A checklist of the vascular plants of the lowland savannas of Belize,  Central America

Dimitrios  Michelakis

Lowland savannas, covering an area of 2,342 km2 , form the third largest ecosystem in Belize yet are unevenly and therefore poorly represented in the country’s protected area system. Based on more than 5,700 herbarium collections, a checklist of 957 species of vascular plants is presented for this ecosystem representing ca. 28% of the Belizean flora, of which 54 species are new records for the country. Of the 41 species of plants known to be endemic to Belize, 18 have been recorded within the lowland savanna, and nine species are listed in The World Conservation Union (IUCN) 2010 Red List of Threatened Species. Of the total savanna ecosystem flora, 339 species are characteristic of the open savanna, whilst 309 and 114 species are more frequent in forest and wetland areas respectively. Most species (505, 53% of the lowland savanna flora) are herbaceous. Although the lowland savanna has been relatively well collected, there are geographical biases in botanical sampling which have focused historically on the savannas in the centre and the north of the country. A brief review of the collecting history of the lowland savanna is provided, and recommendations are given on how future collecting efforts may best be focused. The lowland savanna is shown to be a significant regional centre of plant diversity.

Phytotaxa 101 (1): 1–119 (2013) www.mapress.com/ phytotaxa / Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) Monograph PHYTOTAXA ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.101.1.1 PHYTOTAXA 101 A checklist of the vascular plants of the lowland savannas of Belize, Central America ZOË A. GOODWIN1, GERMAN N. LOPEZ2, NEIL STUART3, SAMUEL G.M. BRIDGEWATER1, ELSPETH M. HASTON1, IAIN D. CAMERON3, DIMITRIS MICHELAKIS3, JAMES A. RATTER1, PETER A. FURLEY3, ELMA KAY2, CAROLINE WHITEFOORD4, JAMES SOLOMON5, ADAM J. LLOYD6 & DAVID J. HARRIS1,7 1 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK; d.harris@rbge.org.uk 2 Environmental Research Institute, University of Belize, Belmopan, Belize; ekay@ub.edu.bz 3 Institute of Geography, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, Scotland; UK; N.Stuart@ed.ac.uk 4 Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK; c.whitefoord@nhm.ac.uk 5 Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, U.S.A.; jim.solomon@mobot.org 6 Spatial Data Solutions, 139 Front Street, Punta Gorda, Belize; adam@sds-belize.com 7 Author for correspondence Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by Alexandre Monro: 17 Apr. 2013; published: 27 May 2013 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 Zoë A. Goodwin et al. A checklist of the vascular plants of the lowland savannas of Belize, Central America (Phytotaxa 101) 119 pp.; 30 cm. 27 May 2013 ISBN 978-1-77557-182-7 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-183-4 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2013 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: magnolia@mapress.com http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3155 (Print edition) ISSN 1179-3163 (Online edition) 2 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Table of contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Results ............................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Discussion ......................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Checklist ............................................................................................................................................................................ 18 References ....................................................................................................................................................................... 116 Abstract Lowland savannas, covering an area of 2,342 km2, form the third largest ecosystem in Belize yet are unevenly and therefore poorly represented in the country’s protected area system. Based on more than 5,700 herbarium collections, a checklist of 957 species of vascular plants is presented for this ecosystem representing ca. 28% of the Belizean flora, of which 54 species are new records for the country. Of the 41 species of plants known to be endemic to Belize, 18 have been recorded within the lowland savanna, and nine species are listed in The World Conservation Union (IUCN) 2010 Red List of Threatened Species. Of the total savanna ecosystem flora, 339 species are characteristic of the open savanna, whilst 309 and 114 species are more frequent in forest and wetland areas respectively. Most species (505, 53% of the lowland savanna flora) are herbaceous. Although the lowland savanna has been relatively well collected, there are geographical biases in botanical sampling which have focused historically on the savannas in the centre and the north of the country. A brief review of the collecting history of the lowland savanna is provided, and recommendations are given on how future collecting efforts may best be focused. The lowland savanna is shown to be a significant regional centre of plant diversity. Key words: wetland, flora, conservation, endemics Introduction Savannas cover over two million km2 of the Neotropics (Mistry 2000), making savanna the most ecologically dominant formation of tropical America after tropical forest. However, they suffer from great anthropogenic pressure, particularly from agricultural development (Alho & de Souza Martins 1995). Within Central America and the Caribbean, extensive areas of savanna occur in Belize, Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, southwest Panama and central and eastern Cuba (Huber 1987). Savannas are extensive areas of tropical vegetation usually with a ground layer of grasses and xeric herbs and a varying cover of trees. They cover great areas in the tropics that have a strong dry season and are generally subject to seasonal fires to which their native flora has resistant adaptations (e.g. thick corky bark, subterranean lignotubers). One form, the “savanna woodlands” of South America and Africa support characteristic tree floras. Their rainfall is typically between that of wet forest and desert or semi-desert biomes. Belize is 22,965 km² in land area. It is located in the southern part of the Yucatán Peninsula and bordered to the north by the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, to the south and west the Guatemalan department of Petén and to the east, by the Caribbean Sea. Belize’s climate is subtropical, 23°C (monthly mean in December) to 31°C (monthly mean in June), experiencing a marked dry season between February and May, and a hurricane season between June and November. There is a significant precipitation gradient between the north (ca. 1,200 mm/year) and the south (ca. 4,300 mm/year) with maximum rainfall occurring around Doyle’s Delight in Toledo District. Belize is part of the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot (Conservation International 2004) which occupies less than 0.5% of the terrestrial planet which is thought to contain 17% of all terrestrial species. Savannas comprise 2,824 km2 or 12.3% of the land area of Belize and are found across the length of the country at altitudes from sea level to more than 1,000 m (Mountain Pine Ridge). They are the second largest VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 3 natural biome after lowland broadleaved forests (Meerman & Sabido 2001a). Despite its extent the savanna ecosystem is poorly represented in Belize’s extensive protected areas system (Meerman 2005). The lowland savannas (<500 m in altitude) studied here occupy 2,342 km2 or 10.2% of the land area of Belize (Meerman & Sabido 2001a). Whilst approximately 26% of the lowland savanna are within protected areas, Cameron et al. (2010) have estimated from archive satellite imagery that around 200 km2 or some 12% of former lowland savanna areas have been converted to other land uses since 1980, comparable to the rates of deforestation in Belize (Cherrington et al. 2010). The influence of geology and soils on savanna distribution in Belize is not fully understood but the substrates on which savanna occur are acid and infertile. In the north of the country, however, savanna appears to be confined to coarse-textured palaeo-alluvial deposits eroded from the Maya Mountain Massif and from ancient littoral deposits (Romney 1960), interspersed with calcareous outcrops (where forest is predominant). Savanna to the south of the Belize River Valley occurs over sands and gravels derived from the many streams issuing from the Maya Mountains. We define lowland savanna as any natural or semi-natural, fire-influenced ecosystem under 500 m in altitude with a continuous herbaceous layer dominated by native grasses and sedges. Trees and shrubs may occur to a lesser or greater extent. Where present, Pinus caribaea Morelet (1851: 107) (pine), Acoelorraphe wrightii (Wendland in Grisebach, 1866: 220) Wendland in Beccari (1907: 109) ex Beccari (1907: 113) (palmetto), Byrsonima crassifolia (Linnaeus 1753: 426) Kunth (1821: 149) (craboo), Curatella americana Linnaeus (1759: 1079) (yaha or sandpaper tree), Melastomataceae spp. and Quercus oleoides Schlechtendal & Chamisso (1830: 79) (live oak) are usually amongst the most structurally conspicuous non-herbaceous elements. Lowland savannas that experience annual sequences of flooding and drought related to the wet and dry seasons (i.e. hyperseasonal sensu Sarmiento, 1983) are included. Excluded from our definition are the upland pine savannas of the Maya Mountains, notably the Mountain Pine Ridge which are composed primarily of Tropical evergreen seasonal needle-leaf lowland hill forest, Tropical evergreen seasonal mixed needle and broadleaf submontane forest and Tropical evergreen seasonal needle-leaf submontane forest (Meerman & Sabido 2001b) and are predominantly above 500 m in altitude. The Mountain Pine Ridge is a floristically unique and highly managed, submontane savanna which is recognised as separate by the current UNESCO Central American Ecosystems Map (Meerman & Sabido 2001b). Also excluded are two vegetation types that superficially resemble lowland savanna: tiger bush (Dicranopteris spp.) thickets (Fire-induced lowland fern thicket and Fire-induced submontane fern thicket (Meerman & Sabido 2001b)) and salineinfluenced coastal savannas (Marine salt marsh with many succulent species (Meerman & Sabido 2001b)). Small patches or islands of broadleaf forest located within lowland savanna are excluded from this checklist as there is huge variation in the floristic composition of these forest ‘islands’ across Belize. Their inclusion would result in a checklist of a significant proportion of the entire broadleaf forest flora of Belize. Previous classifications of ecosystems in Belize have been discussed by Bridgewater et al. (2002). The vegetation system currently adopted in Belize is the UNESCO Central American Ecosystems Map (Meerman & Sabido 2001b). This system draws heavily upon previous work by Wright (1959) and Iremonger & Brokaw (1995). The above definition of lowland savanna encompasses UNESCO vegetation classes, Tropical evergreen seasonal needle-leaf lowland dense forest, Short-grass savanna with needle-leaved trees and Short grass savanna with shrubs. Different authors have treated the vegetation which we refer to as lowland savanna within their own classification systems that are adapted to a finer scale or specific sites within this ecosystem (Bridgewater et al. 2002, Laughlin 2002). For example Beard (1953) described the savannas of Central America as homogenous with four identifiable ‘phases’; Open savanna, Orchard savanna, Palm savanna and Pine savanna, and two fringe types Sedge savanna and High grass savanna. Bartlett (1935) recognised two variants within Beard’s orchard: Nanzal, dominated by Bysonima crassifolia; and Encinal, consisting of isolated well-defined islands of oak woodland with sparse ground cover and frequent patches of exposed white sand. Bridgewater et al. (2002) discussed the structure of the savannas and wetlands observed in the Rio 4 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Bravo Conservation and Management Area. They identified six distinct vegetation types within the savanna landscape and five vegetation types within the associated wetland ecosystem. Savanna classes included Grassland & scrub grassland, Pine palmetto savanna, Palmetto thicket, Savanna orchard, Woodland and pine ridge and Oak thicket. The wetland was observed to consist of Fringing riverine red mangrove, Cutting grass marsh, Marl flat, Sedge marshland and Eleocharis calabash marsh. Laughlin (2002) recognised three types of savanna formation at Monkey Bay Wildlife Sanctuary; Dry savanna, Mesic savanna and Oak hammocks. Hicks et al. (2011) found three types of formation at upland San Pastor savanna; Pine-dominated savanna, Fringing oak woodland and Savanna swamp. Early work on the floristic composition of the Belizean savannas, such as Johnson et al. (1973) and Johnson & Chaffey (1974) traditionally focused on pine timber and its extraction. For many years only brief discussions of the vegetation and characteristic species were available for the savannas of Mountain Pine Ridge (Hunt 1970; Johnson et al. 1973) and the southern coastal plain (Hunt 1970, Johnson & Chaffey 1974). Detailed species lists were provided by Furley & Ratter (1989) with their brief surveys of Spanish Lookout, Belize Zoo, Gracey Rock and Mountain Pine Ridge, resulting in a list of 58 species across the four sites. More recently detailed floristic surveys of savanna vegetation type in Belize have been published for Monkey Bay Wildlife Sanctuary (Laughlin 2002), coastal savanna at Sapodilla Lagoon (Farruggia et al. 2008), the disjunct savanna woodland at San Pastor in the Chiquibul (Hicks et al. 2011) and the savanna and wetlands of the Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area (Bridgewater et al. 2002). The influence of fire on savanna ecosystems is the best studied aspect of savanna ecology in Belize (Kellman 1984, Kellman et al. 1985, Miyanishi & Kellman 1986). It is well acknowledged that studies on ecological determinants of savannas additional to fire are needed (Furley 2004). However, the prerequisite for such studies is baseline data and a comprehensive list of vascular plant species. Belize has a preliminary checklist of vascular plant species (Balick et al. 2000) which provides great detail on the habit, local uses and vernacular names of 3,408 species but does not indicate which vegetation type a species is associated with. Local checklists such those by Bridgewater et al. (2002, 2006) and Hicks et al. (2011) give some indication of vegetation type and species distribution. These latter papers have highlighted the need for a nationwide checklist for the lowland savannna flora which would underpin the creation of identification keys, photographic guides and potentially highlight plant species of special worth and areas for conservation. The aim of this paper is to provide the first comprehensive checklist of savanna species, their distributions within the country and ecosystem affinities. Methods A checklist of lowland savanna species and their distributions was assembled from a total of 5,147 specimen records collated using a combination of two main data sources. Firstly, collection records for Belize were collated from the herbaria of BM, BRH and E. Secondly, a series of additional vegetation surveys was conducted in lowland savannas across Belize producing a total of 645 specimen collections in an effort to achieve a more representative sample. Collection records were collated during 2010 and 2011. Additional specimen information for rare species was acquired from the online resources of five institutions F, GH, K, MICH, NY and US. After assembling the specimen data for Belize each record was examined and classified as being from savanna or not on the basis of vegetation description and location. The field surveys were made at 78 sites from September 2009 to December 2010 to expand upon the geographical coverage of existing records from collection records. Sites were chosen to include representative examples of the distinct savanna formations mapped by Cameron et al. (2010) using recent satellite imagery. Effort was made to acquire a relatively even spread of sites across the country (Figure 1, Table 1) and particularly to cover areas where there had been few or no previous collections. At each site known species, recognised with certainty by the first author (ZAG) or those well represented in herbaria were cited as VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 5 FIGURE 1. Map of collection localities in the Belizean lowland savanna surveyed for this study (orange, 1–23) and prior to the start of this study (red, 24–57) with more than 25 specimen records. Collection localities labelled in Table 1. 6 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. observed. Unknown and all poorly known or rare species were collected, and duplicates deposited at E, BRH and if extra duplicates were available, also at BM, MEXU, MO and K. Specimens were identified using available taxonomic revisions, monographs and Floras and by comparison with herbarium collections at BM, BRH and E. To allow independent verification of species identifications only names supported by herbarium specimens have been included in this checklist. This checklist is designed for use by anybody interested in the lowland savannas of Belize but will be especially useful to professionals and students who have some botanical knowledge. The checklist was checked and synonymy updated using the International Plant Names Index, Tropicos, The Plant List and available monographs and Floras. Where sources conflicted priority was given to recent monograph or Flora accounts. The data-mining of electronic herbarium catalogues generated too many specimen records for us to check and confirm comprehensively (principally those at E and MO). Although not all determinations were confirmed, any records whose identity seemed improbable were checked carefully before their inclusion in the checklist. The majority of records were of species for which the taxonomy is well known. Only binomials at rank of species are included as identification of specimens to subspecific ranks appears to have been inconsistent. However subspecific taxa that have been recorded in the lowland savanna are included in notes under the species entry. Names from recent published surveys (Laughlin 2002, Farruggia et al. 2008) were examined and considered for inclusion, however, as they do not cite voucher specimen information these names are excluded from the main checklist. Species habit was determined from specimen label information from specimens collected in Belize following Bridgewater et al. (2002, 2006). Most are standard terms commonly used in botany and defined following Hickey & King (2000). ‘Shrublet’ is used following Bridgewater et al. (2000) for species which initially appear herbaceous but which upon closer inspection have a woody or underground stem, or lignotuber. The vegetation type presented for each species is that of the majority of specimens collected in Belize. All species in this checklist by definition have been recorded from lowland savanna but some species are much more often found in other habitats. For example, Renealmia aromatica (Aublet 1775: 3) Grisebach (1857: 275) is included in the checklist because this species was collected in lowland savanna near Hill Bank in 2010, however this species is primarily found in broadleaf forest. TABLE 1. Locality names and collection totals for collection localities in the Belizean lowland savanna with more than 25 specimen records mapped in Figure 1. 1 Uacax Kai, and Chacan Chac Mol 43 2 Carmelita 129 3 Maskall 26 4 Northern Highway Mile 40 45 5 Blackburn & Indian Hill Work, and Lenan White 166 6 San Felipe 63 7 San Felipe 142 8 Burrell Boom 113 9 Western Highway Mile 24, and Western Highway Mile 29 97 10 More Tomorrow 107 11 Spanish Lookout 78 12 Savannah Bank 157 13 Bocotora Pine Ridge, Manatee Forest Reserve, and Tiger Sandy Bay 116 14 Matamore Pine Ridge, and Gales Point 56 15 Silk Grass 79 16 All Pines, and Hughes Estate 403 ...... continued on the next page VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 7 TABLE 1 (Continued) 17 Blair Atholl, Flour Camp Creek, Georgetown, and Jenkins Creek 429 18 Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve 125 19 Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve 70 20 Deep River Forest Reserve South 95 21 Paynes Creek National Park 117 22 Deep River Forest Reserve North 117 23 Deep River Forest Reserve North 331 24 Little Belize 55 25 Carmelita 33 26 August Pine Ridge 54 27 Northern Highway Mile 41 26 28 Maskall 80 29 Crooked Tree 70 30 Indian Church 40 31 Booth River Savanna 41 32 Baker's Pine Ridge 27 33 Northern Highway Mile 19 39 34 East Gate, Hill Bank, New River Lagoon, Rio Bravo, and Tiger Creek 608 35 Northern Highway Mile 12, Sand Hill, and Ridge Lagoon Plantation 259 36 Boom Town, and Burrell Boom 56 37 Rancho 34 38 Willows Bank 29 39 International Airport 42 40 Western Highway Mile 13 71 41 Western Highway Mile 9 26 42 Hattieville 291 43 Ferguson Bank 54 44 Western Highway Mile 24 34 45 Belize Zoo, Churchyard, Colonel English Creek, Colonel English Pine Ridge, Monkey Bay, Parrots Wood, The Place, Tropical Education Center, Western Highway Mile 28–31 752 46 Mullins River, and Melinda Forest Station 49 47 Silk Grass 32 48 Commerce Bight, and Hopkins 52 49 Eve's Pine Ridge 30 50 All Pines 228 51 Sapodilla Lagoon 63 52 Cowpen 33 53 Big Creek, Jenkins Creek, Independence, and Mango Creek 118 54 Chun Bank, and BFREE Reserve, Access Road 130 55 Swasey Branch 82 56 Monkey River 70 57 Condemned Branch Pine Ridge 31 8 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. TABLE 2. New species records for Belize not recorded in Balick et al. (2000). Family Species Apocynaceae Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schltr. Apocynaceae Matelea fulvida (F. Ballard) W.D. Stevens Apocynaceae Metastelma thalamosiphon W.D. Stevens Araceae Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl. Asteraceae Baltimora recta L. Asteraceae Lepidaploa argyropappa (H. Buek) H. Rob. Asteraceae Pluchea baccharis (Mill.) Pruski Asteraceae Pluchea foetida (L.) DC. Asteraceae Wedelia hispida Kunth Bromeliaceae Tillandsia dasyliriifolia Baker Cleomaceae Cleome guianensis Aubl. Cleomaceae Cleome stenophylla Klotzsch ex Urb. Combretaceae Terminalia macrostachya (Standl.) Stace Combretaceae Terminalia molinetii M. Gómez Combretaceae Evolvulus frankenioides Moric. Combretaceae Ipomoea anisomeres B.L. Rob. & Bartlett Cyperaceae Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke Cyperaceae Bulbostylis hispidula (Vahl) R.W. Haines Cyperaceae Cyperus lundellii O'Neill Cyperaceae Rhynchospora velutina (Kunth) Boeck. Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum confusum Britton Euphorbiaceae Croton arboreus Millsp. Fabaceae Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. Fabaceae Desmanthus pubescens B.L. Turner Fabaceae Lonchocarpus heptaphyllus (Poir.) DC. Fabaceae Machaerium biovulatum Micheli Fabaceae Mimosa hirsutissima Mart. Fabaceae Pithecellobium oblongum Benth. Fabaceae Rhynchosia americana (Mill.) Metz Krameriaceae Krameria ixine Loefl. Lamiaceae Marsypianthes arenosa Brandegee Malpighiaceae Malpighia spathulifolia F.K. Mey. Phytolaccaceae Trichostigma octandrum (L.) H. Walter Piperaceae Peperomia angustata Kunth Piperaceae Piper stevensii Trel. Plantaginaceae Russelia parvifolia Carlson Poaceae Aristida gibbosa (Nees) Kunth Poaceae Eragrostis bahiensis Schrad. ex Schult. Poaceae Panicum stenodes Griseb. Poaceae Paspalum pictum Ekman Poaceae Paspalum setaceum Michx. ...... continued on the next page VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 9 TABLE 2 (Continued) Family Species Poaceae Urochloa fusca (Sw.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin Polygalaceae Polygala tenella Willd. Polygonaceae Coccoloba humboldtii Meisn. Rubiaceae Malanea erecta Seem. Rubiaceae Palicourea thyrsiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. Rubiaceae Psychotria gracilenta Müll. Arg. Rubiaceae Randia monantha Benth. Rubiaceae Ronabea latifolia Aubl. Rubiaceae Spermacoce remota Lam. Rutaceae Amyris balsamifera L. Santalaceae Phoradendron trinervium (Lam.) Griseb. Selaginellaceae Selaginella schiedeana A. Braun Urticaceae Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. TABLE 3. Species records for Belize mentioned but not accepted by Balick et al. (2000), but maintained in this checklist. For full explanations see notes for each species in checklist. Family Species Asteraceae Acmella oppositifolia (Lam.) R.K. Jansen Asteraceae Aster subulatus (Michx.) hort. ex Michx. Asteraceae Calea zacatechichi Schltdl. Combretaceae Evolvulus filipes Mart. Cyperaceae Scleria verticillata Muhl. ex Willd. Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum areolatum L. Euphorbiaceae Croton glabellus L. Fabaceae Ateleia pterocarpa D. Dietr. Fabaceae Cojoba recordii Britton & Rose Fabaceae Entada rheedii Spreng. Fabaceae Mimosa pigra L. Fabaceae Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Fabaceae Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. Iridaceae Cipura paludosa Aubl. Lamiaceae Hyptis lanceolata Poir. Lauraceae Nectandra sanguinea Rol. ex Rottb. Lentibulariaceae Utricularia fimbriata Kunth Melastomataceae Miconia hyperprasina Naudin Poaceae Chloris barbata Sw. Poaceae Panicum virgatum L. Poaceae Trachypogon plumosus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Nees Rubiaceae Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. Sapindaceae Serjania goniocarpa Radlk. Turneraceae Turnera odorata Rich. Verbenaceae Lantana urticifolia Mill. Zamiaceae Zamia furfuracea L. f. ex Aiton Zamiaceae Zamia loddigesii Miq. 10 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. TABLE 4. Additional names to be considered for the lowland savanna flora, extracted from literature (Farruggia et al. 2008, Laughlin 2002) but not included in this checklist due to the absence of cited specimens. Family Species, reference and notes Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea lancea (L.) Bedd. Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; (Farruggia et al. 2008) Note: Forest herb collected elsewhere in Belize. Asteraceae Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex DC. Ref: Monkey Bay; (Laughlin 2002) Note: Herb of disturbed areas collected in other vegetation types in Belize, but easily mistaken for Emilia fosbergii Nicolson which is frequently collected in the savanna. Asteraceae Koanophyllon albicaule (Sch. Bip. ex Klatt) R.M. King & H. Rob. Ref: Monkey Bay; (Laughlin 2002) Note: Common shrub/tree in forest edges throughout Belize. Convolvulaceae Cuscuta indecora Choisy Ref: Monkey Bay; (Laughlin 2002) Note: Parasitic twiner recorded previously in Belize (Balick et al. 2000) however this record is likely to be a misidentification of Cassytha filiformis L. Cyperaceae Rhynchospora elliottii A. Dietr. Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; (Farruggia et al. 2008) Note: Herb of pine woodlands, however only recorded in the United States (TROPICOS 2010). Euphorbiaceae Acalypha arvensis Poepp. Ref: Monkey Bay; (Laughlin 2002) Note: Shrublet (or shrub) of disturbed areas common throughout Belize. Lamiaceae Hyptis atrorubens Poit. Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; (Farruggia et al. 2008) Note: Herb of disturbed ground collected in other vegetation types in Belize. Lamiaceae Hyptis brevipes Poit. Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; (Farruggia et al. 2008) Note: Forest herb collected rarely in other vegetation types in Belize. Loranthaceae Oryctanthus spicatus (Jacq.) Eichler Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; (Farruggia et al. 2008) Note: Epiphyte not collected in other vegetation types in Belize. Malvaceae Sida acuta Burm. f. Ref: Monkey Bay; (Laughlin 2002) Note: Common herb in disturbed areas around Belize. Myrsinaceae Myrsine cubana A. DC. Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; (Farruggia et al. 2008) Note: Shrub of the high elevations collected occasionally in Belize. Orchidaceae Catasetum integerrimum Hook. Ref: Monkey Bay; (Laughlin 2002) Note: Epiphytic orchid collected in other vegetation types in Belize. Orchidaceae Cyrtopodium punctatum (L.) Lindl. Ref: Monkey Bay; (Laughlin 2002) Note: Epiphytic orchid collected in other vegetation types in Belize. Poaceae Andropogon gerardii Vitman Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; (Farruggia et al. 2008) Note: Herb collected in the Mountain Pine Ridge ..... continued on the next page VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 11 TABLE 4 (Continued) Family Species, reference and notes Poaceae Andropogon virginicus L. Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; (Farruggia et al. 2008) Note: Herb collected in other vegetation types in Belize. Poaceae Digitaria horizontalis Willd. Ref: Monkey Bay; (Laughlin 2002) Note: Herb of disturbed areas collected in other vegetation types in Belize. Poaceae Mesosetum blakei Swallen Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; (Farruggia et al. 2008) Note: Herb collected rarely in other vegetation types in Belize. Poaceae Panicum caricoides Nees ex Trin. Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; (Farruggia et al. 2008) Note: Herb collected rarely in other vegetation types in Belize. Poaceae Panicum hirsutum Sw. Ref: Monkey Bay; (Laughlin 2002) Note: Herb of wet and disturbed areas collected in other vegetation types in Belize. Poaceae Panicum tuerkheimii Hack. Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; (Farruggia et al. 2008) Note: Forest herb collected rarely in other vegetation types in Belize. Poaceae Paspalum virgatum L. Ref: Monkey Bay; (Laughlin 2002) Note: Herb of disturbed areas collected in other vegetation types in Belize. Poaceae Trachypogon spicatus (L. f.) Kuntze Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; (Farruggia et al. 2008) Note: Herb collected in other vegetation types in Belize. Rubiaceae Psychotria hoffmannseggiana (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Müll. Arg. Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; (Farruggia et al. 2008) Note: Forest shrub collected in other vegetation types in Belize. Rubiaceae Psychotria nervosa Sw. Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; (Farruggia et al. 2008) Note: Forest shrub collected in other vegetation types in Belize. Santalaceae Arceuthobium hawksworthii Wiens & C.G. Shaw Ref: Monkey Bay; (Laughlin 2002) Note: Parasite on Pinus caribaea collected in the Mountain Pine Ridge but only at elevations between 700-900 m (Hawksworth & Wiens 1996: 220). Sapindaceae Matayba apetala Radlk. Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; Farruggia et al. (2008) Note: Forest tree collected in other vegetation types in Belize. Symplocaceae Symplocos martinicensis Jacq. Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; Farruggia et al. (2008) Note: Forest tree collected in other vegetation types in Belize. Turneraceae Turnera pumilea L. Ref: Sapodilla Lagoon; Farruggia et al., 2008 Note: Herb reported in Belize by Standley & Williams (1961). 12 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. TABLE 5. Endemic species found in the lowland savanna of Belize, species marked with an asterisk are restricted to the lowland savanna vegetation type. Family Species Apocynaceae Metastelma stenomeres (Standl. & Steyerm.) W.D. Stevens Arecaceae Schippia concolor Burret Asteraceae Ageratum radicans B.L. Rob. Celastraceae Crossopetalum gentlei (Lundell) Lundell Celastraceae Zinowiewia pallida Lundell Eriocaulaceae Paepalanthus belizensis Moldenke* Eriocaulaceae Paepalanthus gentlei Moldenke Eriocaulaceae Syngonanthus bartlettii Moldenke Eriocaulaceae Syngonanthus hondurensis Moldenke* Eriocaulaceae Syngonanthus lundellianus Moldenke Eriocaulaceae Syngonanthus oneillii Moldenke* Euphorbiaceae Dalechampia schippii Standl. Hypericaceae Hypericum aphyllum Lundell* Myrtaceae Calyptranthes cuneifolia Lundell Passifloraceae Passiflora urbaniana Killip Poaceae Axonopus ciliatifolius Swallen Poaceae Paspalum peckii F.T. Hubb.* Zamiaceae Zamia prasina W. Bull* TABLE 6. Species occurring in the lowland savanna of Belize and listed in The World Conservation Union (IUCN 2010) Red Data List of Threatened Species. CR = critically endangered; EN = endangered; NT = lower risk/near threatened; VU = vulnerable; LC = least concern. Family Species IUCN Apocynaceae Aspidosperma megalocarpon Müll. Arg. NT Arecaceae Schippia concolor Burret VU Combretaceae Conocarpus erectus L. LC Cyperaceae Bulbostylis hispidula (Vahl) R.W. Haines LC Fagaceae Quercus purulhana Trel. VU Lamiaceae Vitex gaumeri Greenm. EN Pinaceae Pinus caribaea Morelet LC Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora mangle L. LC Zamiaceae Zamia prasina W. Bull CR Results The 957 species listed here represent 131 families and 467 genera, of which 930 (97%) are angiosperms. This represents approximately 28% of Belize’s flora as recognised by Balick et al. (2000). Fifty-four entries represent new species records for Belize (Table 2). These include one new family, Krameriaceae, and six new genera: Alysicarpus (Fabaceae), Baltimora (Asteraceae), Funastrum (Apocynaceae), Krameria (Krameriaceae), Ronabea (Rubiaceae) and Trichostigma (Phytolaccaceae). Twenty-seven species mentioned but not accepted by Balick et al. (2000) are maintained here (Table 3). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 13 Eighteen of the 41 species endemic to Belize (Balick et al, 2000) are here reported from lowland savanna (Table 5) and six of these species are known only from lowland savanna (Table 5). Twelve species endemic to Belize are found in both lowland savanna and the submontane savanna of the Mountain Pine Ridge. Three species endemic to Belize are found in both savanna and broadleaf forest: Calyptranthes cuneifolia (Lundell 1943), Crossopetalum gentlei (Lundell 1961) and Schippia concolor (Burret 1933). In addition, nine species in the checklist are included in the current IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2010) (Table 6). The most species-rich families for lowland savanna are Fabaceae (108 species), Cyperaceae (sedges, 100 species) and Poaceae (grasses, 96 species) (Table 7). The most species-rich genus is Rhynchospora (38 species, Cyperaceae), Scleria (15 species, Cyperaceae), Utricularia (15 species, Lentibulariaceae), Paspalum (14 species, Poaceae), Miconia (13 species, Melastomataceae), Eleocharis (12 species, Cyperaceae), Panicum (12 species, Poaceae), Eragrostis (10 species, Poaceae) and Eugenia (10 species, Myrtaceae). TABLE 7. The number of genera and species in the largest families in the lowland savanna and the number of species in the largest genera. Family Genera Species Genus Species Fabaceae 47 108 Rhynchospora 38 Cyperaceae 15 100 Scleria 15 Poaceae 40 96 Utricularia 15 Rubiaceae 20 50 Paspalum 14 Asteraceae 27 45 Miconia 13 Melastomataceae 13 35 Eleocharis 12 Malvaceae 15 26 Panicum 12 Apocynaceae 18 22 Eragrostis 10 Euphorbiaceae 10 21 Eugenia 10 Convolvulaceae 7 20 Cyperus 9 Myrtaceae 7 20 Ipomoea 9 Mimosa 9 Psychotria 9 TABLE 8. The habits of species found in the lowland savanna. Habit Number (%) Herb 442 (46.2) Shrub 169 (17.7) Tree 124 (13.0) Climber 92 (9.6) Shrublet 63 (6.6) Epiphyte 33 (3.4) Climber/Shrub 14 (1.5) Epiphyte/Hemiparasite 12 (1.3) Palm 4 (0.4) Tree/Shrub 2 (0.2) Climber/Parasite 1 (0.1) Epiphyte/Herb 1 (0.1) 14 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. TABLE 9. Summary of lowland savanna species by vegetation type. All the species have been recorded in the lowland savanna at least once. These vegetation type categories are where most of the specimens have been recorded for each species. Although these vegetation types have not been surveyed for this checklist, some of the species in the lowland savanna are more commonly recorded from, for example, forest in Belize. Since they have been collected in savanna the are recorded in the checklist, but listed under “forest” in this table. Habit Number (%) Savanna 339 (35.4%) Forest 309 (32.3%) Disturbance 120 (12.5%) Wetland 114 (11.9%) Coast 25 (2.6%) Savanna/Forest 23 (2.4%) Savanna/Wetland 14 (1.5%) Cultivated 7 (0.7%) Wetland/Coast 3 (0.3%) Savanna/Disturbance 1 (0.1%) Forest/Disturbance 1 (0.1%) Wetland/Disturbance 1 (0.1%) TABLE 10. The ten most prolific collectors in the lowland savanna of Belize, main years of activity in the lowland savanna and approximate numbers of collections. Collector Years of Activity Number Gentle, Percival H. 1931–1959 700–800 Davidse, Gerrit 1987, 1997 500–600 Whitefoord, Caroline 1979–2005 300–400 Dwyer, John D. 1967–1980 300–400 Schipp, William A. 1929–1935 200–300 Ibáñez García, Alicia 1996 200–300 Croat, Thomas B. 1973 100–200 Bridgewater, Samuel G.M. 1996, 2000, 2002 100–200 Worthington, Richard D. 1992–1995 50–100 Proctor, George R. 1968–1969, 1976 50–100 TABLE 11. The number of collections made in the lowland savanna of each district in Belize prior to this study (and the current total including collections made during this study) and area of lowland savanna in each district (hectares). District Collections (Total) Area (ha) Belize 2167 (2907) 86590 Cayo 41 (383) 2491 Corozal 55 (126) minimal, precise data not available Orange Walk 847 (1444) 39958 Stann Creek 674 (1776) 41375 Toledo 538 (1219) 35066 VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 15 Forty-six percent (442) of the species included in the Checklist are herbs, 37% (362) woody species (trees, shrubs, shrublets and palms) and 5% (47) are parasitic or hemi-parasitic climbers and epiphytes (Table 8). Thirty-five percent (339) of the species in the checklist (35%) have the majority of their records from the lowland savanna and 12% (114) in wetland areas. Thirty-two percent (309) of the species occur in lowland savanna but have the majority of their records in forest vegetation types (Table 9). Two thirds of these latter species are herbs (62%) and 26% are lignified (trees, shrubs, shrublets and palms). This would suggest that trees and shrubs are less tolerant of the edaphic and fire conditions characteristic of the savanna than herbaceous species. The database of previous collections assembled for this checklist contains 4,332 specimens made by over 170 collectors. This database (Goodwin et al. 2011) provides a consolidated view of the history of botanical collecting in Belize — a subject that has been reported on previously by Spellman et al. (1975), Balick et al. (2000) and Brokaw (2001). Most of the collections from the Belizean lowland savanna are (in alphabetical order) at the Missouri Botanical Garden (MO), Natural History Museum (London; BM), New York Botanic Garden (NY), and the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (E). Whilst there has traditionally been a lack of local collecting expertise within Belize, Gentle, who remains one of the most important collectors in the country in general and of the savanna flora in particular (with c. 700 collections) was a notable exception (Table 10). In addition, with the advent of the Flora Mesoamericana project there has been considerable interest in Belizean savannas by researchers from Missouri John Dwyer & Ronald Liesner (1967–1980), Thomas Croat (1973) and Gerrit Davidse with Alan Brant & Douglas Holland (1987, 1996–1997) (Table 10). The long running interest in Belize from the Natural History Museum (London) and more recently the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh has also led to significant collections (Table 10) by Caroline Whitefoord (BM; 1976-2005), Alicia Ibáñez Garcίa & Samuel Bridgewater (E; 1996), and MSc students from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (E; 2000–present). Botanical collecting in the lowland savannas has traditionally focused on the northern and central parts of the country (Table 11) with Belize District (>2,000) being the most heavily collected. Orange Walk (>800), Stann Creek (> 600) and Toledo (>500) Districts appear to be under-represented in relation to the area of savanna found in these Districts. In contrast, the low numbers of collections from Cayo and Corozal (<100 each) probably reflect the general scarcity of lowland savanna in these two districts. Prior to this study five lowland savanna locations had more than 200 collections (Figure 1, Table 1): the vicinity of Mile 29-31 on the Western Highway including Belize Zoo, Churchyard, Colonel English Creek, Colonel English Pine Ridge, Monkey Bay, Parrots Wood, the Place and the Tropical Education Center (752), Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area (RBCMA) between Hill Bank Field Station and East Gate (608)), Ridge Lagoon Plantation including Mile 12 of the Northern Highway and Sand Hill (259), All Pines (228) and Hattieville (291). Discussion Previous published floristic checklists for four savanna areas in Belize: the Monkey Bay Wildlife Sanctuary (MBWS) (Laughlin 2002), the Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area (RBCMA) (Bridgewater et al. 2002), Sapodilla Lagoon (Farruggia et al. 2008) and the submontane savanna at San Pastor (Hicks et al. 2011) enumerate a total of 434 vascular plant species (MBWS, 198; RBCMA, 258; San Pastor, 126; Sapodilla Lagoon, 201). Lowland savanna comprises 10.2% of the land cover of Belize (Meerman & Sabido 2001a, Cameron et al. 2010) and 28% of its vascular plant species. Our results significantly build on this figure, expanding the total number of lowland savanna recorded vascular plant species to 957, updating their taxonomy and providing important distribution and habitat information for each species. This checklist was designed to highlight the floristic importance of the lowland savanna and the number of species that are restricted to it with the aim of providing a baseline knowledge for conservation. 16 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. This checklist does not fully represent the true level of species diversity within a savanna landscape which also includes forest patches and gallery forests. Pither & Kellman (2002) propose that a checklist for the whole savanna landscape which included gallery forests and forest patches would yield a greatly increased number of species being recorded. The floristic composition of these forest intrusions needs to be investigated further because very few specimens have been collected in them. In addition to representing an important component of the Belizean flora, lowland savanna hosts 44% (18) of Belize’s endemic species, in contrast to its proportion of the Belizean flora (28%). This supports Balick et al. (2000) prediction of their relative importance for endemic species. All of the endemic species recorded from lowland savanna occur exclusively or almost exclusively in the savanna ecosystem. The lowland savanna flora probably also contains many species that are endemic at the regional scale, such as Pachyanthus lundellianus (Williams 1963: 573) Judd & Skean (1991: 62). In addition to the importance of this vegetation type in the context of Mesoamerica which needs to be explored further it makes a significant contribution to the biodiversity of Belize. At the family level the composition of the lowland savanna flora is similar to that of the Belizean flora as a whole, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae and Melastomataceae being amongst the most speciesrich families in both. Two exceptions are the Orchidaceae, the second most species-rich family in Belize (Balick et al. 2000) and eleventh in the lowland savanna and the Cyperaceae, fifth most species-rich family for Belize (Balick et al. 2000) and the second most species-rich family in lowland savanna. The lack of topographical variation and host trees in lowland savanna for the mainly epiphytic orchids and the abundance of open damp areas suitable for sedges may explain these observations respectively. Lowland savanna also includes some groups that are almost exclusive to lowland savanna. For example, lowland savanna is a centre of species-richness for Belize of the species-rich genera, Rhynchospora, Scleria, Utricularia, Eleocharis, Eragrostis, Chamaecrista, Fimbristylis and Polygala. The Eriocaulaceae are entirely confined to savanna and wetland vegetation. Eriocaulaceae contains six Belizean endemics in lowland and the upland savanna. Forest taxa such as Piper (28 species in Belize, Balick et al., 2000, two in this checklist) are often species-poor or entirely absent from the lowland savanna. It is interesting to compare the Belizean lowland savannas with the cerrado biome that is the natural vegetation of c. 2 million km2 of Central Brazil. In many areas the physiognomy of the vegetation of the two is rather similar: a relatively sparse cover of small, somewhat xeromorphic trees c. 4-5 m tall. However, the water-table in this type of vegetation in Belize is normally much higher than in Brazil, where during the dry season it is very deep. Two of the dominant tree species in Belize, Byrsonima crassifolia and Curatella americana are also common in the cerrado but always associated with a high water table. They are also abundant and widespread under similar hydrologic conditions in the llanos of Venezuela and other parts of South America. Other species found in the Belizean lowland savanna, such as the oaks and pines do not occur naturally in the cerrado while the arboreal element is usually much richer with up to 40-80 native tree species growing together. The flora described in this checklist is dominated by herbaceous species (53%) with fewer woody species such as trees, shrubs and palms (31%), confirming previous work (Laughlin 2002, Farruggia et al. 2008). Many of the most species-rich genera in the lowland savanna are herbaceous. The importance of herbaceous species to the biodiversity of lowland savannas demonstrates the need for repeated surveys throughout the year to observe ephemeral and seasonal species. For example, the Eriocaulaceae which are notoriously difficult to identify and high in endemics, however only one of the three lowland savanna surveys conducted previously (Farruggia et al. 2008) reported a single Eriocaulon and this was not identified to species. Our field experience and work with herbarium specimens both suggest that September to February is the best time of year to find Eriocaulaceae. Previous surveys did not sample this time of year, in general however collections are good for the rest of the year. There is a need for research into the status and distribution of many of the endemic species and also for comprehensive checklists to be assembled for areas of lowland savanna within particular protected areas. VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 17 This paper provides an APG3 compatible checklist for the lowland savanna of Belize. It is intended that this will underpin future research into the diversity and conservation of this ecosystem. Checklists of this nature based on up-to-date nomenclature and citing specimens are vital to conservation efforts in Belize and the Mesoamerican region, the second most important of 25 hotspots in the world for species diversity and endemism (Conservation International 2004). The lowland savanna ecosystem is under-represented within the current Protected Area System of Belize (Meerman 2005) and is perceived to be under threat from land development for housing, new roads and especially for conversion to pasture, aquaculture and even agriculture. This is despite the presence within the savannas of economically important species such as Pinus caribaea, Acoelorraphe wrightii (Chi-Cawich 2010) and as a habitat for the endangered Yellow-headed Parrot, Amazona oratrix Ridgway (1887: 587). This checklist indicates that the lowland savannas of Belize are an important component of the vascular plant biodiversity of Belize and Mesoamerica. Format of Checklist 957 species are given in the checklist of the vascular plants of the lowland savanna of Belize, together with relevant synonymy, literature references, notes on nomenclature including subspecific taxa, local names compiled from Balick et al. (2000) and herbarium label data, habit, vegetation type, and voucher information organised by locality within the six districts of Belize, including type information and endemic status where appropriate. Species are organised alphabetically by family within each major group. Angiosperm families follow Angiosperm Phylogeny III (2009), ferns and allies follow Smith et al. (2006). Specimens collected by Rose-Innes, Bridgewater and Ibáñez García often have prefixes of RRI, S and AI respectively; these have been removed from the specimens cited in this checklist as they are not a separate number series. Checklist LYCOPODIOPHYTA LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodiella caroliniana (L.) Pic. Serm. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 19). Note: The variety meridionalis (Underw. & F.E. Lloyd) B. Øllg. & P.G. Windisch is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Vincent, M.A. 6035A (MO); Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1660 (BRH, E); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10094 (MO), Huston, J.S. 539 (MO), Sorenson, P.D. 7085 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32879 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2405 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 248 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Gulliver, S. 7 (E), Irving, H. 156 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Navaro, A.M. 270 (MO), Schipp, W.A. 578 (BRH, MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 718 (MO). TOLEDO: Paynes Creek Ranger Station Ack, M. 2 (BRH). Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 19). Local Name: Fern. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Gracie Rock Gentle, P.H. 1535 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2570 (MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3660 (MO). SELAGINELLACEAE Selaginella huehuetenangensis Hieron. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 34). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37029 (MO) Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36311 (MO) Hawkins, T. 1017 (MO). 18 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Selaginella schiedeana A. Braun Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 39). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21322 (MO). PTERIDOPHYTA ANEMIACEAE Anemia adiantifolia (L.) Sw. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 53). Local Name: Much-coc-kax. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23938 (MO); Northern Highway Worthington, R.D. 21403 (MO). BLECHNACEAE Blechnum serrulatum Rich. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 330). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21324 (MO); Bermudian Landing Lyon, J. 28 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12792 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32999 (MO), Huston, J.S. 538 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23947 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 10 Dwyer, J.D. 10984 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 3km South Oldroyd, L. 3 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32496 (MO); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3599 (MO); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1343 (BRH, E); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1405 (BRH, E). DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 162). Local Name: Helecho. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Indian Church Arnason, T. 17178 (MO). GLEICHENIACEAE Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad.) Underw. Syn: Gleichenella flexuosa (Schrad.) Mett.. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 58). Local Name: Tiger Bush, Tiger Fern. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9558 (MO). Dicranopteris pectinata (Willd.) Underw. Syn: Gleichenella pectinata (Willd.) Ching. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 58). Local Name: Helecho, Tiger Bush, Tiger Fern. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 7759 (MO). LINDSAEACEAE Lindsaea quadrangularis Raddi Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 159). Note: The subspecies subalata K.U. Kramer is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Mullins River Road Schipp, W.A. 200 (BRH, MO). LYGODIACEAE Lygodium venustum Sw. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 57). Local Name: Alambre, Alambre-xi, Behuco de Alambre, Corremiento, Wire Whisk, Wire Whiss, Xich-el-ba, Xix-el-bá. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21323 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36566 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 19 POLYPODIACEAE Cochlidium linearifolium (Desv.) Maxon ex C. Chr. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 371). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Hawkins, T. 1561 (MO). Microgramma nitida (J. Sm.) A.R. Sm. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 339). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 997 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 5 Wiley, J.R. 220 (MO). Neurodium lanceolatum (L.) Fée Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 341). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3822 (MO). Pecluma plumula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) M.G. Price Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 345). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32534 (MO). PSILOTACEAE Psilotum nudum (L.) P. Beauv. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 3). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37046 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32533 (MO). PTERIDACEAE Acrostichum aureum L. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 105). Local Name: Helecho, Tiger Bush. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland/Coast. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 193 (E) 194 (E). Adiantum latifolium Lam. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 114). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3697 (MO). Anetium citrifolium (L.) Splitg. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 145). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1858 (BRH, E). Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 149). Local Name: Sebollin. Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1828 (BRH, E). SALVINIACEAE Salvinia minima Baker Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 396). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 198B (E). THELYPTERIDACEAE Thelypteris obliterata (Sw.) Proctor Syn: Dryopteris obliterata (Sw.) C. Chr.. Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 187). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3696 (MO). Thelypteris ovata R.P. St. John Ref: Davidse et al. (1995: 182). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 192 (E). 20 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. PINOPHYTA PINACEAE Pinus caribaea Morelet Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 45), Farjon & Styles (1997: 85, 89). Note: The variety hondurensis (Sénécl.) W.H.Barrett & Golfari is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Huhub, Pine, Pino. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Boom Town MacDaniel, S. 14318 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9433 (MO); Hattieville Huston, J.S. 553 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24005 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 33 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1530 (E, MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2319 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Indian Church Arnason, T. 17134 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 709 (MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 749 (MO); Silk Grass Creek Gentle, P.H. 3109 (MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3690 (MO). CYCADOPHYTA ZAMIACEAE Zamia furfuracea L. f. ex Aiton Ref: Hill & Stevenson (2011), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 49) suggest that this name has been misapplied to Zamia polymorpha D.W. Stev., A. Moretti & Vázq. Torres (treated here as Zamia prasina W. Bull. following Calonje & Meerman (2009). Local Name: Camotillo. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 29 (BRH, MO). Zamia loddigesii Miq. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 16), Hill & Stevenson (2011), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 49) suggest that this name has been misapplied to Zamia polymorpha D.W. Stev., A. Moretti & Vázq. Torres (treated here as Zamia prasina W. Bull. following Calonje & Meerman (2009). Local Name: Camotillo. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Whitefoord, C. 2603 (MO); Old Northern Highway, Mile 20 Proctor, G.R. 29530 (BRH); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1548 (MO). CAYO: Spanish Lookout Ratter, J.A. 5195 (MO). STANN CREEK: Placencia Walker, R.L. 1099 (MO). Zamia prasina W. Bull Syn: Zamia polymorpha D.W. Stev. & A. Moretti & Vázq. Torres. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011), Calonje & Meerman (2009). Local Name: Mata Ratón. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32768 (MO); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 133 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Goodwin, Z.A. 1805 (BRH, E). ENDEMIC. MAGNOLIOPHYTA ACANTHACEAE Aphelandra scabra (Vahl) Sm. Syn: Aphelandra deppeana Schltdl. & Cham.. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 335). Local Name: Anal, Anal Grande, Anal-chae, Cabeza de Indio, Chacanal, Indian Head, Pito, Red Anal, Red Head Indian. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Field Station Harris, D.J. 7887 (E). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3774 (MO), 3775 (MO). Dicliptera sexangularis (L.) Juss. Syn: Dicliptera assurgens (L.) Juss.. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 354). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1119 (MO). Justicia pectoralis Jacq. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 396). Local Name: Balsam Vine. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5278 (MO). Odontonema callistachyum (Schltdl. & Cham.) Kuntze Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 416). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 151 (E). Ruellia geminiflora Kunth Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 431). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 761 (BRH, MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 21 AIZOACEAE Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 206). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Coast. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1554 (MO). ALISMATACEAE Sagittaria lancifolia L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 80), Davidse et al. (1994: 7). Note: The subspecies lancifolia is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Kibix. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Goodwin, Z.A. 1526 (E). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 220 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 40 (E). AMARANTHACEAE Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 152). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8278 (MO). AMARYLLIDACEAE Crinum erubescens Aiton Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 125). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Hector Creek Proctor, G.R. 29709 (BRH). Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb. Syn: Pancratium littorale Jacq.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 139), Stevens et al. (2001: 1225). Local Name: Beach Spider Lily, Lirio Blanco. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Bridgewater, S.G.M. 302 (E). TOLEDO: Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1321 (BRH, E). ANACARDIACEAE Anacardium occidentale L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 178). Local Name: Cashew, Maranon. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Cultivated. Vouchers: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 66 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 758 (BRH, MO). Metopium brownei (Jacq.) Urb. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 184). Local Name: Black Poison Wood, Che-chen, Chechem, Honduras Walnut. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9746 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23285 (BRH, MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 74 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 5 Wiley, J.R. 218 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4152 (MO). ANNONACEAE Annona glabra L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 275). Local Name: Alligator Apple, Bobwood, Corkwood, Gob Apple, Swamp Apple, Yobapple. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1440 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 205 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 559 (BRH, MO). Annona primigenia Standl. & Steyerm. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 277). Local Name: Anona del Monte, Anonillo, Anonio, Wild Annona, Wild Custard Apple. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32551 (MO). 22 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Annona reticulata L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 278). Local Name: Annona, Annona Colorado, Annona del Monte, Anona Blanca, Custard Apple, O'p, Tsulipox, Wild Custard Apple. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14929A (BRH, MO). Mosannona depressa (Baill.) Chatrou Syn: Malmea depressa (Baill.) R.E. Fr. subsp. depressa. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 288). Local Name: Che-che, Chief of Herbs, Elemuil, Eremuel, Eremuil, Itz-imul, Lancewood, Mahana, Sufrekaya, Wild Coffee, Wild Soursop. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 149 (E). Xylopia frutescens Aubl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 293). Local Name: Palata, Polewood. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Coastal Highway, Mile 5 Nee, M. 46885 (BRH, MO). APIACEAE Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Ref: Standley et al. (1966: 34). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1655 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Goodwin, Z.A. 1083 (BRH, E). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32556 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Bridgewater, S.G.M. 303 (E); Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 196 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Galley, C.A. 4 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Galley, C.A. 3 (E); Hill Bank, 4km South Espona, S.P. 8 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 15 (E). TOLEDO: Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1324 (BRH, E). APOCYNACEAE Allamanda cathartica L. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 337), Davidse et al. (2009: 666). Local Name: Campanitas Amarillas. Habit: Climber/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1856 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14984 (MO). STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8231 (MO). TOLEDO: Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 361 (BM). Asclepias curassavica L. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 411), Davidse et al. (2009: 705). Local Name: Cho, Chushu-yushi, Cuchillo-Xiv, Gato, Hoja de Veneno, Ka-ki-at'sum, Mis, Polly Redhead, Raton, Red Hand Polly, Red Head Polly. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Goodwin, Z.A. 1532 (E); Northern Highway, Mile 15 Wiley, J.R. 93 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24063 (MO). Aspidosperma megalocarpon Müll. Arg. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 338), Davidse et al. (2009: 669). Local Name: Malady Blanco, My Lady, Peechmaax. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 329 (E), 339 (E). Blepharodon mucronatum (Schltdl.) Decne. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 418), Davidse et al. (2009: 708). Local Name: Tietie. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9482 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15071 (MO); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10055 (MO); Huston, J.S. 528 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1006 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 57 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2494 (BM). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Access Road Whitefoord, C. 8065 (BM). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 154 (MO); Lamb Creek Gentle, P.H. 3447 (MO); Silk Grass Road Gentle, P.H. 8139 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32481 (MO); Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5284 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3754 (MO). Cameraria latifolia L. Syn: Cameraria belizensis Standl.. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 341), Davidse et al. (2009: 671). Local Name: Chechem de Caballo, Savanna White, Savanna White Poisonwood, White Poison Wood, White PoisonWood. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10089 (BRH, MO), Huston, J.S. 563 (MO), MacDaniel, S. 13094 (MO), Sorenson, P.D. 7074 (MO), 7075 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1442 (BRH, E); Northern Highway Worthington, R.D. 21405 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Gentry, A.H. 7645 (BRH, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14968 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Gentry, A.H. VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 23 7856 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36338 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Belize-Cayo Boundary Proctor, G.R. 30286 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23250 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37045 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 28 Whitefoord, C. 9586 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2279 (BM, MO), 2489 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 33 Rose-Innes, R. 223 (MO). CAYO: Western Highway, Mile 34 Atha, D.E. 1121 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Bridgewater, S.G.M. 309 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 474 (E), 494 (E); Hill Bank, 1km South Chioureas, G. 1 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Goodwin, Z.A. 683 (BRH, E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17131 (MO); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 39 (E). Echites tuxtlensis Standl. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 346), Davidse et al. (2009: 674). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1022 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12613 (MO). Forsteronia acouci (Aubl.) A. DC. Syn: Forsteronia viridescens S.F. Blake. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 353), Davidse et al. (2009: 676). Local Name: Tie Tie, White Mangrove. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8234 (MO). Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schltr. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 470), Davidse et al. (2009: 715). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1647 (MO). Gonolobus cteniophorus (S.F. Blake) Woodson Syn: Matelea cteniophora (S.F. Blake) Shinners Vincetoxicum cteniophorum S.F. Blake Vincetoxicum lundellii Standl. Vincetoxicum tortum Brandegee. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 432), Davidse et al. (2009: 721). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 3818 (MO); Burrell Boom Whitefoord, C. 2543 (BM). Mandevilla hirsuta (Rich.) K. Schum. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 362), Davidse et al. (2009: 681). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1849 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1250 (BRH, E); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3664 (MO). Mandevilla subsagittata (Ruiz & Pav.) Woodson Syn: Echites cuspidifera S.F. Blake Echites subsagittatus Ruiz & Pav.. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 364), Davidse et al. (2009: 682). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Walker, J.B. 541 (BRH), Worthington, R.D. 21326 (MO), 23933 (MO); Coastal Highway, Mile 5 Nee, M. 46890 (MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 2187 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15074 (MO); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10065 (MO), Huston, J.S. 546 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1030 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1566 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1842 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Hummingbird-Southern Highway Intersection Balick, M.J. 3032 (NY); Melinda Forest Station Proctor, G.R. 36535 (MO); Melinda Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 1914 (MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 739 (MO); Silk Grass Balick, M.J. 3082 (NY); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 368 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1248 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Goodwin, Z.A. 1334 (BRH, E); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3806 (MO). Matelea campechiana (Standl.) Woodson Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 453); Davidse et al. (2009: 744). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1411 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4257 (MO). Matelea fulvida (F. Ballard) W.D. Stevens Syn: Matelea grandiflora (Standl.) Woodson Vincetoxicum grandiflorum Standl.. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 457), Davidse et al. (2009: 747). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5264 (MO). Metastelma schlechtendalii Decne. Syn: Cynanchum schlechtendalii (Decne.) Standl. & Steyerm.. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 422), Davidse et al. (2009: 761). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37028 (MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 8296 (BM); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7640 (BRH, MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 153 (BRH); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Gentry, A.H. 8571 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2506 (BM); Tropical Education Center Hawkins, T. 1027 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2411B (MO). STANN CREEK: Southern Highway Balick, M.J. 3047 (BRH, MO). 24 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Metastelma stenomeres (Standl. & Steyerm.) W.D. Stevens Syn: Cynanchum stenomeres Standl. & Steyerm.. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 424), Davidse et al. (2009: 761). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21314A (MO); Gales Point Proctor, G.R. 36544 (BM, MO), 36545 (BM, MO); Manatee Gentle, P.H. 3417 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2737 (BM), 8302 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2726 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2411A (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Blackburn & Indian Hill Work Goodwin, Z.A. 1162 (BRH, E); Hill Bank Field Station Seed, L. 4 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 674 (BM, BRH, MO—Type of Cynanchum stenomeres); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8458 (MO); Silk Grass Bridgewater, S.G.M. 4038 (E), Goodwin, Z.A. 1178 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1381 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Goodwin, Z.A. 1276 (BRH, E). ENDEMIC. Metastelma thalamosiphon W.D. Stevens Ref: Davidse et al. (2009: 762). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Worthington, R.D. 24077 (MO); Hattieville Sorenson, P.D. 7081 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1443 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12011 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 10706 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 193 (MO—Type of Metastelma thalamosiphon). Odontadenia macrantha (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Markgr. Syn: Odontadenia caudigera Woodson. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 370), Davidse et al. (2009: 685). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Coastal Highway, Mile 5 Nee, M. 46886 (MO). Pentalinon andrieuxii (Müll. Arg.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin Syn: Urechites andrieuxii Müll. Arg.. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 404), Davidse et al. (2009: 686). Local Name: Ciro-ak, Sak-sa-yumb', Salsa, Selsa, Snake Root, Tulipan del Monte, Waica Contribo. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 6982 (MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 3085 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33170 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12796 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36331 (BRH, MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32526 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1121 (BRH, E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 490 (E); Northern River Gentle, P.H. 1037 (MO). TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 7755 (MO). Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 381), Davidse et al. (2009: 694). Local Name: Tèk-ta-men, Túk-tamen. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24084 (BRH). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 329 (E); Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1511 (BRH, E); Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1500 (BRH, E). Rhabdadenia biflora (Jacq.) Müll. Arg. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 383), Davidse et al. (2009: 694). Local Name: Mangrove Vine. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Coast. Voucher: BELIZE: Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1435 (BRH, E). Tabernaemontana alba Mill. Syn: Tabernaemontana chrysocarpa S.F. Blake. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 390), Davidse et al. (2009: 698). Local Name: Chaklikin, Cogeton, Cojeton, Cojon de Perro, Cojoton, Dog Balls, Grampballs, Horse's Balls, Huevo de Cuchu, Huevos de Caballo, Huevos de Cucho, Ton Chà, Ton-chi, Ton-simin, Ton-sàmin. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Coastal Highway, Mile 5 Nee, M. 46888 (BRH, MO); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10067 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 50 MacDaniel, S. 14489 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1528 (MO). CAYO: Western Highway, Mile 34 Atha, D.E. 1098 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 324 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 484 (E), Espona, S.P. 10 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36218 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Paynes Creek Ranger Station Williams, N.A. 2 (BRH, E); Temash River Stevenson, N.S. 128 (MO). Thevetia ahouai (L.) A. DC. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 394), Davidse et al. (2009: 700). Local Name: Chi-chi-yák, Cocheton, Cogotone, Cojotón, Cojón de Mico, Dog balls, Dog's Tongue, Grandfather's Balls, Huevo de chucho, Juevo de Chucha, Tse-puà, Tsu-pèi, Tsu-púi, Tze-pui. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 3km South Robertson, B. 1 (E). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 25 AQUIFOLIACEAE Ilex belizensis Lundell Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 198). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1816 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 2km South Goodwin, Z.A. 1801 (BRH, E). Ilex guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze Syn: Ilex panamensis Standl.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 200). Local Name: Bastard Waterwood, Birdberry, Boy Job, Broken Ridge Waterwood, Cassada, Dogwood, Laurel del Agua. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Gales Point Proctor, G.R. 36027 (BM, BRH), 36554 (BM); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 59 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 179 (E); Hill Bank Clayton, J.W. 2 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35707 (BM, BRH); Silk Grass Bridgewater, S.G.M. 4035 (E); Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7897 (BM). TOLEDO: Columbia Gentle, P.H. 6169 (BM). ARACEAE Anthurium schlechtendalii Kunth Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 317), Stevens et al. (2001: 148), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Note: The subspecies schlechtendalii is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Cola de Faisan, Pheasant's Tail, Tye-Pè, Xiv-tun-ich, Xiv-yak-tun-ich. Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32604 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32792 (MO). Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl. Syn: Philodendron selloum K. Koch. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 70 (BRH, MO). Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 342), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Heart Vine. Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: CAYO: Belmopan Dwyer, J.D. 12718 (MO). Syngonium angustatum Schott Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 355), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32825 (MO); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 172 (E). ARALIACEAE Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Decne. & Planch. Syn: Dendropanax stenodontus (Standl.) A.C. Sm. Gilibertia arborea (L.) Marchal Gilibertia concinna Standl.. Ref: Standley et al. (1966: 5), Davidse et al. (2009: 368). Local Name: Lion's Hand, Mano de León, Mountain Blossom Berries, Potaloe Wood, Potatowood, Sac-chacah, Sak Chaka, Tz'ub, White Gombo Limbo, White Gumbolimbo. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4127 (MO); Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4182 (MO). Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin Syn: Didymopanax morotoni (Aubl.) Decne. & Planch.. Ref: Davidse et al. (2009: 383). Local Name: Mountain Trumpet. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 681 (BRH, MO). ARECACEAE Acoelorraphe wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Becc. Syn: Acoelorraphe mayana Standl. Acoelorraphe pinetorum Bartlett Brahea psilocalyx Burret Paurotis psilocalyx (Burret) Lundell Paurotis schippii Burret Paurotis wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) Britton. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 277), Stevens et al. (2001: 196). Local Name: Chi-it, Hairy Tom, Hairy Tom Palmetto, Honduras Pimenta, Palma, Palmetto, Papta, Pim-int, Pim-iént, Pimento 26 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Palm, Prementa, Primenta, Ta-sis-te, Taciste, Tasiste. Habit: Palm. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bartlett, H.H. 11201 (MICH—Type of Acoelorraphe pinetorum); Bermudian Landing Balick, M.J. 3301 (BRH, MO); Burrell Boom Gentry, A.H. 8055 (MO); Colonel English Creek Rose-Innes, R. 210 (MO); Hattieville Balick, M.J. 2083 (BRH, MO), Davidse, G. 32992 (MO); Manatee Lagoon Peck, M.E. 241 (GH—Type of Brahea psilocalyx); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23267 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 15 Arvigo, R. 371 (MO, NY); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23953 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Dwyer, J.D. 13079 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 37037 (MO), Kay, E. 34 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 28 Spellman, D.L. 1617 (MO). CAYO: Arvigo, R. 1119 (NY); Black Man Eddy Atha, D.E. 957 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32521 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32741 (MO), 32797 (MO); Carmelita Davidse, G. 32817 (MO). STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 750 (MO); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. s.n. (BRH). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32489 (MO). Sabal yapa C. Wright ex Becc. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Bay Leaf Palm, Big Thatch, Botan, Botán, Huano, Thatch Palm. Habit: Palm. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 1km South Ganesan, S.K. 84 (E). Schippia concolor Burret Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 293). Local Name: Mountain Palmetto, Mountain Pimento, Silver Palmetto, Silver Pimento, Silver Thatch. Habit: Palm. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37010 (MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 3146 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9743 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 45 (BRH, MO). ENDEMIC. Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f. Syn: Thrinax wendlandiana Becc.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 228), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Chit, Fan Palm, Salt Water Palmetto, Salt Water Pimenta, Salt Water Pimento. Habit: Palm. Vegetation Type: Coast. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 661 (BRH, MO). ASTERACEAE Acmella filipes (Greenm.) R.K. Jansen Syn: Spilanthes filipes Greenm.. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 320), Flann (2009). Note: The variety cayensis R.K. Jansen is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9499 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37040 (BM, MO). Acmella lundellii R.K. Jansen Ref: Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21296 (MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 8295 (BM, MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 986 (MO—Type of Acmella lundellii); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14710 (BRH, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. s.n. (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Proctor, G.R. 29536 (BM); Parrots Wood Whitefoord, C. s.n. (MO); Tropical Education Center Hawkins, T. 1013 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. s.n. (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2283 (BM). Acmella oppositifolia (Lam.) R.K. Jansen Syn: Spilanthes americana (L. f.) Hieron. Spilanthes oppositifolia (Lam.) D'Arcy. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 318), Flann (2009). Note: The variety oppositifolia is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Balick et al. (2000: 148) suggest that the combination Spilanthes oppositifolia (Lam.) D'Arcy has been misapplied to Acmella pilosa R.K. Jansen in Belize. Local Name: Oro Soos Amarillo. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. s.n. (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. s.n. (MO). CAYO: Western Highway Gentle, P.H. s.n. (MO). Acmella pilosa R.K. Jansen Ref: Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Jansen, R.K. 659 (MO); Worthington, R.D. 24079 (MO); Hattieville Jansen, R.K. 660 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2567 (BM). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Whitefoord, C. 8140 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: Mullins River Road Schipp, W.A. 981 (BM, BRH, MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 27 Ageratum ellipticum B.L. Rob. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 38), Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lamb, A.F.A. 46 (BRH). ORANGE WALK: Indian Church Arnason, T. 17847 (MO). Ageratum peckii B.L. Rob. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 40), Flann (2009). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Worthington, R.D. 24066 (MO); Gracie Rock Gentle, P.H. 1757 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1677 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14698 (BM, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14975 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36305 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37053 (BM, BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32939 (MO). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8153 (MO). Ageratum radicans B.L. Rob. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 41), Flann (2009) Robinson (2010). Note: Robinson (1990: 103) suggests that the name Ageratum peckii B.L. Rob. may be the accepted name for this species however more recent work accepts this species (Robinson, 2010). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10090 (MO), Huston, J.S. 554 (MO), MacDaniel, S. 14281 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7643 (BRH, MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1424 (BRH, E); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 26 (BRH), 74 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23251 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24004 (BRH, MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 6 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Goodwin, Z.A. 1072 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 28 Whitefoord, C. 9582 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 29 Goodwin, Z.A. 1039 (E); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2292 (BM), 2474 (BM, MO), 2577 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Field Station Caldwell, A.L. 1 (BM, E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1841 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 3km South Gulliver, S. 4 (E); Hill Bank, 4km South Espona, S.P. 3 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 21 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 611 (BM, BRH); Silk Grass Bridgewater, S.G.M. 4042 (E), Goodwin, Z.A. 1193 (BRH, E). ENDEMIC. Aster subulatus (Michx.) hort. ex Michx. Syn: Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G.L. Nesom. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 141), Flann (2009). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 153) suggest that the name Aster subulatus (Michx.) hort. ex Michx. is a synonym of the name Symphyotrichum expansum (Poepp. & Spreng.) G.L. Nesom. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24064 (MO). Baltimora recta L. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 193), Flann (2009). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Silk Grass Road Gentle, P.H. 8146 (MO). Calea jamaicensis (L.) L. Syn: Calea peckii B.L. Rob. Calea trichotoma Donn. Sm. Calea trichotoma Donn. Sm. var. peckii Wussow & Urbatsch Calea trichotoma Donn. Sm. var. trichotoma. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 220, 222), Flann (2009). Local Name: Xicin. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Walker, J.B. 154 (BRH), Worthington, R.D. 21280 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9430 (MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 160 (BRH), 199 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. s.n. (MO); Western Highway, Mile 28 Whitefoord, C. 9591 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2288 (BM), 2444 (BM), 2471 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 33 Sorenson, P.D. 7102 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 319 (E), Ibáñez García, A. 127 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 18 (E), 26 (E). STANN CREEK: Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 280 (BM, BRH, MO). Calea longipedicellata B.L. Rob. & Greenm. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 219), Flann (2009). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32963 (MO), Sorenson, P.D. 7091 (MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 162 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 21 Dwyer, J.D. 12708 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2511 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1510 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 558 (BRH); Sapodilla Lagoon Vincent, M.A. 6197 (MO). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1216 (BRH, E). Calea ternifolia Kunth Ref: Flann (2009). Note: The variety ternifolia is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Yaxhatz. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Walker, J.B. 160 (BRH), 535 (BRH), Worthington, R.D. 23829 (MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 175 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12008 (MO), 12235 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Dwyer, J.D. 12545 (BRH, MO). 28 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Kuempers, B.M.C. 1 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 773 (BM, BRH, MO). Calea urticifolia (Mill.) DC. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 222), Flann (2009). Note: The variety urticifolia is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 757 (BM, BRH). Calea zacatechichi Schltdl. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 223), Flann (2009). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 149) suggest that the name Calea zacatechichi Schltdl. is a synonym of the name Calea ternifolia Kunth var. ternifolia. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9458 (MO). Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob. Syn: Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less.. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 23), Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23279 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 14711 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 23999 (MO). STANN CREEK: Big Creek MacDaniel, S. 12953 (MO). Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Syn: Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk.. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 241), Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24020 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2520 (BM, MO), 3350 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 666 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Whitefoord, C. 8154 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: Mullins River Road Schipp, W.A. 179 (BRH, MO). Elephantopus angustifolius Sw. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 5), Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 756 (BM, BRH, MO). Elephantopus mollis Kunth Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 6), Flann (2009). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Wiley, J.R. 233 (BRH, MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1145 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23970 (BRH, MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 723 (BM, BRH, MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 349 (BM, MO); Silk Grass Road Gentle, P.H. 8148 (MO). Emilia fosbergii Nicolson Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 394), Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14711 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 68 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32940 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 307 (E); Hill Bank Access Road Whitefoord, C. 8110 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 684 (BM, BRH); Sarawee Gentle, P.H. 7872 (MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 352 (BM). Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 396), Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Silk Grass Road Gentle, P.H. 8140 (MO). Fleischmannia pratensis (Klatt) R.M. King & H. Rob. Ref: Flann (2009). Local Name: Purple Malva. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32474 (MO). Goldmanella sarmentosa (Greenm.) Greenm. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 244), Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Mullins River Road Schipp, W.A. 867 (BRH, MO). Lasianthaea fruticosa (L.) K.M. Becker Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 254), Flann (2009). Local Name: Ish-tá, Margarita, Margarita del Monte, Shti-pè, Shti-pú, Zta'ach. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Monkey Bay Walker, J.B. 549 (BRH). Lepidaploa argyropappa (H. Buek) H. Rob. Ref: Flann (2009). Note: The status of the name Lepidaploa argyropappa (H. Buek) H. Rob. is currently unresolved (Flann (2009)), however it may be a synonym of the name Vernonia salzmannii DC.. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher : TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3889 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 29 Lepidaploa tortuosa (L.) H. Rob. Syn: Vernonia schiedeana Less. Vernonia tortuosa (L.) S.F. Blake. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 31), Flann (2009). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. s.n. (MO); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. s.n. (MO). Melanthera nivea (L.) Small Syn: Melanthera angustifolia A. Rich. Melanthera aspera (Jacq.) Steud. ex Small Melanthera hastifolia S.F. Blake. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 263), Flann (2009). Local Name: Bega, Boton Blanco, Hotz, Spanish Needle, Tup-lan-xix. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21298 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 23310 (MO), 24008 (MO), 24056 (BRH, MO); Tropical Education Center Hawkins, T. 1024 (MO), Kay, E. 58 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Vaughan, J.E. 292 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2289 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2750 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Whitefoord, C. 8067 (BM, MO); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 271 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Wangchuck, K. 7 (E). Mikania micrantha Kunth Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 110), Flann (2009). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12234 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 3131 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 210 (E). STANN CREEK: Hopkins Proctor, G.R. 35789 (BRH, MO). Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. ex Cass. Syn: Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br.. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 272), Flann (2009). Local Name: An-mánk, Jackass Bitters, K'an-mank (yellow bitter), Kabayim, Mano de Lagarto, Tres Puntas. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1061 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 31 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 4km South Khaw, S.H. 765 (E). Otopappus guatemalensis (Urb.) R.L. Hartm. & Stuessy Syn: Notoptera guatemalensis Urb.. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 274), Flann (2009). Habit: Climber/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1823 (MO). Pectis bonplandiana Kunth Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 373), Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Coast. Voucher: BELIZE: Saint John's College Dwyer, J.D. 12389 (MO). Pectis prostrata Cav. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 376), Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 8294 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2498 (BM). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1697 (BRH, E). Perymenium ghiesbreghtii B.L. Rob. & Greenm. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 282), Flann (2009). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32493 (BM, MO). Perymenium gymnolomoides (Less.) DC. Syn: Perymenium peckii B.L. Rob.. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 285), Flann (2009). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9590 (MO). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8152 (MO); Mullins River Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8555 (MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 322 (BM). Pluchea baccharis (Mill.) Pruski Syn: Pluchea rosea R.K. Godfrey. Ref: Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37059 (BRH, MO). Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don Ref: Flann (2009). Local Name: Chal-ch, Chal-che, Pito Sico. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32943 (MO). Pluchea foetida (L.) DC. Ref: Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Ibáñez García, A. 282 (E). Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 178), Flann (2009). Local Name: Caal Ce. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12375 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Belize-Cayo Boundary Proctor, G.R. 30285 (BM, BRH). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Access Road Whitefoord, C. 8088 (BM), 8123 (BM). 30 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Pluchea yucatanensis G.L. Nesom Ref: Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland/Coast. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 13 Whitefoord, C. 2268 (MO). Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 453), Flann (2009). Local Name: Chicalote. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 10475 (MO). Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski Syn: Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc.. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 353), Flann (2009). Local Name: Rabbit Paw. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21320 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2286 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 78 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1532 (MO). Spiracantha cornifolia Kunth Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 17), Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23915 (MO). Vernonanthura patens (Kunth) H. Rob. Syn: Vernonia aschenborniana S. Schauer Vernonia patens Kunth Vernonia patens Kunth subsp. patens. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 28), Robinson (1992, 1999). Local Name: Inocenta. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1031 (MO). Vernonia salzmannii DC. Syn: Lepidaploa salzmannii (DC.) H. Rob. Vernonia argyropappa H. Buek. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 22), Flann (2009). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Silk Grass Road Gentle, P.H. 8144 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Hunt, D.R. 360 (BM). Wedelia acapulcensis Kunth Syn: Wedelia parviceps S.F. Blake. Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 350, 353), Flann (2009). Note: The variety parviceps (S.F. Blake) Strother and the variety ramosissima (Greenm.) Strother are both used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Orosus. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lamb, A.F.A. 52 (BRH); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 2189 (BM, MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9444 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33162 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15069 (MO); Hattieville Huston, J.S. 561 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1420 (BRH, E); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 27 (BRH); Northern Highway Worthington, R.D. 21401 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23271 (BRH, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 15 Wiley, J.R. 97 (BRH, MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 8323 (BM); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 4 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1506 (MO), 1543 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2284 (BM, MO). CAYO: Black Man Eddy Atha, D.E. 959 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 318 (E); Hill Bank Ibáñez García, A. 300 (E), Whitefoord, C. 8141 (BM), Youngson, A. 3 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17550 (MO), 17774 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35716 (MO); Schipp, W.A. 599 (BM, BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4065 (MO); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1331 (BRH, E); Southern Highway Croat, T.B. 24190 (MO); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1411 (BRH, E). Wedelia hispida Kunth Ref: Nash & Williams (1976: 352), Flann (2009). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 164 (E). BIGNONIACEAE Amphilophium paniculatum (L.) Kunth Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 161). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5173 (MO). Amphitecna breedlovei A.H. Gentry Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 164). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 138) suggest that the name Amphitecna donnell-smithii (Sprague) L.O. Williams has been misapplied to this species in Belize. Local Name: Calabash, Wild Calabash. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 734 (BRH, MO); Melinda Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 1864 (MO); Silk Grass Reserve Gentle, P.H. 3093 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 31 Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verl. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 173). Local Name: Rabadea. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 593 (BRH, MO), 710 (BRH, MO); Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7925 (MO). Arrabidaea patellifera (Schltdl.) Sandwith Syn: Petastoma patelliferum (Schltdl.) Miers. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 175). Local Name: Ojo Benco. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 701 (BRH, MO). Crescentia cujete L. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 187), Lohmann & Ulloa Ulloa (2011). Local Name: Calabash, Hom, Huaz, Jicara, Savanna Calabash, Wild Calabash. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Jansen 1122 (MO); Crooked Tree Vincent, M.A. 5931 (MO); Hattieville Huston, J.S. 557 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7650 (MO), 7651 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Croat, T.B. 23295 (MO); Old Northern Highway, Mile 15 Arvigo, R. 376 (MO, NY); Rancho Dolores Rose-Innes, R. 291 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 36 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 26 Sutton, D.A. 173 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 5 Wiley, J.R. 212 (MO). CAYO: Spanish Lookout Ratter, J.A. 5194 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Gulliver, S. 8 (E). Crescentia linearifolia Miers Ref: Lohmann & Ulloa Ulloa (2011). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Indian Church Arnason, T. 17023 (MO). Tynanthus guatemalensis Donn. Sm. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 231). Local Name: Gernanda, Monja Blanca. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Joe Taylor Creek Gentle, P.H. 7775 (MO). BORAGINACEAE Bourreria mollis Standl. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 116). Local Name: Black Fiddlewood, Opay, Roble. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Joe Taylor Creek Gentle, P.H. 7771 (MO). Cordia diversifolia Pav. ex DC. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 125). Local Name: Chischis, Lats-b'hv, Litz-hu'um, Macajuita. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Mafredi Lagoon Gentle, P.H. 5394 (MO). Heliotropium filiforme Lehm. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 142). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Goodwin, Z.A. 1539 (BRH, E); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12472 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 28 Whitefoord, C. 9581 (MO). ORANGE WALK: San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1677 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Goodwin, Z.A. 1718 (BRH, E). Heliotropium fruticosum L. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 143). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 3077 (MO). Varronia curassavica Jacq. Syn: Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult.. Ref: Miller & Gottschling (2007), Standley & Williams (1970: 123). Local Name: Ak-sheb. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1667 (BRH, E); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 3150 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12470 (MO); Hattieville Balick, M.J. 2085 (BRH, NY), MacDaniel, S. 14275 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Wiley, J.R. 512 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 3km South Gulliver, S. 1 (E). Varronia spinescens (L.) Borhidi Syn: Cordia ferruginea (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. Cordia spinescens L.. Ref: Miller & Gottschling (2007), Standley & Williams (1970: 132). Local Name: Behuco Negro, Black Vine, Box-ak. Habit: Climber/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 167 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 249 (E). BROMELIACEAE Aechmea bracteata (Sw.) Griseb. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 382), Davidse et al. (1994: 151). Local Name: Water Orchid, Wild Pine. Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern 32 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23950 (MO). CAYO: Black Man Eddy Atha, D.E. 955 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32524 (MO). Billbergia viridiflora H.L. Wendl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 391), Davidse et al. (1994: 156). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36324 (MO). Bromelia plumieri (E. Morren) L.B. Sm. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 149). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32731 (MO). Catopsis berteroniana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Mez Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 397), Davidse et al. (1994: 142). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1125 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37052 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32530 (BRH, MO). Tillandsia balbisiana Schult. f. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 436), Davidse et al. (1994: 105). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33174 (MO); Hattieville Huston, J.S. 556 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12199 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37051 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32523 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Ibáñez García, A. 284 (E). Tillandsia bulbosa Hook. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 439), Davidse et al. (1994: 106). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33181 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24041 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37050 (BRH, MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32541 (MO). STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8506 (MO). Tillandsia dasyliriifolia Baker Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 443), Davidse et al. (1994: 108). Habit: Epiphyte/ Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12004 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37057 (BRH, MO). Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 445), Davidse et al. (1994: 109). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32519 (MO). Tillandsia streptophylla Scheidw. ex C. Morren Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 465), Davidse et al. (1994: 119). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36307 (MO). CAYO: Western Highway, Mile 35 Proctor, G.R. 29499 (BRH). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32565 (MO). Tillandsia utriculata L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 469), Davidse et al. (1994: 120). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32518 (MO). BURMANNIACEAE Burmannia capitata (Walter ex J.F. Gmel.) Mart. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 224), Davidse et al. (1994: 81). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23820 (MO); Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1670 (E); Double Head Cabbage Hedger, J.N. 295 (BM); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 197 (BRH); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1409 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2732 (BM, MO), 8336 (BM). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 1km South Prickett, R.M. 2 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Jones, K.E. 1 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 357629 (MO), Schipp, W.A. 634 (BM, BRH, MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 725 (MO). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106220 (BM). Burmannia flava Mart. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 224), Davidse et al. (1994: 81). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: CAYO: Savannah Bank Goodwin, Z.A. 1799 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3788 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 33 BURSERACEAE Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 439). Local Name: Birch, Ca-c-ch, Ca-cah, Cha-c, Cha-ca, Cha-cah, Chacah, Gumbo Limbo, Gumbolimbo, Gumbolimbo Blanco, Hukup, Indio Desnudo, Indio Peludo, Palo Chino, Palo Jiote, Red Gombo Limbo, Sirvella Simarona, White Gumbolimbo, Xa-ka, Xaka. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 285 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 799 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4147 (MO). Protium copal (Schltdl. & Cham.) Engl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 442). Local Name: Copal, High Ridge Copal, Pom, Pomte. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1135 (MO). Tetragastris panamensis (Engl.) Kuntze Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 443). Local Name: Carbon, Carbon II, Carbón, Copal, Mountain Copal, Red Copal. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8085 (MO). CAMPANULACEAE Lobelia cardinalis L. Syn: Lobelia cardinalis L. subsp. graminea (Lam.) McVaugh. Ref: Nash (1976: 418), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 2275 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 341 (E). CANNABACEAE Trema micrantha (L.) Blume Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 9). Note: The variety floridana (Britton ex Small) Standl. is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Capulin, Ki-ik, Mahua Blanca, Pine Ridge Bay Cedar, Pixó, Wild Bay Cedar. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4079 (MO). CARYOPHYLLACEAE Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 228). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2565 (MO). TOLEDO: San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6666 (MO). CELASTRACEAE Crossopetalum gaumeri (Loes.) Lundell Syn: Myginda gaumeri Loes. Rhacoma gaumeri (Loes.) Standl.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 212). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1567 (BRH, E). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32535 (MO). Crossopetalum gentlei (Lundell) Lundell Syn: Crossopetalum puberulum (Lundell) Lundell Rhacoma gentlei Lundell Rhacoma puberula (Lundell) Standl. & Steyerm. Rhacoma riparia Lundell var. puberula Lundell. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 212). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33172 (BRH, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Dwyer, J.D. 10935 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24050 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 160 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 473 (E), 497 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 262 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Goodwin, Z.A. 679 (BRH, E). ENDEMIC. Hemiangium excelsum (Kunth) A.C. Sm. Syn: Hippocratea excelsa Kunth Hippocratea yucatana Standl. Semialarium mexicanum (Miers) Mennega. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 220). Local Name: Roble, Tietie. Habit: Shrub. 34 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37031 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9732 (MO); Maskall Goodwin, Z.A. 1519 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 23 Croat, T.B. 23286 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23955 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24031 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 3130 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 302 (E), 336 (E); Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1502 (BRH, E), 1504 (BRH, E); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 134 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Vandrot, H. 1 (E). Hippocratea volubilis L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 221), Stevens et al. (2001: 1144). Local Name: Barracuta Tietie. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3856 (MO). Zinowiewia pallida Lundell Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 217). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8486 (BM). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3623 (MO). ENDEMIC. CHRYSOBALANACEAE Chrysobalanus icaco L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 442). Local Name: Caye Caulker Plum, Coco Plum, Coco-Plum, Cocoplum, Hicaco Plum, Icaco, Jicaco Plum, Ka-ka-tà, Kocho-rhum. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37017 (MO), Worthington, R.D. 21325 (MO); Bermudian Landing Jansen 1121 (MO); Coastal Highway, Mile 5 Nee, M. 46893 (BRH, MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 2188 (MO), 3084 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33165 (MO); Hattieville Balick, M.J. 2088 (BRH, MO), Huston, J.S. 526 (MO), Wilbur, R.L. 11560 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1436 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23265 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 14720 (MO), Wiley, J.R. 511 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 40 Goodwin, Z.A. 1133 (BRH, E); Rancho Dolores Rose-Innes, R. 288 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1553 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 25 Rose-Innes, R. 215 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32934 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32745 (BRH, MO); Hill Bank Linares-Palomino, R. 12 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 493 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Vint, K. 4 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17159 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36221 (BRH, MO); Mango Creek Hunt, D.R. 354 (BRH); Maya Center Balick, M.J. 3040 (BRH, NY); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 746 (MO). TOLEDO: Southern Highway Croat, T.B. 24187 (MO). Hirtella racemosa Lam. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 451). Note: The variety hexandra (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Prance is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Blossom Berry, Grenada, Uyamache, Wild Pigeon Plum. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bermudian Landing Rose-Innes, R. 295 (MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 3151 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1524 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32740 (MO); East Gate Goodwin, Z.A. 677 (BRH, E); Ibáñez García, A. 144 (E); Hill Bank Brown, C.M. 2 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 255A (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1862 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 7km South Price, R.H. 101 (E). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1055 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1244 (BRH, E). Licania hypoleuca Benth. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 455). Note: The variety hypoleuca is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Sir-che (shine tree). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Churchyard Lundell, C.L. 6963 (MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 2761 (MO). STANN CREEK: Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 292 (BRH, MO). Licania sparsipilis S.F. Blake Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 456). Local Name: Bastard Pigeon Plum. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 598 (BRH, MO). CLEOMACEAE Cleome guianensis Aubl. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 577), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: Maskall Whitefoord, C. 2183 (BM, MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 35 Cleome lanceolata (Mart. & Zucc.) H.H. Iltis Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Note: The subspecies oaxacensis H.H. Iltis is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 11032 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Indian Church Arnason, T. 17201 (MO); San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1682 (BRH, E). Cleome stenophylla Klotzsch ex Urb. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 580), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 10467 (MO). CLETHRACEAE Clethra mexicana DC. Syn: Clethra bimatris Standl. & Steyerm. Clethra lanata M. Martens & Galeotti. Ref: Standley et al. (1966: 78), Davidse et al. (2009: 410), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: TOLEDO: Temash River Schipp, W.A. 1343 (BRH, MO). Clethra occidentalis (L.) Kuntze Syn: Clethra hondurensis Britton Clethra macrophylla M. Martens & Galeotti. Ref: Standley et al. (1966: 76), Davidse et al. (2009: 409), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2485 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 726 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1212 (BM, BRH, MO). CLUSIACEAE Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 38). Note: The variety rekoi (Standl.) Standl. is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Santa Maria. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 272 (E), 328 (E). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4095 (MO). Clusia massoniana Lundell Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 44). Local Name: Chunup. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 391 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4086 (MO). Symphonia globulifera L. f. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 58). Note: The subspecies globulifera is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Can-i-lech, Corbán, K'han-leech, Leche Amarillo Macho, Waika Chewstick, Wycot. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Maya Center Balick, M.J. 3041 (BRH, MO); Placencia Balick, M.J. 3067 (BRH). Vismia camparaguey Sprague & L. Riley Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 60). Local Name: C'am-para-why, Can'tbe-helped, Ka'n-k'arhy, Old William, Ringworm Tree, Sak'-am-pa-ra-guáy, Wild Annato, Yellow Sangre. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12477 (MO); Gracie Rock MacDaniel, S. 14354 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 19 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 245 (E). Vismia macrophylla Kunth Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 60). Local Name: Ambara Guay, Kan'-an-para-guáy, Ringworm Plant. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14939 (MO). STANN CREEK: Placencia Balick, M.J. 3070 (BRH, MO). COCHLOSPERMACEAE Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Spreng. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 69). Local Name: Amapa, Chum, Comasuche, Cotton Flower, Pahote, Pochote, Wild Cotton. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: CAYO: Savannah Bank Goodwin, Z.A. 1789 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32736 36 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. (MO); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 183 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Gulliver, S. 9 (E). STANN CREEK: Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 45 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1246 (BRH, E). COMBRETACEAE Bucida buceras L. Syn: Terminalia buceras (L.) C. Wright. Ref: Standley & Williams (1962: 269), Davidse et al. (2009: 344). Local Name: Bullet Tree, Bully Tree, Pucte, Puk-te. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33164 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23283 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 24 Dieckman, L. 180 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 147B (E); Hill Bank Linares-Palomino, R. 13 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 495 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 759 (BRH, MO). Combretum laxum Jacq. Syn: Combretum mexicanum Humb. & Bonpl.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1962: 275), Davidse et al. (2009: 341). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23269 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 768 (BRH, MO). Conocarpus erectus L. Ref: Standley & Williams (1962: 275), Davidse et al. (2009: 345). Note: The variety erectus is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Botoncillo, Button-bush, Buttonwood, Kanche, White Mangrove. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Coast. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Sorenson, P.D. 7076 (MO), 7078 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1437 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 40 Goodwin, Z.A. 1132 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 13 Whitefoord, C. 2270 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32929 (BRH, MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32562 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ratter, J.A. 6650 (BRH). Terminalia amazonia (J.F. Gmel.) Exell Ref: Standley & Williams (1962: 278), Davidse et al. (2009: 344). Local Name: Bully Tree, Canxun, Guayabo, Nargusta, Pine Ridge Bully Tree, White Nargosta. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 75 (MO). CAYO: Spanish Lookout Rose-Innes, R. 254 (MO). TOLEDO: Big Creek Gentle, P.H. 4027 (MO). Terminalia macrostachya (Standl.) Stace Syn: Bucida macrostachya Standl.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1962: 271), Davidse et al. (2009: 344). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37043 (MO). Terminalia molinetii M. Gómez Syn: Bucida molinetii (M. Gómez) Alwan & Stace. Ref: Davidse et al. (2009). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7627 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 10703 (MO). COMMELINACEAE Commelina diffusa Burm. f. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 13), Davidse et al. (1994: 172). Local Name: Sacatinto Morado. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1016 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1475 (BRH, E). Commelina rufipes Seub. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 172). Note: The variety glabrata (D.R.Hunt) Faden & D.R.Hunt is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5151 (MO). Tripogandra grandiflora (Donn. Sm.) Woodson Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 38), Davidse et al. (1994: 170). Local Name: Kalenchoe. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1098 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 79 (BRH, MO). Tripogandra serrulata (Vahl) Handlos Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 650), Davidse et al. (1994: 170). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3719 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 37 CONNARACEAE Connarus lambertii (DC.) Sagot Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 485). Local Name: Can-shúl. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bermudian Landing Proctor, G.R. 30300 (BRH, MO); Butcher Burn Stevenson, N.S. 32 (BRH); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 3152 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12468 (MO); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14913 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 157 (E); East Gate, 3km Milton, J.J. 10 (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1838 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 2km South Papanikolaou, E. 1 (E). STANN CREEK: Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7885 (MO); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 118 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4197 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3836 (MO). Rourea glabra Kunth Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 487). Note: The variety glabra is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Byuco, Hackam. Habit: Climber/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1236 (BRH, E). CONVOLVULACEAE Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 6). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 127) suggest that the name Aniseia cernua Moric. has been misapplied to this species in Belize. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23968 (BRH, MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. S145 (BRH). Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 657), Standley & Williams (1970: 21). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9442 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 955 (MO), 956 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 15 Arvigo, R. 373 (NY); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2736 (BM). CAYO: Spanish Lookout Goodwin, Z.A. 1725 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 658 (BM, BRH, MO); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8271 (MO). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1695 (BRH, E). Evolvulus filipes Mart. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 658), Standley & Williams (1970: 21). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 127) suggest that the name Evolvulus filipes Mart. is a synonym of the name Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L.. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32787 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4186 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3890 (MO). Evolvulus frankenioides Moric. Ref: The Plant List (2010). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32888 (BRH, MO). Evolvulus sericeus Sw. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 658), Standley & Williams (1970: 24). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12800 (BRH, MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 33000 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10075 (MO), Huston, J.S. 545 (MO); Ladyville Dwyer, J.D. 10368A (MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 133 (BRH); The Place Whitefoord, C. 3119 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1539 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 29 Goodwin, Z.A. 1034 (E); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2347 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2752 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32783 (BM, MO); Hill Bank, 3km South Irving, H. 152 (E); Hill Bank, 4km South Espona, S.P. 5 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17138 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. S151 (BRH); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8283 (MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 324 (BM). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4057 (MO); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1387 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1297 (BRH, E); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1395 (BRH, E). Ipomoea anisomeres B.L. Rob. & Bartlett Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 662), Standley & Williams (1970: 30). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3850 (MO). Ipomoea heterodoxa Standl. & Steyerm. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 38). Local Name: Chin-na-ha, Cho-con-âb. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 971 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 40 (BRH, MO). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8057 (MO). 38 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 666), Standley & Williams (1970: 39). Local Name: Gloria de la Mañana. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway Worthington, R.D. 21397 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24048 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 211 (E). Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 666). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3617 (MO). Ipomoea minutiflora (M. Martens & Galeotti) House Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 667), Standley & Williams (1970: 42). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 740 (BRH, MO). Ipomoea sagittata Poir. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 49). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 212 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 255 (E). Ipomoea splendor-sylvae House Syn: Ipomoea umbraticola House. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 671). Local Name: Camotillo. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1131 (MO). Ipomoea trifida (Kunth) G. Don Syn: Ipomoea confertiflora Standl.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 672), Standley & Williams (1970: 58). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lamb, A.F.A. 38 (BRH). Ipomoea tuxtlensis House Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 672), Standley & Williams (1970: 59). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: CAYO: Western Highway, Mile 38 Gentle, P.H. 9357 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 156 (E). STANN CREEK: Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 421 (BRH, MO). Itzaea sericea (Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm. Syn: Bonamia brevipedicellata Myint & D.B. Ward. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 673), Standley & Williams (1970: 7, 62). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 7763 (MO); Jacinto Creek Gentle, P.H. 4954 (MO). Jacquemontia pentantha (Jacq.) G. Don Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 68). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Worthington, R.D. 24056 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 44 (MO). Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 68). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Blair Atholl Goodwin, Z.A. 1777 (BRH, E); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8473 (MO); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 387 (BM, BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3873 (MO). Merremia aturensis (Kunth) Hallier f. Syn: Ipomoea aphylla Standl. Jacquemontia aphylla Standl.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 72). Local Name: Lirio de San Antonio. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23904 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7632 (MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 144 (BRH); Tiger Sandy Bay Goodwin, Z.A. 1094 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 15 Vaughan, J.E. 279 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2330 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35713 (BRH); Schipp, W.A. 547 (BM, BRH, MO) Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8300 (BM); Sapodilla Lagoon Vincent, M.A. 6206 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1041 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1261 (BRH, E), 1265 (E); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1042 (E), 1388 (BRH, E); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3684 (MO); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1287 (BRH, E), 1305 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Muschamp, M. 2 (BRH, E). Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 73). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 13 Sutton, D.A. 188 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1672 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 711 (BRH, MO); Melinda Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 2167 (MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3782 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 39 Odonellia hirtiflora (M. Martens & Galeotti) K.R. Robertson Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 678). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1841 (MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3851 (MO). COSTACEAE Cheilocostus speciosus (J. König) C. Specht Syn: Costus speciosus (J. König) Sm.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 684), Specht & Stevenson (2006). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Cultivated. Voucher: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 63 (MO). CUCURBITACEAE Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. Ref: Nash (1976: 320), Davidse et al. (2009: 6). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1822 (MO). CYPERACEAE Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral Syn: Abildgaardia monostachya (L.) Vahl Fimbristylis monostachya (L.) Hassk.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 92), Davidse et al. (1994: 458). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Wiley, J.R. 238 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2579 (BM, MO). Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 93), Stevens et al. (2001: 734), Davidse et al. (1994: 453). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 235 (E). Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 94), Stevens et al. (2001: 734), Davidse et al. (1994: 454). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Boom Town O'Neill, H. 9017 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2303 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Northern Highway Croat, T.B. 23962 (MO). STANN CREEK: Hopkins Worthington, R.D. 24007 (MO); New Town Schipp, W.A. 919 (BM, BRH, MO). Bulbostylis hispidula (Vahl) R.W. Haines Syn: Abildgaardia hispidula (Vahl) Lye Scirpus hispidulus Vahl. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 735), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Hattieville MacDaniel, S. 14292 (MO). Bulbostylis junciformis (Kunth) C.B. Clarke Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 95), Stevens et al. (2001: 735), Davidse et al. (1994: 454). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3669 (MO). Bulbostylis juncoides (Vahl) Kük. ex Osten Syn: Bulbostylis arenaria (Nees) Lindm.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 96), Stevens et al. (2001: 735), Davidse et al. (1994: 454). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville MacDaniel, S. 14288 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 236 (E). Bulbostylis paradoxa (Spreng.) Lindm. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 96), Stevens et al. (2001: 735), Davidse et al. (1994: 453). Local Name: Bunch Grass. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1464 (BRH, E); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 3144 (BM, MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9739 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2318 (BM, MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4034 (BM, MO). Bulbostylis tenuifolia (Rudge) J.F. Macbr. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 97), Stevens et al. (2001: 736), Davidse et al. (1994: 454). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9460 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2468 (BM, MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4108 (MO); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3638 (MO). 40 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Carex polystachya Sw. ex Wahlenb. Syn: Carex bartlettii O'Neill. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 106), Davidse et al. (1994: 466). Note: The variety bartlettii (O'Neill) Standl. & Steyerm. is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: CAYO: Western Highway, Mile 41 Gentle, P.H. 9655 (MO). Cladium jamaicense Crantz Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 112), Davidse et al. (1994: 423). Local Name: Cutting Grass, Paint Brush Grass. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1439 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12642 (BM, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Croat, T.B. 23296 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37056 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32517 (BM, MO); Uacax Kai Goodwin, Z.A. 1439 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Rose-Innes, R. 293 (MO); Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 223 (E). Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl. Syn: Cyperus flavus (Vahl) Nees. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 432). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Whitefoord, C. 2185 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2291 (MO). CAYO: Spanish Lookout Ratter, J.A. 5198 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 188 (E). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3639 (MO). Cyperus compressus L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 120), Davidse et al. (1994: 429). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9463 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4137 (MO). Cyperus haspan L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 125), Stevens et al. (2001: 749), Davidse et al. (1994: 437). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37024 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9448 (MO), 9525 (MO), 9527 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32983 (BRH, MO); Ramamoorthy, T.P. 2787 (MO); Maskall O'Neill, H. 8952 (BM); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 23998 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 209B (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Whitefoord, C. 2530 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2724 (BM, MO). CAYO: Western Highway, Mile 38 Gentle, P.H. 9361 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 41 Gentle, P.H. 9650 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32830 (MO); Hill Bank Field Station Sharp, C.J. 4 (E). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8165 (MO), 8371 (MO); Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 7934 (MO), 8500 (MO); Hopkins Proctor, G.R. 35791 (BRH, MO); Sapon Road Gentle, P.H. 8032 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32467 (MO); Cow Pen Gentle, P.H. 4103 (BM); Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4136 (MO); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3834 (BM), 3843 (BM). Cyperus imbricatus Retz. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 126), Davidse et al. (1994: 428). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: TOLEDO: Big Creek Gentle, P.H. 4029 (MO). Cyperus ligularis L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 128), Davidse et al. (1994: 431). Local Name: Cutting-grass. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24066 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Whitefoord, C. 2193 (MO). Cyperus lundellii O'Neill Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 128), Davidse et al. (1994: 438). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32537 (BM, MO). Cyperus luzulae (L.) Rottb. ex Retz. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 129), Davidse et al. (1994: 436). Local Name: Sougk. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23908 (MO); Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8988 (BM). STANN CREEK: Big Creek Schipp, W.A. 107 (BM, BRH, MO). Cyperus ochraceus Vahl Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 132), Davidse et al. (1994: 435). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24007 (BRH, MO). Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 139), Davidse et al. (1994: 436). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 13 Whitefoord, C. 2194 (BM, MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 41 Eleocharis cellulosa Torr. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 146), Davidse et al. (1994: 460). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 15 Whitefoord, C. 2197 (BM). Eleocharis elegans (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 147), Davidse et al. (1994: 462). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 709 (MO). Eleocharis elongata Chapm. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 460). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 379 (BM). Eleocharis filiculmis Kunth Syn: Eleocharis sulcata Nees. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 149), Davidse et al. (1994: 464). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Double Head Cabbage Hedger, J.N. 292 (BM); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1015 (MO); Old Northern Highway, Mile 4 Davidse, G. 32860 (BM). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106253 (BM); Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 7753 (MO); San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6594 (MO). Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syn: Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) S.F. Blake. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 461). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 6980 (MO); Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8913 (BM); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 2764 (BM, MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9751 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33119 (MO); Hattieville Wiley, J.R. 237 (BM, MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1029 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1678 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Gentry, A.H. 7868 (MO); Salt Creek O'Neill, H. 8915 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 13 Sutton, D.A. 184 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2404 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32945 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32546 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Rancho Hedger, J.N. 298 (BM). STANN CREEK: New Town Schipp, W.A. 913 (BM, BRH, MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 736 (MO). Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 150), Davidse et al. (1994: 459). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bermudian Landing Rose-Innes, R. 298 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1057 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 15 Wiley, J.R. 99 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Ibáñez García, A. 259 (E). Eleocharis minima Kunth Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 150), Davidse et al. (1994: 463). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106261 (BM). Eleocharis minutissima Britton Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 151), Davidse et al. (1994: 463). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8343 (MO). Eleocharis mitrata Franch. & Sav. ex Makino Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 460). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2401 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8083 (MO). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106250 (BM); Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4170 (MO); San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6600 (MO). Eleocharis mutata (L.) Roem. & Schult. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 152), Davidse et al. (1994: 459). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3708 (BM). Eleocharis pachystyla (C. Wright) C.B. Clarke Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 464). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 377 (BM). Eleocharis retroflexa (Poir.) Urb. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 154), Davidse et al. (1994: 463). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 690 (BM, MO). Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 156), Davidse et al. (1994: 456). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Big Creek MacDaniel, S. 12966 (MO); Sapon Road Gentle, P.H. 8033 (MO), 8037 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4114 (MO). 42 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 156), Davidse et al. (1994: 456). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8493 (MO). TOLEDO: Cero Hill Gentle, P.H. 6346 (MO), 6829 (MO); San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6592 (MO), 6604 (MO), 6620 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3768 (MO). Fimbristylis cymosa (Lam.) R. Br. Syn: Fimbristylis spathacea Roth. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 456). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Coast. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2325 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32938 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 665 (BM, BRH, MO); Savannah Forest Station Hedger, J.N. 265 (BM). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3907 (MO). Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl Syn: Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roem. & Schult.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 157), Davidse et al. (1994: 457). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9450 (MO); Hattieville MacDaniel, S. 14294 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Access Road Whitefoord, C. 8058 (BM); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17863 (MO). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8273 (MO); Gentle, P.H. 8290 (MO); Sapon Road Gentle, P.H. 8129 (MO); Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7974 (MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4041A (BM, MO). Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 457). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32933 (MO). Fimbristylis littoralis Gaudich. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 456). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8274 (MO). TOLEDO: San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6606 (MO). Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl Syn: Fimbristylis castanea (Michx.) Vahl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 159), Davidse et al. (1994: 457). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Coast. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hedger, J.N. 289 (BM). STANN CREEK: Independence Dwyer, J.D. 617 (BRH, MO). Fimbristylis vahlii (Lam.) Link Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 159), Davidse et al. (1994: 455). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33131 (MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3871 (MO). Fuirena camptotricha C. Wright Syn: Fuirena bulbipes S.F. Blake. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 451). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23844 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9510 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32989 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1167 (MO), 1169 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24043 (BRH, MO), Gentry, A.H. 7877 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32880 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2560 (BM, MO), 2722 (BM, MO), 3137 (BM, MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32532 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32831 (MO); Hill Bank Access Road Whitefoord, C. 8056 (BM); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1824 (BRH, E); Rancho Davidse, G. 32895 (MO). STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 735 (MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 329 (BM); Tres Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8492 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32475 (MO); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3646 (MO). Fuirena umbellata Rottb. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 162), Davidse et al. (1994: 451). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 188A (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 781 (BM, BRH, MO). Kyllinga odorata Vahl Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 445). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2716 (BM, MO). Kyllinga pumila Michx. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 166), Davidse et al. (1994: 446). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8974 (BM). Lagenocarpus guianensis Nees Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 476). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 589 (BM, BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4160 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 43 Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv. Syn: Cyperus paniculatus Rottb. Cyperus polystachyos Rottb.. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 441), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Note: The variety laxiflorus (Benth.) C.B.Clarke is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 1004 (BM), 6988 (MO), 7004 (BM); Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8994 (BM), 8995 (BM), 8997 (BM), 8998 (BM); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9383 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Whitefoord, C. 2192 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Access Road Whitefoord, C. 8039 (BM), 8114 (BM). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8340 (MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3833 (MO). Rhynchospora barbata (Vahl) Kunth Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 170), Davidse et al. (1994: 420). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 4713 (MO), 6999 (MO); Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21274 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9522 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33201 (MO); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10087 (BRH, MO), Huston, J.S. 541 (MO); Lucky Strike Hedger, J.N. 305 (BM); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 6 (BRH), 31 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1683 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23273 (MO), O'Neill, H. 9021 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24082 (BRH, MO); Runaway Creek RCNP GR2 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 3128 (BM, MO); Tiger Sandy Bay Goodwin, Z.A. 1099 (BRH, E); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 49 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 208 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37041 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2316 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Blackburn & Indian Hill Work Goodwin, Z.A. 1165 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 1km South Ibáñez García, A. 280 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 16 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35727 (BM, BRH, MO); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8333 (MO); New Town Schipp, W.A. 910 (BM, BRH, MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Vincent, M.A. 6198 (MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 342 (BM). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1214 (BRH, E); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Bridgewater, S.G.M. 4072 (E); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3707 (MO); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1327 (BRH, E), 1347 (BRH, E); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1066 (BRH, E). Rhynchospora brachychaeta C. Wright Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 413). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32956B (MO). Rhynchospora brevirostris Griseb. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 411). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Cero Hill Gentle, P.H. 6348 (MO); San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6593 (MO). Rhynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 171), Davidse et al. (1994: 418). Local Name: Armadillo Grass, Sek. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23934 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1013 (MO); Tropical Education Center Hawkins, T. 1015 (BM, MO), Kay, E. 71 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Smith, A. 4 (E). STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 700 (MO); Silk Grass Goodwin, Z.A. 1187 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1229 (BRH, E). Rhynchospora chapmanii M.A. Curtis Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 413). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32510 (BM, MO). Rhynchospora colorata (L.) H. Pfeiff. Syn: Dichromena colorata (L.) Hitchc.. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 408). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33200 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Dwyer, J.D. 10931 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 O'Neill, H. 8880 (BM); Northern Highway, Mile 15 Crankshaw, W.B. 33 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 53 Hunt, D.R. 393 (BM); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Gentry, A.H. 7865 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23256 (BRH, MO). Rhynchospora contracta (Nees) J. Raynal Syn: Rhynchospora micrantha Vahl. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 408). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9412 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Access Road Whitefoord, C. 8136 (BM). Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 171), Davidse et al. (1994: 421). Note: The variety corymbosa is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24067 (BRH, MO). 44 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Rhynchospora curvula Griseb. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 171), Davidse et al. (1994: 420). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1837 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32993 (BM, MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10050 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2729 (BM, MO), 8342 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 209 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Crankshaw, W.B. 21 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2467 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 727 (MO); Savannah Forest Station Crankshaw, W.B. 19 (MO), Hunt, D.R. 337 (BM). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1042 (MO), Davidse, G. 32509 (MO); Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4099 (BM, MO), 4297 (MO). Rhynchospora divergens Chapm. ex M.A. Curtis Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 172), Davidse et al. (1994: 411). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33160 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14699A (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12615 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24080A (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23260 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 208A (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32950 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Field Station Caldwell, A.L. 3 (E); Rancho Davidse, G. 32916 (MO). Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 412). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: TOLEDO: Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1315 (BRH, E). Rhynchospora eximia (Nees) Boeck. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 173), Davidse et al. (1994: 410). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2382 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8082 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4107 (MO). Rhynchospora fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl Syn: Rhynchospora setacea Vahl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 173), Davidse et al. (1994: 414), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10039 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1681 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32949 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32804 (MO). STANN CREEK: New Town Schipp, W.A. 901 (BM, BRH, MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 705 (MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3645 (BM, MO). Rhynchospora filifolia A. Gray Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 413). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15075 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32956 (BM, MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10092 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37042 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 328 (BM). Rhynchospora filiformis Vahl Syn: Rhynchospora podosperma C. Wright. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 411). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 7000 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9385 (MO); Manatee Gentle, P.H. 3415 (MO); Runaway Creek RCNP GR1 (MO); Tropical Education Center Martínez, W. 7 (MO), 8 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2331 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2402 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8329 (MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3673 (BM, MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3868 (MO). Rhynchospora floridensis (Britton) H. Pfeiff. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 408). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32548 (MO). Rhynchospora globosa (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 174), Davidse et al. (1994: 420). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32995 (MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 7 (BRH), 109 (BRH); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Crankshaw, W.B. 56 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32847 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 3129 (BM); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36346 (MO), Martínez, W. 4 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37058 (MO). STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 731 (MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 341 (BM). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32506 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3747 (MO). Rhynchospora globularis (Chapm.) Small Syn: Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 415). Note: The variety globularis, the variety pinetorum (Britton & Small) Gale and the variety recognita Gale are used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 45 Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 4703 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9451 (MO), 9451A (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32984 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23966 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Gentry, A.H. 7872 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36343 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32805 (MO); Rancho Davidse, G. 32916A (MO). STANN CREEK: Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 366 (BRH). Rhynchospora harperi Small Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 413). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32882 (BRH, MO). Rhynchospora hassleri C.B. Clarke Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 421). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 15 Whitefoord, C. 2531 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32818 (BM, MO). Rhynchospora hirsuta (Vahl) Vahl Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 174), Davidse et al. (1994: 412). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9428 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35719 (BM, BRH, MO), Schipp, W.A. 676 (BM, BRH, MO); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8471 (MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 338 (BM). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106234 (BM); Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32483 (MO); Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4056 (BM, MO); San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6599 (MO), 6607 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3866 (BM, MO). Rhynchospora holoschoenoides (Rich.) Herter Syn: Rhynchospora cyperoides Mart.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 172), Davidse et al. (1994: 421). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 4717 (MO); Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37020 (MO), Worthington, R.D. 21315 (MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 2860 (BM); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9434 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12474 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32987 (MO), Wiley, J.R. 242 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1048 (MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 8 (BRH), 76 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 15 Wiley, J.R. 95 (BM, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23952 (MO), 23963 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Gentry, A.H. 7871 (BRH, MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2900 (BM, MO); Tropical Education Center Martínez, E. 1 (MO), 2 (MO), 5 (MO), 6 (MO), 9 (MO), 10 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23254 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37039 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2334 (BM, MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32547 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32832 (MO); Hill Bank Field Station Sharp, C.J. 3 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 17 (E), 38 (E), 41 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 790 (BM, BRH, MO); Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7949 (MO). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106218 (BM); Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32458 (MO); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Bridgewater, S.G.M. 4074 (E). Rhynchospora mexicana (Liebm.) Steud. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 420). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna/ Wetland. Voucher: TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4191 (MO). Rhynchospora microcarpa Baldwin ex A. Gray Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 415). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33169 (MO), 33192 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32949A (MO). ORANGE WALK: Rancho Davidse, G. 32925 (MO). STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 732 (MO). Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeck. Syn: Dichromena ciliata Vahl. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 408). Note: The subspecies ciliata (G.Mey.) T. Koyama is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8879 (BM); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 51 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1531 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Goodwin, Z.A. 681 (BRH, E). Rhynchospora nitens (Vahl) A. Gray Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 410). Note: The variety hispaniolica Kük. is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 13 Whitefoord, C. 2271 (BM, MO). Rhynchospora oligantha A. Gray Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 413). Note: The variety oligantha is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2912 (BM, MO). 46 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Rhynchospora plumosa Elliott Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 413). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1814 (MO) ; Hattieville Davidse, G. 32956A (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10048 (MO), 10414 (MO), Wiley, J.R. 240 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24036 (MO), Liesner, R.L. 1661 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32849 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 651B (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2314 (MO). STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 706 (MO), 714 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32511 (MO). Rhynchospora pusilla Chapm. ex M.A. Curtis Syn: Rhynchospora intermixta C. Wright. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 175), Davidse et al. (1994: 411). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9409 (MO); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10038 (MO), Huston, J.S. 540 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Dwyer, J.D. 10924 (MO), 10925 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Gentry, A.H. 7867 (BRH, MO). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8307 (MO); Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8496 (MO); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8480 (MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4102 (BM, MO). Rhynchospora radicans (Schltdl. & Cham.) H. Pfeiff. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 408). Note: The subspecies microcephala (Bertero ex Spreng.) W.W.Thomas and the subspecies radicans are both used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23939 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 14 (E). Rhynchospora rariflora (Michx.) Elliott Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 414). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32977 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10076B (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24036A (MO). Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 176), Davidse et al. (1994: 416). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7946 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32512 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3758 (MO). Rhynchospora tenerrima Nees ex Spreng. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 411). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9437 (MO), 9504 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23277 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32824 (BM, MO); Rancho Davidse, G. 32919 (MO). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8158 (MO); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8481 (MO). TOLEDO: Cero Hill Gentle, P.H. 6345 (MO); Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1048 (MO); Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5281 (MO). Rhynchospora tenuis Willd. ex Link Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 177), Davidse et al. (1994: 410). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4192 (MO). Rhynchospora trichodes C.B. Clarke Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 409). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: TOLEDO: San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6591 (MO). Rhynchospora triflora Vahl Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 178), Davidse et al. (1994: 422). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 23998A (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 789 (BRH, MO). Rhynchospora trispicata (Nees) Schrad. ex Steud. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 422). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2741 (MO). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8163 (MO). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106249 (BM); Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32471 (MO). Rhynchospora velutina (Kunth) Boeck. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 410). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 33005A (MO). Schoenus nigricans L. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 423). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33189 (BM, BRH, MO), Worthington, R.D. 24068 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1675 (BRH, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 40 Goodwin, Z.A. 1146 (BRH, E). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 47 Scleria bracteata Cav. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 185), Davidse et al. (1994: 481). Local Name: Cutting Grass, Razor Grass, Sacate Narjuela, Sawgrass. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33182 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1014 (MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 53 (BRH); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24001 (BRH, MO), Liesner, R.L. 1424 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 32 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 203 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 177 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 35 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 683 (BM, BRH, MO); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8066 (BM); Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8489 (BM); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 747 (MO); Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7896 (BM, MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32484 (BRH, MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3818 (MO). Scleria ciliata Michx. Syn: Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 185), Davidse et al. (1994: 481). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23964 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32889 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2597 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Rancho Davidse, G. 32928 (MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4167 (MO); Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4110 (BM, MO). Scleria distans Poir. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 478). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10076C (MO), Huston, J.S. 542 (MO), Wiley, J.R. 239 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24024 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2339 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2403 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 276 (E); Hill Bank, 4km South Caldwell, A.L. 2 (E). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8281 (MO). TOLEDO: Punta Gorda Gentle, P.H. 6748 (MO); San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6622 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3844 (MO). Scleria eggersiana Boeck. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 186), Davidse et al. (1994: 480). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24034A (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32835 (MO). Scleria georgiana Core Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 186), Davidse et al. (1994: 478). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 6976 (MO); Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8889 (BM); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9452 (MO), 9512 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33159 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32955 (BRH, MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10046 (MO), Wiley, J.R. 241 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1676 (MO), 1684 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14699 (BM, MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24080 (MO), Liesner, R.L. 1660 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23414 (BRH, MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10717 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Proctor, G.R. 36249 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2408 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8308 (MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 321 (BM). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4111 (BM, MO). Scleria hirtella Sw. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 186), Davidse et al. (1994: 478). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Wetland. Voucher: TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1242 (MO). Scleria interrupta Rich. Syn: Scleria pinetorum Britton. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 187), Davidse et al. (1994: 478). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 6991 (MO); Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23834 (MO); Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8896 (BM); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9422 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1679 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 8325 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2478 (BM, MO). TOLEDO: Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1314 (BRH, E). Scleria melaleuca Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham. Syn: Scleria pterota C. Presl Scleria pterota C. Presl var. melaleuca (Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham.) Uittien. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 482). Local Name: Monkey-razor. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23971 (BRH, MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24034 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Access Road Whitefoord, C. 8060 (BM). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3770 (MO). Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 189), Davidse et al. (1994: 481). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Mussell Creek O'Neill, H. 8897 (BM). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8325 (MO). TOLEDO: Machaca Hunt, D.R. 494 (BM, BRH). 48 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Scleria mitis P.J. Bergius Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 190), Davidse et al. (1994: 480). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: TOLEDO: San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6670 (MO). Scleria reticularis Michx. Syn: Scleria muehlenbergii Steud. Scleria reticularis Michx. var. pubescens Britton. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 192), Davidse et al. (1994: 484), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4042 (BM, MO), 4168 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3865 (MO), 3865A (MO). Scleria secans (L.) Urb. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 192), Davidse et al. (1994: 482). Local Name: Cutting Grass. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14939A (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4161 (MO); Machaca Hunt, D.R. 493 (BM, BRH). Scleria setuloso-ciliata Boeck. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 193), Davidse et al. (1994: 483). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Carib Reserve Smart, H.P. 40 (BRH). Scleria tenella Kunth Syn: Scleria areolata Lundell Scleria liebmannii (Liebm.) Steud. Scleria micrococca Muhl. ex Willd.. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 478). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23894 (MO); Hattieville MacDaniel, S. 14290 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4194 (MO). Scleria verticillata Muhl. ex Willd. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 194), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011), . Note: Balick et al. (2000: 185) suggest that this name has been misapplied to the species Scleria tenella Kunth in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3637 (BM, MO). Torulinium odoratum (L.) S.S. Hooper Syn: Cyperus acicularis (Schrad. ex Nees) Steud. Cyperus odoratus L.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 132), Davidse et al. (1994: 443). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland/ Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1127 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24009 (MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3750 (MO). CYRILLACEAE Cyrilla racemiflora L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 196). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Placencia Lentz, D. 2397A (NY). DILLENIACEAE Curatella americana L. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 2). Local Name: Chaparro, Saha, Sandpaper Tree, Yaha. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bermudian Landing Proctor, G.R. 30299 (BRH); Burrell Boom Jansen 1120 (MO), Pinkard, C. (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23946 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2767 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 10705 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32744 (BRH, MO); Hill Bank, 2km South Binder, M.D. 1 (E); Honey Camp Herlihy, P.H. 86 (BRH); Indian Church Arnason, T. s.n. (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35705 (MO); Schipp, W.A. 765 (BRH, MO); Hughes Estate Goodwin, Z.A. 1200 (BRH, E); Mango Creek MacDaniel, S. 12993 (MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 707 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32446 (MO). Davilla kunthii A. St.-Hil. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 4). Local Name: Chaparo, Chaparro, Cow's Tongue, Lengue de Vaca, Levisa, Oregano de Marte, Poor Man Sandpaper, Sandpaper Tree, Sarah Handkerchief, Si-hob. Habit: Climber/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Walker, J.B. 159 (BRH), 539 (BRH); Big Falls Lundell, C.L. 4009 (BM); Coastal Highway, Mile 5 Nee, M. 46889 (BRH, MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 33001 (MO); Old Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dieckman, L. 154A (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14963 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2691 (BM, MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 17 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 49 East Gate Goodwin, Z.A. 671 (BRH, E); Hill Bank Adeyanju, M.A. 1 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Brett, H.L. 1 (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1850 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 2km South Wangchuck, K. 8 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Gulliver, S. 6 (E); Tiger Creek Ruhsam, M. 3 (E). STANN CREEK: Dangriga Schipp, W.A. 483 (BM, BRH, MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 326 (BM); Silk Grass Balick, M.J. 3087 (BRH, NY). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1039 (MO), Davidse, G. 32455 (MO); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1344 (BRH, E); Southern Highway Gentry, A.H. 8067 (MO). Doliocarpus dentatus (Aubl.) Standl. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 7). Note: The subspecies dentatus is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Chaparo, Kak-ik-ach'am, Sarah Handkerchief. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8497 (MO); Placencia Balick, M.J. 3069 (BRH, MO). Tetracera volubilis L. Syn: Tetracera mollis Standl.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 9). Note: The subspecies mollis (Standl.) Kubitzki is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Lava Platos, Lebica, Lengua de Danto, Sa-hab. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3706 (MO). DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea composita Hemsl. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 58). Local Name: Wild Yam. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2488 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2573 (MO). Dioscorea floribunda M. Martens & Galeotti Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 154), Davidse et al. (1994: 59). Local Name: Pine Ridge Wild Yam. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8452 (MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3675 (MO). Dioscorea matagalpensis Uline Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 155), Davidse et al. (1994: 61). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1455 (BRH, E); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9461 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1427 (MO), 1434 (MO); Tropical Education Center Hawkins, T. 1014 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 3km South Jones, K.E. 3 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Goodwin, Z.A. 1720 (BRH, E); Silk Grass Goodwin, Z.A. 1181 (E). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1239 (BRH, E). DROSERACEAE Drosera capillaris Poir. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 400). Local Name: Spider Plant. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lamb, A.F.A. 39 (BRH); Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21379 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32959 (MO); International Airport Bartlett, H.H. 11261 (MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 161 (BRH); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1405 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2612 (MO), 2738 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2574 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 539 (BRH, MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 717 (MO). EBENACEAE Diospyros bumelioides Standl. Ref: Standley & Williams (1967: 246), Davidse et al. (2009: 613). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37026 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Tut, F.S. 2 (BRH, E). Diospyros salicifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Syn: Diospyros nicaraguensis (Standl.) Standl. Diospyros verae-crucis (Standl.) Standl. Diospyros yucantanensis Lundell. Ref: Standley & Williams (1967: 247, 250, 251), Davidse et al. 50 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. (2009: 615). Local Name: Guayabillo, Silion. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36205 (MO). ERIOCAULACEAE Eriocaulon fuliginosum C. Wright ex Griseb. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 376), Davidse et al. (1994: 179). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1661 (BRH, E), 1665 (BRH, E), 1671 (BRH, E); International Airport Liesner, R.L. 1665 (BM, MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 993 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1407A (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2376 (BM, MO). CAYO: More Tomorrow Goodwin, Z.A. 1750 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Goodwin, Z.A. 1806 (BRH, E); Tut, F.S. 3 (BRH, E); San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1674 (BRH, E), 1683 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Flour Camp Creek Goodwin, Z.A. 1768 (BRH, E), 1774 (BRH, E); Hughes Estate Goodwin, Z.A. 1755 (BRH, E); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 383 (BM). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106255 (BM); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Cucul, S. 1 (BRH, E). Eriocaulon kinlochii Moldenke Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 376), Davidse et al. (1994: 179). Note: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 376) suggest that the name Eriocaulon benthamii Kunth has been misapplied to this species in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32850 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: Flour Camp Creek Goodwin, Z.A. 1776 (BRH, E); Stann Creek Valley Kinloch, J.B. 213 (F—Type of Eriocaulon kinlochii). TOLEDO: Paynes Creek Ranger Station Ack, M. 1 (BRH, E), Ah, E.A. 3 (BRH, E). Eriocaulon schippii Standl. ex Moldenke Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 376), Davidse et al. (1994: 180). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 647 (BM, BRH, MO— Type of Eriocaulon schippii). Eriocaulon williamsii Moldenke Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 377), Davidse et al. (1994: 180). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 8341 (BM, MO). Paepalanthus belizensis Moldenke Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 181). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom McKee, H.S. 11373 (US—Type of Paepalanthus belizensis); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 10719 (BRH, MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32862 (MO). ENDEMIC. Paepalanthus gentlei Moldenke Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 377), Davidse et al. (1994: 181). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8547 (MICH); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 992 (MICH, MO, NY—Type of Paepalanthus gentlei); Old Northern Highway, Mile 20 Proctor, G.R. 29532 (BRH). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Goodwin, Z.A. 1804 (BRH, E). ENDEMIC. Paepalanthus lamarckii Kunth Syn: Paepalanthus pilosus (Kunth) Kunth var. microcephalus Moldenke. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 378), Davidse et al. (1994: 182). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bermudian Landing Lyon, J. 26 (MO); Double Head Cabbage Hedger, J.N. 291 (BM). CAYO: More Tomorrow Goodwin, Z.A. 1736 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Goodwin, Z.A. 1803 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 3km South Twinning, F.C. 1B (BRH, E); San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1673 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. S130 (BM, BRH, MO); Blair Atholl Goodwin, Z.A. 1778 (BRH, E); Flour Camp Creek Goodwin, Z.A. 1772 (BRH, E); Georgetown Goodwin, Z.A. 1763 (BRH, E); Hughes Estate Goodwin, Z.A. 1752 (BRH, E), 1754 (BRH, E); Mango Creek (4) Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1715 (BM, BRH, E); Placencia Walker, R.L. 1135 (MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3780 (MO—Type of Paepalanthus pilosus var. microcephalus). Syngonanthus bartlettii Moldenke Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 378), Davidse et al. (1994: 182). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: About 30 Miles From Belize Usher, A. 26 (NY); Aviation Field Bartlett, H.H. 11263A (NY), 11263B (NY). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Goodwin, Z.A. 1802 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 3km South Twinning, F.C. 1A (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Hughes Estate Goodwin, Z.A. 1751 (BRH, E). ENDEMIC. VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 51 Syngonanthus hondurensis Moldenke Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 379), Davidse et al. (1994: 183). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8543 (MICH—Type of Syngonanthus hondurensis); Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1664 (BRH, E). ENDEMIC. Syngonanthus lundellianus Moldenke Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 379), Davidse et al. (1994: 183). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8546 (MICH—Type of Syngonanthus lundellianus). ORANGE WALK: San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1675 (BRH, E). ENDEMIC. Syngonanthus oneillii Moldenke Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 379), Davidse et al. (1994: 183). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8548 (MICH—Type of Syngonanthus oneillii), 8549 (MICH, MO). ENDEMIC. Tonina fluviatilis Aubl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 380), Davidse et al. (1994: 184). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 693 (BM, BRH, MO). ERYTHROXYLACEAE Erythroxylum areolatum L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 391), Stevens et al. (2001: 835), Plowman & Hensold (2004). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 112) suggest that this name has been misapplied to the species Erythroxylum guatemalense Lundell in Belize. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9494 (MO). STANN CREEK: Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 325 (BM). Erythroxylum confusum Britton Ref: Plowman & Hensold (2004). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7630 (MO). Erythroxylum guatemalense Lundell Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 836), Plowman & Hensold (2004). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 112) suggest that the name Erythroxylum areolatum L. has been misapplied to this species in Belize. Local Name: Ka-ka-ti', Redwood, Ridge Redwood, Swamp Redwood, Wild Pepper. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna/ Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Coastal Highway, Mile 5 Nee, M. 46892 (BRH, MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9494 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12465 (MO), 12794 (BRH, MO); Gracie Rock MacDaniel, S. 14366 (MO), Ratter, J.A. 5204 (MO); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10058 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1023 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1686 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14976 (BRH, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 134 (MO); Parrots Wood Whitefoord, C. 2702 (BM, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 10707 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Whitefoord, C. 2267 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2342 (BM, MO), 2440 (BM, MO), 2445 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 260 (E), 264 (E). STANN CREEK: Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 271 (BM, BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1237 (BRH, E); Machaca Forest Station Whitefoord, C. 3312 (BM); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3643 (MO). Erythroxylum macrophyllum Cav. Syn: Erythroxylum tabascense Britton. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 837), Plowman & Hensold (2004). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Temash River Schipp, W.A. 1345 (BRH). Erythroxylum rotundifolium Lunan Syn: Erythroxylum obovatum Macfad.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 393), Stevens et al. (2001: 838), Plowman & Hensold (2004). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Goodwin, Z.A. 1523 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Dwyer, J.D. 10933 (MO), Gentry, A.H. 7656 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14703 (BRH, MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24013 (MO), Liesner, R.L. 1658 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 10704 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2439 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 314 (E); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 142 (E). 52 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. EUPHORBIACEAE Alchornea latifolia Sw. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 49). Local Name: Fiddlewood, Jack O Wood, Riverside Fiddlewood. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5168 (MO). Caperonia castaneifolia (L.) A. St.-Hil. Syn: Caperonia paludosa Klotzsch. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 56). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1669 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 12619 (BRH, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23951 (BRH, MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1652 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Whitefoord, C. 2529 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32811 (MO). Croton arboreus Millsp. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 38 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1506 (BRH, E). Croton glabellus L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 70). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 108) suggest that this name has been misapplied to the species Croton schiedeanus Schltdl. in Belize. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Churchyard Lundell, C.L. 6948 (MO). Croton hirtus L'Hér. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 73). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 233 (E). Croton lobatus L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 75). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 766 (BRH, MO). Croton repens Schltdl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 79). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1496 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8285 (MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4061 (MO); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Bridgewater, S.G.M. 4081 (E), Goodwin, Z.A. 1376 (BRH, E); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1402 (BRH, E). Croton trinitatis Millsp. Syn: Croton tragioides S.F. Blake. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 80). Local Name: Chichibe, Malva, Wild Sage. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: TOLEDO: San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6605 (MO). Dalechampia schippii Standl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 85). Local Name: La Salud. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Matamore Pine Ridge Nee, M. 46907 (BRH). STANN CREEK: Placencia Balick, M.J. 3668 (BRH); Sarawee Schipp, W.A. S181 (MO—Type of Dalechampia schippii Standl.). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1703 (BRH, E). ENDEMIC. Euphorbia blodgettii Engelm. ex Hitchc. Syn: Chamaesyce blodgettii (Engelm. ex Hitchc.) Small. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 94), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Chicken Weed. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Coast. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36203 (MO); Hopkins Proctor, G.R. 35785 (BRH, MO). Euphorbia hirta L. Syn: Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 104), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Chicken Weed. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1521 (MO), 1557 (MO). Euphorbia hypericifolia L. Syn: Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp. Euphorbia glomerifera (Millsp.) L.C. Wheeler. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 105), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Chicken Weed, Hierba de Zape. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Gentry, A.H. 8048 (BRH, MO); Northern Highway Spellman, D.L. 1446 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 53 Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. Syn: Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 105), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Chicken Weed Hembra, Wild Pisabed. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14986 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4205 (MO). Euphorbia lasiocarpa Klotzsch Syn: Chamaesyce lasiocarpa (Klotzsch) Arthur. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 860), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Red Herb. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Gentry, A.H. 8573 (MO). Euphorbia thymifolia L. Syn: Chamaesyce thymifolia (L.) Millsp.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 116), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Chicken Weed. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lamb, A.F.A. 42 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14706 (BRH, MO). Euphorbia xbacensis Millsp. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Worthington, R.D. 24072 (MO); Hattieville Wiley, J.R. 224 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1685 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 11029 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2306 (MO). Jatropha gaumeri Greenm. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 128). Habit: Tree/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 327 (E). Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 143). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 2754 (MO). Pera arborea Mutis Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 144). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Maya Center Balick, M.J. 3036 (BRH, MO); Placencia Balick, M.J. 3066 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4093 (MO). Pera barbellata Standl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 144). Local Name: Black Maya. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Matamore Pine Ridge Nee, M. 46899 (BRH). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 568 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Big Creek Gentle, P.H. 4025 (MO); Cattle Pass Gentle, P.H. 4454 (MO); Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4187 (MO). Sebastiania adenophora Pax & K. Hoffm. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 162). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 2757 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32760 (MO); Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 328 (E); Carmelita Davidse, G. 32828 (MO); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 140 (E), 166 (E). FABACEAE - CAESALPINIOIDEAE Bauhinia divaricata L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 91), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Cow Hoof, Cowfoot, Goat Hoof, Pata de Vaca, Small Bullhoof, Tsulubtok. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23413 (MO). Bauhinia ungulata L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 95), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Cow Foot Tree, Pie de Vaca. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Twinning, F.C. 3 (BRH, E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 246 (E). Caesalpinia gaumeri Greenm. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 101), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Axe Master, Bastard Logwood, Citinche, Peccary Wood, Quebra Hacha, Rudo del Monte, Warree Wood, Warriewood. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: San Felipe Bridgewater, S.G.M. 2570 (E). 54 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Caesalpinia yucatanensis Greenm. Syn: Caesalpinia recordii Britton & Rose. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 105), ILDIS (2010). Note: The subspecies yucatanensis is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Bastard Billy Webb, Can-chin, Canlo, Caramayo, Pecarry Wood, Warree Wood, Warriewood. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1106 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12238 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. S75 (MO). Chamaecrista desvauxii (Collad.) Killip Syn: Cassia bartlettii Standl.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 111), Irwin & Barneby (1982: 868), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety mollissima (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9492 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2505 (BM, MO), 2735 (BM); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14915 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35728 (BM, BRH, MO), Ratter, J.A. 6626 (E), Schipp, W.A. 557 (BM, BRH); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8166 (MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 312 (BM); Silk Grass Bridgewater, S.G.M. 4033 (E), Goodwin, Z.A. 1188 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1317 (BRH, E), 1345 (BRH, E). Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene Syn: Cassia diphylla L.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 113), Irwin & Barneby (1982: 891), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23840 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9404 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7642 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 954 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14715 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24073 (BRH); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32857 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2463 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 31 (E). STANN CREEK: Gentle, P.H. 8466 (MO); All Pines Schipp, W.A. 594 (BM, BRH, MO); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8314 (MO); Southern Highway Croat, T.B. 24193 (MO). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106223 (BM); Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1040 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1268 (BRH, E); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1048 (E), 1379 (BRH, E); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3629 (MO); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1061 (E), 1392 (BRH, E). Chamaecrista fagonioides (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Syn: Cassia fagonioides Vogel Cassia killippii Rose. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 118), Irwin & Barneby (1982: 661), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety fagonioides is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 694 (BM, BRH, MO); Melinda Forest Station Proctor, G.R. 36527 (MO); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8541 (MO). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1712 (BRH, E); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1707 (BRH, E). Chamaecrista flexuosa (L.) Greene Syn: Cassia flexuosa L.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 115), Irwin & Barneby (1982: 698), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety flexuosa is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 6990 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9386 (MO), 9405 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15072 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7654 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1426 (BRH, E); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24010 (BRH); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2715 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 28-32 Worthington, R.D. 21318 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2464 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Field Station Sharp, C.J. 1 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 228 (E), 241 (E); Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1477 (BRH, E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 5 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 637 (BM, BRH, MO); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8293 (MO). TOLEDO: Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1052 (E), 1375 (BRH, E). Chamaecrista hispidula (Vahl) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Syn: Cassia hispidula Vahl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 117), Irwin & Barneby (1982: 661), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Whitefoord, C. 2540 (BM, MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 3147 (BM); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9475 (MO); International Airport Dwyer, J.D. 12153 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 318 (E), 340 (E); Hill Bank Sharp, C.J. 2 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 225 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Davies, C.J.J. 1 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Galley, C.A. 13 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 13 (E). STANN CREEK: Hughes Estate Goodwin, Z.A. 1195 (BRH, E). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 55 Chamaecrista kunthiana (Schltdl. & Cham.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Syn: Cassia kunthiana Schltdl. & Cham.. Ref: Irwin & Barneby (1982: 724), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: Lamb, A.F.A. 50 (BRH). BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9417 (MO), 9521 (MO); International Airport Dwyer, J.D. 12152 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Crankshaw, W.B. 8 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2482 (BM), 8335 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1118 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 3km South Galley, C.A. 12 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 638 (BM, BRH, MO); Hughes Estate Goodwin, Z.A. 1194 (BRH, E); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8448 (MO). TOLEDO: Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1380 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Goodwin, Z.A. 1335 (BRH, E). Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench Syn: Cassia biglandulosa Bertol. Cassia nictitans L. Cassia wilsonii (Britton & Rose) Standl.. Ref: Irwin & Barneby (1982), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety jaliscensis (Greenm.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, the variety pilosa (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby and the variety ramosa (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby are all used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Sim-sim. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9474 (MO); International Airport Dwyer, J.D. 12148 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 974 (MO); Sand Hill Sousa S, M. 12192 (MO). CAYO: Spanish Lookout Proctor, G.R. 29472 (BRH). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Access Road Whitefoord, C. 8113 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 720 (BM, BRH, MO); Dangriga Schipp, W.A. 490 (BM, BRH, MO); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8463 (MO); Silk Grass Creek Gentle, P.H. 8237 (MO). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1225 (BRH, E); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3904 (MO). Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Greene Ref: Irwin & Barneby (1982), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety grandiflora (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize, not variety rotundifolia as cited in Balick et al. (2000). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1489 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32485 (BRH, MO); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Goodwin, Z.A. 1275 (BRH, E). Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith Syn: Dialium divaricatum (Willd.) Vahl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 136), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Ironwood, Paleta, Tamarindo, Uapake, Uhee-tee, Wild Tamarind. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5135 (MO). Haematoxylum campechianum L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 139), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Ek, Logwood, Tinta. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Goodwin, Z.A. 1533 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14982 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12000 (MO, MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32545 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 317 (E); Hill Bank, 1km South Vandrot, H. 2 (E). Hymenaea courbaril L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 141), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Broken Ridge Locust, Go Bey, Guapinol, Locust, Locust Bark, South American Copal. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1471 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 741 (BRH, MO). Senna hayesiana (Britton & Rose) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Syn: Cassia maxonii (Britton & Rose) Schery. Ref: ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Dulcesillo, Frijolillo del Monte, John Crow Bead, La-moosh. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1012 (MO). STANN CREEK: Silk Grass Village Balick, M.J. 3081A (BRH, MO). Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Ref: ILDIS (2010). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9395 (MO). Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Syn: Cassia tora L.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 129), ILDIS (2010). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 88) suggest that the name Cassia tora L. (the basionym of Senna tora (L.) Roxb.) has been misapplied to Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby in Belize. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1413 (MO). 56 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Senna undulata (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Syn: Cassia undulata Benth.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 130), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Dulia, John Crow Bead, Karaban-se-ché. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15091 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2437 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 312 (E); Hill Bank Access Road Whitefoord, C. 8134 (BM); Tower Hill Croat, T.B. 24937 (MO). STANN CREEK: Hummingbird-Southern Highway Intersection Balick, M.J. 3029 (BRH, MO); Placencia Balick, M.J. 3074 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1028 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1243 (BRH, E); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3636 (MO). FABACEAE - FABOIDEAE Aeschynomene americana L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 158), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety glandulosa (Poir. ex Lam.) Rudd is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Mullins River Robertson, J. 68 (BM); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 319 (BM, MO). Aeschynomene filosa Mart. ex Benth. Ref: ILDIS (2010). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32990 (MO). Aeschynomene histrix Poir. Syn: Aeschynomene elegans Schltdl. & Cham.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 161), Stevens et al. (2001: 956), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety incana Benth. is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9507 (MO). CAYO: Spanish Lookout Goodwin, Z.A. 1728 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1488 (BRH, E); Tiger Creek Russell, A. 8 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 628 (BM, BRH, MO). Aeschynomene paniculata Willd. ex Vogel Syn: Aeschynomene laevis M. Martens & Galeotti. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 161), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 975 (MO); Old Northern Highway, Mile 20 Proctor, G.R. 29534 (BM, BRH). ORANGE WALK: San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1685 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36571 (BM, MO), Schipp, W.A. 660 (BM, BRH, MO). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106236 (BM); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3884 (MO). Aeschynomene pratensis Small Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 957), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety caribaea Rudd is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Sand Hill Sousa S, M. 12193 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32465 (BRH, MO). Aeschynomene rudis Benth. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 957), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Qua-ra-kish, Qua-ra-kàsh. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33158 (MO). Aeschynomene sensitiva Sw. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 162), Stevens et al. (2001: 958), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Cork Wood. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8370 (MO); Hopkins Proctor, G.R. 35799 (BM, BRH, MO); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 64 (BM, BRH, MO). Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 959), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1698 (BRH, E). Andira inermis (W. Wright) Kunth ex DC. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 164), ILDIS (2010). Note: The subspecies inermis is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Almendro, Ball Seed, Barley Wood, Bastard Cabbage Bark, Black Blossomberry, Cabbage Bark, Carbón, Chaperno, Cirvelillo, Cornwood, Frijolollo, Iximche, Palo Sangre, Red Cabbage Bark. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 6986 (MO); Boom Town MacDaniel, S. 14327 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 11030A (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 57 Ateleia pterocarpa D. Dietr. Ref: ILDIS (2010). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 95) suggest that this species does not occur in Belize. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 705 (BRH, MO). Calopogonium caeruleum (Benth.) C. Wright Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 171), Stevens et al. (2001: 963). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5176 (MO). Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 172), Stevens et al. (2001: 963), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Pica Pica. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3879 (MO). Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. Syn: Canavalia maritima (Aubl.) Urb.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 176), Stevens et al. (2001: 966), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Johnny Foster Bean. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Coast. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3619 (MO). Canavalia villosa Benth. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 177), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Cow Itch. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1157 (MO). Centrosema angustifolium (Kunth) Benth. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 179), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 579 (BRH). Centrosema pubescens Benth. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 180), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Keng'-tièk, Keng'-tiúk, White Bell. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Sittee Schipp, W.A. 732 (BRH, MO). Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 181), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Gales Point Ratter, J.A. 6603 (BRH); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2290 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. S194 (BM, BRH). Clitoria falcata Lam. Syn: Clitoria rubiginosa Juss. ex Pers.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 186), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: CAYO: More Tomorrow Goodwin, Z.A. 1743 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 573 (BM, BRH, MO); Silk Grass Balick, M.J. 3089 (NY). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106251 (BM); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1701 (BRH, E); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3631 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3876 (MO). Clitoria guianensis (Aubl.) Benth. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 185), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Mauve Bell. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1444 (BRH, E); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2502 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: Melinda Forest Station Proctor, G.R. 36529 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4088 (MO). Crotalaria pallida Aiton Syn: Crotalaria mucronata Desv.. Ref: ILDIS (2010). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Coast. Voucher: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14700 (BM, MO). Crotalaria pumila Ortega Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 198), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Worthington, R.D. 24065 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1692 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Dwyer, J.D. 10927 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1433 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 195 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 659 (MO). Crotalaria retusa L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 199), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Coast. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 12 Wiley, J.R. 205A (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23261 (MO), Whitefoord, C. 2191 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 4 Sousa S, M. 12140 (BM, MO). Crotalaria sagittalis L. Syn: Crotalaria belizensis Lundell. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 199), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1657 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 8351 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2475 (BM). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 226 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 548 (BM, BRH, MO); Hughes Estate 58 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Goodwin, Z.A. 1758 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106233 (BM); Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4144 (MO—Type of Crotalaria belizensis); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3630 (MO). Dalbergia brownei (Jacq.) Schinz Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 202), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Red Fowl. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Coast. Voucher: BELIZE: Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12378 (BRH, MO). Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 203), Stevens et al. (2001: 986), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Chaperno, Dogwood. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Coast. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3621 (MO). Dalbergia glabra (Mill.) Standl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 204), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Cibix, Logwood Brush, Muk. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Gales Point Ratter, J.A. 6610 (BRH); Western Highway, Mile 24 Goodwin, Z.A. 1071 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 330 (E); Hill Bank Bridgewater, S.G.M. 299 (E). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Schipp, W.A. 810 (BRH, MO). Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 224), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Wild Senna. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9415 (MO); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10046 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24003 (MO), 24076 (BRH, MO), Liesner, R.L. 1421 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 8354 (BM). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Access Road Whitefoord, C. 8186 (BM); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 230 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Braidwood, D.W. 1 (BRH, E); San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1550 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 687 (BM, BRH, MO); Hughes Estate Goodwin, Z.A. 1196 (BRH, E); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8467 (MO); Placencia Walker, R.L. 1132 (MO); Silk Grass Road Gentle, P.H. 8088 (MO); Stann Creek Schipp, W.A. 489 (BM, BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1266 (BRH, E); San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6623 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3785 (MO). Desmodium incanum DC. Syn: Desmodium canum (J.F. Gmel.) Schinz & Thell. Desmodium frutescens Schindl.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 225), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Amor Seco, Strong Back, Sá-rá. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24072 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1556 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1113 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Middlesex Schipp, W.A. 372 (BM, BRH, MO). Desmodium scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 238), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Stann Creek Schipp, W.A. 841 (BRH, MO). Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 241), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 702 (BM, BRH, MO). Dioclea virgata (Rich.) Amshoff Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 244), Stevens et al. (2001: 1002), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3914 (MO). Dioclea wilsonii Standl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 243), ILDIS (2010). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 91) suggest that the name Dioclea reflexa Hook. f. has been misapplied to this species in Belize. Local Name: Horse Eye Seed, Horse's Eyes, Ojo de Venado, Toro-k'och, Wild Jicama, Wild Sembe Beans. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 700 (BM, BRH, MO). Diphysa americana (Mill.) M. Sousa Syn: Diphysa carthaginensis Jacq. Diphysa robinioides Benth.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 245), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Susuk, Tsutsuc, Warrie Wood, Wild Ruda, Wild Rue. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1565 (BRH, E); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7636 (BRH, MO); Maskall Goodwin, Z.A. 1522 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Rancho Davidse, G. 32891 (MO). Eriosema crinitum (Kunth) G. Don Syn: Eriosema crinitum (Kunth) G. Don var. fusiforme (Rusby) Grear Eriosema fusiformis Rusby Eriosema pinetorum Standl. Eriosema pulchellum (Kunth) G. Don. Ref: Standley & Steyermark VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 59 (1946b: 250), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety crinitum and the variety pulchellum Benth. are both used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1522 (MO), 1550 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Tut, F.S. 1 (BRH, E); Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1498 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 584 (BRH, MO—Type of Eriosema pinetorum), 772 (BM, BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4058 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1223 (BRH, E), 1224 (BRH, E). Eriosema diffusum (Kunth) G. Don Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 250), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36567 (BM, MO), Schipp, W.A. 601 (BM, BRH, MO). Erythrina standleyana Krukoff Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 258), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Chacmolche, Coama Wood, Colorin, Sumpancle, Tiger Wood. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32821 (MO). Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. Syn: Gliricidia maculata (Kunth) Walp.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 265), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Hotz, Madre Cacao, Mother of Coffee, Xabyaab. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bermudian Landing Balick, M.J. 3304 (NY); Hattieville Huston, J.S. 564 (MO); Maskall Arvigo, R. 377 (BRH, MO, NY), Gentle, P.H. 1138 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Dwyer, J.D. 10934 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 12 (BRH, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 10701 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 136 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 482 (E); Hill Bank, 4km South Espona, S.P. 9 (E). STANN CREEK: Hughes Estate Goodwin, Z.A. 1199 (BRH, E); Placencia Balick, M.J. 3663 (BRH); Silk Grass Goodwin, Z.A. 1179 (BRH, E). Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 270), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 563 (BM, BRH, MO). Lonchocarpus heptaphyllus (Poir.) DC. Ref: ILDIS (2010). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 10720 (MO). Lonchocarpus hondurensis Benth. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 279), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Cabbage Bark, Jabin del Agua, Logwood, Turtle Bone, Waterside Swamp Dogwood. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24058 (MO). Lonchocarpus rugosus Benth. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 283), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Black Cabbage Bark, Ca'an Xin, Canacin, Canasin, Chaperno, Selek-chi, Twisted Mouth. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12237 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 699 (BRH, MO), 760 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1704 (BRH, E); Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4148 (MO); Southern Highway Croat, T.B. 24188 (MO). Machaerium biovulatum Micheli Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 292), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Climber/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8078 (MO). Macroptilium gracile (Benth.) Urb. Syn: Phaseolus gracilis Poepp. ex Benth.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 325), Stevens et al. (2001: 1034), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2713 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2363 (BM). CAYO: Spanish Lookout Goodwin, Z.A. 1724 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Goodwin, Z.A. 1807 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 11 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 729 (BM, BRH); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 304 (BM). TOLEDO: Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1378 (BRH, E). Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb. Syn: Phaseolus lathyroides L.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 326), Stevens et al. (2001: 1034), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Rat Bean. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24068 (BRH); Sand Hill Sousa S, M. 12191 (BRH). 60 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Ormosia velutina Rudd Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 1040), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Pine-ridge Grande Betty. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5400 (MO); Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4145 (MO—Type of Ormosia velutina). Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 313), Stevens et al. (2001: 1041), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Wild Hicama, Yam Bean. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1815 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Rancho Davidse, G. 32914 (BRH, MO). Pachyrhizus ferrugineus (Piper) M. Sørensen Syn: Pachyrhizus vernalis R.T. Clausen var. linearifoliolus R.T. Clausen Pachyrhizus vernalis R.T. Clausen var. vernalis. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 1042), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: La Disgracea, Wild Hicama. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12236 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 44 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 487 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 718 (BM, BRH, MO); Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8502 (MO), 8513 (MO); Silk Grass Road Gentle, P.H. 8087 (MO). Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 336), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Dogwood, Habim, Iguano Blossom, Jabin, Jabine, May Bush, May tree, Palo de Gusano, Tiaxib, Wormwood. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 798 (BRH, MO). Rhynchosia americana (Mill.) Metz Ref: ILDIS (2010). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 227 (E). Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. Syn: Rhynchosia mexicana Hook. & Arn.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 345), Grear (1978), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Irving, H. 173 (E). Rhynchosia swartzii (Vail) Urb. Ref: Grear (1978), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32799 (BRH, MO). Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 349), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2516 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32494 (BRH, MO). Stylosanthes humilis Kunth Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 350), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23843 (MO). Stylosanthes viscosa Sw. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 350), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9391 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1435 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 216 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 229 (E). Tephrosia nitens Benth. ex Seem. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 356), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23902 (MO); Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1454 (BRH, E); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9477 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32972 (BM, MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2683 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 10 (E). STANN CREEK: Mullins River Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8545 (MO); Silk Grass Bridgewater, S.G.M. 4047 (E). Tephrosia rhodantha Brandegee Ref: ILDIS (2010). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35714 (BRH), Schipp, W.A. 685 (BRH). Vigna linearis (Kunth) Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier Syn: Phaseolus linearis Kunth. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 1072), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety latifolia (Benth.) Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1547 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1222 (BRH, E); VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 61 Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1288 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Goodwin, Z.A. 1281 (BRH, E); San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6690 (MO). Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 367), ILDIS (2010). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 95) suggest that this name has been misapplied to the species Zornia reticulata Sm. in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: CAYO: Savannah Bank Goodwin, Z.A. 1795 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 254B (E). Zornia reticulata Sm. Ref: ILDIS (2010). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 95) suggest that the name Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. has been misapplied to this species in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23893 (MO); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10086 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 953 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12009 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 38 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Crankshaw, W.B. 52 (MO), Spellman, D.L. 1540 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1476 (BRH, E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 4 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 516 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4089 (MO). FABACEAE - MIMOSOIDEAE Abarema idiopoda (S.F. Blake) Barneby & J.W. Grimes Syn: Albizia idiopoda (S.F. Blake) Britton & Rose Pithecellobium halogenes Standl. Pithecellobium idiopodum S.F. Blake. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 16), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Bastard Tamarind, Salem. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Silk Grass Road Gentle, P.H. 8089 (MO); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 314 (MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4012 (MO); San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6712 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 4017 (MO). Acacia collinsii Saff. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 6), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Bull's Horn Acacia, Cockspur, Subin, Zubin. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 20 Croat, T.B. 23298 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1508 (BRH, E); East Gate Goodwin, Z.A. 678 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 51 Hunt, D.R. 390 (BM). Acacia cookii Saff. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 7), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Ant Thorn, Cockspur, Huascanal, Liscanal, Subin. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Monkey Bay Woo, J. 132 (BRH). Acacia gentlei Standl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 9), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Cockspur, Red Cockspur, Zubin. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5165 (MO). Calliandra belizensis (Britton & Rose ex Standl.) Standl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 20), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 48 Sousa S, M. 41588 (MO). Calliandra houstoniana (Mill.) Standl. Syn: Calliandra confusa Sprague & Riley. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 24), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety calothyrsus (Meisn.) Barneby and the variety houstoniana are both used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Cha'-leeb, Icumpich, Junker Wood. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37034 (BM, BRH, MO); Colonel English Creek Rose-Innes, R. 211 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1008 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14981 (BRH, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 44 Stevenson, D.W. 1137 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1412 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 13 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 18 Sousa S, M. 12136 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 28-32 Worthington, R.D. 21289 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2346 (BM). CAYO: Spanish Lookout Ratter, J.A. 5197 (E). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32796 (MO); Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 319 (E); Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1108 (BRH, E); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 125 (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1820 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 51 Sutton, D.A. 158 (BM). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 657 (BM, MO). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1230 (BRH, E). 62 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Calliandra tergemina (L.) Benth. Syn: Calliandra emarginata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Benth. Pithecellobium emarginatum (Humb. & Bonpl.) Benth.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 22), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety emarginata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Barneby is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Old Man's Beard. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 42 (BRH, MO). CAYO: Savannah Bank Goodwin, Z.A. 1791 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 153 (E); Hill Bank, 7km South Price, R.H. 102 (E). Cojoba graciliflora (S.F. Blake) Britton & Rose Syn: Cojoba donnell-smithii Britton & Rose Pithecellobium donnellsmithii (Britton & Rose) Standl. Pithecellobium gentlei Lundell Pithecellobium graciliflorum S.F. Blake Pithecellobium schippii Lundell. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 72), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Bul-xiu, Chác-lac-té, Frijolillo, Hierba del Frijol, John Crow Bead, Poma, Sha'subin, Wak-ut. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: Bridgewater, S.G.M. 2756 (E). BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9526 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1021 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32538 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 698 (BRH, MO); New Town Schipp, W.A. 823 (BRH, MO). Cojoba recordii Britton & Rose Syn: Pithecellobium erythrocarpum Standl.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 74), ILDIS (2010). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 83) suggest that this name is a synonym of the species Cojoba graciliflora (S.F. Blake) Britton & Rose. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1149 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 295 (E). Desmanthus pubescens B.L. Turner Ref: ILDIS (2010). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33176 (MO). Entada rheedii Spreng. Ref: ILDIS (2010). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 83) suggest that the name Entada gigas (L.) Fawc. & Rendle may be a synonym of this species. Local Name: Iguana Tail. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7926 (MO). Havardia albicans (Kunth) Britton & Rose Syn: Acacia albicans Kunth Albizia lundellii Standl. Pithecellobium albicans (Kunth) Benth.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 69), Britton & Rose (1928), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 135 (E). Inga pinetorum Pittier Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 42), Pennington (1997), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Pineridgito, Tamatama. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36217 (MO), Schipp, W.A. 767 (BM, BRH, MO); Melinda Forest Station Robertson, J. 149 (BM). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1238 (BRH, E); Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4149 (MO). Inga punctata Willd. Syn: Inga leptoloba Schltdl.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 42), Pennington (1997), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Narrow-leaved Bri-bri. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Placencia Balick, M.J. 3071 (BRH, MO). Inga thibaudiana DC. Syn: Inga recordii Britton & Rose. Ref: Pennington (1997), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Bri Bri Macho, Bri-bri, Broken Ridge Bribri, Rose Apple. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Robertson, J. 192 (BM); Placencia Balick, M.J. 3072 (BRH, MO); Silk Grass Road Gentle, P.H. 8138 (MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3691 (MO). Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth. Syn: Lysiloma bahamense Benth.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 50), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Chalan, Rain Tree, Salaam, Salam, Salem, Salom. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 326 (E). Mimosa albida Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 53), Stevens et al. (2001: 1490), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety strigosa (Willd.) B.L. Rob. is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1457 (BRH, E); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 972 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 168 (E); Tiger Creek Ridley, R. 3 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 704 (BM, BRH, MO); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8476 (MO). TOLEDO: VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 63 Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32464 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1228 (BRH, E), 1258 (BRH, E); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3753 (MO). Mimosa asperata L. Syn: Mimosa pigra L. var. berlandieri (A. Gray ex Torr.) B.L. Turner. Ref: ILDIS (2010). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 187 (E). Mimosa bahamensis Benth. Syn: Mimosa hemiendyta Rose & B.L. Rob.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 57), Rudd (1969), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Bastard Logwood, Catseem Logwood, Citsim, Katsim, Logwood Brush, Raintree, White Logwood Brush. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Huston, J.S. 562 (MO), MacDaniel, S. 14269 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12013 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24061 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Hunt, D.R. 395 (BM); East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 265 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Baba, Y. 1 (E). Mimosa hirsutissima Mart. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 1492), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 42 Grether, R. 1984 (MO). Mimosa pellita Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Ref: ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Sensitive Weed. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Orange Walk Sousa S, M. 12054 (BRH). Mimosa pigra L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 59), Stevens et al. (2001: 1494), ILDIS (2010). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 84) suggest that this name may have been misapplied to the species Mimosa pellita Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. in Belize. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 485 (E). Mimosa pudica L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 60), Stevens et al. (2001: 1495), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety unijuga (Duchass. & Walp.) Griseb. is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Sensible Plant, Twelve O'Clock. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Hedger, J.N. 275 (BM). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 692 (BM, BRH, MO); Mullins River Robertson, J. 58 (BM); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 318 (BM). Mimosa quadrivalvis L. Syn: Mimosa candollei R. Grether Schrankia leptocarpa DC. Schrankia quadrivalvis (L.) Merr.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 87), ILDIS (2010). Note: The variety leptocarpa (DC.) Barneby is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2682 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32746 (MO). Mimosa somnians Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 63), Stevens et al. (2001: 1495), ILDIS (2010). Note: The subspecies somnians and the subspecies viscida (Willd.) Barneby are both used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23892 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9416 (MO); Gales Point Nee, M. 46908 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24002 (MO); Sand Hill Sousa S, M. 12196 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2493 (BM). CAYO: More Tomorrow Goodwin, Z.A. 1738 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Blackburn & Indian Hill Work Goodwin, Z.A. 1157 (BRH, E); Hill Bank Irving, H. 168 (E), Linares-Palomino, R. 6 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Heller, T.M. 7 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 691 (BM, BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1036 (MO). Pithecellobium keyense Britton Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 76). Local Name: X-coy, Xa-coy. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Coast. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 748 (BRH, MO). Pithecellobium lanceolatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Benth. Syn: Pithecellobium pachypus Pittier. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 76), Stevens et al. (2001: 1501), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Bastard Bully Tree, Chucum, Red Fawl. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7655 (MO); Maskall Goodwin, Z.A. 1515 (BRH, E), Sutton, D.A. 166 (BM); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1429 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14712 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12196 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24037A (MO), 24037 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2508 (BM, MO), 3120 (BM); 64 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 8 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 28 Whitefoord, C. 9592 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2572 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 5 Wiley, J.R. 210 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1579 (BRH, E); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 129 (E), 165 (E); Hill Bank Linares-Palomino, R. 4 (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1852 (BRH, E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17195 (MO); Northern Highway Whitefoord, C. 2164 (BM). Pithecellobium macrandrium Donn. Sm. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 78), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Prickle Wood, Puma. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Parrots Wood Whitefoord, C. 2585 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Rancho Davidse, G. 32909 (MO). Pithecellobium oblongum Benth. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 1502), ILDIS (2010). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 200 (MO). Zygia conzattii (Standl.) Britton & Rose Syn: Pithecellobium recordii (Britton & Rose) Standl.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 80), ILDIS (2010). Local Name: Turtle Bone, Turtlebone. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24065 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3601 (MO). FAGACEAE Quercus oleoides Schltdl. & Cham. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 386). Local Name: Live Oak, Oak. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bermudian Landing Proctor, G.R. 30302 (BRH); Churchyard Lundell, C.L. 6964 (MO); Cornhouse Creek Bartlett, H.H. 11313 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32858 (BRH, MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 46 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 10 MacDaniel, S. 13072 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Whitefoord, C. 2266 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1529 (MO), Wunderlin, R.P. 366 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2486 (MO). CAYO: Savannah Bank Goodwin, Z.A. 1786 (BRH, E), 1788 (BRH, E); Spanish Lookout Arvigo, R. 982 (BRH, MO, NY), Ratter, J.A. 5182 (MO), RoseInnes, R. 255 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 294 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Prickett, R.M. 1 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17840 (MO); San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1689 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8355 (MO); Placencia Balick, M.J. 3062 (BRH, MO), Lentz, D. 2701 (BRH); Sapodilla Lagoon Vincent, M.A. 6189 (MO); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 209 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Bladen Nature Reserve Nee, M. 46955 (BRH, MO); Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4072 (MO), 4156 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1245 (BRH, E), 1270 (BRH, E); Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4162 (MO); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1384 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Goodwin, Z.A. 1338 (BRH, E); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3796 (MO). Quercus purulhana Trel. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 392). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: CAYO: Savannah Bank Goodwin, Z.A. 1787 (BRH, E). Quercus sapotifolia Liebm. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 392). Local Name: Encino, Oak. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 663 (BRH, MO). GENTIANACEAE Coutoubea spicata Aubl. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 310), Davidse et al. (2009: 649). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37036 (MO), Worthington, R.D. 21286 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33168 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 33003 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10071 (MO), Huston, J.S. 525 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1418 (BRH, E); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 9 (BRH); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24062 (MO), Gentry, A.H. 8572 (MO), Liesner, R.L. 1420 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2611 (MO); Tiger Sandy Bay Goodwin, Z.A. 1091 (BRH, E); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36313 (MO), Hawkins, T. 1020 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 34 (MO), Wiley, J.R. 198 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 284 (MO), Wunderlin, R.P. 367 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2343 (MO), Wilbur, R.L. 11407 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 65 ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 308 (E); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 174 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 479 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Galley, C.A. 7 (E), Gulliver, S. 2 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17843 (MO); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 29 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35704 (BRH, MO); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8056 (MO); Silk Grass Balick, M.J. 3084 (NY); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 446 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1045 (MO), Davidse, G. 32488 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1273 (BRH, E); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1044 (E); Ocotal Schipp, W.A. 446A (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3897 (MO). Curtia tenella (Mart.) Cham. Syn: Curtia tenuifolia (Aubl.) Knobl. subsp. tenella (Mart.) Grothe & Maas. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 310), Davidse et al. (2009: 643). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. S146 (BRH, MO); Hughes Estate Goodwin, Z.A. 1753 (BRH, E). Eustoma exaltatum (L.) Salisb. ex G. Don Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 312), Davidse et al. (2009: 653). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland/Coast. Vouchers: BELIZE: Churchyard Lundell, C.L. 6961 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33179 (MO), Vincent, M.A. 5920 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1142 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32567 (BRH, MO). Lisianthius axillaris (Hemsl.) Kuntze Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 322), Davidse et al. (2009: 648). Local Name: Maravilla del Monte, Red Chilar, Spanish Girl Earring. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7638 (MO); Ladyville Croat, T.B. 23249 (MO); Maskall Goodwin, Z.A. 1518 (BRH, E); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 148 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 12012 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Crankshaw, W.B. s.n. (MO); Western Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 660 (BRH, MO). Lisianthius brevidentatus (Hemsl.) Kuntze Syn: Lisianthius collinus Standl.. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 322), Davidse et al. (2009: 646). Note: The variety collinus (Standl.) Weaver is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1690 (BRH, E). Schultesia brachyptera Cham. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 328), Davidse et al. (2009: 655). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lamb, A.F.A. 40 (BRH); Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1651 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Tut, F.S. 7 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 774 (BM, BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1694 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Williams, N.A. 3 (BRH, E); San Antonio Schipp, W.A. 776A (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3846 (MO). Schultesia guianensis (Aubl.) Malme Syn: Schultesia stenophylla Mart.. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 330), Davidse et al. (2009: 654). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9384 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 40 Goodwin, Z.A. 1135 (BRH, E); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1410 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2332 (BM, MO). CAYO: Spanish Lookout Goodwin, Z.A. 1732 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 35 Proctor, G.R. 29500 (BM, BRH). ORANGE WALK: Blackburn & Indian Hill Work Goodwin, Z.A. 1160 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 2km South Irving, H. 165 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17854 (MO). STANN CREEK: Melinda Forest Station Proctor, G.R. 36536 (BM, MO); New Town Schipp, W.A. 814 (BM, BRH, MO). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106221 (BM); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1050 (E); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1056 (E). HYDROCHARITACEAE Najas wrightiana A. Braun Syn: Najas multidentata W. Koch. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 74), Davidse et al. (1994). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Whitefoord, C. 2539 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33151 (MO). 66 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. HYDROLEACEAE Hydrolea spinosa L. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 100). Note: The variety spinosa is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lamb, A.F.A. 41 (BRH); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33138 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32988 (BRH, MO), Wilbur, R.L. 11566 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1168 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12230 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1654 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2728 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32813 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36215 (BRH, MO), Schipp, W.A. 561 (BRH, MO); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8374 (MO). HYPERICACEAE Hypericum aphyllum Lundell Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 48), Robson (1990: 107). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Mango Creek Hunt, D.R. 365 (K). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4175 (MICH—Type of Hypericum aphyllum). ENDEMIC. Hypericum pratense Schltdl. & Cham. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 51), Robson (1990: 102). Note: Robson (1990: 102) suggests that the name Hypericum uliginosum Kunth has been misapplied to this species in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bermudian Landing Proctor, G.R. 30306 (BM, BRH); Old Northern Highway, Mile 20 Proctor, G.R. 29527 (BM, BRH); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14923 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32747 (MO); Hill Bank Ibáñez García, A. 288 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 274 (E); Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1479 (BRH, E). Hypericum terrae-firmae Sprague & L. Riley Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 51), Robson (1990: 16; 1987: 18). Note: Robson (1987: 18) suggests that the name Hypericum styphelioides A. Rich. has been misapplied to this species in Belize. Local Name: La Ámor. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37012 (BM, MO), Walker, J.B. 533 (BRH); Boom Town MacDaniel, S. 14306 (MO); Burrell Boom MacDaniel, S. 12828 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9515 (MO); Gracie Rock Gentle, P.H. 1559 (MO); Tropical Education Center Hawkins, T. 1016 (BM, BRH, MO), Kay, E. 5 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2481 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: Hummingbird-Southern Highway Intersection Balick, M.J. 3031 (BRH). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1029 (BM, MO), Davidse, G. 32462 (BM, MO); Deep River Forest Reserve South Goodwin, Z.A. 1374 (BRH, E). HYPOXIDACEAE Curculigo scorzonerifolia (Lam.) Baker Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 126), Davidse et al. (1994: 52). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 33004 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10077 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 11030 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24074 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1590 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1104 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 2km South Goodwin, Z.A. 110 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 739 (BRH, MO); Silk Grass Goodwin, Z.A. 1180 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1283 (BRH, E). Hypoxis decumbens L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 136), Davidse et al. (1994: 52). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 985 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1516 (MO). Hypoxis humilis Kunth Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 52). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 201A (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1105 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4019 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 67 IRIDACEAE Alophia silvestris (Loes.) Goldblatt Syn: Nemastylis silvestris Loes.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 166), Davidse et al. (1994: 77). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21272 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12801 (MO); Gracie Rock Gentle, P.H. 1574 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 33010 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10049 (MO), 10064 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7657 (MO); Isabella Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 4300 (BM); Maskall Whitefoord, C. 2179 (MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 135 (BRH), 143 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 11034 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14979 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12200 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 22 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 209A (MO); Western Highway, Mile 29 Goodwin, Z.A. 1040 (E); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2297 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1106 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 552 (BM, MO); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8305 (MO). TOLEDO: Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1282 (BRH, E); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1057 (E). Cipura campanulata Ravenna Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 76). Local Name: Pine Ridge Audrey. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Vincent, M.A. 6048 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33163 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 33009 (MO); Northern Highway Worthington, R.D. 21398 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32840 (MO), Goodwin, Z.A. 1103 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 1km South Home Robertson, P. 2 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 36 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 651 (BRH, MO). Cipura paludosa Aubl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 162), Davidse et al. (1994: 76). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 157) suggest that this name may have been misapplied to the species Cipura campanulata Ravenna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14708 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12201 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24038 (MO), Liesner, R.L. 1422 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 273 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2307 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 477 (E); Hill Bank, 4km South Espona, S.P. 7 (E). KRAMERIACEAE Krameria ixine Loefl. Syn: Krameria cuspidata C. Presl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 489). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2576 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1472 (BRH, E); San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1684 (BRH, E). LACISTEMATACEAE Lacistema aggregatum (P.J. Bergius) Rusby Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 340). Local Name: Bastard Coffee, Mountain Water Wood, Palo Mulato, Tu'l-chow. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Placencia Balick, M.J. 3065 (BRH, MO). LAMIACEAE Callicarpa acuminata Kunth Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 182). Local Name: John Crow Bead Berries, John Crowfoot, Ok-choom, Yok-chom, Yok-osh-om. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23956 (MO). Cornutia pyramidata L. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 196). Local Name: Baston de Vieja, Matasano, Stinkin' Bush, Tzultesnuk. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 15 Wiley, J.R. 90 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 272 (E). Hyptis capitata Jacq. Ref: Standley & Williams (1973: 250). Local Name: Charleston, Shkot-ka-wye. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Huston, J.S. 565 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Field Station Watson, M. 5 (E). 68 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Hyptis conferta Pohl ex Benth. Syn: Hyptis belizensis Lundell Hyptis conferta Pohl ex Benth. var. angustifolia Benth. Hyptis savannarum Briq.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1973: 250). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9441 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 33002 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1049 (MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 192 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Dwyer, J.D. 10418 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1430 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 35 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Whitefoord, C. 2533 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 19 Proctor, G.R. 29722 (BRH). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 292 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Brown, C.M. s.n. (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Irving, H. 158 (E); Hill Bank, 4km South Khaw, S.H. 767 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17196 (MO); Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1486 (BRH, E); Rio Bravo Chalmers, A. 1 (BRH, E), Forrest, A.D. 22 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35731 (BM, BRH, MO), Schipp, W.A. 696 (BM, MO); Silk Grass Goodwin, Z.A. 1189 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32463 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1218 (BRH, E), Goodwin, Z.A. 1253 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1308 (BRH, E), 1351 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Ah, E.A. 4 (BRH, E); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3896 (MO—Type of Hyptis belizensis). Hyptis lanceolata Poir. Ref: Standley & Williams (1973: 251). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 133) suggest that this name may have been misapplied to or is conspecific with the species Hyptis lantanifolia Poit. in Belize. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32495 (MO). Hyptis lantanifolia Poit. Ref: Standley & Williams (1973: 252). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Walker, J.B. 544 (BRH); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9429 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2618 (BM), 2622 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2747 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 688 (BM, MO). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1217 (BRH, E), 1267 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Ah, E.A. 1 (BRH, E), Goodwin, Z.A. 1333 (BRH, E); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3772 (MO). Hyptis verticillata Jacq. Ref: Standley & Williams (1973: 258). Local Name: Hoja de Matin, John Charles, Oja Matin, Shkot-k'wai. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2559 (MO). Marsypianthes arenosa Brandegee Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21282 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 28-32 Worthington, R.D. 23830 (MO). Marsypianthes chamaedrys (Vahl) Kuntze Ref: Standley & Williams (1973: 265). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bermudian Landing Vincent, M.A. 5995 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15079 (MO); Hattieville Sorenson, P.D. 7093 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1421 (BRH, E); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 24 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Dwyer, J.D. 10416 (MO), 10936 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23278 (BRH, MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24027 (MO), 24055A (MO), Liesner, R.L. 1428 (MO); Tiger Sandy Bay Goodwin, Z.A. 1089 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 197 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 286 (MO), 1518 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 29 Goodwin, Z.A. 1033 (E); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2335 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 178 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 2 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 618 (MO); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8464 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1056 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3899 (MO). Vitex gaumeri Greenm. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 235). Local Name: Blue Blossom, Dogwood, Fiddlewood, Flor Azul, Matasano, Sak-u-sol, Second Yax Nik, Walking Lady, Ya Ch Nik, Yax nik, Yax Nik Ux Pe. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12196A (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32544 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 338 (E). LAURACEAE Cassytha filiformis L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 309). Local Name: Jaundice Tie Tie. Habit: Climber/ Parasite. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom MacDaniel, S. 12839 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9559 (MO); Hattieville Huston, J.S. 551 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1361 (MO); Matamore VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 69 Pine Ridge Nee, M. 46902 (BRH, MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 159 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23275 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 15 Arvigo, R. 375 (BRH, BRH, NY); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 37035 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 33 (MO), S71 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1544 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Goodwin, Z.A. 1075 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2462 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Goodwin, Z.A. 672 (BRH, E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 471 (E), 488 (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1847 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 1km South Milton, J.J. 2 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17535 (MO); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 12 (E). STANN CREEK: New Town Schipp, W.A. 819 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32486 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1232 (BRH, E); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3819 (MO). Nectandra longicaudata (Lundell) C.K. Allen Syn: Phoebe longicaudata Lundell Phoebe savannarum Standl. & Steyerm.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 341). Local Name: Aguacatillo, White Laurel. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 571 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4094 (MO). Nectandra salicifolia (Kunth) Nees Syn: Nectandra cayoana Lundell. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011), Davidse et al. (ined.). Local Name: Aguacatillo, Black Water, Black Wattle, La Amor, Laraull, Laurel, Timber Sweet, Timbersweet. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32782 (BRH, MO); Hill Bank, 2km South Baden, H.M. 1 (E). Nectandra sanguinea Rol. ex Rottb. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 321), The Plant List (2010). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 52) suggest that this name may have been misapplied to the species Nectandra salicifolia (Kunth) Nees in Belize. Local Name: Laurel. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Freshwater Creek Castillo, A. 16 (BRH). Persea liebmannii Mez Ref: Davidse et al. (ined.). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 566 (BRH, MO). LENTIBULARIACEAE Genlisea filiformis A. St.-Hil. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 316). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 607 (BRH, MO). Utricularia adpressa Salzm. ex A. St.-Hil. & Girard Syn: Utricularia aureola S.F. Blake. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 321), Taylor (1989: 101). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32962 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12239 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2740 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2751 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 3km South Taylor-Pigott, A.S. 1 (BRH, E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17867 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 630 (BRH). Utricularia amethystina Salzm. ex A. St.-Hil. & Girard Syn: Utricularia adenantha Standl. Utricularia hirtella A. St.Hil. & Girard. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 322), Taylor (1989: 77). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1407 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 25 Proctor, G.R. 29733 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2904 (BM). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South van Strydonck, E.H.M. 1 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. S89 (BM, BRH, MO—Type of Utricularia adenantha). Utricularia erectiflora A. St.-Hil. & Girard Ref: Taylor (1989: 100). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1656 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35732 (BM, BRH, MO), Schipp, W.A. 633 (BM, BRH, MO). Utricularia fimbriata Kunth Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 322), Taylor (1989: 58). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 141) suggest that this name may have been misapplied to the species Utricularia simulans Pilg. in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. S150 (BRH). 70 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Utricularia foliosa L. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 324), Taylor (1989: 207). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12005 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Ibáñez García, A. 261 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 42 (E). Utricularia gibba L. Syn: Utricularia obtusa Sw.. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 324), Taylor (1989: 179). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33137 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 603 (BRH, MO), S87 (BM, BRH, MO); Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8084 (MO). Utricularia guyanensis A. DC. Syn: Utricularia peckii S.F. Blake. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 325), Taylor (1989: 134). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2903 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 632 (BRH, MO). Utricularia hispida Lam. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 325), Taylor (1989: 72). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Huston, J.S. 558 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2734 (BM, MO), 8339 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2410 (BM). ORANGE WALK: Rancho Davidse, G. 32893 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 560 (BM, BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3878 (MO). Utricularia hydrocarpa Vahl Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 325), Taylor (1989: 198). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2416 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. S90 (BM, BRH, MO). Utricularia juncea Vahl Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 326), Taylor (1989: 136). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Gales Point Proctor, G.R. 36547 (BM, MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32961 (MO); Lucky Strike Hedger, J.N. 302 (BM); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32866 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2501 (BM, MO), 2739 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2413 (BM, MO), 2905 (BM). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 631 (BRH, MO); Hummingbird-Southern Highway Intersection Balick, M.J. 3030 (NY), Dwyer, J.D. 11065 (MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 374 (BM); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 412 (BM, BRH, MO). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106248 (BM). Utricularia purpurea Walter Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 326), Taylor (1989: 212). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32536 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 608 (BM, BRH, MO). Utricularia pusilla Vahl Ref: Taylor (1989: 166). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2312 (BM). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Harris, D.J. 9634 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 367 (BM, BRH, MO). Utricularia resupinata B.D. Greene ex Bigelow Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 327), Taylor (1989: 176). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32856 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 3037 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 664 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 629 (BM, BRH, MO), 659 (BM, BRH, MO). Utricularia simulans Pilg. Ref: Taylor (1989: 59). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32960 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12006 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1408A (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2417 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Rancho Hedger, J.N. 297 (BM), 299 (BM). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. S88 (BM, BRH, MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 381 (BM). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3786 (MO). Utricularia subulata L. Ref: Standley et al. (1974: 327), Taylor (1989: 165). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Double Head Cabbage Hedger, J.N. 308 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 19 Proctor, G.R. 29725 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2409 (BM, MO), 2412 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Rancho Hedger, J.N. 300 (BM). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 680 (BM, MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 71 LOGANIACEAE Mitreola petiolata (J.F. Gmel.) Torr. & A. Gray Syn: Cynoctonum mitreola (L.) Britton Cynoctonum petiolatum J.F. Gmel.. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 284-286), Davidse et al. (2009: 633). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1668 (BRH, E); Crooked Tree Worthington, R.D. 24078 (MO); Hector Creek Proctor, G.R. 29713 (BRH). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Goodwin, Z.A. 1680 (BRH, E); Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 209 (E). Spigelia anthelmia L. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 293), Davidse et al. (2009: 635). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1666 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14709 (BRH, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14978 (BRH, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23262 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 28 Whitefoord, C. 9583 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 3079 (BM, MO). CAYO: Black Man Eddy Atha, D.E. 958 (MO). Strychnos peckii B.L. Rob. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 300), Davidse et al. (2009: 639). Local Name: Jolobob-k'ham. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 7935 (MO). LORANTHACEAE Oryctanthus cordifolius (C. Presl) Urb. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 65), Stevens et al. (2001: 1241). Local Name: Scorn De Earth. Habit: Epiphyte/Hemiparasite. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Melinda Forest Station Proctor, G.R. 35782 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4169 (MO). Phthirusa pyrifolia (Kunth) Eichler Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 77), Stevens et al. (2001: 1241). Local Name: Scan-dirt, Scorn de Earth. Habit: Epiphyte/Hemiparasite. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 208 (E), 215 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 269 (E). Psittacanthus mayanus Standl. & Steyerm. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 79). Local Name: Matapalo. Habit: Epiphyte/Hemiparasite. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 15 Wiley, J.R. 92 (MO). Psittacanthus pinicola Kuijt Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 1243). Local Name: Scorn de Earth. Habit: Epiphyte/ Hemiparasite. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37011 (MO), Ratter, J.A. 5219 (MO), Worthington, R.D. 21290 (MO); Manatee Gentle, P.H. 82 (MO); Monkey Bay Cordero, J. 28 (BRH, MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 3019 (MO); Tropical Education Center Hawkins, T. 1045 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2442 (MO), 2562 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 33 Sorenson, P.D. 7105 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4151 (MO). Psittacanthus rhynchanthus (Benth.) Kuijt Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 1243). Habit: Epiphyte/Hemiparasite. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 15 Wiley, J.R. 92A (MO). Struthanthus cassythoides Millsp. ex Standl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 82), Stevens et al. (2001: 1244). Local Name: Matapalo, Scorn de Earth. Habit: Epiphyte/Hemiparasite. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1847 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9715 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1366 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2689 (MO); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14921 (MO). TOLEDO: Big Creek Gentle, P.H. 4022 (MO); Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5270 (MO), 5411 (MO); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3641 (MO); Rio Grande Gentle, P.H. 4740 (MO). Struthanthus orbicularis (Kunth) Blume Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 84), Stevens et al. (2001: 1245). Local Name: God Almighty, Scorn de Earth. Habit: Epiphyte/Hemiparasite. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 207 (E). STANN CREEK: Melinda Forest Station Proctor, G.R. 35781 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Big Creek Gentle, P.H. 4031 (MO). 72 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. LYTHRACEAE Cuphea calophylla Cham. & Schltdl. Ref: Standley & Williams (1962: 245), Davidse et al. (2009: 54). Local Name: Chichibe, Corriente, Corrimiento, Hogweed. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 55 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Vaughan, J.E. 290A (MO). Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. Ref: Standley & Williams (1962: 245). Davidse et al. (2009: 55). Local Name: Banti-osh, Chichibe, Hogweed. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24076A (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1817 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1043 (MO). Cuphea mimuloides Schltdl. & Cham. Ref: Standley & Williams (1962: 249), Davidse et al. (2009: 59). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hector Creek Proctor, G.R. 29712 (BRH); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1042 (MO). Cuphea utriculosa Koehne Ref: Standley & Williams (1962: 252), Davidse et al. (2009: 61). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 5 Wiley, J.R. 211 (MO). MALPIGHIACEAE Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 478), Stevens et al. (2001: 1266). Local Name: Chi, Chà, Craboo, Crabu, Crapoo, Grabon, Nance, Nanci, Nonce, Sacpan, Sour Caraboo, Sour Craboo, Wild Caraboo, Wild Craboo, Zacpan. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Huston, J.S. 529 (MO), 536 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1430 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14702 (MO), Wiley, J.R. 510 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 10723 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 3105 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 10 (BRH, MO). CAYO: Black Man Eddy Atha, D.E. 962 (MO); Spanish Lookout Ratter, J.A. 5185 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32743 (MO); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 489 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17010 (MO); San Felipe Alcorn, P.W. 570 (MO). STANN CREEK: Placencia Balick, M.J. 3667 (BRH); Placencia Junction Balick, M.J. 3064 (BRH, NY); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 176 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3752 (MO). Heteropterys brachiata (L.) DC. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 1272). Local Name: In-vida-ech, Mi Cârzon, Mi Córäzon, So Back Tie Tie, Sobach. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: HummingbirdSouthern Highway Intersection Balick, M.J. 3034 (BRH, MO); Silk Grass Balick, M.J. 3086 (BRH, NY); Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7933 (MO). Heteropterys laurifolia (L.) A. Juss. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 483), Stevens et al. (2001: 1272). Local Name: Tietie. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1545 (E). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 265 (E). Heteropterys lindeniana A. Juss. Syn: Heteropterys heterocarpa (Standl.) Standl.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 484), Stevens et al. (2001: 1273). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Goodwin, Z.A. 1535 (BRH, E); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15087 (BRH, MO); Gracie Rock MacDaniel, S. 14358 (MO); Hattieville Wiley, J.R. 225 (MO); Manatee Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1470 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 24 Goodwin, Z.A. 1069 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 5 Wiley, J.R. 221 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 341 (E), 345 (E); Hill Bank Bridgewater, S.G.M. 307 (E), Ibáñez García, A. 287 (E); Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 224 (E); Hill Bank, 1km South McKenzie, F.J. 1 (E). Hiraea fagifolia (DC.) A. Juss. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 485), Stevens et al. (2001: 1276). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3717 (MO). Malpighia lundellii C.V. Morton Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 489). Local Name: Hickatee Plum. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Goodwin, Z.A. 1534 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Bridgewater, S.G.M. 2753 (E). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 73 Malpighia spathulifolia F.K. Mey. Ref: Meyer (2000). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1414 (MO). Stigmaphyllon ciliatum (Lam.) A. Juss. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 494), Stevens et al. (2001: 1288). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Coast. Voucher: TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4018 (MO). Stigmaphyllon ellipticum (Kunth) A. Juss. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 494), Stevens et al. (2001: 1288). Local Name: Lady Guinweo. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 305 (E). STANN CREEK: Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 356 (BRH). Stigmaphyllon puberum (Rich.) A. Juss. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 496), Stevens et al. (2001: 1289). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23949 (MO). Tetrapterys arcana C.V. Morton Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 498), Stevens et al. (2001: 1290). Habit: Climber/ Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Walker, J.B. 540 (BRH). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 480 (E). STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 7936 (MO); Mango Creek Hunt, D.R. 376 (MO). TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 7748 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1692 (BRH, E), 1693 (BRH, E); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3676 (MO). MALVACEAE Gossypium hirsutum L. Syn: Gossypium mexicanum Tod.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 343). Local Name: Algodón, Cotton, Cotton Plant, Cotton Tree, Taman, Wild Cotton Shrub. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Cultivated. Voucher: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9508 (MO). Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 411). Local Name: Bastard Cedar, Bay Cedar, Box Cedar, Caulote, Cork Bottom Wood, Guacimo, Pechote, Pixoy, Simaron del Tzibche, Tapaculo, Wild Bay Cedar. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Gracie Rock Whitefoord, C. 3157 (MO). Hampea trilobata Standl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 396). Local Name: Bak-el-man, Bake Mung, Kajana, Maho, Majana, Majava, Majua, Mohara Blanca, Moho, Salt Water Motto. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Ratter, J.A. 5216 (MO); Hattieville Wiley, J.R. 236 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24047 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 41 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1128 (BRH, E); East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 263 (E), Ibáñez García, A. 161 (E); Tiger Creek Prince, S. 1 (E). Helicteres guazumifolia Kunth Syn: Helicteres mexicana Kunth. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 413). Local Name: Mahaua, Momo. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: Gentle, P.H. 950 (MO). BELIZE: Hattieville Huston, J.S. 530 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 40 Goodwin, Z.A. 1150 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23959 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1547 (MO), Sutton, D.A. 176 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Youngson, A. 4 (E); Hill Bank Access Road Brown, C.M. 6 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 492 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Smith, A. 1 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 27 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 582 (BM, BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32498 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1235 (BRH, E); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3755 (MO), 3757 (MO). Hibiscus bifurcatus Cav. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 346). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: STANN CREEK: New Town Schipp, W.A. 839 (BRH, MO). Hibiscus costatus A. Rich. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 348). Local Name: Cwo-yâ, Cwo-yó, Wild Okra. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23890 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12799 (MO), 15068 (BRH, MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 33007 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10057 (MO), MacDaniel, S. 14280 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12197 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2391 (BM). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 309 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 244 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Wangchuck, K. 3 (E). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8154 (MO). TOLEDO: Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1295 (E); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Goodwin, Z.A. 1337 (BRH, E). 74 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Hibiscus furcellatus Desr. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 350). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hector Creek Proctor, G.R. 29719 (BRH). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. S152 (BRH); Hopkins Proctor, G.R. 35790 (BRH, MO). Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 351). Local Name: Roselle, Sorrell. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Cultivated. Voucher: BELIZE: Monkey Bay Nee, M. 46876 (BRH, MO). Luehea seemannii Triana & Planch. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 314). Local Name: Balamush, Bastard Moho, Caulote, Mapola, Tapasquit. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5169 (MO). Luehea speciosa Willd. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 314). Local Name: Bala-max, Broadleaf Bay Cedar, C'ampac, Caulote, Kazcat, Mahaua, Male Bay Cedar, Moho, Mountain Moho, Pixoy, Pixoy Bala-max, Spanish Caulotea. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Goodwin, Z.A. 1538 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 586 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1699 (BRH, E). Malachra alceifolia Jacq. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 356). Local Name: Malba, Malva, Wild Okra. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: TOLEDO: Punta Gorda-San Antonio Road, Mile 12 Gentle, P.H. 6701 (MO). Malachra capitata (L.) L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 357). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24054 (MO). Melochia melissifolia Benth. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2433), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10072 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24022 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Vaughan, J.E. 285 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35733 (MO). Melochia nodiflora Sw. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 417), Stevens et al. (2001: 2433). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 716 (MO). Melochia pyramidata L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 418), Stevens et al. (2001: 2433). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24042 (BRH, MO). Melochia spicata (L.) Fryxell Syn: Melochia villosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle. Ref: McVaugh (2001), Standley & Steyermark (1949: 416). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21309 (MO); Burrell Boom Gentry, A.H. 8049 (BRH, MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 2276 (BM, MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9424 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23969 (BRH, MO); Parrots Wood Whitefoord, C. 2697 (BM); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2898 (BM, MO), 8327 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1535 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 3 MacDaniel, S. 14323 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2399 (BM, MO), 2748 (BM). CAYO: Black Man Eddy Atha, D.E. 961 (MO); More Tomorrow Goodwin, Z.A. 1739 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32742 (MO); East Gate Goodwin, Z.A. 675 (BRH, E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 231 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Irving, H. 159 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 549 (BM, BRH, MO); Mullins River Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8564 (MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 345 (BM); Silk Grass Creek Balick, M.J. 3085 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1046 (MO); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1323 (BRH, E); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1068 (E). Pachira aquatica Aubl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 399). Local Name: Provisia Tree, Provision Bark, Provision Tree, Santa Domingo, Santa Domino, Santo Domingo, Sapote Bobo, Uacut, Zapote Bobo, Zapoton. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 213 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 498 (E). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 75 Pavonia malacophylla (Link & Otto) Garcke Syn: Lopimia malacophylla (Link & Otto) Mart.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 1311). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest/Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: La Democracia Wilbur, R.L. 11528 (MO). Pavonia schiedeana Steud. Syn: Pavonia rosea Wall. ex Moris. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 368), Stevens et al. (2001: 1312). Local Name: Mosote de Espina, Mozote, Petch Mom, Petch Mom II. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 570 (BM, BRH, MO). Pseudobombax ellipticum (Kunth) Dugand Syn: Bombax ellipticum Kunth. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 388), Stevens et al. (2001). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 284 (E). Sida ciliaris L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 375). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lamb, A.F.A. 35 (BRH); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9455 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 21 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2362 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Indian Church Arnason, T. 17844 (MO). Sida linifolia Cav. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 378). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1446 (BRH, E); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9397 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15094 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32971 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 999 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14713 (MO); Parrots Wood Whitefoord, C. 2712 (BM, MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1419 (BRH, MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 8360 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2282 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Indian Church Arnason, T. 17866 (MO); Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1487 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 650 (BM, BRH, MO); Hughes Estate Goodwin, Z.A. 1197 (BRH, E). Sida rhombifolia L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 379). Local Name: Broomweed, Mes-bél. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lamb, A.F.A. 48 (BRH); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9523 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 722 (BM, BRH, MO). Trichospermum grewiifolium (A. Rich.) Kosterm. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2463). Local Name: Balsa Wood, Cha-hib, Kam Pak, Lagroso, Macapal, Mahaua, Mahaua-mahaua, Makapal, Moho, Moho Tree, Mountain Moho, Narrow Leaved Balsa, Red Mahoe. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Mullins River Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8582 (MO). Urena lobata L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 384). Local Name: Ka-khe-cwo-yo', Wild Cotton. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3807 (MO). Waltheria indica L. Syn: Waltheria americana L.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 427). Local Name: Malva Macho, Wild Chi-Chi Be. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bermudian Landing Balick, M.J. 3303 (NY); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12797 (BRH, MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1431 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 33 Sorenson, P.D. 7107 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32808 (MO); Hill Bank, 3km South Brown, C.M. 5 (E). STANN CREEK: Hughes Estate Goodwin, Z.A. 1206 (BRH, E); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8457 (MO). MARANTACEAE Maranta arundinacea L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 216), Stevens et al. (2001: 1331), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Camotillo, Wild Arrowroot. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1568 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 171 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 587 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3628 (MO). 76 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Thalia geniculata L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 221). Local Name: Platanar, Purple Platanillo. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23991 (BRH, MO). STANN CREEK: Hopkins Proctor, G.R. 35793 (BRH, MO). MAYACACEAE Mayaca fluviatilis Aubl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 369), Davidse et al. (1994: 174). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Creek Sutton, D.A. 175 (MO), Whitefoord, C. 3154 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36562 (MO); Mango Creek MacDaniel, S. 12995 (MO). MELASTOMATACEAE Aciotis indecora (Bonpl.) Triana Syn: Aciotis rostellata (Naudin) Triana. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 410), Davidse et al. (2009: 167). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 1916 (MO), Schipp, W.A. 46 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 6063 (MO), 7744 (MO). Acisanthera bivalvis (Aubl.) Cogn. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 412), Davidse et al. (2009: 168). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1811 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32967 (MO), Wilbur, R.L. 11565 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Gentry, A.H. 7659 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12190 (BRH, MO); Peccary Hills Goodwin, Z.A. 475 (BRH, E); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32868 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2725 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Linares-Palomino, R. 1 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Watson, M. 7 (E); Hill Bank, 1km South Aguilar, R. 1 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Irving, H. 161 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 37 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36222 (MO), Schipp, W.A. 707 (BRH, MO). Acisanthera crassipes (Naudin) Wurdack Syn: Acisanthera bartlettii Gleason Acisanthera pellucida C. Wright. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 412), Davidse et al. (2009: 168). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1662 (BRH, E); Gales Point Proctor, G.R. 36546 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2731 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Guy, C.T. 2 (BRH, E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17869 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35725 (BRH, MO), Schipp, W.A. 677 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3784 (MO). Acisanthera quadrata Pers. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 413), Davidse et al. (2009: 168). Local Name: Sirinillo. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9505 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 996 (MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 198 (BRH); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2746 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 3km South Irving, H. 164 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17842 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36219 (BRH, MO), Schipp, W.A. 639 (BRH, MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 726 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32479 (MO); Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5280 (MO); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Bridgewater, S.G.M. 4078 (E); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1322 (BRH, E); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3762 (MO). Bellucia grossularioides (L.) Triana Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 420), Davidse et al. (2009: 172). Local Name: Black Moir, Maya, Sir-in. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: HummingbirdSouthern Highway Intersection Balick, M.J. 3035 (BRH, MO). Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don Syn: Clidemia neglecta D. Don. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 428), Davidse et al. (2009: 194). Note: The variety capitellata and the variety neglecta (D. Don) L.O. Williams are both used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. The variety capitellata occurs in open, damp areas around forest edges and the variety neglecta (D. Don) L.O. Williams occurs in well-drained savanna. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bermudian Landing Nickerson, V. 75 (BRH); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15089 (BRH, MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24071 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Goodwin, Z.A. 668 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Mullins River Road Schipp, W.A. 30 (BM, BRH, MO), 219 (BM, BRH, MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 314 (BM). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1251 (BRH, E). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 77 Clidemia dentata Pav. ex D. Don Syn: Clidemia brachystephana (Naudin) Triana. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 431), Davidse et al. (2009: 197). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2287 (MO); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14940 (MO). Clidemia novemnervia (DC.) Triana Ref: Davidse et al. (2009: 204). Note: This species is easily confused with Clidemia strigillosa (Sw.) DC. (Davidse et al., 2009: 204) due to obscure differentiating characters. Local Name: Pa-sas. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom MacDaniel, S. 12850 (MO); Gracie Rock Ratter, J.A. 5202 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2721 (BM, MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 3 (MO). CAYO: Black Man Eddy Atha, D.E. 967 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Ibáñez García, A. 285 (E). STANN CREEK: Mullins River Road Schipp, W.A. 80 (BM, BRH, MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 311 (BM). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32499 (MO). Clidemia sericea D. Don Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 437), Davidse et al. (2009: 209). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 100) suggest that the name Clidemia rubra (Aubl.) Mart. has been misapplied to this species in Belize. Local Name: Chiganettes, Sirin. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15070 (BRH, MO); Gales Point Nee, M. 46901 (MO); Gracie Rock Ratter, J.A. 5200 (MO); Hattieville Huston, J.S. 527 (MO); Peccary Hills Goodwin, Z.A. 478 (BRH, E), 479 (BRH, E); Tiger Sandy Bay Goodwin, Z.A. 1092 (BRH, E); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 15 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 205 (BRH, MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1525 (MO). CAYO: Black Man Eddy Atha, D.E. 956 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Blackburn & Indian Hill Work Goodwin, Z.A. 1156 (BRH, E); East Gate Goodwin, Z.A. 669 (BRH, E); Ibáñez García, A. 126 (E); Hill Bank Youngson, A. 5 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 483 (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1843 (BRH, E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 24 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36570 (MO), Schipp, W.A. 555 (BRH, MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 722 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1211 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3791 (MO). Clidemia strigillosa (Sw.) DC. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 439), Davidse et al. (2009: 210). Note: This species is easily confused with Clidemia novemnervia (DC.) Triana (Davidse et al., 2009: 210) due to obscure differentiating characters. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37016 (BRH, MO), Worthington, R.D. 21329 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12467 (BRH, MO), 12793 (BRH, MO), 15086 (BRH, MO); Hattieville Huston, J.S. 518 (MO); Peccary Hills Goodwin, Z.A. 477 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1508 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Goodwin, Z.A. 667 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 3km South Galley, C.A. 8 (E). STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8077 (MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3659 (MO); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1342 (BRH, E); Southern Highway Croat, T.B. 24182 (MO), Gentry, A.H. 8069 (MO). Clidemia urceolata DC. Ref: Davidse et al. (2009: 212). Note: This species is very close to Clidemia pustulata DC. (Davidse et al., 2009). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1689 (MO). Conostegia caelestis Standl. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 442), Davidse et al. (2009: 216). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Big Creek Schipp, W.A. 63 (BRH, MO—Type of Conostegia caelestis). Conostegia icosandra (Sw. ex Wikstr.) Urb. Syn: Conostegia lundellii Gleason Conostegia subhirsuta DC.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 442), Davidse et al. (2009: 218). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1249 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1339 (BRH, E); Seven Hills Gentle, P.H. 4989 (MO). Conostegia xalapensis (Bonpl.) D. Don ex DC. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 445), Davidse et al. (2009: 223). Local Name: Ah-sàrh, Chigger Nits, Sirin, Siron, Uva. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Butcher Burn Bartlett, H.H. 11407 (MO); Maskall Goodwin, Z.A. 1524 (BRH, E). CAYO: Black Man Eddy Atha, D.E. 966 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32738 (MO); Hill Bank, 4km South Khaw, S.H. 766 (E). Henriettea strigosa Gleason Ref: Davidse et al. (2009: 226). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14935 (BRH, MO). 78 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Henriettea succosa (Aubl.) DC. Syn: Henriettella macrocalyx Standl.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 452), Davidse et al. (2009: 226). Local Name: Sirin, Wild Guava. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 388 (BRH, MO—Type of Henriettella macrocalyx). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4051 (MO). Miconia albicans (Sw.) Steud. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 466), Davidse et al. (2009: 252). Local Name: Pine Ridge Sirin, Shma-mu-cal, Yax-pa-sas. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom MacDaniel, S. 12848 (MO); Hattieville Huston, J.S. 519 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2690 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 37019 (BRH, MO), Kay, E. 2 (BRH, MO); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14912 (BRH, MO), 14929 (BRH, MO). CAYO: Spanish Lookout Ratter, J.A. 5193 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Goodwin, Z.A. 670 (BRH, E), Ibáñez García, A. 170 (E); Hill Bank Access Road Brown, C.M. 7 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 546 (BRH, MO); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8287 (MO); Silk Grass Balick, M.J. 3088 (BRH, NY). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1054 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve South Goodwin, Z.A. 1371 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1341 (BRH, E); Southern Highway Gentry, A.H. 8065 (BRH, MO). Miconia chamissois Naudin Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 471), Davidse et al. (2009: 259). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South MacKinnon, L. 1 (E), Puglisi, C. 1 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 597 (BRH, MO). Miconia ciliata (Rich.) DC. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 472), Davidse et al. (2009: 260). Local Name: Ah-sàr, Chuk-pa-sas, Concha del Tortuga "Shell of turtle", Kak-he-a-sir', Maya, Maya Seed, Sak-he-asàr', Sirin, Wild Maya. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Walker, J.B. 165 (BRH); Coastal Highway, Mile 5 Nee, M. 46887 (BRH, MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15084 (MO); Gracie Rock Ratter, J.A. 5201 (MO); Hattieville Huston, J.S. 518 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1688 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 28-32 Worthington, R.D. 21330 (MO); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14936 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Goodwin, Z.A. 665 (BRH, E); Hill Bank Access Road Urban, L. 3 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35709 (BRH, MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 737 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32457 (MO); Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4198 (MO); Southern Highway Gentry, A.H. 8066 (BRH, MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3792 (MO), 3793 (MO). Miconia holosericea (L.) DC. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 478), Davidse et al. (2009: 273). Local Name: La Yerba de la Mancha, Sirin. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8062 (BM); Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8189 (BM, MO); Silk Grass Balick, M.J. 3081 (BRH, NY). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4052 (MO). Miconia hondurensis Donn. Sm. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 478), Davidse et al. (2009: 273). Local Name: Ahsir, Blossomberry, Chigger nuts, G'hua-bon, Siren, Sirin. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Southern Highway, Stann Creek-Toledo Border Croat, T.B. 24186 (BRH, MO). Miconia hyperprasina Naudin Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 479), Davidse et al. (2009: 273). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 101) suggest that this name may have been misapplied to the species Miconia centrodesma Naudin in Belize. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Forest Home Schipp, W.A. 1071 (BRH, MO). Miconia ibaguensis (Bonpl.) Triana Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 480), Davidse et al. (2009: 274). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14937 (BRH, MO). Miconia lacera (Bonpl.) Naudin Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 481), Davidse et al. (2009: 276). Local Name: Chigger Nits, Mas-ba'it, Sirin. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 313 (MO). TOLEDO: Southern Highway Croat, T.B. 24181 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3795 (MO). Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC. Syn: Miconia pteropoda Benth.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 488), Davidse et al. (2009: 285). Local Name: Macho del Eremul, Pigeon Berries, Sirin. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15076 (BRH, MO), 15081 (BRH, MO); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14909 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 297 (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1854 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8061 (BM); Mullins River Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8583 (MO); Sarawee Gentle, P.H. 2709 (MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3624 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 79 Miconia schippii Standl. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 490), Davidse et al. (2009: 288). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Mullins River Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8560 (MO). Miconia schlechtendalii Cogn. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 491), Davidse et al. (2009: 288). Local Name: Sirin. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3658 (MO). Miconia stenostachya DC. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 492), Davidse et al. (2009: 291). Local Name: Capeote, Pine Ridge Sirin, Sirin. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1527 (MO). CAYO: More Tomorrow Goodwin, Z.A. 1744 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 519 (BM, BRH, MO); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 316 (BM). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32448 (MO); Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4013 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1226 (BRH, E), 1271 (BRH, E); Deep River Forest Reserve South Goodwin, Z.A. 1369 (BRH, E). Miconia tomentosa (Rich.) D. Don ex DC. Syn: Miconia amplexans (Crueg.) Cogn.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 494), Davidse et al. (2009: 294). Local Name: Big Chigger Nits. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Southern Highway Gentry, A.H. 8064 (MO). Mouriri exilis Gleason Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 504), Davidse et al. (2009: 306). Local Name: Cachita, Cacho de Venado Hembra, Cacho Venado Embra, Hu-ruch-khàn, Jug, Wild Guara. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 62 (MO). STANN CREEK: Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7898 (MO). Nepsera aquatica (Aubl.) Naudin Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 505), Davidse et al. (2009: 309). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8302 (BM); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8411 (BM), Schipp, W.A. 29 (BRH, MO); Silk Grass Road Gentle, P.H. 8518 (BM, MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32478 (MO). Pachyanthus lundellianus (L.O. Williams) Judd & Skean Syn: Miconia lundelliana L.O. Williams. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 483), Davidse et al. (2009: 311). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1449 (BRH, E), 1452 (BRH, E); Matamore Pine Ridge Nee, M. 46900 (BRH, MO). STANN CREEK: Melinda Forest Station Daniel, T.F. 8291 (MO), Hunt, D.R. 469 (BM); Mullins River Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8561 (MO—Type of Miconia lundelliana); Mullins River Road Proctor, G.R. 36021 (BM, BRH, MO). Pterolepis stenophylla Gleason Syn: Pterolepis fragilis L.O. Williams. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 509), Davidse et al. (2009: 313). Local Name: Sa-cha-pàm. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21273 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 960 (MO), 998 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1425 (BRH, E); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 191 (BRH); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2749 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32814 (MO); East Gate Goodwin, Z.A. 674 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: South Stann Creek Schipp, W.A. 652 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5279 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3874 (MO). Tibouchina aspera Aubl. Syn: Tibouchina belizensis Lundell. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 513), Davidse et al. (2009: 317). Local Name: Small Leaf Sirin. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Georgetown Goodwin, Z.A. 1762 (BRH, E); Jenkins Creek Goodwin, Z.A. 1765 (BRH, E); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 373 (BM, US). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4155 (MO—Type of Tibouchina belizensis). Tococa guianensis Aubl. Syn: Tococa coriacea S. Moore Tococa peckiana B.L. Rob.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 517), Davidse et al. (2009: 321). Local Name: Broadleaf Sirin, Ish-k'a-pim. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14920 (BRH, MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Goodwin, Z.A. 666 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Coyle, C.P. 1 (E). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3614 (MO). 80 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. MELIACEAE Trichilia havanensis Jacq. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 463). Local Name: Bastard Lime, Cot, Cuerosapo, Lemoncia, Lemoncàa, Limoncillo, Limoncillo Macho, Palo de Cuchara, Shabon Che, Spoon Tree, Toadskin. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: Bridgewater, S.G.M. 2754 (E). MENISPERMACEAE Cissampelos pareira L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 260). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 182 (E). Hyperbaena winzerlingii Standl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 265). Local Name: Knock-me-back, Tcansic, Tkansik. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 326 (E). MENYANTHACEAE Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze Syn: Nymphoides humboldtiana (Kunth) Kuntze. Ref: Standley et al. (1969: 326), Davidse et al. (2009: 662). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 15 Wiley, J.R. 89 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1316 (BRH, E). MOLLUGINACEAE Mollugo verticillata L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 205), Stevens et al. (2001: 1508). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3872 (MO). MORACEAE Ficus citrifolia Mill. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 1524). Local Name: Fig. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 744 (MO). TOLEDO: San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6677 (MO). Ficus costaricana (Liebm.) Miq. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 36), Stevens et al. (2001: 1525). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3829 (MO). Ficus ovalis (Liebm.) Miq. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 44), Stevens et al. (2001: 1529). Local Name: Amate, Fig, Matapalo. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23268 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 191 (E). Ficus popenoei Standl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 46), Stevens et al. (2001: 1530). Local Name: Fig, Matapalo. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8318 (MO). Trophis racemosa (L.) Urb. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 58). Local Name: Breadnut, Cherry, Female White Ramon, Ramon Blanco, Yax Ox, Yellow Ramon. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 339 (E). MYRICACEAE Myrica cerifera L. Syn: Morella cerifera (L.) Small. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 349). Local Name: Myrtle, Sause Bastardo, Tea Bark, Tea Box. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 81 Davidse, G. 33180 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1418 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 8299 (MO); Tropical Education Center Hawkins, T. 1018 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Goodwin, Z.A. 1073 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 128 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Watson, M. 4 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Goodwin, Z.A. 682 (BRH, E), Wangchuck, K. 9 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17125 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 562 (MO). MYRSINACEAE Parathesis cubana (A. DC.) Molinet & M. Gómez Ref: Standley et al. (1966: 168), Davidse et al. (2009: 551). Local Name: Ix-pam-bul, Pidgeon Grape, Residan. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36333 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Blackburn & Indian Hill Work Goodwin, Z.A. 1174 (BRH, E); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 175 (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1846 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 4km South Espona, S.P. 6 (E). TOLEDO: Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1406 (BRH, E). MYRTACEAE Calyptranthes chytraculia (L.) Sw. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 297), Davidse et al. (2009: 71). Note: The variety americana McVaugh is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Chili Miss, Ginda, Guayabillo, Pimiento. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1356 (MO). TOLEDO: Joe Taylor Creek Gentle, P.H. 7426 (MO); San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6693 (MO). Calyptranthes cuneifolia Lundell Ref: McVaugh (1963: 298), Davidse et al. (2009: 72). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4096 (MO—Type of Calyptranthes cuneifolia). ENDEMIC. Calyptranthes pallens Griseb. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 304), Davidse et al. (2009: 75). Local Name: Lemon Tree. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32819 (MO). Chamguava gentlei (Lundell) Landrum Syn: Eugenia gentlei Lundell Psidium apodanthum (Standl.) McVaugh Psidium biloculare McVaugh. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 389), Davidse et al. (2009: 78). Note: The variety apodantha (Standl.) Landrum and the variety gentlei are both used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Pine Ridge Spice. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21321 (MO); Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1462 (BRH, E); Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1570 (BRH, E); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9479 (MO); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10040 (MO), Wiley, J.R. 224A (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1690 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 15 Arvigo, R. 374 (MO, NY); Western Highway, Mile 26 Landrum, L.R. 6538 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2451 (BM). Chamguava schippii (Standl.) Landrum Syn: Eugenia anglohondurensis Lundell Eugenia mouririoides Lundell Eugenia schippii Standl. Psidium anglohondurense (Lundell) McVaugh Psidium mouririoides (Lundell) McVaugh. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 387, 397), Davidse et al. (2009: 79). Local Name: Wild Guava. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8354 (MO—Type of Eugenia anglohondurensis). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4063 (MO), 4142 (MO—Type of Eugenia mouririoides). Eugenia aeruginea DC. Syn: Eugenia domingensis O. Berg Eugenia fadyenii Krug & Urb.. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 330), Davidse et al. (2009: 89). Local Name: Bastard Water Wood, Bill Bird Poeter, Billbird Potter. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15090 (MO); Gracie Rock MacDaniel, S. 14362 (MO); Hattieville Wiley, J.R. 227 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24070 (MO). STANN CREEK: Maya Center Balick, M.J. 3042 (MO); Pomona Gentle, P.H. 8073 (BM). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3644 (MO). Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 333), Davidse et al. (2009: 91). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Dangriga Proctor, G.R. 35755 (BM, MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32477 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1252 (BRH, E). 82 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Eugenia capuli (Schltdl. & Cham.) Hook. & Arn. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 337), Davidse et al. (2009: 93). Note: The variety capuli is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: San Antonio Road Proctor, G.R. 35860 (BM, MO). Eugenia farameoides A. Rich. Syn: Eugenia flavifolia Standl.. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 342), Davidse et al. (2009: 100). Local Name: Broken Ridge Water-wood. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1463 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 330 (BM). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1259 (BRH, E); Deep River Forest Reserve South Goodwin, Z.A. 1373 (BRH, E); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3773 (MO). Eugenia flavoviridis Lundell Ref: McVaugh (1963: 343), Davidse et al. (2009: 101). Local Name: Guayabillo, Pine Ridge Axemaster, Pine Ridge Spice. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4085 (MO—Type of Eugenia flavoviridis), 4123 (MO), 4126 (MO). Eugenia gaumeri Standl. Syn: Eugenia laevis O. Berg var. gaumeri (Standl.) McVaugh. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 348), Davidse et al. (2009: 103). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32800 (MO). Eugenia ibarrae Lundell Ref: McVaugh (1963: 346), Davidse et al. (2009: 107). Local Name: Chilonche. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 8292 (BM); Gracie Rock MacDaniel, S. 14367 (MO). Eugenia trikii Lundell Ref: McVaugh (1963: 366), Davidse et al. (2009: 126). Local Name: Chi-lon-che-macho. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1240 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1285 (BRH, E). Eugenia venezuelensis O. Berg Syn: Eugenia origanoides O. Berg. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 356), Davidse et al. (2009: 127). Local Name: Mol-ba. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24032 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Ibáñez García, A. 286 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 254A (E). STANN CREEK: New Town Schipp, W.A. 820 (BM, MO); Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7985 (MO). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1241 (BRH, E), 1255 (BRH, E). Eugenia winzerlingii Standl. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 370), Davidse et al. (2009: 128). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1813 (MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 2711 (BM); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33166 (MO); Gales Point Proctor, G.R. 36540 (MO), 36558 (MO); Gracie Rock Liesner, R.L. 1452 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7648 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1680 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1406 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23248 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 655 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Proctor, G.R. 29501 (BM). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1503 (BRH, E), 1505 (BRH, E), 1575 (BRH, E); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 131 (E), 146 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17129 (MO). Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. Syn: Myrcia belizensis Lundell Myrcia oerstediana O. Berg Myrcia schippii Lundell. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 375), Davidse et al. (2009: 135). Local Name: Pigeon Plum. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 3139 (BM). Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg Syn: Eugenia oneillii Lundell. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 380), Davidse et al. (2009: 138). Local Name: Turtle Bone, Walk Naked, Wild Guava. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1461 (BRH, E); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9491 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15088 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2557 (BM, MO). STANN CREEK: Silk Grass Balick, M.J. 3083 (NY). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve South Goodwin, Z.A. 1370 (BRH, E); Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4158 (MO); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3677 (MO), 3689 (MO). Psidium guineense Sw. Syn: Psidium chrysobalanoides Standl. Psidium chrysobalanoides Standl. var. macrophylla Standl. Psidium rotundifolium Standl. Psidium schippii Standl.. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 394), Davidse et al. (2009: 146). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 83 Local Name: Guayabo de Monte, Pul, Wild Guava. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36568 (MO), 36569 (MO), Schipp, W.A. 595 (BM—Type of Psidium schippii), 596 (BM—Type of Psidium chrysobalanoides). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4143 (MO). Psidium salutare (Kunth) O. Berg Syn: Psidium gentlei Lundell. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 399), Davidse et al. (2009: 147). Note: The variety salutare is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4062 (MO—Type of Psidium gentlei); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Goodwin, Z.A. 1277 (BRH, E). Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Syn: Eugenia cumini (L.) Druce. Ref: McVaugh (1963: 311), Davidse et al. (2009: 149). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Cultivated. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Sorenson, P.D. 7068 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14969 (MO); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14924 (MO). NYCTAGINACEAE Boerhavia diffusa L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 177). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7953 (MO). Boerhavia erecta L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 178). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7954 (MO). Neea psychotrioides Donn. Sm. Syn: Neea parvifolia Lundell. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 187). Local Name: Hoja de Salat, Pigeon Plum, Salat. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 40 Goodwin, Z.A. 1149 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7932 (MO). Pisonia aculeata L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 189). Local Name: Post Nail, Tiger Nail Embra, Una de Gato. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5164 (MO). NYMPHAEACEAE Nymphaea ampla (Salisb.) DC. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 241). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: COROZAL: Chacan Chac Mol Goodwin, Z.A. 1588 (BRH, E); Little Belize Davidse, G. 32531 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 200 (E). OCHNACEAE Ouratea lucens (Kunth) Engl. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 12). Local Name: Laurel, Laurel Macho, Monkey Apple. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1155 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 273 (E), Ibáñez García, A. 152 (E), Skema, C. 2 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Ronse de Craene, L. 1452 (E). TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5170 (MO). Ouratea nitida (Sw.) Engl. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 13). Local Name: Bastard Blossom Berries, Indian Bead, Sak-chich-mui, Wild Cork Wood. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Coastal Highway, Mile 5 Nee, M. 46891 (MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 2853 (MO), 3153 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33178 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12475 (MO), 15082 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7629 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36327 (MO), 36328 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 3080 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 491 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17349 (MO); Tiger Creek Ridley, R. 1 (E). STANN CREEK: Placencia Balick, M.J. 3073 (MO); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 413 (MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3596 (MO). 84 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Sauvagesia erecta L. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 15), Sastre (1971). Note: The subspecies brownei (Planch.) Sastre and the subspecies erecta are both used for specimens collected from the savanna. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21285 (MO); Burrell Boom Gentry, A.H. 8052 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9466 (MO); Hattieville Ramamoorthy, T.P. 2774 (MO), Sorenson, P.D. 7087 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7626 (MO); Lucky Strike Hedger, J.N. 304 (BM); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1007 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1423 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 11028 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14980 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24078 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32864 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2614 (BM, MO), 2616 (BM, MO), 8321 (BM), 8322 (BM); Tiger Sandy Bay Goodwin, Z.A. 1100 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 40 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Dwyer, J.D. 282 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2326 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2320 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Blackburn & Indian Hill Work Goodwin, Z.A. 1152 (BRH, E); Carmelita Davidse, G. 32823 (MO); East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 250 (E), Goodwin, Z.A. 673 (BRH, E), Ronse de Craene, L. 1454 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 478 (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1818 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 1km South Ronse de Craene, L. 1450 (E), 1451 (E), Wangchuck, K. 2 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Bransgrove, K. 1 (E), Vint, K. 1 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Gulliver, S. 5 (E), Irving, H. 155 (E); Hill Bank, 4km South Espona, S.P. 1 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17858 (MO); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 7 (BM, E). STANN CREEK: Robertson, J. 141 (BM); All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35734 (MO), Schipp, W.A. 649 (BM, MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 715 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32480 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1262 (BRH, E); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3845 (MO). Sauvagesia tenella Lam. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 16). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1650 (BRH, E); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1410B (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 8337 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 29 Goodwin, Z.A. 1041 (E); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2336 (BM, MO). OLACACEAE Ximenia americana L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 91), Stevens et al. (2001: 1602). Local Name: Cagalera, Sour Plum, Wild Lime, Wild Plum, Xkukche. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3652 (MO). OLEACEAE Chionanthus panamensis (Standl.) Stearn Syn: Linociera panamensis (Standl.) Steyerm.. Ref: Davidse et al. (2009: 628). Local Name: Pine Ridge Ironwood. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4053 (MO). ONAGRACEAE Ludwigia helminthorrhiza (Mart.) H. Hara Syn: Jussiaea natans Humb. & Bonpl.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 547), Davidse et al. (2009: 347). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3590 (MO), 3701 (MO). Ludwigia nervosa (Poir.) H. Hara Syn: Jussiaea nervosa Poir.. Ref: Davidse et al. (2009: 348). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 678 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1038 (MO), Davidse, G. 32476 (MO); Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5148 (MO); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1348 (BRH, E). Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven Syn: Jussiaea ligustrifolia Kunth Jussiaea suffruticosa L. Jussiaea suffruticosa L. fo. linearifolia (Hassl.) Munz Jussiaea suffruticosa L. var. ligustrifolia (Kunth) Griseb. Jussiaea suffruticosa L. var. octofila (DC.) Munz. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 551), Davidse et al. (2009: 348). Local Name: Clavito, Clavo, VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 85 Ka'laush-pim, Wild Clove. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9602 (MO); Crooked Tree Goodwin, Z.A. 1527 (BRH, E); Hattieville Balick, M.J. 2086 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7647 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 10427 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24023 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32815 (MO); Hill Bank Ibáñez García, A. 257B (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Irving, H. 166 (E). STANN CREEK: Silk Grass Goodwin, Z.A. 1192 (BRH, E). Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H. Raven Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 550), Davidse et al. (2009: 349). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12233 (MO). STANN CREEK: Dangriga Proctor, G.R. 35749 (MO). Ludwigia torulosa (Arn.) H. Hara Syn: Jussiaea oocarpa C. Wright Jussiaea torulosa Arn. Oocarpon torulosum (Arn.) Urb.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1963: 563), Davidse et al. (2009: 349). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. S185 (MO). ORCHIDACEAE Bletia purpurea (Lam.) DC. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Pine Ridge Crocus. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33202 (MO); Northern Highway Worthington, R.D. 21400 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14718 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12002 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 10464 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24028 (MO), Gentry, A.H. 7876 (MO), Liesner, R.L. 1423 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32854 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 191 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Wunderlin, R.P. 369A (MO); Western Highway, Mile 17 Wunderlin, R.P. 311 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2281 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Ibáñez García, A. 301 (E); Old Northern Highway Arvigo, R. 675 (MO); Rancho Davidse, G. 32900 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 782 (MO). Brassavola nodosa (L.) Lindl. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Coast. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 623 (MO). Dichaea panamensis Lindl. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 6032 (MO). Encyclia alata (Bateman) Schltr. Syn: Encyclia belizensis (Rchb. f.) Schltr. Encyclia belizensis (Rchb. f.) Schltr. subsp. belizensis Encyclia belizensis (Rchb. f.) Schltr. subsp. parviflora Dressler & G.E. Pollard. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Note: The subspecies parviflora (Regel) Dressler & G.E. Pollard and the subspecies virella Dressler & G.E. Pollard are both used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 3145 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9740 (MO); Hattieville Huston, J.S. 555 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7652 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Catling, P.M. B654 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12617 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 10718 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37038 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32527 (MO), 32529 (MO). Encyclia bractescens (Lindl.) Hoehne Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9736 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32543 (MO). Habenaria brownelliana Catling Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 655 (MO); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8336 (MO), Pelly, R.S. 80 (MO). TOLEDO: San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6596 (MO). Habenaria leprieurii Rchb. f. Syn: Habenaria mesodactyla Griseb.. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Manatee Lagoon Peck, M.E. 966 (MO). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8291 (MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3636 (MO). 86 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Habenaria trifida Kunth Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4036 (MO). Myrmecophila brysiana (Lem.) G.C. Kenn. Syn: Schomburgkia brysiana Lem.. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37054 (MO). Myrmecophila tibicinis (Bateman ex Lindl.) Rolfe Syn: Schomburgkia tibicinis (Bateman ex Lindl.) Bateman. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7653 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23266 (MO). Oncidium ensatum Lindl. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 780 (MO). TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5147 (MO). Polystachya foliosa (Hook.) Rchb. f. Syn: Polystachya clavata Lindl.. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3640 (MO). Ponera striata Lindl. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1097 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32564 (MO). Rhyncholaelia digbyana (Lindl.) Schltr. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32563 (MO). Scaphyglottis behrii (Rchb. f.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Hemsl. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Gracie Rock Gentle, P.H. 1576 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32542 (MO). Sobralia fragrans Lindl. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Te-lum-pim. Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8508 (MO). Specklinia microphylla (A. Rich. & Galeotti) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase Syn: Pleurothallis microphylla A. Rich. & Galeotti. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36321 (MO). Spiranthes torta (Thunb.) Garay & H.R. Sweet Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10088 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Bridgewater, S.G.M. 313 (E). Trigonidium egertonianum Bateman ex Lindl. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37013 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32557 (MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3860 (MO). OROBANCHACEAE Agalinis harperi Pennell ex Small Syn: Gerardia harperi Pennell Gerardia spiciflora Engelm.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1973: 356). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Sorenson, P.D. 7089 (MO); Tiger Sandy Bay Goodwin, Z.A. 1096 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 15 Vaughan, J.E. 278 (MO), Whitefoord, C. 2528 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Goodwin, Z.A. 1085 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank LinaresPalomino, R. 11 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 614 (MO). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106222 (BM). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 87 Agalinis hispidula (Mart.) D'Arcy Syn: Anisantherina hispidula (Mart.) Pennell Gerardia hispidula Mart.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2356), Standley & Williams (1973: 354). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1682 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 8317 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2379 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Blackburn & Indian Hill Work Goodwin, Z.A. 1151 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8338 (MO). Buchnera floridana Gand. Ref: Standley & Williams (1973: 336). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Goodwin, Z.A. 1543A (BRH, E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17204 (MO); Hill Bank, 2km South Irving, H. 163 (E). Buchnera pusilla Kunth Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2361), Standley & Williams (1973: 338). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: Schipp, W.A. S138 (MO). BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9389 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33197 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 951 (MO); Parrots Wood Whitefoord, C. 2693 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1416 (MO); Tiger Sandy Bay Goodwin, Z.A. 1097 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2345 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32803 (MO); Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 346 (E); Hill Bank Bridgewater, S.G.M. 312 (E). STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 712 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1052 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1220 (BRH, E); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1046 (E); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3635 (MO); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1055 (E). OXALIDACEAE Oxalis frutescens L. Syn: Oxalis neaei DC. Oxalis yucatanensis (Rose) L. Riley. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 382, 385). Note: The subspecies angustifolia (Kunth) Lourteig is used for specimens collected from the savanna. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21291 (MO); Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1451 (BRH, E); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10070 (MO), Huston, J.S. 550 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7644 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 11033 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 15 Wiley, J.R. 96A (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14973 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 40 Goodwin, Z.A. 1130 (BRH, E); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24014A (MO), 24014B (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2620 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 12 Wiley, J.R. 196 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1537 (MO), 1551 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 29 Goodwin, Z.A. 1035 (E); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2280 (MO), 2337 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 8 MacDaniel, S. 13104 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1109 (BRH, E); East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 317 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Brown, C.M. 10 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Irving, H. 150 (E); Hill Bank, 4km South Espona, S.P. 2 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 28 (E), 34 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 754 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4166 (MO); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Bridgewater, S.G.M. 4079 (E); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1399 (BRH, E). PASSIFLORACEAE Passiflora biflora Lam. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 120), Stevens et al. (2001: 1917), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Granadillo, Melon de Raton. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Gentry, A.H. 82046A (MO). Passiflora ciliata Dryand. Syn: Passiflora foetida L. var. subintegra Killip. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 131), Davidse et al. (1994). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 648 (MO—Type of Passiflora foetida L. var. subintegra Killip.); Melinda Forest Station Proctor, G.R. 36528 (MO); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8451 (MO). Passiflora coriacea Juss. Syn: Passiflora sexocellata Schltdl.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 1918), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Gentry, A.H. 8046 (MO). 88 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Passiflora foetida L. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 126), Stevens et al. (2001: 1918), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Note: Some of the specimens cited here may be misidentifications of the common savanna species Passiflora urbaniana Killip with which Passiflora foetida L. is easily confused, see Meerman (1996) for details on identification. Local Name: Granadilla del Monte, Sa-yèp. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: CAYO: Black Man Eddy Atha, D.E. 960 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 222 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Galley, C.A. 6 (E). Passiflora urbaniana Killip Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 146). Local Name: Grandpa Balls. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33161 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12471A (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7639 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1415 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14989 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24057 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36334 (MO), Kay, E. 20 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23258 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 29 Goodwin, Z.A. 1032 (E); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2364 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32942 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32807 (MO); Carmelita Davidse, G. 32822 (MO). TOLEDO: Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1049 (E); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1318 (BRH, E); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1391 (BRH, E). ENDEMIC. PENTAPHYLACACEAE Ternstroemia tepezapote Schltdl. & Cham. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 34). Local Name: Cholol, River Craboo, Trompito. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 2553 (E), Goodwin, Z.A. 676 (BRH, E), Ibáñez García, A. 124 (E); Hill Bank Clayton, J.W. 1 (E); Hill Bank, 1km South Honorio Coronado, E.N. 150 (E). PHYLLANTHACEAE Amanoa guianensis Aubl. Syn: Amanoa grandiflora Müll. Arg. Amanoa potamophila Croizat. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 51), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Lemonario, Swamp Icaco. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5399 (MO). Breynia disticha J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 55), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Cultivated. Voucher: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14721 (MO). Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Coast. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24035 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2392 (MO). Phyllanthus stipulatus (Raf.) G.L. Webster Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 150), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 110) suggest that the name Phyllanthus diffusus Klotzsch has been misapplied to this species in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14716 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12232 (BRH, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23948 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1659 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32859 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35717 (BRH, MO). PHYTOLACCACEAE Microtea debilis Sw. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 195), Stevens et al. (2001: 1926). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14927 (MO). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8313 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 89 Trichostigma octandrum (L.) H. Walter Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 202), Stevens et al. (2001: 1928). Habit: Climber/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Big Creek Gentle, P.H. 4028 (MO). PIPERACEAE Peperomia angustata Kunth Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 1933). Habit: Epiphyte. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32528 (MO). Piper jacquemontianum Kunth Syn: Piper aeruginosibaccum Trel. Piper subcitrifolium C. DC.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 284, 326), Stevens et al. (2001: 1968), Tebbs (1993). Local Name: Buttonwood, C'am-pom, Cordoncillo, Cordonsillo, Kam-pom, Puntarelles, Spanish Elder. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4179 (MO); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3694 (MO). Piper stevensii Trel. Ref: Correa et al. (2004). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3695 (MO). PLANTAGINACEAE Angelonia ciliaris B.L. Rob. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2358), Standley & Williams (1973: 327). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Gentry, A.H. 8047 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7658 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12003 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23954 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Dwyer, J.D. 12051 (MO), Liesner, R.L. 1425 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 320 (E); Carmelita Barrientos, E. 36 (BRH, E); Hill Bank Bridgewater, S.G.M. 310 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Harris, D.J. 9636 (E), Lewis, J.E.J. 1 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Irving, H. 154 (E), Stott, G. 2 (E). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3863 (MO). Bacopa bacopoides (Benth.) Pulle Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2359). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 10 Dwyer, J.D. 11464 (MO). Bacopa lacertosa Standl. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2359), Standley & Williams (1973: 330). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32968 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12013A (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2727 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Irving, H. 169 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 763 (BRH, MO—Type of Bacopa lacertosa). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1050 (MO), Davidse, G. 32460 (MO). Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2359), Standley & Williams (1973: 332). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33127 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 204 (E); Hill Bank, 1km South Binder, M.D. 3 (E). Bacopa repens (Sw.) Wettst. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2360), Standley & Williams (1973: 333). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: TOLEDO: Forest Home Schipp, W.A. 992 (BRH, MO). Bacopa sessiliflora (Benth.) Edwall Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2360), Standley & Williams (1973: 334). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9439 (MO). Benjaminia reflexa (Benth.) D'Arcy Syn: Bacopa naias Standl. Bacopa reflexa (Benth.) Edwall. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2360), Standley & Williams (1973: 332). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 36565 (MO), Schipp, W.A. 610 (BRH, MO—Type of Bacopa naias). TOLEDO: Paynes Creek Ranger Station Cholom, M. 2 (BRH, E). Russelia campechiana Standl. Ref: Standley & Williams (1973: 389). Habit: Climber/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1140 (MO). Russelia parvifolia Carlson Ref: Standley & Williams (1973: 393). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Hawkins, T. 1023 (MO). 90 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Russelia sarmentosa Jacq. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2365), Standley & Williams (1973: 394). Note: The variety sarmentosa is used for specimens collected from the savannna of Belize. Local Name: La Disgracia. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1448 (BRH, E); Maskall Sorenson, P.D. 7061 (MO), Whitefoord, C. 2181 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2688 (MO); Tiger Sandy Bay Goodwin, Z.A. 1088 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2461 (MO). CAYO: Black Man Eddy Atha, D.E. 968 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 180 (E). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4060 (MO). Scoparia dulcis L. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2366), Standley & Williams (1973: 401). Local Name: Aniseed, Culantrello, Culantro-pim, Silantro-Shee-U. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14985 (MO). TOLEDO: San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6678 (MO). POACEAE Andropogon bicornis L. Ref: Swallen (1955: 20), Davidse et al. (1994: 388). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna/ Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 654 (MO). Andropogon glomeratus (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. Syn: Andropogon glomeratus (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. var. pumilus (Vasey) Vasey ex L.H. Dewey. Ref: Swallen (1955: 22), Davidse et al. (1994: 389). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33183 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24044 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2344 (MO). Andropogon leucostachyus Kunth Ref: Swallen (1955: 23), Davidse et al. (1994: 389). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12464 (MO); Gales Point Nee, M. 46905 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 33005 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 21 Dwyer, J.D. 12710 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24006 (MO), Gentry, A.H. 7861 (MO), 7866 (MO); Runaway Creek RCNP GR4 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32855A (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2718 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36342 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Crankshaw, W.B. 47 (MO), Spellman, D.L. 1511 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37069 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 28 Whitefoord, C. 9587 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32953 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32776 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1224 (MO), Brant, A.E. 1047 (MO). Aristida appressa Vasey Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 255). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23901 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9511 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32887 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32785 (MO). STANN CREEK: Savannah Airport Dwyer, J.D. 12733A (MO). Aristida capillacea Lam. Ref: Swallen (1955: 32), Davidse et al. (1994: 256). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32459 (MO). Aristida gibbosa (Nees) Kunth Syn: Aristida orizabensis E. Fourn.. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 256). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32952 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32748 (MO). Aristida purpurascens Poir. Ref: Swallen (1955: 35), Davidse et al. (1994: 254). Note: The variety tenuispica (Hitchc.) Allred is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32997 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10051 (MO); Hector Creek O'Neill, H. 8438 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23965 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24081 (MO), Gentry, A.H. 7862 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32885 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2448 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4040 (MO). Aristida tincta Trin. & Rupr. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 254). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 748 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32490 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 91 Arundinella deppeana Nees ex Steud. Ref: Swallen (1955: 45), Davidse et al. (1994: 378). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32979 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32842 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 791 (MO). Axonopus aureus P. Beauv. Ref: Swallen (1955: 48), Davidse et al. (1994: 358). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9418 (MO); Manatee Gentle, P.H. 3414 (MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3681 (MO). Axonopus ciliatifolius Swallen Ref: Swallen (1955: 49), Davidse et al. (1994: 358). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: Gales Point Nee, M. 46906 (MO). ENDEMIC. Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv. Ref: Swallen (1955: 50), Davidse et al. (1994: 357). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: TOLEDO: Columbia Gentle, P.H. 6166 (MO). Axonopus poiophyllus Chase Syn: Axonopus blakei Hitchc.. Ref: Swallen (1955: 50), Davidse et al. (1994: 356). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32786 (MO); Rancho Davidse, G. 32921A (MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4105 (MO). Axonopus purpusii (Mez) Chase Ref: Swallen (1955: 52), Davidse et al. (1994: 356). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Vincent, M.A. 6046 (MO); Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8433 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32973 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10060 (MO), Worthington, R.D. 21384 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 21 Dwyer, J.D. 12710A (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32846 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37064 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2717 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32777 (MO). Chloris barbata Sw. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011); Davidse et al. (1998+). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 186) suggest that this name may have been misapplied to the species Chloris inflata Link in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Gentry, A.H. 8050 (MO); Crooked Tree Vincent, M.A. 5928 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23282 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24069 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 207 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32937 (MO). Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. Ref: Swallen (1955: 98), Davidse et al. (1994: 272). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32936 (MO). Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 323). Note: The variety ramosum (Griseb.) Davidse is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Vincent, M.A. 6044 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32986 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32789 (MO), 32806 (MO); Rancho Davidse, G. 32927 (MO). Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 324). Note: The variety acuminatum and the variety longiligulatum (Nash) Gould & C.A.Clark are both used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 6937 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9427 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32981 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32844 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36312 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 184 (E); Rancho Davidse, G. 32911 (MO). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8170 (MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 728 (MO); Stann Creek Valley Kinloch, J.B. 191 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32452 (MO). Dichanthelium ensifolium (Baldwin ex Elliott) Gould Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 323). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8500 (MO); Gracie Rock Gentle, P.H. 1556 (MO). Dichanthelium portoricense (Desv. ex Ham.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 323). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8430 (MO); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10062 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4201 (MO). 92 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Elliott) Gould Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 324). Note: The variety floridanum (Vasey) Davidse is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32994 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Gentry, A.H. 7860 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2617 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23259 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10716 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37044 (MO). Dichanthelium strigosum (Muhl. ex Elliott) Freckmann Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 323). Note: The variety strigosum is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32982 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10082 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32810 (MO). STANN CREEK: Mullins River Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8550 (MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 711 (MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3748 (MO). Dichanthelium viscidellum (Scribn.) Gould Syn: Panicum blakei Swallen. Ref: Swallen (1955: 242), Davidse et al. (1994: 325). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Worthington, R.D. 24053 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24077A (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32735 (MO), 32802 (MO); Carmelita Davidse, G. 32839 (MO); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17200 (MO). Digitaria cayoensis Swallen Ref: Swallen (1955: 106), Davidse et al. (1994: 369). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 240A (E). Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Ref: Swallen (1955: 112), Davidse et al. (1994: 329). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24012 (MO). Echinolaena gracilis Swallen Ref: Swallen (1955: 115), Davidse et al. (1994: 302). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8162 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32468 (MO). Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Ref: Swallen (1955: 115), Davidse et al. (1994: 272). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1228 (MO). Eragrostis acutiflora (Kunth) Nees Ref: Swallen (1955: 119), Davidse et al. (1994: 267). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1821 (BRH, E). Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 269). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23841 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32853 (MO). STANN CREEK: Savannah Airport Dwyer, J.D. 12732 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32466 (MO). Eragrostis bahiensis Schrad. ex Schult. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 269). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21311 (MO). Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 264). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Hattieville MacDaniel, S. 14284 (MO). Eragrostis elliottii S. Watson Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 268). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21316 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33193 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12473 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 33011 (MO); Maskall Whitefoord, C. 2178 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23253 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14987 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24083 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32843 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36341 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 206 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37071 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32932 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 257 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 266 (E), 277 (E); Rancho Davidse, G. 32904 (MO). Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 268). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23940 (MO); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14926 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 93 Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. Ref: Swallen (1955: 124), Davidse et al. (1994: 265). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: TOLEDO: Big Creek Gentle, P.H. 4030 (MO). Eragrostis maypurensis (Kunth) Steud. Ref: Swallen (1955: 127), Davidse et al. (1994: 267). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1093 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32944 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32778 (MO); Carmelita Davidse, G. 32820 (MO). STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 729 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32502 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3887 (MO). Eragrostis prolifera (Sw.) Steud. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 269). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Coast. Voucher: TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1217 (MO). Eragrostis rufescens Schrad. ex Schult. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 267). Note: The variety mesoamericana Davidse is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1812 (MO); International Airport Bartlett, H.H. 11257 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 12147 (MO). STANN CREEK: Sarawee Gentle, P.H. 7855 (MO). Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 288). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Coast. Voucher: TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3906 (MO). Gymnopogon spicatus (Spreng.) Kuntze Ref: Swallen (1955: 157), Davidse et al. (1994: 290). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 787 (MO). Homolepis aturensis (Kunth) Chase Ref: Swallen (1955: 166), Davidse et al. (1994: 327). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24060 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2294 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 247 (E). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32487 (MO). Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf Ref: Swallen (1955: 170), Davidse et al. (1994: 394). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9625 (MO). ORANGE WALK: San Felipe Davidse, G. 32717 (MO). Hypogynium virgatum (Desv. ex Ham.) Dandy Syn: Andropogon virgatus Desv. ex Ham.. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 390). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Runaway Creek RCNP GR11 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1221 (MO), Davidse, G. 32451 (MO); Southern Highway Croat, T.B. 24192 (MO). Ichnanthus calvescens (Nees ex Trin.) Döll Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 300). Note: The variety scabrior Döll is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9449 (MO). Ichnanthus lanceolatus Scribn. & J.G. Sm. Ref: Swallen (1955: 173), Davidse et al. (1994: 301). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37018 (MO). Ichnanthus pallens (Sw.) Munro ex Benth. Syn: Ichnanthus brevivaginatus Swallen. Ref: Swallen (1955: 174), Davidse et al. (1994: 301). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 784 (MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3900 (MO). Isachne polygonoides (Lam.) Döll Ref: Swallen (1955: 179), Davidse et al. (1994: 377). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 777 (MO). Ischaemum latifolium (Spreng.) Kunth Ref: Swallen (1955: 180), Davidse et al. (1994: 387). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9601 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33195 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12192 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24019 (MO), Liesner, R.L. 1432 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 35 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32946 94 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. (MO). STANN CREEK: Placencia Balick, M.J. 3068 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1223 (MO), Davidse, G. 32503 (MO); Southern Highway Croat, T.B. 24184 (MO). Lasiacis procerrima (Hack.) Hitchc. Ref: Swallen (1955: 189), Davidse et al. (1994: 320). Local Name: Rat Rice, Wild Rice. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3692 (MO). Lasiacis rugelii (Griseb.) Hitchc. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 320). Note: The variety rugelii is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4249 (MO). Leptochloa virgata (L.) P. Beauv. Ref: Swallen (1955: 196), Davidse et al. (1994: 261). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24017 (MO), 24053 (MO). Leptocoryphium lanatum (Kunth) Nees Ref: Swallen (1955: 197), Davidse et al. (1994: 371). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Vincent, M.A. 6045 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9737 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32980 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10052 (MO), 10083 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Gentry, A.H. 7869 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32855 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36345 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37062 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32779 (MO); Rancho Davidse, G. 32926 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 793 (MO). Mesosetum filifolium F.T. Hubb. Ref: Swallen (1955: 210), Davidse et al. (1994: 355). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32974 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10041 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Gentry, A.H. 7870 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32852 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 48 (MO), Martínez, W. 3 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Crankshaw, W.B. s.n. (MO), Spellman, D.L. 1512 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37063 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32951 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32780 (MO); Rancho Davidse, G. 32915 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 792 (MO). Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P. Beauv. Ref: Swallen (1955: 227), Davidse et al. (1994: 299). Note: The subspecies hirtellus is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1059 (MO). Panicum aquaticum Poir. Ref: Swallen (1955: 240), Davidse et al. (1994: 305). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32947 (MO). Panicum bartlettii Swallen Ref: Swallen (1955: 241), Davidse et al. (1994: 314). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32539 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1222 (MO). Panicum cyanescens Nees ex Trin. Ref: Swallen (1955: 244), Davidse et al. (1994: 313). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8464 (MO), 8493 (MO); Burrell Boom Gentry, A.H. 8051 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 15 Anderson, R.C. 666 (MO), Crankshaw, W.B. 45 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2333 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2406 (MO). STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Vincent, M.A. 6192 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1049 (MO); Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4120 (MO); Southern Highway Croat, T.B. 24185 (MO). Panicum hirtum Lam. Ref: Swallen (1955: 250), Davidse et al. (1994: 314). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 979 (MO). CAYO: Duck Run Bartlett, H.H. 11533 (MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3883 (MO). Panicum laxum Sw. Syn: Steinchisma laxa (Sw.) Zuloaga. Ref: Swallen (1955: 251), Davidse et al. (1994: 312), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011), Zuloaga et al. (2003: 608). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37022 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32998 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10097 VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 95 (MO), 11056 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23967 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24025 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36330 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2753 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32836 (MO). TOLEDO: Southern Highway Croat, T.B. 24185 (MO). Panicum parvifolium Lam. Ref: Swallen (1955: 257), Davidse et al. (1994: 313). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32970 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36329 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Anderson, R.C. 562 (MO), Vaughan, J.E. 276A (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2407 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32469 (MO). Panicum pilosum Sw. Ref: Swallen (1955: 258), Davidse et al. (1994: 312). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7945 (MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3670 (MO). Panicum pulchellum Raddi Ref: Swallen (1955: 259), Davidse et al. (1994: 316). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32501 (MO). Panicum rudgei Roem. & Schult. Ref: Swallen (1955: 260), Davidse et al. (1994: 309). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8510 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32456 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3862 (MO). Panicum stenodes Griseb. Ref: Swallen (1955: 264); Davidse et al. (1994: 310). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32985 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1033 (MO), Davidse, G. 32453 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3769 (MO). Panicum tenerum Beyr. ex Trin. Ref: Swallen (1955: 265), Davidse et al. (1994: 310). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 6936 (MO); Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37025 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15063 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32978 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Rancho Davidse, G. 32923 (MO). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8358 (MO); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8472 (MO). TOLEDO: Machaca Forest Reserve Hunt, D.R. 497 (MO). Panicum virgatum L. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 308). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 190) suggest that this name may have been misapplied to the species Panicum altum Hitchc. & Chase in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Ibáñez García, A. 281 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 232 (E), 264 (E). Paspalum blodgettii Chapm. Ref: Swallen (1955: 275), Davidse et al. (1994: 346). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24046 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32845 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Rancho Davidse, G. 32918 (MO). Paspalum clavuliferum C. Wright Ref: Swallen (1955: 277), Davidse et al. (1994: 347). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 50 MacDaniel, S. 14494 (MO). Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius Ref: Swallen (1955: 277), Davidse et al. (1994: 349). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2720 (MO). Paspalum lineare Trin. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 343). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1513 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37061 (MO). STANN CREEK: Savannah Airport Dwyer, J.D. 12733 (MO). Paspalum millegrana Schrad. Ref: Swallen (1955: 286), Davidse et al. (1994: 350). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12469 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 3020 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32948 (MO). 96 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Paspalum minus E. Fourn. Ref: Swallen (1955: 286), Davidse et al. (1994: 342). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9493 (MO). Paspalum multicaule Poir. Ref: Swallen (1955: 286), Davidse et al. (1994: 347). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9524 (MO); International Airport Dwyer, J.D. 9067 (MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4101 (MO); Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4039 (MO). Paspalum peckii F.T. Hubb. Ref: Swallen (1955: 288), Davidse et al. (1994: 343). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Manatee Lagoon Peck, M.E. 71 (MO—Type of Paspalum peckii). ENDEMIC. Paspalum pectinatum Nees ex Trin. Ref: Swallen (1955: 289), Davidse et al. (1994: 339). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Gales Point Nee, M. 46904 (MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4044 (MO). Paspalum pictum Ekman Syn: Paspalum maculatum Nash. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 347). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36319 (MO). Paspalum plicatulum Michx. Ref: Swallen (1955: 290), Davidse et al. (1994: 351). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32969 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 50 MacDaniel, S. 14502 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24033B (MO), 24046A (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32809 (MO); Rancho Davidse, G. 32913 (MO). TOLEDO: Southern Highway Croat, T.B. 24183 (MO). Paspalum pulchellum Kunth Ref: Swallen (1955: 290), Davidse et al. (1994: 352). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Vincent, M.A. 6047 (MO), Worthington, R.D. 21281 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12376 (MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32976 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 10054 (MO), MacDaniel, S. 14276 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Dwyer, J.D. 10926 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 23997 (MO), 24033A (MO), 24083A (MO), Gentry, A.H. 7859 (MO), 7864 (MO); Runaway Creek RCNP GR3 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36320 (MO), Kay, E. 50 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37065 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Rancho Davidse, G. 32922 (MO). STANN CREEK: Savannah Forest Station Crankshaw, W.B. 50 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1215 (MO); Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4043 (MO). Paspalum serpentinum Hochst. ex Steud. Ref: Swallen (1955: 291), Davidse et al. (1994: 342). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24033C (MO), Gentry, A.H. 7863 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 344 (E); Rancho Davidse, G. 32920 (MO). Paspalum setaceum Michx. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 343). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 237 (E). Pennisetum setosum (Sw.) Rich. Ref: Swallen (1955: 300), Davidse et al. (1994: 373). Local Name: Foxtail. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8416 (MO). Pentarrhaphis scabra Kunth Ref: Swallen (1955: 302), Davidse et al. (1994: 295). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9748 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36340 (MO). Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton Syn: Rottboellia exaltata L. f.. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 398). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32826 (MO). Sacciolepis myuros (Lam.) Chase Ref: Swallen (1955: 326), Davidse et al. (1994: 328). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32991 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32874 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 3134 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35730 (MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 752 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32497 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 97 Schizachyrium microstachyum (Desv. ex Ham.) Roseng., B.R. Arrill. & Izag. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 393). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24011 (MO), 24059 (MO). STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 756 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1035 (MO). Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 392). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23835 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32886 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32470 (MO). Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 362). Local Name: Fox Tail Grass. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2285 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4203 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3831 (MO). Setaria tenacissima Schrad. ex Schult. Ref: Swallen (1955: 334), Davidse et al. (1994: 361). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 23896 (MO). Sorghastrum setosum (Griseb.) Hitchc. Ref: Swallen (1955: 342), Davidse et al. (1994: 383). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8481 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Ibáñez García, A. 283 (E). Spartina spartinae (Trin.) Merr. ex Hitchc. Ref: Swallen (1955: 345), Davidse et al. (1994: 292). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Coast. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 13 Whitefoord, C. 2269 (MO). Sporobolus cubensis Hitchc. Ref: Swallen (1955: 346), Davidse et al. (1994: 275). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Gracie Rock Gentle, P.H. 1549 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37067 (MO). Sporobolus jacquemontii Kunth Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 273). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Boom Town O'Neill, H. 8441 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 77 (MO). STANN CREEK: Dangriga Gentle, P.H. 7948 (MO). Thrasya campylostachya (Hack.) Chase Ref: Swallen (1955: 355), Davidse et al. (1994: 353). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32975 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32492 (MO). Thrasya trinitensis Mez Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 354). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Davidse, G. 32954 (MO). STANN CREEK: Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8272 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1219 (MO), Davidse, G. 32454 (MO); Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4069 (MO). Trachypogon plumosus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Nees Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 381). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 193) suggest that this name may be a synonym of the name Trachypogon spicatus (L. f.) Kuntze in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2719 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1214 (MO). Tripsacum latifolium Hitchc. Ref: Swallen (1955: 363), Davidse et al. (1994: 399). Local Name: Dumb Cane. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32841 (MO). STANN CREEK: Gentle, P.H. 7890 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32500 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3861 (MO). Urochloa fusca (Sw.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin Ref: Davidse et al. (1994), Davidse et al. (1998+), Zuloaga et al. (2003: 631). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall O'Neill, H. 8453 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24045 (MO). STANN CREEK: Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 374 (MO). 98 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. POLYGALACEAE Bredemeyera lucida (Benth.) Klotzsch ex Hassk. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 6), Stevens et al. (2001: 2155). Habit: Climber/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1826 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Goodwin, Z.A. 1779 (BRH, E), Proctor, G.R. 35710 (BM, MO); Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7884 (BM); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 169 (BM, BRH). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1691 (BRH, E); Jenkins Creek Hunt, D.R. 362 (BM); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3894 (MO). Polygala adenophora DC. Syn: Polygala incarnata L.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 10), Stevens et al. (2001: 2159), Bernardi (2000: 112), Blake (1916: 101). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9394 (MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 150 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1693 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2730 (BM), 8343 (BM), 8349 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 26 Sutton, D.A. 170 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 29 Goodwin, Z.A. 1038 (E); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2310 (BM, MO), 2414 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Blackburn & Indian Hill Work Goodwin, Z.A. 1155 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 2km South Irving, H. 171 (BM, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. S195 (BM, BRH); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8282 (MO). TOLEDO: Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1045 (E); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1312 (BRH, E), 1362 (BRH, E); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1064 (E). Polygala asperuloides Kunth Syn: Polygala aparinoides Hook. & Arn.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 11), Stevens et al. (2001: 2159), Bernardi (2000: 144), Blake (1916: 83). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2296 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2397 (BM). STANN CREEK: Hughes Estate Goodwin, Z.A. 1198 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve South Goodwin, Z.A. 1708 (BRH, E). Polygala glochidiata Kunth Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 14), Stevens et al. (2001: 2161), Bernardi (2000: 163), Blake (1916: 91). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1120 (BRH, E). Polygala hygrophila Kunth Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 16), Stevens et al. (2001: 2162), Bernardi (2000: 207), Blake (1916: 89). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1694 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 10722 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Vaughan, J.E. 281 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Blackburn & Indian Hill Work Goodwin, Z.A. 1158 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 2km South Costion, C.M. 1251 (E), Miller, J.A. 1 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35726 (BM, BRH, MO), Schipp, W.A. 553 (BM, BRH, MO). TOLEDO: BFREE Reserve, Access Road Whitefoord, C. 106246 (BM); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1059 (E). Polygala longicaulis Kunth Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 17), Stevens et al. (2001: 2163), Bernardi (2000: 116), Blake (1916: 93). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9388 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15066 (BRH, MO); Hattieville MacDaniel, S. 14279 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1341 (MO); Monkey Bay Woo, J. 149 (BRH); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14983 (BRH, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 10722A (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 40 Goodwin, Z.A. 1131 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 50 MacDaniel, S. 14497 (MO); Parrots Wood Whitefoord, C. 2696 (BM, MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24000 (MO), Gentry, A.H. 7875 (MO); Tiger Sandy Bay Goodwin, Z.A. 1086 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 199 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Crankshaw, W.B. 7 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 2 Dwyer, J.D. 12734 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 28 Whitefoord, C. 9584 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 29 Goodwin, Z.A. 1036 (E); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2415 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 33 Sorenson, P.D. 7106 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Blackburn & Indian Hill Work Goodwin, Z.A. 1154 (BRH, E); Hill Bank Seed, L. 3 (E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 20 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 554 (BM, BRH, MO); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8277 (MO). TOLEDO: Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Bridgewater, S.G.M. 4080 (E); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3667 (MO); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Williams, O.L. 1 (BRH, E); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1054 (E), 1058 (E). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 99 Polygala paniculata L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 17), Stevens et al. (2001: 2163), Bernardi (2000: 13), Blake (1916: 99). Local Name: Pepamento. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Goodwin, Z.A. 1536 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 50 MacDaniel, S. 14492 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 29 Goodwin, Z.A. 1467 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 752 (BM, BRH, MO); Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7984 (MO). Polygala tenella Willd. Syn: Polygala leptocaulis Torr. & A. Gray Polygala linoides Poir. var. laxiflora Grondona. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 17), Standley & Steyermark (1949: 17), Bernardi (2000: 193). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9413 (MO); Hattieville MacDaniel, S. 14272 (MO), Wiley, J.R. 222 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7634 (MO); Maskall Whitefoord, C. 2180 (BM, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Dwyer, J.D. 10930 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12616 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2571 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 3078 (BM). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 3km South Irving, H. 160 (E). Polygala trichosperma L. Syn: Polygala variabilis Kunth Polygala variabilis Kunth fm. leucanthema Polygala variabilis Kunth fm. typica. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 20), Stevens et al. (2001: 2165), Bernardi (2000: 123), Blake (1916: 95). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 3148 (BM, MO); Hattieville MacDaniel, S. 14296 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Dwyer, J.D. 11404 (MO), Gentry, A.H. 7633 (MO), 7635 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 40 Goodwin, Z.A. 1134 (BRH, E); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Gentry, A.H. 7874 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2686 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1542 (E, MO); Western Highway, Mile 29 Goodwin, Z.A. 1037 (E); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2327 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 306 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Robertson, J. 194 (BM), Schipp, W.A. 602 (BM, BRH, MO); Big Creek MacDaniel, S. 12951 (MO); Commerce Bight Gentle, P.H. 8284 (MO); Silk Grass Goodwin, Z.A. 1191 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1264 (BRH, E); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1043 (E), 1377 (BRH, E); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3634 (MO). POLYGONACEAE Coccoloba barbadensis Jacq. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Fresh Water Grape, Wild Grape. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33173 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 158 (E). Coccoloba belizensis Standl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 110), Stevens et al. (2001: 2170), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Berry Tree, Bob, Niiche, Oha Ancha, Papa Turro, Papaturo, Seaside Grape, She Bob, Uva Montes, Uva Silvestre, Wild Grape. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: Huston, J.S. 589 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 794 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4080 (MO). Coccoloba cozumelensis Hemsl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 112), Stevens et al. (2001: 2170), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Manzanilla, Uva, Wild Grape. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1068 (MO). Coccoloba hondurensis Lundell Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 116). Local Name: Bobche, Female Wild Grape, Iril, Wild Grape. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Indian Church Arnason, T. 17166 (MO). TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3716 (MO). Coccoloba humboldtii Meisn. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32525 (MO). Coccoloba reflexiflora Standl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 115), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Wild Grape. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Goodwin, Z.A. 1531 (BRH, E); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7628 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 37 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 5 Wiley, J.R. 216 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 282 (E), Ibáñez García, A. 130 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Goodwin, Z.A. 109 (E). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4150 (MO). 100 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Coccoloba swartzii Meisn. Syn: Coccoloba corozalensis Lundell Coccoloba gentlei Lundell. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 112), Stevens et al. (2001: 2172). Local Name: Small Leaf Wild Grape, Wild Grape. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3651 (MO), 3656 (MO). Gymnopodium floribundum Rolfe Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 119), Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 119). Note: The subspecies floribundum is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Bastard Logwood. Habit: Climber/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10091 (MO), Huston, J.S. 566 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1143 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Dwyer, J.D. 12666 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23257 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24018 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 192 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Whitefoord, C. 2527 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 633 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2710 (MO). CAYO: Spanish Lookout Goodwin, Z.A. 1726 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1574 (BRH, E); East Gate Ronse de Craene, L. 1453 (E); Hill Bank Bridgewater, S.G.M. 2750 (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1863 (BRH, E); Tiger Creek Tosh, J. 1 (E). Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small Syn: Polygonum punctatum Elliott. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 129), Stevens et al. (2001: 2175), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 190 (E). PONTEDERIACEAE Pontederia cordata L. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 69). Note: The variety cordata is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Hattieville Wiley, J.R. 228 (MO). Pontederia rotundifolia L. f. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 50), Stevens et al. (2001: 2180), Davidse et al. (1994: 70). Local Name: Water Lily. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3700 (MO). PORTULACACEAE Portulaca pilosa L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 212), Stevens et al. (2001: 2182). Local Name: Mananita, Tsayoch. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Coast. Vouchers: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24026 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2340 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 327 (E). POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton illinoensis Morong Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 71), Stevens et al. (2001: 2184), Davidse et al. (1994: 14). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33157 (MO); Hector Creek Gentle, P.H. 1433 (MO). PROTEACEAE Roupala montana Aubl. Syn: Roupala borealis Hemsl. Roupala repanda Lundell. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 61), Stevens et al. (2001: 2186). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Monro, A.K. 1104 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1687 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 28 Whitefoord, C. 9588 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 325 (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1860 (BRH, E); Tiger Creek Aubrey, C. 1 (E). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4196 (MO—Type of Roupala repanda). RHIZOPHORACEAE Cassipourea elliptica (Sw.) Poir. Syn: Cassipourea belizensis Lundell Cassipourea guianensis Aubl. Cassipourea podantha Standl.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2200), Standley & Williams (1962: 264), Davidse et al. (2009: 339). Local VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 101 Name: Bastard Waterwood, Broken Ridge Waterwood, Goatwood, High Ridge Waterwood, Mountain Waterwood, Small Leaf Waterwood, Waterwood. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33185 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15085 (MO); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10066 (MO); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14934 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 271 (E), 277 (E), Ibáñez García, A. 147A (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1839 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 3km South Gulliver, S. 3 (E). STANN CREEK: Mullins River Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8579 (MO); Sarawee Gentle, P.H. 2749 (MO). Rhizophora mangle L. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2201), Standley & Williams (1962: 266), Davidse et al. (2009: 338). Local Name: Colorado, Mangle Colorado, Red Mangle, Red Mangrove, Tapche. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Coast. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 202 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 470 (E). STANN CREEK: Southern Highway Stevenson, D.W. 1131 (MO). RUBIACEAE Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich. ex DC. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2211), Standley & Williams (1975: 7), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Gibnut Fruit, Guayaba de Monte, Sul-sul, Sul-sul Chico, Tuntun, Wild Guava. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 29 Bridgewater, S.G.M. 4022 (E). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 313 (E), 323 (E); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 159 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 253 (E). STANN CREEK: Mullins River Road Schipp, W.A. 195 (MO). TOLEDO: Southern Highway Croat, T.B. 24180 (MO). Amaioua corymbosa Kunth Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2211), Standley & Williams (1975: 10), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Bastard Coffee, Wild Coffee. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Hawkins, T. 1560 (MO); Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1460 (BRH, E); Coastal Highway, Mile 5 Nee, M. 46894 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1010 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 23 (MO); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14910 (MO), 14931A (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 310 (E), 373 (E); East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 283 (E). STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8225 (MO); Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 701 (MO); Silk Grass Bridgewater, S.G.M. 4039 (E); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 277 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1225 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1705 (BRH, E); Deep River Forest Reserve South Goodwin, Z.A. 1368 (BRH, E); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3654 (MO); Pine Hill Holst, B.K. 7070 (MO). Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2219), Standley & Williams (1975: 33), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Canchacche, Dama de la Noche de Pine Ridge, Pax-che, Pay-che, Skunk Root, Zorillo. Habit: Climber/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21295 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9629 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1340 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Dwyer, J.D. 10932 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24030 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 141 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 565 (MO). Chiococca belizensis Lundell Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2219), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Night Bloom, Snowberry. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10065 (MO). STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8221 (MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4115 (MO—Type of Chiococca belizensis); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3653 (MO). Coccocypselum guianense (Aubl.) K. Schum. Ref: Standley & Williams (1975: 42), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 173 (E). STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 721 (MO). Coccocypselum herbaceum Aubl. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2222), Standley & Williams (1975: 42). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Rio Bravo Oldroyd, L. 1 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1051 (E); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1346 (BRH, E). 102 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2222), Standley & Williams (1975: 43), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2513 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 3km South Irving, H. 157 (E). Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2227), Standley & Williams (1975: 56), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4059 (MO). Diodella apiculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Delprete Syn: Diodia apiculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum. Diodia rigida Cham. & Schltdl. Spermacoce apiculata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2228), Standley & Williams (1975: 64), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21294 (MO); Boom Ferry Road Sorenson, P.D. 7084 (MO); Burrell Boom MacDaniel, S. 12826 (MO); Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1852 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33198 (MO); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10079 (MO), Huston, J.S. 547 (MO), Sorenson, P.D. 7086 (MO); Manatee Gentle, P.H. 3418 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23264 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36314 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 10702 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 202A (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1536 (MO), Vaughan, J.E. 284A (MO). CAYO: Spanish Lookout Ratter, J.A. 5188 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Heller, T.M. 9 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Galley, C.A. 15 (BM, E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17132 (MO), 17856 (MO); Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1478 (BRH, E); Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 8 (BM, E). STANN CREEK: Mullins River Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8544 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4106 (MO); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1386 (BRH, E); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3688 (MO); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1303 (BRH, E). Diodella sarmentosa (Sw.) Bacigalupo & Cabral ex Borhidi Syn: Diodia sarmentosa Sw.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2229), Standley & Williams (1975: 65), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9471 (MO). STANN CREEK: Mango Creek MacDaniel, S. 12991 (MO); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8410 (MO). Diodella teres (Walter) Small Syn: Diodia teres Walter. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2229), Standley & Williams (1975: 65), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 142) suggest that the name Diodia teres Walter (treated here as a synonym of Diodella teres (Walter) Small) has been misapplied to Diodia apiculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum. (treated here as a synonym of Diodella apiculata (Sw.) Bacigalupo & Cabral ex Borhidi) in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 40 Goodwin, Z.A. 1129 (BRH, E) Western Highway, Mile 28 Whitefoord, C. 9580 (BM). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32801 (MO); Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 1001A (E); Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1110 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1263 (BRH, E). Gonzalagunia panamensis (Cav.) K. Schum. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2235), Standley & Williams (1975: 84), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Saca Tinta. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Gracie Rock Whitefoord, C. 3158 (MO). Guettarda combsii Urb. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2236), Standley & Williams (1975: 87), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Arepa, Glassy Wood, Glossy Wood, Green Star, Pine Ridge Glossy Wood, Ta Stab, Tas 'Tap, Tas-tas, Verde Lucero. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Vincent, M.A. 6069 (MO); Northern Highway Worthington, R.D. 21402 (MO). CAYO: Western Highway, Mile 47 Whitefoord, C. 3092 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 311 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 574 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4146 (MO). Guettarda deamii Standl. Ref: Standley & Williams (1975: 88), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 3086 (MO). Guettarda gaumeri Standl. Ref: Standley & Williams (1975: 89), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Climber/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1510 (BRH, E); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 148B (E). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 103 Machaonia acuminata Bonpl. Ref: Standley & Williams (1975: 120), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Tree/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville MacDaniel, S. 14274 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 333 (E). Machaonia lindeniana Baill. Ref: Standley & Williams (1975: 120), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Climber/Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 9 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 280 (E). Malanea erecta Seem. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2244), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: TOLEDO: Condemned Branch Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 5133 (MO). Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. Syn: Mitracarpus verticillatus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Vatke. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2245), Standley & Williams (1975: 124), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Rio Bravo Forrest, A.D. 1 (E). STANN CREEK: Silk Grass Road Gentle, P.H. 8142 (MO). Mitracarpus linearifolius A. Rich. Syn: Borreria rhadinophylla B.L. Rob. Mitracarpus rhadinophyllus (B.L. Rob.) L.O. Williams. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2245), Standley & Williams (1975: 124), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 11031 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12007 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 10487 (MO), Proctor, G.R. 19535 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 28 Whitefoord, C. 9590 (BM). STANN CREEK: Mullins River Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8562 (MO). Morinda guatemalensis (Donn. Sm.) Steyerm. Syn: Appunia guatemalensis Donn. Sm.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1975: 14), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Night Bloom, Pine Ridge Coffee. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10069 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2561 (MO), 3075 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4163 (MO); Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3682 (MO). Morinda panamensis Seem. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2246), Standley & Williams (1975: 126), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Can-y-che, Dogwood, K'ani-chi', Turkey Victuals, Yellow-wood. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Orange Point Gentle, P.H. 7645 (MO). Morinda royoc L. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2246), Standley & Williams (1975: 127), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Ax Ak, Pina Chom, Wart Vine, Wild Pine. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1572 (BRH, E); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33167 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 3133 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36309 (MO), Kay, E. 31 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 42 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 24 Davidse, G. 37049 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32931 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 1003A (E); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 132 (E); Hill Bank, 1km South Ganesan, S.K. 85 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17136 (MO). STANN CREEK: Hughes Estate Goodwin, Z.A. 1207 (BRH, E). Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2247), Standley & Williams (1975: 129), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14928 (MO). Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. Ref: Standley & Williams (1975: 129), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 144) suggest that this name has been misapplied to the species Oldenlandia lancifolia (Schumach.) DC. in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 3136 (MO). Oldenlandia lancifolia (Schumach.) DC. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2247), Standley & Williams (1975: 129), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 144) suggest that the name Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. has been misapplied to this species in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 664 (MO). 104 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Palicourea thyrsiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Southern Highway Croat, T.B. 24189 (MO). Palicourea triphylla DC. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2249), Standley & Williams (1975: 133), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: CAYO: Whitefoord, C. 2791 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 298 (E), 2559 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Vincent, M.A. 5329 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32482 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1227 (BRH, E); Southern Highway Croat, T.B. 24189 (MO). Pittoniotis protracta (Bartl. ex DC.) Griseb. Syn: Anisomeris protracta (Bartl. ex DC.) Standl. Chomelia protracta (Bartl. ex DC.) Standl. Guettarda protracta Bartl. ex DC.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2221), Standley & Williams (1975: 12), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Pine Ridge Coffee, Wild Coffee. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Vincent, M.A. 6072 (MO), Worthington, R.D. 21300 (MO); Boom Town MacDaniel, S. 14322 (MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 8298 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9459 (MO); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15092 (MO); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10059 (MO), Huston, J.S. 548 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1011 (MO), 1357 (MO), 1358 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14965 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Croat, T.B. 23293 (MO); Parrots Wood Whitefoord, C. 2708 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2514 (MO), 3076 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2308 (MO), 2469 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 5 Wiley, J.R. 215 (MO); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14931 (MO). CAYO: Spanish Lookout Ratter, J.A. 5184 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 334 (E). STANN CREEK: Hummingbird-Southern Highway Intersection Balick, M.J. 3033 (MO); Sittee Road Gentle, P.H. 7983 (MO); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 288 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1213 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve South Goodwin, Z.A. 1372 (BRH, E); Jacinto Creek Gentle, P.H. 4966 (MO); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1413 (BRH, E); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3759 (MO). Psychotria biaristata Bartl. ex DC. Syn: Psychotria fruticetorum Standl. Psychotria graciliflora Benth.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1975: 151), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Bak-y-ak, Bird Berries, Gueso de Tortuga, Lemonaria, Lima del Monte, Mountain Lime, Turtle Bones. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1569 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14705 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Croat, T.B. 23291 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 5 Wiley, J.R. 213 (MO), 214 (MO); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14933 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 331 (E); East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 279 (E), Ibáñez García, A. 181 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 481 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 250 (E); Hill Bank, 2km South Wangchuck, K. 6 (E); San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1546 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Maya Center Balick, M.J. 3038 (NY). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3600 (MO); Punta Gorda-San Antonio Road, Mile 12 Gentle, P.H. 6689 (MO). Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2258), Standley & Williams (1975: 146), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Maya Center Balick, M.J. 3039 (MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4153 (MO); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3799 (MO). Psychotria costivenia Griseb. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2260), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 12462 (MO). Psychotria deflexa DC. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2261), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4181 (MO). Psychotria glomerulata (Donn. Sm.) Steyerm. Syn: Cephaelis glomerulata. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2263), Standley & Williams (1975: 31), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Bladen Nature Reserve Iremonger, S. 593A (MO); Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4129 (MO). Psychotria gracilenta Müll. Arg. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2263), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14941 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 105 Psychotria officinalis (Aubl.) Raeusch. ex Sandwith Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2269), Standley & Williams (1975: 159), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 335 (E); East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 179A (E). Psychotria poeppigiana Müll. Arg. Syn: Cephaelis tomentosa. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2270), Standley & Williams (1975: 31), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Cholom-ak-tsâ, Hot Lips. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1831 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Vincent, M.A. 5328 (MO). Psychotria quinqueradiata Pol. Syn: Psychotria oerstediana (Kuntze) Standl.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2271), Standley & Williams (1975: 159), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Ridge Lagoon Plantation Dwyer, J.D. 12552 (MO). Randia aculeata L. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2275), Standley & Williams (1975: 169), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 139 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 278 (E). Randia monantha Benth. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2276), Standley & Williams (1975: 173), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4083 (MO). Richardia scabra L. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2278), Standley & Williams (1975: 177), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23958 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2338 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 695 (MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4070 (MO). Ronabea latifolia Aubl. Syn: Appunia parviflora Lundell Psychotria erecta (Aubl.) Standl. & Steyerm.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1975: 150), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Silk Grass Creek Gentle, P.H. 2986 (MICH, MO—Type of Appunia parviflora). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4117 (MO). Spermacoce densiflora (DC.) Alain Syn: Borreria densiflora DC.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2215), Standley & Williams (1975: 19), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9443 (MO); Northern Highway Iremonger, S. 832 (MO); Sand Hill Davidse, G. 32875 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32549 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32749 (MO). Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. Syn: Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) K. Schum.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2215), Standley & Williams (1975: 20), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: TOLEDO: Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3777 (MO). Spermacoce ocymifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Syn: Diodia ocymifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Bremek. Hemidiodia ocymifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2215), Standley & Williams (1975: 95), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Yierba del Crucita. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1555 (MO). TOLEDO: Punta Gorda-San Antonio Road, Mile 12 Gentle, P.H. 6688 (MO). Spermacoce prostrata Aubl. Syn: Borreria prostrata (Aubl.) Miq.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2216), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 12 Dwyer, J.D. 14717A (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 3135 (MO); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14930 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 719 (MO). Spermacoce remota Lam. Syn: Borreria remota (Lam.) Bacigalupo & E.L. Cabral. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 2714 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Whitefoord, C. 8121 (MO). 106 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Spermacoce suaveolens (G. Mey.) Kuntze Syn: Borreria suaveolens G. Mey.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2216), Standley & Williams (1975: 21), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom MacDaniel, S. 12836 (MO), 12856 (MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 3149 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9447 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 15 Arvigo, R. 372 (MO, NY); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2685 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36317 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 200A (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1515 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2311 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 33 Sorenson, P.D. 7103 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Goodwin, Z.A. 680 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35722 (MO), Schipp, W.A. 600 (MO). Spermacoce tenuior L. Syn: Spermacoce confusa Rendle. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2283), Standley & Williams (1975: 202), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Vincent, M.A. 5925 (MO). Spermacoce verticillata L. Syn: Borreria verticillata (L.) G. Mey.. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2217), Standley & Williams (1975: 22), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9399 (MO), 9432 (MO); Hattieville Huston, J.S. 529 (MO), MacDaniel, S. 14298 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Croat, T.B. 23263 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23961 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24039 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 3132 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 33 Sorenson, P.D. 7104 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 476 (E); Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 242 (E); Hill Bank, 1km South Wangchuck, K. 1 (E); Hill Bank, 3km South Irving, H. 151 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17006 (MO), 17853 (MO); Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1482 (BRH, E), 1483 (BRH, E). RUTACEAE Amyris balsamifera L. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2287). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1139 (MO). Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 420), Stevens et al. (2001: 2301). Local Name: Bastard Prickly Yellow, Prickly Allah, Prickly Wood, Prickly Yellow. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 12 Croat, T.B. 23284 (MO). SALICACEAE Casearia aculeata Jacq. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 88). Local Name: Bird Berries, Limoncillo, Ramoncillo, Wild Lime. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Dangriga Schipp, W.A. 837 (BRH, MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3825 (MO). Casearia arguta Kunth Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 89). Local Name: Bastard Boy Cedar, Drunken Baymen Wood, Hard Moho, Monkey Plum, Sweet Wood, Sweet Wood Tree. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3911 (MO). Casearia sylvestris Sw. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 92). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1058 (MO). STANN CREEK: Sarawee Gentle, P.H. 7877 (MO). TOLEDO: Paynes Creek Ranger Station Goodwin, Z.A. 1279 (BRH, E). Laetia thamnia L. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 96). Local Name: Bullyhob, Night Perfume, Perfume de la Noche. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 2762 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Whitefoord, C. 2858 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 276 (E), Ibáñez García, A. 154 (E). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 107 Xylosma flexuosa (Kunth) Hemsl. Syn: Xylosma anisophylla Standl.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 105). Local Name: Cow Okra. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Booth River Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 316 (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1848 (BRH, E). Zuelania guidonia (Sw.) Britton & Millsp. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 108). Local Name: Chu-ya-ak, Drunken Bayman Wood, Ta'mai, Tamai, Tamay, Water-wood. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 567 (BRH). SANTALACEAE Phoradendron crassifolium (Pohl ex DC.) Eichler Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 69), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Scorn de Earth, Sueldo con Sueldo. Habit: Epiphyte/Hemiparasite. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Manatee Gentle, P.H. 3453 (MO). STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8190 (MO). Phoradendron pedicellatum (Tiegh.) Kuijt Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Scorn de Earth. Habit: Epiphyte/Hemiparasite. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1851 (MO). Phoradendron quadrangulare (Kunth) Griseb. Syn: Phoradendron quadrangulare (Kunth) Krug & Urb.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 73), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Mata Palo, Scorn de Earth. Habit: Epiphyte/Hemiparasite. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33171 (BRH, MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36339 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2458 (MO), 2499 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32559 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Linares-Palomino, R. 14 (E). STANN CREEK: Cabbage Haul Proctor, G.R. 36572 (MO); Melinda Forest Station Proctor, G.R. 36020 (BRH, MO); Mullins River Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8578 (MO). Phoradendron trinervium (Lam.) Griseb. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte/ Hemiparasite. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Hawkins, T. 1019 (MO). Phoradendron wattii Krug & Urb. Syn: Phoradendron vernicosum Greenm.. Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Epiphyte/Hemiparasite. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 3143 (MO). SAPINDACEAE Allophylus cominia (L.) Sw. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 236). Local Name: Bastard Cherry, Belo, Bichach, Bikbach, Cherry, Huesillo, Palo de Caja, Red Seed. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Savanna Ibáñez García, A. 257A (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 713 (MO). Cupania belizensis Standl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 242). Local Name: Bastard Grande Betty, Carbone, Chac Pom, Crabu-nance, Grande Betty, Grandy Betty, Granny Betty, Palo Carbon, Palo de Carbon, Red Copal. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 330 (E); Hill Bank Youngson, A. 6 (E). Cupania rufescens Triana & Planch. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 245), Stevens et al. (2001: 2312). Local Name: White Grandy Betty, Xucuroi. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1274 (BRH, E). Cupania scrobiculata Rich. Syn: Cupania auriculata Standl.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 241), Stevens et al. (2001: 2313). Local Name: Broad Leaf Grande Betty, Grande Betty. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Sapon Road Gentle, P.H. 8026 (MO). 108 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Cupania spectabilis Radlk. Syn: Cupania schippii Standl.. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 245). Local Name: Mountain Grande Betty. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 24 (MO). Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 246), Stevens et al. (2001: 2314). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1450 (BRH, E); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2743 (BM, MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 28 (MO). STANN CREEK: Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8469 (MO). Paullinia pinnata L. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 253), Stevens et al. (2001: 2320). Local Name: Fish Poison, Ombre Grande, Ombre Grande Macha, Ombre Grande Macho, Tietie. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8187 (MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 3698 (MO), 3699 (MO). Serjania adiantoides Radlk. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 258). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 69 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 145 (E). Serjania goniocarpa Radlk. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 260). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 116) suggest that this name may have been misapplied to the species Serjania lundellii Croat in Belize. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 469 (E). SAPOTACEAE Chrysophyllum cainito L. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2335), Standley & Williams (1967: 216), Davidse et al. (2009: 608). Local Name: Caimito, Commito, Star Apple. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 8290 (MO). Chrysophyllum mexicanum Brandegee ex Standl. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2336), Standley & Williams (1967: 218), Davidse et al. (2009: 608). Local Name: Agya, Caimito, Chi-que, Chiceh, Chike, Damsel, Siciya, Sik-ey-yáh, Sik-y-ya, Tzik-i-ya, Wild Coco Plum, Wild Star Apple. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Ratter, J.A. 5214 (MO); Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1821 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 50 MacDaniel, S. 14503 (MO); Tropical Education Center Kay, E. 16 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 286 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35708 (MO), Schipp, W.A. 753 (MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4092 (MO); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1409 (BRH, E). Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen Syn: Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2339), Standley & Williams (1967: 223), Davidse et al. (2009: 573). Local Name: Chicle, Chico Zapote, Red Sapodilla, Sapadilla, Sapodili, Sapote, Ya, Zapota Blanca, Zapote, Zapote Blanco, Zapote Colorado, Zapote Morado, Zapotillo. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 2855 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36310 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32560 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 577 (MO). Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2343), Standley & Williams (1967: 235), Davidse et al. (2009: 600). Local Name: Kanizte, Mamee Ciruela, Mamey Cerea, Mamey Cerilla, Sapotillo Rojo, Silillon, Zac-xanal, Zapotillo. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 754 (MO). Pouteria durlandii (Standl.) Baehni Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2344), Davidse et al. (2009: 604). Local Name: Mammy Cedrela. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Churchyard Gentle, P.H. 1809 (MO). Sideroxylon americanum (Mill.) T.D. Penn. Syn: Bumelia retusa Sw. Bumelia retusa Sw. subsp. neglecta Cronquist . Ref: Standley & Williams (1967: 215), Davidse et al. (2009: 577). Local Name: Mol-che. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Coast. Vouchers: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 3126 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 585 (MO—Type of Bumelia retusa Sw. subsp. neglecta Cronquist ). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 109 Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Humb. ex Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn. Syn: Bumelia obtusifolium Roem. & Schult. subsp. buxifolium (Roem. & Schult.) Cronquist. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2352), Standley & Williams (1967: 215), Davidse et al. (2009: 576). Note: The subspecies buxifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn. is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33175 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7641 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 10488 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24029 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36336 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Wiley, J.R. 201 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 8 MacDaniel, S. 13106 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32930 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 139A (E). SCHOEPFIACEAE Schoepfia schreberi J.F. Gmel. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 90). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4244 (MO). SIMAROUBACEAE Simarouba glauca DC. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946b: 433). Local Name: Aceituna, Dysentery Bark, Negrito, Pa-sak, Xpazakil. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 266 (E). SMILACACEAE Smilax spinosa Mill. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 98), Stevens et al. (2001: 2375), Davidse et al. (1994: 21). Local Name: Cocolineks, Dog Tongue Sarsaparilla. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1564 (BRH, E); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15095 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 155 (E). Smilax velutina Killip & C.V. Morton Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 100), Stevens et al. (2001: 2376), Davidse et al. (1994: 25). Local Name: Bastard Sarsaparilla, Pine Ridge Sarsaparilla, Wild Sarsaparilla. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1456 (BRH, E); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9513 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 580 (MO); Sapon Road Gentle, P.H. 8041 (MO). TOLEDO: Cowpen Gentle, P.H. 4021 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1242 (BRH, E). SOLANACEAE Physalis angulata L. Ref: Gentry & Standley (1974: 82). Local Name: Tomatillo. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: TOLEDO: San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6609 (MO). Physalis philadelphica Lam. Ref: Gentry & Standley (1974: 92). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Cultivated. Voucher: BELIZE: Maskall Whitefoord, C. 2184 (MO). Schwenckia americana L. Ref: Gentry & Standley (1974: 94). Note: The variety angustifolia J.A. Schmidt is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9749 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33194 (MO); Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10044 (MO), 10053 (MO), 10083 (MO); Monkey Bay Nee, M. 46874 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 10 Liesner, R.L. 1687A (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Dwyer, J.D. 10465 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36316 (MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32737 (MO); Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1577 (BRH, E); Hill Bank Forrest, A.D. 3 (E); Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1481 (BRH, E); Rancho Davidse, G. 32905 (MO); San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1560 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 686 (BM, MO). TOLEDO: Jenkins Creek Gentle, P.H. 4084 (MO); Mango Creek No 4 Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1385 (BRH, E). 110 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Solanum americanum Mill. Ref: Gentry & Standley (1974: 104). Local Name: Bocano, Cha-yúk, Hierba Mora, Pepper Plant. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1044 (MO). Solanum asperum Rich. Ref: Gentry & Standley (1974: 106). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 737 (MO); Hummingbird-Southern Highway Intersection Balick, M.J. 3027 (MO). Solanum cordovense Sessé & Moc. Ref: Gentry & Standley (1974: 113). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8081 (MO). Solanum nudum Dunal Ref: Gentry & Standley (1974: 131). Local Name: Diaper Wash, Lava Paêal, Lava Pañal, Maya Washing Soap, Mayan Soap, Nightshade, Sak-kol, Yerba de Barrer. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9738 (MO). SYMPLOCACEAE Symplocos jurgensenii Hemsl. Syn: Symplocos bicolor L.O. Williams. Ref: The Plant List (2010). Note: The name Symplocos bicolor L.O. Williams is now considered a synonym of the name Symplocos jurgensenii Hemsl. (L. Kelly pers. com.). Local Name: Male Pigeon Plum. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8538 (MO). THEOPHRASTACEAE Bonellia macrocarpa (Cav.) B. Ståhl & Källersjö Syn: Jacquinia aurantiaca W.T. Aiton Jacquinia macrocarpa Cav. Jacquinia macrocarpa Cav. subsp. macrocarpa. Ref: Standley et al. (1966: 130), Davidse et al. (2009: 468), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011), Ståhl & Källersjö (2004: 117). Note: The subspecies macrocarpa is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Local Name: Barbasto, Cansik, Knock-me-back, Tkansik. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37015 (MO); International Airport Gentry, A.H. 7637 (MO); Manatee Gentle, P.H. 3412 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1428 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 12 Wiley, J.R. 513 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 15 Crankshaw, W.B. 10 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12614 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 40 Goodwin, Z.A. 1148 (BRH, E); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2487 (MO); Tropical Education Center Davidse, G. 36306 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 10700 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2709 (MO). COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32561 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 270 (E); Hill Bank Ibáñez García, A. 279 (E); Hill Bank Field Station Armstrong, K.E. 472 (E), 496 (E), Ronse de Craene, L. 1425 (E). TURNERACEAE Piriqueta cistoides (L.) Griseb. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 112), Stevens et al. (2001: 2472). Note: The subspecies cistoides is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1653 (BRH, E); Crooked Tree Goodwin, Z.A. 1537 (BRH, E); Ferguson Bank Dwyer, J.D. 15062 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 11 Crankshaw, W.B. s.n. (MO); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2305 (BM). ORANGE WALK: Blackburn & Indian Hill Work Goodwin, Z.A. 1163 (BRH, E); Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1119 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 551 (BM); Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 348 (BM). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1034 (MO). Turnera aromatica Arbo Ref: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011); Arbo (1993). Local Name: Skabon Che, Wild Damiana. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Davidse, G. 37021 (MO); Bocotora Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1447 (BRH, E); Burrell Boom Goodwin, Z.A. 1568 (BRH, E); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9453 (MO); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 1005 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Croat, T.B. 23297 (MO), Dwyer, J.D. 12195 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Liesner, R.L. 1426 (MO); Tropical Education Center VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 111 Kay, E. 1 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1507 (E, MO), 1526 (E, MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32767 (MO); Carmelita Davidse, G. 32816 (MO—Type of Turnera aromatica), Goodwin, Z.A. 1115 (BRH, E); East Gate, 3km Milton, J.J. 7 (E); Hill Bank Forrest, A.D. 23 (E); Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1830 (BRH, E); Hill Bank, 2km South Wangchuck, K. 5 (E); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17848 (MO); New River Lagoon Watson, M. 1 (E); Northern Highway Sutton, D.A. 166 (MO); San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1544 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Southern Highway Gentry, A.H. 8068 (MO); Swasey Bladen Forest Reserve Goodwin, Z.A. 1407 (BRH, E); Swasey Branch Gentle, P.H. 3776 (MO). Turnera curassavica Urb. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2473), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: TOLEDO: Chun Bank Atha, D.E. 1259 (MO, NY); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1292 (BRH, E); Paynes Creek Ranger Station Goodwin, Z.A. 1332 (BRH, E). Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult. Syn: Turnera aphrodisiaca Ward Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult. var. aphrodisiaca (Ward) Urb.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 113), Stevens et al. (2001: 2473), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011), McVaugh (2001). Local Name: Swamp Bush. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Baker's Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 6981 (MO); Boom Town MacDaniel, S. 14305 (MO); Burrell Boom MacDaniel, S. 12851 (MO); Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33199 (MO); Hattieville Huston, J.S. 560 (MO), Sorenson, P.D. 7079 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 40 Goodwin, Z.A. 1137 (BRH, E); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Crankshaw, W.B. 9 (MO), Croat, T.B. 24016 (MO), Gentry, A.H. 7857 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2509 (BM, MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Croat, T.B. 23252 (MO), Wiley, J.R. 194 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Whitefoord, C. 2536 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32781 (MO); Indian Church Arnason, T. 17205 (MO); Tiger Creek Jung, J.W. 1 (E). Turnera odorata Rich. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 114), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 73) suggest that this name may have been misapplied to the species Turnera aromatica Arbo in Belize. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Placencia Balick, M.J. 3664 (MO). Turnera scabra Millsp. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2473), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Wild Damiana. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23957 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1533 (E, MO), Whitefoord, C. 2538 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 8 MacDaniel, S. 13102 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Goodwin, Z.A. 1114 (BRH, E), 1578 (BRH, E); East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 334 (E). TYPHACEAE Typha domingensis Pers. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 64), Stevens et al. (2001: 2474), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2011). Local Name: Cattail, Elephant Grass, Sacate Ignea. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Davidse, G. 33156 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Ibáñez García, A. 260 (E). URTICACEAE Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 399). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 206 (E). Cecropia peltata L. Syn: Cecropia asperrima Pittier. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1946a: 22). Local Name: A'kl, Chootz, Cuarumo, Guaramo, Juarumo, Po-hór, Pohór, Trumpet Tree, Tuaromo, Warumo. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 197 (E). VERBENACEAE Citharexylum caudatum L. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 185). Local Name: Bird-seed, Pigeon Berry, Pigeon Feed, 112 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Pigeon-plum. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21317 (MO); Colonel English Creek Whitefoord, C. 3156 (MO); Gracie Rock Ratter, J.A. 5199 (MO); International Airport Ratter, J.A. 5221 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 9 Davidse, G. 32941 (MO). STANN CREEK: Eve's Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 8488 (MO); Stann Creek Railway Schipp, W.A. 268 (MO). Citharexylum crassifolium Greenm. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 186). Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Freshwater Creek Kinloch, J.B. 2 (MO). Citharexylum hexangulare Greenm. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 188). Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Voucher: STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 734 (MO). Lantana camara L. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 202). Local Name: Ikilhaxin, Lantana, Palabra de Cabellero, Petekin, Sage, We-àch, Wild Sage. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: East Gate Ibáñez García, A. 169 (E). Lantana involucrata L. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 206). Local Name: Oregano, Oregano del Monte, Oregano Silvestre, Sage, Sea Sage, Simaron, Spice. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Coast. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 15 Vaughan, J.E. 273A (MO). Lantana urticifolia Mill. Ref: Stevens et al. (2001: 2513). Note: Balick et al. (2000: 131) suggest that this name may have been misapplied or is conspecific to the species Lantana camara L. in Belize. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 41 Croat, T.B. 23960 (MO). Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Br. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 208). Local Name: Sea Sage. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 755 (MO). Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Syn: Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. Phyla fruticosa (Mill.) K. Kenn. ex Wunderlin & B.F. Hansen. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 212). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Vincent, M.A. 5262 (MO). CAYO: Belmopan Spellman, D.L. 1877 (MO). COROZAL: Uacax Kai Goodwin, Z.A. 1594 (BRH, E). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank Bridgewater, S.G.M. 301 (E); Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 204A (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 576 (MO). Phyla stoechadifolia (L.) Small Syn: Lippia stoechadifolia (L.) Kunth. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 214). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Crooked Tree Goodwin, Z.A. 1530 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 15 Wiley, J.R. 96 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32837 (MO); Hill Bank Creek Ibáñez García, A. 221 (E); New River Toll Bridge Dwyer, J.D. 15022 (MO). Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 225). Local Name: Blue Vervain, Camacolal, Cot-a-cam, Verbena, Vervain, Wild Verbena, Xtyay-ach-bak-shèl, Xtyay-ach-bak-shúl. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 679 (MO). Stachytarpheta frantzii Pol. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 227). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: August Pine Ridge Davidse, G. 32788 (MO). Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 227). Local Name: Vervain. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Coast. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 12 Wiley, J.R. 203A (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 320 (E). Stachytarpheta miniacea Moldenke Syn: Stachytarpheta belizensis Moldenke. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 227). Local Name: Red Vervain. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Disturbance. Vouchers: BELIZE: Northern Highway, Mile 18 Dwyer, J.D. 14974 (MO—Type of Stachytarpheta belizensis); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12010 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 20 Croat, T.B. 23292 (MO). VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE LOWLAND SAVANNAS OF BELIZE Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 113 Tamonea spicata Aubl. Ref: Standley & Williams (1970: 228). Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21276 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9473 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24040 (MO), Liesner, R.L. 1429 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2681 (MO), 3140 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Spellman, D.L. 1517 (MO). ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 1km North Goodwin, Z.A. 1844 (BRH, E); San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1687 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. 612 (MO); Mullins River Road Gentle, P.H. 8482 (MO). TOLEDO: Monkey River Gentle, P.H. 4134 (MO); San Antonio Road Gentle, P.H. 6687 (MO). VIOLACEAE Hybanthus calceolaria (L.) Oken Syn: Hybanthus ipecacuanha (L.) Baill. Viola calceolaria L.. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 73). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Vouchers: BELIZE: The Place Whitefoord, C. 8301 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 15 Vaughan, J.E. 290 (MO), Whitefoord, C. 2537 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 30 Whitefoord, C. 2295 (BM), 2381 (BM). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 287 (E); San Felipe Goodwin, Z.A. 1676 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Savannah Forest Station Hunt, D.R. 363 (BM). TOLEDO: Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1293 (BRH, E). Hybanthus oppositifolius (L.) Taub. Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 74). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna. Voucher: CAYO: Spanish Lookout Goodwin, Z.A. 1727 (BRH, E). Rinorea hummelii Sprague Ref: Standley & Williams (1961: 78). Local Name: Coffee Bush, Guayabillo, Kwol-kwolch, Wild Coffee, Wild Plum. Habit: Shrub. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: COROZAL: Little Belize Davidse, G. 32552 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Skema, C. 1 (E). VITACEAE Cissus erosa Rich. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 296). Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14911 (MO). Cissus gossypiifolia Standl. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 296). Local Name: Bee Rut, Behuco Parilla, Cresta de Gallo, Rooster's Crest. Habit: Climber. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 24 Dwyer, J.D. 12052 (MO). VOCHYSIACEAE Vochysia hondurensis Sprague Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1949: 4). Local Name: Emeri, Emery, Emory, San Juan, White Mahogany, Yemeri. Habit: Tree. Vegetation Type: Forest. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bermudian Landing Rose-Innes, R. 296 (MO); Isabella Pine Ridge Lundell, C.L. 4135 (MO). XYRIDACEAE Xyris ambigua Beyr. ex Kunth Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 371), Davidse et al. (1994: 175). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Bermudian Landing Rose-Innes, R. 297 (MO); Burrell Boom MacDaniel, S. 12838 (MO); Gales Point Hunt, D.R. 7033 (BM, MO); Hattieville Davidse, G. 32964 (MO), Huston, J.S. 531 (MO), Sorenson, P.D. 7090 (MO); Matamore Pine Ridge Goodwin, Z.A. 1416 (BRH, E); Northern Highway, Mile 19 Dwyer, J.D. 12191 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24015 (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 2610 (BM), 8345 (BM, MO); Western Highway, Mile 15 Vaughan, J.E. 277 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2313 (BM, MO), 2398 (BM, MO); Willows Bank Dwyer, J.D. 14916 (MO). ORANGE WALK: East Gate Bridgewater, S.G.M. 247 (E); Hill Bank Linares-Palomino, R. 8 (E), Seed, L. 1 (E). STANN CREEK: All Pines Hunt, D.R. 7009 (BM), Schipp, W.A. 550 (BM, MO); Big Creek MacDaniel, S. 12962 (MO); Savannah Airport Dwyer, J.D. 12735 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32450 (MO); Deep River Forest Reserve North Goodwin, Z.A. 1215 (BRH, E), 1221 (BRH, E). 114 • Phytotaxa 101 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press GOODWIN ET AL. Xyris difformis Chapm. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 176). Note: The variety curtissii (Malme) Kral is used for specimens collected from the savanna in Belize. Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Wetland. Voucher: BELIZE: Western Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 32 (MO). Xyris elliottii Chapm. Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 176). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Burrell Boom MacDaniel, S. 12842 (MO); Double Head Cabbage Hedger, J.N. 309 (BM); Gales Point Hunt, D.R. 7035 (BM); Northern Highway Iremonger, S. 829 (MO); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Croat, T.B. 24021 (MO); Western Highway, Mile 26 Sutton, D.A. 169 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 8 MacDaniel, S. 13107 (MO). Xyris jupicai Rich. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 372), Davidse et al. (1994: 177). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Belize Zoo Worthington, R.D. 21288 (MO); Colonel English Pine Ridge Gentle, P.H. 9403 (MO), 9604 (MO); Double Head Cabbage Hedger, J.N. 293 (BM), 294 (BM), 296 (BM); Lucky Strike Hedger, J.N. 307 (BM); Maskall Gentle, P.H. 968 (MO); Northern Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 10716A (MO); Western Highway, Mile 13 Dwyer, J.D. 32A (MO). ORANGE WALK: Carmelita Davidse, G. 32833 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Proctor, G.R. 35735 (MO), Robertson, J. 143 (BM); Sapon Road Gentle, P.H. 8125 (MO). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Brant, A.E. 1051 (MO); Paynes Creek National Park Goodwin, Z.A. 1313 (BRH, E), 1361 (BRH, E). Xyris navicularis Griseb. Syn: Xyris subnavicularis Malme. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1958: 372), Davidse et al. (1994: 176). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Gales Point Hunt, D.R. 7034 (BM); Ridge Lagoon Plantation Crankshaw, W.B. s.n. (MO); The Place Whitefoord, C. 8344 (BM); Western Highway, Mile 26 Sutton, D.A. 169A (BM); Western Highway, Mile 29 Goodwin, Z.A. 1466 (BRH, E); Western Highway, Mile 31 Whitefoord, C. 2465 (BM, MO). ORANGE WALK: Lenan White Goodwin, Z.A. 1485 (BRH, E). STANN CREEK: Silk Grass Goodwin, Z.A. 1190 (BRH, E). TOLEDO: Chun Bank Davidse, G. 32507 (MO). Xyris paraensis Poepp. ex Kunth Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 175). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: Hattieville Dwyer, J.D. 10081 (MO). STANN CREEK: All Pines Schipp, W.A. S131 (BM, MO). Xyris smalliana Nash Ref: Davidse et al. (1994: 177). Habit: Herb. Vegetation Type: Savanna/Wetland. Vouchers: BELIZE: International Airport Bartlett, H.H. 11252 (MO). STANN CREEK: Sapodilla Lagoon Woo, J. 708 (MO). ZINGIBERACEAE Renealmia aromatica (Aubl.) Griseb. Ref: Standley & Steyermark (1952: 199). Local Name: Kix-im-tzi, Rat Plantain, Wild Ginger. Habit: Shrublet. Vegetation Type: Forest. Voucher: ORANGE WALK: Hill Bank, 2km South Trevaskis, A. 3 (BRH, E). Acknowledgements This checklist has been produced as part of Darwin Initiative Project 17-022: “Conservation of the Lowland Savannas of Belize” (http://eeo.ed.ac.uk/sea-belize), funded by the UK Government Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. We thank the Belize Forest Department for permission to work in Belize, the past and present staff of BFREE, PfB, TIDE and Wildtracks for supporting our botanical fieldwork, the staff at BRH and BM for allowing us to visit and access their collections and all the field botanists whose herbarium collections form the basis of this work. Alex Monro and William Milliken are thanked for their contribution after a critical reading of the manuscript as reviewers. In addition, thanks are due to Larry Kelly for advice on taxonomy, Anton Reznicek for finding specimens and to Denis Filer and the BRAHMS development team for help and advice with data. 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