarcely
elongate. Epistome produced anteriorly. Labrum
subrounded, entire. Mandible normal, palp strong,
article 3 clavate, shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
long, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, with a
row of medial setae, outer plate with 7 spines, palp 2articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with
mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with
distal spines, outer plate short, reaching halfway to
apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial margin,
palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed,
article 4 short, with long setae.
Coxae very small, short, weakly contiguous or not, of
various sizes and shapes, not progressively elongate
from 1 to· 4, coxa 1 not dilated, not produced forward,
coxa 2 larger than 1, coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, not
lobed, coxa 5 longer than 4, coxae 6-7 not much smaller
than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, gnathopod
2 greatly larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male subchelate,
article 5 longer than 6, lobed. Gnathopod 2 enlarged,
weakly subchelate, linear, carpochelate in male, with
article 2 not dilated, article 4 extended along posterior
margin of article 5, with process on posterodistal margin,
dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 similar, with inflated article 2, article 4
dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other,
progressively longer, pereopod 5 shorter than
pereopods 6-7, pereopods 5-7 with medium-narrow
almost lobed article 2, pereopods 6-7 with longer curved
dactyl, dactyl of pereopod 5 almost geniculate, without
accessory spine on outer margin. Sternal processes of
thorax absent. Coxal gills present on segments 2-6.
Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 12 biramous, normal (see Variables), rami slightly unequal,
2
but larger
1,
normally subchelate, article 5
than 6, strongly
lobed. Oostegites broad, present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopod 2.
Variables. Male body almost tubular as in caprellids
and segment 2 elongate (E. difformis); ocular lobes
extended and blunt (female E. difformis); lengths and
stoutness of antennae and uropods 1-2 variable; male
coxa 2 with or without stridulation ridges, coxa 2 widely
disjunct or not .from coxae 1 and 3; shape and
proportions of gnathopod 2 variable, male carpochela
with 1-2 teeth; dactyl of pereopods 3-4 much longer or
shorter than propodus; merus of pereopod 4 with
anterior setal brush (E. stephenseni); article 2 of
pereopod 5 with odd nasiform lobe (E. macrodactylus);
inner ramus of uropod 2 absent and represented by
process of peduncle (E. latimanus).
Relationship. Characterised by hooked uniramous
uropod 3 with carpochelate gnathopod 2 in male,
denticulate telson, long article 3 of· antenna 1 with
insignificant accessory flagellum and pereopod 5· almost
prehensile.
Differing from Chevreuxius and Grandidierella in the
reversal of the carpochelate gnathopod (in Ericthonius
it is the second); from Chevreuxius also in the biramous
uropod 2.
Ericthonius is an ischyrocerid because of the
recurved and hooked ramus on uropod 3 but it differs
from most other ischyrocerids in the loss of the inner
ramus.
See Microphotis and Pseudericthonius.
Note. Identifications of species outside of Atlantic
collections investigated by Myers & McGrath (1984a)
now require reVISIon; for example numerous
identifications of E. brasiliensis in the Pacific and Indian
Oceans are suspect.
Species. Ericthonius orasillensis (Dana, 1853)
(Bousfield, 1973) (Myers, 1982b) (Hong, 1983) (Myers &
McGrath, 1984a) (Fenwick, 1985a) (Ledoyer, 1986) (= E.
bidens Costa, 1853, 1857) (= E. rapax Stimpson, 1857) (=
E.difformis identification of Bate, 1857d) (= E~ abditus
identification of Bate, 1862 and Bate & Westwood, 1863)
(= E. latimanus Grube, 1864a,c) (= E. minax Smith, 1873)
(= E. disjunctus Stout, 1913) [possibly 420 + B but at
present = 751 + 340 to 470 + 260 + 698]; E. difforrni-s'Milne
Edwards, 1830 (Sars, 1895) (Bousfield, 1973) (Myers &
McGrath, 1984a) (= E. leachii Kr~yer, 1842) (= E. whitei
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
(= E.
Czemiawsky,
E. tOflt/<unal1Us
E.fasciatus (Stimpson,
(Myers & McGrath, 1984a)
(= E. rubricornis identification of Bousfield, 1973) [250];
E. grebnitzkii Gurjanova,
E. ledoyeri, new
name (= E. latimanus Ledoyer,
1986, =
homonym) [690]; E. macrodactylus Dana, 1852a, 1853
(Walker, 1904)
(Nayar, 1967) [600]; E.
megalops (Sars, 1879,
(Stephensen, 1944c) (Myers
& McGrath, 1984a) [240 + B]; [E. peculans and E.
speculans (Dana, 1852a, 1853) (Stebbing, 1906) [647]]; E.
pugnax«Dana, 1852a, 1853) (Hurley, 1954e) (Nagata,
1965c) (Hirayama, 1985b) (Ledoyer, 1986) [600w]; E.
punctatus< (Bate, 1857d) (Myers, 1982b) (Myers &
McGrath, 1984a) (= E. abditus of Sars, 1895) (= E.
brasiliensis of Chevreux & Fage, 1925; Gurjanova, 1951;
Lincoln, 1979a) [200 + 420T]; E. rubricornis ~(Stimpson,
1853) (Myers & McGrath, 1984a) (=E. hunteri of Bate,
1862; Sars, 1895; Chevreux & Fage, 1925; Stephensen,
1944a; Gurjanova, 1951) (= E. difformis identification of
Lincoln, 1979a) [250];E.stephenseni<!jMyers & McGrath,
1984a (= "species" of Stephensen, 1944b) [240B];E.«olli
Brtiggen, 1909 (Gurjanova, 1951) (Kudrjaschov, 1972b)
[200].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan, 01134 m, 12 species.
Gammaropsis Liljeborg
Synonymy. See following (sub)genera below:
Gammaropsis,
Megamphopus,
Paranaenia,
and
Intergradations among all of these (sub)genera occur
in the following characters: number of articles in
accessory flagellum; density of setation on inner plate of
maxilla 1;
of anterior coxae;
of carpi on
gnathopods 1 and 2. The transformations in attendant
species prevent any clear distinctions of generic
value among the type
of the several
(sub)genera.
The following key may be useful in determining
the general facies of each (sub)genus; the generalities
have been used to assign species loosely to each
(sub)genus so that Gammaropsis is constructed to retain
most of the ordinary members which have normal
anterior coxae coupled with short carpi on gnathopod 2;
most of the species with 3+articulate accessory
flagellum are retained in Gammaropsis but many species
with 1 to 2-articulate accessory flagellum in which
coxae and gnathopods are ordinary are also retained
there. Species with vestigial or absent accessory
flagellum are put unnaturally into Podoceropsis.
Species with extremely long carpi. on gnathopod 2 are
placed with Pseudeurystheus and Segamphopus and
species with diverse coxae are situated in
Megamphopus, Kermystheus and Paranaenia. The
diversity of gnathopods, pereopods, uropods, setation
patterns, antennae, and other characters in such
groups as Megamphopus and Podoceropsis demonstrates
their unnatural groupings. Undoubtedly the various
members of those .groups have several ancestral foci,
so that the development of coxal diversity or the
loss of accessory flagellum have occurred several
times.
Key to Subgenera of Gammaropsis
1.
Article 5 of male gnathopod 2 about 1.6 times as long as
article 6
2
- - Article 5 of male gnathopod 2 about as long as or much
shorter than article 6
3
2.
Article 5 of male gnathopod 1 about 2.1 times as .long as
article 6
Segamphopus
- - Article 5 of male gnathopod 1 about 1.3 times as long as
article 6
Pseudeurystheus
3.
Accessory flagellum absent or scale-like
ACiCeS,SO]~
4.
,.~oxa
flagellurn. 10Ilg a.nd 1.±a.rtiGllla.te
2 with large posterior lobe in male
- - Coxa 2 ordinary
189
4
~
5
Podoceropsis(Kermystheus)
Podoceropsis
190
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
5.
Anterior coxae uniform
- - Anterior coxae diverse in male
6.
Gammaropsis
6
Coxa 3 domiJ)ant in male
Paranaenia
--Coxa 2 dominant in male
Megamphopus
(Gammaropsis) Liljeborg
Figs 39A, 41F, 43B, 44E, 45J, 46H
Gammarus (Gammaropsis) Liljeborg, 1855: 55.
Eurystheus Bate, 1856: 58 (nomen nudum); 1857d: 143
(Eurystheus tridentatus Bate, 1857d, monotypy).Stebbing, 1906: 610.
Maeroides Walker, 1898b: 282 (Maeroides thompsoni
Walker, 1898b, monotypy).
Fimbriella Stout, 1913: 642 (Fimbriella robusta Stout, 1913,
monotypy).
Gammaropsis.-J. L. Bamard, 1969c: 271.-J.L. Bamard, 1973,
17.-Conlan, 1983: 4.
Type species. Gammarus maculatus Johnston, 1828,
selected by Boeck, 1876.
Diagnosis. Type only. Body laterally compressed,
smooth, normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary.
Rostrum short, ocular lobes short to moderate, pointed;
antennal sinus deep. Eyes large. Antennae long, nearly
subequal, both slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna
1 as long as 1, article 2 scarcely longest accessory
flagellum _pluriarticulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
short, elongate. Epistome produced anteriorly. Labrum
subrounded, entire. Mandible normal, palp strong,
moderately stout, article 3 clavate, slightly shorter than 2.
Labium with entire outer lobes, with well-developed
inner lobes, mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate
of maxilla 1 triangular, with a row of medial setae, also
with 2 apical setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2articulate. Outer' plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner
narrow, inner plate with mediofacial row of setae. Inner
plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate
normal, slightly short, reaching halfway to apex of palp
article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4
articles, _article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 long,
with long setae.
Coxae ordinary, long, strongly overlapping, almost
uniform, even from 2 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, not
produced forward, somewhat small in contrast to coxae
2-4, coxa 2 larger than 1, coxa 4 longer than coxa 1, not
lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than
anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 weakly diverse,
densely setose, gnathopod 2 greatly larger than 1,
gnathopod 1 in male weakly subchel(ite, _article 5 as long
as 6, unlobed. Gnathopod 2 enlarged, subchelate, with
article 2 weakly dilated, -with article 4 enlarged,
incipiently merochelate, extended and fused distally
along. posterior margin of article 5, article 5 almost as long
as 6, unlobed, article 6 dilated, sometimes oblong, palm
oblique, dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, almost longer than
gnathopods, similar, with slender article 2, article 4 weakly
dilated, dactyIs short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other,
progressively longer, with expanded article 2,
pereopod 5 slightly shorter than pereopods 6-7, with
slightly broader, almost lobed article 2, dactyl of
pereopods 5-7 medium, curved. Sternal processes of
thorax absent. Coxal gills moderately narrow, present on
segments 2-6. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 scarcely
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, stout, rami
slightly unequal, shorter (1) or longer (2) than peduncle,
peduncle of uropod 1 with ventrodistal process. Uropod
3 well developed, biramous, rami ordinary, subequal,
lanceolate, pointed distally, peduncle as long as rami,
elongate, not dilated medially, outer ramus with vestigial
article 2, apically setose, narrow. Telson entire, short, as
broad as long, ovate, with 2 hooked apical cusps.
Female. Gnathopods small, gnathopod 2 larger
than 1 poorly subchelate, article 5 shorter than 6,
unlobed. Oostegites moderately narrow, present on
segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Moderate. Gnathopods.
Variables. Taxonomy based on variations in male
gnathopod 2 setosity,palmar slope, sculpture and
spination, length of carpus and size of dacty1; coxal
serrations; shapes of article 2 on pereopods 5-7 and
occasional proportions of other articles; size of epistomal
process; shapes of ocular lobes and eyes; degree of
bisinuation on epimeron 3; setosity of antennae 1-2; tiny
cuspidations on urosomites 1-2; presence or absence of
terminal spine- clusters on rami of uropod 3, or inner
ramus lacking all but one spine (G. atlantica); size of apical
spines on telson.
Ocular lobes elongate, with eyes at apices (G.
togoensis); maxilla 2 poorly developed (G. latipalma);
species besides type often with variations in coxae 1-4,
coxa 1 often small; some posterior coxae slightly
spiniform (G. dentata); coxa 7 enlarged and lobate (G.
shoemakeri); male and female gnathopod 2 almost
lacking palms but propodi thinner and remaining
relatively expanded (G. pseudostroumowi); article 5 of
male gnathopod 2 elongate, thus more like Megamphopus
(G. melanops) but coxae orthodox; male gnathopods
small, gnathopod 2 not much larger than 1, carpus longer
Barnaid & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
than propodus and article 2 dilated (G. angolensis);
article 2 of pereopods 5-7 thinner and thus like
Megamphopus) (G. melanops, G. ulrici) but coxae
orthodox; articles 4-5 of pereopod 5 dilated, article 2 of
pereopods 5-7 slightly lobate (G. anomala); oostegites
often somewhat broadened; uropod 2 with spur (e.g. G.
togoensis); rami of uropod 3 more slender, less armed
and outer ramus lacking article 2 (thus like
Megamphopus palmata) but coxae orthodox; same
characters and inner ramus slightly shortened (G.
deseadensis); uropod 3 very poorly armed (G.
kaumaka).
Male gnathopod 2 immense, carpus short and lobate,
propodus huge, elongate, palm and posterior margin of
carpus mostly confluent, occasionally with tooth or teeth,
dactyl large, sometimes as long as propodus but often
shorter but greatly enlarged: these species in genera to
follow marked with (*).
Relationship. The basic genus of Corophioidea, the
primitive members of which are very basic in their
general amphipod attributes, such as presence of welldeveloped accessory flagellum, ordinary mouthparts
with medial setae on the inner plates of maxillae 1-2,
large regular coxae, sexually dimorphic gnathopods with
male gnathopod 2 enlarged and capable of amplexus, and
biramous uropod 3 with rami -extending subequally and
longer than peduncle.
Several genera of Ischyroceridae are very difficult
to distinguish from Gammaropsis because of the several
species in Gammaropsis that have shortened rami on
uropod 3 with elongate peduncle; ischyrocerids have
definite apicolateral cusps on the outer ramus of uropod
3 but these are often minute and may not have been
well studied in various species. For example, G. 1
ongicornis is very difficult to separate from Parajassa.
The genus Bonnierella also has species with similar
uropod 3.
See incipient subgenera below. See Aorchoides,
Audulla, Bogenfelsia, Bonnierella, [saea, Ledoyerella,
Leptocheirus, Microprotopus, Pagurisaea, Pareurystheus,
Posophotis and Protomedeia.
Removals. Gammaropsis alaskensis Stebbing (1910a)
(= homonym G. dentatus Holmes, 1908) to Cheirimedeia;
G. Una (Kunkel, 1910) to Audulla.
Species. See I.L. Bamard (1965a), Griffiths (1973,
1974b,c, 1975), Nayar (1967), Pillai (1957), Sivaprakasam
(1969c, 1970a); G. abbotti (I.L. Barnard, 1965a) (Ledoyer,
1972a, 1978b, 1979a,b, 1982b) [600]; G. abyssaUs
(Stephensen, 1944c) [209b]; G. afra Stebbing, 1888,
(Sivaprakasam, 1970a) (I.L. Barnard, 1970a) (Griffiths,
1975) (Ledoyer, 1978b, 1982b) [600 + 428 + B]; G.
alamoana· I.L. Bamard, 1970a [381]; *G. anol11ata
(Chevreux, 1926b) (Reid, 1951) [440]; G. atlantica
Stebbing, 1888 (I.L. Bamard, 1965a, 1970a) (Ledoyer,
1978b, 1979a, 1982b) (Myers, 1985c) (= G. zeylanicus
Walker, 1904) (= G. gardineri Walker, 1905b) (= G.
imminens K.H.Bamard, 1916); G. a. yarius Hirayama,
191
1984a [421]; G. avera (Reid, 1951) [444]; G. bennetti
Thurston, 1974a
G. chiltoni (Thomson, 1897) (Chilton,
1920b) (I.L. Barnard, 1972b) [773]; ?G. concava
(Shoemaker, 1916) [373]; G. crassipes (Haswell, 1880a)
(Chilton, 1920b)
Barnard, 1972b) [784 + 775]; G.
crenulata Krapp-Schickel & Myers, 1979 [340]; G. ctenura
(Schellenberg, 1931) [831]; G. dentata Chevreux, 1900a
(Krapp-Schickel & Myers, 1979) [330 + 340 + B]; G.
denticulata Ledoyer, 1979a, 1982b [698]; G. deseadensis
Alonso, 1981 [862]; G. digitata (Schellenberg, 1938a) (I.L.
Bamard, 1970a) (Ledoyer, 1982b) (Myers, 1985c) [600];
G. dilatata Ledoyer, 1979a, 1982b [698]; *G. dubia
(Shoemaker, 1942) [542]; G. dubia (Rabindranath, 1974:
112) (= homonym), (G. anomalus Rabindranath, 1971b, =
homonym) [665]; G. effrena (I.L. Bamard, 1964b, 1969a)
[370]; G. ellisi Conlan, 1983 [270]; G. emancipata KrappSchickel & Myers, 1979 [348]; G. exsertipes Stebbing,
1888, 1906 [851]; G. georgiana (Schellenberg, 1931) [831B];
G. grandimana Ledoyer, 1978b [697]; G.gurvitzi
(Bulycheva, 1952) (Tzvetkova, 1977b) [395]; *G. haswelli
(Thomson, 1897) (Chilton, 1920b) (I.L. Bamard, 1972b)
[781 + 775]; G. hirsutimana (Reid, 1951) [444]; G. holmesi
(Stebbing, 1908b) (K.H. Barnard, 1955) (?Ledoyer, 1978b)
(= G. semidentatus K.H. Bamard, 1916, Schellenberg,
1926a) [743 + ?697]; G. inhaca Griffiths, 1973 [741]; G.
insignis (Chilton, 1925a) [954E]; G. japonica (Nagata,
1961b, 1965c) (Hirayama, 1984a) [395]; G. kaumaka I.L.
Bamard, 1970a [381]; G. kergueleni (Schellenberg,
1926a,c) (Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer, 1974) [851]; G.latipalma
Ledoyer, 1979a, 1982b [698]; *G. lobata (Chevreux, 1920)
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Myers & McGrath, 1982a)
[352]; G. longicantha (Mateus & Mateus, 1966) [446]; *G.
longicarpa Reid, 1951) (Griffiths, 1975) [444 + 743]; G.
longicornis (Walker, 1906a, 1907) (Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 1974) (= G. parvus Schellenberg, 1926a) [881];
(= G. trigonurus Schellenberg, 1926a) [851]; [880 + B];
G. longimana (Chilton, 1884a) (Stebbing, 1906) (I.L.
Bamard, 1972b) [774]; G. longipropodi Hirayama, 1984a
[395]; G. longitarsa (Schellenberg, 1931) (Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 1986) [866 + 799]; G. lophomeria (K.H. Bamard,
1937) [674]; *G. maculata (Iohnston, 1828) (Krapp-Schickel,
1976) (Krapp-Schickel & Myers, 1979) (Myers & McGrath,
1982a) (= G. erythrophthalmus Liljeborg,.1855, 1856; Sars,
1895) (= G. tridentatus Bate, 1856, 1857d) (= G. bispinimanus
Bate, 1862) [250 + 352 + B]; G. martesia (I.L. Bamard,
1964b, 1969a) [370]; G. mauritiensis Ledoyer, 1978b [697];
G. melanops Sars, 1883, 1895 (Gurjanova, 1951)
(Shoemaker, 1955b) [200 + B]; G. minuta (Chevreux,
1926b) [441]; G.monodi(Schellenberg, 1931) (Ruffo,
1949) (= G. eurypodii K.H. Barnard, 1932) [866]; G. nantis
Hirayama, 1984a [395]; G. ostroumowi (Sowinsky, 1897,
1898) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Krapp-Schickel & Myers,
1979) [340]; G. pacifica (Schellenberg, 1938a) (I.L. Bamard,
1965a) (?Ledoyer, 1967a) (Myers, 1985c) [600]; G. paU I.L.
Bamard, 1970a (Ledoye:r, 19723" 1982b) [600]; G. palmata
(Stebbing & Robertson, 1891) (= G. nana Sars, 1895)
(Chevreux, 1911d) (Karaman, 1973b) (Krapp-Schickel &
Myers, 1979) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Myers & McGrath, 1982a)
[352]; G. palmoides (K.H. Bamard, 1932, 1940, 1955)
(Griffiths, 1975) [743]; G. persetosa (Chilton, 1921d) (Hale,
192
Records of the Australian Museum
+
G. serratus
G. serricrus (K.H. Bamard,
~ul:)ple:me]nt
(S(~hellellbe~rgq
13 (Part 1)
Habitat and distribution.
included with
+
G. setifera (Schellenberg, 1938a) (Myers, 1985c) [555];
G. shoemakeri Conlan, 1983
G. lobata Shoemaker,
1942, junior homonym) [379]; G.
(Shoemaker,
1942) (I.L. Bamard, 1969a) (Conlan, 1983) [379]; G.
sutherlandi Nelson, 1981 [362 + B]; G. tawahi I.L. Bamard,
1972b [775]; G. thompsoni (Walker, 1898b) (I.L. Bamard,
1959d, 1969a,b) (Conlan, 1983) G. tenuicornis Holmes,
1904a, Shoemaker, 1931a, 1942) (= G.robusta Stout, 1913)
(= G. concava Shoemaker, 1916) [379]; G. thomsoni
Stebbing, 1888, 1910a (Chilton, 1921d) (I.L. Bamard,
1972b) (TL depth 2001 m probably erroneous) [TL =
715A, + ?774, ?784]; G. togoensis (Schellenberg, 1925a,
1939) (Sivaprakasam, 1968c) (Krapp-Schickel & Myers,
1979) (Myers, 1985c) [TL = 445, 343,447, 664]; G. tonichi
(I.L. Barnard, 1969b, 1979b) [377]; G. triodon
(Schellenberg, 1926a, 1931) [880 + B]; G. ulrici KrappSchickel & Myers, 1979 [348]; G. valdiviae (Schellenberg,
1926c) [851 + I].
Habitat and distribution (including subgenera
below). Marine, cosmopolitan, 0-900 m, rare below 300 m
(2001 m probably erroneous), occasionally weakly
inquilinous on hermit crabs and molluscs, 105 species.
Chilton
Paranaenia Chilton, 1884a: 258.
Type species. Paranaenia typica Chilton, 1884a,
present selection.
Diagnosis. Like Gammaropsis but anterior coxae
diverse, coxa 3 dominant and bearing strong anterior
lobe and stridulation border.
Antenna 2 not longer than 1.
Variables. Gnathopods entirely distinctive from P.
dentifera (P. angolensis).
Species. (*) see Variables in Gammaropsis; ?P.
angolensis (Schellenberg), 1925a [449]; *P. dentifera
(Haswell, 1879a) (Schellenberg, 1931) (Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 1974) (probably includes P. typical [835]; *[P.
typica (Chilton, 1884a) (I.L. Bamard, 1972b) (Alonso,
1980) (= homonym P. dentifera Chilton, 1884a) [775 +
862]];
(Megamphopus) Norman
Megamphopus Norman, 1869a: 282.-Thurston, 1974b: 91.Lincoln, 1979a: 508.
Type species. Megamphopus cornutus Norman, 1869a,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Like Gammaropsis but anterior coxae
diverse, coxa 2 of male dominant, coxa 1 produced
forward, coxae 3-4 much inferior to coxa 2.
Variables. Coxa 2 with large posteroventral lobe
(G. mamolus).
Species. (*) see Variables in Gam'maropsis; G.
brevidactyla Myers, 1976a [3481; *G. cornuta Norman,
1869a (Sars, 1895) (Chevreux & Page, 1925) (Myers,
1976a) (Ledoyer, 1977) (Lincoln, 1979a) (= G. longimana
Boeck, 1871b, 1876) (= G. intermedia Stebbing, 1878a)
[350 + ?334]; G. dirnorpha (K.H. Barnard, 1932) (gnathopod
1 carpus = propodus, coxae 1-3 diverse) [831+ B]; G.
elephantis (K.H. Bamard, 1932) [871B];G. longicornis
Chevreux, 1911d [= homonym to Gammaropsis
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Australia, New
Zealand, Magellan, shallow water, 2 species, data also
included with Gammaropsis.
(Podoceropsis)
Boeck
Podoceropsis Boeck, 1861: 666.-Stebbing, 1906: 618.J.L. Bamard, 1969c: 274.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 18.-Conlan,
1983: 17.
Naenia Bate, 1862: 471 (Naenia tuberculosa Bate, 1862,
present selection, homonym, Lepidoptera).
Xenoclea Boeck, 1871b: 234 (Xenoclea batei Boeck, 1871b,
monotypy).
Kermystheus J.L. Bamard, 1962a: 14 (Kermystheus ociosa
J.L. Barnard, 1962a, original designation) [?valid
subgenus].
Type species. Podoceropsis sophia Boeck, 1861,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Like Gammaropsis but accessory
flagellum scale-like or absent.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean AmlphlpO(la
Variables.
character forms
"r\I£'o,~'t01t'·1I.n.1I'" lobe
° I-'''-''''-'.i.'''-'' 0,
Removals. G. kermadeci 'ht"p>·hh-sno
to unknown genus, but retained here n1"rnT1'~lnl''.:lIII'T
end
not in
because
of
stubbier and lined with
inner setae, head much more extended
eyes
plates of
shape of
gn(lth()PC~C1 2 more like
also not in Bonnierella
because maxillipedal dactyl short, stubby and setose
marginally, inner plate of maxilla 2 with medial setae,
pereopods 3-4 with long curled setae on article 6, and
gnathopod 1 very small.
193
data also included
J.L. Barnard
....... £'1.('1""0"1"·11£'011'"
Species. (*) see Variables in Gammaropsis; see
Chevreux & Fage (1925), Gurjanova (1951), Nagata
(1965c); *G. amchitkensisConlan, 1983 [273]; G. angulosa
Chevreux, 1919, 1927 [401aN]; G. angustimana Conlan,
1983 [271]; G. barnardi Kudrjaschov. & Tzvetkova, 1975
(Conlan, 1983) [230]; G. chionoecetophila Conlan, 1983
[2701 + B]; G. inaequistylis Shoemaker, 1930a (Steele et
al., 1986a) [256]; G. kermadeci (Stebbing, 1888, 1906
[523B]; G. lindahlii Hansen, 1888 (Gurjanova, 1951)
(Shoemaker, 1955a) [220]; G. nitida (Stimpson, 1853)
(Bousfield, 1973) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Myers & McGrath,
1982a) (Moore, 1984c) (= G. rimapalma Bate, 1862) (= G.
excavata Bate, 1862; Sars, 1895) (= G. tuberculosa Bate,
1862) (= G. batei Boeck, 1871b, 1876) (= G. caudadentata
Norman, 1867, nomen nudum) (= G. megacheir Smith,
1874) [200]; *G. ociosa I.L. Bamard, 1962a, 1966b [370];
G. setosa Conlan, 1983 [273]; G. similis Schellenberg,
1925a [440]; G. sophiae Boeck, 1861, 1876 (Sars, 1895);
(Karaman, 1973b) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Krapp-Schickel &
Myers, 1979) (Myers & McGrath, 1982a) (Hirayama,
1984a) (= G. undata Bate, 1862) (= G. pusilla Chevreux,
1926b) [441] [352 + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, data included
with Gammaropsis._
(Pseudeurystheus) Schellenberg
Pseudeurystheus Schellenberg, 1931: 234.
Type
species.
Pseudeurystheus
Schellenberg, 1931, monotypy.
sublittoralis
Diagnosis. Like Gammaropsis but carpus of male
2a.b ()llt 1.6 tiIlles as 1()I1g a.s pr()p()clll s ; 9a.rpus
of male gnathopod 1 about 1.3 times as long as propodus.
~l1athop()~
Species. Gammaropsis sublittoralis Schellenberg, 1931
(Thurston, 1974b) [833 + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, South Georgia
I.L. Bamard, 1962a: 15
blaisus K.H.Barnard,
1932, original desl,gniitlon.
Diagnosis. Like
but carpus of
gnathopod 2 about 1.6 times as
as
carpus of male gnathopod 1 about 2.1 times as
propodus.
Species. Gammaropsis blaisus K.H. Bamard, 1932
[833 + B]; G. utinomii (Nagata, 1961b, 1965c) (Hirayama,
1984a) [395].
Habitat and distribution. Data included with
Gammaropsis.
Globosolembos Myers
Lembos (Globosolembos) Myers, 1985a: 341.-Myers, 1986b:
283 (key).
Type species. Autonoe smithi Holmes, 1905, original
designation.
Diagnosis. Like Lembos but gnathopod 1 of both
sexes equally or subequally enlarged; outer ramus of
uropod 3 with only 1 article.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak. Gnathopods, coxa 1.
Myers (1988) diagnosis. Article 3 of mandibular
palp with posterior margin sinuous; left mandibular molar
with complex plates, 'primary plate falcate, secondary,
tertiary and quaternary plates of similar shape but not
markedly falcate; anterior margin of maxilliped [?without
wing-like flanges, not described]; male gnathopod 1
propodus very enlarged, globose, lacking strong palmar
excavation, carpus cup-shaped; female gnathopod 1
enlarged, subsimilar to that of male; pereopod 5
propodus posterior margin with setae but no spines;
uropod 3 peduncle short, expanded, outer ramus lacking
second article, with. long marginal setae· and extremely
long distal setae.
Variables. Generalities. Same as for Lembos.
Gnathopod 1 weakly carpochelate, carpus and propodus
both stout and short, female gnathopod 1 two thirds as
large as male gnathopod 1 (G. kraemmeti).
194
:Sup·plenl1ent 13 (Part 1)
Records of the Australian Museum
As in
See Lembos and
very setose,
longer than 6,
as wide as article 5, with
genera of the
G.
(Myers,
G. indicus
1978b,
1982b) (?Sivaprakasam, 1970g) (Myers,
1985a) [600]; ?G. kraemmeri (Reid, 1951) (?Mateus &
Mateus, 1966) [444]; G. leapakahi (J.L. Barnard, 1970a)
[381]; G. ovatus Myers, 1985a,c [555]; G. ruffoi (Myers,
1975a) (= species of J.L. Barnard, 1965a) [683]; G. smithi
(Holmes, 1905) (Bousfield, 1973) (Myers, 1977, 1981d)
[364]; G. tia/aui Myers, 1985a [573].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, circumtropical,
north to Cape Cod, 0-73 m, 9 species.
Goesia Boeck
with article 5
article 6
spine on palm,
per'eolDocls 3-4
longer than gnathopods,
with slender article 2, article 4 scarcely dilated, dactyls
medium. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other,
progressively longer, with slightly expanded, unlobed,
heavily setose article 2, pereopod 5 much shorter than
pereopod 7, dactyls short. Sternal processes of thorax
absent. Coxal gills [?slender to medium, present on
segments 2-6]. Pleopods [?normal]. Epimeron 3 with tooth.
Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, stout, rami slightly
unequal, as long as peduncle, peduncle of uropods 12 without ventrodistal process, that of uropod 2
occasionally smaller or obsolescent. Uropod 3 very short,
biramous, both rami short, subequal or inner ramus
strongly shortened, obtuse and weakly setose distally,
peduncle shorter than rami, very short; rami of uropods
1-3 with very stout spines and setae. Telson entire, short,
broader than long, ovate, sometimes almost pointed
apically, with 2 hooked apical cusps.
Goesia Boeck, 1871 b: 231.-Stebbing, 1906: 622.-J.L.
Bamard, 1969c: 272.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 18.
Female. Oostegites narrow, present on segments 2-
5.
Type species.
monotypy.
Autonoe
depressa
Goes,
1866,
Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical but laterally
compressed, smooth, normal, urosomites free, urosomite
1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes short, blunt;
antennal sinus moderate. Eyes small. Antenna 1 longer
than 2, both slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1
much shorter than 1, article 2 longest, accessory
flagellum absent. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short,
peduncle stout in male, flagellum 9+articulate. Epistome
[?unproduced anteriorly]. Labrum subrectangular,
weakly incised. Mandible normal, palp strong, slender,
article 3 falciform, as long as 2. Labium with entire outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
short, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla '1 triangular, with 1
apical seta, outer plate with 11 spines, palp 2-articulate.
Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, though outer appearing
slightly geniculate, inner plate shortened, with only
mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped almost
pointed, with distal setae only, outer plate long, reaching
apex of palp article 2, with only setae on medial margin,
palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article
4 very short, almost vestigial, with· long setae.
Coxae long, strongly overlapping, of various sizes and
shapes, progressively shorter from 2 to 4, coxa 1 not
dilated, barely produced forward, coxa 2 larger than 1,
coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 nearly
as long as 4, coxae 6-7 slightly smaller than anterior
coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, of subequal size, small,
densely setose, filtrative, gnathopod 2 slightly larger than
1, gnathopod 1 subchelate, article 5 long, linear, unlobed,
palm short, article 2 very setose anteriorly, articles 3-5
very setose posteriorly, article 3 slightly inflated.
Gnathopod 2 slightly enlarged, almost simple, sublinear,
Sexual dimorphism. None.
Relationship. Very similar to Leptocheirus but
differing in the further reduction of the maxillipedal
dactyl, lack of spur on uropods 1-2, and with long
setae but no short thick spines on the rami of uropods
1-2.
Haplocheira differs in the multisetose inner plate of
maxilla 1, the rectolinear article 3 of the mandibular palp
and the absence of an accessory flagellum.
See Chevalia, Protomedeia, and key with Haplocheira.
Spe.cies. Goesia aberrans (Ohlin, 1895b) (Gurjanova,
1951, as Leptocheirus) [220]; G. depressa (Goes, 1866)
(Stappers, 1911) (Stephensen, 1942, 1944a) (Gurjanova,
1951) (Just, 1970) [220].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Arctic Greenland
to Kara Sea, 10-235 m, 2 species.
Grandidierella Coutiere
Grandidierella Coutiere, 1904: 166.-Myers, 1970: 136.-J.L.
Bamard, 1973b: 18.-J.L. Bamard, 1977: 270.
Neomicrodeutopus
Schellenberg,
1925a:
168
(Neomicrodeutopus cabindae Schellenberg, 1925a,
monotypy).=J.L. Bamard, 1969c: 155......J.L. Bamard, 1973b:
21.
(Bigrandidierella) Karaman, 1985: 37 (Microdeutopus
megnae Giles, 1888, original designation).
Type species. Grandidierella mahafalensis Coutiere,
1904, monotypy.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
slightly
urosomites free, 1 ordinary. Rostrum
ocular lobes
antennal sinus weak. Eyes
small to medium. Antennae elongate, 1 slender, antenna
2 weakly stout; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 much
shorter than 1, article 2 slightly longest, accessory
flagellum I.25-articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
scarcely elongate, peduncle slightly stout in male,
flagellum much shorter than article 5 of peduncle, with
4-13 articles. Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum
subrounded, entire or weakly incised. Mandible normal,
palp weak, very slender, article 1 elongate (or short, thus
variable), article 3 rectolinear or clavate, scarcely longer,
often shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes, with
well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes long,
pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1 vestigial, without setae,
outer plate with 10-11 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of
maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with mediofacial row of
setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer
plate normal, not reaching apex of palp article 2, with
thin spines only on medial margin, palp with 4 articles,
article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 very short,
with short nail and setae.
Coxae very small, relatively short, mostly contiguous
in type, discontiguous in other species, of various sizes
and shapes, progressively shorter from 1 or 2 to 4, coxa
1 not dilated, not produced forward, or rarely with
angular cusp, coxa. 2 smaller or larger than 1, coxa 4
shorter than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 usually longer
than 4, coxa 7 much smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, both with sublinear articles,
often densely setose, gnathopod 1 greatly larger than 2,
in male simple or with false palmar boss, carpochelate,
article 4 enlarged, inflated, incipiently merochelate,
extended and fused distally along posterior margin of
article 5, article 5 long, thick, lobed, article 6 short, very
narrow, dactyl large. Gnathopod 2 subchelate,
feeble, palm transverse (type), linear, with article 4
slightly inflated and setose, article 5 longer than 6,
unlobed, article 6 more slender than 5, dactyl
ordinary.
del)re~~se~j.
cU..l.l.V\..JL.I..B..
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 scarcely dilated, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, progressively longer, with almost
linear, heavily setose article 2, pereopod 5 much
shorter than pereopod 7, article 2 less setose, dactyl of
pereopods 5-7 medium to long, curved. Sternal
processes of thorax often present. Coxal gills
[undescribed]. Pleopods with short peduncle, longer
than broad, outer ramus shortened. Epimeron 3 not
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly
unequal, longer than peduncle, peduncle with
ventrodistal process, that of uropod 2 (rarely 1) smaller
or obsolescent. Uropod 3 of medium length, uniramous,
single ramus long, I-articulate, obtuse distally, narrow,
tapering and with few armaments mostly apical, often
with vestigial article 2, peduncle shorter than rami, very
short, dilated medially. Telson entire, short, broader than
long, pentagonal or trapezoidal, with 2 hooked apical
cusps.
195
Female. Antennae shorter, antenna 2 more slender.
Coxae different from male, coxa 1 narrower, coxa 2
longer. Gnathopods small, very setose, gnathopod 1
larger than 2, normally subchelate, article 5 longer than
6, unlobed, thick on gnathopod 1. Oostegites broad,
present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Coxae, gnathopods,
antenna 2.
Variables. Antenna 2 exceptionally stout in male,
article 4 slightly sculptured (Go nottoni); flagellum
reduced to 5 articles (Go vietnamica); inner plate of maxilla
2 lacking facial setae (subgenus Bigrandidierella);
variability in shapes, proportions, projections, setosity,
ornaments (stridulation ridges) on gnathopods 1-2 and
coxae; especially, carpal tooth formulas and sizes on
gnathopod 1, dilation and sculpture of article 2; coxae
more angular than normal, coxa 1 with small anterior
point (Go spinicoxa); male gnathopod 1 carpus with
large posterior spines (Go exilis), with stridulating ridges
(Go japonica), with distal tooth and huge posterobasal
tooth (e.g. G. chelata), carpus extremely swollen (Go
teres); female gnathopod 1 carpus with posterodistal tooth
(Go perlata); male gnathopod 2 article 4 enlarged,
protruding (thus .technically merochelate), merus, carpus
and propodus heavily armed with filtrative setae (Go
gilesi, Go exilis), carpus shorter than propodus (Go gilesi),
equal to propodus (Go exilis); pereopods 3-4
inordinately setose and article 4 expanded (G
grossimana); pereopods 5-7 with variable setosity on
article 2; pereopod 5 significantly different from
pereopod 7, articles 4-6 very short and article 6
heavily spinose (Go gravipes); formula, shape and size
of sternal processes in male of specific value; setosity of
ramus on uropod 3 such as terminal only or terminal
and lateral; ramus of uropQd 3 apically geniculate (Go
gravipes).
0
Synonymy. Although not known in the type
species of Neomicrodeutopus, article 1 of the
mandibular palp in No elongata is short and this is the
only
difference
previously
connoted
for
Neomicrocdeutopus from Grandidierella. If the wide
diversity in gnathopods is allowable within one genus
there .is little justification to keep Neomicrodeutopus
separated from Grandidierella. There is little reason to
believe the four species formerly in Neomicrodeutopus
have a common ancestor but there is mild geographic
separation of the group, all species· of Neomicrodeutopus
occurring in west Africa.
One must note that many species of Grandidierella
have the tanaid-like heavily setose pereopod 7
whereas N. elongata does not.
Relationship. Differing from Camacho in the
carpochelate gnathopod 1 and the uniramous. uropod 3.
From Unciola in the carpochelate male gnathopod 1,
long ramus of uropod 3, non-bisinuate epimeron 3 and
less angular coxae.
196
Records of the Australian Museum
~ur)ple:ment
13 (Part 1)
G. vietnamica
G. teres
1968
Habitat and distribution. Marine and
and
lU'.JlU,V1l.~.D,U'.I..I., an(~nHJLl1ne,
0-80 m, 31
01J"-"V.l.v0.
Hansenella Chevreux
G. cabindae :SCJlelJlenlberg,
1951
G. dentimera Myers, 1970
G. elongata (Chevreux,
1951) [445];
G. exilis Myers, 1981b
G.
Chilton, 1921a
(?Imbach, 1969) (Ledoyer, 1979b,
(Myers, 1981b)
(Asari & Myers, 1982) [600]; G. gravipes K.H. Bamard,
1935 (Asari & Myers, 1982) [650F to 670]; G. grossimana
Ledoyer, 1967b, 1982b (Myers, 1972) [698]; G. indentata
Ledoyer, 1979b [648]; G. insulae Myers, 1981b [589];G.
japonica Stephensen, 1938a (Chapman & Dorman, 1975)
(Myers, 1981b) (Hirayama, 1984a) [395 to 781T]; G. koa
J.L. Bamard, 1977b [381Q]; G. lignorum K.H. Bamard,
1935, 1952 (Griffiths, 1975) [743E]: G. longidactyla Ledoyer,
1982b [698];G. lutosa K.H. Bamard, 1952 (Ledoyer,
1982b) [745E]; G. macronyx K.H. Bamard, 1935 (Asari &
Myers, 1982) [664Q]; G. mahafalensis Coutiere, 1904
(Myers, 1972) (Ledoyer, 1982b) [919Q]; G. makena J.L.
Bamard, 1970a, 1971a [381]; G. megnae (Giles, 1888)
G. bonnieri Stebbing, 1908a) (Tattersall, 1922a) (Asari
& Myers, 1982) [600 + 400]; G. nottoni Shoemaker, 1935b
[537E]; G. nyala Griffiths, 1974c [743]; G. palama J.L.
Bamard, 1977b [381Q]; G. perlata Schellenberg, 1938a
(Myers, 1985c) [560 to 580]; G. propodentata Moore, 1986
[633E]; G. robusta Ledoyer, 1982b [698]; G. spinicoxa
............JLJLJL .....JL ...... ,
Hansenella Chevreux, 1909: 5.-J.L. Bamard, 1969c: 153.1969: 138.
Type species.. Hansenella longicornis Chevreux, 1909,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Female. Like females of Microdeutopus
but female gnathopod 1 much more massively
developed than in any females of Microdeutopus.
Male. Unknown.
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Relationship. See Diagnosis.
Species. Hansenella longicornis Chevreux, 1909,
1935 [305B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, near Azores,
1360 m, 1 species.
Key to the Haplocheira-Leptocheirus Group
1.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 multisetose."
2
- - Inner plate of maxilla 1 with 1 seta
2.
4
Inner ramus of uropod 3 absent, coxa 1 small
Kuphocheirus
- - Inner ramus of uropod 3 present, coxa 1 present
3.
Gp.athopod
enlarged and almost parachelate
- - Gnathopod 1 feeble, simple
4.
3
Anonychocheirus
G •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Uropods 1-2 with spur, rami with setae
--.Uropods 1-2 lacking spur, rami not setose
Haplocheira
Goesia
~
Leptocheirus
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean AmlphlPO(la
than
1-2 hooked
Haswell
Ha.ploche'lra Haswell, 1879a:
Bamard, 1969c: 272.-Moore &
197
1906: 609.-J.L.
1983: 181.
(=
Sexual
Absent.
Diagnosis..
normal, urosomites
urosomite 1 nrrhn'Clr'{,
short to absent, ocular lobes moderate, nrn.11111"'1311
pointed or blunt, antennal sinus moderate. Eyes medium.
Antennae subequal, 1 slender, antenna 2 slightly stout;
peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, article
2 longest, accessory flagellum 2-articulate, main flagellar
articles very few. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short
to scarcely elongate, peduncle occasionally slightly stout,
flagellum with 4+ articles. Epistome [?unproduced
anteriorly]. Labrum [?subrounded, entire]. Mandible
normal, palp strong, moderately stout, article 3
rectolinear, shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
short, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, large,
with a row of medial and apical setae, outer plate with
9 spines, palp 2-articulate. Inner plates of maxilla 2 broad,
outer narrow, inner plate with only mediomarginal
setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer
plate short, reaching halfway along palp article 2, with
[?setae only on medial margin], palp with 4 articles,
article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 short, with long
setae.
Coxae ordinary, overlapping, coxa 1 not dilated,
barely produced forward, coxa 2 shorter than 1, coxa 4
not longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long
as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, of subequal size, small, simple,
both with linear articles, densely setose, gnathopod 2
longer than 1, gnathopod 1 article 5 short, unlobed, article
6 long, linear, dactyl long. Gnathopod 2 linear, very
setose, article 5 as long as 6, unlobed, article 6 more
slender than article 5, dactyl short.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, as long as gnathopods, similar,
with slender article 2, article 4 slightly dilated, dactyls
long. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other, progressively
longer, with expanded article 2, pereopod 5 shorter than
pereopod 7, pereopod 5 with narrow to broad unlobed
or lobed article 2, article 2 of pereopod 7 lobate, of
pereopod 6 variable, articles 4-5 of pereopod 7 often
broad and short, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,almost
geniculate. Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills
narrow, present on [segments ?2-6]. Pleopods with dilated
peduncle and distomedial accessory appendage.
Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, stout,
rami slightly unequal, longer than peduncle, not
hooked, peduncle of uropods 1-2 with strong
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 small, very short,
biramous, both rami very short, peduncle slightly
elongate, outer ramus as long as peduncle, with vestigial
article 2, inner ramus much shorter than outer ramus,
setose
on pereopods 3-4 not setose
pereopod 7 setose on posterodistal margin
or not (H. barbimanus); posterodistal corner of epimeron
3 acute
ph4mosa), or obtuse
barb~manus).
1"llT'\1.f"'l"llllh:T
Relationship.. See Anonychocheirus, Goesia,
Kuphocheira and Leptocheirus. in key above.
Species.. Haplocheira balssi Schellenberg, 1931
(Moore & Myers, 1983) [866]; H. barbimana (Thomson,
1879b) (? = H. lendenfeldi Cliilton, 1884a) (Stebbing,
1914b) (Stephensen, 1927a) (Schellenberg, 1931) (Nicholls,
1938) (Moore & Myers, 1983, also subspecies) H. b. typica
Haswell, 1879a, 1885b (Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer, 1974);
H. b. robusta K.H. Barnard, 1932 [800 + B]; H. plumosa
Stebbing, 1888 (Moore & Myers, 1983) (=H. barbimanus
identifications of K.H. Bamard, 1930, 1932; Bellan-Santini,
1972; Thurston, 1974b) [880 +B].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, austral shores
on continents and islands, Antarctic islands, 0-457 m, 3
species.
lsaea Milne Edwards
Figs 40A, 42B
Isaea Milne Edwards,
1830: 380.-Stebbing, 1906: 630.J.L. Barnard, 1969c: 272.-J.L. Barnard, J973b: 19.-tincoln,
1979a: 496.
Type species. I saea montagui Milne Edwards, 1830,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, pointed; antennal sinus
moderate. Eyes large..Antennae of medium length,
subequal, both slender, peduncular article 3 ofahtefiila
1 as long as 1, articles 1 or 2 or 3 longest, accessory
flagellum pluriarticulate.· Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
scarcely elongate. Epistome [?unproduced anteriorly].
Labrum subrounded, entire. Mandible normal, palp
strong, article 3· rectolinear or clavate, scarcely shorter
than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes, with well-
198
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
c1e'lelc)ne~fI inner lobes, mandibular lobes long, pointed.
of maxilla 1 triangular, short, with row of 3Inner
4 lateral setae, outer plate with 7 spines, palp 2-articulate.
Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with only
meOlOlmalrglnal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal
outer plate normal, not reaching apex of palp
article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4
articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 long,
with medium setae.
Coxae long, strongly overlapping, progressively
elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, not produced
forward, coxa 2 larger than 1, coxa 4 longer than coxa
1, not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much
smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse;
gnathopod 2 greatly larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male
subchelate, article 5 longer than 6, unlobed.
Gnathopod 2 enlarged, weakly subchelate, with article 2
not dilated, article 5 longer than 6, more slender than 6,
unlobed, article 6 dilated, dactyl short.
Pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopods, similar, with
slender article 2, article 4 dilated, not glandular,
prehensile, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each
other, progressively longer, prehensile, pereopod 5
scarcely shorter than pereopod 7, with broader article 2,
pereopods 5-7 with broad lobed article 2, dactyl of
pereopods 5-7 short, curved, grasping. Sternal processes
of thorax absent. Coxal gills· [undescribed, present on
segments 2-3-4-5-6-7]. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami equal, as
long as peduncle, peduncle of uropods 1-2 without
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 ordinary, biramous,
peduncle slightly elongate but shorter than rami, rami 1articulate, subequal, narrow, tapering and with few
armaments. Telson entire, short, as broad as long, ovate,
without hooks.
Female. Gnathopod 2 slightly smaller than in
male. Oostegites moderately broad, present on segments
2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak. Gnathopod 2.
Relationship. Differing from Gammaropsis and allies
in the prehensile pereopods.
See Isaeopsis and Pagurisaea.
Removals. Isaea longipalpus Kunkel, 1910, to
Columbaora.
Species. Isaea concinna Gurjanova, 1938b, 1951
(Kudrjaschov, 1972b) [280 + I]; I. elmhirsti Patience,
1909b,c (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Lincoln, 1979a)
(Moore, 1983b) [240 + I]; I. montagui Milne Edwards,
1830 (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Lincoln, 1979a) [352
+ I].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, north-east
Atlantic and Mediterranean, Japan to Bering Sea,
shallow water, commensals of large crustaceans such as
crabs and lobsters, 3 species.
K.H. Bamard
K.H. Bamard, 1916: 267.-J.L. Bamard, 1969c:
278.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 25.
species.
tenax K.H. Barnard, 1916,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body [?laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary]. Rostrum
[?short] , ocular lobes short, pointed, antennal sinus
[?weak]. Eyes small. Antennae of [?medium length], 1
shorter than 2, both stout; peduncular article 3 antenna
1 [?shorter than 1], article [?1 2 3] longest, accessory
flagellum I-articulate, main flagellar articles very few.
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 [?short], peduncle stout.
Epistome
[?unproduced
anteriorly].
Labrum
[?subrounded, entire]. Mandible normal, with reduced
molar, somewhat conical but apically blunt, palp strong,
article 3 clavate, shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular
lobes [?short] , pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1
[?vestigial, ?without setae], outer plate with [?9] spines,
palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 [?rather broad, inner
plate with mediofacial row of setae]. Inner plate of
maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate short, not
reaching apex of palp article 2, [?with spines on medial
margin], palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3
unlobed, article 4 long, with [?medium setae].
Coxae relatively long, overlapping, of various sizes,
[?progressively elongate from 2 to 4], coxa 1 not
dilated, not produced forward, very small in contrast to
enlarged coxae 2-4, coxa 4 longer than coxa 1', not lobed,
coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior
coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, gnathopod 2 greatly
larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male weakly subchelate,
article 5 shorter than 6, unlobed. Gnathopod 2 enlarged,
subchelate, with article 2 not dilated, serrate, article 5
very short, unlobed, article 6 dilated, sometimes with
false chela or with process on posteroproximal
margin, dactyl relatively short in relation to elongate
'palm'.
Pereopods 3-4 prehensile, similar, with slender article
2, article 4 dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 similar
to each other, progressively longer, prehensile,
pereopods 5-7 with broad lobed article 2, dactyl of
pereopods 5-7 short, with accessory tooth on outer
margin. Sternal processes of thorax [?absent]. Coxal gills
[?undescribed, present on segments 2-6]. Pleopods
[undescribed]. Epimeron 3 [?bisinuate]. Uropods 1-2
biramous, stout, rami slightly unequal, [?shorter than
peduncle], peduncle of uropod 1. with ventrodistal process.
Uropod 3 of ordinary length, biramous, both rami very
short, outer ramus recurved apically, with 2 apicolateral
teeth, peduncle elongate, .longer than rami, inner ramus
as long as outer ramus, narrow, tapering and with apical
spine. Telson entire, broader than long, semicircular, with
2 apicolateral .spines.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean AITlpllllpC)(la
2 like
seglmenlts 2-
Sexual
2.
Relationship.
from other
especially Ischyrocerus and lassa, in the prehensile
pereopods. In the keys, lsaeopsis comes closest to the
aforementioned genera if pereopodal conditions are
ignored. From lsaea in the shortened rami of uropod 3
and with the outer ramus hooked and denticulate. From
and
in the
hooked
3.
1916
tenax K.H.
Habitat and distribution.
South
area of Capetown, shallow water, on eggs of Palinurus
lalandii, 1 species.
~f
f
D
E
A
5
199
E
7
E
Fig.47. Corophioidea, Ischyroceridae. A, Ventojassa ventosa; B, Parajassa pelagica; C, Jassa falcata; D,
Ischyrocerus megacheir; E, Microjassa microcoxa; F, Isaeopsis tenax; G, Ischyrocerus anquipes.
F
Records of the Australian Museum (1991)
200
~UT)ple:me:nt
13 (Part 1)
on medial
article 3
48A
4
with
or
n:rOQ-resslvelv elolngate from 1 to 4,
not
coxa 2 often
than coxa 1,
coxa 4 not
as 4, coxae 6-7
smaller
lobed, coxa 5
as
than anterior coxae. UnathOP()(1s
2 greatly larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male subchelate,
article 5 short, shorter than 6, poorly lobed. Gnathopod
2 enlarged, weakly to strongly subchelate, with article 2
not dilated, with article 4 occasionally enlarged and
incipiently merochelate, extended along posterior
margin of article 5, article 5 much shorter than 6, lobed,
article 6 hugely dilated, sometimes with weak false chela
or process on distal margin near dactylar base, but
lacking huge thumb; dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyIs short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to
each other, progressively longer, pereopod 5 shorter
than pereopod 7, pereopods 5-7 with narrow to broad,
lobed or unlobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,
curved, without accessory spine on outer margin.
Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills present
on segments 2-6. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 barely
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly
unequal, longer (2) than or almost as long as (1)
peduncle, peduncle of uropod 1 with ventrodistal
process. Uropod 3 slightly elongate, biramous, both rami
very short, outer ramus recurved apically, with small
apicolateral teeth, pegs or thorns, peduncle elongate,
longer than rami, inner ramus narrow, tapering and with
few armaments mostly apical. Telson entire, as broad as
""'VA.l.L..lJ;;UVII..lC'
1906: 657.25."""""Lincoln,
1879b: 336
Krfl1yer, 1838b,
monotypy.
subcylindrical, occasionally
corrugated,
elevations, teeth or
carinate, slightly depressed, or usually smooth;
urosomites free~ urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum short,
ocular lobes short, pointed, antennal sinus deep. (Head
as long as pereonites 1-2 together). Eyes ordinary.
Antennae of various lengths, 1 shorter than 2, 1 slender,
antenna 2 often stout in male; peduncular article 3 of
antenna 1 longer·· than 1, articles 2-3 longest, accessory
flagellum 2-articulate, main flagellar articles few (5-7).
Antenna 4. peduncular article 3 scarcely elongate,
peduncle often stout in male, flagellum short. Epistome
produced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, entire.
Mandible· normal, palp strong, article 3 clavate, shorter
than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes, with welldeveloped inner lobes, mandibular lobes long, pointed.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, with 1 apical seta,
outer plate with 7 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of
maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with barely mediofacial
row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines,
outer plate normal, not reaching apex of palp article 2,
V.ll..Il.ll.JI,.v ..J.I..Il..I.,F.,
1I"'\....r<~rllll.0arll
1
or3
~A
I
1
~D
.:.:'?:"'
~
.. :'.'.'.'
/~
A
A
Q
2
c
2
A
Fig.48. Corophioidea, Ischyroceridae. A, lschyrocerus anguipes; B, Pseudischyrocerus denticauda; C, Jassa
falcata; D, Ventojassa ventosa~
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amlphl.pO(la
201
with 2
sets of small armaments.
Female. Antennae often smaller and antenna 2 more
Coxae different from
both
gn(;ltnc~PO(lS
on
se12:me~nts
Sexual
Coxa 1 shortened
coxa 5 as long as
4, coxa 4 not excavate
chinipa, I. claustris); coxa 5
much shorter than 4 (I. megalops); article 2 of gnathopod
1 distally dilated and article 4incipiently merochelate,
article 2 of gnathopod 2 immensely long and body
keeled (I. carina(a, I. gorgoniae); gnathopod 2 essentially
simple (I. longimanus); male gnathopod 2 strongly
merochelate (I. kapu, probably a distinct genus, bearing
double process on palm); palm of gnathopod 2 with
rudimentary proximal thumb (I. tzvetkovae); body
with posterodorsal teeth or humps (e.g. l. cristatus, I.
serratus).
Relationship. The basic ischyrocerid.Jassa,
Microjassa and Parajassa have an extended
posteroproximal thumb on the palm of male gnathopod
2.
See Bonnierella, lsaeopsis, Pseudischyrocerus and
Ventojassa.
Species. See Shoemaker, 1930a; Stephensen, 1940b,
1942, 1944a, 1944c;l.albanoviGuDanova, 1946, 1951 [220
+ B]; I. anguipes Kr~yer, 1838b (Sars, 1895) (Bousfield,
1973) (Lincoln, 1979a) (= I. zebra Rathke, 1843) (= I.
minutus Li1jeborg, 1851a, Sars, 1895) (= I. fucicola
Stimpson, 1853) (= I. isopus Walker, 1889) [200 + B]; I.
brevicornis (Sars, 1879, 1885, 1886) (Stephensen, 1942)
(Gurjanova, 1951) [220 + B]; I. brusilovi Gurjanova, 1933b
(Gorbunov, 1946) (Gurjanova, 1935b, 1951)
(Stephensen, 1944a) [220 + B]; I. camptonyx Thurston,
1974b [890]; I. carinatus K.H. Barnard, 1916 (Griffths,
1974a, 1975) [743]; I. chamissoi Gurjanova, 1951 [290]; I.
chinipa J.L. Barnard, 1979b [540]; I. claustris J.L.
Bamard, 1969a [370]; I. commensalis Chevreux, 1900a
(Shoemaker, 1930a) (Stephensen, 1944c) (Gurjanova,
1951) (Steele etal., 1986) [200 + I]; I. cristatus Gurjanova,
1938b, 1951 (Kudrjaschov, 1979) [280]; I. ctenophorus
Schellenberg, 1953 (Griffiths, 1974a, 1975) [743]; I.
dezhnevi Gurjanova, 1951 (Kudrjaschov, 1972b) [280]; I.
elongatus Gurjanova, 1938b, 1951 (Kudrjaschov, 1979)
[280]; I. enigmaticus Gurjanova, 1934a, 1951 [220 + B]; I.
gorgoniae K.H. Barnard, 1940 (Griffiths, 1975) [7431]; I.
gurjanovae Kudrjaschov, 1975 [280]; I. hanseni
Stephensen, 1944c (Gurjanova, 1951) [209B]; I. hortator
(?Bonnierella antecedent) J.L. Barnard, 1964d [707A to
814B]; I. inexpectatus Ruffo, 1959, 1969 (Ruffo &
Schickel, 1967) (Diviacco, 1979b) [340 + 677]; I. kapuJ.L.
Barnard, 1970a [381]; I. krascheninnikovi Gurjanova,
I. nan~OlajeS
(Just,
1944c) (Gurjanova,
I. oahu I.L.
1970a, I. o. armatus Ledoyer,
1986 [600]; I. parvus Stout, 1913 (Shoemaker, 1941) [373];
I. pelagops J.L.Bamard, 1962a, 1964b, 1966a [370]; I.
rhodomelae Gurjanova, 1938b, 1951 (Kudrjaschov, 1979)
[280]. I. serratus Gurjanova, 1938b, 1951 (Kudrjaschov,
1979) [280]; I. stephenseni Gurjanova, 1951 (Just, 1980)
[220B]; I. tenuicornis (Sars, 1885) (Gurjanova, 1951)
(= I. longicornis Sars, 1879, homonym) [218A]; I.
tuberculatus (Hoek, 1882) (Gurjanova, 1951) (?= I. hoeki
Stebbing 1888) [220 + B + ?715A]; I. tzvetkovae
Kudrjaschov, 1975 (Coyle & Mueller, 1981) [230];
"species" Birula, 1937 [291]; "species" Gurjanova,
1938b [395]; "species" J.L. Bamard, 1969a [370]; "species"
J.L. Barnard, 1971a [381]; "species" Ledoyer, 1979a
[698]; "species" Just, 1980 [253]; "species" Just, 1980
[253]; "species" Just, 1980 [253].
\A.JL
q
~te·Dnensen,
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan, 02455 m, 39 species.
Janice Griffiths
Janice Griffiths, 1973: 280.
Type species. Janice spinidactyla Griffiths, 1973,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body cylindrical, slightly depressed,
smooth, urosomites free, 1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular
lobes obsolescent, blunt; antennal sinus moderate. Eyes
medium. Antenna 1 elongate, slender, antenna 2
[?unknown, stout]; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 much
shorter than 1, article 2 slightly longest, accessory
flagellum absent. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 scarcely
elongate, peduncle [?slightly stout it! male, flagellum
much shorter than article 5 of 'peduncle, with 4-13
articles]. Epistome [?unproduced anteriorly]. Labrum
[?subrounded, entire or weakly incised]. Mandible
normal, palp strong, stout, article 1 elongate, article 3
clavate, shorter than 2. Labium with [?entire outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular
lobes long, pointed]. Inner plate of maxilla 1 [?vestigial,
without setae,' outer plate. with 10-11 spines, palp 2articulate]. Plates of maxilla 2 [?ordinary, inner plate
with mediofacial row of setae].. Inner plate of
maxilliped with distal setae, outer plate normal, not
202
Records of the Australian Museum
~up"plen[1ent
13 (Part 1)
Leach
48C
Coxae very
of various sizes and
pr()gn~ss]lvejlv shorter from 2 to 4, coxa 1 not
coxa 2
than 1, coxa 4 not
than coxa 1, not
coxa 5 as
as 4, coxae
6-7 smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2
diverse, of
size, large, gnathopod 1 subchelate,
article 5 thick, unlobed, longer than 6, article 6
ordinary, .dactyl small. Gnathopod 2 almost parachelate,
linear, with article 2 slightly dilated, 4 inflated, strongly
merochelate, extended and partly fused distally along
posterior margin of article 5, article 5 longer than 6,
article 6 more slender than 5, palm transverse, dactyl
short.
Pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopod 1, similar, with
inflated article 2, article 4 dilated, dactyls medium.
Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other, progressively
longer, with slightly expanded article 2, pereopod 5
shorter than pereopods 6-7,· article 2 broader, pereopods
6-7 with narrower, setose article 2, dactyl of pereopods
5-7 short, curved. Sternal processes [undescribed].
Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods [?with short
peduncle, longer than broad, outer ramus shortened].
Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, stout,
rami of uropod 2 slightly unequal, shorter (1) or as long
as (2) peduncle, peduncle without ventrodistal
process. Uropod 3 of medium length, uniramous,
single ramus long, l..,articulate, narrow, tapering, obtuse
and setose apically, peduncle shorter than ramus, very
short, dilated medially. Telson entire, short, broader
than long, emarginate apically, with 2 hooked apical
cusps.
Female. Unknown. [?Antennae shorter, antenna 2
more slender. Coxae different from male, coxa 1
narrower, coxa 2 longer. Gnathopods small, very setose,
gnathopod 1 larger than 2, normally subchelate, article
5 longer than 6, unlobed, thick on gnathopod 1,
comparison to Grandidierella]. Oostegites [?broad,
present on segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Relationship. Differing from Grandidierella in the
small, non- carpochelate male gnathopod 1.
From Unciolella in the lack of urosomal teeth, lack
of a spur on uropod 1, in the inflated article 2 of
pereopods 3-4, lack of accessory flagellum, and lack of
toothed plate on. article 2 of gnathopod 1.
See •. NeiJhela.
Species. Janice spinidactyla Griffiths, 1973 [741E].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, southern Africa,
estuarine,. 1 species.
Jassa Leach, 1814b:
Bamard, 1969c: 279.-J.L. Bamard,
1974b: 99.-Lincoln, 1979a: 548.
1853: 840
Dana, 1952b: 309
validum Dana, 1853, present selection, ?=
type
Haswell, 1880b: 32
Nardo, 1847: 20 (Lusyta algensis Nardo, 1847,
monotypy).
Bruzeliella Norman, 1905: 83 (Bruzeliella falcata
(Montagu, 1808), original designation).
Hemijassa Walker, 1907: 38 (Jassa goniamera Walker, 1903,
monotypy).
Type species. Cancer falcatus
selected by Chevreux & Fage, 1925.
Montagu,
1808,
Diagnosis.
Body
subcylindrical,
slightly
depressed, usually smooth; urosomites free, urosomite 1
ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes short, pointed or
blunt, antennal sinus deep. (Head as long as pereonites
1-2 together). Eyes ordinary. Antennae of various
lengths, 1 shorter than 2, 1 slender, antenna 2 often stout
in male; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 longer than
1, articles 2-3 longest, accessory flagellum 2-articulate,
main flagellar articles few (5-7). Antenna 2 peduncular
article 3 scarcely elongate, peduncle often stout in male,
flagellum short. Epistome produced anteriorly. Labrum
subrounded, entire. Mandible normal, palp strong,
article 3 clavate, shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular
lobes long, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular,
with 1 apical seta, outer plate with 7 spines, palp 2articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with
barely mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of
maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate normal, not
reaching apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial
margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3 lobed,
article 4 short, with long setae.
Coxae relatively short to long, often of various sizes
and shapes, weakly contiguous or weakly overlapping,
progressively elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1 dilated,
produced forward, often small in contrast to enlarged
coxae 2-4, coxa 2 also short, coxa 4 not longer than coxa
1, slightly lobed, coxa 5 usually slightly shorter than 4,
coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, gnathopod 2 greatly larger than
1, gnathopod 1 in male subchelate, article 5 short,
shorter than 6, poorly lobed. Gnathopod 2 enlarged,
weakly to strongly subchelate, with article 2 not dilated,
with article 4 occasionally enlarged and incipiently
merochelate, extended along posterior margin of article
5, article 5 much shorter than 6, lobed, article 6 hugely
dilated, with large thumb or process on proximal
margin remote from dactylar base, dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyIs short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean
each
5 shorter
than
5-7 with narrow to
lobed or unlobed article 2,
of
5-7
without accessory spine on outer
Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal
on
2-6.
normal.
3
u,
""~ rami slightly
1) than or almost as long as
peduncle, peduncle of uropod 1 with ventrodistal
process. Uropod 3 slightly elongate, biramous, both rami
very short, outer ramus recurved apically, with large and
few (usually 2) apicolateral teeth, pegs or thorns,
peduncle elongate, longer than rami, inner ramus
narrow, tapering and with few armaments mostly apical.
Telson entire, as broad as long, pentagonal, pointed
apically, with 2 apicolateral sets of small armaments.
U'
'-,
'-'.a
,
Female. Antennae often smaller and antenna 2
more slender. Coxae occasionally different from male, 34 often much longer, occasionally shorter. Gnathopods
small, gnathopod 2 much larger than 1, normally
subchelate, article 5 shorter than 6, weakly lobed on both
gnathopods 1-2. Oostegites broad, present on segments
2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods.
Variables. Female gnathopod 2 as small as
gnathopod 1 (J. lilpuna).
Relationship. Differing from Isehyroeerus in the
presence of a large thumb or tooth on the palm of male
gnathopod 2; also male coxa 1 is generally sharper at the
anteroventral angle and the pegs or thorns on the
outer ramus of uropod 3 are generally larger and fewer
than in Isehyroeerus. Usually female gnathopod 2 is
much larger than in Isehyroeerus and like non-terminal
stages of male gnathopod 2.
See Isaeopsis and Mierojassa.
Removal. Jassa ornata (Miers, 1875b, 1879) to
Podoeerus.
Species. Based on Conlan (1990); J. alonsoae
Conlan, 1990 [833, 840, 895]; J. borowskyae Conlan, 1990
[230]; J. earltoni Conlan, 1990 [372]; J faleata (Montagu,
1808) (Sars, 1895) (= J. pulehella Leach, 1814) (Lincoln,
1979) [240]; J. fenwieki Conlan, 1990 [776 + 833]; J.
gruneri Conlan, 1990 [783]; J. hartmannae Conlan, 1990
[775]; J. herdmaniWalker, 1893 [355]; J. ingens (Pfeffer,
1888) (Schellenberg, 1931) (Thurston, 1974a,b) [890]; J.
justi Conlan, 1990 [849, 895,780]; J. marmorata Holmes,
1905 (Lincoln, 1979) (= J. faleata of Chevreux & Fage,
1925; Bousfield, 1973) [422]; J. morinoi Conlan, 1990 [422];
J. myersi Conlan, 1990 [372]; J. oelairi Conlan, 1990 [230];
J. pusilla (Sars, 1895) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925)
(Lincoln, 1979a) (= J. minutus Sars, 1883, homonym) (=
J. odontonyx Sars, 1895) (= J. dentex of ,Chevreux &
Fage, 1925) [250]; J. shawi Conlan, 1990 (379); J. slatteryi
Conlan, 1990 [422]; J. staudei Conlan, 1990 [369]; J.
AmtphJlpOCla
203
J. dentex
1903 (:ste~phe~nse,n,
+
J.
J.L.
1970a [381]; J. monodon
(HelIer, 1867)
J. multidentata Schellenberg, 1931
[833]; J. oeia (Bate,
1979a) (Chevreux &
Fage, 1925) [352T]; J. orientalis (Dana, 1852a, 1853)
(Stebbing, 1906) [648]; J. spinipes (Johnston, 1829) [239];
J. validum (Dana, 1853) [751]; J. variegatus Leach,
1814 [239]; J. wandeli (Chevreux, 1906a) [872].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan, 0342 m, mostly very shallow water, major fouling
genus, often carried by ships to exotic ports, 19
species.
Kamaka Derzhavin
Fig.39C
Kamaka Derzhavin, 1923b: 188.-J.L. Barnard, 1973b: 19.
Type species. Kamaka kuthae Derzhavin 1923b,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical, slightly depressed,
smooth, urosomites 1-2 coalesced, 3 free from 2 but
coalesced with telson, marked ventrally by sutures.
Rostrum short, supra-antennal line almost absent except
in defining ocular lobes, ocular lobes elongate, very
produced" forward, blunt, antennal sinus deep. (Head
much longer than pereonites 1-2 together). Eyes
medium, on apices of stalked ocular'lobes. Antennae of
medium length, 1 shorter than 2, both slender,
peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 slightly shorter than 1,
article 1 longest, accessory flagellum absent, main
flagellar articles very few. Antenna 2 peduncular article
3 scarcely elongate, flagellar articles 5-7. Epistome
[?unproduced anteriorly]. Labrum subrounded, incised.
Mandible normal, palp strong, very slender, article 1
elongate, article 3 rectolinear, shorter than 2. Labium
with entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner
lobes, mandibular lobes short, pointed. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 short, without setae, outer plate with 10 spipes,
palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate
with only few or no mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of
maxilliped with distal spines, outer .plate very long,
exceeding apex. of palp article 2, with spines on medial
margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3
unlobed, article 4 sho~, stubby, with medium nail and
setae.
Coxae relatively long, lobuliform, weakly
overlapping, of various sizes and shapes, progressively
elongate from 2 to 4, coxa 1 dilated, produced
204
Records of the Australian Museum
:Sup'pleuaent 13
than coxa
as 4, coxa 7 much smaller
Unclthc)pocjs 1-2
gnathopod
1 in male
subchelate,
with article 2 not dilated nor
setose, article 5 very
unlobed, article 6
with false chela or large process on posteroproximal
margin, dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 weakly dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other,progressively longer, with weakly
expanded article 2, prehensile, pereopod 5 much
shorter than pereopod 7, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,
curved. Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed].
Coxal gills slender [?present on segments 2-6]. Pleopods
normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Vropods 1-2
biramous, stout, rami slightly unequal, shorter (1) or
longer (2) than peduncle, peduncle of uropod 1 with
ventrodistal process. Vropod 3 small, uniramous, single
ramus short, with vestigial article 2, obtuse and setose
distally, peduncle as long as ramus, short, dilated medially.
Telson entire, short, broader than long, semicircular,
poorly armed.
Female. Antennae weaker. Coxae not different
from male. Gnathopods small, gnathopod 2 slightly larger
than 1, normally subchelate, article 5 as long as 6,
unlobed. Oostegites narrow, present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods.
Variables. Male antenna 2 exceptionally long
(type); coxa 5 like coxa 4 and not lobed (K. biwae);
peduncle of uropod 3 not dilated medially (K. biwae).
Relationship. Unique in the coalesced urosomites 12 coupled with coalesced telson and uropod 3.
See Chevalia and Rakiroa.
Species. Kamaka biwae Veno, 1943 [027]; K. dershavini
Gurjanova, 1951 [013]; K. kuthae Dershavin, 1923b (Veno,
1935a, 1936) (Gurjanovfl, 1951) [013]; K. palmata Dang,
1968 [954];
Habitat and distribution. Fresh and brackish
waters, east Asia from Vietnam to Kamchatka, Japan, 4
species.
Konatopus J.L. Bamard
1)
'-J'..l..l..l'V'V'''.II...l~
urosomites
ocular lobes m()derat,e~
antennal sinus
AA''U'.a.AAA .......a.'
n1I"Arllllr>t:llrl
+................. "411 ....'""
incised. ManQl.ble
shorter than 2. Labium
entire outer
mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate
1
ovate, with 3 medial setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp
2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate
with mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped
with distal spines, outer plate normal, not reaching apex
of palp article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with
4 articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 very
short, with medium setae along.
Coxae small, relatively short, weakly overlapping, of
various sizes and shapes, not progressively elongate
from 1 to 4, coxa 1 dilated, very wide but not produced
forward, coxa 2 narrower, coxa 4 not longer than coxa
1, scarcely lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4; coxa 7
smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse;
gnathopod 1 greatly larger than 2, article 2 dilated, in
male poorly subchelate, also carpochelate, also nearly
merochelate, article 5 long, stout, with small tooth,
article 6 very small, palm short and transverse.
Gnathopod 2 weakly subchelate, feeble, article 2
weakly dilated, article 5 longer than 6, not lobed, article
6 more slender than article 5, dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 generally normal, similar, with
dilated article 2 on pereopod 4, article 4 barely dilated,
dactyIs short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other,
progressively longer, with weakly expanded article 2,
pereopod 5 much shorter than 7; pereopods 6-7 with
basally broader almost or distinctly lobed article 2,
pereopods 5-7 with short, curved dactyl. Sternal
processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills
[undescribed]. Pleopods [undescribed]. Epimeron 3. not
bisinuate. Vropods 1-2 biramous, rami slightly unequal,
much longer than (2) or equal (1) to peduncle; peduncle
of uropod 1 with moderate ventrodistal process.
Vropod 3 of moderate length, biramous, rami of
medium length, tapering, obtuse, with few armaments
mostly apical, peduncle shorter than rami but itself
weakly elongate, outer ramus with vestigial article 2,
shorter than inner ramus. Telson entire, short,
broader than long, pentagonal, pointed apically, with
apicolateral spine on each side.
..l..l'V'..l. ..l..l..l'-4>.II..,
Type species. Konatopus paao I.L. Barnard, 1970a,
original designation.
Female. Coxae different from male, 1 much narrower.
Gnathopods small,. gllatnopod 1 not larger than 2, PQorly
subchelate, article 5 shorter (2) or longer (1) than 6,
unlobed. Article 2 ofpereopod 5 narrower basally.
Oostegites [?moderately narrow, broad, present on
segments 2-5].
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, slender,
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Coxae, gnathopods,
Konatopus I.L.
Bam~rd,
1970a: 70.
Bamard& Karaman: Marine Gammaridean ArrlPhllPo<la
5.
Variables. Article 2
short but
carpus with accessory
article 2 of
lobe
not
205
outer
mandibular lobes
Inner
with 6-7
of maxilla 1 ovate,
setae, outer
1 or 2-articulate.
with 9
Inner
of maxilla 2 narrow, inner
with
of
setae.
narrow and
setae, outer
1, with setae
apex
on medial
_ .
article 2
long, article 3 U.l..I.JlVIU'V~
seta.
Coxae relatively
of various sizes
and shapes, not progressively elongate from 1 to 4,
coxa 1 not dilated, not produced forward, small in
contrast to enlarged coxa 2, coxa 2 also short but
larger than 1, dilated, coxa 4 not longer than coxa 2, not
lobed, coxa 5 [?nearly as long as 4], coxae 6-7 [?much
smaller than anterior coxae]. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse,
small, simple, both with linear articles, densely setose,
gnathopod 2 not or slightly larger than 1, gnathopod 1
with article 5 long, unlobed, article 6 shorter and
thinner than 5, dactyl small. Gnathopod 2 slightly
enlarged, article 5 longer than 6, unlobed, article 6
occasionally dilated but slightly more slender than
article 5, dactyl strongly reduced.
Pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopods, similar, with
slightly inflated article 2, article 4 scarcely dilated in
one species, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each
other, progressively longer, with broad, unlobed article
2, pereopod 5 much shorter than pereopods 6-7, dactyl
of pereopods 5-7 short, curved. Sternal processes of
thorax absent. Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods
[undescribed]. Epimeron 3 bisinuate. Uropods 1-2
biramous, stout, rami slightly unequal, shorter (1 and 2)
or longer (2) than peduncles, not hooked, peduncle of
uropods 1-2 (or 1 only) with ventrodistal process, that of
uropod 2 smaller or absent. Uropod 3 very short,
uniramous; single ramus short, I-articulate, obtuse and
setose or spinose distally, peduncle shorter or longer
than ramus, slightly elongate, not dilated medially.
Telson entire, short, broader than long, ovate or
circular, with 2 rows of apical bosses.
..
Relationship..
Differing
from
male
Neomegamphopus in the wider coxa 1, more inflated
article 2, smaller carpal tooth and short propodus of
gnathopod 1 bearing a palmar projection or welldeveloped palm.
From Amphideutopus in the small ordinary male
gnathopod 2, the relatively shorter rami and longer
peduncle of uropod 3, and the characters of gnathopod
1 cited above except for the palmar projection.
Konatopus also has article 2 of pereopod· 4 inflated
unlike the 2 related genera. From Microdeutopus and
allies by the deep insertion of antenna 2 into the
head.
See Acuminodeutopus, Maragopsis and Zoedeutopus.
Species. Konatopus latipalmus Ledoyer, 1979a, 1982b
[698]; K. paao I.L. Barnard, 1970a, 1971a [381]; K.
tulearensis Ledoyer, 1982b [698].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Indo-Pacific,
Hawaii to Madagascar, 0-34 m, 3 species.
Kuphocheira K.H. Bamard
Figs 451, 46F
Kuphocheira K.H. Barnard, 1931a: 429.-K.H. Bamard, 1932:
237.-J.L. Bamard, 1969c; 273.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 19.Thurston, 1974b: 95.
Type species.. Kuphocheira setimana K.H. Barnard,
1931a, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes moderate, produced forward, blunt,
antennal sinus moderate. Eyes medium. Antennae short,
1 longer than 2, 1 slender, antenna 2 stout;
peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, article
1 longest, accessory flagellum absent, main flagellar
articles about 5. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
scarcely elongate,peduncle stout in male, flagellum
with 3 articles. Epistome [?unproduced anteriorly].
Labrum rounded. Mandible normal, molar large,
somewhat conical but apically blunt, poorly triturative,
palp strong, very slender, article 3 falciform, almost
rectolinear, shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes broadly
Female. In type species article 2 of gnathopod. 2
slender, article 6 only Qne third as long as 6.
Oostegites moderately narrow, [?present on segments 25].
Sexual dimorphism. Weak or absent.
Variables. Gnathopod 2 sexually dimorphic (K.
.emancipata); possibly palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate
(type), I-articulate (K. emancipata); peduncle of uropod
2 elongate (type).
Relationship. Differing from Haplocheira in the
uniramous uropod 3 and absence of accessory
flagellum. From Anonychocheirus in the simple
gnathopod 1. From Leptocheirus in the non filtrative
article 2 of gnathopod 2.
See key with Haplocheira.
206
Records of the Australian Museum
=SuppleuGent 13 (Part 1)
Moore & Myers,
1932
Habitat and distribution.
Peninsula and South
Antarctic
18-75 m, 2
Ledoyerella Myers
Ledoyerella Myers, 1973c: 266.
Type species. Lembos caputphotis Ledoyer, 1967b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical, slightly depressed,
laterally compressed, smooth, urosomites free,
urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes
elongate,very produced forward, blunt; antennal sinus
deep. (Probably head as long as pereonites 1-2
together). Eyes small, not on apices of ocular lobes.
Antenna 1 longer than 2, both slender, peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 slightly longer than 1, article 2
longest, accessory flagellum pluriarticulate. Antenna 2
peduncular article 3 scarcely elongate. Epistome
[?unproduced anteriorly]. Labrum subrounded, entire.
Mandible normal, palp strong, article 3 clavate, shorter
than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes, with welldeveloped inner lobes, mandibular lobes long, pointed.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 linguiform, with 1 apical seta,
outer plate with 9-11 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of
maxilla 2 rather broad, inner plate with mediofacial
row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal
spines, outer plate short, not reaching two thirds along
palp article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4
articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 long,
with medium nail.
Coxae small, relatively short, [?weakly overlapping],
of various sizes and shapes, not progressively elongate
from 1 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, not produced forward,
coxa 2 larger than 1, slightly dilated, coxa 4 not longer
than coxa 1,not lobed, coxa 5 usually not as long as 4,
coxae 6-7 smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2
of subequal size, moderately large, subchelate,
gnathopod 1 scarcely or not larger than 2, article 5 of
both gnathopods as long as 6, unlobed, article 6 very
large. Gnathopod 2 with article 2 dilated, not very
setose, dactyl ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 scarcely dilated, article 6 and dactyls long.
Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other, progressively
longer, with weakly expandedunlobed article 2,
pereopod 5 much shorter than pereopod 7, dactyl of
pereopods 5-7 short, curved. Sternal processes of
thorax present or absent. Coxal gills [undescribed].
Pleopods [undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate.
Uropods 1-2 biramous,. rami equal, longer than
peduncle, peduncle of· uropods 1-2 with ventrodistal
process.
both rami
well ~BJ.l.JL.l.V~""'~
rami, outer ramus with
article 2. Telson
short, broader than
semicircular or pyntagonal, with hooked apical
cusps and few setae.
Gnathopods slightly smaller, gnathopod 2
scarcely larger than 1, normally to poorly subchelate,
article 5 almost as long as 6, unlobed. Oostegites
[?narrow, broad, present on segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Weak.
Variables. Spination and sculpturing on palms of
male gnathopod 1; dactyls of pereopods 3-4 long or
short; crenulations variable on urosomite 3; sternal
processes absent (type), present (L. isochelata).
Relationship. Differing from Lembos and allies in
the deep recessment of antenna 2 and the non-dominant
gnathopod 1, with coxa 2 dominating coxa 1. From
Gammaropsis and Posophotis in the even-sized
gnathopods 1-2. From Aorcho in. the deep recessment
of antenna 2, thick mandibular palp and slight
sculpturing on the gnathopods.
See Aorchoides, Camacho and Lemboides.
Species. Ledoyerella caputphotis (Ledoyer, 1967b,
1982b) [698]; L. haleiwa (J.L. Barnard, 1970a, 1971a)
(Ledoyer, 1982b) [600]; L. isochelata (Ledoyer, 1972c,
1979a, 1982b) [698].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Indo-Pacific,
Hawaii to Madagascar, 0-49 m, 3 species.
Lemboides Stebbing
Lemboides Stebbing, 1895d: 209.-Stebbing, 1906: 600.I.L. Bamard, 1969c: 153.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 19.
Type species. Lemboides a/er Stebbing,
monotypy.
1895d,
Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical, but laterally
compressed, smooth, urosomites free, urosomite 1
ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes short, pointed or
blunt, antennal sinus weak. Eyes small or absent.
Antennae short, 1 longer than 2, both slender, peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 much shorter than 1, articles 1-2
longest, accessory flagellum ·1.25-articulate, main
flagellar articles very few. Antenna ·2 peduncular
article 3 short, flagellum 3 to 4-articulate.Epistome
[?unproduced anteriorly]. Labrum subrounded, entire.
Mandible normal, palp strong, slender, article 3 semifalciform, shorter than or as long as 2. Labium with
entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes,
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean AmlPhl.po(la
mandibular lobes
blunt. Inner
of maxilla 1
tn2lngular, with 2
setae, outer
with
palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 rather
inner
with mediofacial row of setae.
of 1I"'ll4lnV"1I11111~c.rI with distal
outer
. . . "'
, r(~aCnlnlg apex of
article 2, with
medial
with
article 2
with medium nail and
article 3 unJlobed.. article 4
setae.
Coxae small, relatively short, weakly overlapping, of
various sizes and shapes, lengths alike from 1 to 4, coxa
1 dilated or not, produced forward or not, coxa 2 also
short, larger or smaller than 1, coxa 4 not longer than
coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 not much
smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 weakly
diverse, of subequal size, densely setose, large,
gnathopod 1 larger than 2, in male subchelate, article 5
long, inflated, unlobed, palm oblique, article 6 short, much
thinner than article 5 especially on gnathopod 1, dactyl
ordinary. Gnathopod 2 subchelate, article 2 dilated,
setose, article 5 longer and larger than 6, unlobed,
article 6 more slender than 5, sometimes with false chela,
dactyl ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, very slender, similar, with
slender article 2, article 4 not dilated, dactyIs medium.
Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other, progressively
longer, with sublinear or weakly expanded article 2,
pereopod 5 much shorter than pereopods 6-7, with
similar unlobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,
curved. Sternal processes of thorax [often
undescribed], present or absent. Coxal gills
[undescribed]. Pleopods [undescribed].. Epimeron 3 not
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly
unequal, shorter (1) or longer (2) than peduncle,
peduncle of uropod 1 with ventrodistal process. Uropod
3 of medium extension, biramous, both rami elongate,
peduncle shorter than rami, outer ramus with vestigial
article 2 or none, inner ramus almost as long or longer
than outer ramus, narrow, tapering and with
armaments mostly facial. Telson entire, short, as broad
as or broader than long, ovate, with 2 pairs of apical
setae or spines.
Female. Gnathopods smaller, article 5 less dominant.
Oostegites [?moderately narrow, broad, present on
segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Weak.
Myers (1988) diagnosis. Article 3 of mandibular
palp with posterior margin distally concave,
proximally straight; left mandibular molar with complex
plates, primary plate triangular, the margins straight or
weakly convex, . secondary,· tertiary and· quaternary
plates of similar shape or tertiary and quaternary
missing; anterior margin of maxilliped without wing-like
flanges; male gnathopod 1 with carpus larger than
propodus but lacking teeth; uropod 3 peduncle
markedly shortened, rami with spines, but no marginal
setae, outer ramus with small second article.
207
Variables.
show reasons for its tr"Jll'\C't·t=llr\
antennae very
article 3 very short
very dilated
1
and
cre'na,tlD('1lnZa >: prOlpOl(1US of male gn(lth()pC~Q
article 2 of gn,lth()pOIQ
(L. caecus, L. crenatipalma);
gnathopod 2 with
small sharp thumb (L. crenatipalma); sternal processes
absent (L. caecus), or present on segments 3-4 (L.
acanthiger).
rflLJ'rll('
l·
Relationship. Differing from Microdeutopus in the
subchelate but non-carpochelate male gnathopod 1, and
by lacking peduncular tooth of uropod 2. From
Ledoyerella in the poor recessment of antenna 2 and the
immensely .setose gnathopods. From Lembos in the small
propodus on both gnathopods. From Rudilemboides in
the enlarged gnathopod 2.
See Aorcho and all species of the Myers (1988)
diagnosis.
Removal. Lemboides crenatipalma K.H. Barnard,
1916, to Aorchoides.
Species. Lemboides acanthiger K.H. Barnard, 1916
(Griffiths, 1974b, 1975) (Myers & Lyons, 1987) [743]; L.
afer Stebbing, 1895d (K.H. Barnard, 1932)
(Schellenberg, 1926a) (Griffiths, 1974a) (Myers & Lyons,
1987) [743]; ?L. caecus Ledoyer, 1982b [694B] (Myers,
1988 removes to "Neomegamphopidae"); "species" Pirlot,
1934 [604B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, southern Africa
and ?Comoro region, 35-102.(?625) m, 4 species.
Lembos Bate
Figs 45L, 46G
Lembos Bate 1856: 58 (nomen nudum).-Bate, 1857d: 142.Stebbing, 1906: 594.-J.L. Barnard, 1969c: 154.-J.L.
Barnard, 1973b: 20.-Myers, 1979a: 221.
Lembopsis Pearse, 1912: 372 (Lembopsis spinicarpus
Pearse, 1912, original designation).
Type species. Lembos websteri
designation by Chevreux & Fage, 1925.
Bate,
1857d,
Diagnosis. Body. slightly depressed, laterally
compressed, smooth, normal, urosomites free, urosomite
1 ordinary. Rostrum short,ocular lobes short, blunt;
antennal sinus weak. Eyes small. Antennae long, 1
longer than 2, both slender; peduncular article 3 of
antenna 1 shorter than or equal to 1, article 2 longest,
accessory flagellum pluriarticulate.Antenna 2
208
Records of/the Australian Museum
~upplen[}ent
13 (Part 1)
or
sut)rOllnd.eo. entire or
very
than or
outer
with
mandibular lobes
with
seta, outer
2..articulate. Plates of maxilla 2
mediofacial row of setae. Inner
maxilliped with distal
outer
article 2, with
reaching apex of
margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2
article 3
unlobed, article 4 long, with short nail and setae, armed
with row of fine spines along inner margin.
Coxae small, relatively short, weakly contiguous, of
various sizes and shapes, coxa 1 dilated, produced
forward, coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa
5 nearly as long as 4, coxae 6-7 smaller than anterior
coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, often densely setose,
gnathopod 1 in male greatly larger than 2, subchelate,
rarely merochelate, article 5 large, various, but unlobed
and usually much shorter than article 6, palm
transverse to oblique, often sculptured, article 6 usually
very large, dactyl ordinary to very large. Gnathopod 2
subchelate, usually feeble, article 5 as long as or
longer than 6, unlobed, dactyl short.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 barely dilated, dactyls long to short.
Pereopods 3-7 similar to each other, progressively
longer, with almost linear article 2, pereopod 5 'much
shorter than pereopod 7, pereopods 6-7 with scarcely
expanded, unlobed, often setose article 2, dactyl of
pereopods" 5-7 short, curved. Sternal' processes of
thorax often present. Coxal gills present on segments 26. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 riot or occasionally
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2' biramous, normal, rami slightly
unequal, as long as peduncle, peduncle of uropod 1 with
moderate ventrodistal process, that of uropod 2 often
smaller or obsolescent. Uropod 3 moderately
extended, biramous, both rami short, obtuse or pointed
distally, peduncle slightly elongate, as long as rami,
rami subequal, outer ramus lacking or bearing vestigial
article 2, inner ramus as long as outer ramus, both
tapering and with few armaments mostly apical.
Telson entire, short, as broad as long or longer, ovate
or circular, pointed apically, with 2 hooked apical cusps
or groups of setae.
Female. Coxa 1 different from male, not dilated,
subrectangular. Gnathopods small, gnathopod 1 larger
than 2, normally to poorly subchelate, article 5 shorter
than 6, unlobed. Oostegites broad, present on segments
2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods., coxa 1.
Myers (1988) diagnosis. Article 3 of mandibular
palp with posterior margin distally concave, proximally
straight; left mandibular molar with complex plates,
and
but no
article.
rn~lrO'ln~ I
setae,
second
Variables. Generalities. Tooth at anteroventral
small or absent. Setation pattenlS
corner of head
on antennae 1-2 and on article 3 of mandibular
variable specifically. Shape and setation of coxa 1
variable in male, occasionally sharp and produced in
female. Gnathopods 1-2 in male highly variable at
specific level in shapes of articles 2, 5, 6, palmar slope
and sculpture, setosity patterns of articles 2, 3, 5, 6.
Dactylar length on pereopods 3-4 diverse. Setosity of
article 2 on pereopods 5-7, especially 7, highly
variable; also occasionally on epimera, especially
epimeron 2. Presence, size and length of inter-ramal
peduncular process on uropods 1-2 variable.
Arrangement, size and form of ventral processes on
sternum of thorax of specific value.
Specifics. Gnathopod 1 carpus cryptic, posterior
lobe enclosed between merus and propodus (e.g. L.
regius); carpus as long as propodus (e.g. L. tetracanthus);
carpus longer than propodus (L. conicurvae);
gnathopod 2 merochelate (L. regius).
Relationship. This genus and its sister genera
such as Autonoe, Bemlos, Meridiolembos, Pleisolembos
and Tethylembos are very close to Microdeutopus
because of several transitional species in each genus
but especially because several species of Lembos
have a weak carpochela and a weak propodus on
gnathopod 1. Xenocheira (see) is also involved in this
transformation.
See Arctolembos, Autonoe, Bemlos, Globoslembos,
Ledoyerella, Lemboides, Maragopsis, Meridiolembos,
Plesiolembos, Rudilemboides, Tethylembos and
Xenocheira.
Removals. See all genera mentioned just above;
L. chelatus Walker, 1904, to Varohios; L. leptocheirus
Walker, 1909b, to Xenocheira; L. longipalpus Kunkel,
1910, to Columbaora.
Species. See K.H. Bamard (1937, 1940), Griffiths
(1973, 1974a,b, 1975), Gurjanova (1951), Ledoyer (1967a,
1968, 1969b, 1974c), Moore.(1981, 1984c), Ortiz (1983),
Ruffo (1969), Schellenberg (1928, 1942), Stephensen
(1942);, VALID (per Myers, 1988}: L. hypacanthusK.H.
Bamard, 1916, 1932, 1940 (Schellenberg, 1925a) (Griffiths,
1974c) (Myers& Lyons, 1987) [743]; L. websteri Bate,
1857d (Sars, 1895) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925)
(Bousfield, 1973) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Myers, 1979b, 1982a)
(= L. bidentatus Stebbing, 1876a) [250 + 435]. Species of
Lembos not yet assigned to genera:' ?L. aoraformis
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Ledoyer, 1984 (Myers, in litt. = Aora typica) [586]; ?L.
barbatus Mateus & Mateus, 1966 [446]; ?L. bryopsis J.L.
Bamard, 1965a (Sivaprakasam, 1970g) [600]; ?L. clavatus
Hirayama, 1984a [not Lembos but female only] [395];
?L. conicurvae (Oliveira, 1955a) [751]; ?L. juegiensis
Dana, 1853 (Stebbing, 1914b) (Schellenberg, 1931) (K.H.
Barnard, 1932) [866]; ?L. hastatus Schellenberg, 1938a
[578]; ?L. kamanu J.L. Barnard, 1970a [381]; ?L. lobata
J.L. Barnard, 1962d [702A]; ?L. mayensis Ortiz, 1984b
[483]; ?L. podoceroides Walker, 1904 (Ruffo, 1959)
(Nayar, 1967) (Sivaprakasam, 1969a) [600]; ?L. processifer
(Pirlot, 1938) [530]; ?L. regius Myers, 1985b [585]; ?L.
spinimerus Ledoyer, 1984 [586]; ?L. tenuis (Dana,1852a,
1853) (?Pirlot, 1934) [649 + ?B]; ?L. tetracanthus
Schellenberg, 1925a [446]; ?L. tridens (Schellenberg,
1938a) (J.L. Bamard, 1965a) (Ledoyer, 1978b, 1979a,
1982b) (as Microdeutopus) [600]; ?L. tut Myers, 1985b
[573]; ?L. unifasciatus Myers, 1977c, 1981d, L. u. reductus
Myers, 1979b, 1981d [460]; ?L. viguieri Chevreux, 1911d
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Myers, 1974c, 1982a) [340];
?L. virgus Myers, 1985b, 1985c [576]; "species" J.L.
Barnard, 1970a [381]; "species" Ledoyer, 1984 [586];
"species" Ledoyer, 1984 [586]; "species" Myers, 1985a
[633]; "species" No. 1 J.L. Barnard, 1972b [850];
"species" No. 2 J.L. Barnard, 1972b [844]; "species" No.
3 J.L. Barnard, 1972b [845].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, the two
confirmed. species from amphi-Atlantic boreal and
southern Af~ca, unconfirmed species = cosmopolitan but
poorly represented in arctic-boreal, well developed in
tropics and austral, 0-4893· m, rarely below 360 m, 2
definite and 21 unconfirmed species.
Leptocheirus Zaddach
Figs 39G, 44K, 45C, 461
Leptocheirus Zaddach, 1844: 7.-Stebbing, 1906: 625.-J.L.
Barnard, 1969c: 154.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 20.-Lincoln,
1979a: 482.-Myers, 1982b: 129 (key).
Boeckia Maim, 1871: 543 (Boeckia typica Maim, 1871,
monotypy).
Ptilocheirus Stimpson, 1853: 55 (Ptilocheirus pinguis
Stimpson, 1853, monotypy).
Type species. Leptocheirus pilosus Zaddach, 1844,
original designation.
209
normal, palp strong, slender, article 3 semi-falcifonn or
weakly clavate, as long as 2. Labium with entire outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
short, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 ovate, large, with 1
apical seta, outer plate with [?6]-11 spines, palp
2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner plate
with mediofacial row of setae, outer slightly geniculate
in appearance. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal
setae only, outer plate normal, not reaching apex of
palp article 2, with setae only on medial margin,
palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, . article 3 unlobed,
article 4 medium to short, with medium nail, and/or only
setae.
Coxae long, strongly overlapping, of various sizes
and shapes, coxa 1 rarely reduced, coxae 2-4 similarly
elongate or shorter from 1 to 4 or coxa 1 very small in
contrast to enlarged coxae 2-4, in this case coxa 2 huge
and covering 1, dilated, coxae 3-4 rectangular, narrow,
coxa 4 lobed only dorsally, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4,
coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, of subequal size, small, densely
setose, filtrative, gnathopod 2 slightly larger than 1,
gnathopod 1 subchelate, article 5 unlobed, palm short,
article 2 very setose anteriorly, articles 3-5 very setose
posteriorly, article 3 slightly inflated. Gnathop04 2
slightly enlarged, simple, linear, with articles 2,5,6 very
setose, filtrative, with article 5 elongate, much longer
than 6, unlobed, article 6 not dilated, more slender than
article 5, dactyl short.
Pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopods, similar, with
slender article 2, article 4 scarcely dilated, dactyls
medium. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other,
progressively longer, with broad, unlobed, heavily
setose article 2, pereopod 5 much shorter than
pereopod 7, dactyls short. Sternal processes of thorax
absent. Coxal gills slender to medium, present· on
segments 2-6. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 not
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, stout, rami
slightly unequal, as long as peduncle, peduncle of
uropods 1-2 with ventrodistal process, that of uropod 2
occasionally smaller or obsolescent. Uropod 3 very
short, biramous, both rami short, subequal or inner
ramus strongly shortened, obtuse and weakly setose
distally, peduncle shorter than rami, very short; rami of
uropods 1-3 with very stout spines. Telson entire, short,
broader than long, ovate or pentagonal, sometimes
almost pointed apically, with 2 apicolateral spines or
setal groups.
Female. Oostegites narrow, present on segments 2Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, occasionally toothed,
urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes short,
pointed or blunt; antennal sinus .moderate. Eyes small.
Antennae of nearly subequal, 1 scarcely longer than 2,
both slender, peduncular .article 3 of antenna 1 shorter
than 1, article 1 or 3 longest, accessory flagellum 6articulate.·;> Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short,
flagellum 9+articulate. Epistome unproduced anteriorly.
Labrum subrectangular, weakly incised. Mandible
5.
Sexual dimorphism. None.
Variables. Accessory flagellum scale-like (L.
rhizophorae); taxa based on setal pattern of
gnathopods 1-2, shape and setation o( coxae, especially
coxa 1 (reduced in type species); dactyl of
maxillipedal palp stubby, not unguiform (L.
rhizophorae); coxa· 1 tiny and hidden by giant. coxa
210
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
2 (type), of moderate size and partly hidden by giant
coxa 2
rhizophorae), of normal amphipod form
(e.g. L. plumulosus); anterior lobe of coxa 5 narrow or
broad; gnathopod 2 lacking filtrative setae on article 2,
other long setae sparse (L. longimanus); gnathopod 1
carpochelate and propodochelate (L. mariae); article 2
of pereopods 5-7 lobate and lacking major setae (L.
dufresni); epimeron 3 with tooth (L. aberrans); toothing
of urosomites significant (e.g. L. guttatus); setation pattern
of urosomite 1 variable; uropod 2 very robust and
spinose (L. hirsutimanus); spur of uropod 2 present or
absent; uropods 1-2 with long setae (versus spines) on
rami (L. aberrans); rami of uropod 3 elongate or not,
with facial spines or not, inner ramus shortened (L.
guttatus), peduncle with apicodorsal row of spines or
not.
Relationship. Characterised by the usually
filtrative setose condition of article 2 on gnathopods 12 plus the dense setae elsewhere externally; apices
of inner plates on maxilliped bearing only setae.
Differing from Cheirimedeia, Gammaropsis and
Protomedeia in the poorly setose inner plate of
maxilla 1 and the simple gnathopod 2 with heavily
setose article 2.
See Anonychocheirus, Chevalia, Goesia and key
with Haplocheirus.
Removal. Leptocheirus aberrans Ohlin, 1895 to
Goesia.
Species. Leptocheirus bispinosus Norman, 1908
(Sexton, 1911a) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Myers, 1982b)
[330]; L. dufresni Ledoyer, 1982b [725wM]; L. guttatus
(Grube, 1864b, 1866) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Myers,
1982b) [340]; L. hirsutimanus (Bate, 1862) (Bate &
Westwood, 1863) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Sexton,
1911a) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Myers, 1982b) (= L. massiliensis
Catta, 1875) (= L. pilosus identification of Sars, 1895)
(= L. typica MaIm, 1871) [352]; L."longimanus Ledoyer,
1973c (Myers, 1982b) [340]; L. mariae Karaman, 1973b
(?Ledoyer, 1977) (Myers, 1982b) [340]; L. pectinatus
(Norman, 1869) (Myers, 1982b) (Lincoln, 1979a) (= L.
fasciata Costa, 1864) (= L. dellavallei Stebbing, 1899c)
[352]; L. pilosus Zaddach, 1844 (Chevreux & Fage,
1925) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Myers, 1982b) (= L. cornuaurei
Sowinsky, 1897) (= L. subsalsus Norman, 1908) [352 + E];
L. pinguis (Stimpsolt, 1853) (= L. pinguis Bate, 1862, junior
homonym) (Norman, 1908) (Kunkel, 1918) (Bousfield,
1973) (= L.fimbriata Bate, 1862) [361 + B]; L. plumulosus
Shoemaker, 1932a (Bousfield, 1973) (Dickinson et al.,
1980) [364]; L. rhizophorae Ortiz & Lalana, 1980, 1981
(Rueda, Ortiz & Gomez, 1980) [483]; L. tricristatus
(Chevreux, 1886, 1887c) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925)
(Lincoln, 1979a) [240}.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, mostly Atlantic
Ocean, dominantly Mediterranean, Kara Sea to
Senegal and western Indian Ocean, western Atlantic
from Labrador to Cuba, often brackish water, 0-250
(725) m, mostly very shallow, 12 species.
Liocuna Myers
Liocuna Myers, 1981d: 54.
Type species. Liocuna caeca Myers, 1981d, original
designation.
Diagnosis. Female. Body cylindrical, slightly
depressed, smooth, urosomites free, 1 ordinary, 3
hidden by telson. Rostrum short, thorn-like, ocular
lobes short, pointed, antennal sinus weak. Eyes absent.
Antennae [mostly missing, 1 slightly longer than 2, 1
slender, antenna 2 slightly stout in male]; peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 slightly shorter than 1, with
distoventral tooth, article 2 longest, accessory flagellum
pluriarticulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
elongate, [remainder missing, ?peduncle stout in male,
presumably not sculptured, but articles 4-5 ?often
tapering strongly distad, rarely sculptured, article 4
dominant, flagellum short. Epistome [?unproduced
anteriorly]. Labrum [?subrounded, barely incised].
Mandible normal, palp strong, slender, article 3
rectolinear, shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular
lobes long, weakly obtuse. Inner plate of maxilla 1
ovate, with 2 apical setae, outer plate with ?9-10 spines,
palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner
plate with only mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of
maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate short, reaching
halfway to apex of palp article 2, with spines on
medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 moderate, with long nail and
setae.
Coxae very small, short, discontiguous, of various
sizes and shapes, progressively shorter from 1 to 4,
coxa 1 spiniform or angular, produced forward, coxa 2
short, trapezoidal, coxa 4 much shorter than coxa 1, not
lobed, coxa 5 longer than 4, coxa 7 much smaller than
anterior coxae~ Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, of subequal size,
small, not densely setose, gnathopod 1 slightly larger
than 2, subchelate, palm oblique, article 2 not dilated,
article 5 long, thick, slightly shorter than 6, unlobed,
dactyl ordinary. Gnathopod 2 simple, feeble, with article
2 not dilated, article 5 longer than 6, unlobed, article 6
more slender than article 5, dactyl short.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 not dilated, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7 similar
to each other, progressively longer, with linear
unlobed article 2, pereopod 5 much shorter than
pereopod 7, with broader article 2, dactyl of pereopods
5-7 short,curved, without accessory spine on outer
margin. Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal
gills [?present on segments 2-6]. Pleopods [undescribed].
Epimeron 3 bisinuate, with strong tooth. Uropods 1-2
biramous, stout, rami slightly unequal, shorter than
peduncle, peduncles without ventrodistal process.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Uropod 3 forming small, poorly setose rectangle lacking
rami. Telson large, entire, as broad as long, ovate, with
2 apical setae.
Oostegites [?broad, present on segments 2-5].
Male. Unknown.
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Relationship. Differing from Pterunciola in
having article 2 of the mandibular palp longest,
pereopods 3-4 with the propodus longer than the
carpus and a large tooth on epimeron 3. From
Pseudunciola in the biramous uropod 2, non-Unciolalike peduncle of uropod 3 and the nonreduced carpus
of gnathopod 1. From Rildardanus in the unsculptured
antennae. From Pedicorophium in the loss of ramus on
uropod 3 and the normal inner rami of uropods 1-2.
From Unciola in the loss of ramus on uropod 3, and
the unexpanded peduncle. From Ritaumius in the
normal articles 4-6 of pereopods 3-4 and the
3+articulate accessory flagellum.
See Uncinotarsus.
Species. Liocuna caeca Myers, 1981d [476].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, west Florida, 3973 m, 1 species.
Maragopsis Myers
Maragopsis Myers, 1973c: 266.
Type species. Lemboides bidentata Ledoyer, 1972,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, slender,
smooth, normal; urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary.
Rostrum short, ocular lobes moderate, produced
forward, pointed; antennal sinus deep; head not as long
as pereonites 1-2 together. Eyes moderate. Antennae
short, both slender, 1 longer than 2; peduncular article
3 of antenna 1 as long as 1, article 2 longest, accessory
flagellum 8 to 9-articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article
3 scarcely elongate, flagellum long and ordinary.
Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded,
incised. Mandible normal, palp strong, article 3 clavate,
shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes,
mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1
ovate, with 6 medial setae, outer plate with 9 spines,
palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner
plate with mediofaciai row of setae. Inner plate of
maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate short,
reaching two thirds to apex of palp article 2, with
spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2
long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 long, with medium
211
of various sizes and- shapes, not progressively
elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1 dilated, very wide,
produced forward, coxa 2 narrower, coxa 4 not longer
than coxa 1, scarcely lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4;
coxa 7 smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2
diverse; gnathopod 1 greatly larger than 2, article 2
dilated, in male poorly subchelate, indistinctly
carpochelate, not merochelate, article 5 long, stout,
scarcely lobed, article 6 very small, palm short and
oblique. Gnathopod 2 weakly subchelate, feeble,
article 2 not dilated, article 5 longer than 6, not
lobed, article 6 not more slender than article 5, dactyl
long.
Pereopods 3-4 generally normal, similar, with dilated
article 2 on pereopod 4, article 4 barely dilated, dactyls
short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other,
progressively longer, with weakly expanded article 2,
pereopod 5 much shorter than 7, with lobed article 2;
pereopods 6-7 with basally broader almost or distinctly
lobed article 2, pereopods5-7 with short, curved dactyl.
Sternal processes of thorax' [undescribed]. Coxal gills
[undescribed]. Pleopods [undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, rami slightly unequal
(outer shorter), equal to peduncle; peduncle of uropod
1 with moderate, of uropod 2 with obsolescent
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 of moderate length,
biramous, rami of medium length, tapering, obtuse, with
few armaments mostly apical, peduncle shorter than
rami and itself not elongate, outer ramus with vestigial
article 2, shorter than inner ramus. Telson entire, short,
broader than long, pentagonal, weakly pointed
apically, with 2 apicolateral spines on each side.
Female. Coxae different from male, 1 much
narrower. Gnathopods small, gnathopod 1 scarcely
larger than 2, poorly subchelate, article 5 shorter (1) or
longer (2) than 6, unlobed. Oostegites [?moderately
narrow, present on segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Coxae, gnathopods.
Variables. Palm of male gnathopod 1 well defined
(type), lacking definition (M. obliquimana).
Relationship. Differing from Konatopus in the lack
of definite carpochela and large propodus on
gnathopod 1 and the well developed accessory
flagellum (8-9 versus 1.25). Ledoyer's (1982b)
statements that Konatopus lacks a peduncular tooth on
uropod 1 or that article 2 of gnathopod 2 is not dilated
are erroneous. From Rudilemboides in the long article
3 of antenna 1 and the clavate (versus rectolinear)
article 3 of the mandibular palp. From Neomegamphopus
in the subchelate gnathopod 2. and long (versus 2articulate) accessory flagellum. From Aorcho in the
weakly carpochelate gnathopod 1 and clavate (versus
rectolinear) article 3 of the mandibular palp.
See Acuminodeutopus.
nail.
Coxae small, relatively short, weakly overlapping,
Species. Maragopsis bidentata (Ledoyer, 1972, 1982b)
212
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
[745]; ?M. obliquimana Ledoyer, 1982b [694].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Madagascar, 032 m, 2 species.
Meridiolembos Myers
Meridiolembos Myers, 1988: 189.
Type species. Lembos hippocrenes Myers, 1981 c,
original designation.
, Myers (1988) diagnosis. Article 3 of mandibular
palp [?with posterior margin distally concave,
proximally straight, not described]; left mandibular
molar with complex plates, primary plate asymmetric,
rounded, secondary, tertiary and quaternary plates of
similar shape; anterior margin of maxilliped [?with
wing-like flanges, not described]; malegnathopod 1
variable; uropod 3 peduncle short, rami variable, outer
ramus with or without small second article, with long
distal setae.
Relationship. Compare with Lembos and all genera
of the Myers (1988) diagnosis.
Species. Meridiolembos acherontis Myers, 1981c
[840]; M. hippocrenes Myers, 1981c [776]; M. pertinax
Myers, 1981c (M. kergueleni identification of Chilton,
1909b) [840].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, New Zealand and
satellites, 3-70 m, 3 species.
Microdeutopus Costa
Figs 40C, 45M
Microdeutopus Costa, 1853: 17.-Costa, 1857: 230.Stebbing, 1906: 588.-J.L. Barnard, 1969c: 154.-J.L.
Bamard, 1973b: 20.-Myers, 1969a: 96 (key).-Lincoln,
1979a: 474.
Stimpsonia Bate, 1862: 162..-;.Bate & Westwood, 1863: 284
(Stimpsonia chelifera Bate, 1862, monotypy).
Microdeuteropus Bate & Westwood, 1863: 287 (more
properly written from Microdeutopus, no type species).
Stimpsonella Della VaUe, 1893: 421 (new name for
Stimpsonia) (Microdeutopus armatus Chevreux, J 887b,
present selection).
Coremapus Norman, 1905: 78 (Coremapus (Microdeutopus)
versiculatus Bate, 1862, monotypy,_ no description,
selected by Chevtellx & Fage, 1925).
Type species. Microdeutopus gryllotalpa Costa, 1853,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Bodysubcylindrical, slightly depressed,
laterally compressed, smooth, urosomites
urosomite
1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes short, blunt;
antennal sinus weak to moderate. Eyes medium to small.
Antennae long, 1 longer than 2, both slender,
pe~C1UllCUllar article 3 of antenna 1 much shorter than 1,
article 2 longest, accessory flagellum 2 to 3-articulate.
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 scarcely elongate.
Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded,
entire or weakly incised. Mandible normal, palp strong
slender, article 3 falciform, as long as or longer than 2.
Labium with entire outer lobes, with well-developed
inner lobes, mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate
of maxilla 1 triangular, with 1 apical seta, oilter plate
with 7+ spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2
ordinary, inner plate with mediofacial row of setae.
Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate
normal, reaching apex of palp article 2, with spines on
medial margin, palp' with 4 articles, article 2 long,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 long, with short nail and
setae.
Coxae small, relatively short, weakly contiguous, of
various sizes and shapes, not progressively elongate
from 1 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, produced forward,
occasionally longer than 1, coxa 4 not longer than coxa
1, not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 smaller than
anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, almost simple,
both with linear articles, occasionally densely setose,
gnathopod 1 greatly larger than 2, in male poorly
subchelate or simple, carpochelate, article 2 dilated or
not, article 5 long, large, linear, lobed, palm if indicated,
short and transverse, article 6 much shorter and
narrower than 5, dactyl long. Gnathopod 2 feeble,
linear, with article 2 dilated or not, article 4 occasionally
enlarged, inflated, incipiently merochelate, extended
and fused distally along posterior margin of article 5,
and occasionally heavily setose, article 5 as long as or
longer than 6, unlobed, article 6 more slender than 5,
dactyl short.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 scarcely dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, progressively longer, with
sublinear or weakly expanded article 2, pereopod 5
much shorter than pereopod 7, dactyl of pereopods 57 short to long, curved. Sternal processes of thorax
present. Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods
[undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2
biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal,. longer than
peduncle, peduncle of uropod l' with moderate
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 of medium size,
biramous, both rami of medium length, obtuse distally,
peduncle elongate, often as long as rami, outer ramus
often with vestigial article 2, inner ramus almost as long
as outer ramus, apically setose, narrow, tapering and
with few armaments mostly apical, or with many
marginal and surficial spines. Telson entire, short, as
broad as long or longer, ovate, with 2 hooked apical
cusps or setal group.
Female. Coxae different from male, usually coxa 1
.shorter and less produced. Gnathopods small, 1
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
larger than 2, normally subchelate, article 5 longer than
or equal to 6, unlobed.
moderately broad,
present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism.
Gnathopods, coxae.
Myers (1988) diagnosis. Article 3 of mandibular
palp with posterior margin distally concave, proximally
straight; left mandibular molar with complex plates,
primary plate triangular, the margins straight or weakly
convex, secondary, tertiary and quaternary plates of
similar shape; anterior margin of maxilliped with or
without wing-like flanges; male gnathopod 1
carpochelate, carpus much larger than propodus;
uropod 3 peduncle elongate, not markedly
expanded, rami relatively short, with marginal spines,
but no marginal setae, outer ramus with small second
article.
Variables. Peduncle of antenna 2 stout, flagellum
thick and short, about 2 to 4-articulate (M. apopo,M.
haswelli); mandibular palp article 3 longer than 2 (M.
apopo); ,basal articles of maxilliped with lateral alae (M.
anomalus); coxa 1 especially variable in shape, forward
extension and setation; coxa 1 very large, male
gnathopod 1 carpus also with fully medial thumb (M.
thumbelinus); article 2 of gnathopod 1 crenulate or not,
expanded or not; gnathopod 1 with multiple
carpochelae (type), most species with single carpochela
or 2 weak teeth, position and size of tooth important,
article 6 often sculptured on posterior margin, anterior
margin of carpus with tooth (M. myersi), dactylar size
variable; male gnathopod 2 thickened and palm almost
chelate (e.g. M. armatus, M. chelifer), article 4 enlarged,
heavily setose (M. gryllotalpa); setosity patterns of
gnathopods; sternal tooth patterns; rami of uropod 3 not
longer than peduncle (M. armatus).
Relationship. Characterised by the carpochelate
gnathopod 1 but recessment of head weak.
Differing from Neomegamphopus and allies in the
short article 3 of antenna 1.
See Acuminodeutopus, Hansensella, Lemboides,
Lembos, Rudilemboides, Xenocheira, Zoedeutopus and
all genera of the Myers (1988) diagnosis.
Removals. Microdeutopus kraemmeri Reid, 1951, to
Globoslembos; M. tridens Schellenberg, 1938a, to Lembos.
Species. See Cecchini-Parenzan (1935), Chevreux &
Fage (1925), Gurjanova (1951), Krapp-Schickel (1969b),
Miloslawskawa (1931, 1939), Mordhukhai-Boltovskoi
(1969), Myers '. (1969a, "1971, '. 1983b - polyphy~y),
Schellenberg (1942); M. algicola Della Valle, 1893 (Myers,
1969a, 1982b) [340 + ?334]; M. anomalus (Rathke, 1843)
(Sars, 1895) (Bousfield, 1973) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Myers,
1982b) (= M. cambriensis Bate, 1856, 1857d) (= M. titii
Beller, 1867, possibly valid, see Myers, 1969a: 139) [250
+ 339]; M. apopo I.L. Barnard, 1972b [773]; M. armatus
213
Chevreux, 1886, 1887b (Chevreux & Fage, 1925)
(Myers, 1969a, 1982b) [352]; M. bifidus Myers, 1977b,
1982b [348]; M. chelifer Bate, 1862 (Chevreux & Fage,
1925) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Myers, 1982b) [352]; M.
damnoniensis (Bate, 1856, nomen nudum; 1857d)
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Myers, 1969a) (Kamenskaya
et al., 1977) (Lincoln, 1979a) [352]; M. gryllotalpa Costa,
1853; 1857 (Sars, 1895) (Bousfield, 1973) (Lincoln, 1979a)
(Myers, 1982b)
M. grandimana Bruzelius, 1859)
M.
minax Smith, 1873) (Della Valle, 1893)
M. bidens
Sowinsky, 1880) (= M. salenskii of Carus, 1885) [352]; M.
haswelli Stebbing, 1899 (Myers, 1969a) (= M. chelifer
Haswell, 1879b, homonym) [781]; M. obtusatus Myers,
1973a, 1982b [340]; M. propinquus Sars, 1895 (? = M.
anomalus) (Stebbing, 1906) (Stephensen, 1929a) (Oldevig,
1959) (= M. danmoniensis sic of Sars, 1895) [238 + 237];
M. similis Myers, 1977b, 1982b [346]; M. sporadhi
Myers, 1969a, 1982b [340]; M. stationis Della Valle, 1893
(Lincoln, 1979a) (Myers, 1982b) [352]; ?M. thumbellinus
Griffiths, 1974b (Myers, 1988 removes to
"Neomegamphopidae") [743]; M. versiculatus Bate,
1857d, 1862 (Myers, 1969a, 1982b) (Lincoln, 1979a) [3521;
"species" Myers, 1969a [478].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan,
mostly tropical, north to Norway, south to South
Africa, 0-146 m, 16 species.
[Ischyroceridae] Microjassa Stebbing
Fig.47E
Microjassa Stebbing, 1899b: 240.-Stebbing, 1906>--651.IL. Barnard, 1969c: 278.-J.L. Barnard, 1973b: 26.-KrappSchickel & Schiecke, 1975: 40 I.-Lincoln, 1979a: 564.
Type species. Podocerus cumbrensis Stebbing &
Robertson, 1891, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, pointed, antennal sinus deep.
Eyes ordinary. Antennae of medium leng~h, subequal,
both slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 longer
than 1, article 2 longest, accessory flagellum 2 to 3articulate, main flagellar articles very few. Antenna 2
peduncular article 3 scarcely elongate, flagellum short,
with few articles. Epistome [?unproduced anteriorly].
Labrum [?sllbrounded,entire]. Mandible normal, palp
strong, article 3 clavate, shoJ1:er than 2. Labium with
entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes,
mandibular • lobes , lo~g, blunt., Inner plate of maxilla 1
vestigial, without setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate
without medial setae'. Inner plate of maxilliped with one
distal spine, outer plate normal, not reaching apex of
palp article 2, with sparse spines only on medial
margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 _long, article 3
214
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
unlobed, article 4 long, with long nail and setae.
Coxae long, strongly overlapping, of various sizes and
shapes, evenly extended from 2 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated,
not produced forward, very small in contrast to
enlarged coxae 2-4, coxa 2 larger than 1, often
produced or dilated, coxa 4 longer than coxa 1, lobed
and excavate, coxae 5-7 much smaller than anterior
coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse; gnathopod 2 greatly
larger than 1 gnathopod 1 in male subchelate, article 5
lobed, short, shorter than 6, article 6 moderately large.
Gnathopod 2 enlarged, subchelate, occasionally
weakly carpochelate in male, with article 2 not dilated,
article 4 slightly enlarged, extended and often fused
distally along posterior margin of article 5, article 5
absent or short, cryptic, unlobed, article 6 dilated, with
large chela or thumb on posteroproximalmargin,
dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slightly inflated
article 2, article 4 dilated, dactyls medium. Pereopods 57 similar to each other, progressively longer,
pereopods 5-6 slightly shorter than pereopods 6-7,
pereopods 5-7 with broad, weakly lobed article 2, dactyl
of pereopods 5-7 short to long, curved. Sternal
processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills [undescribed,
present on segments 2-6]. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3
not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami
slightly unequal, longer (2) than or as long as (1)
peduncle, peduncle without ventrodistal process.
Uropod 3 of ordinary length, biramous, both rami very
short, outer ramus recurved apically, with apicolateral
teeth or hooks, inner ramus as long as outer ramus,
narrow, tapering and with few armaments mostly apical;
peduncle longer than rami. Telson entire, as broad as
long, pentagonal, pointed apically, with 2 apicolateral
setae.
Female. Gnathopods small, alike, normally subchelate,
article 5 shorter than 6, lobed. Oostegites moderately
broad, present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods.
Variables. Antenna 2 in male long and stout, antenna
1 short and slender, article 1 of primary flagellum
elongate (M. macrocoxa); inner ramus of uropod 3
shortened (M. macrocoxa).
Relationship. Differing from' Jassa and Parajassa in
the very short coxa 5, being scarcely longer than coxa
6, with coxa 4 sufficiently lobed and exc.avate to
receive the shortened coxa 5; and outer plate of
maxilliped poorly armed medially. Differing also from
Jassa and Parajassa in the smallness offemale gnathopod
2. From IschyrQC'erus in the presence of a thumb .. on
male gnathopod 2. From Parajassa in the presence of a
distinct non-scale-like accessory flagellum.
Like other ischyrocerids, with considerable
resemblance to Cheiriphotis, Photis, Posophotis and allies,
but differing in the presence of .a thumb on male
gnathopod 2 and the" reduced coxae 1 and 5 and
definitely hooked outer ramus of uropod 3.
Removals. Microjassa chinipa J.L. Bamard, 1979b,
and M. claustris J.L. Bamard, 1969a, to Ischyrocerus.
Species. M. cumbrensis (Stebbing & Robertson,
1891) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Krapp-Schickel &
Schiecke, 1975) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Hirayama, 1985b) (=M.
falcatiformis Sowinsky, 1897) (= M. constantinopolitanus
Sowinsky, 1897) [352 + 395]; M. macrocoxa Shoemaker,
1942 (J.L. Bamard, 1964e, 1979b) [376].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, north-eastern
Atlantic, north-eastern Pacific, Japan, 0-157 m, 2
species.
Microphotis Ruffo
Microphotis Ruffo, 1952: 35.-J.L. Bamard, 1969c: 273.J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 20.
Type species. Microphotis blachei Ruffo,
monotypy.
1952,
Diagnosis. Like Photis but main flagellar articles of
antennae 1-2 very few; coxae short, coxa 1 dilated,
produced forward; article 5 of gnathopod 2 poorly
lobed; article 6 of pereopods 3-4 with only 2 locking
setae on posterior margin, no other armaments; dactyl of
pereopods 5-7 geniculate but dactyl of pereopod 5
lacking tooth; peduncle of uropod 1 with ventrodistal
process; uropod 3 small, uniramous, single. ramus shorter
than peduncle, I-articulate, peduncle also short.
Relationship. Differing from Photis in the short, 1articulate. ramus of uropod 3, lack of inner ramus (but
some species of Photis also lack this ramus), lack of outer
tooth on dacty1 of pereopod 5, presence of·· a spur on
the peduncle of uropod 1 and the anterior expansion of
coxa 1 in the male.
See Cheiriphotis and Dercothoe.
Species. Microphotis blachei Ruffo, 1952 [655E].
Habitat and distribution. Freshwater, but marine
derived, lower Mekong River, 1 species.
Microprotopus Norman
Figs 41E, 42C, 450
Microprotopus Norman, 1867b: 203.-Stebbing, 1906: 604.J.L. Barnard, 1969c: 274.-J.L. Barnard, 1973b: 20.Lincoln, 1979a: 512.
Orthopalame Hoek, 1879: 123 (Orthopalame terschellingi
Hoek, 1879, monotypy).
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Type species.
1867b, monotypy.
maculatus Norman,
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, urosomites
free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes
short, pointed or blunt, antennal sinus moderate. Eyes
small. Antennae of medium length, subequal, 1 slender,
antenna 2 slightly stout in male; peduncular article 3 of
antenna 1 shorter than 1, articles 1-2 longest, accessory
flagellum 2+articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
short, peduncle slightly stout in male. Epistome
unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, incised.
Mandible normal, palp strong, slender, article 3 clavate,
shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes, with
well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes short,
blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, large, with a row
of medial setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp
2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate
with mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped
with distal spines, outer plate normal, almost reaching
apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial margin,
palpwith 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3 lobed, article
4 short, with medium nail.
Coxae long, weakly contiguous, uniform,
progressively but slightly elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1
not dilated, not produced forward, coxa 2 slightly
wider than 1, coxa 4 slightly longer than coxa 1, not
lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much
smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse,
gnathopod 2 greatly larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male
subchelate, palm short, oblique,gnathopod 2 subchelate,
article 5 longer than 6, unlobed. Gnathopod 2 enlarged,
weakly subchelate, with article 2 not dilated, articles 4
and 5 in both sexes very strongly setose medially, article
5 very short, lobed, article 6 dilated, sometimes with
false chela or process on posteroproximal margin, dactyl
long.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slightly inflated
article 2, article 4 dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, progressively but slightly longer,
pereopod 5 shorter than pereopods 6-7, pereopods 5-7
with broad lobed article 2, dactyl medium, curved.
Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills
[undescribed]. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3bisinuate or
notched. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly
unequal or equal, shorter than peduncle, peduncle of
uropods 1-2 without ventrodistal process. Uropod 3
small, short, uniramous, single ramus long, I-articulate,
tapering and with few armaments mostly apical, obtuse
distally, peduncle shorter than ramus but not very
short, not dilated medially. Telson entire, short,
broader than long, pentagonal, with 2 hooked apical
cusps.
Female. Coxa 2 narrower than in male. Gnathopods
small, gnathopod 2 larger than 1, normally subchelate;
article 5 of gnathopod 2 shorter than 6, strongly
lobed. Oostegites narrow, present on segments. 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopod 2.
215
Variables. Articles 4-5 of male antenna 2 stout (M.
spines on uropods 1-3 very stout (M.
uropod 1 with peduncular spur (M.
bicuspidatus); ramus of uropod 3 shorter than peduncle
(M.
blC~tSDl(1atu~s)
Relationship. Like Gammaropsis and Photis but
inner ramus of uropod 3 absent and article 3 of antenna
1 shorter than article 1; also from Gammaropsis in the
longer coxae.
See Cheiriphotis.
Species. See Chevreux & Fage (1925),Gurjanova
(1951), Miloslawskawa (1931, 1939), MordhukhaiBoltovskoi (1969); M. bicuspidatus Rabindranath, 1971b
(Ledoyer, 1979b) [640 + 670]; M. longimanus Chevreux,
1886, 1887b (Myers, 1976a) (Lincoln, 1979a) (=M. minutus
Sowinsky, 1894) [240 + ?334]; M. maculatus Norman, 1867b
(Sars, 1895) (Nayar, 1959) (Myers, 1976a) (Lincoln, 1979a)
(= M. terschellingi Hoek, 1879) [352]; M. raneyi Wigley,
1966 (Lowry, 1972) (Bousfield, 1973) [361]; M. shoemakeri
Lowry, 1972 (Thomas, 1976) [362]; "species" Myers 1976a
[348].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, North Atlantic,
Mediterranean, Black Sea, Gulf of Mexico; 1 species in
Indo-Pacific; 0-24 m, 5 species.
Neohela Smith
Figs 39D, 42J, 44F, 45T
Hela Boeck, 1861: 668 (homonym, Decapoda).
Neohela Smith, 1881b: 418 (new name, same type species).J.L. Bamard, 1969c: 194; 1973b: 21.
Helella Sars, 1883: 31 (same species listed but no
description).
Type species.
monotypy.
H ela
monstrosa
Boeck,
1861,
Diagnosis. Body cylindrical, depressed, provided
with humps, urosomites 1-2 free, 1 slightly elongated, 3
coalesced with telson. Rostrum short, ocular lobes short,
pointed, antennal sinus weak to moderate., Eyes absent.
Antennae hugely elongate, 1 shorter than 2, both
slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna as long as 1,
article 2 greatly longest, accessory flagellum
pluriarticulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 scarcely
elongate, flagellum greatly elongate. Epistome
unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, incised.
Mandible nOflllal, palp strong, very slencler, article 3
rectolinear or tapering, scarcely shorter·· than 2. Labium
with entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner
lobes, mandibular lobes short, blunt. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 linguiform, with 1. facial seta and 3 apical setae,
outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2-articulate. Inner plates
of maxilla 2 shortened, with,only mediomarginal setae.
216
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer
normal, not reaching apex of palp article 2, with
spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2
long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 very long, with
medium nail and setae. Coxae very small, short,
discontiguous, of various sizes and shapes,
progressively shorter from 2 to 4, spiniform, coxa 1 not
dilated, produced forward, coxa 2 larger than 1, coxa 4
not longer. than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 somewhat
longer than 4, coxae 6-7 not much smaller than
anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 alike, of subequal size,
medium, densely setose, gnathopod 1 scarcely larger
than 2, subchelate, article 5 unlobed, palm short
and subtransverse, article 5 of both gnathopods as
long as 6, article 6 large, palm sculptured in male,
dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopods, similar, very
elongate,with slender· article 2, article 4 not dilated,
dactyIs short. .Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other,
progressively .longer, with linear article 2, pereopod 5
much shorter than pereopod 7, dactyl of pereopod 5
short, of 6-7 elongate, curved. .Sternal processes of
thorax absent. Coxal gills moderately broad, present on
segments 2-6. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate.
Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal,
shorter (1) or as long (2) as peduncle, peduncle without
ventrodistal process, peduncular and ramal spines very
conspicuous. Uropod 3 small, uniramous, single ramus
long, pointed distally, peduncle shorter than ramus, not
dilated medially, I-articulate, narrow, tapering and with
few armaments. Telson entire, fused to urosomite 3,
longer than broad, triangular, blunt apically, poorly
armed.
Female. Gnathopod 1 slightly less developed than
in male; outer ramus of male uropod 1 with swelling(s),
weak or not present in female. Oostegites broad,
present on only segments 3, 4, and 5.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak. Gnathopod 1; outer
ramus of uropod 1.
Variables. Pereopods 3-4, but 4 especially, with
saber-iike dactyl (N. pacifica).
Relationship. Differing from Unciola and Unciolella
in the ovate or trapezoidal propodus of gnathopod 2,
the very slender antenna 2 with greatly elongate
flagellum, and the non-expanded peduncle of uropod 3.
From Unciolella and Parunciola in the angular coxae,
and additionally, from Parunciola, in the poorly (versus
greatly) setose inner plate of maxilla 1. From Janice in
the slender gnathopod 2, rectolinear article 3 of the
mandibular palp, and J-articulate (versus absent)
accessory flagellum.
See Camacho.
Species. Neohela intermedia Coyle & Mueller, 1981
[230 + 290]; N. maxima Stephensen, 1933b (Gurjanova,
1951) [253]~ N. monstrosa (Boeck, 1861) (Sars, 1895)
(Shoemaker, 1930a) Stephensen, 1940b,
(Dickinson et
1980) N.
Smith, 1881b) [200
+ BA]; N. pacifica Gurjanova, 1953 [284].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Arctic-boreal,
Pacific and Atlantic, 47-552 (?2288) m, 4 species.
Neomegamphopus Shoemaker
Fig.46B
Neomegamphopus Shoemaker, 1942: 35.-J.L. Barnard,
1969c: 91.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 21.
Type
species.
Ncomegamphopus
Shoemaker, 1942, original designation.
roosevelti
Diagnosis. Body almost cylindrical, slightly
depressed but laterally compressed, slender, smooth,
normal; urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes moderate, produced forward,
pointed; antennal sinus deep; head fully as long as
pereonites 1-2. Eyes moderate. Antennae of medium
extension, nearly subequal, 1 scarcely shorter than 2,
both slender; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 as long
as 1, article 2 longest, accessory flagellum 1.25articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 elongate,
flagellum with about 10 articles. Epistome [?unproduced
anteriorly]. Labrum [?subrounded, entire]. Mandible
normal, palp strong, stout, article 3 clavate, shorter than
2. Labium with entire outer. lobes, mandibular lobes
short, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1 small, with 2
medial setae, outer plate with 10 spines, palp
2-articulate. Outer plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner
plate with mediofacial row of setae. Inner· plate of
maxilliped with 3 distal spines, outer plate short, not
reaching three fourths to apex of palp article 2, with
spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2
long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 very short, with long
setae.
Coxae relatively short, overlapping, of various
shapes, progressively shorter from 1 to 4, coxa 1
weakly dilated, slightly produced forward, coxae 2-4
smaller, coxa 4 not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae
6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2
diverse, of subequal size, large, simple, both with linear
articles, densely setose; gnathopod 1 slightly larger
than 2, simple, carpochelate, article 5 long, lobed,
article 6 thin but almost as long as base of article 5,
dactyl normal. Gnathopod 2 simple, feeble, linear,
article 2 very setose, article 5 longer than 6, not
lobed, article 6 more slender than 5, dactyl moderate.
Pereopods 3-4 similar, with inflated article 2, article 4
barely .dilated, dactyIs short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to
each other, progressively longer, pereopod 5 much
shorter than 7; pereopod 7 with slightly broader almost
lobed article 2, pereopods 5-6 with moderately
broad, unlobedarticle 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
curved. Sternal processes of thorax
[undescribed]. Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods
[undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2
biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal, peduncle of
uropod 1 with large ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 of
medium length, biramous, rami short, narrow, tapering
and pointed distally, armaments few and mostly marginal,
peduncle shorter than rami, outer ramus with vestigial
article 2; inner ramus longer than outer ramus. Telson
entire, short, broader than long, pentagonal, with 2 tiny
apical cusps, 2 spines and 2 setal groups.
Female. Coxae different from male, shorter, coxa 1
not enlarged. Gnathopods small, alike, gnathopod 2
barely larger than 1, poorly subchelate or simple,
article 5 longer than or almost as long as 6, unlobed.
Oostegites [?moderately narrow, broad, present on only
segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Coxae, gnathopods.
Variables. Carpochela of terminal male gnathopod
1 long (type), short (N. kunduchii) , article 2 slightly
dilated (N. kunduchii); gnathopod 2 less extended and
articles 5-6 shorter (N. kunduchli).
Relationship. Differing from Microdeutopus in the
deep cephalic recessment of antenna 2, clavate article 3
of the mandibular palp, and medial (not apical) setae on
the inner plate of maxilla 1. Differing from
Amphideutopus in the simple male gnathopod 2 and
short rami of uropod 3.
See Acuminodeutopus, Amphideutopus, Konatopus,
Maragopsis, Pseudomegamphopus, Rudilemboides,
Varohios and Zoedeutopus.
Species. Neomegamphopus heardi Barnard &
Thomas, 1987 [541]; N. hiatus Barnard & Thomas, 1987
[470]; N. kunduchii Myers, 1973c [683]; N. pachiatus
Barnard & Thomas, 1987 [541]; N. roosevelti Shoemaker,
1942 (J.L. Barnard, 1969a) (Myers, 1968a,c) [370].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, tropical Pan..
America and east Africa, 0-49 m, 5 species.
Pagurisaea Moore
217
antenna 1 as long as 1, article 2
longest,
accessory flagellum 4 to 5-articulate. Antenna 2
peduncular article 3 short, flagellum short, with 5
articles. Epistome produced anteriorly. Labrum
subrounded, lobed. Mandible normal, palp strong, stout,
article 3 clavate, shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular
lobes long, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular,
without setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2-articulate.
Outer plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner narrow,
with only mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of
maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate normal, not
reaching two thirds to apex of palp article 2, with
spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2
long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 long, with short nail
and setae.
Coxae long, probably strongly overlapping, of similar
sizes and shapes, progressively elongate from 1 to 4,
coxa 1 not dilated, not produced forward, coxa 2
slightly larger than 1, coxa; 4 longer than coxa 1,not
lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than
anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, gnathopod 2
greatly larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male. weakly
subchelate, article 5 long, unlobed, as long as 6, dactyl
ordinary. Gnathopod 2 enlarged, transversely
subchelate, with article 2 not dilated, not setose, article
5 very short, scarcely lobed, article 6 .dilated, dactyl
thick, fitting palm.
Pereopods 3-4 similar, with slender article 2, article 4
dilated, dactyls short.Pereopods 5-7 similar to each
other, progressively longer,with expanded article 2, 3..
7 prehensile, pereopod 5 not shorter than 7, with
broader, well lobed article 2; pereopods 6.. 7 with
narrower, weakly lobed article 2, article 2 of pereopod
7 long and pointed, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,
curved, without accessory spine on outer margin.
Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills
slightly expanded, present on segm~nts [?2..6].
Pleopods [?normal]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods
1-2 biramous, stout, rami slightly unequal, shorter (1)
or longer (2) than peduncle, peduncle of uropods 1..2
with ventrodistal process, that of uropod 2 smaller.
Uropod 3 small,biramous, both rami slightly
elongated, obtuse distally, peduncle almost as long as
rami, slightly elongated, not dilated medially, outer
ramus with wirelike dorsolateral setae; inner ramus
much shorter than outer ramus, narrow, tapering, and
with few armaments mostly apical. Telson entire, short,
as broad as long, semicircular or pentagonal, with 2
rows of hooked apical spinules.
Pagurisaea Moore, 1983b: 47.
Type species.. Pagurisaea schembrii Moore, 1983b,
origiIlal desigpatioIl ·
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short,. ocular lobes short, blunt; antennal sinus deep. Eyes
moderate. Antennae of medium extension, nearly
subequal, both slender, peduncular article 3 of
Female. Gnathopods small, gnathopod 2 larger than
1, normally subchelate, article 5 shorter than 6, unlobed
(>11 1, ~e'lkly lob~d' on 2. ..lJr()pod 3 rami subeql1al.
Oostegites narrow, present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods.
Relationship~ Differing from Cheiriphotis in the
cylindrical uropod 3, prehensile pereopods, longer
218
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
article 3 of antenna 1 and lack of setae on the inner
plate of maxilla 1. From Protomedeia and Cheirimedeia
in the elongate article 3 of antenna 1, deep recessment
of antenna 2, and the dominant propodus of male
gnathopod 2. From Isaea in the slight to great
enfeeblement of
inner ramus on uropod 3, the
presence of silk glands on pereopods 3-4, and the
presence of tiny hooks on the telson. From
Gammaropsis and allies in the prehensile pereopods.
Species. Pagurisaea schembrii Moore, 1983b [7761].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, New Zealand, off
Otago Peninsula, 38 m, 1 species.
Paracorophium Stebbing
Fig.43A
Paracorophium Stebbing, 1899b: 241.-Stebbing, 1899d: 350.J.L. Barnard, 1969c: 194.-J.L. Barnard, 1973b: 21.Karaman, 1979d: 88.
Type species. Paracorophium excavatum Thomson,
1884, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical, slightly depressed,
smooth, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary.
Rostrum short, ocular lobes short, blunt, antennal sinus
moderate. Eyes small. Antennae of medium length, 1
longer than 2, 1 slender, antenna 2 stout; peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than ·1, article 1 longest,
accessory flagellum absent. Antenna 2 peduncular
article 3 short but enlarged, peduncle stout in male,
flagellum short. Epistome [?unproduced anteriorly].
Labrum slightly incised. Mandible normal, palp strong,
slender, article 1 elongate, article 3 rectolinear or
clavate, shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes,
with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
short, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 linguiform,
pubescent, without setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp
2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with
only mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped
with distal setae, outer plate normal, not reaching apex
of palp article 2, with thin spines or setae on medial
margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3
unlobed, article 4 short, with long spines and setae.
Coxae ordinary to long, strongly overlapping, not
progressively elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1 dilated,
produced forward, coxa 2 also short, coxa 4 not longer
than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4, coxae
6-7' much smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2
diverse, of subequal size, feeble or small, both with
linear articles, densely setose, gnathopod 2 greatly larger
than 1, gnathopod 1 in male subchelate, article 5 long,
sublinear, unlobed, palm short and subtransverse, article
6 slender, shorter than 5. Gnathopod 2 very setose,
enlarged, weakly.. parachelate, with article 2 not
dilated, article 4 enlarged, merochelate, extended
away from posterior margin of article 5, article 5
shorter than 6, more slender than 6, lobed, article 6
dilated, with double chela, dactyl medium, not
overlapping transverse palm.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 scarcely dilated, dactyIs long. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, progressively longer, pereopod 5
often prehensile, pereopods 5-6 much shorter than and
slightly different from pereopod 7, pereopods 5-7 with
broad unlobed article 2,pereopods 6-7 with different
dactyl, short, curved, dactyl of pereopod 5 almost
geniculate, without accessory spine on outer margin,
slight palm developed. Sternal processes of thorax
[undescribed]. Coxal gills [undescribed, present on
segments ?2-6]. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 not
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal to stout, rami
slightly unequal on 2, much shorter (1) or longer (2) than
peduncle, peduncle of uropod 1 with ventrodistal
process, spines of uropods 1-2 strong. Uropod 3 small,
very short, biramous, both rami very short, peduncle
longer than rami but very short and flat, occasionally
dilated medially, outer ramus obtuse distally, I-articulate
almost foliaceous, inner ramus much shorter than outer
ramus, apically setose, almost scale-like. Telson entire,
short, broader than long, pentagonal, pointed apically.
with 2 hooked apical cusps.
Female. Gnathopod 2 small, poorly subchelate,
almost simple, article 5 slender, longer than 6, unlobed,
merochela very large, propodus slender, tapering,
dactyl short but overlapping palm strongly. Oostegites
narrow, present on [?segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopod 2.
Variables. Article 4 of antenna 2 with distal lobe
(type); inner plate of maxilla 1 with 1 seta (P. chelatum);
outer plate of maxilla 1 with 7 spines (P." hartmannorum);
inner plate of maxilliped with stout spines (P.
hartmannorum); male gnathopod 2 fully chelate (P.
chelatum), doubly parachelate (type); pereopod 6 as long
as 5 (P. chelatum), longer than 5 (P. hartmannorum);
urosomites 1-2 coalesced (P. chelatum).
Relationship. Differing from Corophium in the
longer overlapping coxae, presence of 3 (versus 2)
normal articles on the mandibular palp, the normal
nonlunate, nonspined article 5 of pereopod 5, the
biramous uropod 3, shorter antenna 2, broader article 2
of pereopod 7, and the freely projecting merochela of
gnathopod 2.
See Chaetocorophium and Stenocorophium.
Species~ Paracorophium chelatum Karaman, 1979g
[594R]; P. chilensis Varela, 1983 [767]; P. excavatum
Thomson, 1884 (part of Chilton, 1920a) (Hurley, 1954e)
(Chapman & Lewis, 1976) (Karaman, 1979d) [770E]; P.
hartmannorum Andres, 1975b, 1979a (Karaman, 1979d)
(Gonzalez, 1986) [765E]; "species" Kangas & Geddes,
Bamard & Karaman: Marine
1984a [785].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, brackish and
freshwater, New Zealand, Chile, Palau, 4 species.
Paradryope Stebbing
Paradryope Stebbing, 1888: 1151.-Stebbing, 1906: 602.J.L. Bamard, 1969c: 155.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 26.
Type species. Paradryope orguion Stebbing, 1888,
monotypy.
Diagnosis.. Body cylindrical, laterally compressed,
smooth, normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary.
Rostrum short, ocular lobes short, pointed, antennal.
sinus deep. Eyes small. Antennae long, nearly subequal,
both _slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 longer
than 1, articles 2-3 IQngest, accessory flagellum
2-articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 elongate.
Epistome [?unproduced anteriorly. Labrum ?slightly
incised. ?broad ?fleshy, ?bilobed]. Mandible normal,
palp strong, article 3 almost rectolinear, shorter than 2.
Labium [?with entire outer lobes, with well-developed
inner lobes, mandibular lobes short long, pointed. blunt.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, short, vestigial, absent,
small large, with a row of medial setae, without 1 2 3 4
5 apical setae, outer plate with 6 7 9 11 spines, palp 1
to 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, narrow,
inner plate with mediofacial row of setae, with only
mediomarginal setae. Inner plate ofmaxilliped with distal
spines, outer plate -normal, very short, long, not reaching
exceeding apex of palp article 2, with spines, setae only
on medial margin, palp with 2 3 4 articles, article 2 long
short, article 3 unlobed, article 4 very long, short, with
long short medium lacking nail, and setae, armed with
row of fine spines along inner margin].
Coxae very small, relatively short, weakly contiguous,
not progressively elongate from 1 to 4, slightly angular,
coxa 1 not dilated, not produced forward, coxa 2 also
short, coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5
nearly as long as 4, coxae 6-7 not much smaller than
anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse; gnathopod 1
slightly larger than 2, gnathopod 1 subchelate, article 5
shorter than 6, unlobed, article 6 very large.
Gnathopod 2 subchelate, feeble, with article 2 not
dilated, article 5 as long as 6, unlobed, article 6 dilated,
dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 barely dilated, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, scarcely progressively longer,
with sublinear article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 CUrved,
medium. Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed].
Coxal gills [undescribed,"·· present on segments ?2-6].
Pleopods [undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate.
Uropods 1-2 biramo~s, rami strongly unequal, outer
much shorter than inner, latter shorter than -peduncle,
peduncle of uropods 1-2 with ventrodistal process.
Gammaridea~
Amphipoda
219
Uropod 3 small, short, biramous, both rami very short,
spinelike, with no armaments, outer recurved apically,
peduncle elongate, longer than rami. Telson entire,
longer than broad, pyriform, pointed apically, with 2
midlateral spines.
Female. Unknown. Gnathopods [?small, gnathopod 1
larger smaller than 2, normally poorly subchelate,
simple, article 5 shorter longer than almost as long as 6,
strongly weakly unlobed on both gnathopods 1 2.
Oostegites moderately narrow, broad, present on
segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Relationship. Differing from Aorcho in the much
shorter rami of uropod 3. From Bogenfelsia in the
very short rami of uropod 3 and the enlarged
gnathopod 1.
Species. Paradryope orguion Stebbing, 1888, 1906
[32bA].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, North Pacific,
east of Yokohama, 36°N 158°E, 4200 m, 1 species.
[Ischyroceridae] Parajassa Stebbing
Fig.47B
Janassa Boeck, 1871b: 249 (homonym, Pisces).
Parajassa Stebbing, 1899b: 240 (new name, same type
species).-Stebbing, 1906: 649.-J.L.Barnard, 1969c:
279.-J.L. Barnard, 1973: 26.-Lincoln, 1979a: 562.Ledoyer, 1979a: 96 (key).-Moore, 1985a: 234 (key).
Type species. Podocerus variegatus Leach, 1814b,
misidentified by Boeck, species in his hand (= J assa
pelagica Leach, 1814b).
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes moderate, produced forward, blunt,
antennal sinus deep. Eyes ordinary. Antennae of
medium length, 1 shorter than 2, both stout; peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 longer than 1, articles 2-3 longest,
accessory flagellum vestigial, scale-like; main flagellar
articles very few. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short,
peduncle especially stout in male, flagellum short.
Epistome produced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded,
entire. Mandible normal, palp strong, article 3 clavate,
shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes, with
well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes long,
almost pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, short,
without setae, outer plate with 7-8 spines, palp
2-articulate~ Outer plates of maxilliped with distal
spines, outer plate short, not reaching apex of palp
article 2, with
with 4
220
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
articles, article 2 long, article 3 almost lobed, article 4
medium, with long setae.
Coxae relatively short, weakly overlapping, of
various sizes and shapes, progressively elongate from 1
to 4, coxa 1 scarcely dilated, scarcely produced
forward, small in contrast to slightly enlarged coxae 34, coxa 2 also short, often produced or dilated, coxa 4
longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as
4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, gnathopod 2 greatly larger
than 1, gnathopod 1 in male subchelate, article 5 short,
shorter than 6, lobed. Gnathopod 2 enlarged,
subchelate, with article 2 dilated, only apically, with
article 4 extended distally along posterior margin of
article 5, article 5 very short, lobed, article 6 dilated,
with false chela and process on posteroproximal
margin, dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slightly inflated
article 2, article 4 dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, progressively longer, almost
prehensile, pereopod 5shorter than pereopods 6-7,
pereopod 7 with lobed article 2, pereopods 5-6 with
broad· unlobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,
curved, without accessory spine on outer margin.
Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills
present on segments 2-6. Pleopods normaL Epimeron 3
not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami
slightly unequal, shorter (1) or longer (2) than
peduncle, peduncle of uropod 1 with ventrodistal
process. Uropod 3 of ordinary length, biramous, both
rami very short, recurved apically, each with apical
spine, peduncle elongate, longer than rami. Telson
entire, as broad as long, pyriform, pointed apically, with
2 hooked apical cusps.
Female. Gnathopod 2 slightly and poorly
sculptured. Oostegites moderately narrow, present. on
segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak. Gnathopod 2.
Variables... Antennae 1-2 immensely setose in form
of bottle-brush (type only); antennae 1-2 slender (all
but type and P. georgiana); article 5 of gnathopod 1
often elongate (e.g. P. chikoa); palm of gnathopod 2
transverse and entire (female P. chikoa), otherwise
sculptured or not; anterior margin of article 2 on
pereopod 5 heavily setose or not; article 2 of pereopod
7 narrow (P. andromedae); peduncle of uropods 1-2
densely setose (P. angularis, P. spinipalma); outer ramus
of uropod. 2 modified in male (P. angularis);outer ramus
of uropod 3 with normal apical hooks (e.g. P.
bidentata); outer ramus of uropod 3 shortened and
laclting(;lflll'Tunellt (f. tristqnensis); oostegites brQacJ. (P.
andrornedae).·
.
.
See
close to
and
'-JIlI.AI-l""""lI.AI-'
very
Species. Parajassa andromedae Moore, 1985 [7761];
P. angularis Shoemaker, 1942 (I.L. Bamard, 1962a,
1970a) [376 + 381]; P. bidentata Ledoyer, 1979a, 1986
[698]; P. chikoa Griffiths, 1974c (Ledoyer, 1978b, 1979a,
1986) [690]; P. pelagica (Leach, 1814b) (Chevreux &
Fage, 1925) (Lincoln, 1979a) P. capillatus Rathke, 1843,
Sars, 1895) [355]; P. spinipalma Ledoyer, 1979a, 1986; P.
s. longicephalus Ledoyer, 1978b [690]; P. tristanensis
Stebbing, 1888 (K.H. Barnard, 1932) (Stephensen,
1949) [731].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Arctic-North
Atlantic, Indo-Pacific tropics, Austral-Antarctic, 0-130 m,
7 species.
Paramicrodeutopus Myers
Paramicrode"utopus Myers, 1988: 190.
Type species. Microdeutopus schmitti Shoemaker,
1942, original designation.
Myers (1988) diagnosis. Article 3 of
mandibular palp with posterior margin distally
concave, proximally straight; left mandibular molar
with complex plates, primary plate triangular or
subtriangular, secondary plate reduced or absent,
tertiary and quaternary plates missing; anterior margin of
maxilliped without wing-like flanges; male gnathopod 1
carpochelate, carpus larger than propodus; uropod 3
peduncle shortened, weakly expanded, rami with spines,
but no marginal setae, outer ramus with small second
article.
Relationship. See Microdeutopus and all genera of
the Myers (1988) diagnosis.
Species. Paramicrodeutopus hancocki Myers, 1968a,
1969a (I.L. Barnard, 1979b) [540]; P. myersi Bynum &
Fox, 1977 (Myers, 1981d) [362]; P. schmitti Shoemaker,
1942 (I.L. Barnard, 1959d, 1969a,b, 1979b) (Reish&
Barnard, 1967) (Myers, 1968a, 1969a) [369]; P. trichopus
Myers, 1968a, 1969a [546].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, tropical
America north to California and Chesapeake region,
0-221 m, 4 species.
Paraneohela Oldevig
Relationship. Differing .from /schyrocerus and Jassa
in the reduction of the accessory flagellum to a small
scale; from Ischyrocerus additionally in the enlarged
female gnathopod2.
Paraneohela Oldevig, 1959: 115.
Type species. Paraneohela anomala Oldevig, 1959,
Bamard & Kararnan: Marine Garnrnaridean Arnphipoda
original designation.
Diagnosis. Badly described (known items italicised).
Like Neohela. Body cylindrical, [dorsally corrugated,
provided with elevations, teeth or humps, carinate,
slightly depressed, laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, last 2 3 mesosome segments fused together;
urosomites free, 1 elongated, or 1-2-3 coalesced, 3
coalesced with telson, marked ventrally by sutures,
urosomite 1 ordinary, elongate, toothed]. Rostrum [short,
long, thorn-like, supra-antennal line absent present
except in defining ocular lobes], ocular lobes short, blunt,
[antennal .sinus absent. weak. moderate. deep. (Head as
long as pereonites 1-2 together)]. Eyes ordinary. Antennae
long, 1 much longer than 2, [1 both slender, antenna 2
stout]; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1,
article 2 longest, accessory flagellum 6-articulate, main
flagellar articles many. Antenna 2 [peduncular segment
3 short. scarcely elongate. peduncle stout in male],
flagellum with 7 articles. Epistome [unproduced
anteriorly]. Labrum entire. Mandible [normal, with
reduced molar, somewhat conical but apically blunt,
palp strong weak, absent, very slender, with only 1 2
articles, article 3 not semi falciform, rectolinear, clavate,
article 3 shorter longer than 2. Labium with entire
notched outer lobes, ?probably without weakly welldeveloped inner lobes, mandibular lobes short long,
pointed. blunt]. Inner plate of maxilla 1 short, without
setae, [outer plate with 6 9 11 spines, palp 1 2-articulate.
Plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, narrow, inner plate
with mediofacial row of setae. with only mediomarginal
setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer
plate normal, very short, long, not reaching exceeding
apex of palp article 2, with spines, setae only on medial
margin, palp with 2 3 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3
un lobed, article 4 very long, short, with long short
medium lacking nail. and setae. armed with row of fine
spines along inner margin].
Coxae long, strongly overlapping, [of various sizes
and shapes, progressively elongate from 1 to 4,
spiniform], coxa 1 dilated, produced forward, [very small
in contrast to enlarged coxae 2-4, coxa 2 also short,
larger than 1, often produced or dilated, other coxae ?,
coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, lobed, coxa 5 usually
nearly as long as much shorter somewhat longer than 4.
very elongate anteroposteriorly especially in female,
thoracic segment 5 also elongate, very small, coxae 6-7
much smaller than anterior coxae]. Gnathopods 1-2 of
subequal size, small, [simple, both with linear articles,
densely setose, large, gnathopod 1 2 slightly greatly
larger than 1 2, gnathopod 1 in male weakly poorly
subchelate, simple, with only 6 articles, . carpochelate,
nearly merochelate, article 5 long, linear, unlobed,
palm short and transverse, gnathopod 2 subchelate
simple], article 5 of both gnathopods 1-2 shorter than 6,
[poorly unlobed, carpochelate in males, with large
article 5, article 6 very large], palms transverse.
[Gnathopod 2 enlarged, weakly subchelate, parachelate,
simple, feeble, linear, carpochelate in male, with article
2 dilated, very setose, with article 4 enlarged, inflated,
221
incipiently merochelate, extended and fused distally
along posterior margin of article 5, article 5 as long as
longer shorter than 6, larger more slender than 6,
unlobed, article· 6 dilated, more slender than article 5,
sometimes with false chela. with process on
posteroproximal margin, dactyl short. long. strongly
reduced].
Pereopods [3-4 normal, longer than gnathopods,
dissimilar (article 3 of pereopod 4 elongate), with
slender inflated article 2, article 4 dilated, dactyIs long.
short]. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other, with linear
article 2, [pereopods 5-7 progressively longer,
pereopods 5-6 much shorter than different. from
pereopods 6-7, with broader, often lobed artIcle 2;
pereopods 5-6-7 with narrow broad linear un~obed
article 2, article 2 of pereopod 7 long and pOInted,
pereopods 6-7 with different dactyl. articles 4-5 of
pereopod 7 enlarged]; dactyl of pereopods 5-7 long,
curved, [without accessory spine on outer margin.
with several inner marginal setae]. Sternal processes [of
thorax undescribed. present. absent. Coxal gills
undescribed. present on segmen~s 2-3-4-5-6-7. Pleopods
undescribed. normal. partially reduced towards
posterior. with dilated peduncle]. Epimeron 3 no~
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 [biramous, normal, stout, ramI
slightly unequal, much shorter longer than almost as long
as peduncle, not hooked, peduncle of uropods 1 2 with
moderate ventrodistal process, that of uropods 1 2
smaller obsolescent, of uropod 1 linear, of uropod 2
broadly dilated, uropod 2 absent, lacking rami, with very
unequal small rami. with only 1 ramus, ramus shorter than
peduncle]. Uropod 3 small, short, biramous, both rami
short, peduncle shorter thaIJ rami, ramisubequal, withfew
armaments mostly apical. Telson entire, longer than
broad, pointed apically, with 2 hooked apical cusps.
Female. Unknown. [?Coxaedifferent from· male,
usually much longer. Gnathopods small, gnathopod -1
larger than 2, normally poorly subchelate, simple, article
5 shorter longer ·than almost as long as 6, strongly
weakly unlobed on both gnathopods 1 2. Oostegites
moderately· narrow, broad, present on only segments 2
345].
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Relationship. Unknown.
Species. Paraneohela anomala Oldevig, 1959 [278].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Bering Sea,. 32
m, 1 species.
Paraoroides Stebbing
Fig.44L
Paraoroides Stebbing, 1910a:606.-I.L. Bamard, 1969c: 155.I.L. Bamard, 1973b: 21.
222
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Type species.. Paraoroides unistilus Stebbing, 1910a,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical, slightly depressed,
smooth, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary.
Rostrum short, ocular lobes short, blunt; antennal sinus
moderate to deep. Eyes medium. Antennae of medium
length, 1 longer than 2, both slender, peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, articles 1-2 longest,
accessory flagellum vestigial. Antenna 2 peduncular
article 3 short, flagellum articles very few. Epistome
produced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, entire.
Mandible normal,palp strong, slender, article 3
rectolinear, longer than 2. Labium with entire outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
long, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 vestigial, without
setae, outer plate with 7-9 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates
of maxilla 2 rather narrow, inner with only
mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with
distal spines, outer plate long, reaching apex of palp
article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4
articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 long,
with medium nail and setae.
Coxae of medium length, weakly contiguous, of
various shapes, not progressively elongate from 1 to 4,
coxa 1 dilated, produced forward, coxa 2 also short,
coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, weakly lobed, coxa 5
much shorter than 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than
anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 weakly diverse, of
subequal size, small, gnathopod 1 slightly larger than 2,
in male·· weakly subchelate, article 5 short but almost as
long· as 6, unlobed, article 6 slightly larger. Gnathopod
2 weakly subchelate, article 5 longer than 6, unlobed,
article 6 slightly more slender than 5, palm short and
transverse, dactyl short, curved.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to
each other, progressively but slightly longer, scarcely
prehensile, pereopod 5 slightly shorter than pereopod 7,
pereopods 5-7 with broad unlobed article 2, dactyl of
pereopods 5-7 geniculate, without accessory spine on
outer margin, palms with stout spine. Sternal processes
of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills [undescribed,
present on segments ?2-6]. Pleopods normal. Epimeron
3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami
equal, much shorter than peduncle, peduncle of uropod
1 with ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 small, short,
uniramous, single ramus short, obtuse distally, with
vestigial article 2,with few armaments mostly apical,
peduncle longer than ramus but short, not dilated
medially. Telson entire, short, as broad as long, ovate,
with 2 apicolateral sets of setules.
Female. Coxae shorter than in male. Gnathopods
small, gnathopod 1 scarcely larger than 2,. poorly
subchelate, article 5 longer than 6, unlobed.
Oostegites [?moderately narrow, present on segments
2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods.
Relationship. Differing from Grandidierella in the
non-carpochelate male gnathopod 1 and short ramus of
uropod 3.
Species. Paraoroides. unistilus Stebbing, 1910a [781].
Habitat and -distribution. Marine, Australia, New
South Wales, off Manning River, depth unknown, 1
species.
Pareurystheus Tzvetkova
Pareurystheus Tzvetkova, 1977: 88.-Conlan, 1983: 13.
Type species.. Eurystheus anamae Gurjanova, 1952b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical, urosomites free,
urosomite 1 of ordinary length, toothed or carinate.
Rostrum short, ocular lobes short, blunt; antennal sinus
weak to moderate. Eyes small to medium. Antennae of
various lengths, nearly subequal, or usually 1 longer
than 2, both slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1
shorter than 1, articles 1-2 longest, accessory flagellum
multiarticulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 scarcely
elongate. Epistome produced anteriorly. Labrum
subrounded, entire. Mandible normal, palp strong,
article 3 clavate, shorter than or equal to 2. Labium with
entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes,
mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1
triangular, large, with a row of medial setae, outer plate
with 9 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2
ordinary, inner plate with mediofacial row of setae.
Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate
normal, not reaching apex of palp article 2, with spines
on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 short, with long setae.
Coxae relatively short, [probably not weakly
overlapping], not progressively elongate from 1 to 4,
coxa 1 dilated, produced forward, coxa 4 not longer
than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4, coxae
6-7 not much smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 12 similar, of subequal size, small, gnathopod 2 slightly
larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male subchelate, article 5
as long as 6, poorly lobed.· Gnathopod 2 subchelate,
with article 2 not dilated, article 5 shorter than 6,
weakly lobed, article 6 scarcely dilated or not.
Pereopods 3-4 normal but longer than gnathopods,
similar, with scarcely inflated article 2, article 4
scarcely dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to
each other (or not), progressively longer, almost
prehensile, pereopod 5 much shorter and slightly
different from pereopods 6-7, with slightly broader
(relative to size) article 2. Pereopods 6-7 with narrow,
almost lobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,
curved, without accessory spine on outer margin.
Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills
[undescribed, present on segments ?2-7]. Pleopods
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2
biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal, longer
than
peduncle, peduncle of uropod 1 with
or as long as
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 small, biramous, both
rami short, peduncle slightly elongate, as short as outer
ramus, ramus I-articulate, inner ramus shorter than outer
ramus, both narrow, tapering, with few armaments
mostly apical. Telson entire, short, broader than long,
subquadrate, with 2 tiny hooked apical cusps.
Female. Oostegites [?moderately broad, present on
segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Absent.
Variables. Outer plate of maxilla 2 enlarged (P.
latipes); male gnathopod 2 almost as feeble as gnathopod
1 (P. dentatus); male gnathopod 2 significantly larger than
gnathopod 1 (P.amakusaensis); pereopods 6-7 enlarged
(type and P. tzvetkovae); length of inner ramus on
uropod 3 variable, often half of outer ramus (e.g. P.
dentatus) or almost as long as outer ramus (type).
Relationship. Differing from Gammaropsis and allies
in the shorter article 3 of antenna 1.
From Protomedeia in the weak (Conlan, 1983, says
"not setose") posterior setation of article 2 on
pereopods 5-7.
See Parunciola.
Species. Pareurystheus amakusaensis Hirayama, 1984a
[395]; P. anamae (Gurjanova, 1952b) (Tzvetkova, 1977)
[280]; P. dentatus (Holmes, 1908) (Conlan, 1983) [273]; P.
gurjanovae Tzvetkova, 1977 (= P. dentatus of Gurjanova,
1938b, 1951) [395]; P.latipes Tzvetkova, 1977 [395]; P.
sexdentatus (Stephensen, 1944b) (Tzvetkova, 1977)
[396]; P. tzvetkovae Conlan, 1983 [273].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Aleutians southwestward through Japan into the Yellow Sea, 0-90 m, 7
species.
223
article 3 scarcely elongate. Epistome unproduced
Labrum subrounded, entire. Mandible
normal, palp strong, article 3 clavate, shorter than 2.
Labium with entire outer lobes, with well-developed
inner lobes, mandibular lobes short, blunt. Inner plate
of maxilla 1 triangular, with a row of medial setae,
outer plate with 10 spines, palp 2-articulate. Outer plates
of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner plate with mediofacial
row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines,
outer plate normal, reaching apex of palp article 2,
with spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article
2 long, article 3 .unlobed, article 4 medium, with short
setae.
Coxae small, relatively short, anterior members
weakly overlapping, progressively but scarcely elongate
from 1 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, not produced forward,
coxa 2 also short, coxa 4 scarcely longer than coxa 1,
not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 smaller than
anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 of subequal size, small,
densely setose, gnathopod 2 scarcely larger than 1;
gnathopod 1 in female weakly subchelate, article 5 of
both gnathopods slightly longer than 6, poorly lobed,
dactyI ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopods, similar, with
slender article 2, article 4 not dilated, dactyls short.
Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other, progressively
longer, with linear article 2, [presumably pereopod 5
much shorter than 7], dactyl of pereopods 5-7
geniculate, short, curved. Sternal processes of thorax
[undescribed]. Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods
normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2
biramous, very long and slender, rami slightly
unequal, shorter (except uropod 2) than peduncle,
peduncles of uropods 1-2 without ventrodistal process.
Uropod 3 long, uniramous"single ramus long,
peduncle shorter than ramus, not dilated medially,
single ramus I-articulate, apically and marginally setose,
narrow. Telson entire, as broad as long, pentagonal,
incised, with 2 .apical spine-setae. Oostegites
moderately narrow, present on [?segments 2-5].
Male. Unknown.
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Parunciola Chevreux
Parunciola Chevreux, 1911d: 266.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 21.
Type species. Parunciola seurati Chevreux, 1911 d,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Female. Body subcylindrical, posteriorly
carinate, slightly depressed, urosomites free, 1
elongated, toothed. Rostrum absent, ocular lobes short,
blunt; antennal sinus .moderate. (Head as long as
pereonites 1-2 together). Eyes ordinary. Antennae long
subequal, both slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna
1 longer than 1, article 2 longest, accessory flagellum
pluriarticulate, flagellum short. Antenna 2 peduncular
Relationship. Differing from Unciolella in the well
setose inner plate of maxilla 1, longer ramus of uropod
3 and large .coxae. From Unciola in the non-angular
coxae, obsolescent rostrum, clavate apical article of the
mandibular palp, non-toothed epimera, much smaller
gnathopod 1 in supposed males, non-dilated peduncle of
uropod 3 and unthickened male antenna 2. From
Dercothoe in the elongate and unlobed carpus of
gnathopod 2. From Pareurystheus in the I-articulate
uropod 3.See Neohela.
Species. Parunciola seurati Chevreux, 1911d
(Ledoyer, 1968, 1977) [348].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Mediterranean,
224
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
105-130 m, 1
()I-!\.I\",!.\.I.,.
Karaman
Pedicorophium Karaman, 1981a: 17.
Type species. Unciola laminosa Pearse, 1912, original
designation.
Diagnosis. Body cylindrical, smooth, slightly
depressed, urosomites free, 1 ordinary. Rostrum long,
thorn-like, with larger downturned thorn on each side
of rostrum; ocular lobes short blunt; antennal sinus deep.
Eyes small or absent. Antennae of various lengths,
sometimes nearly subequal, or 1 longer than 2, 1
slender, antenna 2 stout in male; peduncular article 3 of
antenna 1 slightly shorter than 1, article 2 longest,
accessory flagellum 1 to 2-articulate. Antenna 2
peduncular article 3 scarcely elongate but huge,
dominant from side view, article 4 dominant from dorsal
view, peduncle stout in both sexes, with articles 3-4
heavily sculpted and spined, flagellum short. Epistome
produced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, barely
incised. Mandible normal, palp strong, slender, article 3
rectolinear, shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
long, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular or ovate,
with 2 apical setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with
mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped
with distal spines, outer plate short, reaching halfway to
apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial margin,
palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed,
article 4 moderate, with medium nail and setae.
Coxae very small, short, discontiguous, of almost
uniform sizes and shapes, progressively shorter from 1
to 4, weakly spiniform or angular, coxa 1 poorly dilated
and produced forward, coxa 2 longer than 1, often
produced or dilated, coxa 4 [?shorter than coxa 1, not
lobed], coxa 5 as long as 4, coxa 7 smaller than anterior
coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, not densely setose,
gnathopod 1 greatly larger than 2, subchelate, article 2
dilated, article 5 short, shorter than 6, lobed, article 6
very large, dactyl large. Gnathopod 2 parachelate,
feeble, with article 2 not dilated, not very setose, article
5 almost as long as 6, unlobed, article 6 scarcely more
slender than article 5, dactyl short.
Pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopods, similar, with
slender article 2, article 4, not dilated, dactyls short.
Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other, progressively
longer, withsublinear article 2, pereopod 5 much shorter
than pereopod 7, dactyl of pereopods 5..7 short, curved,
without accessory spine ·on outer margin, with one
inner marginal seta. Sternal processes of thorax
[undescribed]. Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods
[undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2
biramous, stout, inner rami vestigial, peduncle of
uropods 1-1 without ventrodistal process.Uropod 3
very
cylindrical, uniramous, single ramus vestigial,
with 2-3 wire-like setae, peduncle longer than ramus,
slender, not dilated medially. Telson entire, short, as
broad as long, ovate, poorly armed.
Female. Antenna 2 more slender, slightly sculptured.
Coxae different from male, usually shorter and less
modified. Gnathopods like those of male but palm of
gnathopod 1 less sculptured. Oostegites [?broad, present
on segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Weak. Antenna 2, coxae.
Relationship. Differing from Pseudunciola in the
presence of a tooth on epimeron 3, sculpture on
antenna 2, presence of tiny inner ramus on uropod 2
but smaller inner ramus of uropod 1, and thinner
article 2 of pereopods 5-7. From Unciola in the reduced
inner rami of uropods 1-2, even more reduced
uropod 3, and, except for one species in Unciola, the
heavily sculpted antenna 2. From Rildardanus in the
presence of a vestigial ramus on uropod 3, welldeveloped inner ramus of uropod 1 and the 1 to 2(versus scale) articulate accessory flagellum. From
Pterunciola in the reduced inner rami of uropods 1-2,
the reduced ramus of uropod 3 and the presence of a
tooth on epimeron 3.
See Liocuna.
Species. Pedicorophium laminosum (Pearse, 1912)
(Shoemaker, 1945c) (Dickinson et al., 1980) [362].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Gulf of Mexico,
Caribbean Sea, north to Virginia, 40-80 m, 1 species.
Photis
Kr~yer
Figs 39B, 40E, 42E, 44H, 45D,S, 46C
Photis Kr~yer, 1842: 155.-Stebbing, 1906: 605.-J.L. Bamard,
1962a: 26 (Key).-IL. Bamard, 1969c: 274.-J.L. Bamard,
1973b: 22.-Conlan, 1983: 42 (key North Pacific).
Eiscladus Bate & Westwood, 1863: 411 (Eiscladus
longicaudatus Bate & Westwood, 1863).
Heiscladus (lapsus) Norman, 1869a: 255.
Photis (Cedrophotis) J.L. Barnard, 1967a: 26 (Photis
[Cedrophotis] malinalco J.L. Barnard, 1967a) [valid
subgenus].
Pseudophotis Hirayama, 1984a: 35 (Pseudophotis ariakensis
Hirayama, 1984a, original designation) [possible valid
subgenus].
not Cerapopsis Della Valle, 1893: 388 (Cerapopsis longipes
Della Valle, 1893, monotypy) [see as valid genus].
Type species.
monotypy.
P hotis
reinhardi
Kr~yer,
1842,
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Garnmaridean AmlphJpO(la
short, ocular lobes
antennal sinus deep.
Eyes
weak or absent. Antennae of medium
lengths, subequal, both slender, peduncular article 3 of
antenna 1 as long as 1, peduncular articles 2-3 longest,
accessory flagellum vestigial or absent, Antenna 2
oeclUI1CU.lar article 3 short, flagellum occasionally very
short. Epistome unproduced
Labrum
subrounded, incised. Mandible normal, palp strong,
slender, article 3 clavate, shorter than 2. Labium with
entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes,
mandibular lobes short, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1
triangular, with 0-1 apical seta, outer plate with 9-11
spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary,
inner plate [? without] mediofacial row of setae. Inner
plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate normal,
not reaching apex of palp article 2, with spines on
medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 long, with medium nail and
setae.
Coxae long, weakly contiguous, uniform,
progressively but slightly elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1
not dilated, not produced forward, coxa 2 slightly
larger than 1, coxa 4 longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa
5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior
coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 slightly to strongly diverse;
gnathopod 2 slightly to greatly larger than 1,
gnathopod 1 in male poorly to strongly subchelate, palm
short, article 5 very short or as long as 6, lobed.
Gnathopod 2 enlarged, subchelate, with article 2 barely
dilated, article 4 extended distally along posterior
margin of article 5, article 5 shorter than 6, lobed, article
6 dilated, sometimes with false chela or process on
posteroproximal margin, dactyl short or long.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls medium. Pereopods 5-7
dissimilar to each other, progressively longer, 5
prehensile, much shorter than and different from
pereopods 6-7, with broader, often lobed article 2;
pereopods 6-7 with narrower unlobed article 2;
pereopods 6-7 with normal dactyl, dactyl of pereopod 5
geniculate, with accessory tooth on outer margin,
bearing long spine, closing on palm. Sternal processes
of thorax absent. Coxal gills present on segments 2-6.
Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 bisinuate or not.
Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal,
shorter than peduncle, peduncle of uropods 1-2 without
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 of ordinary length,
biramous, peduncle elongate, as long as outer ramus,
latter with small article 2, inner ramus much shorter than
outer ramus. Telson entire, short, as broad as long, ovate,
semicircular or pentagonal, often pointed apically, with 2
hooked apical cusps.
Female. Gnathopod 2 small, li~e male but. less
sculptured. Oostegites moderately narrow to broad,
present on segments 2-5.
225
v'u~
occasionally elongate and
stalks (e.g.
setation of antennae
antenna 2
much longer than 1
inner
of
maxilla 2 with facial setae often reduced or absent,
medial setae often sparse; setation of coxae; coxa 1
produced forward
coxae 1-2 shortened
(e.g. P. longipes) , or
coxa 1 shortened (e.g. P.
obesa), coxae 1 and 3 excavate and lobulate (P. nataliae);
shapes, setation, sculpture and palmar excavations of
gnathopods 1-2; palms of gnathopods 1-2 becoming
obsolescent (Cedrophotis, Pseudophotis); presence and
shape of stridulation ridges on male gnathopod 2
and coxae; male gnathopod 2 with carpus elongate,
unlobed, anteroproximally spinose
spinicarpa);
setation and proportions of articles on pereopods 3-7;
inner ramus of uropod 3 absent (P. antennata); outer
ramus of uropod 3 I-articulate (Cedrophotis).
IJV.l.B..I. ...
Key to Subgenera of Photis
LInner ramus of uropod 3 half length of outer ramus
..................................................................... (Ce.drophotis)
Inner ramus of uropod 3 one third or less length of
outer ramus
2
2.Palms of gnathopods obsolescent
Palms of gnathopods present
(Pseudophotis)
(Photis)
Subgenera. Pseudophotis. Like Photis but palms of
gnathopods obsolete; includes P. ariakiensis and P. nana;
originally described as fu!l genus but transformations
(for example, P. californica, P. coecus, P. elephan.tis,
P. phaeocula) sufficiently frequent to deny full status;
however, other characters may be present on P.
ariakiensis and differentially on P. nana to warrant full
generic status when determined.
Cedrophotis. Inner ramus of uropod 3 half as long as
outer ramus; a more plesiomorphic state than Photis
sensu stricto; at present confined to the species P.
malinalco (type) and P. aina; also palms of gnathopods
obsolescent as in Pseudophotis.
Relationship. Differing from Gammaropsis in the
reduction of the inner ramus to half or less of the outer
ramus and in the longer anterior coxae. Unlike
Gammaropsis the apex of pereopod 5 is prehensile
because of the grasping mechanism between a
toothed dactyl and the large spine on the weak
propodal palm.
See Cerapopsis, Cheiriphotis, Dercothoe, Dodophotis,
Isaeopsis, Microjassa, Microphotis, Microprotopus and
Posophotis.
Sexual dimorphism. Moderate. Gnathopod 2.
Variables. Size of eyes; ocular lobes blunt or
Removals. Photis digitata K.H. Barnard, 1935, to
Dodophotis; P. distinguenda Ruffo, 1955, to
226
Records of the Australian Museum
Su[>ple:rnent 13 (Part 1)
pygmaea
Species.. See
1969a,b,
Chevreux & Fage
Griffiths
(1974b,c, 1975), Ledoyer (1973a,d, 1977, 1978a), Nagata
(1965c), Reish & Bamard (1967), Schellenberg (1942),
Shoemaker (1945b), Stephensen (1940b, 1944a,c); P.
aequimanus Schellenberg, 1925a [441]; P. africana
Schellenberg, 1925a [440]; P. aina J.L. Bamard, 1970a
[381]; P. albus Budnikova, 1985 [391]; P. antennata
Chevreux, 1926b [441]; P. ariakensis Hirayama, 1984a,
aberrant, see text [395]; P. baeckmannae Gurjanova,
1951 [290]; P. beringiensis Tzvetkova, 1980 [281]; P.
bifurcata J.L. Bamard, 1962a (Conlan, 1983) [379]; P.
brevicaudatus (Norman, 1867b) (Stebbing, 1888, 1910a)
(Chilton, 1912b) [782 + 773]; P. brevipes Shoemaker, 1942
(Conlan, 1983) (= P. californica identification of J.L.
Bamard, 1954a) [379 + B]; P. californica Stout, 1913 (J.L.
Bamard, 1962a) (Stretch, 1985a) [370]; P. cavimana
Ledoyer, 1979a, 1982b [698]; P. chiconola J.L. Bamard,
1964d, 1971b [372B]; P. coeca J.L. Bamard, 1962d
[801A]; P. conchicola Alderman, 1936 (J.L. Bamard,
1962a) (Carter, 1982) (?Conlan, 1983) [379]; P. dentata
Shoemaker, 1945b (Dickinson et al., 1980) [364 + B]; P.
dolichommata Stebbing, 1910a (Ledoyer, 1984) [781 + 660
+ 743 + B]; P. elephantis J.L. Barnard, 1962a, 1969a, 1979b
[369]; P.fischmanni Gurjanova, 1951 (Conlan, 1983) [280
+ 290]; P. goreensis Schellenberg, 1925a [441]; P.
hawaiensis J.L. Bamard, 1955a, 1970a [381]; P. japonica
Hirayama; 1984a [395]; P. kapapa J.L. Bamard, 1970a
(Griffiths, 1973) (Ledoyer, 1979a, 1982b) (Myers, 1985c)
[600 + 743]; P. kurilica Gurjanova, 1955b [232B]; P. lacia
J.L. Bamard, 1962a (Conlan, 1983) [379]; P. lamellifera
Schellenberg, 1928b (Ruffo, 1959, 1969) [685 + 340]; P.
lamina Hirayama, 1984a [395]; P. longicaudata (Bate &
Westwood, 1863) (Sars, 1895) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Ledoyer,
1979a,b, 1982b) (Hirayama, 1984a) (= P. lutkeni Boeck,
1871b, 1876) [420 except 535]; P. longidactyla Griffiths,
1974a, 1975 [743]; P. longimana Walker, 1904 (Nayar,
1967) (Sivaprakasam, 1970a) (Rabindranath, 1971b) [660];
P. macinerneyi Conlan, 1983 [270]; P. macrocarpa
Stebbing, 1888, 1906 [851]; P. macromana McKinney, et
al., 1978 (McKinney, 1980b) [474]; P. macrotica J.L.
Bamard, 1962a, 1966b [370]; P. matinalco J.L. Bamard,
1967a [309A]; P. melanica McKinney, 1980b [474]; P. nana
(Walker, 1904) (Nayar, 1967), aberrant, see text [665]; P.
nataliae Bulycheva, 1952 [391]; P. nigricola Lowry, 1979
[776]; P. obesa Chevreux, 1926b [441]; P. oligochaeta
Conlan, 1983 [270]; P. pachydactyla Conlan, 1983 [270];
P. parvidons Conlan, 1983 [270]; P. phaeocula Lowry,
1979 [776];P.pirloti Myers, 1985c [555]; P. pollex Walker,
1895b (Myers & 'McGrath, 1981) (Moore, 1984c) (:::: P.
macrocoxa Shoemaker, 1945b, Bousfield, 1973) (= P.
reinhardi identification of Lincoln, 1979a) [250]; P.
producta (Stimpson, 1856b) (Bate, 1862) (Stebbing, 1906)
[395]; P. pugnator Shoemaker, 1945b (McKinney, 1980b)
[364]; P. reinhardi Kr0yer, 1842 (Sars, 1895) (Bousfield,
1973) (Myers & McGrath, 1981) (Hirayama, 1984a) (= P.
P.
1951
P.
U.U.'-),\';.B..B.Jlu.n..\.".B.~ 1942 [376]; P. strelkovi Gurjanova, 1953 [280];
P. tenuicornis Sars, 1883, 1895 (Myers & McGrath, 1981)
P. uncinata K.H. Barnard, 1932, 1940 (Griffiths,
P. vinogradovi Gurjanova, 1951 [290]; P.
viuda J.L. Bamard, 1962a, 1964b [370 + B]; "species" of
Pirlot, 1938 [643]; "species" of J.L. Barnard, 1969a [373];
"species" of J.L. Bamard, 1972b [775 + 771 + ?733];
"species" A, Camp et al., 1977 [478]; "species" B, Camp
et al., 1977 [478].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan, 03725 rn, rarely below 200 m, 56 species.
Plesiolembos Myers
Plesiolembos Myers, 1988: 190.
Type species. Plesiolembos rectangulatus Myers,
1977 a, original designation.
Myers (1988) diagnosis.. Article 3 of mandibular
palp with posterior margin straight or sinuous; left
mandibular molar with-complex plates, primary plate
falcate, secondary, tertiary and quaternary plates of
similar shape but not markedly falcate; anterior margin
of maxilliped [?with wing-like flanges, not described];
male gnathopod 1 with propodus enlarged, subovoid,
carpus short cup-shaped; female gnathopod 1 not like
that of male; pereopod 5 propodus posterior margin
with setae but no spines; uropod 3 peduncle short,
expanded, outer ramus with long marginal setae and
extremely long' distal setae, without small second article.
Relationship.. See Lembos and all genera of the
Myers (1988) diagnosis.
Species. Plesiolembos ovalipes Myers, 1979b, 1981d
[476]; P. rectangulatus Myers, 1977a, 1981d (= P.
habanensis Ortiz, 1980 [483] (Ortiz, 1983a,b) [460].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, Caribbean Sea,
0-37 rn, 2 species.
Posophotis I.L. Barnard
Posophotis J.L. Bamard, 1979b: 30.
Type species. Posophotis seri J.L. Barnard, 1979b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, moderate, produced
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
forward, blunt; antennal sinus deep. Eyes ordinary.
Antennae of medium length, subequal, both slender,
peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 as long as 1, article 2
longest, accessory flagellum 3-articulate. Antenna 2
peduncular article 3 scarcely elongate. Epistome
unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, incised.
Mandible normal, palp strong, article 3 clavate, shorter
than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes, with welldeveloped inner lobes, mandibular lobes long, pointed.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, without setae, outer
plate with 11 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2
ordinary, inner plate with mediofacial row of setae.
Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate
normal, not reaching apex of palp article 2, with spines
on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 very short, with long
setae.
Coxae long, weakly contiguous or overlapping, of
various sizes and shapes, progressively elongate from 1
to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, not produced forward, small in
contrast to enlarged coxae 2-4, coxa 2 larger than 1,
coxae 3-4 anteriorly expanded, coxa 4 longer than coxa
1, not lobed, not excavate, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae
6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2
scarcely diverse, of subequal size, small, gnathopod 2
slightly larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male poorly
subchelate, article 5 long, sublinear, unlobed, longer than
6. Gnathopod 2 slightly enlarged, subchelate, article 2
not dilated, with article 4 slightly enlarged, extended
along posterior margin of article 5, article 5 shorter than
6, weakly lobed, article 6 dilated, with sculptured palm,
dactyl ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slightly inflated
article 2, article 4 dilated, dactyls medium. Pereopods 57 similar to each other, not progressively longer, not
prehensile, pereopod 5 different from pereopods 6-7,
with broader, lobed article 2 and widely expanded
article 4; pereopods 6-7 with narrower unlobed article 2,
dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short, curved, without accessory
tooth on outer· margin. Sternal processes of . thorax
absent. Coxal gills [undescribed, present on segments 2.;.
6]. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropods
1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal, inner much
shorter (2) or as long as (1) peduncle, peduncle of
uropod 1 with ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 of
ordinary length, biramous, both rami short, peduncle
elongate, longer than rami, inner ramus as long as
(female) or shorter (male) than outer ramus, rami narrow,
tapering and with few armaments mostly marginal,
outer with tiny apical immersed spinules. Telson entire,
short, broader than long, trapezoidal, with 2 hooked
apical cusps.
Female. Coxae different from male, 3-4 not
expanded. Gnathopod 2 smaller, palm shorter, less
sculptured; article 4 of pereopod 5 not expanded.
Oostegites [?moderately narrow, present on segments
2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods, coxae 3-
227
4, pereopod 5.
Relationship. Differing from Photis and
(Cedrophotis) in the following combination of
characters: lack of article 2 on outer ramus of uropod 3,
presence of well-developed accessory flagellum and
stubbiness of dactyl on maxilliped. Photis antennata also
lacks article 2 on the outer ramus of uropod 3 but lacks
an accessory flagellum. From Gammaropsis complex in
the long coxae, stubby dactyl of maxilliped and
additionally from Gammaropsis (Pseudeurystheus) in the
short carpus of male gnathopod 2.
See Bathyphotis and Ledoyerella.
Species. Posophotis seri J.L. Barnard, 1979b [540].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, eastern tropical
Pacific, 0-6 ·m, 1 species.
Protolembos Myers
Protolembos Myers, 1988: 190.
Type species. Lembos chiltoni Myers, 1981 C, original
designation.
Myers (1988) diagnosis. Article 3 of mandibular
palp with· posterior margin distally straight or sinuous,
marginal setae of 2 different lengths but terminal
setae longer; left mandibular molar with complex
rounded subsimilar plates; anterior margin of maxilliped
with strong wing-like flanges; male gnathopod 1 with
propodus enlarged, longer than carpus; female
gnathopod 1 not like that of male; uropod 3 peduncle
short, expanded, outer ramus with long marginal setae
and extremely long distal setae, with small second
article.
Relationship. See Lembos and all genera of the
Myers (1988) diagnosis.
Species. Protolembos chi/toni Myers, 1981c (=
"species" No. 4 J.L. Barnard, ~972b) [783 + 772]; P. kidoli
Myers, 1975a [683]; P. phi/acanthus (Stebbing, 1888)
(Chilton, 1921b) (?Pirlot, 1934) [783 + ?772 + ?602B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Australia, New
Zealand, east Africa, ?Indonesia bathyal, 0-71 (?411 )m,
3 species.
Protomedeia
Kr~yer
Protomedeia. Kr~yer, 1842: 154.-J.L. Bamard, 1969c: 274.J.L. Bamard, 1973h: 22.-Lincoln, 1979a: 510.
Type species. Protomedeia fasciata
Kr~yer,
1842,
228
Records of the
n.u.,~u aJuau
Museum (1991) Sur)pie:me:nt 13 (Part 1)
monotypy.
Diagnosis..
compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites
urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short,
antennal sinus weak to
moderate. Eyes small. Antennae of medium length, 1
longer than 2, both slender or antenna 2 in male
scarcely stout; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 shorter
than 1, articles 1 or 2 longest; accessory flagellum
pluriarticulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short,
peduncle slightly stout in male.. Epistome unproduced
anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, weakly incised.
Mandible normal, palp strong, slender, article 3 clavate,
as long as 2. Labium with entire outer lobes, with welldeveloped inner lobes, mandibular -lobes short, pointed.
Inner plate of· maxilla 1 triangular, short, with sparse
medial and apical setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp
2-articulate. .Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate
without mediofacial and mediomarginal setae. Inner
plate, of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate
normal, almost reaching apex of palp article 2, with
spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2
long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 long, with short nail and
setae.
Coxae small, relatively short, weakly contiguous, of
slightly varying sizes and shapes in male, not
progressively elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1 dilated,
produced forward, coxa 2 also short, often rounded, coxa
4 not longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 usually longer
than 4, coxae 6-7 sm~ller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods
1-2 diverse, small to medium, densely setose, gnathopod
2 slightly to greatly larger than 1,gnathopod 1 in male
weaklysubchelate, article 2 often partly dilated, article
5 long, unlobed, palm short and oblique. Gnathopod 2
enlarged, weakly subchelate, .with article. 2 very setose,
article 5 longer than 6, larger than 6, unlobed, article 6
slightly more slender than article 5, often with false chela
or process on posteroproximal margin, dactyl ordinary
but overlapping palm.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 weakly dilated, poorly overlapping article 5,
dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other,
progressively longer or 6-7 equal, with expanded article
2, pereopod 5 much shorter than pereopod -7, with
almost lobed article 2; dactyls of pereopods 5-7 short,
.curved. Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills
present on ·segments 2-6. Pleopods. normal. Epimeron 3
not bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly
unequal, as long as peduncle, peduncle of uropods 12 with ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 ordinary,
biramous, both rami short, peduncle as long as rami, outer
ramus with vestigial article 2, inner ramus almost as long
as outer ramus, both with heavy spines. Telson entire,
short, as broad as long, ovate or semicircular, with 2
apical groups of setule-spinules.
Female. Coxae slightly different from male, usually
shorter or even. Gnathopods small, very setose,
gnathopod 2 scarcely larger than 1, normally to poorly
subchelate, article 5 shorter or as long as 6, unlobed.
DA~1rpO"·ltp~
narrow, present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopod 2.
Variables.. Mandibular palp poorly setose, article 1
elongate
coxal sizes variable; palm of
male gnathopod 2 transverse or
ornaments and
inner ramus
proportions of articles on gnathopods
of uropod 3 as little as two thirds as long as outer.
Relationship. Like Gammaropsis .one of the more
primitive members of the Corophioidea and differing
from Gammaropsis in the poorly recessed antenna 2.
Differing from Goesia in the well-developed
accessory flagellum, the poor to absent basomedial
setation on .the inner plate of maxilla 2 and the welldeveloped dactyl on the maxillipeds.
See Aorchoides,
Cheirimedeia,
Chevalia,
Ledoyerella, Leptocheirus, Pagurisaea, Pareurystheus
and Posophotis.
Removals. See Cheirimedeia.
Species. See J.L. Barnard (1964b, 1966b, 1971b),
Gurjanova (1951), Shoemaker (1955a), Stephensen
(1940b, 1942, 1944a, 1944c); P. articulata J.L. Barrtard,
1962a (Conlan, 1983) [379 + B]; ?P. chelata Kudrjaschov,
1965c [279]; P. coeca Bulycheva, 1952 [391 + B]; P.
crudoliops Hirayama, 1984a [395]; P. epimerata
Bulycheva, 1952 [391]; P. fasciata KrfZ}yer, 1842 (Sars,
1895) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Conlan, 1983) (= P. macronyx
Liljeborg, 1855, 1856, Bruzelius, 1859) [200]; P.fasciatoides
Bulycheva, 1952 [280]; P. grandimana Briiggen, 1906
(Conlan, 1983) [200]; P. microdactyla Bulycheva, 1952 [391
+ B]; P. penates J.L. Barnard, 1966b [371]; P.popovi
Gurjanova, 1951 [279]; P. prudens J.L. Barnard, 1966a,
1971b (Conlan, 1983) [379 + B]; P. spinigera Oldevig,
1959 [279]; P. stephenseni Shoemaker, 1955a (Conlan,
1983); P. s. ochotensa Kudrajaschov, 1965b [220];
"species" of Takamaru & Ochaia, 1982 [394].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Arctic-boreal,
cold water, tropical submergent south to 32°N,
0-906 rn, 14 species.
[Ischyroceridae] Pseudericthonius Schellenberg
Fig.45R
Pseudericthonius Schellenberg, 1926a: 385.-J.L. Barnard,
1969c: 196.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 26.
Type species. Pseudericthonius gaussi Schellenberg,
1926a, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Female only. Like Ericthonius but
mandibular palp article 3 rectolinear. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 with 5-7 medial setae, outer plate with 10 spines.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amlohl00<1a
than 6,
rami
inner much shorter than outer, very small.
Uropod 3 outer ramus with 4 distal hooks.
Sexual
Weak.
Relationship. Differing from Ericthonius in the
narrow article 3 of the mandibular palp, the presence of
10 (versus 7) spines on the outer plate of maxilla 1, the
identity (versus diversity) between female gnathopods 1
and 2 and the reduced inner rami of uropods 1-2.
See Cerapus.
Species. Pseudericthonius gaussi Schellenberg, 1926a
(K.H. Bamard, 1932) [880B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica and
South Shetland Islands, 200-385 m, 1 species.
[Ischyroceridae] Pseudischyrocerus Schellenberg
Fig.48B
Pseudischyrocerus Schellenberg, 1931: 254.-J.L. Bamard,
1969c: 280.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 26.
Type
species.
P seudischyrocerus
denticauda
Schellenberg, 1931, selected by J.L. Bamard, 1969c.
Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical, slightly depressed,
smooth; urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, pointed, antennal sinus deep.
(Head as long as pereonites 1-2 together). Eyes ordinary.
Antennae of various lengths, 1 shorter than 2, 1 slender,
antenna 2 often stout in male; peduncular article 3 of
antenna 1 longer than 1, articles 2-3 longest, accessory
flagellum I-articulate, main flagellar articles few (5-7).
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 scarcely elongate,
peduncle often stout in male, flagellum short. Epistome
produced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, entire.
Mandible normal, palp strong, article 3 rectolinear,
shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes, with welldeveloped inner lobes, mandibular lobes long, pointed.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, with 1 apical seta,
outer plate with 7 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of
maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with only sparse
mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal
spines, outer plate normal, not reaching apex of palp
article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles,
article 2 long, article 3 lobed, article 4 short, with long
Setae.
Coxae relatively short to long, weakly contiguous or
weakly overlapping, progressively elongate from 1 to 4,
coxa 1 not dilated, barely produced forward, coxa 2 often
larger than 1, coxa 410nger than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa
5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior
coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, gnathopod 2 greatly
229
1, gnathopod 1 in male
subchelate,
almost linear,
than 6, poorly lobed.
subchelate,
2 enlarged, weakly to
with article 2 not· dilated, with article 4 occasionally
and incipiently
extended along
margin.of article 5, article 5 much shorter than
6, lobed, article 6
sometimes with weak false chela
or process on distal margin near dactylar base,
5-6 strongly setose anteriorly, dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to
each other, progressively longer, pereopod 5 shorter
than pereopod 7, pereopods 5-7 with narrow to broad,
lobed or unlobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7
short, curved, without accessory spine on outer margin.
Stemalprocesses of thorax absent. Coxal gills present
on segments 2.. 6. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 barely
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly
unequal, longer than (2) or almost a~ long as (1) peduncle,
peduncle of uropod 1 with ventrodistal process.
Uropod 3 slightly elongate, biramous, both rami very
short, outer .ramus recurved apically, with few distal
hooks, peduncle elongate, longer than rami, inner ramus
narrow, as long as outer ramus, tapering and with few
armaments mostly apical. Telson entire, longer than
broad, linguiform, poorly armed.
t-J''-',..
,.,....,..L..L'U'..L
Female. Coxae different from male, usually
much longer. Gnathopod 2 smaller than in male, larger
than 1,normally subchelate, palm not sculptured, article
5 shorter than 6, weakly lobed on both gnathopods 12, anterior setae reduced on articles 5-6. Oostegites
[?moderately broad, present on segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Weak. Gnathopods.
Relationship. Differing from Ischyrocerus in the
reduction of the accessory flagellum to one article, the
unexpanded rectolinear article 3 of the mandibular palp,
and the elongate· unlobed carpus of gnathopod 1.
See Bathyphotis.
Species. Pseudischyrocerus crenatipes BellanSantini & Ledoyer [799]; P. denticauda Schellenberg,
1931 [866]; P.distichon (K.H. Bamard, 1930, 1932)
(Schellenberg, 1931) (Nicholls, 1938) (Stephensen, 1947a)
[880' + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica and
adjacent islands, 6-570· m, 3 species.
Pseudomegamphopus Myers
Pseudomegamphopus Myers, 1968b: 527.-J.L. Barnard,
1973b: 22.
Type species. Pseudomegamphopus barnardi Myers,
1968b, original designation.
230
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Diagnosis. Body cylindrical, depressed, smooth,
urosomites 1-2 free, 3 coalesced with telson. Rostrum
short, thorn-like, pointed, lacking subrostral projection,
ocular lobes elongate, produced forward and downward,
blunt. Antennal sinus deep. Eyes present, small. Antenna
1 much shorter than 2, 1 slender, antenna 2 stout;
peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 slightly shorter than 1,
article 2 longest, accessory flagellum vestigial or absent.
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 slightly elongate,
peduncle stout in male, flagellum with 1 long, 1 short
and 2 tiny articles. Epistome unproduced anteriorly.
Labrum subrounded, entire. Mandible normal, palp strong,
with only 1 article. Labium with entire outer lobes, with
w~ll-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes long,
pOInted. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, short, without
setae, outer plate with 6 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates
of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with mediofacial row
of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with 3 distal spines,
outer plate normal, not reaching apex of palp article 2,
with spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article
2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 long, with long nail and
setae.
Coxae small, relatively elongate, 3-5 not contiguous,
1-2 and 6-7 weakly overlapping, of various sizes and
shapes, progressively but scarcely elongate from 1 to 4,
coxa 1 dilated, produced forward, coxa 2 larger than 1,
coxa 4 not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4, coxae 67 ,smaller than anterior coxae;· coxae 3-4 with dentate
margin and stout pectinate setae. Gnathopods 1-2 of
subequal size, small, almost simple, first with linear
articles, gnathopod 1 slightly longer than 2, gnathopod 1
in male simple, article 5 long, linear, unlobed.
Gnathopod 2 weakly subchelate, with articles 2-3
dilated, very spinose, with article 4 incipiently
merochelate, extended and· fused distally along
posterior margin of article 5, article 5 shorter than 6
unlobed, dactyl long.
'
Pereopods 3-4 alike, unusual, with inflated article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7 dissimilar to
each other, pereopods 5-6 shorter than and different
from pereopod 7, with broader, anteriorly lobed article
2, with short and reniform article 5 like pereopods 3-4,
pe~eopod 7 with broad unlobed heavily setose article 2,
artIcles 4-6 slender,dactyls of pereopods 5-7 short
geniculate, without accessory tooth. Sternal processes of
thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills present on segments 46. Pleopods with dilated peduncle. Epimeron 3 not
bisinuate. Dropod 1 biramous, stout, peduncle without
strong ventrodistal process, rami strongly unequal, outer
as long as peduncle, inner ramus much shorter than outer.
Dropod 2 absent. Dropod 3 small, single ramus shorter
than peduncle, obtuse and setose distally, peduncle
dilated medially, armed with several simple setae.
Telson entire, short, br()a,cl~r th.aIl IOIlg, softlytriangular,
with 2 apical patches of hooks.
Female. Antenna 2 more slender. Oostegites narrow,
present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak.
Relationship. See Varohios.
Removal. Pseudomegamphopus chelatus (Walker,
1904), to Varohios.
Species. Pseudomegamphopus barnardi Myers,
1968b [539]; P. excavatus Myers, 1968b [462]; P. jassopsis
(K.H. Bamard, 1951) (Myers, 1974a) (Griffiths, 1975)
[743E].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, tropical PanAmerica and South Africa, 3- 60 m, 3 species.
Pseudunciola Bousfield
Pseudunciola Bousfield, 1973: 177.
Dactylocorophium Karaman, 1981a: 15 (same type species).
Type species. Unciola obliquua Shoemaker, 1949b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body cylindrical, smooth, slightly
depressed, urosomites free, 1 ordinary, 3 hidden
dorsally by telson. Rostrum long, thorn-like, ocular lobes
short, pointed or blunt; antennal sinus deep. Eyes
weak or absent. Antennae nearly subequal, 1 longer
than 2, 1 slender, antenna 2 stout in male; peduncular
article 3 of. antenna 1 shorter than 1, article 1 longest,
accessory flagellum I-articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular
article 3 slightly elongate, peduncle scarcely stout in
male, but articles 4-5 tapering distad, not sculptured,
article 3 dominant, flagellum short. Epistome
unproduced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, barely
incised. Mandible normal, palp strong, slender, article 3
rectolinear, shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular
lobes long, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular or
ovate,with 2-3 apicomedial setae, outer plate with 9
spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary,
inner plate with mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate
of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate short,
reaching halfway to apex of palp article 2, with spines
on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 moderate, with medium nail
and setae.
Coxae very small, short, discontiguous, of various
sizes and shapes, progressively shorter from 1 to 4,
often spiniform or angular, coxa 1 dilated, produced
forward, coxa 2. not longer than 1, produced or dilated,
coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 longer
than 4, coxa 7 smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods
1-2 diverse, moderately setose, gnathopod 1 greatly
larger than 2, subchelate, article 2 dilated, article 5 short,
shorter than 6, lobed, article 6 large, dactyl large.
Gnathopod 2 parachelate or subchelate, feeble, with
article 2 not dilated, poorly setose, article 5 as long as
or longer than 6, unlobed, article 6 more slender than
article 5, dactyl short or reduced.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean ArnlphlpO(la
Pereopods 3-4
than ~A.U. A.Jl.\JIJ\J'U':)~
inflated article 2, article 4
Pereopods 5-7 similar to each
longer, with expanded article 2, pereopod 5 much
7,
of
5-7
shorter than
without accessory spine on outer
with
several inner
setae. Sternal processes of
thorax
Coxal gills
on
2-6. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate but
epimera 1-2 with large tooth. Uropod 1 biramous, stout,
rami grossly unequal, inner much shorter than outer,
both shorter than peduncle, peduncle without
ventrodistal process, single ramus of uropod 2 shorter
than peduncle. Uropod 3 very short, cylindrical,
uniramous, single ramus short, I-articulate, obtuse and
setose distally, peduncle longer than ramus but very
short, not dilated medially. Telson entire, short, as
broad as long, ovate, poorly armed.
......
Female. Antenna 2 and gnathopod 1 weaker.
Oostegites broad, present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak. Antenna 2, gnathopod
1.
Relationship. Differing from Unciola in the reduced
inner ramus of uropod 1, loss of one ramus on uropod
2, loss of sculpture on epimeron 3, further reductioh in
tiny cylindrical uropod 3, and better expansion of
article 2 on pereopods 3-7. From Pedicorophium in the
loss of sculpture on epimeron 3. See that genus for
more details. From Uncinotarsus in the presence ofa
ramus on uropod 3 and the lack of a spur on pereopods
3-7. From Pterunciola in the loss of the inner ramus on
uropod 3 and the reduction of the inner ramus on
uropod 1.
See Liocuna and Rildardanus.
Species. Pseudunciola obliquua (Shoemaker, 1949b)
(Bousfield, 1973) (Karaman, 1981a) (Morgan &
Woodhead, 1984, life history) [260].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, western Atlantic,
Bay of Fundy to Virginia, 13-91 rn, 1 species.
Pterunciola Just
231
shorter than 1, articles 1-2 . . "'.. . . ,. ., . . . . .,. . , accessory llageJllUlTI
Antenna 2
article 3 scarcely
elong,lte, De<lun.Cle slender in
flagellum with 6-7
anteriorly. Labrum
Mandible
stout, article 3
Labium
entire outer
with
inner
mandibular lobes long, blunt. Inner plate of
maxilla 1
with 2 apical setae, outer plate
with 6 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2
ordinary, inner plate with only mediomarginal setae.
Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate
ordinary but only reaching two thirds to apex of palp
article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4
articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4
moderate, with medium nail and setae.
Coxae very small, short, weakly discontiguous
(except 1 and 2), of various sizes and shapes,
progressively shorter from 2 to 4, not spiniform or
angular, coxa 1 not dilated, not produced forward, coxa
2 larger than 1, weakly produced, coxa 4 shorter than
coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxa 7 smaller
than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, densely
setose, gnathopod 1 greatly larger than 2, subchelate,
article 2 not dilated, article 5 short, shorter than 6, not
lobed, article 6 large, dactyl large. Gnathopod 2
parachelate, feeble, with article 2 not dilated, very setose,
article 5 as long as 6, unlobed, article 6 not more slender
than article 5, dactyl short.
Pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopods, similar, .with
slender., article 2, article 4 not dilated, article 6 longer
than 5, dactyIs short. Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other,
progressively longer, with linear article 2, pereopod 5
slightly shorter than pereopod 7, dactyl of pereopods ·57 short, curved, without accessory spine on outer
margin. Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal
gills moderately expanded, present on segments 2-6.
Pleopods [undescribed]. Epimera 1-3 not bisinuate nor
toothed. Uropods 1-2 biramous, stout, rami slightly
unequal, shorter than peduncle, peduncles without
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 very short, uniramous,
single ramus short, I-articulate, obtuse and setose,
distally, peduncle longer than ramus but very short,
dilated medially. Telson entire, short, longer than
broad, ovate, poorly armed.
Female. Antenna 2 more slender. Gnathopod 1
slightly smaller, palm less differentiated than in male.
Oostegites narrow, present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak. Gnathopod 1.
Pterunciola Just, 1977a: 131.
Type species. Pterunciola spinipes Just, 1977a, original
designation.
Diagnosis. Body cylindrical, smooth, slightly
depressed, urosomites free, 1 ordinary. Rostrum short,
not thorn-like, ocular lobes obsolescent;· antennal sinus
weak to moderate. Eyes absent. Antennae .subequal,
both slender; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 much
Relationship. Differing from Unciola in the much
poorer recessment of antenna 2, non-angular coxae,
lack of teeth on the epimera, longer article 3· of the
mandibular palp, presence of only 6 spines on the outer
plate of maxilla 1, shorter' article 6 of pereopods 3-4
and slender oostegites.
See Liocuna, Pedicorophium and .Pseudunciola.
Species. Pterunciola spinipes Just, 1977a [307B].
232
of the
fiWSUdJUdH
Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
distribution.
840-1540 m,
Rakiroa
off North
shells of
& Fenwick
or
process.
uniramous,
ramus
obtuse and spinosetose
distally, peduncle as long as ramus, not dilated medially,
single ramus 1-articulate. Telson
longer than
broad, ovate, truncate apically, with 2 lateral and 1
patch of setae.
Y(
& Fenwick, 1982: 119.
\",IlLlll-A.,",'~A.")"'"A.
Female. Oostegites [?broad, present on segments 25].
Type speci~s. Rakiroa rima Lowry & Fenwick, 1982,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, setae tufted
dorsally, urosomites 2-3 coalesced, urosomite 1 not of
elongate form in its complex. Rostrum short, ocular lobes
obsolescent, blunt, antennal sinus moderate. Eyes
large. Antennae of medium length, nearly subequal but
1 longer than 2, both stout; peduncular article 3 of
antenna 1 slightly shorter than 1, article 1 longest,
accessory flagellum vestigial, scale-like, main flagellar
articles only 3, article 1 long and thick. Antenna 2
peduncular article 3 short, peduncle stout, flagellum also
short and stout and like antenna 1, with 4 articles, only
first large. Epistome [?unproduced anteriorly]. Labrum
[?subrounded.entire]. Mandible normal, palp strong,
stout, article 3 clavate, shorter than 2. Labium with
entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes,
mandibular lobes short blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1
linguiform, large, with a row of medial setae and 2 apical
setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2-articulate. Outer
plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, inner plate with only
mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of ·maxilliped with
only distal setae, outer plate short, reaching halfway to
apex of palp article 2, with spines only apicomedially
and apically, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article
3 unlobed, article 4 long, and very stubby, with long
nail and setae.
Coxae relatively short, strongly overlapping, of
various sizes and shapes, progressively elongate from 2
to 4, coxa 1 dilated, produced forward, coxa 2~ slightly
larger than 1, coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, not lobed,
coxa 5 as long as 4, coxae 6-7 slightly smaller than
anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, large,
gnathopod 2 greatly larger than 1, gnathopod 1
subchelate, weakly merochelate, article 5 long, thick,
unlobed, longer than 6, palm short and weakly
oblique, dactyl overlapping palm. Gnathopod 2 huge,
subchelate, almost parachelate, with article 2 slightly
dilated, article 5 very short, weakly lobed, article 6
dilated, rectangular, dactyl large, fitting long sculptured
transverse palm.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 3;.7 similar to
eac;h other, progressively longer, with weakly
expanded article 2, pereopod 5 shorter than pereopod
7, . dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short,curved. Sternal
processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills
[undescribed]. Pleopods [undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, stout, rami
Sexual dimorphism. None.
Relationship. Differing from Chevalia in the
uniramous uropod 3, loss of accessory flagellum, thick,
poorly articulate flagella of antennae 1-2, normal dactyls
of pereopods 5-7 and more normal uropods 1-2.
Otherwise characterised in the group by fused
urosomites 2-3 and therefore to be differentiated from
Kamaka; in the latter genus urosomites 1-2 are fused
together but 3 is separate and fused to the telson, the
ocular lobes are stalk-like and the flagellum of antenna
2 is multiarticulate.
Species. Rakiroa rima Lowry & Fenwick, 1982
[776s].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Snares Islands,
depth unknown, 1 species.
Rildardanus J.L. Barnard
Fig.42A
Rildardanus J.L. Bamard, 1969b: 197.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b:
22.
Type species. Rildardanus tros J.L. Barnard, 1969b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body cylindrical, often dorsally
corrugated, or smooth, slightly depressed, urosomites
free, 1 ordinary, 3 hidden by telson. Rostrum long,
thorn-like, ocular lobes short, blunt; antennal sinus deep;
head longer than pereonites 1-2 together. Eyes weak.
Antenna 1 longer than 2, 1 slender, antenna 2 stout in
male; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1,
article 2 scarcely longest, accessory flagellum vestigial,
scale-like. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 scarcely
elongate, huge, with huge dominant article 4, articles 34 heavily sculptured and spined, flagellum short.
Epistome prodllced a.l1tetiorly. La.brllm sllbrolll1ded,
incised. Mandible normal, palp strong, slender, article 3
rectolinear, shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer
lobes, with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular
lobes long, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 linguiform,
with 2 apical setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2articulate. Inner plates of maxilla 2 shortened, with
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean ArrlPhllPO<la
setae. Inner
with distal
outer
apex of
article 2, with
2 long, article 3 unlobed,
palp with 4
with
nail and setae.
article 4
Coxae very
short, discontiguous, of various
sizes and shapes, progressively shorter from 1 to 4,
often spiniform or angular, coxa 1 not dilated, not
produced forward, coxa 2 smaller than 1, produced or
dilated, coxa 4 as long as coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5
much longer than 4, elongate anteroposteriorly, coxa 7
smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, not
densely setose, gnathopod 1 greatly larger than 2,
subchelate, article 2 dilated, article 5 short, shorter than
6, lobed, article 6 large, dactyl large. Gnathopod 2
parachelate, feeble, with article 2 not dilated, very
setose, article 5 longer than 6, unlobed, article 6 not
more slender than article 5, dactyl short.
Pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopods, similar, with
slender article 2, article 4 not dilated, dactyls short.
Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other, progressively
longer, with linear article 2, pereopod 5 much shorter
than pereopod 7, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short, curved,
without accessory spine on outer margin, with several
inner marginal setae. Sternal processes of thorax
[undescribed]. Coxal gills [?present on segments 2-6].
Pleopods partially reduced towards posterior, with
scarcely dilated peduncle. Epimeron 3 bisinuate.
Uropods 1-2 biramous, stout, inner rami vestigial, outer
shorter than peduncle, peduncle of uropods 1-2 without
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 forming small setose leaf
lacking rami. Telson entire, short, as broad as long,
semicircular, with 2 major apical setae.
Female. Unknown. Oostegites [?broad, present on
segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Relatio·nship. Differing from Unciola in the
reduction of the inner rami on uropods 1-2, loss of ramus
on uropod 3, and the formation of heavy sculpture on
antenna 2. From Pedicorophium and Pseudunciola in the
loss of ramus on uropod 3; from Pseudunciola also in the
development of sculpture on antenna 2 and the retention
of a tooth on epimeron 3. From Uncinotarsus in the
presence of a vestigial inner ramus on uropod 2 and
lack of a spur on pereopods 3-7. From Ritaumius and
Liocuna in the abnormal uropod 2.
Species. Rildardanus tros J.L. Barnard, 1969b [377].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Gulf of California,
BahiadeL()s Angeles,
9~16
m, 1 species.
Ritaumius Ledoyer
Ritaumius Ledoyer 1978b: 256.
Ritaumius
233
1978b,
urosomites
almost
ocular
lobes
antennal sinus weak to moderate. Eyes
small. Antenna 1 longer than 2, both slender, peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, article 2 longest,
accessory flagellum vestigial, I-articulate. Antenna 2
peduncular article 3 scarcely elongate, flagellum with
only 4-5 articles. Epistome [?unproduced ,anteriorly].
Labrum [?subrounded, barely incised] . Mandible
normal, palp strong, slightly stout, article 1 elongate, 2
short, article 3 rectolinear, longer than 2. Labium with
[?entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes,
mandibular lobes long, pointed]. Inner plate of maxilla
1 small, with a row .of 9 medial setae, outer plate with
[?9] spines, palp 2-articulate. Inner plates of maxilla 2
rather broad, inner plate with mediofacial row of setae.
Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate
short, not reaching apex of palp article 2, with spines on
medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article
3 slightly lobed, article 4 long, armed with row of fine
spines along inner margin.
Coxae very small, short, weakly contiguous, of
similar sizes and shapes, not progressively shorter
from 1 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, not produced
forward, coxa 2 also short, coxa 4 not longer than
coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 [?nearly as long as 4, coxa 7
smaller than anterior coxae]. Gnathopods 1-2 similar, of
subequal size, feeble, both with sublinear articles,
not densely setose, gnathopod 1 scarcely larger than
2, both gnathopods in male subchelate, article 5 of
both gnathopods longer than 6, unlobed, dactyls
ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 abnormal, similar, with scarcely
inflated article 2, article 4 slender, elongate, articles 5-6
very short, dactyls very short. Pereopods 5-7 [?similar
to each other, progressively longer, with linear article
2, pereopod 5 slightly shorter than pereopod···· 7, dactyl
of pereopods 5-7 short, curved, without accessory spin~
on outer margin]. Sternal processes of thorax
[undescribed]. Coxal gills [?present on segments 2..6].
Pleopods [undescribed]. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate.
Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami slightly unequal, as
long as or longer than peduncle, peduncles without
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 forming small, naked
leaf lacking rami. Telson entire, short, broader than
long, pentagon~l, with 2 tiny apicolateral setae.
Female. Unknown. Oostegites [?broad, present on
segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Relationship. Characterised by aramolis uropod 3,
feeble gnathopods in male, strange pereopods 3-4, the
latter almost linear, with articles 5-6 very short, latter
slightly stubby, dactyl reduced. Mandibular palp article
1 is elongate.
234
SUf)ple·meJnt 13 (Part 1)
Records of the Australian Museum
biramous
longer than article 1, coxae ,. .""'-. . ,. . .
of maxilla 1 very setose nlP:{1Hlll h.r
See Liocuna and Rildardanus.
Species.. Ritaumius
0·11 .. ""'-.... 1:'
2 SuLJleQU,aHV
2 of antenna 1
and inner
IOfj~J!l(~OrnlS
v
1978b
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, Mauritius Island,
shallow water, 1 species.
Rudilemboides J.L. Barnard
Figs .45A, 46M
Rudilemboides J.L. Barnard, 1959d: 30.-J.L. Barnard,
1969c: 156.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 22.
Type species. Rudilemboides stenopropodus J.L.
Bamard, 1959d, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal; urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes moderate, produced forward,
pointed; antennal sinus moderate. Eyes moderate.
Antenna 1 longer than 2, both slender; peduncular
article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, article 2 longest,
accessoryflagellum 3-articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular
article 3 scarcely elongate, flagellum with about 4-5
articles. Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum
subrounded, incised. Mandible normal, palp slender,
article 3 rectolinear, as long as 2. Labium with entire
outer lobes, mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate
of maxilla 1 conical, small, with 1 medial seta, 1 apical
seta, outer plate with 13 spines, palp 2-articulate.
Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with
mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped
with 3 distal spines, outer plate normal, exceeding apex
of palp article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp
with 4 articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4
short, with short setae.
Coxae small, relatively short, contiguous or weakly
overlapping, of various shapes, coxa 1 dilated,
produced forward, coxa 2 slightly larger than 1, coxa 4
not longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long
as 4; coxa 6 like 5, 7 smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse; gnathopod 1 greatly larger
than 2, in male simple, incipiently carpochelate, article 5
enlarged, long, unlobed or weakly so, article 6 small.
Gnathopod 2 weakly subchelate, feeble, linear, often
very setose, article 5 longer than 6, not lobed, article 6
rectangular, ·dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 barely dilated, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7
progressively.longer, pereopod 5 much shorter than 7,
former with broad, latter with narrow unlobed article 2,
pereopods 6-7 with elongate dactyl. Stemalprocesses
of thorax absent. Coxal gills [undescribed]. Pleopods
1-2
2,
process.
..::J"IU'v'"-lI~UJ.~ narrow,
much
article 2.
ovate to
v.ILJLl-.lL'U''lo.I..IL''::,IL-U.IL
Female. Gnathopods
gnathopod 1 barely
broader than 2, normally subchelate, article 5 slightly
longer than 6, unlobed. Oostegites [?moderately
narrow, broad, present on only segments ?2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods.
Variables. Article 2 of pereopod 5 narrowed (R.
nag/ei).
Relationship. Differing from Acuminodeutopus and
Zoedeutopus in the fully developed inner ramus of
uropod 3 and the weak to absent carpochela on male
gnathopod 1. Myers (1981d) believes that the two genera
are synonymous because of the weak carpochela on R.
naglei which transcends the extremes between the
genera. From Neomegamphopus and Amphideutopus
and their allies in the short article 3 of antenna 1.
From Microdeutopus and Lembos in the rectolinear
article 3 of the mandibular palp.
See Lemboides and Maragopsis.
Species. Rudilemboides naglei Bousfield, 1973
(Myers, 1981d, as Acuminodeutopus) [364]; R.
stenopropodus J.L. Barnard, 1959, 1964e, 1979b
(Stretch, 1985a) [369].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, tropical and
warm-temperate Pan-America, 0-68 m, 2 species.
[Ishyroceridae] Runanga I.L. Bamard
Fig.44J
Runanga J.L. Bamard 1961a: 117.-J.L. Bamard, 1969c: 196.IL. Bamard, 1973b: 26.
Type species. Runanga coxalis J.L. Barnard, 1961a,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Female. Body cylindrical, depressed,
smooth, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, subpointed; antennal sinus deep.
Eyes medium. Antennae very long, nearly subequal, both
slender; peduncular article 1 of antenna 1 with distal tooth,
article 3 greatly longer than 1, peduncular article 3
longest, accessory flagellum scale-like, main flagellum
with 6-7 articles. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short,
peduncle not stouter in male. Epistome [?moderately
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean AIT1PhllPo<1a
produced
Labrum [?subrounded,
Mandible
article 3
rectolinear, article 3 as long as 2. Labium with entire
outer
with well-developed inner
mandibular lobes long,
Inner plate of maxilla 1
ovate, with 1 apical seta, outer plate with 11 spines,
2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner
with
apicad rnediomarginal setae. Inner
of
maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate short, not
reaching two thirds to apex of palp article 2, with spines
on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 short, with medium nail and
setae.
Coxae very small, short, widely discontiguous, of
various sizes and shapes, progressively shorter from 2
to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, not produced forward, coxa 2
larger than 1, coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, not lobed,
coxa 5 .heavily setose, much longer than 4, very
elongate anteroposteriorly especially in female, thoracic
segment 5 also elongate, coxae 6-7 not larger than
anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 scarcely diverse, of
equal size, small, both weakly subchelate, in
gnathopod 1 article 5 unlobed, longer than 6, propodi
almond-shaped, dactyls ordinary. Gnathopod 2 with
article 2 dilated, article 5 as long as 6, strongly lobed.
Pereopods 3-4 unusual, similar but article 4 of
pereopod 4 elongate, with inflated, article 2, article 4
slightly dilated, articles 5-6 short, dactyls short.
Pereopods. 5-7 dissimilar to each other, progressively
longer, WIth weakly expanded article 2, pereopod 5
much shorter than and different from pereopods 6-7,
with broader article 2 and tiny reniform article 5
enveloped by article 4, pereopods 6-7 with narrow
u~lobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 geniculate,
WIth accessory tooth on inner margin. Sternal keel
[?of thorax present]. Coxal gills narrow, present on'
segments 3-6. Pleopods strongly reduced towards
posterior, with slender peduncle; outer ramus of
pleopod 1 basally inflated, small and foliaceous; inner
ramus of pleopod 2 tiny, scale-like; pleopod 3 tiny,
with 1 tiny ramus. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate. Uropod 1
?iramous, rami unequal, outer shorter than peduncle,
Inner two thirds of outer, peduncles of uropods 1-2
without ventrodistal process, uropod 2 with only 1 small
ramus. Uropod 3 forming small almost naked leaf
uniramous, ramus vestigial, with 2 tiny- hooks; peduncl~
not dilated medially. Telson entire, very short, much
broader than long, emarginate apically, with 2 apical
patches of hooks. Oostegites narrow, present on
segments 3-5.
Male. Possible correct identification. Gnathopod 2
carpochelate, carpus large, propodus thin, shorter than
<;£!rplls, with. weak apical tlullnb, dactyl moderate.
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopod 2.
Variables. Flagella of antennae 1-2 with 9 and 7
articles (type), with 15 and 15 articles (R. wairoa); coxa
2 enlarged and overlapping coxa 1 in female (R.
235
1-2 with
3 with 2 rami
lost in dissection.
-n"'l0't01t4 .n.rI . n.1t"'.nn I
-n""coC' .. Ih.h:r
from
in the more
elongate pereonite 5 and coxa 5, with the latter
heavily setose. From
in the
carpochelate gnathopod 2, and the well-developed 3articulate mandibular palp.
This genus and Baracuma form' a pair united by the
elongate article 4 of pereopod 4 and reduction of
posterior pleopods.
Species. Runanga coxalis I.L. Bamard, 1961a [715B];
R. wairoa McCain, 1969 [715B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Tasman Sea, 610705 m, 2 species.
Stenocorophium Karaman
Stenocorophium Karaman, 1979b: 580.
Type species. Stenocorophiu-m bowmani Kararnan,
1979b, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body subcylindrical, slightly depressed,
smooth, urosomites 1-2 coalesced. Rostrum short, ocular
lobes short, pointed, .antennal sinus moderate. Eyes
medium. Antennae of medium length, 1 scarcely longer
than 2, both slender, peduncular article 3 of antenna 1
slightly shorter than 1, article 2 scarcely longest,
accessory flagellum absent. Antenna 2 peduncular
article 3 short, flagellum short, with few articles. Epistome
[?unproduced anteriorly]. Labrum [?subrounded,
?incised]. Mandible normal, palp strong, article 3
clavate, shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes,
with well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes
obsolescent, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 small,
without setae, outer plate with 7 spines, palp 2-articulate.
Inner plates of maxilla 2 rather broad, outer narrow,
inner plate with only mediomarginal setae. Inner plate
of maxilliped with distal setae, outer plate normal,
reaching only halfway to apex of palp article 2, with
spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article· 2
long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 short, with setae.
Coxae of ordinary length, strongly overlapping, not
progressively elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1 strongly
dilated and produced forward,· coxa 2 shorter than 1,
coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, scarcely lobed, coxa 5
as long as 4, coxa 7 much smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1..2 slightly diverse, of subequal·· size, small,
both with linear articles, densely setose, gnathopod 2
slightly larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male subchelate, ,
palm almost transverse, article 5 longer than 6,
unlobed, article 6 slender. Gnathopod 2· with only 6
articles, simple, linear, very setose, with article 4
enlarged, merochelate, lobe extended away from
236
Records of the Australian Museum
~ur)ple:me:nt
of article 5, article 5 now
as long as
and more slender than 4, unlobed, article 6
representing
spine-like,
setose.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7 dissimilar to
each other, progressively longer, pereopod 7 almost
prehensile, pereopods 5-6 much shorter than and
different from pereopod 7, pereopod 5 with unlobed
article 2, pereopods 6-7 with broad lobed article 2,
pereopods 5-6 with shorter dactyl, articles 4-6 of
pereopod 7 greatly enlarged, dactyl of pereopods 5-7
curved, without accessory spine on outer margin.
Sternal processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills
[undescribed, present on segments ?2-7]. Pleopods
[undescribed]. Epimeron 3 weakly bisinuate. Uropods 12 biramous, stout, spines large, rami unequal, much
shorter than (1) or as long as (2) peduncle, peduncle of
uropod1 with ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 small,
short, uniramous, single ramus short, obtuse distally,
peduncle as long as ramus, very short,dilated medially.
Telson entire, short, broader than long, pentagonal,
with 2 hooked apical cusps.
Female. Unknown. Oostegites [?moderately narrow,
present on segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Relationship. Differing from Paracorophium and
Chaetocorophium in the loss of the inner ramus on
uropod 3, loss of mandibular lobes on the lower lip, and
the strange condition of gnathopod2 in which one
article is lost and propodus and dactyl are now
represented by articles 5-6, which are styliform. From
Corophium in the large coxae, apically clavate
mandibular palp and the divergent article 4 of gnathopod
2.
Species. Stenocorophium bowmani Karaman, 1979b
[594F].
Habitat and distribution. Freshwater (?brackish
water), river bottom, Palau Islands, 1 species.
Tethylembos Myers
Tethylembos Myers, 1988: 191.
Type species. Lembos viguieri Chevreux, 1911 d,
original designation.
Myers (1988) diagnosis. Article 3 of mandibular
palp with posterior margin straight, marginal setae of 2
different lengths, but terminal setae longer; left
mandibular molar with oblique· lamellae extending
across half of molar surface from marginal lappets;
13 (Part 1)
WIIIV-IIKt> flanges,
anterior
1 with
not
than carpus; female
enlarged,
uropod 3
gnathopod 1 not like that of
outer ramus with long
peduncle
distal setae, with small
marginal setae,
second article.
v./\..l,J..v.l.l.lVJ..
Relationship. See Lembos and all genera of the
Myers (1988) diagnosis.
Species. Tethylembos viguieri (Chevreux, 1911d)
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Myers, 1974c, 1982a) [340].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Mediterranean
Sea, 3-40 m, 1 species.
Uncinotarsus L'Hardy & Truchot
Uncinotarsus L'Hardy & Truchot, 1964: 126.-J.L. Bamard,
1969c: 156.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 23.
Type species. Uncinotarsus pellucidus L'Hardy &
Truchot, 1964, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body cylindrical, smooth, slightly
depressed, urosomites free, 1 ordinary, 3 mostly hidden
by telson. Rostrum short, thorn-like, ocular lobes short,
blunt; antennal sinus weak. Eyes weak. Antenna 1 longer
than 2, both slender; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1
much shorter than 1, articles 1-2 longest, accessory
flagellum 2-articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
short, peduncle slender in female, flagellum long but
with only 4-5 articles. Epistome unproduced anteriorly.
Labrum subrounded, barely incised. Mandible normal,
palp strong, slender, article 3 rectolinear, shorter than 2.
Labium with notched outer lobes, with weakly
developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes long, blunt.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, with 1 apical seta, outer
plate with 5 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2
ordinary, inner plate naked medially. Inner plate of
maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate short, reaching
halfway to apex of palp article 2, with few spines on
medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, article
3 unlobed, article 4 short, with long setae.
Coxae very small, short, discontiguous, of almost
uniform sizes and shapes, not progressively shorter from
1 to 4, spiniform or angular, coxa 1 not dilated, produced
forward, coxa 2 larger than 1, produced, coxa 4 not
longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 as long as 4, coxa
7 smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 slightly
diverse, gIla.thopod 1 greatly larger tha.n 2, subchelate,
article 2 not dilated, article 5 short, shorter than 6, weakly
lobed, article 6 large, dactyl large. Gnathopod 2
subchelate, not feeble, with article 2 not dilated, poorly
setose, article 5 much shorter than 6, unlobed, article 6
stouter than, article 5, dactyl ordinary.
Pereopods 3-4 longer· than gnathopods, similar, ·with
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Garnmaridean Amphipoda
slender article 2 armed with rear
article 4
short.
similar to
each other, progressively longer, with linear article 2
bearing rear tooth, pereopod 5 slightly shorter than
pereopod 7, dactyl of pereopods 5-7
without accessory
on outer margin, with several
inner marginal setae. Sternal processes of thorax
[undescribed]. Coxal gills slender, present on segments
2-5. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 not bisinuate.
Uropod 1 biramous, normal, inner rami slightly
reduced, outer shorter than peduncle, peduncle of
uropods 1-2 without ventrodistal process; uropod 2 with
only 1 ramus, ramus shorter than peduncle. Uropod 3
forming small, poorly setose leaf lacking rami. Telson
entire, short, as broad as long, ovate, with 2 apicolateral
setae.
Female. Oostegites narrow, present on segments 25.
Sexual dimorphism. Absent.
Relationship. Differing from all members of the
Unciola group in the large, thorn-like posterior tooth
on article 2 of pereopods 3-7. From Rildardanus in the
thin, unsculptured antenna 2. From Liocuna in the loss
of the inner ramus on uropod 2, larger gnathopod 1 with
short, lobed. carpus, and thicker, shorter simple
gnathopod 2 with carpus elongate and dactyl
reduced.
See Pseudunciola and Ritaumius.
Species. Uncinotarsus pellucidus L'Hardy & Truchot,
1964 (Toulmand & Truchot, 1964) [242].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, France,
Finisterre, near lIe de Batz, 50 m, I species.
Unciola Say
Figs 42D, 45P, 46D
Unciola Say, 1818: 388.-Stebbing, 1906: 676.-J.L.
Bamard, 1969c: 197.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 23."-Karaman,
1981a: 14.
Glauconome Kr~yer, 1845: 501 (homonym) (Glauconome
leucopis Kr~yer, 1845, monotypy).
Dryope Bate, 1862: 276 (homonym) (Unciola trrorata
identification of Gosse, 1855 (= Dryope ,crenatipalma
Bate, 1862, fide Stebbing, 1906), here selected).
Type species. Unciola irrorata Say, 1818, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body cylindrical, often dorsally
corrugated, or smooth, slightly depressed, urosomites
free, I ordinary. Rostrum long, thorn-like, ocular lobes
short, pointed or blunt; antennal sinus weak to
moderate. Eyes small or absent. Antennae, of various
237
lengths, sometimes nearly subequal, or I longer than 2,
1 slender, antenna 2 stout in
peduncular article 3
of antenna I various, usually I = 3, or 3 shorter than I,
article 2 longest, accessory flagellum 2 to 4-articulate.
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short or scarcely
elongate, peduncle stout in male but articles 4-5 often
tapering strongly distad, rarely sculptured, article 4
dominant, flagellum short. Epistome unproduced
anteriorly. Labrum subrounded, barely incised. Mandible
normal, palp strong, slender, article 3 rectolinear,
shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes, with welldeveloped inner lobes, mandibular lobes long, / blunt.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular. or ovate, with 4
apical setae, outer plate with 9 spines, palp 2-articulate.
Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with mediofacial
row of setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal
spines, outer plate short, reaching halfway to apex of
palp article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4
articles, article 2· long, article 3 unlobed, article 4
moderate, with medium nail and setae.
Coxae very small, short, discontiguous, of various
sizes and shapes, progressively shorter from I to 4,
often spiniform or,. angular, coxa I dilated, produced
forward, coxa 2 longer than 1, often produced or
dilated, coxa 4 shorter than coxa I, not lobed, coxa 5 as
long as 4, coxa 7 smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, densely setose, gnathopod I
greatly,. larger than 2, subchelate, article 2 dilated,
article 5 short, shorter than 6, lobed, article 6 large to
very large, dactyl large. Gnathopod 2 feeble,
parachelate, subchelate or almost simple, with article 2
not dilated, very setose, article 5 as long as or longer
than 6, unlobed, article 6 more slender than article 5,
dactyl short or strongly reduced.
Pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopods, similar, wit~
slender article 2, article 4 not dilated, dactyls .short.
Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other, progressively
longer, with' linear article 2; pereopod 5 slightly shorter
than pereopod 7, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short, curved,
without accessory spine on outer margin, with several
inner marginal setae. Sternal processes of thorax
[undescribed]. Coxal gills present on segments 2-6.
Pleopods [undescribed]. Epimeron 3 bisinuate, with
tooth. Uropods I-2biramous, stout, rami slightly
unequal, shorter than peduncle, .peduncle of uropod I
with or without ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 very
short, uniramous, single ramus short, I-articulate, obtuse
and setose distally, peduncle longer than ramus but
very short, dilated medially. Telson entire, short, as
broad as long, ovate, poorly armed.
Female. Antenna 2 more slender. Coxae different
from male, usually shorter and less modified.
Gnathopods like those of male but occasionally smaller.
Oostegites broad, present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak. Antenna 2, coxae.
Variables. Slight sculpture of male antenna 2;
mediofacial row of setae on inner plate of maxilla 2
238
Records of the Australian Museum
Su{>ple:meJnt 13 (Part 1)
often
setae also occasionally
small differences in
of coxae
of
on male gnathopod 1;
shape and
gnathopod 2, article 6 short or long, palm well
developed,
article 2 of
pereopods 5-7
or not; epimeron 3
lacking tooth (U.
uropod 3, medial
dilation of peduncle often resembling ramus, spine
and setal patterns variable, this dilation formed into
ramus, therefore uropod 3 biramous (U. crassipes).
Relationship. Differing from the Siphonoecetes
group in the normal pereopods 5-6 which are like 7 and
have a more or less regular free article 5, free
article 5 of pereopods 3-4 not being enveloped by
article 4, in the non-inflated article 2 of pereopods 3-4,
the bisinuate epimeron 3, weaker recessment of
antenna 2, normal mandibular palp, and the
dominance of gnathopod 1. From Pterunciola in the
presence of a tooth on epimeron 3, the angular coxae
and in article 3 of the mandibular palp being shorter
than article 2.
See Camacho, Corophium, Grandidierella, Liocuna,
Neohela, Parunciola, Pedicorophium, Pseudunciola,
Uncinotarsus and Uncialella.
Removals. See Pedicorophium, Pseudunciola,
Pterunciola and Rildardanus.
Species. Unciola crassipes Hansen, 1888
(Stephensen, 1944c) (Gurjanova, 1951) [220B]; U.
crenatipalma (Bate, 1862) (= U. crenatipalmata, lapsus of
Bate & Westwood, 1863) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925)
(Lincoln, 1979a) (Arresti et al., 1986a) [240]; U. dissimilis
Shoemaker, 1945c (Bousfield, 1973) [363 + B]; U.
incerta Bonnier, 1896 (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) [353]; u.
inermis Shoemaker, 1945c (Bousfield, 1973) (Dickinson
et al., 1980) [361]; ?U. integripleura Ledoyer, 1986
[618B]; U. irrorata Say, 1818 (Stebbing, 1888)
(Shoemaker, 1945c) [361 + B]; U. laticornis Hansen, 1888
(Stephensen, 1944c) (Shoemaker, 1945c) (Gurjanova,
1951) [350 + BA]; U. leucopis (Kr~yer, 1845, 1846a) (Sars,
1895) (Stephensen, 1944a) (Shoemaker, 1945c)
(Gurjanova, 1951) [250 + B]; U. petalocera (Sars, 1879,
1885, 1886) (Stephensen, 1942, 1944c) (GuDanova, 1951)
[220 + B]; U. planipes Norman, 1867a (Sars, 1895)
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Stephensen, 1942) (Lincoln,
1979a) (= U. leucopes Bate & Westwood, 1868) (= U.
kroyeri Boeck, 1871b) (= U. steenstrupi Boeck, 1871b)
[216]; U. serrata Shoemaker, 1945c (Bousfield, 1973)
(Myers, 1981d) [363]; U. spicata Shoemaker, 1945c
(Dickinson et ai, 1980) [362 + B]; U. tenuipes Chevreux,
1919-20, 1927 [441]; "species" A, "species" B, Dickinson
et al. 1980 [363].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cold North
Atlantic and Arctic outliers, Arctic Ocean, well
developed. in bathyal and .abyssal, but in shallow
water south to Florida and France, 0-3235 m, 14
species.
Unciolella Chevreux
Fig.42G
Unciolella Chevreux, 1911d: 264.-J.L. Bamard, 1969c: 197.J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 23.
Type species. Unciolella lunata Chevreux, 1911 d,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body cylindrical, slightly depressed,
provided with urosomal teeth, urosomites free, 1
ordinary. Rostrum absent; ocular lobes obsolescent,
pointed or blunt (type); antennal sinus moderate. (Head
as long as pereonites 1-2 together in type). Eyes
weak. Antennae long, 1 longer than 2, both slender,
peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 slightly shorter than 1,
article 2 longest, accessory flagellum 1 to 2-articulate.
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 short, flagellar articles
few. Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labrum rounded,
entire. Mandible normal, palp strong, stout, article 3
falciform or clavate (type), as long as 2. Labium with
entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes,
mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1
triangular, large, with 1 apical seta, outer plate with 9
spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2. ordinary,
inner plate with mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate
of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate short, not
reaching apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial
margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 scarcely elongate,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 short, with short setae.
Coxae very small, short, discontiguous, coxa 1 not
dilated, not produced forward, coxa 2 also short, coxa
4 not longer than coxa 1, unlobed, coxa 5 as long as 4,
coxae 6-7 smaller than anterior coxae. Gnathopods 1-2
almost alike, of subequal size, small, gnathopod 1
slightly larger than 2, gnathopod 1 in male subchelate,
article 2 with toothed plate, palm short and oblique,
article 5 of both gnathopods as long as 6, unlobed, dactyl
short.
Pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopods, similar, with
slender article 2, article 4 dilated, dactyIs long.
Pereopods 5-7 similar to each other, progressively
longer, with linear article 2, pereopod 5 much shorter
than pereopod 7, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 curved, short
to medium in length. Sternal processes of thorax
present [but not known in type]. Coxal gills
[undescribed]. Pleopods normal. Epimeron 3 not
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal, rami of
uropod 2 slightly unequal, shorter than peduncle,
peduncle of uropod 1 with ventrodistal process. Uropod
3 small, short, uniramous, peduncle shorter than
ramus, slightly dilated medially, single ramus
1"'articulate, narrow, with few apical armaments.
Telson entire, short, vestigial, broader than long,
pentagonal, emarginate apically, with 2 hooked apical
cusps.
Female. Gnathopods small, like male, article 2 of
gnathopod 2 slender. Oostegites [?narrow, present on
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Am.phlpocla
Sexual
article
2 of male gn,Un()pOlQ
Variables.
flagellum 3-articulate
ocular lobe pointed, mandibular palp article
3 falcate, outer plate of maxilla 1 with 11 spines,
peduncular process on uropod 1 obsolete, ramus of
uropod 3 with second article (U. spinosa); article 2 of male
gnathopod 2 with huge toothed plate (type); carpi of
gnathopods 1-2 longer than propodi (U. spinosa).
Relationship. Differing from Unciola in the nonangular coxae and in the same ways as in Parunciola.
From Grandidierella in the unmodified male gnathopod
1.
See Camacho, Janice, Neohela and Parunciola.
Species. Unciolella articulata Ledoyer, 1978a, 1982b
[698]; U. foveolata K.H. Bamard, 1955 (Griffiths, 1975)
[743]; U. lunata Chevreux, 1911d, 1927 (Nagata, 1965c)
(Myers, 1982a) [340]; U. spinosa Griffiths, 1974b, 1975
(Ledoyer, 1979a, 1982b) [745].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, western Indian
Ocean to South Africa, Mediterranean, 12-205 m, 4
species.
Varohios I.L. Barnard
Varohios I.L. Bamard, 1979b: 34.
Type species. Varohios topianus J.L. Bamard, 1979b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes long, produced forward, blunt;
antennal sinus deep. Eyes medium. Antennae of
medium length, subequal, both slender, peduncular article
3 of antenna 1 as long as 1, article 2 longest,
accessory flagellum 2-articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular
article 3 slightly elongate. Epistome unproduced
anteriorly. Labrum subrounded. Mandible normal, palp
strong, article 3 clavate, shorter than 2. Labium with
entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes,
mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla
1 short, with 1 apical seta, outer plate 'with 9 spines,
palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla ordinary, narrow,
inner plate with' mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate
of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate short,
reaching halfway· to apex of palp article 2, with spines
on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long,
article 3 unlobed, article 4 short, with long nail and
setae"
Coxae ordinary, weakly overlapping, not
239
from 1 to 4, coxa 1 scarcely
coxa 2 also short, coxa
4 not
than coxa 1, not
coxa 5 as long as
4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae.
1-2
setose, gnathopod 1
greatly larger than 2, gnathopod 1 in male strongly
propodochelate, with
6 articles, articles 4-5 fused,
short, unlobed, article 6 very large, dactyl huge,
forming pincers, with large inner boss. Gnathopod 2
weakly subchelate, almost simple, feeble, article 5
slightly shorter than 6, unlobed, dactyl long~
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 barely dilated, dactyls short. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, progressively longer, pereopod 5
shorter than and different from pereopods 6-7, with
broader, almost lobed article 2, dactyl of pereopods 57 short, curved, without tooth on outer margin.
Sternal processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills
[undescribed, present on segments ?2-6]. Pleopods
normal. Epimeron 3 weakly bisinuate. Uropods 1-2
biramous, normal, uropod 2 stout, rami slightly unequal,
inner longer than peduncle, peduncle of ufopod 1
with ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 small, biramous, both
rami short, subequal, obtuse distally, peduncle as long as
rami, outer ramus with small article 2. Telson entire,
short, as broad as long, ovate or semicircular, with 2
hooked apical cusps.
Female. Gnathopods small, gnathopod 2 slightly
larger than 1, weakly subchelate, article 5 shorter than
6, unlobed. Oostegites [?moderately narrow, present
on segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods.
Relationship. .Differing from Pseudomegamphopus
in the chelate gnathopod 1 with pincer-like claws; P.
chelatus is a partial intergrade because gnathopod 1
is only slightly chelate. From Aloi/oi in the chelate
male gnathopod 1 and· small gnathopod ,2.
Neomegamphopus has a carpochelate gnathopod 1
with. large boss on the propodus; if the dactyl of that
taxon disappeared, gnathopod 1 would resemble that
of Varohios.
Species. Varohios chelatus (Walker, 1904) (Nayar,
1967) [665]; V. pseudochelatus (Ledoyer, 1982b) (= V.
chelatus Ledoyer, 1979a, homonym) [698]; V. topianus
I.L. Bamard, 1979b [540].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, eastern tropical
Pacific to Madagascar, 0 rn, 3 species.
[Ischyroceridae] Ventojassa I.L. Bamard
Figs 47A, 48D
Ventojassa I.L. Bamard, 1970a: 204.-J.L. Bamard, 1972b:
135.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 26.
240
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
ventosa J .L.
Barnard,
Diagnosis.. Body
compressed,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, almost pointed, antennal sinus
deep. Eyes ordinary. Antennae equal, both slender,
peduncular article 3 of· antenna 1 longer than 1, articles
2-3 longest, accessory flagellum 2 to 3-articulate.
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 scarcely elongate.
Epistome produced anteriorly. Labrum subrounded,
entire. Mandible normal, palp strong, article 3 clavate,
shorter than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes', with
well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes long,
pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, short, with 1
seta, outer plate with [?9] spines, palp 2-articulate.
Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate [?with mediofacial
row of setae]. Inner plate of maxilliped [?with· distal
spines, outer plate normal, not reaching apex of palp
article 2, with spines on medial margin, palp with 4
articles, article 2 long, article 3 unlobed, article 4
medium,with long nail and setae].
Coxae relatively short, strongly overlapping, not
progressively elongate from 1 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated,
not produced forward, coxa 2 also short but wider than
1, coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5
longer than 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior
coxae. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, gnathopod 2 greatly
larger than 1, gnathopod 1 in male subchelate, article 5
long, almost linear, unlobed, longer than 6. Gnathopod
2 enlarged, subchelate, with article 2 dilated distally,
article 5 very short, lobed, article 6 dilated, dactyl
long.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 slightly dilated, dactyIs short. Pereopods 5-7
similar to each other, 'progressively longer, almost
prehensile, pereopod 5 shorter than pereopods 6-7,
pereopods 5-7 with broad lobed article 2, dactyl of
pereopods 5-7 short, curved, without accessory spine
on outer margin. Sternal processes of thorax
[undescribed]. Coxal gills [undescribed, present on
segments ?2- 6]. Pleopods [undescribed]. Epimeron 3
bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, norriial to stout, rami
unequal, shorter (1) or as long as (2) peduncle, spines
stout, peduncle of uropod 1 with ventrodistal proce'Ss.
Uropod 3 small, biramous, peduncle elongate, scarcely
longer .than rami, both rami short, outer recurved
apically, with apicolateral hooks, and 1-3 wirelike
dorsolateral setae; inner ramus longer than outer ramus,
narrow, tapering and with few armaments mostly apical.
Telson entire, as broad as long, triangular, pointed
apically, with 2. or more hooked apical cusps.
Female. Oostegites [?moderately broad,· present on
segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. None.
Variables. Gnathopodal shapes, proportions and
palmar sculpture; female gnathopod2 weakly different
from male
article 2 of pereopods 6-7
crenulate
pereopod 6 stout
.
peduncle of uropod 2 with well developed spur
urosomal appendages and their
neotenic
and stouter, thus
Relationship. Differing from
ischyrocerids- in
the presence' of long wire-like setae on the outer
ramus of uropod 3 in adults. Otherwise like Parajassa
but bearing an easily visible accessory flagellum.
See Bathyphotis.
Species. Ventojassa crenulata Ledoyer, 1979a, 1986
[698]; V. frequens (Chilton, 1883) (J.L. Bamard, 1972b)
(Griffiths, 1975) (= V. latipes Chilton, 1884a) [775+ ?760];
V. georgiana Schellenberg, 1931 (K.H. Barnard, 1932)
(Thurston, 1974b) [880];V. ventosa (I.L. Barnard,
1962a, 1970a) (Ledoyer, 1978b, 1979a, 1986) (Myers,
1985c) [600].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, eastern Pacific,
tropical Indo.. Pacific, New Zealand, Antarctica, 0.. 34 m,
4 species.
Xenocheira Haswell
Figs 45E, 46E
Xenocheira Haswell, 1879a: 272.-Stebbing, 1906: 624.-J.L.
Bamard, 1969c: 156.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 23.
Type species. Xenocheira fasciata Haswell, 1879a,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Female. Most of the details are taken
from X. seurati. Body slightly depressed, laterally
compressed, smooth, normal, urosomites free, urosomite
1 ordinary. Rostrum short, ocular lobes short, blunt,
antennal sinus weak. Eyes medium. Antennae long, 1
longer than 2, both slender, peduncular article 3 of
antenna 1 shorter than 1, article 2 longest, accessory
flagellum 2-articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
short, flagellum short, 3 to 4-articulate. Epistome [?un
produced anteriorly]. Labrum [?subrounded, entire].
Mandible .normal, palp strong, article 3 semi-falciform,
longer than 2. Labium with entire outer lobes, with
well-developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes long,
pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, small, with 1
apical seta, outer plate with 10 spines, palp 2-articulate.
Plates of maxilla 2. ordinary, [?with only mediomarginal
setae]. Inner plate of maxilliped with distal spines, outer
plate normal, not reaching apex of palp article 2, with
spines on medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2
long, article 3 unlobed, article 4 medium, with short
setae.
Coxae· relatively short, strongly overlapping, slightly
progressively elongate from 1 to 4,coxa 1 not dilated,
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
barely produced forward, coxa 2 also short, coxa 4
barely longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as
long as 4, coxae 6-7 much smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 diverse, in female of subequal size,
feeble, both with linear articles, densely setose,
gnathopod 1 slightly larger than 2, weakly subchelate,
articles 4 and 5 short and appositional, unlobed, palm
short and almost transverse, article 6 much longer than
5, slender. Gnathopod 2 weakly subchelate or simple,
feeble, linear, with articles 2,4,5 very setose, with
article 4 enlarged, extended' and fused distally along
posterior margin of article 5, article 5 almost as long as
6, larger than 6, anteriorly lobed, article 6 long and
more slender than article 5, dactyl reduced.
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7 similar to
each other, progressively longer, pereopod 5 much
shorter than 7, pereopods 5-7 with broad almost lobed
article 2, dactyl of pereopods 5-7 short, curved. Sternal
processes of thorax [undescribed]. Coxal gills
[?present on segments ?2-6]. Pleopods normal.
Epimeron 3 not ·bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous,
normal, rami slightly unequal, much longer (2) than or
almost as long (1) as peduncle, peduncle of uropods 12 without ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 small,
biramous, peduncle shorter than rami, outer ramus 1articulate, rami long, subequal, narrow, tapering
and with few armaments. Telson entire, short,
broader than long, pentagonal, with 2 hooked apical
cusps.
Oostegites moderately broad [?present on segments
2-5].
Type male unknown. Coxae [possibly different
in male]. Otherwise gnathopod 1· larger than 2,
normally subchelate, article 5 shorter than 6,
unlobed.
Sexual dimorphism. Poorly known.
Variables. Accessory flagellum 4-articulate (X.
leptocheira); peduncle of antenna 2 slightly stout
(X. leptocheira); female gnathopod 1 with normal
articles 4-6, article 4 not greatly enlarged, article 5 as
long as 6, article 6 short, broad, with normal oblique palm
and dactyl (X. seurati); male and female gnathopod 1
normal as above but article 6 more slender and palm
weak (X. angusticarpa); male and female gnathopod 2
with article 4 only partly apposed along article 5 and
not lobate (X. angusticarpa, X. leptocheira); male
gnathopod 1 and coxa 1 enlarged like Lembos
(X. leptocheira and possibly male of X. fasciata in
Pirlot, 1938); article 2 of gnathopods 1-2 not setose
(X. leptocheira); article 2 of pereopods 5-7 narrow
(X. leptocheira); epimeron 3 bisinuate (X. leptocheira);
peduncle of uropods 1-2 with well-developed spur
(X. leptocheira) or weak (X. angusticarpa); .outer ramus
of uropod 3 with article 2 (X~ leptocheira).
241
Relationship. Close to Lembos and differing only by
the immense setosity of gnathopod 2; X. leptocheira,
formerly in Lembos, forms almost the perfect
intergrade between the two genera.
Species. Xenocheira ?angusticarpa Ledoyer,
1979a; 1982b [690]; X. fasciata Haswell, 1879a, 1885b
(K.H.Barnard, 1931b) (?Pirlot, 1938) [645]; X.
leptocheira (Walker, 1909b) (Ruffo, 1959a)
(?Sivaprakasam, 1968a) (Myers, 1975a) [660]; X. seurati
Chevreux, 1907a, 1908c (Schellenberg, 1938) (Ledoyer,
1984) [555].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Indo-Pacific,
from Gambier Archipelago to Madagascar and the
Great Barrier Reef, 6-38 m, 4 species.
Zoedeutopus J.L. Barnard
Zoedeutopus J.L. Bamard, 1979b: 37.
Type species. Zoedeutopus cinaloanus J.L. Barnard,
1979b, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
normal, urosomites free, urosomite 1 ordinary. Rostrum
short, ocular lobes short, blunt, antenna! sinus moderate
to deep. Eyes medium. Antennae medium-short, 1
scarcely longer than 2, both slender, peduncular article
3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, articles 1-2 longest,
accessory flagellum 2-articulate. Antenna 2 peduncular
article 3 short, main flagellar articles very few.
Epistome unproduced anteriorly. Labium subrounded,
entire. Mandible normal, palp strong, article 3
rectolinear, scarcely shorter than 2. Labium with entire
outer lobes, with well-developed inner lobes,
mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate of maxilla 1
ovate, short, with 2 lateral setae, outer plate with 9
spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary,
inner plate with mediofacial row of setae. Inner plate
of maxilliped with distal spines, outer plate normal,
exceeding apex of palp article '2, with spines on
medial margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long,
article 3 lobed, article 4 short, with medium nail and
setae.
Coxae
small,
relatively
short,
strongly
overlapping, progressively shorter from 1 to 4, coxa 1
dilated, produced forward, coxa 2 also short, coxa 4
shorter than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as
4, coxae 6-7 not much smaller than anterior coxae.
Gnathopods 1-2 alike, . . . of subequ.al·· size, large,
gnathopod' 1 in male weakly subchelate, palm short,
gnathopod 2 subchelate or chelate, article 5 of both
gnathopods 1-2 very much longer than 6, carpochelate
in ~males, article 6 mQre slender than article 5,
dactyls overlapping palms. Gnathopod 2 with article 2
dilated.
242
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Pereopods 3-4 normal, similar, with slender article
2, article 4
long. Pereopods 5-7 similar
to each other, progressively longer, pereopods 5-7
with broad unlobed article 2, pereopods 6-7 with
longer
dactyl of pereopods 5-7 curved,
without accessory spine on outer margin. Sternal
processes of thorax absent. Coxal gills [undescribed,
present on segments ?2-6]. Pleopods normal.
Epimeron 3 bisinuate. Uropods 1-2 biramous, normal,
rami slightly unequal, much longer (2) than or as
long as (1) peduncle, peduncle of uropod 1 with
ventrodistal process. Uropod 3 small, biramous,
peduncle shorter than rami, very short, outer
ramus with small article 2 and apical spines, inner
ramus shorter than outer ramus, narrow, tapering and
with few armaments mostly apical. Telson entire,
short, broader than long, ovate, with 2 hooked apical
cusps.
Female. Gnathopods feeble, gnathopod 2 scarcely
larger than 1, poorly subchelate, article 5 longer than
6, unlobed. Oostegites [?moderately narrow, present
on segments 2-5].
Sexual dimorphism. Strong. Gnathopods.
Relationship. Differing from Microdeutopus in the
deeply recessed antenna 2, short linear article 3 of the
mandibular palp bearing only terminal setae, presence
of facial but no apical setae on the inner plate of
maxilla 1, and in the presence of article 2 on the
outer ramus of uropod 3. From Acuminodeutopus and
allies in the simple article 3 of the mandibular palp.
The allies are Amphideutopus, Konatopus and
Neomegamphopus. Zoedeutopus differs from these
by the shorter inner ramus of uropod 3 (in those
allies the outer ramus is shorter than the inner
ramus).
See Rudilemboides.
Species. Zoedeutopus cinaloanus J .L. Barnard,
1979b [377].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Gulf of
California, 0 m, 1 species.
[Ishyroceridae] Siphonoecetinae Just, 1983b
Diagnosis. Article 5 of pereopods 5-6 short,
reniform, covered with cuticular scales, .article 4 of
pereopods 3-4 greatly dilated and partly enveloping
tiny reniform article 5. Mandibular palp 1 to
,2-articulate, article 1 always large and elongate, article
2 if present, tiny. Single ramus of uropod 3, if present,
much ·shorter than peduncle. Antenna 2 pediform.
Gnathopod 1 small, simple or poorly subchelate,
gnathopod 2 ·also small, weakly subchelate or simple.
Body cylindrical, coxae small and partly or fully
discontiguous.
See Camacho in Corophioidea above.
All members occupying portable abodes made by
cementing amphipod silk to environmental objects
such as shells, tubes, and hard or soft debris.
Common
characters
(eliminated
from
descriptions below). Body cylindrical, weakly depressed,
smooth. Eyes small. Antenna 1 slender, antenna 2 stout
or stouter; article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than article 1;
accessory flagellum vestigial or absent. Antenna 2
peduncle stout in male, more slender in female. Epistome
unproduced anteriorly. Mandible normal, palp strong.
Labium with entire outer lobes, inner lobes well
developed, mandibular lobes long, pointed. Inner plate
of maxilla 1 small or vestigial, lacking setae, palp 1 or 2articulate. Plates of maxilla 2 ordinary. Inner plate of
maxilliped with apical spines, outer plate with medial
spines.
Gnathopods diverse, subequal, small, article 5 of
gnathopod 1 elongate, linear, unlobed. Gnathopod 2
slightly stouter than gnathopod 2, with article 4
enlarged, incipiently merochelate, extended and fused
along posterior margin of article 5; article 5 shorter than
6, lobed; dactyl long.
Pereopods 3-4 alike, article 2 dilated, article 4
enveloping article 5, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-6 similar
to each other, short, article 2 poorly expanded;
pereopod 7 elongate, with slightly expanded strongly
setose, unlobed article 2, articles 4-6 elongate or much
more so than in pereopods 5-6. Sternal processes
absent. Pleopods with dilated peduncle. Epimeron 3 not
bisinuate. Telson with 2 apical patches of hooks.
Oostegites narrow.
Relationship. Siphonoecetines are very close
to Cerapus, Baracuma and Runanga because article
5 of pereopod 5 is short, lunate and enveloped
by lobesfrom article 4 and the telson has patches of
dorsal hook-denticles. The mentioned genera differ
from siphonoecetines in the carpochelate male
gnathopod 2 and the normal article 5 of pereopods
3,4,6.
Corophium differs from siphonecetines in the lack
of hooks on the telson, the lesser envelopment of
article 5 on pereopods 3 to 4, linear gnathopod 1,
filtrative and merus-extended gnathopod 2 and the lack
of scales on article 5 of pereopods 5 to 6.
Unciola differs from siphonoecetines in the
lack of hooks on the telson, the .dominant
gnathopod 1, the well-developed 3-articulate
mandibular palp, a large tooth on epimeron 3, less
dominant male antenna 2, presence of welldeveloped accessory flagellum,
unexpanded
peduncles of the pleopods, and normal article 5 of
pereopods 3-6.
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
243
Key to Genera of Siphonoecetinae
(Emended from Just, 1983b)
Coxae 3-4 with smooth margins and normal setae;
dactyl of pereopods 5-7 with strong accessory tooth;
uropod 2 present
2
--Coxae 3-4 with dentate margins bearing stout pectinate
setae; dactyl of pereopods 5-7 without accessory tooth;
uropod 2 absent
6
2.
3
1.
Uropod 2 biramous
--Uropod 2 uniramous
3.
"
4
Strong subrostral projection present
Australoecetes
--Subrostral projection absent
4.
Siphonoecetes
Urosomites 1-2 dorsally fused
Bubocorophium
--Urosomites 1-2 dorsally free
5.
Depression above rostrum absent;
flagellum on antenna 2 with 1 spine
5
article
1 of
Borneoecetes
--Rostrum present, offset from dorsum by depression;
article 1 of flagellum on antenna 2 with many spines
Rhinoecetes
6.
Africoecetes
Uropod 3 with articulated ramus
--Uropod 3 lacking ramus
7.
7
Telson free (but proximal margin hidden by urosomite
2); gnathopod 2 strongly subchelate
Concholestes
--Telson fused dorsally to urosomite 3; gnathopod 2
simple8
8.
Dactyl of pereopod 7 well developed
--Dactyl of pereopod 7 vestigial
Africoecetes Just
Africoecetes Just, 1983b: 17.
Type species. Concholestes armatus Griffiths, 1974c,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Urosomites 1-2 free, 3 coalesced with
telson. Rostrum short, thom-like,pointed, lacking subrostral
projection, ocular lobes elongate, produced forward and
downward, blunt. Antennal sinus deep. Antenna 1 much
shorter than 2, article 2 longest. Antenna 2 peduncular
segment 3 slightly elongate. Epistome [?un produced
anteriorly]. Labrum [subrounded]. Mandibular palp with
Caribboecetes
Corocubanus
only 1 article. Labium [?with entire outer lobes, with well-:developed inner lobes, mandibular lobes long, pointed].
Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, short, without setae,
outer plate with 6 spines, palp ~-articulate. Maxilla 2 inner
plate with mediofacial row of setae. Maxilliped palp article
4 long, with long nail and setae.
Coxae small, relatively elongate, 3-5 not contiguous,
1-2 and 6-7 weakly overlapping, of various sizes .and
shapes, progressively but scarcely elongate from 1 to 4,
coxa 1 dilated, produced forward, coxa 2 larger than 1,
weakly, coxa 4 not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4,
coxae 6-7 smaller than anterior coxae; coxae 3-4 with
dentate margin and stout pectinate setae. Gnathopod 1
slightly longer than 2, 1 in male simple. Gnathopod 2
weakly subchelate, with articles 2-3 dilated, very spinose,
244
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
long. Dactyls of pereopods 5-7 short, geniculate,
without accessory tooth. Coxal gills on segments 4-6.
Pleopods [undescribed].
Uropod ·1 biramous, stout, rami strongly unequal,
outer as long as peduncle, inner ramus much shorter
than outer. Dropod 2 absent. Dropod 3 small, single
ramus short, obtuse and setose distally, peduncle
dilated medially, with few short simple setae. Telson
entire, short, broader than long, softly triangular.
Female. Oostegites narrow, reduced.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak.
Relationship. Differing from Concholestes in the
presence of a ramus on uropod 3.
See Caribboecetes.
Species. Africoecetes armatus (Griffiths, 1974c) (Just,
1983b, 1984a) [700B].
shorter than outer, not hooked, peduncle of uropods
1-2 with moderate ventrodistal process, that of uropod
2 smaller. Uropod 3 small, single ramus shorter than
peduncle, obtuse and setose distally, peduncle dilated
medially, armed with several weak simple setae. Telson
entire, short, broader than long, subrectangular.
Female. Antenna 2 more slender. Oostegites
narrow, reduced, present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak.
Variables. See Key to Subgenera. Species of
(Stebbingoecetes) with incised upper lip, mandibular
palp flattened (versus subcylindrical), pleopodal
peduncles even more broadened, inner rami of
uropods 1-2 tapering. more strongly.
Relationship. Differing from Siphonoecetes in the
rostral area, the true rostrum vestigial with a large false
rostrum situated below the vestigial rostrum.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, South Africa, 200
rn, 1 species.
Key to Subgenera of Australoecetes
Australaecetes Just
Australoecetes Just, 1983b: 128.
(Stebbingoecetes) Just, 1985: 333 (Siphonoecetes australis
Stebbing, 1910a, original designation) [valid subgenus].
Type species. Siphonoecetes sellicki Sheard, 1936c,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Urosomites 1-2 free, 3 not coalesced
with telson. Rostrum vestigial, sharp, anterior keel below
this with long, thorn-like false rostrum, ocular lobes
elongate, .produced forward, blunt. Antennal sinus
moderate. Antenna 1 shorter than 2, peduncular articles
1-2 longest. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 slightly
elongate, flagellum with 1 long, 1 short and 2 tiny
articles. Labrum subrounded, entire. Mandibular palp
with 2 articles, article 2 tiny. Inner plate of maxilla 1
vestigial, outer plate with 6 spines, palp 2-articulate.
Maxilla 2 inner plate with only mediomarginal setae.
Maxilliped outer plate reaching apex of palp article 2,
palp article 4 long, with medium nail and setae.
Coxae very small, relatively short, anteriorly
weakly overlapping, of various sizes and shapes,
progressively shorter from 1· to 4, coxa 1 not dilated,
barely produced forward, coxa 4 not lobed, coxa 5 as
long as 4, coxa 7 smaller than anterior coxae; coxae 34 with smooth margin and normal setae. Gnathopod 1 in
male simple, article 5 ,medium. Gnathopod 2 slightly
larger than 1, weakly subchelate, with article 2 barely
dilated, article 5 barely shorter than 6, dactyl short.
Dactyls of pereopods 5-7 short, geniculate, with
accessory tooth.. Coxal gills present on. segments 3-6.
Uropods 1-2 biramous, stout, inner rami much
Most flagellar articles of antenna 1 with ventral spines,
peduncular articles 4-5 of antenna 2 with lateral and
medial transverse rows of long setae, inner rami of
uropods 1-2 lacking apical spine
.
.
("A")(Australoecetes)
Flagellar articles of antenna 1 lacking ventral spines,
lateral and medial setae on articles 4-5 of antenna 2
weak, inner rami of uropods 1-2 with apical spine(s) ...
....................................................... ("S ")(Stebbingoecetes)
Species. Species marked with symbols in key
above ("X"); "s" A. australis (Stebbing, 1910a) (Just,
1983b, 1985) [784]; "s" A. jervisi Just, 1985 [781]; "A" A.
sellicki (Sheard, 1936c) (Just, 1983b, 1985) [780].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, southern
Australia, 0-124 m, 3 species.
Borneoecetes Barnard & Thomas
Borneoecetes Bamard & Thomas, 1984: 873.
Type species. Borneoecetes wongi Bamard & Thomas,
1984, original designation.
Diagnosis. Urosomites 1-3 free, 3 not coalesced
with telson. Rostrum absent, lacking sub~ostral
projection and dorsal depression, ocular lobes·· short,
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean
blunt. Peduncular article 2 of antenna 1 scarcely
longest. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 elongate,
flagellum with 1 long, 1 short long and 2 tiny articles,
article 1 with 1 spine. Labrum subrounded, weakly
incised. Mandible palp with only 2 articles, article 2 tiny.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 vestigial, outer plate with 7
spines, palp I-articulate. Inner plate of maxilla with only
mediomarginal setae. Maxilliped outer plate not
exceeding apex of palp article 2, palp article 4 very
short, with medium nail and setae.
Coxae small, relatively short, weakly discontiguous,
of uniform sizes and shapes, progressively shorter from
1 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, produced forward, coxa 4 not
lobed, coxa 5 usually as long as 4, coxa 7 smaller than
anterior coxae; coxae 3-4 with smooth margin and
normal setae. Gnathopods 1-2 small, gnathopod 2
slightly larger than 1. Gnathopod 2 weakly subchelate,
with article 2 slightly dilated, dactyl long. Dactyls of
pereopods 5-7 short, geniculate, with accessory tooth
on outer margin. Coxal gills present on segments 3-6.
Uropod 1 biramous, stout, rami slightly unequal, not
hooked, peduncle of uropods 1-2 with moderate
pectinate ventrodistal process, that of uropod 2 smaller.
Uropod 2 with only 1 ramus, shorter than peduncle.
Uropod 3 very short, single ramus short, obtuse and
with 1 seta distally, peduncle weakly dilated medially,
with 1 seta. Telson entire, short, broader than
long,semicircular, with 2 apical patches of hooks.
Female. Antenna. 2 more slender. Oostegites narrow,
present on segments 2-5.
Amphip~da
245
Peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 slightly shorter than
1, article 1 longest. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
elongate, flagellum with 1 long, 1 medium and 2 tiny
articles, articles 1-3 spinose. Labrum subrounded,
incised. Mandible palp with only 1 article. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 vestigial, outer· plate with 6 spines, palp 2articulate. Inner plate of maxilla 2 with only
mediomarginal setae. Maxilliped palp article 4 long, with
medium nail and setae.
Coxae small, relatively short, only 1-2 weakly
contiguous, of various shapes, coxa 1 dilated, produced
forward, coxa 4 not longer than coxa 1, not lobed, coxa
5 shorter than 4, coxa 7 much smaller than anterior
coxae; coxae 3-4 with simple margin and ordinary
setae. Gnathopod 1 simple. Gnathopod 2 slightly stouter
than 1, subchelate, with article 2 slightly dilated, very
setose, dactyl long. Dactyls of pereopods 5-7
geniculate, with accessory tooth. Coxal gills present on
segments 3-6.
Uropod 1 biramous, stout, peduncle with moderate
serrate ventrodistal process, rami slightly unequal, much
shorter than peduncle. Uropod 2 with only 1 ramus,
shorter than peduncle, peduncle also with ventrodistal
serrate margin. Uropod 3 small, single ramus shorter than
peduncle, .obtuse and setose distally, peduncle dilated
medially, armed with several simple setae. Telson
entire, short, broader than lo~g, semicircular.
Female. Antenna 2 more slender. Oostegites
narrow, present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak.
Relationship. Like Rhinoecetes but rostrum and
dorsal depression of head absent. Like Bubocorophium
but differing in the freely articulate urosomites 1 to 2,
the I-articulate palp of maxilla 1 and the lack of
pointed rostrum.
Species. Borneoecetes wongi Barnard & Thomas,
1984 [647].
Relationship. Differing from Siphonoecetes in the
loss of the inner ramus on uropod 2.
Species. Bubocorophium? conchicola (Gurjanova,
1938b, 1951) (Just, 1983b) [280]; B. tanabensis (Harada,
1971) (Karaman, 1981a) (Takamaru & Ochiai, 1982)
(Hirayama, 1984a) [395].
Habitat and· distribution. Marine, Japan and
Sea, 0-12 m, 2 species.
Japa:~
Habitat and distribution. Marine, North Borneo,
2-3 m, 1 species.
Caribboecetes Just
Bubocorophium Karaman
Bubocorophium Karaman, 1981a: 19.
Type species. Siphonoecetes tanabensis Harada, 1971,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Urosomites 1-2 coalesced dorsally, 3
not coalesced with telson. Rostrum short, thorn-like,
lacking subrostral projection, ocular lobes .moderate,
produced forward, blunt. Antennal sinus dee:p.
Caribboecetes Just, 1983b: 130.-Just, 1984b: 38.
Type species. Caribboecetes barbadensis Just, 1983b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Urosomites 1-2 free or occasionally 1-2 -or
2-3 partly fused, 3 coalesced with telson. Rostrum
short to long to absent, thorn-like, pointed, lacking
subrostral projection, ocular lobes elongate,
produced forward,
blunt.
Antennae nearly
subequal or 1 shorter than 2, peduncular article 3 of
246
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
antenna 1 slightly shorter than 1, article 2 longest.
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 scarcely elongate,
flagellum with 1 long, 1 shorter, and 2 tiny articles.
Mandibular palp with 2 articles, article 2 tiny.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, vestigial, outer plate
with 6 spines, palp 2-articulate. Inner plate of
maxilla 2 with mediofacial row of setae.
Maxilliped palp article 4 very short, with medium nail
and setae.
Coxae very small, relatively short, discontiguous, of
various sizes but shapes similar, progressively
shortened from 1 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, often
produced forward, coxa 2 often larger than 1, often
produced, coxa 4 often shorter or longer than coxa 1,
not lobed, coxa 5 usually much shorter than 4, coxa 6
much smaller than anterior coxae; coxae 3-4 with dentate
margin and stout pectinate setae. Gnathopod 1 simple.
Gnathopod 2 usually enlarged, weakly subchelate or
simple, with article 2 partly dilated, setose, article 6
often dilated, often with process on posterodistal
margin, dactyl long. Dactyls of pereopods 5-7
geniculate, without accessory tooth. Coxal gills present
on segments 4-6.
Uropod 1 biramous,.stout, peduncle without strong
ventrodistal process, inner ramus one third as long as
outer. Uropod 2 absent. Uropod 3 forming small, setose
leaf lacking rami. Telson entire, short, broader than
long, ovate or semicircular.
Female. Antenna 2 more slender. Oostegites
narrow, present on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak.
Variables. Body with or without anterodorsal
setular rows; article 1 of antenna 1 with setose
lateral wing (C.pterycornis); inner plate of maxilla 2
often .lacking mediofacial row of setae (per C.
crassicornis); coxa 1 occasionally with small
midposterior serrations or teeth, .coxae 3-4 often much
shorter than coxae 1-2 (per C. pterycornis);
gnathopods 1-2 simple but often w.ith sharp tooth at
palmar area.
Relationship. Differing from Concholestes in the
free telson and subchelate gnathopod 2. From
Africoecetes in the loss of ramus on uropod 3. From
other siphonoecetines in the loss of uropod 2.
Concholestes Giles
Fig.46B
Concholestes Giles 1888: 238.-Stebbing, 1906: 663.J.L. Bamard, 1969c: 190.-J.L. Bamard, 1973b: 16.-Just,
1983b: 131.
Type species. Concholestes dentalii Giles,
monotypy.
1888,
Diagnosis. Female. Body provided with dorsal
setose saddle on pleonite 1, urosomites 1-2 free, 3 not
coalesced with telson. Rostrum short, bifid laterally,
ocular lobes short to obsolescent, pointed; antennal
sinus weak. Peduncular articles 1-2 of antenna 1 longest.
Antenna 2 peduncular article 3 scarcely elongate,
flagellum with 1 long, 1 short article only. Epistome
[?unproduced anteriorly]. Labrum [?subrounded, entire].
Mandible palp with 1-2 articles, article 2 tiny. Labium
[?with entire outer lobes, with well-developed inner
lobes, mandibular lobes long, pointed]. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 ovate, short, outer plate with ?5 spines, palp 2articulate. Inner plate of maxilla 2 with only
mediomarginal row of setae. Maxilliped article 4 long,
with long nail, armed with row of fine spines along
inner margin.
Coxae very small, 1-2 relatively short, 3-4 longer, all
discontiguous, of various sizes and shapes,
progressively scarcely elongate from 1-2 to 3-4, coxa 1
dilated, slightly produced forward, coxa 4 not lobed,
coxa 5 much shorter than 4, coxae 6-7 smaller than
anterior coxae; coxae 3-4 with dentate margin and stout
pectinate setae. Gnathopod 1 simple. Gnathopod 2
enlarged, subchelate, with article 2 not dilated, dactyl
long. Dactyls of pereopods 5-7 short, geniculate,
without accessory tooth. Coxal gills present on
segments 3-6.
Uropod 1 biramous, stout, peduncle without
ventrodistal process, rami slightly unequal, outer almost
as long. as peduncle. Uropod 2 absent. Uropod 3
forming .small setose leaf lacking rami. Telson entire,
short, broader than long, ovate to semicircular.
Oostegites narrow, present .on segments 3-5.
Male.
Unknown. Antenna 2 [?thicker].
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Relationship. See Caribboecetes.
Species. Caribboecetes barbadensis Just, 1983b, 1984b
[491]; C. crassicornis Just, 1984b [460]; C. intermedia
Just, 1984b [491]; C. jenikarpae Just, 1984b [537]; C.
rnagellani Just, 1984b [641]; C. pterycornis Just, 1984b
[491]; C. squamiferus Just, 1984b [641]; "species" of Just,
1984b [544].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Caribbean
Sea, east tropical Pacific, Philippines, 0-54 m, 7
species.
Remarks. Just (1984a) is not certain the Madagascan
specimens he and Ledoyer (1979a, 1982b) report are the
same species as. the missing Giles types.
Species. Concholestes dentalii Giles, 1888 (?Ledoyer,
1979a, 1982b) (?Just, 1984a) [660].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Bay of Bengal
to Madagascar, 7-13 m, 1 species.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Corocubanus Ortiz & Nazabal
setose
several simple setae.
semicircular.
Corocubanus Ortiz & Nazabal, 1984a: 5.
Type species. Corocubanus
1984a, original designation.
Ortiz & Nazabal,
Possibly
Male. Unknown. Antenna 2
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Diagnosis. Like Caribboecetes but dactyl of
pereopod 7 vestigial.
Relationship.
247
synonymous
with
Caribboecetes.
Relationship. Characterised by the odd, depressed
margin above
Bubocorophium.
the
rostrum,
otherwise
like
Species. Rhinoecetes robustus Just, 1983b [781].
Species. Corocubanus guitarti Ortiz & Nazabal,
1984a [483c].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Australia, NSW,
12-20 m, 1 species.
Habitat and distribution. Freshwater, Cuba, cave,
species.
Siphonoecetes
Figs 39H, 42K, 45E, 460
Rhinoecetes Just
Rhinoecetes Just, 1983b: 125.
Type species. Rhinoecetes robustus Just,
original designation.
Kr~yer
1983b,
Diagnosis. Female. Urosomites 1-2 free, 3 not
coalesced with telson. Rostrum long, thorn-like,
displaced ventrad by dorsal depression, ocular lobes
moderate, produced forward, blunt. Antennal sinus
deep. Antenna 1 much shorter than 2, both slender,
peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 shorter than 1, article
2 scarcely longest. Antenna 2 peduncular article 3
elongate, flagellum with 1 long, 1 short long and 2 tiny
articles, article 1 well spinose. Labrum subrounded,
incised, almost bilobed. Mandibular palp with 2 articles,
article 2 tiny. Inner plate of maxilla 1 triangular, short,
outer plate with 6 spines, palp 2-articulate. Inner plate of
maxilla 2 with only mediomarginal setae. Maxilliped palp
article 4 long, with long nail and setae.
Coxae very small, relatively short, discontiguous, of
various sizes and shapes, not progressively elongate
from 1 to 4, ,coxa 1 dilated, produced forward, coxa 2
larger than 1, dilated, coxa 4 not lobed, coxa 5 nearly
as lon.g as 4, coxa 7 not much smaller than 'anterior coxae;
coxae 3-4 with smooth margin and normal setae.
Gnathopod 1 simple, slightly longer than 2. Gnathopod
2 slightly enlarged~ weakly subchelate, with article 2
not dilated, article 6 more slender than 5, dactyl long.
Dactyls of pereopods 5-7 short, geniculate". with
accessory tooth on outer margin. Coxal gills present on
segments 3-6. Oostegites narrow, present on segments
2-5.
Uropod 1 biramous, stout, peduncle without
ventrodistal process, rami strongly unequal. Uropod 2
with 1 ramus, ramus shorter than peduncle. Uropod 3
small, single ramus shorter than peduncle, obtuse and
Siphonoecetes Kr(Zjyer, 1845: 491.-Stebbing, 1906: .681.J.L. Barnard, 1969c: 197.-J.L. Barnard, 1973b: 23.Karaman, 1981a: 18.-Just, 1983b: 122.
(Centraloecetes) Just, 1983b: 124 (Siphonoecetes kroyeranus
Bate, 1857d, original designation) [valid subgenus].
(Orientoecetes) Just, 1983b: 124 (Siphonoecetes orientalis
Walker, 1904, original designation) [valid subgenus].
Type species. Siphonoecetes typicus Kr(Zjyer, 1845,
monotypy.
Diagnosis ,(full diagnosis given for only this genus
in Siphonoecetinae; replicative items eliminated in
diagnoses of similar genera). Body cylindrical,
depressed, smooth, urosomites 1-2 free, 3 not coalesced
with telson. Rostru~ short, thorn-like, pointed or blunt,
lacking subrostral projection, ocular lobes elongate,
produced forward, blunt. Antennal sinus deep. Eyes
weak. Antenna 1 much shorter than 2, 1 slender,
antenna 2 stout; peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 slightly
shorter than 1, article 2 longest, accessory flagellum
absent. Antenna 2 peduncular segment 3 elongate,
peduncle stout in male, flagellum with 1 long, 1 short
long and 2 tiny articles. Epistome unproduced
anteriorly. Labrum 'subrounded,entire or weakly
incised. Mandible normal, palp strong but very
slender, with only 2 articles, article 2 tiny. Labrum
with entire outer lobes, with well-developed
inner lobes, mandibular lobe's long, weakly pointed.
Inner plate of maxilla 1·· vestigial, lacking setae, outer
plate with 6 spines, palp 2-articulate. Plates. of
maxilla 2 ordinary, inner plate with or without
mediofacial row of setae, otherwise with
mediomarginal setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with
distal spines, outer plate normal, not exceeding
apex of palp article 2, with spines on medial
margin, palp with 4 articles, article 2 long, articl~ 3
248
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
unlobed, article 4 very
with long nail and
setae.
Coxae
discontiguous, of
various sizes and shapes, progressively shortened from
1 to 4, coxa 1 not dilated, occasionally produced
forward, coxa 2 larger than 1, weakly produced or not,
coxa 4 not lobed, coxa 5 nearly as long as 4, coxa 7
smaller than anterior coxae; coxae 3-4 with dentate
margin and stout pectinate setae. Gnathopods 1-2
diverse, small, first occasionally with linear articles,
gnathopod 1 slightly longer than 2, gnathopod 1 in male
poorly subchelate, article 5 longer than 6, unlobed.
Gnathopod 2 slightly enlarged, weakly subchelate or
simple,. with article 2 dilated, very spinose, article 5
shorter than 6, lobed, more slender than article 5, dactyl
long.
Pereopods 3-4 alike, unusual, with inflated article 2,
article 4 dilated, dactyls long. Pereopods 5-7 dissimilar to
each other, with weakly expanded article 2.
Pereopods 5-6 then 7 progressively longer; pereopods
5-6 shorter than and different from pereopod 7, with
broader, anteriorly lobed article 2, with short and
reniform article 5 like pereopods 3-4, pereopod 7 with
broad unlobed heavily setose article 2, articles 4-6
slender, dactyls of pereopods 5-7 short, geniculate, with
accessory tooth. Sternal processes of thorax
[undescribed].Coxal gills present on ,segments 3-6.
Pleopods with dilated peduncle. Epimeron 3 not
bisinuate.
Uropods 1-2 biramous, stout, rami slightly unequal,
much 'shorter than peduncle, inner ramus much shorter
than outer; peduncle of uropod 1 without ventrodistal
process. Uropod 3 small, single ramus shorter than
peduncle, obtuse and setose distally, peduncle dilated
medially, armed with several long apical pectinate
setae or not. Telson entire, short, broader than long,
ovate or softly triangular, with 2 apical patches of
hooks.
Female. Antenna 2 more slender. Oostegites narrow,
often reduced, on segments 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak.
Variables. See key to subgenera. Inner plate of
maxilla 2 with (S. kroyeranus) or without (S. arabicus)
facial row of setae, medial margin otherwise setose.
Inner rami of uropods 1-2 with 1 spine in apical
hollow (Siphonoecetes s.s.), lacking hollowed apex
(Centraloecetes, Orientoecetes).
l{el~ti()nshiJl. '..T~e .1110del . genus an4 coincideIltally
the most primitive In 'terms of normality in ros'trum
(thorn-like), uropods 1-2 (biramous), uropod 3 (with 1
ramus), gnathopod 2 (weakly subchelate, without
bizarre adaptations), and coxae 3-4 (normal setae not set
in notches). See keys and other genera.
Australoecetesappears closest .to Siphonoecetes
but differs in the displaced false rostrum;
Bubocorophium, Rhinoecetes and
lack
the inner ramus of uropod 2; and
Concholestes, Corocubanus and Caribboecetes lack all
of uropod 2.
Removals. Many species, see each genus in this
subfamily.
Key to Subgenera of Siphonoecetes
I.Distal margin of peduncle on uropod 3 with row of
long pectinate setae; males with bulbous apicoventral
process on peduncle of uropod 1
(Centraloecetes)
Distal margin of peduncle on uropod 3 with few
scattered short simple setae; male with unproduced but
often ragged apicoventral margin on peduncle of
uropod 1
2
2.Flagellum of antenna 2 with spines on articles 2-3 ....
................................................................. (Siphonoecetes)
Flagellum of antenna 2 with spines on articles 1-3
.
.................................................................. (Orientoecetes)
Species. See Griffiths (1973, 1974b), Miloslawskawa
(1931, 1939) (Mordhukhai-Boltovskoi, 1969)
(Schellenberg, 1942) (Stephensen, 1942). Listed by
subgenus: (SIPHONOECETES) S. arabicus Bamard &
Thomas, 1984 [673]; [So dubius Bate, 1856, nomen
nudum]; S. exolitus Hirayama, 1984a [395]; S. sabatieri
de Rouville, 1894 (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Myers,
1982b) [340]; S. smithianus Rathbun, 1905 (Bousfield,
1973) (= S. cuspidatus Smith, 1873)[260];S. typicus
Kr(tjyer, 1845, 1846a (Stephensen, 1944a) (Gurjanova,
1951) [220 + ?W); "species" = S. sabatieri of Reid, 1951
[444]. (CENTRALOECETES) S. dellavallei Stebbing,
1899b (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Gurjanova, 1951)
(Myers, 1982b) [339 + 743]; S. kroyeranus Bate, 1857d
(Myers & McGrath, 1979) (Lincoln, 1979a) (= S.
cuspidatus Metzger, 1871) (= S. whitei Bate, 1862,
homonym) (= S. colletti Boeck, 1871, Sars, 1895,
Chevreux & Fage, 1925) [240]; S. neapolitanus
Schiecke, 1978 (Myers, 1982b) [340]; S. pallidus Sars,
1883, 1895 (Gurjanova, 1951) [238 + B]; S. striatus
Myers & McGrath, 1979 (Lincoln, 1979a) [240].
(ORIENTOECETES) S. erythraeus' Ruffo, 1959, 1969
(Ledoyer, 1967a,b, 1982b) [690];8. orientalis Walker,
1904 (K.H. Bamard, 1937) (Nayar, 1967) (Griffiths, 1974c)
[660].
Habitat and distribution~ Marine, cosmopolitan,
mostly shallow and tropical, 0-282 m, 12 species.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
CRANGONYCTIDAE Bousfield, 1973
[see Bamard & Bamard
CRESSIDAE Stebbing, 1899a
Diagnosis. Accessory flagellum vestigial or absent.
Mandibular molar evanescent. Outer plates of maxilliped
small (Fig.49B). Coxa 1 small and mostly covered by
large following coxae; gnathopod 1 simple. Article 2 of
pereopod 5 weakly expanded (not rectolinear). Uropod
3 uniramous. Telson entire and fused to urosomite 3,
thus urosome appearing to have only 2 urosomites,
with urosomites 2-3 fused (in a technical sense).
See Stenothoidae, Amphilochidae, Leucothoidae,
Pagetinidae and Phliantidae.
Description. Body compressed laterally, often
strongly or weakly carinate, slick. Head large, free,
rostrate, with sharp ocular lobe, eyes present.
Antennal peduncles elongate, antenna 1 especially long,
article 2 of peduncle almost as long as 1, article 3
short, primary flagellum elongate. Antenna 2 more
slender and shorter than antenna 1. Labrum bilobed
(incised). Incisor of medium width, minutely toothed,
molar simple or absent, right lacinia mobilis apparently
present, rakers short but numerous; palp long, thin,
article 3 elongate but slightly shorter than article 2.
Lower lip composed of widely separated tilted oval
lobes without distinct· mandibular extensions astride
fused inner lobes. Maxillae weak, poorly armed, inner
plate of maxilla 1 rounded, outer plate with 7+ spines,
palp I-articulate; outer plate of maxilla 2 extending
much farther than inner plate. Inner plate of
maxilliped small, outer scarcely larger (small by
amphipodan measures), palp slender, dactyl well
developed, unguiform. Gills 2-?, small, ovate; oostegites
moderately expanded, well setose.
Coxae 2-4 large but variable in shape from
249
subquadrate to shoe-shaped, coxa 4 strongly excavate
or rounded posteriorly, never hugely shield-forming.
Gnathopod 1 feeble, with linear articles, carpus elongate,
underslung
merus, dactyl prominent. Gnathopod 2
small to medium, strongly subchelate, carpus short,
lobate, propodus weakly to strongly expanded, palm
oblique. Pereopods 3-7 slender, article 2 of pereopods
5-7 alike, weakly expanded, lobate or not.
Pleonites 1-3 slightly larger than any pereonites,
epimera ordinary. Pleopods ordinary. Uropods 1-3
extending subequally, elongate, outer rami of uropods
1-2 shortened, often poorly armed. Uropod 3 with
elongate peduncle bearing single long ramus of 2
articles. Telson scarcely longer than broad, usually
omamented with teeth or cusps.
Sexual dimorphism. Weak; gnathopod 2 of male
scarcely stronger, armaments of flagellum on antenna 1
stronger.
Relationship. The Stenothoidae (= Thaumtelsonidae)
often have urosomal fusion but apparently the telson is
always distinct from urosomite 3 and article 2 of pereopod
5 is always rectolinear.
The Leucothoidae and Anamixidae, especially
Anamixis, resemble Cressidae, but uropod 3 is biramous
and gnathopod 1 is either totally absent or fully
carpochelate (if the chelate article is always counted as
the carpus; otherwise the terminology is fully carpo-,
propodo- or merochelate). The telson of Leucothoidae
also is distinct from urosomite 3.
The Amphilochidae have biramous third uropods and
well-developed outer plates on the maxillipeds.
The Phliantidae have depressed bodies with
splayed coxae, coxa 1 is always large, the mandibular
palp is absent and the outer plates of the maxillipeds are
large.
The Pagetinidae have short antennae, large coxa 2,
and subchelate gnathopod 1.
Key to Genera of Cressidae
1.
Coxa 4 rectangular, excavate posterodorsally,
margin horizontal (Fig.49B)
ventral
~
--Coxa 4 shoe-shaped, without posterodorsal concavity,
ventral margin tilted obliquely (Fig.49A)
Cressa Boeck
Danaia Bate, 1857d: 137 (Danaia dubia Bate, 1857d,
monotypy) [homonym, Anthozoa].
Cressa Boeck, 1871b: 145.
species.
Cressa
schiodtei
Cressina
selected by Boeck, 1876.
Fig.49B,C
Type
Cressa
Boeck,
1871 b,
Diagnosis. Coxae 2~4 rectangular or subrectangular
or coxa 2 weakly shoe-shaped (with rounded and
protruding anterior margin and weakly excavate
ventral margin); coxa 4 strongly excavate
posterodorsally, thus bearing broad, sharply angular
posterior lobe, ventral margin horizontal (though often
short). ·OoStegites moderately expanded.
250
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Species. See Gurjanova (1951); Schellenberg, 1942);
Stephensen (1931a, 1938b); C. abyssicola Sars, 1879, 1885
(Stephensen, 1931a) [220B]; C. bereskini Gurjanova,
1936c, 1951 [216 + B]; C. carinata Stephensen, 1931a
[216B]; C. cristata Myers, 1969c (Ruffo, 1979, 1982f)
[340]; C. dubia (Bate, 1857d) (= C. schiodtei Boeck, 1871)
(Sars, 1895) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Lincoln,1979a)
[355]; C. mediterranea Ruffo, 1979, 1982f [340]; C. minuta
Boeck, 1871b (Sars, 1895) (Stephensen, 1928, 1929,
?1931a) [240]; C. quinquedentata Stephensen, 1931a
[209B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Arctic, north-
eastern Atlantic, shallow Mediterranean, 5-1505 rn, 8
species.
Cressina Stephensen
Fig.49A
Cressina Stephensen, 1931a: 204.
Type species. Cressina monocuspis Stephensen, 1931a,
monotypy.
~
B
B
B
A
B
B
r3
2
~
@
B
Fig.49. Cressidae. A, Cressina monocupis;· B, Cressa dubia; C, Cressa minuta.
~C
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
251
CYPROIDEIDAE I.L. Barnard, 1974b
Description. Body usually subglobular in lateral
view but strongly flattened from side to side, with
pereonites 3-4 enlarged, pleon often with grotesque
armour. Antenna 1 usually much stouter than antenna 2,
flagellum sparsely articulate, articles 2-3 occasionally
very short. Outer lobes of lower lip usually un-notched.
Palp article 3 of maxilliped with small apicodistal
process or tooth, palp generally very poorly armed,
usually with few thick pectinate spines. Propodi of
gnathopods often with sparse giant pectinate spines on
acclivities, dactyls often with large spearing thorns or
pectinations. Pereopods 3-4 usually elongate, 5-7
variable, often shortened, 6-7 often appearing shorter
(because of folding) than pereopod 5. Article 2 of
pereopod 5 rectolinear; article 2 of pereopods 6-7
variable, rectolinear or expanded in varying
combinations, often lobate posteroventrally.
Diagnosis. Coxae 3-4 immensely broadened, with
contiguous margins abutting or when weakly
overlapping fitting together along rabbeted acclivities;
coxae 1-2 very small, coxa 2 mostly hidden by coxa 3.
Peduncle of uropod 3 elongate. Telson entire.
Relationship. Like Stegocephalidae in the globular
body and lateral shield but differing from
Stegocephalidae in the reduction and cryptic form of
coxae 1-2.
Ecological position suspected to be commensalistic.
Diagnosis. Coxae 2-4 shoe-shaped, thus anterior
margins sinuous or protruding, or anteroventral corners
attenuate, or ventral margins excavate, or various
combinations of these shapes, coxa 4 rounded
posteriorly, without lobe or excavation, ventral margin
tilted obliquely. Oostegites very large (larger than in
Cressa).
Species. Cressina monocuspis Stephensen, 1931a
[216B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cold North
Atlantic and Norwegian Basin, 682-1906 m, 1 species.
Key 1 to Genera of Cyproideidae
1.
Article 2 of pereopod 7 linear, slender
2
- - Article 2 of pereopod 7 expanded
2.
3
Palm of· gnathopod 2 transverse, urosomite 3 vaulting
over small telson
Cyproidea
- - Palm of gnathopod 2 oblique, urosomite 3 not vaulting
over huge telson
Paracyproidea
3.
Urosomite 1 unkeeled (in middle), long or short
4
--. Urosomite 1 dorsally keeled, elongate
4.
7
Article 2 of pereopod 6 linear, slender
Mokuoloe
- - Article 2 of pereopod 6 expanded
5.
5
Gnathopod 2 almost simple, uropod 2 shortened, not
reaching end of uropod 3
·
Stegoplax
- - Gnathopod 2 subchelate, with oblique or transverse
palm, uropod 2 reaching apex of uropod 3
6.
Mandibular palp present
Peltocoxa
- - Mandibular palp absent
7.
Article 2 of pereopod 5 slender, linear
- - Article 2 of pereopod 5 expanded
6
Pseudopeltocoxa
~
8
~ ..
13
252
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
8.
Mandible with palp ..............................................•........................................................................ 9
- - Mandibular palp absent
9.
11
Article 2 of pereopod 6 rectangular
Terepeltopes
- - Article 2 of pereopod 6 expanded
10.
Gnathopod 1 slightly
attenuate nor tapering
subchelate,
10
propodusneither
Moolapheonoides
- - Gnathopod 1 simple, propodus tapering, attenuate
11.
Gnathopod 1 simple, palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate
- - Gnathopod 1 subchelate, palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate
12.
Article 2 of pereopod 6 basally expanded,
with process
Mandibular palp absent
12
Narapheonoides
Hoplopheonoides
14
- - .Mandibular palp present
14.
Hoplopleon
pleonite 3
--. Article 2 of pereopod 6 fully rectolinear, pleonite 3
lacking process
13.
Austropheonoides
15
Dactyls of gnathopods multitoothed, telson reaching apex
of rami on uropod 3, gnathopod 2 with palm
Unguja
- - Dactyls of gnathopods with 1 tooth, telson failing apex
of peduncle on uropod 3, gnathopod 2 lacking palm
Neocyproidea
15.
Gnathopod 2 simple, telson scarcely reaching apex of
peduncle on uropod 3
Peltopes
- - Gnathopod 2 subchelate, telson extending beyond apex
of outer ramus on uropod 3
Unyapheonoides
Key 2 to Genera of Cyproideidae
1.
Article 2 of at least pereopod 5 expanded
2
- - Article 2 of pereopod 5 rectolinear, others variable
2.
Mandibular palp absent
(see Key 1, couplet 14) Unguja, Neocyproidea
- - Mandibular palp . present
3.
4
3
Gnathopods subchelate, palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate,
telson over-reaching peduncle of uropod 3
Unyapheonoides
- - Gnathopbds· simple, palp ofniaxilla 12-articlllate, telson
not exceeding apex of peduncle on uropod 3
Peltopes
4.
Article 2 of pereopods 6-7 expanded .. ~
- - Article 2 of pereopod 6 rectolinear, of 7 variable
5
11
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
5.
Urosomite 1 short
6
- - Urosomite 1 elongate
8
6.
Mandibular palp absent
Pseudopeltocoxa
~
- - Mandibular palp present
7.
7
Telson huge, boat-shaped
Peltocoxa
- - Telson thin but elongate
8.
Stegoplax
Mandibular palp present
9
- - Mandibular palp absent
9.
Gnathopod
1
subrectangular
weakly
10
subchelate,
propodus
Moolapheonoides
- - Gnathopod 1 simple, propodus tapering and attenuate
Austropheonoides
10. Article 2 of pereopod 6 triangular, telson short, palp of
maxilla 1 I-articulate
Narapheonoides
- - Article 2 of pereopod 6 ovate, telson elongate, palp of
maxilla 1 2-articulate
Hoplopleon
11. Article 2 of pereopod 7 expanded
--Article 2 of pereopod 7 rectolinear ...
12
! •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
12. Urosomite
short, telson very elongate
--Urosomite
elongate, telson short
14
Mokuoloe
"' •............................................................. 13
13. Mandibular palp present, article 2 of pereopod 7
expanded ..........................................................................................•....................... Terepeltopes
- - Mandibular palp absent, article 2 of pereopod 7
triangular
Hoplopheonoides
14. Telson huge, boat-shaped, dominating uropoq 3
- - Telson small, not reaching
uropod 3
Paracyproidea
apex of peduncle on
Cyproidea
Key 3 to Genera of Cyproideidae
1.
Urosomite 1 short, ordinary
2
~
- - Urosomite 1 elongate
2.
Telson failing to reach apex of peduncle on uropod 3
- - Telson reaching or exceeding
uropod 3
apex of
7
Cyproidea
peduncle on
3
253
254
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
3.
Telson not vertically inflated
4
- - Telson vertically inflated or with large ventral keel
4.
5
Article 2 of pereopods 5-6 rectolinear
Mokuoloe
- - Article 2 of only pereopod 5 rectolinear
5.
Stegoplax
Article 2 of pereopods 5-7 rectolinear
Paracyproidea
- - Article 2 of pereopods 6-7 expanded, ovate
6.
6
Mandibular palp present
Peltocoxa
- - Mandibular palp absent
7.
Pseudopeltocoxa
Article 2 of pereopods 5-7 expanded, ovate
8
- - Article 2 of pereopod 5 rectolinear
8.
'
10
Palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate, gnathopods 1-2 simple
Peltopes
- - Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate, 1 or both pairs of
gnathopods subchelate
"'
9.
Mandibular palp present, gnathopod 1 subchelate, telson
exceeding peduncle of uropod 3
9
Unyapheonoides
- - Mandibular palp absent, gnathopod 1 nearly simple,
telson not over-reaching peduncle of uropod 3
............................. ~
(see Key r couplet 14) Unguja, Neocyproidea
u
10.
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Article 2 of pereopod 6 rectolinear
.
......................................................... (see Key 2 couplet 13) Terepeltopes, Hoplopheonoides
-'-, Article 2 of pereopods6-7 fully expanded
11.
11
Telson short, failing to reach apex of peduncle on
uropod 3, article 2 of pereopod 6 tapering distally
- - Telson elongate,
reaching apex
of peduncle
uropod 3, article 2 of pereopod 6 fully expanded
12.
Gnathopod 1 barely subchelate
,-,-
Gnathopod 1 simple
13.
Mandibular palp absent, palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate
Figs,24C, 25C
Austropheonoides J.L. Barnard, 1972b: 18.
Type species. Austropheonoides mundoe J.L: _Bamard,
1972b, original designation.
on
12
Moolapheonoides
13
- - Mandibular palppresent, palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate
Austropheonoides J.L. Barnard
Narapheonoides
Hoplopleon
Austropheonoides
Diagnosis. Mandible with 3-articulate palp. Palp of
maxilla 1 l . .articulate. Gnathopod 1 small, simple, weakly
carpochelate, propodus elongate, thin, attenuate,
tapering, dactyl medium to elongate and curved.
Gnathopod 2 small, subchelate, partly to fully
carpochelate, propodus rectangular, palm transverse,
weakly excavate to weakly chelate. Article 2 of
pereopod 5 rectolinear, of pereopods 6-7 expanded.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Urosomite 1 elongate, dorsally keeled; urosomite 3
unvaulted. Telson elongate, reaching apex of peduncle
on uropod 3.
Antenna 1 thick, uncuspidate. Mandibular molar
large, triturative. Lower lip ordinary. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 elongate, lanceolate, outer plate with about 8
main spines. Maxillipeds ordinary. Pleonite 3
unproduced posterodorsally. Outer rami of uropods 2-3
shortened.
Relationship. Differing from Hoplopleon in the
presence of the mandibular palp.
See Moolapheonoides, Peltocoxa and Stegoplax.
Species.. Austropheonoides mallee J.L. Barnard,
1974b [785]; A. mundoe J.L. Bamard, 1972b [787]; A.
splendens Moore, 1981b [783]; A. takkure J.L. Bamard,
1974b [785]; A. truganini Moore, 1981b [783].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cool temperate
Australia, littoral, 5 species.
255
Relationship. Differing from the StegoplaxPeltocoxa group in the small telson; from the many
genera in the Hoplopheonoides-Peltopes group by the
short urosomite 1.
See Paracyproidea.
Species.. Cyproidea liodactyla Hirayama, 1978 [395];
C. marmorata Moore, 1981b [783]; C. ornata Haswell,
1879b (= C. tecticauda Walker, 1904) (= C. crinita Spandl,
1924b) (Hale, 1929) (Schellenberg, 1938a, 1953) (K.H.
Bamard, 1926, 1940) (Ruffo, 1938b, 1959, 1969) (Ledoyer,
1967a, 1973a, 1978b, 1979a,b) (Nayar, 1959, 1967)
(Sivaprakasam, 1968a) (Rabindranath, 1972a) (J.L.
Barnard, 1972b) (Griffiths, 1974-1975) [600]; C.
serratipalma Schellenberg, 1938a (Ledoyer, 1984) [578 +
586].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, warm and
cool lndo-Pacific, including Australia, 0-27 m, 4
species.
Hoplopheonoides Shoemaker
Cyproidea Haswell
Figs 24G, 25A
Cyproidea Haswell, 1880b: 31.-Stebbing, 1906: 157.
Cyproidia [sic] Haswell, 1879b: 320 (published earlier than
1880b, but no type species described).
Gal/ea Walker, 1904: 256 (Gal/ea tecticauda Walker, 1904,
monotypy).
Type species. Cyproidia [sic] ornata Haswell, 1879b,
selected by J.L. Bamard, 1969a.
Diagnosis. Mandible with 3-articulate palp. Palp of
maxilla 1 I-articulate. Gnathopod 1 large, subchelate,
weakly carpochelate, propodus large, palm very
oblique; gnathopod 2 large, subchelate, fully
carpochelate, propodus small, palm almost transverse.
Article 2 of pereopods 5-7 rectolinear. Urosomite 1 not
elongate, not dorsally keeled; uropod 3 vaulting over
telsoll. Telson short, reaching middle of peduncle on
uropod 3.
Article 2 of antenna 1 dorsally crested and apically
toothed. Mandibular molar mediq!ll to small, poorly or not
triturative. Mandibular lobes of~lower lip obsolescent
(type) or not. Inner plate of maxilla 1 of medium size
(type) to very small, outer plate with 6-8 main spines.
Outer plate of maxilliped feeble. _Pleonite 3 unproduced
posterodorsally. Inner and outer rami of uropods 1-3
extending subequally.
Variables. Molar obsolescent (C. ornata); molar
medium and poorly triturative (C. liodactyla, C.
serratipalma).
Fig.25G
Hoplopheonoides Shoemaker, 1956: 61.
Type species. Hoplopheonoides obesa Shoemaker,
1956, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Mandibular palp absent. Palp of maxilla
1 I-articulate. Gnathopod 1 small, scarcely subchelate,
weakly carpochelate, propodus small, palm transverse or
parachelate; gnathopod 2 small, parachelate, not
carpochelate, propodus small, palm transverse, excavate.
Article 2 of pereopods 5-6 rectolinear, of pereopod 7
weakly expanded basally, subtriangular, tapering
distally. Pleonite 3 unproduced posterodorsally.
Urosomite 1 elongate, dorsally keeled; urosomite 3
unvaulted. Telson short, not reaching apex of peduncle
on uropod 3.
Antenna 1 thick, uncuspidate. Mandibular molar large,
triturative. [Lower lip unknown]. Inner plate of maxilla
1 elongate, narrow; outer plate with 9-11 main spines.
Outer plate of maxilliped small. Outer ramus of uropod
3 shortened.
Relationship.. Differing from Narapheonoides in the
poor expansion of article 2 on pereopod 7 and the
chelate gnathopod 2.
See Cyproidea.
Species. Hoplopheonoides obesa Shoemaker, 1956
[478].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Dry Tortugas,
Florida, sublittoral, 1 species.
256
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Hoplopleon K.H. Barnard
Hoplopleon K.H. Bamard, 1932: 105.
Type species. Peltocoxa australis K.H. Bamard, 1916,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Mandibular palp absent. Palp of maxilla
1 2-articulate. Gnathopod 1 small, simple (type) or slightly
subchelate, carpochelate, propodus slender, palm
obsolescent, long and oblique, dactyl not elongate;
gnathopod 2 small, subchelate, carpochelate, palm
subtransverse, dactyl elongate. Article 2 of pereopod 5
rectolinear, of pereopods 6-7 expanded. Pleonite 3
scarcely extended posterodorsally. Urosomite 1
elongate, with dorsal keel; urosomite 3 unvaulted.
Telson elongate, reaching apex of peduncle on uropod
3.
Antenna 1 thick, uncuspidate. Mandibular molar
large, triturative [unknown on type]. Lower lip
ordinary [unknown on type]. [Size of inner plate on
maxilla 1 unknown], outer plate of maxilla 1 with 10
main spines. Maxilliped ordinary [unknown on type].
Outer rami of uropods 2-3 shortened [unknown on
type].
Relationship. Differing from Moolapheonoides in
the 2-articulate palp of maxilla 1.
See Austropheonoides, Neocyproidea, Peltocoxa
and Stegoplax.
Species. Hoplopleon australis (K.H. Barnard, 1916)
[7431]; H. medusarum K.H. Barnard, 1932 (Griffiths, 1975)
[7431]; H. similis Schellenberg, 1953 [743].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, South Africa,
littoral, often on medusae or hydroids, 3 species.
Mokuoloe J.L. Bamard
Mokuoloe I.L. Bamard, 1970a: 40.
triturative. Mandibular lobes of lower
small. Inner plate
of maxilla 1 short, broad, rectangular; outer plate with 7
main spines; setae on palp strap-shaped. Maxillipeds
ordinary. Outer rami of uropods 2-3 shortened.
Relationship. Differing from Stegoplax in the
rectolinear article 2 of pereopod 6; from most other
genera in the extremely long telson reaching the apex
of the rami on uropod 3.
See Paracyproidea, Peltocoxa and Unyapheonoides.
Species. Mokuoloe ninole J.L. Bamard, 1970 [381].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Hawaiian Islands,
littoral, 1 species.
Moolapheonoides J.L. Barnard
Moolapheonoides I.L. Bamard, 1974b: 5.
Type species. Moolapheonoides kadee I.L. Barnard,
1974b, original designation.
Diagnosis. Mandible with 3-articulate palp. Palp of
maxilla 1 I-articulate. Gnathopod 1 small, scarcely
subchelate, weakly carpochelate, propodus rectangular,
not tapering. Gnathopod 2 small, subchelate, weakly
carpochelate, palm moderately developed, oblique.
Article 2 of pereopod 5 rectolinear, of pereopods 6-7
expanded. Urosomite 1 elongate, dorsally keeled;
urosomite 3 unvaulted. Telson elongate, almost reaching
apex of peduncle on uropod 3.
Antenna 1 thick, uncuspidate. Mandibular molar large,
triturative. Lower lip ordinary. Inner plate of maxilla 1
thickly rectangular, outer plate with 9-10 main spines.
Maxillipeds ordinary. Pleonite 3 unproduced
posterodorsally. Outer rami of uropods 2-3 shortened.
Relationship. Differing from Austropheonoides in
the slightly subchelate gnathopod 1.
See Hoplopleon, Narapheonoides, Peltocoxa and
Stegoplax.
Type species. Mokuoloe ninole I.L. Barnard, 1970a,
original designation.
""Species. Moolapheonoides angustipes Ledoyer, 1982b
[698]; M.coocoo J.L. Barnard, 1974b [782]; M. kadee
J.L. Bamard, 1974b [785]; M. poontee J.L. Bamard,
Diagnosis. Mandible with 3-articulate palp. Palp of
maxilla 1 I-articulate. Gnathopod 1 of medium size,
subchelate, notcarpochelate, propodus large, palm very
oblique, (ill?) defined, dactyl flagellate; gnathopod 2
large, stibchelate, catpochelate, pfop()dliS·· large, palm
oblique. Article 2 of pereopods 5~6 rectolinear, of
pereopod 7 expanded. Pleonite 3 unproduced
posterodorsally. Urosomite 1 not elongate, unkeeled
dorsally; urosomite 3 unvaulted. Telson elongate, almost
reaching apex of inner ramus on uropod 3.
Antenna 1 thick, uncuspidate. Mandibulartnolar large,
1974b [782].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, southern Australia,
Madagascar, littoral, 4 species.
Narapheonoides J.L. Barnard
Figs 24F, 25F
Narapheonoides I.L. Bamard, 1972b: 21.
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
257
Type species. Narapheonoides mullaya J.L. Barnard,
1972b, original designation.
of article 2 on pereopod 5.
See Unyapheonoides and Peltopes.
Diagnosis. Mandibular palp absent. Palp of maxilla
I I-articulate. Gnathopod I small, scarcely subchelate,
carpochelate, palm slightly oblique. Gnathopod 2 small,
subchelate, weakly carpochelate, palm almost
transverse. Article 2 of pereopod 5 rectolinear, of
pereopod 6 subtriangular, with expanded base but
tapering distally, of pereopod 7 expanded. Urosomite I
elongate, dorsally keeled; urosomite 3 unvaulted.
Telson short, not reaching apex of peduncle on
uropod 3.
Antenna 1 thick, uncuspidate. Mandibular molar large,
triturative. Lower lip ordinary. Inner plate· of maxilla 1
medium, rectangular, outer plate with 7 main spines.
Maxilliped ordinary.
Pleonite
3 produced
posterodorsally. Outer rami of uropods 2-3 shortened.
Species. Neocyproidea otakensis (Chilton, 1900)
(Hurley, 1955a) [775]; N. pilgrimi Hurley, 1955a [775].
Relationship. Differing from Hoplopheonoides and
Moolapheonoides in the poor expansion of article 2 on
pereopod 6, the short telson and the lack of a
mandibular palp.
Species. Narapheonoides mullaya I.L. Barnard,
1972b [780].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, southern
Australia, littoral, 1 species.
Neocyproidea Hurley
Fig.24E
Neocyproidea Hurley, 1955a: 199.
Type species. Cyproidea otakensis Chilton, 1900,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Mandibular palp absent. Palp of maxilla
1 I-articulate. Gnathopod 1 small, simple, carpochelate,
propodus small, slender, tapering, dactyl elongate;
gnathopod 2 small, almost simple, carpochelate, palm
obsolescent, oblique. Article 2 of pereopods 5-7
expanded but weakly so on pereopod 5. Pleonite3
unproduced posterodorsally. Urosomite 1 elongate, with
boat-shaped keel vaulted almost to telsonic base, dorsal
surface concave; urosomite 3 unvaulted. Telson
elongate, almost reaching apex of peduncle on uropod
3.
Antenna 1 thick, uncuspidate. Mandibular molar large,
triturative. Lo\Ver lip ordinary. Inner plate of maxilla. 1
short; outer plate with 8 main spines. Maxillipeds
ordinary. Dactyl of gnathopod 1 strongly toothed. Outer
rami of uropods 2-3 shortened. /
Relationship. Differing from Hoplopleon in the 1articulate palp of maxilla 1 .and the slight expansi~n
Habitat and distribution. Marine, New Zealand,
littoral and sublittoral, 2 species.
Paracyproidea Stebbing
Paracyproidea Stebbing, 1899a: 207.-Stebbing, 1906: 160.
Type species. Cyproidia [sic] lineata Haswell, 1879b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Mandible with 3-articulate palp. [Palp of
maxilla 1 unknown]. Gnathopod 1 slender, weakly
subchelate, scarcely carpochelate but falsely
merochelate, propodus slender, palm short, oblique,
obsolescent; gnathopod 2 slender, weakly subchelate,
carpochelate, propodus stouter than on gnathopod 1,
palm elongate, very oblique. Article· 2 of pereopods 57 rectolinear. Pleonite 3 unproduced posterodorsally.
Urosomite 1 not elongate, unkeeled; urosomite 3
unvaulted.
Telson
large,
fleshy,
laterally
compressed, blade-like, almost reaching ·apex of rami
on uropod 3.
Antenna 1 thick, article 2 dorsodistally cuspidate.
Mandibular molar large, triturative. [Lower lip, maxilla
1, maxillipeds unknown]. Both rami of uropods 1-3
very short, extending equally, peduncles elongate.
Relationship. Differing from Cyproidea by the
immense telson. From Peltocoxa and Pseudopeltocoxa in
the rectolinear article 2 of pereopods 6-7 and the
subchelate gnathopod 1. From Stegoplax in the linear
article 2 of pereopod 7.
Species. Paracyproidea lineata (Haswell, 1879b) [781].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Australia, New
South Wales, littoral, 1 species.
Peltocoxa Catta
Fig.241
Peltocoxa Catta, 1875: 162.-Lincoln, 1979a: 168.-KrappSchickel, 1982c: 88.
Type species. Peltocoxa marioni Catta, 1875, original
designation.
Diagnosis. Mandibular palp 3-articulate. Palp of
258
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
maxilla 1 I-articulate. Gnathopod 1 small, simple,
weakly carpochelate, propodus small, tapering;
gnathopod 2 small, subchelate, scarcely carpochelate,
palm almost transverse or oblique. Article 2 of
pereopod 5 rectolinear, of pereopods 6-7 expanded.
Pleonite 3 unproduced posterodorsally. Urosomite 1 not
elongate, unkeeled; urosomite 3 unvaulted. Telson
huge, boat-shaped, with deep ventral keel.
Antenna 1 thick, uncuspidate. Mandibular molar
large, triturative. Lower lip ordinary. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 slender; outer plate with [?3-6 main spines].
Maxillipeds ordinary. Outer rami of uropods 2-3
shortened.
Relationship. Differing from Stegocephalus and
Mokuoloe in the vertically inflated telson and fully
simple
gnathopod
1;
from
H oplopleon,
Austropheonoides and Moolapheonoides in the
vertically inflated telson.
Species. Peltocoxa brevirostris (T. Scott & A. Scott,
1893) (Lincoln, 1979a) [240]; P. damnoniensis (Stebbing,
1885) (Lincoln, 1979a) [239]; P. marioni Catta, 1875
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Krapp-Schickel, 1969b, 1982c)
[330]; P.mediterranea Schiecke, 1977 (Ledoyer, 1977)
(Krapp-Schickel, 1982c) [340].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, eastern Atlantic
and Mediterranean, 0-80 m, 4 species.
PeItopes K.H. Barnard
Fig.25H
Peltopes K.H. Bamard, 1930: 337.
Type species. Peltopes productus K.H. Bamard, 1930,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Mandibular palp 3-articulate. Palp of
maxilla 1 2-articulate. Gnathopod 1 small, simple, scarcely
carpochelate (type) to moderately carpochelate,
propodus slender, tapering, dactyl elongate; gnathopod
2 small, simple, scarcely (type) to moderately
carpochelate, propodus slender, tapering. Article 2 of
pereopods 5-7 expanded. Pleonite 3 weakly extended
posterodorsally (in second. species). Urosomite 1
elongate, with boat-shaped process reaching to base of
telson; urosomite 3 unvaulted. Telson elongate but
slightly failing apex of peduncle on uropod 3.
Antenna 1 thick, uncuspidate. Mandibular molar large,
triturative. I.,ower lip ordinary. [Inner pl(lt~ of 1l1axilla 1
size unknown; outer plate spination unknown.
Maxillipeds presumed ordinary]. Outer rami of uropods
2-3 shortened.
Relationship. Differing from Neocyproidea in the
simple gnathopod 2 and 2-articulate palp of maxilla 1.
Species. Peltopes peninsulae (Hurley, 1955a) (J.L.
Barnard, 1972a) [776]; P. productus K.H. Bamard, 1930
[779N].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, New Zealand, 020 m, also night neritic, 2 species.
Pseudopeltocoxa Schiecke
Pseudopeltocoxa Schiecke, 1977: 525.
Type species. Pseudopeltocoxa gibbosa Schiecke,
1977, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Mandibular palp absent. Palp of maxilla
1 I-articulate (but weak joint apparent). Gnathopod 1
small, simple, not carpochelate, propodus small,
tapering; gnathopod 2 small, subchelate, scarcely
carpochelate, palm oblique. Article 2 of pereopod 5
rectolinear, of pereopods 6-7 expanded. Pleonite 3
unproduced posterodorsally. Urosomite 1 not elongate,
with weak bilateral keels; urosomite 3 unvaulted.
Telson huge, boat-shaped, with deep ventral keel.
Pereonite 4 with massive lateral bulge.
Antenna 1 thick, uncuspidate. Mandibular molar large,
triturative. Lower lip ordinary, with faint inner lobes.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 slender; outer plate with at
least 10 main spines. Maxillipeds ordinary. Outer rami
of uropods 1-2 weakly to strongly shortened
respectively.
Relationship. Differing from Peltocoxa in the
absence of mandibular palp and the large size of the
lateral bulge on pereonite 4. Krapp-Schickel (1982c)
fuses this genus with Peltocoxa.
See Paracyproidea.
Species. Pseudopeltocoxa gibbosa Schiecke, 1977
(Krapp-Schickel, 1982c) [348].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, north-central
Mediterranean, 30-50 m, 1 species.
Stegoplax Sars
Fig.24B
Stegoplax Sars, 1883: 88.-Stebbing, 1906: 158.
Type species. Stegoplax longirostris Sars, 1883,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Mandibular palp 3-articulate. Palp of
maxilla 1 I-articulate. Gnathopods 1-2 similar, almost
simple,weakly carpochelate, propodus small, tapering.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Article 2 of pereopod 5 rectolinear, of pereopods 6-7
expanded. Pleonite 3 unproduced posterodorsally.
Urosomite 1 not elongate, unkeeled; urosomite 3
unvaulted. Telson elongate, thin, reaching apex of
peduncle on uropod 3, not vertically inflated.
Antenna 1·slightly thickened, uncuspidate. Mandibular
molar large, triturative. Lower lip ordinary. Inner plate
of maxilla 1 short and broad; outer plate with 6-7 main
spines. Maxillipeds ordinary. Outer ramus of uropod 2
shortened, not reaching end of uropod 3.
Relationship. Differing from Moolapheonoides,
H oplopleon and Austropheonoides in the short
urosomite 1.
See Cyproidea, Mokuoloe, Paracyproidea and
Peltocoxa.
Species. Stegoplax longirostris Sars, 1883, 1895
(Stephensen, 1925a, 1938b) [240B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, bathyal of boreal
North and East Atlantic, 300-1505 m, 1 species.
Terepeltopes Hirayama
Terepeltopes Hirayama, 1983: 117.
Type species. Terepeltopes dolichorhunia Hirayama,
1983, original designation.
Diagnosis. Mandible with 3-articulate palp. Palp of
maxilla 1 I-articulate. Gnathopod 1 small, scarcely
subchelate, scarcely carpochelate, palm transverse;
gnathopod 2 small, subchelate, slightly carpochelate,
propodus small, palm oblique, excavate. Article 2 of
pereopods 5-6 rectilinear, of pereopod 7 fully
expanded. Pleonite 3 slightly produced posterodorsally.
Urosomite 1 elongate, dorsally keeled and vaulted
over urosome; urosomite 3 unvaulted. Telson
ordinary, short, not reaching apex of peduncle on
uropod 3.
Antenna 1 thick, uncuspidate. Mandibular molar large,
triturative, lower lip ordinary. Inner plate of maxilla 1
slender, elongate, lanceolate; outer plate with 6 main
spines. Outer plate of maxillipeds shortened. Outer
rami of uropod 3 shortened.
Relationship. Differing from Mokuoloe in the short
telson· and long urosomite 1. From Peltopes in the thin
article 2 of pereopods 5-6. From Hoplopheonoides in
the ovate article 2 of pereopod 7, slightly carpochelate
gnathopod 2 with oblique palm, ordinary (not serialised)
maxilla 2, and presence of mandibular palp. From
Narapheonoides in presence of mandibular palp,
large vault of urosomite 1, and oblique palm of
gnathopod 2. From Moolapheonoides in the stronger
vault of urosomite 1 and the rectolinear article 2 of
259
pereopod 6.
Species. Terepeltopes dolichorhunia Hirayama, 1983
[395].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Japan, western
Kyushu, deeper than 40 m, 1 species.
Unguja Griffiths
Unguja Griffiths, 1976b: 15.
Type species. Unguja yaya Griffiths, 1976b, original
designation.
Diagnosis. Mandible lacking palp. Palp of maxilla 1
I-articulate. Gnathopod 1 small, simple, scarcely
carpochelate; gnathopod 2 small, subchelate, scarcely
carpochelate, palm transverse, excavate. Article.. 2 of
pereOpods 5-7 expanded. Pleonite 3 unproduced
posterodorsally. Urosomite 1 elongate, with pair of weak
dorsal keels; urosomite 3 unvaulted. Telson elongate,
exceeding apex of outer ramus on uropod 3.
Antenna 1 thick, uncuspidate. Mandibular molar large,
triturative, lower lip ordinary. Inner plate of maxilla 1
slender, elongate, lanceolate; outer plate with 7 main
spines. Maxillipeds ordinary. Outer rami of uropods 23 shortened.
Relationship. Almost identical to Unyapheonoides
but mandibular palp absent. Differing from
Neocyproidea in the poorly toothed dactyls of the
gnathopods, definite palm of gnathopod 2 and very
elongate telson.
Species. Unguja yaya Griffiths, 1976b [743].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, South Africa, 10
m, 1 species.
Unyapheonoides J.L. Barnard
Unyapheonoides I.L. Bamard, 1972b: 26.
Type species. Unyapheonoides dabber, J.L. Barnard,
1972b, original designation.
Diagnosis. Mandible with 3-articulate palp. Palp of
maxilla 1 I-articulate. Gnathopod 1 small, scarcely
subchelate, scarcely carpochelate, palm oblique;
gnathopod 2 small, subchelate, scarcely carpochelate,
palm transverse, excavate. Article 2 of pereopods 5-7
expanded. Pleonite 3 unproduced posterodorsally.
Urosomite 1 elongate, with pair of weak dorsal keels;
urosomite 3 unvaulted. Telson elongate, exceeding
260
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
apex of outer ramus on uropod 3.
Antenna 1 thick, uncuspidate. Mandibular molar
large, triturative, lower lip ordinary. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 slender, elongate, lanceolate; outer plate with
7 main spines. Maxillipeds ordinary. Outer rami of
uropods 2-3 shortened.
Relationship. Differing from Peltopes and
Neocyproidea in the subchelate gnathopod 1 and by
the telson ovetextending the peduncle of uropod 3.
From Mokuoloe in the elongate urosomite 1 and the
expansion of article 2 on pereopods 5-6.
Species. Unyapheonoides dabber J.L. Barnard,
1972b [780].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, southern
Australia, littoral, 1 species.
DEXAMINIDAE Leach, 1814b
Dexameridae [sic] Leach, 1814b: 432 [sic].
Dexaminidae Stebbing, 1888: 573, 900.-Stebbing, 1906: 514.J.L. Bamard, 1970c: 163.
Atylina [subfamily] Liljeborg, 1865a: 18.
Atylinae Boeck, 1876: 320.
Atylidae Sars, 1882: 26.-Stebbing, 1888: 899.-Stebbing, 1906:
327.
Dorbanellidae Sch,ellenberg, 1925b: 205.
Lepechinellidae Schellenberg, 1926a: 344.
Prophliantidae Nicholls, 1939: 312 (now valid subfamily).
Anatylidae Bulycheva, 1955: 204.
Diagnosis. Head basic; body laterally compressed,
at least 2 urosomites coalesced together; coxae ordinary
to acuminate. Eyes, if present, ommatidia!. Accessory
flagellum 1-2 usually vestigial. Gnathopods 1-2
subchelate, of medium enfeeblement. Pereopods 3-4 not
glandular. Pereopod 7 less than 1.2 times as long as
pereopod 6, occasionally of different form than 5-6 but
article 2 not of shape and setation found in
Ampeliscidae. Uropod 3 biramous. Telson laminar, more
or less cleft.
See Ampeliscidae, Phliantidae, Talitroidea (Kuriidae,
Eophliantidae), Colomastigidae and Argissidae. General
work: Vader (1969b).
Description. Body usually heavily calcified, rarely
smooth, usually with processes. Head basic, usually
with well-developed rostrum. Antennae variable, often
very short (female Guernea) or highly elongate
(Lepechinella). Mouthparts variable, ranging from basic
to loss of mandibular palp (typical), loss of
triturativeness on molar, reduction of rakers, loss of
inner lobes or mandibular lobes on lower lip, reduction
in maxillary setae, fusion of palp articles on maxilla 1,
reduction in apex of maxillipedal palp (but
3+articulate) and plates or enlargement of outer plate,
progressing from nestlers to inquilines. Coxa 1. never
severely reduced. Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 not as
fully elongate as in Ampeliscidae. Coxa 5 variable.
Article 2 of pereopods 5-7 dilated, poorly setose
posteriorly and ventrally, pereopods 5-7 uniform
(Dexamininae) or highly diverse (Prophliantinae).
Pleopods and uropods 1-3 well developed, biramous,
uropod 3 aequiramous, rami lanceolate, weakly
foliaceous or elongate and rod-like. Telson longer than
broad, cleft. Gills and oostegites poorly known but
gills known in some species on coxae 2-7, occasionally
plaited, oostegites 4 pairs, slightly expanded.
Sexual dimorphism. Occasionally absent; in other
species with male neritic swarmers bearing elongate
flagellum of antenna 2, occasionally more elongate
antenna 1, often with denser armament bundles on
anterior margins of articles 4-5 of peduncle on antenna
2, enlarged pleopods, more strongly setose natatory
uropod 3, generally body smaller, pereonites relatively
shorter, more strongly packed, pleon relatively larger,
body generally more streamlined, eyes enlarged.
Relationship.
Dexaminidae
differ
from
Ampeliscidae in the ordinary head, poorly setose article
2 of pereopod 7, and lack of glands in and smaller article
4 on pereopods 3-4. Most Ampeliscidae have elongate
heads, though Haploops has shortened head; in any
event the shape in Ampeliscidae is usually characteristic.
Most Dexaminidae have calcified bodies and brittle
appendages whereas most Ampeliscidae are pliable or
parchment-like (especially in low latitudes).
Ampeliscidae have basic mouthparts whereas most
Dexaminidae have one or more small abnormalities in
mouthparts. Most Dexaminidae have at least a vestigial
accessory flagellum whereas Ampeliscidae lack this
appendage. Coxa 1 of many Ampeliscidae is broader
than coxa 2, and the other coxae adhere closely to a
common form, whereas coxae of Dexaminidae are
highly . variable or depart from the form found in
Ampeliscidae.
Colomastigidae have cylindrical or vermiform bodies,
simple first gnathopods and lack mandibular incisors.
Kuriidae belong to the Talitroidea and therefore
have uniramous third uropods.
Eophliantidae belong to the Talitroidea and have
cylindrical-vermiform bodies, and vestigial uropod 3.
Argissidae have discrete urosomites, at least 1 pair of
simple gnathopods ·and a much reduced coxa 3.
The Phliantidae and Temnophliantidae have strongly
splayed coxae and evanescent uropod 3.
Key to Subfamilies of Dexaminidae
Pereopods 5-7 of uniform morphology, coxa 5 not
enlarged
Dexamininae
Pereopods 5-7 of diverse morphology, coxa 5 enlarged
........................................................... ~
Prophliantinae
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Dexamininae Leach,1814b
Diagnosis. Pereopods 5-7 of uniform morphology. Coxa 5 not enlarged.
Key to Genera of Dexamininae
1.
~
Palp of maxilliped 3-articulate
2
~
-.. --Palp of maxilliped 4-articulate
2.
~
5
~
Inner lobes of labium well developed
~
3
-_.- Inner lobes of labium obsolescent or absent
3.
4
Palm of gnathopod 1 transverse; palm of gnathopod 2
bulbous, dactyl deeply curved and flagellate; antennae
~
1-2 diverse, antenna 1 very thick
~
Delkarlye
-··-Palms of gnathopods oblique and straight, dactyls
~
ordinary; antennae 1-2 alike, elongate and thin
4.
Dexaminella
Article 4 of pereopods 3-7 shorter than articles 5-6
combined ~
Dexamine
--Article 4 of pereopods 3-7 longer than articles 5-6
combined
Tritaeta
5.
Pereopods 3-7 fully prehensile
Polycheria
--Pereopods 3-7 simple or scarcely prehensile
6.
"
Head lacking rostrum, cephalic teeth or distinct lateral
cephalic lobes [otherwise with Lepechinella facies as
in couplet 11 part 1]
Lepechinelloides
- - Head with rostrum or cephalic teeth or distinct lateral
cephalic lobes
7.
8.
~
7
~
Cephalic lobes rounded, not distinctly verticalised
- - Cephalic lobes verticalised,
2+ anterior points
Pleon bearing
midline
8
strongly truncate or with
9
dorsolateral .teeth besides
those on
Paradexamine
--Pleon lacking dorsolateral teeth, pleon mostly smooth
9.
6
Inner lobes of lower lip absent or obsolescent, body
parts (antennae, pereopods, uropods) rarely elongate
- - Inner lobes of lower lip present,
/ elongate
Syndexamine
~
AtyIus
body parts greatly
'.~'
10
261
262
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
10.
Gnathopods apically thin or linear,
rectangular, mandibular palp absent
chelate, propodus
Sebadexius
- - Gnathopods with propodus not rectangular,
palp present
11.
mandibular
11
Outer rami of uropods 1-3 strongly reduced
Lepechinellopsis
- - Outer rami of uropods 1-3 elongate
12.
Mandibular palp I-articulate
12
_
Lepechinelloides
- - Mandibular palp 3-articulate
13.
13
Article 3 of mandibular palp shorter than article 2
Lepechinella
- - Article 3 of mandibular palp immensely longer than
article 2
Atylus Leach
Figs 50A,B,I, 51D, 52B,F, 53E,H, 54F,H
Atylus Leach, 1815b: 21.-Mills, 1961: 17 (key).-J.L. Barnard,
1970c: 164.
Nototropis Costa, 1853: 170 (Nototropis spinulicauda Costa,
1853, monotypy).
Epidesura Boeck, 1861: 659 (Amphithoe compressa
Liljeborg, 1852a, original designation).
Paratylus Sars, 1895: 462 (Amphithoe swammerdamei
MilneEdwards, 1830, here selected).
Anatylus Bulycheva, 1955: 205 (Anatylus pavlovskii
Bulycheva, 1955, original designation).
(Kamehatylus) J.L. Barnard, 1970a: 93 (Atylus nani J.L.
Barnard, 1970a, original designation) (valid subgenus).
Type species. Gammarus carinatus J.C. Fabricius,
1793, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Cephalic lobes with verticalisation in
form of truncation or bearing 2 points with imaginary
vertical. tangent. Mandibular palp 0 to 3-articulate. Inner
lobes of lower lip absent or obsolescent. Palp of maxilla
1 2-articulate. Palp of 4-articulate.
Description. Eyes present. Antennae well developed,
of medium size, thin. Molar triturative (typical) or not
(Anatylus). Apart from lower lip and mandible, other
mouthparts basic. Coxae 1-4 ordinary or tending to slight
shortness of nonrectangular shapes. Gnathopods
ordinary. Pereopods simple or rarely pereopod 3
weakly prehensile; article 2 of pereopods 5-7 expanded,
often with posteroventral tooth. Rami of uropod 3
broadly lanceolate. TelsoI1 deeply cleft. Urosomites 2-3
(Atylus) or 1-3 (Kamehatylus) coalesced. Body variously
carinate dorsally, all teeth on midline. Urosomite 1 with
(Nototropis) or without dorsal notch. Gill formula 2-7,
often several gills plaited; oostegites weakly to
moderately expanded.
Paralepechinella
Sexual dimorphism. As in family description.
Variables. Pereonites carinate (type), smooth (A.
swammerdamei); urosomite 1 with dorsal notch and
tooth (A. swammerdammei, A. falcatus, A. vedlomensis,
A. guttatus, etc.), with only dorsal tooth (type), notch
weak (some demes of A. brevitarsus); rostrum
especially large (A. smitti, A. carinatus), moderately sized
(A. nordlandicus), small (A. falcatus); molar weak (A.
pavlovskii); mandibular palp 3-articulate (normal), 2articulate (A. reductus), absent (Anatylus pavlovskii, A.
japonicus, A. processicer); inner lobes of lower lip
moderate (A. pavlovskii), weak (A. swammerdamei),
absent (A. carinatus); coxa 1 curved forward (A. smitti),
tapering (A. falcatus, A. vedlomensis, A. pavlovskii);
article 6 of pereopods 3-4 with basal grasping spines,
thus prehensile, dactyl enlarged and falcate (A.
falcatus); article 2 of pereopods 5-7 with posteroventral
process (A. falcatus, A. swammerdamei, A. vedlomensis),
only pereopod 7 with process (A. carinatus), only
pereopod 5 with process but only pereopod 7 strongly
setose (A. smitti), process vestigial (A. japonica, A.
pavlovskii), process absent (A. nani); outer ramus of
uropod 2 shortened (ordinary), unshortened (A.
brevitarsus); uropod 2 shorter than uropods 1 or 3
(ordinary).
Relationship. The basic genus of the group and
adequately ancestral to all others to be near a model
ancestor.
Key to Subgenera of Atylus
Urosomites 2-3 coalesced
(Atylus)
Urosomites 1-3 coalesced
(Kamehatylus)
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Species. See K.H. Bamard (1932); Chevreux &
Fage (1925); Griffiths (1974b,c); (Gurjanova, 1951);
Schellenberg (1927, 1942); Stephensen (1933b, 1938b,
1944c); A. atlassovi (Gurjanova, 1951) [290]; A. brevitarsus
263
Ledoyer, 1979a [698]; A. bruggeni (Gurjanova, 1938b)
(Shoemaker, 1955a) [200]; A. carinatus (I.C. Fabricius,
1793) (Sars, 1895) (Stephensen, 1944a) [220]; A. collingi
(Gurjanova, 1938b) (Mills, 1961) (Tzvetkova, 1968) [230];
€r
B
A
~
A
A
F
o
G
c
Fig.50. Dexaminidae. A, Atylus (= Anatylus) pavlovskii; B, Atylus carinatus; C, Dexamine spinosa; D,
Guernea reduncans; E, Paradexamine frinsdorf; F, Dexaminella aegyptica; G, Lepechinella chrysotheras;
Syndexamine carinata; I, Atylus falcatus; J, Prophlias anomalus; K, LepechineUaocclo.
B
264
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
A. comes Giles, 1888 [664]; A. dentatus Schellenberg,
1931 (as ,A. homochir) [866]; A. ekmani (Gurjanova,
1938b) (Tzvetkova, 1968) [280]; A.falcatus Metzger, 1871
(= A. uncinatus Sars, 1883) (Sars, 1895 as Paratylus)
(Lincoln, 1979a) [240]; A. granulosus (Walker, 1904)
(Ledoyer, 1967a, 1979a) [680]; A. guttatus (Costa in Hope
1851, Costa, 1851, 1857) (= A. spinulicauda Costa, 1853,
1857) (= A. costae HelIer, 1867) (?= A. andrusowi
Sowinsky, 1895 [334]) (= A. odessanus Kalichevsky, 1906)
(Lincoln, 1979a) (Bellan-Santini, 1982a) [330]; A.
homochir Haswell, 1885b (Stebbing, 1888) (J.L. Bamard,
1974b) [784+]; A. japonicus Nagata, 1961a, 1965b
(Ledoyer, 1979b, 1984) [390 + ?586]; A. levidensus lL.
Bamard, 1956, 1969a (Mills, 1961) [368]; A. massiliensis
Bellan-Santini, 1975, 1982a [348N]; A. megalops Moore,
1984a [613N]; A. melanops (Oldevig, 1959) [2201; A.
minikoi (Walker, 1905b) (Chilton, 1922b) (Shoemaker,
1932b) (Schellenberg, 1938b) (Ruffo, 1950) (Oliveira,
1953) (Pillai, 1957) (Sivaprakasam, 1968a) (Bynum & Fox,
1977) [660 + N]; A. nani J.L. Barnard, 1970a (Kamehatylus)
[381]; A. nordlandicus Boeck, 1871b (Sars, 1895)
(Stephensen, 1944c) [216]; A.pavlovskii (Bulycheva,
A
E
B
Fig.51. Dexaminidae. A, Lepechinella chyrsotheras; B, Guernea reduncans; C, Dexaminoculus grobbeni; D,
Atylus carinatus; E, Dexamine spinosa; F, Haustoriopsis reticulatus; G, Polycheria antarctica.
E
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
1955) (Tzvetkova, 1968) [391]; A. processicer [sic]
Sivaprakasam, 1970c (Kamehatylus) [664]; A. reductus
(K.H. Bamard, 1930) [779]; A. rylovi (Bulycheva, 1952)
[391]; A. serratus (Schellenberg, 1925a, 1939) (Pirlot, 1939)
(Ruffo, 1953c) [435]; A. smitti (Goes, 1866) (Sars, 1895 as
Paratylus smithi) (?Stephensen, 1944c) [220 + B]; A.
swammerdamei (Milne Edwards, 1830) (= A. compressa
Liljeborg, 1852a) (== A. gordoniana Bate, 1857d) (= A.
loughrini Bate, 1862) (Sars, 1895 (Lincoln, 1979a) (Bellan~
Santini, 1982a) [355]; A. taupo J.L. Bamard, 1972b [774N];
A. tridens (Alderman, 1936) (Mills, 1961) (J.L. Barnard,
1966a) [368]; A. tulearensis Ledoyer, 1984 [690]; A.
urocarinatus McKinney, 1980a [480]; A. vedlomensis (Bate
& Westwood, 1863) (Sars, 1895) (Lincoln, 1979a) CBellan~
c
265
Santini, 1982a) [240]; A. villosus Bate, 1862 (Bellan-Santini
& Ledoyer, 1974) [835]; species (A. homochir identification
of Chilton, 1912) [743].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan, 0900 m, 33 species.
Delkarlye J.L. Barnard
Delkarlye J.L. Bama:rd, 1972a: 41.
Type species. Delkarlye enamalla J.L. Barnard, 1972a,
E
I
Fig.52. Dexaminidae. A, Lepechinella bierii; B, Atylus carinatus; C, Dexamine spinosa; D, Tritaeta gibbosa; E,
Prophlias anomalus; F, Atylus (= Anatylus) pavlovskii; G, Paradexamine maunaloa; H, Polycheria antarctica; I,
Haustoriopsis reticulatus; J, Guernea reduncans.
266
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
original designation.
Diagnosis. Cephalic lobes broadly rounded
anteriorly. Mandibular palp absent. Inner lobes of lower
lip .well developed. Palp of maxilla i i-articulate. Palp
of maxilliped 3-articulate.
Description. Eyes present. Antenna i
Fig.53. Dexaminidae.A, Prephlias anomalus;B, Haustoriopsis reticulatus; C, Paralepechinella longipalpa;
D, Guernea coalita; E, Atylus swammerdami; F, Polycheria antarctica; G, Polycheria obtusa; H, Atylus carinatus;
I, Dexamine spinosa.
well
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
developed, very stout, antenna 2 feeble, thin, short.
Molar obsolescent, not triturative. Maxillae poorly
setose; inner plate of maxilliped very small, outer plate
immense. Coxae 1-4 tending towards non-rectangular
shapes, coxa 1 weakly expanded apically, coxae 2-4
more or less tapered; coxa 5 as long as coxa 4, not
greatly enlarged. Palm of gnathopod 1 transverse;
gnathopod 2 extraordinary, palm bulbous, dactyl deeply
curved and flagellate. Pereopods 5-6 strongly prehensile,
other pereopods weakly prehensile; for example,
pereopod 6 with broad concavity bounded by spined
hump on article 6, dactyl immense; article 2 of
pereopods 5-7 rectolinear; pereopod 5 very short.
Inner rami of uropods 1-2 shortened. One ramus of
uropod 3 flabellate. Telson deeply cleft. Urosomites 23 coalesced. Body scarcely carinate. Gills and oostegites
[unknown].
Relationship. Delkarlye weakly bridges the gap
between Dexaminidae and Prophliantinae because coxa
5 is as long as coxa 4 but not as enlarged as in
Prophliantinae; like Prophliantis the gnathopodal palms
are transverse; the diversity of pereopods 5-7 is not
like that in Prophliantinae.
Like Syndexamine but palp of maxilliped 3-articulate,
spines absent on pleonites 5-6 and head with
midantennal keel. Differing from Dexaminella in the
267
blunt cephalic lobes,· diverse thickness of antennae 1-2,
the parabolic telson, the transverse palm of gnathopod
1, reduced gland cone and unomamented article 2 of
pereopods 5-7; also see key.
Species. Delkarlye enamalla J.L. Bamard, 1972a
[785].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, southern
Australia, sublittoral, 4 m, 1 species.
Dexamine Leach
Figs 50C, 51E, 52C, 531, 54B
Dexamine Leach, 1814b: 432.
Amphithonotus Costa, 1851: 45 (Amphithonotus
acanthophthalmus Costa, 1851, selected by Stebbing,
1888: 250).
Type species. Cancer
monotypy.
spinosus Montagu,
1813,
Diagnosis. Cephalic lobes pointed. Mandibular palp
absent. Inner lobes. of lower lip obsolescent. Palp of
o
W
F
G
E
o
Fig.54. Dexaminidae. A, Syndexamine wane; B, Dexamine spinosa; C, Polycheria obtusa; D, Guernea
nordenskioldi; E, Guernea coalita; F, Atylus (= Anatylus) pavlovskii; G,Lepechinella occlo; H, Atylus
carinatus; I, Lepechinella bierii; J, Prophlias anomalus; K, Haustoriopsis reticulatus.
268
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
maxilla 1 I-articulate. Palp of maxilliped 3-articulate.
Coxae 3-4 ordinary. Article 4 of pereopods 3-7 shorter
than articles 5-6 combined (versus Tritaeta).
Description. Eyes present. Antennae elongate, thin.
Molar triturative; maxillae poorly setose; palp of
maxilliped small, outer plate especially large. Coxae 14 ordinary. Gnathopods ordinary. Pereopods simple;
article 2 of pereopods 5-7 expanded. Rami of uropod 3
lanceolate. Telson elongate and deeply cleft. Urosomites
2-3 coalesced. Pleon dorsally carinate and toothed in
midline, with or without accessory lateral teeth. Gill
formula 2-7, often several gills plaited; oostegites
expanded.
Sexual dimorphism. As described for family, male
body. smaller, perepnites more closely packed, pleon
relatively larger, eyes enlarged, flagella of antennae
longer, armament bundles denser anteriorly on articles
4-5 of antenna 2.
Variables. Article 2 of pereopod 6 broa,.d
proximally (D. spinosa), of pereopod 6 broad distally (D.
thea), of pereopod 7 scarcely expanded (D. thea) ,
moderately expanded (D. spinosa).
Relationship. Differing from Delkarlye and
Dexaminella in the weak inner lobes of the lower lip.
From Atylus in the pointed cephalic lobes, I-articulate
palp of maxilla 1 and 3-articulate palp of the
maxilliped.
See Tritaeta.
Species. See Carausu (1956); Fage (1933); Gurjanova
(1951); Kaim-Malka (1970); Karaman (1973b); KrappSchickel (1969b, 1971); Kunkel (1918); Miloslavskaja
(1931, 1939); Schellenberg (1942);Sowinsky (1897, 1898);
Stephensen (1928, 1929, 1940a); [?D. anisopus Grube,
1864a (Stebbing, 1906) [345]]; [?D. blossevilliana Bate,
1862 [dubious] (Stebbing, 1906) [unknown]];' [?D.
bobretzkii (Catta, 1876) (Della V~lle, 1893, as
Amphithonotus) (not in Stebbing, 1906) [dubious] [348]];
[?D. leptonyx (Grube, 1861) (Stebbing, 1906) [dubious]
[345]]; [?D. pelagica Costa, 1851 [nomen nudum]]; [?D.
septemdentatus (Stimpson, 1864) (Della Valle, 1893)
(not in Stebbing, 1906) [dubious (probably Pleustes
panopla)] [269]]; D. spiniventris (Costa, 1853) (Chevreux
& Fage, 1925) (Krapp-Schickel, 1969b, 1971) (Griffiths,
1975) (Bellan-:-Santini, .1982a) [352]; D. spinosa (Montagu,
1813) (= D. corallinus Risso, 1826) (= D. marionis Milne
Edwards, 1830) (=D. tenuicorni~ Rathke, 1843) (= D.
acanthophthalmus Costa, 1851) (= D. speciosus
aruzeli~s{1~59-~'lapsusfor D.·· spinosus) (=D. pontica
Czemiavs}cy, 1868) (Sars, 1895) (Cqevreux& Fage, 1925)
(Lincoln, 1979a) {Bel1an~Santini, 1~82a) [352]; D. thea
Boeck, 1861 (= D. heibergiBoeck, 1871b) (=D. tenuicornis
Rathke identification's of Bate, 1862, Bate &
Westwood, 1863) (Sars, 1895) (Bousfield, 1973) (Lincoln,
1979a) (Bellan-Santini, 1982a) [354].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, mostly amphiNorth Atlantic from the Arctic to Chesapeake Bay,
Mediterranean, Senegal (to Puget Sound and Ceylon
probably erroneous, these species not Dexamine),
0-113 [?1550] m, 3 species.
Dexaminella Schellenberg
Fig.50F
Dexaminella Schellenberg, 1928b: 654.
Type species. Dexaminella aegyptiaca Schellenberg,
1928b, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Cephalic lobes pointed. Mandibular
palp absent. Inner lobes of lower lip well developed
a,.nd fleshy ~ Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate. Palp of
maxilliped 3-articulate. Pereopods 3-7 lacking aspect of
prehensility (versus Tritaeta).
Description. Eyes present. Antennae elongate,
thin. Molar triturative, incisor very broad, rakers not
apparent; maxillae poorly setose; inner plate of
maxilliped vestigial or absent, outer plates large, palp
small or thin. Coxae 1-4 ordinary. Gnathopods ordinary.
Pereopods simple; article 2 of pereopods 5-7 partly to
fully expanded" partially cuspidate. Rami of uropod 3
lanceolate. Telson elongate and moderately cleft.
Urosomites 2-3 [?coalesced]. Pleon dorsally carinate and
toothed in midline. Gills and oostegites [unknown].
Sexual dimorphism. Male antenna 2 article 4
swollen and densely and minutely setulose anteriorly;
male eyes enlarged.
Variables. Article 2 of pereopod 5 lobate,
rounded; of pereopod 6 lobate and either sharp or
rounded; of pereopod 7 poorly expanded, not lobate,
tapering from base to apex.
Relationship. See Dexamine and Delkarlye.
Species. Dexaminella aegyptiaca Schellenberg,
1928b [343s]; D. ovata Ledoyer, 1979a [698]; D.
rotundicoxa Ledoyer, 1972c, 1978b, 1979a [698 + 697].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Red Sea to
Madagascar, 7-25 m, 3 species.
Lepechinella Stebbing
Figs 50G;K, 51A, 52A, 54G,I
Lepechinella Stebbing, 1908c: 191.-J.L.Bamard, 1973a: 5
(key).
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Dorbanella Chevreux, 1914: 1 (Dorbanella echinata
Chevreux, 1914, original designation).
Type species. Lepechinella chrysotheras Stebbing,
1908c, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Cephalic lobes verticalised in form of
truncation bearing 2 points or long spikes. Mandibular
palp present, article 3 much shorter than article 2
(versus Paralepeehinella). Inner lobes of lower lip well
developed. Palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate. Palp of
maxilliped 4-articulate.
Description. Eyes absent. Antennae elongate, thin.
Molar weakly triturative; maxillae poorly setose;
maxillipeds ordinary. Coxae 1-4 acuminate or
biacuminate, coxa 1 usually larger than coxa 4.
Gnathopods ordinary, often elongate. Pereopods
simple; usually elongate; article 2 of pereopods 5-7
rectolinear. Rami of uropod 3 elongate and rod-like.
Telson partly cleft, lobes usually gaping. Urosomites 23 coalesced. Body dorsally carinate and toothed on
midline, usually throughout; body often heavily setose
or spinose. Gills often pleated, formula [unknown];
oostegites [unknown].
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Variables. Long dorsal processes on anterior
body obsolete (L. eetrata, L. pangola); posterior body
bearing numerous surface spines (L. eaehi), total body
bearing spines (L. eura, L. eehinata, L. maneo, L. oeelo,
L. raua); coxae poorly acuminate (L. aberrantis, L.
eurvispinosa, L. ultraabyssalis); pereopods not elongate
(L. aberrantis); urosomite 1 with 1 dorsal notch like
Nototropis = Atylus (L. aberrantis); inner rami of uropod
2 very short (L. uehu).
Rela~ionship.
Connected through L: aberrantis to
Atylus, differing from Atylus only in the fleshiness of
the well developed inner lobes on the lower lip.
Differing from Paradexamine and Syndexamine in
the verticalised (double pointed or truncate) lateral
cephalic lobes; from Atylus in the ·well-developed
inner lobes of the lower lip· and elongate body parts.
See Lepeehinelloides and Paralepeehinella.
Species. See J.L. Barnard (1973a); L. aberrantis (J.L.
Barnard, 1962d, 1964a, 1973a) (Kamenskaya, 1981a)
[420AB]; L. aretiea Schellenberg, 1926a (= L. sehellenbergi
Stephensen, 1944c) (J.L. Bamard, 1973a) [220B]; L. auea
J.L. Bamard, 1973a [707B]; L. bierii J.L. Bamard, 1957,
1973a [310B]; L. eaehi J.L. Barnard, 1973a [802A]; L.
eetrata K.H. Bamard, 1932 [871B]; L. ehrysotheras
Stebbing, 1908c (K.H. Bamard, 1926) (Stephensen, 1944c)
[426B]; L. eura J.L. Bamard, 1973a [501A]; L. eurvispinosa
Pirlot, 1933c [602B]; L. drygalskii Schellenberg, 1926a
(Ruffo, 1949) [870 + B]; L. eehinata (Chevreux, 1914,
1935) (J.L. Bamard, 1962d) [426A]; L. eupraxiella J.L.
269
Bamard, 1973a (= L. aretiea identification of Gurjanova,
1951) [202B]; L. grimmi Thurston, 1980b [209B]; L. helgii
Thurston, 1980b [209B]; L. huaeo J.L. Bamard, 1973a
(Holman & Watling, 1983b) [801-802A]; L. madagasearensis
Ledoyer, 1982b [618A]; L. maneD I.L. Bamard, 1973a
(Ledoyer, 1977) (Bellan-Santini, 1984) [340B]; L.
monoeuspidata J.L. Bamard, 1961a [618B]; L. oeelo J.L.
Bamard, 1973a (Griffiths, 1977b) [600B]; L. pangola I.L.
Barnard, 1962d [702A]; L. raua J.L. Bamard, 1973a
[406B]; L. sagamiensis Gamo, 1981a [395B]; L. skarphedini
Thurston, 1980b [209B]; L. sueia J.L. Barnard, 1961a
(?Griffiths, 1977a) [600BA]; L. turpis J.L. Bamard, 1967a
[309BA]; L. uehu J.L. Barnard, 1973a [501A]; L.
ultraabyssalis Birstein & Vinogradov, 1960 [322A]; L.
vitrea Kamenskaja, 1977b [531A]; L. wolffi Dahl, 1959
[714A].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan,
cold water submergent (shallowest tropical record
566 m), 260-7190 m, 29 species.
Lepechinelloides Thurston
Lepechinelloides Thurston, 1980b: 81.
Type species. Lepechinelloides karii Thurston, 1980b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Cephalic lobes absent, antenna: 4
received into quadrate invagination of head but no
clear lobes present; head also lacking rostrum or long
spike teeth, bearing only pegs armed with spines.
Mandibular palp I-articulate. Inner lobes of lower lip
distinct and fleshy. Palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate. Palp of
maxilliped 4-articulate.
Description. Eyes absent. Antennae elongate, thin.
Molar well developed but only setulose; maxillae
poorly setose; ··maxillipeds ordinary. Coxae 1-4
acuminate, coxa 1 slipper or sabre-shaped" longer than
coxa 4. Gnathopods ordinary but elongate. Pereopods
simple, elongate; article 2 of pereopods 5-7 rectolinear.
Uropod 1 especially elongate. Rami of uropod 3
elongate and rod-like. Telson cleft halfway, lobes
weakly gaping. Urosomites 2-3 coalesced., Body
dorsally ~arinate and toothed on .midline, strongly
spinose-setose.Gills and oostegites [not described].
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Relationship. Differing from Lepeehinella and
Paralepeehinella in the lack of cephalic projectioIls
and the I-articulate mandibular palp.
Species. Lepeehinelloides karii Thurston, 1980b
[222A].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, boreal North
270
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Atlantic, abyssal hauls to 2174 m, 1 species.
Lepechinellopsis Led6yer
Lepechinellopsis Ledoyer, 1982b: 365.
Type species. Lepechinellopsis brevicaudata Ledoyer,
1982b, original designation.
Diagnosis. Cephalic lobes very weak, antenna 2
received into shallow, broad invagination of head;
rostrum tiny, ~ead with few pegs. Mandibular palp 3articulate. Inner lobes of lower lip reduced. Palp of
maxilla 1 2-articulate. Palp of maxilliped 4-articulate.
Outer rami of uropods 1-3 reduced, one third to one
tenth as long as inner rami. Rami of uropod 3 both
strongly reduced. Telson emarginate.
Description. Eyes absent. Antennae elongate, thin.
Molar well developed but only setulose; maxillae
poorly setose; maxillipeds ordinary. Coxae 1-4
acuminate, coxa 1 slipper or sabre~shaped, longer than
coxa' 4. Gnathopods ordinary but elongate. Pereopods
simple, elongate; article 2 of pereopods 5-7 rectolinear.
Uropod 1 especially elongate. Raini of uropod 3
strongly reduced. Telson emarginate. Urosomites 2-3
coalesced. Body dorsally carinate and toothed on
midline, strongly spinose-setose. Gills and oostegites [not
described] .
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Removal. Lepechinellopsis inaequicaudata Ledoyer,
1982, to Melita in Gammarida.
Relationship. Differing from the other lepechinellalike genera in the reduced 'outer rami of uropods 1-3.
Species. Lepechinellopsis brevicaudata Ledoyer,
1982b [618A].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, south-east of
the Glorieuses Islands (11°44'S 47°35'E), 3710 m, 1
species.
Paradexamin~Stebbing
Figs 50E, 52G
Paradexamine Stebbing, 1899d: 210.-Stebbing, 1906: 518.J.L. Bamard, 1972a: 46 (key).-J.L. Bamard, 1972b: 51.
Dexaminoides Spandl, 1923b: 87 (Dexaminoides orientalis
Spandl, 1923b, monotypy).
(Wailele) J.L. Bamard, 1970a: 102 (Paradexamine (Wailele)
maunaloa J.L. Bamard, 1970a, original designation) '[valid
subgenus].
Type species. Dexamine pacifica Thomson, 1879b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Cephalic lobes rounded or pointed.
Mandibular palp absent. Inner lobes of lower lip well
developed and fleshy. Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate.
Palp of maxilliped 4-articulate, 1 or more posterior
body segments with lateral teeth.
Description. Eyes present. Antennae elongate,
thin. Molar triturative; maxillae poorly setose; inner
plate of maxilliped absent to well developed, outer
plate large, palp medium sized to small. Coxae 1-4
ordinary. Gnathopods ordinary. Pereopods simple;
article 2 of pereopods 5-7 weakly to strongly
expanded. Rami of uropod 3 lanceolate. Telson
elongate and deeply cleft. Urosomites 2-3 coalesced.
Posterior body segments with midline carina and
teeth, also with lateral teeth. Gills often heavily
plaited, on coxae 2-7; oostegites slender.
Sexual dimorphism. Male eyes enlarged, article 2
of antenna 1 elongate, article 5 of antenna 2
shortened, male setular tufts developing on antennae
1-2; flagellum of antenna 2 elongate; mouthparts often
losing structure in minor degree; thoracic appendages
often becoming elongate or thinned; body teeth
reduced; urosomal spines shortened.
Variables. Incisors cornified and untoothed (P.
moorhousei); rakers vestigial or absent (P. marlie); inner
plate of maxilla 1 naked (P. maunaloa, P. otichi); palp of
maxilla 1 reduced (Wailele maunaloa, P. indentata, etc.);
inner plate of maxilla 2 strongly reduced (P. maunaloa,
P. windara); inner plate of maxilliped very small (P.
lanacoura, P. narluke, etc.); dactyl of maxilliped slightly
reduced (P. maunaloa); palms of gnathopods transverse
(P. maunaloa, P. otichi, P. rongii, etc.); pereopods 3-4
subprehensile (P. maunaloa); article 2 of pereopod 5 not
lobate (P. otichi), lobate (P. maunaloa, P. pacifica);
pereopod 7 generally dominated by pereopods 5-6;
article 2 of pereopod 7 broadly expanded (P. maunaloa,
P. rongii), lobate (P. alkoomie, P. quarallia, etc.), scarcely
expanded and tapering distally (type, P. thadalee),
almost rectolinear (P. fissicauda); outer ramus of
uropod 2 often shortened (P. fissicauda, etc.); rami of
uropod 3 foliaceous (P. frinsdorfi).
Relationship. Differing from Syndexamine in the
on body segments of dorsolateral teeth
besides mid-dorsal teeth; from Atylus in the protruding,
not verticalised, lateral lobes of the head.
pr~sence
Key to Subgenera of Paradexamine
Palp of maxilla 1 strongly reduced
Palp of maxilla 1 ordinary
(Wailele)
(Paradexamine)
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Species. See J.L. Bamard (1972b); K.H. Bamard
(1932); Pirlot (1938); Schellenberg (1931); Sheard
(1938); Stephensen (1927a, 1938c, 1947a); Thurston
(1974a,b); P. alkoomie J.L. Bamard, 1972a [785]; P.
barnardi Sheard, 1938 [779]; P. bisetigera Hirayama,
1984b [395]; P. churinga J.L. Barnard, 1972a [780]; P.
dandaloo J.L. Bamard, 1972a [784]; P. echuca J.L.
Bamard, 1972a [785]; P. excavata Ledoyer, 1984 [586];
P. fissicauda Chevreux, 1906a,b (Thurston, 1974a,b)
[870]; P. [lindersi (Stebbing, 1888, 1910a) [791]; P.
fraudatrix Tzvetkova, 1976 [391]; P. frinsdorfi Sheard,
1938 (?Ledoyer, 1984) [780 + ?586]; P. gigas Hirayama,
1984b [395]; P. goomai J.L. Barnard, 1972a [788]; P.
houtete J.L. Bamard, 1972b [775]; P. indentata Ledoyer,
1978b [697]; P. lanacoura J.L. Barnard, 1972a [782]; P.
linga J.L. Barnard, 1972a [788]; P. marlie J.L. Bamard
1972a (?Ledoyer, 1979a) (Hirayama, 1984b) (?Ledoyer,
1984) [788 + 395 + ?698 + ?586]; P. maunaloa.(J.L. Barnard,
1970a) [3811]; P. micronesica Ledoyer, 1979a, 1978b (= P.
orientalis identification of J.L. Barnard, 1965a)
(Hirayama, 1984b) (Ledoyer, 1984) [600]; P. miersi
(Haswell, 1885b) [633]; P. moorehousei Sheard, 1938
[784]; P. mozambica Ledoyer, 1979a [698]; P. muriwai
J.L. Bamard, 1972b [774]; P. nana Stebbing, 1914b
(Schellenberg, 1931) [831]; P. narluke J.L. Bamard, 1972a
[788]; P. orientalis (Spandl, 1923b, 1924a) (Schellenberg,
1928b) (Ledoyer, 1967a,b, 1973b, 1979a,b) [600]; P. otichi
J.L. Bamard, 1972a [780]; P. pacifica (Thomson, 1879b)
(J.L. Bamard, 1972a,b) [850]; P. quarallia J.L. Bamard,
1972a [780]; P. rewa Myers, 1985c [576]; P. ronggi J.L.
Bamard, 1972a[788]; P. serraticra (Walker, 1904) (Nayar,
1967) [665]; P. setigera Hirayama, 1984b [395]; P.
sexdentata Schellenberg, 1931 [833 + B]; P. thadalee J.L.
Bamard, 1972a [780]; P. windarra J.L. Barnard, 1972a
(?Ledoyer, 1984) [787 + ?586]; species, Sivaprakasam,
1969a (as Dexaminoides) [664]; species, P. pacifica
identification of Nagata, 1960 and P. barnardi
identification of Nagata, 1965c [390]; species, P. [lindersi
identification of Nagata, 1965c [395]; species, P. [lindersi
identification of Pirlot, 1938 [640]; species, P. pacifica
identification of Griffiths, 1975 [743]; species, P. pacifica
forma P. kergueleni identification of Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 1974 [851]; species, P. pacifica identification of
Schellenberg, 1931 [765].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, dominantly
Australian but with outliers in Mediterranean, South
Africa, South America, Japan, Fiji, 0-310 m, males often
neritic, 37+ species.
271
Diagnosis. Cephalic lobes verticalised in form of
truncation bearing 2 tilted points. Mandibular palp
present, article 3 immensely longer than article 2
(versus Lepechinella). Inner lobes of lower lip distinct
and fleshy. Palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate. Palp of
maxilliped 4-articulate.
Description. Eyes absent. Antennae elongate, thin.
Molar triturative; maxillae poorly setose; maxillipeds
ordinary. Coxae 2-4 short, coxa 1 slipper-shaped, longer
than coxa 4. Gnathopods ordinary but elongate.
Pereopods simple, elongate; article 2 of pereopods 5-7
almost rectolinear. Rami of uropod 3 elongate and rodlike. Telson poorly cleft, lobes not gaping.
Urosomites 2-3 coalesced. Body dorsally carinate and
toothed on midline, poorly setose. Gill formula 2-6;
oostegites thin.
Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.
Relationship. Differing from Lepechinella in the
elongate article 3 of the mandibular palp.
See Lepechinelloides.
Species. Paralepechinella longicornis Ledoyer, 1982b
[618A]; P. longipalpa Pirlot, 1933 [603B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Indonesia and
west Indian Ocean, 1301 rn, 2 species.
Polycheria Haswell
Figs 51G, 52H, 53F,G, 54C
Polycheria Haswell, 1879b: 345.-Thurston, 1974a: 18 (key).
Type species. Polycheria tenuipes Haswell, 1879b,
selected by J.L. Barnard, 1969a.
Diagnosis. Cephalic lobes pointed or rounded,
occasionally with weak flange. Mandibular palp absent.
Inner lobes of lower lip well developed and fleshy.
Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate. Palp of maxilliped 4articulate.
Paralepechinella Pirlot, 1933: 161.
Description. Eyes present. Antennae elongate,
thin. Molar weakly triturative; maxillae moderately
setose; palp of maxilliped ordinary. Gnathopods
ordinary. Pereopods prehensile; article 2. of
pereopods 5-7 rectolinear. Rami of uropod 3
lanceolate. Telson elongate and deeply cleft.
Urosomites 2-3 coalesced; urosomite 1 dorsally toothed
or carinate. Gill formula [unknown]; oostegites scarcely
expanded.
Type species. Paralepechinella longipalpa Pirlot, 1933,
by original designation.
Sexual dimorphism. Male antenna 2 with anterior
pubescence on article 4. Eyes enlarged.
Paralepechinella Pirlot
Fig.53C
272
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Variables. Ocular lobes pointed (P. acanthocephala),
rounded (P. macrophthalma, P. tenuipes); coxa 1 with
point (P. similis), without point (P. gracilipes); coxa 4
bilobed (P. similis) , rounded posteroventrally (P.
gracilipes), pointed posteroventrally (P. macrophthalma),
with large anterior tooth (P. dentata), moderate tooth (P.
gracilipes), no tooth (P. tenuipes); merus longer than
propodus on pereopods 3-4 (P. similis, etc.), as long as
propodus (P. gracilis); and many more variables of
similar kind.
Relationship. This genus is distinguished from .all
others in its family by the prehensile pereopods 3-7,
each propodus bearing a tiny apical palm and fixed
finger.
Taxonomy confused; often assumed as single
polymorphic species but possibly composed of several
polymorphic species; see list of forms below.
SpeciJes. See Holman & Watling (1983b); P.
acanthocephala Schellenberg, 1931 [753]; P. acanthopoda
Thurston, 1974a [8701]; P. amakusaensis Hirayama, 1984b
[395]; P. antarctica (Stebbing, 1875b) (Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 1974) [870 + B + I]; P. atolli Walker, 1905b
(Pillai, 1957) (Ledoyer, 1972c, 1979a) [660]; P. a. orientalis
Hirayama, 1984b [395]; P. bidens Schellenberg, 1931
[751]; P. brevicornis Haswell, 1879b (Stebbing, 1910a)
[781]; P. cristata Schellenberg, 1931 [851]; P. dentata
Schellenberg, 1931 [833 + B]; P. gracilipes
Schellenberg, 1931 (Thurston, 1974b)[810]; P. intermedia
Stephensen, 1947a [851]; P. japonica Bulycheva, 1952
[391]; P. kergueleni (Stebbing, 1888) (Schellenberg,
1931) [851]; P. macrophthalma Schellenberg, 1931 [864];
P. nuda Holman & Watling, 1983b [872B]; P. obtusa
Thomson, 1882 (J.L. Barnard, 1972b) [775 + I]; P. osborni
Calman, 1898 (Skogsberg & Vansell, 1928) (J.L.
Barnard, 1969a,b, 1979b) [379 + I]; P. similis Schellenberg,
1931 [830 + I]; P. tenuipes Haswell, 1879b
(?Schellenberg, 1931) [781]; species, (P. atolli
identifications of K.H. Barnard, 1916, 1940) (Schellenberg,
1925a) (Griffiths, 1973-75) [440]; species (plural) (P.
antarctica identification of Walker, 1904) (Chilton,
1921d, 1923b) (Hale, 1929) (Shoemaker, 1935c) (Pirlot,
1938) [various localities].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, mostly deep
southern hemisphere but extending to Ceylon, Japan
and Puget Sound, usually burrowing in tests of
tunicates such as Amaroucium species or Distaplia
species, 0-548 m, speciation debatable, perhaps 19+
species.
Sebadexfus Ledoyer
Sebadexius Ledoyer, 1984:56.
Type . species. Sebadexius neocaledoniensis Ledoyer,
1984, original designation.
Diagnosis. Cephalic lobes pointed. Mandibular palp
absent. Inner lobes of lower lip well developed and
fleshy. Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate. Palp of maxilliped
4-articulate. One or more posterior body segments
feebly tridentate.
Description. Eyes present. Antennae elongate, thin.
Molar weakly triturative; maxillae poorly setose; palp
of maxilliped vestigial, outer plate large, palp thick but
not exceeding outer plate. Coxae 1-4 ordinary.
Gnathopods slender, strongly chelate. Pereopods
simple; article 2 of pereopods 5-7 strongly expanded.
Rami of uropod 3 lanceolate. Telson short, deeply cleft.
Urosomites 2-3 coalesced; urosomite 1 dorsally toothed.
Metasomites 2-3 (1 badly observed) weakly tridentate.
Gill formula [unknown]; oostegites [unknown].
Sexual dimorphism. Male unknown.
Relationship. Similar to Paradexamine in most
characters but differing from all other dexaminids in the
strongly chelate gnathopods.
Species. Sebadexius neocaledoniensis Ledoyer, 1984
[586].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, New Caledonia,
shallow water, in algae, 1 species.
Syndexamine Chilton
Figs 50, 54A
Syndexamine Chilton, 1914: 332.-J.L. Barnard, 1972a: 142
(key).
Type species. Syndexamine carinata Chilton, 1914,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Cephalic lobes rounded or subtruncate
(weakly verticalised). Mandibular palp absent. Inner
lobes of lower lip of medium size. Palp of maxilla 1 1articulate. Palp of maxilliped 4-articulate.
Description. Eyes present. Antennae variable,
elongate and thin or shortened and antenna 1 thickened.
,Molar moderately triturative to smooth. Maxillae
moderately: to poorly setose; inner plate of maxilliped
small to large, palp small to large (type). Coxa 1-4
ordinary or coxa 1 slightly acuminate. Gnathopods
ordinary. Pereopods simple to weakly prehensile; article
2 of pereopods 5-7 expanded or rectolinear. Rami of
uropod 3 lanceolate or foliaceous. Telson deeply cleft.
Urosomites 2-3 coalesced. Pleon weakly carinate on
midline. Gills and oostegites [unknown].
Variables. Incisor untoothed and cornified (type, S.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
wane), ordinary and toothed (S. runde, etc.); molar
smooth (type), triturative (S. runde, etc.); inner plate of
maxilliped well developed and setose (type), poorly
developed and almost naked (S. nuttoo), palp large (S.
mullauna); palms of gnathopods oblique (type), almost
transverse (S. wane); article 2 of pereopod 7 narrow
(type, S. wane) broad (S. nuttoo, S. wunda, S. runde)
(many others intermediate); pereopods 5-6 weakly
prehensile (S. mullauna); rami of uropod 3 foliaceous (S.
mullauna, S. wane).
273
Description. Eyes present. Antennae elongate, thin.
Molar triturative; maxillae poorly setose; palp of
maxilliped small. Coxae 1-2 ordinary, 3-4 bilobed or
biacuminate, 4 not excavate posteriorly (sinuate
instead). Gnathopods ordinary. Pereopods simple but
with weak look of prehensility owing to conjunction of
dactyl with article 5; article 2 of pereopods 5-7 almost
rectolinear. Outer ramus of uropod 2 shortened. Rami of
uropod 3 lanceolate. Telson elongate and deeply cleft.
Urosomite 1 toothed in midline. Gill formula 2-7, some
gills in male plaited; oostegites slightly expanded.
Relationship. See Paradexamine.
Species. Syndexamine carinata Chilton, 1914
(Sheard, 1938) [776]; S. mullauna I.L. Barnard, 1974a
[785]; S. nuttoo I.L. Barnard, 1972a [782]; S. runde I.L.
Barnard, 1972a [780]; S. wane I.L. Bamard, 1972a [785];
S. wunda I.L. Barnard, 1972a [787]; species of I.L.
Barnard, 1972a [785].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, New Zealand
and southern Australia, 0-50 m, 6 species.
Tritaeta Boeck
Fig.52D
Lampra Boeck, 1871b: 188 [homonym, Lepidoptera].
Tritaeta Boeck, 1876: 317 [new name].-Lincoln, 1979a: 452.
Type
species.
Atylus
gibbosus
Bate,
1862,
Variable. Article 5 on pereopods 3-7 with chela,
thus carpochelate (T. chelata).
Relationship. Differing from Dexamine in the
elongate article 4 of pereopods 3-7 and the prehensile
look of those pereopods owing to the shortness of
article 6 compared to the lengths of dactyl and adjacent
proximal spines.
Species. See Chevreux & Page (1925); Gurjanova
(1951); Karaman (1969); Ledoyer (1977); Miloslawskaya
(1931,1939); Mordhukhai-Boltovskoi (1969); Stephensen
(1928, 1929, 1940a); Vader (1969a); T. chelata Chevreux,
1925 [441]; T. gibbosa (Bate, 1862) (?= T. brevitarsus
Grube, 1861) (= T. dolichonyx Nebeski, 1881) (Sars, 1895)
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Reid, 1951) (Karaman, 1973b)
(Lincoln, 1979a) [352].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Norway to
Senegal and Black Sea, 0-150 m, on sponges and
ascidians, 2 species.
monotypy.
Prophliantinae Nicholls
Diagnosis.
Cephalic lobes weakly pointed,
truncate or rounded. Mandibular palp absent. Inner
lobes of lower lip obsolescent. Palp of maxilla 1 1articulate. Palp of maxilliped 3-articulate. Coxae 3-4
bilobed or biacuminate; article 4 of pereopods 3-7
slightly longer than article 2, articles 5 and 6 together
about three fourths as long as article 4 (versus
Dexamine). Pereopods 3-7 with false prehensility
(versus Dexaminella).
Diagnosis. Pereopods 5-7 diverse; pereopod 5
much shorter than pereopod 4, article 2 much broader
than in pereopod 4 and articles 4 and 5 much broader
and more heavily setose than on pereopods 5-6; article
2 of pereopod 5 grossly pyriform, highly convex on
anterior margin and article 2 asymmetrical. Coxa 5
enlarged.
Key to Genera of Prophliantinae
1.
Article 4 of pereopod 5 broadly and asymmetrically
expanded, article 3 of gnathopod 2 elongate
Prophlias
- - Article 4 of pereopod 5 and article 3 of gnathopod 2
ordinary
2
2.
Article 5 of pereopod
enveloping article 6
7
- .- Article 5 of pereopod 7 ordinary
broadened
and
often
Haustoriopsis
3
274
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
3.
Antenna 2 of female vestigial, 3-articulate, lateral
cephalic lobes fully enveloping eye
Dexaminoculus
--Antenna 2 of female 7+articulate, eyes disjunct from
margins of cephalic lobes
Guernea
Dexaminoculus Lowry
Madagascar and Australia, 0-24 m, 3 species.
Fig.51C
Guernea Chevreux
Sphaerophthalmus Spandl, 1923b: III [homonym, Trilobita].
Dexaminoculus Lowry, 1981a: 191 (new name,same type
species).
Type species. Sphaerophthalmus grobbeni Spandl,
1923f, 1924a, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Only urosomites 2-3 coalesced.
Antenna 2 of female vestigial, 3-articulate and thin.
Article 5 of pereopod 7 thin. Maxilla 1 with large 1articulate palp (D. acutipes). Article 4 of pereopod 5
thin.
Description. Cephalic lobes rounded, fully
enveloping eye. Eyes present. Molar large but weakly
triturative, right rakers 3 (type), left 1, (D. acutipes),
mandibular palp absent; maxillae poorly setose; inner
plates of maxilliped of medium size, outer plates large,
palp 3-articulate. Coxae 1-4 ordinary. Palms of
gnathopods transverse; gnathopod 1 short, carpus
broad arid lobate, article 4 short, underslinging carpus;
gnathopod 2 elongate, carpus thin, not lobate, article 4
very elongate. Pereopods simple, pereopods 5-7 weakly
typical of subfamily. Uropod 2 strongly shortened (or
not), outer ramus shortened; uropod 3 small, rami
broadly lanceolate. Telson elongate and deeply cleft.
Pleon carinatedorsally and laterally (very weak). Gills
and oostegites [unknown].
Sexual dimorphism. [unknown].
Variables. Merus of gnathopod 2 longer than
carpus (D. acutipes); lobe on article 20f pereopod 6
sharp (D. acutipes); coxae 2 and 3 odd (see Lowry, 1981a:
fig.1).
Relationship. Differing from Guernea and
Dexaminella in the vestigial female antenna 2 and the
envelopment of the eyes by the lateral cephalic lobes.
From Dexaminella also in the presence of inner
plates of the maxillipeds.
Species. Dexaminoculus acutipes (Ledoyer, 1979a)
[698]; D. cavimanus Ledoyer, 1982b [698];D. grobbeni
Spandl, 1923b, 1924a (Lowry, 1981f) (Ledoyer, 1984)
[600N].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Red Sea to
Figs 50D, 51B, 52J, 53D, 54D,E
Helleria Norman, 1868: 418 [homonym, Isopoda] (Helleria
coalita Norman, 1868, monotypy).
Guernea Chevreux, 1887b: 302 (new name, same type
species).-Stebbing, 1906: 521 [in part].
Prinassus Hansen, 1888: 82 (Prinassus nordenskioldi
Hansen, 1888, original designation) [valid subgenus].
Dexamonica I.L. Bamard, 1958c: 130 (Dexamonica reduncans
I.L. Bamard, 1958c, monotypy) [subgeneric synonym of
Prinassus] .
Type species.
monotypy.
Helleria
coalita
Norman,
1868,
Diagnosis. Only urosomites 2-3 coalesced. Antenna
2 of female more than 7-articulate and thin. ArticleS of
pereopod 7 normally rectangular. Palp of maxilla 1
usually 2-articulate, rarely I-articulate, not greatly
exceeding outer plate. Article 4 of pereopod 5 not
asymmetrically expanded.
Description. Cephalic lobes rounded. Eyes present.
Molar weakly to scarcely triturative; rakers weak, sparse
or absent; mandibular palp absent; maxillae poorly
setose, though inner plate often with medial setae;
inner plate of maxilliped small to ordinary, palp slightly
reduced, 4-articulate. Gnathopods ordinary though palms
occasionally subtransverse. Pereopods simple,
pereopods 5-7 typical of subfamily. Uropod 2 short;
uropod 3 small, rami lanceolate. Telson deeply cleft.
Gills narrow, ovate or elliptical [formula unknown];
oostegites slender.
Sexual dimorphism. Body of male thinner and more
streamlined than in female, pleon enlarged, anterior
coxae· compacted; eyes enlarged; flagellum of antenna 2
elongate, multiarticulate; article 1 of antenna 1, article 4
of antenna 2 often swollen and brushy; uropod 3
setose (only spinose in female).
Variables. Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate (G. endota,
etc.); inner plate of maxilla 2 very short (G. timaru); inner
plate of maxilliped short (G. gelane), long (G. endota);
inner rami of uropods 1-2 reduced (G. gelane, G.
tumulosa); spines on uropods 1-2 shortened (G. rhomba,
G. tumulosa).
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Key to Subgenera of Guernea
Urosomite 1 with weak dorsal hump in both sexes .
........................................................................... (Guernea)
Urosomite 1 with retrorse dorsal process in female, high
keel in male
(Prinassus)
Species. See J.L. Barnard (1966a,b, 1970c);
Bulycheva (1957); Fage (1933); Gurjanova (1951);
Karaman (1973b); Shoemaker (1930a, 1955a); G =
(Guernea), P = (Prinassus); G. G. brevispinis Ledoyer,
1982b [698]; G. G. coalita (Norman, 1968) (= G. laevis
Chevreux 1887b) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Lincoln,
1979a) (Bellan-Santini, 1982a) [352]; G. G. endota J.L.
Bamard, 1972a [787]; G. G. gelane J.L. Bamard, 1972a
[781]; G. G. longicornis Ledoyer, 1982b [698]; G. G.
magnaphilostoma Hirayama, 1985b [395]; G. G. melape
J.L. Bamard, 1972a [780]; P. G. nordenskioldi (Hansen,
1888) (J.L. Bamard, 1970c) (Just, 1980) [354+]; P. G.
nullispina Hirayama, 1985b [395]; G. G. petalocera Ruffo,
1959 [677]; G. G. quadrispinosa Stephensen, 1944b
(Bulycheva, 1957) [391]; P. G. rectocephala Hirayama,
1985b [395]; P. G. reduncans (J.L. Bamard, 1958c, 1970c)
[373]; G. G. rhomba Griffiths, 1974a, 1975 [743]; G. G.
spinicornis Ledoyer, 1982b [698]; G. G. tenuipes
Ledoyer, 1979a [698]; P. G. terelamina Hirayama, 1985b
[395]; G. G. timaru J.L. Bamard, 1972b [773]; P. G.
tomiokaensis Hirayama, 1985b [395]; G. G. tumulosa
Griffiths, 1976b [7431]; G. G. unchalka J. L. Bamard,
1972a [787]; species, G. laevis identification of Walker,
1904 [665].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan
except for Antarctica, 0-255 m, 31 species.
Haustoriopsis Schellenberg
Figs 51F, 521, 53B, 54K
Haustoriopsis Schellenberg, 1938a: 12.·
Type species. Haustoriopsis reticulatus Schellenberg,
1938a, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Only urosomites 2-3 coalesced. Antenna
2 of female about 8-articulate and thin. Article 5 of
pereopod 7 broadly expanded, often forming antenor
and posterior lobes partially enveloping article 6. Palp
of maxilla 1 I-articulate, not reaching apex of outer
plate. Article 4 of pereopod 5., normally thin.
Description. Cephalic lobes rounded. Eyes present.
Molar non triturative, rakers absent, mandibular· palp
absent; maxillae poorly setose; inner plates of
maxilliped very small, outer plate large, palp
275
ordinary, 4-articulate. Gnathopods ordinary. Pereopods
simple, pereopods 5-7 typical of subfamily. Uropod 2
short; uropod 3 small, rami lanceolate. Telson
deeply cleft. Gills simple, formula [unknown]; oostegites
slender.
Variables. Article 5 of pereopod 7 strongly (H.
reticulatus) or scarcely (H. latipes) enveloping article 6;
article 4 of pereopod 5 dilated (H. latipes) or not (H.
reticulatus).
Relationship. Differing from Guernea in the
broadened article 5 of pereopod 7. Placed by
Ledoyer (1982b) as subgenus of Guernea owing to
intergradation by pereopod 7 of H. latipes to G.
tumulosa.
Species. Haustoriopsis latipes Ledoyer, 1979a (= H.
petalocera identification of Ledoyer, I973d) [698];
H. reticulatus Schellenberg, 1938a [595].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Indo-Pacific, 1242 m, 2 species.
Prophlias Nicholls
Figs 50J, 52E, 53A, 54J
Prophlias Nicholls, 1939: 312.-J.L. Bamard, 1972a: 161.
Type species. Prophlias anomalus Nicholls, 1939,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. All urosomites rigidly coalesced but·
weak suture of segment 1 partially visible. Antenna 2 of
female about 6-articulate, articles lamellar or palmate.
Article 5 of pereopod 7 normally rectangular. Palp of
maxilla 1 I-articulate, greatly exceeding outer plate.
Article 4 of pereopod 5 .asymmetrically expandeq.
Description. Cephalic lobes truncate (female) or
rounded (male). Eyes present. Molar poorly·· triturative,
mandibular palp absent; maxillae . poorly setose; inner
plates of maxilliped small, palp small, 4-articulate.
Coxae 1-4 ordinary or coxa 4 weakly acuminate. Palms
of gnathopods transverse, .article 3 of gnathopod 2
elongate. Pereopods simple, pereopods 5-7 typical of
subfamily. Uropod 2 short; uropod 3 small, rami
lanceolate. Telson deeply cleft. Gills and oostegites
[unknown].
Sexual dimorphism. Body of male thinner and
more streamlined than in female, pleon enlarged,
anterior coxae compacted; eyes enlarged; flagellum of
antenna 2 elongate, multiarticulate.
Attribute. Inner ramus of uropod 1 shortened.
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Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Relationship.. Differing from Guernea in the oddly
expanded article 4 of pereopod 5 and the elongate
article 3 of gnathopod 2.
Species.. Prophlias anomalus Nicholls, 1939 (I.L.
Bamard, 1972a)[788].
Habitat and distribution..
Australia, littoral, 1 species.
Marine,
western
Relationship.. Differing from the Lysianassidae in the
short article 3 of gnathopod 2 and from most of the
lysianassids except the cyphocarid and valettiopsid
'groups' in the strongly setose medial margins of the
maxillae.
Differing from the Sebidae in the completely
reduced uropod 3 lacking a ramus, the short
peduncular articles of antenna 1, the triturative molar,
and the conically grouped mouthparts with substyliform
labrum and labium.
DIDYMOCHELIIDAE Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 1986
Didymochelia K.H. Barnard
Fig.55
Diagnosis.. Peduncle of antenna 1 short, article 2
shorter than article 1, accessory flagellum 4-articulate.
Mouthparts forming conical bundle. Labrum elongate,
subpointed, entire. Mandible with palp, simple columnar
molar, left lacinia mobilis (right unknown), few to many
rakers, 3-articulate palp. Lower lip substyliform and
elongate, inner lobes absent, mandibular lobes weak to
strong and basal. Inner plates of maxillae strongly
setose medially. Maxilliped ordinary but outer plate
setose, palp dactyl stubby. Gnathopods slender and
chelate. Coxae 1-4 ordinary, coxa 5 almost as long as
coxa 4. Pleopites 3-4 with dorsal tooth-carina. Uropod
3 vestigial,composed only of scale-like peduncle.
Telson short, very broad, barely excavate apically.
Description.. Head of lysianassid form, rostrum
thick and of medium extension, lateral cephalic lobe
covering base of antenna 2, lacking antennal sinus. Basal
article of f1agell~m on antenna 1 longer than article 3 of
peduncle and heavily armed with aesthetascs
(callynophore). Outer plate of maxilla 1 apparently with
9 spines, palp 2-articulate, apically setose.
Pereopods ordinary, short. Coxae 6-7 pointed
posteroventrally. Epimera 1-3 with sinuous
posterior margins and medium posteroventral tooth.
Uropods 1-2 very short and stout. Female and gills
[unknown].
Didymochelia K.H. Bamard, 1931a: 429.-K.H. Bamard, 1932:
247
Type species.. Didymochelia spongicola K.H. Bamard,
1931 a, original designation.
Diagnosis.. With the familial characters.
Species.. Didymochelia edwardi Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 1986 [797B]; D. spongicola K.H. Bamard,
1931a, 1932 [833].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, South Georgia,
in sponge, 88-570 m, 2 species.
DOGIELINOTIDAE Gurjanova, 1953
Diagnosis.. Body laterally compressed, rostrum
short, urosomites 1-3 free. Accessory flagellum absent.
Palp of maxilla 1 vestigial, mandible lacking palp.
Coxae 1-4 large. Gnathopods 1-2 subchelate, pereopods
5-7 nearly alike. Uropod 3 very short, with 1 ramus or
without rami. Telson broader than ~ong, notched or
emarginate.
t
/fI.. ~~
.
(U,
Fig..55.. Didymocheliidae.· Didymocheila spongicola.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
See Haustoriidae, Kuriidae, Phliantidae and Talitridae.
Description.. Antennae 1-2 stout, with short
peduncle. Labrum with rounded distal margin. Epistome
variable, proboscoid or not; labium without inner lobes.
Mandible: molar triturative, strong; incisor toothed, palp
absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate conical, outer lobe with
several spines, palp vestigial, I-articulate. Maxilla 2:
plates moderately long, setose.Maxilliped: inner plate
normal, outer plate smaller than inner, palp 4-articulate,
articles 1-2 dilated at medial margin.
Coxa 5 remarkably shorter than coxa 4. Gnathopod
2 larger than gnathopod 1 in males. Pereopods 5-7 with
expanded article 2; articles 3-5 progressively
narrower towards pereopod 7. Pleopods well
developed, with short stout peduncle and 2
multiarticulate rami. Dropods 1-2 biramous. Dropod 3
very short, with or without single ramus. Gills ovoid,
277
flat, simple, occurring on coxae 2-6. Oostegites large,
occurring on coxae 2-5.
Sexual dimorphism.. Female gnathopod 2 small and
similar to gnathopod 1; male gnathopod 2 enlarged,
propodus expanded.
Relationship.. Haustoriidae have well-developed
mandibular palps and biramous third uropods.
Kuriidae have coalesced urosomites 1-3 and deeply
cleft telson.
Phliantidae have evanescent molars and a
dorsoventrally compressed body.
Differing from Hyalidae and other talitroids in spinose
antennae, heavily setose and fossorial pereopods (at
leastpereopods 3-5, not necessarily pereopods 6-7),
pereopods 5-6 especially with article 4 expanded; and
uropods 1-2 with peduncular setae.
Key to Genera of Dogielinotidae
1.
Drapod 3 with ramus
2
--Dropod 3 without ramus
2.
4
Epistome proboscoid
Proboscinotus
--Epistome not proboscoid
3.
Article 5 of pereopod 6
posteriorly, article 4 of
anterodorsal lobe
3
slender,
poorly setose
pereopods 3-4 without
Dogielinotus
--Article 5 of pereopod 6 stout, multi-setose posteriorly,
article 4 of pereopods 3-4 with sharp anterodorsal lobe
4.
Dogielinoides
Epimeron 3 with large tooth, epimera 1-2 with small
tooth, telson ~ith weak cleft-notch
Haustorioides
--Epimera 1-3 with large tooth, telson emarginate
Dogielinoides Bousfield
Dogielinoides Bousfield in Bousfield & Tzvetkova, 1982: 82.
Eohaustorioides
(Bousfield & Tzvetkova, 1982) [280].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, Japan Sea to
Kuril Islands, shallow sands, 1 species.
Type species. Dogielinotus golikovi Kudrjaschov,
1979, original designation.
Dogielinotus Gurjanova
Diagnosis.. Epistome not proboscoid; dactyl of
maxilliped with 1 nail; articles 4-5 of pereopods 3-4
well setose, article 4 with sharp anterodistal lobe; article
5 of pereopod 6 expanded; articles 4-5 of pereopod
6-7 multisetose; epimera 1-2 with weak tooth; epimeron
3 with medium tooth. Dropod 3 with ramus.
Species.. Dogielinotus golikovi (Kudrjaschov, 1979)
Fig.56A
Dogielinotus Gurjanova, 1953:
1982: 79.
23~.-Bousfield
& Tzvetkova,
Type species. Allorchestes moskvitini Derzhavin,
1930a, original designation.
278
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Diagnosis. Epistome not proboscoid; dactyl of
maxilliped with 1 nail; articles 4-5' of pereopods 3-4
multisetose, article 4 not lobate; article 5 of pereopod 6
not expanded; articles 4-5 of pereopods 6-7 barely
setose; epimera 1-3 with weak tooth; uropod 3 with
ramus.
maxilliped multisetose; articles 4-5 of pereopod 3-4
multisetose, article 4 without anterodistal lobe; article 5
of pereopod 6 expanded; articles 4-5 of pereopods 6-7
multisetose; .epimera 1-3 with large tooth; uropod 3
lacking ramus.
Species. Dogielinotus moskvitini (Derzhavin, 1930a,
Species. Eohaustorioides japonicus (Kamihira, 1977b,
1981) (Bousfield & Tzvetkova, 1982) [394].
1937) (= D. cimbaluki Kudrjaschov, 1972c; Kudrjaschov
& Zejagintsev, 1975) (Gurjanova, 1951, 1953, 1962)
(Bousfield & Tzvetkova, 1982) [280].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Hakodate,
Hokkaido, Japan, shallow water, 1 species.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Japan Sea to
Kuril Islands and Okhotsk Sea, shallow sands, 1
species.
Haustorioides Oldevig
Fig.56B
Eohaustorioides Bousfield & Tzvetkova
Haustorioides Oldevig, 1958: 343.-Bousfield & Tzvetkova,
1982: 87.
Eohaustorioides Bousfield & Tzvetkova, 1982: 92.
Type species. H austorioides japonicus Kamihira,
1977b, original designation.
Diagnosis. Epistome not proboscoid; dactyl of
Type species. Haustorioides munsterhjelmi Oldevig,
1958, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Epistome not proboscoid; dactyl of
maxilliped multisetose; articles 4-5 of pereopods 3-4
r3
B
Fig.56. Dogielinotidae. A, Dogielinotus sp.; B, Haustorioides munsterhjelmi.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
multisetose, article 4 with sharp anterodistal lobe;
article 5 of pereopod 6 expanded; articles 4-5 of
pereopods 6-7 multisetose; epimera 1-2 with weak
tooth, epimeron 3 with large tooth; uropod 3 lacking
ramus.
Species. See Bousfield & Tzvetkova, 1982; H.
gurjanovae Bousfield & Tzvetkova, 1982 [280]; H. magnus
Bousfield & Tzvetkova, 1982 [280]; H. munsterhjelmi
Oldevig, 1958 (J.L. Barnard, 1967d) [280]; species,
Kamihira, 1977a [394].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Japan Sea to
Kuril Islands and Okhotsk Sea, 3 species.
Proboscinotus Bousfield
Proboscinotus Bousfield in Bousfield & Tzvetkova, 1982:
84.
Type species. Dogielinotus loquax J.L. Barnard,
1967d, original designation.
Diagnosis. Epistome proposcoid; dactyl of
maxilliped multisetose; articles 4-5 of pereopods 3-4
multisetose, article 4 with weak blunt anterodistal lobe;
article 5 of pereopod 6 expanded; articles 4-5 of
pereopods 6-7 multisetose; epimera 1-2 with weak
tooth, epimeron 3 with medium tooth; uTOpod 3 with
ramus.
Species. Proboscinotus loquax (J.L. Bamard, 1967d,
1972b) (Bousfield & Tzvetkova, 1982) [268, 269].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Eureka,
California to Vancouver, Canada, shallow sands, 1
species.
EOPHLIANTIDAE Sheard, 1936b
Diagnosis. Body cylindroid (vermiform), coxae
small, often discontiguous. Head spheroid. Cuticle
smooth. Eyes bilateral. Antennae short, sparsely
articulate, accessory flagellum absent. Mandibular palp
vestigial or absent; molar nontriturative, often absent,
or spinose, rakers sparse to absent. Palp of maxilla 1
vestigial or absent. Gnathopods thin, feeble,
para«helate, or minutely subchelate. Pereopods short,
article 2 of pereopods 5-7 expanded. Uropod 3
vestigial, ramus absent. Telson entire (unusual) or
deeply cleft or fully bilobate, lobes usually forming
tent and slightly fleshy. Urosomites 2-3 occasionally
coalesced.
See Prophliantinae (= Dexaminidae), Phliantidae,
Kuriidae, Colomastigidae, Ceinidae, Temnophliantidae,
Plioplateidae, and other Talitroidea.
279
Description. Antennae nonspinose. .Inner lobes of
lower lip weak or absent. Antenna 2 rarely fused
basally with head. Mandibles slightly flattened and
twisted distally. Inner lobes of lower lip weak or absent.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 elongate and thin or weak to
vestigial; spines of outer plate usually fewer than 9.
Maxilla 2 poorly setose. Both plates of maxilliped
large, outer not larger than inner; palp stout, articles
short, article 2 usually not longer than article 1, dactyl
short, stubby, usually with elongate nail. Gnathopods
with small sharp chela, dactyl strongly overlapping
palm. Pleopods feeble, otherwise variable. Urosome
weak, uropods 1-2 usually small, poorly spinose, outer
rami often shortened. Uropod 3 plate-like, occasionally
with tiny spine or armament resembling vestigial
ramus. As far as known, gills small, weakly expanded,
2-6 or 2-5; oostegites expanded and furnished with
curl-tipped setae.
Variables. Pereonite 1 occasionally with ventral
cradle for support of head.
Eophliantids are probably all algal-burrowers.
Remarks. Type genus, Eophliantis, poorly known
(see J.L. Bamard, 1972b) and distinctions from Ceinina
unclear; key herein showing a probable generic
distinction.
Relationship. The Phliantidae have compressed or
depressed bodies and large splayed coxae.
Differing from the Colomastigidae in. the welldeveloped inner plates of the maxillipeds and the
presence of a distinct mandibular incisor; in some
Colomastigidae the incisor is presumed to be absent
and is replaced by a series of fused teeth representing
raker spines. Colomastigids usually have very stout
antennae and well-developed biramous uropod 3.
Prophliantinae (Dexaminidae) have large coxae,
diverse pereopods 5-7, bulky (not flattened)
mandibles, maxillipeds with very diverse plates, the
inner being small, and the outer very large,
well-developed biramous uropod 3 and long cleft
telson.
The Temnophliantidae have depressed crab-louse
bodies (like cyamids).
The Kuriidae, Ceinidae, Plioplateidae and all other
Talitroidea have compressed bodies with large
anterior coxae, and except for Najna have triturative
molars, and except for Chiltoniinae (Ceinidae) have a
well-developed ramus on uropod 3.
Certain Corophioidea have cylindrical bodies but
they have mandibular palps, triturative molars, ordinary
maxillae and· maxillipeds.
Nomenclature. Article 11 (t) of the International
Code of Zoological Nomenclature requires that a name
of the genus group " ...must be a noun in the nominative,
singular or treated as such". The name Eophliantis
Sheard (1936b; Crustacea) is the type genus of the
subfamily Eophliantinae Sheard (1936b), which was
280
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
compared with the Phliantinae as sister subfamilies of the
family Phliantidae, but the name of the genus from
which those family group names were formed was not
mentioned. That basonym is Phlias, the genitive of which
is Phliantis, and the family group names are therefore
correctly formed. The genus name Eophliantis is also
therefore obviously not in the nominative singular, but
in the genitive singular and does not satisfy the
requirements of Article 11 (0. For that reason the name
Eophliantis could be considered as unavailable. It could
also be considered an "...incorrect original spelling", as
dealt with in Article 32, but the provisions in that
Article do not cover names that do not meet the
requirements of Article 11, but only those of Articles 26
to 31, inadvertent errors, and multiple original
spellings.
Drs Curtis W. Sabrosky and George C. Steyskal
believe that Eophliantis could well be considered an
inadvertent error (Article 32.a.ii), in that the author
failed to note that Phlias is the basonym of Phliantidae
and Phliantinae and that therefore Eophlias is the
proper basonym of Eophliantinae.
Temnophlias Bamard (1916) is also the basonym of
a family group name, one that has been known as
Temnophliidae, but for the above reasons should be
corrected to Temnophliantidae.
This procedure will at least give consistency.
[The authors thank these exp'erts for their view].
Key to Genera of Eophliantidae
Telson uncleft and fused to urosomites 2-3, flagella of
antennae 1-2 with only 1 article
Lignophliantis
-.- ' Telson cleft, distinct from urosome, flagella of antennae
1-2 with'more than 2 articles
2
1.
2.
Pleopods with 1 ramus
Cylindryllioides
- - Pleopods with 2 rami
3.
3
All coxae contiguous
Wandelia
- - Some or all coxae 'discontiguous
4.
Pereonite
- - Pereonite
5.
4
with ventral cradle
Bircenna
lacking ventral cradle
5
Posterior lobe on articles 4-5 of pereopods 5-7 with
0-1 vestigial seta
Ceinina
- - Posterior lobe on articles 4-5 of pereopods 5-7
densely setose, setae elongate
Eophliantis
Bircenna Chilton
fully cleft.
Figs 57D, 58B,H,I
Bircenna Chilton, 1884a: 264.-Stebbing, 1906: 205.Sheard, 1936b: 460.-Nicholls, 1939: 328 (key).-J.L.
Bamard, 1972b: 180.
.
Type species.
tnonotypy.
Bircenna
fulvus
ChiltoD,
1884a,
Diagnosis. Flagella of antennae 1-2 with 4+ articles.
Pereonite 1 with ventral cradle for support of head.
Coxae 2-4 or 4-5 discontiguous. Posterior lobe on
articles 4-5 of pereopods 5-7 with 2-3 medium sized setae.
Pleopods biramous, peduncles expanded. Telson almost
Description. Antenna 1 larger than antenna 2.
Right lacinia mobilis absent or like left,. rakers 3-4, left
lacinia mobilis tiny, bifid, rakers 1-2; molars tiny and
simple or absent. Inner plate of maxilla 1 thin, elongate,
with 1 thick apical seta; outer plate with 5-6 thick and 2
thin spines. Dactyl of maxillipedwith short apical
setae. Coxae extremely short. Chela of gnathopods large
or small. Pereopod 7 much larger than pereopod 5;
article 2 of pereopods 5-7 moderately to strongly
expanded, weakly to :strongly lobate on pereopod 7.
Outer ramus of uropod 1 usually long, but when
short, especially so on male; of uropod 2 slightly
shortened or not. Uropod 3 weakly bilobate '(depending
on view), or broad, with 2-4 short setae in row, with 1
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
281
Ceinina Stephensen
jewel spine and occasional other setule (based on
type); or uropod 3 subcircular and bearing pointed
cusp or spine. Lobes of telson tightly appressed in tent
form, triangular, with several thick setules (type).
Urosomites 2-3 coalesced.
Ceinina Stephensen, 1933e: 63.-J.L. Bamard, 1972b: 183.
Relationship. Differing from all other eophliantids
in the ventral cradle of pereonite 1.
Type species.. Ceinina japonica Stephensen, 1933e,
monotypy.
Species. Bircenna dronga Myers, 1985c [576]; B.
(Kreibohm-de-Paternoster, 1976) [775 + 862]; B. ignea
Nicholls, 1939 (J.L, Barnard, 1972a) [794]; B. nichollsi
Sheard, 1936b (Nicholls, 1939) [785]; species, (B.
crassipes identification of Stephensen, , 1949) [731].
Diagnosis. Flagellum of antenna 1 with 3 articles, of
antenna 2 with 2 articles. Pereonite ,I lacking ventral
cradle. All coxae discontiguous. Posterior lobe on
articles 4-5 of pereopods 5-7 with only small seta.
Pleopods with 2 rami, peduncles weakly expanded.
Telson fully cleft.
Habitat and di~tribution. Marine, cool water New
Zealand, Australia,' Fiji, Argentina, and ?Tristan da
Cunha, shallow water, 4+ species.
Description. Antennae subequal, very short. Right
and left laciniae mobiles plate-like, deeply 4-toothed,
teeth sharp; rakers and molars absent. Inner plate of
fu/va Chilton, 1884a, 1909a (J.L. Barnard, 1972b)
Fig.57F
B
o
o
Fig.57. Eophliantidae. A:Wandelia wairarapa; B, Eophliantis tindalei; C, Wandelia crassipes; D, Bircennafulva;
E, Cylindryllioides kaikoura;F, Ceinina japonica.
282
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
maxilla 1 thin, elongate, with 1 medium apical seta; outer
plate with 8 more or less similar spines. Dactyl of
maxilliped with short apical setae. Coxae extremely
short. Pereopod 7 larger than pereopod 5; article 2 of
pereopods 5-7 expanded, moderately lobate on
pereopod 6, deeply lobate and elongate on pereopod
7. Outer rami of uropods 1-2 slightly shortened.
Uropod 3 unlobate, with 1 small apical seta. Lobes of
telson partly appressed, not strongly tent shaped, each
subovate, thus with gape in cleft. Urosomites 2-3
coalesced.
Relationship. Differing from Eophliantis in having
only 0-1 seta on the posterior margin of each lobe on
articles 4-5 of pereopods 5-7.
Species. Ceinina japonica Stephensen, 1933e (=
Wandelia japonensis Nicholls, 1939) (Gurjanova, 1951)
[391]; C. tatipes Ledoyer, 1978b [697].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Japan, Hokkaido,
and Mauritius, 0 m, 2 species.
Cylindryllioides Nicholls
Figs 57E, 58D,E
Type species. Cylindryllioides mawsoni Nicholls,
1938, original designation.
Diagnosis. Flagella of antenna 1-2 with 4 + articles.
Pereonite 1 without ventral cradle. All coxae
discontiguous. Posterior lobe on articles 4-5 of
pereopods 5-7 with only 1-2 small setae. Pleopods
uniramous, poorly articulate, peduncles unexpanded.
Telson almost fully cleft.
Description. Antennae subequal. Right lacinia
mobilis either absent or formed like raker, simple, left
lacinia mobilis bifid, rakers 2-3; molars small to medium,
weakly humped or ridge-like, spinose or setose. Inner
plate of maxilla 1 thin, elongate, with 1 thick apical
seta; outer plate with 5-6 thick and 1-2 thin spines. 1 seta
on dactyl of maxilliped very elongate and whip-like.
Coxae extremely short. Pereopod 7 only slightly larger
than pereopod 5; article 2 of pereopods 5-7
moderately expanded, subquadrate or trapezoidal,
unlobate. Outer rami of uropods 1-2 shortened or not.
Uropod 3 with 1 jewel spine and 2-3 setae in row.
Lobes of telson tightly appressed in tent form, with
several thick setules (?or none). Urosomites 2-3
coalesced.
Relationship. Differing from other genera in the
Eophliantidae by the uniramous pleopods.
Cylindryllioides Nicholls, 1938: 58.-J.L. Bamard, 1972b:
183.
Species. Cylindryllioides kaikoura J.L. Bamard, 1972b
w
~
a
[m
A
B
~)B
m
A
B
C
r3
B
B
CiV
H
):
B
F
~2
1
~F
G
A
D
A
Fig.58. Eophliantidae. A, Wandelia crassipes; B, Bircenna fulva;C, Wandelia japonensis; D, Cylindryllioides
kaikoura; E, ·Cylindryllioides mawaoni; F, Eophliantis tindalei; G, Wandelia wairarapa; H, Bircenna nichollsi; I,
Bircenna ignea.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
[774]; C. mawsoni Nicholls, 1938, 1939 (Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 1974) [880].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, New Zealand,
Macquarie, Kerguelen, Crozet, 0-2 m, 2 species.
Eophliantis Sheard
Figs 57B, 58F
Eophliantis Sheard, 1936b: 457.-I.L. Bamard, 1972b: 184.
Type species. Eophliantis tindalei Sheard, 1936b,
original designation..
Diagnosis. Flagella of antennae 1-2 with 3-4 articles.
Pereonite 1 without ventral cradle (as far as known).
Most coxae (apparently) discontiguous. Posterior lobe
on articles 4-5 of pereopods 5-7 densely setose, setae
elongate. Pleopods with 2 well-developed rami,
peduncles expanded. Telson cleft.
Description. Antennae similar. Right and left
laciniae mobilesand rakers apparently absent; molars
small, blunt. Inner plate of maxilla 1 thin, elongate, with
1 thick:, short apical seta; outer plate with 5 larger and 1
smaller spines. Dactyl of maxilliped with short apical
setae (implied from description). Coxae apparently
extremely small. Pereopod 7 much .larger than pereopod
5; article 2 of pereopod 5 apparently unexpanded, very
slender, of pereopods 6-7 broadly expanded, deeply
lobate on pereopod 7. Outer rami of uropods 1-2 slightly
shortened. Uropod 3 weakly bilobate, with 2-3 short
setae and possibly 1 jewel spine. Lobes of telson
apparently closely appressed in tent form, shape possibly
ovate, with several thick setules. Urosomites 2-3 said
to be discrete.
Morphology
confounded
by
mixture
of
interpretations and possible. mixture of different species
and genera in material of type species; see Nicholls
(1939) and I.L. Barnard (1972b) for exposition.
Relationship. See Bircenna, Ceinina and Wandelia.
Species. Eophliantis tindalei Sheard, 1936b (in part)
(Nicholls, 1939, in part) (I.L. Bamard, 1972b) [783].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Tasmania,
littoral, 1 species.
Lignophliantis I.L. Barnard
Lignophliantis I.L. Bamard, 1969a: 103.
Type species. Lignophliantis pyrifera I.L. Barnard,
1969a, original designation.
283
Diagnosis. Flagella of antennae 1-2 with only 1
article. Pereonite 1 without ventral cradle. Coxae 3-7
discontiguous. Articles 4-5 of pereopods 5-7 neither
lobate nor setose, nor bearing basal setae on article 4.
Pleopods with 2 rami, inner ramus short, peduncles
not expanded. Telson uncleft, fused to urosomites
2-3.
Description. Antenna 1 larger· than antenna 2.
Right lacinia mobilis, if present, weakly bifid apically, 1
vestigial raker possibly present; left mandible
unknown; molar styliform, flagellate. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 short, pointed sharply, setulate; outer plate with
3-4 large and 1 smaller spines. Dactyl of maxilliped
attenuate and not setose apically. Anterior coxae not
extremely shortened. Gnathopods not parachelate, palms
vestigial. Pereopod 7 not larger than pereopod 3; .article
2 of pereopods 5-7 small and scarcely expanded.
Pleopodal rami apparently not multiarticulate. Inner
rami of uropods 1-2 moderately and slightly shortened.
Uropod 3 leaf-l~ke, simple. Urosomites 2-3 and uncleft
telson coalesced.
Relationship. Differing from all other eophliantids
in the uncleft telson fused to the urosome.
Species. Lignophliantis pyrifera I.L. Bamard, 1969a
[373].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, southern
California, littoral, 1 species.
Wandelia Chevreux
Figs 57A,C, 58A,C,G
Wandelia Chevreux, 1906b: 87.J.L. Bamard, 1972b: 187.
Type species. Wandelia crassipes Chevreux, 1906b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Flagella of antenna 1-2 with 5+ articles.
Pereonite 1 lacking ventral cradle. All coxae
contiguous. Posterior lobe on articles 4-5 of pereopods
5-7 with only 1-2 small setae. Pleopods with 2 rami,
peduncles weakly expanded. Telson fully cleft.
Description. Antennae subequal (or antenna 1
slightly shorter, thicker and poorly articulate). Right
lacinia mobilis spiniform, left broad and multidentate,
rakers absent (type) or 2; molar absent, palp absent or
?tiny palp present (type). Inner plate of maxilla. 1 thin,
elongate, with 1-2 small setae; outer plate with 7 large
and 1 small spines. Dactyl of maxilliped with short apical
setae. Coxae not extremely small. Pereopod 7 much
larger than pereopoQ 5; article 2 of pereopods 5-7
strongly expanded, weakly lobate on all. Rami of
uropods 1-2 extending equally. Uropod 3 weakly
284
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
bilobate, with or without (type) jewel spine and 2-3
other small setae. Lobes of telson tightly appressed in
tent form, triangular, with 1-2 apical setae. Urosomites 23 coalesced.
Mandibular palp in type possibly misinterpreted as
piece of attachment tendon; W. wairarapa with atypical
antenna 1 and pleopods (inner ramus with lateral
hook).
Relationship. Differing from Bircenna, Ceinina
and Eophliantis in the contiguous coxae.
Species. Wandelia crassipes Chevreux, 1906a,b
(Nicholls, 1939) (Thurston, 1974a,b) [870]; W. wairarapa
J.L. Bamard, 1972b [774].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica and
New Zealand, 0-40 m, 2 species.
EUSIRIDAE Stebbing, 1888
Calliopiidae Sars, 1895: 431.
Pontogeneiidae Stebbing, 1906: 356.
Gammarellidae Bousefield, 1977: 309 [most of these taxa are
in Bamard & Bamard, 1983].
Diagnosis. Accessory flagellum 0 to 2-articulate. A
polyphyletic assemblage marked by reduction of
accessory flagellum but lacking other synapomorphic
specialisations.
See G,ammarida, Pleustidae, Liljeborgiidae,
Dexaminidae, Vitjazianidae, Iphimediidae (=
Acanthonotozomatidae,
Paramphithoidae),
Paracalliopiidae, Lap"hystiopsidae, Exoedicerotidae,
Bolttsiidae and Stilipedidae.
Description. Accessory flagellum absent or
represented by bulge or quadrate projection on article
3 of antenna 1, or formed of articulate scale or
articulate barrel, occasionally elongate, rarely formed by
long article tipped with short article 2. Ordinary article
1 of primary flagellum longer than article 2 of
flagellum but shorter than article 3 of peduncle. Rostrum
variable, large to absent. Labrum usually entire, rarely
incised or deeply bilobed. Mandibles with 3-articulate
palp, molar triturative, rarely reduced and simple. Labium
with or without inner lobes but not of form in
Pleustidae. Other mouthparts basic though many genera
with reduced medial and facial· setation on inner plates
of maxillae, several genera with reduced palp of ,maxilla
1, one genus' (~aothoes) with enlarged outer plate of
maxilliped.
Coxae medium to very short, coxa 4 occasionally
without excavation or posterior lobe. Gnathopods
variable, powerful and subchelate, usually small and
moderately subchelate, occasionally feeble and/or simple
(Harpinioides); some genera with so-called 'eusirid'
gnathopods, those having propodus attached to carpus
by narrow neck allowing great flexibility, these
gnathopods appearing hammer-shaped. Pereopods 3-7
variable but 5-7 without internal diversity- or
subgrouping. Outer ramus of uropods 1-2 usually
shortened. Rami of uropod 3 broadly lanceolate, flat, 1articulate, outer often shortened, inner rarely
shortened; peduncle short or elongate, uropod 3 often
overextending uropod 1. Telson ordinary or elongate,
entire or cleft, emarginate or trifid, linguiform or
triangular, usually very poorly armed but occasional
genera with several elongate apical setae or weak
spines, apex of entire or lobate telson often with
cusps.
Body occasionally carinate or toothed but never
very strongly (Rhachotropis and Austroregia
strongest).
Calceoli. Two kinds of calceoli occur in taxa of this
group (Lincoln & Hurley, 1981). In the pontogeneiidcalliopiid-paracalliopiid kind the proximal element and
the distal element are closely contiguous, the proximal
element not forming a separate cup. That form is
found in Apherusa, Bovallia, Calliopius, Eusiroides,
Halirages, Paramoera and Pontogeneia.
In the Eusirid-Amathillopsis form the distal element
is fully discontiguous from the proximal, element and
forms a cup or tympanum. This is found in Eusirus,
Rhachotropis and Schraderia.
Unfortunately calceoli are not found in all genera
nor some species of the partly _calceoliferous genera so
that they can only be used in this group to visualise
certain subgroupings. They suggest that Paracalliopiidae
have their roots in the Pontogeneiid-Calliopiid genera
whereas Gammarellus, Chosroes as a group, and the
Oedicerotidae have their roots in the eusirid genera.
In other places evidence is presented that
Oedicerotidae might have funnelled out of
pontogeneiids near paracalliopiids directly without
going through eusirids.
Relationship. Eusirids represent a diverse group, of
taxa of 'gammaroid form, mostly living in the sea, that
have lost or had the accessory flagellum severely
reduced. Eusirids therefore intergrade Gammaroidea
because several' gammaroids have reduced accessory
flagella. Eusirids can be described simply as derived
grades of gammaroids. Decision on familial assignment
can often be difficult but generally is assisted by
studying the 'facies' or 'jizz'. This means that one must
try to match the taxon in question with some
generalised member ,of the Gammaroidea. The lack of
matching is especially notable in many Eusiridae
b~cause gammaroids generally' have more strongly
spinose' telsons, and more often have dispariramous
uropod 3 with 2-articulate outer ramus and strongly
shortened inner rami whereas in Eusiridae quite the
opposite is true. A few taxonomists have suggested that
eusirids. are more primitive than gammaridans but
they have not yet justified the loss of accessory
flagellum nor constructed an ancestor for this
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
deployment. Most eusirids have the outer rami of
uropods 1 and 2 (often 3) shortened, and many have
weak or feeble gnathopods. The suspected eusirid
can be keyed through the Gammaroidea keys in
Barnard & Barnard (1983) until some absurd position is
reached. Many small hints can be found to aid in
taxonomic assignments. For example, almost no
gammaroid has strong alternation in size of flagellar
articles on antenna 1, a characteristic of dozens of
species of eusirids. No eusirid has a basofacial spine on
the peduncle of uropod 1, a character present in
many gammaroids. Few gammaroids have both outer
rami of uropods 1 and 2 shortened and almost never
have shortened outer rami of uropod 3. Few marine
gammaroids have calceoli, as strongly developed as in
many eusirids. Pereopods 5 to 7 in eusirids usually are
rigidly like each other (except Rhachotropis), whereas
fewer gammaroids have rigidly similar pereopods 5 to
7. The linguiform uncleft telson of so many eusirids
(the old calliopiids) is almost never found in
gammaroids, especially marine taxa. Most marine
gammaroids with cleft telsons also have strong telsonic
armament.
In the time of Stebbing (1906) the eusirid concept
focussed on the enlarged pleosome, the calliopiid on
the uncleft telson, and the pontogeneiid on the cleft
telson. These divisions have not worked well and in the
last two decades all have been synonymised. However,
there is a possibility that Calliopius and Gammarellus are
confamilial and this is why the names calliopiid and
gammarellid are still honoured. The Melphidippidae
connect
by
analogy
to
eusirids
through
Metaleptamphopus which has the similar elongate
uropod 3 with elongate peduncle; the latter taxon
resembles Melphisana of Melphidippidae in the uncleft
telson, obsolete accessory flagellum, slightly enlarged
coxae and well-developed rostrum. Eusirids never
have the melphidippid combination of almost simple
gnathopod 1 with carpus longer than propodus and
broadly lobate.
Pleustidae differ from Eusiridae mainly, in their lower
lips described as tilted oval outer lobes astride almost
fused inner lobes. The lower lips of Mesopleustes
(Pleustidae) and Harpinioides (Eusiridae) bridge the
small difference between the families.
Iphimediidae (= Acanthonotozomatidae, Paramphithoidae) always have one of the first four pairs of
coxae pointed. But iphimediids and eusirids are
bridged by Austroregia and Cleippides which have
the subacuminate anterior coxae. On the basis 'of
calceoli, Austroregia belongs, with the Gammarellidae, a
family apparently synonymous with the Calliopiidae;
the generic content of this" so-called family is
very restricted so that most taxa formerly considered
as the 'pontogeneiid' fraction no longer belong in
Calliopiidae, but the Pontdgeneiidae have not yet
been sufficiently well defined to be usable as a
concept and we place those genera in our Eusiridae.
In any event this kind of handbook is 'not the
285
place to try to present a phylogenetic classification nor
to solve major nomenclatural questions.
The Laphystiopsidae appear to be derivative from
Eusiridae in which the gnathopods are completely
simple as in the iphimediid Cleippides, and the
maxillipedal palp is poorly setose.
The Vitjazianidae are somewhat more distinct in that
at least gnathopod 1 is simple (like Cleippides) and also
bears an elongate dacty I reminiscent of ordinary
pereopod 3 in many families. The peduncle of antenna
1 on Vitjazianidae is very short and formed in fashion
similar to Lysianassidae.
Oedicerotidae have disproportionately long
pereopod 7 and densely setose coxae and
pereopods.
Most Synopiidae have multiarticulate accessory
flagellum, but those which do not, have a massive,
usually galeate head, a frequently strong deflexion
of rostrum (but like certain eusirids such as
Rhachotropis), and a nondominant coxa 4. The
feeble gnathopods, but especially the feeble
mandibular palp on which article 3 is extremely short,
also characterise synopiids.
The total absence of molar and the laminar,
broadly toothed incisor of()ne mandible distinguish
Pardaliscidae. The strange laminar mandible similar
to Pardaliscidae helps to distinguish stilipedids
(= astyrids).
Stilipedidae have a very strong gap between the
outer lobes of' the lower lip, the gnathopods are simple
but not so strongly different 'from Pseudomoera or
Cleippides (in combination), and likeCleippides (but
no other incipient eusirid, except Laothoes) the outer
plate of the maxillipeds is greatly enlarged.
All Liljeborgiidae have a nontriturative molar but
most also have a large multiarticulate accessory
flagellum. Most of them have a' feeble mandibular palp
with short article 3, weak plates on the maxilliped, and
large apical spines on- the telson.
Dexaminidae have pleonites 5-6 coalesced.
Pseudamphilochidae could be confused with
Eusiridae but have a subtle combination of headantennal shape, mandibles, gnathopods and uropod 3
that is distinctive.
Hyperiopsidae have very elongate fourth articl~s on
pereopods 3 and 4 and the palp of maxilla 1 is weakly
geniculate or curved medially.
Removals. Clarencia has been removed to, its
own family which is characterised by chelate
gnathopods and uniramous uropod 3.
Cleippides has been transfered to Iphimediidae.
Chosroes has been transfered to the vicinity of
Gammarellus in Gammaroidea.
Paraleptamphopus has been transfered to
Gammaroidea.
HarpiniQidella is a synonym of Harpinioides.
Some of these genera are nevertheless retained in
the generic keys to Eusiridae.
286
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Key 1 to Genera of Eusiridae
(See also Bulycheva, 1986, for key to 'Calliopiidae')
1.
Pleonites 1-2 tricarinate
Regalia
- - Pleonites 1-2 not tricarinate
2
2.
3
Mandibular molar nontriturative, usually conical
- - Mandibular molar triturative, columnar, rather conical
(Atylopsis)
3.
6
Gnathopods 1-2 of eusirid form
Eusiropsis
- - Gnathopods 1-2 not eusirid-like
4
4. _ Inner plate of maxilla 2 broader than outer; palp of
maxilla 1 short, article 1 longer than article 2 [vaguely
Stilipedidae]
[vaguely also Pseudamphilochus]Eusirella
- - Inner plate of maxilla 2 not broader than outer; palp
of maxilla 1 ordinary article 2 longer than article 1
5.
Carpi of gnathopods 1-2 shorter than propodi,
lobed, antenna 2 elongate
5
weakly
[see also Prolaphystiopsis] Harpinioides
- - Carpi of gnathopods 1-2 as long as propodi, unlobed,
antenna 1 elongate
6.
Eusirid and noneusirid gnathopods
in one species
combined together
- - Both pairs of gnathopods in both sexes alike,
together or non eusirid together
7.
Calliopiurus
7
eusirid
8
Body depressed, male gnathopod 2 of eusirid form
Sancho
- - Body compressed, male gnathopod 1 of eusirid form
(gammarid)
8.
Paraleptamphopus
Gnathopods of strong eusirid form
9
- - Gnathopods not strongly eusirid-like
9.
11
Gnathopod 1 larger than gnathopod 2
Eusirogenes
- - Gnathopod 1 not larger than gnathopod 2
10
10. Article 5 of gnathopods 1-2 bearing numerous short
posterior setae; accessory flagellum absent; maxillipedal
palp article 4 spinose along inferior margin
Pareusirogenes
- - Article 5 of gnathopods 1-2 poorly setose posteriorly;
accessory flagellum present; maxillipedal palp article 4
not spinose along inferior margin
Eusirus
11.
~nner
plate of maxilla 2 much broader than outer plate
- - Inner plate of maxilla 2 not much broader than outer
plate
12
~
21
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
12. Pereopods 3-7 prehensile
Bouvierella
--Pereopods 3-7 not prehensile
13. Dactyl of pereopods 3-7
13
strongly pectinate on
superior
margin, uropod 3 huge
Metaleptamphopus
--Dactyl of pereopods 3-7 not strongly pectinate on
superior margin, uropod 3 ordinary to small
~
14
14. Coxa 4 twice as long as coxa 1
15
--Coxa 4 not twice as long as coxa 1
16
~.Cleonardopsis
15. Body carinate or toothed, telson short, coxae 3-4 long
--Body smooth, telson elongate, coxae 3-4 short
Meteusiroides
16. Gnathopods 1-2 greatly dissimilar, article 5 of gnathopod
1 reaching two third~ length of article. 6; gnathopod 2
much enlarged, article 5 much shorter than article 6
(1 :6), with strong lobe
~
Pontogeneoides
--Gnathopods 1-2 similar to each other, article 5 much
shorter than article 6, lobe (?well) developed, gnathopod
2 not greatly enlarged
17
17. Pereopods 3-7 not elongate
18
--Pereopods 3-7 elongate
19
18. Labrum weakly incised or emarginate
:Eusiroides
~·
--Labrum deeply incised
19. Coxa 1 strongly
produced anteriorly,
Ronc0
body carinate or
toothed
Rhachotropis
-·-Coxa 1 not or
smooth
~
scarcely
produced
anteriorly,
,;
body
:l)
20. Accessory flagellum absent
Harcledo
--Accessory flagellum present
Cleonardo
21. Article 2 of pereopods 3-4 with large midanterior ·lobe;
[body very depressed]
[near Gammarellus] Chosroes
--Article 2 of pereopods 3-4 without large midanterior
lobe; [body more or less compressed laterally]
22
22. Coxae very
coxa 7
23
short and
progressively longer
--Coxae not as greatly shortened and not
lengthened towards coxa 7
towards
progressively
24
287
288
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
23.
Articles 5-6 of pereopods 6-7 extremely elongate
(planktonic); body carinate; coxa 1 not or scarcely
produced anteriorly; article 3 of peduncle on antenna
1 weakly produced distoventrally
[Regalia] Stenopleuroides
- - Articles 5-6 of pereopods 6-7 not extremely elongate;
body smooth; coxa 1 produced anteriorly; article 3 of
peduncle on antenna 1 weakly produced distoventrally
[Haliragoides]Stenopleura
24.
Palp of maxilla 1 reduced, not exceeding apex of
outer plate, article 1 longer than article 2 or outer
plate of maxilliped enlarged, reaching apex of palp
article 3
25
- - Palp of maxilla 1 ordinary, article 1 shorter than article
2, outer plate of maxilliped ordinary, not reaching
apex of palp article 3
'2.fj
25.
Telson almost entire, accessory flagellum absent, outer
plate of maxilliped immense
Laothoes
- - Telson deeply cleft, accessory flagellum present, outer
plate of maxilliped ordinary
Awacaris
26.
Article 5 of either of gnathopods 1-2 much wider (or
longer?) than article 6, with large lobe produced
distalwards
V
- - Article 5 of gnathopods 1-2 scarcely larger (or longer)
or usually smaller than article 6, lobe if present not
produced in distalwards direction
33
27.
Gnathopod 2 much larger than gnathopod 1
Dautzenbergia
- - Gnathopod 2 subequal to gnathopod 1
28.
Telson entire
- - Telson' cleft
29.
28
Paracalliopiella
~
'2)
Epistome sharply produced, palms of gnathopods with
large spines
Meteusiroides
- - Epistome unproduced, palms of gnathopods with weak
armament
:3()
30.
Carpus of both pairs of gnathopods lobate
- - Only carpus - of gnathopods 2 lobate (if any lobes
present)
31.
Epimeron 3 strongly serrate
- - Epimeron 3 weakly serratosetulate or smooth
32.
Pseudomoera
31
Nasageneia
32
Calceoli anthurial ..................................•.................................................................... Tethygeneia
- - Calceoli seriate (about 4 tympana in row)
Abdia
Barnard & Kararnan: Marine Garnrnaridean Arnphipoda
33.
Article 4 of pereopods 5-7 strongly dilated and
produced distoposteriorly (dactyl of pereopods 3-7
minutely pectinate on inferior margin)
(Pontoporeiidae) Zaramilla
- - Article 4 of pereopods 5-7 not dilated, usually poorly
produced distoposteriorly
:34-
34.
Rami of uropods 1-2 without lateral and dorsal spines
(bearing only distal spine(s), (rami usually only half as
long as peduncle)
(see also Paramoera incognita) Calliopiella
- - Rami of uropods 1-2 with lateral and dorsal spines
35.
Body stout, umbonate
Eurymera
- - Body stout or slender, not umbonate
36.
35
:3(5
Gnathopod 2 very slender, linear, article 5 very slender
and elongate, unlobed, article 6 generally elongate and
linear (except in Amphithopsis)
(also see Key 3) 37
- - Gnathopod 2 not very slender nor linear nor greatly
elongate (propodus not especially elongate)
53
37.
38
Gnathopod 1 ordinary, neither linear nor elongate
- - Gnathopod
38.
linear, elongate
44
Article 6 of gnathopod 2 not linear; dactyl of pereopods
3-7 with 2 inferior teeth; outer ramus of uropod 3
less than half as long as inner ramus
Amphithopsis
- - Article 6 of gnathopod 2 linear; dactyl of pereopods 3-7
without inferior teeth; outer ramus of uropod 3 more
than half as long as inner ramus
39
39.
4()
Telson entire or emarginate
-.- Telson cleft
40.
42
Pereopods 3-7 prehensile
Bouvierella
- - Pereopods 3-7 not prehensile
41.
41
Outer plate of maxilliped enlarged
Laothoes
- - Outer plate of maxilliped ordinary
Oradarea
42.
Epistome sharply produced, rostrum large,
uropod 3 with large process
peduncle of
- - Epistome unproduced, rostrum small, uropod 3 peduncle
lacking large process
43.
Liouvillea
43
Article 3 of antenna 1 elongate, rami of uropod 3
lanceolate, palp of maxilla 1 ordinary
Relictomaera
- - Article 30f antenna 1 short, rami of uropod 3 rodshaped, palp of maxilla 1 reduced
Awacaris
289
290
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
44. Dactyl of pereopods 5-7 with one or more
spines
superior
- - Dactyl of pereopods 5-7 without superior spines
45
47
45. Dactyl of pereopods 5-7 with 1 superior spine; inner
ramus of uropod 3 much shorter than outer ramus
(3:5); peduncular article 1 of antenna 1 longer than
article 2
Djerboa
- - Dactyl of pereopods 5-7 with several superior spines;
rami of uropod 3 subequally extended; peduncular
article 1 of antenna 1 shorter than article 2
46
46. Telson cleft, palms of gnathopods well developed
- - Telson entire, palms of gnathopod obsolescent
Bathyschraderia
Cleippides
47. Article 5 of gnathopods 1-2 much longer than article 6
48
- - Article 5 of gnathopods 1-2 scarcely longer and usually
shorter than article 6
52
48. Body carinate, antenna 1 longer than 2, uropod 3 not
extended ..........................................................................................................................•........... 49
- - Body smooth, antenI).a 2 longer than
extended beyond uropod 1
1, uropod 3
51
49. Gnathopods simple, dactyls of pereopods 3-7 with
annaments
Cleippides
- - Gnathopods subchelate, dactyls of pereopods 3-7 simple
50
50. Calceoli present
Halirages
- - Calceoli absent
Apherusa
51.
Propodus of gnathopods slender, rectangular
- - Propodus of gnathopods broadened, almond shaped
Apherusa
Haliragoides
52. Inner ramus of uropod 3 twice as long as outer ramus;
accessory flagellum absent
Leptamphopus
- - Inner ramus of uropod 3 as long as or longer than
outer ramus; accessory flagellum present
Schraderia (and Awacaris)
53. Article 3 of
apicoventrally
peduncle
on
antenna
1 produced
54-
- - Article 3 of peduncle on antenna 1 not or weakly
produced apicoventrally
65
54. Body stout; article 1 of peduncle on antenna 1 large,
much longer than head
Bovallia
- - Body slender; article 1 of peduncle on antenna 1
scarcely longer but usually shorter than head
55
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
55.
Article 5 on either of gnathopods 1-2 much shorter than
article 6
- - Article 5 on gnathopods 1-2 scarcely
longer than article 6
56.
.56
shorter than or
62
Carpus of gnathopods not or scarcely lobate
57
- - Carpus of gnathopods strongly lobate
Calliopius
57.
Tylosapis
Outer ramus of uropod 3 much shortened
- - Rami of uropod 3 nearly subequal
58.
58
Telson distinctly cleft
Gondogeneia
- - Telson emarginate or entire
59
59.
Telson ordinary
ro
- - Telson elongate
61
ro.
Telson deeply emarginate
Atylopsis
- - Telson entire
61.
Halirages bungei
Gnathopods subequal
(Gammarellidae) Austroregia
- - Gnathopod 1 of male greatly enlarged
62.
Whangarusa
Accessory flagellum present; [body carinate, inner ramus
of uropod 3 longer than outer; inner plate of maxilla 2
with one facial seta]
63
- - Accessory flagellum absent [inner plate of maxilla 2 with
more than one facial seta, other characters variable]
64
63.
Body smooth, inner plate of maxilla 2 with many facial
~
setae
- - Body carinate, or smooth or toothed,
maxilla 2 with 1 facial seta
64-.
inner plate of
Telson distinctly cleft
- - Telson entire but apically concave, not distinctly cleft
65.
Lopyastis
Accedomoera
Pontogeneia
Halirages
Pereopods 3-7 elongate; [gnathopods 1-2 with greatly
elongate trapezoidal article 5, article 6 much shorter than
article 5]
Haliragoides
- . - Pereopods 3-7 not elongate; [gnathopods 1-2, except
Halirages, usually with ordinary article 5, article 6 not
greatly shorter than article 5]
()(5
291
292
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
66.
Article 5 of gnathopods 1-2 dissimilar in lobation,
gnathopod 2 with strong narrow lobe, gnathopod 1
poorly lobed [rostrum extending more than halfway
along article 1 of antenna 1]
67
- - Article 5 of gnathopods 1-2 similar to each other,
weakly lobed or unlobed, lobes if present broad and
short
W
67. Epimeron 3 unserrate, propodus of· male gnathopods
lacking posterior spines outside of palm
68
- - Epimeron 3 serrate, propodus of male gnathopods
bearing posterior spines outside of palm
[including Bateidae] Nasageneia
68.
Propodus of gnathopod 2 huge, rostrum small, article 3
of mandibular palp longer than article 2
Dautzenbergia
- - Propodus of gnathopod 2 ordinary, rostrum large,
article 3 of mandibular palp shorter than article 2
Tethygeneia
69.
Telson entire, notched,
not distinctly cleft
truncate,
weakly incised but
70
-_. Telson distinctly cleft
81
70.
Epimeron 3 serrate
71
- - Epimeron 3 not serrate
72
71.
Article 5· of gnathopods 1-2 longer than 6, accessory
flagellum absent
group of Apherusa bispinosa + Halirages
- - Article 5 of gnathopods 1-2 not longer than article 6,
accessory flagellum present
72.
Oligochinus
Rostrum small
73
- - Rostrum large
79
73.
Gnathopodal palms obsolescent
- - Gnathopodal palms well developed
74.
Accessory flagellum absen
- - Accessory flagellum present
75.
Gnathopod 1 strongly dominant in male
- - Gnathopod 1 not dominant
76.
Cleippides
e•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
74
t75
78
Whangarusa
76
Outer plate of maxilliped enlarged
Laothoes polylovi
- - Outer plates of maxilliped ordinary
77
77.
Calceoli absent, telson ordinary
- - Calceoli present, telson elongate
Apherusa
Austroregia, Meteusiroides
Bamard &·Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
78.
Telson deeply emarginate,
antenna 1 even
articles of flagellum on
Atylopsis
- - Telson entire, articles of flagellum on antenna 1 diverse
Paracalliopiella
79.
Manerogeneia
Dactyls of pereopods 3-7 bifid
- - Dactyls of pereopods 3-7 pectinate
80.
80
Accessory flagellum present, pectinations of pereopodal
dactyls on outer sides, uropod 3 ordinary
Membrilopus
- - Accessory flagellum absent, pectinations of dactyls on
pereopods 3-7 on inner side, uropod 3 huge and
extended
Metaleptamphopus
81.
Article 5 of both gnathopods 1-2 much longer than article
6
82.
- - Article 5 of only gnathopod 1 or 2 or neither much
longer than article 6
84
82.
Article 3 of antenna 1 not produced
[including Stilipedidae] Apherusa
- - Article 3 of antenna 1 produced
83.
83
Article 2 of antenna 1 as long as article 1
- - Article 2 of antenna 1 shorter than article 1
84-.
Sternal gills present
Antarctogeneia
Pontogeneia
Sternomoera
- - Sternal gills absent
85
85.
&5
Epistome acutely produced
- - Epistome not produced
86.
88
Peduncle of uropod 3 ordinary
Meteusiroides
- - Peduncle of uropod 3 with large apical process
87.
Rostrum
large,
produced
anteroventral
corner of head not
,
ffI
Liouvillea
- - Rostrum small, anteroventral corner of head produced ....................................•........ Atyloella
88.
Lateral cephalic lobes sinusoid
Relictomoera
- - Lateral cephalic lobes not sinusoid
89.
Gnathopod 2
with 2 teeth
greatly enlarged,
dactyl of pereopods 5-7
(?theoretical position) Dautzenbergia
- - Gnathopod 2 not greatly enlarged,
5-7 with less than 2 teeth
90.
89
dactyl of pereopods
Inner plate of maxilla 2 with 3 or more facial setae in
oblique row
-_. Inner plate of maxilla 2 with 1 or no facial setae
~
91
93
293
294
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
91. Accessory flagellum absent
Prostebbingia
- - Accessory flagellum present
92.
92. Coxa 4 excavate, rostrum ordinary to large
Paramoera
--Coxa 4 not or scarcely, excavate, rostrum obsolescent
93. Telson with long apical setae or spines
Paramoerella
group of North Pacific Paramoera
- - Telson lacking long apical setae or spines
94. Epimeron 3 serrate,
strongly produced
anteroventral
- - Epimeron 3 not serrate,
not strongly produced
anteroventral
angle
94
of head
[including Stilipedidae] Apherusa (Rozinante)
angle of head
95
95. Eyes round; rostrum very small; gnathopod 1 slightly
larger than gnathopod 2
Gondogeneia
- - Eyes reniform; rostrum of medium size; gnathopod 1
not larger than gnathopod 2
group of North Pacific like Pontogeneia rostrata
Key 2 to Genera of Eusiridae
(except Paraleptamphopus and Zaramilla)
Inner plate of maxilla 2 broader than outer plate
2
- - Inner plate of maxilla 2 not broader than outer plate
15
1.
2.
3.
One or both pairs of gnathopods eusirid
3
Neither pair of gnathopods distinctly eusirid
7
Only gnathopod 2 eusirid, gnathopod 1 mittenform
Sancho
- - Both pairs of gnathopods eusirid
4.
4
Accessory flagellum absent
Pareusirogenes
- - Accessory flagellum present
5.
5
Gnathopod 1 larger than gnathopod 2
Eusirogenes
- - Gnathopod 1 as large as gnathopod 2
6
6.
Accessory flagellum elongate, molar triturative, dactyls
of pereopods 3-7 not setose, telson without long apical
spines
Eusirus
- - Accessory flagellum short, molar simple, dactyls of
pereopods 3-7 setose, telson with long apical spines
Eusiropsis
7.
Telson ordinary
- - Telson elongate
[including Stilipedidae] Cleonardopsis
'
8
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
8.
Gnathopod 2 much larger than gnathopod 1
Pontogeneoides
- - Gnathopod 2 not much larger than gnathopod 1..................................................•.................. 9
9.
Epistome sharply produced
Meteusiroides
- - Epistome not produced
10.
10
Palp of maxilla 1 shortened, molar simple or poorly
triturative
- - Palp of maxilla 1 ordinary, molar distinctly triturative
Eusirella
.-
11
11.
Coxa
not expanded or produced
12
-.-
Coxa
expanded and produced
13
12.
Accessory flagellum present
Cleonardo
- - Accessory flagellum absent
13.
Harcledo
Spines on palms of gnathopods thin or inconspicuous,
body carinate, graceful, pereopods elongate, collected
in demersal samples
Rhachotropis
- - Spines on palms of gnathopods thick, body uncarinate,
or weakly carinate and toothed, thick or stout, generally
benthic
14
14.
Labrum deeply incised
-
Ronc0
- - Labrum weakly incised or entire
15.
Either pair of gnathopods with
carpus
Eusiroides
large posterior lobe on
,"
- - Neither pair of gnathopods with large posterior lobe on
carpus
16.
Gnathopod 2 much larger than gnathopod 1
;
16
26
_
Dautzenbergia
- - Gnathopods of nearly subequal size
17
17.
18
Coxae very short
- - Coxae ordinary
18.
Body smooth .............................................................................................•................. Stenopleura
-.-- Body carinate
19.
19
(see also Regalia) Stenopleuroides
Telson entire
- - Telson cleft
20.
Accessory flagellum present
- - Accessory flagellum absent
21.
~
22.
Paracalliopiella
21
Dactyls of pereopods 3-7 ordinary, rami of uropod 3
subequal
Calliopius
-.- Dactyls of pereopods 3-7 bifid, outer ramus of uropod 3
shortened
Manerogeneia
295
296
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
22. Gnathopods 1-2 alike, both with lobate carpus
23
- - Gnathopods 1-2 divergent, only gnathopod 2 with
lobate carpus
2A-
23.
Back carinate, accessory flagellum· absent,
of lower lip absent
inner lobes
-.- Back smooth, accessory flagellum present,
of lower lip present
inner lobes
Bovallia
Pseudomoera
24. Calceoli seriate
Abdia
- - Calceoli anthurial
25
25. Epimeron 3 serrate
Nasageneia
- - Epimeron 3 unserrate
Tethygeneia
26. Gnathopods simple (palm absent, dactyl short and/or
not folding back on propodus)
Z7
- - Gnathopods subchelate
':2!}
27. Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 either expanded apically or
elongate and coxa 4 weakly excavate posteriorly
-.-
Coxae small, coxa 1 not expanded, coxa 4 not
excavate
:
28
Regalia
28. Antenna 1 much longer than shortened antenna 2,
coxae 1-3 not longer than broad
[see also Prolaphystiopsis] Cleippides
- - Elongate antenna 2 longer than medium antenna 1,
coxae 1-3 twice as long as wide
Calliopiurus
29. Length of one ramus on uropod 3 about 75% or less
of other ramus
:3()
- - Rami of uropod 3 subequal
38
30. Telson deeply cleft
31
- - Telson entire or emarginate or distally incised
32
31. Body not umbonate, gnathopod 2 linear, accessory
flagellum present, dactyls of pereopods 3-7 with tooth
Djerhoa
- - Body umbonate, gnathopod 2 ordinary, accessory
flagellum absent, dactyls of pereopods 3-7 simple
Eurymera
- - Body not umbonate, gnathopod 2 ordinary, accessory
flagellum present, dactyls of pereopods simple
Accedomoera
32. One or both gnathopods linear
33
- - Neither pair of gnathopods linear
35
33. Accessory flagellum absent, article 3 of mandibular
palp long and thin
- - Accessory flagellum present, article 3 of mandibular
palp short and stout
Oradarea
.
34-
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
34.
Maxilla 2 with facial setae, accessory flagellum tiny,
articles 5-6 of gnathopod 2 together 1.5 times as long as
article 2
Leptamphopus
- - Facial setae on maxilla 2 absent, accessory flagellum
elongate, articles 5-6 of gnathopod 2 together 1.1 times
as long as article 2
Amphithopsis
35.
Body with dorsal teeth
Austroregia
- - Body smooth
36.
:36
Dactyls of pereopods 3-7 bifid
Manerogeneia
- - Dactyls of pereopods 3-7 not bifid
37.
37
Inner plate of maxilla 1 setose only apically, accessory
flagellum absent but article 3 of antenna 1 prod~ed,
dactyls of pereopods 3-7 simple
Tylosapis
- - Inner plate of maxilla 1 strongly setose medially,
accessory flagellum present, dactyls of pereopods 3-7
pectinate
Membrilopus
38.
Epistome sharply produced anteriorly
39
- - Epistome unproduced
39.
41
Anteroventral angle of head produced
Atyloella
~
- - Anteroventral angle of head unproduced
40.
40
~
Rostrum large, article 2 of antenna 1 short
Liouvillea
- - Rostrum small, article 2 of antenna 1 elongate
41.
Propodus of gnathopods elongate and bent
Antarctogeneia
Harpinioides (= Harpinioidella)
- - Propodus of gnathopods not bent
42
42.
Uropod 3 greatly extended beyond uropod 1
43
- - - Uropod 3 not or hardly extended beyond uropod 1
46
43.
Dactyls of pereopods 3-7 pectinate on superior margins
~
- - Dactyls of pereopods 3-7 not pectinate
44.
Metaleptamphopus
44
Propodus of gnathopods rectangular
Apherusa
- - Propodus of gnathopods ovatotrapezoidal or inflated
45.
Rami of uropods 1-2 with marginal spines .'
~
Rami of uropods 1-2 marginally nakedCalliopiella
46.
Body greatly depressed and
with large anterior process
45
/ialiragoides
article 2 of pereopods 3-4
~
- - Body not greatly depressed, article 2 of pereopods 3-4
simple
(near Gammarellus) Chosroes
~~
47
297
298
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
47. Sternal gills present
(Gammarida) Sternomoera
- - Sternal gills absent
48
48. Gnathopod 1 much larger than gnathopod 2
49
- - Gnathopods subequal or gnathopod 2 larger than 1
50
49. Telson cleft, facial setae on maxilla 2 weak or absent
Gondogeneia
- - Telson entire, maxilla 2 with row of facial setae
50. Telson entire or emarginate
Whangarusa
~
51
- - Telson cleft
58
51. Outer plate of maxilliped enlarged
Laothoes
- - Outer plate of maxilliped ordinary
52
52. Inner plate of maxilla 2 without facial setae
53
- - Inner plate of maxilla 2 with row of facial setae
55
53. Epimeron 3 serrate
Bouvierella
- - Epimeron 3 not serrate
54
54. Main flagellum of antenna 1 with diverse articles
Paracalliopiella
-""- Main flagellum of antenna 1 with regular articles
(?and Regalia) Atylopsis
55. Article 3 of antenna 1 with process
Halirages
- - Article 3 of antenna 1 without process
56. Accessory flagellum absent
5()
"
Apherusa
~
- - Accessory flagellum present
57
57. Inner plate of maxilla 2 with row of facial setae, head
slightly produced anteroventrally
(see also Paramoera incognita) Lopyastis
- - Inner plate of maxilla 2 with only 1 facial seta, head
not produced anteroventrally
Oligochinus
58. Accessory flagellum absent or not articulate
59
- - Accessory flagellum present, articulate
63
59. Inner plate of maxilla 1 widely setose medially
Prostebbingia
- - Inner plate of maxilla 1 setose mostly near apex
60. Peduncle of "antenna 1 elongate
-""-- Peduncle of antenna 1 not elongate
61. Article 3 of antenna" 1 unproduced
- - Article 3 of antenna 1 produced ~"
({)
~
~
Antarctogeneia
61
Apherusa
62
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
62.
Calceoli of pontogeneiid form (see Lincoln & Hurley,
1981), coxae 1-4 protruding anteroventrally
- - Calceoli of gammarellid form,
anteroventrally
63.
Pontogeneia
coxae 1·-3 bevelled
Austroregia
Inner plate of maxilla 1 poorly setose (5 or fewer setae),
facial (= medial) setae on inner plate of maxilla 2 = 0-2
64
- - Inner plate of maxilla 1 strongly setose (6 or greater),
facial setae on inner plate of maxilla 2 = 3+
(tj
64.
Telson emarginate or scarcely cleft
Oligochinus
~
- - Telson deeply cleft
65.
Article 3 of antenna 1 not strongly produced,
round or ovate
eyes
Gondogeneia
- - Article 3 of antenna 1 strongly produced, eyes reniform
66.
Article 3 of antenna
Accedomoera
elongate
Relictomoera
- - Article 3 of antenna 1 not elongate
67.
68.
67
Article 2 of antenna 1 longer than article 1
- - Article 2 of antenna 1 almost subequal
article 1
0
Bathyschraderia
r shorter than
~
Palp of maxilla 1 reduced ...............................•............................................................... Awacaris
- - Palp of maxilla 1 ordinary
69.
(f)
Gnathopods linear
Schraderia
- - Gnathopods inflated
70.
65
70
Rostrum moderately large, coxa 4 excavate
Paramoera
- - Rostrum obsolescent, coxa 4 scarcely excavate posteriorly
Paramoerella
Key 3 to Genera of Eusiridae (restricted)
(either of gnathopods 1 or 2 linear)
1.
Telson entire or emarginate
2
- - Telson cleft
2.
9
Mandibular molar evanescent, not triturative
Calliopiurus
- - Mandibular molar triturative
3~
Outer plate of maxilliped enlarged
-.-
Outer plate of maxilliped ordinary
"
3
Laotho((s
,
4
299
300
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
4.
Outer ramus of uropod 3 half to three fourths length of
inner ramus
- - Rami of uropod 3 subequal
5.
5
7
Maxilla 2 lacking facial setae, dactyls of pereopods 3-7
serrate, toothed or pectinate, propodus of gnathopods
short
Amphithopsis
- - Maxilla 2 with facial setae, dactyls of pereopods 3-7
simple, propodus of gnathopods elongate
6
6.
Mandibular palp article 3 much shorter than article 2,
accessory flagellum present
Oradarea
- - Mandibular palp article 3 as long as article 2, accessory
flagellum absent
Leptamphopus
7.
Carpu s of gnathopod 1 sublobate, maxilla 2 lacking
facial setae
Bouvierella
- - Carpus of cgnathopod 1 unlobate, cmaxilla 2 with facial
setae
8
8.
Calceoli present, article 3 of antenna 1 produced
Halirages
- - Calceoli absent, article 3 of antenna 1 unproduced
Apherusa
9.
Awacaris
Rami of uropod 3 rod-like, palp of maxilla 1 reduced
- - Rami of uropod 3 lanceolate, palp of maxilla 1 ordinary
10. One ramus of uropod 3 very short
- - Rami of uropod 3 subequal
11. Article 3 of antenna 1 subequal to article 2
10
Djerboa
11
Relictomoera
- - Article 3 of antenna 1 much shorter than article 2
12
12. Article 3 of antenna 1 produced
13
- - Article 3 of antenna 1 not produced
14
13. Article 2 of antenna 1 shorter than article 1, peduncle
of antenna 2 not elongate .~
Pontogeneia
- - Article 2 of antenna 1 as long as article 1, peduncle of
antenna 2 elongate
Antarctogeneia
14. Epistome sharply produced, peduncle of uropod 3 with
large proces's
~
~
- - Epistome unproduced,
large process
Liouvillea
peduncle of uropod 3 lacking
15. Accessory .flagellutn absent
- - Accessory flagellum present
16. Article 2 of antenna 1 much shorter than article 1
--' Article 2 of antenna 1 longer than article 1
15
Apherusa
16
Schraderia
Bathyschraderia
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Abdia Bamard & Karaman
Abdia Bamard & Karaman, 1987: 860.
Type species. Atylopsis latipalpus Walker & Scott,
1903, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum [?large] ,lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
ovate. Antenna 2 longer than 1, peduncular articles of
antenna 1 progressively shorter, article 2 shorter than
head, article 3 not produced; article 1 of primary
flagellum short, accessory flagellum absent. Calceoli
seriate. Labrum [?entire, subrounded, broader than
long, epistome unproduced]. Molar triturative, columnar,
article 2 of ,mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 shorter
than 2. Labium: [?inner lobes absent]. Maxilla 1: inner
plate with 3 medial setae, palp long, article 1 slightly
elongate. Maxilla 2: [?inner plate not broader nor
longer than outer, plates narrow, inner plate without
facial row of setae and other medial setae].
Maxilliped: inner plate relatively long, outer plate
slightly shorter than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 slightly
shorter than 3, 3 unlobed (?), 4 not spinose along
inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate. Gnathopods diverse, small (female), of similar
size, subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of both scarcely
shorter than propodus, of second only with strong
posterodistal lobe extending distad, carpus of both
without numerous long posterior setae. Pereopods 3-7
ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly
lobate. Epimeron 3 not serrate. Outer rami of uropods
1-2 shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines.
Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1,
peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate, nearly
subequal. Telson ordinary, cleft, apices without long
apical armaments.
Additional characters. Coxal' gills heavily pleated
as in Atylidae; urosomites however, distinct.
Assumption. If Pontogeneia barnardi Rabindranath
(1972a) is a synonym of Atylopsis latipalpus then the
rostrum of Abdia is large like that of Tethygeneia and
Nasageneia.
Relationship. Differing from the freshwater
Australia Pseudomoera in the presence of carpal lobes
only on gnathopod 2.
Differing from Tethygeneia in the seriate, not
anthurial, calceoli.
Not Atylidae because urosomites separate.
See Nasageneia.
Species. Abdia latipalpus (Walker & Scott, 1903)
(Sivaprakasam, 1968a) (?= A. barnardi Rabindranath,
301
1972a) [690].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, India to Abd-elKuri, sublittoral, 1 species.
Accedomoera I.L. Barnard
Accedomoera I.L. Bamard, 1964c: 59.
Type species. Pontogeneia tricuspidata Gurjanova,
1938b, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth, or
carinate or toothed. Rostrum large to medium; lateral
cephalic lobes ordinary. Anteroventral margin of head
not or weakly produced. Eyes ovate or reniform.
Antennae subequal or 1 longer than 2, peduncular
articles of antenna 1 progressively shorter, article 1 as
long as head, article 3 produced; article 1 of primary
flagellum ordinary, accessory flagellum I-articulate,
scale-like or medium. Labrum entire, subrounded,
broader than long; epistome unproduced. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article, 3 as long as 2. Labium: [?inner lobes
small]. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 2 medial setae, palp
long. Maxilla 2: inner plate narrow, outer broad, inner
plate with facial 'row' of 1 seta and several other medial
setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long, outer
plate not longer than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 slightly
shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior
margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly or
expanded, ventrally, coxa 4 [?with posterior lobe,
excavate]. 'Gnathopods alike, medium, subchelate,not
eusirid, carpus of both scarcely shorter ,than propodus,
with weak posterior lobe not extending distad, with. long
posterior setae. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls
simple. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-3
slightly shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines.
Uropod 3 ordinary, scarcely extend~d beyond
uropod 1, peduncle without large process, rami
lanceolate. Telson ordinary, cleft, apices without long
apical armaments.
Relationship. Differing fromPontogeneia in the
articulated accessory flagellum. From Eusiroides in the
shorter accessory flagellum". smaller gnathopods with
distinct palms and obsolescent inner lobes on the lower
lip.
See Antarctogeneia, Calliopius, Lopyastis,
Paracalliopiella and Paramoera.
Species. Accedomoera tricuspidatq, (Gurjanova,
1938b, 1951) [280]; A. vagor J.L. Bamard, 1969a (Coyle
& Mueller, 1981) [270].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, north-western
Pacific, California., cold water, 0-90 m, 2 species.
302
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Amphithopsis Boeck
Amphithopsis Boeck, 1861: 661.
Type species. Amphithopsis longicaudata Boeck,
1861, selected by Boeck, 1876.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed. Rostrum
small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary. Anteroventral
margin of head not produced. Eyes round. Antennae
subequal, peduncular article I almost as long as head,
article 2 as long as article I; article 3 not produced;
article I of primary flagellum ordinary, accessory
flagellum I-articulate, elongate. Labrum entire,
subrounded, broader than long; epistome unproduced.
Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3as long as 2. Labium: inner lobes faint.
Fig.59. Eusiridae. A,Eusirus propinquus; B, Pontogeneia ··inermis; C, Calliopius laeviusculus; D, Liouvillea
oculata; E, Cleippides quadricuspis; F, Rhachotropis aculeata; G, Oradarea walkeri; H, Leptamphopus sarsi.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Maxilla 1: inner plate with 7 medial and apical setae,
palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not
broader nor longer than outer, narrow, without facial
row of setae but with other medial setae. Maxilliped:
inner plate not relatively long, outer plate slightly
longer than inner; palp of 4 articles, 1-2 broad, 3-4
narrow together, 4 shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not
spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly but
303
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe and
excavate. Gnathopods diverse, small, of similar size,
subchelate, palms transverse, not eusirid, carpus as long
as propodus on gnathopod 1 but longer than propodus
on gnathopod 2, with ·weak posterior lobe not
extending distad, on 1 only, carpus with numerous short
posterior setae, gnathopod 2 almost linear. Pereopods
3-7 elongate, simple, dactyls minutely toothed on inferior
margins, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3
B
c
E
G
F
E
H
G
o
G
I
J
I
~;
Fig.60. Eusiridae. A, Djerboa jurcipes; B, Pontogeneoides abyssi; C, Meteusiroides keyensis; D, Calliopius
laeriusculus; E, Eurymera monticulosa; F, Haliragesjulvocinctus; G, Pontogeneia inermis; H, Laothoes meinerti;
I, Eusirus propinquus; J, Pseudomoera gabrieli; K, Eusirella elegans.
K
304
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
smooth. Outer rami ofuropods 1-3 shortened; rami with
lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not
extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle without large
process, rami lanceolate, long, very unequal, outer
ramus much shorter. Telson ordinary, entire, linguiform,
apices without long armaments.
Relationship. Differing from Leptamphopus in the
lack of facial setae on maxilla 2 and the presence of
teeth on the pereopodal dactyls.
See Bouvierella, Halirages and Oradarea.
Species. Amphithopsis depressa Schiecke, 1976a
(Krapp-Schickel, 1982b) [348]; A~ longicaudata Boeck,
1861 (Sars, 1895) (Stephensen, 1931a, 1938b) (Ourjanova,
1951) (Dunbar, 1954) [216 + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Arctic, North
Atlantic and Mediterranean, 20-1505 m, often in
sponges, 2 species.
Antarctogeneia Thurston
Antarctogeneia Thurston, 1974a: 21.
Type species. Antarctogeneia macrodactyla Thurston,
1974a, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
reniform. Antenna 1 longer than 2, peduncular articles
of antenna 1 not progressively shorter, article 1 shorter
than head, article 2 as long as article 1, produced, article
3 weakly produced; article 1 of primary flagellum
ordinary, about as long as article 3 of peduncle; accessory/
flagellum absent. Labrum' [?entire, subrounded, broader
than long]; epistome [?bluntly] produced. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 shorter than 2. Labium: inner lobes
small. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 3 medial and 1 apical
setae, palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not
broader nor longer than outer, plates narrow, inner
plate with facial row of 2 setae and several other
medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long,
outer plate slightly longer than inner; palp of 4 articles,
4 slightly shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along
inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 scarcely produced anteriorly
or expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate. Gnathopods alike, medium, 2 longer than 1,
subchelate, not eusirid, carpus. of .both much longer than
propodus, without posterior lobe, carpus with few short
posterior setae, gnathopods' 1-2 almost slender or linear,
propodus. rectangular~ Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, ~imple,
dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron
3 serrate. Outer rami "of uropods 1-2 slightly shortened;
rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 huge,
pedu~cle
elongate, [?extended beyond uropod 1],
peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate,
almost subequal. Telson elongate, cleft, lobes notched,
apices without long armaments.
Relationship. Differing from Gondogeneia,
Tethygeneia, Pontogeneia and Accedomoera in the
serrate epimeron 3. From Accedomoera, Gondogeneia
and Nasageneia in the unlobed carpus of gnathopods 12. From Paramoera in the lack of an accessory
flagellum, short apical telsonic armaments and the weak
setation on the inner plate of maxilla 1.
In lacking a process on article 3 of antenna 1
Pontogeneia ivanovi keys to Antarctogeneia.
See Apherusa.
Species. Antarctogeneia macrodactyla Thurston,
1974a [870].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, 2-64
m, 1 species.
Apherusa Walker
Figs 61F,J, 620, 63N
Phaedra Bate, 1859a: 138, 140 [homonym, Lepidoptera]
(Phaedra antiqua Bate, 1859a, monotypy).
Gossea Bate, 1862: 159 [homonym, Coelenterata] (Gossea
microdentopa Bate, 1862, = Amphithoe jurinei Milne
Edwards, 1830), monotypy.-Bate & Westwood, 1863:
276.
Apherusa Walker, 1891b: 83.-Lincoln, 1979a: 408.
?Rozinante Stebbing, 1894: 38 (Paramphithoe fragilis Goes,
1866, original designation).
Type species. Amphithoe jurinei Milne Edwards,
1830,selected by Sars, 1895.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth
(type) or weakly carinate or toothed. Rostrum small,
lateral cephalic lobes ordinary, or weakly sinusoid;
anteroventral margin of head produced or not. Eyes
round or reniform. Antennae subequal or 2 longer than
1 (type), peduncular articles of antenna 1 progressively
shorter, article 1 shorter than head, article 2 occasionally
as long as 1, article 3 produced or not; article 1 of
primary flagellum ordinary to short, accessory flagellum
absent. Labrum entire, subrounded, as broad as long;
epistome unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar, article
2" of mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 as long as or
shorter (type) than 2. Labium: inner lobes small. Maxilla
1: inner plate with 3-14 medial setae,palp long, article
1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate narrower than outer,
plates narrow, inner plate with" weakly facial row of
many setae and other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner
plate relatively long, 9uter plate as long as inner; palp
of 4 articles, 4 shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose
along inferior margin but" often multisetose and not
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
unguiform (A. glacialis).
Coxae ordinary to short, coxa 1 not or scarcely
produced anteriorly nor expanded ventrally, coxa 4
scarcely with posterior lobe excavate or scarcely so.
Gnathopods alike, small, subchelate, not eusirid, carpus
305
of both longer .or scarcely shorter than propodus, with
weak or no posterior lobe, carpus with numerous long
posterior setae, gnathopods 1-2.often very slender but
not linear or weakly so, propodus slender, palm well
developed. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls
Fig.61. Eusiridae. A, Cleonardo appendiculatus; B,.Pontogeneia inermis; C, Eusirus propinquus; D, Liouvillea
oculata; E, Apherusa tridentata; F, Prostebbingia gracilis; G, Pontogeneoidesabyssi; H, Rhachotropis
aculeata; I, Pontogeneia imerntis; J, Apherusa (= Rozinante}jragilis; K,Eusirus cuspidatus; L, Djerboajurcipes.
j, calceolus.
306
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth
(type) or serrate. Outer rami of uropods 1-2 shortened
(type) or not; rami with lateral and dorsal spines.
Uropod 3 ordinary (type) not extended or huge and
extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle without large
process, rami lanceolate, nearly subequal. Telson
weakly elongate, weakly cleft, incised or entire (type),
pointed, triangular, often notched, apices without long
armaments.
Variables. Carpus of gnathopod 1 longer than, of
gnathopod 2 as long as propodus (A. bispinosa); of
gnathopod 2 longer (A. sarsi); epimeron 3 serrate
(type) or not (A. cirrus = A. borealis); telson entire
(type) or incised (A. sarsi), or cleft one fourth (A.
jragilis); serrate (A. tridentata); head produced (A.
1
jragi/is, A. tridentata); uropod 3 not (type) weakly (A.
tridentata, A. sarsi) or strongly extended (A. cirrhus, A.
bispinosa); coxa 1 strongly produced and expanded
(A. jragilis).
Relationship. Differing from Haliragoides in the
shorter pereopods and narrower, more rectangular
propodus of the gnathopods. From Leptamphopus in
the equal rami of uropod 3. From Oradarea in the
absence of accessory flagellum, unshortened outer
ramus of uropod 3 and nonelongate propodus of
gnathopod 2. From Cleippides in the absence of
accessory flagellum, better palms of the gnathopods
and simple dactyls of pereopods 3-7. From
Manerogeneia in the simple dactyls of pereopods 3-7,
slightly poorer setosity of maxilla'e 1-2 and the
t
1
1
bpJ
L30
K
R
E==3L
D
o
Q
~cTD
Fig.62. Eusiridae. A, Bovallia gigantea; B, Rhachotropis aculeata; C, Eusirus propinquus; D, Djerboa
jurcipes; E, Harcledo plumipes; F, Pontogeneia inermis; G, Pareusirogenes carinatus;H, Eusiropsis riisei; I,
Leptamphopus sarsi; J, Metaleptamphopus pectinatus; K, Calliopius laeviusculus; L, Eusirus minutus; M,
Zaramilla kergueleni; N, Liouvillea oculata; 0, Apherusa (= Rozinate) jragilis; P, Atylopsis emarginata; Q,
Prostebbingia gracilis; R, Pontogeneoides abyssi; S, Harpinioides drepanocheir; T, Stenopleura atlantica.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
unshortened outer ramus of uropod 3. From Schraderia
and Paracalliopiella in the absence of an accessory
flagellum. From Antarctogeneia, normal Prostebbingia
and Schraderia in the uncleft telson.
See Austroregia, Awacaris, Calliopiella, Gondogeneia,
Halirages, Haliragoides, Laothoes, Lopyastis, Oligochinus,
Relictomaera and Whangarusa.
Removal. Apherusa translucens Chilton, 1884a, to
Whangarusa.
Species. See Chevreux & Fage (1925); Dunbar
(1954); Gurjanova (1951); Krapp-Schickel (1982b, key);
Lincoln (1979a); Stephensen (1931a, 1933b, 1938b, 1940b,
1944a); A. alacris Krapp-Schickel, 1969a, 1969b, 1982b
[345]; A. antiqua (Bate, 1859a, 1862) (Bate & Westwood,
1863) [239]; A. barretti (Bate, 1862) ["240"]; A. bispinosa
(Bate, 1857) (= A. macrocephala M. Sars, 1858) (= A.
ele,gans Bruzelius, 1859) (= A. pontica Czemiawsky,
307
1868) (Sars, 1895) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Krapp-Schickel, 1979,
1982b) [240 + 339]; A. chiereghinii Soika, 1949 (KrappSchickel, 1969a, 1979, 1982b) [345]; A. cirrhus (Bate, 1862)
(= A. bicuspis Kr~yer of Bate, 1862) (= A. borealis
Boeck, 1871b, and Sars, 1895) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925)
(Lincoln, 1979a) [220, 240];A. clevei Sars, 1904
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Lincoln, 1979a) [240N]; A.
corbeli Lagardere, 1968 [295];A. jragilis (Goes, 1866)
(Shoemaker, 1930a, 1955a) (Stephensen, 1933b, 1940a)
[200 + B]; A. glacialis (Hansen, 1888) (= A. dubia Vosseler,
1889) (Stephensen, 1931 a, 1933b, 1938b, 1944a) (J.L.
Bamard, 1959) [220N]; A. henneguyi Chevreux& Fage,
1925 (Lincoln, 1979a) [240]; A. jurinei Milne-Edwards,
1830 (= A. norvegica Rathke, 1843) (= A. microdentopa
Bate, 1862) (Sars, 1895) (Lincoln, 1979a) [240]; A.
mediterranea Chevreux, 1911d.(Ruffo & Wiesner, 1952)
(Krapp-Schickel, 1982b) [340 + 442]; A. megalops
(Buchholz, 1874) (Shoemaker, 1930a) (Just, 1970) [200];
A. ovalipes Norman & Scott, 1906 (Chevreux & Fage,
K
Fig.63. Eusiridae and Clarenciidae. A, Bovallia gigantea; B, Rhachotropis aculeata; C, Eusirus propinquus; D,
Djerboa furcipes; E, Harcledo plumipes; F, Atylopsis dentatus; G, Pontogeneoides abyssi; H, Stenopleura
atlantica; I, Clarencia chelata; J, Calliopius laeviusculus; K, Cleippides bicuspus; L, Haliragoides inermis; M,
Laothoes meinerti; N, Apherusa (= Rozinante) fragilis; 0, Harpinioides drepanocheir; P,Leptamphopus sarsi; Q,
Regalia fascicularis.
308
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
1979a) [240]; A. retovskii Gurjanova,
1935a, 1936b, 1951 [220]; A. ruffoi Krapp-Schickel,
A.
1969a, 1982b [345]; A. sarsi Shoemaker, 1930a
megalops identification of Sars, 1883, 1895)
(Gurjanova, 1951) [220]; A. stuxbergi Oldevig, 1959 [281];
A. tridentata (Bruzelius, 1859) (Sars, 1895)
(Gurjanova, 1951) [220]; A. vexatrix Krapp-Schickel, 1979,
1982b [340].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Arctic, boreal,
rarely warm-temperate, 0-372 m, often neritic, 21
species.
Atyloella Schellenberg
Atyloella Schellenberg, 1929c: 279.
Type species.
1888, monotypy.
Atylopsis
magellanicus
Stebbing,
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, not (type)
or carinate or toothed. Rostrum very small or
obsolescent; lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head pt:pduced. Eyes round.
Antenna 1 longer than 2, peduncular articles
progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than head, article
3 not produced; article 1 of primary flagellum twice as
long as article 30f peduncle, but proliferating
internally; accessory flagellum I-articulate, short.
Labrum incised, broader than long; epistome acutely
produced. Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of
mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 as long as 2.
Labium: inner lobes small. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 5
medial and apical setae, palp long, article 1 short.
Maxilla 2: inner plate not· broader nor longer than
outer, inner plate with facial row of 6 setae. Maxilliped:
inner phite not relatively long, outer plate not longer
than inner; palp of 4 articles, 1-2 narrow, 4 shorter
than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior margin,
unguiform.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 strongly expanded ventrally,
coxa·4 with posterior lobe. Gnathopods alike, medium,
2 larger than 1, subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of both
shorter than propodus, without posterior lobe, carpus
with· sparse long posterior setae, propodus weakly
expanded, palms weakly oblique. Pereopods 3-7
ordinary to elongate, simple,· dactyls simple, article 2 not
anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 with sman posteroventral
tooth. Outer rami of uropods:I-2 shortened; rami with
lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not
extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle with large
process, rami lanceolate, •subequal(?). relspn ordinary,
cleft, lobes often notched, apices without long
armaments.
Variables. Telson cleft one fourth (A. dentata);
body with dorsal teeth on pleon (A. dentata, A.
quadridens, A. moke); inner plate of maxilla 1 with
only 2 setae (A. moke); accessory flagellum elongate
(A. moke); palp article 3 of mandible shorter than
article 2 (A. moke); facial row of setae on maxilla 2
reduced to 1 seta.
Relationship. Differing from ·Liouvillea in the small
rostrum and produced anteroventral angle of the head.
From Pseudomoera in the presence of facial setae on
the inner plate of maxilla 2, the large process on the
peduncle of uropod 3 and more importantly, the
nonlobate carpus of the gnathopods.
See Atylopsis, Calliopiella and Meteusiroides.
Species. See K.H. Barnard (1932); Nicholls (1938);
Schellenberg (1926a, 1931); Stephensen (1947a);
Thurston (1974a,b); A. dentata K.H. Bamard, 1932 [831];
A. magellanica (Stebbing, 1888) (Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 1974) [800 + B]; A. quadridens (K.H. Bamard,
1930) (Schellenberg, 1931) [870B); A. moke J .L.
Bamard, 1972b [776].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctic and
austral 0-549 m; A. moke, New Zealand, 0 m; 4
species.
A ty lopsis Stebbing
Figs 62P, 63F
Atylopsis Stebbing, 1888: 924.-Thurston, 1974b: 53.
Type species. Atylopsis emarginatus Stebbing, 1888,
selected by J.L. Bamard, 1969c.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth,
carinate or toothed. Rostrum small; lateral cephalic
lobes ordinary, anteroventral margin of head not
produced. Eyes reniform. Antenna 2 longer than 1,
peduncular articles of antenna 1 progressively shorter,
article 1 not as long as head, article 3 produced (type);
article 1 of primary flagellum ordinary, accessory
flagellum I-articulate, flappet-like; flagellar articles
simple (see Paracalliopiella). Labrum weakly incised, as
long as broad; epistome unproduced. Molar triturative,
conical, article 2 of mandibular palp unlobed, article 3
almost as long as 2. Labium: inner lobes small. Maxilla 1:
inner lobe with 3-4 medial setae, palp long, article 1
short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader nor longer
than outer, inner lobe without facial row of setae but
with 4+ other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plates not
relatively long, outer plate slightly longer than inner,
ordinary; palp of. 4 articles, 4 as long as 3, 3
unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior margin,
unguiform.
Coxae ordinary, often short, .coxa 1 not produced
anteriorly, weakly expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with
posterior lobe or· not excavate. Oostegites expanded.
Gnathopods alike, medium to large, 2 larger than 1,
Bamard & Kararnan: Marine Garnrnaridean Arnphipoda
subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of both slightly to much
shorter than propodus,
weak or indistinct
posterodistal lobe not extending distad, carpus with
numerous
long
posterior
setae,
propodus
ovatorectangular, palm slightly oblique. Pereopods 3-7
ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly
lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-3
shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3
ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle
without large process, rami lanceolate, almost subequal.
Telson ordinary, incised to deeply emarginate, lobes
scarcely notched, apices without long armaments.
Variables. Coxa 4 unlobed, not excavate (A.
orthodactyla); article 3 of antenna 1 not produced (A.
orthodactyla); gnathopod 2 slightly elongate (see
Relationship) (A. procerus).
Relationship. Differing from Atyloella in the
epistome and from Dautzenbergia by the
presence of inner lobes on the lower Hp and the
absence of major armaments on the inferior margins of
tre dactyls of pereopods 3-7. From Gondogeneia in the
unc~eft telson. From Halirages bungei in the emarginate
telson. From the type of Halirages in the short carpus of
the gnatliopods; intergrading to Halirages.
Differing from Oradarea in the short gnathopod 2 but
intermediated by A. procerus; Atylopsis and Oradarea
need re-evaluation in search of better generic
differences.
See Calliopiella, Harpinioides, Lopyastis,
u~produced
Manerogeneia, Membrilopus, Paracalliopiella,
Pontogeneia, Regalia, Stenopleura, Tylosapis and
Whangarusa.
Species. Atylopsis emarginatus Stebbing, 1888
[799B]; A. orthodactylus Thurston, 1974a [872]; ?A.
procerus Andres, 1986 [885P].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica to
Marion Island, 18-567 m, 3 species.
[Gammarellidae] Austroregia I.L. Barnard
[see also Iphimediidae]
Austroregia lL. Bamard,· 1989: 703.
Type species.
original designation.
Atylus
huxleyanus
Bate,
1862,
Di~gnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, carinate or
toothed. Rostrum small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
round. Antennae subequal, peduncular articles of
antenna 1 progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than
head, article 3 indistinctly produced; article 1 of
primary flagellum ordinary, accessory flagellum
309
absent; calceoli present and of form found in
Gammarellidae. Labrum entire, subrounded, longer than
broad; epistome unproduced. Molar
broad
but scarcely columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 shorter than 2, weakly sickle-shaped.
Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate with
about 6 apicomedial setae, palp long, article 1 shorter
than 2. Maxilla 2: inner plate narrower and not longer
than outer, plates narrow, inner plate with inner marginal
row of 6+ setae and other medial setules. Maxilliped:
inner plate not relatively long, outer plate as long as
inner; palp of 4 articles, 1-2 broad, 3-4 narrow together,
4 shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 setulose along inferior
margin.
Coxae ordinary but strongly rounded and
foreshortened anteroventrally, coxa 1 not produced
anteriorly nor ~xpanded ventrally, coxa 4 not twice as
long as 1, with posterior lobe, excavate. Gnathopods
alike, medium, subchelate, not eusirid, carpus much
shorter thanpropodus, without posterior lobe, without
numerous long posterior setae, propodus weakly
swollen, elongate, palms very oblique, one spine
slightly outside of palmar extent. Pereopods 3-7
scarcely elongate, simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not
anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of
uropods 1-2 shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal
spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, weakly extended beyond
uropod 1, peduncle without large process, rami
lanceolate, alike. Telson elongate, incised or weakly
cleft, linguiform, without long apical armaments.
Relationship. This genus is situated twice .in this
handbook, here and in the Iphimediidae.
Very close to Pontogeneia but with gammarellidand
not pontogeneiid calceoli (see Lincoln & Hurley, 1981
for these forms). Also differing from Pontogeneia in the
poor cleft of the telson, lack of minute inner lobes on
the lower lip, the rounded and anteroventrally blunt
coxae 1~4 and the fully marginal medial setae on the
inner plate of maxilla 2.
Differing from Halirages in the unse-rrate epimeron 3
and weakness of· the process on article 3 of antenna 1.
From Paracalliopiella in lack of accessory flagellum and
elongate telson. From Apherusa in the elongate telson
and swollen propodus of the gnathopods. Like
Whangarusa but gnathopod 1 in male not grossly
enlarged and article 3 of antenna 1 not distinctly
produced.
Because of acuminate anterior coxae, Halirages
regis is diagnostically referable to and keys out to
Parepimeria in the Iphimediidae, but otherwise has no
relationship to that genus; the gnathopods are entirely
different; A. regis is therefore a confounding taxon. The
analyses ill the literature suggest that A;. hu~leyan(l
and A. regis are also very close despite the acuminate
coxae of A. regis that make it referable to
Iphimediidae.
See Chosroes and Harpinioides.
Species. Austroregiabatei Cunningham, 1871 [864];
310
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
A. huxleyana (Bate, 1862) (Schellenberg, 1931) (K.H.
Bamard, 1932) (was Halirages) [866]; A. regis (Stebbing,
1914b) (= A. huxleyanus identification of Stebbing,
1888) (=A. stebbingi Schellenberg, 1931) (K.H. Bamard,
1932) [866].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, austral Magellan
region and nearby islands, 0-91 m, 3 species.
A wacaris Veno
Awacaris Veno, 1971d: 241.
Type species. Awacaris kawasawai Veno,
original designation.
deeply cleft telson and nonenlarged outer plate of the
maxilliped.
The linear gnathopods suggest affinities with Oradarea
and Schraderia but Awacaris differs in uropod 3 and
maxilla 1.
Differing from Apherusa in the deeply cleft and
slightly elongate telson. From Relictomoera in the
thinner gnathopods, longer carpus of gnathopod 2, wellsetose inner plate of maxilla 1 and short article 3 of
antenna 1.
One may wonder if Schraderia udehe belongs with
Awacaris.
Species. Awacaris kawasawai Veno, 1971d [028c].
1971d,
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum obsolescent; lateral cephalic lobes weakly
sinusoid, anteroventral margin of head weakly
produced. Eyes absent. Antenna 1 longer than 2,
peduncular articles progressively shorter, article 1
shorter than head, article 2 almost as long as article 1;
article 3 short, not produced; article 1 of primary
flagellum ordinary, accessory flagellum I-articulate,
conicaL Labrum entire, subrounded, broader than long;
epistome unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar, article
2 of mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 as long as 2.
Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate with
many medial setae, palp short, article 1 longer than 2.
Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader nor longer than outer,
inner plate with facial row of many setae and other
medial setae. Maxilliped:· inner plate relatively long,
enlarged, outer plate slightly shorter than inner,
ordinary; palp of 4 articles, narrow, 4 shorter than 3, 3
unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary to slightly short, coxa 1 not
produced anteriorly nor expanded ventrally, coxa 4
not twice as long as 1, with weak posterior lobe weakly
excavate. Gnathopods diverse~ feeble, 2 longer than 1,
subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of both longer and
broader than propodus, without posterior lobe, carpus
with sparse long posterior setae, gnathopod. 1 ordinary,
gnathopod 2 very slender or linear, carpus and propodus
elongate, unlobed, palms very short. Pereopods 3-7
ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly
lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of· uropods 1-2
shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Vropod' 3
ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle
without large process, rami somewhat rod-shaped,
nearly subequal. Telson elongate, cleft, lobes
notched, without long apical armaments.
Relationship. This genus is characterised by the
rod-shaped rami of uropod 3 which' resemble those
in gammaridean amphipod groups such as
crangonyctoids; the small palp of maxilla 1 is also
characteristic but this resemblance to Laothoes is
lessened by the otherwise strong differences. in the
Habitat and distribution. Freshwater, Japan,
Shikoku, Himise-do Cave, near Kaminaka-cho, Tokushima.
[?Gammarida] Bathyschraderia Dahl
Bathyschraderia Dahl, 1959: 224.
Type species. Bathyschraderia magnifica Dahl, 1959,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, not
toothed. Rostrum small; lateral cephalic lobes separated
from cheek by slit; anteroventral margin of head not
produced. Eyes absent. [?Antenna 2 longer than 1],
peduncular article 1 of antenna 1 [?longer- than head],
article 2 longer than article 1; article 3 short, not
produced; article 1 of primary flagellum [?ordinary];
accessory flagellum I-articulate, scale-like. Labrum
emarginate, epistome with keel, unproduced(?). Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 as long as 2. Labium: inner lobes
absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate with many medial setae,
palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner' plate not
broader nor longer . than outer, inner plate with facial
row of many setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not
relatively long, outer plate as long as inner; palp of 4
articles, narrow, article 2 elongate, 4as long as 3, 3
unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior margin,
unguiform.
Coxae 1-4 long, 1-3 serrate below, coxa 1 not
produced anteriorly nor expanded venttally, coxa 4 not
twice as long as 1, with posterior lobe. Gnathopods
alike, both very slender, linear, (non-eusirid), 2 longer
than 1, subchelate, carpus and propodus elongate,
unlobed, carpus with numerous long posterior setae,
palms well developed. Pereopods 3-7 [?ordinary
?elongate], simple, dactyls simple, spined on superior
margins, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3
with small posteroventral tooth. Outer rami of uropods
1-2 shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines.
VropodJ ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1,
peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate,
subequaL Telson elongate, cleft, apices serrate.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Relationship.. This genus is probably a
gammaridan without accessory flagellum and should be
transfered to a position near the Bathyceradocus
group (see Bamard & Bamard, 1983).
Differing from Schraderia in the longer dactyl of the
maxillipedal palp, the presence of superiorly spinose
dactyls on pereopods 3-7, and the elongate article 2 of
antenna 1, longer than article 1. From Djerboa in the
elongate peduncle of antenna 1 bearing elongate
article 2 and the unarmed dactyls of the posterior
pereopods.
See Bouvierella.
Species.. Bathyschraderia fragilis Kamenskaya, 1981a
[601A]; B. magnifica Dahl, 1959 [523A].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, Kermadec and
Philippine Trenches, 6960-7000 m, 2 species.
Bouvierella Chevreux
Bouvierella Chevreux, 1900a: 70.-J.L. Bamard, 1969a: 95.
311
Telson weakly elongate, emarginate, apices without
long armaments.
Relationship.. Differing from Schraderia, Halirages,
Apherusa, Leptamphopus, Oradarea, Bathyschraderia
and Djerboa in the prehensile pereopods.
Differing also from Schraderia, Djerboa and
Bathyschraderia in the absence of accessory flagellum,
and poorly cleft telson. From Oradarea in the falcate
article 3 of the mandibular palp, the absence of
accessory flagellum and absence of inner lobes on the
lower lip. From Bathyschraderia in the short peduncle
of antennae 1-2. From Amphithopsis in the serrate
epimeron 3. From Leptamphopus in the scarcely
shortened outer ramus of uropod 3 being three fourths
or more as long as inner, whereas in Leptamphopus the
outer ramus is two thirds or less as long as the inner
ramus.
See Calliopiella.
Species.. Bouvierella carcinophila (Chevreux, 1889a,
1900a, 1935) [359B + I].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, Azores, 620-1386
m, 1 species.
Type species.. Paramphithoe carcinophilus Chevreux,
1889a, monotypy.
Diagnosis.. Body ordinary, compressed, not
toothed. Rostrum moderate; lateral cephalic lobes
ordinary; anteroventral margin of head not produced.
Eyes absent. Antenna 1 longer than 2, peduncular
articles short and progressively shorter, article 1
shorter than head, article 3 not produced; article 1 of
primary flagellum ordinary, accessory flagellum absent.
Labrum incised, as long as broad; epistome
unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of
mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 falciform, shorter
than 2. Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1:. inner plate
with many medial setae, palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla
2: inner plate scarcely broader but not longer than
outer, outer plate narrow, inner plate without facial
row of setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long,
outer plate as long as inner; palp of 4 articles, 1-2
broad, 4 shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 sparsely spinose
along inferior margin, unguiform.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly
but expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with weak posterior
lobe. Gnathopods diverse, medium, 2 longer than 1,
weakly subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of first barely
longer, of second much longer than propodus, first
weakly swollen, of second unlobed, carpus of both
with several long posterior setae, gnathopod 2 very
slender or linear, carplls an.d propoduselongate,
unlobed. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary to elongate, weakly
prehensile, dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly
lobate. Epimeron 3 serrate. Outer rami of uropods 1-3
slightly shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines.
Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1,
peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate.
Bovallia Pfeffer
Figs 62A, 63A
Bovallia Pfeffer, 1888: 95.-Schellenberg, 1929c: 277.
Type species..
monotypy.
Bovallia
gigantea
Pfeffer,
1888,
Diagnosis.. Body ordinary but stout, compressed,
weakly carinate or toothed posterodorsally.Rostrum
small; lateral cephalic lobes. ordinary, anteroventral
margin of head not produced. Eyescrescentic or
reniform. Antenna 1 slightly longer· than 2, peduncular
articles progressively shorter, article 110nger than head,
article 3 weakly produced (as vestige of accessory
flagellum); article 1 of primary flagellum ordinary;
accessory flagellum absent. Labrum entire, subrounded,
broader than·· long; epistome unproduced. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 as long as 2. Labium:· inner lobes
absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 12 medial setae,· palp
long, article 1· not longer than 2. Maxilla 2: inner plate
not broader nor longer than outer, inner plate with
facial row of setae and other medial setae. Maxilliped:
illJ1~r plates not relatively long, outer plate as long as
inner; palp of 4 articles, 1,..2 broad, 3-4 narrow, 4
shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along~ inferior
margin.
Coxae ordinary, progressively longer toward coxa
4; coxa 1 scarcely produced anteriorly or expanded
ventrally, coxa 4 twice as long as 1, with posterior
312
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
lobe excavate. Gnathopods alike, subchelate, not
eusirid, large carpus of both shorter than propodus,
with strong posterodistal lobe not extending distad,
carpus with numerous long posterior setae, propodus
ovate, palm long, oblique. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary,
simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate.
Epimeron 3 smooth (with 1 tiny tooth). Outer rami of
uropods 1-2 slightly shortened; rami with lateral and
dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended beyond
uropod 1, peduncle without large process, rami
lanceolate. Telson elongate, cleft halfway, apices
without long armaments. Oostegites broad.
scarcely excavate. Gnathopods alike, medium, weakly
subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of both much shorter
than propodus, with weak posterior lobe not extending
distad, carpus with short posterior setae, propodus
elongate, palm short, excavate. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary,
simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate.
Epimeron 3 weakly scalloped. Both rami of uropods 12 short; rami without lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod
3 small but extended distinctly beyond uropod 1,
peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate,
subequal. Telson ordinary, entire, linguiform, apex
without long armaments.
Relationship. Characterised by the first article of
antenna 1 being longer than the head.
Differing from Eurymera in the subequal rami of
uropod 3; from Calliopius in the weaker lobe on the
gnathopodal carpus and the cleft of the telson; from
Gondogeneia in the toothed body and fully developed
setae on maxilla 2.
See Calliopius, Eurymera, Manerogeneia, Pontogeneia
and Regalia.
Relationship. Characterised by the short urQPod 3
and nonspinose rami of uropods 1-2. Further,
differing from Atylopsis in the lack of inner lobes on the
lower lip. From Bouvierella in the larger gnathopods
almost identical to each other and the presence of an
accessory flagellum. From Calliopius in presence of an
accessory flagellum and poorly lobate carpus of the
gnathopods. From Liquvillea, Cleippides, Apherusa and
Halirages in the short gnathopodal carpus. From
Atyloella and Eusiroides in the more densely setose
maxilla 1. From Bovallia in the elongatepropodus of the
gnathopods.
Species. Bovallia gigantea Pfeffer, 1888 (Chevreux,
1906a) (Schellenberg, 1931) (K.H. Barnard, 1932)
(Stephensen, 1938c, 1947a) (Thurston, 1974a,b) [870].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, 0-91
m, 1 species.
Species. Calliopiella michaelseni Schellenberg, 1925a
(J.L. B~mard, 1978b) [7431].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, South Africa,
with limpets, intertidal, 1 species.
Calliopiella Schellenberg
Calliopiella Schellenberg, 1925a: 147.-J.L. Bamard, 1978b:
33.
Calliopiuru$ Bushueva
Calliopiurus Busbueva, 1986: 1296.
Type species. Calliopiella michaelseni Schellenberg,
1925a, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body slender, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum obsolescent; lateral cephalic lobes ordinary;
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes ovate.
Antennae subequal, short, peduncular articles of
antenna 1 progressively shorter, article 3 not produced;
article 1 of primary flagellum ordinary, accessory
flagellum I-articulate, scale-like. Labrum entire,
subrounded, broader than long; epistome unproduced.
Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular
palp unlobed, article 3 as long as 2. Labium: inner lobes
absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate with many medial and
apical setae, palp long, article 1 short.· Maxilla 2: plates
narrow, inner plate with facial row of many setae· and
f~\V.. oth~r 1l1~d.ial setae. Maxilliped:. inner pl(jle not
relatively long, outer plate not longer than inner; palp
of 4 articles, 1-2 broad, elongate. together, 3-4 narrow
together, 4 slightly shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 spinose
along inferior margin.
.
Coxae short, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 without posterior lobe,
Type species. Calliopiurus excel/ens Bushueva, 1986,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary ,
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
absent. Antenna 1 slightly shorter than elongate 2,
peduncular articles progressively shorter, article 1
!horter than head, article 3 not produced; article 1 of '
primary flagellum ordinary, accessory flagellum
I-articulate. Labrum entire, rounded, broader than
long; epistome unproduced. Incisor pectinate, molar
simple, humped or conical, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 as shorter than 2. Labium: [?inner
lobes present]. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 6-7 apical
andsu.lJapical setae, . palp long, article 1 .short. Maxilla
2: inner plate as wide but shorter than outer, inner
plate without facial row of setae and with sparse medial
setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long, outer
plate as long . as inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 very short,
3 unlobed, [?4 not spinose along inferior margin].
Coxae 1-3 elongate, twice as long as broad, coxa 1
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
not expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate. Gnathopods
slender, linear, almost
simple, not eusirid, carpus of both as long as propodus,
without lobes, carpus with few short posterior setae,
propodi long, thin, not bent apically, dactyl not folding
into posterior margin. Pereopods 3-7 elongate, simple,
dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron
3 smooth. Outer rami of only uropod 2 shortened; rami
without lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 with very
elongate rami, strongly extended beyond uropod 1,
peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate,
[?nearly subequal; 1 ramus broken]. Telson very short,
weakly incised, apices without long armaments.
Relationship. Differing from Harpinioides in the
elongate antenna 2, elongate unlobed carpus of the
gnathopods, unbent propodi and unshortened outer
ramus of uropod 1. From Cleippides in the elongate
coxae 1-3 and elongate antenna 2.
Species. Calliopiurus
[391].
excell~ns
Bushueva, 1986
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Davis Sea, 0-50
m, 1 species.
[Calliopiidae] Calliopius Liljeborg
Figs 59C, 60D, 62K, 63J
Calliope Bate, 1857d: 142 [homonym, Aves] (Calliope Leachii
Bate, 1857d (= Amphithoe laeviuscula Kr~yer, 1838),
rtlonotypy).
Calliopius Li1j~borg, 1865a: 11 [new name forCalliope].~
Stebbing, 1906: 295.-Lincoln, 1979a: 406.
Type species. Calliope Leachii Bate, 1857d (= Amphithoe
laeviuscula Krf{jyer, 1838), monotypy
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, slender, compressed,
weakly· carinate. Rostrum small, lateral cephalic lobes
ordinary, anteroventral margin of head not produced.
Eyes reniform. Antennae subequal, peduncular articles
of antenna 1 progressively shorter, article 1 almost as
long as head, article 3 produced; article 1 of primary
flagellum almost as long as article 3 of peduncle.;
accessory flagellum absent. Labrum entire, subrounded,
broader than long; epistome unproduced. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 as long as 2. Labium: inner lobes small.
Maxilla 1: inner plate with 4 medial setae, palp long,
article 1 .shQrt.Max,illa 2: inner plate not broader nor
longer than outer, plates narrow, inner with facial row
of 1 seta and many other medial setae. Maxilliped:
inner plate not relatively long, outer plate slightly
longer than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 slightly shorter
than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior
margin.
313
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 scarcely produced
anteriorly or expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior
lobe, excavate. Gnathopods alike, medium, 2 scarcely
larger than 1, subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of both
distinctly shorter ~than propodus, with strong posterior
lobe not extending distad, with numerous long
posterior setae. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls
simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron· 3
smooth. Outer rami of uropods· 1-2 slightly shortened;
rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary,
not extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle ·without
large process, rami lanceolate, subequal. Telson
elongate, entire, linguiform, without long apical
armaments.
Additional characters. Calceoli tympanic, on both
antennae in both sexes; coxal gills 2-6; oostegites
broad.
Relationship. Like Gammarellus but accessory
flagellum absent, medial setae on maxillae sparser,
inner lobes of lower lip present.
Differing . from Accedomoera in the uncleft telson
and stronger lobes on the carpus of the gnathopods.
From Halirages in the short lobed carpus of the
gnathopods, slight inner lobes on lower lip, short
peduncle of uropod 3 and presence of only one facial
seta on maxilla 2. From Pontogeneia in the uncleft
telson, lobed carpus of the gnathopods and the presence
of only one facial seta on maxilla 2. From Bovallia in the
uncleft telson.
See Calliopiella, Paracalliopiella and Pontogeneia~
Species. Calliopius behringi Gurjanova, 1951 [281];
C. laeviusculus (Kr0yer, 1838b) (= C. rathkii Zaddach,
1844) (=C. gibba Frey & Leuckart, 1847) (= C.
macropthalmus [sic] Stimpson, 1853) (= C. leachi Bate,
1857d) (= C. serraticornis Sars, 1858) (= C. grandoculis
Bate, 1862) (= C. crenulatus Chevreux & Fage, 1925)
(Sars, 1895) (Bousfield, 1973) (Lincoln, 1979a). [200].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, circumarcticboreal, 0-20 m, 2 species.
[Gammarellidae] Chosroes Stebbing
Chosroes Stebbing, 1888: 1208.
Type speciese Chosroesincisus Stebbing,
monQtypy.
1888,
Diagn.osis. Body depressed, weakly (type) to
strongly carinate. Rostrum small; lateral cephalic lobes
ordinary. Eyes round. Anteroventral margin of head
not produced. Antenna 2 longer than 1, peduncular
articles of antenna 1 progressively shorter, article 1
shorter than head, article 3 not produced; article 1
314
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
of primary flagellum short, accessory flagellum
absent. Labrum emarginate, or not broader than long;
epistome unproduced (type) or keeled. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of palp unlobed, article 3
as long as 2. Labium: inner lobes present. Maxilla 1:
inner lobe with apical setae, palp long, article 1 not
longer than 2. Maxilla 2: inner plate slightly broader but
not longer than outer. Maxilliped: inner lobes not
relatively long, outer lobe longer than inner; palp of 4
articles, 1-2 narrow, 3-4 narrow, 4 shorter than 3, 3
unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, progressively longer toward coxa
4; coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor expanded
ventrally, coxa 4 twice as long as 1, weakly to strongly
excavate posteriorly. Gnathopods alike, subchelate, not
eusirid, medium, carpus of both as long as but not wider
than propodus, without posterodistal lobe, carpus with
numerous long posterior setae.. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary,
elongate, simple, dactyls simple, article 2 anteriorly or
posteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of
uropods 1-2' shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines.
Uropod 3 ordinary, not (type) or strongly extended
beyond uropod 1, peduncle without large process,
rami lanceolate. Telson ordinary to elongate, cleft or
incised (type); linguiform,_ apices with long apical
armaments.
Additional character. Calceoli of Type-6 (Lincoln
& Hurley, 1981) thus of gammarellid affinity.
Variables. Body strongly carinate and toothed (C.
decoratus); labrum incised (type) or rounded (C.
decoratus); coxa -4 strongly excavate (C. decoratus);
uropod 3 strongly extended beyond uropod 1 (C.
decoratus);telson cleft one third (C. decoratus).
Relationship. Characterised by the depressed body.
Calceolar structure relates this genus to Gammarellus
and Austroregia.
Chosroes differs from Austroregia, its apparent
closest sibling; in the non-enlarged gnathopod 1,
narrower outer plate of maxilliped and presence of
anterior hump on article 2 of pereopods 3-4.
Scarcely distinct from Pleustidae but lower lip not
definitely of that form.
Species. Chosroes decoratus K.H. Bamard, 1932
(Andres, 1982) [870 + B]; C. incisus Stebbing, 1888 (K.H.
Bamard, 1930, 1932) (Schellenberg, 1931) [835].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, circumaustral
and subantarctic, 95-342 m, 2 species.
[also Iphimediidae] .Cleippides Boeck
Figs 59E, 63K
.Cleippides Boeck, 1871b: 201.
Type species.. Acanthonotus tricuspis Kr0yer, 1846,
monotypy.
Type. Poorly described, generic diagnosis based on
other species. Kr~yer (1846a) not seen. Quotes from
Stebbing (1906).
Diagnosis. Body ordinary to slender, compressed,
carinate or toothed. Rostrum small to large; lateral
cephalic lobes ordinary to sinusoid. Eyes reniform.
Anteroventral margin of head produced. Antenna 1
much longer than 2,peduncular article 1 shorter than
head, article 2 as long as article 1; article 3 not
produced; article 1 of primary flagellum ordinary,
accessory flagellum I-articulate or absent. Labrum
entire, or emarginate, [?longer broader than long
broad]; epistome unproduced. Molar [?triturative,
columnar], article 2 of palp unlobed, article 3[?as long
as longer shorter than 2], 'articles 2-3 distally widened'.
Labium: inner lobes small. Maxilla 1: inner lobe with
,several setae' palp long, article 1 not longer than 2.
Maxilla 2: inner plate shorter than outer, inner lobe
'fringed with medial setae'. Maxilliped: inner lobes
'moderate', outer lobe longer than inner; palp of 4
articles, 1-3 'subequal in length' ,4 'small', 3 [?unlobed,
4 not spinose along inferior margin].
Coxae ordinary and not progressively longer
toward coxa 4, coxa 5 slightly enlarged; coxa 1 not
(type) or strongly produced anteriorly or expanded
ventrally, coxa 4 not longer than 1, weakly excavate.
Gnathopods alike, subchelate, simple, not eusirid,
medium, carpus of both much longer but not wider or
much wider than· propodus, without posterior lobe, with
numerous posterior setae, gnathopods 1-2 and very
slender or linear, not elongate. Pereopods 3-7. elongate,
simple, dactyls strongly pectinate or spined on inferior
and superior margins, article 2 simple. Epimeron 3
strongly and sparsely toothed. Outer rami of uropods
1-2 scarcely shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal
spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended beyond
uropod 1, peduncle without large process, rami
lanceolate. Telson ordinary, entire, subpointed.
Variables. See Diagnosis.
Relationship. Differing from Amphithopsis in the
long outer ramus of uropod 3 and shape of
gnathopods. From Laothoes (also see) in the ordinary
outer plate of the maxilliped. From Oradarea in lack of
medial seta~ on maxilla 1 and pectinate dactyls. From
Metaleptamphopus in reversal of pectinations on
dactyl of pereopods 3-7 and shorter uropod 3. From
Stenopleura, Stenopleuroides, Haliragoides and Regalia
in the unproduced. article 3 of antenna 1. From
Djerboa in the poorly setose inner plate of maxilla 1,
and simple gnathopods. From Leptamphopus and
Schraderia in the weakness of elongation on carpus of
gnathopods, 'carinate body and pectinate dactyls. From
Accedomoera in -the shape of the gnathopods and
uncleft telson. From Lopyastis in the carinate body
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
and long carpus of the gnathopods. From Haliragoides
in the carinate body, simple gnathopods and pectinate
dactyls. From Paracalliopiella in the even articles on
the flagellum of antenna 1 and simple gnathopods.
From Leptamphopus in the carinate body and simple
dactyls.
See Apherusa.
Species. See Gurjanova, 1951; Stephensen, 1931a,
1933b, 1940b, 1944a; C. bicuspis Stephensen, 1931a
(Gurjanova, 1951) [209BA]; C. quadricuspis HelIer, 1875
(Sars, 1885) (Chevreux, 1935) (Stephensen, 1938b)
[220 + B]; C. tricuspis (Kr~yer, 1846a,b) (Stephensen,
1931a) [251 + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, circumarctic to
high North Atlantic, largely deep water, 28-1900 m, 3
species.
Cleonardo Stebbing'
Fig.61A
Cleonardo Stebbing, 1888: 959.
Type species. C leonardo longipes Stebbing, 1888,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum small or large, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary
or sinusoid, anteroventral margin of head not
produced. Eyes absent. Antennae subequal or 1 longer
than 2, calceoli present, peduncular article 1 as long as
head, article 2 as long as or longer than article 1; article
3 not produced; article 1 of primary flagellum in male
twice or more as long as article 3 of peduncle;
strongly armed with aesthetascs;' accessory flagellum 1articulate, elongate. Labrum entire, subrounded,
broader than long; epistome ·unproduced. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 longer or shorter than 2. Labium:
inner lobes small, forcing gape between outer ,lobes.
Maxilla 1: inner plate with 2 apical setae, palp long,
article 1 scarcely shorter than 2. Maxilla 2: inner plate
much to slightly broader but not longer than outer,
outer plate narrow, inner plate without 'facial 'row of
setae but with other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner
plate not relatively long, outer. plate longer than
inner; palpof 4 articles, 4 slightly shorter than 3, 3
unlobed, 4 spinose or setulose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not strongly produced
anteriorly nor expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with
posterior lobe, excavate. Gnathopods alike, large,
subchelate, not or scarcely eusirid, carpus of both
much shorter than propodus, with strong posterior lobe
extending distad,with numerous long posterior setae,
propodus large, expanded, ovate, palms very oblique.
Pereopods 3-7 elongate, simple, dactyls simple, but
315
often setose, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron
3 smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-3 shortened; rami
with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not
extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle without large
process, rami lanceolate. Telson elongate, cleft, apices
without long armaments.
Variables. Accessory flagellum absent (C. maxima);
article 1 of antenna 1 with long tooth (C. spinicornis);
article 2 produced (C. biscayensis).·
Relationship. Differing from Rhachotropis in the
noncarinate body and anteriorly unproduced 'coxa 1.
From Cleonardopsis in the generally similar lengths of
coxae 1 and 4, the elongate pereopods 5-7. From
Eusiroides in the elongate pereopods and unproduced
coxa 1.
See Harcledo, Meteusiroides and Eusirella.
Species. See Birstein & Vinogradov (1955, 1960,
1962b); Gurjanova (1951); Pirlot (1929); Schellenberg
(1926c, 1955); Stephensen(1933, 1940a, 1944c); C.
appendiculatus (Sars, 1879, 1885) (Gurjanova, 1951)
[220BA]; C. biscayensis Chevreux, 1908e, 1935 (Birstein
& Vinogradov, 1964) [423A]; C. brevipes Ledoyer, 1982b
[618A]; C. longipes Stebbing, 1888 (= C. longirostris
Chevreux, 1908e) (Birstein & Vinogradov, 1962b, 1964)
[422B]; C. macrocephala Birstein & Vinogradov, 1955,
1962b [420BA]; C. maxima Birstein & Vinogradov, 1964
[609B]; C. microdactyla Stephensen, 1912b (Shoemaker,
1945a) (Gurjanova, 1951) [216BA]; C. neuvillei
Chevreux, 1908e, 1935 [304A]; C. spinicornis Chevreux,
1908e, 1927, 1935 [304A].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan,
cold or deep waters, caught in vertical hauls 1000-5000
m deep, confirmed depths however only 1000-1500 m,
9 species.
Cleonardopsis K.H. Barnard
Cleonardopsis K.H. Bamard, 1916: 175.
Amathillopleustes Pirlot, 1934: 205 (Amathillopleustes
alticoxa Pirlot, 1934, original designation).
Type species. C leonardopsis carinata K.H. Barnard,
1916, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, weakly
carinate or toothed posterodorsally. Rostrum small,
lateral cephalic lobes ordinary, strong, quadrate;
anteroventral margin, of head not produced. Eyes
absent. Antennae subequal, peduncular articles of
antenna 1 progressively shorter, article 1 longer than
head, article 3 not produced; article 1 of primary
flagellum ordinary, accessory flagellum I-articulate,
scale-like. Labrum entire, subrounded, broader than
long, epistome unproduced.Molar triturative,
316
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp ·unlobed, article
3 scarcely longer. than 2. Labium: inner lobes small,
short, mostly coalesced (almost pleustid). Maxilla 1: inner
plate very broad and truncate, with 4 apical setae, palp
long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate broader but
not longer than outer, outer plate narrow, inner plate
without facial row of setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not
relatively long, outer plate slightly longer than inner;
palp of 4 articles, 1-2 narrow, 2 elongate, 3~4 narrow, 4
scarcely shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along
inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, progressively longer toward coxa 4;
coxa 1 scarcely produced anteriorly or expanded
ventrally, coxa 4 twice as long as 1, with posterior lobe,
excav(lte. Gnathopods alike, medium, scarcely
subchelate, both scarcely eusirid, carpus of both wider
but scarcely shorter than propodus, with broad,
truncate posterior lobe not extending· distad, carpus
thus larger than propodus, with numerous posterior
setae, palm long but poorly developed, very· oblique.
Pereopods 3-7 elongate, simple, dactyls simple, article 2
not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 with 1 tooth. Outer
rami of ufopods 1..2 slightly shortened; rami with lateral
and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended
beyond uropod 1,· peduncle without large process, rami
lanceolate. Telson slightly elongate, cleft one fourth
its length, apices without long armaments.
Relationship. Differing from Eusiroides in the
larger or longer carpus of gnathopods 1-2, the
elongation of palp article 2 on the maxilliped, by coxa
4 being twice as long as coxa 1 and the more slender
elongate mandibular ·palp. From Rhac~otropis in the
disparity between the lengths of coxae 1 and 4~
See, Cleonardo, Harcledo, Metaleptamphopus,
Meteusiroides and Stenopleuroides.
Species.Cleonardopsis carinat(1 K.H.Barnard, 1916
1926c)
(Stephensen, 1944c) (Griffiths, 1975) [420B].
(= C. alticoxa Pirlot, 1934) (Schellenberg,
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan,
mesopelagic to bathypelagic, 564-1189 m, 1 species.
Dautzenbergia Chevreux
Dautzenbergia Chevreux, 1900a: 73.-J.L. Bamard, 1961a:
106.
article 3 of peduncle; accessory flagellum absent.
Labrum incised, but otherwise subrounded, broader
than long, epistome unproduced. Molar triturative,
columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp unlobed, article
3 longer than 2. Labium: inner lobes small or
obsolescent (type), outer lobes gaping or not (type).
Maxilla 1: innef plate with 3 apical setae, palp long,
article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader nor
longer than outer, plates narrow, inner plate without
facial row of setae and few (1 generally) other medial
setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long, outer
plate slightly longer than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 as
long as 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior
margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 strongly produced
anteriorly or expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with weak
posterior lobe, scarcely excavate. Gnathopods diverse,
first medium, second' large, 2 much larger than 1,
subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of first as .long as, of
second much shorter than propodus, only secopd
with strong posterior lobe extending distad, carpus of
first with numerous long posterior setae, propodus
expanded, ovate, second palm only with row of stout
spines. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls double
toothed on inferior margins, article 2 not·· anteriorly
lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-3
scarcely shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines.
Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1,
peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate,
uJ1equal. Telson elongate, weakly cleft or incised,
linguiform, lobes notched, apices without long
armaments.
Relationship. Differing from Eusiroid~s and
Pontogeneoides in the normal, unexpanded inner
plate of maxilla 2. From Tethygeneia in the strong
propodus of gnathopod 2, in adults with row of very
stout spines, the lack of accessory flagellum or process
on article 3 of antenna 1, the elongate article 3 of the
mandibular palp and the small rostrum.
See Atylopsis, Pontogeneoides and Stenopleura.
Species. Dautzenbergia dentata (Chevreux, 1920,
1927) (Stephensen, 1944c) [401B]; D. grandimana
(Chevreux, 1887c, 1900a, 1927) (Griffiths, 1977b) [350B,
690B, 740B]; D. megacheir (Walker, 1897~ (Chevreux,
1927, 1935) (Stephensen, 1944c) (Diviacco, 1983a)
[350B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, North Atlantic
to western Indian Ocean, 363-1400 m, 3 species.
Type species. Amphithopsis grandimana Chevreux,
1887c, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, smooth. Rostrum small,
lateral cephalic lobes ordinary, anteroventral margin of
head not produced. Eyes ovate. Antenna 1 much
longer than 2, peduncular articles progressively shorter,
article 1 scarcely shorter than head, article 3 not
produced; article 1 of primary flagellum as long as
DjerbQQ Chevreux
Figs 61L, 62D, 63D
Djerboa Chevreux, 1906a: 74.-Chevreux, 1912d: 179.
Type species. Djerboa furcipes Chevreux, 1906a,
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
monotypy.
~iagnosis. Body slender, compressed, weakly
carInate or toothed on pleonites 1-2. Rostrum very
small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary; anteroventral
margin of head not produced. Eyes ovate. Antenna 1
longer than 2, peduncular articles progressively
shorter, article 1 as long as head, article 3 not
produced; article 1 of primary flagellum ordinary,
accessory flagellum I-articulate, elongate. Labrum entire,
rounded, as long as broad;epistome unproduced.
M~lar triturative, article 2 of mandibular palp unlobed,
artIcle 3 as long as 2. Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla
1: inner .plate with many medial and apical setae, palp
long, artIcle 1 not longer than 2. Maxilla 2: inner plate
not. broader nor longer than outer, inner plate with
faCIal row of setae. Maxilliped: inner plate ordinary,
outer plate slightly' shorter than inner; palp of 4
articles, 1-4 narrow, 4 shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4
weakly spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 as long as 1, with posterior
lobe. Gnathopods alike, 2 longer than 1, subchelate,
noneusirid, both very slender or linear, elongate,
unlobed, carpus as long as or scarcely longer than
propodus. Pereopods 3-7 elongate, simple, dactyl of
pereopod 7 with 1 tooth on inferior margin, article 2 not
anteriorly loba~e. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of
uropods 1-2 shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal
spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended beyond
uropod 1, peduncle without large process, rami
lanceolate, inner shortened. Telson ordinary, cleft,
apices without long armaments.
Relationship. Differing from Schraderia in the short
inner ramus on uropod 3 and the superior cusp on the
dactyls of p~reopods 3-7. From Leptamphopus and
Oradarea in the deeply cleft telson and the spinose
pereopodal dactyls.
See Bathyschraderia, Bouvierella and Oradarea.
Species. Djerboa jurcipes Chevreux 1906a, 1912d
(Thurston, 1974a,b) (Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer, 1974)
(Andres, 1982) [870].
Habitat and distribution. Marine,' circumantarctic
and Antarctic islands, 0-110 m, 1 species.
317
carinate or toothed, umbonate. Rostrum .very small,
lateral cephalic lobes ordinary, anteroventral' margin
of head not produced. Eyes reniform. Antennae
subequal, peduncular articles of antenna 1
progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than head,
article 3 not produced; article 1 of primary flagellum
ordinary, accessory flagellum absent. Labrum entire,
subrounded, broader than long epistome unproduced.
Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 shorter than 2. Labium: inner lobes
small. Maxilla 1: inner lobe with many medial setae, palp
long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader
nor longer than outer" inner plate with facial row of
many setae and other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner
plate not relatively long, outer plate as long as inner;
palp of 4 articles, 4 slightly shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4
not spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 scarcely produced anteriorly
or expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate. Gnathopods alike, feeble, subchelate, not
eusirid, carpus of both not much shorter than propodus,
without posterior lobe, with numerous long posterior
setae, propodus rectangular, palms scarcely oblique.
Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article 2
not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 minutely serrate. Outer
rami of uropods 1-3 shortened, with lateral and dorsal
spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, extended beyond uropod 1,
peduncle elongate, without large process, rami
lanceolate, unequal, inner ramus longer. Telson
elongate, cleft, lobes notched, without long apical
armaments.
Relationship. This genus is characterised by the
umbonate body. It differs by that character and the
unproduced article 3 of antenna 1 from Bovallia,
Pontogeneia, Tylosapis and Prostebbingia.
In addition, it differs in the shortened outer ramus
of uropod 3 from Pontogeneia and Prostebbingia.
The unlobate carpus of the gnathopodsdistinguish
Eurymera from Bovallia and the strongly .setose
maxillae distinguish it from Tylosapis.
See Chosroes and .Bovallia.
Species. Eurymera monticulosa Pfeffer, 1888
(Chevreux, 1906a, 1912d) (Thurston, 1974a,b) [870].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica and
outliers, 0-40 rn, 1 species.
Eurymera Pfeffer
Eusirella Chevreux
Fig.60E
Fig.60K
Eurymera Pfeffer, 1888: 102.
Eusirella Chevreux, 1908e: 12.
Type species. Eurymera monticulosa Pfeffer, 1888,
monotypy.
Type species. - Eusirella elegans Chevreux, 1908e,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body stout, compressed, weakly
Diagnosis. Body slender, compressed, smooth.
318
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Rostrum small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary;
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
absent. Antenna 1 longer than 2, peduncular article 1 as
long as head, article 2 longer than article 1; article 3
very short, not produced; article 1 of primary
flagellum ordinary to longer than article 3 of peduncle;
accessory flagellum I-articulate, scale-like, or absent.
Labrum entire, subrounded, [?broader than long];
epistome unproduced. Molar poorly triturative or
simple, terete to conical, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 shorter than 2, linear, poorly setose.
Labium: inner lobes present. Maxilla 1: inner plate
without setae, palp short, article 1 longer than 2.
Maxilla 2: inner plate weakly broader but not longer
than outer, inner plate without facial row of setae and
no other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not
relatively long, outer plate longer than inner; palp of 4
articles, 4 slightly shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not
spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae very short, coxa 1 strongly produced
anteriorly or expanded ventrally, coxa 4 without
posterior lobe, not excavate. Gnathopods diverse,
large, 2 larger than 1, subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of
both usually much shorter than propodus, with weak or
no posterior lobe not extending distad, carpus with
numerous long posterior setae, propodus ovate,
elongate, palms very long and oblique, occupying most
of posterior margin. Pereopods 3-7 elongate, simple,
dactyls simple, they and propodi with long plumose
setae, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth.
Outer rami of uropods 1-3 shortened; rami with lateral
and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended
beyond uropod 1, peduncle elongate but without large
process, rami lanceolate. Telson elongate, cleft or
incised, apices withQut long armaments.
Additional characters. Antennal peduncles often
with dense masses of calceoli; flagellum of antenna 2
often short.
Variables. Carpus of gnathopod . 1 as long as
propodus (E. heterochela); carpus of gnathopods better
lobate (E. longisetosa); article 3 of antenna 1 produced
(E. longisetosa); each lobe of telson with giant apical
plume (E. longisetosa).
Relationship. Characterised by the simple molar,
long article 2 of antenna 1, elongate pereopods and short
palp of maxilla 1 in combination.
Differing from Cleonardo, Rhachotropis and Harcledo
in combination' of simple molar and short palp of
maxilla 1.
Species. See Birstein & Vinogradov (1955, 1960);
K.H. Bamard (1932); Chevreux (1935); E. elegans
Chevreux, 1908e (= E. valdiviae Schellenberg, 1926c)
(Stephensen, 1944c) [426B]; E. flagella Andres, 1982
[801A];, E.heterochela Birstein & Vinogradov, 1964
[615B]; E. longisetosa Birstein & Vinogradov, 1960 [528B];
E. multicalceola (Thorsteinson, 1941) (= E. elegans of
Shoemaker, 1945a) (J.L. Bamard 1964d) (Kamenskaya,
1981a) [422B + 601A].
Habitat and distribution. Marine cosmopolitan,
bathypelagic or possibly deeper, probably vertical
migrators, shallowest confirmed depths 820 m, deepest
unknown, 5 species.
Eusirogenes Stebbing
Eusirogenes Stebbing, 1904b: 15.
Type species. Eusirogenes dolichocarpus Stebbing,
1904b, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, weakly
carinate. Rostrum small or large (type), lateral,
cephalic lobes sinusoid; anteroventral margin of head
not produced. Eyes absent. Antennae [?subequal] or 1
longer than 2, peduncular articles progressively
shorter, article 1 as long as head, article 2 almost as long
as article 1; article 3 not produced; article 1 of primary
flagellum twice as long as article 3 of peduncle;
accessory flagellum I-articulate, elongate. Labrum
emarginate, broader than long; epistome unproduced.
Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 shorter than 2. Labium: inner lobes
[unknown in type] small, occasionally forcing gape
between outer lobes. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 0-1 apical
seta, palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate much
broader but not longer than outer, outer plate narrow,
inner plate without facial row of setae and few other
medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long,
outer plate slightly longer than inner; palp of 4 articles,
4 as long as· 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior
margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with weak posterior lobe,
scarcely excavate. Gnathopods diverse, large, 1 larger
than 2, subchelate, both eusirid, carpus of both, much
longer than propodus, with weak posterior lobe not
extending distad, first without, second with numerous
long posterior. setae, carpus of first,'Occasionally
second, gnathopod very slender or linear, otherwise of
second not strongly lobed, but broadly so; propodus
stout, short, trapezoidal. Pereopods 3-7 elongate,
simple, [unknown in type], dactyls simple, article 2 not
anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth or serrate. Outer
rami of uropods 1-3 shortened; rami with lateral and
dorsal spines. Uropod 3 [unknown in type] ordinary,
but peduncle elongate, not extended beyond uropod 1,
peduncle without large proceSS,· rami lanceolate.
Telson [unknown in type] elongate, weakly cleft or
incised, triangular, without long apical armaments.
Additional characters. Article 1 of antenna 1
produced; gill 7 present.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Variables. Uropod 3 known only in E. adad;
telson known only in E. propinquus and E. adad;
article 2 = 3 on mandibular palp (E. adad); carpus of
gnathopod 2 short lobe more extended (E. adad);
carpus almost identical (E. propinquus); outer ramus of
uropod 1 not shortened (E. deflexifrons); epimeron 3
serrate (E. propinquus).
Relationship. Differing from Eusirus in the
enlarged gnathopod 1. This is the only eusirid genus
with eusirid gnathopods characterised by gnathopod 1
,
being the larger.
Differing from Pareusirogenes also in the presence of
an accessory flagellum.
See Eusiropsis.
Species. Eusirogenes adad J.L. Barnard, 1964a
[406B]; E. deflexifrons Shoemaker, 1930a [255B]; E.
dolichocarpus Stebbing, 1904b [221B]; E. homocarpus
Birstein & Vinogradov, 1955, 1958 [280B]; E. propinquus
Scott, 1909 [221 *B]. [* author's original position probably
erroneous, corrected here to 07°W, not 70 o W.]
Habitat and distribution. Marine, northern
hemisphere, 387-1829 m, 5 species.
Eusiroides Stebbing
Eusiroides Stebbing, 1888: 969.
Type species. Atylus monoculoides Haswell, 1879b,
selected by Chevreux & Fage, 1925.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary compressed, smooth or
weakly carinate and toothed. Rostrum small to medium,
lateral cephalic lobes ordinary; anteroventral margin of
head not produced. Eyes reniform. Antenna· 1 longer
than 2, article 1 almost as long as head, article 2 almost
as long as article 1; article 3 short, not produced; article
1 of primary flagellum, short, accessory flagellum 1articulate, elongate. Labrum weakly incised, emarginate,
broader than long; epistome unproduced. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 as long as or longer than 2. Labium:
inner lobes small, forcing gape between outer lobes.
Maxilla 1: inner plate with 1 medial and 1 apical setae or
fewer, palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate
much broader but not longer than outer, outer plate
narrow, inner plate without facial row of setae and no
other basomedial setae. Maxilliped: inner plates not
relatively long, outer plate slightly longer than inner;
palp of 4 articles, 4 sli~~tly shorter than 3, 3 weakly
lobed, 4 not spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 produced anteriorly,
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate, not twice·· as long as coxa 1. Gnathopods
alike, medium to large, subchelate, not· eusirid, carpus of
both, much shorter than propodus, with strong
319
posterior lobe extending distad, carpus with numerous
long posterior setae, propodus broadly ovate, swollen,
palms very oblique and usually bearing thick spines.
Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article 2
not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth or serrate
(type). Outer rami of uropods 1-2 slightly shortened;
rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3
ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle
without large process, rami lanceolate. Telson
elongate, cleft, lobes notched, without long apical
armaments.
Variables. Labrum scarcely incised, not adequately
to overlap Ronco (E. crassi); epimeron 3 not serrate (E.
stenopleura), with one sinus (E. georgianus) , otherwise
serrate; uropod 3 with 2-articulate outer ramus (E.
orchomenipes, possibly distinct genus); E. pictus
probably senior synonym to some other species like E.
diplonyx.
Relationship. Adults generally easy to recognise
because of the large similar gnathopods with short lobate
carpus, large ovate propodus with long palms bearing
row of giant spines in tandem; juveniles and neotenic
species however, bearing less pronounced gnathopods.
Differing from Rhachotropis in the short stout
pereopods and larger palmar spines and generally in
habitat; Eusiroides is a benthic genus generally in shallow
water and the body is quite robust; primarily
demersal, Rhachotropis comes up in benthic hauls but
generally has a more slender more fragile body with
more brittle chitin, the gnathopods are generally
more extended or longer, often twisted, and less
robust.
See Accedomoera, Cleonardo, Cleonardopsis,
Dautzenbergia, Harcledo, Pontogeneoides and Ronco.
Species. Eusiroides caberrantis Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 1986 [799B]; E. aesaris Stebbing (1888) [782];
E. crassi Stebbing, 1888 [706B]; E. dellavallei
Chevreux, 1899c (Ledoyer, 1968, 1982a) (Krapp-Schickel,
1969b) [330]; E. dentimera Ledoyer, 1982a [725wM]; E.
diplonyx Walker, 1909b (Pirlot, 1936b) (J.L. Bamard,
1970a) (Ledoyer, 1972c) [600]; E. georgiana K.H.
Bamard, 1932 (= ?E. crassi of Schellenberg, 1931,
Stephensen, 1947a) [890 + B]; E. japonica Hirayama,
1985b [395]; E. lippus (Haswell, 1879b) [781]; E.
monoculoides (Haswell' 1879b) (= E. pompeii Stebbing,
1888) (= E. verrill~ Kunkel, 1910) (?= E. dellavallei
Chevreux above) (J.L. Bamard, 1972b) [?422];?E.
orchomenipes Walker, 1904 (Nayar, 1967) [665]; E.
picta (Giles, 1890) [662]; E. sarsi Chevreux, 1900a, 1925a,
1927 (Afonso, 1976) [358]; E. stenopleura K.H. Bamard,
1932 (Birstein 8l yinogra.clov, 19(j2,Q). CAndIes, 1982)
[835B]; E. yucatanensis McKinney et al., 1980a [471];
species(= E. crassi identification of Kunkel, 1910) [367].
Habitat
and
distribution.
Marine,
subcosmopolitan but especially tropical, 0-1310
(confirmed) m, 15 species.
320
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan in
low latitudes, epi- or mesopelagic, 2 species.
Eusiropsis Stebbing
Fig.621
Eusiropsis Stebbing, 1897: 39.
Type species. Eusiropsis riisei Stebbing,
monotypy.
Eusirus
Figs 59A, 601, 61C,K, 62C,L, 63C
1897,
Eusirus
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum small,
lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
l
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
absent. Antennae subequal, calceolate, peduncular
article' 1 as long as head, article 2 as long as article .1;
article 3 .not produced; article 1 of primary flagellum
short, accessory flagellum I-articulate, scale-like. Labrum
entire, subrounded, broader than long; epistome
unproduced. Molar simple, .boss-like, article 2 of
mandibular palp unlobed, article .3 longer than 2.
Labium: inner lobes present. Maxilla 1: inner plate
naked, palp long, article 1 almost as long as 2. Maxilla
2: inner plate broader but not longer than outer,
without facial row of setae and few other medial setae.
Maxilliped: inner plates very short and mostly fused
together, outer plate much longer than inner; palp of
4 articles, 4 slightly longer than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not
spinose along inferior ,margin.
Coxae very short and progressively longer toward
coxa 7; coxa 1 not produced. anteriorly nor expanded
ventrally, coxa 4 hot twice as long as 1, with posterior
lobe, excavate; coxa 1-3 posteroventral points.
Gnathopods alike, medium, subchelate, both eusirid,
carpus of both cryptic, much shorter than propodus,
without posterior lobe, carpus without numerous long
posterior setae, propodus very broad. Pereopods 3-7
elongate, simple, dactyls simple, but multisetulate or
setose on inferior margins,' article 2 not anteriorly
lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-3
shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod
3 huge, well extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle
without large process, rami lanceolate. Telson
elongate, weakly cleft, linguiform, lobes notched, with
long apical armaments.
Variables. Molar with very weak triturative plaque;
articles 2-3 of mandibular palp of equal length; dactyl of
maxilliped slightly spinose on inferior margin; coxa 4
more than twice as long as coxa 1; coxa 7 smaller than
6 (all E. spinidorsalis).
Relationship.
Differing
from
Eusirus,
Pareusirogenes and Eusirogenes in the short cryptic
carpus of the gnathopods; also from Eusirogenes in the
equal size of the gnathopods.
Kr~yer
Kr~yer,
1845: 511.
Type species. Eusirus cuspidatus
monotypy.
Kr~yer,
1845, 1846a,
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, often
weakly carinate or toothed. Rostrum small to large,
lateral cephalic lobes ordinary, anteroventral margin of
head not produced. Eyes reniform or absent.
Antennae subequal or 1 longer than 2 (type),
peduncular article 1 as long as head, articles
progressively shorter, or article 2 as long as article 1
(type), often longer, article 3 short, not produced;
article 1 of primary flagellum ordinary, or often more
than twice .as long as article 3 of peduncle; accessory
fl'agellum I-articulate, elongate. Labrum entire,
subrounded, broader than long; epistome unproduced.
Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 shorter, as long as or longer than 2.
Labium: inner lobes small. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 12 apical setae, palp long, article 1 not longer than 2.
Maxilla 2: inner plate broad, broader but not longer
than outer, inner plate broad, often with strong
medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plates not long, outer
plate longer than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 slightly
shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior
margin.
Coxae ordinary to short, coxa 1 not produced
anteriorly but expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with
posterior lobe and excavate or very poorly so.
Gnathopods alike, subchelate, both eusirid. Pereopods
3-7 elongate, simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not
anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth or serrate (type).
Outer rami of uropods 1-2 shortened; rami with lateral
and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended
beyond uropod 1, peduncle without large process,
rami lanceolate. Telson elongate .or short, variable,
cleft, incised or emarginate, apices without long
armaments.
Variables. Dactyl. of maxillipedal palp as long as
article 3 (E:parvus); molar weak (E. parvus); article 1 of
flagellum on antennae 1-2 elongate (E. antarcticus);
uropod 1 often with pedyncular tooth (E. crosnieri).
Relationship. See Eusirogenes, Eusiropsis and
Pareusirogenes.
Species. Eusiropsis ri~sei Stebbing, '1897 (K.H.
Bamard, 1930) (Birstein T & Vinogradov, 1960, 1964)
(Thurston, 1976a) [423NB]; E. spinidorsalis Gamo, 1981b
[323A].
Species. See Andres (1979b)~ K.H. Barnard (1930,
1932); Birstein & Vinogradov (1962b); Chilton (1912d);
Chevreux & Fage (1925); Gurjanova (1951); Nicholls
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean AmlPhlPocla
321
article 1 short.
3 medial and
not broader nor
than
Maxilla 2: inner
or with weak facial row of
outer, inner
setae but with other medial setae
not 1"pl~:lh,}'pl"
inner
shorter than
than 3, 3 unl~Obea~
Coxae
Ib
(Stephensen,
(Thurston, 1974a)
+
crosnieri Ledoyer, 1978a
[698]; E. cuspidatus Kr~yer, 1845, 1846a (Sars, 1895)
(Schellenberg, 1925b, 1927) (Stephensen, 1940a, 1944a)
[220]; E. tragilis Birstein & Vinogradov, 1960 [523A];
E. holmi Hansen, 1887 (Stephensen, 1933b, 1935a) (J.L.
Bamard, 1959) [220 + B]; E. laevis Walker, 1903
(Monod, 1926) [802N]; E. latirostris Ledoyer, 1982b
[618A]; E. leptocarpus Sars, 1895 (Gurjanova, 1951) [283B];
E. longipes Boeck, 1861 (= E. helvetiae Bate, 1862) (=
E. bidens Heller, 1867) (Sars, 1895) (Lincoln, 1979a)
(Ledoyer, 1982a) (Hirayama, 1985b) [352 + BA + 395]; E.
microps Walker, 1906a, 1907 (Ruffo, 1949) (Bellan-Santini,
1972b) (Andres, 1982) [870 + B]; E. minutus Sars, 1895
(Gurjanova, 1951) [426 + B]; E. nevandis J.L. Barnard,
1961a [618B]; E. parvus Pirlot, 1934 (Birstein&
Vinogradov, 1964) [506N + 604B]; E. perdentatus
Chevreux, 1912a,d (= E. splendidus Chilton, 1912d)
(Ruffo, 1949) (Bellan-Santini, 1972b) (Andres, 1982)
[870 + B]; E. propeperdentatus Andres, 1979b, 1982 [871];
E. propinquus Sars, 1895 (Stephensen, 1940a)
(Gurjanova, 1951) [238]; E. tjaljiensis Stephensen, 1912b,
1913, 1944c [212B]; E. tridentatus Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 1974 (= E. antarcticus per Bellan-Santini, 1972a)
[878]; species, Pirlot, 1934 [602B].
Habitat and distribution$ Marine, cosmopolitan, 07625 m (deeper citations unconfirmed), 22 species.
Gondogeneia J.L. Barnard
Gondogeneia J.L. Barnard, 1972a: 191.-Thurston, 1974a: 30.
Type species. Atylus
1880a, original designation.
microdeuteropus ,Haswell,
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum small, Jateral cephalic lobes ordinary;
anteroventral margin of head. not produced. Eyes round
or ovate. Antennae subequal, or 1 shorter than 2,
peduncular articles of antenna 1 progressively shorter,
article 1 shorter than head, article 3 weakly
produc,ed; article 1 of priI11ary flagelluIll short, acc~ssory
flagellum I-articulate or absent, when present scalelike; calceoli seriate, not anthurial or tympanic. Labrum
entire, subrounded, broader than long, epistome
unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of
mandibular palp unlobed, article 3as long as 2.
Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate with
nor
posterior lobe, excavate.
subequal or often larger
medium, carpus of both
without strong
without
numerous long posterior setae, propodus
or in male inflated and often with 1-2 posterior
outside of palmar limits. Pereopods 3-7
simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate.
Sternal gills absent. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of
uropods 1-2 shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal
spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, extended beyond uropod
1, peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate.
Telson ordinary to weakly elongate, cleft, apices
without long armaments.
Variables. Telson cleft only one third (G.
antarctica, G. spinicoxa); article 3 of antenna 1 as long
as article 2 (G. antarctica); article 3 of mandibular
palp shortened (G. antarctica); coxa 4 lobe and sinus
weak (G. red/earni and others); pleon weakly carinate
(G. simplex = G. calliopioides).
Relationship. Differing from Pontogeneia,
Tethygeneia and Nasageneia in the seriate calceoli.
Differing from Tethygeneia ,and Nasageneia in the
unlobate carpus of gnathopod 2; from Na~ageneia in the
unserrate epimeron 3 and usually well distinguished
from genera other than Nasageneia in the large or at
least rounded eyes. Also differing from Pontogeneia,
especially some of the difficult and close species, by
the 'lack of facial setae on maxilla 2.
Differing from Apherusa in the deeper cleft of the
telson and the absence of facial setae on maxilla- 2.
Gondogeneia gracilicauda llas an anterodistal lobe
on article 2 of pereopod 3 (less so on pereopod 4)
but otherwise is not related to Chosroes, a genus with
midanterior lobe on article 2 of pereopods 3-4.
See Antarctogeneia, Bovallia, Manerogeneia and
Paracalliopiella, Paramoera and Whangarusa.
Species. See K.H. Bamard (1932); Ruffo (1949);
Schellenberg (1931, 1935a); Stephensen (1927a, 1947a);
G. antarctica (Chevreux, 1906a,b, 1912d) (Thurston,
1974a,b) [800]; G.bidentata (Stephensen, 1927a) [844];G.
chosroides (Nicholls, 1938) (= G. denticulata Nicholls,
1938) [845]; G. dania (= G. danai auct.) (Thomson, 1879b)
(J.L. Bamard, 1972b) [775]; G. dentata Alonso, 1986
[862]; G. georgiana (Pfeffer, 1888) (Schellenberg, 193'1)
(K.H. Barnard, 1932) (Andres, 1982) [833]; G.
gracilicauda (Schellenberg, 1931) [866]; G. macrodon
322
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
(Schellenberg, 1931) [866]; G. microdeuteropa (Haswell,
1880a) (I.L. Bamard, 1972) [780]; G. patagonica Alonso,
1986 [862]; G. redfearni (Thurston, 1974a,b) [890]; G.
rotorua I.L. Bamard, 1972b [775]; G. simplex (Dana,
1852a, 1853)
G. calliopioides Schellenberg, 1926a)
(Schellenberg, 1931) (K.H. Bamard, 1932) [835]; G.
spinicoxa Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer, 1974 [797]; G.
subantarctica (Stephensen, 1938c) (= G. antarctica of
Stephensen, 1927a) [840]; G. tasmaniae (Thomson, 1893)
[783]; G. tristanensis (K.H. Barnard, 1932, 1965)
(?Stephensen, 1949) [731 + 733]; G. ushuaiae
(Schellenberg, 1931) [866]; species (= G. antarctica of
Chilton, 1909b) [840].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, circumantarctic and austral, 0-183 m, 18 species.
Halirages Boeck
Fig.60F
Halirages Boeck, 1871b: 194.
Type species. Amphithoe fulvocincta M. Sars, 1858,
selected by Boeck, 1876.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, weakly
carinate or toothed. Rostrum small, lateral cephalic
lobes ordinary; anteroventral margin of head weakly
produced. Eyes ovate to reniform. Antennae subequal,
peduncular articles of antenna 1 progressively shorter,
article 1 slightly shorter than head, article 3 produced;
article 1 of primary flagellum ordinary, accessory
flagellum absent; calceoli present (contra Apherusa).
Labrum entire, subrounded, broader than long,
epistome unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar,
article 2 of mandibular palp .unlobed, article 3 as long
as 2. Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate
with 7 medial setae,· palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2:
inner plate not broader nor longer than outer, plates
narrow, inner plate with facial row of 2 setae and with
other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively
long, outer plate slightly longer than inner; palp of 4
articles, 4 slightly shorter than 3, 3 lobed (type), 4 not
spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary to short, coxa 1 scarcely produced
anteriorly or expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with weak
posterior lobe, poorly excavate. Gnathopods alike,
medium, subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of both longer
(rarely equal) than propodus, without posterior lobe,
carpus with numerous long posterior setae, propodus
narrow, rectangular, sometimes gnathopods 1-2 very
slightly longer than outer one. Telson elongate,
emarginate, or almost entire, sometimes notched,
linguiform, without long apical armaments.
Variables. Article 3 of maxillipedal palp unlobed (not
type); article 3 of antenna 1 unproduced (H. elegans,
etc.). Labium with inner lobes (H. elegans); carpus of
gnathopods as short as propodus (H. mixtus); body teeth
absent (H. mixtus).
Relationship. Differing from Apherusa in the
poorly or unextended uropod 3 and often in the
produced article \ 3 on the peduncle of antenna 1 and
presence of calceoli. From Leptamphopus, Oradarea
and Amphithopsis in the unshortened outer ramus of
uropod 3. From Amphithopsis and Cleippides in the
simple dactyls of pereopods 3-7. From Pontogeneia in
the uncleft telson. From Paracalliopiella in the lack of
accessory flagellum. From Haliragoides in the slightly
shorter pereopods 3-7 and unextended uropod 3.
Intergrading to Atylopsis (which see).
See Austroregia, Calliopiella, Calliopius, Cleippides,
Laothoes, Lopyastis, Manerogeneia and Whangarusa.
Removals. Halirages bungei Gurjanova, 1951, to
Paracalliopiella; H. huxleyanus, Bate, 1862, H. batei
Cunningham, 1871, and H. regis Stebbing, 1914b, to
Austroregia.
Species. See Gurjanova (1951); Stephensen (1933b,
1940b, 1944c); H. caecum Kamenskaya, 1979a [206A]; H.
elegans Norman, 1882 (Stappers, 1911) (Stephensen, 1931a,
1938b, 1944c) [220 + B]; H.fulvocincta (M. Sars, 1858) (=
H. tricuspis Stimpson, 1863) (= H. bispinosus Stephensen,
1917) (Sars, 1895) (Stephensen, 1931a, 1938b, 1944a) [200
+ B]; H. gorbunovi Gurjanova, 1946, 1951 [?220A]; [H.
maculatus Stuxberg, 1880 [nomen nudum]]; H. mixta
Stephensen, 1931a, 1944a (Dunbar, 1954) [260]; H. nilssoni
Ohlin, 1895b (Gurjanova, 1951) [220]; H. quadridentata
Sars, 1876, 1885 (Stephensen, 1931a, 1944a) [220B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Arctic, boreal, 03530 m, 7 species.
Haliragoides Sars
Fig.63
Haliragpides Sars, 1895: 432.
Type species.
monotypy.
Halirages
inermis
Sars,
1883,
slender, linear.Pereopods 3.. 7 ordinary. to . weakly
elongate, simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly
lobate. Epimeron 3 serrate. Outer rami of uropods 1-2
slightly to strongly shortened; rami with lateral and
dorsal spines. Uropod 3 large, not or weakly extended
beyond uropod 1, peduncle elongate, without large
process, rami lanceolate, subequal or inner ramus
Diagnosis. Body ordinary to slender, compressed,
smooth. Rostrum small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head produced. Eyes
reniform. Antenna 2 longer than 1, peduncular articles
of antenna 1 progressively shorter, article 1 shorter
than head, article 3 not produced; article 1 of
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
primary flagellum ordinary, accessory flagellum absent.
Labrum emarginate, as long as broad; epistome
unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of
mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 much shorter than 2.
Labium: inner lobes small. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 7
medial setae, palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner
plate not broader nor longer than outer, plates narrow,
inner plate with weakly facial row of many setae and
other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not
relatively long, outer plate not longer than inner; palp
of 4 articles, 4 shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose
along inferior margin.
Coxae short, coxa 1 strongly produced anteriorly,
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with weak posterior lobe,
weakly excavate. Gnathopods alike, medium,
subchelate, weakly eusirid, carpus of both much longer
than propodus, without posterior lobe, without
numerous long posterior setae, propodus expanded,
almond shaped. Pereopods 3-7 elongate, simple, dactyls
simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 with
1 tooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-2 scarcely shortened;
ramj with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 huge,
extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle without large
process, rami lanceolate, almost subequal. Telson
ordinary, entire, notched, without long apical
armaments.
Variables. Inner plate of maxilla 2 without facial
setae (H. abyssi); palp article 3 of mancqble not very short
(H. abyssi); eyes absent (H. abyssi); article 3 of antenna
1 weakly cuspidate (H. abyssi); telson un-notched (H.
abyssi).
Relationship. Differing from Apherusa in the
expanded propodus of the gnathopods and the
elongate pereopods 5-7. From Prostebbingia in the
uncIeft telson, short article 3 of the mandibular palp and
elongate pereopods 5-7. From Manerogeneia in the
simple dactyls of pereopods 3-7, produced corner of
head and elongate carpus of the gnathopods.
See Cleippides, Halirages, Membrilopus and
Paracalliopiella.
Haliragoides australis not well described, bearing
dorsal pleonal teeth, long downcurved rostrum.
Species. Haliragoides abyssi Gurjanova, 1951
[208BA]; ?H. australis Chilton, 1912d [836]; H. inermis
(Sars, 1883, 1895) (Stephensen, 1931a, 1933b, 1938b, 1944a)
[216 + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Arctic and North
Atlantic, 10-2450 m; also possibly South Orkneys, 16-18
m, 3 species.
Harcledo I.L. Bamard
Figs 62E, 63E
Harcledo I.L. Bamard, 1964c: 60.
323
Type species. M eteusiroides plumipes Birstein &
Vinogradov, 1955 (= Meteusiroides curvidactyla Pirlot,
1934), original designation.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum medium, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head not. Eyes ovate or
reniform. Antennae subequal, peduncular articles of
antenna 1 progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than
head, article 3 not produced; article 1 of primary
flagellum twice as long as article 3 of peduncle;
accessory flagellum absent. Labrum [?entire,
subrounded,
broader
than
long;
epistome
?unproduced]. Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of
mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 .shorter than 2.
Labium: inner lobes present, causing broad gape on
outer lobes. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 1 apical seta, palp
long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate broader but
not longer than outer, inner plate without facial row of
setae but with other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner
plate not relatively long, outer plate slightly longer than
inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 slightly shorter than 3, 3
unlobed, 4 not setulose along inferior margin.
Coxae very short and progressively longer toward
coxa 7; coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor expanded
ventrally, coxa 4 [?not twice as long as 1], with weak
posterior lobe, poorly excavate. Gnathopods alike,
medium, almost simple, not eusirid, carpus of both much
shorter than propodus, with weak posterior lobe not
extending distad, with numerous posterior setae,
propodus elongate, slightly expanded, pal1l1s forming
posterior margins. Pereopods· 3-7 elongate, simple,
dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron
3 smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-3 slightly
shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3
ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle
without large process, rami lanceolate. Telson
elongate, cleft, pointed, without long apical
armaments.
Additional character. Article 1 of mandibular palp
with tooth.
Relationship. Differing from Cleonardo in the lack
of accessory flagellum. From Rhachotropis in the poorly
produced coxa 1, smooth body and lack of accessory
flagellum, and lack of thick spines on the gnathopodal
palms. From Eusiroides in the same way as Rhachotropis
plus the elongate pereopods and short coxae. From
Meteusiroides in the elongate pereopods 5-7, shorter
article 3 of mandibular palp, and absence of tooth on
article 1 of the mandibular· palp. From Harpinioides in
the short coxae and broad inner plate of· maxilla 2.
From Cleonar4opsis in the smooth body, lack of
accessory flagellum, long article 1 on theflagellum of
antenna 1, and elongate telson. From Stenopleura
andStenopleuroides in the long deeply cleft telson.
See Eusirella.
Species.· Harcledo curvidactyla (Pirlot, 1929, 1934)
324
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
otherwise so close as to suggest
are not worth
distinguishing.
They differ mainly
the characters of H arVlnIG»la(~lla
in
a cleft telson and slightly
article 3 on
the mandibular
Harpinioides Stebbing, new synonymy
Figs 62S, 630
Harpinioides Stebbing, 1888: 936.
Harpinioidella Schellenberg, 1926a: 356 (Harpinioidella
fissicauda Schellenberg, 1926a, monotypy).
Type species. Harpinioides drepanocheir Stebbing,
1888, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum very small, lateral . cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes round
or absent. Antenna 1 longer than 2, peduncular articles
progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than head, article
3 not produced; article 1 of primary flagellum ordinary,
accessory flagellum I-articulate, elongate. Labrum entire,
truncate, broader than long; epistome unproduced. Molar
simple, humped or conical, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 as long as· or. longer than 2. Labium:
inner lobes '. present, forcing broad gape between outer
lobes. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 1-2 apical setae, palp
long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate much
narrower and shorter than outer, inner plate without
facial row of setae·· and with few other medial setae.
Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long, outer
plate much longer than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4. as
long as 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior
margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 produced anteriorly or
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate. Gnathopods alike, medium, almost simple, not
eusirid, carpus of both much shorter than propodus, with
weak pqsterior lobe extending distad, carpus with few
long posterior setae, propodus long, thin, bent apically,
dactyl foldingi~t~;iPosterior margin. Pereopods 3-7
ordinary, simple~' dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly
lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-2
shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3
ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle
without large process, rami lanceolate, nearly subequal.
Telson slightly elongate, cleft or' incised, apices without
long armaments.
Variables. Telson incised (type) or cleft; article 3 of
mandibular palp equal to (type) or longer than article 2.
Remarks. Though we have been citing uncleft
and cleft telsons as good generic distinctions the type
species of these two synonymous genera are
from other pelagic genera
in the bent propodus of the gnathopods, the reversal
in width of plates on maxilla 2, with the inner being
narrow and the outer' wide.
Differing also from Membrilopus, Harcledo and
Austroregia in the simple molar as well as gnathopods
and maxilla 2. From Atylopsis in the gnathopods and
maxilla 2 plus the 'lack of accessory flagellum and
unproduced article 3 of antenna 1.
See Stenopleuroides.
Species. Harpinioides drepanocheir Stebbing, 1888
(Pirlot, 1934) (Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer, 1974) [851 +
602B]; H. fissicauda (Schellenberg, 1926a) (J.L. Bamard,
1962d) [881 + 702B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica to
equator, bathypelagic, 2 species.
Laothoes Boeck
Figs 60H, 63M
Laothoes Boeck, 1871b: 202.
Thoelaos Della Valle, 1893: 592 [lapsus for Laothoes]
(same type species).
Type species. Laothoes meinerti Boeck,
monotypy.
1871 b,
Diagnosis. Body ordinary to slender, compressed,
smooth. Rostrum very small, lateral cephalic lobes
ordinary, anteroventral margin of head not produced.
Eyes reniform. Antenna 2 longer than 1, peduncular
articles of antenna 1 progressively shorter, article 1
shorter than head, article 2 very short (ratio of 1,2,3 =
23:9:6), article 3 not produced; article 1 of primary
flagellum short, accessory flagellum absent. Labrum
entire, emarginate, subrounded, as long as broad;
epistome unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar, article
2 of mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 shorter than 2.
Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate with
5 medial setae, palp short, article 1 longer than 2. Maxilla
2: inner plate not broader nor longer than outer, plates
narrow, inner plate without facial row of setae, with
other medial seta.e. MaxiUiped: illIler plate nQt relatively
long, outer plate longer than inner, enlarged, immense;
palp of 4 articles, narrow, 4 slightly' shorter than 3, 3
unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor
expanded ventrally, coxa.4 with small posterior lobe,
poorly excavate. Gnathopods diverse, medium, 2
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Arn,ohioocla
not
longer than 1,
longer
than
posterior
carpus with numerous long
setae, gnathopods
especially gnathopod 2, very
slender or linear
or
Pereopods 3-7 . . . . . .
simple,
simple, article 2 not
Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of uropods
slightly
to greatly shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal
spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, scarcely extended beyond
uropod 1, peduncle without large process, rami
lanceolate, subequal. Telson ordinary, emarginate,
almost entire, linguiform, without long apical
armaments.
r .... "....'''' .....TT
Variables. Telson crenellated distally (L, pacificus);
palp of maxilla 1 ordinary (L. polylovi); carpus of
gnathopods shorter than propodus, gnathopods not
elongate (L. pacificus).
Relationship. Laothoes is characterised by the
enlarged outer plate of the maxilliped, and except for
L. polylovi, by the short palp of maxilla 1; in addition
it differs from Halirages in the unproduced article 3
of antenna 1, lack of facial setae on maxilla 2 and the
smooth epimeron 3.
Differing from Cleippides in the enlarged outer plate
of the maxilliped, very short article 2 on antenna 1,
simple dactyls of pereopods 3-7 and the more strongly
subchelate gnathopods. From Paracalliopiella and
Apherusa in the enlarged outer plate of the maxilliped;
also from Paracalliopiella in the lack of accessory
flagellum. From Amphithopsis in the maxilliped, equal
rami of uropod 3, short article 2 of antenna 1 and lack
of accessory flagellum.
See Awacaris, Oradarea and Whangarusa.
Species. Laothoes macrocheir Oldevig, 1959 (? =
L. pacificus, see below) [278]; L. meinerti Boeck, 1871b,
1876 (Sars, 1895) (Stephensen, 1931a, 1938b) (Gurjanova,
1951) [240 + B]; L. pacificus Gurjanova, 1938b, 1951
(see L. macrocheir above) [391]; L. polylovi Gurjanova,
1946,1951 [207B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Arctic, high
boreal, 25-1384 rn, 4 species.
Leptamphopus Sars
Figs 59H, 63P
Leptamphopus Sars, 1895: 458.
Type species. Leptamphopus sarsi Vanhoffen, 1897,
new name for Sars' (1895) misidentification of
Amphithopsis longimana Boeck.
325
ovate to reniform.
1
articles progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than
3 not produced; article 1 of primary
Arr'hn'r)T'l;T
flagellum absent. Labrum
than
unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of
mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 shorter than 2.
Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate with
11 medial setae, palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2:
inner plate not broader nor longer than outer, plates
narrow, inner plate with facial row of many setae.
Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long, outer plate
as long as inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 shorter than 3, 3
unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly
nor expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate, or very poorly so (L, massiliensis).
Gnathopods diverse, medium, 2 longer than 1,
subchelate, not eusirid, with numerous short posterior
setae, gnathopods very slender, linear, .carpus and
propodus elongate, unlobed on gnathopod 2, weakly
lobed on gnathopod 1 (type). Pereopods 3-7 slightly
elongate, simple, or weakly prehensile, dactyls
simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3
smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-2 slightly to strongly
shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3
ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle
without large process, rami lanceolate, outer about
half as long as inner. Telson ordinary, incised or
emarginate, almost entire, linguiform, without long
apical amiaments.
Variables. Palp article 3 of maxilliped lobed (L.
massiliensis); carpus of gnathopod 1 unlobed (L.
massiliensis); pereopods 3-7 weakly prehensile (L.
paripes); antennae reaching equally (L. paripes).
Relationship. Differing from Schraderia in the
absence of an accessory flagellum and the short
outer ramus of uropod 3.
See Amphithopsis, Apherusa, Bouvierella,
Cleippides,· Djerboa, Halirages and Oradarea.
Species. Leptamphopus massiliensis Ledoyer, 1977
(Krapp-Schickel, 1982b) [348M + B]; L. paripes
Stephensen, 1931a (Gurjanova, 1951) [211B]; L. sarsi
Vanhoffen, 1897, 1907 (= L. longimanus Boeck of Sars,
1895) (Stephensen, 1931a, 1938b) [240B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, north-eastern
boreal Atlantic and Mediterranean, 63-1505 rn, 3
species.
Liouvillea Chevreux
Figs·59D, 61D, 62N
Diagnosis. Body slender, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum small, lateral cephalic lobes·· ordinary;
Liouvillea Chevreux, 1911c: 1168.-Chevreux, 1912a: 7.-
326
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Chevreux, 1912d: 139.
Type species. Liouvillea oculata Chevreux, 1912a,
designated by Chevreux, 1912a.
Diagnosis. Body slender, compressed, weakly
carinate or toothed. Rostrum large; lateral cephalic
lobes ordinary; anteroventral margin of head not
produced. Eyes round. Antenna 2 longer than 1,
peduncular articles of antenna 1 progressively shorter,
article 1 shorter than head, article 2 short, article 3 not
produced; article 1 of primary flagellum short, accessory
flagellum I-articulate, scale-like. Labrum entire
subrounded, broader than long; epistome acutel;
produced. Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of
mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 shorter than 2.
Labium: inner lobes present, small. Maxilla 1: inner
plate with many medial setae, palp long, article 1 short.
Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader nor longer than
outer, with facial row of many setae and other medial
setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long,
outer platel10t longer than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4
shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior
margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not strongly produced
anteriorly or expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior
lobe, excavate. Gnathopods diverse, small, 2 longer
than 1, subchelate, not eusirid, small carpus of first
shorter than, of second as long as propodus, without
posterior lobe, carpus with numerous long posterior
setae, propodus rectangular or weakly trapezoidal;
gnathopod 2 slender, gnathopod 1 ordinary. Pereopods
3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not
anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 with single tooth. Outer
rami of uropods 1-2 shortened; rami with lateral and
dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended
beyond uropod 1, peduncle with large process, rami
lanceolate, slightly unequal (inner ramus longer than
outer). Telson ordinary, cleft, distally, apices without
long armaments.
Relation~hip. See Atyloella, Calliopi(!lla, Lopyastis,
Meteusiroides and Pseudomoera.
Species. Liouvillea oculata Chevreux, ·1911c, 1912a,d
(Thurston, 1974a,b) [875].
Rostrum very small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary;
anteroventral margin of head weakly produced. Eyes
trapezoidal or reniform. Antenna 1 longer than 2,
peduncular articles progressively shorter, article 1
shorter than head, article 3 not produced; article 1 of
primary flagellum [?ordinary] , accessory flagellum 1articulate, scale-like. Labrum entire, subrounded,
broader than long, epistome unproduced. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 scarcely shorter than 2. Labium:
inner lobes small. Maxilla 1: inner plate with many
medial setae, palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner
plate not broader nor longer than outer, plates narrow,
inner plate with facial· row of many setae and several
other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not
relatively long, outer plate as long as inner; palp of 4
articles, 4 shorter than 3, 3 lobed, 4 not spinose along
inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly or
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate. Gnathopods alike, medium, 2 scarcely larger
than 1, subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of both scarcely
shorter than propodus, without posterior lobe, carpus
with numerous posterior setae, propodus rectangular.
Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article 2
not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of
uropods 1-3 not shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal
spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended beyond
uropod 1, peduncle without large process, rami
lanceolate, slightly unequal. Telson elongate, incised or
emarginate, without long apical armaments.
Relationship. Differing from Accedomoera,
Apherusa, Atylopsis and Tylosapis in the presence of
facial setae on maxilla 2. From Liouvillea in the absence
of an epistomal cusp. From Haliragoides in the
nondominant coxa 1. From Halirages and Pontogeneia in
the presence of an accessory flagellum. From Cleippides
in the short carpus of the gnathopods. From Regalia in
the normally extended coxae and small rostrum. From
Tylosapis and Atylopsis in the longer carpus of the
gnathopods.
See Paracalliopiella, Membrilopus and a note ,;with
Paramoera on P. incognita.
Species. Lopyastis multisetosa (Schellenberg, 1926)
[881 + B]; L. signiensis (Thurston, 1972, 1974a) [836].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Palmer Region
of Antarctica and outliers, 0-200 m, 1 species.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, 5-350
m, 2 species.
Lopyastis Thurston
Manerogeneia Bamard & Karaman
Lopyastis Thurston, 1974a: 32.
Manerogeneia Bamard & Karaman, 1987: 860.
Type species. Atylopsis signiensis Thurston, 1972,
original designation.
Type species. Pontogeneiella maneroo J.L. Barnard,
1972b, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Rostrum, large, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
round. Antenna 1 longer than 2, peduncular articles
progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than head, article
3 weakly produced; article 1 of primary flagellum as
long as article 3 of peduncle; accessory flagellum
absent. Labrum entire, subrounded, broader than long;
epistome unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar,
article 2 of mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 as long as
2. Labium: inner lobes present. Maxilla 1: inner plate
with many medial setae, palp long, article 1 short.
Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader nor longer than
outer, inner plate with facial 'row of many setae and
other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively
long, outer plate not longer than inner; palp of 4
articles, 4 slightly shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 weakly
setulate along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly
nor expanded ventrally, coxa 4 not quite twice as long
as 1, with posterior lobe, excavate. Gnathopods alike,
medium, but 1 scarcely larger than 2, subchelate, not
eusirid, carpus of both shorter than ,propodus, with
weak or no posterior lobe not extending distad, carpus
without numerous long posterior setae, propodus
rectangular. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls
strongly toothed or bifid on inferior margins, article 2 not
anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of
uropods 1-3 shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal
spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended beyond
uropod 1, peduncle without large process, rami
lanceolate, unequal. Telson slightly elongate, entire,
linguiform, without long apical armaments.
Relationship. Noted among its relatives for the
bifid dactyls of pereopods 5-7. Closest to Tylosapis but
back smooth, telson not emarginate, medial margin of
inner plate on maxilla 1 strongly setose, and
gnathopod 1 slightly enlarged; also like Atylopsis but
outer ramus of uropod 3 shortened.
Differing from Prostebbingia and Gondogeneia in
the uncleft telson. From Bovallia in the short article 1
of antenna 1. From Halirages in the unserrate
epimeron 3, short outer ramus of uropod 3 and
nonemarginate telson.
See Apherusa, Haliragoides and Membrilopus.
Species. Manerogeneia maneroo (I.L. Barnard,
1972~)
Q.
[780].
Habitat and distribution. Marine,
intertidal, 1 species.
A~(AA~G:\.
Ni'E
b8alaAd;
Membrilopus Barnard & Karaman
Membrilopus Bamard & Karaman, 1987: 861.
Type species. Metaleptamphopus membrisetata J.L.
Bamard, 1961 a, original designation.
327
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum medium, large, lateral cephalic lobes
ordinary, anteroventral margin of head scarcely
produced. Eyes reniform. Antenna 1 longer than 2,
peduncular articles progressively shorter, article 1
shorter than head, article 3 not produced; article 1 of
primary flagellum short, accessory flagellum
I-articulate, barrel-shaped. Labrum entire, subrounded,
broader than long, epistome unproduced. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 as long as 2. Labium: inner lobes
absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate with ,many medial setae,
palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not
broader nor longer than outer, plates narrow, inner
without facial row of setae but with 2 other medial setae.
Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long, outer
plate slightly longer than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4
slightly shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 spinose along
inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 almost twice as long as 1,
with posterior lobe,excavate. Gnathopods _ alike,
medium, subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of both nearly
as long as propodus, with weak' posterior lobe not
extending distad, with numerous long posterior setae,
propodus weakly inflated, trapezoidal. Pereopods 3-7
scarcely elongate, simple, dactyls strongly pectinate on
inferior margins, article 2 not anteriorly lobate.
Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-3 not or
slightly shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines.
Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1,
peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate, outer
shortened. Telson ordinary, entire, linguiform, without
long apical armaments.
Relationship. Like Metaleptamphopus but lobes of
maxilla 2 narrow, inferior side of pereopodal dactyls
3-7 ornamented (not superior side), accessory
flagellum present, enlarged gnathopods with" short
lobed carpus, articles 2~3 of the maxillipedal palp
normally shorter and uropod 3 ,neither extended well
beyond uropod 1 nor bearing elongate peduncle.
Differing from Prostebbingia in the uncleft
telson. From Haliragoides in the short carpus of the
gnathopods and the absence of truly facial setae on
maxilla 2. From Manerogeneiain the absence of inner
lobes on the lower lip, absence of facial setae on
maxilla 2, and the pectinate dactyls of the pereopods
(bifid only in Manerogeneia).
Very close to Atylopsis but lacking a process on
article 3 of antenna 1, lacking inner lobes on the lower
lip and bearing pectinate dactyls on the pereopods.
Also very close to Paracalliopiella but differing in the
pectinate dactyls and lack of inner lobes on the 'lower
lip. Close .to Tylosapis but inner plate of maxilla 1
strongly setose medially.
Differing from Lopyastis in ,the short outer ramus
of uropod 3 and 'the 'pectinate dactyls of the
pereopods.
See Harpinioides.
328
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Su[)ole:me:nt 13 (Part 1)
extended
uncleft
with elolngate DledulncJ.e.
See
Habitat and distribution..
537 m, 1 i)vv\.d.vi).
3
south-western
membrisetata J.L.
Chevreux
Me'talc?/Jttlml>hO,pus Chevreux, 1911c: 1168.-Chevreux, 1912a:
7.
Type
species.
Metaleptamphopus
pectinatus
Chevreux, 1912a, original designation of 1912a.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum large, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
round. Antenna 1 longer than 2, peduncle very short,
peduncular articles progressively .shorter, article 1
shorter than head, article 3 not produced; article 1 of
primary flagellum short; accessory flagellum absent.
Labrum entire, subrounded, broader than long;
epistome· unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar,
article 2 of mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 longer
than 2. Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate
with many medial setae, palp long, article 1 short.
Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader nor longer than
outer, plates broad, inner plate without facial row of
setae and few other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner
plate not relatively long, outer plate slightly shorter
than inner; palp very thin, of 4 .articles, 4 much
shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior
margin.
Coxae short and progressively longer toward coxa
4; coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor expanded
ventrally, coxa 4 twice as long as 1, with weak
posterior lobe, poorly excavate. Gnathopods alike,
feeble, 1 slightly stouter than 2, scarcely subchelate,
not eusirid, carpus of both as long as propodus, without
posterior lobe, with numerous short posterior setae,
propodus slender, subrectangular. Pereopods 3-7
ordinary, simple, dactyls .strongly pectinate on superior
margins, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3
smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-3 slightly to scarcely
shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod
3 huge, extended well beyond uropod 1, peduncle
elongate, without large process, rami lanceolate, poorly
unequal. Telson ordinary, short, entire, linguiform,
without long apical armaments.
Relationship. Differing from Rhachotropis in the
pectinate dactyls of pereopods 3-7 and the huge,
extended uropod 3. From Stenopleura and
Stenopleuroides in the feeble gnathopods with
unlobed carpus and the longer middle coxae.. From
Cleonardopsis in the equal sized lobes of maxilla 2,
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, 1-6 m,
1 species.
Meteusiroides Pirlot
Fig.60C
Meteusiroides Pirlot, 1934: 218.
Type species. Meteusiroides keyensis Pirlot, 1934,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, partially
toothed. Rostrum small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head scarcely produced. Eyes
reniform. Antennae subequal, peduncular articles of
antenna 1 progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than
head, article 3 not produced; article 1 of primary
flagellum twice as long as article 3 of peduncle;
accessory flagellum absent. Labrum incised, [?broader
than long], epistome produced. Molar triturative,
columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp unlobed, article 3
longer than 2. Labium: inner lobes large, forcing gape
between outer lobes (possibly unnaturally postured,
see J.L. Bamard, 1969c: 227). Maxilla 1: inner lobe
with 2 apical setae, palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2:
inner· plate scarcely (or remarkably?) broader but not
longer. than outer, inner plate without facial row of
setae but with other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate
not relatively long, outer plate ordinary, slightly longer
than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 as long as 3, 3 unlobed,
4 not spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae relatively short, coxa 1 scarcely produced
anteriorly or expanded ventrally, coxa 4 twice as long
as 1, with posterior lobe, excavate. Gnathopods alike,
medium, scarcely subchelate,not eusirid, carpus of both
much shorter than propodus, with weak posterior lobe
slightly extending distad, with numerous short posterior
setae, propodus slightly expanded, palms occupying
most of posterior margin, with large spines, some
outside palm. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls
simple, ·article . . 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3
smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-3 slightly shortened;
rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary,
not extended beyond· uropod 1, peduncle without
large process, rami lanceolate, slightly .unequal.
Telson elongate, cleft, triangular, apices without long
armaments.
& Karaman: Marine Gammaridean AmlphlPOCla
from
coxae and
;:)tenOl'Ylel',{ra also in
long article 4
antenna 2 and the long
3 of the mandibular
From Harcledo in the long coxae, short pereopods
of
gnathopods. From
the smooth
long coxae, elongate
smaller carpus on the gnathopods and the lack of
accessory flagellum. From Cleonardo in the short
pereopods 5-7, large gnathopodal spines, lack of
accessory flagellum and better developed coxa 1. From
Atyloella in the lack of accessory flagellum and 1ack of
facial setae on the inner plate of maxilla 1. From Liouvillea
also in the poorly setose maxilla 2, stouter gnathopods
and elongate telson.
u ..........,A.
..."'............'......,
329
rami with lateral
not
process,
weakly
Like
but epimeron 3
serrate and propodus of male gnathopods with
posterior spines well outside palmar limits as in
Gondogeneia. Calceoli tending to be much more
strongly anthurial than in Tethygeneia, with one lobe
quite linguiform.
Differing from Abdia in the serrate epimeron 3 and
presence of many spines on the propodus of the
gnathopods outside of the palmar area.
See Antarctogeneia and·· Pseudomoera.
Species. Meteusiroides keyensis Pirlot, 1934 [602B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Indonesia, 304 m,
probably meso- or epipelagic, 1 species.
Nasageneia Barnard & Karaman
Nasageneia Bamard & Karaman, 1987: 862.
Type species. Pontogeneia nasa J.L. Bamard, 1969b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body slender, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum large, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of .head scarcely produced. Eyes
reniform. Antennae subequal, peduncular articles of
antenna 1 progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than
head, article 3 weakly produced; article 1 of primary
flagellum ordinary to short, accessory flagellum absent.
Labrum entire, subrounded, broader than long;
epistome unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar, article
2 of mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 shorter than 2.
Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate with
1 medial and 2 apical setae, palp long, article 1 short.
Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader but slightly longer
than outer, inner plate without facial row of setae but
with other medial setae, few, large, at least one slightly
submarginal. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively
long, outer plate slightly shorter than inner; palp of 4
articles, 4 slightly shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not
spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary to short, coxa 1 not produced
anteriorly nor expanded ventrally, coxa 4 without
posterior lobe, excavate. Gnathopods diverse, medium,
of similar size, subchelate, not eusirid, medium, carpus
of both shorter than propodus, only gnathopod2· with
strong posterior lobe extending distad, carpus without
numerous long posteriqr setae, propodus rectangular
in female, inflated in male, in latter with posterior spines
outside limits of oblique palm. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary,
simple, dactyls simple; article 2 not anteriorly lobate.
Epimeron 3 serrate. Outer rami of uropods 1-2
Species. Nasageneia nasa (J.L. Barnard, 1969b, 1979b)
[377]; N. quinsana (J.L. Barnard, 1964c, 1969a, 1979b)
[370].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, warm temperate
California and Mexico, 0-1 m, 2 species.
Oligochinus J.L. Barnard
Oligochinus J.L. Bamard, 1969a: 98.
Type species. Oligochinus lighti J.L. Bamard, 1969a,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum very small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes ovate.
Antennae subequal, peduncular articles of antenna 1
progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than head, article
3 not produced; article 1 of primary flagellum ordinary,
accessory flagellum I-articulate, scale-like. Labrum
entire, subrounded, broader than long; epistome
unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of
mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 shorter than 2.
Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate with
4 medial setae, palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner
plate not broader nor longer than outer, plates
narrow, inner plate with facial row of 1 seta and
several other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not
relatively long, outer plate slightly· shorter than inner;
palp of 4 articles, 4 slightly shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4
not spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with weak posterior lobe,
weakly .excavate. Gnathopods .alike, small, Sl.lbchelafe,
not eusirid, carpus of both much shorter than propodus,
with weak posterior lobe not extending distad, carpus
with numerous short posterior setae, propodus
rectangular, thin. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls
simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3
serrate. Outer ramus of only uropod 2 shortened;
330
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3
ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle
without large process, rami lanceolate nearly subequal.
Telson ordinary, incised, not cleft, deeply emarginate,
without long apical armaments.
Relationship. Differing from Apherusa in the
presence of an accessory flagellum, the absence of
inner lobes on the lower lip, the poorly extended
uropod 3, the unshortened outer ramus of uropod 1 and
the presence of only 1 facial seta on the inner plate of
maxilla 2.
Species. Oligochinus lighti I.L. Bamard, 1969a [372].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, northern
California, intertidal, 1 species.
Oradarea Walker
Fig.59G
Oradarea Walker, 1903: 56.-Thurston, 1974b: 34.
Type species. Oradarea walkeri Shoemaker, 1930a,
new name for Walker's Oradarea longimana, homonym to
Boeck's species.
Diagnosis. Body slender, compressed, carinate or
toothed. Rostrum large, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head produced or weakly so.
Eyes reniform. Antenna 2 longer than·· 1, peduncular
articles of antenna 1 progressively shorter, article 1
shorter than head, article 2 often as long as 1, article 3
not produced; article 1 of .primary flagellum ordinary,
about as long as article 3 of peduncle; accessory
flagellum I-articulate, barrel-like. Labrum [?entire,
broader than long]; epistome unproduced. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 shorter than 2. Labium: inner lobes
obsolescent [lobes .showing not i~er ones]. Maxilla 1:
inner plate with many medial setae, palp long, article 1
shorter than 2. Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader. nor
longer than outer, inner plate with facial row of many
setae and other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not
relatively long, outer plate slightly shorter than inner;
palp of 4 articles, 4 shorter than 3, 3 lobed, 4 not spinose
along· inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa ·1 not produced anteriorly
nor expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate. Gnathopods diverse, medium, 2 longer than 1,
subchelate, not eusirid, medium, carpus· of both shorter
than (type) or as long as propodus, without posterior
lobe, carpus with numerous small posterior setae,
gnathopod 1 short, gnathopod 2 very slender or linear,
carpus and propodus elongate. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary,
simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate.
Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-3
shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod
3 ordinary, scarcely extended beyond uropod 1,
peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate,
strongly unequal. Telson ordinary, incised, emarginate,
almost entire, linguiform, without long apical
armaments.
Variables. Labrum entire in species other than type
[= unknown in type].
Note on O. scissicaudata: not Oradarea because of
cleft telson and long article 1 of palp on maxilla 1, but
not firmly identified to genus; close to Bouvierella on
basis of maxilla 2, mandible and maxilla,1 but epimeron
3 not serrate, palp of maxilla 1 incorrect and inner
lobes of lower lip present.
. Relationship. Differing from Leptamphopus in the
presence of an accessory flagellum, dominant antenna 2
and short broad article 3 of the mandibular palp. From
Amphithopsis in the short article 3 of the mandibular
palp, facial setae on maxilla 2, and sharply produced
head. From Djerboa in the uncleft telson and simple
pereopodal dactyls.
See Apherusa, Atylopsis, Awacaris, Bouvierella,
Cleippides, Halirages and Schraderia.
Species. See Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer (1974);
Thurston, 1974a,b); O. acuminata Thurston, 1974b [870 +
B]; O. bidentata K.H. Bamard, 1932 (Stephensen, 1938c)
[870]; O. edentata K.H. Barnard, 1932 [870]; O.
impressicauda K.H. Bamard, 1932 [871B]; O. longimana
(Boeck, 1871b) (Vanhoffen, 1907) (Shoemaker, 1930a)
(Stephensen, 1931a) [216 + B]; O. megalops (Nicholls,
1938) [878]; O. novaezealandiae (Thomson, 1879b) (= O.
debilis Thomson, 1880) (I.L. Bamard, 1972b) [850]; O.
ocellata Thurston, 1974a,b [870]; O. rossrThurston, 1974b·
(Andres, 1982) [870]; [?O. scissicaudata. Ledoyer, 1986
(see note above) [618A, 3716 m]]; O. shoemakeri Pirlot,
1934 [635B]; O. tricarinata K.H. Bamard, 1932 (Andres,
1982) [870 + B]; O. tridentata K.H. Bamard, 1932
(Stephensen, 1938c) [875]; O. unidentata Thurston, 1974a,b
[875]; O. walkeri Shoemaker, 1930a (= O. longimana\
Walker, 1903, homonym) (Bellan-Santini 1972, 1972a)
(Thurston, 1974a,b) [870 + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cold water, mostly
Antarctica, sparsely to deep sea tropics and to boreal
north Atlantic, 0-1264m, 14 species.
Paracalliopiella Tzvetkova & Kudrjaschov
Paracalliopiella. Tzvetkova & Kudrjaschov, 1975: 14.Karaman & Barnard, 1979: 114.
Callaska I.L. rBamard, 1978: 38 (Calliopiella pratti I.L.
Barnard, 1954a, original designation).
Type species. Leptamphopus litoralis Gurjanova,
1938b, o~ginal designation.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth or
carinate. Rostrum small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
reniform. Antenna 1 shorter than 2, peduncular articles
progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than head,
article 3 weakly produced; article 1 of primary flagellum
ordinary, accessory flagellum I-articulate, scale-like, main
flagellar articles diverse. Labrum entire, subrounded,
broader than long; epistome unproduced. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 as long as 2. Labium: inner lobes
small. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 4-5 medial setae, palp
long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader
nor longer than outer, plates narrow, inner plate
without facial row of setae but with many other medial
setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long,
outer plate slightly shorter than inner; palp of 4 articles,
4 as long as 3, 3 unlobed, 4 setulose along inferior
margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate. Gnathopods alike, medium, but sexually
diverse, male stouter than female, subchelate, not
eusirid, carpus of both in male much shorter, in female
scarcely shorter than propodus, in male with weak;
posterior lobe not extending distad, in female unlobed,
carpus with numerous long posterior setae, propodus
rectangular and thin in female, broader in male.
Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article 2
not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of
uropods 1-2 (often 3 also) shortened; rami with lateral
and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended
beyond uropod 1, peduncle without large process,
rami lanceolate, nearly subequal. Telson ordinary,
entire, pointed or linguiform, without long apical
armaments.
Variables. Gnathopods sexually diverse, carpus of
gnathopods long (female type), shorter (male type),
short (female P. pratti, P. pacifica), very short (male P.
pratti), very lobate (P. pacifica); body carinate (P.
bungei).
Relationship. Differing from Paramoera,
Accedomoera, Tylosapis and Lopyastis in the lack of
facial setae on maxilla 2. From Accedomoera,
Paramoera, Tethygeneia and Gondogeneia in the
uncleft telson. From Tylosapis and Lopyastis in the
aequiramous uropod 3. From Haliragoides and Calliopius
in the presence of an. accessory flagellum. From
Atylopsis in the alternation of flagellar articles on
antenna 1 in size and/or armaments and in the nonemarginate, fully entire telson.
See Apfterusq, Atylopsj$, A iJ,$trQregia, . Halirages,
Laothoes, Lopyastis, Membrilopus and note in Paramoera
onP. incognita.
Species. See Tzvetkova & Kudrjaschov (1975); P.
bungei (Gurjanova, 1951, as Halirages) (Shoemaker, 1964)
[290]; P. litoralis (Gurjanova, 1938b, 1951) (Tzvetkova,
331
1968) [280]; P. pacifica Tzvetkova & Kudrjaschov, 1975
(= variety of P. pratti by Coyle & Mueller, 1981) [281
(locality = "Beringa"; there are 2 "Beringas" in Siberia;
we assume the one in the Commander Islands is the
correct one)]; P. pratti (J.L. Bamard, 1954a, 1969a)
(Coyle & Mueller, 1981) [270].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, amphiboreal
North Pacific, 0 m, 4 species.
Paraleptamphopus Stebbing, 1899
[see Bamard & Bamard (1983)]
Paramoera Miers
Paramoera Miers, 1875: 75.-Thurston, 1974b: 72.
Stebbingia Pfeffer, 1888: 110 (Stebbingia gregaria Pfeffer,
1888, monotypy).
Aucklandia Walker, 1908: 35 (Aucklandia enderbyiWalker,
1908, monotypy).
Amphoediceros Feam-Wannan, 1968a: 44 (Amphoediceros
willisi Feam-Wannan, 1968a, original designation).
Type species. Paramoera australis Miers, 1875,
present selection.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth, or
carinate. Rostrum small to large, lateral cephalic lobes
ordinary, anteroventral margin of head not significantly
produced. Eyes reniform. Antennae subequal, or
variably extending, peduncular articles of antenna 1
progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than head, article
2 often almost as long as article 1; article 3 not
produced, not elongate; article 1 of primary flagellum
ordinary to short, accessory flagellum I-articulate, scalelike. Labrum entire, subrounded, broader than long;
epistome unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar, article
2 of mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 about as long as
2. Labium: inner lobes small to absent. Maxilla 1: inner
plate with 4 to many medial (facial) setae, palp long,
article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader nor
longer than outer, inner plate with facial row of
various number of setae and many other medial setae.
Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long, outer plate
slightly longer than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 slightly
shorter than 3, 3 usually unlobed, 4 not. spinose along
inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 hot produced anteriorly nor
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate or poorly so. Gnathopods alike but sexually
diverse, medium,· 2 larger than 1, subchelate,··· not
eusirid, carpus of both usually shorter than propodus,
with weak or no posterior lobe not extending distad,
carpus with numerous short posterior setae, propodus
rectangular or in male weakly expanded or ovate.
Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article 2
not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth or minutely
332
Records of the Australian Museum
:Supplennent 13 (Part 1)
of ll-rn'....,,"'.-iC<
and
not
beyond uropod 1, peduncle
large process, rami lanceolate, almost subequal.
to elongate,
lobes often
with long armaments.
Variables.. Outer ramus of uropod 1 not shortened
chevreuxi, etc.), of uropod 2 not shortened (P.
assimilis, etc.); pleonites 1-2 each with dorsal tooth (P.
bidentata) or 1-3 (P. tridentata) or pereon and pleon
generally carinate (P. walkeri); epimeron 3 grossly serrate
(P. tridentata); article 3 of mandibular palp short (P.
hurleyi); carpus of gnathopods 1-2 diverse, that of
gnathopod 2 longer and less lobate (P. mokyevskii), as
long as or longer than propodus (P. rua, etc.); apex of
telson scarcely notched, not cleft (0. incognita, see
note below).
Note on P. incognita. Probably the type of a new
genus; the telson is almost uncleft but retains the long
setae of Paramoera while the rami of uropods 1-2
have lost all but one apical spine; close to
Paracalliopiella but with facial setae on maxilla 2; keys
out nearCalliopiella but otherwise distinctive.
Relationship. Characterised among its many sibling
genera by the dominant apical armament on the distinctly
cleft telson; this armament is either thick, numerous or
elongate i~ comparison to the weak or undeveloped
armament it! such taxa asPontogeneia, Gondogeneia,
Prostebbingia and Accedomoera. Differing also from
Pontogeneia in the slightly to greatly better setosity on
the inner plates of maxillae 1-2. Differing also from
Accedomoera and Pontogeneia in the unproduced
article 3 of antenna 1.
See Antarctogeneia, Paracalliopiella, Paramoerella,
Relictomoera and Sternomoera.
Removals. Paraleptamphopus hayamenensis
Stephensen, 1944b, and P. yezoensis Veno, 1933a, to
Sternomoera.
Species. See K.H. Bamard (1930, 1932); Macnae
(1953); Nicholls (1938); Schellenberg (1926, 1931);
Stephensen (1938c, 1947a); P. assimilis (Stebbing, 1888)
[743T]; P. aucklandica (Walker, 1908) (J.L. Bamard,
1972b) [843F]; P. australis P. Miers, 1875b, 1879 (Stebbing,
1888) [851]; P. austrina (Bate, 1862) (?Chilton, 1923,
?1925c) [781]; P. bidentata K.H. Bamard, 1932 (Griffiths,
1974a,c, 1975) [743]; P. brachyura Schellenberg, 1931
[867]; P. brevirostrata (Bulycheva, 1952) [391]; P. capensis
(Dana, 1853)(= P. assimilis Stebbing, 1888) (= P. schizurus
Stebbing, 1918) (K.H. Bamard, 1932) (Griffiths, 1974a,c,
1975) [743]; ·P. carl()ttensts BOllsfield, 1958 (Bollsfield
& Hubbard, 1968) [270E]; P. chevreuxi (Stephensen,
1927a) (J.L. Bamard, 1972b) [850]; P. columbiana
Bousfield, 1958 (Bousfield & Hubbard, 1968) [270E]; P.
edouardi Schellenberg, 1929c, 1931 (= onlyP.
magellanica Stebbing of Chevreux, 1906a, 1912d,
Chilton, 1909b, 1912) (Thurston, 1974a,b) [870 + B]; P.
1913
as P.
(= P.
(Stephensen,
1927a, 1938c)
1852a, 1853)
(Schellenberg, 1931
1935a) [765]; P. gregaria
(Pfeffer, 1888) (Stephensen,
[866]; P.
Nicholls, 1938 [845];
hermitensis K.H.Bamard, 1932
[864]; P.
Thurston, 1974b [836]; P. husvikensis
Thurston, 1974a [833];
Bushueva, 1966 (see
note above) [881]]; P.
Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 1974 [851]; P. koreana Stephensen, 1944b
[395]; P. litoralis (Oldevig, 1959) [279]; P. lokowai J.L.
Bamard, 1977b [381Q]; P. macquariae Nicholls, 1938
[845]; P. mohri J.L. Bamard, 1952, 1969a [372]; P.
mokyevskii (Gurjanova, 1952b) [283]; P. obliquimana K.H.
Barnard, 1932 [831]; P. paakai J.L. Barnard, 1977b [381Q];
P. parva Ruffo, 1949 [864]; ?P. pfefferi Schellenberg,
1931, 1935a (Thurston, 1974a) [867 + B]; P. rangatira J.L.
Bamard,1972b [776]; P. rua J.L. Bamard, 1977b [381Q];
P. schellenbergi Nicholls, 1938 [845]; P. stephenseni
Bamard & Karaman, 1982 (= P. brachyura Stephensen,
1949, homonym) [731]; ?P. tridentata Bulycheva, 1952
[024F] [possibly Gammaridae]; P. tristanensis K.H. Barnard,
1932 (Stephensen, 1949) [731,733]; P. udehe (Derzhavin,
1930a) (Birstein, 1939) (Vschakov, 1948) [024F]; P. walkeri
(Stebbing, 1906) (= P. antarcticus Walker, 1903, homonym)
(Chevreux, 1912d as Bovallia) (Bellan-Santini, 1972a,b)
(Thurston, 1974a) [870 + B]; P. willisi (Feam-Wannan,
1968a) [782]; species [Campbellian], (P. austrina
identifications of Walker, 1908; Chilton, 1909b;
Stephensen, 1927a; P. fissicauda identifications of BellanSantini & Ledoyer, 1974; J.L. Bamard, 1972b) [840];
species [Magellanian], (P. austrina identifications of
Shoemaker, 1914; Stebbing, 1914b; Monod, 1926; P.
fissicauda identifications of Stephensen, 1938c, 1947a;
Ruffo, 1947h) [830]; species (plural), (P. austrina
identifications of Chilton, 1912; Stebbing, 1920; BellanSantini & Ledoyer, 1974; P. aucklandicus identification
of Chilton, 1909b: 628) [various localities]; species of
Nicholls, 1938; Shoemaker, 1945e; J.L. Bamard, 1972b
(twice); Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer, 1974; Hurley, 1975
[various localities].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, some
freshwater, cosmopolitan but dominantly austral, 0-91 m,
penetrating freshwater in Manchuria, Hawaii, West
America, austral islands, about 39 species.
Paramoerella Ruffo
Paramoerella Ruffo, 1974b: 412.
Type species. Paramoerella interstitialis Ruffo, 1974b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum very small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head scarcely produced. Eyes
round, weak. Antennae subequal, peduncular articles
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth or
carinate. Rostrum small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
reniform. Antenna 1 shorter than 2, peduncular articles
progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than head,
article 3 weakly produced; article 1 of primary flagellum
ordinary, accessory flagellum I-articulate, scale-like, main
flagellar articles diverse. Labrum entire, subrounded,
broader than long; epistome unproduced. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 as long as 2. Labium: inner lobes
small. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 4-5 medial setae, palp
long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader
nor longer than outer, plates narrow, inner plate
without facial row of setae but with many other medial
setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long,
outer plate slightly shorter than inner; palp of 4 articles,
4 as long as 3, 3 unlobed, 4 setulose along inferior
margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate. Gnathopods alike, medium, but sexually
diverse, male stouter than female, subchelate, not
eusirid, carpus of both in male much shorter, in female
scarcely shorter than propodus, in male with weak/
posterior lobe not extending distad, in female unlobed,
carpus with numerous long posterior setae, propodus
rectangular and thin in female, broader in male.
Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article 2
not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of
uropods 1-2 (often 3 also) shortened; rami with lateral
and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended
beyond uropod 1, peduncle without large process,
rami lanceolate, nearly subequal. Telson ordinary,
entire, pointed or linguiform, without long apical
armaments.
Variables. Gnathopods sexually diverse, carpus of
gnathopods long (female type), shorter (male type),
short (female P. pratti, P. pacifica), very short (male P.
pratti), very lobate (P. pacifica); body carinate (P.
bungei).
Relationship. Differing from Paramoera,
Accedomoera, Tylosapis and Lopyastis in the lack of
facial setae on maxilla 2. From Accedomoera,
Paramoera, Tethygeneia and Gondogeneia in the
uncleft telson. From Tylosapis and Lopyastis in the
aequiramous uropod 3. From Haliragoides and Calliopius
in the presence of an .accessory flagellum. From
Atylopsis in the alternation of flagellar articles on
antenna 1 in size and/or armaments and in the nonemarginate, fully entire telson.
See Apherusa, Atylopsis, Austroregia, . Halirages,
Laothoes, Lopyastis, Membfitopus a.rid l10te in Paramoera
on P. incognita.
Species. See Tzvetkova & Kudrjaschov (1975); P.
bungei (Gurjanova, 1951, as Halirages) (Shoemaker, 1964)
[290]; P. litoralis (Gurjanova, 1938b, 1951) (Tzvetkova,
331
1968) [280]; P. pacifica Tzvetkova & Kudrjaschov, 1975
(= variety of P. pratti by Coyle & Mueller, 1981) [281
(locality = "Beringa"; there are 2 "Beringas" in Siberia;
we assume the one in the Commander Islands is the
correct one)]; P. pratti (I.L. Barnard, 1954a, 1969a)
(Coyle & Mueller, 1981) [270].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, amphiboreal
North Pacific, 0 m, 4 species.
Paraleptamphopus Stebbing, 1899
[see Bamard & Barnard (1983)]
Paramoera Miers
Paramoera Miers, 1875: 75.-Thurston, 1974b: 72.
Stebbingia Pfeffer, 1888: 110 (Stebbingia gregaria Pfeffer,
1888, monotypy).
Aucklandia Walker, 1908: 35 (Aucklandia enderbyiWalker,
1908, monotypy).
Amphoediceros Feam-Wannan, 1968a: 44 (Amphoediceros
willisi Feam-Wannan, 1968a, original designation).
Type species. Paramoera australis Miers, 1875,
present selection.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth, or
carinate. Rostrum small to large, lateral cephalic lobes
ordinary, anteroventral margin of head not significantly
produced. Eyes reniform. Antennae subequal, or
variably extending, peduncular articles of antenna 1
progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than head, article
2 often almost as long as article 1; .article 3 not
produced, not elongate; article 1 of primary flagellum
ordinary to short, accessory flagellum I-articulate, scalelike. Labrum entire, subrounded, broader than long;
epistome unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar, article
2 of mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 about as long as
2. Labium: inner lobes small to absent. Maxilla 1: inner
plate with 4 to many medial (facial) setae, palp long,
article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader nor
longer than outer, inner plate with facial row of
various number of setae and many other medial setae.
Maxilliped: inner. plate not relatively long, outer plate
slightly longer than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 slightly
shorter than 3, 3 usually unlobed, 4 not spinose along
inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 hot produced anteriorly nor
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate or poorly so. Gnathopods alike but sexually
diverse, . medium, . 2·· larger than 1, subchelate, ···not
eusirid, carpus of both usually shorter than propodus,
with weak or no posterior lobe not extending distad,
carpus with numerous short posterior setae, propodus
rectangular or in male weakly expanded or ovate.
Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article 2
not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth or minutely
334
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Thurston, 1974b: 76 (key).-J.L. Bamard, 1979b: 38.
Type species. Amphithoe inermis Kr0yer, 1838b,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum small to large; lateral cephalic lobes
ordinary; anteroventral margin of head often weakly
produced. Eyes reniform. Antennae subequal,
peduncular article 1 of antenna 1 shorter than head,
article 2 shorter than article 1; article 3 not or weakly
produced; article 1 of primary flagellum ordinary,
accessory flagellum absent; calceoli tympanic. Labrum
entire, subrounded, as long as broad; epistome
unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of
mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 scarcely shorter
than 2. Labium: inner lobes small. Maxilla 1: inner plate
with medial and distal setae, palp long, article 1 short.
Maxilla 2: inner plate not·broader nor longer than outer,
plates narrow, inner plate with facial row of 3 setae .and
several other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not
relatively long, outer plate as long as inner; palp of 4
articles, 4 shorter than 3, 3 weakly lobed, 4 not spinose
along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor
expandedventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate. Gnathopods alike, small, subchelate, not
eusirid, small carpus of both longer than propodus,
without posterior lobe, with numerous posterior setae,
gnathopods 1-2 slender and slightly elongate in type.
Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article 2
not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of
uropods 1-2 shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal
spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended beyond
uropod 1, peduncle without large process, rami
lanceolate, subequal or unequal. Telson slightly
elongate, cleft, apices without long armaments.
Variables. So-called facial setae on maxilla 2
barely submarginal in type, not so in many other
species (P. rostrata); inner lobes of lower lip
obsolescent or absent (P. rostrata); carpus of
gnathopods equal to or shorter than propodus (P.
intermedia); propodus of gnathopods weakly inflated
(P. melanophthalma, P. bartschi); carpus of gnathopod 2
long, with broad lobe (P. kondakovi) (P. ivanovi) (P.
andrijaschevi) (P. arenaria); inner plate of maxilla 2
with 1 facial seta (P. melanophthalma, P. bartschi);
process on article 3 of antenna 1 obsolescent (P.
ivanovi) (this species therefore keying to
Antarctogeneia).
Relationship. Differing from genera also bearing
a process on article 3 of antenna 1: from Bovallia .in
the shorter article 1 of antenna 1; from Halirages and
CaUiopius in the cleft telson; and from Accedomoera and
Atylopsis in the lack of an accessory flagellum.
Differing from genera that, unlike Pontogeneia,
lack a process on article 3 of antenna 1: from
Paramoera in the lack of long apical armaments on
the telson; from Tethygeneia in the unlobate article 5
of either gnathopods 1 and 2; from Antarctogeneia in
the short peduncle of antenna 2, the long article 3 of
the mandibular palp, the unexpanded coxa 1 and the
filiform flagella of the antennae; from Gondogeneia in
the facial setae of maxilla 2, the presence of inner
lobes on the lower liP. and the non-enlarged
gnathopod 1; and from Prostebbingia (= Pontogeneiella)
in the poorly setose inner plate of maxilla 1.
See Austroregia, Eurymera and Lopyastis.
Removals. Pontogeneia nasa J.L. Bamard, 1969b,
and P. quinsana J.L. Bamard, 1964c, to Nasageneia; P.
macrodon Schellenberg, 1931, and P. redfearni
Thurston, 1974a,b, to Gondogeneia; P. makarovi
Gurjanova, 1951, and P. opata J.L. Bamard, 1979b, to
Tethygeneia; P. barnardi Rabindranath (1972a) to
Abdia.
Species. See K.H. Barnard (1932); Gurjanova
(1951); Kudrjaschov & Zejagintsev (1975); Schellenberg
(1931); Stephensen (1938c); Shoemaker (1945d); ,Po
andrijaschevi Gurjanova, 1951 [290]; P. arenaria
Bulycheva, 1952 [391]; P. bartschi Shoemaker, 1948
[483]; ?P. cavitelson (Ledoyer, 1984) [586]; P. inermis
(Kr~yer, 1838b) (? = P. abyssinus o. Fabricius, 1780) (=
P. crenulata Kr~yer, 1838b) (Sars, 1895) (Stephensen,
1933b, 1944a) (Bousfield, 1973) [200]; P. intermedia
Gurjanova, 1938b (J.L. Bamard, 1969a, 1979b) [393]; P.
ivanovi Gurjanova, 1951 [290]; P. kondakovi Gurjanova,
1951 [290]; P. melanophthalma Gurjanova, 1938b [280];
P. rostrata Gurjanova, 1938b (J.L. Bamard, 1969a,
1979b) [393].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Arctic-borealwarm temperate, to Cuba and Cocos Island (Costa Rica),
0-220 m, 10 species.
Pontogeneoides Nicholls
Figs 60B, 61G, 62R
Pontogeneoides Nicholls, 1938: 106.
Type species. Pontogeneoides abyssi Nicholls, 1938,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum very small, lateral cephalic lobes [?ordinary];
anteroventral margin of head [?not produced]. Eyes
[?absent]. Antenna 1 much longer than 2, peduncular
articles progressively shorter, article 1 l?sbQrt~J:]tba.n.
head, article 2 slightly shorter than article 1; article 3 not
produced; article 1 of primary flagellum as long as article
3 of peduncle; accessory flagellum I-articulate, scale-like.
Labrum entire or incised, subrounded, broader
than long; epistome unproduced. Molar [?triturative,
columnar], article 2 of mandibular palp unlobed,
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
article 3 longer than 2. Labium: inner lobes small,
forcing gape to outer lobes. Maxilla 1: inner plate with
4 apical setae, palp long, article 2 short. Maxilla 2: inner
plate broader but not longer than outer, outer plate
narrow, inner plate with facial setae apically, few other
medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long,
outer plate slightly longer than inner; palp of 4
articles, 4 slightly shorter than 3, 3 scarcely lobed, 4
not spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 strongly produced
anteriorly or expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with
posterior lobe, excavate. Gnathopods diverse, first
medium, second large, 2 much larger than 1, subchelate,
not eusirid, carpus of both shorter than propodus, only
second with strong posterior lobe extending distad,
carpus of first longer than second, with numerous long
posterior setae, propodus expanded, ovate, only second
palm with row of stout spines. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary,
simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate.
Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-3 scarcely
shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3
ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle
without.large process, ramilanceolate.rrelsonelongate,
incised, almost entire, linguiform, without long apical
armaments.
Variables. Labrum incised (P. dubia).
Relationship. Differing from Rhachotropis and
Eusiroides in the diversity of size in gnathopods 1 and
2; almost identical to Dautzenbergia but inner plate of
maxilla 1 broadened as in Eusiroides and accessory
flagellum present;. P. dlfbia, with incised upper lip,
nevertheless is closer to Pontogeneoides than to
Dautzenbergia.
Species. Pontogeneoides abyssi Nicholls, 1938
[806B]; P. dubia (Ruffo, 1949) [802B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, 4801591 m, 2 species.
Prostebbingia Schellenberg, new synonymy
Figs 61F, 62Q
Prostebbingia Schellenberg, 1926a: 357.
Pontogeneiella Schellenberg, 1929c: 278 (Atyloides
brevicornis Chevreux, 1906b, 1906a, selected by J.L.
Bamard, 1969).-J.L. Bamard, 1972b: 187.
Type species. Stebbingia gracilis Chevreux, 1912a,d,
selected by J.L. Bamard, 1969.
Diagnosis. Body slender, compressed, not carinate.
Rostrum obsolescent; lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
reniform. Antenna 1 much longer than 2, peduncular
335
articles progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than
head, article 3 not or weakly produced; article 1 of
primary flagellum ordinary, accessory flagellum absent
or fused broadly to article 3 of peduncle. Labrum
entire, rounded, broader than long; epistome
unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of
mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 as long as 2. Labium:
inner lobes small. Maxilla 1: inner plate with many
medial and apical setae, palp long, article 1 not longer
than 2. Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader nor longer
than outer, inner plate with facial row of setae and other
medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively
long, outer plate slightly shorter than inner; palp of 4
articles, 4 narrow, 4 shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4
weakly setulose along inferior margin.
Coxae short and progressively longer toward coxa
4; coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor expanded.
ventrally, coxa 4 not twice as long as 1, without
posterior lobe, scarcely excavate. Gnathopods alike,
medium, subchelate, not eusirid, carpus smaller and
shorter than propodus, without posterodistal l()be,
carpus with numerous long posterior setae. Pereopods
3-7 .ordinary; ·····simple;······dactyls········simple; .····article2fiot
anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of
uropods 1-2 shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal
spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended beyond
uropod 1, peduncle without large process, rami
lanceolate, almost subequal, outer often shortened.
rrelson 0rdinary, cleft halfway, apices without long
apical armaments.
Variables. Antenna 1 not longer than antenna 2 (P.
brevicornis); coxae elongate (P. brevicornis); accessory
flagellum lappet absent (P. longicornis, P. brevicornis);
coxa 4 deeply excavate (P. brevicornis) or nonexcavate
(P. serrata); head with anteroventral tooth (P. serrata);
article 1 of primary flagellum on antenna 1 elongate
(P. serrata); apices of telson weakly serrate (P.
brevicornis, P. longicornis); rostrum large (P. levis).
Relationship. Differing from Apherusa in the more
setose inner lobe of maxilla 1 and the presence of a
weak process on article 3 of antenna 1. From Paramoera
in the absence of an accessory flagellum and the
absence of long apical .armaments on the telson. From
Pontogeneia in the strong setation of maxillae 1-2.
See Eurymera, Haliragoides, Manerogeneia and
Membrilopus.
Removal. Prostebbingia maneroo I.L. Bamard, 1972b,
to Manerogeneia.
Species. See Schellenberg (1926a, 1931); K.H.
Barnard (1932); Nicholls (1938); Stephensen (1938c,
1947a); P. brevicornis (Chevreux, 1906b, 1906a)
(rrhurston, 1974a,b) (Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer, 1974)
[880]; P. gracilis (Chevreux, 1912a,d) (Bellan-Santini,
1972a,b) (rrhurston, 1974a,b) [870]; ?P. laevis (Haswell,
1879a) (I.L. Bamard, 1974b) [781]; ?P. laevis (rrhomson,
1879a) (Chilton, 1921b) (I.L. Bamard, 1972b) [775]; P.
336
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Liouvillea in the
of the gnathopods and from
ptf(IVOI-)npj~n in the lobate gnathopod 1 as well as
Abdia and Liouvillea.
distribution..
from Antarctica, 0-400 m; questionable
south-eastern
New Zealand,
species.
Pseudomoera Schellenberg, new composition
Habitat and distribution. Freshwater,
Victoria, streams, 457-915 m altitude, 2 species.
Fig.60J
Pseudopontogeneia Oldevig, dubious
Pseudomoera Schellenberg, 1929c: 281.
Pseudopontogeneia Oldevig, 1959: 69.
Type species..
monotypy.
Atyloides
gabrieli
Sayee,
1901,
Diagn'osis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum very small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary;
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
round. Antenna 1 longer than 2, peduncular articles
progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than head, article
3 not produced; article 1 of primary flagellum ordinary,
accessory flagelluIn 1.;.articulate, weakly elongate.
Labrum entire, subrounded, broader than long;
epistome unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar,
article 2 of mandibular palp lobed, article 3 as long as
2. Labium: inner lobes small. Maxilla 1: inner plate
with 3 apical setae, palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2:
inner plate not broader nor longer than outer, plates
narrow, inner plate without facial row of setae but
with many medial setae. Maxilliped: inner' plate not
relatively long, outer plate as long as inner; palp of 4
articles, 1-2 broad, elongate together, 3-4 narrow,
short together, 4 slightly shorter than 3, 3 lobed, 4
spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 scarcely produced anteriorly
or expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate. Gnathopods alike, medium, subchelate, not
eusirid, carpus of both as long as and wider than
propodus, with strong posterodistal lobe extending
distad, with numerous long posterior setae, propodus
rectangular. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls
simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3
smooth. Outer ramus of uropod 1 not, of uropod 2
slightly shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines.
Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1,
peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate.
Telson ordinary, cleft, margins 'with long armaments.
Additional character. Article 1 of antenna 2
greatly tumid.
Variables. Outer ramus of uropod 1 shortened (P.
!ontana); inner plate of maxilla 1 fully setose medially
and of maxilla 2 facially setose (P. !ontana); palp article
2 of mandible not lobed (P. !ontana).
Type
species..
Pseudopontogeneia
Oldevig, 1959, original designation.
intermedia
Comments. Not enough is known about this genus
to find its place. By virtue of its maxilla 2, gnathopods,
epimeron 3, telson and guesses about other things it
comes closest to the rostrata group of Pontogeneia
which would be typical for its area.
Species. Pseudopontogeneia intermedia Oldevig,
1959 [281].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Bering Island,
?littoral, 1 species.
Regalia K.H. Bamard
Fig.63Q
Regalia K.H. Bamard, 1930: 370.
Type species. Regalia fascicularis K.H. Bamard, 1930,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body slender, compressed, carinate or
toothed on pleonites 1-3. Rostrum large, lateral
cephalic lobes' sinusoid, almost absent, anteroventral
margin of head weakly produced. Eyes ovate.
Antenna 1 [?broken]. Antenna 2 of male elongate,
article 5 of, peduncle shorter than 4, both covered
with setal combs. Labrum incised, emarginate, broader
than long; epistome unproduced. Molar triturative,
columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp unlobed" article
3 as long as 2. Labium: inner lobes present. Maxilla 1:
inner plate with 1-2 apical setae, palp long, article 1
short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader but shorter
than outer, lobes narrow, inner plate without facial
row of setae and no other medial setae. Maxilliped:
inner plate not -relatively long, outer plate slightly
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
longer than inner; palp of 4 articles, 1-2 broad,
elongate together, 3-4 narrow, 4 slightly shorter than 3,
3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae very short and progressively even toward
coxa 7; coxa 1 scarcely produced anteriorly or
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 not twice ·as long as 1,
almost without posterior lobe and not excavate.
Gnathopods alike, simple, or scarcely subchelate, not
eusirid, carpus of both almost as long as and wider than
propodus, with weak broad posterior lobe scarcely
extending distad, carpus with posterior setae,
gnathopods slender, slightly elongate. Pereopods 3-7
ordinary to elongate, simple, dactyls simple, article 2
not anteriorly lobate. Pleonites 1-2 not tricarinate.
Epimeron 3 bicuspidate (as in Iphhnediidae). Outer rami
of uropods 1-2 slightly shortened; rami with lateral and
dorsal spines. Vropod 3 ordinary, not extended
beyond uropod 1, peduncle without large process, rami
lanceolate, subequal(?). Telson ordinary, short,
emarginate, without long apical armaments.
Remarks. Mouthparts based on R. gracilimana as
description ofR. fascicularis vague (= like Calliopius).
Relationship. Like Atylopsis but epimeron 3
bidentate as in Iphimediidae and rostrum large.
Differing from Stenopleuroides in the triple carina of
pleonites 1-2; from Bovallia in the unlobate carpus of the
gnathopods.
See· this genus in Iphimediidae.
See Lopyastis.
337
facial row of 4 setae but no other medial setae.
outer plate
Maxilliped: inner
medially; palp
slightly shorter than
3, 3 unlobed, 4
of 4 articles, 4
with
not spinose along
nail.
Coxae short, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly nor
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with weak posterior
excavate. Gnathopods diverse, medium, 2 larger than 1,
subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of both as long as
propodus, without posterior lobe, carpus with few short
posterior setae, propodi rectangular or weakly
expanding, gnathopod 2 especially slender or linear.
Coxal gills 2-6, ovate; sternal gills absent. Oostegites
broad. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls simple,
article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Pleopods with peduncle
dominating rami. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of
uropods 1-2 slightly shortened or not; rami with lateral
and dorsal spines. Vropod 3 ordinary, scarcely
extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle without large
process, rami lanceolate, aequiramous, I-articulate.
Telson ordinary, cleft two thirds, apices with short or
thin armaments.
Variables. Telson elongate (R. tsushimana).
Species. Regalia fascicularis K.H. Barnard (1930)
[779N]; R. gracilimana Pirlot, 1934 [602B].
Relationship. Like Paramoera but head with
unusually sinusoid anterolateral margin.
Differing from Awacaris by the normal palp of maxilla.
1, the normal head and ·the stronger propodus and palm
of gnathopod 1. From Apherusa in the stronger sintlsoid
cephalic lobes, the deeply cleft telson, and the
presence of an accessory flagellum.
See Sternomoera.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, New Zealand to
Banda Sea, 130-304 m, 2 species.
Species. Relictomoera relicta (Veno, 1971a) [029g]; R.
tsushimana (Veno, 1971b) [029t].
Relictomoera n.gen.
Habitat and distribution. Freshwater, Goto and
Tsushimana Islands south and west of Kyushu,
Japan, hypogean, 2 species.
Type species. Paramoera relicta Veno, 1971a.
Etymology. Named for the type species.
Diagnosis. Body slender, compressed. Rostrum
obsolescent; lateral cephalic lobes sinusoid, with notch
in middle, anteroventral margin of head weakly
produced. Eyes round, tiny or vestigial or absent.
Antenna 1 longer than 2, peduncular articles of antenna
1 progressively shorter, article 1 as long as head,
articles 2-3 scarcely shorter than article 1; article 3
elongate, not produced; article 1 of primary flagellum
ordinary, accessory flagellum I-articulate, barrel
shaped... Labrum [?entire, ?subrounded, ?broader. than
long]; epistome unproduced. Molar triturative,
columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp poorly lobed,
article 3 shorter than 2. Labium: inner lobes [?absent].
Maxilla 1: inner plate with 5 apical setae, palp long,
article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader nor
longer than outer, plates narrow, inner plate with
Rhachotropis S.I. Smith
Figs 59F, 61H, 62B, 63B
Tritropis Boeck, 1871b: 158 (Oniscus aculeatus Lepechin,
1780, monotypy) [homonym, Reptilia].
Rhachotropis S.I. Smith, 1883b: 222 (new name).
Gracilipes Holmes, 1908: 526 (Gracilipes natator Holmes,
1908, original desigIlati<JI1).
Type species. Oniscus aculeatus Lepechin, 1780,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body .. ordinary to slender, compressed
338
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
or depressed, carinate or toothed. Rostrum small to
large, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary; anteroventral
margin of head not produced. Eyes round, reniform, or
absent. Antennae subequal, article 1 of antenna 1 as
long as or longer than head, article 2 usually as long as
article 1; article 3 shorter, not produced; article 1 of
primary flagellum in female short, often twice as long as
article 3 of peduncle in male; accessory flagellum 1 to
2-articulate but short. Labrum entire, subrounded,
broader than long; epistome unproduced. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 as long as or longer than 2. Labium:
inner lobes short. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 1-4
medial setae, palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner
plate broader but not longer than outer, outer plate
narrow, inner plate without facial row of setae and few
other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not
relatively long, outer plate slightly or greatly longer
than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 shorter than 3, 3
unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae very short, coxa 1 strongly produced
anteriorly or expanded ventrally, coxa 4 without or
with weak posterior lobe, excavate or not. Gnathopods
alike, large, subchelate, weakly eusirid, carpus of both
much shorter than large ovate propodus, with strong
posterior lobe extending distad, numerous posterior
setae, spines on palms of gnathopods thin or
inconspicuous. Pereopods 3-7 elongate, simple, dactyls
simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3
serrate, or rarely smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-2
shortened or not; rami with lateral and dorsal spines.
Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended beyond uropod 1,
peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate. Telson
elongate, cleft, .incised, emarginate, or entire, triangular
or linguiform, without long apical armaments.
Additional character. Calceoli tympanic, on both
antennae in both sexes.
Variables. Mandibular palp feeble (R. gubilata);
width or shape of article 2 on pereopods 5-7 alike or
diverse.
Relationship.
See Cleonardo, Eusiroides,
Pontogenoides,
Harcledo,
Metaleptamphopus,
Cleonardopsis and Eusirella.
Species. See Shoemaker (1930a); Stephensen (1940a,
1944a,c); R. aculeata (Lepechin, 1780) [not seen] (=
R. edvardsii Sabine, 1821) (= R. avirostris Sars, 1883)
(Sars, 1895) (Stephensen, 1940a, 1944a,c) (Gurjanova,
1951) [200 + B]; R. anoculata J.L. Barnard, 1962d [801A];
R. anomala K.H. Bamard, 1916 [701B]; R. antarctica K.H.
Bamard, 1932 (Andres, 1982) [870 + B]; R. arii Thurston,
1980a [209B]; R. caeca Ledoyer, 1977, 1982a [340BA]; R.
cervus J.L. Bamard, 1957c, 1967a [368B]; R. clemens J.L.
Barnard, 1967a, 1971a [309B]; R. distincta (Holmes, 1908)
(Shoemaker, 1930a) (J.L. Bamard, 1971a) [399BA]; R.
faeroensis Stephensen, 1944c [209B]; R. flemmingi
Dahl, 1959 [604A]; R. gislii Thurston, 1980a [209B];
R. glabra Ledoyer, 1977, 1982b (Bellan-Santini, 1984)
[348]; R. gloriosae Ledoyer, 1982a [618B]; R. gracilis
Bonnier, 1896 (Chevreux, 1927) [221B]; R. grimaldii
(Chevreux, 1887c)
R. elegans Bonnier, 1896)
(Chevreux, 1900a, 1927) (Ledoyer, 1977, 1982a) [426B];
R. gubilata J.L. Bamard, 1964a [501B]; R. helleri (Boeck,
1871b) (Sars, 1895) (Sexton, 1909) (Gurjanova, 1951)
[200B]; R. hunteri Nicholls, 1938 [878B]; R. inermis
Ledoyer, 1977, 1982a [348 + B]; R. inflata (Sars, 1883) (=
R. tumida Sars, 1895) (Gurjanova, 1951) [200M]; R.
integricauda Carausu, 1948, 1949 (Ledoyer, 1977, 1982a)
[348B] [= ?R. inflata]; R. kergueleni Stebbing, 1888
(?Stephensen, 1944c) (Griffiths, 1975) [835B]; R.
leucophthalma Sars, 1895 (Gurjanova, 1951) [218B]; R.
levantis J.L. Barnard, 1961a [715B]; R. lobata
Shoemaker, 1934b [404B]; R. lomonsovi Gurjanova,
1934a, 1951 [210B]; R. luculenta J.L. Bamard, 1969b [377];
R. ludificor J.L. Bamard, 1967a [309B]; R. macropus
Sars, 1895 (Stephensen, 1940a, 1944a,c) (Just, 1970) [210
+ B]; R. multesimus J.L. Barnard, 1967a [309B]; R. natator
(Holmes, 1908) (J.L. Bamard, 1954b, 1964d) [510B]; R.
oculata (Hansen, 1888) (J.L. Barnard, 1966b)
(Bousfield, 1973) [210M]; R. paeneglaber K.H. Bamard,
1916 (Griffiths, 1975) [701B]; R. palporum Stebbing, 1908c
(= R. pacifica Schellenberg, 1929b, 1955) (Griffiths,
1975) [422BA]; R. platycera K.H. Bamard, 1931b [633];
R. portoricana J.L. Bamard, 1964a [404A]; R. proxima
Chevreux, 1911a, 1935 (Thurston, 1980a) [240B]; R.
rostrata Bonnier, 1896 (Sexton, 1909) (Stephensen, 1944c)
(Ledoyer, 1982a) [352B]; R. schellenbergi Andres, 1982
[871]; R. sibogae Pirlot, 1934 [604B]; R. thordisae
Thurston, 1980a [209B]; R. thorkelli Thurston, 1980a
[209A].
Habitat and distribution. Marine cosmopolitan,
mostly cold or deep water, usually demersal or
pelagic, 0-9460 m [warmest occurrences = R. luculenta,
R. glabra, R. inermis, R. platycera], 43 species.
Ronco J.L. Bamard
Ronco J.L. Bamard, 1965a: 493.
Type species. Ronco sosa J.L. Bamard, 1965a, original
designation.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum small, lateral cephalic lobes unproduced;
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
reniform. Antenna 1 longer than 2, peduncular articles
progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than head, article
3 not produced; article 1 of primary flagellum short,
accessory flagellum I-articulate, elongate. Labrum deeply
incised, broader than long; epistome unproduced.
Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 as long as 2. Labium: inner lobes
well developed. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 2 apical
setae, palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
broader and longer than outer, outer plate narrow,
inner plate without facial row of setae and few
other setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long,
outer plate as long as inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 as
long as 3, 3 weakly lobed, 4 not spinose along inferior
margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 strongly produced anteriorly
and expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate. Gnathopods alike, medium, subchelate, not
eusirid, carpus of both shorter than propodus, with
strong posterior lobe weakly extending distad, carpus
with numerous long posterior setae, propodus ovate.
Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article
2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami
of uropods 1-2 shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal
spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, scarcely extended
beyond uropod 1, peduncle without. large process,
rami lanceolate. Telson elongate, cleft, apices with short
armaments.
Relationship. Differing from Eusiroides in the
deeply bilobed labrum and the poorly developed
palmar spines on the gnathopods.
Species. Ronco sosa I.L. Barnard, 1965a [591].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Caroline Islands,
Ifaluk, sublittoral, 1 species.
[Calliopiidae = Gammarellidae] Sancho Stebbing
Fig.64
Sancho Stebbing, 1897: 42.
Fig.64. Eusiridae. Sancho platynotus.
Type species. Sancho platynotus Stebbing,
monotypy.
339
1897,
Diagnosis. Body strongly depressed. Rostrum
very small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
ovate. Antennae subequal, peduncular articles of
antenna 1 progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than
head, article 3 not produced; article 1 of primary
flagellum short, accessory flagellum I-articulate,
elongate. Calceoli of gammarelloid form. (see this form
in Lincoln & Hurley, 1981). Labrum entire, subrounded,
broader than long, epistome unproduced. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 as long as 2. Labium: inner lobes
absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 2 apical setae,palp
long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate broader but
not longer than outer, inner plate without facial row of
setae, with few other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner
plate not relatively long, outer plate slightly shorter
than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 shorter than 3, 3 unlobed,
4 setospinose along inferior margin.
Coxae ordinary, but splayed, coxa 1 scarcely
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 twice as long as 1, with
posterior lobe, excavate. Gnathopods diverse, 2 larger
than 1, second subchelate, first not but second
eusirid, carpus of first longer but of second much
shorter than propodus, without posterior lobe, carpus of
second without numerous long posterior setae,
gnathopod 1 slender, parachelate, (mittenform),
propodus of gnathopod 2 inflated, palm" transverse,
female gnathopods both slender, feeble, like male
gnathopod 1. Pereopods 3-4 ordinary, 5-7 elongate,
simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate.
Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-3
340
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
C'·hr~rtt:l.nA,r1·
rami with lateral and dorsal
not extended
process,
Telson
armaments.
Additional character..
3
7 with nasiform
lobe on article 4.
Relationship.. Sancho is unique in the combination
of depressed body, and mixture of eusirid and
noneusirid gnathopods.
Sancho might be misidentified as a phoxocephalid
but differs from that .group in the uncleft telson,
shortened outer rami of uropods 1-3, and the outer
ramus of uropod 3 being i-articulate.
See C hosroes in Eusiridae (gammarellid group).
Species.. Sancho platynotus Stebbing, 1897, 1906,
1910a [781].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Australia, Port
Jackson, [?depth], 1 species.
Schraderia Pfeffer
Schraderia Pfeffer, 1888: 141.-K.H. Bamard, 1932: 203.Thurston, 1974b: 58.
Atyloides Sfebbing, 1888: 913 (Atyloides serraticauda
Stebbing, 1888, here designated).-Schellenberg, 1929c:
280.
Dolobrotus Bowman, 1974: 130 (Dolobrotus mardeni
Bowman, 1974, original designation).
Type species. Schraderia gracilis Pfeffer,
monotypy.
1888,
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed. Rostrum
very small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin' of head weakly produced or
quadrate, serrate. Eyes reniform, or ovate. Antennae
subequal or 1 longer than 2, peduncular articles
progressively shorter, article 1 shorter or as long as
(type) head, article 2 shorter than article 1; article 3 not
produced, not elongate; article 1 of primary flagellum
ordinary, accessoryflagellum I-articulate, elongate or
scale-like. Labrum entire, subrounded, as long as 'broad;
epistome unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar, article
2 of mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 shorter than
2. Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate with
medial pubescence and apical setae, palp long, article 1
not longer than 2. Maxilla. 2: inner plate as broad· but
shorter than outer, with facial row of many setae and few
other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plates relatively
long, outer plate slightly longer than inner; palp of 4
articles, 1-2 narrow, 2 elongate, 4 slightly shorter than 3,
3 weakly lobed, 4 spinose or setulose along inferior
margin.
toward
coxa 4 not
excavate.
or
of
not
carpus and
lobed and slightly the
1.
3-7 ordinary,
article 2 not anteriorly lobate.
Epimeron 3 serrate. Outer rami of uropods 1-2 slightly
shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3
ordinary, scarcely extended beyond uropod 1,
peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate, inner
ramus as long as or longer than outer. Telson slightly
elongate, cleft, lobes notched, without long apical
armaments.· Oostegites large.
Variables. Propodus of gnathopods not linear (S.
acuticauda = Oradarea?); inner plate of maxilla 1 with
only 4 setae (S. acuticauda): or fully setose medially (S.
mardeni); antenna 2 longer than 1 (S. mardeni);
epimeron 3 with tooth and sinus only (S. mardeni); head
not serrate (S. mardeni); gnathopods not fully linear (S.
acuticauda); accessory flagellum articulate and elongate
(S. gracilis).
Relationship. Differing from Oradarea in the cleft
telson and the equal rami of uropod 3.
See Apherusa, Awacaris, Bathyschraderia, Bouvierella,
Cleippides, Djerboa and Leptamphopus.
Species. Schraderia acuticauda Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 1974 [851]; S. barnardi Thurston, 1974a,b [875];
S. dubia Thurston, 1974a,b [875]; S. gracilis Pfeffer, 1888
(= S. calceolata Chilton, 1912) (Shoemaker, 1945d) (BellanSantini & Ledoyer, 1974) (Thurston, 1974a,b) [870]; S.
mardeni (Bowman, 1974) [363]; S. serraticauda (Stebbing,
1888) (Thurston, 1974b) [782 + ?840]; ?S. udehe
(Derzhavin, 1930) [024].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, 0-310
m; S. udehe = streams of DeKastri Bay, in Lower Amur
Basin; S. mardeni = north-western Atlantic, 75- 165 m; 7
species.
Stenopleura Stebbing
Figs 62T, 63H
Stenopleura Stebbing, 1888: 949.
Type species. Stenopleura atlantica Stebbing, 1888,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body slender, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum medium, thin, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary;
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
reniform. Antennae subequal, peduncular articles
progressively· shorter, article 1 shorter than head,
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amlphlpocla
2.
.JL..JE.4U.LlU'.L.L.L.
Maxilla 1:
1 not
with 0-1
and no other medial setae. Maxilliped: inner plate not
relatively long, outer plate not longer than inner; palp
of 4 articles, 1-2 broad, not elongate together, 3-4
narrow together, 4 slightly shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4
not spinose along inferior margin, unguiform.
Coxae very short and generally even toward coxa 7;
coxa 1 sharply produced anteriorly, coxa 4 as long as
1, shorter than 5, with weak posterior lobe, not
distinctly excavate. Gnathopods alike, medium, scarcely
subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of both much shorter
than propodus, with strong posterodistal lobe
extending distad, carpus with posterior setae, propodus
narrowly ovate, palm long and poorly defined.
Pereopods 3-7 elongate, simple, dactyls simple, article 2
not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of
uropods 1-2 shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal
spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not extended beyond uropod
1, peduncle with large process, rami lanceolate.
Telson ordinary, entire, trifid, without long apical
armaments.
"-'£\..I."-'..I...I.U"-',.....
Relationship. Differing from Dautzenbergia in the
absence of dactylar spines on pereopods 3-7 and the
nondiverse gnathopods. From Atylopsis in the absence
of an accessory flagellum and the shorter coxae. From
Meteusiroides in the short coxae, absence of facial
setae on maxilla 2 and the extension of coxa 5 over coxa
4.
See Harcledo, Metaleptamphopus·and Stenopleuroides.
Species. Stenopleura atlantica Stebbing, 1888
(Stephensen, 1915) (Birstein & Vinogradov, 1958, 1964)
(I.L. Bamard, 1962d) [422].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan,
tropical and subtropical seas, epipelagic and
bathypelagic to about 400 m, 1 species.
O ......1Ct1"A1'1r"'IO
341
Labrum
Molar
U.LlllJ..I.'-'uu."",,,-,'u..
article 2 of
unlobed, article 3 longer than 2.
1: inner plate
article 1 not longer than 2. Maxilla 2: plates
narrow, inner plate [?without facial row of setae and
other medial setae]. Maxilliped: inner plate not
relatively long, outer plate not longer than inner; palp
of4 articles, 1-4 narrow,. 4 .slightly shorter than 3, 3
unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior margin.
Coxae very short and progressively longer toward
coxa 7; coxa 1 scarcely produced anteriorly, not
expanded ventrally, coxa 4 longer than 1, without
. posterior lobe, not excavate, coxa 5 as long as 4, 7
longer than 4. Gnathopods alike, medium, subchelate, not
eusirid, carpus of both much shorter than propodus,
with strong posterodistal lobe extending distad, .with
posterior setae, propodus narrowly ovate, palm long
and poorly defined. Pereopods 3-7 simple, dactyls
simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate, article 5 of
pereopod 7 as long as articles. 2,3,4 and 6 together
(contra Stenopleura) , articles 5-6 of pereopods 6-7
extremely elongate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of
uropods 1-2 scarcely shortened, rami with lateral and
dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, ··not extended beyond
uropod 1, peduncle without large ptocess,r~mi
lanceolate, weakly unequal. Telson ordinary, entire,
linguiform, without long apical armaments.
Relationship. Differing froin Stenopleura in the
immensely elongate article 5 of pereopod 7 and the
dorsal body teeth. From Harpinioides in the unbent
propodus of the gnathopods. From Meteusiroides by
the short coxae, short uncleft telson and elongate
pereopods 5-7. From Cleonardopsisby the short coxae,
uncleft telson and elongate article 1 on the primary
flagellum of antenna 1.
See Bovallia, Harcledo and Metaleptamphopus.
Species. Stenopleuroides macrops Birstein &
Vinogradov, 1964 [600].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, tropical Indian
Stenopleuroides Birstein & Vinogradov
Stenopleuroides Birstein & Vinogradov, 1964: 177.
Ocean, epipelagic, 1 species.
Sternomoera n.gen.
Type species. Stenopleuroides macrops Birsteifi &
Vinogradov, 1964, monotypy.
Type species. Paramoera yezoensis
present selection.
Diagnosis. Booy slender, compressed, carinate or
toothed posterodorsally. Rostrum very small, lateral
cephalic lobes sinusoid, anteroventral margin. of. head
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum very small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head scarcely produced.
1933a,
342
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Eyes reniform. Antenna 1 longer than 2" peduncular
articles progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than
head, article 3 not produced; article 1 of primary
flagellum short, accessory flagellum I-articulate, scalelike. Labrum entire, subrounded, as long as broad;
epistome unproduced. Molar triturative, columnar,
article 2 of mandibular palp unlobed, article 3 as long
as 2. Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate
with many medial setae, palp long, article 1 short.
Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader nor longer than
outer, inner plate with scarcely submarginal facial row
of many setae and several other medial setae.
Maxilliped: inner plate not relatively long, outer plate
slightly shorter than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4
shorter than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior
margin.
Coxae ordinary", coxa 1 not produced anteriorly
nor expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate. Gnathopods alike, small, in female subchelate,
not eusirid, carpus of both scarcely shorter than
propodus, without posterior lobe, with numerous
posterior setae, propodus rectangular; male gnathopods
larger, 2 larger than 1, carpus broadly lobate, propodus
ovate, posterior margins swollen, palms oblique, with few
large clavate or peg spines. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary,
simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate.
Epimeron,3 serrate sparsely and minutely. Outer rami of
uropods 1-2 not or scarcely shortened; rami with
lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary, not
extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle without large
process, rami lanceolate, almost subequal. Telson
ordinary, cleft, apices with small armaments.
Additional characters. Thorax with sternal gills;
coxal gills [?2-7], ovate. Oostegites broad.
Variables. Apices of telson poorly (S. yezoensis) to
densely setose (S. japonica) apically.
Relationship. Like Paramoera but sternobranchiate. Not of modem crangonyctid affinity because
of precisely aequiramous uropod 3, short peduncle of
antenna 1, basally proliferate 'flagellum of antenna 1.
Not bogidiellid because of the general gnathopodal
facies and presence of sternal gills.
Differing from Eoniphargus in the magniramous,
aequiramous uropod 3 and vestigial accessory flagellum.
From Relictomoera in 'the presence of sternal gills and
the normal head.
Species. Sternomoera hayamenensis (Stephensen,
1944b) [027]; S. japonica (Tattersall, 1922a) [017]; S.
yezoensis (Ueno, 1933a) [026].
Habitat and distribution. Freshwater, Japan,
streams, 3 species.
Etymology. Named for the sternal ,gills and the
root of Paramoera.
Tethygeneia J.L. Barnard
Tethygeneia I.L. Bamard, 1972a: 197.
Type species. Tethygeneia waminda I.L. Barnard,
1972a, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum large, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head scarcely produced. Eyes
reniform. Antennae subequal or 1 shorter than 2,
peduncular articles of antenna 1 progressively shorter,
article 1 shorter than head, article 3 weakly or not
produced; article 1 of primary flagellum ordinary or
short, accessory flagellum I-articulate, scale-like or
absent; calceoli anthurial. Labrum entire, subrounded,
broader than long, epistome unproduced. Molar
triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 shorter than 2. Labium: inner lobes
absent. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 5 (4-7) medial-apical
setae, palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not
broader nor longer than outer, inner plate without
facial row of setae but with other medial setae, often
few, enlarged and weakly submarginal. Maxilliped:
inner plate not relatively long, outer plate slightly
shorter than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 slightly shorter
than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior
margin, coxae" ordinary, coxa 1 not or scarcely
produced anteriorly nor expanded ventrally, coxa 4
with posterior lobe, excavate.
Gnathopods diverse, medium, of same size,
subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of both much shorter
than propodus, only gnathopod2 with strong posterior
lobe extending distad, carpus without numerous long
posterior setae, propodus rectangular. Pereopods 3-7
ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly
lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-2.
shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod
3 ordinary, slightly, extended beyond uropod 1,
peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate.
Telson ordinary, cleft, without long apical armaments.
Variables. Accessory flagellum and process of
article 3 on antenna 1 present or absent; dactyls of
pereopods occasionally pectinate or castellate (T. nalgo,
T. elanora).
Relationship. Like Pontogeneia and Gondogeneia
but gnathopod 2 with lobate carpus; differing also
from Gondogeneia in the anthurial (not seriate)
calceoli and long rostrum.
See Abdia, Antarctogeneia, Dautzenbergia,
~asageneiq, fQrQ9qlliopiellq, ancl fscueJomQerq.
,Species. Tethygeneia elanora J.L. Barnard, 1972a
[788];T. longleyi (Shoemaker, 1933a) (Ruffo, 1950)
(Camp et al., 1977) [460]; ?T. makarovi (Gurjanova, 1951)
[290]; T. megalopththalma (Haswell, 1880a) (J.L. Bamard,
1972a) [781]; T. minuta (Chevreux, 1908k, 1935) [443];
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
343
T. nalgo J.L. Bamard, 1972a [788]; T. opata J.L. Bamard,
1979b [369]; T. pacifica (Schellenberg, 1938a) (Ledoyer
1967a, 1979b) (Ruffo, 1969) (J.L. Bamard, 1970a) [600];
T. tulkara J.L. Bamard, 1972a [788]; T. waminda J.L.
Barnard, 1972a [788]; species, (T. austrina var. T.
megalophthalma identification of Chilton, 1921d) [783].
maxilla 1.
See Eurymera,
Paracalliopiella.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, mostly southern
warm temperate, tropical, northern warm temperate,
littoral-sublittoral, 0-20 m, 10+ species.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Magellan South
America and Falkland Islands, 5-275 m, 1 species.
Membrilopus and
Species. Tylosapis dentatus (Stebbing, 1888)
(Schellenberg, 1931) [866 + B].
Whangarusa Barnard & Karaman
Tylosapis Thurston
Whangarusa Bamard & Karaman, 1987: 863.
Tylosapis Thurston, 1974a: 40.
Type species. Atylopsis dentata Stebbing, 1888,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, weakly
carinate and toothed. Rostrum medium, lateral cephalic
lobes ordinary, anteroventral margin of head not
produced. Eyes round or ovate. Antenna 1 longer than
2, peduncular articles progressively shorter, article 1
shorter than head, article 3 produced; article 1 of
primary flagellum [?ordinary, short, twice as long as
article 3 of peduncle]; accessory flagellum considered as
process on article 3 of peduncle. Labrum emarginate,
subrounded, broader than long; epistome unproduced.
Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular palp
unlobed, article 3 as long as 2. Labium: inner lobes
present. Maxilla 1: inner plate with 2 apical setae, palp
long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not broader
nor longer than outer, outer plate broad, inner plate
with facial row of 2 setae and no other medial setae.
Maxilliped: inner plate short, outer plate longer than
inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 shorter than 3, 3 lobed, 4 not
spinose along inferior'"" margin.
Coxae ordinary to short, coxa 1 scarcely
produced anteriorly or expanded ventrally, coxa 4
with posterior lobe, excavate. Gnathopods alike, small, 2
scarcely larger than 1, subchelate, not eusirid, carpus
of gnathopod 2 shorter than propodus, without
posterior lobe, with long posterior setae,· propodus
rectangular, narrow, carpus of gnathopod 1 as long as
propodus. Pereopods 3-7 ordinary, simple, dactyls
simple, article 2 not anteriorly lobate. Epimeron 3
smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-3 shortened; rami
with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ordinary,
not extended beyond uropod 1, peduncle without
large process, rami lanceolate,outer ramus much
shorter than inner one. Telson ordinary, distally
inGi~~<l, witl1Qllt lQng CipiGCiI CifIl1Cim~nts.
Relationship. Differing from Atylopsis and Lopyastis
in the reduced· facial row of setae on maxilla 2 and
possibly from Atylopsis only in the shortened outer
rami of uropods 1 and 3; from Lopyastis additionally inthe poor development of setae on the inner plate of
Type species. Panoploea translucensChilton, 1884,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body ordinary, compressed, smooth.
Rostrum very small, lateral cephalic lobes ordinary,
anteroventral margin of head not produced. Eyes
ovate. Antenna 1 longer than 2, peduncular articles
progressively shorter, article 1 shorter than head, article
3 weakly produced; article 1 of primary flagellum
ordinary, accessory flagellum absent. Labrum [?entire,
subrounded, broader than long]; epistome unproduced.
Molar triturative, columnar, article 2 of mandibular·palp
unlobed, article 3 almost as long as 2. Labium: inner
lobes small. Maxilla 1: inner plate with many medial
setae, palp long, article 1 short. Maxilla 2: inner plate not
broader nor longer than outer, inner plate with full
facial row of setae and other medial setae. Maxilliped:
inner plate not relatively long, outer plate slightly
longer than inner; palp of 4 articles, 4 slightly shorter
than 3, 3 unlobed, 4 not spinose along inferior
margin.
Coxae ordinary, coxa 1 not produced anteriorly
nor expanded ventrally, coxa 4 with posterior lobe,
excavate. Gnathopods alike, large, 1 larger than 2,
subchelate, not eusirid, carpus of both, in male much
shorter than propodus, with weak posterior lobe not
extending distad, carpus without numerous long
posterior setae, gnathopods 1-2 of female much more
slender, carpus as long as propodus. Pereopods 3-7
ordinary, simple, dactyls simple, article 2 not anteriorly
lobate. Epimeron 3 smooth. Outer rami of uropods 1-2
shortened; rami with lateral and dorsal spines. Uropod 3
ordinary to small, not extended·· beyond uropod 1,
peduncle without large process, rami lanceolate,
subequal(?). Telson ordinary, entire, almost pointed,
without long apical armaments.
1.{~Ia.ti()l1s!tip. Piff~rillg. frQI11 (]-ont;[qgen,ejq ill tl1~
uncleft telson. From Atylopsis, Laothoes, Apherusa,
Austroregia and Halirages in the grossly enlarged
gnathopod 1 in the male, and both gnathopods· with very
short carpus and large propodus.
Species. Whangarusa translucens (Chilton, 1884a,
344
Records· of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Zaramilla Stebbing
Fig.62M
Zaramilla Stebbing, 1888:866.-Bamard & Bamard, 1983:
563.
Type species.. Zaramilla kergueleni Stebbing, 1888,
monotypy.
Remarks. Not otherwise treated herein.
EXOEDICEROTIDAE Barnard &
Drummond, 1982a
Diagnosis. Amphipoda like Oedicerotidae but
apices of rami on uropods 1-2 spinose.
Description. Body laterally compressed, scarcely or
not processiferous, urosomites 1-3 free. .Head not
strongly galeate, rostrum medium, thin or weak; eyes
usually paired
separated but occasionally
appressed
absent. Peduncle
antennae medium' to
short, flagella usually calceoliferous, calceoli probably
of oedicerotid kind 7 (Lincoln & Hurley, 1981),
accessory flagellum 0 to I-articulate. Labrum weakly
excavate or
epistome occasionally produced.
Mandible strong, incisor toothed, raker row well
developed, molar triturative to obsolescent, palp 0 to 1articulate. Inner lobes of lower lip fleshy and' separate.
Maxillae well developed, inner plates poorly to
strongly setose. Maxillipeds, well 'developed, outer
plate small' to large, palp 4~articulate.
Coxae 1-4 well developed, coxa 4 lobate and
excavate Of not, coxa 5 generally only slightly smaller
than 4. Gnathopods diverse, ranging from medium, alike
and subchelate with spine fields on propodus, to
feeble, simple and elongate and without spine fields.
Pereopods 3.. 7 fossorial, with powerful and spinose
articles, dactyls often vestigial or absent on pereopods
3~6~ pereopod 7 very large as in Oedicerotidae, article
2 broadly expanded, appendage much longer than
pereopods 5-6, dactyl elongate and well armed. Gills on
coxae 2-7; oostegites narrow to moderately broad.
Pleon powerful, pleopods well developed, epimera
ordinary, poorly omamented. Uropods 1-2 with long
rami bearing apical spines. Uropod 3 variable,
moderately to strongly developed or vestigial.
Telson short, entire, laminar.
Key 1 to Genera of Exoedicerotidae
1.
Uropod 3 composed of peduncle only
Metoediceros
--Uropod 3 with 1-2 rami
2.
Uropod 3 with 1 ramus
- - Uropod 3 with 2 rami
3.
Gnathopods well developed
- - Gnathopods mittenform or inferior
4.
Epimera 1-3 with many marginal setae
- - All setae, if present, on epimera 1-3 facial, not marginal
5.
Pereopods 3-4 with large dactyl, setae sparse
- - Pereopods 3-4 with dactyl vestigial, setae dense
6.
2
Notoediceros
~
3
4
7
Patuki
5
male Metoediceropsis
6
Gill of coxa 5· .small or vestigial, primary flagellum of
antenna 1 with diverse armament, male and female
gnathopods diverse
Exoediceros
- - Gill 5 ordinary, armament of primary flagellum on
antenna 1 homogeneous, gnathopods of both sexes
alike
Exoediceroides
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean AmphipQda
7.
Molar feeble
,
' ,
,
'
~,
l!-Xoe(,ucl~rOjfJS1S
- - Molar strong
8
Inner plate of maxilla 2 widely setose, maxilla 2 with
submarginal facial inner setal row, dactyls of pereopods
3-6 ordinary
9
- - Inner plate of maxilla 1 n,*ed, maxilla 2 lacking facial or
submarginal inner row of setae, dactyls of pereopods 3~6
vestigial
~
~ ~
11
8.
9.
Uropod 3 dominant, much larger than uropod 1, strongly
spinose
~
--Uropod 3 ordinary, lacking majqr spines
Parhalimedon
10
10. Article
3 of antenna 1 as long as 2, article 3 of
mandibular palp falcate
Kanaloa
- - Article 3 of antenna 1 much shorter than 2, article 3 of
mandibular palp linear
Methalimedon
11. Epimeron 2 with tooth, article 3 of mandibular palp not
bevelled, with A-B or D setae besides E-setae
Bathyporeiapus
- - Epimeron 2 lacking tooth, article 3 of mandibular palp
bevelled, lacking A-B setae, all setae (E) ,on bevel
Vadosiapus
Key 2 to Genera of Exoedicerotidae
1.
Male gnathopods with spine
apices of closed dactyls
fields on
propodus near
2
3
- - Male gnathopods lacking propodal spine fields
2.
,Exoediceros
Uropod 3 with 2 rami
--Uropod 3 with 1 ramus
Notoediceros
--Uropod 3 lacking rami
Metoediceros
3.
Gnathopods ordinary, large
4
- - Gnathopods mittenform or gnathopod 2 almost simple
4.
couplet 7 of Key 1
Epimera 1-3 with many 'marginal setae .........................................•.................................... Patuki
--All setae of epimera 1-3, if present, facial
Bathyporeiapus "Schellenberg
~
ExoediceJ:'oides
Schellenberg, 1931, lTIonotypy. '
Fig.looF
Bathyporeiapus Schellenberg, 1931: 154.
Type
species.
Bathyporeiapus
magellanicus
Diagnosis. Rostrum of moderate length, acute or
downtumed. Eyes bilateral, small. Article 3 of antenna 1
elongate, flagellar articles and armaments not diverse in
type, weakly so in one species. Accessory flagellum
346
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
'absent' . Cutting edge of mandible projecting and
weakly toothed; molar large, weakly ridged; palp article
3 short, clavate or sublinear. Inner plate of maxilla 1
lacking setae. Plates of maxilla 2 strongly distinct in size,
inner plate setose medially but without facial row of
setae. Dactyl of maxilliped unguiform and long.
Coxae 1-4 large, coxa 5 scarcely shorter than coxa 4.
Gnathopods diverse, [?not sexually dimorphic], feeble,
gnathopod 1 barely subchelate, carpus not lobate, much
longer than propodus, latter expanded, palm oblique,
gnathopod 2 much longer than gnathopod 1, simple,
slender, carpus not lobate, very elongate, propodus also
elongate; dactyl of gnathopod 2 vestigial to moderately
developed; palms without spine fields. Dactyls of
pereopods 3-4 vestigial or absent. Dactyl of pereopods
5-6 vestigial, of pereopod 7 multiarticulate; article 2 of
pereopod 7 broad but scarcely lobate posteroventrally.
Gill of pereopod 5 [?ordinary].
Epimera 1-2 with setae on margins, epimeron 3
naked. Extension of uropods 1-3 diverse; uropod 2
shortest; uropod 2 not exceeding end of peduncle
on uropod 3. Uropod 3 well developed, with 2
well-developed rami, peduncle longer than rami of
uropod 2.
Cutting edge of mandible projecting and well
toothed; molar medium, ridged; palp article 3 long,
weakly falcate. Inner plate of maxilla 1 bearing medial
setae. Plates of maxilla 2 not strongly distinct in size,
inner plate with facial row of setae. Dactyl of
maxilliped unguiform and long.
Coxae 1-4 large, coxa 5 not much shorter than coxa
4. Gnathopods alike, not sexually dimorphic, well
developed, subequal, subchelate, stout, carpus lobate,
propodus expanded, palms oblique, palms without
spine fields, but with several groups of long spines.
Dactyls of pereopods 3-6 absent. Article 2 of pereopod
7 broadly lobate posteroventrally. Gill of pereopod 5
ordinary.
Epimera 1-3 with many setae, setae facial and on
ventral margins. Extension of uropods 1-3 diverse;
uropod 2 shortest. Uropod 2 barely exceeding end of
peduncle on uropod 3. Uropod 3 well developed, with
2 well-developed rami, peduncle as long as rami of
uropod 2.
Additional characters. Outer plate of maxilla 1
Relationship. Differing from Exoediceros in the long
acute rostrum, diversity in size and armaments on the
primary flagellum of antenna 1, the long subfalcate
article 3 of the mandibular palp, lack of sexual
dimorphism in gnathopods, large gill of coxa 5, and thin
(versus stubby) spines on palms of gnathopods.
with 7-9 spines.
Relationship. Differing from Exoediceros and
Exoediceroides in the feeble diverse gnathopods, with
vestigial to moderate dactyl on gnathopod 2, lack of
setae on the inner plate of maxilla 1, lack of facial row
on the inner plate of maxilla 2, and the elongate article
3 of· antenna 1.
Species. Bathyporeiapus bisetosus Escofet, 1970,
1971 [753]; B. copacabana J.L. Bamard & Thomas, 1988
[751]; B. magellanicus Schellenberg, 1931 (Varela, 1983)
[8641; B. ruffoi Escofet, 1971 (= species, Ruffo, 1956b)
[751-753].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil to Magellan region, shallow water sands, 3
species.
Additional characters. Calceoli and aesthetascs
present in both sexes; peduncle of uropod 3 with
dorsal spines, rami flat and both spinose and setose.
Species. Exoediceroides latrans (Haswell, 1879b) (=
E. maximus Bousfield, 1983) [784]; E. maculosus (Sheard,
1936) (Bamard & Drummond, 1983) [784]; species,
Bamard & Drummond, 1983 [782].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, south-eastern
Australia and Tasmania, sand beaches, 0 m, 2 species.
Exoediceropsis Schellenberg
Fig.l00A
Exoediceropsis Schellenberg, 1931: 152.
Exoediceroides Bousfield
Exoediceroides Bousfield, 1983: 273.
Warreyus Bamard & Drummond, 1983: 65 (Exoediceros
maculosus Sheard, 1936, original designation).
Type species. Exoediceroides maximus Bousfield,
1983, original designation.
Diagnosis. Rostrum long, acute. Eyes absent,
bilateral. Article 3 of antenna 1 short, flagellar articles
and armaments diverse. Accessory flagellum present.
Type species. Exoediceropsis chiltoni Schellenberg,
1931, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Rostrum long, blunt. Eyes bilateral.
Article 3 of antenna 1 short, flagellar articles and
armaments diverse. absent. Accessory flagellum 'absent'.
Cutting edge of mandible projecting and well
toothed; molar feeble, simple, conical, with apical spine;
palp article 3 short, falcate. Inner plate of maxilla 1
lacking setae. Plates of maxilla 2 not strongly distinct in
size, inner plate without facial row of setae. Dactyl of
maxilliped unguiform. and .long.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Coxae 1-4 very large, [?coxa 5 not much shorter
than coxa
Gnathopods alike, [?not sexually dimorphic,
male unknown], feeble, subchelate, slender, carpus
elongate, not lobate, propodus barely expanded, palms
scarcely oblique, short, dactyls short, palms without spine
fields. Dactyls of pereopods 3-4 absent. Dactyls of
pereopods 5-7 vestigial. Article 2 of pereopod 7
broadly lobate posteroventrally. Gill of pereopod 5
[?ordinary] .
Epimera 1-3 with many setae on margins. Extension of
uropods 1-3 diverse; uropod 2 shortest. Uropod 2
exceeding end of peduncle on uropod 3. Uropod 3
slightly reduced, with 2 well developed rami,
peduncle shorter than rami of uropod 2.
Additional characters. Coxa 4 with sharp
posteroventral tooth; article 4 of gnathopods with
tooth.
Relationship. Characterised by the feeble,
unridged molar and large sharp lobe of coxa 4.
Species. Exoediceropsis chiltoni Schellenberg, 1931
[860].
347
Epimeron 3 without setae, on epimera 2-3 setae
both facial and .ventral. Extension of uropods 1-3
diverse; uropod 2 shortest. Uropod 2 exceeding end of
peduncle on uropod 3. Uropod 3 slightly reduced,
with 2 ovatolinguiform, well-setose rami, peduncle as
long as rami of uropod 2.
Additional characters. Calceoli and aesthetascs
present in both sexes; peduncle of uropod 3 with
dorsal subapical spines; rami flat and expanded, setose
in both sexes.
Species. Exoediceros fossor (Stimpson, 1856a)
(Bate, 1862) (= E. arenicola Haswell, 1879b) (Haswell,
1882) (Stebbing, 1910a) (Bamard & Drummond, 1982a,
1983) [784].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, south-eastern
Australia and Tasmania, shallow sands, 1 species.
Kanaloa J.L. Barnard
Fig.100J
Habitat and distribution. Marine, middle Argentina,
95-113 m, 1 species.
Exoediceros Stebbing
Exoediceros Stebbing, 1899a: 208.-Stebbing, 1906: 239.Bamard & Drummond, 1982a: 611.
Type species. Oedicerus fossor Stimpson, 1855,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Rostrum short, blunt. Eyes bilateral.
Article 3 of antenna 1 short, flagellar articles and
armaments uniform. Accessory flagellum present.
Cutting edge of mandible .projecting and well toothed;
molar large, ridged, setulose; palp article 3 short, stout,
clavate. Inner plate of maxilla 1 fully setose medially.
Plates of maxilla 2 strongly distinct in size, outer
broad, inner plate with facial row of setae. Dactyl of
maxilliped unguiform and long.
Coxae 1-4 large, coxa 5 not shorter than coxa 4.
Gnathopods alike, sexually dimorphic, well developed
in male, feeble· in female, subequal, subchelate,
propodus moderately stout in male, slightly expanded,
palms oblique, with spine fields, carpus with sharp small
posterior lobe projecting weakly distalwards, mostly at
right angles, not especially guarding propodus; female
propodus smaller than in male, carpus relatively
longer, lobes weaker, broader and- blunter, palrns
without spine fields. Dactyls of pereopods 3-4 vestigial.
Dactyls of pereopods 5~6 very small. Article 2 of
pereopod 7 narrowly rectangular, scarcely lobate
posteroventrally. Gill of pereopod ·5 vestigial.
Kanaloa J.L. Bamard, 1970a: 224.
Type species. Kanaloa manoa J.L. Barnard, 1970a,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Rostrum short, blunt. Eyes appressed
dorsally. Article 3 of antenna 1 elongate, flagellar
articles and armaments uniform. Accessory flagellum
[?absent]. Cutting edge of mandible scarcely projecting
and poorly toothed; molar large, ridged; palp article 3
long, falcate. Inner plate of maxilla 1 fully setose
medially. Plates of maxilla 2 distinct in size, inner plate
with facial row of setae. Dactyl of maxilliped short and
stubby.
Coxae 1-4 large, coxa 5, much shorter than coxa 4.
'Gnathopods alike, [?not sexually dimotphic, male
unknown], feeble, subequal, subchelate, slender,
carpus not lobate, propodus not expanded, palms
transverse, gnathopod 2 not much longer than
gnathopod 1, palm of gnathopod 2 densely spinose.
Dactyls of pereopods 3~6 well developed. Article 2 of
pereopod 7 broadly lobate· posteroventrally. Gill of
pereopod 5 [?ordinary].
Epimera 1-3 without many setae, all setae on
margins. Extension of uropods 1-3 equal; uropod2
shortest. Uropod 2 fully exceeding end of peduncle
on uropod 3. Uropod 3 well developed, with 2
well.. developed rami, peduncle as long as rami of
uropod 2.
Additional characters. Coxa 1 slightly expanded
apically; coxa 4 strongly excavate posteriorly; outer
ramus of uropods 1-2 shortened; epimera 1-3 with
smallposteroventral tooth.
of the Australian Museum
Supplement 13
1)
and
in
transverse palms
the
gnathopods, the strongly excavate coxa 4 and the
equally extending uropods
212.
Species. Kanaloa manoa J.L. Bamard, 1970a, 1971a
(Ledoyer, 1978b, 1979a, 1986) [600].
Type
original designation.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Hawaii to
Madagascar and Mauritius, 5-30 m, 1 species.
Diagnosis. Rostrum short, acute. Eyes bilateral. Article
3 of antenna 1 slightly elongate, flagellar articles and
armaments uniform. Accessory flagellum [?absent].
Cutting edge of mandible projecting and toothed; molar
large, ridged, palp article 3 long, weakly falcate. Inner
plate of maxilla 1 bearing few apical and medial setae.
Plates of maxilla 2 not strongly distinct in size, inner
plate without facial row of setae. Dactyl of maxilliped
unguiform and short.
Coxae 1-4 medium, coxa 5 not much shorter than
coxa 4. Gnathopods alike, strongly diverse, sexually
dimorphic, well developed in male, feeble in female
and weakly diverse, subequal, subchelate, slender
in female, stout in male, carpus of gnathopod 1
scarcely lobate, propodus expanded, palm oblique,
gnathopod 2 much larger than gnathopod 1, carpus
with subsharp strong posterior lobe projecting
distalwards at right angles, dactyls well developed;
female gnathopods feeble, carpus as long as
propodus, with moderate lobes, palms weakly
oblique; palms without spine fields. Dactyls of
pereopods 3-6 well developed. Article 20f pereopod 7
scarcely lobate posteroventrally. Gill of pereopod 5
[?ordinary].
Epimera 1-3 with few setae. Extension of uropods 13 diverse; uropod 3 shortest. Uropod 2 [?exceeding
end of peduncle on uropod 3]. Uropod 3 slightly
reduced, with 2 slightly reduced rami, peduncle as long
as rami of uropod 2.
Methalimedon Schellenberg
Methalimedon Schellenberg, 1931: 150.
Typ~
species.
M ethalimedon
Schellenberg, 1931, monotypy.
nordenskjoldi
Diagnosis. Rostrum short, acute. Eyes coalesced
dorsally. Article 3 of antenna 1 short, flagellar articles and
armaments uniform. Accessory flagellum [?absent].
Cutting edge of mandible projecting and well toothed;
molar large, ridged; palp article 3 short, thin, poorly
setose, not falcate. Inner plate of maxilla 1 fully setose
medially. Plates of maxilla 2 not strongly distinct in size,
inner plate with facial row of setae. Dactyl of maxilliped
unguiform and long.
Coxae 1-4 large, coxa 5 [?shorter than coxa 4].
Gnathopods alike, [?not sexually dimorphic, male
unknown], feeble, subequal, subchelate, slender, carpus
not lobate, propodus not expanded, palms oblique,
dactyls well developed; palms without spine fields.
Dactyls of pereopods 3-6 well developed. Article 2 of
pereopod 7 broadly lobate posteroventrally. Gill of
pereopod 5[?ordinary].
Epimera 1~3 with several setae on margins.
Extension of uropods 1-3 diverse; uropod 2 shortest.
Uropod 2 not [?barelyexceeding end of peduncle
on uropod 3]. Uropod 3 well developed, exceeding
uropod 2, with 2 well-developed rami, peduncle longer
than, rami of· uropod 2.
Additional characters. Palp of maxilliped barely
exceeding outer plate; coxa 1 apically expanded.
Relati~nship. Differing from Bathyporeiapus in the
well setose inner .plates of maxillae 1~ 2, large dactyIs of
pereopods 3-6, feeble article 3 of the mandibular palp,
huge eyes, and expanded coxa 1.
1968,
Additional characters. Coxa 1 expanded apically;
pereopods 3-4 slender, poorly setose; epimera 1-3 with
small posteroventral tooth.
Relationship. Differing from Exoediceros and
Exoediceroides in the poorly setose epimera 1-3
bearing posteroventral tooth, lanceolate rami on
uropod 3, slender and poorly setose pereopods 3.:.4,
and expanded coxa 1. From Methalimedon in the
bilateral eyes, lobate carpus of female gnathopods, and
subfalcate article 3 of mandibular palp. From
Bathyporeiapus in slightly lobate carpus of female
gnathopods, and well-developed dactyls of pereopods
3-6. From Parhalimedon in the much shorter coxae
aIld short ur()pod 3.
Species. Methalimedon nordenskjoldi Schellenberg,
1931 (K.H. Bamard, 1932) (Nicholls, 1938) (BellanSantini, 1972) (Thurston, 1974a,b) [875].
Species. Metoediceropsis dadoensis Dang, 1968
[653].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica and
South Georgia, 5-310 m, 1 species.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, North Vietnam,
Da Do, Chai Fonga, ?brackish, 1 species.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Metoediceros
Metoediceros
157.
Metoediceros
Schellenberg,
1931, monotypy.
Diagnosis.. Rostrum short, blunt. Eyes bilateral.
Article 3 of antenna 1 elongate, flagellar articles and
armaments uniform. Accessory flagellum 'absent' .
Cutting edge of mandible projecting and well
toothed; molar large, ridged, palp absent. Inner plate
of maxilla 1 bearing few apical setae. Plates of maxilla
2 not strongly distinct in size, inner plate without
facial row of setae. Dactyl of maxilliped unguiform and
long.
Coxae 1-4 very large, coxa 5 shorter than coxa 4.
Gnathopods alike, sexually dimorphic, well developed
in male, feeble in female, subequal, gnathopods in male
subchelate, moderately stout, carpus not lobate,
propodus expanded, palms oblique, in female slender,
usually gnathopod.2 much more slender, carpus only of
gnathopod 2 with blunt small posterior lobe, dactyls
well developed; male palms with spine fields. Dactyls
of pereopods 3-6 vestigial. Article 2 of pereopod 7
broadly lobate posteroventrally. Gill of pereopod 5
[?ordinary].
Epimera 1-3 with setae, on margins. Extension of
uropods 1-3 diverse; uropod 3 shortest. Uropod 2 fully
exceeding end of peduncle on uropod 3. Uropod 3
vestigial, without rami.
Additional characters. Calceoli present in male;
inner lobes of lower lip poorly developed.
Relationship.. Characterised by the vestigial
uropod 3.
Species.. Metoediceros fuegiensis Schellenberg, 1931
[864E].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, Magellan
area, Punta Arenas, "gray green brackish water", 1
species.
349
armaments uniform. Accessory flagellum present.
Cutting edge
mandible scarcely projecting and well
toothed; molar large, ridged, setulose; palp article 3
short, weakly falcate. Inner plate of maxilla 1 fully
setose medially.. Plates of maxilla 2 not strongly
distinct in size, inner plate with facial row of setae.
Dactyl of maxilliped unguiform and long.
Coxae 1-3 medium, coxa 4 large, coxa 5 not much
shorter than coxa 4. Gnathopods alike, sexually
dimorphic, feeble, subequal, subchelate, moderately
stout in male, carpus not lobate, propodusslightly
expanded, palms oblique, with spine fields in. male,
gnathopod 2 not much longer than gnathopod 1, female
propodus smaller than in male, carpus relatively
longer, palms without spine fields. Dactyls of
pereopods 3-4 absent. Dactyls of pereopods 5~6
vestigial. Article 2 of pereopod 7 broadly trapezoidal,
not lobate posteroventrally. Gill of pereopod 5
ordinary.
Epimera 1-3 with few setae, most setae facial.
Extension of uropods 1-3 diverse; uropod 3 shortest.
Uropod 2 fully exceeding end. of peduncle on uropod
3. Uropod 3 poorly developed, with 1 reduced ramus,
peduncle shorter than rami of uropod 2.
Additional characters. Calceoli and aesthetasGs
absent; many spines on outer plate of maxilla 1 basally
bent, 3 of the 11 spines very small (versus Exoedic~ros);
gills bilobate.
Relationship. Differing from Exoediceros and
Exoediceroides in the absence of calceoli and
aesthetascs, odd spines of outer plate on maxilla 1, nonlobate carpus of the gnathopods, large gill of coxa 5, and
loss of inner rarpus on uropod 3.
See Metoediceros.
Species. Notoediceros tasmaniensis Bousfield, 1983
(Bamard & Drummond, 1984) [783EFK].
Habitat and distribution. Marine and ?freshwater,
Tasmania, brackish pools and streams of intertidal
zone, 1 species.
ParhalimedonChevreux
Parhalimedon Chevreux, 1906b: 76.
Notoediceros Bousfield
Notoediceros Bousfield, 1983: 273.-Barnard & Drummond,
1984: 26.
Type species. Notoediceros tasmaniensis Bousfield,
1983, original designation.
Diagnosis. Rostrum short, blunt. Eyes bilateral.
Article 3 of antenna 1 short, flagellar articles and
Type species. Parhalimedon turqueti Chevreux, 1906b,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Rostrum short, blunt. Eyes [? absent].
Article 3 of antenna 1 elongate, flagellar articles and
armaments uniform. -Accessory flagellum [?absent].
Cutting edge of mandible projecting and well toothed;
molar large, ridged, palp article 3 short, falcate. Inner
plate of maxilla~ 1 fully setose medially. Plates of
maxilla 2 not strongly distinct in size, inner plate with
350
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
facial row of setae. Dactyl of maxilliped unguiform and
long.
Coxae 1-4 very large, coxa 5 much shorter than coxa
4. Gnathopods diverse, [?not sexually dimorphic, male
unknown]; feeble, slender, carpus scarcely lobate,
propodus not expanded, palms oblique, gnathopod 2
longer than gnathopod 1, dactyls well developed; palms
without spine fields. Dactyls of pereopods 3-6 well
developed. Article 2 of pereopod 7 constricted
posteroventrally. Gill of pereopod 5 [?ordinary].
Epimera 1-3 with few setae, Extension of uropods 13 diverse; uropod 2 shortest. Uropod 2 barely reaching
end of peduncle on uropod 3. Uropod 3 hugely
developed, with 2 large rami, peduncle longer than rami
of uropod 2.
Additional character. Outer rami of uropods 1-2
shortened.
Relationship. Characterised by the huge uropod 3;
this may however go missing in preserved
specimens.
Differing from Bathyporeiapus in the well-developed
dactyls of pereopods 3-6, and well setose inner plate of
maxilla 1. From Methalimedon in the falcate article 3 of
the mandibular palp, and constricted article 2 of
pereopod 7. From Exoediceropsis in the constricted
article 2 of pereopod 7, poorly setose toothed epimera,
and lack of tooth on article 4 of the gnathopods. From
Patuki in the large uropod 3, constricted article 2 of
pereopod 7 and well-developed dactyls of pereopods
3-4. From Exoediceros, Exoediceroides and Notoediceros
in the elongate article 3 of antenna 1 and points on the
epimera. From females of Metoediceropsis in the
constricted article 2 of pereopod 7, well-setose
pereopods 3-4, and huge coxae. From Kanaloa in the
oblique palms of the gnathopods, non-excavate coxa 4
and diversely extending uropods.
Like Halicreion, in the Oedicerotidae in the huge
uropod 3. Differing from Halicreion in the feeble
gnathopods with elongate and unlobate carpus, in the lack
of a significant rostrum, and the strong setosity on' the
inner plates of maxillae 1-2.
Species. Parhalimedon tropicalis J.L. Bamard, 1961a
[631]; P. turqueti Chevreux, 1906b (Schellenberg, 1931)
(Thurston, 1974b) [880].
Fincham, 1974, original designation.
Diagnosis. Rostrum short, subacute. Eyes
appressed dorsally. Article 3 of antenna 1 elongate,
flagellar articles and armaments uniform. Accessory
flagellum present. Cutting edge of mandible projecting
and well toothed; molar large, ridged, palp article 3
short, stout, clavate. Inner plate of maxilla 1 fully setose
medially. Plates of maxilla 2 not strongly distinct in
size, inner plate with facial row of setae. Dactyl of
maxilliped unguiform and long.
Coxae 1-4 very large, coxa 5 not much shorter than
coxa 4. Gnathopods alike, slightly dimorphic
sexually, feeble, subequal, subchelate, carpus
weakly lobate, propodus weakly expanded, palms
oblique or transverse, palms without spine fields but
with several elongate spines at defining corners.
Dactyls of pereopods 3-4 absent. Dactyls of
pereopods 5-6 small. Article 2 of pereopod 7 broad but
not lobate posteroventrally. Gill of pereopod 5
[?ordinary].
Epimera 1-3 with many setae, mostly on margins.
Extension of uropods 1-3 diverse; uropod 3 shortest.
Uropod 2 fully exceeding end of peduncle on uropod
3. Uropod 3 reduced, with 2 slightly reduced rami,
peduncle shorter than rami of uropod 2.
Additional characters. [?Calceoli] and aesthetascs
present [? in both sexes]; peduncle of uropod 3 lacking
subapical spines; rami slender, lanceolate, sharp, with
spines but no setae.
Sexual dimorphism. Males with lesser armament
and more oblique palms on the gnathopods (P. roperi).
Variables. Palms of gnathopods oblique (type),
transverse (female of P. roperi).
Relationship. Characterised by the many marginal
setae on the epimera. Differing also from Exoediceros
and Exoediceroides in the short uropod 3, lack of
subapical dorsal spines on the peduncle of uropod 3,
and the lack of long setae on the rami.
Species. Patuki breviuropodus Cooper & Fincham,
1974 [776]; P. roperi Fenwick, 1983 [774].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, New Zealand, 0-
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica 5-50 m
6 m, 2 species.
and Coral Sea, 230 m, 2 species.
GAMMARELLIDAE Bousfield, 1977
PatukiCooper & Fincham
[see Bamard & Bamard (1983)]
Fig.69B
GAMMARIDA and G.AMMARIDAE
Patuki Cooper & Fincham, 1974: 173.
Type
species.
Patuki
breviuropodus
Leach, 1814b
Cooper
&
[see Bamard & Bamard (1983)]
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
GAMMAROIDEA Leach, 1814
351
Relationship. The Oedicerotidae also have fossorial
pereopods but pereopod 5 is poorly spinose facially,
pereopod 7 is very elongate and bears a long, setose
dactyl; except for one genus with vestigial uropod 3,
oedicerotids have an elongate peduncle on uropod 3,
and the rami are elongate and I-articulate;
haustorioids with I-articulate outer ramus of uropod 3
have short rami and short peduncle.
Some platyischnopids within the Haustorioidea have
elongate pereopod 7 but the outer ramus of uropod 3
has 2 articles and the distinctly cylindroid head in all but
one genus has special apical denticular armaments
formed in an equatorial circle.
For the sake of convenience the Carangoliopsidae
are discussed here but they are in reality a member
of Gammarida as evidenced by the basofacial spine on
the peduncle of uropod 1. The Pontoporeiidae are
also placed within the keys to follow but are
considered to be part of the Gammarida and are to be
found in Bamard & Bamard (1983).
[see Bamard & Bamard (1983)]
GAMMAROPOREIIDAE Bousfield, 1979
[see Bamard & Bamard (1983)]
HADZIIDAE S. Karaman, 1943
[see Bamard & Bamard (1983)]
HAUSTORIOIDEA Stebbing, 1906
Diagnosis. Antennae and pereopods fossorial, thus
antennae and pereopod 5 with facial spines or
pereopod 5 occasionally narrowed and heavy spines
mostly marginal.
Keys to Families of Haustorioidea
Key 1 to Families of Haustorioidea
1.
Rostrum cylindrical
2
- - Rostrum not cylindrical or absent
2.
5
Article 5 of pereopods 3-4
strongly produced
posteriorly, peduncles of pleopods wider than long or
as wide as long
- - Article 5 of pereopods 3-4 unproduced
peduncles of pleopods longer than wide
3.
Condukiidae
posteriorly,
3
Article 2 of pereopod 7 subcircular, like pereopod 6,
teeth of incisor well developed and subsharp, molar
evanescent
Cheidae
- - Article 2 of pereopod 7 shield-shaped, teeth of incisor
evanescent, molar simple but moderately large
4
4.
Molar large, pereopod 7 not typical of phoxocephalids,
pereopod 5 elongate
- - Molar
evanescent,
pereopod
phoxocephalids, pereopod 5 short
5.
Head
with
sharp
projecting downward
or
7
plaque like
typical
Platyischnopidae
of
(Leptophoxus) Phoxocephalidae
ventral
cheek
6
- - Head lacking sharp or defined ventral cheek pointing
downward, often with sharp projection on small cheek
pointing forward
0••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
8
352
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
6.
Mandibular molars large and pubescent, incisors broad
and almost toothed, peduncles of pleopods less than
, , "
1.6 length x width
1IJanemlOae, Urothoidae (part)
--- Mandibular molars triturative or not, but not large nor
pubescent, incisors broad but 3+ toothed, (except
Leptophoxus), peduncles of pleopods longer than wide
7.
~
Flat rostrum present though often tiny, coxae large
and overlapping, article 2 of pereopod 7 shield~shaped,
article 3 of antenna 1 less than one third as long as
article 1 ......................................•...... ~
~
7
Phoxocephalidae
-------- Rostrum absent, coxae tiny and disjunct, article 2 of
pereopod 7 subrectangular, article 3 of antenna 1 more
than two thirds as long as article 1 (uropod 1 with
basofacial spine)
(in Gammarida) Carangoliopsidae
8.
Pereopod 7 of characteristic phoxocephalid form
Couplet 4
---- Pereopod 7 not of phoxocephalid form
9.
9
Rami of uropod 1 styliform and either naked,
or rami absent; palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate
spinose,
10
- - Rami of uropod 1 linguiform and setose, palp of
maxilla 1 I-articulate (except H uarpe)
16
10. Rami of uropod 2 linguiform and setose, palp of
maxilliped 3-articulate
Haustoriidae
--Rami of uropod 2 rod-like and spinose or rami absent,
palp of maxilliped 4-articulate
11
11. Antennae of haustoriid form, thus article 1 of antenna
1 short, article. 4 of antenna 2 broadly expanded
Phoxocephalopsidae
--Antennae of urothoid form, (article 1 of antenna 1
usually elongate, except Cardenio, Zaramilla) , article 4
of antenna 2 poorly expanded
12
12. Cephalic cheek strong (Fig.67D)
Ipanemidae, Urothoidae
- - Cephalic cheek weak or absent
.'
13. Rostrum about one third of head length,
evanescent
molar
Cheidae
- - Rostrum vestigial, molar well developed
14. Uropod 3
2-articulate
vari- or
parviramous,
13
14
outer
ramus
- - Uropod 3 magniramous, outer ramus I-articulate
Pontoporeiidae
15
15. Pereopod 7 of phoxocephalid form"shorter than
pereopod 6, with broad, shield-shaped article 2
and short thin articles 3-7, telson short
Pontoporeiidae
- - Pereopod 7 as long as pereopod 6, article 2 shieldshaped but articles 4-6 long, articles 4-5 broad, telson
elongate
Cardenioidae
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
16. Gnathopod 1 simple
Urohaustoriidae
- - Gnathopod 1 subchelate
17
17. Palp of maxilliped with 4 articles
Zobrachoidae
- - Palp of maxilliped with 3 articles
Haustoriidae
Key 2 to Families of Haustorioidea
1.
Uropod 1 lacking rami
Cunicus in Urothoidae
--Uropod 1 bearing 1-2 rami
2
2.
3
Uropod 2 with linguiform rami bearing long setae
--Rami of uropod 2 styliform or rod-like and spinose or
naked, rarely with 1 seta on each ramus
3.
Antenna 1 of
1-2 slender
urothoe form,
spine group,
incision
urothoe form, thus geniculate and articles
or article 3 as long as 2, antenna 2 of
thus article 4 lacking disjunct basofacial
head with cheek in place of antennal
Urothoidae (part)
- - Antenna 1 of haustorius form, not geniculate, either
article 2 shorter than 1 or 3 shorter than 2, also either
articles 1 or 2 stout, antenna 2 of haustorius form, thus
article 4 with disjunct group(s) of basofacial spines or
setae, head lacking cheek or with antennal incision
4.
Spines absent on rami of uropod 1, only setae present
--Spines (and often setae) present on rami of uropod 1
5.
Dactyl of maxilliped well developed, setae on second
uropod 5 or fewer,
dactyl of pereopod 5 (and
pereopods 3-7 generally) larger than adjacent spines
- - Dactyl of maxilliped vestigial or absent, setae on second '
uropod 2 5 or more, dactyl of pereopod 5 (and
pereopods 3-7 generally) smaller than adjacent spines
(seemingly absent)
7.
~
4
5
6
Gnathopod 1 subchelate, epimeron 1 well developed
.
..................................................... (see Key 1, last couplet) (and Eohaustorius) Zobrachoidae
- - Gnathopod 1 simple, epimeron 1 vestigial
6.
7
Rostrum cylindrical
--Rostrum flat, thorn-like or absent
,
Urohaustoriidae
Phoxocephalopsidae
Haustoriidae
8
10
353
354
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
8.
Inner ramus of uropod 3 absent,
pereopods 3-4 grossly lobate
article 5 of
- - Inner ramus of uropod 3 present,
pereopods 3-4 ordinary
article 5 of
9.
Condukiidae
9
Molar evanescent, pereopod 5 very short, pereopod 7
of phoxocephalid form
- - Molar large, pereopod 5 long,
phoxocephalid form
10. Pereopod 7 shorter than
phoxocephalid form
(Leptophoxus) Phoxocephalidae
pereopod 7 not of
Platyischnopidae
pereopod 6,
or of typical
,
11
- - Pereopod 7 as long as pereopod 6
15
11. Article 4 of antenna 2 not spinose facially
12
- - Article 4 of antenna 2 spinose on outer or anterior
face, spines sometimes like opals
13
12. Rostrum vestigial, molar large
Pontoporeiidae
- - Rostrum huge, molar vestigial
Phoxocephalidae
13. Molar triturative or simple, article 4 of antenna 2 with
disjunct group(s) of basofacial spines
14
- - Molar very large, smooth and pubescent, antenna 2
with all spines in single apical or anterior group
(Urothoides) Urothoidae
14. Article 2 of pereopod 7 shield-shaped
- - Article 2 of pereopod 7 subcircular, like pereopod 6
15. Molar very large, smooth and pubescent
- - Molar otherwise
16. Coxae tiny and disjunct
- - Some coxae large and overlapping
Phoxocephalidae
Cheidae
Ipanemidae, Urothoidae
16
Carangoliopsidae
17
17. Inner ramus of uropod 3 absent, basal setation on
pleopod 2 dense, absent on pleopods 1 and 3, article
5 on pereopods 3-4 grossly lobate
Condukiidae
- - Inner ramus of uropod 3 present, basal setation on
pleopod·· 2 not grossly distinctive, article 5 of
pereopods 3-4 not lobate
18
18. Uropod 2 reduced, rostrum huge, incisors sharply
multidentate, gnathopods 1-2 chelate, (palp article 3 of
mandible with bevelled apex, setal dominance on
bevel)
Cheidae
--Uropod 2 ordinary, rostrum small, incisors scarcely
dentate, gnathopods 1-2 subchelate or simple, palp
article 3 of mandible variable
19
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
19.
Coxae 1-2 tiny and hidden by large coxae 3-4
1panemidae
- - Coxae 1-2, though small, visible and only partly hidden
20.
~
20
Article 4 of antenna 2 strongly expanded, small rostrum
flat, palp of maxilla 1 stunted, peduncles of pleopods as
short as broad
Phoxocephalopsidae
- - Article 4 of antenna 2 evenly narrow, vestigial rostrum
thick dorsoventrally, palp of maxilla 1 ordinary,
.
peduncles of pleopods much longer than broad
..............................
.. (see Key 1 couplet 15) Cardenioidae, Pontoporeiidae
Key 3 to Families of Haustorioidea
1.
Coxae tiny and disjunct
Carangoliopsidae
- - Coxae large and overlapping
2.
2
Apex of mandibular palp article 3 pointed, setal
dominance concentrated on inner edge (normal D-E
dominance)
'
"Pontoporeiidae
- - Apex of mandibular' palp article 3 bevelled or truncate,
setal dominance concentrated on bevel or on outer
margin as A-B groups
- - Apex of mandibularpalp article 3 not bevelled,
forming fan around apex and sides of article 3
3.
3
setae
10
Pereopod 7 unlike pereopod 6, article 2 shield-like
4
- - Pereopod 7 like pereopod 6, article 2 ovate or circular
8
4.
Rostrum cylindrical
(also see Leptophoxus) Platyischnopidae
- - Rostrum flat or absent
5.
Mandibular molar huge, unridged, pubescent,
cheek
5
head with
(Urothoides) Urothoidae
- - Mandibular molar triturative or small and simple, spinose,
head with antennal incision
6.
Pereopod 7 subequal to pereopod 6 in length, (and see
Key 1, couplet 14 for Cheidae, and Key 1 couplet 15
for Cardenioidae)
- - Pereopod 7 much shorter than pereopod 6 or of typical
phoxocephalid form
7.
6
Mandibular palp article 3 linear, apically bevelled, all
apical setae concentrated on bevel, otherwise with few
strongly basolateral A-B setae
- - Mandibular palp article 3 otherwise
Pontoporeiidae
,
7
Phoxocephalidae
Pontoporeiidae
355
356
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 grossly lobate, urosomite
1 with huge ventral tooth, pleopod 2 heavily setose
basally, pleopods 1 and 3 not, antenna 2 lacking spines
Condukiidae
- - Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 nonlobate, urosomite 1
with small or no tooth ventrally, pleopods 1-3 with
basal
uniform or minor, antenna 2 with spines
9
8.
9.
Mandibular incisor well toothed, molar vestigial, article
4 of antenna 2 with basofacial disjunct spine group(s)
Cheidae
- - Mandibular incisor poorly toothed, molar huge and
pubescent, article 4 of antenna 2 with all spines in one
apical group
Urothoidae
- - Mandibular incisor poorly toothed, molar ordinary and
triturative, article 4 of antenna 2 bearing only setae,
no spines
Pontoporeiidae
10. Rami of uropod 1 absent
- '-Rami of uropod 1 present
(Cunicus) Urothoidae
~
11
11. Rami of uropod 1 lacking'spines, only setose, always
~
linguiform
12
--Rami of uropod 1 bearing spines
setae) or naked and' styliform
14
(and occasional
~
,
12. Gnathopod 1 simple
Urohaustoriidae
- - Gnathopod 1 subchelate
13
13. Palp of maxilliped with 4 articles
Zobrachoidae
- - Palp of maxilliped with 3 articles
(Eohaustorius) Haustoriidae
14. Article 4 of antenna 2 lacking basal' disjunct spine
group, molar huge and pubescent
Ipanemidae, Urothoidae (part)
- - Article 4 of antenna 2 with basofacial disjunct spine
group(s), molar medium to absent, triturative, simple or
~ .............................................................•.................... ~
spinose
- - Article 4 of antenna 2 lacking basal disjunct spine
group, molar ordinary, triturative
Ipanemidae~
15
Pontoporeiidae
15. Rami of uropod 2 with 20+ setae, lacking spines,
dactyI of maxilliped vestigial. or absent, inner plate of
maxilla 1 densely setose medially
Haustoriidae
- - Rami of uropod 2 with . 0-5 setae, also spinose or
naked, dactyl of maxilliped well developed, inner plate
of maxilla 1 sparsely setose, apically only
16
16. Article 2 of antenna 1 setose, articles. 4-5 of antenna 2
broad, spines small, in ranks, coxae 1-2 not hidden
- - Article 2 of antenna 1 spinose, articles 4-5 of antenna
2 slender, in lines, coxae 1-2 tiny,hidden
~
Phoxocephalopsidae
~
Ipanemidae
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean
HAUSTORIIDAE
1906
Diagnosis. Rostrum moderate to
head
cheek poorly developed. Antenna 1 of haustorius
form, article 1 short, articles 2-3 progressively
weakly geniculate or not; primary flagellum elongate,
accessory flagellum short. Antenna 2 of haustorius form,
article 4 expanded, article 5 shorter and narrower than
article 4, these articles furnished with 1 or more rows
of longitudinal facial ornaments, ventral margin of
article 4 with at least 3 kinds of setae: (1) elongate
plumes, (2) shorter and stiffer glassy spines set in
tandem, and (3) bulbar based penicillate setules;
flagellum scarcely longer than article 4 of peduncle.
Prebuccal complex massive, upper lip dominant,
epistome scarcely distinct. Mandibles bearing stubby,
poorly toothed incisors; laciniae mobiles present on
both sides and weakly unlike each other; rakers
poorly serrate, numerous to few; molar large and very
weakly triturative, usually fuzzy, often furnished with
accessory chopper in form of articulate multifid
spine; palp 3-articulate, article 3 not bevelled, with
numerous outer setae, no setae of palp article 3
awned, apical group with mostly simple setae but
proximal members bilaterally serrate, distinctive and
disjunct set of inner basal, short and bilaterally
serrate spines also present. Lower lip with discrete
inner lobes, mandibular extensions of outer lobes
absent; mandibular palp article 3 with apical and
subapical setal fan, apex not bevelled. Maxilla 1 with
2-articulate palp, inner plate usually triangular but
always evenly and densely setose medially, lacking
any lateral setae; baler lobes often present. Maxilla 2
usually with outer plate significantly enlarged,
inner plate with fully developed medial row of
setae. Maxilliped with expanded bases bearing
baler lobes (usually), otherwise maxilliped with
normally enlarged plates, outer spinose; palp
3-articulate, article 3 usually geniculate, article 2
expanded.
Coxae 1-4 evenly integrated by stepped enlargement
from coxa 1 onwards, coxa 4 dominant, coxa 1 not
extremely small, coxae 3-4 more or less weakly
produced posteroventrally. Coxal gills on segments 2-6,
brood plates slightly to moderately broadened.
Gnathopods feeble, grossly alike in proportions, carpus
elongate, but gnathopod 1 simple (dactyl with nail =
unusual); gnathopod 2 minutely parachelate; article 3
short. Article 50f pereopods 3-4 broad and deeply
lobate, with thick posterior or facial spines; dactyls of
pereopods 3-7 vestigial, represented by tiny bulb
bearing plusetule; pereopod 5 of haustorius form,
articles 2,4,and 5 expanded,articles 4-5 with
extensive facial rows of spines; pereopods 6-7 not
alike but not of phoxocephalid form; article 4 on
pereopod 6 immensely dominant, article 2
subrectangular; article 2 on pereopod 7 immensely
dominant, subcircular, articles 4-5 expanded, but
together not as large as article 4 of pereopod 6;
357
6-7
with
articulation. Peduncles of pleopods not
than
inner rami not. or
pleopod 2 not inferior; coupling hooks paired on
each pleopod, inner rami lacking clothespin hooks.
Epimeron 1 well developed; epimeron 3 dominant in
cuspidation or setation. Urosome
urosomite 1 often becoming
ventrally, and apicoventrally toothed. Rami of uropod
1 clavate or rod-like or weakly styliform, spinose;
rami of uropod 2 linguiform or grossly rod-like,
setose; uropod 3 with rod-like rami, outer ramus
weakly dominant, 2-articulate, article 2 elongate, inner
and outer rami and article 1 of outer ramus apically
multi-armed. Telson very short, broad, cleft gaping,
base often constricted.
Relationship. Haustoriids can be developed
evolutionarily from a position antecedent both to the
Zobrachoidae-Urohaustoriidae cluster and to the
Phoxocephalopsidae. Haustoriids retain the primitive
epimeral condition of most amphipods ·in that epimeron
3 is dominant, whereas the other groups mentioned
have epimeron 2 dominant. Haustoriids also maintain,
like Phoxocephalopsidae, the plesiomorphic uropod 1
bearing rod-styliform rami with spines, quite unlike
the linguiform-setose rami of ZobrachoidaeUrohaustoriidae, which are very unusual and
presumably apomorphic. The rami of uropod 2,
however, are linguiform but the setae are far more
numerous and not as regularly positioned as in the
austral groups. Uropod 3 is distinctive and
somewhat reminiscent of certain Eurasian freshwater
gammarids.
The presence of baler lobes is a specialisation
superimposed on what otherwise are primitive
maxillae in terms of medial setation; but the
maxillipeds have progressed greatly through loss of
the dactyl and geniculate substitution by article 3 of
dactylar functions. Haustoriids retain many rakers in
primitive forms, though several apomorphic genera
show decline in numbers, as in Urohaustoriidae.
The presence of a special inner proximal row of
spines on palp article 3 may be a carryover from
the primitivegammarid condition; these do not occur in
other haustorioids as far as known.
Gnathopods are very similar to those of
Urohaustoriidae but lack surficial button combs on the
faces of article 5 (observation new). The dactyl of
gnathopod 1 bears a nail, a unique feature. All
pereopodal dactyls are truly vestigial (e.g., as small as
can be imagined and be observable). Article 5 of
pereopods 3-4 is grossly lobate. Pereopods 6-7 are of
quite distinctive morphology in comparison with
zobrachoids and urohaustoriids. The pleopods differ in
several ways from those in austral taxa.
The key to genera develops
relationships within the family.
the
generic
358
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Key to Genera of Haustoriidae
1.
Pereopod 4 smaller and unlike pereopod 3, reversed
in orientation, inner plate of maxilla 1 with 1 seta
- - Pereopods 3-4 similar and alike in orientation,
plate of maxilla 1 with many setae
2.
Eohaustorius
inner
Epimeron 3 rounded
2
3
- - Epimeron 3 with tooth
7
3.
4
Inner ramus of uropod 1 with setae and spines
- - Inner ramus of uropod
4.
only with spines
5
Pleonite 3 forming lobe overhanging urosome
--Pleonite 3 not protruding
5.
Haustorius
Lepidactylus
Maxillipedal palp 3 clavate, outer plate of maxilla 2
scarcely enlarged, posterolateral lobes of pereonites
weak, rostrum weak
Protohaustorius
- - Maxillipedal palp 3 geniculate, outer plate of maxilla 2
greatly enlarged, posterolateral lobes of pereonites
strong, rostrum strong
6
6.
Uropod 2 large, biramous, mandible with incisor,
article 5 of antenna 2 not lobate posteriorly
Parahaustorius
--Uropod 2 small, uniramous, mandible without incisor,
article 5 of antenna 2 lobate posteriorly
Neohaustorius
7.
Rami of uropod 1 expanding distally, outer plate of
maxilla 2 scarcely enlarged, rostrum small, head
broadest posteriorly, article 2 on outer ramus of
ur~pod 3 short or absent
Pseudohaustorius
--Rami of uropod 1 scarcely expanding apically, outer
plate of maxilla 2 greatly enlarged, rostrum large,head
broadest in middle, article 2 of outer ramus on uropod
3 ordinary
Acanthohaustorius
Acanthohaustorius Bousfield
Figs 66C, 69H
Acanthohaustorius Bousfield, 1965: 198.
Type species. Acanthohaustorius mUlsi Bousfield,
1965, original designation.
Diagnosis. Head broad, broadest in middle, lateral
margins convex, ,rostrum large. Accessory flagellum 2articulate. Article 5 of peduncle- on-antenna 2 not
lobate ventrally. Mandible with incisor. Outer plate of
maxilla 2 enlarged, slightly lunate. Palp article 3 of
maxilliped geniculate. Pereonites with pronounced
lobes just above coxae. Coxae 1-2 long and deep, not
disjunct in size from 3-4. Pereopods 3-4 subequal and
similar to each other. Posterodorsal border of pleonite
3 decurved, strongly reflexed, forming lobe
overhanging urosome. Epimeron 3 with posterior
process. Urosome long, lappet weak; dorsal-- margin of
urosomite 2 about equal to urosomite 3. Uropod 1
slender, only inner ramus armed with both spines and
setae; outer ramus longest, rami distally untapering.
Uropod 2 strong and stout, biramous. Outer ramus of
uropod 3 ordinary. Telsonic lobes contiguous at base;
telson broad, large, setose sharply.or broadly cleft.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Variables. Pleosome 3 dorsal process variable;
inner ramus of uropod 1 long or short; telson cleft to
base or V-cleft halfway to base.
359
Species. Ecology, see Croker (1967), Dexter (1967);
A. bousfieldi Frame, 1980 (= species A, Dickinson et al.,
1980) [361]; A. intermedius Bousfield, 1965, 1973
A
SA
E
F
00
H
H
o
Fig.65. Haustorioidea. A,Haustorius arenarius; B, Cunicus profundus; C, Prantinustalanggi;D" Urothoe
elegans; E, Urohaustorius halei; F, Zobracho canguro; G, Carangolia mandibularis; H, Bumeralius buchalius; I,
Urohaustorius gunni.
360
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
(Dickinson et
1980) [364]; A. mUlsi Bousfield, 1965,
1973 (Feeley & Wass, 1971) (Fox & Bynum, 1975) [361];
A. pansus Thomas & Barnard, 1984 [470]; A. shoemakeri
Bousfield, 1965, 1973 [361]; A. similis Frame, 1980 (species
B, Dickinson et
1980) [361]; A. spinosus (Bousfield,
1962, 1965, 1973) (Dickinson et
1980) [254]; species,
Camp, Whiting & Martin, 1977 [363]; species C, Dickinson
et al., 1980 [363].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, north-western
Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Fundy and Georges Bank to north
Florida, 0-183 m, 7+ species.
B
I
Fig.66. Haustorioidea. A, Zobracho canguro; B, Neohaustorius biarticulatus; C, Acanthohaustorius
intermedius; D, Pseudohaustorius borealis; E, Parahaustorius attentuatus; F, Haustorius canadensis; G,
Haustorius arenarius; H, Carangolia pulicifornis; I, Bumeralius buchalius; J, Condukius karkan; K,Tuldarus
barinius; L, Urohaustorius pulcus;M, Urohaustorius gunni; N, Protohaustorius wigleyi; ···O,Parahaustorius
longimerus.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Eohaustorius I.L. Bamard
Eohaustorius I.L. Bamard, 1957b: 81.
Type
species.
Haustorius
washingtonianus
361
Thorsteinson, 1941, original designation.
Diagnosis. Head broad, broadest in middle, lateral
margins subparallel, rostrum strong. Accessory
flagellum 2-articulate. Article 5 of peduncle on antenna
Fig.67. Haustorioidea. A, Prantinus talanggi; B, BumeraUus buchalius; C, Narunius tallerkus; D, Cranagolia
pulicifornis; E, Urohaustorius pulcus; F, Cunicus profundus.
'
362
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
2 broad but scarcely lobate ventrally. Mandible with
incisor. Outer plate of maxilla 2 little larger than inner,
not lunate. Palp article 3 of maxilliped clavate. Anterior
pereonites without pronounced lobes just above
coxae. Coxae 1-2 much smaller than 3-4, disjunct in
size from 3-4. Pereopod 4 distinctly smaller than and
unlike pereopod 3. Posterodorsal border of pleonite 3
slightly decurved, strongly reflexed, forming lobe
overhanging urosome. Epimeron 3 with posterior
process. Urosome short, lappet absent; dorsal margin of
urosomite 2 short, not occluded, about equal to
urosomite 3. Uropod 1 slender, both rami armed with both
spines and setae (mostly); rami subequal, distally
expanding. Uropod 2 strong biramous. Article 2 on outer
ramus of uropod 3 medium. Telsonic lobes widely
separated at base; lobes slender-setose.
Variables. Gnathopod 2 chelate (E. cheliferus); one
A
B
I
I
Fig.68. Haustorioidea. A, Bumeralius buchalius; B, Haustorius arenarius; C, Urothoe elegans; D, Carangolia
pulciformis; E, Tuldarus cangellus; F, Condukius karkan; G, Zobracho kamaroo;H, Prantinus talanggi; I,
Urohaustorius pulcus.
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
ramus
of E.
dactyI
article
of uropod 2 lacking sub-basal setae (Japan form
washingtonianus Gurjanova, 1962: fig.135B);
of gnathopod 1 as long as or half as long as
4.
Relationship. Uniquely characterised by reversal
of pereopod 4 to resemble pereopod 5. Also, only
known genus of family in east Pacific, thus easily
recognisable.
Species. Eohaustorius brevicuspis Bosworth, 1973
363
[268]; E. cheliferus (Bulycheva, 1952) (Gurjanova,
1962) [280]; E. eous(Gurjanova, 1951, 1962) (Takamaru
& Ochiai, 1982), E. e. eous Gurjanova, 1962, E. e.
robustus Gurjanova, 1953, 1962 [280]; E. estuarius
Bosworth, 1973 [268E]; E. sawyeri Bosworth, 1973
[268]; E. sencillus J.L. Bamard,' 1962f, 1966b, 1971b
[379]; E. subulicolus Hirayama, 1985b [395]; E.
tandeensis Dang, 1968 [653]; E. washingtonianus
(Thorsteinson, 1941) (?J.L. Barnard, 1957b)
(?Gurjanova, 1962) (Bosworth, 1973) (?Kudrjaschov, 1972)
[269].
K
Fig.69. Haustorioidea and Exoedeceroidae. A, Condukius karkan; B, Patuki breviuropodus; C, Prantinus talanggi;
D, Parahaustorius attenuatus; E, Bumeralius buchalius; F, Waitangi rakirus; G, Carangolia pulciformis;H,
Acanthohaustorius spinosus; I, Urohaustorius perkeus; J, Urothoe elegans; K, Haustorius arenarius; L, Zobracho
canguro.
364
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, North Pacific,
North Vietnam northward around basin to southern
California, 0-40 m, 8 species.
Haustorius Muller
Figs 65A, 66F,G, 68B, 69K
Haustorius Muller, 1775: 53.
Pterygocerus Latreille, 1825: 236 (same type species).
Bellia Bate, 1851: 318 (homonym, Decapoda) (same type
species).
Sulcator Bate, 1854: 58.-Bate, 1856: 58 (same type
species).
Type species.. Oniscus arenatius [sic] Slabber, 1769,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Head very. broad, broadest in middle,
lateral margins convex, rostrum strong. Accessory
flagellum 4-articulate. Article 5 of peduncle on antenna
2 broad but not lobate ventrally. Mandible. with incisor.
Outer plate of maxilla 2 enlarged,.lunate. _Palp article 3
of ma~illiped geniculate. Pereonites with pronounced
lobes just above coxae. Coxae 1-2 long and deep, not
disjunct in size from 3-4. Pereopods 3-4 subequal and
similar to each other. Posterodorsal border of pleonite
3 decurved, strongly reflexed, forming lobe
overhanging. urosome. Epimeron 3 without posterior
.process. Urosome short, lappet long; dorsal margin of
urosomite 2 short, occluded. Uropod 1 slender, inner
ramus armed with both spines and setae; rami
s~bequal, distally untapering. Uropod 2 strong,
bIramous. Outer ramus of uropod 3 ordinary. Telsonic
lobes contiguous at base; telson broad, short-spinose,
sharply cleft.
Variables. Proximal margin of article 4 on
pereopod 7 rounding, continuous with posterior margin
(European), sharply set off from posterior margin
(American); peduncle of uropod ·1 with continuous
spination (European), with 2 disjunct groups of spines
(American).
Species. Haustorius algeriensis Mulot, 1967 [344]; H.
arenarius (Bate, 1856, 1858a, 1862) (Sars, 1895) (Chevreux
& Fage, 1925) (Lincoln, 1979a) [240]; H. canadensis
Bousfield, 1962, 1973 [260]; species, Croker 1967a (Feeley
& Wass, 1971) (Fox & Bynum,1975) [365].
.Habitat and distribution. Marine, amphiboreal
Atlantic, 0 m, 3 species.
Lepidactylis Say
Lepidactylis Say, 1818: 379.
Type
species. Lepidactylis dytiscus
Say,
1818,
monotypy.
Comments.. Based on L. triarticulatus.
Diagnosis.. Head
broadest posteriorly, lateral
margins .convex, rostrum weak. Accessory flagellum 2
to 3-articulate. Article 5 of peduncle on antenna 2
broad, lobate ventrally. Mandible with incisor. Outer
plate of maxilla 2 enlarged, outer plate lunate. Palp
article 3 of maxilliped geniculate. Pereonites without
pronounced lobes just above coxae. Coxae ·1-2 long and
deep, not disjunct in size from 3-4. Pereopods 3-4
subequal and similar to each other. Posterodorsal border
of pleonite 3 free or slightly decurved, not strongly
reflexed. Epimeron 3 without posterior process.
Urosome short, lappet absent; dorsal margin of
urosomite 2 short, occluded. Uropod 1 slender, only
inner ramus armed with both spines and setae; rami
subequal, distally expanding. Uropod 2 strong and stout,
biramous. Article 2 on outer ramus of uropod 3
ordinary. Telsonic lobes contiguous at base; telson
broad, short-spinose-setose, almost fully cleft.
Species. Lepidactylis dytiscus Say 1818 (Feeley &
Wass, 1971) (Boesch & Diaz, 1974) (Robertson &
Shelton, 1980a) (Grant & Lazo-Wasem, 1986) [362]; L.
triarticulatus Robertson & Shelton, 1980 [474]; species
(plural), Robertson & Shelton (1980a) [476, 474].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, north-western
Atlantic, Chesapeake Bay to north Florida, then in Gulf
of Mexico from Padre Island, Texas to Grand Isle,
Louisiana, 0 m, 2 species.
Neohaustorius Bousfield
Fig.66B
Neohaustorius Bousfield, 1965: 185.
Type species.. Neohaustorius
1965, original designation.
schmitzi Bousfield,
Diagnosis.. Head very broad, broadest in middle,
lateral margins subparallel, rostrum weak. Accessory
flagellum 2-articulate. Article 5 of peduncle on antenna
2 lobate ventrally. Mandible without incisor. Outer plate
of maxilla 2 enlarged, outer plate semilunate or not. Palp
article 3 of maxilliped geniculate. Pereonites with
pronounced lobes just above coxae. Coxae 1-2 long
and deep, not disjunct in size from 3-4. Pereopods 3-4
subequal and similar to each other. Posterodorsal
border of pleonite 3 free or slightly decurved, not
strongly reflexed. Epimeron 3 without posterior
process. Urosome long; lappet long; dorsal margin of
urosomite 2 about equal to urosomite 3. Uropod 1 stout
or slender, inner ramus present and short, or absent,
outer ramus setation variable; rami distally tapering.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Uropod 2 small, uniramous. Article 2 on outer ramus of
uropod 3 ordinary. Telsonic lobes contiguous at base;
telson narrow, small, short-spinose, almost entire.
Variables.. Article 1 of flagellum on antenna 2 not
elongate (N. biarticulatus), elongate (type); inner ramus
of uropod 1 present or absent, outer ramus of uropod
1 spinose, with or without few setae.
Species.. Ecology, see Croker (1967a, 1968a), Dexter
(1971); N. biarticulatus Bousfield, 1965, 1973 [254];
N. schmitzi Bousfield, 1965, 1973 (Fox & Bynum 1975)
[361].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, north-western
Atlantic, New England to North Carolina, 0-1 m, 2
species.
Parahaustorius Bousfield
Figs 66E,O, 69D
Parahaustorius Bousfield, 1965: 177.
Type species. Parahaustorius longimerus Bousfield,
1965, original designation.
Diagnosis.. Head broad, broadest posteriorly,
lateral margins convex, rostrum strong. Accessory
flagellum 2-articulate. Article 5 of peduncle on antenna
2 broad but not lobate ventrally. Mandible with incisor.
Outer plate of maxilla 2 enlarged, outer plate not
lunate. Palp article 3 of maxilliped geniculate.
Pereonites with pronounced lobes just above coxae.
Coxae 1-2 long and deep, not disjunct in size from 34. Pereopods 3-4 subequal and similar to each other.
Posterodorsal border of pleonite 3 free or slightly
decurv/ed, not strongly reflexed. Epimeron 3 without
posterior "process. Urosome moderately long, lappet
medium to long; dorsal margin of urosomite 2 snort,
not occluded. Uropod 1 moderately stout, both rami
armed with spines; outer ramus longest, rami distally
tapering. Uropod 2 strong and stout, biramous. Article 2
on outer ramus of uropod 3 ordinary. Telsonic lobes
contiguous at base; telson broad, large, short-spinose,
sharply cleft.
Variables.. Telson variable in breadth and cleft.
Species.. Parahaustorius attenuatus Bousfield, 1965,
1973 (Dickinson et al., 1980) [361]; P. holmesi Bousfield,
1965, 1973 (= llaustorius arenarius" identifications of
Holmes 1905, M.J. Rathbun, 1905) (Dickinson et al., 1980)
[361]; P. longimerus Bousfield, 1965, 1973 (Fox &
Bynum, 1975) [364]; P. obliquus Robertson & Shelton,
1978 [474].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, north-western
365
Atlantic, Georges Bank to Texas, 0-50 m, 4 species.
Protohaustorius Bousfield
Fig.66N
Protohaustorius Bousfield, 1965: 172.
Type species. Protohaustorius deichmannae Bousfield,
1965, original designation.
Diagnosis.. Head normally very broad, broadest
posteriorly, lateral margins convex, rostrum weak.
Accessory flagellum 2-articulate. Article 5 of" peduncle
on antenna 2 broad but not lobate ventrally. Mandible
with incisor. Outer plate of maxilla 2 little larger than
inner, outer plate not lunate. Palp article 3 of
maxilliped clavate. Pereonites with short lobes just
above coxae. Coxae 1-2 long and deep, not disjunct in
size from 3-4.Pereopods 3-4 subequal and similar to
each other. Posterodorsal border of pleonite 3 free or
slightly decurved,not strongly reflexed. Epimeron 3
without posterior process. Urosom"e long, lappet "long;
dorsal margin of urosomite 2 "short, but not occluded".
Uropod 1 stout, both rami armed" with spines; rami
subequal, distally tapering. Uropod 2 small, biramous.
Article 2 on outer ramus of uropod 3 ordinary. Telsonic
lobes contiguous at base; telson narrow," large, shortspinose, shallow-cleft.
Variables.. Telson variable in shape and cleft.
Species.. Protohaustorius bousfieldi Robertson &
Shelton, 1973 [474]; P. deichmannae Bousfield, 1965, 1973
(?Bynum & Fox, 1977) (Dickinson et al., 1980) [361];
P. wigleyi Bousfield, 1965, 1973 (Dickinson et al., 1980)
[361]; species, Camp, Whiting & Martin, J977 [478].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, north-west
Atlantic, New England to Texas, 0~150 m, 3+ species.
Pseudohaustorius Bousfield
i
Fig.66D
Pseudohaustorius Bousfield, 1965: 190.
Type
species.
Pseudohaustorius
Bousfield, 1965, original designation.
caroliniensis
Diagnosis. Head broad, broadest posteriorly, but
lateral margins subparallel, rostrum weak. Accessory
flagellum 2-articulate. Article 5 of peduncle on antenna
2 broad but not lobate ventrally. Mandible with
incisor. Outer plate of maxilla 2 little larger than inner,
not lunate. Palp article 3 of maxilliped clavate.
366
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Pereonites with pronounced lobes just above
coxae. Coxae 1-2 not disjunct in size from 3-4.
Pereopods 3-4 subequal and similar to each other.
Posterodorsal border of pleonite 3 not strongly
reflexed and forming lobe overhanging urosome.
Epimeron 3 with posterior process. Urosome short,
lappet short to long; dorsal margin of urosomite 2 short,
occluded. Uropod 1 slender, both rami armed with both
spines and setae; inner ramus longest, rami distally
expanding. Uropod 2 strong and stout, biramous.
Article 2 on outer ramus of uropod 3 sm~ll or absent.
Telsonic lobes contiguous at base; telson· broad, large,
short-setose, almost entire.
Variables. Article 3 of antenna 1 elongate or not;
article 2 on outer ramus of uropod 3 absent (P.
americanus).
Species. Pseudohaustorius americanus (Pearse,
1908) (Gurjanova, 1962, key) [474]; P. borealis
Bousfield, 1965, 1973 (Dickinson et al., 1980) [361]; P.
caroliniensis Bousfield, 1965, 1973 [361].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, north-west
Atlantic, New England to Louisiana, 0-62 m, 3 species.
HYALELLIDAE Bulycheva, 1957
See Ceinidae
HYALIDAE Bulycheva, 1957
Diagnosis. Accessory flagellum absent; mandible
lacking palp, molar triturative; uropod 3 essentially
uniramous though tiny scale-like inner ramus rarely
present.
See Dogielinotidae, Eophliantidae and Phliantidae.
Description. Lower lip lacking inner lobes; coxae
of medium size, coxa 4 with large excavation; telson
variable, cleft or uncleft.
Relationship. Differing from Dexaminidae and
Kuriidae in the distinct urosomites; from Dogielinotidae
in the lack of fossorial appendages.
The Ceinidae lack a ramus on uropod 3.
The Eophliantidae have cylindrical bodies and the
Phliantidae have greatly depressed bodies; both
families plus Najnidae generally have degraded
molars.
Key to Genera of Hyalidae
(except Neobule)
1.
Dactyl of maxilliped short and blunt or uropod 3
lacking ramus
Ceinidae, especially Hyachelia
- - Dactyl of maxilliped unguiform
2
2.
3
Uropod 3 with minute inner ramus
- - Uropod 3 lacking inner ramus
3.
4
Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate
Parhyale
-.- . Palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate
Parallorchestes
4.
Telson entire ...................................................................•............................................................ 5
--Telson cleft
5.
Male
gnathopod 2
gnathopod. 1
~
enlarged and different than
--Male gnathopods 1-2 of medium size and similar
6.
6
Parhyalella
Insula
Article 5 of male gnathopod 2 lobate and projecting
,~
between articles 4 and 6
Allorchestes
- - Article 5 of male gnathopod 2 not lobate, not
projecting between articles 4 and 6
7
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
7.
Dactyl of maxilliped lacking long, whip-like seta
Hyale
- - Dactyl of maxilliped bearing long whip-like seta
8
8.
Male and female gnathopods diverse,
enlarged
367
male gnathopod 2
Lelehua
--Gnathopods of both sexes small and female-like
Allorchestes Dana
Fig.70G
Allorchestes Dana, 1849: 136.-Dana, 1853: 883.--J.L.
Barnard, 1974b: 41 (key).
Aspidophoreia Haswell, 1880a: 101. (Aspidophoreia
diemenensis Haswell, 1880a, monotypy).
[795]];
[391]];
[391]];
stylifer
Micropythia
[A. penicillata Stimpson, 1856b (Stebbing, 1906)
[A. rubricornis Stimpson, 1856b (Stebbing, 1906)
[A. sayi Bate, 1862 (Stebbing, 1906) [?254]]; [A.
Grube, 1864b [345]];
Habitat and distribution. Marine, North and South
Pacific Ocean, to western Australia, cool to cold water
only [other obscure species outside Pacific not
considered], 0 m, 5 species.
Type species. Allorchestes compressa Dana, 1852a,
selected by Chevreux & Fage, 1925.
Hyale Rathke
Diagnosis. Maxilla 1 bearing tiny I-articulate palp
not reaching base of .spines on outer plate. Dactyl of
maxilliped unguiform, article 4 without long whip-like
seta. Gnathopods of both sexes subchelate, male
gnathopod 2 larger than 1, article 5 produced between
articles 4 and 6; female gnathopod 2 like gnathopod 1,
scarcely enlarged. Uropod 3 lacking inner ramus. Telson
cleft, either flat or lobes erected to form tent.
Variables. Shape and setation of male gnathopod 1;
presence or absence of pleonal carination.
Relationships. Differing from Parhyale and
Parallorchestes in the loss of the inner ramus on
uropod 3.
See Hyale.
Species. See Bulycheva (1957); A. angusta Dana,
1856 (I.L. Barnard, 1979b) (= A. malleolus Stebbing,
1899c, Iwasa, 1939, Bulycheva, 1957) (= A. oculatus
Stout, 1913) (= A. vladimiri Derzhavin, 1937, Gurjanova,
1951)'[510]; A. bellabella I.L. Barnard, 1974b, 1979b (=
A. angustus I.L. Barnard, 1954a) [270]; [A. brevicornis
Dana, 1852a, 1853 (Stebbing, 1906) [773]]; A. carinata
Iwasa, 1939 (I.L. Bamard, 1979b) (Hirayama, 1985b)
[280]; A. compressa Dana, 1852a (Stebbing, 1899c)
(Bousfield, 1964c) (I.L. Barnard, 1974b), A. c. V, and A.
c. W of I.L. Barnard, 1974b (= A. australis Dana, 1852a,
1853) (= A. gaimardii Dana, 1853) (= A. diemenensis
tIaswell, 1880a) [780 + ?840]; [A. istrica (Grube, 1861)
(Stebbing, 1906) [345+ 334]]; [A. japonica Stimpson, 1856b
(Stebbing, 1906) [391]]; A. novizealandiae Dana, 1852a,
1853 (Hurley, 1957b) (= A. intrepida Dana, 1852a) (=
A.didactyla Thomson, 1879b) (= A. neozelanicus
Thomson & Chilton, 1886) (= A. chiltoni Thomson, 1899)
[850]; [A. paulensis HelIer, 1868a (Stebbing, 1906)
Figs 70A,B, 71E
Hyale Rathke, 1837: 377.-Stebbing, 1906: 559.-J.L.
Barnard, 1965a (key).-J.L. Barnard, 1974b: 49.-Lincoln,
1979a: 230.
Nicea Nicolet, 1849: 237 (Nicea lucasii Nicolet, 1849,
monotypy).
(Allorchestina) Brandt, 1850: 141 (Orchestia nidrosiensis
Kr~yer, 1845 (= Amphithoe prevostii Milne Edwards,
1830), present selection).
Galanthis Bate, 1857d: 136 (homonym, Mollusca) (Galanthis
lubbockiana Bate, 1857d (= Hyale pontica Rathke, 1837),
monotypy).
Type species. Hyale pontica Rathke, 1837, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Maxilla 1 bearing large I-articulate palp
reaching base of spines on outer plate. Dactyl of
maxilliped unguiform, article 4 without long whip-like
seta. Gnathopods of both sexes subchelate, male
gnathopod 2 larger than 1, article 5 not produced
between articles 4 and 6; female gnathopod 2 like
gnathopod 1 but slightly enlarged. Uropod 3 lacking
inner ramus. Telson cleft, lobes erected to form tent.
Variables. Dactyl of maxillipedal palp often small,
setal density variable, nail present or absent, variable
in length. Acclivities on coxae. Morphology and setation
of male and female gnathopods~ Dactylar setae and
locking-spine morphology on pereopods 3.. 7.
Posteroventral tooth ofepimeral-3. Presence or
absence of enlarged apical spine on peduncle of
uropod 1; spination on rami of uropods 1-2. Proportions
and armaments of uropod 3.
Relationship. Differing from Allorchestes in the'
368
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
cryptic article 5 of male gnathopod 2 lacking
posterior lobe, with articles 4-6 abutting.
Removals.. See Lelehua and Micropythia.
Species.. See Arresti et al. (1986a), J.L. Bamard
(1965a) Bulycheva (1957), Cecchini & Parenzan (1935),
Chevreux & Fage (1925), Giovannini (1965), Griffiths
1974a,c, 1975), Gurjanova (1951), Mateus & Afonso
(1974), Miloslavskaya (1931,1939), Mordukha-Boltovskoi
(1969), Nayar (1967), Reid (1947a), Ruffo(1969),
Schellenberg (1931, 1938a), Shoemaker (1935a),
c
c
G
I
H
Fig.. 70.. Talitroidea, Hyalidae, HyaleHidae, and Najnidae. A, Hyale nilssoni; B, Hyale chevreuxi; C, Talitrus
saltator; D, Parhyalella batesoni; E, Parhyale hawaien~is; F, Insula antennuella; Allorchestes plumicC!rnis; H,
Parhyalella pietschmanni; I, Najna sp.
J
Bamard & Kararnan: Marine Garnrnaridean Amphipoda
Sivaprakasam (1969d); H. affinis Chevreux, 1907a, 1908c
(Sivaprakasam, 1969d) (J.L. Bamard, 1970a) (Myers,
1985a) [550]; H. anceps (lL. Bamard, 1969a, 1979b) [372];
H. antares Oliveira, 1953 [751]; H. ayeli J.L. Bamard,
1955a, 1970a (Sivaprakasam, 1969d) [600]; [H. babirussa
(Costa, 1853, 1857) (Stebbing, 1906)] [348]; H. barbicornis
Hiwatari & Kajihara, 1981a, 1984 (= H. plumicornis
identification of I wasa, 1939) [392]; H. bassargini
Derzhavin, 1937 (Tzvetkova, 1968) (Kudrjaschov, 1979)
[280]; H. bidentata Ledoyer, 1984 [586]; H. bishopae J.L.
Bamard, 1955a, 1970a [381]; H. californica J.L. Bamard,
1969a, 1979b [370]; H. campbellica (Filhol, 1885b) (Hurley,
1957b) [844]; H. camptonyx (Heller, 1867) (Chevreux &
Fage, 1925) (Krapp-Schickel, 1974) [330 + 677]; H. canalina
J.L. Bamard, 1979b (= H. rubra rubra identification of
J.L. Barnard, 1969a) [370]; H. changi Chen, 1939 [031F];
H. chelonitis (Oliveira, 1953) [751]; H. chevreuxi K.H.
Bamard, 1916 (Ledoyer, 1972c) (Myers, 1985c) (J.L.
Bamard, 1965a) (= H. macrodactylus identification of
Chevreux, 1901a) [600]; H. corallinacola Hirayama,
1980 [398]; H. crassicornis (Haswell, 1879a) (Chilton, 1885)
(J.L. Barnard, 1974b) (= H. coogensis Chilton, 1885) [780];
H. crassipes (Heller, 1867) (Krapp-Schickel, 1974) (= H.
bucchichi Heller, 1867) (= H. gulbenkiani Mateus &
Mateus, 1962) [330]; H. darwini J.L. Bamard, 1979b .
[540]; H. dentifera Chevreux, 1907a, 1908c (J.L. Barnard,
1965a) [550]; H. diastoma K.H. Barnard, 1916 (Griffiths,
1975) [743];H. didendactyla Hirayama, 1980 [398]; H.
diplodactyla Stebbing, 1899c (Sivaprakasam, 1969d)
(Ledoyer, 1979b) [400 + 660]; H. dollfusi Chevreux, 1911d
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Stephensen, 1944b) (Arresti
et al., 1986) [339 + ?3901; H. frequens (Stout, 1913)
(J.L. Barnard, 1969b, 1979b) [379]; H. furcata (Reid,
369
1951) [359]; H. galateae Stebbing, 1899c (Shoemaker,
1945a) [400N + 530N]; H. g. distorta Myers, 1985c [576];
[H. gazella (Costa, 1853, 1857) (Stebbing, 1906) [348]]; H.
goetschi Schellenberg, 1935a [465]; [H. gracilis (Dana,
1852a, 1853) (Stebbing, 1906) [575]]; [H. graminea (Dana,
1852a, 1853) (Stebbing, 1906) [751]; H. grandicornis
(Kr~yer, 1845) (Stephensen, 1949) (Griffiths, 1975)
(Branch, 1975) (= H. longicornis Kr0yer, 1845, homonym)
(= H. lucasii Nicolet, 1849) (= H. verticillata Dana, 1852a)
(= H. peruviana Dana, 1852a) (= H. inquirendus K.H.
Barnard, 1940) [TL = 765 + ?422]; H. grenfelli Chilton,
1917b (Hurley, 1957b) [775]; H. grimaldii Chevreux, 1891a
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Giovannini, 1965) (Mateus
& Afonso, 1974) [330]; H. guasave J.L. -Barnard, 1979b
[540]; [H. helleri (Grube, 1866) (= H. imbricatus Grube,
1864) [345]]; H. hirtipalma (Dana, 1852a, 1853)
(Stephensen, 1949) (Hurley, 1957b) (Alonso, 1980) (= H.
inca Bate, 1862) (= H. villosa Smith, 1876) (= H.fimbriata
Thomson, 1879b) (= H. georgianus Pfeffer, 1888) (= H.
trigonochir Walker, 1908) [835]; H. honoluluensis
Schellenberg, 1938a (Nayar, 1959) (J.L. Barnard, 1970a)
(?Ledoyer, 1972c, 1986) [600]; H. humboldti J.L.
Barnard, 1979b [546]; H. humilis (Dana, 1852a, 1853)
(?Stebbing, 1899c) (J.L. Bamard, 1974b) [781 + 284];,H.
incerta Chevreux, 1913a [683]; H. inermis Ledoyer,
1978b, 1979a, 1986 [697 + 698]; H. iole I.L. Barnard, 1970a
[381]; H. ishigakiensis Hirayama, 1980 [398]; H.jeanneli
Chevreux, 1913a (Spandl, 1924) [683 +. ?677]; H.
kuriensis Walker & Scott, 1903 (Walker, 1904) [690]; H.
laie J.L. Barnard, 1970a [381]; H. littoralis (Stimpson,
1853) (Kunkel, 1918) [254]; [H. longicornis (Haswell,
1879a, homonym) (J.L. Barnard, 1974b) [781]]; H. loorea
J.L. Barnard, 1974b [780]; H. macrodactyla Stebbing,
o
Fig.71. Talitroidea, Hyalidae, Hyalellidae and Najnidae. A, Najna sp.; B, Parorchestia' campbelliana; C,
Talitrus saltator; D, Orchestia costaricana; E, Hyale bassargini; F, Insula antennuella.
370
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
1899c (SchelIenberg, 1939) (Ledoyer, 1972c, 1986) [400
+ 660]; H. maroubrae Stebbing, 1899c (Hurley, 1957b)
(Myers, 1985c) [600]; H. media (Dana, 1853) (Stephensen,
1949) (Ruffo, 1950) (Hurley, 1957b) (Kensley, 1971)
(J.L. Bamard, 1974b) [751 + ?423]; H. milloti Ruffo, 1958
[694F]; H. minor Chevreux & Fage, 1925 (Krapp-Schickel,
1974) [330]; H. niger (HaswelI, 1879b) (SchelIenberg,
1928) (?Sivaprakasam, 1969d) (Ledoyer, 1967a, 1971,
1979a, 1986) [781 + ?685]; H. novaezealandiae (Thomson,
1879b) (Bulycheva, 1957) (Hurley, 1957b) [850 + ??280];
[H. orientalis (Dana, 1852a, 1853) (Stebbing, 1906)
[647]]; H. ornata Reid, 1951 [359]; H. perieri (Lucas,
1846) (Krapp-Schickel, 1974) (Lincoln, 1979a) (= H.
macronyx HelIer, 1867) (= H. brevicornis Czemiavsky,
1868) (= H. pontica Czemiavsky, 1868) (= H. bonelliana
identification of White, see Bate, 1862: 42; DelIa ValIe,
1893) [352]; [H. piedmontensis (Bate, 1862) (Stebbing,
1906) [?348]]; H. plumulosa (Stimpson, 1857)
(Thorsteinson, 1941) (Bousfield, 1973) [260 + 270]; H.
pontica Rathke, 1837 (Chevreux & Fage, 1925)
(Lincoln, 1979a) (Mateus & Afonso, 1974) (= H. imbricatus
Bate, 1857d) (= H. lubbockiana Bate, 1857d, Sars, 1895)
[355 + 339]; H. prevostii (Milne Edwards, 1830)
(Chevreux, 1900a) (= H. nilssonii Rathke, 1843, Sars, 1895,
Bousfield, 1973, Lincoln, 1979a) (= H. nidrosiensis Kr~yer,
1845) (= H. danai Bate, 1857d) (= H. major Chevreux,
1888c) (= H. barnardi Chevreux, 1926b) [250]; [H.
pugettensis (Dana, 1853) (Stebbing, 1906) [269]]; H.
pumila Hiwatari & Kajihara, 1981b (= H. dollfusi
identification of Iwasa, 1939) [390]; H. punctata Hiwatari
& Kajihara, 1981a (= H. novaezealandiae identification of
Iwasa, 1939) [390]; 'H. pusilla Chevreux, 1907a, 1908c
[556]; H. pygmaea Ruffo, 1950 [462]; H. ramalhoiReid,
1939 [357]; H. rubra (Thomson, 1879b) (Hurley, 1957b)
(J.L. Bamard, 1974b, 1979b) [775 + ?500]; H. rupicola
(HaswelI, 1879a, 1885b) (J.L. Bamard, 1974b) [781]; H.
saldanha Chilton, 1912 (K.H. Bamard, 1940) (Griffiths,
1975) [743]; H. schmidti (HelIer, 1867) (Krapp-Schickel,
1974) (Iwasa, 1939) (= H. microphthalmus Bate, 1862) [330];
[H. seminuda (Stimpson, 1956c) (Stebbing, 1906) [371]]; H.
spinidactyla Chevreux, 1926b (Pirlot, 1939) (Ruffo, 1948)
(Reid, 1951) [440];H. spinidactyloides SchelIenberg, 1939
[447]; H. stebbingi Chevreux, 1888c, 1900a (KrappSchickel, 1974) (Lincoln, 1979a) (= H. nilssoni
identification of Chevreux & Fage, 1925) [352]; [H.
stewarti (Filhol, 1885a,b) (Stebbing, 1906) [776]]; [H.
stolzmani Wrzesniavsky, 1879 (Stebbing, 1906) [548]]; [H.
tenella (Costa, 1853, 1857) (Stebbing, 1906) [348]]; H.
thomsoni Hurley, 1957b [775]; H. tristanensis Macnae,
1953 (K.H. Bamard, 1965) [731]; H. uragensis Hiwatari
& Kajihara, 1981a [395]; H. wilari J.L. Bamard, 1974b
[785]; H. wolffi Reid, 1951 [359]; H. yake J.L. Bamard,
1974b [780]; H. yaqui J.L. Bamard, 1979b [369]; H.
zuaque J.L. Bamard, 1979b [369]; "species" = H. nilssoni
var. identification of Walker & Scott, 1903 [676];
"species" = H. rubra identification of J.L. Bamard, 1970a
[381]; "species" Ledoyer, 1972c [698]; "species" J.L.
Bamard, 1974b [787]; "species I" Hirayama, 1980 [398];
"species 2" Hirayama, 1980 [398]; "species 3"
Hirayama, 1980 [398].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan,
mostly warmer water, 0-2 m, 77 species.
Insula Kunkel
Figs 70F, 71F
Insula Kunkel, 1910: 61.
Type species. Insula antennullela Kunkel, 1910,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Maxilla 1 bearing small, I-articulate palp
not reaching base of spines on outer plate. Dactyl of
maxilliped uniform, representing article 3 of palp.
Gnathopods of [?both sexes· subchelate, subequal in
size, female unknown], male gnathopod 2 not larger
than 1, article 5 produced between articles 4 and 6;
female gnathopod 2 [?like gnathopod 1 but slightly
enlarged]. Uropod 3 lacking inner ramus. Telson entire,
flat.
Relationship. Like Parhyalella but male gnathopods
1-2 of medium size and similar.
Species. Insula antennullela Kunkel, 1910 [367].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Bermuda,
shallow water, 1 species.
Lelehua J.L. Bamard
(Lelehua) J.L. Bamard, 1970a: 264.
Type species. Hyale (Lelehua) waimea J.L. Barnard,
1970a, original designation.
Diagnosis. Maxilla 1 bearing large I-articulate palp
reaching base of spines on outer plate. Dactyl of
maxilliped unguiform, with long whip-like seta.
Gnathopods of both sexes subchelate, male gnathopod
2 larger than 1, article 5 not produced between articles
4 and 6; female gnathopod 2 like gnathopod 1 but
slightly enlarged. Uropod 3 lacking inner ramus.
Telson cleft, lobes erected to form tent.
Relationship. Hyale but dactyl of maxillipedal
.palp with long whip-like seta.
Species. Lelehua kandari (J.L. Barnard, 1974b)
[782]; L. malevua Myers, 1985c [576]; L. waimea J.L.
Bamard, 1970a [381]:
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Hawaii to Fiji
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
to Victoria, Australia, intertidal, 3 species.
371
subequal, perhaps 6 longest, article 2 of pereopods 5-6
weakly expanded, lobate, of pereopod 7 broadly
expanded and lobate; posterior pleopoda biramous
(Has well) [probably referring to uropod 3 and
erroneous]; (Milne-Edwards) last appendages terminated
by 2 rudimentary conical articles.
Micropythia Krapp-Schickel
Pythia Krapp-Schickel, 1972: 182 (homonym, Gastropoda)
(Allorchestes
carinatus
Bate,
1862,
original
designation) .
Micropythia Krapp-Schickel, 1976b: 33 (new name).
Type species. Allorchestes carinatus Bate, 1862,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Maxilla i bearing large I-articulate palp
not reaching base of spines on outer plate. Dactyl of
maxilliped short and stubby, with long whip-like seta.
Gnathopods of both sexes small, subchelate, subequal
in size. Uropod 3 lacking inner ramus. Telson cleft,
lobes erected to form tent.
Relationship. Like Lelehua but gnathopods of
both sexes small and female-like.
Relationship. Differing from Allorchestes in
female-like gnathopods of both sexes and
presumed absence of outer plate on maxilliped
entire telson. A quite obscure group of species
seen in a century.
the
the
and
not
Species. See Stebbing (1906); N. armorica (Milne
Edwards, 1830) [242]; N. gaimardii (Milne Edwards,
1840) (= N. algicola Haswell, 1879a, 1885b) [586]; N.
reynaudii (Milne Edwards, 1830) [743].
Habitat and distribution. Marine; Brittany; New
South Wales; Cape of Good Hope; depths shallow; 3
species.
Parallorchestes Shoemaker
Species. Micropthyia carinata (Bate, 1862)
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Krapp- Schickel, 1972) (= M.
longicornis Grube, 1866) [340 + 442].
Parallorchestes Shoemaker, 1941b: 183.-J.L. Barnard,
1979b: 119 (Key).
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Mediterranean
outward to Canary Islands,. shallow to 42 m, 1 species.
Type species. Allorchestes
1851, original designation.
Neobule Haswell
Neobule Haswell, 1879a: 255.-Stebbing, 1906: 556.
Type species. N eobule algicola Haswell,
1879a
(= Amphitoe gaimardii Milne Edwards, 1840, fide Stebbing,
1906), monotypy.
Diagnosis. Maxilla 1 [?bearing lacking palp, small,
large, tiny, 1 to 2-articulate, not reaching base of spines
on outer plate. Dactyl of maxilliped unguiform, short
and stubby, article 4 without long whip-like seta.]
Gnathopods subchelate,, (?male) ,gnathopod 2 larger
,than 1, article 5 produced between articles 4 and 6;
[?female gnathopod 2 like gnathopod 1 but slightly
enlarged]. Uropod 3 [?lackit:lg scale-like inner ramus.]
Telson entire, flat.
Variables. Outer plate of maxilliped said to be absent;
telson said to be entire. Description: antennae 1-2 equal
and short. Maxilliped with squamiform process on basos
only; article 5 of gnathopod 1 shorter than article 6,
triangularly lobate, propodus rectangular, palm almost
transverse; article 4 of gnathopod 2 large, weakly
produced, article 5 shorter than 6, strongly lobate,6
rectangular, palm transverse; pereopods 5-7 short,
ochotensis
Brandt,
Diagnosis. Maxilla 1 bearing large 2~articulatepalp
reaching base of spines on outer plate. Dactyl of
maxilliped unguiform, without long whip-like seta.
Gnathopods of both sexes subchelate, male gnathopod
2 larger than 1, article 5 produced between articles 4
and 6; female gnathopod 2 like' gnathopod 1 but
slightly enlarged.Uropod 3 bearing scale-like inner
ramus. Telson cleft, flat.
Relationship. Differing from Parhyale in the 2articulate palp of maxilla 1; probably the basic genus of
the group.
Species. Parallorchestes ochotensis (Brandt, 1851)
(Bate, 1862) (Gurjanova, 1951) (I.L. Batnard, 1952c,
1962c) (Bulycheva, 1957) (= P. kurilensis Iwasa, 1934)
[230]; P. zibellina Derzhavin, 1937 (Gurjanova, 1937)
(Bulycheva, 1957) [280].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cold North
Pacific, 0-5 m, 2 species.
Parhyale Stebbing
Fig.70E
Parhyale Stebbing, 1897: 26.-J.L. Barnard, 1979b: 120
372
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Hyaloides Schellenberg, 1939: 126 (Hyaloides dartevillei
Schellenberg, 1939, monotypy).
Type species. Parhyale jasciger 1897, monotypy.
Exhyalella Stebbing, 1917b: 435 (Exhyalella natalensis
Stebbing, 1917b, monotypy).
Type species.. Parhyalella batesoni Kunkel, 1910,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Maxilla 1 bearing large I-articulate palp
not reaching base of spines on outer plate. Dactyl of
maxilliped unguiform, without long whip-like seta.
Gnathopods of both sexes subchelate, male gnathopod
2 larger than 1, article 5 produced between articles 4
and 6; female gnathopod 2 like gnathopod 1 but
slightly enlarged. Uropod 3 bearing scale-like inner
ramus or vestigial fused replica. Telson cleft, flat.
Diagnosis. Maxilla 1 lacking palp. Dactyl of
maxilliped unguiform, without long whip-like seta.
Gnathopods of both sexes subchelate, male gnathopod
2 larger than 1, article 5 produced between articles 4
and. 6; female gnathopod ·2 like gnathopod 1 but
greatly enlarged. Uropod 3 lacking inner ramus. Telson
entire.
Variables. Setosity of antennae 1-2; shape and
spination of gnathopods 1-2; pereopod 7 (occasionally
also 6) with or without posterior spines on article 6;
spination patterns on rami of uropods 1-2; spination
pattern on peduncle and outer ramus of uropod 3.
Parhyale in the uncleft telson.
Relationship. Differing from Parallorchestes in the
I-articulate (versus 2-) palp of maxilla 1. Also close to
the basic genus of this group in the retention of an
inner ramus on uropod 3.
pietschmanni Schellenberg,. 1938a (Ruffo, 1969) (J.L.
Barnard, 1970a) (Steele, 1973) [600]; P. richardi
Species. See Bulycheva (1957); Chevreux & Fage,
1925; J.L. Bamard, 1979b; P. aquilina (Costa, 1853, 1857)
(Krapp-Schickel, 1974) (= P. fasciculata HelIer, 1867) (=
P. nudicornis HelIer, 1867) (= P. rudis HelIer, 1867)
[330]; P. basrensis Salman, 1986 [673]; P. eburnea
Krapp-Schickel, 1974 [345]; P. fascigera Stebbing, 1897
(Shoemaker, 1956a) (= P. brevipes identification of
Shoemaker, 1933c) [435 + 470 + 540 + ?]; P. hawaiensis
(Dana, 1853) (Shoemaker, 1956a) (J.L. Bamard, 1965a)
(Tararam, 1978) (Myers, 1985c) (::;: P. brevipes
Chevreux, 1901a) (= P. trifoliadens Kunkel, 1910) (= P.
dartevellei Schellenberg, 1939) (Ledoyer, 1986) [421];
P. inyacka K.H. Barnard, 1916 (Griffiths, 1973) (J.L.
Barnard, 1979b) [469]; P. iwasai (Shoemaker, 1956a) (=
P. gracilis Iwasa, 1939) (= P. iwasa Bulycheva, 1957)
[392]; P. penicillata Shoemaker, 1956a (J.L. Bamard,
1979b) [377]; P. plumicornis (HelIer, 1867) (Stebbing,
1899c) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Stephensen, 1944b)
(Krapp-Schickel, 1974) [340 + ?395];P. ptilocerus
(Derzhavin, 1937) (Gurjanova, 1951) [391]; "species" (P.
hawaiensis identification of Sivaprakasam, 1970a)
[381]; "species" (P. zibellina identification of
Bulycheva, 1957) [280].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, throughout the
tropics, south to South Africa, intertidal, often as sandhoppers, 7 species.
Relationship. Differing from Allorchestes and
Species. Parhyalella batesoni Kunkel, 1910 [367];
P. congoensis Ruffo, 1953b [447]; P. indica K.H.
Bamard, 1935 (Sivaprakasam, 1969d) [664]; P. natalensis
(Stebbing, 1917b, 1918) (Griffiths, 1974b) [743]; P.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Mediterranean
and circumtropical, north to Bermuda and Japan,
shallow water, 10 species.
Parhyalella Kunkel
, .Figs 70D,H
Parhyalella Kunkel, 1910: 74.
(Chevreux, 1902a, 1935) (Brian, 1940) (Legrand, 1951)
[340]; P. whelpleyi (Shoemaker, 1933c, 1948) [460].
HYPERIOPSIDAE Bovallius, 1886
Diagnosis. Accessory flagellum well developed.
Article 1 of primary flagellum on antenna 1 formed of
fused basal articles, elongate. Article 5 of peduncle on
antenna 2 very short. At least one palp of maxilla 1
bent or claviform. Gnathopods feeble. Article 4 of
pereopods 3-4 greatly elongate relative to article 5.
See Vitjazianidae, Stilipedidae (= Astyridae) and
Synopiidae.
Description. Body laterally compressed, smooth or
carinate. Head huge to small, lobate or globular, rostrum
weak or absent. Except for any processes present,
articles of peduncle on antenna 1 short, article 2 often
produced; articles of accessory flagellum slender,
basalmost usually elongate; elongate article 1 of
primary flagellum strongly armed with setules or
aesthetascs. Antenna 2 very thin, basal article of
flagellum usually elongate.
Labrum with small distal incision. Body of mandible
small,. incisor. simple or scarcely toothed,. right lacinia
mobilis present, rakers sparse and weak; molar
triturative or simple and feeble; palp ordinary to
greatly elongate, article 3 very short relative to article
2, setae = DE. Inner lobes of lower lip when present
fused, mandibular lobes ordinary to greatly alate.
Inner plate of· maxilla 1 .triangular or ovate, well
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
setose or almost naked, spines of outer plate mostly
thin, simple, discontiguous or scattered, palp 2-articulate,
often scaly, usually poorly setose and bent apically, but
also asymmetric, with opposite· member more regular.
Maxilla 2 ordinary, plates of medium width, similar,
apically setose. Plates of maxilliped broad, outer plate
short, medially armed, palp very long and thin,
dominating plates, 4-articulate, dactyl unguiform.
Coxae variable. Gnathopods feeble but· long and
thin, simple or weakly subchelate, gnathopod 2 longer
than 1, carpus usually longer than propodus. Dactyls of
pereopods 3-4 elongate, curving back on propodus,
thus almost prehensile. All other pereopodal features
variable.
Epimera regular. Pleopods ordinary. Urosome and
uropods large, uropods extending subequaUy, uropod 1
very elongate, outer rami of uropods 1-2 usually
shortened, inner ramus of uropod 3 shortened,
peduncle of uropod 3 slightly ~longate. Telson elongate,
emarginate or cleft, poorly arrped though often
cuspidate.
Relationship. The elongate article 4 of pereopods
in relation to the very short article 5 differentiates
Hyperiopsidae from .Stilipedidae (= Astyridae),
Vitjazianidae, Synopiidae and Pardaliscidae. The
Vitjazianidae are otherwise very closely similar and may
have to be joined to Hyperiopsidae because of
congruence in antennae, gnathopods, maxilliped (broad
outer·· plate with very thin dominant palp), but article 5
3~4
373
of antenna 2 is not shortened in Vitjazianidae. Article 4
of pereopods 3-4 in Vitjaziana is elongate but so is article
5. The mandibles of the two families look similar but
the maxillary palps of Vitjazianidae are not as modified
as those in Hyperiopsidae.
Some of the Stilipedidae such as Alexandrella with
bent maxillary palps, are not very remote from
Hyperiopsidae but Stilipedidae have coxa 1 broadened
relative both to coxae 2 and 4, article 2 of pereopods
5-7 is diversely shaped and article 1 of the primary
flagellum on antenna 1 is not elongate, whereas article
5 of antenna 2 is not shortened. The maxilliped of
Stilipes in Stilipedidae and of Hyperiopsidae is strikingly
similar. ~
A member of Hyperiopsidae could almost be built
from a mixture of parts drawn from various taxa of the
Synopiidae but the short article 5 of antenna 2, bent
maxillary palps, elongate article 4 of pereopods 3-4
and small rostrum of Hyperiopsidae combined together
are characteristic.
The Pardaliscidae are characterised by the strange
maxilliped with poorly developed inner plates, and the
flat mandibles with broad incisors.
The two genera associated in this family appear as day
and night, Hyperiopsis looking like a .member of
Hyperiidea with globular head and thin pereopods,
whereas Parargissa looks like an ornamented,
specialised member of the benthos. But they do share
the familial characteristics as cited in the diagnosis and
have many amazingly coincident attributes.
Key to Genera of Hyperiopsidae
Coxae 1-4 small, similar in size and shape, article 4 of
pereopods 3-4 elongate and broadly expanded
Hyperiopsis
--Coxae 1-3 small and mostly hidden by large coxa 4,
article 4 of pereopods 3-4 elongate but slender
Parargissa
1.
Hyperiopsis Sars
Figs 72B,D,E
Hyperiopsis .Sars, 1885: 23J.
Type species.
monotypy.
Hyperiopsis
voringii
Sars,
1885,
Diagnosis. Peduncular article 2 of .antenna 1
unproduced. Labium with alate mandibular lobes
greatly extended. Coxae 1-4 subequal in size,
generally similar, weakly rounded below, none
hidden. Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 broadly expanded;
article 2 of pereopods 5-7 rectolinear.
Description. Body smooth or weakly carinate.
Head larger than pereonites 1-2 together, globular,·
lateral lobes absent or obsolescent. .Flagellum of
antenna 2 short. and articles mostly fused together.
Mandibular molar small .but distinct or ,well
developed, triturative;palpelongate.. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 with 1 apical seta. Dactyl(s) ·of .pereopods
5-7 elongate (one at least). Telson barelyemarginate
or minutely cleft. Gills 2-7, large, simple; oostegites
slender.
Variables. Head with interantennal spike (rostrum)
(H. tridentata); gnathopods diverse, thus gnathopod 1
simple but gnathopod 2 with very linear articles 5-6
but oblique apical palm well developed (H.
laticarpa); pereonite 7 posterodistally produced (H.
gibbosa); telson trifid apically (H. tridentata) or bifid
with medial gape (H. gibbosa).
374
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Species. See Gurjanova (1962); H. anomala
Birstein & Vinogradov, 1960 [523A]; H. australis
Walker, 1906b, 1907 [876N]; H. gibbosa Pirlot, 1934
[602B]; H. laticarpa Birstein & Vinogradov, 1955,
1958, 1960, 1964 [600A]; H. tridentata K.H. Bamard,
1937 [420BA]; H. vitjazi Birstein &Vinogradov, 1958,
1960 [325A]; H. voringii Sars, 1885 (Schellenberg,
1927) (Stephensen, 1934, 1942) (Gurjanova,
1951) (Birstein & Vinogradov, 1970) [200BA].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cold water
cosmopolitan, mostly neritic (Ross Sea) or pelagic, 276400 m, 7 species.
~)
E
c
c
c
Fig.72. Hyperiopsidae. A, Parargissa galatheae; B, Hyperiopsis gibbosa; C, Parargissa arquata; D, Hyperiopsis
voringii;E, Hyperiopsis laticarpa.
B
Bamard & Karaman:Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Parargissa Chevreux
Figs 72A,C
Parargissa Chevreux, 1908g: 9.
Protohyperiopsis Birstein & Vinogradov, 1955: 236
(Protohyperiopsis arquata Birstein & Vinogradov, 1955,
original designation).
375
Birstein & Vinogradov, 1960, 1964 [600BA]; P. galatheae
J.L. Barnard, 1961a (Andres, 1977), P. g. americana J.L.
Barnard, 1961a [420A]; P. longipes Birstein &
Vinogradov, 1960 [528B]; P. nasuta Chev~eux, 1908g,
1935 [304B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cold water
cosmopolitan, 1300-5315 m, pelagic or demersal, 6
species.
Type species. Parargissa nasuta Chevreux, 1908g,
original designation.
ICILIIDAE Dana, 1849
Diagnosis. Peduncular article 2 of antenna 1 with
apical process. Labium ordinary, mandibular lobes not
greatly extended. Coxae 1-3 small and mostly hidden
by large coxa 4. Article 4 of pereopods 3-4 narrow;
article 2 of pereopods 5-7 expanded, shape on 7
distinct from 5-6.
Description. Body carinate dorsally, laterally and
sometimes on coxae 4-6. Head smaller than pereonites
1-2 together, lateral cephalic lobes well developed.
Flagellum of antenna 2 long and multiarticulate.
Mandibular molar feeble, not triturative; palp not
elongate. Inner plate of maxilla 1 with 5+ medial setae.
Inner plate of maxilla 2 with facial row of setae. Coxa
2 usually larger than coxa~ 1 or 3. Dactyls of
pereopods 5-7 short or elongate. Telson deeply cleft,
each apex notched (type) or not. Gills ovoid; oostegites
narrow.
Variables. Article 1 of antenna 1 also with apical
process(es) (P. arquata, P. affinis, P. galatheae); inner
plate of maxillae 2 with medial setae and facial row of
setae (P. arquata,P. affinis, P. longipes, P. galatheae);
gnathopod 2 simple (P. galatheae) or weakly
subchelate (P. curticornis); article 2 of pereopods 5-7 of
similar size and width but on pereopod 7 not sharply
lobate posteroventrally (P. galatheae), broad and short
on pereopods 5-6, narrow and long on pereopod 7 (P.
nasuta); dactyls of pereopods 5-7 short (P. galatheae)
or long (P. nasuta); rami or uropods 1-2 subeql;lal
(type, P. longipes), outer ramus shortened (P. affinis);
inner ramus of uropod 3 significantly shortened and
thin (P. affinis, P. nasuta) or subequal to outer ramus
(P. galatheae); outer ramus of uropod 3 2-articulate (P.
affinis, P. curticornis, P. nasuta) or I-articulate (P.
galatheae); telsonic lobes unnotched (P. longipes).
Remarks. The wide variability of attributes is
notable but not worthy of generic division as one can
hardly mistake a species of Parargissa; no purpose is
served to divide the species until the world oceans
reveal more taxa.
Species. Parargissa affinis Birstein & Vinogradov,
1960 [528B]; P. arquata (Birstein & Vinogradov, 1955,
1958, 1960, 1964) (= P. intermedia Birstein & Vinogradov,
1963) (Gurjanova, 1962) 1600BA]; P. curticornis
Diagnosis. Body depressed; head depressed, eyes
bulging. Antenna 2 longer than 1, articles 1-2 of
antenna 1 elongate, accessory flagellum I-articulate,
cylindrical. Mandibular incisor present, molar large,
strongly triturative, rakers present, palp well developed.
Maxillae ordinary, palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate. Inner
plates of maxillipeds ordinary, well armed, outer plates
large, palp huge. Coxae 1-2 much smaller than 3-4 but
free, other coxae short, contiguous, mostly sharply
squared or acuminate, coxa 4 not distinctly excavate
posteriorly. Gnathopods feeble, equal, simple, long and
thin, strongly setose posteriorly. Article 2 of
pereopods 5-7 unexpanded, bases with processiferous
posterodistal lobes. Peduncle of uropod 3 short, with
medial process supporting long inner ramus, inner rami
variable, almost as long as peduncle or more than twice
as long as peduncle, lanceolate or paddle;.,shaped, outer
rami (usually much) shorter than outer, usually not
longer than peduncle. Telson short, 'not fleshy', as broad
as long, uncleft.
See Dulichiidae, Maxillipiidae, Melphidippidae,
Amphilochidae, Colomastigidae, Dexaminidae
and Pardaliscidae.
Description. Body weakly carinate on pleon.
Head with tiny rostrum, eyes bulging, bilateral,
ommatidial, medium to large. Articles 1-2 of antenna 1
elongate. Incisors extended, toothed, laciniae mobiles
present, 6-7 rakers present; molar large, columnar,
strongly triturative, palp well developed, 3-articulate,
article 3 weakly curved but shorter than 2. Outer lobes
of lower lip not appressed, inner lobes large and
fleshy, mandibular lobes blunt and broad. Inner plate
of maxilla 1 medium, apically and subapically setose,
outer plate with 11 spines, palp long and 2-articulate.
Plates of maxilla 2 slender, apically setose, inner
plate well setose medially. Inner plates of maxillipeds
ordinary, with many apical setae and 3 spines, outer
plates well setose medially, palp article 2 weakly
~x.pancl~cl, setQse medially, article 3 curved, dactyl
unguiform.
Article 2 of gnathopods 1-2 slender, articles 3-4
short; carpus··· and propodus subequally elongate,
strongly setose posteriorly, carpus broadest, not lobate,
propodus very thin, palm absent, dactyl well
developed, curved, sharp. Pereopods 3-7 slender,
376
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
article 4
short and fleshy,
Pleopods short,
peduncles often
rami as long as
peduncles. Epimeron 2 larger than 3. Urosomites
separate, 1 largest,
not elongate. Rami of uropods
1-3 rectangular or lanceolate or
of uropod 3
paddle-sh'lped, outer rami of uropods 1-3 shortened.
Sexual dimorphism. Male unknown.
Relationship. Said by Laubitz (1983a) to be close
to Paramphithoidae (= Iphimediidae) on the basis of
~//
!.•. ~\\JJ.I"\.'
1i~
f(L
~~'
'."~'"
',-'/->~~
.." " " '
u
...
\-./
I
Fig.73. Iciliidae. IcUius australis; see also Fig.119 C,H.
'\
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
acuminate coxae, vestigial accessory flagellum,
ordinary mouthparts, and simple gnathopods.
Differing from Dulichiidae in the non-fleshy telson,
shorter urosomite 1, much better developed uropod
3, lack of any fusion in body segments, (?possible
lack of flexion of urosome), and feeble gnathopod 2.
Differing from Corophioidea in general .in the
combination of very elongate antenna 2, very
elongate, identical and simple gnathopods 1-2, short
p~duncle on uropod 3 with outer ramus twice as long
as peduncle, with inner ramus supported by
peduncular process and longer than outer ramus (if
not broken .off), weakly acuminate coxae and nonfleshy telson.
See Maxillipiidae for its distinctions.
I cillus Dana
Figs 73,106
Icilius Dana, 1849: 140 (no species).-Dana, 1852a: 220.Dana, 1853: 144.-Laubitz, 1983a: 78.
Type species. Icilius ovalis Dana, 1852a, monotypy.
Diagnosis. With the familial characters.
Species. See StebbiQ.g (1906), who followed Della
Valle (1893) in fusing all species but later Stebbing
(1910a) redistinguished them; I. australis HaswelI,
1879a, 1882 (Stebbing, 1910a) (Chilton, 1921d) (Hale,
1929) [784]; I. danae Stebbing, 1888, 1910a [784]; I. ovalis
Dana, 1852a, 1853 (= I. ellipticus Dana, 1853) [647]; I.
punctatus Haswell, 1879b (Stebbing, 1910a) [7811].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, north Borneo
and southern Australia, 31-108 m, 4 species.
IPANEMIDAE Barnard & Thomas, 1988
Diagnosis. Rostrum weak, broad; cheek strong.
Antenna 1 of neither haustoriid nor urothoid form,
peduncle short, no articles elongate, each thick, article
1 with weak setation, article 2 furnished with dense
row of spines, article 3 about 0.67 as long as article 1,
poorly armed;, no geniculations present; flagellum
longer than peduncle and heavily armed with
aesthetascs; accessory flagellum 2-articulate. Antenna 2
of urothoid form, articles 4 and 5 slender, with long
lines of spines not organised into ranks, .posterior
margins lacking glass-spines (typical of Urohaustoriidae),
ordinary setae and bulbar setae extremely sparse,
flagellum very short, 2-articulate. Epistome and upper lip
fused together, lower margin rounded. Right and left
mandibles alike, with narrow but stubby· and simple
incisors lacking teeth, laciniae mobiles alike, rakers
377
absent, molar of medium size (compared to Urothoidae),
weakly triturative, choppers weak to absent; palp 3articulate, article 3 with urohaustoriid setal-spine
distribution (versus urothoid setal distribution), spines
hooked but unawned. Lower lip with mandibular lobes
well developed. Maxilla 1 with 2-articulate palp, inner
plate small and spout-like, nalced. Inner plate of maxilla
2 without oblique facial seta row, with one medial seta.
Maxillipeds with unexpanded bases and no baler
lobes, with rather small inner plate but normally
enlarged and spinose outer plate; palp 4-articulate,
article 2 expanded, article 4 rectangular, with 2 thin nail ~
setae.
Coxae 1~2 minute and hidden by coxa 3, coxa 4
dominant, weakly excavate behind, coxa 3 adze~
shaped; coxae 5-6 with comma~shaped posterior lobe.
Gnathopods feeble, subsimilar, simple (gnathopod 2
with minute palm), article 3 short. Article 5 of
pereopods 3-4 slender, not lobate; dactyl~ of
pereopods 3-7 well developed; pereopod 5 of weakly
haustorius form, article 2 expanded, 'lrticles 4-5 weakly
expanded and with few facial spines; article 2 of
pereopods 5 and 7 diverse, with that of pereopod 6
intermediate in form; no pereopod with underslung
articulation. Gills on coxae 2-5 only, 6-7 apparently
without gills because of long forward reach of beating
pleopods, gill 2 (on coxa 2) spear-shaped, others
decreasing in size, subrectangular sacs.
Pleopods like urohaustoriids, pleopod 3 inferior;
peduncles as long as wide. Epimeron 1 fully developed,
small, with 1 seta, epimera 2-3 equally dominant, all
epimera with posterodorsal 'hip'. Urosomites ordinary.
Rami of uropod 1 styliform, naked; of uropod 2 rod-like
and spinose; uropod 3 of ordinary haustorioidphoxocephalidkind, neither ramus dominant, article 2
on outer ramus small and poorly setose. Telson very
short, much wider than long, essentially entire, each
side with alate lobe projecting upward.
Relationship.
Differing
from
the
Phoxocephalopsidae in the completely distinctive
antennae· 1-2, of which antenna 1. has a heavily spinose
(versus setose) article 2 and the accessory flagellum is
poorly developed; of which antenna 2 has slender
articles 4-5 bearing large facial spines in lines rather
than small spines in ranks and on which the posterior
margins have almost no. long setae, almost no bulbar
setae and no glass spines. Also differing from
Phoxocephalopsidae in the thin article 5 of pereopods
3-4;. the diversity of article 2 on pereopods 5-7, with
article 2 on pereopod 5 constricted apically; thin apical
articles of pereopods 5-7; the presence of a long
comma-shaped posterior lobe on coxae 5-6; the equal
size of epimera 2.. 3 and the hips on epimera 1..3; the
strange telson (versus ordinary and cleft); and the
reduced inner plate of maxilla 1. lacking. a seta.
Differing from Urothoidae in the short articles of the
peduncle on antenna 1, with article 2 heavily spinose;
the long primary flagellum of antenna 1; the kind and
distribution of setal-spines on article 3 of the
378
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
mandibular palp (versus regular setae and presence
of an A-seta in Urothoidae); the tiny coxae 1-2; the
hipped shapes of epimera 1-3; arid the more delicate
mandible.
Phoxocephalopsidae and Urothoidae appear to be
more closely related than previously perceived: both
have a well-developed lateral cephalic cheek, styliform
rami on uropods 1-2 and many similarities in mandibles,
maxillae, and maxillipeds. Phoxocephalopsids differ from
urothoids principally in the antennae, in which articles 13 of antenna 1 are short, not geniculate, and bear a huge
setal patch on article 2; article 4 of antenna 2 is widely
expanded and bears 3 kinds of posterior armaments,
including glass spines; article 5 also is expanded and
bears 2 kinds of armaments posteriorly; the mandibular
palp bears hooked setal-spines and the dactyl of the
maxilUped is less elongate and less unguiform.
Differing from the Cheidae in the large molar and
lack of significant rostrum, normal uropod 2,
untoothed incisors and simple. gnathopods.
Differing from the complex Pontoporeiidae in the
shortened peduncles of the pleopods, the short article 1
of antenna 1 and the lack of long setae (distinct
from spines) on pereopods 5-7; also differing from
all pontoporeiids except Priscillina in the spinose
antenna 2.
Differing from the Haustoriidae in the 4-articulate
(versus 3-) palp of the maxilliped, the presence of only
spines (no flexible setae) on pereopods 5-7, the
hidden coxae 1-2, large mandibular lobes of the lower
lip, the presence of only a few stiff spines (no long
flexible setae) on mandibular palp article 3, the
unexpanded article 4 of antenna 2, the poor setation on
the inner plates of maxillae 1-2 and the ordinary, nonenlarged outer plate of maxilla 2.
lpanema Bamard & Thomas
Ipanema Bamard & Thomas, 1988: 617.
Type species. Ipanema talpa Barnard &
1988, original designation.
Thomas
Diagnosis. With the characters of the family.
Species. Ipanema talpa Bamard & Thomas, 1988
[751].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Brazil, sandy
beaches, 4 m, 1 species.
IPHIMEDIIDAE Boeck, 1871b
Iphimedinae [sic] Boeck, 1871b: 178.
Epimerinae Boeck, 1871b: 183.
Acanthonotozomatidae Stebbing, 1906: 210.
Paramphithoidae Stebbing, 1906: 320.
Ochlesidae Stebbing, 1910a: 581 (but see as separate
subfamily).
Amathillopsidae Pirlot, 1934: 201.
Diagnosis. Body compressed. Rostrum well
developed. Accessory flagellum 0 to 2-articulate. At
least 1 member of coxae 1-4 acuminate downward (not
just sharp anteroventral point on coxa 1).
See Dexaminidae, Eusiridae, Haustoriidae,
Lafystiidae, Pardaliscidae, Stegocephalidae and
Stilipedidae (= Astyridae).
Description. Body usually with dorsal teeth
(except Iphimedia gibba), rostrum usually large,
epimeron 3 often with 2 large cusps, occasionally body
or coxae with surficial cusps or rarely articulate spines.
Antennae well developed, long or short: accessory
flagellum 0 to 2-articulate, short. Mouthparts forming
conical (piercing-sucking) or quadrate bundle.
Epistome and labrum highly variable, broad or narrow,
long or short, incised or entire. Mandibular palp always
present, 3-articulate; incisor variable, ordinary, toothed
to needle shaped or blunt, untoothed, callused or
hollowed out; raker row strong, short or long, feeble or
absent; molar large and triturative, small and simple,
laminar or absent, occasionally with raker row running
onto surface. Labium with or without separate or fused
inner lobes, outer lobes notched or not. Inner plate of
maxilla 1 minute or ordinary, usually medially setose;
outer plate oblique, with or without distal spines; palp
large or small, 1 to 2-articulate. Inner plate of maxilla 2
rarely with facial setae. Palp of maxilliped 3 to 4articulate, article 2 often produced medially.
Coxae 1-4 more or less acuminate, coxae 3-4
occasionally forming together ventral crescentic curve.
Coxa 5 much shorter than 4. Gnathopods feeble, rarely
gnathopod 2 weakly enlarged and with lobate carpus,
gnathopods usually feeble and with elongate. thin
articles 5-6, simple, subchelate or parachelate, article 3
rarely elongate. Article 2 of pereopods 5-7 usually
with posterior cusps or teeth. Urosomites free.
Uropods 1-3 biramous. Rami of uropod 3 longer than
peduncle, flattened, lanceolate, usually I-articulate.
Telson entire or weakly incised, generally not longer
than peduncle of uropod 3.
Relationship. The acumination of at least one of
coxae 1-4 differentiates Iphimediidae from Eusiridae
(such as Cleonardopsis). Oradarea and Cleippides are
simply iphimediids with untapering coxae.
The Lafystiidae have a 2-articulate palp on the
maxilliped but otherwise scarcely differ from
Iphimediidae.
The Ochlesinae, treated here as a subfamily, lack any
maxillipedal palp or bear a vestige and have reduced
antennal flagella.
The Pardaliscidae have poorly developed inner
plates on the maxillipeds and one of the mandibles is
heavily flattened; usually pardaliscids have an
Bamard & Kararnan: Marine Garnrnaridean Arnphipoda
elongate accessory flagellum. Most Pardaliscidae have
evenly extending coxae 1-7, there being little
difference in the ventral extension of these plates.
The Stilipedidae (= Astyridae) have an expanded,
non-acuminate coxa 1, and foliaceous mandibles and
maxillae 1 and 2, though Maxilliphimedia in the
Iphimediidae has a foliaceous palp on maxilla 1 thereby
narrowing the distinctiveness of the 2 groups.
Astyra scarcely differs from. Iphimediidae; its lower lip
has widely separated outer lobes and the gnathopods
have a characteristic pattern, the carpus being weakly
lobate but much wider than the thin, simple propodus.
Stilipes has an exaggerated version of this kind of
gnathopod but the carpus is not so strongly lobate as it
is strongly enlarged.
Stegocephalidae lack a mandibular palp.
Dexaminidae have fusion of certain urosomites and
normal maxillipeds.
Pleustidae have characteristic lower lips. Mesopleustes
is a link.
Gammaridans with acuminate coxae have a large
accessory flagellum and normal maxillipeds.
Within Pontoporeiidae Priscillina also bears acuminate
coxae but differs otherwise from ·Iphimediidae in the
multiarticulate accessory flagellum and short inner
ramus of uropod 3 (gammaroid).
Cleonardopsis is a link bridging the gap between
Iphimediidae and Eusiridae; Cleonardopsis has a cleft
telson and non-acuminate coxae.
Rhachotropis intergrades Eusiridae and Iphimediidae
but is distinguished from Iphimediidae in the large
gnathopods with expanded propodus and short deeply
lobate carpus; the telson is elongate.
Oradarea in the Eusiridae has an occasional species
with incipiently acuminate coxae.
Regalia in the Eusiridae is like iphimediids in the
doubled tooth of epimeron 3 but the coxae are very
small and unpointed.
Parepimeriella irregularis has rounded untapering
coxae and is placed in this family on the basis of
derivation . from typical Iphimediidae.
Cleippides quadricuspis has points on some anterior
coxae but no coxa tapers to a single point
downward.
Iphimediids such as Amathillopsis are links to eusiridcalliopiid groups.
Removal. Bathypanoploea and its synonyms are
removed to Stilipedidae, but these contents remain
cited in the key to the genera of Iphimediidae.Eclysis
and Epimeriella are removed to the Stilipedidae by
Andres (1986a) and we do not necessarily disagree but
Epimeriella does not fit our system of identification
because coxa 1 is not expanded and therefore we
must leave it in Iphimediidae for identification
reasons.
Key 1 to Subfamilies of Iphimediidae
1.
Palp of maxilliped with 0-2 articles
(see at
t~rminus
of Iphimediinae) Ochlesinae
--Palp of maxilliped with 3-4 articles
(Iphimediinae) Key A
Key A to Genera of Iphimediidae
1.
Gnathopod
- - Gnathopod
2.
~
simple or subchelate
chelate
Molar moderately well
forming smooth ring
developed and triturative or
3
12
Carpus of gnathopods 1-2 lobate ...........................•........................................•. ~.·
--Carpus of gnathopods 1-2 not lobate
4.
4
6
Molar forming smooth ring
- - Molar broadly triturative
2
18
- - Molar simple or absent
3.
379
(Eusiridae) Cleippides (part)
:
5
380
R.~cords
5.
of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Peduncles of antennae 1-2 less than twice as long as
head
(Gammarellidae) Austroregia and (Pleustidae) Mesopleustes
-..-. Peduncles of antennae more than 3 times as long as
h.ead
~
6.
Coxa 4 with 2 ventral points
7
~
-.-Coxa 4 with 0-1 ventral point
7.
~
Epimeron 3 with 1 tooth, coxae 5-6 with 1 point
H
•••••••••
-.-.. Epimeron 3 with 4- teeth, coxae 5-6 with Z points
8.
Amathillopsis
10
Austroregia and Actinacanthus
~
Gnathopods simple, mandibular raker row absent,
incisor and molareaGh contiguous and formed of
smooth rings
~
~
8
!' •••••
(Eusiridae) Cleippides
-.....-...-. Gnatl1opods subchelate, mandibular raker row present,
incisor· toothed and normal, molar of normal tritura:tive
·column .....................•..................................................................................................................... 9
9.
Propodus of gnathppods ovate, coxa 4 and epimeron 3
(Gammarellidae) Austroregia (part)
each with ,only 1 tooth .. ~
- - Propodus of gnathopods rectilinear,coxa 4 and
epimeron 3 each with 2 teeth
~
Paramphithoe
10. Coxae 3-4 not forming ventral crescentic curve,
weak inner lobe of labium present .............•• (and Austroregia and Cleippides) Parepimeria
- - Coxae 3-4 forming ventral
lobes of lower lip absent
crescentic
curve,
inner
~
11
11. Maxillipedal palp 3-articulate
Metepimeria
--Maxillipedal palp 4-articulate
~
12. Rakers well developed
- - Rakers vestigial or absent
13. Coxa 2 shortened
Epimeria
13
~ ........................................•........................... 16
~
Acanthonotozomella
-·-Coxa.2 ordinary .........................................................................................................•......... ~ ..... 14
14. Coxae 3-4 forming ventral crescentic curve
- - Coxae 3-4 not forming ventral crescentic curve
15. Telson incised, dorsal teeth sharp
Epimeriella
15
(Stilipedidae) Bathypanoploea
--.. Telson entire, dorsal teeth rounded ......................................................•. Acanthonotozomopsis
16.. Palp article 2 of IIlaxilliped produced
- - Palp article 2 of maxilliped not produced
17. Gnathopod 2 simple
Acanthonotozornoides
17
Nodotergum
-_.- Gnathopod 2 subchelate ..............................................•..........•........................ Acanthonotozoma
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
18. Rakers and triturative molar
1--'.1."-,.:)""'.1..1.1.- •••••••, ••••••••••••••••••••••••, ••••••••••••• ,• •••••••••, ••••••••••••• ,•••••••••••••• ,••••••••
--Rakers and triturative molar not present
23
19. Body covered with articulate spines
Uschakoviella
--Body with cusps or no processes, no articulate spines
20. Gnathopod 2 simple;
subrounded distally
19
20
outer lobes of labium short,
,
Dikwa
-'- ' Gnathopod 2 subchelate; outer lobe of labium long,
subpointed distally
21
21. Carpus of gnathopod 2 narrow,
narrow
long,
propodus long,
Stegopanoploea
- - Carpus of gnathopod 2 stout, short, propodus dilated
22
22. Palp article 4 of maxilliped absent
!
- - Palp article 4 of maxilliped obsolescent
Postodius
Odius
23. Palp of maxilla 1 flabellate
Maxilliphimedia
- - Palp of maxilla 1 not flabellate
24
24. Mandible extraordinary
25
~-
--Mandible ordinary
25. Incisor needle-like
n
Parapanoploea
- - Incisor thick
2fJ
26. Incisor hollowed
Labriphimedia
- - Incisor calloused
Gnathiphimedia
27. Body or coxae with fixed cusps on surfaces
Echiniphimedia
--Body or coxae lacking surficial cusps, teeth always
marginal
28
28. Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate (always reduced)
~
- - Palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate (occasionally reduced) ............................................•................ 31
29. Palp article 2 of maxilliped unproduced
Paranchiphimedia
- - Palp article 2 of maxilliped produced
30
30. Incisor toothed
- - Incisor smooth
Pariphimedia
,
31. Palp article 2 of maxilliped produced
- - Palp article 2 of maxilliped weakly produced or not
produced
~
"
Coboldus
32
:! ••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••• 33
381
382
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
32. Accessory flagellum absent,
absent
inner lobe of labium
/phimedia
- - Accessory flagellum present, inner lobe of labium
present
Anisoiphimedia
33. Palp of maxilla 1 reduced
Anchiphimedia
- - Palp of maxilla 1 not reduced
34-
34. Mandible not cutting in frontal plane
/phimediella
--Mandible cutting in frontal plane
Pseudiphimediella
Key 2 to Subfamilies of Iphimediidae
Palp of maxilliped 0 to 2-articulate
(see at terminus of Iphimediinae) Ochlesinae
- - Palp of maxilliped 3 to 4-articulate
Iphimediinae Key B
1.
Key B to Genera of Iphimediidae
1.
Mandibular rakers large
2
- - Mandibular rakers tiny or absent
2.
Carpus of either gnathopods 1 or 2 lobate
--Carpus of gnathopods 1-2 not lobate
3.
Gnathopod
chelate
3
6
Odius
- - Gnathopod 1 subchelate or simple
4.
16
Antennae 1-2 greatly elongate
4
Amathillopsis
-,-'- Antennae 1-2 short
5.
5
Coxae 5-6 together forming crescentic curve below
Epimeria
- - Coxae 5-6 not closely interacting
,
.
............................................................ (Gammarellidae) Austroregia (Pleustidae) Mesopleustes
6.
Gnathopod 1 chelate
Dikwa
- - Gnathopod 1 not chelate
7.
7
Coxae 3-4 forming ventral excavation in form of
crescent
- - Coxae 3-4 not forming ventral crescentic excavation
8.
Gnathopods subchelate ..
-'-
Gnathopods simple
8
11
! •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
9
10
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
9.
Mandibular molar simple, small
Epimeriella
- - Mandibular molar triturative, large
Epimeria
10. Palp of maxilliped 4-articulate
See couplet 5
--Palp of maxilliped 3-articulate
Metepimeria
11. Coxae 2-4 very sharp apically, coxa 4 with 2+ sharp
ventral teeth
12
- - Coxae 2-4 blunt apically, coxa 4 with 0-1 sharp ventral
teeth
13
12. Coxa 1 pointing forward, coxae 5-6 bifid epimeron 3
bicuspidate
Paramphithoe
- - Coxa 1 pointing downward, coxae 5-6 simple, epimeron
3 monocuspidate
~
Actinacanthus
13. Molar triturative, gnathopod 1 flagellate
Parepimeria
- - Molar absent or vestigial, gnathopod 1 not flagellate
14
14. Telson incised
Bathypanoploea
~
--Telson entire
15. Coxa 2 shortened
'
- - Coxa 2 ordinary
16. Gnathopod 1 simple
15
Acanthonotozomella
Acanthonotozomopsis
~ ...................•.......................................
- - Gnathopod 1 chelate .. \........................................................................•.......................,
17
:2()
17. Gnathopod 2 chelate ...................................................... ............................•.............. Nodotergum
- - Gnathopod 2, simple
18. Palp article 2 of maxilliped produced
-,-
Palp article 2 of maxilliped not produced
18
Acanthonotozomoides
19
19. Incisor forming large half ring adjacent to large molarial
ring, gnathopods alike, not flagellar
Cleippides
- - Incisor forming jagged point, molar simple and remote
from incisor, gnathopods diverse, gnathopod 1 flagellar
Acanthonotozoma
20. Palp article 4 of maxilliped well developed, body
covered with articulate spines .......................................................................•....... Uschakoviella
- - ~alp article 4()f ll1~xillipe~ \Vea}( or abs~Ilt, b()d.Y ()ften.
with fixed teeth and cusps but few or no articulate spines
21
21. Palp article 2 of maxilliped unproduced
22
- - Palp article 2 of maxilliped produced
29
383
384
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
22. Mandibular incisor with callus or hollow
23
- - Mandibular incisor lacking hollow or callus
24
23. Incisor smooth, calloused
Gnathiphimedia
_._. Incisor hollowed, scoop.;.shaped
24. Mandibular incisor
shortened
extended,
Labriphimedia
needle-shaped,
coxa 2
Parapanoploea
- - Mandibular incisor not extended in needle-like form,
coxa 2 not shortened
25
25. Palp article 2 of maxilla 1 lamelliforrn
Maxilliphimedia
- - Palp article 2 of maxilla 1 ordinary
26
26. Palp of maxilla 1 shortened, body lacking surficial
cusps
T1
- - Palp of maxilla 1 ordinary, body with few too many
surficial cusps
28
27. Palp of maxilla 1 with 2 articles
Anchiphimedia
--Palp of maxilla 1 with 1 article
Paranchiphimedia
28. Surface of body segments or coxae with cusps
Echiniphimedia
- - Cusps only at edges of body segments or coxae
Pseudiphimediella
29. Palp of maxilla 1 shortened
:3()
--Palp of. maxilla 1 .ordinary
32
30. Mandibular incisor smooth
Coboldus
--. Mandibular incisor serrate
31
31. Palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate
Stegopanoploea
--Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate
Pariphimedia
32. Body with extra surficial cusps
Echiniphimedia
- - Body without extra surficial cusps, only with dorsal
elements
33
33. Lobes of labium un-notched, article 2 of maxillipedal
palp unproduced
subgenus (/phimediella)
- - Lobes of labium notched, article 2 of maxillipedal palp
produced
34-
34. Accessory flagellum present; inner lobes of labium
present
Anisoiphimedia
u
-.-
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Accessory flagellum absent; inner lobes of labium
absent
~
/phimedia
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Iphimediinae
Boeck, 1871b
385
Acanthonotozomella Schellenberg
Fig.76G
Diagnosis. Palp of maxilliped with 3-4 articles.
Acanthonotozomella Schellenberg, 1926a: 332.-Watling &
Holman, 1980: 609.
Paracanthonotozoma
Bellan-Santini,
1972b:
177
(Paracanthonotozoma trispinosum Bellan-Santini, 1972b,
original designation).
Acanthonotozoma Boeck
Figs 74M, 75C,E, 76E, 77A
Acanthonotus Ross, 1835: 90 (Acanthonotus cristatus
Ross, 1835, original designation) [homonym,Pisces].
Acanthonotozoma Boeck, 1876: 237 [new name, same type
species].-Just, 1978: 12.-Karaman & Barnard, 1979:
107.
Panoploeopsis Kunkel, 1910: 23 (Panoploeopsis porta
Kunkel, 1910, monotypy).
Type species. Acanthonotus cristatus Ross,
original designation.
1835,
Diago.osis. Body covered with teeth or processes.
Antenna 1: peduncular article 2 shorter than 1.
Mouthparts projecting conically. Labrum scarcely
incised, epistome not very broad. Mandibular incisor
broad,. not toothed or simple; rakers absent; molar
obsolescent. Labium: inner lobes absent, outer
variable. Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2 ordinary.
Maxilla 2: inner plate without facial row of setae.
Maxillipeds: inner plate narrower but as long as outer
plate; palp article 2 unproduced; palp article 4 small or
absent (= Panoploeopsis). Coxae 1-4 progressively
longer, acuminate; 4-5 forming ventral arc; coxa 4
polycuspidate. Gnathopods diverse, of different
sizes, articles 5-6 elongate,. gnathopod 2 stout, setose,
both gnathopods simple. Telson incised, or cleft,
short.
Relationship. Differing from Epimeria and allies in
the loss of raker spines and .gnathopod 1 much
thinner than gnathopod 2.
See Acanthonotozomoides, Cleippides and
Nodotergum.
Species. See Just (1978) for all species; A.
cristatum (Ross, 1835) (Sars, 1895) (Gurjanova, 1951)
[220 + B]; A. dunbari Just, 1978 [220]; A. gurjanovae
Just, 1978 [220]; A. inflatum (Kr~yer, 1842) (Stephensen,
1938b) [200];A ..magnum Just, 1978 [220 + Bl; A.
monodentatum Kudrjaschov, 1965b [220]; A. portum
(Kunkel, 1910) [367]; A. rusanovae Bryazgin, 1974b [200
+ B]; A. serratum (0. Fabricius, 1780) (= A. serra
Kr~yet, 1838) (Sa.rs, 1895)· (Stephensen, 1931a)
(Gurjanova, 1951) (Moore, 1984d) [216]; A. sinuatum
Just, 1978 [216 + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, circumarctic
south to 40 o N; Bermuda; 0-700 m, 10 species.
Type species. Acanthonotozomella alata Schellenberg,
1926a, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body covered with teeth. Antenna 1:
peduncular article 2 sho·rter than 1. Mouthparts
projecting conically. Labrum incised, not very broad.
Mandibular incisor ordinary, toothed; raker row long;
molar broad and blunt, simple. Labium: inner lobes
absent. Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2 ordinary.
Maxilla 2: inner plate without facial row of setae.
Maxillipeds: inner plate as long but not as broad as
outer plate, latter short; palp article 2 narrow and
unproduced; palp article 4 well developed. Coxa 2
short; coxa 4 long, weakly bicuspidate. Gnathopods
alike, articles 5-6 elongate, narrow; both gnathopods
simple. Telson broad, entire or incised.
Additional characters. Coxa 4 with posterior
protuberance (Acanthonotozomopsis).
Relationship. Characterised by the short coxa 2.
Like Acanthonotozoma, Acanthonotozomoides and
Acanthonotozomopsis
but
differing
from
Acanthonotozoma in the long raker row, similar
gnathopods,
poorly
cleft
telson;
from
Acanthonotozomoides in normal inner plate of maxilla
1, unproduced palp of maxilliped, short coxa 2 with
shape
different
from
coxae
1-2;
from
Acanthonotozomopsis in the sharp teeth of the body,
ordinary or narrow incisor, ordinary inner plate .of
maxilla 1 and posterior protuberance of coxa 4.
Differing from Bathypanoploea in the short coxa 2.
See Parapanoploea.
Species. Acanthonotozomella alata Schellenberg,
1926a [881]; A. barnardi Watling & Holman, 1980 [802B];
A. trispinosa (Bellan-Santini, 1972b) [878].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, 120384 m, 3 species.
Acanthonotozomoides Schellenberg
Acanthonotozomoides Schellenberg, 1931: 124.-Watling &
Holman, 1980: 611.
Type species. Acanthonotozomoides
Schellenberg, 1931, monotypy.
sublitoralis
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Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Diagnosis. Body covered with teeth or
processes. Antenna 1: peduncular articles 1-2 subequal.
Mouthparts projecting conically. Labrum incised;
epistome not very broad. Mandibular incisor elongate,
narrow, toothed; raker row present; molar absent.
Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate,
article 2 ordinary. Maxilla 2: inner plate without facial
row of setae. Maxillipeds: inner plate as long but
much narrower than outer plate, latter elongate; palp
article 2 narrow but apicomedially produced; palp
article 4 small. Coxae ordinary; 1-4 progressively
longer; coxa 4 polycuspidate. Gnathopods alike, articles
m
F
D DJ
H
J
r
Dz
~IVGo
Fig.74. Iphimediidae. A, Actinacanthus tricarinatus; B, Iphimedia (= Cypisiphimedia) gibba; C, Epimeria
cornigera; D, Echiniphimedia hodgsoni; E, Dikwa acranio; F, Gnathiphimedia mandibularis; G, Pariphimedia
integricauda; H, Epimeria loricata; I, Iphimedia obesa; J, Iphimedia haurakiensis; K, Labriphimedia vespuccii;
L, Paramphithoe hystrix; M, Acanthonotozoma serratum; N, Odiuscarinatus; 0, Eclysis similis.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
5-6 elongate, narrow; both gnathopods simple. Telson
entire.
Special character. Inner plate of maxilla 1 minute.
Relationship. Differing from Acanthonotozoma and
387
Acanthonotozomella in the minute inner
of
maxilla 1; and from the latter genus plus
Acanthonotozomopsis in normal unshortened coxa 2
and from all 3 in the produced article 2 of the
maxillipedal palp.
Differing from Bathypanoploea in the weak rakers
Fig.75. Iphimediidae. A, Paramphithoe hystrix; B, UschakovieUa echinophora; C, Acanthonotozoma
cristatum;D, Odius carinatus; E, Acanthonotozoma serratum; F, Labriphimedia vespuccii; G, lphimedia crenulata;
H, Parepimeria crenulata (see also Fig.116 D).
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Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
and pointed coxae 1-3.
Species. Acanthonotozomoides oatesi K.H.
Bamard, 1930, 1932 (Bellan-Santini, 1972b) (Watling &
Holman, 1981) [870]; A. sublitoralis Schellenberg, 1931
[864].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, 82236 m, 2 species.
Acanthonotozomopsis Watling & Holman
Acanthonotozomopsis Watling & Holman, 1980: 614.
Type
species.
Acanthonotozomella
Bushueva, 1978, original designation.
pushkini
Diagnosis. Body with weak posterior transverse
segmental rugae, no sharp teeth. Antenna 1: peduncular
article 2 shorter than 1. Mouthparts projecting conically.
Labrum incised, not very broad. Mandibular incisor
broad, serrate;· raker row long; molar [?absent]. Labium:
inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2
enlarged. Maxilla 2: inner plate without facial row of
setae. Maxillipeds: inner plate shorter and much
narrower than outer plate, latter elongate; palp article 2
broad but unproduced; palp article 4 obsolescent.
Coxa 2 short; 3-4 progressively longer; coxa 4
monocuspidate. Gnathopods scarcely diverse, of
different sizes, articles 5-6 elongate, both gnathopods
simple. Telson entire.
Relationship. Differing from Acanthonotozoma,
Acanthonotozomoides and Acanthonotozomella in the
lack of large sharp body processes, lack of posterior
tooth on coxa 4, the broader incisor and the
expanded article 2 of the palp on maxilla 1.
Differing from Bathypanoploea in the rounded
telson and rounded dorsal teeth.
Species. Acanthonotozomopsis pushkini (Bushueva,
o
Fig.76. Iphimediidae. A, Amathillopsis spinigera; B, Lahriphimedia hinemoa; C, Paramphithoe hystrix; D,
Maxilliphimedia longipes;E, Acanthonotozoma serratum; F,Eclysis similis; G, Acanthonotozomella
trispinosum; H, Odius carinatus; I,lphimedia obesa; J, Parepimeria crenulata; K, Lahriphimedia vespuccii; L,
Parapanoploea oxygnathia; M, Paranchiphimedia monodi.
M
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
1978) [881].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, Davis
Sea, 45 m, 1 species.
Actinacanthus Stebbing
Figs 74A, 77L
Acanthechinus Stebbing, 1888: 883 (Acanthozone tricarinata
Stebbing, 1883, monotypy) [homonym, Echinodermata].
Actinacanthus Stebbing, 1906: 326 [new name].
389
epistome not very broad. Mandibular incisor ordinary;
raker row present, toothed; molar broad and blunt,
triturative. Labium: inner lobes absent, outer lobes broad.
Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2 ordinary. Maxilla 2:
inner plate without facial row of setae. .Maxillipeds:
inner plate shorter and narrower than outer plate, latter
elongate; palp article 2 narro~ and apicomedially
unproduced; palp article 4 well developed,
unguiform. Coxae 1-4 progressively longer; coxa 4
long, polycuspidate. Gnathopods alike, articles 5-6
elongate, narrow; both gnathopods scarcely
subchelate. Telson entire.
1883, monotypy.
Additional characters. Rostrum short; article 5 of
gnathopods longer than article 6 (versus
Paramphithoe); articles 5-6 of gnathopods extremely
elongate (versus Epimeria, Amathillopsis).
Diagnosis. Body covered with teeth or processes.
Antenna 1: peduncular articles 1-2 subequal.
Mouthparts projecting quadrately. Labrum incised; it and
Relationship. Differing from Paramphithoe, Epimeria
and Amathillopsis in the extra elongation of article 5
on gnathopods "1-2; from Epimeria additionally in the
Type species. Acanthozone tricarinata Stebbing,
2
Fig.77. Iphimediidae. A, Acanthonotozoma serratum; B, Odius carinatus; C, Iphimedia odesa; D,
Nodotergum bicarinatum; E,Paramphithoe hystrix; F, Epimeria grandirostris; G, Pariphimedia integricauda;
H," Eclysis similis; I, Amathillopsis annectens; J, Parepimeria" crenulata; K, Pseudiphimediellanodosa; L,
Actinacanthus tricarinetus.
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Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
lack of ventral crescentation on coxae 4-5 and the
single tooth of epimeron 3; from Amathillopsis
additionally in the absence of lobes on article 5 of
gnathopods and the much wider development of teeth
on the antennae.
See Paramphithoe.
Species. Actinacanthus tricarinata (Stebbing, 1883,
1888, 1906) [852B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica,
Heard Island, 282 m, 1 species.
atlantica Chevreux, 1908h, 1935 (Stephensen, 1944c)
[240B]; A. australis Stebbing, 1883, 1888 (Pirlot, 1934)
[532A]; A. comoroensis Ledoyer, 1986 [618A]; A. grevei
I.L. Barnard (1961a) [715A]; A. pacifica Gurjanova, 1955b,
A. p. margo J.L. Barnard, 1967a [232A + 309A]; A.
septemdentata Ledoyer, 1978a, 1986 [619B]; A. spinigera
HelIer, 1875 (Sars, 1895) (Stephensen, 1944a,c)
(Gurjanova, 1951) [220B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan,
cold waters and deep seas, 66-3580 rn, 9 species.
Anchiphimedia K.H. Barnard
Amathillopsis HelIer
Figs 76A, 771
Anchiphimedia K.H. Barnard; 1930: 357 ......Watling &
Holman, 1981: 182.
Amathillopsis HelIer, 1875: 35.-Gurjanova, 1955b: 209 (key).
Acanthopleustes Holmes, 1908: 533 (Acanthopleustes
annectens Holmes, 1908, original designation).
Type species. Anchiphimedia dorsalis K.H. Barnard,
1930, monotypy.
Type species. Amathillopsis spinigera Heller, 1875,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body covered with teeth or processes.
Antenna 1: peduncular articles 1-2 long, subequal; or 1
shorter than 2. Mouthparts projecting quadrately.
Labrum incised or entire, very broad, thin, elongate.
Mandibular incisor ordinary, toothed; raker row
present; molar broad and blunt, triturative. Labium:
inner lobes present, weak, or coalesced. Maxilla 1 palp
2-articulate, article 2 ordinary. Maxilla 2: inner plate
without facial row of setae. Maxillipeds: .inner plate
shorter but scarcely narrower than outer plate, latter
short; palp article 2 narrow and apicomedially
unproduced; palp article 4 well developed. Coxae
ordinary; 1- 4 progressively longer; coxa 4 mono- or
polycuspidate. Gnathopods slightly enlarged, alike,
articles 5-6 ordinary, stout, article 5 lobate, both
gnathopods weakly subchelate. Telson entire or
incised.
Diagnosis. Body covered with teeth or processes.
Antenna 1: peduncular articles 1-2 long, subequal.
Mouthparts projecting conically. Labrum incised; only
upper part of epistome very broad. Mandibular incisor
ordinary, with 2 teeth, molar absent; palp long and
strong. Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: palp 2articulate, very small. Maxilla 2: inner plate without
facial row of setae. Maxillipeds: inner plate narrower
but as long as outer plate, latter elongate; palp article
2 broad but apicomedially unproduced; palp article 4
absent. Coxae ordinary; 1-4 progressively longer;
coxa 4 polycuspidate. Gnathopods alike, of similar size,
articles 5-6 elongate, narrow, article 5 unlobed,
propodus sharply parachelate. Telson incised.
Relationship. Close to Iphimediella but differing
in the long article 2 of antenna 1,. short palp of
maxilla 1 and poorly toothed incisor. Differing from
Iphimedia in the unproduced palp article 2 on the
maxilliped.
See Paranchiphimedia, Coboldus and Pariphimedia.
Additional character. Peduncle of uropod 3
elongate.
Species. Anchiphimedia dorsalis K.H. Barnard, 1930,
1932 (Watling & Holman, 1981) [870B].
Variables. Accessory fIagellum often spine-like;
coxae scarcely acuminate (A. grevei), therefore
transitional to taxa such as Cleonardopsis; telson often
elongate.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, 259732 m, 1 species.
Relationship. Differing from Epimeria and
PararrrphithQe.·. in the long . sllbequal articles 1..2 of the
peduncle on antenna 1. In addition, Epimeria has the
ventral crescentic formation of coxae 3-4.
See Actinacanthus, Austroregia andOdius.
Species. Amathillopsis affinis Miers, 1881 (Stephensen,
1940a} [294]; A. annectens (Holmes, 1908) [310B]; A.
Anisoiphimedia Karaman
Anisoiphimedia Karaman, 1980b: 50.
Type species. Iphimedia haurakiensis Hurley, 1954f,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body covered with teeth posteriorly.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
Antenna 1: peduncular article 2 shorter than 1, accessory
flagellum
(versus
Mouthparts
projecting conically. Labrum scarcely incised distally,
epistome not very broad. Mandibular incisor ordinary,
poorly toothed; raker row absent; molar a small
condyle on inner margin near base, nontriturative.
Labium: inner lobes well developed; outer lobes long
and pointed distally, inner margins somewhat incised.
Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2 ordinary. Maxilla 2
[unknown]. Maxillipeds: inner plate as long as but
narrower than outer plate; palp article 2 apicomedially
produced; palp article 4 absent. Coxae 1-3 progressively
longer, coxa 4 weakly polycuspidate. Gnathopods
diverse, of simil~r size, articles 5-6 elongate, narrow;
gnathopod 1 filiform" chelate; gnathopod 2 narrow,
subchelate, article 5 unlobed. Telson short, incised.
Relationship. Differing from lphimedia in the
presence of an accessory flagellum and the presence
of inner lobes on the labium.
Species. Anisoiphimedia haurakiensis (Hurley, 1954f)
[773].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, New Zealand,
Hauraki Gulf, depth unknown, 1 species.
[Gammarellidae] Austroregia Barnard
[see also Eusiridae]
391
handbook, here and in tht; Ellsiridae.
Differing from Amathillopsis in the shortened
peduncles of the antennae and from Pafamphithoe in the
rectilinear propodus of the gnathopods and the
presence of only 1 tooth
on coxa 4 and epimeron
3.
Species.. Austroregia batei (Cunningham, 1871) [864];
A. huxleyana (Bate, 1862) (J.L. Bamard, 1988) [866]; A.
regis Stebbing, 1914b (= A. huxleyanus identification
of StebIJing, 1888) (= A. stebbingi Schellenberg, 1931)
(K.B. Bamard, 1932) (J.L. Bamard, .1988) [866].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, austral Magellan
region and nearby islands, 0-91 m, 3 species.
[Stilipedidae] Bathypanoploea Holman &
Watli~g
Epimeriopsis K.H. Bamard, 1931a: 428 [void ab initio].
lphimediopsis· Schellenberg, 1931: 126 (Acanthonotozoma
austra!isChilton, 1912, monotypy) [homonym, not Della
Valle, 1893].
not Bathypanoploea Schellenberg, 1939: 137 (new name· for
lphimediopsis Schellenberg, same type species).
not Pseudiphimediopsis Ruffo, 1949: 18 (new name for
lphimediopsis Schellenberg, same type species).
Bathypanoploea Holman & Watling, 1983a: 47.
Type species. Holman & Watling (1983a) are
requesting the type be changed to Bathypanoploea
schellenbergi Holman & Watling, 1983 to overcome
erroneous original identification bySchellenberg, 1931.
Austroregia J.L. Barnard, 1988: 703.
Type species. Atylus huxleyanus Bate, 1862, original
designation.
Diagnosis. Body covered with teeth or processes.
Rostrum very short. Antenna 1: peduncular articles 1-2
short; 2 shorter than 1. Accessory flagellum absent.
Mouthparts. projecting quadrately. Labrum entire,
broad. Mandibular jncisor ordinary, toothed, narrow;
molar broad and blunt, strong, triturative; palp long and
strong. Labium: inner lobes weak; outer lobes broad,
short. Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2 ordinary.
Maxilla 2: inner plate without facial row of setae.
Maxillipeds: inner plate as .long and as ··broad as outer
plate, short; palp article 2 broad and apicomedially
unproduced; palp article 4 well developed. Coxae
short; 1-4 not progressively longer, often smooth; 4-5 not
forming ventral arc; coxa 4 monocuspidate or smooth.
Gnathopods weakly enlarged, alike, article 5 slightly
shorter than 6, both gnathopods subchelate, propodus
ovate. Telson elongate, incised.
Diagnosis. Body covered posteriorly with teeth or
processes. Antenna 1: peduncular article 2 shorter than
I. Mouthparts projecting quadrately. Labrum incised,
not very broad. Mandibular incisor broad, toothed;
rakers present; molar absent. Labium: inner lobes
coalesced, .outer lobes moderately broad.' Maxilla 1:
palp 2-articulate, article 2 ordinary. Maxilla 2: inner
plate without facial row of setae. Maxillipeds: inner
plate shorter and narrower than outer plate, latter
elongate; [?palp article 2 narrow and apicomedially
unproduced]; palp article 4 well developed. Coxae
ordinary; 1-4 progressively longer; coxa 4 scarcely
polycuspidate. Gnathopods alike, articles 5-6 elongate,
narrow; both gnathopods simple. Telson incised.
Additional character. Calceoli ofAmathillopsis form,
bearing cup between extreme elements.
Relationship. Differing from Acanthonotozoma in
the similarity of gnathopods 1-2 to each other, the
non-conical mouthpart field and the short strong
incisor.
Differing from Epimeria and allies in the absence of
the molar; and from Epimeriella in the blunt coxae 1-3
and non-crescentic form of coxae ··3-4.
See Acanthonotozomopsis, Acanthonotozomoides,
Acanthonotozomella and Nodotergum.
Relationship. This genus is situated twice in this
Species. Bathypanoploea schellenbergi Holman &
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Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Watling, 1983a [880BA].
Habitat and distribution. Circumantarctic, 4822675 m, 1 species.
[Eusiridae] Cleippides Boeck
Figs 59E, 63K
Cleippides Boeck, 1871b: 201.
Type species. Acanthonotus tricuspis
monotypy.
Kr~yer,
1846b,
Diagnosis. Body with posterodorsal teeth or
processes. Antenna 1: peduncular articles 1-2 long,
subequal. Accessory flagellum I-articulate. Mouthparts
projecting quadrately. Labrum entire, broad. Mandibular
incisor hollowed out in form, of spoon, forming half
ring; molar strong, forming unridged hollow ring; palp
long and strong. Labium: inner lobes obsolescent,
fleshy, outer lobes broad. Maxilla 1: palp .2-articulate,
article 2 ordinary. Maxilla 2: inner plate with facial row
of 9 setae. Maxillipeds: both plates short and broad;
palp article 2 broad, apicomedially unproduced; palp
article 4 well developed. Coxae 1-4 short, not
progressively longer, 4-5 not forming ventral arc;
coxa 4 bicuspidate, or not. Gnathopods alike, feeble,
article 5 elongate, 6 short, both narrow; both
gnathopods simple. Telson entire.
article 2 shorter than 1. Mouthparts projecting conically.
Labrum incised, not very broad. Mandibular incisor
ordinary, blunt and smooth; raker row absent; molar
absent. Labium: inner lobes present, [outer strongly
notched]. Maxilla 1: palp articulate, very short. Maxilla
2: inner plate without facial row of setae. Maxillipeds:
inner plate narrower but as long as outer plate, latter
elongate; palp article 2 apicomedially produced; palp
article 4 absent. Coxae ordinary; 1-4 progressively
longer; coxa 4 long, weakly polycuspidate.
Gnathopods 1-2 alike, but of different setosities,
articles 5-6 elongate, narrow; both gnathopods chelate.
Telson incised.
Variables. Inner lobes of lower lip each coalesced
to outer (C. hedgpethi); gnathopod 2 subchelate (C.
hedgpethi).
Relationship. Like Odius but palp article 2 of
maxillipedal palp produced, article 4 absent and
gnathopod 2 feeble (stout in Odius).
Differing from Iphimedia and Anchiphimedia in the 1articulate palp of maxilla 1. Probably C. nitior and C.
hedgpethi arose from distinctive ancestors in
Iphimedia, therefore C. hedgpethi would better be
relegated to a new genus.
Differing from Pariphimedia in the smooth incisor.
Species. Coboldus hedgpethi (J.L. Barnard, 1969a)
[373]; C. nitior Krapp-Schickel, 1974 (Ruffo & Schiecke,
1979, 1982) [340].
Relationship. Differing from Acanthonotozoma and
Paramphithoe. in the mandibular structure, an incisor
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Mediterranean
Sea (type) and California, 0-82 m, 2 species.
and molar each formed of half ring or full ring
occupying entire mandibular body; differing also from
both genera in the simple non-diverse gnatpopods with
elongate carpus.
Dikwa Griffiths
Species. See Gurjanova (1951); C. bicuspis
Stephensen, 1931a [209AB]; C. quadricuspis HelIer, 1875
(~ars, 1885) (Stephensen, 1933b, 1938b, 1940b, 1944a)
[216 + B]; C. tricuspis (Kr0yer, 1846b) (Stephensen, 1931a,
1944a) [251 + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Arctic and North
Atlantic, 28-2150 m, 3 species.
Coboldus Krapp-Schickel
Coboldus Krapp-Schickel, 1974: 340.
Type species. Coboldus nitior Krapp-Schickel, 1974,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Body with weak posterior teeth or
processes, poorly armed. Antenna 1: peduncular
Fig.74E
Dikwa Griffiths, 1974c: 266.
Type species. Dikwa acrania Griffiths, 1974c, original
designation.
Diagnosis. Body covered posteriorly with teeth or
processes. Antenna 1: peduncular articles 1-2
subequal. Mouthparts projecting conically. Labrum
incised, very broad. Mandibular incisor narrow, almost
needle-like; raker row long; molar broad and blunt,
strong, triturative. Labium: inner lobes absent, outer lobes
short and. broad. Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2
ordinary. Maxilla 2: [unknown]. Maxillipeds: inner plate
narrowerbut as long as outer plate, latter ordinary;
palp article 2 narrow and apicomedially unproduced;
palp artic~e 4 well developed but short. Coxae 2
short; 1, 3, 4 progressively longer; coxa 4 long,
monocuspidate. Gnathopods diverse, of different
elongations, articles 5-6 elongate, narrow; gnathopod
Bamard & Kararnan: Marine Garnrnaridean Arnphipoda
chelate, gnathopod 2 simple. Telson emarginate.
Additional character. Head greatly reduced.
Relationship. Differing from lphimedia and
Acanthonotozomella in the simple gnathopod 2 and
strongly reduced head. From Epimeria in the strong
contrast of form between gnathopods 1 and 2. From Odius
in the simple, unlobate gnathopod 2.
Species. Dikwa acrania Griffiths, 1974c [743].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, South Africa, 200
m, 1 species.
Echiniphimedia K.H. Bamard
Fig.74D
Echiniphimedia K.H. Barnard, 1930: 358.-J.L. Barnard,
1967a: 2.
Type species. Iphimedia hodgsoni Walker, 1906c,
1907, selected by J.L. Bamard, 1969c.
Diagnosis. Body covered with teeth or processes.
Antenna 1: peduncular articles 1-2 long, subequal (but
only including processes). Mouthparts projecting
conically. Labrum weakly incised, or entire, not very
broad. Mandibular incisor broad, stout, smooth or
weakly toothed; raker row absent; molar absent or
obsolescent. Labium: inner lobes absent, outer lobes
moderately broad, entire or minutely incised. Maxilla 1:
palp 2-articulate, article 2 qrdinary. Maxilla 2: inner
plate without facial row of setae. Maxillipeds: inner plate
as long and almost as broad as outer plate, latter
elongate; palp article 2 apicomedially produced or not;
palp article 4 obsolescent. Coxae 1-4 progressively
longer; 4-5 forming ventral arc; coxa 4 scarcely
polycuspidate. Gnathopods weakly diverse, of different
setosities, articles 5-6 elongate, narrow; both
gnathopods chelate. Telson incised.
Additional character. Article 1 of mandibular palp
with tooth.
Relationship. Close to lphimedia and lphimediella
but differing in the presence of small teeth emerging
from surface of pleon and usually from coxae and
article 2 of pereopods 5-7. Unlike Uschakoviella in
having fixed teeth, not articulate spines covering
body~
Species. See I.L. Bamard (1967e); Bellan-Santini
(1972b); Thurston (1974a); Watling& Holman (1981); E.
echinata (Walker, 1906a, 1907) (? = E. nodosa Dana, 1853,
Bate, 1862, Chevreux, 1912d, K.H. Bamard, 1930, not
393
Stebbing, 1906) (K.H. Bamard, 1932) (Nicholls, 1938)
[880 + B]; E. hodgsoni (Walker, 1906a, 1907) (K.H.
Bamard, 1930, 1932) (Schellenberg, 1931) (Nicholls,
1938) [880 + B]; E. scotti K.H. Bamard, 1930 (Andres,
1985) [870 + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, 101120 m, 3 species.
Eclysis K.H. Bamard
Remarks. Removed to .Stilipedidae.
Epimeria Costa
Figs 74C,H, 77F
?Vertumnus White, 1847: 89 [nomen nudum].
Epimeria Costa, 1851: 24 [nomen nudum].-Costa in lIope,
1851: 46.-Kararnan & Bamard, 1979: 108.-Wading &
Holrnan, 1980: 642.
'
Pseudepimeria Chevteux,1912a: 9 (Pseudepimeria grandirostris
Chevreux, 1912a, original designation).
Subepimeria Bellan-Santini, 1972b: 225 (Subepimeria
geodesiae Bellan-Santini, 1972b, original designation).
Type species. Epimeria tricristata Costa' in Hope, 1851
(= Gammarus corniger J.C. Fabricius, 1779), rnonotypy.
Diagnosis. Body covered with teeth or processes.
Antenna 1: peduncular article 2 shorter than 1.
Accessory flagellum present or absent. Mouthparts
projecting quadrately. Labrum almost entire, epistome
not very broad. Mandibular incisor ordinary, toothed,
rakers present; molar, blunt, strong, triturative. Labium:
inner lobes absent, outer lobes relatively broad.
Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2 ordinary. Maxilla
2: inner plate without facial row of setae. Maxillipeds:
inner plate narrower but as long as outer plate, latter
elongate; palp article 2 narrow and apicomedially
unproduced; palp article 4 well developed, unguiform.
Coxae 1-4 progressively longer; 4-5 forming ventral
arc; coxa 4 long, polycuspidate. Gnathopods alike,
article 5-6 elongate, both gnathopodssimple or
subchelate (typical). Telson incised or cleft.
Additional character. Mandibular palp long and
strong (but weak relative to Metepimeria).
Variables. Molar indistinctly triturative (E.
yaquinae);gnathopods chelate (E. yaquinae);
gnathopods simple (E. grandirostris, ' formerly
Pseudepimeria); dactyls pectinate (E. grandirostris).
Relationship. Differing from Odius in the pointed
coxae 1-3 and strong dactyl of the maxilliped.
394
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Species. See Gurjanova, 1955b (key); E. bispinosa
Ledoyer, 1986
Bamard, 1961a
[715kA]; E. cora J.L.
concordia
Griffiths, 1977a [701A]; E.
Fabricius, 1779)
E. cranchii White, 1847, nomen
(= E. tricristata
Costa in Hope, 1851) (= E. oweni ~ate, 1857d) (Sars,
1895) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Lincoln, 1979a)'[354B];
E. extensa Andres, 1985 [801B]; E. georgiana
Schellenberg, 1931 (= E. excisipes K.H. Bamard, 1932;
Wading & Holman, 1981) (Andres, 1985) [870+B]; [E.
glacialis Stuxberg, 1880, nomen nudum]; E. glaucosa J.L~
Bamard, 1961a [716A]; E. grandirostris (Chevreux,
1912a,d) (Bellan-Santini, 1972b) [870B]; E. inermis
Walker, 1903 (not 1907, = E. robusta) (BeUall-Santini,
1972b) [830 + B]; E. intermedia Schellenberg, 1931 (K.H.
Bamard, 1932) [833]; E. longispinosa K.H. Bamard, 1916
(Griffiths, 1975) [701B]; E. loricata Sars, 1~79, 18'85, 1~95
(= E. conspicua Stebbing, 1883) (Gurjanova, 1951) [216B];
E. macrodonta Walker, 1906c, 1907 (Bellan-Santini, 1972b)
(Watling & Holman, 1981) [870 + B]; E. monodon
Stephensen, 1947a (Thurston, 1974a,b) [875]; E. obtusa
Wat'ling, 1981 [364 + B]; E. pacifica Gurjanova, 1955b
[322B]; E. parasitica (M. Sars, 1858) (Sars, 1895)
(Stephensen, 1944c) [240B]; E. pelagica Birstein &
Vinogradov, 1958 [231A]; E. puncticulata K.H. Bamard,
1930, 1932 (Watling & Holman, 1981) (= E. geodesiae
Bellan-Santini,J972b, as Subepimeria) [878]; [830 + B]; E.
rimicarinata Watling & Holman, 1980 [876B]; E. robusta
K.H. Bamard, 1930 (see E. inermis) [876B]; [E. sayi
(Bate, 1862), new name for Amphitoe serrata of Say, 1818]
[dubious] [254]]; E. semiarmataK.H. Bamard, 1916
(Griffiths, 1975) [701B]; E. similis Chevreux, 1912a,d
(Andres, 1985) [870e + B]; E.fsubcarinata Nagata, 1963
[322B]; E. tuberculata Sars, 1895 (Enequist, 1950)
(Lincoln, 1979a) [238]; E. yaquinae Mc~ain, 1971
[310B].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine~ cosmopolitan
cold waters, 2-3710 m (confirmed), 27 species.
Epimeriella Walker
Epimeriella Walker, 1906c: 17.-Walker, 1907: 26.-Karaman
& Bamard, 1979: 107.
Type species. Epimeriella inacronyx Walker, 1906c,
1907, monotypy.
Diagnosis.. Body poorly •armed, almost· smooth.
Antenna 1: peduncular article 2 shorter than 1.
Mouthparts projecting quadrately, but tending .to be
foliaceous as in Stilipedidae. Labrum incised; epistome
not very broad, gibbous. Mandibular incisor ordinary,
or broad, toothed;. raker TOW long, molar absent or
simple, conical or laminar. Labium: inner lobes absent,
outer moderately gaping. Maxilla 1: inner plate slightly
broadened,
2-articulate,
2 ordinary. Maxilla
2: inner plate without facial row of setae. Maxilla 2:
inner plate short and stout, outer extended, both
separated at base. Maxillipeds: inner plate shorter and
narrower than outer plate, latter elongate; palp article
2 narrow and medially unproduced; palp article 4
well developed, serrate. Coxae 1-4 progressively
10J1ger; coxa 1 either weakly acuminate or blunt and in
some species becoming weakly expanded basally,
4-5 forming ventral arc; coxa 4 polycuspidate.
G J1 athopods alike, articles 5-p ordinary, both
gnathopods weakly subchelate. Telson incised or
cleft.
Additional character. Pereopod 7 shorter than
pereopQds 5-6.
Relationship. Differing from Epimeria in the simple
laminar or conical molar.
Put' by Andres (1985) into Stilipedidae but here
retained in Iphimediidae as a transitional genus.
See Bathypanoploea in Iphimediidae.
Species. Epimeriella macronyx Walker, 1906c, 1907
(K.H. Bamard, 1932) (Ruffo, 1949) (Andres, 1985) [870 +
B]; E. scabrosa K.H. Bamard, 1930 [878B]; E. truncata
Andres, 1985 [871B]; E. victoria (Hurley, 1957a) (Moore,
1985a) [775]; E. walkeri K.H. Bamard, 1930, 1932
(McCain, 1971) (Andres, 1985) [870B];
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, New
Zealand, 120-385 m, 5 species.
Gnathiphimedia K.H. Bamard
Fig.74F
Gnathiphimedia K.H. Bamard, 1930: 352.-Watling & Holman,
1981: 185 (key).
Type species. Gnathiphimedia mandibularis K.H.
Bamard, 1930, selected by I.L. Bamard, 1969c.
Diagnosis. Body covered posteriorly with teeth or
processes. Antenna· 1: peduncular article 2 shorter than
1. Mouthparts projecting conically but not strongly.
Labrum entire, epistome very broad. Mandibular incisor
broad, hollowed out in. form of spoon; raker row
absent but right lacinia mobilis present; molar conical,
simple or obsolescent. Labium: inner lobes absent or
weak.· Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2 ordinary.
Maxilla 2: inner plate without facial row of setae.
Maxillipeds: inner plate narrower but as long as outer
plate, latter elongate; palp article 2 narrow and
apicomedially unproduced; palp article 4 obsolescent
or absent. Coxae ordinary; 1-4. progressively longer, 45 forming weak ventral arc; coxa 4 long, weakly
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
polycuspidate. Gnathopods
articles
elongate,
chelate. Telson incised.
but of
both gnathopods
.:".... '-11.4'-..1."-".1..1.0,
Additional characters.. Juveniles with 2 cornified
incisorial teeth instead of spoon-hollow; mandibular
palp weak.
Relationship. Differing from Labriphimedia in the
smooth unhollowed incisor.
Species. See Nicholls (1938); Watling & Holman
(1981); G. barnardi Thurston, 1974a (= G. mandibularis
identification of K.H. Barnard, 1932) [833]; G. fuchsi
Thurston, 1974b [836]; G. incerta Bellan..Santini, 1972b
[878 + B]; G. macrops K.H. Barnard, 1932 (=G. discoveryi
Watling & Holman, 1980) (Thurston, 1974a) [870 + B];
G. mandibularis K.H. Barnard, 1930 (not 1932, see
above) [876 + B]; G. sexdentata (Schellenberg, 1926a)
(= G. pacifica ID of K.H. Bamard, 1930) (Stephensen,
1947a) (Thurston, 1974a) [870 + B]; G. urodentata BellanSantini & Ledoyer, 1986 [799].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, 5-732
rn, 6 species.
Iphimedia Rathke
Figs 74B,I,J, 75G, 761, 77C
Iphimedia Rathke, 1843: 85.-Karaman & Bamard, 1979:
110.-Watling & Holman, 1980: 615.-Karaman, 1980b:
52.
Microcheles Kr~yer, 1846b: 58, 66 (Microcheles armata
Kr~yer, 1846b, monotypy).
Panoploea Thomson, 1880: 2 (Panoploea spinosa Thomson,
1880, selected by J.L. Bamard, 1969c).
Iphimediopsis Della Valle, 189~: 585 (Iphimedia eblanae
Bate, 1857d, monotypy).
Cypsiphimedia K.H. l3,amard, 1955: 87 (Iphimedia gibba K.H.
Bamard, 1940, original designation).
Type species.
monotypy.
Iphimedia
obesa
Rathke,
1843,
Diagnosis. Body covered with teeth or processes
posteriorly or smooth. Antenna ·1: peduncular article 2
shorter than 1. Mouthparts projecting conically. Labrum
scarcely incised or entire, epistome not very broad.
Mandibular incisor ordinary, toothed or not; raker row
absent; molar conical or obsolescent, simple. Labium:
inner lobes absent, outer notched or not. Maxilla 1: palp
2.. articulate, article 2· ordinary. Maxilla 2: inner· plate
without facial row of setae. Maxillipeds: inner plate as
long as but narrower -than outer plate, latter elongate;
palp article 2 apicomedially produced; palp article 4
obsolescent or' absent. Coxae 1-4 progressively
longer; coxa 4 sometimes weakly polycuspidate.
Gnathopods diverse, of similar size, articles 5-6
elongate, narrow; gnathopod
gnathopod 2 narrowly
incised.
395
filiformly chelate,
Telson entire to
Variables. Occasional species with greatly elongate
pereonite 1
gibba formerly Cypsiphimedia); palp of
maxilla 1 highly variable in length (short phase
formerly called Panoploea); body smooth (I. gibba).
Relationship.. A central comparative genus.
For example see Anchiphimedia, Anisoiphimedia,
Coboldus, Echiniphlmedia, Iphimediella, Maxilliphimedia,
Nodotergum, Paranchiphimedia, Pariphimedia,
Pseudiphimediella and Stegopanoploea.
Removal. Iphimedia jouQini Chevreux, 1912d, to
Stegopanoploea.
Species. See Karaman (1980b); Watling & Holman
(1981); I. ambigua Haswell, 1879b (Stebbing, 1910a) [781];
I. brachygnatha Ruffo & Schiecke, 1979, 1982 [340]; I.
capieolaK.H. Barnard, 1932 (Griffiths, 1975) [743]; I.
carinata H~ller, 1867 (=1. geniculata Della Valle, 1893)
(= I. eblanae identifications of Della Valle, 1893,
Cecchini & Parenzan, 1935, Ledoyer, 1977) (Ruffo &
Schiecke, 1979, 1982) [340]; I. compacta Ledoyer, 1978b
[697]; [I. corallina Catta, 1875 (Karaman 1980b) [dubious]
[348]]; I. discreta Stebbing, 1910a (?Schellenberg,
?1928b, ?1938a) [681]; I. eblanae Bate, 1857d (formerly
Panoploea) (= 1.multispinis Grube, 18611-a,b) (Chevreux
& Fage, 1925) (Ruffo & Schiecke, 1979, 1982) (Myers
et al., 1987a) [352]; I. edgari Moore, 1981b [783]; I. excisa
(K.H.Bamard, 1932) (Pirlot, 1939) (Griffiths, 1975)
[743]; I. gibba (K.H. Barnard, 1955) (Griffiths, 1974c)
(Watling & Holman, 1980) [743]; I. gibbula Ruffo &
Schiecke, 1979, 1982 [340]; I. gladiola K.H. Barnard, 1937
[674]; I. grossimana Ledoyer, 1972c, 1979a, 1982b [698];
I. imparilabia Wading & Holrnan, 1980 [831B]; I.jugoslavica
Karaman, 1975a (Ruffo & Schiecke, 1979, 1982) [340]; I.
macrocystidis (K'.H. Bamard, 1932) [831]; I. magellanica
Wading & Holman, 1980 [864B]; I. mala (Hirayama, 1983)
[395]; I. minuta Sars, 1883, 1895 (Ruffo & Schiecke, 1979,
1982) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Myers et al., 1987a) [352]; I.
multidentata (Schellenberg, 1931) [864]; I. nexa Myers
et al., 1987 [240]; I. obesa Rathke, 1843 (= Microcheles
armata Kr~yer, 1846b) (Sars, 1895) (Lincoln, 1979a)
(Ruffo & Schiecke, 1982) (Myers et al., 1987a) [352];
I. orchestimana Ruffo, 1959 [677]; I. pacifica Stebbing,
1883, 1888 (Chevreux, 1912d) [880]; I. perplexa Myers
et al., 1987 [239]; I. quasimoda Ruffo & Schiecke, 1979,
1982 (Karaman, 1980b) [340]; I. rickettsi (Shoemaker,
1931a) (J.L. Bamard, 1962b, 1964b, 1966b) [372]; I.
serratipes Ruffo & Schiecke, 1979, 1982 [340]; I. spatula
Myerset al., 1987 (:: I. eblanae identification of Lincoln,
1979a) [240]; I. spinosa (Thomson, 1880) (Stephensen,
1927a) (Hurley, 19541) [850]; I. stegosaura (Griffiths,
1975) [743]; I. stimpsoni Bate, 1862 (Stebbing, 1910a)
[781]; I. vicina Ruffo & Schiecke, 1979, 1982 [340]; [I.
vulgaris Stimpson, 1853 (Stebbing, 1906, incertae sedis)
[254]].
396
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan,
sublittoral and weakly bathyal, 33 species.
732 m, 10 species.
Labriphimedia K.H. Bamard
lphimediella Chevreux
Figs 74K, 75F, 76B,K
Iphimediella Chevreux, 1911c: 1167.-Chevreux, 1912d: 119.Wading & Holman, 1980: 624.-Wading & Holman,
1981: 186 (key).
Pariphimediella Schellenberg, 1931: 121 (Iphimedia serrata
Schellenberg, 1926a, original designation).
Labriphimedia K.H. Barnard, 1931a: 427.-K.H. Bamard,
1932: 123.-Karaman & Bamard, 1979: Ill.
Maoriphimedia Hurley, 1954f: 771 (Maoriphimedia hinemoa
Hurley, 1954f, original designation).
Type species. Iphimediella margueritei Chevreux,
1912a, designated by Chevreux, 1912b.
Type species. Labriphimedia vespuccii K.H. Barnard,
1931a, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body covered posteriorly with teeth
or processes. Antenna 1: peduncular article 1 long, 2
shorter than 1. Mouthparts projecting conically. Labrum
incised or entire; epistome not very broad. Mandibular
incisor elongate, cutting transversely, toothed or not,
narrow; raker row absent; molar obsolescent. Labium:
inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2
ordinary. Maxilla 2: inner plate without facial row of
setae. Maxillipeds: inner plate narrower but as long as
outer plate, palp article. 2 scarcely or not produced; palp
article 4 well developed or obsolescent and absent.
Coxae ordinary; coxa 4 polycuspidate. Gnathopods
weakly diverse, alike, of different sizes and setations,
articles 5-6 elongate, narrow; both gnathopods chelate.
Telson slightly cleft or emarginate.
Diagnosis. Body .covered with teeth or processes.
Antenna 1: peduncular articles 1-2 subequal. Mouthparts
projecting conically. Labrum incised or entire, it and
epistome very broad. Mandibular incisor broad,
hollowed out in form of spoon; raker row absent; molar
obsolescent, simple.. Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla
1: palp 2-articulate, article 2 ordinary. Maxilla 2: inner
plate without facial row of setae. Maxillipeds: inner
plate narrower but as long as outer plate, latter
elongate; palp article 2 narrow and apicomedially
unproduced; palp article 4 obsolescent or absent.
Coxae ordinary; .1-4 progressively longer; coxa 4
long, polycuspidate. Gnathopods alike, articles 5-6
elongate, narrow; both gnathopods chelate. Telson
incised or cleft.
Additional character. Gnathopod 2 more strongly
setose than gnathopod 1 (generally common in family).
Relationship. Differing from lphimedia in the
weakly or unproduced palp article 2 of the
maxillipeds.
See Anchiphimedia, Maxilliphimedia and Nodotergum.
Removal. lphimediella discoveryi Watling & Holman,
1980, to Gnathiphimedia macrops.
Species. See Schellenberg (1926a, _1931); K.H.
Bamard (1930, 1932); Nicholls (1938); Stephensen
(1947a); Bellan-Santini (1972b); I. acuticoxa Watling &
Holman, 1980 [871]; I. bransfieldi K.H. Bamard, 1932
(Nicholls, 1938) [870B]; I. cyclogena K.H. Bamard, 1930
(= I. intermedia Nicholls, 1938) [870B]; I. georgiei Watling
& Holman, 198Q [870B]; I. imparidentata Bellan-Santini,
1972b [878]; I. margueritei Chevreux, 1912a,d (=1. acuta
Nicholls, 1938) (Stephensen, 1947a) (Watling & Holman,
1981) (Andres, 1985) [870 + B]; I. microdentata
(Schellenberg,. 1926a) (= I. brevispinosa K.H. Bamard,
1930) (Nicholls, 1938) [870 + B]; I. octodentata (Nicholls,
1938) [878B]; I. rigida K.H. Bamard, 1930 (Watling &
Holman, 1981) [876B]; I. serrata (Schellenberg, 1926a)
(Watling & Holman, 1981) [881 + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, ·10-
Relationship. See Gnathiphimedia.
Species. Labriphimedia hinemoa Hurley, 1954f [773];
L. pulchridentata (Stebbing, 1883, 1888, 1906) [852];
L. vespuccii K.H. Bamard, 1931a, 1932 [831].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, New ZealandFalklands-Heard, sublittoral, 3 species.
Maxilliphimedia K.H. Bamard
Fig.76D
Maxilliphimedia K.H. Barnard, 1930: 355.-Watling &
Holman, 1981: 202.
Type species. Iphimedia longipes Walker, 1906a, 1907,
monotypy. -
Diagnosis. Body covered with teeth or processes.
Antenna 1: peduncular article 2 shorter than 1.
Mouthparts projecting 'conically.· Labrum incised; it and
epistome very broad. Mandibular incisor broad,
minutely serrate; raker row absent; molar absent.
Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate,
article 2 enlarged. Maxilla 2: inner plate without facial
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
row of setae. Maxillipeds: inner plate shorter and
narrower than outer plate, latter elongate; palp article 2
apicomedially produced weakly; palp article 4 absent.
Coxae ordinary; 1-4 progressively longer; coxa 4
polycuspidate. Gnathopods [poorly known], gnathopod
1 chelate. Telson incised.
Relationship. Characterised by the large article 2
of the palp on maxilla 1, and thereby differing from
Iphimedia and Iphimediella.
Species. Maxilliphimedia longipes (Walker, 1906a,
1907) (K.H. Bamard, 1930) (Watling & Holman, 1981)
[876 + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Ross Sea region,
100-769 m, 1 species.
Metepimeria Schellenberg
Metepimeria Schellenberg, 1931: 162.
Type species. Metepimeria acanthurus Schellenberg,
1931, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body covered posteriorly with teeth or
processes. Antenna 1: peduncular article 2 shorter
than 1. Mouthparts projecting quadrately. Labrum almost
entire, not very broad. Mandibular incisor toothed;
raker row present; molar broad and blunt, triturative.
Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate,
article 2 ordinary. Maxilla 2: inner plate [?without facial
row of setae]. Maxillipeds: .[?inner plate shorter and
narrower than outer plate, latter elongate; ?palp article
2 narrow and apicomedially unproduced]; palp article 4
absent. Coxae 1-4 progressively longer; 4-5 forming
ventral arc; coxa 4 long, polycuspidate. Gnathopods
alike, articles 5-6 elongate, narrow; both gnathopods
simple. Telson incised or cleft.
'
Relationship. Like Epimeria but palp of maxilliped
3-articulate and gnathopods simple.
See Parepimeria.
Species. M. acanthurus Schellenberg, 1931 (K.H.
Bamard, 1932) (Watling & Holman, 1981) [866 + N + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Magellan-Falkland
region, often neritic to 494 m, 1 species.
Nodotergum Bellan-Santini
Fig.77
Nodotergum Bellan-Santini, .1972b: 173.
Type species. Nodotergum bicarinatum
Santini, 1972b, original designation.
397
Bellan-
Diagnosis. Body covered with teeth or processes.
Antenna 1: peduncular article 2 shorter than 1.
Accessory flagellum I-articulate, obsolescent.
Mouthparts projecting [?conically]. Labrum incised, not
very broad. Mandibular incisor ordinary, toothed;
raker row absent; molar obsolescent. Labium: inner
lobes absent, outer lobes relatively broad, entire.
Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2 ordinary. Maxilla 2:
inner plate without facial row of setae. Maxillipeds:
inner plate narrower but as long as outer plate, latter
elongate; palp article 2 narrow and apicomedially
unproduced; palp article 4 absent. Coxae ordinary; 1-4
progressively longer; coxa 4 long, polycuspidate.
Gnathopods diverse, of similar size, articles 5-6
elongate, narrow; gnathopod 1 simple, gnathopod 2
chelate. Telson entire, but apically .trifid.
Relationship. Differing from Epimeria and
Parepimeria in the chelate gnathopod 2; from Parepimeria
additionally in the short article 2· of antenna ··1 and the
absence of palp article 4 on the maxilliped. From
Acanthonotozomella in the ordinary coxa 2. From
Iphimedia and Iphimediella in the simple gnathopod 1.
From Acanthonotozoma and Bathypanoploea in the
chelate gnathopod ·2.
Species. Nodotergum bicarinatum Bellan-Santini,
1972b [878].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Cape Geodesie,
Antarctica, 115-135 m, 1 species.
Odius Liljeborg
Figs 74N, 75D, 76H, 77B
Otus Bate, 1862: 125 (Otus carinatus Bate, 1862) [homonym,
Lepidoptera] .
Odius Liljeborg, 1865a: 11 (new name for Otus).-Lincoln,
1979a: - 136.
Type species. Otus carinatus Bate, 1862, monotypy ~
Diagnosis. Body with few posterior with teeth or
processes. Antenna. 1: peduncular article 2 shorter
than 1. Mouthparts projecting conically. Labrum
incised, very thin, elongate. Mandibular incisor
elongate, narrow, almost needle-like; toothed; raker
row present; molar broad· and blunt, triturative-;Labium:
inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: styliform, palp I-articulate,
minute. Maxilla 2:···inner plate without facial row of setae.
Maxillipeds: inner plate narrower and slightly shorter
than outer plate (if each plate measured from its base),
latter elongate; palp article 2 narrow and apicomedially
unproduced (in Sars, 1895: pL133 but P.G. Moore, in
398
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
remarks that it is .produced in his· material
the
type
palp article 4 obsolescent.
ordinary; 1-4 progressively longer; coxa 1 (or
pointed,
3-4 truncate, coxa 4 long, monocuspidate.
Gnathopods diverse, of different sizes, gnathopod 1
chelate, articles 5-6 elongate, narrow; gnathopod 2
enlarged, subchelate, palm transverse, articles 4-5
lobate. Telson incised or entire, elongate.
Additional characters. Mouthparts generally
stylif0I1TI.; outer plate of maxilla 1 styliform, active
margin medial, crenellated and pectinate but aspinose;
mandibular palp weak.
Relationship. Differing from Amathillopsis in the
chelate gnathopocis.
See Coboldus, Dikwa, Epimeria, Paranchiphimedia
and Pariphimedia.
Species. Odius antarcticus Wading & Holman, 1981
[836B]; O. carinatus (Bate, 1862) (Sars, 1895) (Lincoln,
1979a) [210]; O. cassigerus Gurjanova, 1972 [286 + B]; O.
kelleri Brliggen, 1907 (Gurjanova, 1951) (Tzyetkova,
1968) [280].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, bipolar, 0-263 m,
Additional character. Articles 5-6 of gnathopods
subequally long
(A(~llfl~aClanl'nu,S)
Relationship. Differing from Epimeria in
noncrescentic coxae 3-4. From Actinacanthus in
presence of 2 teeth on epimeron 3 and
gnathopodal differences described above.
Austroregia.
the
the
the
See
Species. Paramphitho~ buchholzi Stebbing, 1888, P.
b. pacifica Gurjanova, 1951, P. b. vafer Gurjanpva, 1972
[200]; P. concinna Gurjanova, 1972 [282]; P. cuspidata
(Lepechin, 1780) (not Sars, 1895 = P. hystrix) (= P. minuta
Bulycheva, 1934), P. c. eugenovi Gurjanov(i, 1972 [216
+ B);P. hystrix (Ross, 1835) (= P. cuspidata of Sars, 1895)
(Gurjanova, 1972) [216 + B]; P. monocera Gurjanova,
1972 [260]; P. paraparadoxa Gurjanova, 1972 [260 + B];
P. polyacantha (Murdoch, 1885b), P. p. bruggeni
Gurjanova, 1951 [220].
Habitat and distribution. Marine,
p~nArctic
boreal, 2-800 m, 7 species'.
Paranchiphimedia Ruffo
Fig.76M
4 species.
Paranchiphimedia Ruffo, 1949: 18.
Paramphithoe Bruzelius
Type species. Paranchiphimedia monodi Ruffo, 1949,
original 'designation.
Figs 74L, 75A, 76C, 77E
Acanthosoma Ross, 1835: 91 (Acanthosoma hystrix Ross,
1835, selected by Bate, 1862) [homonym, Hemiptera].
Paramphithoe Bruzelius, 1859: 68.-Gurjanova, 1972: 178.
Acanthozone Boeck, 1871: 184 (Oniscus cuspidatus
Lepechin, 1778-1780, monotypy). [Boeck was confused
about identification of type species.]
Type species. Acanthosoma hystrix Ross,
here selected.
1835,
Diagnosis. Body covered with teeth or processes.
Antenna 1: peduncular articles 1-2 subequal.
Mouthparts projecting quadrately. Labrum scarcely
incised; epistome not very br()ad. Mandibular incisor
ordinary, toothed; raker row present; molar broad and
blunt, triturative. Labium: inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1:
palp 2-articulate, article 2 ordinary. Maxilla 2: inner
plate without facial row of setae. Maxillipeds: inner plate
narrower and as long as outer plate, latter short; palp
article 2 narrow and unproduced; palp' article 4 well
developed. Coxae 1-4 progressively longer; coxa 4
scarcely to strongly polycuspidate. Gnathopods alike,
articles 5-6 elongate, narrow; both gnathopods
subchelate, palms transverse. Telson entire or weakly
cleft.
Diagnosis. Body covered posteriorly with teeth or
processes. Antenna 1: peduncular articles 1-2 subequal.
Accessory flagellum obsolete. Mouthparts [?projecting
conically]. Labrum incised, not very broad. Mandibular
incisor ordinary, broad, smooth; rakers present; molar
absent; palp long and strong. Labium: inner lobes
absent. Maxilla 1: palp I-articulate, very short. Maxilla 2:
inner plate without facial row of' setae. Maxillipeds:
inner plate narrower but as long as outer plate, latter
elongate; palp article 2 broad and apicomedially
unproduced; palp article 4 absent. Coxae ordinary; 1-4
progressively longer; coxa 4 monocuspidate.
Gnathopods alike but of different, setations and sizes,
articles 5-6 elongate, narrow; both gnathopods chelate.
Telson incised.
Relationship. The short palp of maxilla 1 places
this genus near Coboldus, Pariphimedia and Odius;
otherwise, it has no' resemblance to Odius and differs
from Coboldus and Pariphimedia in the unproduced
maxillipedal palp and further from Coboldus in the
chelate gnathopod 2; further from Pariphimedia in the
facially naked maxilla 2. Close to the smoother species
of Echiniphimedia but palp of maxilla 1 small.
Differing from Iphimedia in the unproduced
maxillipedal palp; from Anchiphimedia in the
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
I-articulate palp of maxilla 1.
Species.. Paranchiphimedia monodi Ruffo, 1949 [872];
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, Antarctica, near
Bellingshausen Sea, depth unknown, 1 species.
Parapanoploea Nicholls
Fig.76L
Parapanoploea Nicholls, 1938: 65.-Watling & Holman, 1981:
208.
Type species.. Parapanoploea oxygnathia Nicholls,
1938, original designation.
Diagnosis.. Body covered posteriorly with teeth or
processes. Antenna 1: peduncular article 2 shorter than
1. Mouthparts projecting conically. Labrum scarcely
incised, not very broad. Mandibular incisor elongate,
narrow, needle-like, toothed; raker row absent; molar
conical, simple or obsolescent. Labium: inner lobes
absent. Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2 ordinary.
Maxilla 2: inner plate without facial row of setae.
Maxillipeds: inner plate narrower but as long as outer
plate, latter elongate; palp article 2 narrow and
apicomedially unproduced; palp article 4 absent. Coxae
ordinary; 1-4 progressively longer; coxa 4 long,
polycuspidate. Gnathopods alike, but of different
setations, articles 5-6 elongate, narrow; both gnathopods
chelate. Telson incised.
Relationship.. Differing from Acanthonotozomella
in the chelate gnathopods and absence of a raker row.
From Gnathiphimedia and Labriphimedia in the needlelike incis.or.
399
Diagnosis.. Body covered. with teeth or processes,
or weakly so (P. irregularis). Antenna 1: peduncular
articles 1-2 long, subequal. Mouthparts projecting
quadrately. Labrum incised; epistome not very broad.
Mandibular incisor narrow, toothed; raker row long;
molar broad and blunt, triturative. Labium: inner lobes
weak. Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2 ordinary.
Maxilla 2: inner plate without facial row of setae.
Maxi1lipeds: plates alike, outer plate short; palp
elongate, article 2 narrow and unproduced;. palp
article 4 well developed, unguiform. Coxae ordinary;
1-4 progressively longer; coxa 4 monocuspidate.
Gnathopods alike,of different sizes, articles 5-6
elongate, narrow; both gnathopods simple. Telson
entire.
Variable.. Rostrum long (type) or short (P. irtegularis).
Relationship.. Differing from Metepimeria in the
presence of inner lobes on the lower lip and the
noncrescentic coxae 3-4; from Epimeria in the 3articulate palp of the maxilliped.
Some\\,hat resembling a· pleustid; obviously more
study is needed on relationships between iphimediids
and pleustids.
Species.. See Watling & Holman (1980); P. bidentata
Schellenberg, 1931 [865 + B]; P. crenulata Chevreux,
1912a,d (Stephensen, 1947a) [870 + B]; P. irregularis
(Schellenberg, 1931) [831]; P. major K.H. Bamard, 1932
[871B]; P. minorWatling &. Holman, 1980 [871B]; P.
miothele K.H. B'amard, 1932 [871B].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine, Antarctic islands
near South America, 23-1080 m, 6 species.
Pariphimedia Chevreux
Figs 74G, 77G
Species.. Parapanoploea longirostris Bellan-Santini,
1972b [878]; P. oxygnathia Nicholls, 1938 (Watling &
Holman, 1981) [875B].
Pariphimedia Cheyreux, 1906a: 39.
Habitat and distribution..
Antarctica, 110-357 m, 2 species.
Type species.. Pariphimedia integricauda Chevreux,
1906a,c, original designation.
Marine,
eastern
Parepimeria Chevreux
Figs 75H, 76J, 77J, 116D
Parepimeria Chevreux, 1911c: 1168.-Watling & Holman,
1980: . 646(+ key):
Parepimerie!la Schellenberg, 1931: 165 (Parepimerie!la
irregularis Schellenberg, 1931, monotypy).-Gurjanova,
1972: 134.
.
Type species.. Parepimeria crenulata Chevreux, 1911c,
1912a,d, designated .byChevreux, 1912a.
Diagnos.is.. Body with few posterior teeth or
processes. Antenna 1: peduncular articles 1-2 subequal.
Mouthparts projecting conically. Labrum almost entire,
not very broad. Mandibular incisor cutting surface
elongate, oblique, toothed; rakerrow absent; molar
obsolescent. Labium: inner lobes absent, outer· lobes
siibrouilded orpOiiifed. Maxilla 1: parp I--articulate, very
short. ·Maxilla 2: inner plate with facial row of setae.
Maxillipeds: inner plate narrower but as long as outer
plate, latter elongate; palp article 2 narrow but
apicomedially produced; palp article 4 obsolescent or
absent. Coxae ordinary; 1-4 progressively longer; 4-§
forming weak ventral arc; coxa 4 scarcely
400
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
polycuspidate. Gnathopods alike, but of different
setosities; articles 5-6 elongate, narrow; both
gnathopods chelate. Telson entire.
Variables. Outer plate of maxilliped very elongate
(P. normani); telson weakly incised (P. normani).
Habitat and distribution. Marine, west Kyushu, 20
m, 1 species.
Pseudiphimediella Schellenberg
Fig.77K
Relationship.
Like Odius, Coboldus and
Paranchiphimedia in the I-articulate palp of maxilla 1;
further differing from Coboldus in the entire telson,
chelate gnathopod 2 and facially armed inner plate of
maxilla 2; from Odius andParanchiphimedia in the
produced article 2 of the maxillipedal palp. From
Iphimedia in the entire telson, I-articulate palp of
maxilla 1 and the facial armament· of maxilla 2, and the
serrate incisor. From Anchiphimedia in the I-articulate
palp of maxilla 1 and the produced palp of the
maxilliped.
Species. Pariphimedia incisa Andres, 1985 [875]; P.
integricauda Chevreux, 1906a,c (not K.H. Bamard,
1932) (Stephensen, (1947a) (Thurston, 1974a,b) [870]; P.
normani (Cunningham, 1871) (Stebbing, 1914b)
(Schellenberg, 1931) (K.H. Bamard, 1932) [880].
Habitat· and distribution. Marine, Magellan-Palmer
and outliers, 0-91 m, 2 species.
Postodius Hirayama
Postodius Hirayama, 1983: 97.
Type species. Postodius imperfectus Hirayama, 1983,
original . designation.
Diagnosis. Body weakly carinate dorsally.
Antenna 1: peduncle of article 2 shorter than 1.
Mouthparts projecting conically. Labrum not incised,
epistome not very broad. Mandibular incisor narrow,
barely toothed; rakers present; molar well developed,
poorly triturative. Labium: inner lobes absent, outer
notched. Maxilla 1: palp I-articulate, short. Maxilla 2: inner
plate without facial row of setae. Maxillipeds: inner plate
narrower and shorter than outer plate; palp article 2
unproduced; palp article 3 large, stubby, setose, article
4 absent. Coxae 1-4 progressively larger,equally
long, coxa 1 acuminate, no ventral arc formed; coxa 4
with 1 ·cusp. Gnathopods diverse, of differing sizes,
gnathopod 1 feeble, slender, parachelate, gnathopod 2
with lobate wrist, expanded hand, palm subtransverse.
Telson elongate, entire.
Relationship. Scarcely distinct but differing from
Odius in the 3-articulate palp of the maxilliped, slightly
weaker chelation of gnathopod 1 and non-emarginate
telson.
Species. Postodius imperfectus Hirayama, 1983 [395].
Pseudiphimediella Schellenberg, 1931: 119.-Watling &
Holman, 1980: 639.
Type species. Amphitoe nodosa Dana, 1853, original
designation.
Diagnosis. Body covered with teeth or processes.
Antenna 1: peduncular article 2 shorter than 1. Mouthparts
projecting quadrately. Labrum incised, not very broad.
Mandibular incisor broad, cutting frontally, weakly
toothed; raker row absent; molar absent. Labium: inner
lobes absent. Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2
ordinary. Maxilla 2: inner plate without facial row of
setae. Maxillipeds: inner plate as long but not as broad
as outer plate, palp article 2 broad and apicomedially
unproduced; palp article 4 obsolescent. Coxae
ordinary. Gnathopods scarcely diverse, of slightly
different sizes, articles 5-6 elongate, narrow; both
gnathopods chelate. Telson scarcely incised.
Additional character. Gnathopod 2 more strongly
setose than 1.
Relationship. Like Iphimediella but mandible
cutting in frontal plane; thus mouthparts projecting
quadrately.
Differing from Echiniphimedia in the absence of
surficial cusps, all teeth emerging from margins of
segments and coxae.
Species. Pseudiphimediella glabra (Schellenberg,
1931) (Watling & Holman, 1980) [866 + B]; P. nodosa
(Dana, 1852a, 1853) (K.H. Bamard, 1932) [866].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, MagellanFalkland, 2-494 m, 2 species.
Stegopanoploea Karaman
Stegopanoploea Karaman, 1980b: 51.
Type. species... Panoploea joubini Chevreux, . 1912a,d
original designation.
Diagnosis. B.ody with strong posterior teeth and
processes, (rostrum very long). Antenna 1: peduncular
article 1 nearly twice as long as 2, (accessory flagellum
absent). Mouthparts projecting conically·; Labrum entire,
Barnard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
rather narrow, epistome not very broad. Mandibular
incisor narrow and long, toothed, raker row absent;
molar well developed, triturative. Labium: inner lobes
absent, outer lobes narrow, long, pointed distally, with
nearly smooth inner margin. Maxilla 1: (outer plate with
spines), palp short, 2-articulate, ratio of articles normal.
Maxilla 2: inner plate with facial row of setae (fide
Bellan-Santini, 1972b). Maxillipeds: inner plate narrower
and shorter than outer plate; palp 3-articulate, article 2
apicomedially produced. Coxae 1-4 progressively
longer, 4-5 forming ventral arc; coxa 4 strongly
polycuspidate. Gnathopods narrow, diverse, with
elongate articles 5-6; gnathopod 1 chelate, gnathopod 2
poorly subchelate. Telson incised.
Relationship. Differing from Iphimedia by the
well-developed triturative mandibular molar, in the
presence of facial setae on· the inner plate of maxilla
2, and by the untoothed inner margin of the outer
lobes of the labium.
Species. Stegopanoploea joubini (Chevreux,
1912a,d) (? = var. S. bidentata Nicholls, 1938) (BellanSantini, 1972b) (Karaman, 1980b) [870 + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Antarctica, 45426 m, 1 species.
Uschakoviella Gurjanova
Fig.75B
Uschakoviella Gurjanova, 1955b: 199.-Shoemaker, 1964:
417.
Type species. Uschakoviella echinophora Gurjanova,
1955b, original designation.
Diagnosis. Body covered with articulated spines.
Antenna 1: peduncular articles 1-2 subequal.
Mouthparts projecting conically. Labrum incised, not
very broad. Mandibular incisor ordinary, toothed; raker
row weak; molar broad and blunt, triturative. Labium:
inner lobes absent. Maxilla 1: palp 2-articulate, article 2
ordinary. Maxilla 2: inner plate without facial row of
setae. Maxillipeds: inner plate narrower but as long as
outer plate, latter elongate; palp article 2 narrow and
apicomedially unproduced; palp article 4 well
developed. Coxae 1-4 progressively longer; 4-5
forming ventral arc; coxa 4 scarcely polycuspidate.
Gnathopods alike, article 5 elongate, 6 shorter, both
narrow; both gnathopods scarcely chelate. Telson
incised or cleft.
Relationship. Differing from Echiniphimedia in the
well-developed molar and the articulate condition·· of
the spines covering the body ·surface; in Echiniphimedia
the processes are· fixed.
.
401
Differing from Acanthonotozoma in the slightly
chelate gnathopods and from most other taxa lacking
rakers but bearing chelate gnathopods by the welldeveloped dactyl of the maxillipedal palp.
Species. Uschakoviella echinophora Gurjanova,
1955b, U. e. abyssalis Gurjanova, 1955b (Shoemaker,
1964) (Wading & Holman, 1981) [230 + AB].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, OkhotskBering region, 54-2550 m, 1 species.
Ochlesi~ae
Stebbing, 1910a
Diagnosis. Palp of maxilliped with 0-2 articles.
Description. Body massive, compressed; anterior
coxae ·acuminate or oddly shaped. Head short, tall,
partially enveloped by pereon. Accessory flagellum
absent. Mouthparts grouped conically. Mandibular
rakers absent, molar very small poorly triturative or
simple. Palp of maxilliped absent or I-articulate or 2articulate. Gnathopods feeble, gnathopod 1 simple,
hand of gnathopod 2 simple, otherwise gnathopod 2
carpo- or merochelate. Urosomites separate. Uropod 3
ordinary. Telson entire or weakly slit.
See Iphimediinae and Lysianassidae.
Additional description. Rostrum large. Eyes
ordinary. Lateral cephalic lobes well developed.
Antennae cuspidate or not; antennal flagella sparsely
articulate. Labrum elongate. Left mandible with spiniform
lacinia mobHis, right absent, palp article 1 elongate.
Mandibular lobes of labium acuminate, inner lobes
weak or absent. Inner plate of maxilla 1 small, outer
plate subconical, spines . mostly fused to base, palp
vestigial or absent. Maxilla 2 elongate. Inner plate of
maxilliped acuminate, outer operculiform. Coxae
variable. Articles 3-6· of gnathopod 1 elongate, apical
setae strap-shaped or grossly feathered; articles 4-6 of
gnathopod 2 elongate. Article 2 of pereopods 5-7
well or weakly expanded, with even or deeply
sinuate posteroventral lobe. Pereopodal dactyls
variable in length. Pleopods ordinary. Epimera toothed
or not. Outer ramus of uropod 3 shortened. Body
narrowing dorsally to thin continuous keel, 1 or more
segments usually with large dorsal tooth.
Gills 2-?, narrow, strap shaped and·· clavate or
apically geniculate; oostegites nar.fOW and broad
together in same species, thus narrow on coxae 2 and
5 but broad on coxae 3-4 or also broad on coxa 2 in
another species.
Variables. Peduncle of antenna 1 with large teeth
(type) or not (0. eridunda);dactyls of pereopods 3-7
elongate (0. innocens), short (0. lenticulosus).
Relationship. Of the suborder .Gammaridea, only
402
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
certain members of the Ochlesinae and the genus
Danaella (see also Thoriella and Chevreuxiella in the
Lysianassidae) lack a palp on the maxilliped. This lack
is characteristic of all members of the Hyperiideabut
Ochlesinae appear in other respects to be related
closely to Gammaridea; and Ochlesodius has a 2-
articulate palp and thus shows a close connection to the
The large coxae are especially
characteristic of gammarideans but the general body
shape resembles that of Iphimediiae and Stilipedidae
Astyridae).
Assumed to derivatives of the Iphimediinae.
Iphimediidae~
Key to Genera of Ochlesinae
1.
Palp of maxilliped 2-articulate
Ochlesodius
--'-'" Palp of maxilliped 0 to I-articulate
2.
Body keel dorsally flattened, with plaques, pereonites
with lateral plaques (Fig.80C), telson linguiform, lateral
margins curled upward
- - Body keel
dorsally
laterally, telson flat
3.
2
knife-like,
pereonites
Me·raldia
smooth
~
3
Palp of maxilliped absent
Ochlesis
- - Palp of maxilliped l.;.articulate
Curidia
Ochlesis Stebbing
Curidia Thomas
Figs 78A,B,D, 79A,C
Curidia Thomas, 1983: 127.
. Ochlesis Stebbing, 1910a: 581.
Type species. Curidia debrogania Thomas, 1983,
original designation.
Diagnosis. Like Ochlesis but maxilliped with 1articulate palp.
Species. Curidia debrogania Thomas, 1983 [471].
Habitat 'and distribution. Marine, Caribbean Sea,
Belize, 6 rn, 1 species.
Meraldia Barnard & Karaman
Figs 78C, 79B
Type species. Ochlesis innocens Stebbing, 1910a,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. As in key.
Removal. Ochlesis meraldia J.L. Barnard, 1972b, to
Meraldia.
Species. Ochlesis alii J.L. Barnard, 1970a (?O. innocens
identification of Pirlot, 1936b and ?Schellenberg, 1938a)
[381 + ?640]; O. carinatus Ledoyer, 1986 [725wB]; O.
eridunda J.L. Barnard, 1972b [785]; O. innocens
Stebbing, 1910a [781]; O. lenticulosus K.H. Barnard, 1940
(Griffiths, 1974b,c, 1975) [743]; O. levetzowi
Schellenberg, 1953 (Griffiths, 1974a,c) [743].
Meraldia Bamard & Karaman, 1987: 857.
Type species. Ochlesis meraldi I.L. Barnard, 1972b,
original designation.
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Indo-Pacific
from Hawaii to southern Australia and southern Africa,
0-200 m, 6 species.
Diagnosis. As in key.
Ochlesodius Ledoyer
Species. Meraldia meraldi (J.L. Bamard, 1972b) [785].
Ochlesodius Ledoyer, 1982b: 48.
Habitat and distribution. Marine,
Islands, South Australia, 35 m, 1 species.
Pearson
Type
species.
Ochlesodius
spinicornis
Ledoyer,
Bamard & Kararnan: Marine Garnrnaridean Arnphipoda
1982b, original designation.
403
KURIIDAE I.L. Bamard, 1964c
Diagnosis. As in key.
Spe.cies. Ochlesodius spinicornis Ledoyer, 1982b
[693].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Glorieuseus, 26
m, 1 species.
ISCHYROCERIDAE Stebbing, 1899a
See Corophioidea
Diagnosis. Head ordinary; body laterally
compressed, barely rugose, urosomites 1-3 or 2-3
fused. Anterior coxae ordinary, much larger than
posterior coxae. Antennae ordinary. Mandible lacking
palp, molar triturative. Gnathopods feeble, poorly
prehensile, carpus and propodus linear, palms very
short, almost parachelate. Pleopods [?ordinary]. Uropod
3 with 1 ramus. Telson about as long as broad, deeply
cleft, formed into tent.
See other Talitroidea such as Hyalidae, Hyalellidae,
Ceinidae, Phliantidae, Plioplateidae, Dexaminidae,
A
/m
A
m
A
B
x1
B
Fig.78. Iphirnediidae, Ochlesinae. A, Ochlesis eridunda; B, Ochlesis innocens; C, Meraldia meraldi; D, Ochlesis
lenticulosus.
404
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Pagetinidae and Sebidae.
Kuria Walker & Scott
Fig.80
Description. Rostrum absent. Eyes ommatidial,
small. Accessory flagellum absent; antennae of medium
size, flagella poorly developed, antenna 1 slightly
larger than 2. Mandibular incisors toothed, laciniae
mobiles present, rakers present, palp absent. Labrum,
labium, maxillae [unknown]. Inner plates of maxillipeds
ordinary, outer much smaller, palp robust, dactyl stubby,
with long nail and accessory setae. Article 3 of
gnathopods 1-2 elongate,. article 6 longer than 5.
Pereopods 3-4 stouter than gnathopods, simple; article 2
of pereopods 5-7 broadly expanded, article 4
expanded and lobate, pereopods otherwise short and
alike. Pleopods [unknown]. Uropods 1-2 ordinary, rami
with apical and marginal spines; uropod 3 very small.
Body and appendages studded with setules. Gills
[unknown]; oostegites [unknown].
Relationship. Characterised by the fused
urosomites on a laterally compressed body with
ordinary coxae and I-articulate uropod 3. The
Dexaminidae have biramous uropod 3.
Hyalidae, Dogielinotidae, Hyalellidae and Ceinidae
have separate urosomites; Phliantidae and Plioplateidae
have flexed urosomes, cuspidate bodies, heads' or
antennae and have unusual pleopods, either the rami
being I-articulate, or reduced on one or more
pleopods, or the peduncles are expanded. One
assumes the unknown pleopods of Kuriidae are
ordinary, with slender and long multiarticulate
subequal rami.
The Pagetinidae have a mandibular palp but the
molar is weak or absent, and the plates of the maxillipeds
are reduced.
The Sebidae have chelate gnathopods, mandibular
palps, elongate peduncles of the antennae, and
subequally large coxae 4 and 5.
Kuria Walker & Scott, 1903: 228.
Type species. Kuria longimanus Walker & Scott, 1903,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. With the characters of the family.
Species. Kuria longimanus Walker & Scott, 1903
[676].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, Abd-el-Kuri,
[?littoral] , 1 species.
LAFYSTIIDAE Sars, 1895
Diagnosis. Accessory flagellum absent. Field of
mouthparts conical. Mandibular molar absent. Palp of
maxilla 1 vestigial, I-articulate. Palp of maxilliped 2articulate. Coxae 1-3 quadrate, coxa 4 acuminate.
Gnathopod 1 simple. Telson short, entire.
See Ipliimediidae and Laphystiopsidae.
Description. Body broad, depressed, not carinate.
Urosome flattened, urosomite 1 elongate. Rostrum large,
eyes bulging laterally. Antenna 1 dominant, peduncle
short. Upper lip entire, with narrow, almost attenuate
apex. Mandible modified for piercing, palp well
developed, 3-articulate. Inner lobes of lower lip absent.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 medium, apically setose, outer
plate with 7 spines. Plates of maxilla 2 narrow, inner plate
medially setose. Inner plate of maxilliped narrow,
A
B
s
s
A
D
f
f
B
c
Fig.79. Iphimediidae, OchIesinae. A, Ochlesis innocens; B, Meraldiaeridunda; C, Ochlesis lenticulosus.
A
B
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
apically armed, outer plate large, sparsely armed, palp
short. Coxa 4 longer than· coxa 3, coxae 5-6 with sharp
and elongate posterior lobe. Gnathopod 1 slender,
propodus and dactyl elongate; gnathopod 2 feeble,
propodus not elongate, weakly parachelate, dactyl
elongate. Pereopods 3-4 much larger than gnathopods,
dactyls deeply curved; pereopods 5-7 extending
equally, article 2 increasingly expanded, dactyls
deeply curved. Epimeron 2 dominant. Uropods 1-3
extending equally, outer rami shortened, peduncle of
uropod 3 scarcely elongate. Telson ovate.
Relationship. Differing from the Iphimediidae in the
quadrate coxae 1-3 and 2-articulate palp of the maxilliped;
from Laphystiopsidae in the reduction of the palps on
maxilla 1 and maxilliped, the loss of molars and raker
rows, the retention of prehensility on gnathopod 2, and
the apically narrowed, entire upper lip.
Other affinities are discussed through the
Laphystiopsidae.
Lafystius
Kr~yer
Fig.81
Lafystius Krf2Syer, 1842: 156.-Stebbing, 1906: 208.
Darwinia Bate, 1857d: 141 (Darwinia compressa Bate, 1857d,
monotypy).
?Dermophilus Beneden & Bessels, 1870: 26 (Dermophilus
lophii Beneden & Bessels, 1870, monotypy, nomen nudum).
?Ichthyomyzocus Hesse, 1873: 5 (Ichthyomyzocus ornatus
Hesse, 1873, here selected).
Type species. Laphystius sturionis Krf2Syer, 1842,
_-----
1
Fig.80. Kuriidae. A, Kuria longimanus.
405
monotypy.
Diagnosis. With the characters of the family.
L.
Species. Lafystius sturionis Kr0yer, 1842
L. lophii Beneden & Bessels,
compressa Bate, 1857d)
1870)
L. ornatus,L. morrhuae, L. squatinae Hesse,
1873) (Sars, 1895) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Stephensen,
1931a, 1938b) (Lincoln, 1979a) [354].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, boreal to warmtemperate, amphi-Atlantic, littoral, occurring on fishes, 1
species.
LAPHYSTIOPSIDAE Stebbing, 1899a
Diagnosis. Accessory flagellum absent. Field of
mouthparts not conical. Mandibular molar scarcely
triturative or not. Palp of maxilla 1 large, 1-2 articulate.
Palp of maxilliped 4-articulate. Coxae 1-4 small, quadrate
or anteroposteriorly rectangular. Gnathopods 1-2 feeble
simple. Telson short, entire.
See Iphimediidae, Lafystiidae, Eusiridae (Calliopiidae,
Pleustidae), Oedicerotidae and Stilipedidae (=
Astyridae).
Description. Body broad, depressed, weakly to
strongly carinate on pleonites 3-4 or 1-3 only.
Urosome slightly flattened, urosomite L elongate or not.
Head flat, rostrum large and spatulate or absent; eyes
present or absent; sides of head bulging or not.
Antenna 1 dominant, peduncle short, flagellum
elongate, article 1 of fIagellum pubescent or not.
406
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Upper lip broad, incised. Mandibular incisors
ordinary, not attenuate or piercing, palp well developed,
3-articulate. Inner lobes of lower lip weak or absent.
Inner plate of maxilla 1 small, ovate, with 1 small seta,
outer plate with 5-7 spines, palp variable. Plates of maxilla
2 narrow, inner setose medially or not. Plates of
maxilliped ordinary, palp large or small. Coxae variable,
short and evenly extending or middle coxae longer.
Gnathopods simple, like pereopod 3, carpus elongate.
Pereopods 5-7 increasingly elongate or not, article 2
increasingly expanded. Epimeron 2 dominant. Uropods
1 and 3 exceeding uropod 2 (as far as known), outer
rami slightly shortened or not; peduncle of uropod 3
scarcely elongate. Telson ovate.
Variables. Prolaphystiusdeparts most from the
typical characterisation in the absence of rostrum;
larger middle coxae, excavate coxa 4, lysianassid-like
pereopods 5-7, and elongate urosomite 1.
Relationship. The Laphystiopsidae are simply taxa
like Eusiridae (= Calliopiidae) and Pleustidae with
fe~ble, simple gnathopods; feeble, poorly setose
maxillipedal palps; and poorly developed mandibular
molars. The lower lip .of the type genus is like the
characteristic labium of Pleustidae, although
Prolaphystius carries the situation further in having lost
the inner lobes.
Like the Lafystiidae one supposes Laphystiopsidae
might have some roots in Iphimediidae. Lafystiidae have
an acuminate coxa 4 and otherwise fit the Iphimediidae
except for the reduced palp on the maxilliped. The
Laphystiopsidae are so diverse that they must be
discussed one at a time. Laphystiopsis differs from
Iphimediidae in the very short non-acuminate coxae
and flattened (though strongly rostrate) head;
Prolaphystiopsis differs in the flat rostrum and
possibly the coxae [not described]; Prolaphystius
differs in the non-rostrate head and thin geniculate
urosome.
The Stilipedidae (= Astyridae) bear a small accessory
flagellum, large outer lobes on the maxillipeds and
strongly dominant carpus on the gnathopods.
All but one genus of Oedicerotidae have elongate
peduncles on uropod 3, and that genus, Metoediceros,
like other oedicerotids, has slightly or strongly
subchelate gnathopods, disproportionately elongate
pereopod 7, strongly setose pereopods, and un-notched
labra.
Corophioids have triturative molars and usually
subchelate or strongly setose and specialised
gnathopods.
The Laphystiopsidae might be confused with
Phoxocephalidae which also have a flat, spatulate
1
s
Fig.SI. Lafystiidae. A, Lafystius sturionis.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
407
The uniformity of Laphystiopsidae is spoiled by the
loss of the rostrum in Prolaphystius. That genus has a long
urosomite 1 as in Podoceridae but otherwise has no
further relationship to that family. Prolaphystius is added
to the Key to the Genera of Eusiridae where it seems
to have some affinity.
rostrum, but Laphystiopsidae differ in the non-fossorial
pereopods and antennae and the large magniramous
uropod 3 lacking article 2 on the outer ramus
(occasionally true in Phoxocephalidae but only with short
uropod 3), the small coxae, the weak antenna 2 and the
uncleft telson.
Key to Genera of Laphystiopsidae
Large rostrum absent, coxa 4 almost as long as broad
and deeply excavate posteriorly
1.
- - Large rostrum present, coxa 4 small, much wider than
long, unexcavate posteriorly
2.
Prolaphystius
~
2
Palp of maxilla 1 2-articulate
Prolaphystiopsis
--Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate
Laphystiopsis
molar conical, unridged. Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate.
Coxae short, broad, not touching serially, coxa 4 much
wider than long, not excavate posteriorly. Pleonite 3
dorsally carinate but not forming horizontal shelf,
urosomite 1 carinate and saddled. Telson short, oval.
Laphystiopsis Sars
Fig.82B
Laphystiopsis Sars, 1895: 386.
Type species. Laphystiopsis planifrons Sars, 1895,
monotypy.
Description. Article 1 of antenna 1 weakly carinate
to strongly produced apically and massive. Coxae
produced forward or not. Articles 2-7 of pereopod 2
either like pereopod 1 or pereopod 3. Pleonites 3-4
Diagnosis. Rostrum well developed. Mandibular
o
B
B
0:J
CJ
B
1
t
\(
B
A
J
B
B
A
B
Fig.82. Laphystiopsidae. A, Prolaphystius isopodops; B, Laphystiopsis planifrons.
B
B
408
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
carinate and pleonite 4 saddled or only pleonites 1-3
carinate.
New records.. Shoemaker (1919) did not publish
data on L. iridometrae; these are Albatross 5310, South
China Sea near Hong Kong, 21°33'N 116°13'E, 183 m
and Albatross 5311, same, 21°33'N 116°15'E, 161 m.
Species.. Laphystiopsis iridometrae Shoemaker, 1919
(Vader, 1978) [6521]; L. ornitorhynchus Bulycheva, 1952
[391 + B]; L. planifrons Sars, 1895 (Stephensen, 1926,
1931a, 1938b) (Gurjanova, 1951) [240 + B].
Habitat and distribution.. Marine; boreal to South
China Sea, 167-900 rn, occasionally on crinoids, 3 species.
columnar, scarcely triturative. Palp of maxilla 1
2-articulate. Coxae of ordinary size, touching serially,
coxa 4 about as long as wide, excavate posteriorly.
Pleonite 3 dorsally flattened and forming horizontal
shelf projecting posteriorly; urosomite 1 unmodified
(young) or in adult weakly saddled. Telson elongate,
linguiform.
Description. Article 1 of antenna 1 thick, not
carinate. Coxae not produced forward. Pereopod 4
like pereopod 3. Pleonites 1-2 not carinate.
Species. Prolaphystius isopodops K.H. Barnard, 1930
[876B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, McMurdo
Sound, 406-441 m, 1 species.
Prolaphystiopsis Schellenberg
Fig.82A
LEUCOTHOIDAE Dana, 1852b
Prolaphystiopsis Schellenberg, 1931: 115.
Type
species.
Prolaphystiopsis
Schellenberg, 1931, monotypy.
platyceras
Diagnosis. Rostrum well developed. Mandibular
molar conical, scarcely triturative. Palp of maxilla 1 2articulate. [?Coxae short, broad, not touching serially,
coxa 4 much wider than long, not excavate posteriorly.
?Pleonite 3 dorsally carinate and not forming horizontal
shelf; ?urosornite 1 carinate and saddled]. Telson short,
oval.
Description. Article 1 of antenna 1 strongly
carinate, massive. [Coxae, pereopod 4 and pleon
unknown].
Second species..
diagnosis true.
Characters
in brackets
of
Species. Prolaphystiopsis latirostris Ledoyer, 1986
[618A]; P. platyceras Schellenberg, 1931 [831].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, north-west of
Falkland Islands, 197 rn, and north-east of Geyser Bank
near Madagascar, 2300-2500 rn, 2 species.
Prolaphystius K.H. Bamard
Prolaphystius K.H. Bamard, 1930: 342.
Type species. Prolaphystius isopodops K.H. Barnard,
1930, monotypy.
Diagnosis. Rostrum absent. Mandibular molar
Diagnosis. Accessory flagellum vestigial, 1 to 2articulate, very small. Mandible lacking molar. Outer
plates of maxilliped very small, probably never larger
than inner plates. Coxa 1 ordinary. Gnathopod 1
carpochelate. Telson entire.
See Amphilochidae, Anamixidae, Cressidae,
Sebidae and Stenothoidae.
Description. Body laterally compressed, smooth,
slick and shiny. Rostrum small to large and thick;
lateral cephalic lobes weak, eyes ommatidia!. Antenna 1
slender, often partially attached to rostrum, peduncle
long, article 2 often as long as 1, main flagellum
sparsely articulate, accessory flagellum vestigial or
absent, rarely 2-articulate. Antenna 2 .slender, feeble.
Epistome strongly produced anteriorly, front of head
with midvertical keel; labrum asymmetrically incised.
Mandibles lacking molar, raker row long, incisors
broad, toothed, wavy or with only one lateral notch,
palp slender, feeble, 1 or 3-articulate, article3 short, Esetae sparse. Labium with inner lobes discrete or fused
to outer, gape moderate to absent, mandibular lobes
well developed. Inner plate of maxilla 1 small, naked or
sparsely setose, outer plate with 5-9 spines, palp 1 or 2articulate. Maxilla 2 feeble, inner plate broad, medial
setae sparse but thick and short, spine-like, outer plate
much more slender and sparsely setose. Outer plates of
maxillipeds moderately developed, inner plates small
and discrete or mostly fused together,palp of
maxilliped long, thin, 4-articulate.
Coxa 1 large, sometimes hidden by shield-like coxae
2-4; coxa· 2 largest, 4 scarcely larger than 3, weakly
excavate or not, coxae 5-7 slightly to greatly smaller.
Gnathopod 1 small or large, carpochelate but often 6articulate (either articles 4-5 or 6-7 thought to be
amalgamated). Gnathopod 2 very large and often
strongly carpochelate, propodus large in males and
some females, elongate, oval, weakly to strongly
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
sculptured, palm present or absent, dactyl long,
overlapping propodus and carpal process.
Pereopods 3-4 slender. Pereopods 5-7 alike, short,
bases expanded, 7 often weakly lobate. Pleopods
biramous, multiarticulate. Uropods 1-3 slender,
apparently reaching to same extent, uropod 3 often
breaking away, rami lanceolate, outer rami weakly to
strongly shortened, weakly to moderately spinose.
Uropod 3 biramous, peduncle elongate as on uropods
1.. 2. Telson short to long, ovate, entire. Gills simple,
ovate, small. Oostegites thin or moderately broad.
Sexual dimorphism not apparent in many taxa.
Relationship. The Amphilochidae have welldeveloped mandibles and gnathopod 1 is never so
fully carpochelate as in leucothoids, nor does the
second gnathopod quite reach the condition in which
the appendage is huge, the long carpal process
overlapped by the dactyl and the huge propodus have
such a poor palm.
The Cressidae and Stenothoidae have a uniramous
uropod 3; many specimens of both Leucothoidae and
Cressidae lose uropod 3 on death so again one must
note the conspicuous size and form of gnathopod 2 in
the Leucothoidae. This is also mostly true of
Stenothoidae but all genera, of that family also have
pereopod 5 with narrow article 2. Cressidae have the
telson fused with urosomite 3.
The Sebidae have uniramous third uropods and
propodochelate (not carpochelate) gnathopod 1. Their
urosomites 2-3 are coalesced.
The
Anamixidae
superficially
resemble
Leucothoidae but are characterised by the reduced
coxa 1 and strong sexual dimorphism.
Ecology. The Anamixidae and some Leucothoidae
have been assumed in the past to be piercing and
sucking inquilines and are usually found in warm
shallow waters on sessile invertebrates, particularly
sponges, tunicates, corals and perhaps hydroids.
However, Thomas & Taylor (1981) have found that
male Anamixis are filter feeders despite the vestigial
mandibles and maxillae and the presence of a 'piercing'
stylet. Thomas & Bamard (new observations) also find
that leucothoids are filter feeders, often inside
ascidians and tunicates.
Key to Genera of Leucothoidaeand Anamixidae
1.
Coxa
large and visible, palp of mandible 3-articulate
-.-.-Coxa 1 small or absent and largely hidden
palp of mandible 0 to' I-articulate
2.
3.
2
by coxa 2,
Coxa 2 very short, broader than long, acute anteriorly
--,-. Coxa 2 at least as long as broad,
anteriorly
~
4
Leucothoe (Leucothoella)
rounded below and
3
Outer plate of maxilliped reaching less than halfway
along palp article 1 (Fig.84A), palp of maxilla 1
2-articulate
Leucothoe (Leucothoe)
--. Outer 'plate of maxilliped reaching almost to end of palp
article 1, palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate
Paraleucothoe
4.
Gnathopod 1 absent or vestigial
Paranamixis
~
-·-.Gnathopod 1 well developed
5.
Mandibles and maxillae vestigial,
maxillipeds vestigial or absent
--. Mandibles and maxillae
maxillipeds cOll,spicuous
ordinary,
409
5
outer plates of
~
~
mal~
Anamixis
outer plates of
female Anamixis
410
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Leucothoe Leach
1804
(=
Gammarus
1789), monotypy.
spinicarpus
Abildgaard,
Figs 83A,C,D, 84A,B
Leucothoe Leach, 1814b:432.-Leach, 1814a: 403.-J.L.
Barnard, 1974b: 79.-Ledoyer, 1978b: 291.-Lincoln
1971: 172.
Cuviera Leach, 1814b: 435 [nomen nudum].
Lycesta Savigny, 1816: 109 (Lycesta furina Savigny, 1816,
monotypy).
Leucothoella Schellenberg, 1928b: 638 (Leucothoella
bannwarthi Schellenberg, 1928b, monotypy).
Leucothopsis Ledoyer, 1972c: 250 (Leucothopsis
angustiucoxa Ledoyer, 1972c, original designation).
Type
species.
Cancer
articulosus
Montagu,
Diagnosis. Palp
moderately setose.
less than halfway
variable, broad or
anteriorly long or
of maxilla 1 2-articulate. Maxilla 2
Outer plates of maxilliped reaching
to apex of palp article 1. Coxa 2
long, acute or rounded below and
very short.
Sexual dimorphism. In males base of antenna 1
rarely swollen (L. oboa, L. pachycera); male
gnathopod 2 occasionally distinctive, propodus longer,
sculpture of palm either less or more accentuated.
Variables. Head usually with midanterior vertical
B
1
A
Fig.83. Leucothoidae and Anamixidae. A, Leucothoe spinicarpa; B, Anamixis (=ii Leucothoides) pottsi; C,
Leucothoe pa~hycera; D, Leucothoe (= Leucothoella) bannwarthi.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
keel distinctly sculptured in various species; epistome
also with large process; rostrum large (L. rostrata);
coxa 2 shortened, broader than long but corners
rounded (L. occulta, L. goowera); coxa 2 shortened and
with anteroventral corner sharp (character of
Leucothoella and Leucothopsis, especially L. gracilis, L.
angusticoxa), this condition intermediated by L.
ctenochir; coxa 3 subacuminate (L. crenatipalma);
posteroventral lobe of coxa 4 present or absent;
coxa 5 slightly or greatly shorter than coxa 4;
dactyl of gnathopod 1 short (L. lilljeborgi, etc.); article
2 of pereopods 5-7 very slender, almost rectilinear
(L. gracilis); outer ramus of uropod 2 frequently
shortened, of uropod 3 shortened (L. gracilis);
uropod 3 greatly exceeding uropods 1-2 (L.
gracilis); telson usually elongate; see also
Ledoyer (1978b) for long list of variables and list of
species.
Relationship. Differing from Paraleucothoe in the
smaller outer plates of the maxillipeds.
Ecology. Commensal with ascidians, sponges and
pelecypods.
Key to Subgenera of Leucothoe
(Subgenera poorly distinct)
Coxa 2 short, broader than long, with sharp
corner(s)
,.
(Leucothoella)
Coxa 2 ordinary, as long as broad, with rounded
corners
(Leucothoe)
411
Species. See Chevreux & Fage (1925); Karaman
(1971a); Krapp-Schickel (1971, 1975b); Ledoyer (1972c,
1978b); species marked "(E)" are in Leucothoella; L.
acanthopus Schellenberg, 1928b (Ruffo, 1969) [677]; L.
acutilobata Ledoyer, 1978b [697]; L. affinis Stimpson,
1856a [743]; L. alata I.L. Bamard, 1959d, 1962c, 1979b
[370]; L. alcyone Jmbach, 1969 [655]; L. angusticoxa
(Ledoyer, 1972c, 1979a, 1986) (as Leucothopsis) [698]; L.
assimilis I.L. Barnard, 1974b (Ledoyer, 1984) [784 + 586];
(E) L. bannwarthi (Schellenberg, 1928b) (I.L. Bamard,
1965a) (Ledoyer, 1979a, 1986) (as Leucothoella) [600]; L.
bidens Hirayama, 1985c [391]; L. boolpooli I.L. Bamard,
1974b (Chilton, 1923 as L. spinicarpa) (Moore, 1987)
[782]; L. commensalis Haswell, 1879a (I.L. Bamard,
1974b) (Ledoyer, 1984) (Moore,1987) [780 + 586]; L.
crassimana Kossmann, 1880 (?Sowinsky, 1897, 1898) [677
+ 341]; L. crenatipalma Ledoyer, 1972c, 1979a, 1986 [690];
L. ctenochasma Moore, 1987 [783]; L. ctenochir K.H.
Bamard, 1925 (Ledoyer, 1979a, 1986) [690]; L. dentata
Ledoyer, 1973a, 1986 [698]; L. diemenensis Haswell,
1879a (I.L. Bamard, 1974b) [783]; L. dolichoceras K.H.
Bamard, 1916 (Griffiths, 1974b,c, 1975) [743]; L. euryonyx
Walker, 1901 (= L. dentitelsonChevreux, 1925, Reid,
1951) (= L. quadrimana Ruffo, 1946, Krapp-Schickel, 1967)
(Krapp-Schickel, 1975b) (Ledoyer, 1986) [352 + 698]; L.
Jurina (Savigny, 1816) (= L. procera Bate, 1857d) (= L.
hornelli Walker, 1904, 1905b, 1909b; Chevreux, 1908c)
(Sivaprakasam, 1969b) (Imbach, 1969) (Ledoyer, 1979b)
[600}; L. gavialis Myers, 1985c [576]; L. goowera I.L.
Bamard, 1974b [7~8].; L. gracilis Haswell, 1879a (I.L.
Barnard, 1974b) (auct. Leucothoella) [780]; L. grandimana
Stimpson, 1853 [254]; L. hyhelia I.L Bamard, 1965a,
1970a (Ledoyer, 1979a, 1986) (Myers, 1986b) [600]; L.
incisa Robertson, 1892 (Chevreux & Fage, 1925)
(Nagata, 1965a) (Krapp-Schickel, 1975b) (Lincoln, 1979a)
(Myers & Costello, 1986) [330 + 395]; L.laticoxa Ledoyer,
1978a, 1986 [698B]; L. lihue I.L. Bamard, 1070a (Ledoyer,
c
A
A
Q
''''''~
A
(]o
Fig.84. Leucothoidae and Anamixidae. A, Leucothoe spinicarpa; B, Leucothoe boolpooli; C, Paraleucothoe
novaehollandia; D, Anamixis .(= Leucothoides) pottsi.
412
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
Boeck, 1861 (= L.
Sars, 1895) (Krapp-Schickel,
(Myers & Costello, 1986) (Lincoln, 1979a) [352
+
L. macrodonta Ledoyer, 1986 [698]; L. madrasana
Sivaprakasam, 1969b (Ledoyer, 1979a, 1986) [660]; L.
mateusae n.sp. (= L. denticulata Mateus & Mateus, 1966
[homonym]) [446]; L. micronesiae J.L. Bamard, 1965a
(Ledoyer, 1979a, 1986) [600]; L. minima Schellenberg,
1925a (?Reid, 1951) [445]; L. minuscula Schellenberg,
1938a [578]; L. nagatai Ishimaru, 1985b (L. alata of
Nagata, 1965a) [3941]; L. neptunea Moore, 1987 [783]; L.
oboa Karaman, 1971a (Krapp-Schickel, 1975b) (Ledoyer,
1977) [340]; L. occulta Krapp.,.Schickel, 1975b [352];-L.
orkneyi Watling & Holman, 1983 [836B]; L. pachycera
Della Valle, 1893 (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (KrappSchickel, 1975b) [340]; L. pacifica Nagata, 1963 [394B]; L.
panpulco J.L. Bamard, 1961a [501A]; [L. parthenopaea
Costa, 18511 [nomen nudum]; L. predenticulata Ledoyer,
1978b, 1986 [697]; L. procera Bate, 1857d(= identification
of L. richiardi, Lincoln, 1979a} (Myers & McGrath, 1982b)
[239]; L. richiardi Lessona, 1865 (?Sivaprakasam, 1969b)
(not Lincoln, 1979a) (Ledoyer, 1986) [352 + 660]; L.
rostrata Chevreux, 1908g, 1935 [304B]; L. serraticarpa
Della Valle, 1893 (Krapp-Schickel, 1975b) [348]; L.
spinicarpa (Abildgaard, 1789) (= L. articulosus Montagu,
1804, Sars, 1895) (= L.denticulata Costa, 1853) (= L. miersl
Stebbing, 1888) (= L. -antarctica Pfeffer, 1888) (= L.
occidentalis Reid, 1951) (Krapp-Schickel, 1975b)
(Lincoln, 1979a) (Watling & Holman, 1983) (Ledoyer,
1986) [420 + B + I]; L. spinulosa Chevreux, 1919-20, 1927
[441B]; L. squalidens Ledoyer, 1984, 1986 [586]; L.
stegoceras Walker, 1904, 1909b [6751]; L. stylifera
Stimpson, 1856b [395]; L. tarte J.L. Bamard, 1974b [782];
L. trailli Thomson, 1882 (I.L. Bamard, 1972b) [775]; L.
tridens Stebbing, 1888 (? = t. recifensis Schellenberg,
1938a) (?Schellenberg, 1938a) (I.L. Bamard, 1970a)
[?775A + 555]; L. uschakovi Gurjanova, 1951 [220A];
L. venetiarum Soika, 1949(Krapp-Schickel, 1975b)
[330].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan, 03570 m, in ascidians, sponges and clams, 58 species.
Paraleucothoe Stebbing
Fig.84C
Paraleucothoe Stebbing, 1899a: 208.
Type species. Leucothoe novaehollandiae
1879b, original designation.
Haswel~,
Diagnosis. Palp of maxilla 1 I-articulate. Maxilla 2
nearly naked. Outer plates of maxilliped reaching to apex
of palp article 1. Coxa 2 as long as broad, corners
rounded below.
Variables. Epistome and cephalic keel growing
more discontiguous with maturity; dactyl of gnathopod
1 relatively larger in juveniles than in adults;
gnathopod 1 becoming more like Dutch wooden shoe in
adults, with articles 5-6 becoming broader and article 6
developing parrot head anteriorly.
Relationship. Except for the I-articulate palp of
maxilla 1 this is the basic leucothoid at least in its
subadult stages, thereby having all the positive characters
such as large outer plates of the maxilljpeds, large
gnathopod 1 and large coxa 1. See Leucothoe.
Species.. Paraleucothoe novaehollandiae (Haswell,
1879b) (= P. brevidigitata Miers, 1884) (= P. flindersi
Stebbing, 1888) (Chilton, 1922b, 1923b) (I.L. Bamard,
1972b) [793].
Habitat and distribution~ Marine, circum-Australia,
0-9 m, 1 species.
LILJEBORGIIDAE Stebbing, 1899a
Diagnosis. Accessory _flagellum 2+articulate. Molar
of mandible feeqle, not triturative. Gnathopods
powerful, carpus of at least 1 pair well produced.
Plates of maxilliped only moderately developed.
Telson cleft, each apex with spine(s) in notch.
See
Gammaridae,
Eusiridae,
Pleustidae,
Haustoriidae, Stilipedidae, Vitjazianidae and
Pseudamphilochidae.
Description. Body laterally compressed, weakly
carinate especially on urosome. Rostrum small, lateral
lobes well developed, incision for antenna 2 weak or
absent. Peduncle of antenna 1 medium to short, article
2 medium to short relative to article 1, primary flagellum
elongate, usually thick, proliferate (articles short and
broad), accessory flagellum usually very well
developed, 6 to 12-articulate, rarely 2-articulate
(Listriella). Antenna 2 of ordinary amphipodan size,
usually longer than antenna 1. Labrum broad, very short,
truncate or weakly incised. Incisor weakly toothed,
laciniae mobiles symmetrical, flabellate on both sides,
raker row well developed, molar feeble or absent, often
weakly spinose, palp feeble, _slender, linear, article 1
usually elongate, thereafter geniculate, article 3 short, DE
or E-setae sparse. Inner lobes of lower lip .scarcely
developed, outer lobes ovate, tilted. Inner plate of maxilla
1 small, --poorly setose, outer plate with 7+ spines, palp
2-articulate. Inner plate of maxilla 2 broader than outer,
medially setose, lacking facial setae. Plates of
maxilliped -mediumtofeeble~--outer plate spinose
mediatly; palp very long, slender, dactyl unglliform.
Coxae 1-4 well developed, quadrate or rectangular,
poorly setose, coxa 1 trapezoidal, larger than coxa 2, 23 usually weakly taperin-g, coxa - 4 largest, excavate
posterodorsally, coxae 5-7 much shortened. Gnathopods
medium to large, usually alike but often diverse, either
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
gnathopod 1 or 2 occasionally enlarged greatly;
propodus large, ovate or trapezoidal, carpus very
short, lobate or not, merus usually" underslung and
often weakly produced ('merochelate '). Pereopods 3~ 7
successively more elongate, article 2 of pereopods
5-7 alike, expanded, ovate, weakly lobate.
Epimera ordinary. Pleopods ordinary, peduncles
elongate. Uropods 1-2 ordinary. Uropod 3 not very
elongate but usually over-reaching uropods 1-2
because of slightly enlarged urosomite 3 (relative to
most other Gammaridea) peduncle rarely elongate,
rami lanceolate or leaf-like, usually outer ramus
narrower than inner, 1 to 2-articulate. Telson slightly
elongate, deeply cleft, lobes narrow, tapering, each apex
with spine in notch. Gills 2-?, tear-drop shaped; oostegites
slender.
Relationship. Close to the Gammaridae in overall
similarity, distinguishable from all but a few genera of
Gammaroidea in the feeble molar, from Gammaroidea with
feeble molar by the form of the maxilliped
(Fig.85A), coxae 1-4, and often in the· elongate article 1
of the mandibular palp or the shape of uropod 3 and
the telson. For example, Parelasmopus of Gammaroidea
has the elongate article .1 of the mandibular palp b'-lt
the mandibular molar is fully triturative.
The Stilipedidae and Vitjazianidae have feeble
gnathopods and very large plates on the ma:xillipeds~
Eusiridae and Pleustidae usually have 0 to 1articulate accessory flagella whereas only a few
Liljeborgiidae have 2-articulate accessory flagella,
thereby conflicting with a few 2-articulate Eusiridae
and Pleustidae. The various Eusiridae-Pleustidae with
uncieft telsons can be easily recognised, so can others
with fully triturative molars. Listriella can usually be
separated from Austropleustes and similar eusirids in the
elongate article 1 of the mandibular palp and 2-articulate
outer ramus of uropod 3. Eusiridae have the outer rami
of uropods 1-2 shortened; this is rarely evident only on
uropod 2 in a few liljeborgiids. Two confusing eusirids
with obsolescent molars, Eusirella and Eusiropsis, have
calceoli, not found in Liljeborgiidae. Again the maxillipedal
configuration in Liljeborgiidae is helpful along with the
coxal shapes, coxae 1-4 being broad-narrow-narrowbroad.
The Pseudamphilochidae lack an accessory flagellum,
have a large rostrum and un~notched telsonic apices;
otherwise the Liljeborgiidae share the similar coxa 1~
weak molar, cleft telson and moderately powerful
gnathopods.
Most haustorioids have diverse pereopods 5-7, or
fossorial pereopods 5-7, few if apy have the broadened
coxa 1 and na.rrowcoxae 2-3 of Liljeborgiidae; they
mostly have large' plates of the maxillipeds or fossorial
antennae or otherwise have feeble gpathopods in other
troublesome genera.
Key to Genera of LilJeborgiidae
1.
2.
~
Article 1 of mandibular palpshort
--Article 1 of mandibular palp elongate
~
Carpus of gnathopods 1-2 strongly produced, slender
and elongate [Fig.85A], one or both dactyls of
gnathopods 1-2 deeply serrate or· toothed
~
~
ci • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
~ .. /dunella
~
•••••••••• u
.,
2
~.4
Coxa 1 enlarged, posteroventrally lobate and enveloping
reduced coxae 2-3, each lobe of telson with 4+ spines
--Coxa 1 ordinary, not lobate, not enveloping coxae 2-3
of ordinary length and not enveloped by coxa 1, each
lobe· of telson with 1 spine .. ~ ~
;.
~
••••••••••••
3
- .-Carpus of gnathopods 1-2 weakly produced, slender or
thick or short [Fig.85B], neither gnathopodal dactyl
deeply serrate nor toothed
3.
/sipingus
P
••••
~
••••••••••••
uLiljeborgia
M{lJlgjQuJar .molar triturative, gnathopod 2 propodusand
carpus setose anteriorly .~
~~
~ ••......... ~ .• ~ •.......•..........•.. Sextonia
-,- . Mandibular molar simple, gnathopod 2 propodus and
carpus naked, anteriorly
Listriella
4.
413
414
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
ldunella Sars
Fig.85C
Idunella Sars, 1895: 536.-J.L. Bamard, 1959a: 16 (part).Karaman & Barnard, 1979: 114 (part).
carpus of gnathopods not setose anteriorly; carpus of
male gnathopods 1-2 poorly produced. Outer ramus of
uropod 3 2-articulate. Each lobe of telson with 2 apical
spines.
Type species. Lilljeborgia [sic] aequicornis Sars, 1876,
monotypy.
Description. Article 2 of peduncle on antenna 1
longer than half of article 1. Outer plate of maxilla 1
with 5 spines. Dactyls of gnathopods not deeply
toothed nor serrate.
Diagnosis. Accessory flagellum 4+articulate.
Epistome poorly produced. Article 1 of mandibular
palp not elongate; molar simple. Coxae 1-4 ordinary.
Gnathopod 2 smaller than gnathopod 1, propodus and
Sexual dimorphism. In type species male
antenna 2 enlarged, male gnathopod 1 much larger
than female gnathopod 1, lobe of carpus stronger,
propodus large, palm more oblique and deeply
A
A
B
Fig.8S. Liljeborgiidae. ·A, Liljeborgia brevicornis; B, Listriella goleta; C, Idunella aequicornis; D, Listriella
diffusa; E, -Listriella eriopisa.
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
excavate; uropod 3 enlarged and inner ramus
thickened.
Variables. Inner plate of maxilla 1 with 1 seta
(type), 2 setae (I. pirata); inner and outer plates of maxilla
2 each with 1 + facial seta (I. pirata).
Relationship. Differing from all other liljeborgiids
in the short article 1 of the mandibular palp.
Species. ldunella aequicornis (Sars, 1876, 1885, 1895)
(Stephensen, 1944a) (Gurjanova, 1951) [220+ B]; I.
pirata Krapp-Schickel, 1975a (Karaman, 1975a) (Ledoyer,
1977) [340 + B].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, high Arctic and
North Atlantic into Mediterranean Sea, 67-763 m, 2
species.
Isipingus Bamard & Karaman
Isipingus Barnard & Karaman, 1987: 864.
Type species. Liljeborgia epistomata K.H. Barnard,
1932, original designation.
Diagnosis. Accessory flagellum 4+articulate.
Epistome hugely produced. Article 1 of mandibular
palp elongate. In male, coxa 1 greatly enlarged,
posteroventrally lobate, this lobe· encompassing much
reduced coxae 2-3; coxa 4 much smaller than coxa 1,
abnormally narrowed and anteriorly bevelled. Carpus
of gnathopods 1-2 strongly produced. Outer ramus of
uropod 3 [?I-articulate]. Each lobe of telson with 4-5
apical spines.
Description. Article 2 of peduncle on antenna 1
[?short]. Dactyls of gnathopods deeply toothed.
Relationship. Differing from Liljeborgia in the large
epistomal process, enlarged coxa 1 enveloping
reduced coxae 2-3 and the multispinose lobes of the
telson.
Species. lsipingus epistomata (K.H. Bamard, 1932,
1940, 1955) [743].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, South Africa,
44-124 m, 1 species.
Liljeborgia Bate
Fig.85A
Iduna Boeck, 1861: 656 [homonym, Aves].
Liljeborgia Bate, 1862: 118 (Gammarus pallidus Bate, 1857d,
415
monotypy).-Lincoln, 1979a: 388.
Microplax Liljeborg, 1865a: l1.-Liljeborg, 1865b: 18 [new
name for Iduna] [homonym, Hemiptera].
Lilljeborgiella Schellenberg, 1931: 136 (Lilljeborgiella
longicornis Schellenberg, 1931, monotypy).
Type species. Gammarus brevicornis Bruzelius, 1859,
here selected.
Diagnosis. Accessory flagellum 4+articulate.
Epistome poorly produced. Article 1 of mandibular
palp elongate, molar simple. Coxae 1-4 ordinary.
Gnathopod 2 not smaller than gnathopod 1, propodus
and carpus of gnathopods not setose anteriorly; carpus
of gnathopods 1-2 strongly produced. Outer ramus of
uropod 3 I-articulate. Each lobe of telson with 1 apical
spine.
Description. Article 2 of peduncle on antenna 1
usually very short, longer than half of.article 1. Dactyls
of gnathopods usually deeply toothed or serrate
(sometimes not on malegnathopod 2).
Sexual dimorphism. Usually weak; occasional
males with large propodus. on gnathopod 2, longer
palm, straighter palm, smooth dactyl or rami of uropod 3
slightly broader.
Variables. Rostrum larger than ordinary (L. laniloa);
article 2 of antenna 1 very short (L. pallida); accessory
flagellum only 5-articulate (L. psaltrica), most species
with much larger accessory flagellum, up to 12 articles;
antenna 2 very elongate (L. mojada); mandibular palp
article 2 shorter than article 3 (L. marcinabrio); article 6
of pereopods 3-4 with grasping hooks (L. bousfieldi, L.
heeia); dactyl of pereopod 7 short and claw-shaped
Lilljeborgiella longicornis); outer ramus of uropod 2
slightly shortened (L. eurycrada, L. georgiana, etc.);
uropod 3 extraordinarily elongate, rami foliaceous (L.
eurycrada); peduncle of uropod 3 almost as long as
rami (L. mojada); outer ramus of uropod 3 slightly
shortened (L. japonica).
Relationship. Liljeborgia and lsipingus differ from
ldunella, Sextonia and Listriella in the elongate carpus
of the gnathopods and usually in the deep serrations or
teeth on the dactyls of the gnathopods (occasionally
gnathopod 2 of male lacking serrations).
See lsipingus.
Removal. Liljeborgia epistomata K.H. Bamard, 1932,
to Isipingus.
Species. See I.L. Barnard (1962b, table); K.H.
Bamard (1930); Chevreux & Fage (1925); Griffiths
(1974b,c, 1975); Gurjanova (1951); Ledoyer (1968);
Schellenberg (1925a); Stephensen (1928, 1931a, 1938b,
1940b, 1944a); L~";,aequabilisStebbing, 1888 (?Pirlot, 1936b)
(?Hurley, 1954f) (see Nagata 1965a for discussion)
416
Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1)
[783 + ?645 + ?775]; L. akaroica Hurley, 1954f (= L. maria
Hurley, 1954£) (?Ledoyer, 1973a, 1986) [775 + ?698]; L.
barhami Hurley, 1954f [777]; L. bispinosa (Costa, 1853,
1857) [348]; L. bousfieldi McKinney, 1979 (not
Ledoyer, 1986) [471]; L. caeca Birstein & Vinogradova,
1960 [322A]; L. consanguinea Stebbing, 1888 (Chevreux,
1912d) (Nicholls, 1938) [880 + B]; L. cota J.L. Bamard,
1962b, 1966a, 1967a, 1971b [379B]; L. del/aval/ei
Stebbing, 1906 (= L. mixta Schellenberg, 1925a, Ruffo,
1959) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Gelidiay et al., 1971)
(Krapp..Schickel, 1975a) [352 + B]; L. dubia (Haswell,
1879b, 1885b) (= L. affinis Haswell, 1885b) (= L. haswelli
Stebbing, 1888) (K.H. Bamard, 1930) (Pirlot, 1936b)
[783 + ?775 + ?645]; L. enigmatica Ledoyer, 1986 [698];
L. eurycrada Thurston, 1974a [890]; L. fissicornis (M.
Sars, 1858) (Sars, 1895) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925)
(Gurjanova, 1951) [220 + B]; L. geminata J.L. Bamard,
1969a [370]; L. georgiana Schellenberg, 1931 (Nicholls,
1938) (?Bellan..Santini, 1972a,b) (Holman & Watling,
1983) [870]; L. gloriosae Ledoyer, 1986 [618A]; L.
hansoni Hurley, 1954f [776]; L. heeia J.L. Bamard, 1970a
(Ledoyer, 1972c, 1978b, 1979a, 1986) [600]; L. inermis
Chevreux, 1919..20, 1927 [443 + B]; L. japonica
Nagata, 1965a [395]; L. kerguelensis Bellan~Santini &
Ledoyer, 1974 [851]; L. kinahani (Bate, 1862) (? =varieties
L. capensis, L. falklandica,L. georgensis K.H. Bamard,
1932) (Sars, 1895) (Chevreux&- Fage, 1925) (Lincoln,
1979a) [426];L. laniloa J.L. Bamard, 1970a [381]; L.
longicornis (Schellenberg, 1931) (K.H. Bamard, 1932)
[890); L. macrodon Schellenberg, 1931 (Holman &
Watling, 1983) [864]; L. m(lcronyx Sars, 1895
(Stephensen, 1938b) [238 + B]; L. marcinabrio J.L. Bamard,
1969b [377]; L. mojada J.L. ·Bamard, 1961a (Ledoyer,
1986) [621A]; L. mozambica Ledoyer, 1986 [618A]; L.
octodentata Schellenberg, 1931 CHolm(in & Watling,
1983) [866]; L. pallida (Bate, 1857d) (Sars, 1895) (Nayar,
1967) (Lincoln, 1979a) (= L. brevicornis Bruzelius, 1859
(Sars, 1895) (Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Ledoyer, 1968)
[210] [355 + B]; L. palmata Griffiths, 1974c, 1975 [743];
L. polosi, new name (= L. dubia Kamenskaya, 1979a)
[206A]; L. proxima Chevreux, 1907a, 1908c
(Schellenberg, 1938a) (Ledoyer, 1978b) [600]; L. psaltrica
Krapp..Schickel, '1975a [345]; L. pseudomacronyx
Bellan..Santini & Ledoyer, 1986 [799]; L. quadridentata
Schellenberg, 1931 (Holman & Watling, 1983) [833 + B];
L.quinquedentata Schellenberg, 1931 [831]; L.
serrata Nagata, 1965a [395]; L. serratoides
Tzvetkova, 1968 [391]; L. zarica J.L. Barnard, 1962d
[702A].
Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan, 0..
6156 m, 41 species.
Listriella J.L. Bamard
Ledoyer, 1973a, original designation).
Type species. Listriella goleta J.L. Barnard, 1959a,
original designation.
Diagnosis.. Accessory flagellum usually 2- (rarely 4)
articulate. Epistome poorly produced. Article 1 of
mandibular palp elpngate, molar simple. Coxae 1-4
ordinary. Gnathopods variable, either dominant;
propodus and carpus not setose anteriorly; carpus of
gnathopods 1-2 moderately to poorly produced.
Outer ramus of uropod 3 1- or 2-articulate. Each lobe of
telson with 2 apical spines.
Description. Article 2 of peduncle on antenna 1
variable in length. Inner plate of maxilla 1 usually
with 2 setae. Dactyls of gnathopods not deeply toothed
nor serrate. Gills sac-like; oostegites slender.
Sexual dimorphism. Usually not strong;
occasionally male gnathopod 2 larger or more
sculptured (L. eriopisa, L. excavata, L. clymenella); or
male antenna 2 much enlarged (L. chilkensis); or male
uropod 3 short and stout (L. barnardi), or larger with
much enlarged inner ramus and shorter outer ramus; or
male telson poorly cleft (less than halfway in L.
barnardi male, deeper in female).
Variables. Article 2 of antenna 1 longer than
article 1 (L. chilkensis); antennae 1-2 very short (L.
clymenellae); accessory flagellum 3~articulate (L.
saldanha), 4-articulate (L. sinuosa); peduncle of antenna
2 with large spines (L. pauli); mandibular palp article 1
?short (L. spinifera); gnathopods axially reversed, with
gnathopod 1 larger than 2 and generally also with the
thinner carpus lobe (for example, L. bowenae, L.
curvidactyla, L. demersalis, L. janisae, L. nagatai, L. pauli,
L. serra, L. similis), only slightly larger (L. bahia);
carpus of both gnathopods 1-2 alike, lobes slender ~.
dahli); dactyl of pereopod 7 of medium length (L.
diffusa) , short (L. saldanhq;); outer ramus of uropod 1
shortened (L. saldanha), of uropod 2 (L. carinata, L.
eriopisa, L. saldanha), of uropod 3 (L. albina, L. demersalis,
L. eriopisa, L. orientalis, etc.); outer ramus of uropod 3
l ..articulate (male L. diffusa, L. eriopisa, L~ excavata, L.
clymenel/ae, etc.); telson cleft only one third· (L.
barnardi).
Relationship. Differing from Sextonia in the simple
molar and the non-setose anterior margins of the carpus
and propodus of the gnathopods. From Liljeborgia and
lsipingus in the poorly produc;ed carpus of the
gnathopods (see Fig.87B),in the poorly serrate or
toothed dactyls of the gnathopods. From Idunella in
the elongate article 1 of the mandibular palp.
Figs 85B,D,E
Listriella J.L. Bamard, 1959a: 16.
Ronconoides Ledoyer, 1973a: 59 (Ronconoides brevicornis
Species. See J.L. Bamard (1964b,e 1964b, 1966a,b,
1971b); Batcheller & Mills (1965); Dickinson et al. (1980);
Feeley & Wass (1971, ecology); Ledoyer (1968);
Bamard & Karaman: Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda
McKinney (1979); Stephensen (1931a, 1938b, 1940b,
1944a); Toulrnond & Truchot (1964); Vader (1978); L.
albina I.L. Barnard, 1959a, 1971b [379 + B]; L. bahia
McKinney, 1979 [474]; L. barnardi Wigley, 1966
(Bousfield, 1973) [361 + I]; L. bowenae (Karaman, 1979a)
(Lazo-Wasern, 1985a) [363]; L. brevicornis (Ledoyer,
1973a, 1986) [698]; L. carinata McKinney, 1979 [474]; L.
chilkensis Chilton, 1921a [664E]; L. clymenellae Mills,
1962a, 1964b (Bousfield, 1973) [3641]; L. curvidactyla
(Nagata, 1965a) [395]; L. dahli (Schellenberg, 1938a)
(Ledoyer, 1979a) [595 + ?]; L. demersalis Sivaprakasarn,
1972a [666]; L. dentipalma Dauvin & Gentil, 1983 [242];
L. diffusa I.L. Barnard, 1959a [3701]; L. eriopisa I.L.
Barnard,' 1959a, 1966a [3701 + B]; L. excavata KrappSchickel, 1975a (?Ledoyer, 1986) [348 + ?698]; L. goleta
I.L. Barnard, 1959a, 1971b [3791 + B]; L.janisae Imbach,
1967 [655]; L. lindae Griffiths, 1974a, 1975 [743]; L.
melanica I.L. Barnard, 1959a, L. m. lazaris I.L. Barnard,
1969b [3691]; L. mol/is Myers & McGrath, 1983 [239]; L.
nagatai Karaman, 1979a [395]; L. nana Krapp-Schickel,
1975a [348]; L. orientalis Hirayama, 1985c [391]; L. pauli
Imbach, 1967 [655]; L. picta (Norman, 1889a) (Chevreux
& Fage, 1925) (Reid, 1951) (Lincoln, 1979a) (Myers &
McGrath, 1983) [330]; L. quintana McKinney, 1979 [471];
L. saldanha Griffiths, 1975 [743]; L. serra Imbach, 1967
[655]; L. similis Rabindranath, 1971a [666E]; L. sinuosa
Griffiths, 1974c [743]; L. sketi (Karaman, 1980d) [367Z]; L.
smithi (Lazo-Wasem, 1985a) [363]; ?L. spinifera
D~uv~n & Gentil, 198J [242]; species (plural),
(DIckinson et al. 1980) (Feeley & Wass, 1971) [various
localities].
.Habitat and distribution. Marine, cosmopolitan
but largely circumtropical, mostly commensal with
maldanid polychaetes in their mud tubes on soft
benthos, 0-721 rn, 33 species.
417
Sextonia Chevreux
Sextonia Chevreux, 1920: 76.-Karaman, 1980d: 431.
Type species. Sextonia longirostris Chevreux, 1920,
monotypy.
Diagnosis. Accessory flagellum 4+articulate.
Epistome poorly produced. Article 1 of mandibular palp
elongate, molar triturative. Coxae 1-4 ordinary.
Gnathopod 2 smaller than gnathopod 1, propodus .and
carpus setose anteriorly; carpus of male gnathopods 12 moderately to poorly produced.· Outer ramus of
ur?pod 3 2-articulate. Each lobe of telson with . apical
spInes.
Description. Article 2 of peduncle on antenna 1
longer than half of article 1. Dactyls of gl1athopods
not deeply toothed nor serrate.
Sexual dimorphism. Male antenna 2, including
peduncle, elongate; male gnathopod 1 much larger than
in female; male uropod.3 much larger, with enlarged
blunt inner ramus, outer ramus by contrast small.
Relationship. Differing from other liljebprgiids in
the triturative molar, a presumably plesiomorphic
condition, plus the unusual anterior setosity of . the
carpus and propodus on gnathopod 2.
Species. Sextonia longirostris Chevreux, 1920
(Chevreux & Fage, 1925) (Toulmond & Truchot, 1964)
(Karaman, 1980d) [240].
Habitat and .distribution.
France, intertidal, rare, 1 species.
Ma~ine,
Brittany,
Full-text PDF of each one of the works in this volume are available at the following links :
Barnard and Karaman, 1991, Rec. Aust. Mus., Suppl. 13(1): 1–417
http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.13.1991.91
Barnard and Karaman, 1991, Rec. Aust. Mus., Suppl. 13(2): 419–866
http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.13.1991.367