A Dictionary of Prefixes, Suffixes, and Combining Forms from Webster!s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged ! 2002 Webster!s Third New International Dictionary is now online visit www.Merriam-WebsterUnabridged.com for a 14-day free trial www.merriam-webster.com www.wordcentral.com Abbreviations in This Work The abbreviations in this list are regularized to one style without periods, although they may appear with periods in context, depending on whether printed in roman type or italics. abl acc act adj adv AF Alb alter anat aor Arm Av biol bot cgs chem comb. form conj contr crystallog D Dan dat dial dim E esp F fem fr freq fut G gen geol Gk Gmc Goth Hitt IE imit indic interj IrGael irreg ISV It ital L LGk lit Lith LL masc ablative accusative active adjective adverb Anglo-French Albanian alteration anatomy aorist Armenian Avestan biology botany centimeter-gram-second chemistry combining form conjunction contraction crystallography Dutch Danish dative dialect diminutive English especially French feminine from frequentative future German genitive geology Greek Germanic Gothic Hittite Indo-European imitative indicative interjection Irish Gaelic irregular International Scientific Vocabulary Italian italic Latin Late Greek literally Lithuanian Late Latin masculine MD ME med MF MGk MHG MIr ML modif n neut NL nom n pl obs OE OF OFris OHG OIr OL ON OPer OProv OPruss orig OS OScan OSlav OW part perh pers Pg pl prep pres prob pron Russ Sc sing Skt Sp specif superl Sw Toch A Turk usu var vb VL W Middle Dutch Middle English medicine Middle French Middle Greek Middle High German Middle Irish Medieval Latin modification noun neuter New Latin nominative noun plural obsolete Old English Old French Old Frisian Old High German Old Irish Old Latin Old Norse Old Persian Ool Proven!al Old Prussian originally Old Saxon Old Scandinavian Old Slavic Old Welsh participle perhaps person Portuguese plural preposition present probably pronoun Russian Scots singular Sanskrit Spanish specifically superlative Swedish Tocharian A Turkish usually variant verb Vulgar Latin Welsh Prefixes, Suffixes, and Combining Forms from Webster!s Third New International Dictionary !a- prefix "ME, fr. OE a-, an, on# "1 : on : in : at $abed% $afoot% $asunder% & sometimes used in dialect speech in locutions not found in standard $he did it a-purpose% "2 : in 'such( a state or condition $afire% $asleep% & often used with with $acrawl with ants% "3 : in 'such( a manner $aloud% "4 : in the act of : in the process of $daddy)s gone a-hunting% $months later the ship was still a-building% "a- or an- prefix "L * Gk+ L a-, an-, fr. Gk & more at !"-# : not : without $achromatic% $asexual% & used chiefly with words of Gk or L origin+ a- before consonants other than h and sometimes even before h, an- before vowels and usu. before h $ahistorical% $anesthesia% $anhydrous% -a- combining form "ISV# : replacing carbon esp. in a ring & in initial combining forms as second constituent after a first constituent designating a chemical element $arsa-% $aza-% -a n suffix -# "NL, prob. fr. originally nonsignificant -a in magnesia, fr. ML -a 'in magnesia, alchemical substance(, fr. Gk -a, -" 'in magn"sia, magn"si", alchemical substance, magnet(, fr. nom. sing. fem. adjectival ending corresponding to nom. sing. masc. -os and nom. sing. neut. -on# : oxide $ceria% $lanthana% $thoria% !ab- prefix "ME, fr. OF * L+ OF, fr. L, fr. ab from# "1 : from : departing from $abnormal% "2 : away : outside of $abenteric% "ab- prefix "absolute# & used for a cgs electromagnetic unit $abampere% $abhenry% abdomin- or abdomino- combining form "L abdomin-, abdomen# : abdomen : abdominal $abdominalgia% $abdominoperineal% $abdominocardiac% -ability also -ibility n suffix -$# "ME -ablete, -abilite, -iblete, -ibilite, fr. MF -ableté, -abilité, -ibleté, -ibilité, fr. L -abilitas, -ibilitas, fr. -abilis, -ibilis + -tas -ty# : capacity, fitness, or tendency to act or be acted on in a 'specified( way $ensilability% $washability% abio- combining form "#a- + bio-# : whatever is lifeless $abiogenesis% -able also -ible adj suffix "ME, fr. OF, fr. L -abilis, -ibilis, fr. -a-, -i- 'thematic vowels of various conjugations of verbs( + -bilis capable or worthy of 'being acted upon(# "1 : capable of, fit for, or worthy of 'being so acted upon or toward( & chiefly in adjectives derived from verbs $breakable% $connectible% $eatable% $lovable% "2 : tending to, given to, favoring, causing, able to, or liable to $agreeable% $changeable% $knowledgeable% $peaceable% $perishable% & -ableness n suffix -$# & -ably also -ibly adv suffix -ac n suffix -# "Gk -akos of or relating to, var. of -ikos ,-ic after noun stems ending in i# : one affected with $hemophiliac% $nostalgiac% acanth- or acantho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk akanth-, akantho-, fr. akantha$ akin to ON %gn awn# : thorn : spine $acanthocarpous% $Acanthophis% -acanthus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk akantha thorn# : animal having 'such( a spine or 'such or so many( spines $Cephalacanthus% $Ctenacanthus% & in generic names esp. of fishes acar- or acari- or acaro- combining form "NL, fr. Acarus# : mite $acaroid% $acaricide% ace- combining form "ISV, fr. acetic# : acetic $acenaphthene%+ specif : related to acenaphthene $aceanthrene% -ace n combining form -# "LGk ak" point# : apex having 'so many( faces $heptace% $tessarace% -acea n pl suffix "NL, fr. L, neut. pl. of -aceus -aceous# : animals characterized by : animals of the nature of $Cetacea% $Crustacea% & in names of zoological divisions larger than a genus, esp. orders and classes -aceae n pl suffix "NL, fr. L, fem. pl. of -aceus -aceous# : plants of the nature of $Acanthaceae% $Rosaceae% & in names of families of plants+ formerly in names of orders of plants !-acean adj suffix "NL -acea, -aceae + E -an# : -%&$'!# $rosacean% "-acean n suffix -# : organism characterized by : organism of the nature of $crustacean% $rosacean% & in singular corresponding to plurals in -acea, -aceae acenaphth- or acenaphtho- combining form "ISV, fr. acenaphthene# : acenaphthene : acenaphthylene $acenaphthophenanthrene% -acene n suffix -# "ISV, fr. anthracene# : aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbon containing three or more fused benzene rings in straight linear sequence $naphthacene% -aceous adj suffix "L -aceus# : characterized by $arenaceous% $argillaceous% : of the nature of $herbaceous% : belonging to or connected with a division of animals characterized by or of the nature of $cetaceous% $crustaceous% : belonging to or connected with a family of plants of the nature of $solanaceous% & often in adjectives corresponding to biological classification names in -acea, -aceae acet- or aceto- combining form "F * L+ F acét-, fr. L acet-, fr. acetum vinegar# : acetic acid : acetic : acetyl $acetaldehyde% $acetamide% $acetobenzoic% achro- or achro#- combining form "Gk achroos, fr. a- -a- + -chroos colored & more at -&()''!## : colorless $achrodextrin% $achro%cyst% achromat- or achromato- combining form "Gk achr&matos colorless, fr. a- -a- + -chr&matos colored, fr. chr&mat-, chr&ma color# : achromatic $achromaturia% : something achromatic $achromatolysis% acou- or acouo- combining form "F acou-, fr. Gk akouein to hear# : hearing : listening $acoumeter% $acouophonia% -acousia or -acusia n combining form, pl -acousiae or -acusiae "NL, fr. Gk akousis 'fr. akouein to hear + -sis( + NL -ia# : hearing $presbyacousia% $hyperacusia% acr- or acro- also akr- or akro- combining form "MF or Gk+ MF acro-, fr. Gk akr-, akro-, fr. akros topmost, extreme+ akin to Gk akm" point# "1 : beginning : end : tip $acrology% "2 a : top : peak : summit $acropetal% $acrocephaly% "b : height $acrophobia% "c : extremity of the body, esp. the human body $acrocyanosis% acromio- combining form "NL, fr. acromion# : acromial and $acromiodeltoid% $acromiosternal% !-act adj combining form "Gk aktis ray & more at %&*+"-# : having 'such or so many( rays $polyact% $tetract% & in terms applied to sponge spicules "-act n combining form -# : one having 'such or so many( rays $hexact% $triact% & in names of sponge spicules actin- or actini- or actino- combining form "NL actin- ray, fr. Gk aktin-, aktino-, fr. aktin-, aktis$ akin to OE !hte morning twilight, OHG !hta, ON &tta, Goth !htwo, Skt aktu light, night, L noct-, nox night# "1 a : having a radiated structure $Actinopoda% $Actinomyces% "b : actinian $actiniform% $Actinozoa% "2 a : actinic $actinautography% "b : of, relating to, or caused by actinic radiation 'as X rays( $actinotherapy% -actinal adj combining form "Gk aktin-, aktis ray + E -al# : -%&*+"$ -actine adj combining form "Gk aktin-, aktis# : having 'such or so many( rays $discoactine% $pentactine% & esp. in terms applied to sponge spicules actinio- combining form "Actinia# : actinian $actiniochrome% $actiniohematin% acu- combining form "ML, fr. L acu, abl. of acus needle+ akin to L acies edge# : with a needle $acupuncture% acutiacuti- combining form "ML, fr. L acutus# : sharp-pointed $acutifoliate% : sharply angled $acutiplantar% acuto- combining form "acute# : acute and $acuto-grave% : acutely $acuto-nodose% ad- or ac- or af- or ag- or al- or ap- or as- or at- prefix "ad- fr. ME, fr. L, fr. ad$ ac- fr. ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. ad$ af- fr. ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. ad$ ag- fr. ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. ad$ al- fr. ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. ad$ ap- fr. ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. ad$ as- fr. ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. ad$ at- fr. ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. ad# "1 : to : toward & usu. ac- before c, k, or q $acculturation% and afbefore f $afformative% and ag- before g $aggradation% and albefore l $allineation% and ap- before p $appersonation% and as- before s $asself% and at- before t $attune% and ad- before other sounds $adnominal% $adverbial% but sometimes adeven before one of the listed consonants $adpronominal% "2 : near : adjacent to & in this sense always in the form ad$adoral% $adrenal% !-ad n suffix -# "MF * L+ MF -ade, fr. L -ad-, -as, fr. Gk -ad-, -as, fem. suffix denoting descent from or connection with# "1 a : period of time $quinquenniad% "b : group, aggregate, or unit of 'so many( parts $quintad% "c : element, atom, or radical having 'such or so great( a chemical valence $artiad% $periss ad% $dyad% "2 : epic of : poem celebrating $Columbiad% "3 "prob. fr. NL -ad-, -as 'used as final element in botanical genus names(, fr. Gk# : member of 'such( a botanical group $magnoliad% $moringad% "4 : kind of plant or animal produced by or associated with $ecad% $variad% & -adic adj suffix "-ad adv suffix "L ad# biol : in the direction of : toward : -,%)$cephalad% $ventrad% -ade n suffix -# "ME, fr. MF, fr. OProv -ada, fr. LL -ata, fr. L, fem. of -atus -ate# "1 : act : action $blockade% "2 a : product $jamrosade% "b : sweet drink $orangeade% adel- or adelo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk ad"l, ad"lo- unseen, fr. ad"los, fr. a- -a- + d"los visible, evident+ akin to OE t"tan to gladden, OHG zeiz dear, ON teitr glad, Skt d'deti he shines, L dies day# : concealed : not apparent $Adelaster% $adelopod% adelpho- combining form "Gk, fr. adelphos# : brother $adelphogamy% -adelphous adj combining form "prob. fr. NL -adelphus, fr. Gk adelphos brother, fr. a- 'fr. assumed ha-, akin to heis, mia, hen one, homos same( + -delphos 'akin to delphys womb(# : having 'such or so many( stamen fascicles $isadelphous% $monadelphous% aden- or adeno- combining form "NL, fr. Gk adeno-, fr. aden-, ad"n$ akin to ON %kkr lump, L inguen groin, Gk nephros kidney# "1 : gland : glandular $adenitis% $adenocarcinoma% "2 : glandular and $adenoneural% adip- or adipo- combining form "L adip-, adeps, fr. Gk aleipha$ akin to Gk lipos fat, lard# "1 : fat : fatty tissue $adipic% $adipocele% "2 : connected with adipic acid $adipamide% $adiponitrile% adren- or adreno- combining form "adrenal# "1 : adrenal glands $adrenocortical% $adrenomedullary% $adrenotropic% : adrenal and $adrenogenital% "2 : adrenaline $adrenergic% aer- or aero- combining form "ME aero-, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. Gk aer-, aero-, fr. aer-, a"r# "1 a : air : atmosphere : aerial $aerate% $aerenchyma% $aerobic% "b : aerial and $aerohydrous% "2 : gas $aerometry% $aerosol% "3 : aviation $aerodrome% $aerotechnical% aeri- combining form "LL aeri-, fr. L aer# : air $aeriform% $aerify% aeto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk aetos$ akin to L avis bird# : eagle $aetomorph% $Aetosaurus% & esp. in names of taxonomic groups in zoology -aetus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk aetos & more at %$*'-# : eagle & in generic names of birds $Circaetus% afr- or afro- combining form, usu cap "L Afr-, Afer African# : African $Aframerican% : African and $Afro-Asiatic% agam- or agamo- combining form "NL, fr. LL agamus unmarried, fr. Gk agamos, fr. a- -a- + gamos marriage# : asexual $agamic% $agamogenesis% 2 -alia agath- or agatho- combining form "Gk, fr. agathos$ perh. akin to OE g&d good# : good $Agathosma% $agathology% -age n suffix -# "ME, fr. OF, fr. L -aticum# "1 : aggregate : collection $cellarage% $surplusage% $trackage% $wordage% "2 a : action : process $coverage% $haulage% $stoppage% "b : cumulative result of $breakage% $shrinkage% "c : rate of $dosage% $leakage% $outage% $slippage% "3 : house or place of $orphanage% $parsonage% "4 : state : rank $bondage% $peonage% "5 : charge for 'an act or service( $postage% $towage% $wharfage% -agogue also -agog n combining form -# "F * NL+ F -agogue, fr. LL -agogus promoting the expulsion of, fr. Gk -ag&gos, fr. ag&gos leading, drawing forth, fr. agein to lead+ NL -agogon, neut. of -agogos promoting the expulsion of, fr. Gk -ag&gos# : substance that promotes the secretion or expulsion of $cholagogue% $lymphagogue% -agra n combining form, pl -agrae also -agras "ME, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. agra hunting, catch+ akin to W aer war, L agere to drive# : seizure of pain $cardiagra% $melagra% agrio- combining form "GK * NL+ NL, fr. Gk, fr. agrios, fr. agros field# : wild $agriology% agro- combining form "F, fr. Gk, fr. agros field# "1 : of or belonging to fields or soil : agricultural $agronomy% $agrosterol% "2 : agricultural and $agroindustrial% -aholic or -oholic n combining form -# "alcoholic# "1 : one who feels compulsively the need to 'do something( $shopaholic% $winaholic% "2 : one who likes 'something( to excess $golfaholic% ailur- or ailuro- or aelur- or aeluro- combining form "NL, fr. Gk ailouro-, fr. ailouros# : cat $ailurodon% $ailurophobia% !-al adj suffix "ME -al, -el, fr. OF * L+ OF -al, -el, fr. L -alis# : of, relating to, or characterized by $directional% $fictional% $hormonal% $organizational% $spectral% $tidal% "-al n suffix -# "ME -aille, fr. OF, fr. L -alia, neut. pl. of -alis# : action or process $bestowal% $rehearsal% $withdrawal% $-al n suffix -# "F, fr. alcool alcohol, fr. ML alcohol# "1 a : aldehyde $butanal% $salicylal% "b : acetal $butyral% "2 : pharmaceutical product $barbital% alb- or albo- combining form "L, fr. albus# : white $albite% $albocinereous% albumin- or albumini- or albumino- combining form "prob. fr. F, fr. L albumin-, albumen# : albumen : albumin $albuminoid% $albuminiferous% $albuminolysis% alco- or alcoo- combining form "alcohol# : alcohol $alcogel% $alcosol% $alcoometer% ald- or aldo- combining form "prob. fr. F ald-, fr. aldéhyde, fr. G aldehyd# "1 : containing the aldehyde group & in names of classes of compounds $aldohexose% "2 : related to an aldehyde $aldimine% aldon- or aldono- combining form "ISV, fr. aldonic 'in aldonic acid(# : related to or derived from an aldonic acid $aldonamide% $aldonolactone% -ales n pl suffix "NL, fr. L, pl. of -alis -al# : plants belonging to or related to $Chytridiales% $Rosales% & in the names of orders of plants+ in some classifications in the names of other superfamilial groups of plants 'as alliances or cohorts( aleuro- combining form "F, fr. Gk, fr. aleuron wheat flour, flour+ akin to Arm alam I grind# : flour $aleurometer% alg- or algo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk alg-, fr. algos# : pain $algesthesis% $alganesthesia% $algophobia% -algia n combining form -# "Gk -algia, fr. algos# : pain : painful condition $cephalalgia% $podalgia% & -algic adj combining form -algy n combining form -$# "Gk -algia# : -%./+% ali- combining form "L, fr. ala# "1 : wing $aliform% $alitrunk% "2 : relating to the side parts of 'a specified organ or structure( $aliethmoid% $alinasal% -alia n combining form "NL, fr. Gk halia assembly * Gk hal-, hals sea+ Gk halia akin to Gk eilein to compress, OSlav velikŭ great, and perh. to L vulgus common people+ Gk hals sea, akin to Gk hals salt# : realm of marine animal life & in names of biogeographic realms $Arctalia% $Bassalia% & -alian adj combining form alkalk- combining form "alkyl# : alkyl $alkacrylic% $alkiodide% alka- combining form "alkane# : alkane $alkadiyne% $alkapolyene% all- or allo- combining form "Gk, fr. allos other, different# "1 : other : different : dissimilar : extraneous $allergy% $allopathy% $allosematic% "2 allo- : isomeric form, close relative, or variety of 'a specified chemical compound( $allo-ocimene% $allotelluric acid%: as "a : the more stable form 'of two geometrical isomers( $allocinnamic acid% "b : *)%"#- 3 & esp. in names of stereoisomeric compounds containing two fused saturated rings $allocholanic acid% $allopregnane% "3 usu allo: having dissimilar genomes $alloheteroploid% $alloploid% $allotriploid% & opposed to autallant- or allanto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, sausage, fr. allant-, allas, prob. of Italic origin+ akin to L alium garlic# "1 : allantoic : allantoid $allantochorion% $allantoin% "2 : sausage $allantiasis% allelo- combining form "Gk all"lo- each other, fr. all"l&n of each other, fr. allos . . . allos one . . . the other, fr. allos other# "1 : alternative $allelomorph% "2 : of or for each other : reciprocal : reciprocally $allelocatalytic% $allelotropism% allo- combining form "GK allos . . . allos one . . . the other, fr. allos other# : being one of a group whose members together constitute a structural unit esp. of a language $allophone% $allomorph% & compare -$0$ allox- combining form "ISV, fr. alloxan# : alloxan -ally adv suffix "(-al + -ly# : --.1 $semantically% & in adverbs formed from adjectives ending in -ic with no alternative form ending in -ical alterni- combining form "NL, fr. L alternus alternate# : alternate : alternately $alternifoliate% $alternipetalous% $alternipinnate% alti- combining form "ME, fr. L, fr. altus# "1 : high $altisonant% 2 : altitude $altigraph% $altimeter% alumin- or alumino- combining form "MF alumin-, fr. L, fr. alumin-, alumen# "1 : alum $aluminiform% "2 : aluminum $aluminography% alveol- or alveolo- combining form "L, fr. alveolus# "1 : alveolus $alveolectomy% "2 : alveolar and $alveololabial% -am n combining form -# "prob. fr. G, prob. fr. NL ammonia# : chemical compound related to ammonia $lactam% $phospham% ambi- prefix "L ambi-, amb- both, on both sides, around+ akin to L ambo both, Gk amph& both, amphi around# : both $ambilateral% $ambiparous% ambly- or amblyo- combining form "LL ambly-, fr. Gk, fr. amblys$ akin to L mollis soft, molere to grind# "1 : blunt : obtuse $Amblycephalus% "2 : dulled : dimmed $amblyacousia% "3 : connected with amblyopia $amblyoscope% amer- or amero- combining form, cap "American# : American $Amerophile% : American and $Amerasian% americo- combining form, cap "America# "1 : relating to America or Americans $Americomania% "2 : American and $AmericoLiberian% amid- or amido- combining form "ISV, fr. amide# "1 : containing the group NH# characteristic of amides united to a radical of acid character $amidosulfuric% & distinguished from amin- "2 : %0+"- $amidophenol% "3 : containing the radical $CONH$ characteristic of polyamides, peptides, and proteins amin- or amino- combining form "ISV, fr. amine# now usu amino- : containing the group NH# characteristic of primary amines united to a radical other than an acid radical $aminoacetanilide% $aminoguanidine% & distinguished from amidamm- or ammo- combining form "ammo-, fr. Gk, fr. ammos sand# : sand $ammophilous% ammino- combining form "prob. fr. G, fr. ammin ammine# : ammine $amminochloride% ammoni- or ammonio- combining form "ISV, fr. ammonium# : containing ammonia or ammonium $ammoniocupric sulfate% ammono- combining form "ISV, fr. ammonia# "1 : ammonia $ammonolysis% "2 : derived from ammonia & in names of 3 -ander chemical compounds $ammonocarbonic acid HN%C'NH#(#%+ compare %2!'- 2 amnio- combining form "NL, fr. amnion, fr. Gk# "1 : amnion $amniotome% "2 : amniotic and $amnioallantoic% amorph- or amorpho- combining form "Gk, amorph-, fr. amorphos# : amorphous $amorphism% $amorphophyte% ampel- or ampelo- combining form "NL ampel-, fr. Gk ampel-, ampelo-, fr. ampelos# : grapevine $ampelopsis% $ampelography% amphi- or amph- prefix "L amphi- around, on both sides, fr. Gk amphi-, amph-, fr. amphi & more at %03+-# "1 : around $amphispermous% "2 : on both sides : of both kinds : both $amphicarpic% $amphivorous% ampho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk amph& & more at %03+-# : both $amphophilic% amygdal- or amygdalo- combining form "L amygdal-, fr. amygdala# "1 : almond : almond family $amygdalase% $amygdaliferous% "2 "NL, fr. amygdala# "a : tonsil $amygdalotomy% "b : tonsillar and $amygdalo-uvular% amyl- or amylo- combining form "LL amyl-, fr. L amylum, fr. Gk amylon, fr. neut. of amylos not ground at the mill, fr. a-a- + mylos, myl" mill# : starch $amylase% $amylemia% $amylometer% !-an or -ian also -ean n suffix -# "-an * -ian fr. ME -an, -ian, -ien, fr. OF * L+ OF -ien, fr. L -ianus, fr. -i- + -anus, fr. -anus, adj. suffix+ -ean fr. such words as Mediterranean, European# "1 : one that is of or belonging to $American% $Bostonian% "2 : one skilled in or specializing in & esp. in derivatives from nouns ending in -ic or -ics, in the latter case with loss of -s $dialectician% $phonetician% $statistician% "3 : one belonging to a 'specified( zoological group $crustacean% $mammalian% $crocodilian% "-an or -ian also -ean adj suffix "-an * -ian fr. ME -an, -ian, -ien, fr. OF * L+ OF -ien, fr. L -ianus, fr. -i- + -anus$ -ean fr. such words as Mediterranean, European# "1 : of or belonging to $American% $Floridian% $Wesleyan% "2 : characteristic of : resembling $Mozartean% $Shavian% "3 : of or belonging to a 'specified( geologic period, epoch, or series $Cambrian% $-an n suffix -# "ISV -an, -ane, alter. of -ene, -ine, * -one# "1 : unsaturated carbon compound $tolan C&H'C(CC&H'% $urethan% & esp. in names of heterocyclic compounds $furan% $alloxan%+ compare -%"$ "2 a : anhydride representing a polymer of a carbohydrate & usu. replacing final -ose of the carbohydrate name $xylan% $dextran%, less often replacing final -e $pentosan% "b : intramolecular anhydride of a carbohydrate & replacing final -e of the carbohydrate name $)-glucosan% ana- or an- prefix "ML, fr. L ana- * LL an-, fr. Gk ana-, an-, fr. ana up, on# "1 : up : upward $anode% $Anacardium% "2 : back : backward $ananym% "3 : again : anew $anagenesis% -ana or -iana n pl suffix "NL, collected quotations from, fr. L, neut. pl. of -anus -an * -ianus -ian# : collected items of information esp. anecdotal or bibliographical concerning $Americana% $Johnsoniana% $Burnsiana% $collegiana% & chiefly in derivatives from personal names and place names anarch- or anarcho- combining form "ML anarch-, fr. Gk, fr. anarchos# "1 : without government $anarchical% "2 a : anarchism and $anarchopacifism% "b : anarchist and $anarchoindividualist% anatomico- or anatomo- combining form "anatomic# : anatomical and : anatomical $anatomicopathological% $anatomoclinical% -ance n suffix -# "ME, fr. OF, fr. L -antia, fr. -ant-, -ans -ant + -ia -y# "1 : action or process $attendance% $deliverance% $furtherance% : instance of an action or process $appearance% $performance% "2 : quality or state $resemblance% $temperance% : instance of a quality or state $protuberance% "3 : amount or degree $conductance% $transmittance% -ancy n suffix -$# "L -antia & more at -%"&$# "1 : quality or state $buoyancy% $pliancy% "2 : instance of a quality or state $expectancy% -ander n combining form -# "NL -andrus, fr. Gk -andros having andr'such or so many( men & more at -%"-)'!## : one having 'such or so many( stamens & in words denoting members of Linnaean botanical classes in -andria $hexander% andr- or andro- combining form "MF andro-, fr. L andr-, andro-, fr. Gk, fr. andr-, an"r man 'male person(+ akin to OIr nert strength, OScan ner man 'male person(, Skt n$# "1 : man $androcentric% $androphagous% : of or belonging to a man or men $androcracy% $androphobia% : having the characteristics of a man and $androtauric% "2 : male $androgenesis% : male and $androgynous% "3 : stamen : anther $androecium% -andra n combining form "NL, fem. of -andrus -androus# : one having 'such( a stamen & in generic names of plants $Calliandra% $Pachysandra% -andria n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fact or condition of having 'such or so many( men & more at -%"-)1# : plants having 'such or so many( stamens & in names of Linnaean botanical classes $Polyandria% -androus adj combining form "NL -andrus, fr. Gk -andros having 'such or so many( men, fr. andr-, an"r man 'male person( & more at %"-)-# : having 'such or so many( stamens $monandrous% -andry n combining form -$# "NL -andria, fr. Gk, fact or condition of having 'such or so many( men, fr. -andros + -ia -y# : possession of 'such or so many( stamens $heterandry% -ane n suffix -# "ISV -an, -ane, alter. of -ene, -ine, ) -one# "1 : .-%" 1 $urethane% "2 : saturated or completely hydrogenated carbon compound & in names of hydrocarbons and some parent heterocyclic compounds $methane% $cholestane% $dioxane%+ distinguished from -ene, -yne anem- or anemo- combining form "prob. fr. F anémo-, fr. Gk anem-, anemo-, fr. anemos# "1 : wind $anemosis% $anemometer% "2 : inhalation $anemopathy% ang- combining form "angular# usu ital : angular -ange n combining form -# "NL -angium# : -%"/+!0 angi- or angio- combining form "NL, fr. Gk angei-, angeio- vessel, blood vessel, fr. angeion, dim. of angos vessel+ perh. akin to L angulus angle# "1 a : blood or lymph vessel $angioid% $angiolith% $angiosis% "b : angiomatous $angiofibroma% : angiomatous and $angiocavernous% "2 : seed vessel $angiocarpous% -angium n combining form, pl -angia "NL, fr. Gk angeion & more at %"/+-# : vessel : receptacle $gametangium% $gonangium% anglo- combining form, usu cap "NL, fr. ML Angli English people, fr. L, Angles# "1 : English: "a : of or belonging to England $Anglo-Norman% "b : of English origin, descent, or culture $Anglo-Indian% $Anglo-Irish% "2 : English and $AngloJapanese% $Anglo-Russian% anguli- or angulo- combining form "prob. fr. NL, fr. L angulus angle# "1 : angle $angulometer% : angular $angulinerved% "2 : of or belonging to the angular and $angulosplenial% angusti- combining form "prob. fr. L, fr. angustus# : narrow $angustifoliate% $angustirostrate% anhydr- or anhydro- combining form "modif. 'influenced by hydr-, hydro-( of Gk anydr-, fr. anydros# "1 a : waterless $anhydremia% "b : lacking fluid $anhydromyelia% "2 : anhydride of $anhydroglucose% !anis- or aniso- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. anisos, fr. an- + isos equal & more at +#-# : unequal $anisodont% $anisosthenic% "anis- or aniso- combining form "L anisum anise# : anise $anisic% : anisic acid $anisoyl% ankyl- or ankylo- also anchyl- or anchylo- or ancyl- or ancylocombining form "NL, fr. Gk ankyl-, ankylo-, fr. ankylos$ akin to Gk ankos glen# "1 : crooked : curved $Ancylostoma% "2 "NL, fr. Gk ankyl-, ankylo-, fr. ankyl&sis# "a : stiff, immobile, constricted, or closed because of adhesion $ankyloglossia% $ankylurethria% "b : ankylosis $ankylophobia% ano- prefix "NL, fr. Gk an& upward, above, fr. ana up, on# "1 : upward $anogenic% $anoopsia% "2 : upper $anocarpous% anom- or anomo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk anom- lawless, fr. anomos, fr. a- -a- + nomos law, fr. nemein to distribute# 4 -anthropus : unusual : abnormal : irregular $anomite% $anomocarpous% anomal- or anomali- or anomalo- combining form "L anomal-, fr. Gk, fr. an&malos uneven, irregular# : anomalous : irregular $anomaliflorous% $anomalism% $anomalocephalus% anopl- or anoplo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk anoplos, fr. an- + -hoplos 'fr. hoplon tool, weapon(# : unarmed & chiefly in names of zoological taxa $Anoplanthus% $anoplocephalic% !-ant n suffix -# "ME, fr. OF, fr. -ant, pres. part. suffix, fr. L -ant-, -ans, pres. part. suffix of first conjugation, fr. -a- 'vowel of first conjugation( + -nt-, -ns, pres. part. suffix+ akin to OE -nde, pres. part. suffix, OHG -nti, ON -ndi, Goth -nds, Gk -nt-, -n, pres., fut., * aor. part. suffix, Skt -nt, pres., fut., * aor. act. part. suffix# "1 a : one that performs 'a specified action( : personal or impersonal agent $assistant% $claimant% $coolant% $deodorant% $resultant% "b : thing that promotes 'a specified action or process( $expectorant% "2 : person or thing connected with $annuitant% $chemotherapeutant% "3 : thing that is acted upon 'in a specified manner( $inhalant% $ingestant% "4 : thing that is used 'for a specified purpose( $antifoggant% "-ant adj suffix "ME, fr. OF, fr. -ant, pres. part. suffix# "1 : performing 'a specified action( or being 'in a specified condition( $denudant% $propellant% $somnambulant% "2 : promoting 'a specified action or process( $expectorant% ante- prefix "ME, fr. L, fr. ante before, in front, in front of+ akin to OE and-, on- against, OHG ant-, int-, ON and-, Goth anda-, and-, Gk anti before, against, Skt anti in the presence of, Hitt hanti in front# "1 a : prior : precedent : earlier $antenati% $antepast% $antetype% "b : anterior $anteroom% : forward $anteflexion% $anteversion% "2 a : prior to : earlier than $anteclassical% $antenatal% $antepartum% "b : in front of $anteorbital% $antetemple% antero- combining form "NL, fr. L anterior# : anterior $anteroparietal% : anterior and $anterolateral% : from front to $anteroposterior% anth- or antho- combining form "L anth-, fr. Gk anth-, antho-, fr. anthos# "1 : flower $anthecology% $anthocyanin% "2 : flowerlike $Anthozoa% -anthema n combining form, pl -anthemata or -anthemas "LL, fr. Gk -anth"ma$ akin to Gk anthos flower# : eruption : rash $enanthema% -anthemum n combining form "L, fr. Gk anthemon flower, fr. anthos# : plant having 'such( a flower & in generic names $Helianthemum% $Xeranthemum% -anthera n combining form "NL, fr. anthera# : plant having 'such( an anther & in generic names $Adenanthera% $Pyxidanthera% -antherous adj combining form "prob. fr. NL -antherus, fr. anthera anther# : having 'such( an anther or 'such or so many( anthers $decantherous% $phaenantherous% -anthery n combining form -$# : possession of anthers, esp. as indicated $phaenanthery% -anthes n combining form "NL, fr. Gk -anth"s blooming, flowered, fr. anthos flower# : plant having 'such( a flower & in generic names $Achyranthes% $Polianthes% $Zephyranthes% -anthous adj combining form "prob. fr. NL -anthus, fr. Gk anthos flower# : -flowered $gymnanthous% $monanthous% & -anthy n combining form -$# anthr- or anthra- combining form "ISV anthracene# : anthracene nucleus $anthrol% $anthragallol% anthrac- or anthraco- combining form "L anthrac-, fr. Gk anthrak-, anthrako- charcoal, carbuncle, fr. anthrak-, anthrax# 1 : coal : carbon $anthracosis% $anthracolithic% $Anthracosaurus% "2 : carbuncle $anthracnose% : anthrax $anthracoid% $anthracocide% -anthrene n combining form -# "ISV anthracene# : substance related to anthracene $phenanthrene% $cholanthrene% anthrop- or anthropo- combining form "L anthropo-, fr. Gk anthr&p-, anthr&po-, fr. anthr&pos, perh. irreg. fr. andr-, an"r man 'male person( + -&pos 'fr. &ps face( & more at %"-)-# : human being $anthropoid% $anthropogenesis% -anthropus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk anthr&pos & more at -anthus %"*()'4-# : man & in generic names of primates $Pithecanthropus% $Sinanthropus% -anthus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk anthos flower# : organism having or resembling 'such( a flower & in generic names in botany $Cyclanthus% $Schizanthus% and zoology $Oecanthus% !anti- or ant- or anth- prefix "anti- fr. ME, fr. OF * L+ OF, fr. L, against, fr. Gk, fr. anti$ ant- fr. ME, fr. L, against, fr. Gk, fr. anti$ anth- fr. L, against, fr. Gk, fr. anti & more at %"*$-# 1 a : one opposing the claims of : rival : spurious $antichrist% $antiking% $antipope% "b : of the same kind but situated opposite, exerting energy in the opposite direction, or pursuing an opposite policy $antapex% $antarctic% $anticline% $antischool% $antivolition% "c : one that is opposite in kind to $anticlimax% $antihero% $antireligion% & anti- before consonants other than h and sometimes ant- before vowels and anth- before h 'which is not repeated(, but more frequently anti- even before h or a vowel "2 a : opposing or hostile to in opinion, sympathy, or practice $anticapitalist% $antidemocratic% $antiromantic% $antislavery% $antiunion% "b : opposing in effect or activity : inhibiting : preventing : counteracting $antacid% $anthelmintic% $antiaging% $anti-Comintern% $antienzyme% $antifat% $antifogging% $anti-inflationary% $antislip% $antitrust% "3 : not $antigrammatical% $antilogical% 4 : serving to prevent, cure, or alleviate 'a pathological condition( $antiarthritic% $antispasmodic% "5 a : opposing or neutralizing another substance $antibody% $antiserum% "b : substance that opposes or neutralizes 'another substance(+ esp : substance that is an antibody to 'a specified antigen( $antitoxin% "6 : combating : destroying : defending against $antiaircraft% $antimine% $antitank% "anti- prefix "MF * ML, fr. L ante-# : %"*$- & now little used because of possible confusion with (antiantr- or antro- combining form "NL, fr. LL antrum cavity in the body# "1 : antrum $antritis% "2 : antral and $antronasal% aort- or aorto- combining form "NL, fr. aorta# : aorta $aortitis% $aortolith% aphan- or aphano- combining form "F aphan-, fr. Gk aphan"s, fr. a- -a- + -phan"s 'fr. phainesthai to appear(# : invisible : obscure $aphanite% $Aphanomyces% aphr- or aphro- combining form "G aphr-, fr. Gk aphr-, aphro-, fr. aphros$ perh. akin to L imber rain# : foam $aphrite% $aphrometer% api- combining form "L, fr. apis# : bee $apiculture% $apiphobia% apic- or apici- or apico- combining form "prob. fr. NL, fr. L apic-, apex# "1 : apex : tip esp. of an organ $apicad% $apicifixed% $apicoectomy% "2 : apical and $apicodental consonant% aplano- combining form "prob. fr. NL, fr. Gk aplan"s not wandering, fixed, fr. a- -a- + -plan"s wandering, fr. planasthai to wander# : nonmotile $Aplanobacter% $aplanospore% apo- or ap- or aph- prefix "apo- fr. ME, fr. MF * L+ MF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. apo$ ap- fr. Gk, fr. apo$ aph- fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. apo# 1 : away from : off $apastron% $aphelion% "2 : detached : separate $apocarpous% "3 : formed from : related to & in names of chemical compounds $apocodeine%+ apo- before consonants other than h and sometimes ap- before vowels and aphbefore h 'which is not repeated( but frequently apo- even before h or a vowel append- or appendo- or appendic- or appendico- combining form "NL, fr. appendic-, appendix, fr. L, appendage, supplement# : vermiform appendix $appendectomy% $appendicitis% $appendicostomy% $appendotome% aqui- also aqua- combining form "L aqui-, fr. aqua# : water $aquiculture% $aquiferous% $aquacade% aquo- combining form "ISV, fr. L aqua water + ISV -o-# "1 : containing a molecule of water as part of a coordination complex $hexaquocobalt'III( chloride "Co'H#O(&#Cl*% "2 : derived from water & in names of chemical compounds $aquocarbonic acid OC'OH(#%+ compare %00'"'- 2 -ar adj suffix "ME -ar, -er, fr. OF * L+ OF -er, fr. L -aris, alter. 'after bases containing l( of -alis -al# : of or belonging to $linear% $molecular% $nuclear% $polar% : being $spectacular% 5 aristo- $triangular% : resembling $annular% $oracular% & chiefly in words containing l and often accompanied by change of final postconsonantal -le of the base word to -ul- $angular% $muscular% $titular% arachn- or arachno- combining form "NL * Gk+ NL, fr. Gk, fr. arachn"$ perh. akin to L aranea spider, Gk arkys net# "1 : spider $arachnology% "2 : arachnoid membrane $arachnitis% arch- prefix "ME arche-, arch-, fr. OE * OF+ OE arce-, erce-, fr. LL arch- * L archi-, fr. Gk arch-, archi-+ OF arch-, arche-, fr. LL arch- * L archi- & more at %)&(+-# "1 : chief : principal $archangel% $archbishop% $archdiocese% $archduke% $archpillar% "2 : preeminent : extreme : most fully embodying the qualities of his or its kind $archantiquary% $archcapitalist% $archfool% $archinfamy% $archphilosopher% $archpuritan% $archrogue% "3 : first in time $archfather% : primitive $archform% !-arch n combining form -# "ME -arke, -arche, fr. OF * LL * L+ OF -arche, fr. LL -archa, fr. L -arches, -archus, fr. Gk -arch"s, archos & more at %)&(+-# : ruler : leader $matriarch% $nomarch% "-arch adj combining form "prob. fr. G, fr. Gk arch" beginning & more at %)&(+-# : having 'such( a point or 'so many( points of origin $endarch% $pentarch% archae- or archaeo- also archeo- combining form "Gk archaio-, fr. archaios ancient, fr. arch" beginning & more at %)&(+-# "1 : antiquity $archaeography% "2 : ancient : primitive $archaecraniate% $archaeolithic% $archeozoic% arche- prefix "L, fr. Gk, fr. archein to begin & more at %)&(+-# : primitive : original $archecentric% $archespore% archi- or arch- prefix "MF * It * L+ MF archi- * It arci-, fr. L archi-, fr. Gk arch-, archi$ akin to Gk archein to begin, arch" beginning, archos ruler# "1 : chief : principal $archiepiscopal% & archi- before consonants, arch- or more frequently archibefore vowels "2 : primitive : original : primary $archenteron% $archiblast% $archicarp% $archicontinent% $archipterygium% archy n combining form -$# "ME -archie, fr. MF, fr. L -archia, fr. Gk, fr. -arch"s ,-arch + -ia -y# : rule : government $dyarchy% $squirearchy% arct- or arcto- combining form "L arct-, fr. Gk arkt-, arkto-, fr. arktos bear, Ursa Major, north# "1 : north : arctic $Arctalia% $Arctogaea% "2 : bear $Arctoidea% $Arctostaphylus% -ard also -art n suffix -# "ME, fr. OF, of Gmc origin+ akin to OHG -hart 'in personal names such as G"rhart Gerard(+ akin to OE heard hard# : one that is characterized by performing some action, possessing some quality, or being associated with some thing esp. conspicuously or excessively $braggart% $drunkard% $dullard% $pollard% $sluggard% $stinkard% $wizard% : a large one of its kind $staggard% arenaceo- combining form "perh. fr. F arénacéo-, fr. L arenaceus# : arenaceous and $arenaceo-argillaceous% areo- combining form "Gk Ar"s Ares 'god of war(, Mars 'planet(# : the planet Mars $areocentric longitude% : of or belonging to the planet Mars $areography% argent- or argenti- or argento- combining form "MF argent-, fr. L, fr. argentum# : silver $argentamide% $argentinitrate% $argentometry% argill- or argilli- or argillo- combining form "ME argill-, fr. L, fr. argilla# "1 : clay $argilliferous% $argilloid% "2 : argillaceous and $argilloarenaceous% argillaceo- combining form "argillaceous# : argillaceous and $argillaceocalcareous% argyr- or argyro- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. argyros# : silver $argyrite% $argyrocephalous% -aria n suffix "NL, fr. L, fem. sing. * neut. pl. of -arius -ary# : one or ones like or connected with & esp. in biological taxonomic names $Campanularia% $Madreporaria% $Utricularia% -arian n suffix -# "L -arius -ary + E (-an# "1 : believer $necessitarian% : advocate $latitudinarian% "2 : producer $platitudinarian% $tractarian% aristo- combining form "MF * LL+ MF, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. aristos$ akin to Gk arariskein to fit# "1 : best $aristogenesis% "2 arithmo: aristocracy and $aristodemocracy% : aristocratic and $aristodemocratic% arithmo- combining form "prob. fr. NL, fr. LGk, fr. Gk arithmos$ akin to Gk arariskein to fit# : number $arithmograph% $arithmomania% -arium n suffix, pl -ariums or -aria "L, fr. neut. of -arius -ary# : thing or place belonging to or connected with $aquarium% $planetarium% ars- combining form "ISV, fr. arsenic# : arsenic $arsine% $arsphenamine% arsen- or arseno- combining form "ISV, fr. arsenic# : arsenic+ specif : containing the grouping $As%As$ analogous to the azo group $arsenobenzene% arsenoso- combining form "ISV, fr. arsen- + -oso- 'as in ferroso-(# : containing the univalent radical $AsO composed of arsenic and oxygen $arsenosophenol% arsino- combining form "ISV, fr. arsine + -o-# : arsine : containing the univalent radical AsH# arson- or arsono- combining form "ISV, fr. arsonic# : containing the radical $AsO'OH(# characteristic of the arsonic acids $arsonate% $arsonoacetic acid% arteri- or arterio- combining form "MF, fr. LL, fr. Gk art"ri-, art"rio-, fr. art"ria# "1 : artery $arteriectasia% $arteriology% "2 : arterial and $arteriovenous% arthr- or arthro- combining form "L arthr-, fr. Gk arthr-, arthro-, fr. arthron$ akin to Gk arariskein fit# : joint $arthralgia% $arthropathy% arto- combining form "L, fr. Gk, fr. artos$ perh. akin to Gk arariskein to fit# : bread $Artocarpus% !-ary n suffix -$# "ME -arie, fr. OF * L+ OF -arie, -aire, fr. L -arius, -aria, -arium, fr. -arius, adj. suffix# : one that belongs to or is connected with: "a : thing belonging to or connected with+ esp : place of $aviary% $bestiary% $herbary% $seminary% $termitary% "b : person belonging to, connected with, or engaged in $functionary% $seditionary% "-ary adj suffix "ME -arie, fr. MF * L+ MF -aire, fr. L -arius# : of or belonging to or connected with $budgetary% $discretionary% $parliamentary% $unitary% asc- or asci- or asco- combining form "NL, fr. ascus# : bladder : ascus $ascula% $ascigerous% $ascospore% ascidi- or ascidio- combining form "NL, fr. Ascidia ) ascidium# : ascidian $ascidiozooid% : ascidium $ascidiferous% -ase n suffix -# "F, fr. diastase# : enzyme : destroying substance $aureomycinase% $protease% $urease% aspid- or aspido- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. aspid-, aspis$ perh. akin to Gk aspid"s vast, broad, L spatium space# : shield $aspidate% $Aspidosperma% -aspis n combining form "NL, fr. Gk aspis shield & more at %#4+--# : one having 'such( a shield & in generic names in zoology and paleontology $Cephalaspis% $Odontaspis% -ast n suffix -# "ME aste, fr. L -astes, fr. Gk -ast"s 'akin to -ist"s -ist(# : one connected with $ecdysiast% $hypochondriast% aster- or astero- combining form "Gk, fr. aster-, ast"r# : star $asteroid% $Asterolepis% !-aster n suffix -# "ME, fr. L, suffix denoting partial resemblance# : one that is inferior, worthless, or not genuine $criticaster% $poetaster% "-aster n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk ast"r# : star & in structural and generic names in biology $diaster% $Geaster% asthen- or astheno- combining form "Gk, fr. asthen"s weak, fr. a- -a- + -sthen"s 'fr. sthenos strength(+ perh. akin to Skt saghnoti he takes upon himself, is a match for# : weak $asthenopia% : weakness $asthenology% astr- or astro- combining form "ME astro-, fr. OF, fr. L astr-, astro-, fr. Gk, fr. astron star# "1 : star $astroid% $astrometer% : the heavens $astrography% $astronautics% : astronomical $astrophysics% "2 : astrological $astrodiagnosis% : astrological and $astromedical% "3 : aster in cells $astrosphere% astragal- or astragalo- combining form "Gk, fr. astragalos# "1 : dice $astragalomancy% "2 "NL astragalus, fr. Gk astragalos# a : the bone astragalus $astragalectomy% "b : astragalar and $astragalocalcaneal% 6 atto- -ata n pl suffix "NL, fr. L, neut. pl. of -atus -ate# : ones characterized by having 'such a feature( & in names of zoological groups $Coelenterata% $Vertebrata% $Chordata% $Branchiata% !-ate n suffix -# "ME -at, fr. OF, fr. L -atus 'nom. sing. masc.(, -atum 'nom. sing. neut.(, fr. -atus, past part. ending of 1st conj. verbs# "1 : one acted upon 'in a specified way( $advocate% $legate% $centrifugate% $duplicate% $mandate% $vulcanizate% "2 "NL -atum, fr. L, neut. of -atus# : chemical compound or complex anion derived from a 'specified( compound or element $alcoholate% $ferrate%+ esp : salt or ester of an acid with a name ending in -ic and not beginning with hydro$acetate% $carbonate% "-ate n suffix -# "ME -at, fr. OF, fr. L -atus, fr. -atus, past part. ending of 1st conj. verbs# : office : function : rank : state : group of persons holding a 'specified( office or rank, having a 'specified( function, or being in a 'specified( state $episcopate% $pontificate% $professorate% $rabbinate% $-ate adj suffix "ME -at, fr. L -atus, past part. ending of 1st conj. verbs, fr. -a- 'thematic vowel of 1st conj.( + -tus, past part. ending & more at -$-# "1 : acted upon 'in a specified way( : brought into or being in a 'specified( state $consummate% $degenerate% $inanimate% $Italianate% $temperate% "2 : characterized by having $branchiate% $chordate% $foliate% %-ate vb suffix -$-5-+"/5-# "ME -aten, fr. L -atus, past part. ending of 1st conj. verbs# : to act 'in a specified way( $negotiate% $pontificate% : act upon 'in a specified way( $assassinate% $venerate% : cause to be modified or affected by $camphorate% $hyphenate% $pollinate% : cause to become $activate% $domesticate% $fractionate% : furnish with $capacitate% $substantiate% atel- or atelo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk atel- imperfect, incomplete, fr. atel"s, fr. a- -a- + -tel"s 'fr. telos end(# : defective $atelectasis% $atelomyelia% athero- combining form "NL, fr. atheroma# : atheroma $atherogenesis% -athon n combining form -# "marathon# "1 : event or activity lasting a long time often for the purpose of raising funds $walkathon% "2 : an excess of something $practical joke-athon% -ation n suffix -# "ME -acioun, fr. OF -ation, fr. L -ation-, -atio, fr. -atus -ate + -ion-, -io -ion# : action or process $computation% $flirtation% $visitation% : something connected with an action or process $civilization% $discoloration% -ative adj suffix "ME, fr. MF -atif, fr. L -ativus, fr. -atus -ate + -ivus -ive# : of, relating to, or connected with $authoritative% $consultative% $normative% $quantitative% : tending to $fixative% $formative% $laxative% $talkative% atlant- or atlanto- combining form "NL atlant-, atlas# "1 : atlas $atlantad% "2 : atlantal and $atlantoaxial% $atlantoodontoid% atlo- combining form "atlas# : atlantal and $atloaxoid% atloido- combining form "F atlo*do-, fr. atlo*de# : atlantal and $atloidoaxoid% atm- or atmo- combining form "NL atmo- vapor, fr. Gk atm-, atmo-, fr. atmos$ akin to Gk a"nai to blow# : vapor $atmiatry% : air $atmogenic% atmid- or atmido- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk, fr. atmid-, atmis, fr. atmos# : steam : vapor $atmidalbumin% $atmidometer% -ator n suffix -# "ME -atour, fr. OF * L+ OF -atour, -ator, fr. L -ator, fr. -atus -ate + -or# : one that does $calorizator% $totalizator% -atory adj suffix "ME, fr. L -atorius, fr. -atus -ate + -orius -ory# : of, belonging to, or connected with $perspiratory% : serving or tending to $amendatory% atri- or atrio- combining form "NL atrium, fr. L# "1 : atrium $atrial% $atriopore% "2 : atrial and $atriocoelomic% $atrioventricular% atro- combining form "L atr-, ater black + E -o-# : black and $atrocastaneous% atto- combining form "ISV, fr. Dan or Norw atten eighteen 'fr. ON +ttj+n( + -o-# : one quintillionth '10−18( part of $attogram% audioaudio- combining form "L audire to hear + E -o-# "1 : hearing $audiology% $audiometer% "2 : sound : frequencies in the range of audible sound $audiogenic% "3 : auditory and $audiovisual% audit- or audito- combining form "ME audit-, fr. MF * L+ MF audit-, fr. L, fr. auditus, past part. of audire to hear# "1 : hearing : sound $auditize% "2 : auditory and $auditopsychic% $auditosensory% aul- or aulo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. aulos# : flute : pipe $aulophyte% $Aulacanthus% $Aulostomus% aur- or auri- combining form "L, fr. auris# "1 : ear $aural% $auriscope% "2 : aural and $aurinasal% auri- combining form "ME, fr. L, fr. aurum# "1 : gold $auriferous% "2 : of, relating to, or containing trivalent gold : auric $auri-iodide% $auricyanide% auriculo- combining form "prob. fr. NL, fr. auricula auricle of the heart, fr. L, external ear# "1 : of or belonging to an auricle of the heart and $auriculoventricular% "2 : aural and $auriculoparietal% $auriculotemporal% auro- combining form "ISV, fr. L aurum# "1 a : gold $aurophobia% "b : gold and $auro-plumbiferous% "2 : of, relating to, or containing univalent gold : aurous $aurobromide% $aurothiosulfate% !austr- or austro- combining form, usu cap "ME austr-, fr. L, south, fr. austr-, auster south wind, south+ akin to L aurora dawn# "1 : south : southern $austroasiatic% $Austroriparian% "2 : Australian and $Austro-Malayan% "austr- or austro- combining form, usu cap "prob. fr. NL, fr. Austria# "1 : Austrian and $Austro-Hungarian% "2 : Austria $austrium% $Austrophobia% aut- or auto- combining form "Gk, fr. autos$ perh. akin to L aut or# "1 a : self : same one $autecology% $autism% $autobiography% $autogenetic% $autokinetic% $autolysis% "b usu auto: having similar genomes $autohexaploid% $autopolyploid% & opposed to all- "2 : automatic : self-acting : self-regulating $autoalarm% $autofeed% $autowind% "3 auto- "a : of, by, affecting, or for the same individual $autohemagglutination% $autovaccine% "b : self-caused : self-induced : occurring within one)s own body sometimes pathologically $autointoxication% "c : acting as an antibody on or produced as an antibody for a person)s or animal)s own antigens $autoagglutinin% $autohemolysin% auto- combining form "automobile# : self-propelling : automotive $autocab% $autocar% automat- or automato- combining form "Gk, self-acting, fr. automatos# : self-acting : self-regulating : automatic $automatin% $automatograph% auxano- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk auxanein to increase+ akin to Gk auxein to increase# : growth $auxanogram% $auxanology% -auxe n combining form, pl -auxae "NL, fr. Gk aux" growth+ akin to Gk auxein to increase# : enlargement : hypertrophy $enterauxe% auxo- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk, fr. auxein to increase# "1 : growth $auxobody% $auxosubstance% : increase $auxograph% "2 : accelerating : stimulating $auxochrome% ax- or axo- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk ax&n axle, axis# "1 : axis $axophyte% "2 : axis cylinder $axite% $axodendrite% axi- combining form "L, axle, axis, fr. axis# "1 : axis $axiform% 2 : axis cylinder $axilemma% axono- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk axon-, ax&n axle, axis# : axis $axonometry% $Axonophora% az- or azo- combining form "ISV, fr. azote# "1 : containing nitrogen $azolitmin% "2 azo- : containing the bivalent group $N%N$ composed of doubly bonded nitrogen atoms united usu. on both sides to carbon $azomethane CH*N%NCH*% aza- or az- combining form "ISV, fr. az- + -a-# : containing nitrogen in place of carbon, usu. the group $NH$ for the group $CH#$ or a single nitrogen atom %N$ for the group %CH$ $azacyanine% $azaphenanthrene% & compare '6%-, *(+%azido- combining form "ISV, fr. azide + -o-# : containing the uni- 7 benz- valent group N* derived from hydrazoic acid $azidoacetic acid% azoxy- combining form "ISV, fr. az- + oxy-# : containing the bivalent group $N'O(%N$ composed of two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom united usu. on both sides to carbon $azoxynaphthalene C+,H-N'O(%NC+,H-% azygo- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk azygos# : azygous $azygospore% bacill- or bacilli- or bacillo- combining form "NL bacillus# : bacillus $bacillosis% $bacilliculture% $bacillogenic% -bacter n combining form "NL, fr. bacterium# : bacterial organism & in generic names $Aerobacter% $Nitrobacter% bacteri- or bacterio- combining form "bacterium# : bacteria : bacterial $bacteriform% $bacterioblast% $bacteriolysis% balne- or balneo- combining form "L balne-, fr. balneum bath# : bath : bathing $balneal% $balneotherapy% bar- or baro- combining form "Gk baros# : weight : pressure $baragnosis% $barograph% bary- combining form "Gk bary-, fr. barys# : heavy $barylite% $barysphere% baryt- or baryto- combining form "ISV, fr. baryta# : baryta : barytic $barytocalcite% basi- also baso- combining form "ISV, fr. L basis# "1 a : base : lower part $basipetal% "b : at or near the base $basifixed% $basiglandular% "c : of or belonging to the base of $basicranial% "2 a : chemical base $basify% "b : subsilicic and $basiophitic% basidi- or basidio- combining form "NL, fr. basidium# : basidium : basidial $basidiospore% $Basidiomycetes% -bates n combining form "NL, fr. Gk -bat"s one that goes, fr. bainein to go, walk# : walker & in generic names of animals $Hydrobates% $Pelobates% bath- or batho- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk bathos, fr. bathys deep & more at 3%*(1-# "1 : depth $bathic% $batholith% $bathometer% $bathophobia% "2 : downward : lower $bathochrome% bathy- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk, fr. bathys deep+ akin to W boddi to drown, Skt g+hate he dives into# "1 : deep $bathyseism% : depth $bathythermograph% "2 : deep-sea $bathypelagic% $bathyplankton% $bathysphere% "3 : inner parts of the body $bathyesthesia% batrach- or batracho- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk, frog, fr. batrachos$ perh. akin to OHG kreta, krota toad# "1 : frog : toad $batrachophobia% "2 : ranula $batrachoplasty% -batrachus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk batrachos# : batrachian & in generic names of animals $Megalobatrachus% bdell- or bdello- combining form "F * NL, fr. Gk, fr. bdella# : leech $Bdelloura% $Bdelloida% $bdellotomy% -bdella n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk bdella# : leech & esp. in generic names in helminthology $Malacobdella% be- prefix "ME, fr. OE be-, bi-$ akin to OE b' by, near, OHG bibe-, b' by, near, Goth bi- be-, bi by, about, at# "1 : on : around : over $bedaub% $besmear% "2 : to a great or greater degree : thoroughly & esp. in intensive verbs formed from simple verbs $becudgel% $befuddle% $besmite% $bespatter% $berate% 3 : excessively : ostentatiously & in intensive verbs formed from simple verbs $bedeck% $belaud% and in adjectives based on adjectives ending in -ed $beribboned% $befurbelowed% "4 : about : to : at : upon : against : across & in transitive verbs formed from intransitive simple verbs $bestride% $bespeak% $becroak% "5 : make : cause to be : treat as & in verbs formed from adjectives or nouns $belittle% $benumb% $befool% $befriend% "6 : call or dub esp. excessively & in verbs formed from nouns $belady% $berascal% $bedoctor% "7 : affect, afflict, treat, provide, or cover with esp. excessively & in verbs formed from nouns $befamine% $bedevil% $beglue% $beblood% and sometimes only in the form of a past participle or adjective ending in -ed $becapped% $becobwebbed% belgo- combining form, cap "Belgium + -o-# "1 : Belgium : Belgian $Belgophile% "2 : Belgium and $Belgo-Luxembourg% : Belgian and $Belgo-Dutch% benz- or benzo- combining form "ISV, fr. benzoin$ prob. orig. biformed in F# "1 : related to benzene or benzoic acid $benzazide% $benzopinacol% "2 : containing a benzene ring fused on one side to one side of another ring $benzacridine% $benzopyrone% !bi- prefix "ME, fr. L+ akin to OE twi- & more at *,+-# "1 a : two $bimuscular% $bicycle% $biracial% "b : lasting two : coming or occurring every two $biennial% $bimonthly% $biweekly% "c : into two parts $bisect% "2 a : twice : doubly : on both sides $biconic% $biconvex% $biserrate% "b : coming or occurring two times $bidiurnal% $biquarterly% $biweekly% & often disapproved in this sense because of the likelihood of confusion with sense 1b+ compare #$0+- "3 anat : between, involving, or affecting two 'specified( symmetrical parts $bigonial% $bi-iliac% "4 chem "a : containing one 'specified( constituent in double the proportion of the other constituent or in double the ordinary proportion & esp. in names of acid salts formed with twice as much acid as is required for a normal salt $biurate% "b : -+- 2 & esp. in names of organic compounds to denote the doubling of a radical or molecule $bitolyl% $biphenol% "bi- or bio- combining form "Gk, fr. bios mode of life# "1 : life $bioblast% : living organisms or tissue $biopsy% $biodynamics% 2 : biology : biological $biopsychology% "3 : biographical $biopic% : biographical and $biocritical% -bia n combining form "NL, fr. fem. sing. and neut. pl. of -bius having a 'specified( mode of life & more at -3+!## : one or ones having a 'specified( mode of life & in generic names as a singular $Bryobia% and in descriptive biological group names as a plural $aerobia% $coenobia% biblic- or biblico- combining form, often cap "obs. biblic biblical 'prob. fr. ML biblicus, fr. biblia Bible + L -icus ic( + E -o-# : Bible $biblicist% : biblical and $biblicoliterary% biblio- combining form "MF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. biblion# : book $bibliography% $bibliomania% bicyclo- combining form "ISV, fr. bicyclic# chem : bicyclic $bicycloalkane% bili- combining form "MF, fr. L, fr. bilis# "1 : bile $bilifaction% "2 : derived from bile $bilirubin% bin- combining form "ME, fr. LL, fr. L bini two by two+ akin to OE tw'n twine# "1 : two : two by two : two at a time $binary% $binate% $binaural% "2 chem : ,3+- 4 $binoxalate% $binoxide% & in some words of which the last constituent begins with a vowel+ compare ,3+-biont n combining form -# "prob. fr. G, modif. of Gk biount-, bi&n living, pres. part. of bioun to live, fr. bios mode of life# : one having a 'specified( mode of life $aerobiont% -biosis n combining form, pl -bioses "NL, fr. Gk bi&sis, fr. bioun to live 'fr. bios mode of life( + -&sis -osis# : mode of life $aerobiosis% $necrobiosis% -biotic adj combining form "prob. fr. NL -bioticus, fr. Gk bi&tikos# "1 : relating to life : life $antibiotic% "2 : having a 'specified( mode of life $aerobiotic% $necrobiotic% bis- combining form "L, fr. bis# "1 a : both : of or belonging to both & chiefly in anatomical or medical words of which the second constituent begins with a vowel $bisischiatic% "b : two $bismarine% "2 : twice : doubled & esp. in complex chemical expressions $bisdimethylamino-% $bisquarternary% bismut- or bismuto- combining form "G bismut-, bismuto-, fr. bismut 'now wismut(# : bismuth $bismutite% $bismutoplagionite% -bium n combining form, pl -bia "NL, fr. neut. of -bius# : organism or group having a 'specified( mode of life & in taxonomic names $Anobium% and group names $coenobium% in biology -bius n combining form "NL, fr. -bius having a 'specified( mode of life, fr. Gk -bios, fr. bios mode of life# : one that has a 'specified( mode of life & chiefly in generic names in zoology $Enterobius% blast- or blasto- combining form "G blast-, blasto-, fr. Gk, fr. blastos# "1 : bud : budding : germ : embryo in its early stages $blastoderm% "2 : metamorphic and $blastogranitic% -blast n combining form -# "NL -blastus, fr. Gk blastos$ akin to 8 bronchi- OE molda top of the head, Gk bl&thros tall, melathron roof, Skt m!rdhan head, Toch A malto first# "1 biol "a : germ : shoot : sprout "b : embryonic or formative cell & in names of formative cells corresponding to names of fully developed cells ending in -cyte $erythroblast% "c : germ layer : formative layer of cells $splanchnoblast% "d : formative constituent unit of living matter $idioblast% "2 geol : crystal formed during metamorphism $porphyroblast% -blastic adj combining form "ISV, fr. -blast + -ic# : sprouting or germinating 'in a specified way( $heteroblastic% : having 'such or so many( sprouts, buds, or germ layers $calyptoblastic% $monoblastic% -blasty n combining form -$# "ISV, fr. -blastic + -y# : manner or condition of germinating $heteroblasty% blephar- or blepharo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. blepharon# "1 : eyelid $blepharitis% $blepharospasm% : of the eyelid and $blepharoconjunctivitis% "2 : cilium : flagellum $blepharoplast% bor- or boro- combining form "ISV, fr. boron# : boron $borism% $boryl% $boroarsenate% bothr- or bothro- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. bothros# : trough : pit $bothrenchyma% & chiefly in generic names $Bothrodendron% $Bothrops% bothri- or bothrio- combining form "NL, fr. bothrium# : bothrium $bothrithorax% $Bothriolepis% botry- or botryo- combining form "Gk, fr. botrys# "1 : bunch of grapes $botryose% "2 : botryoid $botryolite% bovi- combining form "LL bovi-, fr. L bov-, bos# : cattle $boviculture% brachi- or brachio- combining form "L brachi- * NL brachio-, fr. L brachium# "1 : arm $brachiferous% $brachiotomy% "2 : brachial and $brachiofacial% brachy- combining form "Gk, fr. brachys# "1 : short $brachycephalic% "2 : brachydiagonal & in terms in crystallography $brachydome% brady- combining form "MF * NL, fr. Gk bradys# "1 : slow $bradycardia% : dull $bradyacusia% "2 : 3)%&(1- $bradydactylia% -branch n combining form -# "NL -branchia ones having 'such or so many( gills * -branchus one having 'such or so many( gills 'fr. Gk branchos gill, irreg. fr. Gk branchia gills(# "1 : one having 'such or so many( gills $cryptobranch% $dibranch% "2 : gill $arthrobranch% : organ like a gill $actinobranch% branchi- or branchio- combining form "NL branchio-, fr. Gk, fr. branchia# "1 : gills $branchiferous% $branchiogenous% "2 : branchial and $branchiocardiac% !-branchia n pl combining form "NL, fr. L branchia# : ones having 'such or so many( gills & in taxonomic names in zoology $Cryptobranchia% $Tetrabranchia% "-branchia n combining form, pl -branchiae "NL, fr. L branchia# : gill $podobranchia% : organ like a gill $pulmobranchia% brevi- combining form "L, fr. brevis# : short $brevi-conic% $brevilingual% brito- n combining form, cap "prob. fr. L Brito# "1 : of or belonging to the Britons and $Brito-Roman% "2 : British and $Brito-Japanese% "3 : Britain $Britocentric% brom- or bromo- combining form "ISV, prob. fr. F brome bromine, fr. Gk br&mos bad smell# "1 : bromine $bromhydrate% $bromoprene% "2 now usu bromo- : containing bromine in place of hydrogen & in names of organic compounds $bromoacetic acid% "3 now usu bromo- : containing bromine regarded as replacing hydroxyl or oxygen or as coordinated to a central atom & in names of inorganic acids and salts $bromoauric acid% "4 : containing bromine as bromide and sometimes replacing another element or group & in names of minerals and salts occurring as minerals bronch- or broncho- combining form "prob. fr. F bronch-, broncho- trachea, throat, fr. LL broncho-, fr. Gk bronch-, broncho-, fr. bronchos# "1 : throat $bronchocele% "2 : bronchial $bronchitis% $bronchophony% "3 : bronchial and $bronchopulmonary% bronchi- or bronchio- combining form "prob. fr. NL bronchi-, fr. brontLL bronchium# : bronchia $bronchiectasis% $bronchiocrisis% bront- or bronto- combining form "Gk, fr. bront"$ akin to Gk bremein to roar, bromos loud noise# : thunder $brontide% $brontometer% & often in generic names esp. of large animals $Brontops% $Brontotherium% bry- or bryo- combining form "NL, moss, fr. Gk bryo- moss, catkin, fr. bryon$ perh. akin to OHG kr!t herb, cabbage# : moss $Bryaceae% $bryology% bucco- combining form "prob. fr. NL, fr. L bucca cheek# : buccal and $buccogingival% $buccolingual% bulb- or bulbo- combining form "MF * L+ MF bulb-, fr. L, fr. bulbus# "1 : bulb $bulbar% $Bulbocodium% "2 : bulbar and $bulbospinal% -bulia also -boulia n combining form -# "NL -bulia, fr. Gk -boulia, fr. boul" will+ prob. akin to Gk ballein to throw# : condition of having 'such( will $hyperbulia% -bulic also -boulic adj combining form "ISV, fr. NL -bulia + ISV -ic# : of, relating to, or characterized by a 'specified( state of the will -burger n combining form -# "hamburger# "1 a : patty of a 'specified( kind of food usu. meat or a meat substitute $porkburger% $nutburger% "b : sandwich made of such a patty $porkburger% "2 : sandwich with a filling consisting of a hamburger patty topped with a 'specified( food $cheeseburger% but- or buto- combining form "ISV, fr. butyric# : containing a group of four carbon atoms $butane% $butene% $butopyronoxyl% butoxy- combining form "ISV, fr. butoxyl# : containing butoxyl butyr- or butyro- combining form "ISV, fr. butyric# : butyric : related to butyric acid or butyraldehyde $butyraldol% $butyronitrile% cac- or caco- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kak-, kako-, fr. kakos bad# "1 : bad $caconym% : incorrect $cacoepy% : unpleasant $cacophonous% "2 : diseased $cacochylia% -cace n combining form -# "Gk kak" badness, fr. kakos bad# : diseased or vitiated condition of a 'specified( bodily part $arthrocace% $carpocace% -cade n combining form -# "cavalcade# : procession $motorcade% : spectacle $aquacade% -caine n combining form -# "G -kain, fr. kokain, cocaine# : synthetic alkaloid anesthetic $dibucaine% $procaine% calam- or calami- or calamo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kalam-, kalamo-, fr. kalamos reed# : reed : reedlike $Calamagrostis% $calamiferous% $Calamodendron% calc- or calci- or calco- combining form "L calc-, calx lime# : calcium : calcium salts $calcite% $calcimeter% $calcospherite% calcaneo- combining form "calcaneum# : calcaneal and $calcaneoastragalar% $calcaneocuboid% calcareo- combining form "calcareous# : calcareous $calcareocorneous% $calcareosulfurous% calcio- combining form "calcium# : calcium & used chiefly in names of minerals $calciobiotite% calli- or callo- or cali- or calo- combining form "calli- fr. L, fr. Gk kalli-, fr. kallos beauty+ akin to Gk kalos beautiful, Skt kalya healthy+ calo- fr. ML, fr. Gk kalo-, fr. kalos$ callo- ) cali- fr. blending of other forms# : beautiful $calligraph% $Callorynchus% $Calimeris% : white $calomel% : beauty $Calliphora% calori- combining form "L, fr. calor# : heat $calorimeter% calyc- or calyco- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kalyk-, kalyko-, fr. kalyk-, kalyx# : calyx $calycoid% $Calycophora% calyci- combining form "L calyc-, calyx# : calyx $calyciferous% $calycifloral% calyptri- or calyptro- combining form "NL calyptra# : calyptra : hood : cap $calyptriform% $calyptrogen% -campa n combining form "NL, fr Gk kamp"$ prob. akin to Gk kamp" bend, turning# : caterpillar & in generic names of insects $Lasiocampa% $Taeniocampa% camph- or campho- combining form "NL camphora# : camphor $camphene% $camphocarboxylic% campto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kamptos flexible+ akin to Gk kamp" bend# : bent : curved $camptodrome% $Camptosorus% 9 -cele -capnia n combining form, pl -capnias or -capniae "NL, fr. Gk kapnos smoke + NL -ia$ akin to L cupere to desire# : carbon dioxide in the blood $hypercapnia% $hypocapnia% capri- combining form "L, fr. capr-, caper# : goat $Capricorn% capsul- or capsuli- or capsulo- combining form "NL, fr. capsula# : capsule $capsulitis% $capsuliform% $capsulolenticular% carb- or carbo- combining form "F, fr. carbone# : carbon : carbonic : carbonyl : carboxyl $carbodiimide% $carbohydrazide% $carbohydrate% carbol- combining form "ISV carb- + L oleum oil+ orig. formed as G karbol-# : carbolic acid $carboluria% $carbolxylol% $carbolate% carboni- combining form "L carbon-, carbo ember, charcoal# : coal $carboniferous% $carbonigenous% carboxy- or carbox- combining form "ISV, fr. carboxyl# : carboxyl $carboxamide% $carboxyphenyl% carcin- or carcino- combining form "Gk karkin-, karkino-, fr. karkinos# "1 : crab $carcinology% "2 : tumor $carcinogenic% : cancer $carcinemia% $carcinosarcoma% cardi- or cardia- or cardio- combining form "Gk kardi-, kardio-, fr. kardia# "1 : heart : cardiac $cardiagra% $cardioaortic% $cardioptosis% $cardiopuncture% "2 : heart action $cardiagram% -cardia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk kardia# "1 : heart action or location 'of a specified type( $dextrocardia% $tachycardia% 2 a : animal or animals having a 'specified( type of heart $Diplocardia% $Leptocardia% "b : heart-shaped animal & esp. in generic names of mollusks -cardium n combining form, pl -cardia "NL, fr. Gk -kardion, fr. kardia# : heart $endocardium% $mesocardium% caric- or carico- combining form "NL Caric-, Carex# : carex : sedges $caricetum% $caricology% cario- combining form "caries# : caries $cariogenic% $cariostatic% -caris n combining form "NL, fr. L caris, a kind of sea crab, fr. Gk karis$ perh. akin to Gk kara head# : shrimp : prawn & in generic names of crustacea $Echinocaris% !carp- or carpo- combining form "F * NL, fr. Gk karp-, karpo-, fr. karpos fruit# : fruit $Carpoidea% $carpology% "carp- or carpo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk karp-, karpo-, fr. karpos wrist# : carpus $carpitis% : carpus and $carpometacarpus% : carpal and $carpopedal% -carp also -carpium n combining form, pl -carps also -carpia "NL -carpium, fr. Gk -karpion, fr. karpos fruit# "1 : part of a fruit $pericarp% : fruit $schizocarp% $amphicarpium% "2 "NL -carpus, fr. Gk -karpos -carpous, fr. karpos# : plant having fruit 'in a specified place( $acrocarp% $pleurocarp% -carpic adj combining form "prob. fr. NL -carpicus, fr. Gk karpos fruit + L -icus -ic# : -&%)4'!# $eucarpic% -carpous adj combining form "NL -carpus, fr. Gk -karpos, fr. karpos fruit# : fruited : having 'such( fruit or 'so many( fruits $syncarpous% $monocarpous% & -carpy n combining form -$# -carpus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk -karpos -carpous# : plant having 'such( fruit & in generic names $Corynocarpus% $Thysanocarpus% case- or caseo- combining form "casein# : casein $casease% $caseolysis% cata- or cat- or cath- prefix "Gk kata-, kat-, kath-, fr. kata down+ akin to OW cant with, along, Hitt katta under, with, L comwith, together & more at &'-# "1 : down $cation% $catabiotic% "2 : against $catabaptist% cato- prefix "Gk kat&-, fr. kat& downwards, fr. kata down & more at &%*%-# : down : lower $catogene% $Catostomus% caud- or caudi- or caudo- combining form "L cauda# : tail $caudad% $caudiform% : caudal and $caudodorsal% caul- or cauli- or caulo- combining form "cauli- fr. L caulis$ caul-, caulo- fr. NL, fr. Gk. kaul-, kaulo-, fr. kaulos# : stem : stalk $caulome% $cauliflory% cec- or ceci- or ceco- or caec- or caeci- or caeco- combining form "NL, fr. cecum# : cecum $cecectomy% $ceciform% $cecitis% $cecocolic% -cele n combining form -# "MF, fr. L, fr. Gk k"l" tumor+ akin to cellOE h"ala hydrocele, hernia, OHG h&la hernia, ON haull, OSlav kyla# : tumor : hernia $cystocele% $gastrocele% cell- or cello- combining form "cellulose# : cellulose $Cellfalcicula% $cellobiose% -celled adj combining form : having 'such or so many( cells $nerve-celled% $single-celled organisms% !cellul- or celluli- or cellulo- combining form "NL, fr. cellula# "1 : plant or animal cell $cellulicidal% $cellulotoxic% "2 : cellular and $cellulofibrous% "cellul- or cellulo- also cellu- combining form "cellulose# : cellulose $celluloid, cellulolytic% cen- or ceno- or caen- or caeno- combining form "Gk kain-, kaino-, fr. kainos new# "1 : recent $cenozoic% "2 : novel $cenogenesis% -cene adj combining form "Gk kainos new# : recent & in names of geologic periods $eocene% centi- combining form "F * L+ F, hundredth, fr. L, hundred, fr. centum hundred# "1 : hundred $centipede% "2 : hundredth part $centimeter% $centinormal% & chiefly in terms belonging to the metric system centr- or centro- combining form "Gk kentr-, kentro-, fr. kentron center, sharp point# "1 : center $centroid% : central and $centrodorsal% "2 : spiny $centrarchid% $centrosema% centri- combining form "NL, fr. L &$"*)!0# : center $centrifugal% $centriole% -centric adj combining form "ME -sentrik 'in consentrik concentric(, fr. ML -centricus 'in concentricus concentric, eccentricus eccentric(# : having 'such( a center or 'such or so many( centers $heterocentric% $homocentric% $polycentric% : having 'something specified( as its center $anthropocentric% $heliocentric% cephal- or cephalo- combining form "L, fr. Gk kephal-, kephalo-, fr. kephal" head# "1 : head $cephalitis% $cephalometer% "2 : cephalic and $cephalofacial% -cephalic adj combining form "NL -cephalus, F -céphale, E -cephalous + E -ic# : -headed : having 'such( a head or 'so many( heads $brachycephalic% $discocephalic% $bicephalic% & -cephalism n combining form -# & -cephaly n combining form -$# -cephalous adj combining form "Gk -kephalos, fr. kephal"# : -&$4(%.+& -cephalus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk -kephalos# "1 pl -cephali : cephalic abnormality 'of a specified type( $microcephalus% $hydrocephalus% "2 pl -cephali or -cephala : organism having a 'specified( type of head $Ichthyocephali% $Phanerocephala% cer- or cero- combining form "Gk k"r-, k"ro-, fr. k"ros# : wax $cerophilous% $cerotype% -cera n combining form, pl -cera "NL, fr. Gk keras horn# : horned one : horned ones & in taxonomic names in zoology $Acrocera% $Cladocera% $Nematocera% -ceras n combining form "NL, fr. Gk keras# : horned one & in generic names of plants and animals $Cyrtoceras% $Dinoceras% cerat- or cerato- also kerat- or kerato- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kerat-, kerato-, fr. keras horn# "1 : horn : horny $Ceratodos% "2 usu kerat- or kerato- : cornea $keratitis% ceraun- or cerauno- combining form "Gk keraun-, kerauno-, fr. keraunos thunderbolt+ akin to Gk k"r death# : thunder $ceraunograph% $ceraunophone% cerc- or cerco- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kerk-, kerko-, fr. kerkos tail# : tail : tailed $cercaria% $cercopod% -cercal adj combining form "F -cerque 'fr. Gk kerkos tail( + E -al# : tailed $homocercal% $isocercal% -cercy n combining form -$# "ISV -cercal + -y$ prob. orig. formed as F -cerquie# : tail formation 'of a specified type( $diphycercy% cerebell- or cerebelli- or cerebello- combining form "cerebellum# 1 : cerebellum $cerebellitis% "2 : cerebellar : cerebellar and $cerebellocortex% $cerebellospinal% cerebr- or cerebri- or cerebro- combining form "cerebrum# "1 : brain : cerebrum $cerebroid% $cerebriform% $cerebroscope% 2 : cerebral and $cerebrospinal% 10 choan- -cerus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk -ker&s, fr. keras horn# : horned one & in generic names of insects $Tetracerus% cervi- combining form "F * NL, fr. L cervus# : deer $Cervicapra% cervic- or cervici- or cervico- combining form "L cervic-, cervix neck# : neck $cervicodynia% : cervix of an organ $cervicectomy% : cervical and $cervicofacial% cet- or ceto- combining form "F cét-, céto-, NL cet-, ceto-, fr. L cetus# : whale $cetyl% $cetotolite% $Cetorhinus% chaet- or chaeto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk chait"# : bristle : hair $Chaetodon% $chaetophorous% -chaeta n combining form "NL, fr. Gk -chait"s -haired, fr. chait"# "1 also -chaetes or -chaetus : haired one : hairlike one & in generic names $Spirochaeta% $Connochaetes% "2 pl -chaetae : bristle 'of a specified type( $microchaeta% chalc- or chalco- also chalk- or chalko- combining form "F * L, fr. Gk chalk-, chalko-, fr. chalkos copper, prob. akin to Lith gele%is iron, Russ zhelezo# : copper : brass : bronze $chalcomenite% $chalcomancy% chamae- or chame- combining form "NL, fr. Gk chamai on the ground# : low : ground $Chamaerops% $Chamaesaura% & used chiefly in generic names of plants and animals -cheilia also -chilia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk -cheil"s having 'such( lips 'fr. cheilos lip( + NL -ia & more at &(+.-# : lip formation 'of a specified type( $macrocheilia% chel- or cheli- combining form "NL, fr. chela# : claw $chelicera% chem- or chemo- or chemico- also chemi- or chemio- combining form "chem- ) chemo- fr. NL, fr. LGk ch"meia alchemy+ chemico- fr. chemical$ chemi- ) chemio- prob. fr. Dan kemi-, fr. kemi chemistry, fr. LGk ch"meia# "1 : chemical : chemistry $chemosmosis% $chemotaxis% "2 : chemically $chemisorb% $chemiotropic% : chemical and $chemicophysical% chen- or cheno- combining form "Gk ch"n-, ch"no-, fr. ch"n# : goose $Chenopodium% chiasto- combining form "G, fr. Gk chiastos# : marked with or characterized by a cross : crossed at right angles $chiasto-basidium% chil- or chilo- also cheil- or cheilo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk cheil-, cheilo-, fr. cheilos# : lip $Chilopsis% $Chilomastix% chin- or chino- combining form "alter. 'influenced by G chin-, chino-, fr. chinin quinine( of quin-, quino-# : quinine $chinotoxine% $chinol% chino- combining form, usu cap "China# : Chinese and $Chino-Japanese% & compare #+"'chion- or chiono- also chio- combining form "chion-, chiono- fr. NL, fr. Gk, fr. chi&n snow+ chio- fr. G * NL, fr. Gk chi&n$ akin to Gk cheim&n winter# : snow $chionanthus% $chiolite% $chionodoxa% chir- or chiro- also cheir- or cheiro- combining form "L chir-, chiro-, fr. Gk cheir-, cheiro-, fr. cheir$ akin to Alb dore hand, Hitt kesar, Toch A tsar# : hand $chiragra% $chiromancy% $cheirology% -chiria or -cheiria n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk -cheiria, fr. cheir hand & more at &(+)-# : -handedness $allochiria% $macrochiria% -chirurgia n combining form -# "NL, fr. L chirurgia# : surgery : cutting $enterochirurgia% $pneumochirurgia% chlamyd- or chlamydo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk chlamyd-, chlamys# : mantle $chlamydospore% $Chlamydozoa% chlor- or chloro- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. chl&ros greenish yellow# "1 : green $chlorophyll% $chlorophane% "2 : yellowish green : pale green : anemic $chlorosis% "3 a : chlorine $chlorhydrate% $chloroform% "b now usu chloro- : containing chlorine in place of hydrogen & in names of organic compounds $chloroaniline% "c now usu chloro- : containing chlorine regarded as replacing hydroxyl or oxygen or as coordinated to a central atom & in names of inorganic acids and salts $chloroauric acid% $chlorochromate% "d : containing chlorine as chloride sometimes replacing another element or group & in names of minerals and salts occurring as minerals $chlorosulfate% choan- or choano- combining form "NL, fr. Gk choan" funnel, -choerus fr. chein to pour# : funnel : funnel-shaped opening or part $choanate% $choanocyte% -choerus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk choiros pig+ akin to L horr"re to bristle# : pig : piglike animal & in generic names in zoology $Hydrochoerus% chol- or chole- or cholo- combining form "Gk chol-, chol"-, cholo-, fr. chol", cholos# : bile : gall $cholane% $cholelith% $chologenetic% chondr- or chondri- or chondro- combining form "NL, fr. Gk chondr-, chondro-, fr. chondros grain, cartilage# "1 : cartilage : cartilaginous and $chondrectomy% $chondrify% $chondro-osseous% $chondrocele% "2 : grain $chondrite% chondri- or chondrio- combining form "G, fr. Gk chondrion small grain, dim. of chondros# : grain : granular $chondriosome% $chondriosomal% $chondriocont% $chondriome% chor- or choro- combining form "L, fr. Gk ch&r-, ch&ro-, fr. ch&ros place, clear space+ akin to Gk ch"ros left, bereaved# : place : land $chorepiscopus% $chorology% chord- or chordo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. chord" gut, string# : an anatomical cord: as "a : vocal cord $chorditis% "b : spinal cord $chordotomy% "c : notochord $Chordata% !-chord n combining form -# "partly fr. ME -corde 'in monacorde monochord(, fr. MF, fr. LL -chordon, fr. Gk. fr. -chordos stringed, fr. chord" string+ partly fr. ML -chordium 'in clavichordium clavichord(, fr. L chorda string, fr. Gk chord"# 1 : musical instrument having 'such or so many( strings $lyrichord% "2 : musical scale or interval 'of a specified extent( $hexachord% "-chord adj combining form "LL -chordus, fr. Gk -chordos# : having 'so many( strings $septichord% -chore n combining form -# "Gk ch&rein to withdraw, advance, go, spread+ akin to Gk ch"ros left, bereaved# : plant distributed by a 'specified( means or agency $zoochore% & -chorous adj combining form & -chory n combining form -$# choreo- also chore- or chorio- combining form "choreo-, chore-, fr. F choréo-, choré-, fr. Gk choreia dance, fr. choros dance, place for dancing+ chorio-, alter. of choreo-# : dance $choreomania% $choreography% !chori- or chorio- combining form "NL, fr. Gk chorio-, fr. chorion# "1 : chorion : chorionic $choriocarcinoma% $chorioma% "2 : choroid : choroid and $choriocele% $chorioretinal% "chori- combining form "NL, fr. Gk ch&ri, ch&ris apart+ akin to Gk ch"ros left, bereaved# : separated : distinct $choripetalous% chorist- or choristo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk ch&ristos separable# : separated : misplaced $choristoblastoma% $choristoma% christo- combining form, cap "LGk, fr. Gk Christos# : Christ $Christocentric% $Christolatry% $Christocracy% -chroia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk, fr. -chroos -chroous + -ia# : coloration $dyschroia% : discoloration $cyanochroia% -chroic adj combining form "Gk i-chroos -chroous + ISV -ic# : -&()''!# $erythrochroic% chrom- or chromo- combining form "F, fr. Gk chr&ma color# "1 : chromium $chromammine% $chromoarsenate% "2 a : color : colored $chromidrosis% $chromometer% "b : pigment : pigmented $chromocyte% $chromogen% -chromasia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk chr&mat-, chr&ma color + NL -ia# "1 : color $achromasia% "2 : stainability : colorability $polychromasia% chromat- or chromato- combining form "Gk chr&mat-, chr&ma color# "1 : color $chromatology% : colored $chromatopsia% "2 : chromatin $chromatolysis% -chrome n or adj combining form "ML -chromat-, chroma colored thing, fr. Gk chr&mat-, chr&ma color# "1 : colored thing : colored $monochrome% "2 : coloring matter $endochrome% -chromia n combining form -# "NL, fr. LGk -chr&mia, fr. Gk -chr&mos colored 'fr. chr&ma color( + -ia# : state of pigmentation $anisochromia% !-chromy n combining form -$# "Gk chr&ma color + ISV -y$ prob. orig. formed as G -chromie# : painting : coloring $lithochromy% $stereochromy% "-chromy n combining form -$# "NL -chromia# : -&()'0+% 11 -clast chron- or chrono- combining form "Gk, fr. chronos# : time $chronaxie% $chronogram% -chronous adj combining form "Gk -chronos, fr. chronos time# : of 'such( a time or period $homeochronous% $isochronous% -chroous adj combining form "Gk -chroos, fr. chr&s skin, color# : -colored $isochroous% chrys- or chryso- combining form "Gk, fr. chrysos gold# : gold : golden : yellow $chrysamine% $chrysophyll% chyl- or chyli- or chylo- combining form "F or NL, fr. Gk chyl-, chylo-, fr. chylos# "1 : chyle $chyluria% $chyliform% $chylocyst% 2 : juice $chylocauly% -chylia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk, fr. chyl- + -ia# : condition of having 'such( chyle $achylia% -cidal adj combining form "LL -cidalis, fr. L -cida + -alis -al# "1 : killing : having power to kill $filaricidal% "2 : cutting $loculicidal% -cide n combining form -# "MF, fr. L -cida, fr. caedere to kill# "1 : killer $fratricide% $insecticide% "2 "MF, fr. L -cidium, fr. caedere# : killing $homicide% $suicide% cili- or cilii- or cilio- combining form "NL, fr. cilia# "1 : ciliary body $ciliotomy% : ciliary body and $cilioretinal% "2 : cilia $ciliferous% $ciliiform% $ciliograde% cine- combining form "cinema# : motion picture $cinecamera% $cinefilm% $cine-X ray% cinnam- or cinnamo- combining form "F, fr. L cinnamum# "1 : cinnamon $cinnamodendron% "2 : cinnamic acid $cinnamoyl% cion- or ciono- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kion-, kiono-, fr. kion-, ki&n pillar, uvula# "1 : uvula $cionitis% $cionotomy% "2 : pillar $cionocranial% circum- prefix "OF or L+ OF, fr. L, fr. circum round about, fr. circus circle# "1 adverbially : around : about : on all sides $circumrotate% $circumgyration% "2 prepositionally : around : surrounding $circumbasal% $circumcorneal% $circumlunar% : revolving around $circumsolar% "3 : circumscribed $circumpolygon% cirr- or cirri- or cirro- also cirrhi- or cirrho- combining form "L cirrus curl# "1 : cirrus of a plant or animal $cirriferous% $cirrigrade% "2 : cirrus cloud $cirrostratus% cirs- or cirso- combining form "MF, fr. Gk kirs-, kirso-, fr. kirsos# : swollen vein : varix $cirsoid% $cirsotomy% cis- prefix "L, fr. cis# "1 : on this side : on the nearer side & often joined to second element with a hyphen $cisalpine% $cis-Alleghany%+ compare *)%"#-, !.*)%- "2 : nearer in time : since $cisatomic% citr- or citri- or citro- combining form "NL, fr. Citrus# "1 : citrus $citropsis% $citriculture% "2 a : citric acid $citramide% "b : citrate $citrochloride% citra- prefix "ML, fr. L citra# : cis- $citramontane% & opposed to ultraclad- or clado- combining form "NL, fr. Gk klad-, klado-, fr. klados# : slip : sprout $cladanthous% $cladophyll% -cladous adj combining form "NL -cladus, fr. Gk -klados, fr. klados sprout, twig# : branched $acanthocladous% -clase n combining form -# "F, fr. Gk klasis breaking, fr. klan to break# : a mineral having a 'specified( kind of cleavage $clinoclase% $plagioclase% -clasia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk klasis breaking 'fr. klan to break( + NL -ia# : breaking $arthroclasia% : breaking up $hemoclasia% -clasis n combining form, pl -clases "NL, fr. Gk klasis# : -&.%#+% $diaclasis% -clasite n combining form -# "ISV -clase + -ite$ orig. formed as G -klasit# : -&.%#$ classico- combining form "F, fr. classique# "1 : classical : classical and $classico-Lombardic% "2 : the classics $classicolatry% !-clast n combining form -# "ML -clastes, fr. MGk -klast"s, fr. Gk klan to break# "1 : one that breaks or destroys $iconoclast% $biblioclast% "2 "G -klast, fr. ML -clastes# : something that breaks or destroys+ esp : a tool for breaking $cranioclast% "-clast n combining form -# "back-formation fr. --clastic# : rock composed of fragmental material 'of a specified type( $pyroclast% $cataclast% -clastic !-clastic adj combining form ",-clast + -ic# "1 a : breaking, destroying $iconoclastic% $mythoclastic% "b : disintegrating $proteoclastic% "2 "Gk klastos broken 'fr. klan to break( + E -ic# : curved $anticlastic% "-clastic n combining form -# : breaker : destroyer $dendroclastic% $panclastic% $-clastic adj combining form "ISV -clast 'fr. Gk klastos broken( + -ic$ orig. formed as G -klastisch# : composed of fragmental material 'of a specified type( & used in names of rocks $cryptoclastic% $pyroclastic% !clavi- or clavo- combining form "ML clavi-, fr. L, fr. clavis key# 1 : key : keyboard $clavichord% $clavilux% "2 "NL clavi-, clavo-, fr. L clavi-# : clavicle : clavicular : clavicular and $clavipectoral% $clavodeltoid% "clavi- combining form "NL, fr. L, fr. clava$ perh. akin to L clavis# : club $Clavicornia% $claviform% claviculo- combining form "NL clavicula clavicle# : clavicular and $claviculohumeral% -cle n suffix -# "ME, fr. OF, fr. L -culus, -cula, -culum# : little one $denticle% $corpuscle% $funicle% & -cular adj suffix cleid- or cleido- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kleid-, kleido-, fr. kleid-, kleis key+ akin to L clavis key# "1 a : clavicle : clavicular $cleidagra% "b : clavicular and $cleidoscapular% "2 : key $cleidomancy% -cleisis or -clisis n combining form, pl -cleises or -clises "NL, fr. GK kl"isis, kleisis, fr. kleiein to close# : closure : occlusion $arthrocleisis% $enteroclisis% cleist- or cleisto- also clist- or clisto- combining form "G kleist-, kleisto-, fr. Gk kleistos$ akin to Gk kleis key# : closed $cleistocarp% $cleistogamy% clerico- combining form "LL clericus priest# : clerical : clerical and $clericopolitical% $clericofascist% clin- or clino- combining form "NL, fr. Gk klin-, klino-, fr. klin" couch+ akin to Gk klinein to lean# "1 : bed $clinium% $clinoid% 2 : lean : slant $clinochlore% $clinometer% "3 : decline $clinology% "4 clino- mineralogy : monoclinic -clinal adj or n combining form "ISV -clin- 'fr. Gk -klin"s leaning, fr. klinein to lean( + -al# "1 : sloping : slope $centroclinal% 2 : --&.+"'!# $matroclinal% -cline n combining form -# "back-formation fr. -clinal# "1 : slope $anticline% "2 : gradient : layer $thermocline% -clinic adj combining form "ISV -clin- 'fr. Gk -klin"s leaning, bending, fr. klinein to lean( + -ic# "1 : inclining : dipping $isoclinic% "2 : having 'a certain number of( oblique intersections of the axes $monoclinic% $triclinic% "3 : --&.+"'!# $matroclinic% clinico- combining form "clinical# : clinical : clinical and $clinicopathology% -clinism n combining form -# "ISV -clin- 'fr. NL -clinus( + -ism# : the state of having the androecium and gynoecium in a 'single or different( flower or 'two separate( flowers $diclinism% -clinium n combining form, pl -clinia "NL, fr. Gk klinion, dim. of klin" couch & more at &.+"-# bot : receptacle $anthoclinium% !-clinous adj combining form "prob. fr. NL -clinus, fr. Gk klin" couch & more at &.+"-# : having the androecium and gynoecium in a 'single or different( flower or 'two separate( flowers $diclinous% $heteroclinous% $monoclinous% "-clinous adj combining form "ISV -clin- 'fr. Gk -klin"s leaning, bending, fr. klinein to lean( + -ous# : inherited from : having characteristics inherited from $matroclinous% $patroclinous% -cliny n combining form -$# "ISV --clinous + -y# : fact or condition of having characteristics inherited from $matrocliny% -cnemia n combining form -# "NL, fr. F -cnémie, fr. Gk kn"m" shin + F -ie -y# : -shinnedness $platycnemia% -cnemic adj combining form "ISV -cnem- 'fr. Gk kn"m" shin( + -ic$ prob. orig. formed as F -cnémique# : -shinned $platycnemic% -cnemus n combining form "NL, modif. of Gk. kn"m" shin# : -legged one & in generic names of animals $Octacnemus% cnid- or cnido- combining form "NL, fr. cnida# : cnida $cnidosac% $cnidoglandular% $Cnidaria% 12 com- co- prefix "ME, fr. L, fr. com-$ akin to OE ge-, perfective, associative, and collective prefix, OHG gi-, ga-, Goth ga-, OIr com-, con- with, together, Alb k,-, Gk koinos common# "1 : with : together : joint : jointly : shared : mutual : mutually $coexist% $coinheritance% $cosustain% $cooperate% "2 : in or to the same degree $coextensive% $coeval% "3 a : fellow : partner $coauthor% $co-worker% "b : having a usu. lesser share in duty or responsibility : alternate : deputy $cochairman% $copilot% 4 a : operating together or reciprocally $coterm% "b : of the complement of an angle $cosine% $codeclination% cobalti- combining form "cobalt# : trivalent cobalt : cobaltic $cobaltinitrite% cobalto- combining form "cobalt# : bivalent cobalt : cobaltous $cobaltocyanic% cocc- or cocci- or cocco- combining form "NL, fr. coccus * L coccum kermes berry, both fr. Gk kokkos grain, seed, kermes berry# : grain : seed : berry : coccus $coccoid% $cocciform% $coccolith% coccidi- or coccidio- combining form "coccidium# : Coccidia $coccidiocide% $coccidiostasis% -coccus n combining form, pl -cocci "NL, fr. Gk kokkos# "1 : plant having berries, seeds, or cocci 'of a specified type( & usu. in generic names $Oxycoccus% $Pterococcus% "2 : berryshaped organism & esp. in generic names of algae and bacteria $Protococcus% $Micrococcus% $Streptococcus% $Staphylococcus% coccyg- or coccygo- combining form "NL, fr. coccyg-, coccyx# : coccyx $coccygectomy% $coccygotomy% coccygeo- combining form "NL, fr. coccygeus# : coccygeal and $coccygeoanal% $coccygeomesenteric% cocto- combining form "L coctus, past part. of coquere to cook# : boiled : modified by heat $coctoantigen% $coctoprotein% : at boiling point $coctostable% coel- or coelo- also cel- or celo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk koil-, koilo-, fr. koilos hollow# : hollow : cavity $coelodont% $coelozoic% -coele or -coel also -cele n combining form -# "prob. fr. NL -coela, fr. neut. pl. of -coelus -coelous# : cavity : chamber : ventricle $endocoele% $neurocoele% coeli- or coelio- also celi- or celio- combining form "Gk koili-, koilio-, fr. koilia cavity of the body, belly# : belly : abdomen $coelialgia% $coelioscopy% -coelous adj combining form "NL -coelus, fr. Gk -koilos hollow, concave, fr. koilos# "1 : cavitied $dendrocoelous% "2 : concave $procoelous% $opisthocoelous% coen- or coeno- also cen- or ceno- or caen- or caeno- combining form "NL, fr. Gk koin-, koino-, fr. koinos & more at &'-# : common : general $coenoblast% $coenesthesia% col- or coli- or colo- combining form "NL, fr. L colon# "1 : large intestine $colitis% $colostomy% "2 : colon bacillus $coliform% -cola n combining form -# "NL, fr. L# : inhabitant $Arenicola, Rupicola% -cole adj combining form "by alter. 'influenced by F -cole(# : -&'.'!# $saxicole% cole- or coleo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk koleo-, fr. koleon# : sheath : covering $coleitis% $Coleoptera% $coleorhiza% -coline adj combining form "NL -colinae, fr. -cola + -inae# : -&'.'!# $fluvicoline% coll- or collo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk koll-, kollo-, fr. kolla# 1 : glue $collenchyma% $Collocalia% "2 : colloid $collochemistry% -coll n combining form -# "ME -col 'in sarcocol(, fr. L -colla, fr. Gk -kolla, fr. kolla# : glue $glycocoll% $pyrocoll% collodio- combining form "collodion# : collodion $collodiotype% -colous adj combining form "L -cola inhabitant + E -ous$ akin to L colere to cultivate, inhabit# : living or growing in or on $arenicolous% $saxicolous% com- or col- or con- or cor- prefix "com- fr. ME, fr. OF, fr. L+ col- fr. ME, fr. L, fr. com-$ con- fr. ME, fr. OE 'in consolde comfrey(, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. com-$ cor- fr. ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. com- & more at &'-# : with : together : jointly & usu. combefore b $comburgess% and p $companion% or m $commin- -coma gle%, col- before l $collingual%, cor- before r $correlation%, and con- before other sounds $concyclic% -coma n combining form "NL, fr. Gk kom" hair# : one having 'such( hair & in generic names $Pycnocoma% comico- combining form "NL, fr. L comicus# : comic : comic and $comicotragedy% $comicodidactic% con- or cono- combining form "Gk k&n-, k&no-, fr. k&nos# : cone $conodont% $conoplain% $conoscope% conch- or concho- combining form "Gk konch-, koncho-, fr. konch"# "1 : shell $conchology% "2 : concha $conchitis% $conchotome% condyl- or condylo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kondyl-, kondylo-, fr. kondylos# : joint : knob : condyle $condyloid% $Condylopoda% !coni- combining form "L coni-, fr. conus# : cone $Conirostres% "coni- or conio- combining form "G * NL+ G koni- * NL coni-, conio-, fr. Gk koni- dust * MGk konio-, fr. Gk konia, konis# : dust $coniosis% : spores $Coniophora% conidi- or conidio- combining form "conidium# : conidia $conidiiferous% contra- prefix "ME, fr. L contra-, contra against# "1 : against : contrary : contrasting : in opposition $contra-acting% $contraindicative% $contratenor% "2 : pitched below normal bass $contrabassoon% $contraoctave% $contraposaune% coraco- combining form "NL, fr. coracoides coracoid# : coracoid and $coracocostal% corall- or coralli- or corallo- combining form "NL, fr. L corallium# : coral $coralliform% $coralloid% $Corallorhiza% -corax n combining form "NL, fr. Gk korax# : crow : raven $Phalacrocorax% corm- or cormo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk korm-, kormo- tree trunk, fr. kormos# : tree trunk : stem $Cormophyta% !-corn n combining form -# "L -cornis -horned, fr. cornu horn# : one having 'such or so many( horns $unicorn% "-corn adj combining form "L -cornis# : having 'such or so many( horns : horned corne- or corneo- combining form "F corné-, cornéo-, fr. corné corneous 'fr. L corneus(, cornée cornea 'fr. ML cornea(# "1 : corneous : corneous and $corneocalcareous% "2 : cornea $corneitis% : corneal and $corneosclerotic% corono- combining form "prob. fr. F, fr. coronal, adj.# anat : coronal and $coronobasilar% $coronofacial% cortico- combining form "L cortic-, cortex bark# "1 : cortex+ esp : cerebral cortex $corticoefferent% "2 : cortical and $corticospinal% cosm- or cosmo- combining form "ME 'in cosmographie cosmography(, fr. L cosm-, LL cosmo-, fr. Gk kosm-, kosmo-, fr. kosmos# : world : universe $cosmorama% $cosmogenesis% -cosm n combining form -# "ME -cosme, fr. MF, fr. ML -cosmus, fr. Gk kosmos# : world $microcosm% $loxocosm% cost- or costi- or costo- combining form "F, fr. L costa# : rib : costa $costectomy% $costiform% : costal and $costoradial% $costosternal% cotyl- or cotyli- or cotylo- combining form "Gk kotyl-, kotylo-, fr. kotyl"# : cup : organ or part like a cup $cotyloid% $cotyliform% $Cotylosauria% : acetabular and $cotylosacral% -cotyl n combining form -# "cotyledon# : cotyledon $dicotyl% $epicotyl% counter- prefix "ME countre-, fr. MF contre-, contre 'adv.(# "1 a : contrary : opposite : adverse $countercurrent% $counterorder% "b : opposing : retaliatory : answering $counterblow% $counterweapon% "2 : complementary : corresponding : alternate $counterweight% $counterpart% $countertheme% "3 : duplicate : substitute $counterfoil% -cracy or -ocracy n combining form -$# "MF * LL+ MF -cratie, fr. LL -cratia, fr. Gk -kratia, fr. kratos strength, power# "1 : form of government+ also : state having such a form $democracy% $mobocracy% $squirocracy% "2 : social or political class 'as of powerful persons( $plutocracy% $snobocracy% "3 : theory of government or of social organization $technocracy% crani- or cranio- combining form "cranium# : cranium $craniostosis% $craniometry% : cranial and $craniospinal% 13 cumul- -crania n combining form -# "NL, fr. ML cranium + L -ia -y# : -skulledness $platycrania% : condition of the skull or head $amphicrania% -crat or -ocrat n combining form -# "F -crate, back-formation fr. -cratie -cracy * -cratique -cratic# "1 : advocate or partisan of a theory of government $democrat% $physiocrat% $theocrat% 2 : member of a 'specified( dominant class $bureaucrat% $plutocrat% "3 : member or supporter of a political party or faction $Dixiecrat% & -cratic adj combining form cre- or creo- also kreo- combining form "G kreo-, fr. Gk kre-, kreo-, fr. kreas# : flesh $creodont% $creophagous% $kreotoxism% creat- or creato- combining form "fr. créat-, fr. Gk kreas# : flesh $creatine% $creatophagous% cren- or creno- combining form "Gk kr"n-, kr"no-, fr. kr"n" spring+ perh. akin to OE h-rn, hr-n sea, ON hr%nn wave# "1 : spring : mineral spring $crenic% $crenotherapy% "2 : crenic acid $crenite% crico- combining form "NL, fr. cricoides cricoid# : cricoid $cricotomy% : cricoid and $cricothyroid% crini- combining form "L, fr. crinis# : hair $criniculture% $criniparous% -crinus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk krinon lily# : a crinoid & in generic names of Crinoidea $Actinocrinus% $Pentacrinus% cross- or crosso- combining form "NL, fr. Gk krossoi tassels, fringe+ akin to OE oferhr"gan to tower above, MHG ragen to tower up, stick up, MD raghen, Gk krossai coping of a parapet, OIr crích end, furrow, Russ krokva pole, rafter+ basic meaning: jutting out, sticking up# : fringe $Crossaster% $crossopterygian% $Crossosoma% -crotic adj combining form "NL -crotus 'fr. Gk -krotos, fr. krotos beat, clapping( + E -ic$ akin to Gk krotein to clap# : having 'such( a heartbeat or pulse $polycrotic% -crotism n combining form -# "-crotic + -ism# : condition of having 'such( a heartbeat $dicrotism% cruro- combining form "NL, fr. L crur-, crus leg# : crural and $cruroinguinal, crurotarsal% cry- or cryo- also kryo- combining form "G kryo-, fr. Gk, fr. kryos icy cold# : cold : freezing $cryanesthesia% $cryogen% $kryokonite% crym- or crymo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk krym-, krymo-, fr. krymos icy cold# : cold : frost $crymodynia% $crymotherapy% crypt- or crypto- also krypt- or krypto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kryptos# "1 : hidden : covered $cryptobranch% $cryptoporticus% "2 : invisible : latent $cryptocrystalline% $cryptomere% "3 : occult $cryptesthesia% "4 : secret : private $cryptogram% $cryptonym% "5 : hidden by dissembling : unavowed $cryptofascist% $cryptorationalism% crystall- or crystallo- combining form "Gk krystal-, krystallo-, fr. krystallos ice, crystal# : crystal $crystalliferous% $crystalluria% $crystallogenic% cten- or cteno- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kten-, kteno-, fr. kten-, kteis# : comb $ctenacanthus% $ctenophore% -ctonus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk ktonos murder+ akin to Gk kteinein to slay, Skt k&a'oti he wounds, injures, OPer a-(shata unhurt# : killer & in generic names esp. of insects $Dendroctonus% cub- or cubi- or cubo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kyb-, kybo-, fr. kybos# "1 a : cube $cuboctahedron% $cubiform% $cubomancy% "b : of the third algebraic degree $cubinvariant% $cubocubic% "2 cubo- : cuboid and $cubometatarsal% cubito- combining form "F, fr. L cubitus elbow# : cubital and $cubitocarpal% culic- or culici- combining form "NL, fr. L culic-, culex# : gnat : mosquito $Culicidae% $culicifuge% culmi- combining form "L culmus# : stalk : culm $culmicolous% $culmiferous% $culmigenous% cum- or cumo- combining form "cumin# : cumic : cumin $cumaldehyde% $cumoquinol% cumul- or cumuli- or cumulo- combining form "NL, fr. L cumulus heap, mass# "1 : cumulus and $cumulocirrus% "2 : cumulus $cumulous% "3 : heap : mass $cumulose% cuneocuneo- combining form "NL, fr. L cuneus wedge# : cuneiform and $cuneocuboid% cupr- or cupro- combining form "LL cupr-, fr. cuprum# "1 a : copper $cuprite% "b : copper and $cupronickel% "2 cupro: containing univalent copper : cuprous $cuprocyanide% cupri- combining form "cupr- + -i-# "1 : copper $cupriferous% "2 "ISV, fr. cupric# : containing bivalent copper : cupric $cupritartrate% curvi- combining form "MF or LL+ MF, fr. LL, fr. L curvus# : curved+ bent $curviform% $curvifoliate% $curvirostral% cutaneo- combining form "F cutanéo-, fr. cutané cutaneous, fr. NL cutaneus# : skin and $cutaneovisceral% -cy n suffix -$# "ME -cie, fr. OF, fr. LL -cia, fr. L -tia, partly fr. L -t- 'as final stem consonant( + -ia -y, partly fr. Gk -teia, -tia, fr. -t- 'as final stem consonant( + -eia, -ia -y# : act : action : practice : function $piracy% $prophecy% : rank : office $baronetcy% $chaplaincy% $generalcy% : body : class $aristocracy% : state : quality $accuracy% $bankruptcy% $normalcy% & orig. and still often replacing a final -t or -te of the base noun or adjective cyan- or cyano- combining form "G cyan-, zyan-, fr. Gk kyan-, kyano-, fr. kyanos dark blue enamel, lapis lazuli# "1 : dark blue : blue $cyanotype% $cyanosis% "2 a : cyanogen $cyanamide% $cyanophoric% "b now usu cyano- : containing cyanogen in place of hydrogen & in names of organic compounds $cyanobenzoic acid% "c now usu cyano- : containing cyanogen regarded as replacing hydroxyl or oxygen or as coordinated to a central atom & in names of inorganic acids and salts $cyanoauric acid% $cyanoferrate% "3 : cyanide $cyanogenetic% -cyan n combining form -# "Gk kyanos# : blue pigment $algocyan% $leucocyan% cyath- or cyatho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kyath-, kyatho-, fr. kyathos# : cup : cup-shaped $Cyathaspis% $cyatholith% cyber- combining form "cybernetic# : computer : computer network $cyberspace% cycl- or cyclo- combining form "NL cyclo-, fr. Gk kykl-, kyklo-, fr. kyklos circle, wheel# "1 : circle : ring $cyclometer% $cyclotron% "2 : cycle $cyclographer% "3 : cyclic compound $cycloheptane% $cycloolefin% "4 : ciliary body 'of the eye( $cyclodialysis% $cyclitis% cylindr- or cylindro- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kylindr-, kylindro-, fr. kylindros# : cylindrical : cylindrical and $cylindrarthrosis% $cylindrocephalic% cym- or cymo- also kym- or kymo- combining form "F cym-, cymo-, fr. Gk kym-, kymo-, fr. kyma# "1 : wave $cymoscope% "2 : cyme : cluster $cymoid% cyn- or cyno- combining form "ME cyno-, fr. L, fr. Gk kyn-, kyno-, fr. kyn-, ky&n dog# : dog $cyniatrics% cypro- combining form, usu cap "Gk Kypro-, fr. Kypros Cyprus# : Cyprian and $Cypro-Phoenician% cyrt- or cyrto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kyrt-, kyrto-, fr. kyrtos bulging, convex+ akin to L curvus curved# : bent : curved $cyrtopia% $cyrtostyle% : something curved $cyrtometer% cyst- or cysti- or cysto- combining form "F, fr. Gk kyst-, kysto-, fr. kystis bladder, pouch# "1 a : gall bladder $cystocolostomy% b : urinary bladder $cystitis% $cystotomy% "2 : sac : pouch : cyst $cystenchyma% $cystiform% $cystophore% -cyst n combining form -# "NL -cyste, -cystis, fr. Gk kystis# : bladder $cholecyst% -cystis n combining form, pl -cystides "NL, fr. Gk kystis# : one having 'such( a bladder or pouch & esp. in generic names $Macrocystis% cyt- or cyto- combining form "G zyt-, zyto-, fr. Gk kyto-, fr. kytos hollow vessel# "1 : cell $cytase% $cytoplasm% "2 : cytoplasm $cytode% $cytosome% -cyte n combining form -# "NL -cyta, fr. Gk kytos hollow vessel# : cell $leukocyte% $pericyte% -&d vb suffix or adj suffix "by contr.# : ,-$- & now esp. in forms derived from words ending in a vowel $a mascara)d eyelash% daco- combining form, usu cap "ISV, fr. Dacia# : Dacian and $Daco-Romanian% dacry- or dacryo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk dakry-, dakryo-, 14 demi- fr. dakry, dakryon tear# : of a tear or tears : lacrimal $dacryoma% $dacryocystitis% dactyl- or dactylo- combining form "Gk daktyl-, daktylo-, fr. daktylos# : finger : toe : digit $dactylitis% $dactylology% -dactylia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk daktylos + NL -ia -y# : condition of having 'such or so many( digits $hexadactylia% $sclerodactylia% dactylio- combining form "prob. fr. F, fr. Gk daktylio-, fr. daktylios, fr. daktylos finger# "1 : finger ring $dactyliology% "2 : gem $dactyliography% -dactylism n combining form -# "ISV, fr. Gk daktylos finger, toe + ISV -ism# : --%&*1.+% -dactylous adj combining form "Gk -daktylos, fr. daktylos finger, toe# : having 'such or so many( fingers or toes $isodactylous% $monodactylous% -dactyly n combining form -$# "NL -dactylia & more at --%&*1.+%# : --%&*1.+% dano- combining form, cap "ISV Dan- 'fr. LL Dani Danes( + -o-# : Danish and $Dano-Eskimo% dasy- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. dasys# "1 : thick with hair or leaves : shaggy : woolly $dasyphyllous% "2 : density $dasymeter% de- prefix "ME, fr. OF de-, des-, partly fr. L de- from, down, away 'fr. de( and partly fr. L dis-$ L de akin to OIr di from, Gk d" now, then, OE t& to & more at -+#-# "1 a : do the opposite of : reverse 'a specified action( $decentralize% $decode% b : reverse of $decalescence% "2 : remove 'a specified thing or things( from $dehorn% $delouse% : remove from 'a specified thing( $dethrone% "3 : reduce : make lower $derate% "4 "L# : something derived or compounded from 'a specified thing( $decompound, n.% : derived or compounded from something 'of a specified nature( $decompound, adj.% & often in grammatical terms 'nouns or adjectives( ending in -al or -ative $deadjectival% $deverbative% "5 : get off of 'a specified thing( $debus% $detrain% "6 : having a molecule characterized by the removal of one or more atoms of 'a specified element( & in combining forms occurring in names of chemical compounds $dehydro-% $deoxy-% "7 : cause to cease to 'perform a specified action( $de-emanate% deca- or dec- or deka- or dek- combining form "ME, fr. L, fr. Gk deka-, dek-, fr. deka ten# "1 : ten $decagon% "2 "F déca-, déc-, fr. L deca-, dec-# : ten times 'a specified unit of measure( $decaliter% $decare% & used in terms belonging to the metric system decem- combining form "MF or L+ MF, fr. L, fr. decem ten# : ten $decemcostate% deci- combining form "F déci-, fr. L decimus tenth, fr. decem ten# : tenth part 'of a specified unit of measure( $decigram% & chiefly in terms belonging to the metric system -dectes n combining form "NL, fr. Gk d"kt"s, fr. daknein to bite# : biter & in generic names of animals $Mixodectes% dehydr- or dehydro- combining form "ISV, fr. de- + hydr-# "1 : dehydrated $dehydromucic acid C.H#O'COOH(#% "2 : dehydrogenated $dehydroabietic acid C+/H#-COOH% -delphis n combining form "NL, fr. Gk delphis# : dolphin & in generic names $Cyrtodelphis% dem- or demo- combining form "dem- fr. L, fr. Gk d"m-, d"mo-, fr. d"mos deme, populace+ demo- fr. MF, fr. LL, fr. Gk d"m-, d"mo-$ akin to OIr d+m retinue, company, Skt dayate he apportions# : people : populace : population $demography% $demoid% -dema n combining form "NL, fr. Gk demas body, bodily build+ akin to Gk demein to build# : one having 'such( a body & in generic names of insects $Dasydema% demi- prefix "ME, fr. demi, fr. MF, fr. LL demedius, alter. 'influenced by L medius( of L dimidius, prob. back-formation fr. dimidiare to halve# : half: as "a : of less than full size $demicannon% $demipike% : shortened $demirobe% & compare #$0+- "b heraldry : having only one half depicted, usu. the upper or foremost half but sometimes the dexter or the sinister half $demiangel% $demilion% "c : half in quantity or value $demibarrel% $demigroat% "d : inferior in quality $demiluster% dendre : one that partly belongs to 'a specified type or class( $demibeast% $demideity% $demilawyer% "f : partial : incomplete $deminudity% $demitoilet% dendr- or dendro- combining form "NL dendr-, fr. Gk dendr-, dendro- tree, fr. dendron$ akin to Gk drys tree# : tree $dendrophilous% : resembling a tree $dendraxon% -dendron n combining form, pl -dendrons also -dendra "L, fr. Gk, fr. dendron & more at -$"-)-# "1 : tree & esp. in generic names of plants $Liriodendron% $Trochodendron% "2 : treelike formation $neurodendron% "3 : stem : part of a stem $Schizodendron% dent- or denti- or dento- combining form "ME denti-, fr. L dent-, denti-, fr. dent-, dens# "1 : tooth : teeth $dentalgia% $dentiform% 2 : dental and $dentilingual% $dentosurgical% -dentate adj combining form "NL -dentatus, fr. L dentatus# : having 'such or so many( toothlike projections : -toothed $multidentate% $quadridentate% deoxy- or desoxy- combining form "ISV, fr. de- or des- + oxy-# : containing less oxygen in the molecule than the compound to which it is closely related+ esp : derivable from another compound by the removal of one oxygen atom $deoxynucleotide% $desoxybenzoin C+.H+#O% der- or dero- combining form "NL, fr. Gk der-, fr. der", deir"$ akin to OSlav griva mane, Skt gr'v+ neck, L vorare to devour# : neck : throat $deradenitis% $Derotremata% derm- or derma- or dermo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk derm-, dermo-, fr. derma, fr. derein to skin# "1 : skin $dermalgia% $dermahemia% $dermoskeleton% "2 : dermal and $dermohumeral% -derm n combining form -# "prob. fr. F -derme, fr. Gk derma# : skin : covering : integument $blastoderm% -derma n combining form, pl -dermas or -dermata "NL, fr. Gk dermat-, derma# "1 : skin : covering : integument $sarcoderma% "2 : skin or skin ailment of a 'specified( type $scleroderma% "3 : one having a 'specified( type of skin & in generic names $Heloderma% dermat- or dermato- combining form "Gk, fr. dermat-, derma# : skin : hide $dermatodynia% $dermatology% -dermata n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk dermat-, derma# : ones having a 'specified( type of skin & in names of taxonomic categories of animals larger than a genus $Sclerodermata% -dermatous adj combining form "NL -dermata + E -ous# : having a 'specified( type of skin $sclerodermatous% -dermia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk derma skin + NL -ia & more at -$)0-# : skin or skin ailment of a 'specified( type $pachydermia% -dermis n combining form -$# "LL, fr. Gk, fr. derma skin# : layer of skin or tissue $endodermis% des- prefix "F dés-, fr. OF des- & more at -$-# "1 : -$- 1 & esp. before vowels $desamidate% "2 : -$- 6 & esp. before vowels $desiodo-% $desoxy-% -desis n combining form, pl -deses "NL, fr. Gk desis, fr. dein to bind + -sis# : binding $arthrodesis% desm- or desmo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, band, bond, fr. desmos, fr. dein to bind# : bond : ligament $desmalgia% $desmography% deut- or deuto- combining form "ISV, short for deuter-# "1 : second in a regular series of chemical compounds $deutoxide% "2 : second $deutomala% : secondary $deutoplasm% & esp. in biological terms !deuter- or deutero- combining form "alter. 'influenced by LL deutero-( of earlier deutro-, fr. ME, modif. of LL deutero-, fr. Gk deuter-, deutero-, fr. deuteros second+ prob. akin to L dudum formerly, Gk dein to lack, miss, Gk 'Homeric( deuesthai to be in need of, Skt d!ra far# "1 : second : secondary $deuteragonist% $deuteroplasm% "2 : belonging to any of various classes of chemical substances regarded as secondary products of decomposition $deuteroporphyrin% $deuteroproteose% "deuter- or deutero- combining form "ISV fr. deuterium# : -$!*$)+- $deuteride% $deuterochloroform% 15 diss- deuteri- or deuterio- combining form "ISV, fr. deuterium# : deuterium : containing deuterium & in names of chemical compounds $deuterioammonia% dextr- or dextro- combining form "LL, fr. L dextr-, dexter# "1 : right $dextrad% : on or toward the right $dextrorotatory% "2 : dextral and $dextrosinistral% di- combining form "ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. Gk+ akin to OE twi& more at *,+-# "1 : twice : twofold : double $dichromatic% 2 : containing two atoms, radicals, or groups 'of a specified kind( $dichloride% "3 : being a Greek coin or unit of value worth two specified units $distater% $didrachma% dia- also di- prefix "ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. dia$ akin to L dis- & more at -+#-# "1 : through : during $diachronic% : across $diactinic% "2 : made of : consisting of & in names of compounded medicines $diacodion% diabol- or diabolo- combining form "ME deabol-, fr. MF diabol-, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. diabolos# : devil $diabolism% $diabolocracy% dialy- combining form "NL, fr. Gk dialyein to separate# : separated $dialycarpic% $dialypetalous% diaphan- or diaphano- combining form "ME diaphan-, fr. MF, fr. diaphane# : transparent $diaphanoscopy% : transparency $diaphanometer% -diastasis n combining form, pl -diastases "NL, fr. Gk diastasis separation# "1 : disintegration $myelodiastasis% "2 : displacement $adenodiastasis% dich- or dicho- combining form "LL dicho-, fr. Gk dich-, dicho-, fr. dicha$ akin to Gk di- & more at -+-# : in two : apart : asunder $dichoptic% $dichogamy% dicty- or dictyo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk dikty-, diktyo-, fr. diktyon, fr. dikein to throw# : net $dictyosome% -diene n suffix -# "ISV, fr. di- + -ene# : chemical compound containing two double bonds $hexadiene% digiti- combining form "F, fr. L digitus finger, toe# "1 : digit : finger or toe $digitigrade% "2 : finger $digitiform% "3 : digitately $digitipinnate% din- or dino- also dein- or deino- combining form "NL, fr. Gk dein-, deino-, fr. deinos# : terrible : mighty $Deinodon% $Deinotherium% $Dinornis% $dinosaur% dino- combining form "NL, fr. Gk dinos rotation, whirling, whirlpool+ perh. akin to OIr d'an rapid, Skt d'yati he soars# "1 : whirling $Dinobryon% "2 : whirlpool : eddy $Dinocapsales% $Dinophilus% dioecio- combining form "dioecious# : dioeciously $dioeciodimorphous% $dioeciopolygamous% diphy- or diphyo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk diphy-, fr. diphy"s, fr. di- + -phy"s 'fr. phyein to bring forth, produce(# : twofold : double : bipartite $diphyodont% $diphyozooid% dipl- or diplo- combining form "Gk, fr. diploos# "1 : double : twofold $diplococcus% $diplopia% "2 : diploid $diplosome% dipter- or diptero- combining form "NL, fr. Gk dipteros# "1 : two-winged : dipterous $dipteral% "2 : Diptera $dipterology% !dis- prefix "ME dis-, des-, fr. OF * L+ OF des-, dis-, fr. L dis-, lit., apart, to pieces+ akin to OE te- apart, to pieces, OHG zi-, ze-, Goth dis- apart, Gk dia through, Alb tsh- apart, L duo two# "1 a : do the opposite of : reverse 'a specified action( $disjoin% $disestablish% $disown% $disqualify% "b : deprive of 'a specified character, quality, or rank( $disable% $disprince% : deprive of 'a specified object( $disfrock% "c : exclude or expel from $disbar% $discastle% "2 : opposite of : contrary of : absence of $disunion% $disaffection% "3 : not $dishonest% $disloyal% "4 : completely $disannul% "5 "by folk etymology# : -1#- $disfunction% $distrophy% "dis- prefix "MF, fr. ML, alter. 'influenced by Gk dis- twice, double, fr. dis twice( of L di-, fr. Gk & more at *,+-# "1 : -+- 1 2 : -+- 2 $disazo% disc- or disci- or disco- combining form "L disc-, disco-, * ML disci-, fr. Gk disk-, disko-, fr. diskos quoit# "1 : disk $Discina% $discigerous% $discomycete% "2 : phonograph record : recording $discography% $discophile% -discus n combining form "NL, fr. L discus# : organism with a 'specified( form of disk & in generic names $Cephalodiscus% diss- or disso- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. dissos, dittos$ distakin to Gk dyo two# : double $dissoconch% $dissophyte% dist- or disto- or disti- combining form "distant# : distal $distoclusion% & opposed to proximodiversi- combining form "ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. diversus# : different : diverse : diversely $diversiform% $diversifoliate% dodeca- or dodec- combining form "L dodeca-, fr. Gk d&deka-, d&dek-, fr. d&deka, dy&deka, fr. dy&, dyo two + deka ten# : twelve $dodecahedron% $dodecyl% dolich- or dolicho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. dolichos# "1 : long $dolichocephalic% "2 : narrow $dolichohieric% -dom n suffix -# "ME, fr. OE -d&m$ akin to OS -d&m -dom, OHG -tuom, ON -d&mr$ all fr. a prehistoric Gmc noun represented by OE d&m judgment# "1 a : dignity : office $dukedom% "b : realm : jurisdiction $kingdom% $Christendom% "c : geographical area $Anglo-Saxondom% "2 : state, condition, or fact of being $freedom% $martyrdom% "3 : those having a 'specified( office, occupation, interest, or character $officialdom% $dogdom% $stampdom% dors- or dorsi- or dorso- combining form "LL dors- back, fr. L dorsum# "1 : back $dorsad% : dorsal $dorsiflexion% : dorsally $dorsifixed% "2 : dorsal and $dorsolateral% dory- combining form "NL, fr. Gk dory# : spear $Doryanthes% drom- or dromo- combining form "Gk, fr. dromos# "1 : course : racecourse : running $Dromornis% "2 : speed $dromometer% !-drome n combining form -# "MF, fr. L -dromos, fr. Gk dromos$ akin to Gk dramein to run# "1 : racecourse $motordrome% "2 : large specially prepared place $aerodrome% $picturedrome% "-drome adj combining form "Gk -dromos, fr. dromos course, racecourse, act of running# : running $homodrome% -dromous adj combining form "NL -dromus, fr. Gk -dromos & more at --)'0$# : running $catadromous% dry- or dryo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. drys tree, oak# : tree & in generic names $Dryopithecus% duo- combining form "L duo# : two $duosecant% $duomachy% duoden- or duodeno- combining form "NL, fr. ML duodenum# "1 : duodenum $duodenitis% $duodenogram% "2 : duodenal and $duodenojejunal% duplicato- combining form "prob. fr. NL, fr. L duplicatus duplicate# : doubly $duplicato-dentate% dvi- combining form "Skt dvi- two & more at *,+-# : standing or assumed to stand in the second place beyond 'a specified element( in the same family of the periodic table & in names of chemical elements esp. when not yet discovered $dvi-manganese 'now called rhenium(%+ compare $7%dy- or dyo- combining form "LL dy- * G dyo-, fr. Gk dy-, dyo-, fr. dyo# : two $dyarchy% $dyaster% $dyotheism% -dymia n combining form -# "NL, fr. -dymus + -ia# : condition of being a pair of twin terata joined at 'a specified body part( $cephalodymia% -dymus n combining form -$# "NL, irreg. fr. Gk didymos twin, fr. dyo two# : pair of twin terata joined at 'a specified body part( $sternodymus% dynam- or dynamo- combining form "prob. fr. F, fr. Gk, fr. dynamis# : power $dynamism% $dynamograph% -dynamia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk, fr. dynamis + -ia -y# : strength : condition of having 'such( strength $adynamia% $myodynamia% -dynamous adj combining form "prob. fr. NL -dynamus, fr. Gk -dynamos having 'such( power, fr. dynamis power# bot : having developing power of a 'specified( type $androdynamous% dys- prefix "alter. 'influenced by L * Gk dys-( of ME dis-, fr. MF * L+ MF dis-, fr. L dys-, fr. Gk+ akin to OE t&-, te- apart, to pieces, OHG zi-, zir- apart, to pieces, ON tor- difficult, Goth tuz'in tuzwerjan to doubt(, Skt dus- difficult, bad# "1 a : abnormal : diseased $dyshidrosis% $dysplasia% "b : difficult : with difficulty $dysoxidize% : poorly $dyscrystalline% & sometimes opposed to eu- "c : faulty : impaired $dysfunction% $dyspepsia% "d : bad : unfavorable $dyspathy% $dysphemism% & sometimes opposed to eu- "2 : absence or reverse of $dysteleology% -dytes also -dyta n combining form "NL, fr. Gk dyt"s, fr. dyein to enter, dive in, sink# : diver & in generic names chiefly of birds $Aptenodytes% 16 -ed e- prefix "ME, not, out, forth, away, fr. OF * L+ OF, out, forth, away, fr. L, fr. ex- & more at $6-# "1 a : not $ecarinate% $erostrate% "b : missing : absent $Ecardines% $edental% "2 : out : on the outside $escribe% "3 : thoroughly $evaporize% "4 : forth $eradiate% "5 : away $eluvium% -eae n pl suffix "NL, fr. L 'fem. pl. of -eus -eous(# : those belonging to 'such a group( & in biological taxonomic names of groups 'as tribes( larger than the genus $Diatomeae% $Florideae% $Uredineae% !ec- prefix "ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. Gk ek, fr. ex & more at $6-# : out of : outside of : outside $eccyesis% "ec- or eco- also oec- or oeco- or oiko- combining form "earlier also yco-, fr. MF * LL+ MF yco-, fr. LL oeco-, oiko-, fr. Gk oik-, oiko-, fr. oikos house, habitation# "1 a : household $economy% "b : economic and $eco-cultural% "2 : habitat or environment esp. as a factor significantly influencing the mode of life or the course of development $ecospecies% $ecosystem% $ecad% "3 ec- or eco- : ecological or environmental $ecocatastrophe% ecclesi- or ecclesio- combining form "ME ecclesi-, fr. LL, fr. ecclesia church, fr. L, assembly of citizens of a Greek state, fr. Gk ekkl"sia church, assembly of citizens of a Greek state, fr. ekkalein to call forth, summon, fr. ek out of, out 'fr. ex( + kalein to call & more at $6-# : church $ecclesiarch% $ecclesiography% echin- or echino- combining form "L echin- prickle, fr. echinus sea urchin, fr. Gk echinos hedgehog, sea urchin# "1 : prickle : prickly $Echinocactus% "2 a : sea urchin $echinal% $echinochrome% "b : echinoderm $echinology% ect- or ecto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk ekto- outside, fr. ektos, fr. ex out of, out & more at $6-# "1 : outside : external $ectostosis% $ectoplasm% & compare $"--, $6'- "2 : out of place $ectocardia% -ectome n combining form -# "NL -ectomus, fr. -ectomia, after NL -tomia -tomy: -tomus -tome# : instrument used in surgical removal of 'a specified organ or part( $neurectome% $tonsillectome% -ectomy n combining form -$# "NL -ectomia, fr. ec- + -tomia -tomy# : cutting out : surgical removal $gastrectomy% ectro- combining form "NL, fr. Gk ektr&sis miscarriage, fr. ektitr&skein to miscarry, fr. ek out of, out 'fr. ex( + titr&skein to wound, damage+ akin to Gk tribein to rub & more at $6-# : congenitally absent & in teratological terms chiefly indicating absence of a particular limb or part $ectrodactylism% !-ed vb suffix or adj suffix "ME, fr. OE -ed, -od, -ad, fr. -e-, -o-, -a- 'thematic vowels of various classes of weak verbs( + -d, past part. ending of weak verbs+ akin to OHG -t, past part. ending of weak verbs, ON -thr, Goth -ths, L -tus, past part. ending, Gk -tos, suffix forming verbal adjectives, Skt -ta, past part. ending# "1 & used to form the past participle of regular weak verbs $ended% $followed% $dressed%+ regularly accompanied by coalescence with final e of the base word $faded%, change of final postconsonantal y of the base word to i $tried%, or doubling of the final consonant of the base word immediately after a short stressed vowel $patted% "2 & used to form adjectives of identical or nearly identical meaning from Latin-derived adjectives ending in -ate $crenulated% $pinnated% "3 a : having : provided or furnished with : characterized by & in adjectives formed from nouns $balconied% $cultured% $moneyed% $winged% or from combinations having a noun as final constituent $two-legged% $deep-chested% $three-storied% "b : having the characteristics of & in adjectives formed from nouns $bigoted% $dogged% "-ed vb suffix "ME -ede, -de, fr. OE -de, -ede, -ode, -ade, past ending '1st pers. sing. indic.( of weak verbs, fr. -e-, -o-, -a'thematic vowels of various classes of weak verbs( + -de, past ending '1st pers. sing. indic.( of weak verbs+ akin to OHG -ta, past ending '1st pers. sing. indic.( of weak verbs, ON -tha, Goth -da, and prob. to OE -d, past part. ending of weak verbs# & used to form the past tense of regular weak verbs+ regularly accompanied by coalescence with final e of the base word $judged%, change of final postconsonantal y of the base -ee word to i $denied%, or doubling of the final consonant of the base word immediately after a short stressed vowel $dropped% !-ee n suffix -# "ME -e, fr. MF -é, fr. OF, fr. -é, past part. ending of some verbs, fr. L -atus, past part. ending of 1st conj. verbs & more at .-ate# "1 : animate and usu. human undergoer, recipient, or beneficiary of 'a specified action( $appointee% $draftee% $grantee% $trainee% $trustee% "2 : person furnished with 'a specified thing( $patentee% "3 : person that performs 'a specified action( $escapee% $standee% "-ee n suffix -# "prob. alter. of -ie# "1 : one associated with $bargee% $goalee% $townee% "2 : a particular esp. small kind of $bootee% $coatee% "3 : one resembling or suggestive of $goatee% !-een n suffix -# "prob. partly fr. the -een of ratteen and partly alter. of the -ine of armozine, bombazine# : inferior fabric resembling 'a specified fabric( : imitation $sateen% $velveteen% "-een n suffix -# "IrGael -'n# chiefly Irish : small one : dear one : petty or contemptible one & in diminutive nouns $birdeen% $buckeen% $squireen% -eer n suffix -# "MF -ier, fr. L -arius & more at ,-ary# "1 : one that deals in, is concerned with professionally, manages, conducts, or produces $auctioneer% $pamphleteer% & often in words with derogatory meaning or connotation $profiteer% "2 : contemptible one $patrioteer% egypto- combining form, cap "prob. fr. F égypto-, fr. Gk aigypto-, fr. Aigyptos Egypt# "1 : Egypt $Egyptology% "2 : Egyptian and $Egypto-Arabic% $Egypto-Greek% eicosa- or eicos- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk eikosa-, eikostwenty, fr. eikosi# : containing 20 atoms 'as of carbon( $eicosane% eid- or eido- combining form "Gk, form, fr. eidos# : image : figure $eidoptometry% -ein or -eine n suffix -# "ISV, alter. of -in, -ine# : a compound distinguished from a compound with a name ending in -in or -ine & usu. -eine in names of bases and -ein in names of nonbases $nicoteine% $phthalein% eka- combining form "Skt eka one# : standing or assumed to stand next in order beyond 'a specified element( in the same family of the periodic table & in names of chemical elements esp. when not yet discovered $ekacesium 'now called francium(%+ compare -8+-el n suffix -# "ME, fr. OF -el, -ele, fr. L -ellus, -ella, -ellum# : small one $cormel% elaio- or elaeo- or eleo- combining form "G el.o- * NL elaeo-, fr. Gk elaio- olive oil, oil, fr. elaion, fr. elaia olive# : oil $elaioplast% $elaeoblast% $eleocyte% elasm- or elasmo- combining form "F élasm- * NL elasmo-, fr. Gk elasmos metal plate+ akin to Gk elaunein to drive# : plate $Elasmobranchii% elast- or elasto- combining form "NL elast-, fr. LGk elastos ductile# "1 : elasticity $elastin% "2 : elastic and $elastoviscous% electr- or electro- combining form "NL electr-, fr. L electrum amber# "1 a : electricity $electrometer% "b : electric $electrize% $electromagnet% : electric and $electromedical% : electrically $electropositive% "2 : electrolytic $electroanalysis% "3 : electromagnetic $electrochronograph% "4 : electron $electrophilic% eleuther- or eleuthero- combining form "Gk, free, fr. eleutheros# 1 : freedom $eleutheromania% "2 : free $Eleutherozoa% -ella n suffix, pl -ellae or -ellas "L & more at -$.# "1 : little one resembling & often in generic names $Capsella% "2 : little one $squamella% "3 : little one belonging to $Moluccella% elongato- combining form "elongate + -o-# : elongated and $elongato-ovate% elytr- or elytri- or elytro- combining form "prob. fr. NL, fr. elytron# : elytron $elytroid% $elytriferous% embol- or emboli- or embolo- combining form "NL embol-, fr. ML 'in embolismus intercalation(# "1 : embolus $embolectomy% $emboliform% "2 : wedge $Embolomeri% embry- or embryo- combining form "LL, fr. Gk, fr. embryon# : embryo $embryectomy% $embryology% 17 -encephalous embryon- or embryoni- combining form "ML embryon-, embryo# : embryo $embryonic% $embryoniform% -eme n suffix -# "F -ème thing, unit 'in phonème speech sound(, fr. Gk -"mat-, -"ma 'in ph&n"mat-, ph&n"ma utterance(, fr. -"'stem vowel of ph&nein to sound( + -mat-, -ma 'noun suffix( & more at -0$"*# : significantly distinctive unit of structure of a 'specified( kind in a language or dialect $morpheme% $toneme% & compare %..'-emia or -aemia also -hemia or -haemia n combining form -# "NL -emia, -aemia, fr. Gk -aimia, fr. haima blood + -ia -y & more at ($0-# "1 : condition of having 'such( blood $leukemia% $septicemia% "2 : condition of having 'a specified thing( in the blood $cholemia% $uremia% empirio- also empirico- combining form "empirio- fr. G, fr. Gk empeiria experience 'fr. empeiros experienced + -ia -y( + G -o-$ empirico- fr. empiric, adj. + -o-# "1 : experience : experiment $empiriogenic% $empiriosymbolist% "2 : empirical and $empiricoinductive% !en- also em- prefix "ME, fr. OF, fr. L in-, im-, fr. in# "1 : put into $encradle% : put on to $enthrone% : cover or surround with $enverdure% : go into or on to $embus% & in verbs formed from nouns "2 : cause to be $englad% $enslave% & sometimes in verbs that also have the suffix -en $embolden%+ in verbs formed from adjectives or nouns "3 : provide with $encollar% $empower% & in verbs formed from nouns "4 : so as to cover or surround $enwrap% : thoroughly $entangle% & often in verbs differing little or not at all in meaning from the corresponding verb without prefix $entame%+ in verbs formed from verbs+ in all senses usu. em- before b, m, or p and en- in other circumstances "en- also em- prefix "ME, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. en in# : in : within : inside $endermic% $engram% $enzootic% & usu. em- before b, m, or p $embatholithic% and en- in other circumstances $en- combining form "ISV, fr. -ene# : chemically unsaturated+ esp : having one double bond $enamine% !-en also -n adj suffix "ME, fr. OE+ akin to OHG -'n made of, ON -inn, Goth -eins made of, of or belonging to, L -inus 'with long '( of or belonging to, Gk -inos made of, of or belonging to, Skt -'na of or belonging to# : made of : consisting of $earthen% $woolen% & now relatively infrequent because of the widespread attributive use of nouns or of adjectives formed from nouns without the addition of a suffix 'as in gold cup, wheat cake( and to be found chiefly in adjectives which are obsolete $tinnen% or archaic $oaken% or in which a sense other than the literal one has become prominent $golden% $wooden%+ usu. -n after -er $silvern% "-en vb suffix -$-5-+"/5-# "ME -nen, fr. OE -nian 'as in f-stnian to fasten(+ akin to OS -n&n, final segment of certain transitive infinitives 'as in fastn&n to fasten(, OHG -in&n 'as in festin&n to fasten(, ON -na 'as in fastna to pledge, betroth(# "1 a : cause to be $sharpen% & sometimes in verbs that also have the prefix en- $embolden%+ in transitive verbs formed from adjectives b : cause to have $lengthen% & in transitive verbs formed from nouns "2 a : come to be $steepen% & in intransitive verbs formed from adjectives "b : come to have $lengthen% & in intransitive verbs formed from nouns enantio- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. enantios, fr. enanti in the presence of, fr. en in + anti against & more at %"*$-# "1 : opposite $enantiotropy% "2 : antagonistic $enantiobiosis% -ence n suffix -# "ME, fr. OF, fr. L -entia, fr. -ent-, -ens -ent + -ia -y# 1 : action or process $abstinence% $emergence% $confluence% : instance of an action or process $reference% $reminiscence% "2 : quality or state $condescendence% $dependence% : one having a 'specified( quality or being in a 'specified( state $standing on an eminence% encephal- or encephalo- combining form "F encéphal-, fr. Gk enkephal-, fr. enkephalos brain# "1 : brain $encephalitis% $encephalocele% "2 : of or belonging to the brain and $encephalospinal% -encephalia n combining form -# "NL, fr. -encephalus + -ia -y# : condition of having 'such( a brain $sclerencephalia% -encephalous adj combining form "Gk -enkephalos, fr. enkephalos brain# : having 'such( a brain $micrencephalous% -encephalus -encephalus n combining form, pl -encephali "NL, fr. Gk -enkephalos -encephalous# "1 : fetus having 'such( a brain $pseudencephalus% "2 : condition of having 'such( a brain $micrencephalus% -encephaly n combining form -$# "NL -encephalia# : condition of having 'such( a brain $anencephaly% -enchyma n combining form, pl -enchymata or -enchymas "NL, fr. -enchyma 'in parenchyma(# : cellular tissue of a 'specified( type $collenchyma% $cystenchyma% -enchyme n combining form -# "NL -enchyma# : -$"&(10% $collenchyme% -ency n suffix -$# "ME -encie, fr. L -entia & more at -$"&$# "1 : quality or state $efficiency% $expediency% "2 : one having a 'specified( quality or being in a 'specified( state $His Excellency% "3 : instance of a 'specified( quality or state $repeated inadvertencies% end- or endo- combining form "F, fr. Gk, fr. endon within, at home, fr. en in + -don 'perh. akin to L domus house(# "1 a : within : inside $Endamoeba% $endoscope% "b : taking in : requiring $endergonic% & opposed to exo- "2 : endocardium and $endopericarditis% endotheli- or endothelio- combining form "ISV, fr. NL endothelium# : endothelium $endotheliocyte% $endothelioma% -ene n suffix -# "ISV, fr. Gk -"n" 'fem. patronymic suffix(# : unsaturated carbon compound $benzene%+ esp : carbon compound characterized by the presence of one double bond $propene% & in names of straight-chain hydrocarbons+ distinguished from -ane, -yne+ compare -1.$"$ ennea- combining form "Gk, fr. ennea# : nine $enneagon% $enneapetalous% -ennial adj combining form "ME -eniale, fr. MF -ennial, fr. L -ennium 'as in biennium period of two years( + MF -al# : recurring at or marking intervals of 'so many( years $biennial% $centennial% ent- or ento- combining form "NL * Gk+ NL, fr. Gk entos$ akin to L intus within, Gk en in# : inner : within $entad% $entoblast% !-ent n suffix -# "ME, fr. OF, fr. L -ent-, -ens, fr. pres. part. suffix of the 2d * 3d conjugations, fr. -e- 'vowel of the 2d * 3d conjugations, + -nt-, -ns, pres. part. suffix & more at -%"*# : one that performs 'a specified action( $regent% $resident% $tangent% & compare ,-%"* "-ent adj suffix "ME, fr. OF, fr. L -ent-, -ens, pres. part. suffix# : doing, behaving, existing 'in the way specified( $apparent% $reverent% $subsequent% & with verbs or verbal roots+ compare --%"* enter- or entero- combining form "L * Gk+ L entero-, fr. Gk enter-, entero-, fr. enteron & more at +"*$)-# "1 : intestine $enteritis% $enterocrinin% "2 : intestinal and $enterohepatic% entom- or entomo- combining form "F, fr. Gk entomon# : insect $entomophagous% $entomostracan% eo- combining form "Gk "&- dawn, fr. "&s# : earliest : oldest $Eohippus% $eolithic%+ specif : first of two or three subdivisions of geologic time $Eocene% & compare 0$#-, 0+-, "$-, 4.$+'-eous adj suffix "L -eus composed of, of the nature of or resembling 'a specified substance(+ akin to Gk -eos composed of, Skt -aya# : like : resembling : of the nature of $aqueous% $vitreous% ependym- or ependymo- combining form "NL, fr. ependyma# : ependyma $ependymitis% $ependymoepithelium% epi- or ep- also eph- prefix "epi- fr. ME, upon, fr. MF * ML+ MF, fr. ML, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. epi on, upon, to+ ep- fr. MF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. epi$ eph- fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. epi$ akin to OE eofot crime, Goth iftuma next, following, L ob to, before, on account of, Skt api besides# "1 : upon $epiphyte% : besides $epenthesis% : near to $epencephalon% : over $epicenter% : outer $epidermis% : anterior $epicnemial% : prior to $epacme% : after $epembryonic% & epi- before consonants other than h, and sometimes ep- before vowels and ephbefore h 'which is not repeated(, but sometimes epi- even before h or a vowel "2 : altered & in petrographic terms 18 -ergy $epidiorite% "3 : resting on as a geological stratum : following in time & in names of geological eras, periods, systems, series, or formations $Eparchean% epiderm- or epidermo- combining form "epidermis# : epidermis $epidermolysis% epididym- or epididymo- combining form "NL, fr. epididymis# : epididymal and $epididymodeferential% epilept- or epilepti- or epilepto- combining form "F épilept-, fr. L epilept-, fr. Gk epil"pt-, fr. epil"ptos# : epilepsy $epileptoid% $epileptogenic% epithel- combining form "NL epithelium# : epithelium $epithelize% $epitheloid% epitheli- or epithelio- combining form "NL epithelium# : epithelium $epithelioma% : epithelial and $epithelioglandular% epoxy- combining form "epi- + oxy-# : epoxy equi- also aequi- combining form "ME equi-, fr. MF * L+ MF equi-, fr. L aequi-, fr. aequus level, equal# : equal $equidistribution% : equally $equidistant% $equisided% !-er adj suffix or adv suffix "ME -er, -ere, -re, fr. OE -ra 'in adjectives(, -or 'in adverbs(+ akin to comparative suffixes OHG -iro, -&ro 'in adjectives(, -&r 'in adverbs(, ON -ri, -ari 'in adjectives(, -r, -ar 'in adverbs(, Goth -iza, -oza 'in adjectives(, -is, -os 'in adverbs(, L -ior 'in adjectives(, Gk -i&n 'in adjectives(, Skt -'yas 'in adjectives(# & used to form the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs of one syllable $hotter% $drier% $later% $sooner% $colder% and of certain adjectives and adverbs of two syllables $abler% $completer% $gentlier% $happier% $yellower% and sometimes of longer ones+ regularly accompanied by coalescence with final e of the base word, change of final postconsonantal y of the base word to i, or doubling of the final consonant of the base word immediately after a short stressed vowel "-er also -ier or -yer n suffix -# "ME -er, -ere, fr. OE -ere$ akin to D * G -er, OHG -+ri, ON -ari, Goth -areis$ all fr. a prehistoric Gmc suffix borrowed fr. L -arius ,-ary+ in sense 1, partly fr. ME -er, -ier, -ere, -iere, fr. AF -er, -ere * OF -ier, -iere, fr. L -arius, -aria, -arium ,-ary+ in sense 2, partly fr. ME -er, -ere, fr. MF -ere, fr. L -ator 'suffix denoting an agent( & more at ,-ary, ,-or# "1 a : person occupationally connected with $hatter% $jailer% $furrier% $hosier% $lawyer% "b : person or thing belonging to, related to, or associated with $header% $old-timer% $high schooler% "c : native of : resident of : one coming from $cottager% $Londoner% $Marylander% $New Yorker% "d : one that has $three-decker% $the baby is a tenpounder% "e : one that produces or yields $porker% $vealer% $wooler% "2 a : one that does or performs 'a specified action( $maker% $player% $reporter% $transformer% $range finder% & sometimes added to both elements of a compound $builder-upper% $tryer-outer% "b : one that is a suitable object of 'a specified action( $broiler% $fryer% "3 : one that is $foreigner% $goner% $westerner% $down-and-outer% & -yer in a small number of words after w, -ier in a small number of words after other letters, otherwise -er$ -er and -ier regularly accompanied by doubling of the final consonant of the base word immediately after a short stressed vowel, -ier regularly accompanied by omission of final e of the base word, -er regularly accompanied by coalescence with final e of the base word and sometimes accompanied by change of final postconsonantal y of the base word to i $flier% $flyer% erem- or eremo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk er"m-, er"mo-, fr. er"mos lonely, solitary and er"mia desert, fr. er"mos + -ia -y# : solitary $Eremurus% : desert $eremology% & chiefly in terms in biology erg- or ergo- combining form "Gk, fr. ergon# : work $ergophobia% $ergodic% ergat- or ergato- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk ergat-, fr. ergat"s, fr. ergazesthai to work# : worker $ergatoid% $ergatomorphic% -ergic adj combining form "-ergy + (-ic# : exhibiting or stimulating activity of $dopaminergic% ergo- combining form "F, fr. ergot# : ergot $ergosterol% -ergy n combining form -$# "LL -ergia, fr. Gk -ergeia, -ergia, fr. ergon work + -eia, -ia -y# : work $synergy% : effect $allergy% erioerio- combining form "Gk erio-, eirio-, fr. erion, eirion# : wool $Eriogonum% $eriometer% eruci- combining form "ISV, fr. L eruca# : caterpillar $eruciform% $erucivorous% -ery n suffix -$# "ME -erie, fr. OF, fr. -ier -er + -ie -y# "1 : qualities collectively : character : -"$## $tomfoolery% $snobbery% 2 : art, practice, trade $mountebankery% & compare -)1 "3 : place of doing, keeping, growing, breeding, selling 'the thing specified( $piggery% $rookery% $fishery% $bindery% $bakery% 4 : collection : aggregate $finery% $greenery% & compare -)1 5 : state : condition $slavery% $monkery% & compare -)1 erythr- or erythro- combining form "Gk erythr-, erythro-, fr. erythros# "1 : red $erythrism% $erythrophyll% "2 : related to erythrose $erythronic acid% "3 : erythrocyte $erythremia% $erythropoiesis% !-es n pl suffix "ME -es, -s & more at ,-s# "1 & used to form the plural of most nouns that end in s $glasses%, z $fuzzes%, sh $bushes%, ch $peaches%, or postconsonantal y 'which changes to i( $ladies%, and of some nouns ending in o $heroes%, and of some nouns ending in f 'which changes to v( $loaves%+ compare ,-# 1 "2 : ,-# 2 $Christmases we go to grandmother)s% "-es vb suffix "ME 'Northern * North Midland( & more at .-s# & used to form the third person singular present indicative of most verbs that end in s $blesses%, z $fizzes%, sh $hushes%, ch $catches%, or postconsonantal y 'which changes to i( $defies%+ compare .-# 1 -es& n pl suffix "ME, -es, fr. -e, older gen. pl. ending 'fr. OE -a( + -s, gen. sing. ending & more at -9## & used to form the plural possessive of most nouns that end in s, z, sh, ch, or postconsonantal y and of some nouns ending in f -escence n suffix -# "MF, fr. L -escentia, fr. -escent-, -escens + -ia# : state or process of becoming $obsolescence% $convalescence% -escent adj suffix "MF, fr. L -escent-, -escens 'pres. part. suffix of inchoative verbs ending in -escere(, fr. -esc-, element forming inchoative verbs + -ent-, -ens, pres. part. suffix of the 3d conjugation & more at -$"*# "1 : beginning, beginning to be, becoming, slightly $obsolescent% $arborescent% $alkalescent% 2 : reflecting or emitting light 'in a specified way( $opalescent% $fluorescent% !-ese adj suffix "Pg -/s * It -ese, adj. * n. suffix, fr. 'assumed( VL -esis, fr. L -ensis# : of, relating to, or originating in 'a certain place or country( $Japanese% $Viennese% "-ese n suffix, pl -ese "Pg -/s * It -ese# "1 : native or resident 'of a specified place or country( $Chinese% "2 a : the language 'of a particular place, country, or nationality( $Siamese% $Cantonese% "b : speech, literary style, or diction peculiar to 'a specified place, person, or group( & usu. in words applied in dislike or contempt $Carlylese% $federalese% $journalese% $Pentagonese% -esis n suffix, pl -eses "ME, fr. OE, fr. L, fr. Gk -esis, -"sis, fr. -e-, -"-, derivational element attached to certain verbs + -sis, fem. suffix of action# : action : process $emesis% eso- prefix "Gk eso-, fr. es& within# : inner $esotropia% $esoneural% esophag- or esophago- also oesophag- or oesophago- combining form "Gk oisophagos gullet# : esophagus $esophagectomy% $esophagopathy% : esophageal and $esophagogastroscopy% !-esque adj suffix "F, fr. It -esco, of Gmc origin+ akin to OHG -isc & more at -+#(# : in the manner or style of : like : -+#( $Romanesque% $Kiplingesque% $Lincolnesque% $statuesque% $Hardyesque% "-esque n suffix -# : something in the style of $arabesque% -ess n suffix -$# "ME -esse, fr. OF, fr. LL -issa, fr. Gk# : female $goddess% $giantess% & esp. in agent nouns $actress% $poetess% !-est adj suffix or adv suffix "ME, fr. OE -st, -est, -ost$ akin to superlative suffixes OHG -isto, -&sto 'in adjectives(, -ist, -&st 'in adverbs(, ON -str, -astr 'in adjectives(, -st, -ast 'in adverbs(, Goth -ists, -osts 'in adjectives(, -ist 'in adverbs(, Gk -istos 'in adjectives(, Skt -i&)ha 'in adjectives(+ prob. fr. the suffix represented by E (-er + the suffix represented by E (-ed# & used 19 -etum to form the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs of one syllable $fattest% $latest% $newest%, of certain adjectives and adverbs of two syllables $luckiest% $oftenest% $remotest% $simplest%, and less often of longer ones $beggarliest%+ often attached to words 'as participles in adjectival use( that rarely if ever show a corresponding comparative formation in -er $cussedest% $fightingest% $lyingest%+ regularly accompanied by coalescence with final e of the base word, change of final postconsonantal y of the base word to i, or doubling of the final consonant of the base word immediately after a short stressed vowel "-est or -st suffix "ME, fr. OE -est, -ast, -st, 2d sing. pres. endings of various classes of verbs 'fr. earlier -es, -as, -s + -t, assimilated form of the 2d pers. pron. th! thou( * -est 'fr. earlier -es + -t(, 2d sing. past ending of weak verbs+ akin to OHG -ist, -&st, -"st 'fr. earlier -is, -&s, -"s + -t, fr. th!, thu thou(, 2d sing. pres. endings, -&st 'fr. earlier -&s + -t(, 2d sing. past ending of weak verbs, Goth -is, -os, -ais, 2d sing. pres. endings, -es, 2d sing. past ending of weak verbs, ON -r, -ar, -ir, 2d sing. pres. endings, -ir, 2d sing. past ending of weak verbs, L * Gk -s 'preceded by various thematic vowels(, 2d sing. pres. ending, Skt -si# & used to form the archaic second person singular indicative of English verbs 'with thou( $gettest% $didst% $carriest% $failedst% $canst% -estes n combining form "NL, modif. of Gk edest"s, fr. 'Homeric( edmenai to eat# : -eater & in generic names of birds $Spermestes% esthesio- or aesthesio- combining form "NL, fr. Gk aisth"sis sensation, perception, feeling, fr. aisthanesthai to perceive, feel# : sensation $esthesioneurosis% $aesthesiology% -et n suffix -# "ME, fr. OF -et 'masc.( * -ete 'fem.(, fr. LL -itus ) -ita# "1 : small one : lesser one : -.$* $baronet% $cellaret% $singlet% "2 : group $octet% eth- or etho- combining form "ISV, fr. ethyl# : ethyl $ethaldehyde% $ethochloride% -eth or -th vb suffix "ME, fr. OE -eth, -ath, -th, 3d sing. pres. indic. endings of various classes of verbs+ akin to OHG -it, -&t, -"t, 3d sing. pres. indic. endings, early ON 'runic( -ith, -'th, -&th, -"th, Goth -ith, -eith, -oth, -aith, L -t 'preceded by various thematic vowels(, Gk -ti-, 3d sing. pres. indic. ending of unthematic verbs, Skt -ti 'preceded by various thematic vowels or by a consonant(, 3d sing. pres. indic. ending# & used to form the archaic third person singular present indicative of verbs $goeth% $doth% $thinketh% $hath% $saith% $maketh% $leadeth% ethico- combining form "NL, fr. L ethicus moral, ethical# : ethical and $ethicoreligious% : ethics $ethicocentered% ethmo- combining form "Gk "thmo- strainer 'influenced in meaning by E ethmoid(, fr. "thmos# : ethmoidal and $ethmofrontal% : ethmoid and $ethmosphenoid% ethno- combining form "F, fr. LGk, fr. Gk ethnos nation# "1 : race, people, cultural group $ethnography% $ethnogenic% "2 : characteristic of or believed by a people, race, or group $ethnometeorology% : used by or related to a people or race $ethnobiology% $ethnoflora% ethoxy- combining form "ISV, fr. ethoxyl# : containing ethoxyl & in names of chemical compounds $ethoxycaffeine% -etic adj suffix "L * Gk+ L -eticus, fr. Gk -etikos, "tikos, fr. -etos, -"tos, ending of certain verbals + -ikos -ic# : ,-+& $algetic% & usu. used to form adjectives corresponding to nouns ending in -esis 'as genetic : genesis( etio- or aetio- or aitio- combining form "ML aetio-, fr. Gk aitio-, fr. aitia# "1 : cause $etiologic% $etiogenic% "2 : formed by chemical degradation of a 'specified( compound $etiophyllin% etrusco- combining form, cap "L Etruscus# : Etruscan and $Etrusco-Roman% -ette n suffix -# "ME, fr. MF, fem. dim. suffix, fr. OF -ete & more at -$*# "1 : little one 'of the thing or class specified( : -.$* $wagonette% $kitchenette% $dinette% "2 : group of 'so many( $octette% "3 : female $majorette% $farmerette% $suffragette% "4 : imitation : substitute $erminette% $beaverette% & used chiefly in commercial names -etum n suffix, pl -eta or -etums "L -etum# "1 : garden or group euof a 'specified( kind of plant $rosetum% $pinetum% "2 : consocies 'of a specified plant genus or family( $characetum% eu- combining form "ME, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. ey, eu, fr. neut. of eys good+ akin to Hitt asus good and perh. to Skt asti he is# "1 a : well : easily $euplastic% & opposed to dys- "b : good $eudaemon% & opposed to dys- "2 a : most typical : true $Euascomycetes% $euchromosome% "b : truly $eucoelomate% c : having a complete life cycle $eu-form% "3 : improved derivative of a 'specified( substance $eucodeine% eur- or euro- combining form, cap "Europe# "1 : European and $Eurafrican% "2 : European $Eurocentric% : western European $Eurocommunism% : of the European Union $Eurocrat% europeo- combining form, cap "L europaeus European# : European and $Europeo-Asiatic% eury- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. eurys$ akin to Skt uru broad, wide# : broad $eurygnathic% : wide $eurybenthic% $euryhaline% & opposed to sten-eus n combining form, pl -ei also -euses "NL, fr. L, adj. suffix, composed of, of the nature of, or resembling 'a specified substance( & more at -$'!## : muscle that constitutes, has the form of, or joins a 'specified( part, thing, or structures $gluteus% $rhomboideus% $iliococcygeus% ex- or ef- prefix "ME, fr. OF * L+ OF, fr. L 'also, perfective and intensive prefix(, fr. ex out of, from+ akin to Gk ex out of, from, OIr ess-, OSlav iz, izŭ, is# "1 : out of : away from : outside of $excircle% $exclave% "2 : without : lacking $exalate% $exalbuminous% "3 "ME ex-, fr. LL, fr. L# : out of 'the office or condition named by the main word( : former : sometime & usu. joined to second element by a hyphen $ex-president% $ex-convict%+ often with phrases $ex-child actor% $ex-manabout-town%+ usu. ef- in senses 1 * 2 before f $efform% $effuse%+ always ex- in sense 3 exa- combining form "ISV, modif. of Gk hexa- hexa-# : quintillion $exajoules% excito- combining form "excitor * L excitare to excite# "1 : excitor and $excitomotory% $excitosecretory% "2 : exciting : stimulating : causing activity 'of a specified kind( $excitocatabolism% exo- or ex- combining form "Gk ex& out of, out, outside of, outside, fr. ex out of & more at ,ex-# "1 : outside $exogamy% : outer $exocarp% $exoskeleton% & opposed to end-+ compare $&*- "2 : producing $exergonic% & opposed to endextra- prefix "ME, fr. L, fr. extra, adv. * prep., outside, except, beyond, fr. exter outward, on the outside# : outside : beyond & esp. in adjectives formed from adjectives $extracranial% $extralegal% $extravascular% $extra-urban% $extrahistoric% extro- prefix "modif. 'influenced by intro-( of L extra & more at $6*)%-# : outside : outward $extrovert% & opposed to intro-facient adj combining form "L facient-, faciens, pres. part. of facere to do, make 'as in calefacere to warm(# : making : causing $somnifacient% facio- combining form "ISV, fr. L facies form, shape, face# "1 : facial and $faciolingual% "2 : facial $facioplegia% -faction n combining form -# "ME -faccioun, fr. MF * L+ MF -faction, fr. L -faction-, -factio 'as in satisfaction-, satisfactio satisfaction(# : making : -:+&%*+'" $rarefaction% & in nouns derived from verbs ending in -fy -factive adj combining form "MF -factif, fr. -faction + -if -ive# : making : causing : -4'+$*+& $putrefactive% farado- combining form "farad ic + -o-# : resulting from or involving faradic stimulus $faradocontractility% $faradotherapy% febri- combining form "LL, fr. L febris# : fever $febricide% femino- combining form "L femina# : woman $feminology% femoro- combining form "NL, fr. L femor-, femur thigh# : femoral $femorocele% : femoral and $femorofibular% femto- combining form "ISV, fr. Dan or Norw femten fifteen 'fr. ON fimmt+n( + -o-# : one quadrillionth '10−15( part of $femtosecond% fenno- combining form, usu cap "Sw, fr. L Fenni Finns# "1 : Finnish and $Fenno-German% "2 : including Finland $Fenno-Scandinavia% 20 fluor- -fer n combining form -# "F * L+ F -fère, fr. L -fer 'n. * adj. comb. form(, fr. ferre to bear, carry# : one that bears $aquifer% $conifer% -ferous adj combining form "ME, fr. L -fer * MF -fere 'fr. L -fer( + E -ous & more at -:$)# : bearing : producing : yielding $auriferous% $ovuliferous% & almost always preceded by i & -ferously adv combining form & -ferousness n combining form -$# ferri- combining form "L ferri-, fr. ferrum iron# "1 : iron $ferri ferous% "2 "ferric# : containing ferric iron $ferrihemoglobin% ferro- combining form "ML ferro-, fr. L ferrum iron# "1 : iron : containing iron $ferroconcrete% "2 : iron and $ferronickel% & chiefly in names of alloys "3 "ferrous# : containing ferrous iron $ferroferricyanide% ferroso- combining form "NL ferrosus ferrous# : ferrous and $ferrosoferric% -fest n combining form -# "G fest festival, holiday, fr. MHG vest, fr. L festum, fr. neut. of festus solemn, festal# "1 : festive gathering esp. for competition $shootingfest% $turnerfest% $songfest% "2 : session often informal or spontaneous $gabfest% : outburst of activity $slugfest% feto- or feti- also foeto- or foeti- combining form "feto-, foeto- fr. L fetus, foetus$ feti-, foeti- fr. L, fr. fetus, foetus# : fetus $fetometry% : fetal and $fetoplacental% fibr- or fibro- combining form "L fibra# "1 a : fiber : fibrous and : fibrous tissue $fibrogenic% $fibrocaseous% $fibrosis% "b : of or containing fibrous tissue $fibrocartilage% $fibroangioma% $fibrocarcinoma% "2 : fibrotic $fibrobronchitis% "3 a : fibroma and : fibromatous $fibromyxoma% $fibrochondroma% "b : a fibroma containing $fibrocyst% "4 : fibrin and $fibrohemorrhagic% $fibropurulent% -fic adj suffix "MF * L+ MF -fique, fr. L -ficus, fr. facere make, do# : making : causing : bringing about $acidific% $prolific% -fication n combining form -# "ME -ficacioun, fr. MF * L+ MF -fication, fr. L -fication-, -ficatio, fr. -ficatus 'past part. ending of verbs ending in -ficare to make, fr. -ficus -fic( + -ion-, -io -ion# : making : production $pacification% $vinification% $russification% & compare -:%&*+'", -:1 -fid adj combining form "L -fidus, fr. the root of findere to split# : divided into 'so many( parts $sexifid% or 'such( parts $pinnatifid% -fidate adj combining form "L -fidatus, fr. -fidus -fid + -atus -ate# : -:+fili- combining form "L filum# : thread or threads : something resembling thread or threads $filicauline% $filiferous% fissi- combining form "LL, fr. L fissus, past part. of findere to split# "1 : divided : cleft $fissilingual% "2 : fission $fissiparous% flabelli- combining form "L, fan, fr. flabellum# : fan $flabelliform% $flabellinerved% flav- or flavo- combining form "L flavus# "1 : yellow $flavin% $flavo-virescent% "2 : flavin $flavoenzyme% -florate adj combining form "L flor-, flos + E -ate# : flowered $biflorate% flori- combining form "L, fr. flor-, flos 'to bloom(# : flower or flowers $floriculture% : something resembling a flower or flowers $floriated% -florous adj combining form "LL -florus, fr. L flor-, flos flower 'to bloom(# : having or bearing 'such or so many( flowers : -flowered : -%"*('!# & in words whose first constituent ends in i $noctiflorous% $uniflorous% fluo- combining form "ISV, prob. by shortening# : :.!')- 1 $fluoberyllate% fluor- or fluoro- combining form "F fluor-, fr. NL fluor 'mineral belonging to a group including fluorite(# "1 a : fluorine $fluorhydric% $fluoroform% "b now usu fluoro- : containing fluorine in place of hydrogen & in names of organic compounds $fluorobenzene% "c now usu fluoro- : containing fluorine regarded as replacing hydroxyl or oxygen or as coordinated to a central atom & in names of inorganic acids and salts $fluoromolybdate% "d : containing fluorine as fluoride sometimes replacing another element or group & in names of minerals and salts $fluorapatite% $fluorochloride% "2 also fluori- : fluorescence $fluorene% $fluoroscope% $fluorimeter% fluorescifluoresci- combining form "fluorescence# : fluorescence $fluorescigenic% fluvi- or fluvio- combining form "L fluvi-, fr. fluvius# "1 : river, stream $fluvicoline% $fluviology% "2 : fluvial and $fluviovolcanic% -fold suffix "ME -fold, -fald, fr. OE -feald$ akin to OHG -falt -fold, ON -faldr, Goth -falths$ derivatives fr. the root of E fold# 1 : multiplied by 'a specified number( : times & in adjectives $a twelvefold increase% and adverbs $it will repay you tenfold% "2 : having 'so many( laps, layers, or parts $the threefold aspect of the problem% -folious adj combining form "L foliosus# : having 'such or so many( leaves $centifolious% for- prefix "ME, fr. OE+ akin to OHG fir-, far-, fur- for-, OS for-, Goth fra-, fair- for-, faur- for-, fore-, OE for# "1 : so as to involve prohibition, exclusion, omission, failure, or refusal & almost exclusively in words coined before 1600 $forsay% $forheed% "2 : destructively or detrimentally & almost exclusively in words coined before 1600 $forhang% $forstorm% "3 : completely : excessively : to exhaustion : to pieces & almost exclusively in words coined before 1600 $forbruise% $forweary% $forspent% fore- combining form "ME for-, fore-, fr. OE fore-, fr. fore, adv.# 1 a : at an earlier point in time : beforehand $foresee% $foretell% "b : occurring at an earlier point in time : occurring beforehand $forepayment% $foreperiod% "c : being an early part of 'something stipulated( $foreday% $foresummer% "2 a : situated at or toward the front : situated in front of something $foreleg% $foreporch% "b : being the front part of 'something stipulated( $forearm% $forepalate% form- or formo- combining form "formic 'acid(# : formic acid : formyl $formanilide% $formotoluidide% -form adj combining form "MF and L+ MF -forme, fr. L -formis, fr. forma form# : in the form or shape of : resembling : -0')4('!# & preceded by i $calciform% $oviform% -formes n pl combining form "NL, fr. L, pl. of -formis -form# : ones having 'such a( form : ones resembling & in names of zoological orders and certain other groups of higher rank than family $Galliformes% $Passeriformes% fracto- combining form "L fractus# : broken up and $fractocumulus% : fracture $fractograph% franco- combining form, usu cap "ML, fr. Francus Frenchman, fr. LL, Frank# : French and $Franco-Swiss% : French $Francophile% frigo- combining form "ISV, fr. L frigus frost, cold# : cold $frigostable% $frigotherapy% fronto- combining form "ISV, fr. L front-, frons forehead, brow, front# "1 : frontal bone and $frontoparietal% : frontal lobe and $frontopontine% "2 "front + -o-# : boundary of an air mass $frontogenesis% fructi- combining form "L, fr. fructus# : fruit $fructiculture% $fructicolous% fruti- combining form "L frutic-, frutex# : shrub $fruticolous% fuc- or fuco- or fuci- combining form "NL, fr. Fucus# "1 : derived from or related to the alga fucus $fucic acid% $fuciphagous% 2 : fucose $fucoside% $fucopyranoside% -fugal adj combining form "prob. fr. 'assumed( NL -fuga -fuge + E -al# : fleeing : passing from $centrifugal% & -fugally adv combining form -fuge n combining form -# "F, prob. fr. 'assumed( NL -fuga, fr. LL -fuga, -fugia 'in febrifuga, febrifugia centaury(, fr. L fugare to put to flight, fr. fuga flight# : one that drives away $dolorifuge% $vermifuge% !-ful adj suffix "ME, fr. OE, fr. full, adj.# "1 : full of $eventful% 2 : characterized by : -'!# $peaceful% $boastful% "3 : having the qualities of : resembling $masterful% "4 : -%3.$ $bashful% $mournful% "-ful also -full n suffix -# "ME -ful, fr. OE -ful, -full, fr. full, adj.# : number or quantity that fills or would fill $cupful% $roomful% $bellyful% & sometimes after pl. nouns $bagsful% fumar- or fumaro- combining form "ISV, fr. NL Fumaria# : fumaric acid $fumaramide% $fumaronitrile% 21 gastr- fungi- combining form "perh. fr. NL, fr. L fungus# : fungus $fungicolous% $fungiform% fur- or furo- combining form "ISV, fr. furfural# "1 : related to furan $furodiazole%, furfural $furoin%, or furoic acid $2-furamide% "2 : containing a furan ring fused on one side to one side of another ring $furoquinoline% fusco- combining form "ISV, fr. L fuscus# : having a dark color : tawny $fuscochlorin% $fuscoferruginous% fusi- combining form "L fusus spindle# : spindle $fusiform% : spindle-shaped $Fusicoccum% fuso- combining form "L fusus spindle# "1 : shaped like a spindle $fusocellular% "2 : fusiform bacillus and $fusospirillar% $fusospirochetal% -fy vb suffix -$-5-+"/5-$# "ME -fien, fr. OF -fier, fr. L -ficare, fr. -ficus -fic# "1 : make : form into $dandify% $gaudify% "2 : invest with the attributes of : make similar to $citify% -gaea or -gea n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk gaia land, earth# : a 'specified( geographical area $Afrogaea% $Neogaea% galact- or galacto- combining form "galact- fr. MF or L+ MF galact-, fr. L, fr. Gk galakt-, fr. galakt-, gala$ galacto- fr. Gk galakto-, fr. galakt-, gala# "1 : milk, milky fluid $galactidrosis% $galactemia% $galactorrhea% "2 "ISV, fr. galactose# : related to galactose $galactopyranose% "3 "galactic# : galaxy+ specif : the Milky Way galaxy $galactocentric% gall- or gallo- combining form "gallic acid# : gallic acid $gallaldehyde% gallo- combining form "L Gallo- Gaulish, fr. Gallus Gaul, inhabitant of ancient Gaul# "1 cap : Gaulish and $Gallo-Roman% "2 cap : French and $Gallo-Briton% "3 often cap : France $gallocentric% galvano- combining form "galvanic + -o-# : galvanic current $galvanometer% : using or produced by galvanic current $galvanocautery% $galvanoplastics% gam- or gamo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, marriage, fr. gamos# "1 : united : joined $gamophyllous% $gamosepalous% "2 : sexual : sexuality $gamic% $gamobium% $gamogenesis% -gam n combining form -# "NL -gamia class of plants having a 'specified( means of reproduction, fr. Gk -gamia -gamy# : plant belonging to a group having a 'specified( means of reproduction $cryptogam% -gamae n pl combining form "NL, fem. pl. of -gamus -gamous# : plants having 'such( sexual organs or 'such( a means of reproduction & in taxonomic names in botany $Agamae% gamet- or gameto- combining form "NL, fr. gameta# : gamete $gametal% $gametocide% -gamic adj combining form "ISV -gam- 'fr. NL -gamia & as in Cryptogamia &, fr. Gk -gamia -gamy( + -ic# "1 : having 'such( reproductive organs $cleistogamic% $dichogamic% "2 : having 'such( a mode of fertilization $porogamic% -gamous adj combining form "Gk -gamos, fr. gamos marriage# 1 : characterized by having or practicing 'such( a marriage or 'such or so many( marriages $endogamous% $exogamous% "2 "prob. fr. NL -gamus, prob. fr. LL, characterized by having 'such( a marriage or 'such or so many( marriages, fr. Gk -gamos# : -/%0+& 1 -gamy n combining form -$# "ME -gamie, fr. LL -gamia, fr. Gk# 1 a : marriage $exogamy% "b : union for propagation or reproduction $allogamy% "2 "NL -gamia 'as in Cryptogamia(, fr. Gk -gamia -gamy 'marriage(# "a : possession of 'such( reproductive organs $cleistogamy% "b : possession of 'such( a mode of fertilization $porogamy% gangli- or ganglio- combining form "NL, fr. Gk ganglion# : ganglion $gangliectomy% $ganglioplexus% gaster- or gastero- combining form "NL, fr. Gk gastero- belly, fr. gaster-, gast"r# "1 : ventral area $Gasteropoda% $gasterostome% "2 : stomach $gasteralgia% $Gasterophilus% -gaster n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk gast"r# "1 : part having a 'specified( relation to the stomach $mesogaster% $metagaster% "2 : organism having a 'specified( type of digestive tract & esp. in generic names $Microgaster% $myxogaster% gastr- or gastro- also gastri- combining form "Gk, belly, fr. gastr-, gast"r# "1 : ventral area $gastropod% "2 : stomach $gas- -gastria trectomy% $gastrology% "3 : gastric and $gastroduodenal% $gastrohepatic% -gastria n combining form -# "NL, fr. gastr- + -ia# : condition of having 'such( a stomach or 'such or so many( stomachs $microgastria% $polygastria% -gate n combining form -# "Watergate, scandal that arose in 1972 fr. the suppressed investigation of a burglary at Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C.# : usu. political scandal often including concealment of wrongdoing $Irangate% $Koreagate% ge- or geo- combining form "ME geo-, fr. MF * L+ MF, fr. L, fr. Gk g"-, ge-, ge&-, fr. g" earth, land# "1 : earth, ground, soil $geobiology% $geogenic% $geophyte% $geotropic% "2 : geographical : geography and $geohistory% $geopolitics% geisso- combining form "NL, fr. Gk geisson, geison cornice# : like a cornice $Geissorhiza% !gen- or geno- combining form "Gk genos race, descent, kin, sex, kind, fr. the stem of gignesthai to be born# "1 : generating : offspring $genoblast% "2 : race $genocide% "3 : sex "4 "influenced in meaning by NL genus# : genus : kind $genotype% "5 "generate# : a substance that produces or generates & specif. in names of oxides of alkaloids in which the oxygen is attached to nitrogen $genalkaloids% $genomorphine% "gen- or geno- combining form "gene# : gene $genoid% $genocline% -gen also -gene n combining form -# "F -gène, fr. Gk -gen"s born, fr. root of gignesthai to be born# "1 : one that generates $halogen% $melanogen% $androgen% "2 : one that is produced or generated $exogen% $cultigen% $phosgene% -genesia n combining form, pl -genesiae "NL, fr. Gk, fr. genesis + -ia -y# : genesis : formation $paragenesia% -genetic adj combining form "1 : relating to generation or genesis $spermatogenetic% $pangenetic% "2 : generating : producing : yielding $cytogenetic% "3 : generated : produced : yielded $psychogenetic% -genic adj combining form "ISV -gen ) -geny + -ic# "1 : producing : forming $carcinogenic% $acrogenic% "2 : produced by : formed from $nephrogenic% "3 "genic# : of or relating to a gene $intragenic% : having 'a stipulated kind or number of( genes $polygenic% "4 "photogenic# : suitable for production or reproduction by a 'given( medium $telegenic% -genin n combining form -# "ISV #-gen + -in# : compound formed from another compound & in names of aglycons or similar compounds derived from the names of the parent compounds $saligenin from salicin% $digitogenin from digitonin% genio- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk geneio-, fr. geneion chin, beard# "1 : chin $genioplasty% "2 : chin and $genioglossal% -genous adj combining form "-gen + -ous# "1 : producing : yielding $alkaligenous% "2 : produced by : arising or originating in $neurogenous% $endogenous% geny- or genyo- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk genys jaw, chin# : lower jaw $genyoplasty% -geny n combining form -$# "Gk -geneia act of being born, fr. -gen"s born + -ia -y & more at -/$"# : generation : production : science of origin $chrondrogeny% $morphogeny% $ontogeny% !germano- combining form, usu cap "NL, fr. ML Germanus German, fr. L, any member of the Germanic peoples inhabiting western Europe in Roman times# : German $Germanophile% : German and $Germano-Russian% "germano- combining form "ISV, fr. NL germanium# : germanium & esp. in names of compounds containing germanium in place of carbon $germanochloroform GeHCl*% geront- or geronto- combining form "F, géront-, géronto-, fr. Gk geront-, geronto-, fr. geront-, ger&n old man+ akin to Gk g"ras old age# : old age $gerontology% -gerous adj combining form "L -ger 'fr. gerere to bear, wage, cherish( or F -gère 'fr. L -ger( + E -ous# : bearing, producing & preceded by i $crystalligerous% $dentigerous% -geusia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk geusis sense of taste, taste 'fr. geuesthai to taste + -sis( + NL -ia# : a 'specified( condition of the sense of taste $parageusia% 22 -gnathous giga- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk gigas giant# : billion $gigacycle% $gigavolt% gigant- or giganto- combining form "Gk fr. gigant-, gigas# : giant $gigantism% $Gigantopithecus% gingiv- or gingivo- combining form "L gingiv-, fr. gingiva gum# 1 : gum : gums $gingivectomy% $gingivitis% "2 : of the gums and $gingivostomatitis% : gingival and $gingivolabial% glacio- combining form "ISV, fr. glacier# "1 : glacier $glaciology% 2 : glacial and $glaciomarine% glauc- or glauco- combining form "L glauc- gleaming, gray, fr. Gk glauk-, glauko-, fr. glaukos# : glaucous $glaucochroite% $glaucope% gli- or glio- combining form "NL, fr. MGk glia glue# "1 : gliomatous $glioblastoma% $gliomyoma% "2 : neuroglial $gliosome% $gliocyte% $gliosis% "3 : embedded in a gelatinous matrix $gliobacteria% "4 : substance resembling glue $gliode% -glia n combining form -# "NL, fr. MGk glia glue# : neuroglia made up of a 'specified( kind or size of element $macroglia% $microglia% globo- combining form "NL, fr. L globus ball# "1 a : global : spherical $globocell% : globular $globosphaerite% & often joined to second element with a hyphen $globo-cumulus% "b : worldwide $globo-historical% "2 : globe : sphere $globoferous% gloeo- or gloio- combining form "NL, fr. Gk gloio-, fr. gloios glutinous substance, gum+ akin to L glut-, glus glue# : sticky : glutinous $Gloeocapsa% $Gloiopeltis% glomerul- or glomerulo- combining form "NL, fr. glomerulus# : glomerulus of the kidney $glomerular% $glomerulonephritis% gloss- or glosso- combining form "L, tongue, fr. Gk gl&ss-, gl&sso-, fr. gl&ssa# "1 a : tongue $glossalgia% : glossal and $glossohyal% "b : structure or organ like a tongue $Glossophora% "2 : language $glossology% -glossa n combining form, pl -glossa "NL, fr. Gk gl&ssa# : one or ones having 'such( a tongue or part like a tongue & in taxonomic names in biology $Eriglossa% $Cheiroglossa% -glossia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk -gl&ssia, fr. gl&ssa tongue + -ia -y 'explanation(# : condition of having 'such( a tongue or 'so many( tongues $diglossia% $pachyglossia% -glot adj combining form "Gk -gl&ttos, -gl&ssos, fr. gl&tta, gl&ssa language, tongue 'explanation(# : having knowledge of or using 'a specified number of( languages $monoglot% $tetraglot% glott- or glotto- combining form "Gk gl&tt-, gl&tto-, gl&ss-, gl&ssotongue, fr. gl&tta, gl&ssa# : language $glottology% gluc- or gluco- combining form "ISV, fr. glucose# "1 : glucose $glucogenic% : related to or containing glucose $glucomannans% "2 : /.1&- 1 $glucoproteins% & not now in frequent use gluteo- combining form "NL gluteus# : gluteal and $gluteofemoral% glyc- or glyco- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk glyk- sweet, fr. glykys# "1 : sugar $glycogenic% : related to or containing a sugar $glycemia% $glycoalkaloid% $glycitol% : sweet $glycogen% 2 a : glycerol $glycogelatin% "b : glycogen $glycostatic% "c : glycol $glycostat% "d : glycine $glycyl% & used also to indicate other compounds spelled with initial glyc- "3 : /.!&- 1 glycer- or glycero- combining form "ISV, fr. glycerin# : glycerol $glyceryl% : related to glycerol or glyceric acid $glycerophosphoric acid% $glyceraldehyde% glypt- or glypto- combining form "F, fr. Gk glypt-, fr. glyptos carved, fr. glyphein to carve# "1 : engraving $glyptology% "2 : carved $Glyptodon% gnath- or gnatho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk gnath-, fr. gnathos$ akin to Gk genys jaw# : jaw $gnathitis% $gnathoplasty% -gnatha n combining form, pl -gnatha "NL, fem. sing. and neut. pl. of -gnathus -gnathous# : one or ones having 'such( a jaw & in taxonomic names in zoology $Agnatha% $Chaetognatha% -gnathae n pl combining form "NL, fem. pl. of -gnathus -gnathous# : ones having 'such( a jaw & in taxonomic names in zoology $Desmognathae% -gnathous adj combining form "NL -gnathus -gnathous, fr. Gk -gnathus gnathos jaw+ akin to Gk genys jaw# : having 'such( a jaw $oxygnathous% -gnathus n combining form "NL, fr. -gnathus -gnathous# : one having 'such( a jaw & in generic names of animals $Desmognathus% -gnomy n combining form -$# "LL -gnomia, fr. Gk -gn&mia, alter. of -gn&monia, fr. gn&mon-, gn&m&n interpreter, discerner + -ia -y# : science, art, or means of judging $pathognomy% -gnosia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk -gn&sia, fr. gn&sis knowledge# : -/"'#+# $pharmacognosia% -gnosis n combining form, pl -gnoses "L, fr. Gk gn&sis knowledge# : knowledge : cognition : recognition $barognosis% $psychognosis% -gnostic or -gnostical adj combining form "-gnostic fr. ML -gnosticus knowing, fr. Gk gn&stikos, adj.+ -gnostical fr. ML -gnosticus + E -al# : knowing : characterized by or relating to 'such( knowledge $geognostic% $geognostical% -gnosy n combining form -$# "NL -gnosia, fr. Gk -gn&sia, fr. gn&sis knowledge# : -/"'#+# $astrognosy% -gon n combining form -# "NL -gonum, fr. Gk -g&non, fr. g&nia angle+ akin to Gk gony knee# : figure having 'so many( angles $nonagon% goni- or gonio- combining form "Gk g&nia & more at -/'"# "1 : corner : angle $goniometer% "2 : gonion gonidi- or gonidio- combining form "NL gonidium# : gonidium $gonidiogenous% -gony n combining form -$# "L -gonia, fr. Gk goneia, fr. gonos offspring, procreation, seed + -eia -y# : generation, reproduction, or manner of coming into being of a 'specified( thing $cosmogony% $sporogony% $theogony% -grade adj combining form "F, fr. L -gradus going 'fr. gradi to step, go(# : walking $digitigrade% $plantigrade% & chiefly in zoological terms -gram n combining form -# "L -gramma, fr. Gk, fr. gramma letter, piece of writing# : drawing : writing : record $chronogram% $telegram% $thermogram% $spectrogram% gramin- or gramini- combining form "L gramin-, gramen# : grass $graminivorous% $graminiferous% grani- combining form "L, fr. granum# : grain $graniform% : grain or seeds $granivorous% grano- combining form "G, fr. granit granite, fr. It granito# "1 : granite or a granitic substance $granoblastic% $granolith% "2 : granitic $granogabbro% granul- or granuli- or granulo- combining form "LL granulum# : granule $granuliform% $granulometric% : granulation $granuloma% -graph n combining form -# "MF -graphe, fr. L -graphum, fr. Gk -graphon, fr. neut. of -graphos written, writing 'fr. graphein to write(# "1 : something written $cryptograph% $holograph% "2 : instrument for making or transmitting records $chronograph% $phonograph% $telegraph% -grapher n combining form -# "LL -graphus one that writes 'such( material or in 'such( a way 'fr. Gk -graphos, fr. -graphos written, writing( + E -er# : one that writes about 'specified( material or in a 'specified( way $craniographer% -graphia n combining form -# "L & more at -/)%4(1# "1 : writing on a 'specified( topic : representation of a 'specified( object $blastographia% $stomatographia% "2 : writing characterized by a 'specified( psychological abnormality $dysgraphia% $pseudagraphia% -graphic or -graphical adj combining form "-graphic fr. LL -graphicus, fr. Gk -graphikos, fr. graphikos written+ -graphical fr. LL -graphicus + E -al# "1 : written or transmitted in a 'specified( way $stenographic% $telegraphic% "2 : of or relating to writing in a 'specified( field or on a 'specified( subject $biographical% $hagiographic% grapho- combining form "F, fr. MF, fr. Gk, fr. graph" writing, fr. graphein to write# : writing $graphology% -graphy n combining form -$# "L -graphia, fr. Gk, fr. graphein to write + -ia -y# "1 : writing or representation in a 'specified( manner or by a 'specified( means or of a 'specified( object $calligraphy% $cartography% $photography% $stenography% 23 hebe- 2 : writing on a 'specified( subject or in a 'specified( field $biography% $geography% $metallography% gravi- combining form "MF, fr. L, fr. gravis# : heavy $gravigrade% $graviportal% gravit- or gravito- combining form "ISV, fr. gravity# : gravity $gravitochemical% greco- or graeco- combining form, usu cap "L Graeco-, fr. Graecus Greek# "1 : Greece or Greeks $Grecophile% $Grecomania% "2 : Greek and $Greco-Latin% $Greco-Persian% $Graeco-Roman% gymn- or gymno- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. gymnos# : naked : bare : uncovered $gymnanthous% $gymnobranchiate% gyn- or gyno- combining form "Gk gyn-, fr. gyn" woman# "1 a : woman : of or relating to a woman $gyniatrics% $gynocracy% b : female : female and $gynandrous% : womanish "2 : female reproductive organ : ovary $gynophore% : pistil $gynodioecious% -gyn n combining form -# "NL -gynia# : plant having 'so many( pistils $hexagyn% gyne- combining form "Gk gyn" woman# : /1"- $gynecytology% -gyne n combining form -# "Gk gyn" woman# "1 : woman : female $pseudogyne% "2 : female reproductive organ $trichogyne% gynec- or gyneco- also gynaec- or gynaeco- combining form "Gk gynaiko-, fr. gynaik-, gyn" woman# : /1"- $gynecocracy% $gynecology% $gynecoid% gyneo- or gynaeo- combining form "Gk gynaios of women, fr. gyn" woman# : /1"- $gyneocracy% -gynia n pl combining form "NL, fr. -gynus -gynous + -ia# : plants having 'such or so many( pistils & in Linnaean botanical orders $digynia% & -gynian adj or n combining form & -gynious adj combining form -gynous adj combining form "NL -gynus, fr. Gk -gynos, fr. gyn" woman# "1 : of, relating to, or having 'such or so many( females $polygynous% or female characteristics $androgynous% : female $ergatogynous% : woman "2 : of, relating to, or having 'such or so many( female organs, esp. pistils 'in such a way or at such a time( $hexagynous% $protogynous% -gyny n combining form -$# "Gk gyn" woman + E -y# "1 : existence of or condition of having 'such or so many( females $monogyny% "2 "-gynous + -y# : existence of or condition of having 'such or so many( female organs, esp. pistils 'in such a way or at such a time( $epigyny% gyr- or gyro- combining form "prob. fr. MF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. gyros# "1 : ring : circle $gyromancy% : spiral $Gyroceras% "2 : gyral $gyroscope% $gyrencephalate% "3 : gyroscope $gyrocompass% habro- combining form "NL, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. habros# : graceful & in generic names in zoology $Habronema% hadr- or hadro- combining form "NL, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. hadros thick, bulky+ akin to Gk had"n enough# : thick $hadrome% : heavy $Hadrosaurus% hagi- or hagio- combining form "LL, fr. Gk, fr. hagios# "1 : holy $hagiographa% $hagioscope% "2 : saints $hagiography% hal- or halo- combining form "F, fr. Gk, fr. hals salt# "1 : of or relating to a salt $halochromism% "2 "ISV, fr. halogen# : halogen $halide% hali- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. hals salt, sea# "1 : sea $haliplankton% "2 : salt : a salt $halisteresis% hamito- combining form, usu cap "Hamitic# : Hamitic and $Hamito-Bantu% $Hamito-Semitic% & usu. with hyphen hapl- or haplo- also apl- or aplo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk hapl-, haplo-, fr. haploos, haplous, haplos, fr. ha- one 'akin to Gk homos same( + -ploos, -plous, -plos multiplied by+ akin to L -plus multiplied by# "1 : single : simple $haploscope% "2 "haploid# : of or relating to the haploid generation or condition hapt- or hapto- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk haptein to fasten# : contact : combination $haptophore% hastato- combining form "NL, fr. hastatus# : hastately : hastate and $hastatolanceolate% $hastatosagittate% hebe- combining form "Gk h"b" youth, pubes# : puberty hecato$hebephrenia% : downy : hairy : pubescent $hebeanthous% hecato- or hecaton- combining form "Gk hekato-, fr. hekaton hundred# : consisting of a hundred : having a hundred $hecatophyllous% hect- or hecto- combining form "F, irreg. fr. Gk hekaton# : hundred $hectare% $hectograph% -hedral adj combining form "NL -hedron + E -al# : having a 'specified( number of surfaces $dihedral% : having a 'specified( kind of surface $euhedral% -hedron n combining form, pl -hedrons or -hedra "NL, fr. Gk -edron, fr. hedra seat# : geometrical figure or crystal having a 'specified( form or number of surfaces $holohedron% $trapezohedron% hedy- combining form "NL, fr. Gk h"dy-, fr. h"dys# : pleasant $hedyphane% !heli- or helio- combining form "L, fr. Gk h"li-, h"lio-, fr. h"lios# : sun $Heliornis% : the sun $heliocentric% $helioscope% : sunlight : solar energy $heliogravure% : sun and $heliolithic% "heli- combining form "by shortening# : helicopter $heliport% $helimail% helic- or helico- combining form "Gk helik-, heliko-, fr. helik-, helix spiral# : helix : spiral $helicine% $helicograph% helleno- combining form, usu cap "Gk hell"no-, fr. Hell"n Greek# "1 : the Greeks $Hellenocentric% $Hellenophile% 2 : Greek and $Helleno-Italic% helminth- or helmintho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. helminth-, helmis intestinal worm, parasitic worm+ akin to Gk eul" worm, maggot, Toch A walyi worms, Gk eilein to wind, roll# "1 : helminth $helminthiasis% $helminthology% "2 : shaped like a worm $helminthosporium% !helo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk helos# : marsh : bog $helobious% $helophyte% "helo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk h"lo-, fr. h"los$ perh. akin to L vallus stake, palisade# : nail $Heloderma% $Helotium% hem- or hemo- or hemi- or haem- or haemo- combining form "MF hemo-, fr. L haem-, haemo-, fr. Gk haim-, haimo-, fr. haima$ perh. akin to ON seimr honeycomb, OHG seim virgin honey, W hufen cream# : blood $hemarthrosis% $hemagglutination% $hemocyte% & the forms haem- or haemo- are preferred in taxonomic names $Haemacanthus% $Haemogregarina% hema- or haema- combining form "NL, fr. Gk haima blood# : ($0- $hemacytometer% $hemapoiesis% & haema- preferred in taxonomic names in biology $Haemastoma% hemat- or hemato- or haemat- or haemato- combining form "L haemat-, haemato-, fr. Gk haimat-, haimato-, fr. haimat-, haima blood & more at ($0-# : ($0- $hematoid% $hematocrit% & the forms haemat- or haemato- are preferred in taxonomic names $Haematozoon% $Haematogaster% hemi- prefix "ME, fr. L, fr. Gk h"mi- & more at #$0+-# "1 : half of+ esp : a lateral half of $hemicentrum% $hemicerebrum% $hemicardia% "2 : relating to or affecting a half 'as a lateral half( of an organ or part or of the whole body $hemiplegia% $hemiatrophy% "3 chem "a : half in respect to combining ratio $hemibasic% "b : having one half of the molecular weight of a 'specified( compound or class of compounds "c : having one half the number of characteristic groups in a 'specified( compound or class of compounds $hemicyanine% "4 crystallog : having one half the number of faces $hemihedron% hendeca- or hendec- combining form "Gk hendeka-, hendek-, fr. hendeka, fr. hen 'neut. of heis one( + deka ten# : eleven $hendecasyllable% $hendecane% heno- combining form "Gk, fr. hen-, heis# : one $henotheism% hepat- or hepato- combining form "ML, fr. L, fr. Gk h"pat-, h"pato-, fr. h"pat-, h"par# "1 : liver $hepatectomy% $hepatology% "2 : liver and : hepatic and $hepatocolic% $hepatosplenomegaly% hepta- or hept- combining form "Gk, fr. hepta# "1 : seven $heptagon% "2 chem : containing seven atoms, groups, or equivalents $heptaacetate% heredo- combining form "NL, fr. L hered-, heres heir# : hereditary : hereditarily $heredoataxia% $heredofamilial% 24 -hood hernio- combining form "F, fr. L hernia# : hernia $herniorrhaphy% $herniotomy% herpet- or herpeto- combining form "partly fr. Gk herpeton animal that goes on all fours, snake, fr. neut. of herpetos creeping, fr. herpein to creep+ partly fr. L herpet-, herpes herpes 'also, a kind of animal, prob. a snake(, fr. Gk herp"t-, herp"s$ partly fr. Gk herpetos creeping# "1 : reptile or reptiles $herpetofauna% $herpetology% "2 : herpes $herpetiform% "3 : creeping $herpetomonas% heter- or hetero- combining form "MF or LL+ MF, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. heteros$ akin to Gk heis, hen one# "1 : other than usual : other : different $heterogeneous% $heterodox% $Heteranthera% & opposed to hom-, is-, orth- "2 : for, from, or to a different species $heteroagglutinin% "3 a : containing atoms of different kinds $heterocyclic% "b : isomeric with or closely related to a 'specified( compound $heteroxanthine% hexa- or hex- combining form "Gk, fr. hex six# "1 : six $hexatomic% "2 : containing six atoms, groups, or equivalents $hexoxide% $hexaacetate% hiberno- combining form, usu cap "Hibernia# "1 : Irish and $Hiberno-Celtic% "2 : Ireland $Hibernology% hidr- or hidro- combining form "NL, fr. Gk hidr&s sweat# : of or by means of perspiration : of the sweat glands $hidradenitis% $hidrocystoma% hier- or hiero- combining form "LL, fr. Gk, fr. hieros powerful, supernatural, holy, sacred# : sacred : holy $hierarchy% $hieroglyph% -hieric adj combining form "Gk hieron 'osteon( sacrum 'fr. hieron & neut. of hieros powerful, sacred & + osteon bone( + E -ic# : having 'such( a sacrum $dolichohieric% $platyhieric% hipp- or hippo- combining form "L, fr. Gk, fr. hippos# : horse $hippogastronomy% $hippuric acid% -hippus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk hippos# : horse & in generic names esp. in paleontology $Eohippus% hispano- combining form, usu cap "Sp hispano, fr. L Hispanus# : Spanish and $Hispano-German% : Spanish $hispanophile% hist- or histo- combining form "F, fr. Gk histos mast, beam of a loom, loom, web, fr. histanai to cause to stand# : tissue $histamine% $histophysiology% histi- or histio- combining form "Gk histion web, cloth, sail, dim. of histos mast, beam of a loom, loom, web & more at (+#*-# "1 : sail $Histiopterus% "2 : tissue $histiocyte% historico- combining form "NL, fr. L historicus# : historical : historical and $historicophilosophical% $historicosocial% historio- combining form "MF, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. historia inquiry, information, narrative, history# : history $historiometric% $historiographer% hol- or holo- combining form "ME holo-, fr. OF, fr. L hol-, holo-, fr. Gk, fr. holos# "1 a : complete : entire : total $holograph% $holoparasite% "b : completely : totally : throughout $holarthritic% $holobranchiate% $holoaxial% $holocrystalline% "c : without division : forming one piece $holognathous% $holorhinal% "2 a : similar : homogeneous $holomorph% "b : similarly : homogeneously $hologamous% hom- or homo- combining form "L, fr. Gk, fr. homos# "1 : one and the same : similar : alike $homogeneous% $homonym% & opposed to heter- "2 : from the same species : corresponding in type of structure $homograft% $homolysin% homal- or homalo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. homalos$ akin to Gk homos same# "1 : flat : even $homalosternal% "2 : equal $homalographic% home- or homeo- or homoe- or homoeo- also homoi- or homoiocombining form "L * Gk+ L homoeo-, fr. Gk homoi-, homoio-, fr. homoios, fr. homos same# "1 : like : similar $homeopathy% $homoeography% $homoiothermic% "2 : containing homeotic genes or their products $homeodomain% homin- or homini- combining form "L homin-, homo# : man : human $hominine% $hominiform% $hominisection% -hood n suffix -# "ME -hod, -hode, fr. OE -h+d$ akin to OFris * OS -h"d, suffix denoting state or condition, OHG -heit$ all fr. a prehistoric Gmc word represented by OE h+d person, rank, state, condition, OHG heit person, rank, state, condition, ON hoploheithr honor, Goth haidus manner, way+ akin to OE h+dor bright, clear, OHG heitar, ON heithr, and prob. to L caesius bluish gray, caelum sky, heaven, Skt citra variegated, bright, ketu brightness, light+ basic meaning: bright# "1 : state : condition : quality : character $boyhood% $girlhood% $hardihood% $unlikelihood% "2 : an instance of a specified state, condition, quality, or character $falsehood% "3 : individuals sharing a specified state, condition, quality, or character $brotherhood% hoplo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk hopl-, hoplo- tool, weapon, piece of armor, fr. hoplon# : heavily armed : having powerful offensive members & used chiefly in zoological taxa $Hoplonemertea% humero- combining form "ISV, fr. NL humerus# : humeral and $humerodorsal% hy- or hyo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk hyo- upsilon '0, 1(, fr. y, hy upsilon# "1 : connecting with the hyoid arch $hyoglossus% 2 : hyoid and $hyothyroid% hyal- or hyalo- combining form "LL, glass, fr. Gk, fr. hyalos transparent stone, glass# "1 : glass : glassy $hyalescent% $hyalocrystalline% "2 : transparent or translucent substance $hyalogen% hydat- or hydato- combining form "prob. fr. NL, fr. Gk, fr. hydat-, hyd&r# : water $Hydatina% $hydatogenesis% hydr- or hydro- combining form "alter. 'influenced by L hydr-, hydro-( of ME ydr-, ydro-, fr. OF ydr- * MF ydro-, fr. L hydr-, hydro-, fr. Gk, fr. hyd&r# "1 a : water $hydrogel% $hydroelectricity% "b : hydraulic $hydropress% "2 : water-loving organism & chiefly in generic names $Hydracarina% $Hydrodictyon% "3 a : hydrogen : containing hydrogen $hydriodic acid% $hydroborate% "b now usu hydro- : combined with hydrogen & esp. in names of organic compounds $hydroquinidine% "c : combined with water by hydration $hydracrylic acid% or by hydrolysis $hydrocellulose% "4 : characterized by an accumulation of fluid in a 'specified( bodily part $hydronephrosis% "5 a : combined with water & in names of minerals $hydrohetaerolite% b : characterized by addition of water or its constituents & in names of varieties of minerals $hydromica% "6 "NL, fr. Hydra 'genus of polyps(# : hydroid $hydromedusa% $hydrorhiza% hydroxy- or hydrox- combining form "ISV, fr. hydroxyl, fr. E# : hydroxyl : containing hydroxyl esp. in place of hydrogen & in names of chemical compounds or radicals $hydroxyalkyl% $hydroxamic acids% hyet- or hyeto- combining form "Gk, fr. hyetos$ akin to Gk hyei it is raining# : rain $hyetal% $hyetometer% $hyetography% hygr- also hygro- combining form "Gk, fr. hygros moist, wet# "1 : humidity : moisture : moist $hygric% $hygrostat% $hygrophobia% $hygrophyte% "2 : moisture and : of or relating to moisture and $hygrothermal% hyl- or hylo- combining form "Gk, wood, matter, fr. hyl" wood, forest, material, matter# "1 : matter : material $hylomorphism% $hylomorphous% "2 : wood $hylophagous% : forest $Hylocichla% hyo- combining form "L * Gk+ L, fr. Gk, fr. hys swine# : derived from or related to swine $hyodeoxycholic% hyper- prefix "alter. 'influenced by L hyper-( of ME iper-, fr. LL hyper-, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. hyper# "1 : over : above : beyond : #!4$)- $hyperbarbarous% $hyperemphasis% "2 : overmuch : excessively : $6*)%- $hypercritical% $hypersensitive% "3 a : excessive in extent or quality $hyperesthesia% $hyperemesis% b : located above $hyperapophysis% "4 in ancient Greek music a : being the upper octave in a disdiapason $hyperlydian% b of an interval : measured upward $hyperdiapason% "5 : that is or exists in a space of more than three dimensions $hypercube% $hyperspace% "6 : bridging points within an entity 'as a database or network( non-sequentially $hyperlink% $hypertext% hypho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk hyph", hyphos web# : web : tissue $hyphodrome% hypn- or hypno- combining form "F hypn-, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. hypnos sleep# "1 : sleep $hypnagogic% "2 : hypnotism $hypnogenesis% hypo- or hyp- prefix "alter. 'influenced by LL hypo-, hyp-( of 25 -ical ME ypo-, fr. OF, fr. LL hypo-, hyp-, fr. Gk, fr. hypo# "1 : under : beneath : down $hypoblast% $hypodermic% "2 : less than normal or normally $hypocalcemia% $hypochromia% $hypochlorhydric% $hyposensitive% "3 : in a lower state of oxidation : in a low usu. the lowest position in a series of compounds $hypovanadous% $hypoxanthine% "4 a in ancient Greek music '1( : being the lower octave in a disdiapason $hypolydian% "'2( of an interval : measured downward $hypodiapason% "b in medieval music : being in a plagal mode $hypodorian% hyps- or hypsi- or hypso- combining form "in sense 1, fr. Gk, fr. hypsos$ in sense 2, fr. Gk, fr. hypsi$ Gk hypsos * Gk hypsi akin to Gk hypo under# "1 : height $hypsography% "2 : on high : aloft $hypsicephalic% $hypsodont% hyster- or hystero- combining form "F or L+ F hystér-, fr. MF, fr. L hyster-, fr. Gk, fr. hystera womb# "1 : womb $hysterectomy% $hysteromyoma% "2 "NL, fr. hysteria# "a : hysteria $hysterogenic% "b : hysteria and $hysteroneurasthenia% !-ia n suffix "NL, fr. L * Gk, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns# "1 -# : pathological condition $pneumonia% $hysteria% $diphtheria% "2 : genus of plants or animals $Wistaria% $Osmia% "-ia n pl suffix "NL, fr. L 'neut. pl. of -ius, adj. ending( * Gk, neut. pl. of -ios, adj. ending# "1 : taxonomic division 'as class, order( of plants or animals $Cryptogamia% $Mammalia% "2 : things belonging to or derived from or relating to 'something specified( $Marylandia% $tabloidia% -ial adj suffix "ME, fr. MF -iel, -ial, fr. L -ialis, fr. -i- + -alis -al# : ,-%. $manorial% -iasis n suffix, pl -iases "NL, fr. L, fr. Gk, suffix of action, fr. verbs in -ian, -iazein 'fr. nouns in -ia -y( + -sis# : morbid state or condition : disease having characteristics of 'something specified( $elephantiasis% $satyriasis% : disease produced by 'something specified( $ancylostomiasis% $habronemiasis% -iatric also -iatrical adj combining form "-iatric fr. NL -iatria -iatry + E -ic$ -iatrical fr. -iatric + -al# : of or relating to medical treatment : of or relating to healing $hydriatric% $psychiatric% -iatrist n combining form -# "-iatry + -ist# : physician : healer $psychiatrist% $podiatrist% iatro- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. iatros physician# "1 : physician : medicine : healing $iatrology% $iatrogenic% "2 : physician and $iatrochemist% : medicine or healing and $iatrophysics% $iatro-astrological% -iatry n combining form -$# "F -iatrie, fr. NL -iatria, fr. Gk iatreia art or action of healing, fr. iatros physician + -eia -y# : medical treatment : healing $podiatry% $gyniatry% $psychiatry% ibero- combining form, usu cap "L Iberus, Hiberus# : Iberian : Iberian and $Ibero-American% !-ic adj suffix "ME -ik, -ic, fr. OF * L+ OF -ique, fr. L -icus & more at -1# "1 : having the character or form of : being $panoramic% $rhombic% $Samoyedic% : consisting of $runic% 2 a : of or relating to $aldermanic% $daturic% $Koranic% "b : related to, derived from, or containing $alcoholic% & esp. in names of acids and related compounds $boric% $cinammic% $oleic% "3 : in the manner of : like that of : characteristic of $Byronic% $quixotic% $Puritanic% "4 : associated or dealing with $Vedic% : utilizing $electronic% $atomic% "5 : characterized by : exhibiting $nostalgic% : affected with $allergic% $paraplegic% "6 : caused by $amoebic% "7 : tending to produce $analgesic% "8 : having the highest valence of a 'specified( element or a valence relatively higher than in compounds or ions named with an adjective ending in -ous $ferric iron% $sulfuric acid% & compare ,-%*$ 2 "-ic n suffix -# "ME -ik, -ic, fr. OF * L+ OF -ique, fr. L -icus, fr. -icus 'adj. suffix(# : one having the character or nature of : one belonging to or associated with : one exhibiting or affected by $glyconic% : one that produces $ecbolic% -ical adj suffix "ME, fr. LL -icalis 'as in clericalis clerical, grammaticalis grammatical, radicalis radical(# : -+& $cosmical% $fantastical% & sometimes differing from -ic in that adjectives formed with -ical have a wider or more transferred semantic -ice range than corresponding adjectives in -ic $economical : economic% $prophetical : prophetic% -ice n suffix -# "ME -ice, -ise, fr. OF, fr. L -itius 'masc.(, -itia 'fem.(, -itium 'neut.(, suffixes forming adjectives and nouns+ akin to Gk -sios, Skt -tya# : act $service% : quality $justice% : condition $cowardice% ichn- or ichno- combining form "Gk, fr. ichnos# : footprint : track $ichnology% ichthy- or ichthyo- combining form "L, fr. Gk, fr. ichthys# : fish $ichthyic% $ichthyology% -ichthys n combining form "NL, fr. Gk ichthys# : fish & in generic names chiefly in ichthyology $Dinichthys% $Nemichthys% -ician n suffix -# "ME -icien, -ician, fr. OF -icien, fr. L -ica 'as in rhetorica rhetoric( + OF -ien -ian# : a specialist or practitioner in a 'specified( field $beautician% $technician% icon- or icono- also eikon- or eikono- or ikon- or ikono- combining form "Gk eikon-, eikono-, fr. eikon-, eik&n# : image $iconism% $iconomania% $iconometry% icosa- also icosi- or icos- combining form "Gk eikosa-, eikosi-, eikos-, fr. eikosi# : twenty $icosahedron% !-id n suffix -# "in sense 1, fr. L -ides, masc. patronymic suffix, fr. Gk -id"s$ in sense 2, fr. It -ide, fr. L -id-, -is, fem. patronymic suffix, fr. Gk+ in sense 3, fr. F -ide, fr. L -id-, -is, fem. patronymic suffix# "1 a : one belonging to a 'specified( natural group or line of descent $Melanesid% $Australid% "b : one belonging to a 'specified( dynastic line $Fatimid% "2 a : meteor associated with or radiating from a 'specified( constellation or comet $Perseid% "b : variable star of a 'specified( source or type $Cepheid% "3 also -ide : skin rash caused by 'something specified( $bacterid% $syphilid% "-id adj suffix : of, relating to, or characteristic of a 'specified( natural group or line of descent $pre-Mongolid artifacts% $-id n suffix -# "prob. fr. L -id-, -is, formative element of some nouns, fr. Gk# "1 : structural element of a lower molar or premolar $protoconid% "2 : structure, body, or particle of a 'specified( kind $chromatid% -ida n pl suffix "NL 'neut. pl. in form(, fr. L- ides, patronymic suffix# : animals that are or have the form of & in names of higher taxa 'as orders and classes( $Scorpionida% $Acarida% $Beroida% & -idan n or adj suffix -idae n pl suffix "NL, fr. L 'pl. of -ides, masc. patronymic suffix(, fr. Gk -idai, pl. of -id"s, masc. patronymic suffix# : members of the family of & in patronymic group names $Alcmaeonidae% $Homeridae% $Seleucidae%+ in names of families of animals substituted for the last syllable of the genitive case of the name of the type genus $Aphididae from Aphis% $Equidae from Equus% -ide also -id n suffix -# "G * F+ G -id, fr. F -ide 'as in oxide(# "1 : binary chemical compound or compound regarded as binary & added to contracted name of the nonmetallic or more electronegative element $iron oxide% $hydrogen sulfide% or radical $amide% $ethoxide% "2 a : chemical compound derived from or related to another 'usu. specified( compound $anhydride% $glycolide% $phthalide% "b : acetal derivative of a sugar & in names of glycosides replacing final -e of the name of the sugar $arabinoside% $cerebroside%+ compare -'#+-$ "3 : one of a class of organic esp. naturally occurring compounds $phosphatide% $peptide% $saccharide% "4 : chemical elements of a series of metallic elements of increasing atomic numbers $actinide% $lanthanide% -idea n pl suffix "NL 'neut. pl. in form(, fr. Gk -ideus, n. suffix with quasi-patronymic value# : animals that are or have the form of & in names of higher taxa $Caridea% $Phoronidea% ideo- combining form "F idéo-, fr. Gk idea# : idea $ideocrat% $ideogenetic% $ideology% -idin or -idine n suffix -# "ISV (-ide + -in, -ine# : chemical compound related in origin or structure to another compound: as a usu -idin : aglycon of a glycoside $pelargonidin from pelargonin% "b usu -idine : completely hydrogenated form of a cyclic base $pyrrolidine from pyrrole% $thiazolidine from thiazole% "c usu -idine : base obtained otherwise than by 26 in- hydrogenation $toluidine or tolidine from toluene% $guanidine from guanine% idio- combining form "Gk, fr. idios# "1 : one)s own : personal : separate : distinct $idiotype% $idiosyncrasy% "2 : self-produced : arising within $idiolysin% $idioreflex% $idiopathic% $idioventricular rhythm% -idium also -idion n suffix, pl -idiums or -idia also idions "NL, fr. Gk -idion, dim. suffix# : small one : lesser one $antheridium% $chromidium% idolo- also eidolo- combining form "LL * Gk+ LL idolo-, fr. Gk eid&lo-, fr. eid&lon# : idol : image $idolocracy% $idolomania% $idoloclastic% -idrosis n combining form, pl -idroses "NL, fr. Gk -idr&sis, fr. hidr&sis act of sweating, fr. hidroun to sweat 'fr. hidr&s sweat( + -sis# : a specified form of sweating $chromidrosis% $bromidrosis% $hyperidrosis% -ie also -y or -ey n suffix, pl -ies or -eys "ME 'Sc( -ie# "1 a : little one : dear little one $birdie% $bootie% $Jeanie% "b & in names of articles of feminine apparel $nightie% $pantie% "2 : one belonging to : one having to do with $bookie% $deckie% $hackie% $townie% "3 : one of 'such( a kind or quality $biggie% $cutie% $smartie% $toughie% $darkey% -ier n suffix -# "MF, fr. L -arius, adj. suffix# : person belonging to, connected with, or engaged in $cashier% $gondolier% -iferous adj combining form "ME, fr. L -ifer 'fr. -i- + -fer( * MF -ifere 'fr. L -ifer( + ME -ous & more at -:$)# : -:$)'!# -iform adj combining form "MF * L+ MF -iforme, fr. L -iformis, fr. -i- + -formis -form# : -:')0 -iformes n pl combining form "NL, fr. L, masc. * fem. pl. of -iformis -iform# : ones having 'such a( form & in taxonomic names of animals $Anseriformes% -ify vb suffix -$-5-+"/5-$# "ME -ifien, fr. OF -ifier, fr. L -ificare, fr. -i- + -ficare -fy# : -:1 -igerous adj combining form "L -iger 'fr. -i- + -ger -gerous( + E -ous# : -/$)'!# igni- combining form "L, fr. ignis# : fire : burning $igniferous% $ignipuncture% -il also -ile n suffix -# "G -il * F -ile, prob. fr. F -ile * L -ilis -ile, adj. suffix# : substance related to 'something specified( $benzil% ile- also ileo- combining form "NL ileum# "1 : ileum $ileostomy% 2 : ileal and $ileocecal% !-ile adj suffix "ME, fr. MF, fr. L -ilis# : of, relating to, suited for, or capable of $contractile% $expansile% "-ile n suffix -# "prob. fr. -ile 'as in quartile, n. & quartile aspect & and sextile, n.(# : segment of a 'specified( size in a frequency distribution $centile% $decile% ilio- combining form "NL ilium# : iliac and $iliocostal% $iliopelvic% -illa n suffix, pl -illae or -illas "NL, alter. of L -ella# : -$..% $Spongilla% immuno- combining form "ISV, fr. immune# "1 : physiological immunity $immunology% "2 : immunologic $immunochemistry% : immunologically $immunocompatible% : immunology and $immunogenetics% !in- or il- or im- or ir- prefix "ME, fr. MF, OF, * L+ ME in- fr. OF, fr. L+ ME il- fr. MF, fr. L, fr. in-$ ME im- fr. OF, fr. L, fr. in-$ ME ir- fr. OF, fr. L, fr. in-$ akin to OE un- & more at !"-# : not : "'"-, !"- & usu. il- before l $illogical% and im- before b, m, or p $imbalance% $immoral% $improvident% and irbefore r $irreducible% and in- before other sounds $inactive% $inapt% $inconclusive% "in- or il- or im- or ir- prefix "ME, fr. OF, MF, * L+ ME in- fr. OF in-, en-, fr. L in-, fr. in in, into+ ME il- fr. MF, fr. L, fr. in$ ME im- fr. MF im-, em-, fr. L im-, fr. in$ ME ir- fr. L, fr. in# 1 : in : within : inward : into : toward : on $implode% $irradicate% "2 : ,$"- $illucidate% $imbarn% $immarble% $impanel% $imperil% $inspirit% & in both senses usu. il- before l, imbefore b, m, or p, ir- before r, and in- before other sounds $in- or ino- combining form "NL in-, fr. Gk, tendon, fr. in-, is$ prob. akin to L vi"re to plait# : fiber : fibrous tissue $initis% $inogen% -in -in n suffix -# "F -ine, fr. L -ina 'with long '(, fem. of -inus 'with long '( of or belonging to & more at -+"$# "1 a : neutral chemical compound or compound not distinctly basic or acidic $picrotoxin% $hematoporphyrin% & esp. in names of glycerides $acetin% $stearin%, glycosides $amygdalin% $quercitrin%, proteins $gelatin% $insulin%, and 6-membered heterocyclic compounds $dioxin%+ usu. distinguished from -ine "b : enzyme $emulsi7n% $myrosin% & compare -%#$ "c : antibiotic $penicillin% $streptomycin% "2 : --+"$ 2a, 2b & not used systematically "3 : pharmaceutical product $niacin% $aspirin% -in n combining form -# "in 'as in sit-in(# "1 : organized public protest by means of or in favor of : demonstration $teach-in% $love-in% "2 : public group activity $swim-in% !-ina n suffix, pl -ina "NL, fr. L, fem. sing. and neut. pl. of -inus 'with long '( ,-ine# : one or ones related to, resembling, or characterized by & in taxonomic names in biology $Acarina% $Clathrina% $Fistulina% "-ina also -ine n suffix -# "prob. fr. It -ina 'dim. suffix(, fr. L -ina 'with long '(, fem. of -inus 'with long '( ,-ine# "1 : musical instrument $concertina% $seraphine% "2 : musical device $aeoline% -inae n pl suffix "NL, fr. L, fem. pl. of -inus -ine# : members of the subfamily of & in recent classifications substituted for the last syllable of the genitive case of the name of the type genus in all names of zoological subfamilies $Felinae% $Meliponinae% incud- or incudo- combining form "NL incud-, incus# : incus : incus and $incudectomy% $incudomalleal% !ind- or indo- combining form, usu cap "Gk, India, of or connected with India, fr. indos of or connected with India, fr. Indos India 'subcontinent in southern Asia(, Indus 'river in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent(# "1 : India or the East Indies $Indophile% : of or connected with India or the East Indies $indaconitine% $Indo-Briton% $Indo-African% 2 : of or connected with the Indus river $Indo-Gangetic% "3 : Indo-European $Indo-Hittite% "ind- or indi- or indo- combining form "ISV, fr. L indicum# "1 : indigo $indole% $indirubin% $indophenin% "2 : resembling indigo 'as in color( $indamine% $indophenol% !-ine adj suffix "ME -ine, -in, fr. MF -in * L -inus 'with long '(, -inus 'with short ĭ(+ MF -in partly fr. L -inus 'with long '( of or belonging to+ MF -in partly fr. L -inus 'with short ĭ( made of, of or belonging to, fr. Gk -inos & more at -$"# "1 : of, belonging to, or relating to $estuarine% "2 : made of : like $opaline% "-ine n suffix -# "ME -ine, -in, fr. MF * L+ MF -ine, fr. L -ina 'with long '(, fem. of -inus 'with long '( of or belonging to# "1 : ,-+*$ 4 $hatchettine% "2 : chemical substance: as "a : chemical element & in names of the halogens $astatine% $chlorine% b '1( : basic carbon compound & in names of alkaloids $quinine% or other organic nitrogenous bases $aniline% $guanidine% including six-membered ring compounds $pyridine% and intermediate hydrogenated forms of cyclic compounds $pyrroline% $thiazoline%+ usu. distinguished from -in "'2( : carbon compound containing a basic group & in names of amino acids $glycine% $cystine% "c : mixture of chemical compounds & esp. in commercial names 'as of mixtures of hydrocarbons( $gasoline% $kerosine% "d : -1"$ "e : hydride $arsine% 3 : -+" 1a & not used systematically "4 : commercial product or material $glassine% $-ine n suffix -# "ME -ina, -ine, -in 'in feminine given names(, fr. OE -ina 'in feminine given names(, fr. L -ina 'with long ', in feminine names such as Agrippina(, fr. fem. of -inus 'with long '( of or belonging to# : female person $chorine% $dudine% -ineae n pl suffix "NL, fr. L, fem. pl. of -ineus 'as in gramineus gramineous(# : plants including those of 'such( a genus $Abietineae% : plants characterized by 'such( a feature $Dinocapsineae% & in names of botanical suborders infero- combining form "L inferus low, situated beneath# "1 : on the underside $inferobranchiate% "2 : below and $inferolateral% 27 inter- infra- prefix "L infra below, underneath# "1 a : below : lower in status than & esp. in adjectives formed from adjectives $infrahuman% "b : after : later than $infralapsarian% "2 : within & esp. in adjectives formed from adjectives $infraterritorial% "3 : below in a scale or series & esp. in adjectives formed from adjectives $infrared% "4 : below or beneath 'a designated part of the anatomy( & esp. in adjectives formed from adjectives $infracostal% !-ing vb suffix or adj suffix "ME -inge, -ing, alter. 'influenced by -inge .-ing( of -inde, -ende, fr. OE -ende, fr. -e- 'vowel historically belonging to the verb stem( + -nde, pres. part. suffix & more at -%"*# & used to form the present participle $going% $sailing% and sometimes to form an adjective resembling a present participle but not derived from a verb $hulking% $swashbuckling%+ regularly accompanied by omission of final postconsonantal e of the base word $hoping% $loving%, change of final ie of the base word to y $tying%, or doubling of the final consonant of the base word immediately after a short stressed vowel $hopping% $planning% "-ing n suffix -# "ME, fr. OE -ing, -ung one of a 'specified( kind, one belonging to, one descended from+ akin to OHG -ing one of a 'specified( kind, one belonging to, one descended from, ON -ingr, -ungr, Goth -ings one of a 'specified( kind# : one of a 'specified( kind $sweeting% $wilding% $-ing n suffix -# "ME -inge, -ing 'in early ME a suffix forming nouns from verbs, in later ME becoming also a gerundial suffix(, fr. OE -ung, -ing, suffix forming nouns from verbs+ akin to OHG -unga, -ung, suffix forming nouns from verbs, ON -ing, suffix forming nouns from verbs, -ung, suffix forming nouns from nouns# "1 : action or process $becoming% $drawing% $running% $sleeping% $washing% : instance of an action or process $a blessing% $a meeting% $my comings and goings% & in nouns formed from any fully inflected verb and functioning either as gerunds capable of being modified by an adverb and capable of having an object if the base verb is transitive $after casually reading the letter twice% or as ordinary nouns $after two casual readings of the letter% "2 : something connected with an action or process: "a : product, accompaniment, or result of an action or process $an engraving% $a painting% & in nouns formed from verbs+ often in plural $earnings% $leavings% $shavings% "b : something used in an action or process $a bed covering% $the lining of a coat% & in nouns, esp. collectives $carpeting% $housing% $rigging% $shipping%, formed from verbs "3 : action or process connected with 'a specified thing( $blackberrying% $capitaling% & in nouns formed from nouns "4 : something connected with, consisting of, or used in making 'a specified thing( $sacking% $scaffolding% $shirting% & in nouns, esp. collectives, formed from nouns "5 : something related to 'a specified concept( $offing% & in nouns formed from parts of speech other than verbs and nouns+ regularly accompanied by omission of final postconsonantal e of the base word, change of final ie of the base word to y, or doubling of the final consonant of the base word immediately after a short stressed vowel -ini n pl suffix "NL, fr. L, masc. pl. of -inus -ine# : animals that are or have the form of & in names of higher taxa esp. of tribes and orders $Anacanthini% insecti- combining form "L insectum# : insect $insectiferous% $insectifuge% integri- combining form "L, fr. integr-, integer# : whole : entire $integrifolious% $integripalliate% inter- prefix "ME inter-, entre-, enter-$ ME inter-, fr. MF * L+ MF, fr. L, fr. inter$ ME entre-, fr. OF, fr. L inter-$ ME enter-, fr. MF * L+ MF entre-, fr. OF, fr. L inter-$ akin to OHG untar between, among, ON ithrar, pl., intestines, OIr etar, eter between, among, Gk enteron intestine, Skt antar between, within, in, and OE in# "1 : between, among, in the midst $intermediate% $interpolar% $interspace% "2 : mutual, reciprocal $intermarry% $intermesh% $interrelation% $intertwine% "3 : between or among the parts of $intercostal% $interdental% "4 : carried on between $intercollegiate% $intercommunication% $international% "5 : occurring between : intervening $inter- intermedioglacial% $intertidal% "6 : shared by or derived from two or more $interdepartmental% $interfaith% "7 : between the limits of : within $intertropical% intermedio- combining form "L intermedius# : intermediate and $intermediolateral% intra- prefix "LL, fr. L intra within, fr. 'assumed( OL interus inward, on the inside# "1 a : within & esp. in adjectives formed from adjectives $intracosmical% $intraglacial% $intracellular% $intra-European% "b : during & esp. in adjectives formed from adjectives $intranatal% $intrafebrile% $intrapyretic% $intravital% "c : between layers of & esp. in adjectives formed from adjectives $intracutaneous% "d : underneath & esp. in adjectives formed from adjectives $intradural% "2 : +"*)'- $an intramuscular injection% $intravenation% $intracerebral% "3 : internal $intraselection% intro- prefix "ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. intro, adv., inwardly, to the inside, fr. 'assumed( OL interus inward, on the inside# "1 : in : into $introjection% "2 : inward : within $introactive% $introflex% $introreception% & opposed to extroiod- or iodo- combining form "F iode iodine# : iodine $iodhydrate% $iodoform% -ion n suffix -# "ME -ioun, -ion, -iun, fr. OF -ion, -iun, fr. L -ion-, -io# "1 a : act or process $acidulation% $rebellion% "b : result of an act or process $construction% "2 a : state or condition $subjection% "b : thing acted upon or conditioned $ambition% ionto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk iont-, i&n, pres. part. of ienai to go# : ion $iontoquantimeter% $iontotherapy% -ious adj suffix "ME, partly fr. OF -ious, -ios, -ieus, -ieux, fr. L -iosus, fr. -i- 'penultimate vowel in nouns such as religio religion, malitia malice, species species, appearance, spatium space( + -osus -ose, and partly fr. L -ius 'final portion of the nom. sing. masc. form of adjectives such as meritorius that brings in money(# : -'!# $edacious% irano- combining form, usu cap "Iran# : Iranian and $Irano-British% irid- or irido- combining form "L irid-, iris# "1 : rainbow $iridal% $iridescent% "2 "NL irid-, iris# : iris of the eye $iridectomy% $iridoparalysis% : iris and $iridocyclitis% "3 "iridescent# : iridescent $iridize% $iridocyte% "4 "NL Irid-, Iris# : the genus Iris $iridin% "5 "NL iridium# : iridium : iridium and $iridosmine% is- or iso- combining form "LL, fr. Gk, fr. isos equal# "1 : equal : homogeneous : uniform $isenergic% $isacoustic% $isocephaly% $isotype% "2 usu iso- : for or from different individuals of the same species $isoantigen% $isoantibody% ischi- or ischio- combining form "L ischi-, fr. Gk, fr. ischion hip joint# "1 : ischium $ischialgia% $ischiopodite% "2 : ischial and $ischiocaudal% "3 : resembling a hip joint $ischiocerite% -ise vb suffix : -+;$ & see spelling note 2.10 on page 24a of Webster!s Third New International Dictionary -ish adj suffix "ME, fr. OE -isc$ akin to OHG -isc, -isk -ish, ON -skr, Goth -isks -ish, Gk -iskos, dim. n. suffix# "1 : of or belonging to & chiefly in adjectives indicating nationality or ethnic group $Finnish% $Gaulish% $Turkish% "2 a : characteristic or typical of $boyish% $Londonish% : having the undersirable qualities of $amateurish% $mulish% "b : inclined or liable to $bookish% $qualmish% $mopish% "c '1( : having a touch or trace of $summerish% : somewhat $purplish% $latish% "'2( : having the approximate age of $fortyish% "'3( : being or occurring at the approximate time of & esp. in words formed from numerals indicating an hour of the day or night $fiveish% $eightish% -ism n suffix -# "ME -isme, fr. MF * L+ MF -isme, partly fr. L -isma 'fr. Gk(, * partly fr. L -ismus, fr. Gk -ismos# "1 a : act, practice, or process & esp. in nouns corresponding to verbs in -ize $criticism% $hypnotism% $plagiarism% "b : manner of action or behavior characteristic of a 'specified( person or thing $animalism% $Micawberism% "2 a : state, condition, or property $barbarianism% $polymorphism% "b : abnormal state or condition resulting from excess of a 'specified( thing $alcoholism% $morphinism% "c : abnormal state or condition characterized by resemblance to a 'specified( person or thing $mongolism% "3 a : doctrine, theory, or cult $Buddhism% 28 -itis $Calvinism% $Platonism% $salvationism% $vegetarianism% "b : adherence to a system or a class of principles $neutralism% $realism% $socialism% $stoicism% "4 : characteristic or peculiar feature or trait $colloquialism% $Latinism% $poeticism% !-ist n suffix, pl -ists "ME -iste, fr. OF * L+ OF -iste, fr. L -ista, fr. Gk -ist"s, fr. -is- 'fr. verb stems in -izein -ize( + -t"s 'suffix forming agent nouns(# "1 a : one that does : one that performs a 'specified( action $cyclist% $balloonist% $duellist% : one that makes or produces $novelist% $syllogist% "b : one that plays a 'specified( musical instrument $organist% $violinist% "c : one that operates a 'specified( mechanical instrument or contrivance $telegraphist% "2 a : one that practices or studies or specializes in a 'specified( art or science or particular field of knowledge or particular skill $geologist% $mythologist% $algebraist% $ventriloquist% "b '1( : one that is usu. professionally occupied with or interested in $fashionist% $colorist% "'2( : one that toys with or dabbles in $controvertist% $speculatist% 3 : one that professes or adheres to or advocates a 'specified( doctrine or theory or system or policy or code of behavior or procedure $deist% $socialist% $royalist% $hedonist% $purist% or that supports the doctrine or theory or system or policy or code of behavior or procedure of a 'specified( individual $Calvinist% $Darwinist% $Hitlerist% & esp. in nouns corresponding to nouns in -ism "4 : one that is marked by $pessimist% $fatalist% & esp. in nouns corresponding to nouns in -ism "-ist adj suffix : of, relating to, or characteristic of 'something indicated( $dilettantist% -istic also -istical adj suffix "-istic fr. MF * L * Gk+ MF -istique, fr. L -isticus, fr. Gk -istikos, fr. -ist"s -ist + -ikos -ic+ -istical fr. MF -istique * L -isticus * Gk -istikos + E -al# : of, relating to, or characteristic of $panoistic% & often in adjectives corresponding to nouns in -ism or nouns in -ist $altruistic% ital- or italo- combining form, usu cap "Ital- fr. L Italus$ Italofr. It or L+ It, fr. italo, fr. L Italus# : Italian : Italian and $Italo-Austrian% !-ite n suffix -# "ME, fr. OF * L+ OF, fr. L -ita, -ites, fr. Gk -it"s 'n. * adj. suffix(# "1 a : native : inhabitant : resident $Gothamite% $Brooklynite% $New Hampshirite% : occupant : dweller $flatite% $trailerite% "b : descendant : offspring $Adamite% "c '1( : adherent : follower : supporter $Jacobite% : advocate $Darwinite% : devotee $Browningite% "'2( : member of a 'specified( group or organization or movement $Campbellite% "2 a '1( : substance produced through some 'specified( process $anabolite% $catabolite% "'2( : commercially manufactured product $ebonite% $lyddite% $vulcanite% "b : -+*'. & esp. in commercial names $dulcite% "3 "NL -ites, fr. L# : fossil $corallite% $filicite% "4 : mineral $erythrite% : rock $chromitite% "5 "F, fr. L -ita, -ites# : segment or constituent part of a body or of a bodily part $somite% $dendrite% "-ite n suffix -# "F, alter. of -ate 'fr. NL -atum( & more at -%*$# : salt or ester of an acid with a name ending in -ous $nitrite% $sulfite% -ites n suffix, pl -ites "NL & more at ,-ite# : organism or fossil like 'a specified group( or from 'an indicated place( & chiefly in generic names usu. of fossils $Agavites% $Malayites% -itic adj suffix "F -itique, fr. MF, fr. L iticus, fr. Gk -itikos, fr. -itis 'n. * adj. suffix( + -ikos -ic# : of, resembling, or marked by & in adjectives formed from nouns usu. ending in -ite $dendritic% and -itis $bronchitic% and sometimes from other nouns $dactylitic% -itious adj suffix "L -icius, -itius, adjective suffix added to the base of a noun or past participle# : of, relating to, or having the characteristics or properties of 'something specified( $cementitious% -itis n suffix, pl -itises also -itides sometimes -ites "NL, fr. L * Gk+ L, fr. Gk, n. * adj. suffix# "1 : disease usu. inflammatory of a 'specified( part or organ : inflammation of $laryngitis% $bronchitis% $appendicitis% $neuritis% "2 pl usu -itises "a '1( : malady arising from 'something specified( $too-much-moneyitis% $vacationitis% "'2( : affliction with 'something speci- -itol fied( : forced endurance or suffering of $televisionitis% & chiefly in nonce formations "b '1( : tendency esp. when excessive to or toward 'something specified( : marked proneness to $accidentitis% "'2( : marked fondness for or obsession with 'something specified( : weakness for : infatuation with $adjectivitis% $jazzitis% "'3( : excessive concern for or promotion or advocacy of or reliance on 'something specified( $educationitis% & chiefly in nonce formations "c : quality or state of being marked to an often excessive degree by certain typical characteristics of 'something specified( $big-businessitis% & chiefly in nonce formations -itol n suffix -# "ISV -it- 'fr. (-ite0 + -ol# : polyhydroxy alcohol usu. related to a sugar $mannitol% $inositol% -ity n suffix -$# "ME -ite, fr. OF or L+ OF -ité, fr. L -itat-, -itas, fr. -i- 'thematic or, rarely, connective vowel( + -tat-, -tas -ty# : quality : state : degree $asininity% $theatricality% -ium n suffix "1 -# "NL, perh. after such words as L medium# "a '1( : chemical element $sodium% $uranium% "'2( : chemical radical $ammonium% "b : an ion having a positive charge & in names of complex cations 'as those derived from an organic base( $imidazolium "C*H.N#H#+% $pyridinium% $nitrosylium NO+%+ compare -'"+!0 "2 pl -iums also -ia "NL, fr. L, fr. Gk -ion 'n. suffix, often of diminutive force(# : small one : mass & esp. in biological terms $onchium% $pollinium% -ive adj suffix "ME -if, -ive, fr. MF * L+ MF -if, fr. L -ivus$ akin to 'assumed( Gk -eiwos 'whence Gk -eios -ive(# : that performs or tends toward or serves to accomplish an 'indicated( action esp. regularly or lastingly $amusive% $coordinative% -ization also -isation n suffix -# "-ize or -ise + -ation# : action or process $desulfurization% $euchromatization% $conization% : state or result $dimerization% $immiserization% -ize vb suffix -$-5-+"/5-# see spelling note 2.10 on page 24a of Webster!s Third New International Dictionary "ME -isen, fr. OF -iser, fr. LL -izare, fr. Gk -izein# "1 a '1( : to cause to be or become or conform to or be like or resemble 'something specified( $systemize% $americanize% $liquidize% : cause to be formed into $unionize% $diphthongize% "'2( : to subject to action by or treatment of 'something specified( $criticize% : subject to a 'specified( action $plagiarize% "'3( : to cause to have or appear to have some 'specified( quality $rationalize% : act upon in such a way as to produce a 'specified( result in $brutalize% $commercialize% "'4( : to impregnate or treat or combine with 'something specified( $albuminize% $hydrogenize% "'5( : to adapt to 'something specified( : modify by means of $avianize% "b : to make 'a specified thing( of : treat like $idolize% $lionize% "c : to treat in the manner of or according to the method or process of 'a specified individual( $bowdlerize% $mesmerize% "2 a : to become or become like 'something specified( $crystallize% "b : to be productive in or of 'something specified( $theorize% : engage in or carry on a 'specified( activity $botanize% $philosophize% $attitudinize% $concertize% "c : to follow after someone or something 'specified( : to adopt or spread the manner of activity or the outlook or teaching of someone $calvinize% japano- combining form, usu cap "Japan 'the country(# : Japanese $Japanologist% $Japanophile% jejun- or jejuno- combining form "jejunum# "1 : jejunum $jejunectomy% "2 : jejunal and $jejunoduodenal% judeo- also judaeo- combining form, usu cap "L judaeus Jewish, Jew# "1 : of or relating to the Jews or Judaism $Judeophobia% 2 : Jewish and $Judeo-Christian% $Judeo-Persian% juxta- combining form "L juxta, adv. * prep., near, nearby# : situated near $juxta-articular% $juxtamedullary% kary- or karyo- also cary- or caryo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk kary-, karyo- walnut, nut, kernel, fr. karyon# "1 : nucleus of a cell $karyenchyma% $karyokinesis% & in cytological terms "2 : nut : kernel $caryopsis% kata- or kat- prefix "Gk & more at &%*%-# : &%*%ken- or keno- combining form "Gk, fr. kenos$ akin to Arm sin empty, vain# : empty $kenotron% ker- also ke- prefix "imit.# & used in onomatopoeic or echoic forms imitating the noise of a falling object $kerplop% 29 -later kerauno- combining form "Gk & more at &$)%!"-# : thunder ket- or keto- combining form "ISV, fr. ketone# "1 usu keto- "a : containing the ketone group $ketohexose% & in names of clases of compounds+ compare %.-- 1 "b : containing a ketone group regarded as formed by replacement of two hydrogen atoms in a methylene group by oxygen & in names of specific organic compounds $ketopropionic acid%+ compare '6- "2 : related to a ketone $ketoxime% & compare %.-- 2 kilo- combining form "F, modif. of Gk chilioi# : thousand & chiefly in names of units in the metric system $kiloampere% $kilogauss% $kilojoule% kin- or kine- or kino- or cin- or cino- combining form "Gk kin"ma motion# : motion : action $kinesthesia% $kinoplasm% $kineplasty% -kin also -kins n suffix, pl -kins "-kin fr. ME, fr. MD -kin, -ken, -kijn$ akin to OS -k'n, dim. suffix, OHG -ch'n$ -kins fr. ME, suffix used to form surnames 'as Jenkins(, fr. -kin + -s, patronymic suffix 'as in Roberts(# : little $catkin% $babykins% kinesi- or kinesio- combining form "Gk kin"si-, fr. kin"sis motion# : movement : motion $kinesimeter% $kinesiology% -kinesia or -cinesia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk -kin"sia, fr. kin"sis# : movement : motion $hyperkinesia% $parakinesia% -kinesis n combining form, pl -kineses "NL, fr. Gk kin"sis# "1 : activation $chemokinesis% $photokinesis% "2 : division $karyokinesis% "3 : production of motion $telekinesis% kinet- or kineto- also cinet- or cineto- combining form "Gk kin"tos moving# : movement : motion $kinetogenic% klept- or klepto- combining form "Gk, fr. kleptein to steal+ akin to Goth hlifan to steal, L clepere to steal, OPruss auklipts concealed# : stealing : theft $kleptistic% $kleptomania% -kont n combining form -# "ISV, fr. Gk kontos pole, fr. kentein to prick# : flagellum of a cell -labe n combining form -# "ME, fr. MF, fr. ML -labium, fr. LGk -labion, dim. of Gk -labos 'fr. lambanein to take(# : instrument : implement $cosmolabe% labio- combining form "L labium lip# "1 : the lips $labiograph% $labioplasty% "2 : labial and $labionasal% $labiovelar% lact- or lacti- or lacto- combining form "lact- fr. F * L+ F, fr. L, fr. lact-, lac$ lacti- fr. F * LL+ F, fr. LL, fr. L lact-, lac$ lactofr. lact- + o-# "1 milk $lactalbumin% $lactometer% $lactigenic% 2 a : lactate and $lactophosphate% "b : lactic acid $lactamide% $lactonitrite% "c : lactose $lactitol% $lactobionic acid% lag- or lago- combining form "NL, fr. L, fr. Gk lag&-, fr. lag&s# : hare $lagophthalmos% $lagopous% -lalia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk lalia chatter, prattle, fr. lalein to chat, talk 'prob. of imit. origin like G lallen to babble, stammer, L lallare to sing a lullaby( + -ia -y# : speech disorder 'of a specified type esp. relating to the articulation of speech sounds( $bradylalia% $rhinolalia% & compare -4(%#+%, -4($0+%, -4('"1 2 lalo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk lalos talkative, prattling, fr. lalein to chat, talk & more at -.%.+%# : speech : the speech organs -laly n combining form -$# "NL -lalia# : -.%.+% lamell- or lamelli- combining form "NL, fr. lamella# : lamella $lamellose% $lamelliferous% $lamelliform% lamin- or lamini- or lamino- combining form "lamina# : lamina $laminar% $laminiferous% lampro- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. lampros bright, fr. lampein to give light, shine# : bright $lamprophyre% lan- or lani- or lano- combining form "L lan-, lani-, fr. lana# : wool $lanolin% $lanthionine% $laniferous% $lanosterol% larvi- combining form "NL, fr. larva# : larva : larval $larvicolous% $larviform% $larvigerous% laryng- or laryngo- combining form "NL laryng- * LL laryngo-, fr. Gk laryng-, laryngo-, fr. laryng-, larynx# "1 : larynx $laryngopathy% $laryngitis% "2 a : laryngeal and $laryngopharyngeal% b : laryngeal : of the larynx $laryngovestibulitis% later- or lateri- or latero- combining form "L later-, fr. later-, latus# "1 : side $laterad% : sidewise $laterigrade% "2 : lateral and $latero-anterior% -later n combining form -# "alter. of ME -latrer, fr. MF -latre lati-later 'fr. LL -latres, fr. Gk -latr"s( + ME -er$ akin to Gk latron pay, hire# : one who worships or shows fanatical devotion $bibliolater% lati- combining form "ME, fr. L, fr. latus# : wide : broad $latirostral% -latry n combining form -$# "ME -latrie, fr. OF, fr. LL -latria, fr. Gk latreia service, worship+ akin to Gk latron pay, hire# : worship of or fanatical devotion to a 'specified( object $heliolatry% laur- or lauro- combining form "ISV, fr. NL Laurus# "1 : laurel $lauric acid% "2 : lauric acid $lauramide% $lauromitrile% -le vb suffix -led' -led' -ling' -les "ME -len, fr. OE -lian$ akin to OHG -il&n, -al&n, verb suffixes indicating repeated action# & indicating repeated action or movement esp. of a trifling or small-scale character $prattle% $wriggle% $hobble% lecith- or lecitho- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk lekith-, lekithofr. lekithos, prob. of non-IE origin# : yolk of an egg $lecithin% $lecithoprotein% leio- or lio- combining form "NL, fr. Gk leio-, fr. leios# : smooth $leiocephalous% $leiophyllous% $leiodermia% lemmo- combining form "Gk lemma rind, husk + E -o-# : neurilemma $lemmoblastic% $lemmocyte% lepid- or lepido- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. lepid-, lepis, fr. lepein to peel# : flake : scale $Lepidoptera% -lepis n combining form "NL, fr. Gk lepis, fr. lepein to peel# : flake : scale & in generic names $Bothriolepis% $Osteolepis% lepo- combining form "prob. fr. NL, fr. Gk lepos# : husk : rind : scale $lepocyte% $lepothrix% -lepsy also -lepsia or -lepsis n combining form, pl -lepsies also -lepsias or -lepses "-lepsy fr. MF -lepsie, fr. LL -lepsia, fr. Gk -l"psia, fr. l"psis act of taking hold or receiving, seizure 'fr. l"ptos, verbal of lambanein to take, seize( + -ia -y+ -lepsia, NL, fr. LL * Gk+ LL, fr. Gk -l"psia$ -lepsis, L, fr. Gk -l"psis, fr. l"psis# : taking : seizure $epilepsy% $androlepsia% lept- or lepto- combining form "lept-, NL, fr. Gk leptos, lit., peeled, husked, fr. lepein to peel+ lepto- fr. Gk, fr. leptos# : small : weak : thin : fine $Leptandra% $leptology% $leptorrhine% -less adj suffix "ME -les, -lesse, fr. OE -l"as, fr. l"as devoid, false+ akin to OS l&s loose, false, MD los loose, OHG l&s, ON lauss loose, Goth laus empty, OE losian to get lost, perish# "1 : destitute of : not having : free from $witless% $childless% $fatherless% $doubtless% "2 : beyond the range of & in adjectives formed from nouns of action $countless% "3 : unable or lacking power to be acted on or to act 'in a specified way( & in adjectives formed from verbs $resistless% $dauntless% $quenchless% $tireless% $fadeless% $ceaseless% -let n suffix -# "ME -let, -lette, fr. MF -elet, fr. OF, fr. -el + -et 'dim. suffix(# "1 : small one $booklet% $streamlet% "2 : article worn on & in names of articles of dress $anklet% $wristlet% letto- combining form, usu cap "Lett + -o-# : Lettish and $Letto-Lithuanian parentage% leuc- or leuco- also leuk- or leuko- combining form "NL, fr. Gk leuk-, leuko- white, fr. leukos# "1 : white : colorless : weakly colored $leucaugite% $leucoplast% $leukocyte% & often in names of chemical compounds derived from 'as by reduction( or related to a dye or other colored compound $leucaurin% $leucomethylene blue% "2 : leukocyte $leukopenia% "3 : white matter of the brain $leucotomy% leukocyt- or leukocyto- also leucocyt- or leucocyto- combining form "NL, fr. ISV leukocyte# : leukocyte $leukocytopenia% $leukocytosis% lev- or levo- also laev- or laevo- combining form "F lévo-, fr. L laevus left+ akin to Gk laios left, OSlav l+vŭ# : left : on the left side : to the left $levoversion% -lexia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk lexis word, speech# : reading of 'such( a kind or with 'such( an impairment $bradylexia% $dyslexia% libyo- combining form, usu cap "Libya# : Libyan and $Libyo-Phoenician% $Libyo-Teutonic% lign- or ligni- or ligno- combining form "L lign-, ligni-, fr. lignum# "1 : wood $ligniform% $lignivorous% $lignography% "2 30 -logue "ISV, fr. lignin# : lignin $lignoprotein% $lignosulfonic acid% ligul- or liguli- combining form "NL ligula# "1 : ligule $ligular% $liguliform% : ligulate $liguliflorous% "2 "NL Ligula# : the genus Ligula $liguloid% limn- or limni- or limno- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, pool, marshy lake, fr. limn"$ akin to Gk limen-, lim"n harbor# : freshwater lake : pond $limnimeter% $limnology% -limnion n combining form, pl -limnia "NL, fr. Gk limnion small lake, dim. of limn" marshy lake# : lake : water $hypolimnion% lineo- combining form "L linea line 'cord(# : line $lineograph% : linear and $lineocircular% !-ling n suffix -# "ME, fr. OE+ akin to OHG -ling, ON -lingr, Goth -lings, OE -ing & more at -+"/ 'one of a specified kind(# 1 : one belonging to or associated with a 'specified( group or condition or marked by a 'specified( quality $hireling% $darling% $nestling% "2 : young, small, or inferior one $duckling% $gosling% $princeling% "-ling or -lings adv suffix "-ling fr. ME, fr. OE+ -lings fr. ME -linges, fr. -ling + -es, gen. sing. ending of nouns 'functioning adverbially, as in nedes needs, alweyes always(+ akin to OHG -ling!n -ling, OE -l& strap, Lith lenkti to bend & more at -## : in 'such( a direction or manner : to 'such( an extent $eastling% & chiefly in adverbs of state or manner $darkling% lingu- or lingua- or lingui- or linguo- combining form "L lingu-, fr. lingua# "1 : language $linguipotence% $linguist% "2 : tongue $linguopapillitis% "3 a : produced by the tongue and & in terms referring to speech sounds $linguodental% $linguanasal% $linguonasal% $linguopalatal% "b : lingual and $linguomaxillary% "4 : lingually $linguodistal% lip- or lipo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. lipos# "1 : fat : fatty tissue : fatty : %-+4- $lipectomy% $lipocardiac% $lipocele% "2 : lipide lipar- or liparo- combining form "Gk, fr. liparos, fr. lipos fat# : fatty : fat $liparocele% $liparoid% $liparous% lipo- combining form "F, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. leipein to leave, be lacking# "1 : lacking : without $lipography% "2 : leaving : abandoning $lipoxenous% liss- or lisso- combining form "NL, fr. Gk lissos, lispos, lisphos$ prob. akin to OE l'm lime# : smooth $lissencephalous% $Lissoflagellata% -lite also -lyte n combining form "F -lite, alter. of -lithe, fr. Gk lithos stone# "1 a : mineral : rock : fossil in stone $cryolite% $rhyolite% $dendrolite% "b : -.+*( 1b $albolite% "2 : -.+*( 2 $phlebolite% lith- or litho- combining form "L, fr. Gk, fr. lithos# "1 : stone $lithanthrax% $lithophyte% $lithograph% "2 : calculus $lithosis% $lithology% "3 "NL lithium# : lithium $lithic% : lithic $lithemia% -lith n combining form -# "NL -lithus * F -lithe, fr. Gk lithos stone# "1 a : stone : structure or implement of stone $cyclolith% $monolith% $eolith% "b : artificial stone : cement $granolith% "2 med : calculus $angiolith% $nephrolith% "3 : -.+*$ 1a $coccolith% $zoolith% lithi- or lithio- combining form "NL lithium# : lithium $lithiophilite% $lithiate% -lithic adj combining form "lithic# "1 : relating to or characteristic of a 'specified( stage in man)s use of stone as a cultural tool $Neolithic% $prelithic% $technolithic% "2 bot : stone $epilithic% lob- or lobi- or lobo- combining form "lobe# : lobe $lobectomy% $lobiform% $lobigerous% $lobotomy% -lobus n combining form : one having a 'specified( kind of lobe & in generic names $Chaenolobus% $Gonolobus% loco- combining form "F, fr. MF, fr. L loco, abl. of locus place# 1 : from place to place $locomotion% "2 : place $locodescriptive% log- or logo- combining form "Gk, fr. logos word, reason, speech, account# : word : thought : speech : discourse $logogram% $logolatry% $logomania% -logia n combining form -# "L, fr. Gk & more at -logy# : -.'/1 logico- combining form "logical# : logical : logical and $logicomathematical% -logue or -log n combining form -# "ME -loge, -logue, fr. OF -logy -logue, fr. L -logus, fr. Gk -logos, fr. legein to speak# "1 a : discourse, talk $duologue% "b : performance, recital $pianologue% "2 : student, specialist $Sinologue% -logy n combining form -$# "ME -logie, fr. OF, fr. L -logia, fr. Gk, fr. logos word, reason, speech, account + -ia -y# "1 : oral or written expression $phraseology% "2 : doctrine, theory, science $sociology% "3 : discourse, treatise $insectology% lonch- or loncho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. lonch" spearhead, lance# : lance $Lonchocarpus% $Lonchma% longi- combining form "ME, fr. L, fr. longus# "1 : long $longicaudal% $longipennate% $longirostrine% "2 : longitudinal $longisection% loph- or lopho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. lophos# : crest : tuft : comb $lophophytosis% $Lophura% -loph n combining form -# "Gk lophos# : crest $ectoloph% lophi- or lophio- combining form "NL, fr. Gk lophion small crest, dim. of lophos# : small crest or tuft $Lophiodon% $Lophiomys% lox- or loxo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. loxos$ akin to MIr losc lame, OE eln ell# : oblique $loxodograph% $Loxosoma% luci- combining form "L, fr. luc-, lux# : light $lucimeter% ludicro- combining form "L ludicrus + E -o-# : ludicrous and $ludicropathetic% $ludicroserious% $ludicrosplenetic% lumb- or lumbo- combining form "L lumb-, fr. lumbus# "1 : loin $lumbodynia% "2 : lumbar and $lumbosacral% lumi- prefix "irreg. fr. L lumin-, lumen light# : formed by irradiation $lumichrome% $lumisterol% lumin- or lumini- or lumino- combining form "ME lumin-, fr. L lumin-, lumen light# "1 : light $luminiferous% $luminometer% "2 : lumen $luminal% "3 : luminescence $luminol% luso- combining form, usu cap "Pg, fr. lusitano Portuguese, fr. L lusitanus Lusitanian# : Portuguese and $Luso-Brazilian% lute- or luteo- combining form "NL luteum 'in corpus luteum(, fr. L, neut. of luteus yellowish, luteous# : corpus luteum $luteal% $luteotrophic% luteo- combining form "ISV, fr. L luteus yellowish, luteous# : yellowish : yellowish and $luteofuscous% $luteovirescent% !-ly adj suffix, usu -$)5-$#* "ME -lich, -ly, -li, fr. OE -l'c, -lic$ akin to OFris * OS -l'k -ly, MD -lijc, OHG -l'h, -lih, ON -ligr$ all fr. a Gmc noun represented by OE l'c body, corpse# "1 : like in appearance, manner, or nature : having the characteristics of $queenly% $fatherly% $womanly% "2 : expressing regular recurrence in stated units of time : every $hourly% $daily% $weekly% "-ly adv suffix, usu -$)5-$#* "ME -liche, -ly, -li, fr. OE -l'ce, -lice, fr. -l'c, -lic 'adj. suffix(# : in a 'specified( manner $slowly% : in the manner of a $soldierly% : from a 'specified( standpoint lyc- or lyco- combining form "NL, fr. Gk lyk-, lyko-, fr. lykos# : wolf $Lycopodium% lymph- or lympho- combining form "NL lympha# "1 : lymph $lymphogenic% "2 : lymphatic tissue $lymphenteritis% "3 : lymphocytes $lymphoprotease% $lymphotaxis% lymphangi- or lymphangio- combining form "NL, fr. lymphangion lymphatic vessel, fr. lymph- + Gk angeion vessel, blood vessel & more at %"/+-# : lymphatic vessels $lymphangiectasis% $lymphangiology% lymphato- combining form "ISV lymphat- 'fr. lymphatic( + -o-# : lymphatic tissue $lymphatolysin% $lymphatolysis% lyo- combining form "prob. fr. NL, fr. Gk lyein to loose, dissolve, release + NL -o-# "1 : lacking : rudimentary in $Lyomeri% "2 : looseness : dispersion $lyophilic% lys- or lysi- or lyso- combining form "NL, fr. Gk lys-, lysi- loosening, dissolution, fr. lysis, fr. lyein to loosen, dissolve + -sis# 1 : loosening or dissolution or decomposition $lysigenous% $lysin% "2 usu lyso- "ISV lys in + -o-# : lysin $lysogen% -lysis n combining form, pl -lyses "NL, fr. L * Gk+ L, loosening, fr. Gk, fr. lysis# "1 : decomposition $electrolysis% $hydrolysis% $pyrolysis% "2 : destruction : disintegration : dissolution & esp. of material associated with living organisms $biolysis% $autolysis% $proteolysis% "3 a : relief or reduction $neurolysis% b : detachment 'as in the surgical operation of freeing from adhesions( $cardiolysis% $gastrolysis% "c : paralysis $glossolysis% 31 -manship -lyte n combining form -# "Gk lytos that may be untied, soluble, verbal of lyein to loosen, dissolve# : a substance capable of undergoing lysis $electrolyte% $hydrolyte% -lytic adj suffix "Gk lytikos able to loose# : of, relating to, or effecting lysis $electrolytic% $hydrolytic% lyx- or lyxo- combining form "lyxose# : related to lyxose $lyxoflavin% -lyze also -lyse vb combining form -$-5-+"/5-# "ISV, prob. irreg. fr. NL -lysis + ISV -ize or -ise# : to produce or undergo lytic disintegration or dissolution $electrolyze% $pyrolyze% $solvolyze% -machy n combining form -$# "Gk -machia, fr. mach" battle, fight 'fr. machesthai to battle, fight( + -ia -y# : warfare : contest between or by means of $logomachy% macr- or macro- combining form "F * L, fr. Gk makr-, makrolong, fr. makros# "1 : long $macrobiotic% $macrodiagonal% "2 : large $macrergate% $macromolecule% $macrogamete% $macromastia% $macrognathism% $macropodia% & often used to contrast with micr- "3 : macrodiagonal $macrodome% "4 : including and more comprehensive than $Macro-Khoisan% & used of a language group macul- or maculo- also maculi- combining form "ME macul-, fr. L, fr. macula# "1 : spot : blotch $maculation% $maculiform% "2 : spotted and : macular and $maculopetechial lesions% $maculoanesthetic% magnesio- combining form "ISV, fr. NL magnesium# : magnesium $magnesiochromite% magnet- or magneto- combining form "magnetic# "1 : magnetic force $magnetometer% "2 : magnetism : magnetic $magnetoelectric% $magneton% "3 : magnetoelectric $magnetotelegraph% magno- combining form "ISV, fr. magnesia * NL magnesium# 1 : magnesia $magnochromite% "2 : magnesium $magnoferrite% $magnophorite% !mal- combining form "ME, fr. MF mal, adj., bad * mal, adv., badly+ MF mal bad, fr. OF, fr. L malus$ MF mal badly, fr. OF, fr. L male, fr. malus bad# "1 a : bad : evil $malpractice% "b : badly : evilly $malodorous% "2 a : irregular : abnormal $malformation% "b : irregularly : abnormally $malformed% "3 a : poor : inadequate $maladjustment% "b : poorly : inadequately $malnourished% "mal- or malo- combining form "ISV, fr. malic 'in malic acid(# : malic acid $malamide% $malonitrile% malac- or malaco- combining form "L malac-, fr. Gk malak-, malako-, fr. malakos$ akin to MIr malcad decay, Russ molchat! to be silent, L molere to grind# : soft $malacoid% $malacophyllous% malari- or malario- combining form "malaria# : malaria $malarioid% $malariology% $malariometry% malayo- combining form, usu cap "malay + -o-# : Malayan and $Malayo-Indonesian% -mancy n combining form -$# "ME -mancie, -mauncie, fr. OF -mancie, fr. L -mantia, fr. Gk manteia, fr. manteuesthai to divine, prophesy + -ia -y+ akin to Gk mainesthai to rage, rave# : divination in a 'specified( manner or by means of 'something specified( $chiromancy% mandel- or mandelo- combining form "ISV, fr. mandelic 1acid0# : mandelic acid $mandelamide% $mandelonitrile% mandibul- or mandibuli- or mandibulo- combining form "LL mandibula# : mandible : mandibular and $mandibulation% $mandibulopharyngeal% $mandibuliform% mangan- or mangano- also mangani- combining form "G mangan, fr. F manganèse# : manganese : manganese and $manganate% $manganocolumbite% $manganiferous% manganoso- combining form "ISV mangan- + -oso- 'fr. L -osus -ous(# : manganous mann- or manno- combining form "ISV, fr. manna# "1 : manna $mannite% $mannose% "2 : related to mannose $mannan% mano- combining form "F, fr. Gk, loose, sparse, infrequent, fr. manos# : gas : vapor $manograph% -manship n suffix -# "sportsmanship# : art or practice of maneuvering to gain a tactical advantage $gamesmanship% marimari- combining form "L, fr. mare# : sea $maricolous% $marigraph% mast- or masto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. mastos breast# 1 : breast : mammary gland $mastitis% $mastodon% "2 : mastoid and $mastotympanic% mastig- or mastigo- combining form "Gk, whip, scourge, fr. mastig-, mastix$ perh. akin to Gk m"nyein to make known, inform, Russ manit! to beckon, entice# : whip : flagellum $Mastigophora% $Mastigamoeba% -mastix n combining form "Gk mastig-, mastix whip, scourge# "1 -$# : attacker of a 'specified( person or thing $Latinomastix% 2 "NL, fr. Gk mastig-, mastix# "a : one having 'such( a whip & in generic names in zoology $Uromastix% "b : one having 'such( a flagellum or 'such or so many( flagella & in generic names in zoology $Chilomastix% mathematico- combining form "NL, fr. L mathematicus mathematical# : mathematical and $mathematicological% $mathematicophysical% matr- or matri- or matro- combining form "L matr-, matri-, fr. matr-, mater# : mother $matrilineal% $matroclinous% $matronymic% maxi- combining form "fr. maximum, after E minimum : mini-# 1 : extra long $maxicoat% $maxi-kilt% "2 : extra large $maxi-sculpture% $maxi-problems% maxill- or maxilli- or maxillo- combining form "L maxill-, fr. maxilla# "1 : maxilla $maxilliped% "2 : maxillary and $maxillofacial% $maxillozygomatic% mc- prefix, usu cap "McDonald!s, chain of fast-food restaurants+ fr. the association of the chain with products that are easily available though basic and standardized# & used to indicate an inexpensive, convenient, or easy but usu. low-quality or commercialized version of something specified $McBook% $McDoctor% -meal adv combining form "ME -mele, fr. OE -m"lum, fr. m"lum, dat. pl. of m"l appointed time 'repast(# : by a 'specified( portion or measure at a time $inchmeal% $piecemeal% meat- or meato- combining form "LL meatus# : meatus $meatic% $meatotomy% mec- or meco- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk m"ko-, fr. m"kos length+ akin to Gk makros long# : length : long $Mecodonta% $mecometer% mechan- or mechano- combining form "ME mechan-, fr. MF or L, fr. Gk m"chan-, fr. m"chan" machine# : machine $mechanology% $mechanomorphic% : mechanical $mechanize% $mechanotherapy% : mechanical and $mechanochemical% mechanico- combining form "ISV, fr. L mechanicus mechanic, mechanical# "1 : mechanical $mechanicotherapy% "2 : mechanical and $mechanicochemical% mecon- or mecono- combining form "1 : poppy $meconidium% $meconopsis% "2 "NL meconium# : opium $meconin% $meconology% $meconophagy% medi- or medio- combining form "L, fr. medius middle# "1 : medially $mediodepressed% $medioperforate% "2 : intermediate $medieval% $mediosilicic% "3 : middle or median plane $mediad% $mediodorsal% $mediopalatal% $medioventral% medico- combining form "NL, fr. L medicus medical# "1 : medical $medicopsychology% "2 : medical and $medicobotanical% $medicodental% $medicolegal% medo- combining form, usu cap "Gk m"do-, fr. M"dos Mede, Median# : Median and $Medo-Persian% $Medo-Scythian% medus- or medusi- combining form "ISV, fr. NL medusa# : medusa $medusiferous% $medusoid% mega- or meg- combining form "Gk, fr. megas large, great, strong# "1 a : great : large $megabacterium% $megaspore% : powerful $megascope% : of the major order $megadiastrophism% $megamutation% : enlarged $megatype% or abnormally enlarged $megaduodenum% $megaesophagus% "b : having a 'specified( part of large size $megadont% $megagnathous% "c : capable of being distinguished or identified without the aid of the microscope $megabreccia% $megafossil% $megaphenocryst% "2 : a million of : multiplied by one 32 mer- million $megohm% $megalumen% $megampere% "3 : greatly surpassing others of its kind $megahero% $megapolluters% "4 : to a superlative degree $mega-successful% megal- or megalo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. megal-, megas large, great# : large : great : of giant size $megaloblast% $megalops% $Megalosaurus% : grand : grandiose $megalomania% : capable of or used for enlarging $megalograph% $megaloscope%+ specif, med : abnormally large $megalocardia% $megalocornea% -megaly also -megalia n combining form, pl -megalies also -megalias "NL -megalia, fr. megal- + L -ia -y# : abnormal enlargement 'of a specified part( $acromegaly% $gastromegaly% $hepatosplenomegalia% !mel- combining form "NL, fr. Gk melos# : limb $melalgia% "mel- or melo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk m"la cheeks, lit., apples, pl. of m"lon apple# : cheek $melitis% $meloplasty% mela- or mel- also melo- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk melas black# : black $meladiorite% $Melogrammataceae% melan- or melano- also melam- combining form "melan- fr. ME, fr. MF, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. melan-, melas$ melano- ) melam- fr. NL, fr. Gk, fr. melan-, melas# "1 : black : dark $melanic% $melanin% $melanocomous% $Melampsora% "2 : melanin : marked by the presence of melanin $melanogen% $melanemia% $melanosarcoma% -melane n combining form -# "Gk melan-, melas black# : black substance : dark substance $lepidomelane% $sideromelane% melano- combining form, usu cap "melanian + -o-# : Melanian and $Melano-Papuan% meli- combining form "Gk meli# : honey $melilite% -melia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk melos limb + NL -ia# : condition of the limbs $anisomelia% $schistomelia% $ectromelia% mell- or melli- combining form "L# : honey : like honey $mellite% $mellisugent% $mellisonant% melo- combining form "F mélo-, fr. Gk melo-, fr. melos limb, musical phrase, melody, song# : song $melologue% $melomania% -melus n combining form, pl -meli "NL, fr. Gk melos limb# : one having a 'specified( abnormality of the limbs $anisomelus% $ectromelus% membran- or membrani- or membrano- combining form "membran- fr. MF, fr. L, fr. membrana skin, membrane, parchment+ membrani- * membrano- fr. NL, fr. L membrana# "1 : membrane $membranoid% $membraniferous% $Membranipora% $membranogenic% "2 usu membrano- : membranous and $membranocartilaginous% $membranonervous% mening- or meningo- also meningi- combining form "NL, fr. meninges# : meninges $meningococcus% $meningioma% $meningitis% : meninges and $meningomyelitis% $meningovascular% meno- combining form "NL, fr. Gk menein to remain# : remaining : persisting $Menorhyncha% -ment n suffix -# "ME, fr. OF, fr. L -mentum, fr. -men, n. suffix + -tum 'akin to -tus, past part. ending(+ akin to Gk -ma, n. suffix & more at -$-# "1 a : concrete result, object, or agent of a 'specified( action $entanglement% $increment% $attachment% $fragment% "b : concrete means or instrument of a 'specified( action $complement% $nutriment% $ornament% "2 a : action, process, art, or act of a 'specified( kind $encirclement% $recruitment% $statement% $government% $development% "b : place or object of a 'specified( action $escarpment% $cantonment% "3 : state or condition $amazement% $embroilment% $fulfillment% $involvement% menth- or mentho- combining form "ISV, fr. menthol# : menthol $menthone% $menthane% menti- combining form "L ment-, mens# : mind $menticide% mento- combining form "NL, fr. L mentum# : chin : chin and $mentoanterior% $mentocondyloid% !mer- combining form "ME, fr. mere sea, lake, pond, fr. OE# : sea $mermaid% $merman% $merwoman% "mer- or mero- combining form "Gk m"r-, m"ro-, fr. m"ros# : thigh $meralgia% $merocele% mer$mer- or mero- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk, fr. meros part# : part : partial $meraspis% $merohedral% $merosporangium% -mer n combining form -# "ISV, fr. Gk meros part# chem : member of a 'specified( class $isomer% $metamer% $polymer% mercapt- or mercapto- combining form "ISV, fr. mercaptan# : derived from or related to a mercaptan $mercaptal% $mercaptide% mercur- or mercuro- combining form "ISV, fr. mercury# : mercury $mercurophylline% mercuri- combining form "ISV, fr. mercury# chem : mercuric $chloromercuriphenol ClHgC&H.OH% -mere n combining form -# "F -mère, fr. Gk meros part# "1 biol : part : segment $arthromere% $cytomere% "2 chem $isomere% meri- combining form "F méri-, fr. Gk meris part# : part : partial $mericlinous% $meriquinone% $meristele% -meric adj combining form "ISV 2mer- + -ic# "1 biol : having 'such( parts or segments $cytomeric% "2 "ISV -mer + -ic# chem : having a 'specified( association of substances in compounds $polymeric% $tautomeric% -meride n combining form -# "ISV -mer + -ide# : -0$) $isomeride% $polymeride% -meris n combining form "NL, fr. Gk meris part# : one having a 'specified( part & in generic names $Piptomeris% -merism n combining form -# "ISV -mer + -ism# "1 : possession of a 'specified( association of substances in chemical compounds $isomerism% $tautomerism% "2 "ISV 2mer- + -ism# : possession of 'such or so many( parts -merous adj combining form "NL -merus, fr. Gk -mer"s, fr. meros part# : having 'such or so many( parts $homomerous% $pentamerous% $6-merous% -merus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk m"ros thigh# : animal or insect having a 'specified( type of thigh & in generic names in entomology $Tomicomerus% $Symmerus% -mery n combining form -$# "ISV 2mer- + -y# : possession of 'such or so many( parts $gonomery% $metamery% -meryx n combining form "NL, fr. Gk m"ryx, a ruminating fish, fr. m"rykasthai to ruminate# : ruminant & chiefly in generic names of extinct ruminating mammals $leptomeryx% mes- or meso- combining form "L, fr. Gk, fr. mesos# "1 a : in the middle : intermediate 'as in position, size, type, time, degree( $mesoderm% $mesodont% $mesonephroma% $mesoplankton% $mesoprosopic% $Mesozoa% $mesocarp% "b : mesentery or membrane supporting a 'specified( part $mesocaecum% $mesocolon% $mesarchium% "c : mesoderm : mesodermal and $mesameboid% "2 meso- : a reduction product of a porphyrin or other pyrrole derivative in which one or more vinyl groups have been hydrogenated to ethyl $mesohemin% $mesobilirubin% mesati- combining form "Gk mesatos midmost, irreg. superl. of mesos mid, in the middle# : of medium or intermediate proportion mesio- combining form "mesi al + -o-# : mesial and $mesiobuccal% $mesiolabial% $mesioocclusal% meta- or met- prefix "NL * ML, fr. LL or Gk+ LL, fr. Gk, fr. meta between, with, after+ akin to OE mid, mith with, OS mid, midi, OHG mit, miti with, ON meth with, between, Goth mith with, and perh. to OE midd mid# "1 a : occurring later : in succession to : after $metachronism% $metabiosis% $metagenesis% $metainfective% "b : situated behind : posterior $metapore% $metanephron% "c : later or more highly organized or specialized form of $Metazoa% $metaphyte% "d : with : occurring with $metacinnabar% "2 a "MF * L+ MF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. meta# : change in : transformation of $metamorphosis% $metaplasia% "b : produced by metamorphism $metadiorite% $metasediment% "3 a "ME, fr. ML, fr. Gk meta after, as used in ta meta ta physika the 'works( after the physics# : beyond : transcending $metaphysics% $metapsychosis% $metageometry% $metabiological% $metempirics% "b : of a higher logical type & in nouns formed from names of disciplines and designating new but related disciplines such as can deal critically with the nature, structure, or behavior of the original ones $metalanguage% $metatheory% $metasystem% "4 "ISV, fr. Gk, with, 33 micr- after, fr. meta# "a : one that is isomeric with, polymeric with, or otherwise closely related to $metaldehyde% & in names of chemical compounds+ compare ,4%)%- 2 "b : regarded as derived from 'the ortho acid( by loss of water 'as of one molecule of water from each molecule of acid( & in names of inorganic acids $metaphosphoric acid%+ compare ')*(- 3a, 41)- 2a "c : derived from by removal or loss of some or all of the contained water & in names of minerals $metaautunite% $metahalloysite% metall- or metallo- combining form "L or Gk+ L metallum, fr. Gk metallon mine 'later, metal(# "1 : metal $metallurgy% $metallography% "2 : containing a metal atom or ion in the molecule $metalloflavoprotein% metalli- combining form "L, fr. metallum# : metal $metalliform% $metallify% meteor- or meteoro- combining form "MF or Gk+ MF, fr. Gk mete&r- high in air 'fr. mete&ros(, mete&ro- astronomical phenomenon, thing in the heaven above, fr. mete&ron# "1 : meteor $meteoroid% "2 : weather and climate $meteorobiology% -meter n combining form -# "F -mètre, fr. Gk metron measure# : instrument or means for measuring $barometer% $calorimeter% $voltameter% meth- or metho- combining form "ISV, fr. methyl# : methyl $methacrylic% $methobromide% metr- or metro- combining form "NL, fr. Gk m"tr-, fr. m"tra# "1 : uterus $metritis% $metrofibroma% $metrotome% "2 : pith $Metrosideros% $Metroxylon% -metra n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk m"tra womb# : a 'specified( condition of the uterus $hematometra% $hydrometra% -metric or -metrical adj combining form "-metric fr. F -métrique, fr. métrique metrical, fr. L metricus$ -metrical fr. F -métrique + E -al# "1 : of, employing, or obtained by 'such( a meter $barometric% $heliometric% "2 : of or relating to 'such( an art, process, or science of measuring $chronometric% $geometric% $psychometric% -metrium n combining form, pl -metria "NL, fr. metr- + -ium# : part or layer of the uterus $endometrium% $myometrium% -metry n combining form -$# "ME -metrie, fr. MF, fr. L -metria, fr. Gk, fr. metrein to measure 'fr. metron measure( + -ia -y# : art, process, or science of measuring 'something specified( $chronometry% $hygrometry% $hypermetry% $photometry% $psychometry% mi- or mio- also meio- combining form "prob. fr. NL meio-, fr. Gk, fr. mei&n# "1 a : less $Miocene% : smaller $Miohippus% "b : slightly $miconcave% "2 : fewer $meiophylly% micr- or micro- combining form "ME micro-, fr. L, fr. Gk mikr-, mikro-, fr. mikros, smikros small, short+ akin to OE sm"al0c careful, exquisite, OHG sm+hi small, low, ON sm+r small, and perh. to OE sm'tan to smear# "1 a : small : minute : petty $microcyst% & often used to contrast with macr- "b : enlarging : magnifying or amplifying & in names of instruments $microphone% $microscope% "c & used for small or minute size, quantities, intensities, or variations $microbarograph% $microcalorimeter% $micrograph% "d : minutely $microlevel% 2 : one millionth part of 'a specified unit( $microsecond% & esp. in terms used in the metric system $microgram% and in electricity $microfarad% $microhm% "3 : microscopic: as "a : dealing with, employing, or used in microscopy $micropaleontology% $microtome% "b : revealed by or having its structure discernible only by microscopical examination $microfossil% "c : prepared for microscopical examination $microsection% "4 : abnormally small $microdactylous% & chiefly in nouns denoting a condition of a specified part of the body $micrognathia% "5 : of, involving, or for very small or minute quantities of material : on a small or minute scale of chemical operation : microchemical : microanalytical $microbalance% $microsublimation% & compare #$0+0+&)'-, !.*)%0+&)'- "6 : of very fine grain : in names of rocks $microgranite% "7 : of or relating to a small area $microclimate% $microeconomics% $microhabitat% "8 : microphotographed or microfilmed $microcopy% : employed in or relating to microphotographing or microfilming $microreader% millimilli- combining form "F milli-, fr. L milli-, mili- thousand, fr. mille# : thousandth & esp. in terms belonging to the metric system $milliampere% $millibar% $millimeter% millimicro- combining form "milli- + micr-# : "%"'mim- or mimo- combining form "L, fr. Gk, fr. mimos mime# : mime : mimic $mimotype% -mimus n combining form "NL, fr. L mimus mime# : mimic : imitator & in generic names of animals $Cetomimus% mini- combining form "miniature# : smaller or briefer than is usual, normal, or standard !mis- prefix "partly fr. ME, fr. OE+ partly fr. ME mes-, mis-, fr. OF mes-, of Gmc origin+ akin to OE mis-$ akin to OHG missa-, missi- mis-, OS * ON mis-, Goth missa- mis-, OE missan to miss# "1 a : in an incorrect or improper manner : badly : mistakenly : wrongly $misadvise% $misclassify% $misjudge% $miscooked% $miscopied% "b : unfavorably $misdeem% "c : in a fearful or suspicious manner $misdoubt% "2 : incorrect : improper : bad : mistaken : wrong $misdeed% $misimpression% $misreliance% "3 a : opposite of $misadvantage% $misthrift% "b : lack of $misadjustment% $misease% "4 : not $misconstitutional% $misconvenient% "mis- or miso- combining form "Gk, fr. misein to hate * misos hatred# : hatred $misogynic% $misoneism% $misosophy% mit- or mito- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. mitos# "1 : thread $mitoplast% "2 : mitosis $mitoclastic% $mitodepressive% $mitogenetic% -mixis n combining form, pl -mixes "NL -mixis, fr. Gk, act of mingling, act of mixing, fr. mixis# : an intermingling in reproduction $apomixis% $endomixis% $pseudomixis% $parthenomixis% & compare -/%01 mixo- combining form "Gk, fr. mixis act of mingling or mixing# 1 : mixed $mixotrophic% $mixochimaera% "2 : mixture of isomers of 'a specified compound( $mixooctane% & compare +#mnem- or mnemo- combining form "mnem-, NL, fr. Gk mn"m-, fr. mn"m"$ mnemo- prob. fr. F mnémo-, fr. Gk mn"mo-, fr. Gk mn"m"# : memory $mnemogenic% $mnemotechnical% -mnesia n combining form -# "NL, fr. amnesia# : a 'specified( type or condition of memory $cryptomnesia% $panmnesia% -mo n suffix -# "duodecimo# & after numerals or their names to indicate the number of leaves made by folding a sheet of paper $sixteenmo% $16mo% $eighteenmo% $18mo% -mobile n combining form -# "automobile# : vehicle $clubmobile% $bookmobile% $bloodmobile% mogi- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. mogis barely, with effort+ akin to Gk mogos exertion, labor, Latvian smags burdensome# : with difficulty $mogiphonia% moldo- combining form, usu cap "moldavian# : Moldavian and $Moldo-Wallachian% molybd- or molybdo- combining form "L molybd-, fr. Gk molybd-, molybdo-, fr. molybdos# "1 : lead $molybdophyllite% 2 "NL molybdena ) molybdenum# : molybdenum : molybdous $molybdophosphate% $molybdocyanide% mon- or mono- combining form "ME, fr. MF * L+ MF, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. monos alone, single# "1 a : consisting of or having only one : single $monarch% $monoplane% "b : by or from one only $monogenic% $monodrama% "c : restricted to only one $monogamy% $monologue% "d : only one at a time $monotocous% "e : alone $monophobia% "2 a : containing one atom, radical, or group 'of a specified kind( $monoxide% $monoether% $monobromide% & usu. omitted in names of specific compounds as being understood $monobromoacetone or bromoacetone% "b : monomolecular $monofilm% $monolayer% "3 a : affecting a single part $monoplegia% "b : due to a single cause $monobacillary% "c : monomeric $monostyrene% monadi- combining form "monad# : monad $monadiform% $monadigerous% -monas n combining form "NL, fr. LL monas# : unit : simple organism of a 'specified( kind & in generic names $Chlamydomonas% $Cellulomonas% $Leptomonas% mongolo- combining form, usu cap "Mongol# : Mongolian and $Mongolo-Manchurian% $Mongolo-Tatar% $Mongolo-Turkic% 34 -myaria morph- or morpho- combining form "G morpho- form, fr. Gk morph-, morpho-, fr. morph"# : form : shape : structure : type $morphic% $morphodifferentiation% morph- or morpho- combining form : form and $morphofunctional% -morph n combining form -# "ISV, fr. -morphous# : one having 'such( a form $isomorph% -morpha n combining form, pl -morpha "NL, fr. fem. sing. * neut. pl. of -morphus -morphous, fr. Gk -morphos# : one or ones having 'such( a form $Enteromorpha% & esp. in names of zoological taxa larger than a genus $Cynomorpha% $Hystricomorpha% -morphae n pl combining form "NL, fr. fem. pl. of -morphus -morphous# : ones having 'such( a form & in names of zoological taxa, esp. of birds, larger than a genus $Psittacomorphae% -morphi n pl combining form "NL, fr. pl. of -morphus -morphous# : ones having 'such( a form & in names of fish taxa larger than a genus $Halecomorphi% -morphic adj combining form "prob. fr. F -morphique, fr. Gk morph" form + F -ique -ic# : having 'such( a form $dolichomorphic% -morphism n combining form -# "LL -morphus -morphous 'fr. Gk -morphos( + E -ism & more at -0')4('!## "1 : quality or state of having 'such( a form $heteromorphism% $isomorphism% "2 : conceptualization in 'such( a form $physicomorphism% -morphosis n combining form, pl -morphoses "L, fr. Gk -morph&sis, fr. morph&sis# "1 : development or change of form of a 'specified( thing $cytomorphosis% "2 : development or change of form in a 'specified( manner $heteromorphosis% -morphous adj combining form "Gk -morphos, fr. morph" form# : having 'such( a form $isomorphous% -morphy n combining form -$# "ISV -morph + -y# : quality or state of having 'such( a form $heteromorphy% $isomorphy% -most adj suffix "ME -mast, -most, alter. 'influenced by mast, most most( of -mest 'as in formest foremost(# : most $innermost% : most toward $headmost% moto- combining form "motion ) motor# : motion : motor $motofacient% $motoneuron% muc- or muci- or muco- combining form "L muc-, fr. mucus nasal mucus# "1 : mucus : mucous $mucific% $mucocele% $mucoid% "2 : mucous and $mucopurulent% mucoso- combining form "L mucosus mucous# : mucous and $mucosopurulent% $mucososaccharine% multi- combining form "ME, fr. MF or L+ MF, fr. L, fr. multus much, many# "1 a : many : multiple : much $multicoupler% $multidimensional% $multiperforated% "b : consisting of, containing, or having more than two $multicuspid% $multilevel% c : consisting of, containing, or having more than one $multifamily% "2 : many times over $multimillionaire% : in many respects $multispecialist% "3 : affecting many parts $multiglandular% musc- or musci- also musco- combining form "L musc-, fr. muscus# : moss $Muscites% $muscoid% $muscicolous% $muscology% musci- combining form "NL, fr. L musca# : fly $Muscicapidae% muscul- or musculo- combining form "LL muscul-, fr. L musculus# "1 : muscle $muscular% $musculin% $musculospiral% "2 usu musculo- : muscular and $musculoepithelial% $musculofibrous% museo- combining form "museum# : museum $museology% musico- combining form "music# "1 : music $musicography% $musicotherapy% "2 : musical and $musicodramatic% $musicoliturgical% my- or myo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. mys# "1 : mouse $myomorpha% "2 a : muscle $myology% : muscle and $myoelastic% "b : myoma and & with words ending in -oma $myofibroma% -mya n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk mys mouse, muscle# : creatures having such, so many, or so arranged musculature & in higher taxa of mollusks $Dimya% $Heteromya% -myaria n pl combining form "NL, fr. my- + -aria# : -01% mycmyc- or myco- combining form "NL, irreg. fr. Gk myk"s fungus, mushroom+ akin to Gk myxa lampwick, nasal mucus# : fungus $mycelium% $mycobiota% $mycogenetic% $mycology% $mycosis%+ specif : mushroom $mycophile% -myces n combining form "NL, fr. Gk myk"s# : fungus $Actinomyces% $Phycomyces% mycet- or myceto- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk myk"t-, myk"s & more at 01&-# : fungus $mycetocolous% $mycetogenetic% $mycetoma% $Mycetozoa% -mycete n combining form -# "NL -mycetes# : fungus $micromycete% -mycetes n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk myk"tes, pl. of myk"t-, myk"s fungus, mushroom & more at 01&-# : fungi & chiefly in names of classes and subclasses $Ascomycetes% $Schizomycetes% -mycin n combining form -# "ISV myc- + -in# : substance obtained from a fungus $carbomycin% $erythromycin% myel- or myelo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. myelos, fr. mys mouse, muscle# : marrow $myelin% $myelocyte%: as "a : bone marrow $myelogenous% "b : spinal cord $myelencephalon% $myelocele% -myelia n combining form -# "NL, fr. myel- + -ia# : a 'specified( condition of the spinal cord $hematomyelia% myelino- combining form "NL, fr. ISV myelin# : myelin $myelinoclasis% $myelinoclastic% $myelinogenesis% $myelinogenetic% myi- or myio- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. myia# : fly $Myiarchus% -myia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk myia# : fly $anthomyia% $Cephenomyia% myl- or mylo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, mill, molar, fr. myl"# : molar $mylohyoid% myom- or myomo- combining form "NL myoma# : myoma $myomectomy% $myomohysterectomy% $myomotomy% myri- or myrio- combining form "Gk, fr. myrios# : indefinitely numerous : countless $myriophyllous% $Myriophyllum% $myriosporous% myria- combining form "F, fr. Gk myrios# "1 : ten thousand $myriacoulomb% & esp. in terms belonging to the metric system $myriagram% $myrialiter% "2 : indefinitely numerous : 01)+- $Myriapoda% myring- or myringo- combining form "NL, fr. myringa# : myringa $myringodermatitis% $myringoscope% $myringotomy% myrmec- or myrmeco- combining form "Gk myrm"k-, myrm"ko-, fr. myrm"k-, myrm"x# : ant $Myrmecia% $Myrmecophyte% $myrmecology% $myrmecophobic% -mys n combining form "NL, fr. Gk mys# : mouse : mouselike creature & in generic names in zoology $Cynomys% $Phascolomys% mystico- combining form "mystic# : mystical and $mysticoallegoric% mythico- combining form "mythical# : mythical and $mythicohistorical% $mythicoromantic% myx- or myxo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. myxa lampwick, nasal slime# "1 : mucus : slime $myxadenitis% $myxocyte% $myxoma% $Myxomycetes% "2 : myxoma $myxofibroma% $myxosarcoma% -myxa n combining form, pl -myxa "NL, fr. Gk myxa lampwick, nasal slime# : one or ones consisting of or resembling slime & in taxonomic names esp. in protozoology $Chlamydomyxa% $Proteomyxa% -myza or -myzon n combining form "NL, fr. Gk myzein, myzan to suck+ akin to Gk mydan to be damp# : one that sucks or feeds by suction & in generic names in zoology $Petromyzon% $Agromyza% myzo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk myzan, myzein to suck# : sucking : sucker $myzodendron% $Myzorhynchus% nan- or nano- combining form "F, fr. L nanus dwarf, fr. Gk nanos, nannos$ prob. akin to Gk nanna, nenna female relative, aunt# : dwarf $nanocephaly% $nanoid% $nanosomia% nann- or nanno- combining form "NL, fr. Gk nann-, fr. nannos, nanos & more at "%"-# : dwarf $Nannippus% $nannocephaly% 35 nephel- nano- combining form "ISV, fr. L nanus dwarf & more at "%"-# : one billionth '10−2( part of $nanosecond% naphth- or naphtho- also naphtha- combining form "ISV, fr. naphtha ) naphthaline# "1 : naphtha $naphthene% $naphthyl% 2 a : related to naphthalene : naphthoic acid $naphthoquinone% $naphthamide% "b : naphthol $naphthoxide% narc- or narco- combining form "ME nark-, fr. MF narc-, fr. ML, fr. Gk nark-, fr. narkoun to benumb# "1 : numbness : stupor $narcohypnia% "2 : narcosis : narcotic $narcoma% $narcohypnosis% $narcoanesthesia% : narcotic and $narcostimulant% 3 : deep sleep $narcolepsy% "4 : electric ray $Narcacion% $Narcobatus% "5 : aided by drugs $narcodiagnosis% $narcohypnosis% "6 : of or relating to illegal narcotics $narcotrafficking% nas- or naso- also nasi- combining form "L nasus nose# "1 : nose : nasal $nasicorn% $nasitis% $nasology% $nasoscope% $nasosinusitis% "2 : nasal and $nasethmoid% $nasopalatine% $nasolabial% -nasty n combining form -$# "G -nastie, fr. Gk nastos closepressed, firm + G -ie -y# : nastic movement of a plant part in a 'specified( direction, of a 'specified( kind, or resulting from a 'specified( class of stimulus $epinasty% $nyctinasty% $thermonasty% natr- or natro- combining form "G, fr. natron, fr. F# "1 : natron 2 : sodium $natrium% $natrolite% $natrophilite% ne- or neo- combining form "Gk, fr. neos new# "1 a : new : recent $neologism% $neophyte% "b : a new and different period or form of something 'as a faith, school, or language( & often joined to the second element with a hyphen $Neo-Latin% $neo-Chippendale% $Neo-Darwinism% $Neo-platonism% "c : of recent forms & opposed to pale- $neobotanist% $neobotany% $neontology% "d : neozoic & opposed to pale- $Neocrinoidea% $Neolithic% "e : imitation : pseudo "f : the New World $Nearctic% $Neotropical% "g : an immature form $neofetus% "h : a more recently developed part 'as of a plant or animal( $neomorph% "i : an abnormal new formation $neoplasm% "2 a : the one among several isomeric hydrocarbons that has been recently classified and contains at least one carbon atom connected directly with four other carbon atoms $neohexane% & compare +#- "b : a new chemical compound isomeric with or otherwise related to the one to whose name it is prefixed $neoarsphenamine% "3 : the latest subdivision of a division of geologic time $Neopaleozoic% & distinguished from mes- and eonecr- or necro- combining form "LL, fr. Gk nekr-, nekro-, fr. nekros dead body, dead person# "1 a : those that are dead : the dead : corpses $necrophilism% "b : one that is dead : corpse $necropsy% "2 : death $necrobiosis% : conversion to dead tissue : atrophy $necrosis% "3 : extinct : fossil $necrotype% nect- or necto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk n"ktos, fr. n"chein to swim & more at "$#'-# : swimming : for swimming $nectocalyx% -nectae n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk n"ktai, pl. of n"kt"s swimmer, fr. n"chein to swim# : ones that swim in a 'specified( way & taxonomic names in zoology $Cystonectae% -nectes n combining form "NL, fr. Gk n"kt"s swimmer, fr. n"chein to swim & more at "$#'-# : one that swims in a 'specified( way & in generic names in zoology $Chironectes% nem- or nema- or nemo- combining form "Gk * NL+ NL nem-, nemo-, fr. Gk n"ma# "1 : thread $nemathecium% $Nemichthys% $Nemocera% "2 : nematode $nemacide% $nemic% -nema n combining form, pl -nemata or -nemas "NL, fr. Gk n"ma thread# : one having, being, or resembling 'such( a thread $chromonema% & esp. in generic names in botany and zoology $Hyalonema% $Scytonema% nemat- or nemato- combining form "NL, fr. Gk n"mat-, fr. n"mat-, n"ma thread# "1 : thread $nematic% $Nematospora% "2 : nematode $nematocide% -neme n combining form -# "NL -nema# : thread $axoneme% $desmoneme% nephel- or nephelo- combining form "F néphél-, fr. Gk nephel-, nephelo-, fr. nephel"# "1 : cloud $nephelognosy% "2 : cloudiness $nephelometer% nephonepho- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk, fr. nephos# : cloud $nephology% nephr- or nephro- combining form "LL nephr- * NL nephro-, fr. Gk nephr-, nephro-, fr. nephros# "1 : kidney $nephric% $nephrology% "2 : nephric and $nephroabdominal% $nephrogastric% -nephros also -nephron n combining form, pl -nephroi also -nephra "NL, fr. Gk nephros# : kidney $pronephros% nerv- or nervi- or nervo- combining form "ME nerv-, fr. L, fr. nervus sinew, nerve# "1 : nerve $nervate% $nerviduct% "2 : nervous and $nervomuscular% neso- combining form "NL, fr. Gk n"so-, fr. n"sos$ akin to Gk n"chein, n"chesthai to swim, L nare# : island $Nesogaean% -ness n suffix -$# "ME -nes, -ness, -nesse, fr. OE -nes, -ness, -nyss, -nys$ akin to OS -nissi, -nussi -ness, MD -nisse, -nesse, OHG -nissa, -nass', -nuss', Goth -inassus '-n-, -in- being orig. part of the stem(# : state : condition : quality : degree $goodness% $greatness% $sickness% neur- or neuro- combining form "neur- fr. Gk, nerve, sinew, fr. neuron$ neuro- fr. NL, fr. Gk, nerve, sinew, fr. neuron# "1 : neural tissue : nerve $neuroanatomy% $neurosarcoma% $neurotrophy% "2 : neural $neurectoderm% $neurocyte% $neuromalacia% $Neuroptera% "3 : neural and $neurocardiac% $neuropsychic% $neurovascular% -neura n combining form, pl -neura "NL, fr. Gk neuron nerve# : one or ones having 'such( nerves or veins & in taxonomic names $Dasyneura% $Streptoneura% neutro- combining form "LL, fr. L neutr-, neuter of neuter gender# "1 : neutral $neutrophile% $neutroceptor% "2 : neutrophil $neutropenia% niceno- combining form, usu cap "Nicene# : Nicene and $Niceno-Constantinopolitan% nicotin- or nicotino- combining form "nicotin- fr. nicotine$ nicotino- fr. nicotine + -o-# "1 : nicotine : tobacco $nicotinism% $nicotinophobe% "2 "nicotin- ISV, fr. nicotinic$ nicotino- ISV nicotin ic + -o-# : nicotinic acid $nicotinamide% $nicotinonitrile% -nik n suffix -# "Yiddish, fr. Pol * Ukrainian# : one connected with or characterized by being $peacenik% $neatnik% nimbo- combining form "NL nimbus# : nimbus and $nimbostratus% nitr- or nitro- combining form "L * Gk+ L nitrum natron, fr. Gk nitron# "1 : nitrate $nitrobacteria% $nitrogen% "2 : containing nitrogen in combined form esp. when derived from an acid 'as nitric acid( $nitramide% $nitrohydrochloric acid% noci- combining form "L noc"re to hurt, harm + E -i-# : pain $nociperception% noct- or nocti- or nocto- combining form "noct- fr. NL, fr. L noct-, nox$ nocti- fr. L, fr. noct-, nox$ nocto- fr. noct- + -o-# : night : during the night $noctambulation% $noctiflorous% $noctovision% nomo- combining form "Gk, fr. nomos# : usage : law $nomology% -nomy n combining form -$# "ME -nomie, fr. OF, fr. L -nomia, fr. Gk, fr. -nomos distributing, arranging + -ia -y+ akin to Gk nemein to distribute, manage# : system of laws governing or sum of knowledge regarding a 'specified( field $astronomy% $agronomy% !non- prefix "ME, fr. MF, fr. L non not, fr. OL noenum, fr. nenot + oinom, neut. of oinos one# : not : reverse of : absence of $nonacademic% $nonconformity% $nonbreakable% $nonproductive% $nonintervention% $non-Arabic% $non-Mormon% $nonrush hours% "non- or nona- combining form "L non-, fr. nonus ninth# : ninth : nine $nonagon% $nonane% noo- combining form "LGk noo-, fr. Gk noos, nous# : mind $nooscopic% nor- combining form "ISV, fr. normal# "1 : parent compound from which 'a specified compound( may be regarded as derived 'as by removal of side chains from a ring system( & esp. in names of terpenes $norbornane% "2 : compound of normal structure isomeric with the one to the name of which it 36 occlus- is prefixed $norleucine% "3 : homologue lower by one methylene group & esp. in names of steroids and alkaloids $norcholane% $nornicotine% norm- or normo- combining form "ISV, fr. normal# : normal $normergy% $normoblast% $normotension% nos- or noso- combining form "prob. fr. LL noso-, fr. Gk nos-, noso-, fr. nosos# : disease $nosetiology% $nosogeography% !not- or noto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk n&t-, n&to-, fr. n&tos, n&ton back# : back : back part $notochord% $notalgia% "not- or noto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk notos south wind, south, southwest+ akin to Gk noteros damp# : south : southern $Notalian% $Nototherium% -not adv combining form "not# : not $cannot% noth- or notho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk noth-, notho-, fr. nothos bastard, spurious, born of unequal parents# : bastard : spurious : hybrid $Notharctus% $Nothosaurus% -notus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk n&tos, n&ton back# : one having a 'specified( kind of back & in generic names of animals $Camponotus% $Pycnonotus% nov- or novo- combining form "L novus new# : new $Novanglian% -n&t or -nt adv combining form "by contr.# : not $isn!t% $needn!t% $can!t% nucle- or nucleo- also nuclei- combining form "F nuclé-, nucléo-, nucléi-, fr. NL nucleus# "1 : nucleus : nuclear $nucleofugal% $nucleon% $nucleiform% $nucleogony% "2 : nucleic acid $nucleoprotein% nucleol- or nucleolo- combining form "ISV, fr. NL nucleolus# : nucleolus $nucleolocentrosome% $nucleoloid% nudi- combining form "LL, fr. L nudus naked# : naked : bare $Nudibranchia% $nudiped% nulli- combining form "LL, fr. L nullus# : no : none : null $nullifidian% $nulliform% $nulliparous% nyct- or nycti- or nycto- combining form "NL, fr. L, fr. Gk nykt-, nykti-, nykto-, fr. nykt-, nyx night# : night $Nyctanthes% $nyctitropic% $nyctophobia% -nycteris n combining form "NL, fr. Nycteris# : bat & in generic names nymph- or nympho- also nymphi- combining form "F nymph-, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. nymph"# "1 : nymph $nympholepsy% "2 : nymphae $nymphotomy% $nymphitis% "3 : nymphaea $nymphoides% "4 : nympha $nymphosis% -nyxis n combining form, pl -nyxes "NL, fr. Gk nyxis act of pricking, of stabbing+ akin to Gk nyssein, nyttein to prick, sting# : puncture $pyronyxis% $scleronyxis% o- or oo- combining form "Gk &i-, &io-, fr. &ion egg# : egg $oidium% $oology%+ specif : ovum $oogenesis% $oogonium% !-o n suffix -# "perh. fr. oh# : one that is or that constitutes or that has the qualities of or that is in some way associated with $boyo% $bucko% & chiefly in informal or nonstandard speech+ often in place of the missing element in a shortened word $compo% $combo%+ in writing sometimes attached to its base by a hyphen $daddy-o% or sometimes attached to the reduplicated final consonant of its base $kiddo% "-o interj suffix "prob. fr. oh# & in interjections formed from other parts of speech $cheerio% $righto%, esp. imitative words $smacko% $bango% -oate n suffix -# "-o ic + -ate# : salt or ester of a carboxylic acid with a name ending in -oic $caproate% $octanoate% ob- prefix "ME, fr. OF, fr. L, to, toward, against, over, completely, fr. ob to, before, against, on account of & more at $4+-# "1 : inward $obimbricate% "2 : incompletely $obrotund% $obround% "3 : in reverse order $obdiplostemonous% "4 : inverse $obovate% $obconic% $obcordate% obtusi- combining form "NL, fr. L obtusus, past part.# : obtusely $obtusirostrate% $obtusifolious% occipit- or occipito- combining form "ML occipit- * NL occipito-, fr. L occipit-, occiput# "1 : occiput $occipitad% "2 : occipital and $occipitonasal% occlus- or occluso- combining form "prob. fr. 'assumed( NL occlus-, fr. L occlusus, past part. of occludere to occlude# "1 : occlusion $occlusal% $occlusometer% "2 : occlusal and $occlusogingival% -ock -ock n suffix -# "ME -oc, -ok, fr. OE -uc, -oc# : small one $bittock% $lassock% octa- or octo- also oct- combining form "Gk okta-, okt&-, okt- 'fr. okt&( * L octo-, oct- 'fr. octo(# "1 : eight $Octacnemus% $octamerous% $octoploid% $octose% "2 : containing eight atoms, groups, or equivalents $octaacetate% ocul- or oculo- combining form "L ocul-, fr. oculus# "1 : eye $oculomotor% "2 : ocular and $oculauditory% $oculofacial% !-ode n combining form -# "F, fr. Gk -&d"s, prob. fr. the stem of ozein to smell# : thing that resembles $placode% "-ode n combining form -# "Gk -odos, fr. hodos# "1 : way : path : road $electrode% "2 : electrode $diode% -odea n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk -&d"s -ode# : animals belonging to or resembling & in names of higher taxa 'as orders, suborders( $Blattodea% $Embiodea% -odes n combining form "NL, fr. Gk -&d"s -ode# : animal or plant resembling & in generic names $Goniodes% -odon n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk od&n tooth# : animal having teeth of a 'specified( kind & chiefly in the names of genera in zoology $Iguanodon% $mastodon% odont- or odonto- combining form "F, fr. Gk, fr. odont-, od&n# : tooth $odontitis% $odontocete% $odontogeny% $odontology% $odontorrhagia% -odont adj combining form "Gk odont-, od&n tooth# : having or being teeth of a 'specified( nature $heterodont% $lophodont% -odonta n combining form, pl -odonta "NL, fr. Gk odont-, od&n tooth# : animal or animals having teeth of a 'specified( nature & in names of zoological taxa $Bunodonta% $Creodonta% $Heterodonta% $Labyrinthodonta% -odontes n combining form, pl -odontes "NL, fr. Gk odontes, pl. of od&n tooth# : animal or animals having teeth of a 'specified( nature & in names of zoological taxa $Gymnodontes% $Priodontes% !-odontia n combining form, pl -odontia "NL, fr. Gk odont-, od&n tooth# : animal or animals having teeth of a 'specified( nature & in taxonomic names in zoology $Anomodontia% $Aplodontia% $Dicynodontia% "-odontia n combining form -# "NL, fr. odont- + -ia# : form, condition, or mode of treatment of the teeth $macrodontia% $saprodontia% $orthodontia% & compare -'-'"* -odonty n combining form -$# "odont- + -y# : condition of having a 'specified( type of tooth formation & chiefly in terms employed in anthropometry $selenodonty% -odus n combining form "NL, -odont-, -odus, fr. Gk odont-, odous tooth# : animal having teeth of a 'specified( kind & in generic names in zoology $Gyrodus% -ody n combining form -$# "Gk -&dia, fr. -&d"s -ode + -ia -y# : process of becoming like : metamorphosis into 'something specified( & chiefly in botanical terms $sepalody% -odynia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk, state of pain, fr. odyn" pain + -ia -y# : pain $crymodynia% $neurodynia% $omodynia% & -odynic adj combining form -oecia n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk oikia building, house, dwelling, fr. oikos house + -ia -y# : plants of a 'specified( type & in names of botanical taxa $Monoecia% $Dioecia% oen- or oeno- also en- or eno- combining form "L oen-, oeno-, fr. Gk oin-, oino-, fr. oinos# : wine $oenin% $oenology% $oenopoetic% -oholic n combining form -# : -%('.+& -oic adj suffix "-o- + -ic# : containing carboxyl or a derivative of it & in names of acids and related compounds $caproic% $hexoic% $naphthoic%+ esp : containing carboxyl in place of methyl $hexanoicacid% !-oid n suffix -# "L -o*des, fr. -o*des, adj. suffix# : something resembling a 'specified( object or having a 'specified( quality $cylindroid% $globoid% $hyperboloid% "-oid adj suffix "MF -o*de * L -o*des, fr. Gk -oeid"s, fr. -o- + -eid"s, fr. eidos form, shape, kind# : resembling : having the form or appearance of $asbestoid% $Caucasoid% $crystalloid% $granitoid% $intellectualoid% -oidal adj suffix "(-oid + -al# : -'+- $asbestoidal% -oidea or -oida or -oidei n pl suffix "-oidea, NL, fr. L -o*des -oid 37 -one + -ea, neut. pl. of -eus -eous+ -oida, NL, fr. L -o*des$ -oidei, NL, fr. L -o*des + -ei, masc. pl. of -eus -eous# : animals characterized by or of the nature of & in names of higher taxa in zoology $Echinoidea% $Hydroida% $Ganoidei% -oin n suffix -# "ISV -o- + -in# : acyloin $acetoin% !-ol n suffix -# "ISV, fr. alcohol# : chemical compound containing hydroxyl $hydrol% & esp. in names of alcohols and phenols $glycerol% $methanol% $cresol% "-ol also -ole n combining form -# "ISV, fr. L oleum oil# : hydrocarbon of the benzene series esp. in a commercial mixture containing homologous hydrocarbons $xylol% & not used systematically+ compare -$"$ ole- or oleo- also olei- combining form "F olé-, oléo-, fr. L ole-, fr. oleum# "1 : oil $oleiferous% $olein% $oleograph% $oleocyst% 2 a olein $oleo-di-stearin% "b : oleic acid $oleoyl% !-ole also -ol n combining form -# "ISV, fr. L oleum oil# "1 : chemical compound containing a five-membered ring usu. heterocyclic $imidazole% $pyrrole% "2 usu -ole : chemical compound not containing hydroxyl & esp. in names of several ethers $anisole% $phenetole% "-ole n suffix -# "F, fr. L -olus, -olum, -ola, dim. suffix# : little one $veniole% -olic adj suffix "ISV -ol + -ic# "1 : containing a triple bond & in names of acids $propiolic acid% "2 : containing hydroxyl and carboxyl & in names of hydroxy acids $oleanolicacid% olig- or oligo- combining form "ML, fr. Gk, fr. oligos$ akin to Gk loigos ruin, havoc, OIr l'ach miserable, unhappy, Lith liga sickness, Arm a,kat poor, scant, and perh. to Gk liazesthai to bend, recoil, sink# "1 : few $Oligochaeta% $oligogene% $oligomyodian% : few things $oligophagous% "2 med : deficiency : insufficiency $oligochromemia% $oliguria% "3 : little : small $oligolecithal% om- or omo- combining form "MF omo-, fr. Gk &m-, &mo-, fr. &mos# "1 : shoulder $omarthritis% "2 : of or relating to the shoulder and $omohyoid% -oma n suffix, pl -omas or -omata "L -omat-, -oma, fr. Gk -&mat-, -&ma# "1 : tumor of a 'specified( kind $adenoma% $melanoma% $hygroma% or consisting predominantly of a 'specified( kind of cell or tissue $fibroma% $myoma% $myelocytoma% or occurring in a 'specified( organ $nephroma% "2 : -'0$ ombro- combining form "Gk, fr. ombros# : rain $ombrology% -ome n suffix -# "NL -omat-, -oma, fr. L -omat-, -oma -oma# : abstract entity : group : mass : stem $caulome% $mestome% oment- or omento- combining form "omentum# : omentum $omentitis% $omentopexy% -omma n combining form "NL -ommat-, -omma, fr. Gk ommat-, omma eye+ akin to Gk &ps eye# : one having 'such( an eye or 'such or so many( eyes & in generic names in zoology $Loxomma% omn- or omni- combining form "ME omni-, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. omnis all# : all : universal : universally : without restriction $omnimeter% $omnipresent% $omnist% omphal- or omphalo- combining form "Gk, fr. omphalos# "1 : umbilicus $omphaloid% $omphaloskepsis% "2 : umbilical and $omphalomesenteric% !-on n suffix -# "ISV, alter. of -one# : chemical compound not a ketone or other oxo compound $nervon% & sometimes distinguished from -one "-on n suffix -# "fr. -on 'in anion, cation, ) ion(# "1 : elementary particle $nucleon% "2 a : unit : quantum $magneton% $photon% "b : basic hereditary component $cistron% $operon% $-on n suffix -# "NL, fr. Gk, neut. of -os 'nom. sing. masc. ending of many adjectives(# : inert gas $radon% onc- or onco- also onch- or oncho- or onci- combining form "NL, fr. Gk onkos barbed hook# "1 : barb : hook $Oncorhynchus% $Oncidium% $onchium% $Onchocerca% "2 : barbed $Oncicola% onco- or oncho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk onkos bulk, mass+ akin to Gk enenkein to carry# "1 : tumor $oncology% "2 : bulk : mass $onchosphere% $oncometer% -one n suffix -# "ISV, fr. Gk -&n" 'fem. patronymic suffix(# "1 : ketone or oxo compound not a true ketone & in names of oneirspecific organic compounds $acetone% $pentanone% $5-pyrazolone% "2 : chemical compound containing oxygen esp. in a carbonyl or analogous group 'as sulfonyl( & in names of classes of compounds $ketone% $lactone% $sulfone% "3 : ,-'" oneir- or oneiro- also onir- or oniro- combining form "Gk oneir-, oneiro-, fr. oneiros, oneiron$ akin to Arm anur- dream# : dream $oneirology% -onic adj suffix "ISV, fr. -onic 'in gluconic acid(# : containing carboxyl esp. when formed by oxidizing the aldehyde group of an aldose sugar $aldonicacid% $hexonicacid% $lactonic% -onium n suffix -# "ISV, fr. NL ammonium# : an ion having a positive charge & in names of complex cations containing hydrogen or one or more organic radicals coordinated to a central atom $oxonium% $phosphonium% $sulfonium%+ compare -+!0 1b onomato- combining form "LL, fr. Gk, fr. onomat-, onoma# : name : word $onomatomania% ont- or onto- combining form "NL, fr. LGk onto-, fr. Gk ont-, &n, pres. part. of einai to be# "1 : being : existence $ontic% "2 : individual living thing : living organism $ontogeny% -ont n combining form -# "Gk ont-, &n, pres. part. of einai to be# : cell : organism $gamont% onych- or onycho- combining form "L onych-, fr. Gk onych-, onycho-, fr. onych-, onyx# : nail of the finger or toe $onychauxis% : claw $Onychophora% -onychia n combining form -# "NL, fr. onych- + -ia# : condition of the nails of the fingers or toes $leukonychia% -onychium n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk onychion little claw# : fingernail : toenail : region of the fingernail or toenail $eponychium% $hyponychium% -onym n combining form -# "ME -onyme, fr. L -onymum, fr. Gk -&nymon, fr. neut. of -&nymos, adj. comb. form 'as in hom&nymos having the same name(# : name : word $allonym% $hyponym% -onymy n combining form -$# "L -onymia, fr. Gk -&nymia, fr. -&nymos 'as in hom&nymos( + -ia -y# "1 : kind of name or word : kind or set of names or words $hydronymy% "2 : study of a 'specified( kind of names or words $anthroponymy% -onyx n combining form "NL, fr. Gk onych-, onyx nail of the finger or toe, claw# : one having 'such( nails or claws & chiefly in generic names of animals $Coleonyx% oophor- or oophoro- combining form "NL oophoron# : ovary : ovarian $oophorectomy% $oophorotomy% -ope n combining form -# "F, fr. LL -op-, -ops having 'such( eyes, fr. Gk &p-, &ps eye, face# : one having eyes with a 'specified( defect $hypermetrope% operculi- combining form "NL operculum# : operculum $operculiferous% $operculiform% ophi- or ophio- combining form "Gk, fr. ophis snake# "1 : snake : serpent $ophiophagous% $ophiolatrous% "2 a : thing suggesting a snake $ophicalcite% "b : being or resembling a snake in respect to a 'specified( structure or quality $ophiocephalus% -ophis n combining form "Gk ophis snake# : snake : serpent & in generic names esp. in herpetology $Hydrophis% ophthalm- or ophthalmo- combining form "Gk, fr. ophthalmos eye# "1 : eye : eyeball $ophthalmotomy% $ophthalmectomy% "2 : of or affecting the eyes $ophthalmocarcinoma% $ophthalmalgia% -ophthalma or -ophthalmia n pl combining form "-ophthalma, NL, fr. Gk, neut. pl. of adj. comb. form -ophthalmos having a 'specified( eye, fr. ophthalmos$ -ophthalmia, NL, fr. Gk ophthalmos + NL -ia# : ones having a 'specified( eye & used in higher taxa esp. of arthropods $Edriophthalma% $Podophthalmia% -ophthalmia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk, fr. ophthalmos eye + -ia -y# : condition of having 'such( eyes $microphthalmia% -ophthalmus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk -opthalmos, fr. ophthalmos eye# "1 : one having a 'specified( kind of eye & in generic names usu. of arthropods $Megophthalmus% "2 -$# : eyes of a 'specified( form or in a 'specified state $megalophthalmus% 38 ornith- -opia n combining form "NL, fr. Gk -&pia, fr. &ps eye, face + -ia -y# "1 also -opy pl -opias+ also -opies "NL -opia# "a : vision : condition of having 'such( vision $diplopia% $amblyopy% "b : possession of an eye or eyes with a 'specified( defect $anopia% "2 : one having a 'specified( kind of eye & in generic names in zoology $Heteropia% opio- combining form "Gk opion opium# : opium $opiomania% $opiophagous% opisth- or opistho- combining form "Gr, fr. opisthen, opithen behind, in the rear+ akin to Gk epi on, upon & more at $4+-# 1 : having something 'specified( located dorsally or posteriorly $opisthotic% $opisthandric% "2 : dorsal or posterior $opisthaptor% $opisthodome% opo- combining form "Gk, fr. opos# : juice : sap $opotherapy% oppositi- combining form "L oppositus# : situated opposite : having the corresponding parts opposite $oppositifolious% $oppositisepalous% -ops n combining form "Gk -&p-, -&ps, fr. &p-, &ps eye, face# "1 pl -ops or -opses : organism with a 'specified( kind of eye or face & chiefly in generic names $megalops% $Stylops% $Selenops% 2 : organism resembling a 'specified( thing & in generic names usu. combined with the names of other genera $Echinops% $Dryobalanops% -opsia or -opsy n combining form, pl -opsias or -opsies "-opsia fr. NL, fr. Gk, fr. opsis appearance, vision + -ia -y+ -opsy fr. Gk -opsia & more at -opsis# : vision of a 'specified( kind or condition $anopsia% $hemiopsia% -opsis n combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. opsis appearance, vision# "1 a : organism resembling or having a part that resembles a 'specified( thing & in generic names $Chilopsis% $Ampelopsis% "b pl -opses : structure resembling a 'specified( thing $caryopsis% "2 pl -opses : -'4#+% opson- or opsono- combining form "opsonin# : opsonin $opsonic% $opsonotherapy% $opsonophilic% -opsy n combining form -$# "Gk -opsia# "1 : -'4#+% "2 : examination $biopsy% optico- combining form "F, fr. Gk optikos# "1 : optical and $opticochemical% "2 : relating or belonging to the eye : ocular $opticopupillary% "3 : optic and $supraopticohypophyseal% $opticochiasmatic% -opticon n combining form -# "stereopticon# : stereopticon $panopticon% $sciopticon% opto- combining form "Gk optos, verbal of opsesthai to be going to see# "1 : vision $optometer% "2 : eye $optoblast% $optotype% 3 : optic : optic and $optokinetic% $optocoele% !-or n suffix -# "ME -or, -our, fr. OF -eor, -eur * L -or$ OF -eor, -eur, partly fr. L -or$ partly fr. L -ator, fr. -atus -ate + -or# : one that does a 'specified( thing $grantor% $alternator% $occlusor% $elevator% "-or n suffix -# "ME -or, -our, fr. OF -eur, fr. L -or# : condition : activity $demeanor% ore- or oreo- combining form "L, fr. Gk, fr. ore-, oros mountain, hill# : mountain $Oreophasis% $Oreortyx% $Oreamnos% & compare ,')'-orexia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk orexis desire, appetite, longing + L -ia -y# : desire : appetite $cynorexia% $parorexia% organ- or organo- combining form "ME, fr. ML, fr. L organum# 1 a : organ $organelle% $organogenesis% $organonymy% "b : organic substance or life $organogenic% "2 a : organic : organic and $organochemical% $organomineral% "b : organometallic $organotin% $organoarsenic% $organophosphorus% ori- combining form "MF, fr. LL, fr. L or-, os mouth# "1 : mouth $orifice% "2 : mouth and $orifacial% -orial adj suffix "ME -oriale, fr. L -orius -ory + ME -ale -al# : of, belonging to, or connected with $gressorial% $insessorial% -orium n suffix, pl -oriums or -oria "L, fr. neut. of -orius -ory# "1 : place for $natatorium% "2 : thing used for $haustorium% -ornis n combining form, pl -ornithes "NL, fr. Gk ornis# : bird $Heliornis% $Archaeornithes% ornith- or ornitho- combining form "L, fr. Gk, fr. ornith-, ornis# : bird $ornithichnite% $ornithography% oro!oro- combining form "Gk oros mountain# : mountain $orography% $orogenesis% $orophyte% : elevation $orometer% "oro- combining form "L or-, os mouth# : mouth $oropharynx% : mouth and $orofacial% orth- or ortho- combining form "ME, fr. MF, straight, right, true, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. orthos$ akin to Goth gawrisqan to bring fruit, Skt !rdhva upright, high, vardhate he increases# "1 a : straight : upright : vertical $orthoceras% $orthal% $orthograde% $orthosymmetric% "b : exact : parallel $orthodiagram% $ortho-cousin% $orthodome% "2 : correct : corrective $orthometry% $orthodontia% "3 : an acid in the highest hydrated or hydroxylated form known either in the free state or in salts or esters $orthoarsenic acid% $orthoformic acid% & compare 0$*%- 4b, 41)- 2a "4 : derived from igneous rock & in the name of a metamorphic rock $orthogneiss% $orthosite%+ compare 4%)%!-ory n suffix -$# "ME -orie, fr. L -orium, fr. neut. of -orius, adj. suffix# : one that relates to or is used for: as "a : place of or for $reformatory% $observatory% "b : something that serves for $crematory% "-ory adj suffix "ME -orie, -oire, fr. MF * L+ MF -orie -oire, fr. OF, fr. L -orius# "1 : of, relating to, or characterized by $observatory% $gustatory% "2 : containing, involving, or conveying $amendatory% $compulsory% "3 : serving for, producing, or maintaining $classificatory% $equilibratory% $justificatory% oryct- or orycto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk oryktos formed by digging, dug, verbal of orychein, oryssein to dig# : fossil : mineral $oryctology% $oryctognosy% oryz- or oryzo- also oryzi- combining form "NL, fr. L oryza rice, fr. Gk# : rice $oryzivorous% $Oryzomys% !-ose adj suffix "ME, fr. L -osus# : full of : having : possessing the qualities of $cladose% "-ose n suffix -# "F, fr. glucose# "1 : carbohydrate $amylose%+ esp : sugar $fructose% $pentose% "2 : primary hydrolysis product $proteose% $-ose n suffix -# "NL -osis# : -'#+# 4 $chytridiose% -oside n suffix -# "ISV #-ose + -ide# : glycoside or similar compound $ganglioside% $heteroside% & compare -+-$ 2b -osis n suffix, pl -oses or -osises "ME, fr. L, fr. Gk -&sis, fr. -&'medial vowel characteristic of derivatives of certain verbs( + -sis# "1 a : action : process : condition $hypnosis% "b : abnormal or diseased condition $leukosis% "2 : increase : formation $leukocytosis% "3 : arrangement $pterylosis% "4 "NL, fr. L# : disease caused by a 'specified( fungus $chytridiosis% osm- or osmo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk osm-, fr. osm"# "1 : odor : smell $Osmorhiza% "2 a : osmium $osmic% "b osmo: osmous $osmocyanide% -osma n combining form "NL, fr. Gk osm"# : one having 'such( an odor & in generic names of plants $Barosma% $Coprosma% osmo- combining form "osmose# : osmosis : osmotic $osmometer% -osphresia also -osphrasia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk osphr"sis sense of smell * Gk osphrasia odor+ akin to Gk ozein to smell# : sense of smell $anosphresia% $anosphrasia% osse- or osseo- combining form "L osse- 'in osseus(# "1 : bone $ossein% "2 : osseous and $osseocartilaginous% ossi- combining form "L, fr. oss-, os# : bone $ossific% -ost n combining form -# "Gk osteon# : bone $actinost% oste- or osteo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. osteon# : bone $osteal% $osteomyelitis% osteochondr- or osteochondro- combining form "ISV oste- + chondr-# : bone and cartilage $osteochondropathy% $osteochrondrous% -osteon n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk osteon bone# : bone : bone part $lophosteon% -osteus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk osteon bone# : one having 'such( a bone or bones & in generic names esp. of fishes $Coccosteus% -ostosis n combining form, pl -ostoses or -ostosises "NL, fr. Gk -ost&sis, fr. osteon bone + -&sis -osis# : ossification of a 'specified( part or to a 'specified( degree $hyperostosis% $ectostosis% 39 -oyl ostrac- or ostraco- combining form "NL, fr. Gk ostrak-, ostrako-, fr. ostrakon# : shell $Ostracoidea% $Ostracophori% -ostraca n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk -ostraka 'neut. pl. of -ostrakos, fr. ostrakon shell(# : ones having 'such( a shell & in names of taxa chiefly of crustaceans $Arthrostraca% $Conchostraca% ostre- or ostrei- or ostreo- combining form "L ostre-, fr. ostrea# : oyster $ostreiform% $ostreoid% $ostreophagous% ot- or oto- combining form "Gk &t-, &to-, fr. &t-, ous# : ear $otitis% $otology% $otoscope% $otosteal% : ear and $otolaryngology% -ote n suffix -# "L * Gk+ L -otes, fr. Gk -&t"s# : inhabitant : native $Capriote% !-otic adj suffix "Gk -&tikos, fr. -&tos, suffix used to form adjectives derived fr. certain verbs * -&t"s, suffix used to form agent nouns derived fr. certain verbs + -ikos -ic# "1 a : of, relating to, or characterized by a 'specified( action, process, or condition $holocoenotic% "b : having an abnormal or diseased condition of a 'specified( kind $aphosphorotic% "2 : showing an increase or a formation of 'something specified( $leukocytotic% "3 : of, relating to, or characterized by having a disease caused by a 'specified( fungus $blastomycotic% & often used to form adjectives corresponding to nouns in -osis "-otic adj combining form "Gk &tikos of the ear# "1 : of or relating to a 'specified( part of the ear $epiotic% $entotic% "2 a : of or relating to an area having a 'specified( spatial relationship to the ear $parotic% $periotic% "b : of or relating to a bone having a 'specified( spatial relationship to the ear $prootic% $sphenotic% -ous adj suffix "ME, partly fr. OF -ous, -os, -eus, -eux, fr. L -osus$ partly fr. L -us 'final portion of the nom. sing. masc. form of adjectives such as fatuus foolish, fuscus brown# "1 : full of : abounding in : having : possessing the qualities of $clamorous% $glamorous% $cystous% $lymphous% "2 : having a valence lower than in compounds or ions named with an adjective ending in -ic $ferrousiron% $sulfurousacid% & compare --+*$ & -ously adv suffix out- prefix "ME, fr. out, adv.# : in a manner that goes beyond, surpasses, or excels $outdance% $outfight% $outrun% $outbluff% $outmaneuver% ov- or ovi- or ovo- combining form "L ov-, ovi-, fr. ovum# "1 a : egg $ovejector% $oviform% $ovomucoid% "b : ovum $ovocyte% $ovogenesis% "2 : ovally $ovo-elliptic% ovari- or ovario- also ovar- combining form "NL, fr. ovarium# "1 : ovary $ovaritis% $ovariectomy% $ovariotomy% "2 : ovarian and $ovario-abdominal% !ox- or oxo- combining form "F, fr. oxygène oxygen# : containing oxygen & esp. in the names of various cyclic compounds $oxazole% "ox- combining form "by shortening# : '6%.- $oxamide% oxa- or ox- combining form "ISV, fr. (ox- + -a-# : containing oxygen in place of carbon or regarded as in place of carbon usu. in place of the methylene group $CH#$ $10H-9-oxaanthracene% $oxazacycloheptane% & compare %;%-, *(+%oxal- or oxalo- combining form "F, fr. 'acide( oxalique oxalic acid# : related to oxalic acid $oxalamide% $oxalosuccinic% oxido- combining form "ISV, fr. oxide# "1 : oxide+ specif : $4'61& in names of organic chemical compounds $oxidoethane% "2 : oxidation $oxidoreduction% oxo- combining form "(ox-# : containing oxygen as a doubly coordinated group $dioxouranium 'VI( UO#++% !oxy- combining form "ME, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. oxys$ akin to Gk achn" chaff# "1 : sharp : keen : pointed : acute $oxyaster% $oxycephaly% $oxydactyl% $oxyrhynchous% "2 : quick $oxytocic% "3 : acid $oxyphytic% $oxyphile% "oxy- combining form "F, fr. oxygène oxygen# "1 a : containing oxygen or additional oxygen $oxycellulose% $oxyhemoglobin% b : containing oxygen in the form of an oxide $oxychloride% 2 : (1-)'61- & not used systematically $oxynaphthoic% "3 : of oxygen and $oxyhydrogen% -oyl n combining form -# "ISV -o- 'as in -oic( + -yl# : acid radical & used in the system of nomenclature adopted by the ozonInternational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in names of radicals derived from acids whose names end in -oic $decanoyl% and also most other organic acids $oleoyl% $phthaloyl%+ compare -1. ozon- or ozono- combining form "ISV, fr. ozone# : ozone $ozonize% pachy- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. pachys$ akin to ON bingr heap, Latvian bìezs dense, thick, Av bazah high, deep, Skt bahu dense, much, many# : thick $Pachydermata% $pachytene% $pachymeter% paed- or paedo- or ped- or pedo- also paid- or paido- combining form "Gk paid-, paido-, fr. paid-, pais child, boy# : child $paedomorphism% $paedobaptism% : offspring $paedogenesis% -pagus n combining form, pl -pagi "NL, fr. Gk pagos something fixed, rock, frost# : monster with a 'specified( type of fixation $craniopagus% palato- combining form "L palatum palate# "1 : palate : of the palate $palatogram% $palatoplegia% "2 : palatal and $palatodental% pale- or paleo- or palae- or palaeo- also palaio- combining form "Gk palai-, palaio-, fr. palaios old, ancient, fr. palai long ago+ akin to Gk t"le far, far off, Skt carama last, outermost# "1 a : remote in point of time $Paleocene% "b : involving ancient forms or conditions $paleoclimate% "c : of ancient origin : ancestral $Paleo-Eskimo% "d : dealing with ancient or fossil forms $paleobotany% "2 : early : primitive : archaic $paleoanthropic% $palaeotypography% "3 : Old World $Paleotropical% 4 : of pre-Tertiary origin & in names of minerals $paleopicrite% pali- combining form "Gk palin, pali again, back+ akin to Gk polos pivot, axis# : pathological state characterized by repetition of a 'specified( act $palilalia% $palirrhea% pallidi- combining form "L pallidus# : pale $pallidiflorous% $pallidipalpate% pallido- combining form "NL 'globus( pallidus + -o-# "1 : globus pallidus $pallidofugal% "2 : pallidal and $pallidohypothalamic% pallio- combining form "NL palli um + -o-# "1 : pallium : sheet $palliostratus% "2 : pallial and $paliocardiac% palmat- or palmati- combining form "LL palmatus palmate# "1 : palmate $palmatic% $palmatiform% "2 : palmately $palmatifid% palmi- combining form "L, fr. palma palm# "1 : palm tree $palmicolous% $palmivorous% "2 a : palmat- $palmilobate% $palminerved% "b : with or on the palms $palmigrade% paludi- combining form "LL, fr. L palud-, palus marsh# : marsh $paludicole% pam- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, alter. of pan- & more at 4%"-# : 4%"pan- or pano- combining form "Gk, fr. pan, neut. of pas all, every+ akin to Skt śaśvat all, every, śvayati he swells# "1 a : all : completely $pancyclopedic% $panophobia% $pancultural% $pangenesis% $pantelegraph% "b often cap : all of a 'specified( group & usu. joined to the second element with a hyphen $pan-sectarian% $Pan-Asian% $Pan-Slavism% "2 : whole : general $panatrophy% $pancarditis% $panhysterectomy% $panesthesia% pancreat- or pancreato- combining form "NL, fr. Gk pankreat-, pankreas pancreas# "1 : pancreas $pancreatalgia% : pancreas and $pancreatoduodenectomy% "2 : pancreatic $pancreatism% pancreatico- combining form "ISV, fr. pancreatic# "1 : pancreatic $pancreaticogastrostomy% "2 : pancreatic and $pancreaticobiliary% $pancreaticoduodenal% pant- or panto- also panta- combining form "MF panto-, fr. L, fr. Gk pant-, panto-, fr. pant-, pas all, every & more at 4%"-# : 4%"- $pantobase% $pantagraph% $pantophobia% $pantotype% papill- or papillo- combining form "F papill-, fr. L papilla nipple# "1 : papilla $papilliferous% $papilliform% "2 : papillary $papilledema% $papilloma% $papilloretinitis% "3 : papillomatous $papillocarcinoma% $papillosarcoma% papulo- combining form "NL, fr. L papula# "1 : papula $papulopustular% "2 : papulous and $papulosquamous% $papulovesicular% 40 -pathy papyro- combining form "Gk, fr. papyros papyrus# "1 : papyrus $papyrology% "2 : paper $papyrograph% !para- or par- prefix "ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. para$ akin to Gk pro before, ahead# "1 a : beside : alongside of $paracentral% $parabiosis% $parasynapsis% "b : parallel $paraheliotropism% "c : parasitic $parazoon% "d : associated in a subsidiary or accessory capacity $paramilitary% "e : closely resembling the true form : almost & esp. in names of diseases $paratyphoid% "2 : isomeric with, polymeric with, or otherwise closely related to $paraldehyde% $paracasein% $paraperiodic acid% & compare 0$*%- 4a "3 : beyond : outside of $parenteral% "4 a : faulty, irregular, or disordered condition : abnormal $paralexia% $paranoia% $paraphrenia% "b : perversion $parabulia% $paracanthosis% "c : abortive $paracarpium% $parastyle% 5 : derived from an original sediment & in the name of a metamorphic rock $paragneiss%+ compare ')*("para- combining form "parachute# "1 : specially trained or equipped for descent by parachute from airplanes $parabomb% $paramarine% $paratrooper% "2 : of, by, or in defense against armed parachutists $paraspotter% -para n combining form, pl -paras or -parae "L, fr. parere to bring forth, bear 'young(# "1 : woman that has been delivered of 'a specified number of( children $nullipara% "2 : female that produces 'a specified kind or number of( eggs or gives birth to 'a specified kind or number of( young $gynopara% $multipara% parasit- or parasito- also parasiti- combining form "ISV, fr. parasite# : parasite $parasitemia% $parasitophobia% $parasiticide% pari- combining form "ME, fr. MF, fr. ML, fr. L par# : equal : equally $paridigitate% parieto- combining form "parietal# : parietal and $parietofrontal% -parous adj combining form "L -parus, fr. parere to give birth to, beget, produce# : giving birth to : bearing : producing $biparous% $fetiparous% $viviparous% $oviparous% parthen- or partheno- combining form "Gk, maiden, virgin, fr. parthenos# : virgin : without fertilization $parthenogenesis% $parthenote% !parti- also party- combining form "obs. E party, adj., parti-colored, fr. ME party, parti, fr. MF parti striped, party per pale, fr. OF, fr. parti, past part. of partir to divide, go away# : various : variegated $parti-striped% "parti- combining form "L, fr. part-, pars# : part $parti-mortgage% -partism n combining form -# "F -partisme, fr. parti political party 'fr. MF, match, party, decision( + -isme# : tendency toward or active operation of a 'specified( number of political parties in a governmental system $multi-partism% parv- or parvi- also parvo- combining form "L parv-, parvi-, fr. parvus$ akin to Gk pauros small, slight# : small $parvanimity% $parvifolious% $Parvobacteriaceae% path- or patho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. pathos experience, emotion, passion, suffering# "1 : pathological $pathomorphosis% "2 : pathological and $pathohistological% "3 : pathological state : disease $pathogen% $pathergy% "4 : emotion $pathometer% -path n combining form -# "in sense 1, fr. G, back-formation fr. -pathie -pathy+ in sense 2, ISV, fr. Gk -path"s, fr. pathos# "1 : a practitioner of a 'specified( system of medicine that emphasizes some one aspect of disease and its treatment $allopath% $hydropath% $osteopath% "2 : one suffering from a 'specified( kind of ailment $psychopath% $neuropath% -pathia n combining form -# "NL & more at -4%*(1# : -4%*(1 2 $hyperpathia% $lymphopathia% -pathic adj combining form "ISV -pathy + -ic# "1 : feeling, suffering, or affected in a 'specified( way $telepathic% "2 : affected by disease of a 'specified( part or kind $myopathic% "3 : relating to therapy based on a 'specified( unitary theory of disease or its treatment $homeopathic% pathologico- combining form "ISV, fr. pathological# : pathological and $pathologicoanatomical% -pathy n combining form -$# "L -pathia, fr. Gk -patheia, fr. patrpath-, stem of paschein to experience, suffer# "1 : feeling : suffering $apathy% $telepathy% "2 : disease of a 'specified( part or kind $idiopathy% $myopathy% "3 : therapy or system of therapy based on a 'specified( unitary theory of disease or its treatment $homeopathy% patr- or patri- or patro- combining form "patr- partly fr. L, fr. patr-, pater$ partly fr. Gk, fr. patr-, pat"r$ patri- fr. ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. patr-, pater$ patro-, NL, fr. Gk, fr. patr-, pat"r# : father $patrikin% $patrilineal% $patristic% $patroclinal% $patrogenesis% $patronomatology% pauci- combining form "L, fr. paucus little# : few $paucifoliate% $paucidisperse% -pe- combining form "piperidine# : complete hydrogenation & in names of cyclic bases $lupetidine% $pipecoline% pectin- or pectini- combining form "NL pectin-, pecten pecten# : comb : pecten $pectinoid% $pectiniform% $Pectinibranchia% !ped- or pedi- or pedo- combining form "ped-, pedi- fr. L, fr. ped-, pes foot+ pedo- fr. ped- + -o-# "1 : foot : feet $pediform% $pedigerous% $pedicure% "2 : a creature or object 'specified( having feet or footlike projections $Pediastrum% $pedrail% "3 : something 'specified( involving the feet $pedomotor% "ped- or pedo- combining form "Gk pedon ground, earth# : soil $pedogenesis% $pedogeography% !-ped adj combining form "L -ped-, -pes, fr. ped-, pes foot# : having 'such or so many( feet $scutiped% "-ped or -pede n combining form -# "L ped-, pes# : foot $maxilliped% $maxillipede% pedati- combining form "L pedatus# : pedate $pedatiform% : pedately $pedatisect% pedi- or pedio- combining form "Gk, fr. pedion# : flat surface : plain $Pedioecetes% : sole of the foot $pedialgia% $Pediococcus% pel- or pelo- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk p"l-, p"lo-, fr. p"los$ perh. akin to L pall"re to be pale# : clay : mud $pelite% $Pelomyxa% pelag- or pelago- combining form "L pelag-, fr. Gk pelag-, pelago-, fr. pelagos# : sea $pelagial% -pellic adj combining form "Gk pella wooden bowl + E -ic# : having 'such( a pelvis $dolichopellic% -pelmous adj combining form "Gk pelma sole of the foot + E -ous# : having 'such( a sole $heteropelmous% pelv- or pelvi- or pelvo- combining form "ISV, fr. NL pelvis# "1 : pelvis $pelvic% $pelviscope% "2 : pelvic and $pelvisacral% $pelvorenal% pene- also pen- prefix "L paene-, pene-, fr. paene, pene almost# : almost $peneplain% $penacute% -penia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk penia poverty, lack# : deficiency of $erythropenia% $thrombopenia% $eosinopenia% penni- also penno- combining form "L penni-, fr. penna feather, wing# "1 : feather $pennoplume% $penniform% "2 : pinnately $penninerved% $penniveined% penta- or pent- or pen- combining form "ME pent-, fr. Gk pent-, penta-, fr. pente# "1 : five $pentacyclic% $pentahedron% $pentalobate% $pentode% "2 : containing five atoms, groups, or equivalents $pentahydrate% $pentamine% $pentaacetate% $penthiophene% pentadeca- or pentadec- combining form "L Gk pentedeka-, fr. Gk pentekaideka, lit., five and ten, fr. penta- + kai and + deka ten# : fifteen $pentadecahydrate% -pepsia n combining form -# "L, fr. Gk, fr. pepsis digestion# : digestion $bradypepsia% pepsino- combining form "ISV, fr. pepsin# : pepsin $pepsinogenic% -pepsy n combining form -$# "L -pepsia# : -4$4#+% pept- or pepto- combining form "ISV, fr. peptone# : peptone $peptide% $peptogenic% pepton- combining form "ISV, fr. peptone# : 4$4*- $peptonuria% $peptonize% per- prefix "in sense 1, fr. L, throughout, thoroughly, completely, deviating from 'also, used as verbal prefix with the meanings 1through2, 1throughout2, 1thoroughly2, 1detrimentally2, and to denote completion or perfection or intensifica- 41 -phagia tion(, fr. per through, by+ in sense 2, fr. per through, by# "1 a : throughout $perdominant% "b '1( : containing the largest possible or a relatively large proportion of a 'specified( chemical element esp. as a result of exhaustive substitution for hydrogen or of exhaustive addition in an organic compound or group $perchloroethylene% $perhydronaphthalene C+,H+3% & compare 4)'*- 2a "'2( : containing an element in its highest or a high oxidation state $perchloric acid% "2 : through $perradius% : by means of $perlingual% peri- prefix "L, fr. Gk, fr. peri$ akin to Gk peran to pass through# "1 : all around : about : round $Periarctic% $pericenter% $pericyclone% $periscope% "2 : near $perihelion% "3 a : enclosing or surrounding $perineurium% $periproct% $perisinuous% "b : tissue surrounding 'a specified part( & in terms in -itis $periarthritis% pericardi- or pericardio- or pericardo- combining form "NL pericardium# "1 : pericardium $pericardiectomy% $pericardiosymphysis% $pericardotomy% "2 : pericardial and $pericardiophrenic% $pericardiopleural% periost- or perioste- or periosteo- combining form "NL periosteum# "1 : periosteum $periosteomyelitis% $periosteoma% $periostitis% "2 : periosteal and $periosteoalveolar% peripher- or periphero- combining form "periphery# "1 : periphery $peripherad% : peripheral $peripheroneural% "2 : peripheral and $peripherocentral% periton- or peritone- or peritoneo- combining form "LL peritoneum# "1 : peritoneum $peritonealgia% $peritoneoplasty% $peritonitis% "2 : peritoneal and $peritoneomuscular% $peritoneopericardial% permo- combining form, usu cap "ISV, fr. Permian# : Permian and & esp. in the names of geologic strata $Permocarboniferous% $Permopennsylvanian% $Permotriassic% peroneo- combining form "peroneal# : peroneal and $peroneocalcaneal% perono- combining form, cap "NL, fr. perone fibula# : pin : fibula $Peronospora% & in the names of taxa peta- combining form "ISV, modif. of Gk penta- penta-# : quadrillion $peta-electron volts% -petal adj combining form "NL -petus -petal 'fr. L petere to go toward, seek( + E -al# : going toward : seeking $acropetal% -petalae n pl combining form "NL, fr. fem. pl. of -petalus -petalous# : ones having 'such or so many( petals & in names of botanical groups $Choripetalae% -petalous adj combining form "NL -petalus, fr. petalum petal# : having 'such or so many( petals $apopetalous% petr- or petri- or petro- combining form "MF petr-, petri- * L petr- * NL petro-, fr. Gk petr-, petro-, fr. petros stone * petra rock# "1 a : stone : rock $petrescent% $Petricola% $petrogenesis% "b : petroleum $petroporphyrins% "2 : of or relating to the petrous portion of the temporal bone and $petrohyoid% -pexy n combining form -$# "NL, -pexia, fr. Gk -p"xia solidity, fr. p"xis solidity, freezing, putting together 'fr. p"gnynai to fix, fasten together( + -ia -y# : fixation : making fast $colloidopexy% $gastropexy% phac- or phaco- or phak- or phako- combining form "Gk phak-, phako-, fr. phakos lentil, object shaped like a lentil, mole, wart# "1 : lentil : thing shaped like a lentil $Phacochoerus% $phacolith% $Phacops% "2 a : lens $phacometer% "b usu phakor phako- : crystalline lens of the eye $phakoma% phaeo- or pheo- combining form "Gk phaio-, fr. phaios dusky, gray# : dun-colored $phaeoderm% $Phaeophyceae% & often in names of compounds related to chlorophyll $pheophytin% phag- or phago- combining form "Gk, fr. phagein to eat# "1 : eating : feeding $phagedena% $phagomania% "2 : phagocyte $phagolysis% -phaga n combining form, pl -phaga "NL, fr. Gk phagein# : eater : eaters & in taxonomic names in zoology $Entomophaga% $Lithophaga% $Xylophaga% $Glossophaga% -phage also -phag n combining form -# "Gk -phagos, fr. phagein# 1 : one that eats $ostreophage% $xylophage% "2 : cell 'as a phagocyte( that destroys cells $bacteriophage% -phagia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk & more at -4(%/1# "1 : -4(%/1 $hemophagia% "2 : desire for food $hyperphagia% -phagous -phagous adj combining form "Gk -phagos, fr. phagein to eat# : feeding esp. on a 'specified( kind of food $anthropophagous% $creophagous% $cytophagous% $saprophagous% -phagus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk -phagos# : eater : one that eats an indicated thing or in an indicated way & in generic names of animals $Melophagus% -phagy n combining form -$# "Gk -phagia, fr. phagein to eat + -ia -y# : eating of a 'specified( type or substance & esp. in biological and medical terms $anthropophagy% $biophagy% $cytophagy% $geophagy% -phalangia n combining form -# "NL, fr. phalang-, phalanx + -ia# : condition of the phalanges $brachyphalangia% -phane n combining form -# "Gk -phan"s appearing, shining, fr. phainein to show# : substance having a 'specified( form, quality, or appearance $cymophane% $glaucophane% $hydrophane% phaner- or phanero- combining form "Gk, fr. phaneros, fr. phainein to show# : visible : manifest : open $phanerocryst% $phanerogam% -phany n combining form -$# "LGk -phania, -phaneia, fr. Gk phainein to show# : appearance : manifestation $pneumatophany% $Satanophany% pharmaco- combining form "Gk pharmako-, fr. pharmakon# : medicine : drug $pharmacomania% $pharmacophobia% $pharmacotherapy% pharyng- or pharyngo- combining form "Gk, fr. pharyng-, pharynx# "1 : pharynx $pharyngalgia% $pharyngitis% "2 : pharyngeal and $pharyngonasal% -phasia also -phasy n combining form, pl -phasias also -phasies "-phasia, NL, fr. Gk, speech, fr. phasis utterance, statement, fr. phanai to say, speak+ -phasy fr. NL -phasia# : speech disorder 'of a specified type esp. relating to the symbolic use of language( $dysphasia% $tachyphasia% & compare -.%.+%, -4($0+%, -4('"1 2 phaso- combining form "phase# : phase $phasogeneous% phello- combining form "Gk, cork, fr. phellos$ prob. akin to Gk phloos bark# : cork : bark $phelloderm% $phellogen% -phemia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk -ph"mia speech, fr. -ph"mos speaking 'fr. ph"m" speech, fr. phanai to speak, say( + -ia -y# : speech disorder 'of a specified type esp. relating to the articulation or fluency of speech sounds( $aphemia% $brachyphemia% & compare -.%.+%, -4(%#+%, -4('"1 2 phen- or pheno- combining form "Gk phain-, phaino-, fr. phainein to show# "1 also phaen- or phaeno- "a : showing $phenocryst% "b : 4(%"$)- $phaenogam% "2 "phene# "a : related to benzene $phenol% : containing phenyl $phenethyl% $phenobarbital%+ esp : containing two benzene rings $phenazine% $phenothiazine% "b : phenol $phenoxide% phenanthr- or phenanthro- or phenanthra- combining form "phenanthr ene# : phenanthrene $phenanthridine% $phenanthrofuran% $phenanthraquinone% -phenone n combining form -# "phen- + -one# : aromatic ketone containing a phenyl or substituted phenyl group attached to a 'specified( acyl group $acetophenone% $benzophenone% $resacetophenone% -pher n combining form -# "Gk pherein to carry# : one that carries $chronopher% $telpher% phil- or philo- combining form "ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. philein to love, fr. philos beloved, dear, loving & more at -4(+.'!## : loving : having an affinity for $philydraceous% $philo-Celticism% $philograph% !-phil or -phile n combining form -# "F -phile, fr. Gk -philos, fr. philos beloved, dear, loving# : one that loves : lover : one having a fondness or affinity for or a strong attraction to $acidophil% $hemophile% $bibliophile% $Anglophile% "-phil or -phile adj combining form "NL -philus, fr. L, fr. Gk philos beloved, dear, loving# : loving : having a fondness or affinity for $hemophile% $Francophil% $organophile% -phila n combining form, pl -phila "NL, fr. L, fem. sing. and neut. pl. of -philus# : one or ones attracted to or living or growing by preference in & in names of biological taxa $Ammophila% $Anthophila% 42 -phoria -philia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk philia, fr. philos loving & more at -4(+.'!## "1 : tendency toward $chromatophilia% $spasmophilia% "2 : abnormal appetite or liking for $claustrophilia% -philic adj combining form "phil- + -ic# : having an affinity for : loving : attracted by : adapted to $electrophilic% $heliophilic% $lyophilic% & opposed to -phobic -philous adj combining form "Gk philos beloved, dear, loving+ prob. akin to OE bile- simple, innocent, OHG bil-, bila- goodnatured, friendly, MIr bil good# : loving : having an affinity for $dendrophilous% $lithophilous% $acidophilous% -philus n combining form "NL, fr. L, loving, fr. Gk philos# : creature attracted to 'such( a food or habitat & in generic names $Campephilus% $Spermophilus% -phily n combining form -$# "NL -philia# "1 : fondness for $toxophily% "2 : affinity for $hydrophily% $photophily% $zoophily% & chiefly in biological and chemical terms phleb- or phlebo- combining form "ME fleb-, fr. MF, fr. LL phleb-, fr. Gk, fr. phleb-, phleps blood vessel, vein+ akin to Gk phlyein, phlyzein to boil over# : vein $phlebitis% $phlebogram% phlor- or phloro- combining form "F, fr. ISV phlorizin# : related to phlorizin $phloretin% $phloroglucin% phob- or phobo- combining form "LL, fr. Gk, fr. phobos# : fear : avoidance $phobism% $phobophobia% $phobotaxis% -phobe n combining form -# "Gk -phobos -fearing, fr. phobos fear, flight# : one having a 'specified( phobia $Anglophobe% $chromophobe% $heliophobe% $photophobe% -phobic or -phobous adj combining form "-phobic fr. F -phobique, fr. LL -phobicus, fr. Gk -phobikos, fr. -phobos fearing + -ikos -ic+ phobous fr. LL -phobus, fr. Gk -phobos# "1 : exhibiting a phobia: having an aversion for $Anglophobic% $calciphobous% $heliophobous% "2 chem : lacking or relating to lack of strong affinity for 'such( a substance & opposed to -philic pholid- or pholido- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. pholid-, pholis scale of a reptile+ akin to Gk phloos bark# : scale $pholidosis% $pholidolite% -pholis n combining form "NL, fr. Gk pholis scale of a reptile# : organism having a 'specified( kind of scale & in generic names $Conopholis% phon- or phono- combining form "L, fr. Gk ph&n-, ph&no-, fr. ph&n"# : sound : voice : speech : tone $phonal% $phonograph% $phonology% -phone n combining form -# "LL -phona, fr. LGk -ph&na, fr. Gk, neut. pl. of -ph&nos -sounding, fr. ph&nein to sound# "1 : sound : voice & in names of musical instruments and sound-transmitting devices $saxophone% $earphone% $radiophone% "2 : speaker of 'a specified language( $Francophone% -phone adj combining form "F, fr. Gk -ph&nos -sounding, fr. ph&nein to sound, fr. ph&n" sound, voice# " : of or relating to a population that speaks 'a specified language( $Francophone% -phony also -phonia n combining form, pl -phonies also -phonias "ME -phonie, fr. OF, fr. L -phonia, fr. Gk -ph&nia, fr. -ph&nos -sounding 'fr. ph&nein to sound( + -ia -y# "1 : sound $acrophony% $cacophony% "2 usu -phonia : speech disorder 'of a specified type esp. relating to phonation( $dysphonia% $baryphony% & compare -.%.+%, -4(%#+%, -4($0+% -phora n combining form, pl -phora "NL, fr. fem. sing. * neut. pl. of -phorus# : organism bearing a 'specified( structure $Cladophora% : organisms bearing a 'specified( structure $Ctenophora% -phorae n pl combining form "NL, fr. fem. pl. of -phorus# : organisms carrying a 'specified( structure $Discophorae% $Physophorae% -phore or -phor n combining form -# "NL -phorus, fr. Gk -phoros, fr. pherein to carry# : carrier $chromophore% $ctenophore% $gametophore% $luminophor% $semaphore% -phoresis n combining form, pl -phoreses "NL, fr. Gk phor"sis being carried# : transmission $electrophoresis% $iontophoresis% -phoria n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk, act of carrying, fr. -phoros -phorous + -ia -y# : bearing : state : tendency $euphoria% $ideaphoria% $heterophoria% -phoric -phoric adj combining form "-phore + -ic# : having 'such( a bearing or tendency $eccoproticophoric% phoro- combining form "NL, fr. ML, fr. Gk, fr. phorein to carry along, freq. of pherein to carry# : carrying on : having motion : direction $phorozooid% $phoronomy% $phorometry% -phorous adj combining form "Gk -phoros, fr. pherein to carry# : carrying : -:$)'!#$ascophorous% $phyllophorous% $androphorous% -phorum n combining form, pl -phora "NL, fr. Gk -phoron, neut. of -phoros -phorous# : -4(')$ $hymenophorum% -phorus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk -phoros -phorous# : carrier & in generic names in zoology $Istiophorus% phos- combining form "Gk ph&s-, fr. ph&s# : light $phosacid% $phosnitric% phosph- or phospho- combining form "F, fr. phosphorique phosphoric 'in acide phosphorique phosphoric acid(# "1 : phosphoric acid : phosphate $phosphergot% $phosphoarginine% "2 : phosphorus $phosphoferrite% phosphor- or phosphoro- combining form "NL phosphorus# : phosphorus $phosphorate% : phosphoric acid $phosphoramidic acid% $phosphorothioic acid% phot- or photo- combining form "Gk ph&t-, ph&to-, fr. ph&t-, ph&s# "1 : light $photeolic% $photon% $photography% $photoperiod% "2 : photograph : photographic $photofinish% $photoalbum% $photofilm% 3 : photoelectric $photocell% $photocurrent% "4 : photon $photomeson% "5 : photochemical $photochlorination% $photoproduct% -phrasia n combining form -# "NL, fr. L phrasis diction + NL -ia# : speech disorder 'of a specified type( $embolophrasia% phren- or phreni- or phreno- combining form "L phren-, fr. Gk phren-, phreno-, fr. phren-, phr"n diaphragm, mind# "1 : mind $phrenology% "2 a : diaphragm $phrenic% "b : diaphragmatic and $phrenocardiac% "3 : phrenic nerve $phreniclasia% -phrenia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk phren-, phr"n diaphragm, mind + NL -ia# : disordered condition of mental functions $hebephrenia% phthal- or phthalo- combining form "ISV, fr. phthalic 'in phthalic acid(# : phthalic acid : related to phthalic acid $phthalamic acid% $phthalonitrile% phthisio- combining form "ISV, fr. phthisis# : phthisis $phthisiotherapy% -phthora n combining form "NL, fr. Gk phthora destruction, death, fr. phtheirein to destroy# : destroyer & in generic names of fungi $Entomophthora% phyc- or phyco- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk phyk-, phyko- seaweed, fr. phykos# : seaweed : algae $phycitol% $phycochrome% -phyceae n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk phykos seaweed# : seaweed : algae & in names of major groups of algae $Chlorophyceae% $Myxophyceae% phyl- or phylo- combining form "L phyl-, fr. Gk phyl-, phylo-, fr. phyl" tribe, clan, phyle * phylon tribe, race+ both akin to Gk phyein to bring forth# "1 : tribe : race $phylography% "2 : phylum $phylogeny% $phylar% phyll- or phyllo- combining form "NL phyllo-, fr. Gk phyll-, phyllo-, fr. phyllon# "1 : leaf $phyllomorphous% "2 : part or thing resembling a leaf $phyllidium% "3 : chlorophyll $phyllin% -phyll n combining form -# "F -phylle, fr. Gk phyllon leaf# "1 : coloring matter occurring in plants $chrysophyll% "2 "NL -phyllum, fr. Gk phyllon leaf# : leaf $microphyll% -phyllous adj combining form "NL -phyllus, fr. Gk -phyllos, fr. phyllon leaf# "1 : having 'such or so many( leaves, leaflets, or leaflike parts $isophyllous% $oligophyllous% $macrophyllous% 2 : being in 'such( a position in relation to a leaf $epiphyllous% -phyllum n combining form "NL, fr. Gk phyllon leaf# "1 : one having 'such( leaves or leaflike parts & in generic names of animals $Cyathophyllum% and esp. plants $Brachyphyllum% $Podophyllum% "2 pl -phylla : leaf $mesophyllum% "3 : fossil resembling a plant of a 'specified( group & in generic names $Sapindophyllum% -phyre n combining form -# "F -phyre, fr. porphyre porphyry, fr. ML porphyrium# : porphyritic rock $aphanophyre% -phyric adj combining form "ISV -phyre + -ic# : porphyritic $aphyric% phys- or physo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk physa bellows# "1 a 43 plan- : marked by the presence of gas $physocele% "b : swollen : bladdery $Physocephalus% $Physopsis% "2 : air bladder $Physostomi% physi- or physio- combining form "L physio-, fr. Gk physi-, physio-, fr. physis nature# "1 a : nature : natural : belonging to or concerned with the natural order $physitheism% "b : of, relating to, or concerned with the body esp. as distinct from the mind $physiogenic% "2 : physical $physiotherapy% : physical and $physiopsychic% "3 : physiological $physiopsychology% : physiological and $physiopathologic% physico- combining form "NL, fr. L physicus natural, of or relating to natural philosophy, fr. Gk physikos# "1 : natural : based on the study of nature $physicotheology% "2 : physical $physicooptics% : physical and $physicomental% "3 : combined with physics $physicochemistry% : relating to physics and $physicomathematical% phyt- or phyto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. phyton$ akin to Gk phyein to bring forth# : plant $phytobacteriology% $phytosis% -phyta n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk phyta, pl. of phyton# : plants & in names of taxa $Bryophyta% $Cormophyta% -phyte n combining form -# "ISV, fr. Gk phyton plant# "1 : plant having a 'specified( characteristic or habitat $xerophyte% $microphyte% "2 : pathological growth $osteophyte% -phytic adj combining form "ISV -phyte + -ic# : like a plant $holophytic% pico- combining form "ISV, perh. fr. It piccolo small# : one trillionth '10−45( part of $picofarad% $picogram% picr- or picro- combining form "F, fr. Gk, fr. pikros bitter# "1 : bitter $Picramnia% $Picrodendron% "2 : picric acid $picryl% $picrocarmine% "3 : containing magnesium $picromerite% -picrin n suffix -# "ISV -picr- 'fr. Gk pikros bitter( + -in# "1 : bitter substance $gentiopicrin% "2 : substance related to picric acid $chloropicrin% picto- combining form "L pictus 'past part. of pingere to paint( + E -o-# : picture $pictograph% piezo- combining form "Gk piezein to squeeze, press+ akin to Skt p'/ayati to squeeze, press+ both fr. an IE compound whose first constituent is akin to Gk epi on and whose second constituent is akin to Gk hezesthai to sit & more at $4+-# : pressure $piezometer% pigmento- combining form "L pigmentum# : pigment $pigmentogenic% !pil- or pili- or pilo- combining form "L pilus# : hair $pilosis% $pilifer% $pilocystic% "pil- or pilo- combining form "Gk, fr. pilos 'hair(# : felt $Pilocarpus% pinac- or pinaco- also pinak- combining form "L pinaco- picture, fr. Gk pinak-, pinako- board, tablet, picture, fr. pinak-, pinax$ akin to OHG wituf'na heap of wood, Russ pen! stump, stub, and prob. to Skt pin+ka staff# : tablet $pinacoid% $pinacocyte% pinn- or pinni- combining form "L, fr. pinna feather, wing, fin# : feather : fin $pinnal% $Pinnipedia% pinnati- combining form "NL, fr. pinnatus pinnate# : pinnately $pinnatisect% pisci- combining form "L, fr. piscis# : fish $piscifauna% $pisciculture% pistill- combining form "NL pistillum# : pistil $pistilline% $pistilloid% pithec- or pitheco- combining form "Gk pith"k-, pith"ko-, fr. pith"kos# : ape : monkey $pithecan% $pithecometric% -pithecus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk pith"kos# : ape & in generic names $Sivapithecus% plac- or placo- combining form "Gk plak-, plako- flat surface, tablet, fr. plak-, plax# : tablet : flat plate $placodont% $placoderm% plagi- or plagio- combining form "Gk, fr. plagios# : oblique : aslant $Plagianthus% $plagiotropic% !plan- or plano- combining form "prob. fr. NL, fr. Gk, wandering, fr. planos$ akin to Gk planasthai to wander# : moving about : motile $planuria% $planogamete% plan"plan- or plano- combining form "L planus flat, level# "1 : flat $planometer% $planoccipital% "2 : flatly $planorotund% "3 : flat and $plano-concave% plani- combining form "L planus# : flat : level : plane $planiform% $planigraphy% -plania n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk, act of wandering, fr. planos wandering + -ia -y & more at 4.%"-# : a wandering of 'a specified substance( into a tract not its own $menoplania% -plasia or -plasy n combining form, pl -plasias or -plasies "NL -plasia, fr. Gk plasis molding + NL -ia -y# : development : formation $dysplasia% $heteroplasia% $homoplasy% -plasis n combining form, pl -plases "NL, fr. Gk plasis molding, fr. plassein to mold# : molding $anaplasis% $cataplasis% $paraplasis% plasm- or plasmo- combining form "F, fr. NL plasma# "1 : plasma $plasmapheresis% $plasmodium% "2 : cytoplasm $plasmolysis% $plasmogamy% "3 : protoplasm $plasmoptysis% -plasm or -plasma n combining form -# "G -plasma, fr. NL plasma# : formative or formed material 'as of a cell or tissue( $cytoplasm% $nucleoplasm% $karyoplasma% $metaplasm% plasmato- combining form "Gk plasmat-, plasma# : 4.%#0$plasmatoparous% -plasmia n combining form -# "NL, fr. plasma + -ia# : a 'specified( condition of the blood plasm $oligoplasmia% plasmod- or plasmodi- or plasmodio- combining form "NL plasmodium# : plasmodium $plasmodiocarp% $plasmoditrophoblast% $plasmodic% -plast n combining form -# "MF -plaste, fr. LL -plastus, fr. Gk -plastos, fr. plastos formed, molded# "1 a : thing made $gypsoplast% $meloplast% "b : plastic & esp. in names of groups of plastics $phenoplast% "2 a : organized particle or granule : cell $bioplast% $leucoplast% "b : formative cell : -3.%#* $odontoplast% -plastic adj combining form "Gk -plastikos, fr. -plastos formed, molded, 'fr. plastos, verbal of plassein to form( + -ikos -ic# "1 : developing : forming : growing $heteroplastic% $xyloplastic% 2 : of or relating to 'something designated by a term ending in -plasm, -plast, or -plasty( $rhinoplastic% $protoplastic% plasto- combining form "Gk, fr. plastos formed, molded# "1 : formation : development $plastochron% $plastotype% "2 : plasticity : plastic $plastometer% $plastomer% "3 : cytoplasm $plastogamy% $plastomere% "4 : plastid $plastogene% -plasty n combining form -$# "F -plastie, fr. Gk -plastia form, mold, fr. -plastos -plast + -ia -y# : plastic surgery $dermatoplasty% $autoplasty% $cineplasty% platin- or platino- combining form "NL platinum# "1 : platinum $platinotype% $platiniridium% "2 : platinic acid $platinate% platini- combining form "NL platinum# : platinum $platinichloride% $platiniferous% platy- also plat- combining form "LL plat-, fr. Gk plat-, platy-, fr. platys# : flat : broad $platycnemic% $platoid% $platypoda% plect- or plecto- combining form "Gk plektos, fr. plekein# : twisted $plectenchyma% $plectognath% -plegia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk pl"g" blow, stroke 'fr. the stem of pl"ssein to strike( + NL -ia# : paralysis of a specified nature $paraplegia% -plegy n combining form -$# "NL -plegia# : paralysis of a specified nature pleio- or pleo- or plio- combining form "Gk plei&n, ple&n# "1 : more $Pleiocene% $pleomorphism% $pleomastia% $Pliocene% 2 : Pliocene $Pliohippus% $Pliopithecus% plesi- or plesio- combining form "NL plesi-, fr. Gk pl"si-, pl"sio-, fr. pl"sios, fr. pelas near# : close : near $plesiomorphous% $plesiosaurus% pleur- or pleuri- or pleuro- combining form "NL, fr. L, fr. Gk, side, rib, fr. pleura# "1 a : pleura $pleurectomy% $pleuriseptate% $pleurogenic% "b : pleura and $pleuropericarditis% $pleuropedal% "2 : side : lateral $pleurite% $pleurocentrum% "3 : rib $pleural% -pleura n combining form -# "NL, fr. ML pleura# : lining : girdle $endopleura% $epipleura% -plex n combining form -$# "partly fr. L -plex 'as in duplex 44 pogon- duplex(+ partly fr. complex, n.# "1 : a figure having a given power $googolplex% "2 : a building divided into an often specified number of spaces 'as apartments or movie theaters( $fourplex% $multiplex% -ploid adj combining form "ISV, fr. diploid ) haploid# : having or being a chromosome number that bears 'such( a relationship to or is 'so many( times the basic chromosome number characteristic of a given plant or animal group $heteroploid% $hexaploid% $heptaploid% plumb- or plumbo- combining form "L plumb-, fr. plumbum# : lead $plumbate% $plumbojarosite% pluri- combining form "L, fr. plur-, plus more# : many : having or being more than one : 0!.*+- $pluriaxial% $plurilocular% plut- or pluto- combining form "Gk plout-, plouto-, fr. ploutos$ prob. akin to Gk plein to sail, float# : wealth $plutarchy% $plutomania% pluvi- or pluvio- also pluvia- combining form "ME pluvy-, fr. L pluvi-, fr. pluvia# : rain $pluviameter% $pluvian% $pluviography% -pnea or -pnoea n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk -pnoia, fr. pnoia, pno" breathing, breath, fr. pnein to breathe# : breath : breathing $hyperpnea% $polypnoea% $oligopnea% pneum- or pneumo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk pneum-, fr. pneuma# "1 : air : gas $pneumoempyema% $pneumopericardium% "2 : lung : pulmonary and $pneumogastric% $pneumectomy% "3 : respiration $pneumogram% "4 : pneumonia : pneumonia and $pneumoenteritis% $pneumobacillus% $pneumococcus% pneumat- or pneumato- combining form "LGk, fr. Gk, fr. pneumat-, pneuma# "1 : spirit $pneumatophobia% $pneumatography% "2 : air : vapor : gas $pneumatolytic% $pneumatize% $pneumaturia% "3 : respiration $pneumatograph% $pneumatometer% "4 : pneumatic $pneumatogram% pneumon- or pneumono- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. pneum&n# : lung $pneumonectomy% $pneumonocele% -pneusta n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk -pneustos having 'such( breath, fr. 'assumed( Gk pneustos 'verbal of Gk pnein to breathe(# : animals having a 'specified( mode of breathing & in higher taxa $Enteropneusta% pod- or podo- combining form "Gk, fr. pod-, pous# "1 : foot $podology% $podoscaph% "2 : hoof $pododerm% "3 : peduncle : stalk $Podocarpus% $Podophthalmia% !-pod n combining form -# "Gk -pod-, -pous, fr. -pod-, -pous, adj. combining form, having 'such or so many( feet, fr. pod-, pous foot# : one having 'such or so many( feet $chenopod% "-pod adj combining form "Gk -pod-, -pous# : having 'such or so many( feet $acanthopod% $-pod also -pode n combining form -# "NL podium foot# "1 a : a footlike part $pseudopode% "b : foot $nectopod% "2 : -4'-+*$ $endopod% -poda n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk, neut. pl. of -pod-, -pous having 'such or so many( feet# : ones having 'such or so many( feet & in taxonomic names in zoology $Arthropoda% $Decapoda% $Heteropoda%+ compare -4!# -podia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk, fr. pod- + -ia -y# : condition of having 'such( feet $platypodia% -podite n combining form -# "ISV pod- + -ite# : segment of an appendage of an arthropod $basipodite% $endopodite% & -poditic adj combining form -podium n combining form, pl -podia "NL, fr. L podium# "1 : one having a 'specified kind of( foot or part resembling a foot & in generic names $Chenopodium% $Lycopodium% "2 : foot : footlike part $pleuropodium% -podous adj combining form "Gk -pod-, -pous having 'such or so many( feet + E -ous & more at -4'-# : having 'such or so many( feet : -footed $acanthopodous% $hexapodous% poecil- or poecilo- or poikil- or poikilo- combining form "Gk poikil-, poikilo-, fr. poikilos# : variegated : various $Poecilichthys% $poecilogony% $poikilitic% $poikiloblast% pogon- or pogono- combining form "NL, fr. Gk p&g&n-, p&g&no-, fr. p&g&n# : beard : something resembling a beard $Pogonia% $pogonotomy% -pogon -pogon n combining form "NL, fr. Gk p&g&n, perh. fr. p&- 'akin to Gk & Cyprian dial. & pos on, at( + -g&n 'akin to Gk genys jaw( & more at 4'#*-# : beard & in generic names $Calopogon% -poiesis n combining form, pl -poieses "NL, fr. Gk poi"sis# : production : formation $hematopoiesis% $leukopoiesis% -poietic adj combining form "Gk poi"tikos# : productive : formative $hematopoietic% poli- or polio- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, gray, fr. polios# "1 : of or relating to the gray matter of the brain or spinal cord $poliomyelitis% "2 : gray $Polianthes% -polis n combining form -$# "LL, fr. Gk, fr. polis# : city $megalopolis% politico- combining form "NL, fr. L politicus political# "1 : political and $politico-diplomatic% $politico-military% "2 : politics $politicomania% $politicophobia% "3 : political $politico-pressure% : politically $politico-nationalist% $politico-orthodox% pollin- or pollini- combining form "NL, fr. pollin-, pollen# : pollen $pollinic% $polliniferous% poly- combining form "ME, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. polys$ akin to L plenus full# "1 a : many : several : diverse : much : 0!.*+-, 4.!)+- $polytonality% $polycentric% $polycotyledon% $polycross% $polyarthritis% "b : excessive : abnormal : (14$)$polygalactia% $polychromia% $polydactylous% "2 chem "a : containing more than one and esp. more than two or three units of 'a specified substance( $polyatomic% $polysulfide% & compare '.+/- "b : polymerized : polymeric : polymer of 'a specified monomer( $polyethylene% pomi- combining form "LL pomum, fr. L, fruit# : apple $pomiform% $pomivorous% -poo suffix "origin unknown# & used as a disparaging diminutive $cutesy-poo% $drinkipoo% -pora n combining form "NL, fr. L porus bodily passage, pore# : one or ones having 'such( a passage or pore or 'such or so many( passages or pores & chiefly in generic names $Heliopora% $Millepora% -pore n combining form -# "L porus# : opening $atriopore% $blastopore% poro- combining form "Gk poros pore# : pore $porogamy% post- prefix "ME, fr. L, fr. post 'adv. * prep.(+ akin to Gk 'Arcadian * Cyprian dial.( pos toward, on, at, Skt paśca behind, after, later, OE of of, from, off# "1 a : after : subsequent : later $postdate% $postentry% $postnati% "b : behind $postfix% : posterior $postabdomen% : following after $postconsonantal% "2 a : subsequent to : later than $postadolescence% $postclassical% $postoperative% $postwar% "b : behind : posterior to $postantennal% $postcardinal% $postocular% postero- combining form "L posterus coming after# "1 : posterior and $posteroanterior% $posterolateral% "2 : at the back part of $posterodorsal% potam- or potamo- combining form "L potamo-, fr. Gk potam-, potamo-, fr. potamos$ akin to Gk piptein to fall# "1 : river $potamic% $potamodromous% "2 : electric current $potamometer% -praxia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk praxis action + NL -ia# : performance of movements $echopraxia% $parapraxia% -praxis n combining form, pl -praxises also -praxes "NL, fr. Gk praxis doing, action# : therapeutic treatment usu. by a 'specified( system or agency $chiropraxis% $radiopraxis% pre- prefix "ME, fr. OF * L+ OF, fr. L prae-, fr. prae# "1 a '1( : earlier than : prior to : before $predeparture% $prehistoric% $pre-Slavic% $pre-Victorian% "'2( : preparatory or prerequisite to $premedical% $preprofessional% "'3( : in a formative, incipient, or preliminary stage $precartilage% "b : in advance : beforehand $precut% $prejudge% $preplan% "2 a : in front of : before $preaxial% $premolar% "b : at the front : anterior : constituting a front part $preabdomen% $presternum% "3 a : exceedingly $prenoble% $preadore% "b petrography : predominating in a ratio greater than 5:3 $prealkalic% $precalcic% $prechloric% presby- or presbyo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk presby- older, fr. presbys old man# : old age $presbyopia% $presbyophrenia% 45 pseud- preter- also praeter- combining form "L praeter past, by, beyond, fr. L prae before# "1 : past : by $preterist% "2 : beyond the range of : surpassing $preternormal% pri- combining form "NL, fr. Gk pri&n saw & more at 4)+'"-# : saw : resembling a saw $Priacanthus% $priodont% prion- or priono- combining form "NL, fr. Gk prion-, fr. pri&n saw, fr. priein to saw# : saw : having an action or appearance like that of a saw $Prionodesmacea% $prionodont% -prion n combining form "NL, fr. Gk pri&n saw# : creature with a 'specified( kind of sawlike part & in generic names $Diprion% -privic adj combining form "L privus deprived of, without, private + E -ic# : deficient in a 'specified( thing or element $parathyroprivic% !pro- prefix "ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. pro# "1 a : earlier than : prior to : before $probaptismal% "b : rudimentary : 4)'*$proanthropus% $Promammalia% $proembryo% "2 a : situated before : located in front of : anterior to $procerebrum% "b : front : anterior $prothorax% "3 : projecting $prognathous% "pro- prefix "L 'also used esp. with verbs to mean 1before2, 1forward2, 1forth2, 1down2, 1on behalf of2(, fr. pro before, in front of, in behalf of, for, on account of# "1 : taking the place of : substituting for $procathedral% $pro-regent% $pro-treasurer% "2 : siding with : advocating : favoring : supporting : championing $pro-British% $pro-liberalism% proli- combining form "L proles offspring, progeny# : offspring $prolicidal% $proligerous% prop- combining form "ISV, fr. propionic 'in propionic acid(# : related to propionic acid $propane% $propyl% pros- prefix "LL, fr. Gk, fr. pros near, toward, to, prob. alter. 'influenced by Gk dial. pos toward( of proti & more at 4'#*-# 1 : near : toward $prosenchyma% "2 "prob. influenced in meaning by Gk pro before# : in front $prosencephalon% proso- combining form "NL, fr. Gk pros& forward, fr. proti near, toward, to# "1 : in front $Prosobranchia% "2 : in a forward direction : onward $prosoplasia% prosop- or prosopo- combining form "LL prosopo-, fr. Gk pros&p-, pros&po- person, face, fr. pros&pon, fr. pros- + -&pon 'fr. &p-, &ps face, eye(# "1 : person $prosopography% "2 : face $prosopalgia% $Prosopothrips% prot- or proto- combining form "ME protho-, fr. MF, fr. LL proto-, fr. LGk pr&t-, pr&to-, fr. Gk, fr. pr&tos$ akin to Gk pro before, ahead# "1 a : first in time $protohistoric% $protonymph% "b : first in status : chief in rank or importance : principal $protocerebrum% $protocone% "c : beginning : tending toward : giving rise to $protofascism% $protoplanet% "2 chem a : first or lowest of a series : member of a series having or supposed to have the smallest relative amount of the element or radical indicated in the name to which it is prefixed $protoxide% $protochloride% "b : substance held to be the parent of the substance to the name of which it is prefixed $protoactinium% "c : first or primary product of decomposition $protoproteose% "3 biol "a : archetypal $protomorph% $protonephros% "b : first formed : primary $protoderm% $protoxylem% 4 usu cap : belonging to or constituting the recorded or assumed language that is ancestral to a language or to a group of related languages or dialects & usu. spelled proto- and joined to a capitalized second element with a hyphen $Proto-Arabic% $Proto-Indo-European% prote- or proteo- combining form "ISV, fr. F protéine protein# : protein $proteolysis% $proteose% proter- or protero- combining form "NL, fr. Gk proter-, protero-, fr. proteros$ akin to Gk pro before, ahead# : before : earlier : former $proterozoic% $proteranthous% proximo- combining form "proximal# : proximal $proximobuccal% & opposed to distpsamm- or psammo- combining form "Gk, fr. psammos# : sand $psammobiotic% $psammophile% pseud- or pseudo- combining form "ME pseudo-, fr. LL pseud-, pseudo-, fr. Gk, fr. pseud"s, fr. pseudein to lie, cheat, falsify# "1 : false: "a : sham : feigned : fake $pseudodramatic% $pseudoserious% "b : counterfeit : spurious $pseudoantique% "c psil: quack $pseudoanalyst% "d : fictitious $pseudobiography% "e : unreal : illusory $pseudohallucination% "2 a : substance deceptively resembling 'a specified thing( $pseudomalachite% b : temporary or substitute formation similar to 'a specified thing( $pseudobranchia% $pseudopodium% "3 : chemical compound resembling, isomeric with, or related to 'a specified compound( $pseudocumene% "4 : abnormal : aberrant $pseudarthrosis% $pseudembryo% $pseudovum% psil- or psilo- combining form "Gk, fr. psilos$ akin to Gk ps"n to rub, wipe# : mere : bare $psilomelane% $Psilopsida% psor- or psoro- combining form "NL, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. ps&ra# : itch $psorergates% $psorosperm% psych- or psycho- combining form "Gk, fr. psych" life, spirit, soul, self# "1 : soul : spirit $psychogram% $psychopannychism% $psychotheism% "2 a : mind : mental processes and activities $psychodynamic% $psychology% $psychometric% "b : psychological methods $psychoanalysis% $psychotherapy% "c : cerebral $psychosurgery% $psychotropic% "d : mental and : psychic and $psychogalvanic% $psychophysical% psychro- combining form "Gk, fr. psychros, fr. psychein to make cold# : cold $psychrometer% pter- or ptero- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. pteron# : feather : wing $pteridium% $pterodactyl% -ptera n combining form "NL, fr. Gk, neut. pl. of -pteros -pterous# : organism or organisms having 'such or so many( wings or winglike parts & in taxonomic names esp. in zoology $Hemiptera% $Physaloptera% pterid- or pterido- combining form "GK pterid-, pteris# : fern $pteridography% $pteridoid% -pteris n combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. pteris# : fern & in generic names $Glossopteris% $Ornithopteris% -pterous adj combining form "Gk -pteros -winged, fr. pteron wing, feather# : having 'so many or such( wings or winglike parts $anisopterous% $hexapterous% $trichopterous% -pterus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk -pteros -pterous# : one having 'such( wings or winglike structures & in generic names $Chaetopterus% $Trachypterus% pteryg- or pterygo- combining form "Gk, fr. pteryg-, pteryx$ akin to Gk pteron wing, feather# "1 : wing : fin $pterygoblast% $pterygobranchiate% "2 : pterygoid and $pterygomalar% -pterygii n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk pteryg-, pteryx wing, fin# : winged ones : finned ones & in taxonomic names $Chrondropterygii% $Neopterygii% $Pleuropterygii% -pteryx n combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. pteryx wing & more at 4*$)1/-# : winged one : finned one & in generic names $Dipteryx% $Odontopteryx% ptil- or ptilo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk ptilon$ akin to Gk pteron feather# : down : feather $Ptilocercus% -ptile n combining form -# "Gk ptilon# : feather $neossoptile% $teleoptile% $protoptile% ptyal- or ptyalo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. ptyalon spittle, saliva, fr. ptyein to spit# : saliva $ptyalagogue% $ptyalorrhea% ptych- or ptycho- combining form "Gk ptych-, fr. ptych", fr. ptyssein to fold# : fold : layer $Ptychosperma% -ptysis n combining form, pl -ptyses "NL, fr. Gk, act of spitting, fr. ptyein to spit# : spittle : spit $hemoptysis% $plasmoptysis% pulmo- combining form "L pulmo# "1 : lung $pulmometry% "2 : pulmonic and $pulmogastric% pulmon- also pulmoni- or pulmono- combining form "L pulmon-, pulmo# : lung $pulmonal% $pulmoniferous% : pulmonary and $pulmonocardiac% pupillo- combining form "L pupilla pupil of the eye# : pupil $pupillodilator% purpuri- combining form "L purpura# : purple $purpuriparous% $purpuriferous% -pus n combining form "NL -pod-, -pus, fr. Gk -pod-, -pous, fr. pod-, pous foot# : creature having 'such( a foot or feet $monopus% $Lycopus% & chiefly in generic names in zoology $mastigopus% $Pygopus%+ compare -4'-% py- or pyo- combining form "Gk, fr. pyon pus# "1 : marked by the presence of pus in or with $pyolymph% $pyemia% "2 : due 46 radio- to or associated with a pus-producing infection : suppurative $pyonephritis% $pyophthalmia% pycn- or pycno- combining form "L, fr. Gk pykn-, pykno-, fr. pyknos$ akin to Gk pyka thickly, Alb puth kiss, Av pus+- headband+ basic meaning: pressed together# : close : compact : dense : bulky $pycnic% $pycnidium% $pycnogonid% pyel- or pyelo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, trough, vat, fr. pyelos$ akin to Gk plynein to wash, plein to sail, float# "1 : pelvis $pyelometry% $pyelic% "2 : renal pelvis $pyelogram% $pyelitis% pyg- or pygo- combining form "Gk, fr. pyg"# : rump : buttocks $pygalgia% $pgyostyle% -pyga or -pygia n combining form "-pyga fr. NL, fr. Gk pyg" rump+ -pygia fr. NL, fr. Gk pyg" + NL -ia# : creature having 'such( a rump & in generic names in zoology $Eurypyga% $Macropygia% pykno- combining form : 41&"pyl- or pyle- or pylo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. pyl" gate# : portal vein $pylethrombophlebitis% -pyle n combining form -# "ISV, fr. Gk pyl" gate# : opening : orifice $micropyle% $apopyle% pylor- or pyloro- combining form "LL pylorus# : pylorus $pyloralgia% $pylorocleisis% pyopneumo- combining form "NL, fr. py- + pneum-# : containing or characterized by the presence of both pus and gas $pyopneumocyst% $pyopneumoperitonitis% pyr- or pyro- combining form "ME pyro-, fr. MF pyr-, pyro-, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. pyr# "1 a : fire : heat $pyrometer% $pyrheliometer% "b : pyrogenous and $pyromagnetic% "2 a : derivative by the action of heat+ esp : derived from the corresponding ortho acid by loss usu. of one molecule of water from two molecules of acid & in names of inorganic acids $pyrophosphoric acid%+ compare 0$*%- 4b, ')*(- 3 "b : due to or attributed to the action of fire or heat $pyrochlore% $pyrometamorphism%+ also : of fiery color $pyrophanite% "3 : fever : fever producing $pyrotoxin% $pyrogen% pyramido- combining form "NL, fr. L pyramid-, pyramis pyramid# "1 : pyramidally $pyramidoattenuate% "2 : pyramidal and $pyramidoprismatic% pyren- or pyreno- combining form "NL, fr. Gk pyr"n-, pyr"no-, fr. pyr"n# "1 : stone of a fruit $pyrenocarp% "2 : nucleolus $pyrenematous% $pyrenin% pyret- or pyreto- combining form "Gk, fr. pyretos burning heat, fever, fr. pyr fire# : fever $pyretogenesis% $pyretetiology% pyrrh- or pyrrho- also pyrro- combining form "Gk pyrrh-, pyrrho-, fr. pyrrhos red, tawny, fr. pyr fire# : red : tawny $pyrrhite% $pyrrhotite% quadri- or quadr- or quadru- combining form "ME, fr. L+ akin to L quattuor four# "1 a : four $quadriliteral% $quadrual% "b : square $quadric% "c : *$*)%- $quadribasic% "2 : fourth $quadricentennial% "3 : quadric $quadricone% quart- combining form "L, fr. quartus# : fourth $quartic% quater- combining form "ISV, fr. L quater four times# : *$*)%& esp. in names of organic compounds to denote the quadrupling of a radical or molecule $quaterphenyl% $quaterthiazole% quinque- or quinqu- combining form "L, fr. quinque five# "1 : five $quinquecapsular% $quinquelateral% "2 : into five parts $quinquesection% quint- or quinti- combining form "ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. quintus$ akin to L quinque five# "1 : fifth $quintillion% "2 : 2!+"2!$$quintiped% "3 : a 'specified( musical instrument having its pitch a fifth above the normal rachi- or rachio- also rhachi- or rhachio- combining form "Gk rhachi-, fr. rhachis lower part of the back, spine, backbone+ akin to Gk rhachos thorn hedge, MIr fracc needle, Lith ra%as stubble, tine of a fork# : spine : spinal : spinal and $rachicentesis% $rachiodont% $rachiometer% -rachidia n combining form -# "NL, fr. rachid-, rachis + -ia# : condition of the spine $atelorachidia% radio- combining form "F, fr. L radius ray# "1 a : radial : radially $radiosymmetrical% $radiolitic% "b : radial and $radiobicipital% "2 a : radiant energy : radiation $radioactive% $radioder- ranimatitis% "b : radioactive $radioelement% "c : radium : X rays $radiotherapy% "d : radioactive isotope esp. as produced artificially $radiocarbon% "e : radio $radiotelegraphy% $radiophotograph% rani- combining form "L rana# : frog $raniform% re- prefix "ME, fr. OF, fr. L re-, red-# "1 : again : anew $redo% $retell% & usu. joined to the second element by a hyphen when '1( the word 'as re-create( would otherwise be confused with another word 'as recreate( of different meaning, or '2( the word 'as re-recover( has a second element beginning with re-, or '3( the second element begins with a capital letter 'as re-Christianization( "2 : back : backward $recall% !rect- or recti- combining form "L rectus# : straight, right $rectilineal% $rectangular% "rect- or recto- combining form "NL rectum# "1 : rectum $rectocele% "2 : rectal and $rectoabdominal% religio- combining form "religion# : religion $religiocentric% : religious and $religiophilosophical% remi- combining form "L, fr. remus oar# : oar $remiform% $remiped% reni- combining form "L renes kidneys# "1 : kidney $reniform% $renipuncture% "2 : nephridial and $renicardiac% $renipericardial% reno- combining form "L renes kidneys# "1 : kidney $renography% "2 : renal and $renocutaneous% $renogastric% $renointestinal% $renopulmonary% rere- combining form "ME, fr. MF rere, riere backward, behind, fr. L retro & more at )$*)'-# : subsequent : rear $rere-banquet% resino- combining form "L resina resin# "1 : resin $resinography% $resinogenous% "2 : resinous and $resinoextractive% $resinovitreous% reticul- or reticulo- also reticuli- combining form "L, fr. reticulum# "1 : a reticulum $reticulocyte% "2 : the reticulum $reticulitis% "3 : reticulose and $reticuloramose% $reticulovenose% reticulato- combining form "L reticulatus reticulated 'fr. reticulum + -atus -ate( + E -o-# : reticulately $reticulatocoalescent% $reticulatogranulate% $reticulatoramose% $reticulatovenose% !retin- or retini- also retina- combining form "NL, fr. Gk rh"tin" resin# : resin $Retinispora% $retinoid% $retinalite% "retin- or retino- combining form "fr. retina# : retina $retinitis% $retinoscope% retro- prefix "ME, fr. L, fr. retro, adv., backward, back, behind, fr. re- back, again + -tro 'as in intro inwardly( & more at )$-, +"*)'-# "1 a : backward : back : retroverse $retromingent% $retro-rocket% $retroserrate% "b : back in time : past $retrodict% $retrocognition% "2 a : situated behind $retrochoir% "b : situated behind a 'specified( part $retroauricular% $retropubic% "3 : contrary to the usual or natural course : retrograde $retroinfection% rhabd- or rhabdo- combining form "LGk, fr. Gk, fr. rhabdos rod# "1 : rod : stick $rhabdonema% "2 : rodlike structure $rhabdolith% $rhabdosome% rhamn- combining form "ISV, fr. NL Rhamnus# : buckthorn : rhamnose $rhamnitol% rhamph- or rhampho- combining form "Gk, fr. rhamphos$ akin to Gk rhabdos rod# : beak : crooked beak $Rhamphocharus% $rhamphoid% rheo- combining form "Gk rheos anything flowing, stream, fr. rhein to flow# : flow : current $rheotaxis% $rheostat% rhin- or rhino- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. rhin-, rhis nose+ perh. akin to Skt sara flowing, Gk oros whey# "1 a : nose $rhinitis% $rhinology% "b : nose and $rhinolaryngology% $rhinopharyngitis% "2 a : nasal $rhinolith% $rhinocaul% "b : nasal and $rhinopharyngeal% -rhina n combining form "NL, fr. Gk rhin-, rhis nose# : one or ones having 'such( a nose & in taxonomic names in zoology $Amphirhina% $Phyllorhina% -rhinus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk rhin-, rhis nose & more at )(+"-# : one having 'such( a nose & in generic names in zoology $Megarhinus% rhipi- combining form "NL, fr. Gk rhipid-, rhipis fan# : )(+4+-- 47 -s rhipid- or rhipido- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. rhipid-, rhipis fan+ akin to Gk rhip-, rhips wickerwork, rhiptein to throw, OHG r'ban to grate, rub, turn, twist, MD wriven to rub, twist+ basic meaning: turning# : fan & chiefly in taxonomic names $Rhipidistia% $Rhipidoglossa% rhiz- or rhizo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. rhiza# : root $rhizanthous% $Rhizomys% $rhizophilous% -rhiza or -rrhiza n combining form, pl -rhizae or -rhizas or -rrhizae or -rrhizas "NL, fr. Gk rhiza root# "1 : root : part resembling or connected with a root $coleorhiza% $mycorrhiza% "2 : plant having 'such( a root & in genus names in botany $Balsamorrhiza% rhod- or rhodo- combining form "NL, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. rhodon rose# : rose : red $rhodium% $rhodoplast% rhomb- or rhombo- combining form "MF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. rhombos rhomb# "1 : rhomb $rhombencephalon% $rhombohedron% "2 : rhombic and $rhomboquadratic% $rhombovate% rhopal- or rhopalo- combining form "LL, fr. Gk, fr. rhopalon# : club $Rhopalocera% $Rhopalura% & in taxonomic names in zoology rhynch- or rhyncho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. rhynchos snout, bill, beak+ prob. akin to Gk rhonchos, rhonkos snoring, wheezing, rhenchein, rhenkein to snore, snort, OIr srennim I snore# : snout & chiefly in taxonomic names in zoology -rhynchus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk rhynchos & more at )(1"&(-# : one having a snout, bill, or beak of a 'specified( kind & in generic names in zoology $Calyptorhynchus% rib- or ribo- combining form "ribose# : related to ribose $ribitol% $riboflavin% romano- combining form, usu cap "Roman# : Roman : Roman and $Romano-Etruscan% $Romano-German% romantico- combining form "romantic# : romantic and $romantico-heroic% $romantico-literary% rostr- or rostri- or rostro- combining form "L rostr-, fr. rostrum# 1 : beak : rostrum $rostrad% $rostriform% "2 : rostral and $rostrolateral% roto- combining form "L rota wheel + E -o-# : rotary $rotospray% $roto-planer% -rrhachis n combining form -$# "NL, fr. Gk rhachis & more at )%&(+-# : spine $hematorrhachis% -rrhagia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk, fr. rh"gnynai to break, burst, rend# : abnormal or excessive discharge or flow $enterorrhagia% $rhinorrhagia% -rrhaphy n combining form -$# "F -raphie, -rrhaphie, fr. Gk -rrhaphia, fr. rhaptein to sew together# : suture : sewing $cardiorrhaphy% $nephrorrhaphy% -rrhea also -rrhoea n combining form -# "ME -ria, fr. LL -rrhoea, fr. Gk -rrhoia, fr. rhoia, fr. rhein to flow# : flow : discharge $logorrhea% $Melanorrhoea% $mucorrhea% -rrhexis n combining form, pl -rrhexes "NL, fr. Gk rh"xis action or process of breaking, fr. rh"gnynai to break, burst, rend# : rupture $hysterorrhexis% : splitting $onychorrhexis% -rrhine or -rhine adj combining form "ISV, fr. Gk -rrhin- -rrhis, fr. rhin-, rhis nose & more at )(+"-# : having 'such( a nose $mesorrhine% $monorhine% $platyrrhine% rumeno- combining form "NL, fr. rumen# : rumen $rumenotomy% russo- combining form, usu cap "Russia ) Russian# "1 : Russia : Russians $Russophobia% "2 : Russian and $Russo-Japanese% ruthen- or ruthenio- or rutheno- combining form "ISV, fr. NL ruthenium# : ruthenium : ruthenious $ruthenammines% $rutheniopalladium% $ruthenonitrite% -ry n suffix -$# "ME -rie, fr. OF, short for -erie -ery# : -$)1 $pilotry% $wizardry% $pheasantry% $citizenry% $musketry% $ribaldry% $slovenry% $prelatry% $sergeantry% $banditry% $peasantry% !-s n pl suffix "ME -es, -s, fr. OE -as, nom. * acc. pl. ending of some masc. nouns+ akin to OS -os, nom. * acc. pl. ending of some masc. nouns, and prob. to Skt 'Vedic( -+sas, nom. pl. ending of some masc. nouns# "1 a & used to form the plural of most nouns that do not end in s, z, sh, ch, or postconsonantal y $heads% $books% $boys% $beliefs% $parades% $states%+ -s compare ,-$# 1 "b & used to form the plural of proper nouns that end in postconsonantal y $Italys% $Marys% "c & used to form the plural of abbreviations, numbers, letters, and symbols used as nouns $MCs% $4s% $3s% and often preceded by an apostrophe $B)s% $p)s% $*)s% "2 "ME -es, -s, pl. ending of nouns, fr. -es, -s, gen. sing. ending of nouns 'functioning adverbially, as in nedes needs, alweys always(, fr. OE -es# & used to form plural nouns with adverbial function denoting usual or repeated action or state $always at home Sundays% $can reach him there mealtimes% $morningshe stops by the newsstand%+ compare ,-$# 2 "-s n suffix & used to form nicknames expressing affection or familiarity $Moms% $Dads% or designating a characteristic feature or activity of the person named $Fats% $Freckles% $Cuddles% $Smiles% or an object characteristically associated with the person named $Boots% $Sparks% $-s vb suffix "ME 'Northern * North Midland dial.( -es, fr. OE 'Northumbrian dial.( -es, -as, prob. fr. -es, -as, 2d pers. sing. pres. indic. ending & more at -$#*# & used to form the third person singular present of most verbs that do not end in s, z, sh, ch, or postconsonantal y $falls% $takes% $plays%+ compare --$# 1 -&s n suffix or pron suffix "ME -s, -es, gen. sing. ending of nouns, fr. OE -es, gen. sing. ending of some masc. * neut. nouns+ akin to OHG -es, gen. sing. ending of some masc. * neut. nouns, ON -s, Goth -is, Gk -ou, Gk 'Homeric( -oo, -oio, Skt -asya# & used to form the possessive of singular nouns $boy)s%, of plural nouns not ending in s $children)s%, of some pronouns $anyone)s%, and of word groups functioning as nouns $the man in the corner)s hat% or pronouns $someone else)s% -s& n pl suffix "ME -s, alter. of -es & more at -$#9# & used to form the plural possessive of most nouns that do not end in s, z, sh, ch, or postconsonantal y $girls!% $workers!% $voters!% sacc- or sacci- or sacco- combining form "NL, fr. L sacc-, saccibag, fr. saccus# : sac $saccate% $sacciform% $Saccomys% sacchar- or sacchari- or saccharo- combining form "L saccharum, fr. Gk sakcharon, fr. Pali sakkhar+, fr. Skt śarkar+ gravel, grit, sugar# "1 : sugar $saccharic% $sacchariferous% $saccharometer% "2 : saccharine and $saccharomucilaginous% !sacr- or sacro- combining form "ME sacr-, fr. MF * L+ MF, fr. L, fr. sacr-, sacer# "1 : sacred : something sacred $sacral% "2 : sacred and $sacropictorial% "sacr- or sacro- combining form "NL, fr. sacrum# "1 : sacrum $sacral% "2 : sacrum and $sacrococcyx% : sacral and $sacrotuberous% sali- combining form "L, fr. sal# : salt $saliferous% $salimeter% salicyl- or salicylo- combining form "ISV, fr. salicyl salicyloyl# : related to salicylic acid $salicylamide% $salicyloyl% salin- or salini- or salino- combining form "saline# "1 : salt : saline $salinize% $saliniform% $salinometer% "2 : saline and $salinosulfureous% salping- or salpingo- combining form "NL, fr. salping-, salpinx# 1 : salpinx $salpingectomy% $salpingemphraxis% $salpingitis% 2 : fallopian tube $salpingotomy% $salpingorrhaphy% "3 a : fallopian tube and $salpingo-oophorectomy% $salpingo-uterostomy% "b : eustachian and $salpingonasal% $salpingopalatine% $salpingopharyngeal% sangui- combining form "MF, fr. L, fr. sanguis# : blood $sanguimotor% sanguini- combining form "fr. sanguine# : #%"/!+"'- $sanguinicolous% sanguino- combining form "F, fr. sanguin sanguine, fr. MF# : blood $sanguinopurulent% sapr- or sapro- combining form "Gk, fr. sapros$ perh. akin to Lith 0upti to rot# "1 : rotten : putrid $sapremia% $saprostomous% "2 : dead or decaying organic matter $saprodontia% $saprophyte% "3 : saprophytic $Saprolegnia% "4 : sapropel $saprocoll% $saprodil% sarc- or sarco- combining form "Gk sark-, sarko-, fr. sark-, sarx# : flesh $sarcic% $sarcidium% $sarcoblast% $sarcosepsis% 48 scyt- -sarc n combining form -# "Gk sark-, sarx flesh# : flesh : fleshy material $ectosarc% $perisarc% saur- or sauro- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. sauros# : lizard -saura n combining form "NL, fr. Gk saura, sauros# : lizard & in generic names $Chamaesaura% -sauria n pl combining form "NL, fr. -saurus + -ia# : lizards : animals resembling lizards & in names of higher taxa $Pterosauria% $Ankylosauria% -saurus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk saura, sauros# : lizard & in generic names in zoology $Brontosaurus% $Icthyosaurus% saxi- combining form "L, fr. saxum$ akin to L secare to cut# : rock $saxicolous% -scape n combining form -# "landscape# : view : pictorial representation of a 'specified( type of view $cityscape% $waterscape% scaph- or scapho- combining form "scaphoid# "1 : scaphoid $scaphocephaly% "2 : scaphoid and $scapholunar% scapi- combining form "L scapus shaft of a column, stalk# : scape : stem : shaft $scapiform% $scapigerous% scapul- or scapulo- combining form "L scapula# "1 : scapula $scapulectomy% $scapulopexy% "2 : scapular and $scapuloaxillary% scel- or scelo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk skelos# : leg $scelalgia% $Sceloporus% -schisis n combining form, pl -schises also -schisises "NL, fr. Gk schisis cleavage, fr. schizein to split# : breaking up of attachments or adhesions : fissure $gastroschisis% schisto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk schistos divided, divisible# : cleft : divided $Schistocephalus% schiz- or schizo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk schizo-, fr. schizein to split# "1 : split : cleft : divided $schizaxon% "2 : characterized by or involving cleavage $schizogenesis% : produced by cleavage $schizocoel% "3 : schizophrenia $schizophasia% sci- or scio- also scia- or skia- combining form "NL, fr. Gk ski-, skio-, fr. skia# : shadow $sciogram% $scioptic% $scialytic% $skiascope% scientifico- combining form "scientific + -o-# : scientific and $scientificoromantic% $scientificophilosophic% scler- or sclero- combining form "NL, fr. Gk skl"r-, skl"ro-, fr. skl"ros hard# "1 a : hard : dry $sclerite% $scleroblast% "b : sclerotic $scleroderma% "c : hardness $sclerometer% "2 : sclera $scleritis% scolec- or scoleco- combining form "Gk sk&l"k-, sk&l"ko-, fr. sk&l"k-, sk&l"x worm, grub# : worm $scolecology% $scolecospore% : scolex $scolecoid% -scolex n combining form "NL, fr. Gk sk&l"x worm, grub# : worm & in generic names $Desmoscolex% -scope n combining form -# "NL -scopium, fr. Gk -skopion, fr. skopein# : a means 'as an instrument( for viewing with the eye or observing in any way $microscope% scopi- combining form "L scopa broom# : brush $scopiform% -scopic adj combining form "Gk scopein + E -ic# "1 : looking in a 'specified( direction $basiscopic% "2 : viewing or observing $orthoscopic% $nooscopic% -scopus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk skopos# : one that watches & in generic names -scopy n combining form -$# "Gk -skopia, fr. skopein to view + -ia -y# : viewing, examination, scrutiny, observation $fluoroscopy% $microscopy% $spectroscopy% scoto- combining form, usu cap "NL, fr. LL Scotus Scot# "1 : Scotch $Scoto-Celtic% "2 : Scotch and $Scoto-Irish% scroful- or scrofulo- combining form "NL, fr. ML scrofula# "1 : scrofula $scrofulosis% "2 : scrofulous and $scrofulotuberculous% scut- or scuti- combining form "NL, fr. L scutum shield# "1 : shield $scutal% $scutella% $Scutibranchia% "2 : scute : scutum $scutation% $scutiped% scyph- or scypho- also scyphi- combining form "NL, fr. L scyphus cup, scyphus# : cup : can : scyphus $scyphiform% $Scyphozoa% $scyphose% scyt- or scyto- combining form "NL, fr. Gk skyto-, fr. skytos skin, leather# : skin : integument $scytitis% $scytoblastema% scythoscytho- combining form, usu cap "L Scytha Scythian + E -o-# : Scythian and $Scytho-Aryan% $Scytho-Greek% sebi- or sebo- combining form "NL, fr. L sebum tallow, grease# : fat : grease : sebum $sebific% $seborrhea% secret- or secreto- combining form "secretion# : secretion $secretin% $secretomotor% !-sect adj combining form "L sectus, past part. of secare to cut, divide# : cut : divided $pinnatisect% "-sect vb combining form -$-5-+"/5-# "L sectus, past part. of secare# : cut : divide $bisect% $quadrisect% -seism n combining form -# "Gk seismos earthquake# : seismic movement $tachyseism% seismo- combining form "Gk, fr. seismos# : earthquake : vibration $seismometer% $seismotropism% !selen- or seleno- also seleni- combining form "L selen-, fr. Gk sel"n-, fr. sel"n" moon+ akin to Gk selas light, brightness, L sol sun# : moon : crescent-shaped $Selenarctos% $selenomorphic% $Selenicereus% "selen- or seleni- or seleno- combining form "Sw, fr. NL selenium# : selenium $selenic% $seleniferous% $selenobismuthite% self- combining form "ME, fr. OE self-, seolf-, sylf-, fr. self, seolf, sylf, pron. * adj.# "1 a : oneself or itself $self-asserting% $self-loving% "b : of oneself or itself $self-abandonment% $self-congratulation% "c : by oneself or itself : independent : automatic $self-rule% $self-feeder% $self-action% $self-propelled%"2 a : to, with, for, or toward oneself or itself $self-consistent% $self-concerned% $self-addressed% $self-love% b : of or in oneself or itself inherently $self-evident% $self-existent% "c : from or by means of oneself or itself $self-fertile% $self-fruitful% semi- prefix "ME, fr. L+ akin to OE sam- half, OHG s+mi-, Gk h"mi-, Skt s+mi-# "1 a : precisely half of: "'1( : forming a bisection of $semiellipse% $semichord% $semicylinder% '2( : being a usu. vertically bisected form of 'a specified architectural feature( $semiarch% $semibay% $semidome% b : half in quantity or value : half of or occurring halfway through 'a specified period of time( $semirevolution% $semiannual% $semicentenary% $semiphase% & compare 3+- "2 a : to some extent : partly : incompletely $semi-independent% $semidry% $semiplastic% $semiacid% $semiquantitatively% & compare -$0+-, ($0+- "b : having 'a specified characteristic( for half the length or on one side $semipinnate% $semiadherent% "3 a : partial : incomplete $semipositivism% $semieducation% $semiadherent% $semiAugustinianism% $semiwig% "b : having some of the characteristics of 'a specified class or object( $semiluxury% $semicampus% $semibenzene% $semiporcelain% $semicitizen% "c $semigovernmental% $semijudicial% $semimonastic% $semiubiquitous% -semic adj combining form "LL -semus 'fr. Gk -s"mos, fr. s"meion unit of time, note, mark, sign( + E -ic# : having 'a specified number of( units of prosodic time $decasemic% $icosasemic% semimicro- combining form "semi- + micr-# : of, involving, or for quantities intermediate in size between micro and macro quantities : on a scale intermediate between microchemical and macrochemical $semimicrodetermination% semito- combining form, usu cap "Semitic# : Semite : Semitic $Semito-Hamite% $Semito-Hamitic% sensori- also senso- combining form "sensori- fr. sensory$ sensofr. L sensus sense# : sensory : sensory and $sensoparalysis% $sensorimotor% -sepalous adj combining form "sepal + -ous# : having sepals $gamosepalous% $tetrasepalous% !sept- or septi- combining form "L, fr. septem# : seven $septinsular% $septifolious% $septillion% "sept- or septo- also septi- combining form "NL, fr. septum# : septum $septal% $septifragal% $septocosta% serbo- combining form, usu cap "serb# "1 : Serbian $Serbophile% 2 : Serbian and $Serbo-Bulgarian% sericeo- combining form "LL sericeus sericeous# : sericeous and $sericeotomentose% 49 -sis serio- combining form "serious# "1 : serious $seriocomedy% "2 : serious and $serioludicrous% sero- combining form "L serum# "1 : serum : connection with or relation to serum $serodiagnosis% "2 : serous and $serofibrinous% serpenti- combining form "L, fr. serpent-, serpens# : serpent $serpentivorous% serrato- combining form "NL, fr. L serratus serrate# : serrate and $serratocrenate% $serratodentate% serri- combining form : saw $serriferous% servo- combining form, usu cap "servian# : #$)3'sesqui- combining form "L, one and a half, half again, lit., and a half, fr. semis half 'fr. semi-( + -que and 'enclitic(+ akin to Gk te and, Skt ca, Goth -h, -uh & more at #$0+-# : one and a half times $sesquicentennial% seti- combining form "L seti-, saeti-, fr. seta, saeta# : bristle $setiferous% sex- or sexi- combining form "L sex# : six $sexannulate% $sexisyllable% sexti- combining form "L sextus sixth# : six $sextipara% $sextipolar% -ship n suffix -# "ME -schipe, -shipe, -ship, fr. OE -scipe$ akin to OFris -skip, -skipi -ship, OS -skap, -skepi, -skipi, OHG -scaf, -scaft, ON -skapr$ all fr. a prehistoric Gmc word represented by OHG scaf nature, condition, quality+ akin to OE sceppan, scyppan to shape# "1 : state : condition : quality $sonship% $friendship% $scholarship% "2 : office : dignity : profession $clerkship% $chancellorship% $lordship% $authorship% "3 : art : skill $horsemanship% $marksmanship% $seamanship% "4 : something showing, exhibiting, or embodying a quality or state $township% $fellowship% $courtship% "5 : one entitled to a 'specified( rank, title, or appellation & used with possessive pronouns $his Lordship% sial- or sialo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. sialon$ akin to L spuere to spit# : saliva $sialolith% sicilo- combining form, usu cap "L Sicilia Sicily# : #+&!.'$Sicilo-Norman% $Sicilo-Muslim% siculo- combining form, usu cap "L siculus siculan# : Sicilian and $Siculo-Arabian% $Siculo-Norman% sider- or sidero- combining form "MF, fr. L, fr. Gk sid"r-, sid"ro-, fr. sid"ros# : iron $siderolite% $siderosis% sidero- combining form "L sider-, sidus star, constellation# "1 : star $sideromancy% $siderostat% "2 : sidereal $siderograph% sil- combining form "silicon# : containing or derived from silicon $silane% & compare #+.+&silic- or silico- combining form "silicon or silicium# "1 : relating to or containing silicon or its compounds $silicone% $silicofluoride% $silicochloroform% & compare #+.- "2 : silicic and $silicoalkaline% "3 : silicosis and $silicotuberculosis% siliceo- combining form "L siliceus siliceous# : siliceous and $siliceocalcareous% $siliceofeldspathic% silici- combining form "NL silica# "1 : silex : silica $siliciferous% "2 : siliceous and $silicicalcareous% siliqui- combining form "NL siliqua# : siliqua $siliquiferous% $siliquiform% sinico- combining form, usu cap "sinic + -o-# : Chinese and $Sinico-Japanese% $Sinico-Russian% sinistr- or sinistro- combining form "ML, fr. L sinistr-, sinister left, on the left side# "1 a : left $sinistrad% "b : better developed in or using preferentially the left $sinistrocular% "2 : levorotatory $sinistrin% !sino- combining form, usu cap "F, fr. LL Sinae# "1 : Chinese $Sinogram% "2 : Chinese and $Sino-American% $SinoJapanese% & compare &(+"'"sino- or sinu- combining form "NL sinus# "1 : relating to the sinus and $sinorespiratory% "2 : relating to the sinus venosus and $sinuventricular% siphon- or siphono- also siphoni- combining form "NL, fr. Gk siph&n-, siph&no-, fr. siph&n# "1 : siphon : tube : pipe $Siphonaptera% $Siphonophora% $Siphoniata% $siphonate% "2 : Siphonophora $siphonosome% $siphonozooid% -sis n suffix, pl -ses "L, fr. Gk, fem. suffix of action# "1 : process sito: action : -+"/ $analysis% $peristalsis% $arsis% "2 : diseased state : disease produced by $stephanofilariasis% sito- combining form "Gk, fr. sitos# "1 : grain $Sitophilus% $sitosterol% "2 : food $sitology% skelet- or skeleto- combining form "NL, fr. skeleton# "1 : skeleton $skeletal% $skeletology% "2 : skeletal and $skeletomuscular% socio- combining form "F, fr. L socius associate, companion# "1 : society $sociography% : social $sociogram% "2 : social and $socioeducational% $sociopolitical% $socioreligious% "3 : sociological and $sociolegal% $sociopsychiatric% sodio- combining form "NL sodium# "1 : sodium and $sodioaluminic% $sodiohydric% "2 : containing sodium in place of hydrogen & used in names of organic compounds $sodiomalonic ester% $sodionitromethane% solen- or soleno- combining form "Gk s&l"n-, s&l"no-, fr. s&l"n# : channel : pipe : tube+ also : tubular $Solenodon% $solenocyte% $solenostele% soli- combining form "L, fr. solus# : alone : solely $soliloquy% $solifidian% -soma n combining form "NL -somat-, -soma, fr. Gk s&mat-, s&ma body+ akin to L tum"re to swell# "1 : one having 'such( a body & in generic names in zoology $Dolichosoma% $Loxosoma% and botany $Crossosoma% "2 pl -somas or -somata : body $antinosoma% $hydrosoma% : region or portion of a body $mesosoma% $prosoma% somat- or somato- combining form "NL, fr. Gk s&mat-, s&mato-, fr. s&mat-, s&ma body# "1 a : body $somatology% "b : somatic $somatize% : somatic and $somatopsychic% "2 : soma $somatoplasm% -somata n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk s&mata, pl. of s&mat-, s&ma body# : ones having 'such( a body & in names of zoological taxa larger than a genus $Heterosomata% -somatous adj combining form "LL -somatus, fr. Gk -s&matos, fr. s&mat-, s&ma body & more at -#'0%# : having 'such( a body $macrosomatous% !-some adj suffix "ME -som, fr. OE -sum$ akin to OFris -sum -some, OHG -sam, ON -samr, Goth -sama -some, sama same# : characterized by a 'specified( thing, quality, state, or action $awesome% $burdensome% $cuddlesome% $lonesome% "-some n suffix -# "ME 'northern dial.( -sum, fr. ME sum, som, pron., one, a certain one, some, fr. OE sum, pron., one, a certain one, some, one of a group of 'so many( members 'in such expressions as syxa sum one of a group of six members(# : group of 'so many( members and esp. persons $foursome% $twosome% $-some n combining form -# "NL -somat-, -soma -soma & more at -#'0%# "1 : -#'0% 2 $chromosome% $trophosome% $ectosome% "2 : chromosome $monosome% %-some adj combining form "ISV, fr. NL soma body, fr. Gk s&ma & more at -#'0%# : having 'such( a body $eurysome% -somia n combining form -# "NL, fr. soma + -ia# : condition of having 'such( a body $nanosomia% -somic adj combining form "ISV 2-some + -ic# : having or being a body of chromosomes of which one or more but not all members exhibit 'such( a degree of ploidy $hexasomic% $monosomic% somnambul- combining form "NL, fr. somnambulus somnambulist, fr. L somnus sleep + -ambulus 'as in funambulus funambulist(# : somnambulism : somnambulist $somnambular% somni- combining form "L, fr. somnus# : sleep $somnifacient% -somus n combining form, pl -somi or -somuses "NL, fr. Gk s&ma body & more at -#'0%# : one having 'such( a body or 'so many( bodies $disomus% $nanosomus% son- or soni- or sono- combining form "L son-, soni-, fr. sonus# : sound $sonal% $sonification% $sonobuoy% -sophy n combining form -$# "ME -sophie, fr. OF, fr. L -sophia, fr. Gk sophia wisdom, fr. sophos skilled, clever, wise + -ia -y# : knowledge or wisdom concerning 'something specified( : science or study of 'something specified( $anthroposophy% $chirosophy% $physiosophy% 50 spin- soredi- combining form "NL soredium# : soredium $sorediferous% $sorediform% $soredioid% -sorus n combining form "NL, fr. sorus# : one having sori of a 'specified( kind & in generic names of plants $Camptosorus% spatio- combining form "L spatium# "1 : space $spatiography% "2 : spatial and $spatiotemporal% speci- or specie- or specio- combining form "species# : species $speciogenesis% $speciation% -specific combining form "specific, adj.# : relating or applying specifically to or intended esp. for $gender-specific% spectro- combining form "NL spectrum# "1 : spectral and $spectrochemical% "2 : of or relating to spectra $spectrophotography% "3 "spectroscope# : combined with a spectroscope $spectropolarimeter% sperm- or spermo- or sperma- or spermi- combining form "Gk sperm-, spermo-, fr. spermat-, sperma seed, sperm# : seed : germ : sperm : semen $spermophile% $spermangium% $spermatheca% $spermidine% $spermiduct% -sperma n combining form "NL, fr. fem. sing. of -spermus -spermous# : one having 'such( a seed or germ & in generic names of plants $Lepidosperma% -spermae or -spermeae n pl combining form "NL, fr. -spermae, fem. pl. of -spermus -spermous# : one having 'such( a seed or germ & in higher taxa in botany $Angiospermae% $Gymnospermae% $Rhodospermeae% -spermal or -spermous adj combining form "-spermal fr. NL -spermum + E -al$ -spermous fr. NL -spermus, fr. Gk -spermos, fr. spermat-, sperma seed, sperm# : having 'such or so many( seeds : seeded $perispermal% $polyspermous% $angiospermal% spermat- or spermato- combining form "MF, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. spermat-, sperma seed, sperm# : seed : spermatozoan $spermatangium% $spermatophore% $spermatocyte% $Spermatophyta% -spermatous adj combining form "Gk -spermatos, fr. spermat-, sperma seed, sperm# : having 'such or so many( seeds : seeded $macrospermatous% $angiospermatous% -spermia n combining form -# "NL, fr. -spermus -spermous + -ia# : condition of having or producing 'such( sperm $azoospermia% -spermic adj combining form "NL -spermicus, fr. LL sperma sperm + L -icus -ic# "1 : -#4$)0%. "2 : being the product of 'such( a number of spermatozoa : resulting from 'such( a multiple fertilization $a trispermic egg% $polyspermicfertilization% -spermum n combining form "NL, fr. neut. of -spermus -spermous# : plant having 'such( seeds or 'such( a seed characteristic & in generic names $Anthospermum% -spermy n combining form -$# "Gk -spermia, fr. -spermos -spermous + -ia -y# "1 : state of having 'such or so many( seeds $gymnospermy% "2 : state of exhibiting or resulting from 'such( a multiple fertilization $polyspermy% sphaer- or sphaero- also spher- or sphero- combining form "LL sphaer-, sphaero-, fr. L, fr. Gk sphair-, sphairo-, fr. sphaira# "1 : ball : sphere $Sphaerophorus% $calcospherite% "2 : spherical : consisting of spherical elements $spaeraphides% $spherometer% -sphaera n combining form -# "NL, fr. L sphaera sphere# : ball : sphere & chiefly in taxonomic names $Microsphaera% -speak n combining form "newspeak# & used to form esp. nonce words denoting a particular kind of jargon $architectspeak% $Californiaspeak% sphen- or spheno- combining form "NL, fr. Gk sph"n-, sph"no-, fr. sph"n# "1 : wedge : wedge-shaped $sphenogram% $Sphenodon% "2 a : of or relating to the sphenoid $sphenotribe% "b : sphenoidal and $sphenomastoid% $sphenethmoidal% sphingo- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk sphingein to bind fast# "1 : deflection : bending $sphingometer% "2 : sphingomyelin $sphingosine% sphygmo- combining form "Gk, fr. sphygmos$ akin to Gk asphyxia stopping of the pulse# : pulse $sphygmogram% spin- or spini- or spino- combining form "L spin-, spini- thorn, spinosospine, fr. spina thorn, spine, spinal column# "1 a : spinal column : spinal cord $spinogram% "b : of, relating to, or involving the spinal cord and $spinothalamic% "2 : spine $spinate% $spiniform% spinoso- combining form "spinose + -o-# : spinose and $spinosodentate% spir- or spiri- or spiro- combining form "LL spir-, fr. L spira# "1 : coil : twist $Spiranthes% $spirivalve% $Spirochaeta% "2 : a chemical compound that contains one or more systems of two rings having a single atom in common with a resulting figureeight arrangement of atoms $spiropentane% spiro- combining form "ISV spir- 'fr. L spirare to breathe( + -o-# : respiration $spirometer% splanchno- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. splanchnon entrail+ akin to Gk spl"n spleen# : viscera $splanchnomegaly% $splanchnoptosis% splen- or spleno- combining form "LL, fr. L, fr. Gk spl"n-, spl"no-, fr. spl"n spleen# "1 : spleen $splenectomy% $splenoma% $splenolysis% $splenorrhagia% "2 : spleen and $splenocolic% $splenolymphatic% spondyl- or spondylo- combining form "Gk spondylos spondyl, whorl# "1 : vertebra $spondylalgia% $spondylotomy% "2 : whorl $Spondylomorum% -spondyli n pl combining form "NL, fr. L spondylus vertebra# : animals having 'such( vertebrae & in names of higher taxa $Diplospondyli% $Lepospondyli% -spondylus n combining form "NL, fr. L spondylus vertebra# : animal having 'such( vertebrae & in generic names $Palaeospondylus% spongi- or spongio- combining form "L spongia# "1 : sponge $spongicolous% $spongiology% "2 : spongy $spongioblast% -spongia n combining form "NL, fr. L spongia# : sponge & in generic names of sponges $Astylospongia% -spongiae n pl combining form "NL, fr. L spongiae# : sponges & in names of orders and other higher groups of sponges $Silicispongiae% -spongium n combining form, pl -spongia "NL, fr. L spongia sponge# : network of cells or fibrils $neurospongium% spongo- combining form "Gk spong-, spongo-, fr. spongos# $spongology% spor- or spori- or sporo- combining form "NL spora# : seed : spore $sporocyst% $sporangium% $sporicide% -spora n combining form "NL, fr. spora seed, spore# : organism having 'such( a sporal characteristic & in generic names $Peronospora% $Isospora% sporangi- or sporangio- combining form "NL sporangium# : sporangium $sporangioid% $sporangiospore% -spore n combining form -# "NL spora# "1 : spore having 'such( a characteristic or origin $pycnidiospore% "2 : spore membrane $a dark epispore enclosing a hyaline spore% -sporic or -sporous adj combining form "NL spora spore + E -ic or -ous# : having 'such or so many( spores $carposporic% $homosporous% -sporidia n pl combining form "NL, fr. pl. of sporidium# : creatures bearing 'such( small spores & in higher taxa in protozoology $Microsporidia% $Cnidosporidia% -sporium n combining form "NL, fr. spora spore + -ium# "1 pl -sporia+ also -sporiums : 'such( a coat or layer of a spore wall $endosporium% "2 : plant having 'such( a spore & in generic names $Helminthosporium% -spory n combining form -$# "-sporic + -y# : the quality or state of having 'such or such a number of( spores $apospory% $homospory% squam- or squamo- combining form "L, fr. squama# "1 : scale : squama $Squamata% $squamaceous% "2 : squamosal and $squamomastoid% : squamously $squamocellular% stamin- or stamini- combining form "L stamin-, stamen# : stamen $staminody% $staminiferous% stann- or stanni- or stanno- combining form "LL stannum tin# : relating to or containing tin $stannide% $stanniferous% $stannotype% : stannic $stannane% : stannous $stannite% staphyl- or staphylo- combining form "MF staphyl-, fr. L 51 stere- staphyl-, staphylo-, fr. Gk, bunch of grapes, uvula, fr. staphyl" bunch of grapes swollen uvula, uvula+ akin to Gk stemphylon olive pulp# "1 a : bunch of grapes $Staphylococcus% "b : staphyloma $staphylotomy% "2 a : uvula $staphylectomy% "b : palate $staphylion% "3 : staphylococcic $staphylocoagulase% $staphylodermatitis% stasi- combining form "Gk stasis condition of standing, stoppage, stature, position# "1 : arrest of development : stoppage $stasimorphy% "2 : erect posture $stasiphobia% "3 : position $stasimetric% -stasia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk, fr. statos standing 'fr. the stem of histanai to cause to stand( + -ia -y# : condition of standing : stoppage : -#*%#+# $menostasia% $enhypostasia% -stasis n combining form, pl -stases "NL, fr. Gk stasis condition of standing, standing still, stoppage# "1 : slowing or stoppage of normal flow $hemostasis% "2 : inhibition of the growth without destruction of $bacteriostasis% $fungistasis% "3 : tendency toward maintenance of stability $homeostasis% "4 : retention : persistence $trichostasis% stat- combining form "electrostatic# : electrostatic $statampere% & in names of electrical units -stat n combining form -# "NL -stata, fr. Gk -stat"s one that causes to stand, fr. the stem of histanai to cause to stand# "1 : apparatus or agent for keeping 'something specified( stable or stationary $gyrostat% "2 : device for regulating or for maintaining 'something specified( in a constant state $cryostat% $rheostat% $thermostat% "3 : instrument for reflecting 'something specified( constantly in one direction $heliostat% $siderostat% "4 : device for studying 'something specified( in a state of rest $hydrostat% "5 : agent causing inhibition of growth without destruction $bacteriostat% $fungistat% -state n combining form -# "Gk statos standing, fixed, fr. the stem of histanai to cause to stand# : substance produced through a 'specified( process $anastate% $catastate% stato- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk statos, verbal of histanai to cause to stand, set, place on a balance, weigh# "1 : resting $statoblast% $statospore% "2 : balance : equilibrium $statoreceptor% $statoscope% stauro- combining form "LL, fr. LGk, fr. Gk stauros pale, stake, cross# : cross $stauromedusae% $stauroscope% steat- or steato- combining form "Gk, fr. steat-, stear# : fat : tallow $steatolysis% $steatosis% steg- or stego- combining form "Gk steg", stegos roof, fr. stegein to cover# : covering plate or fold $stegodon% $stegocarpous% -stege n combining form -# "Gk steg" roof, fr. stegein to cover# : covering plate or fold $gastrostege% $urostege% -stegite n combining form -# "Gk steg" roof + E -ite# : segment of a carapace $omostegite% -stelic adj combining form "stele + -ic# : having 'a specified number or kind of( steles $astelic% -stemonous adj combining form "fr. 'assumed( NL -stemonus, fr. Gk st"m&n warp, thread# : having 'such or so many( stamens $diplostemonous% $isostemonous% sten- or steno- combining form "Gk, fr. stenos narrow, close, scanty# : close : narrow : little $stenobathic% & opposed to eurystep- combining form "ME, fr. OE st"op-$ akin to OFris stiapstep-, OHG stiof-, ON stj!p- step-, OE 4st"pan, 4st1pan to deprive, bereave, OHG bistiufen to deprive of children or parents# : related by virtue of a remarriage 'as of a parent( and not by blood $stepaunt% $stepcousin% $stepgrandchild% stephan- or stephano- combining form "Gk, fr. stephanos crown, fr. stephein to put round one)s head, encircle, crown# : crown : halo $Stephanurus% $stephanome% $Stephanofilaria% -ster n suffix -# "ME -ster, -stere, -estere, fr. OE -estre female agent+ akin to MD -ster# "1 : one that does or handles or operates $spinster% $tapster% $teamster% "2 : one that makes or uses $songster% $punster% "3 : one that is associated with or participates in $gamester% $gangster% stere- or stereo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. stereos solid# "1 : solid : solid body $stereospondylous% $stereopticon% "2 a : stereoscopic $stereocamera% "b : having or dealing with three sterndimensions of space $stereochemistry% "c : of, relating to, or considered with respect to stereochemistry $stereospecific% stern- or sterno- combining form "F, fr. Gk, fr. sternon# "1 : breast : sternum : breastbone $sternalgia% $sternad% "2 : sternal and $sternocleidomastoid% steth- or stetho- combining form "F stéth-, stétho-, fr. Gk st"th-, st"tho-, fr. st"thos# : breast : chest $stetharteritis% $stethometer% stib- or stibi- or stibio- also stibo- combining form "stibium# : antimony $stibine% $stibiocolumbite% $stibophen% -stich n combining form -# "L -stichon, fr. Gk, fr. neut. of -stichos having 'so many( rows or lines, fr. stichos row, line, verse# : poem or stanza consisting of 'so many( lines $decastich% $heptastich% -stichous adj combining form "LL -stichus, fr. Gk -stichos, fr. stichos row, line# : having 'such or so many( rows or sides $diplostichous% $monostichous% stom- or stomo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. stoma# : mouth : stoma $stomodaeum% $stomoisia% !-stoma n combining form, pl -stomata also -stomas "NL, fr. Gk stoma# "1 : mouth : opening : stoma $hypostoma% "2 or stomus : creature with 'such( a mouth or stoma & in generic names $Bdellostoma% $Gnathostoma% "-stoma or -stomata n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk stomat-, stoma mouth# : creatures with 'such( a mouth or stoma & in higher taxa in zoology $Gnathostoma% $Plagiostomata% stomat- or stomato- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. stomat-, stoma# : mouth : opening : stoma $stomatitis% $stomatoscope% -stomate adj combining form "stom- + -ate# : -#*'0%*'!# -stomatous adj combining form "prob. fr. NL -stomatus, fr. Gk stomat-, stoma mouth# : having 'such( a mouth or opening : stomatous $cyclostomatous% -stome n combining form -# "ISV, fr. NL -stoma# : mouth : opening resembling or functioning as a mouth $cytostome% -stomi n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk stoma mouth# : creatures having 'such( a mouth or opening & in names of higher taxa in zoology $Plagiostomi% $Aulostomi% $Selachostomi% !-stomia n combining form -# "NL, fr. stom- + -ia -y# : mouth exhibiting 'such( a condition $stenostomia% "-stomia n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk stomion mouth# : creatures sharing 'such( a condition of the mouth & in names of higher taxa in zoology $Deuterostomia% -stomous adj combining form "NL -stomus, fr. Gk stoma mouth# $gymnostomous% -stomum n combining form, pl -stoma "NL, fr. Gk stoma mouth# 1 : mouth : opening : stoma $prestomum% "2 : creature with 'such( a mouth & in generic names $Amphistomum% $Oesophagostomum% -stomus n combining form, pl stomi "NL, fr. Gk stoma mouth# 1 : condition of having 'such( a mouth $microstomus% "2 : creature with 'such( a mouth & in generic names $Agonostomus% $Catostomus% $Phyllostomus% !-stomy n combining form -$# "ISV, fr. NL (-stomia# : -#*'0+% "-stomy n combining form -$# "ISV stom- + -y# : surgical operation establishing a usu. permanent opening into 'such( a part $enterostomy% or between 'such( parts $esophagogastrostomy% strati- combining form "NL stratum# : stratum $stratiform% $stratigraphy% !strato- combining form "NL stratus# : stratus and $stratocirrus% $stratocumulus% "strato- combining form "stratosphere# : stratosphere $strato-chamber% strepsi- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. strepsis act or instance of turning, fr. strephein to turn# : turned : twisted $strepsitene% strept- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. streptos twisted, pliant, fr. strephein to twist, turn# "1 : twisted : twisted chain $Streptococcus% $streptaster% $Streptomyces% "2 : streptococcus $streptosepticemia% "3 : streptomycin $streptamine% stroph- or stropho- combining form "Gk, fr. strephein to twist turn# : twisting : turning $strophosis% $strophocephaly% 52 sulfon- !styl- or stylo- combining form "L stylo-, fr. Gk styl-, stylo-, fr. stylos# : pillar $Stylaster% $stylolite% "styl- or styli- or stylo- combining form "styl- fr. earlier stil-, fr. L, stalk, fr. stilus stake, stalk, stylus+ styli- fr. earlier stili-, fr. ML styli- stylus, fr. L stilus$ stylo- fr. styl- + -o-# "1 : style : styloid process $stylate% $styliferous% $stylographic% "2 : of or relating to a styloid process and $stylomastoid% -stylar adj combining form "Gk stylos pillar + E -ar# : having 'such or so many( pillars : having 'such( columniation $amphistylar% $heptastylar% !-style n combining form -# "LL -stylon, fr. L, neut. of -stylos characterized by the presence of 'so many( pillars, fr. Gk, fr. stylos pillar# "1 a : structure characterized by the presence of 'so many( pillars $polystyle% "b : structure with pillars $cyrtostyle% "2 : animal part felt to resemble a pillar $blastostyle% $pygostyle% "-style adj combining form "L -stylos, fr. Gk, fr. stylos pillar# : characterized by the presence of 'so many( pillars $distyle% -stylic adj combining form "Gk stylos pillar + E -ic# : being or having 'such( a connection of the jaw and skull $hyostylic% $streptostylic% -stylous adj combining form "style + -ous# : having 'such( a style or 'such or so many( styles & in descriptive terms in botany $dolichostylous% $monostylous% -styly n combining form -$# "ISV style + -y# : condition of having 'such or so many( styles & in botanical terms $heterostyly% sub- prefix "ME, fr. L, under, below, from below, up, near, further, after, fr. sub, prep.# "1 : under : beneath : below $subsoil% $subcutaneous% $subpier% $subdominant% $subhymenial% "2 a : subordinate : secondary : next lower than or inferior to $subcenter% $subfreshman% $subgenus% "b : subordinate portion of : subdivision of : derived from $subcommittee% $subculture% $subdistrict% $subscience%+ also : with repetition 'as of a process( so as to form, stress, or deal with subordinate parts or relations $subclassify% $sublet% $subbranch% $subcontract% "3 a : somewhat : slightly : less than completely or perfectly : inadequately : less than normally $subacid% $subdominant% $subovate% $subarcuate% $subclinical% $subacute% $subconvulsive% "b '1( : containing only a relatively small proportion or less than the normal amount of 'such( an element or radical $suboxide% & not used systematically+ compare 4)'*- "'2( : basic & in names of salts $subacetate% $subnitrate%+ not used systematically "4 a : almost : nearly $subalate% $subcaulescent% $subabdominal% $Subakhmimic% "b : falling nearly in the category of and often adjoining : bordering upon $subadult% $subarid% $subarctic% "c : immediately following : after $subapostolic% $sub-Mycenaean% succin- or succino- combining form "L succin-, sucin-, fr. succinum, sucinum amber# "1 : amber $succinic 'acid(% $succinite% $succiniferous% "2 : succinic acid $succinamide% $succinonitrile% sucr- or sucro- combining form "ISV, fr. F sucre, fr. OF# : sugar $sucroacid% sudano- combining form, usu cap "sudan# "1 : Sudanese : Sudanese and $Sudano-Guinean% "2 : Sudan dye $sudanophil% $sudanophobic% sul- combining form "sulfonic# : sulfonic $sultam% $sultone% sulf- or sulfo- or sulph- or sulpho- combining form "sulf-, sulfofr. F, fr. L sulfur$ sulph-, sulpho- modif. 'influenced by sulphur( of F sulf-, sulfo-# : sulfur $sulfhydryl% $sulfone% $sulfonium% $sulfocyanide%: as "a : sulfide $sulfarsenide% $sulfochloride% "b : derived from sulfuric acid : sulfuric $sulfamide% "c usu sulfo- : containing the sulfonic acid group esp. replacing hydrogen : sulfonic $sulfoamino% $sulfobenzoic% "d : #!.:'"- 2 $sulfochlorinate% "e : *(+- $sulfocyanate% sulfa- or sulf- also sulpha- or sulph- combining form "sulfa-, sulf- fr. sulfanilamide$ sulpha-, sulph- alter. 'influenced by sulphur( of sulfa-, sulf-# : derived from or otherwise closely related to sulfanilamide: as "a $sulfadiazine% "b : containing sulfanilyl $sulfacetamide% sulfon- also sulphon- combining form "sulfon- ISV sulfonic$ sumerosulphon- fr. obs. E sulphonic, fr. sulphone sulfone 'ISV sulf- + -one( + E -ic# "1 : sulfonic $sulfonamide% "2 : sulfonyl $sulfonamido% $sulfonmethane% $sulfonphthalein% sumero- combining form, usu cap "Sumerian# "1 : Sumerian $Sumerology% "2 : Sumerian and $Sumero-Assyrian% super- prefix "L, over, above, in addition, fr. super, adv. * prep.# "1 a '1( : over and above : higher in quantity, quality, or degree : more than $superstandard% $superconscious% "'2( : in addition : extra $supertax% "'3( : of a secondary character $superparasite% "b '1( : exceeding a norm $superalkalinity% $supersecretion% "'2( : in excessive degree or intensity $superingenious% $superrefined% "c : surpassing all or most others of its kind or class 'as in power, size, or complexity( $superbomber% $superweapon% $superstate% "2 a : situated or placed above, on, or at the top of $supertower% $superglacial%+ specif : situated on the dorsal side of "b : next above or higher $superoctave% $supertonic% "3 : having the 'specified( ingredient present in a large or unusually large proportion $superoxide% & compare 3+- 4a, 4$)- 1b'1( "4 : having an additional dimension $supercube% $supersurface% "5 : constituting a more inclusive category than that specified $superfamily% $superspecies% "6 : superior in status, title, or position $supersovereign% supero- combining form "L superus upper# : situated above $superoanterior% $superomedial% supra- prefix "L supra-, fr. supra above, on top, beyond, further back, earlier 'adv. * prep.(+ akin to L super over# "1 a : above : higher than $supraclavicular% "b : transcending $supranational% "2 : situated on the dorsal or upper side of $supraesophageal% $supracranial% "3 : prior to $supralapsarian% sur- prefix "ME, fr. OF sour-, sur-, fr. L super- & more at #!4$)-# "1 a : over $surprint% $surrevise% $surfuse% "b : excessive $surcloy% $surexcitation% "2 : above : up $surbase% sursum- combining form "L susum, sursum under, from below, upwards, fr. subs- 'var. of sub-( + versum, neut. of versus, past part. of vertere to turn# : upward $sursumvergence% -sy n suffix -$# "(-s + -y# : small one : one affectionately regarded $mopsy% $popsy% -syllabic adj combining form "F -syllabique, fr. -syllabe -syllabic 'fr. L -syllabus, fr. Gk -syllabos, fr. syllab" syllable( + -ique -ic# : having or relating to syllables of a 'specified( kind or number $ambisyllabic% $heptasyllabic% $imparisyllabic% symbolo- combining form "Gk symbolon# : sign : symbol $symbololatry% sympathetico- combining form "sympathetic 1nervous system0# "1 : sympathetic $sympatheticomimetic% "2 : sympathetic and $sympatheticoadrenal% sympathico- combining form "NL sympathicus, fr. sympathia sympathy + -icus -ic# : sympathetic $sympathicotonia% sympatho- combining form "NL sympathicus & more at #104%*(+&'-# : sympathetic $sympatholytic% syn- or sym- prefix "syn- fr. ME sin-, syn-, fr. OF, fr. L syn-, fr. Gk, fr. syn with, together with, by means of, at the same time as, alter. of xyn$ sym- fr. ME sim-, sym-, fr. MF, fr. L sym-, fr. Gk, fr. syn-# "1 : with : along with : together $syncline% $syngenesis% "2 : at the same time $synanthesis% "3 : like : associated $syntype% synchro- combining form "synchronized ) synchronous# : synchronized : synchronous $synchroflash% $synchromesh% syndesm- or syndesmo- combining form "Gk syndesmos, fr. syndein to bind together# : ligament $syndesmosis% : connection : contact $syndesmochorial% syring- or syringo- combining form "Gk, panpipe, fistula, tube, fr. syring-, syrinx# : tube : fistula $syringadenous% syro- combining form, usu cap "L, fr. Gk, fr. Syros Syrian# "1 : Syria or Syrians $Syrophile% "2 : Syrian and $Syro-Egyptian% $Syro-Iraqi% "3 : Syriac and $Syro-Aramaic% tabo- combining form "NL, fr. L tabes# : progressive wasting : tabes $tabophobia% tacho- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk tachos speed+ akin to Gk tachys swift & more at *%&(1-# : speed $tachogram% tachy- combining form "Gk, fr. tachys$ perh. akin to OIr dain- 53 -tene gen strong, firm, OSlav d2gŭ strength# : swift : rapid : accelerated $tachycardia% $tachygenesis% $tachylyte% $tachymeter% -tactic adj combining form "Gk taktikos# "1 : having an arrangement or pattern of $chaetotactic% "2 : showing orientation or movement directed by a 'specified( force or agent $geotactic% $phototactic% "3 : having an arrangement or pattern of a 'specified( kind $homotactic% taen- or taeni- or taenio- combining form "L taenia# "1 : ribbon : fillet $taeniate% $taeniodonta% "2 : tapeworm $taeniasis% $taenicide% $taenifuge% talco- combining form "talcum# : talc and $talcochlorite% : talcose and $talcomicaceous% talo- combining form "L talus ankle, anklebone# : astragalar and $talofibular% $talotibial% talpi- combining form "L talpa# : mole $talpiform% tann- or tanno- combining form "F, fr. tannin, tanin# : tan : tannin : tanning substance $tannogen% $tannase% $tannometer% tantal- or tantalo- also tantali- combining form "Sw, fr. NL tantalum# : tantalum $tantaliferous% tany- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, long, stretched out# : stretched out $Tanystomata% $Tanygnathus% tars- or tarso- combining form "NL, fr. tarsus# "1 usu tarso- : tarsus $tarsophyma% $tarsalgia% $tarsectomy% "2 usu tarso: tarsal and $tarsoorbital% $tarsotibial% tartr- or tartro- combining form "F, fr. tartre tartar, fr. MF# : tartar : tartaric acid $tartramide% taur- or tauri- or tauro- combining form "taur-, tauri- fr. L, fr. taurus$ tauro- fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. tauros# "1 : bull $taurodont% $tauricide% $tauromorphic% "2 : taurine $taurocholic% taut- or tauto- combining form "LL, fr. Gk, fr. tautos identical, fr. to auto the same, fr. to, neut. definite article + auto 'neut. of autos( same & more at %!*-# : same $tautomerism% $tautonym% tax- or taxo- also taxi- combining form "tax- fr. Gk taxis$ taxofr. F, fr. Gk taxis$ taxi- fr. F, fr. Gk, fr. taxis# : arrangement $taxaspidean% $taxeme% $taxidermy% $taxology% -taxia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk & more at -*%61# : -*%6+# 1 $heterotaxia% -taxis n combining form, pl -taxes "NL, fr. Gk taxis# "1 : arrangement : order $homotaxis% "2 : taxis $chemotaxis% $heliotaxis% $thermotaxis% -taxy n combining form -$# "Gk -taxia, fr. taktos 'verbal of tassein to arrange, order( + -ia -y# : -*%6+# $epitaxy% $pleiotaxy% techno- combining form "Gk, fr. techn"# "1 : art : craft $technography% "2 : technical : technological $technocracy% $technoculture% "3 : applied $technopsychology% -techny n combining form -$# "F -technie, fr. Gk techn" art, craft + F -ie -y# : technical specialization $hydrotechny% $metallotechny% tecno- combining form "Gk tekno-, fr. teknon# : child $tecnology% $tecnogenesis% !tel- or tele- also telo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk t"l-, t"le- far, far off, distant, fr. t"le & more at 4%.$-# "1 : distant : at a distance : over a distance $telegram% $telegnosis% $telekinesis% $telesthesia% $television% $telodynamic% "2 a : telegraph $teletape% $teletypewriter% "b : television $telecamera% "c : telephoto $telelens% "d : telecommunication $teleman% "tel- or telo- also tele- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk tel-, telo-, fr. telos end, consummation, completeness# "1 : end $telangiectasia% $teloblast% $telemetacarpal% "2 : complete : mature $Telanthera% $Telanthropus% tele- or teleo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk teleio-, teleo-, fr. teleios, teleos, fr. telos end, consummation, completeness# : complete : perfect $teleodont% $Teleocephali% teleut- or teleuto- combining form "Gk teleut", fr. telos end# : completion $teleutospore% tellur- or telluri- or telluro- combining form "L tellur-, tellus earth# "1 : earth $tellurian% $tellurometer% "2 : tellurium $telluric% $telluriferous% $tellurobismuthite% temporo- combining form "temporal# : temporal and $temporomaxillary% $temporofrontal% -tene n combining form -# "L or Gk+ L taenia ribbon, band, fr. -tene Gk tainia# : stage of meiotic prophase characterized by 'such( chromosomal filaments $diplotene% $pachytene% -tene adj combining form "-tene, n. comb. form# : having 'such or so many( chromosomal filaments $polytene% $pachytene% teno- combining form "irreg. fr. Gk tenont-, ten&n tendon+ akin to Gk teinein to stretch# : tendon $tenoplasty% $tenotomy% ter- combining form "L, fr. ter three times+ akin to Gk * Skt tris three times, L tres three# "1 : three times, threefold, thrice, three $tercentenary% "2 : *)+- 4 & esp. in names of organic compounds to denote tripling of a radical or molecule $terphenyl% tera- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk teras monster# : trillion $terabyte% $terahertz% terat- or terato- combining form "Gk, fr. terat-, teras marvel, portent, monster+ akin to Lith keras enchantment, Skt k$ty+ action, enchantment, karoti he does, acts, and perh. to ON skars monster, skyrsi portent, Skt +ścarya marvelous# : monster $teratism% $teratology% -teria n combining form -# "cafeteria# : place having self-service $groceteria% termito- combining form "NL Termit-, Termes# : termite $termitophagous% ternati- combining form "NL ternatus ternate# : ternately $ternati-pinnate% tessara- or tessera- also tessar- combining form "L, fr. Gk tessara, tessera, neut. of tessares, tesseres, tettares four# : four $tessaraglot% $tesseradecade% tetan- or tetano- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. tetanos# : tetanus $tetanogenic% $tetaniform% tetart- or tetarto- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk, fr. tetartos$ akin to Gk tettares, tessares four# : one fourth $tetartohedral% tetra- or tetr- combining form "ME, fr. LL, fr. L, fr. Gk+ akin to Gk tettares, tessares four# "1 : four : having four : having four parts $tetracarpellary% $tetrapartite% $tetratomic% "2 : containing four atoms, radicals, or groups 'of a specified kind( $tetraboric% $tetracid% !-th or -eth adj suffix "ME -the, -te, -ethe, fr. OE -tha, -ta, -otha, -etha$ akin to OHG -do, -to -th, ON -di, -ti, Goth -da, -ta, L -tus, Gk -tos, Skt -tha# & used in forming ordinal numbers $tenth% $twentieth% "-th n suffix -# "ME -the, -th, fr. OE -thu, -th$ akin to OHG -ida, suffix forming abstract nouns, ON -th, Goth -itha, L -ta, Gk -t", Skt -t+# "1 : act or process $spilth% "2 : state or condition $breadth% $greenth% $width% thalam- or thalamo- combining form "NL, fr. thalamus# "1 : thalamus $thalamencephalon% $thalamofugal% "2 : thalamic and $thalamocortical% thalass- or thalasso- combining form "Gk, fr. thalassa, thalatta# : sea $thalassemia% $thalassometer% thall- or thalli- or thallo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk thall-, thallo-, fr. thallos# "1 : a young shoot : thallus $Thallophyta% $thallium% $thalliform% "2 : thallium $thallic% thamn- or thamno- combining form "Gk, fr. thamnos$ akin to Gk thama frequent, often, tithenai to place, put# : bush : shrub $thamnophile% thanat- or thanato- combining form "Gk, fr. thanatos$ akin to Skt adhvan't it vanished and prob. to L fumus smoke# : death $thanatoid% $thanatology% the- or theo- combining form "ME theo-, fr. LL, fr. L, god, fr. Gk the-, theo- god, God, fr. theos$ perh. akin to MHG getw+s ghost, Lith dvasia spirit, dvasas spirit, breath# "1 a : God $theism% $theocentric% "b : god $theomancy% "2 a : theological and $theoastrological% "b : theology and $theomythology% theatro- combining form "Gk, fr. theatron# : theater $theatromania% thec- or theci- or theco- combining form "NL, fr. theca# : theca $theciferous% $thecitis% $Thecosomata% -theca n combining form, pl -thecae "NL, fr. L theca# : sheath or covering of a 'specified( type $gonotheca% $myxotheca% -thecium n combining form, pl -thecia "NL, fr. Gk th"kion small case, small chest# : small containing structure $endothecium% -theism n combining form -# "MF -théisme, fr. thé- the- + -isme 54 thromb- -ism# : belief in 'such( a god or 'such or so many( gods $pantheism% $zootheism% -theist n combining form -# "MF -théiste, fr. thé- the- + -iste -ist# : one that believes in 'such( a god or 'such or so many( gods $hylotheist% $monotheist% & -theistic adj combining form thely- combining form "Gk th"ly-, fr. th"lys# : female $thelygenic% theologico- combining form "NL, fr. LL theologicus# : theological and $theologicophilosophical% $theologicopolitical% theoretico- combining form "theoretical# : theoretical and $theoreticopractical% ther- or thero- combining form "Gk th"r-, th"ro-, fr. th"r# : wild beast $Theromorpha% $therodont% -theria n combining form "NL, fr. Gk th"ria, pl. of th"rion# : beasts : animals & in names of higher taxa of mammalian forms $Prototheria% therio- combining form "Gk th"rio-, th"ri-, fr. th"rion# : wild animal : beast $theriolatry% $theriomimicry% -therium n combining form "NL, fr. Gk th"rion# : beast : animal & in generic names of extinct mammalian forms $Megatherium% $Titanotherium% therm- or thermo- combining form "Gk, fr. therm" heat# "1 : heat $thermacoustic% $thermochemistry% "2 : thermoelectric $thermopile% -therm n combining form -# "Gk therm" heat, fr. thermos hot# "1 "prob. fr. F -therme, fr. Gk therm" heat# "a : plant accustomed to a 'specified( type of heat $megatherm% $microtherm% $xerotherm% "b : animal having a 'specified( body temperature $ectotherm% $endotherm% "2 : thermic line $isobathytherm% -thermia or -thermy n combining form, pl -thermias or -thermies "NL -thermia, fr. Gk therm" heat + L -ia -y# : state of heat : generation of heat $diathermy% $hypothermia% -thermous adj combining form "Gk -thermos, fr. therm" heat# : having 'such( heat $homothermous% $xerothermous% thi- or thio- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk thei-, theio- sulfur, brimstone, fr. theion$ prob. akin to Gk thyein to rage, seethe# : containing sulfur $thiamine%+ esp : containing bivalent sulfur usu. in place of oxygen $thiocyanic% $thioether% & compare #!.:- c !thia- or thi- combining form "ISV, fr. thi- + -a-# : containing sulfur in place of carbon or regarded as in place of carbon usu. in place of the methylene group $CH#$ $thiacyclohexane% $thiadiazole% $thiazole% & compare %;%-, '6%"thia- combining form : *(+- $thiachroman% thigmo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk thigma touch 'fr. thinganein to touch, handle( + NL -o-$ akin to L fingere to shape# : touch $thigmoreceptor% !thion- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk theion & more at *(+-# : sulfur $thionic% "thion- or thiono- combining form "thion- ISV, fr. Gk theion sulfur+ thiono- ISV, fr. Gk theion + ISV -o-# : containing sulfur doubly bound to another atom 'as in the thiocarbonyl group( $thionothiolic% -thionium n combining form -# "NL, fr. thi- + -onium# : onium compound containing sulfur and usu. another element 'as nitrogen( besides carbon in a ring $phenazathionium% thorac- or thoraci- or thoraco- combining form "F thorac-, fr. LGk th&rak-, fr. Gk th&rak-, th&rako- corslet, fr. th&rak-, th&rax corslet, chest# "1 : chest : thorax $thoracodynia% $thoracoplasty% "2 : thoracic and $thoracispinal% $thoracolumbar% thre- or threo- combining form "ISV, fr. threose# : threose $threitol% -thrix n combining form "NL -trich-, -thrix, fr. Gk trich-, thrix hair# "1 : one having 'such( hair or hairlike filaments & in generic names of plants and animals $Lagothrix% $Streptothrix% "2 pl -triches + or -thrixes : pathological condition of having 'such( hair $lepothrix% $monilethrix% thromb- or thrombo- combining form "Gk thrombos lump, clot of blood, curd# "1 a : blood clot $thrombocyst% "b : associated with the clotting of blood $thrombin% $thrombostasis% "2 : marked by or associated with thrombosis $thromboangiitis% thym!thym- or thymo- combining form "ISV, fr. L thymum# 1 : thyme $thymol% "2 : thymol $thymoquinone CH*C&H#'C*H-(O#% "thym- or thymo- combining form "NL thymus# : thymus : of the thymus $thymoprivic% $thymectomize% $thym- or thymo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. thymos spirit, soul, mind# : soul : spirit : emotion $thymogenic% $thymotactic% -thymia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk, fr. thymos spirit, mind, courage + -ia# : 'such( a condition of mind and will $schizothymia% thyr- or thyro- combining form "thyroid# "1 : thyroid $thyrasthenia% "2 : thyroid and $thyroarytenoid% thyreo- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk thyreoeid"s# "1 : thyroid $thyreotomy% "2 : thyroid and $thyreocervical% thysan- or thysano- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. thysanos# : tassel : fringe $Thysanoptera% $Thysanura% tibeto- combining form, usu cap "tibet + -o-# : Tibetan and $Tibeto-Chinese% $Tibeto-Himalayan% tibio- combining form "NL, fr. L tibia shinbone# "1 : fused tibia and $tibiotarsus% "2 : tibial and $tibiocalcaneal% $tibiofemoral% titan- or titano- combining form "NL titanium# : titanium $titanate% $titanocyanide% $titanofluoride% toco- or toko- combining form "Gk tokos, fr. tiktein to bear, beget# : childbirth : offspring $tocogenetic% $tocology% -tokous adj combining form "Gk -tokos, fr. tiktein to bear# : producing 'such or so many( offspring $deuterotokous% -toky n combining form -$# "Gk -tokia, fr. -tokos + -ia -y# : parturition : delivery $deuterotoky% tol- or tolu- combining form "ISV, fr. tolu# "1 : tolu $toluol% "2 : toluene $toluic% $tolyl% : toluic $toluate% -toma n combining form -# "NL, fr. fem. of -tomus cutting, cut, segmented & more at -*'0$# : animal having a 'specified( type of segmentation & in generic names esp. of insects $Triatoma% -tome n combining form -# "NL -tomus, fr. -tomus cutting, cut, segmented, fr. Gk -tomos, fr. temnein to cut# "1 : part : section $angiotome% $gonotome% "2 : cutting instrument $microtome% $pharyngotome% -tomous adj combining form "NL -tomus & more at -*'0$# "1 : cut : divided $orthotomous% $rhachitomous% "2 : cutting $xylotomous% -tomy n combining form -$# "NL -tomia, fr. Gk, fr. -tomos cutting + -ia -y & more at -*'0$# : incision : section $carniotomy% $laparotomy% $sclerotomy% -tonia n combining form -# "NL, fr. tonus + -ia -y# : condition or degree of tonus $hypotonia% $somatotonia% tono- combining form "Gk tonos tension, pitch, tone# "1 : tone $tonology% $tonoscope% "2 : pressure $tonometer% $tonotaxis% tonsill- or tonsillo- combining form "L tonsillae tonsils# : tonsil $tonsillectomy% $tonsillotomy% -tony n combining form -$# "NL -tonia# : -*'"+% $hypertony% top- or topo- combining form "ME, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. topos# "1 : place : locality $topophobia% "2 : local $topoalgia% $topectomy% -topy n combining form -$# "NL -topia, fr. Gk, way, place, fr. topos place + -ia -y# : position : location $heterotopy% toti- combining form "L totus whole, entire# : whole : wholly $totipalmate% touch- combining form "obs. touch-powder, powder used for priming a gun, fr. ME towchepoudre, fr. MF toucher to touch, kindle 'a fire( + ME poudre powder# : serving for quick ignition $touchhole% $touchwood% !tox- or toxi- or toxo- combining form "LL, fr. L toxicum poison# 1 : toxic : poisonous $toxidermic% $toxin% "2 : toxin : poison $toxoid% "tox- or toxi- or toxo- combining form "Gk, fr. toxon bow, arrow# 1 : bowed : arched $Toxodonta% "2 : arrow : shaped like an arrow $Toxoglossa% $Toxifera% "3 : archery $toxophily% toxic- or toxico- combining form "NL, fr. L toxicum# : poison $toxicology% $toxicophobia% $toxicemia% 55 tris- trache- or tracheo- combining form "NL, fr. ML trachea# "1 : trachea $tracheoscopy% "2 : tracheal and $tracheolaryngeal% trachel- or trachelo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk trach"l-, trach"lo-, fr. trach"los# "1 a : neck $trachelology% "b : cervical and $tracheloscapular% "2 : necklike anatomical structure : cervix $tracheloplasty% trachy- combining form "in sense 1, fr. NL, fr. Gk, fr. trachys rough, harsh+ in sense 2, fr. F, fr. trachyte# "1 : rough : strong $trachyglossate% $trachychromatic% "2 : trachytic $trachydolerite% $trachyandesite% trans- prefix "L trans-, tra- across, beyond, to the other side, through, so as to change, fr. trans across, beyond, on or to the other side, through# "1 a : across $transpolar% $transatlantic% $transoceanic% "b '1( : beyond $transhuman% $transmundane% '2( : beyond 'a specified chemical element( in the periodic table $transplutonium% $transuranic% "c : through $translucent% $transcutaneous% "d : completeness of change $transshape% "2 : transverse $transfrontal% $transprocess% "3 : transfer : interchange & in names of chemical reactions and enzymes $transamination% traumat- or traumato- combining form "LL, fr. Gk, fr. traumat-, trauma# : wound : trauma $traumatism% trega- or treg- combining form "trillion + -ega-, -eg- 'as in mega-, meg-(# : one million millions : trillion : 1045 $tregerg% $tregadyne% -trema n combining form "NL -tremat-, -trema, fr. Gk tr"mat-, tr"ma hole# "1 pl -tremas+ or -tremata : hole : orifice : opening $helicotrema% "2 : creature having 'such( an opening & in generic names $Eurytrema% -tremata n pl combining form "NL, pl. of -trema# : creatures having 'such( an opening & in names of orders and other higher taxa $Derotremata% -tresia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk tr"sis 'akin to Gk tetrainein to pierce( + NL -ia# : perforation $proctotresia% $sphenotresia% tri- combining form "ME, fr. L+ akin to Gk tri-, L tria three# "1 : three $triarch% $triact% : characterized by or having three or three parts $tricrotic% $tricycle% $tripod% "2 : three times or in three ways $trifarious% $trisonant%+ also : into three $trisect% 3 : trice : every third $triweekly% $triennial% "4 : containing three atoms, radicals, or groups 'of a specified kind( $tribromide% -tribe n combining form -# "Gk tribein to rub# "1 : one that rubs against & used esp. of flowers during cross-fertilization $pleurotribe% $sternotribe% "2 : instrument for crushing, compressing, or rubbing $angiotribe% $osteotribe% tribo- combining form "F, fr. Gk tribein to rub# : friction $tribofluorescence% $tribophosphorescent% trich- or tricho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. trich-, thrix hair# : hair : filament $trichopathy% $trichatrophic% -tricha n combining form, pl -tricha "NL, fr. Gk -trichos -trichous# : one or ones having 'such( ciliation & in names of taxa $Gastrotricha% $Oxytricha% -trichi n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk trich-, thrix hair# : persons having 'such( hair $leiotrichi% -trichia n combining form -# "NL, fr. trich- + -ia# "1 : condition of having 'such( hair $oligotrichia% $hypotrichia% "2 : hairiness $glossotrichia% -trichous adj combining form "Gk -trichos, fr. trich- thrix hair# : having 'such( hair : haired $peritrichous% -trichy n combining form -$# "NL -trichia# : the condition of having 'such( hair $lissotrichy% tricyclo- combining form "ISV tri- + cycl-# : tricyclic $tricycloalkanes% -triene n suffix -# "tri- + -ene# : chemical compound containing three double bonds $octatriene% trigon- or trigono- combining form "L, fr. Gk trig&n-, trig&no-, fr. trig&nos# : triangular $Trigonella% $trigonotype% tripl- or triplo- combining form "Gk triploos, fr. tri- three + -ploos 'as in diploos double( & more at *)+-# : triple $triplopia% $triploblastic% tris- prefix "Gk, fr. tris, fr. treis three# : thrice : tripled $triste- trittrahedron% & esp. in complex chemical expressions $tris'2-chloroethyl(-amine% trit- or trito- combining form "Gk, fr. tritos$ akin to Gk treis three# : third : tertiary $tritonymph% $tritovum% -trix n suffix, pl -trices or -trixes "ME, fr. L, fem. of -tor, ending of agent nouns, fr. -tus, past part. ending + -or & more at -$-# "1 : female that does or is associated with a 'specified( thing $aviatrix% $narratrix% $inheritrix% "2 : straight line & in geometry $trisectrix% $directrix% $tractrix% troch- or trocho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. trochos wheel, fr. trechein to run# : wheel : resembling a wheel : round $Trochodendron% $Trochelminthes% $trochophora% -troch n combining form -# "NL -trocha# : ciliated band $mesotroch% $prototroch% -trocha n combining form, pl -trochas also -trochae "NL, fr. fem. sing. of -trochus having 'such( a ciliated band, fr. Gk trochos wheel# : creature or larva having 'such( a ciliated band $actinotrocha% troglo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk tr&glo-, fr. tr&gl" hole, cave# : cave-dwelling : troglodytic $troglobiont% -tron n suffix -# "Gk, suffix denoting an instrument 'as Gk arotron plow, fr. stem of aroun to plow(+ akin to OE -thor, suffix denoting an instrument, ON -thr, L -trum, MIr -thar, Skt -tra# 1 : vacuum tube $magnetron% "2 : device for the manipulation of subatomic particles $cyclotron% $isotron% !trop- or tropo- combining form "ISV, fr. Gk, fr. tropos# "1 : turn : turning : change $tropometer% $troposphere% "2 : affinity for : tendency to turn toward : tropism $tropic% $tropotaxis% "trop- also tropa- combining form "ISV, fr. tropine# "1 : tropine $tropate% "2 : atropine $tropoyl% !-trope n combining form -# "F, fr. Gk tropos turn, direction, way# "1 : turn : change : affinity for $chromotrope% $neurotrope% "2 : body characterized by 'such( an inversion $hemitrope% "3 : instrument and esp. optical instrument that functions by rotating, reversing, or reflecting $rheotrope% $thaumatrope% "-trope adj combining form "F, fr. Gk -tropos, fr. trepein to turn# : turning : being reverted $anisotrope% $hemitrope% troph- or tropho- combining form "F, fr. Gk, fr. trephein to nourish# : nutrition $trophopathy% $trophallaxis% $trophospore% -trophic also -trophous adj combining form "NL -trophia -trophy + E -ic or -ous# "1 a also -trophous : of or relating to a 'specified( type of nutrition $hypertrophic% $hypertrophous% b : having a 'specified( nutritional requirement $monotrophic% "2 : -*)'4+& 1, 2 $glycotrophic% $lipotrophic% -trophy n combining form -$# "NL -trophia, fr. Gk, fr. troph- + -ia -y# : nutrition : nourishment : nurture : growth $eutrophy% $nosotrophy% $pedotrophy% -tropia n combining form -# "NL, fr. Gk, turn, deviation, fr. -tropos -trope + -ia -y# : condition of 'such( a deviation in the line of vision $esotropia% $hypertropia% -tropic adj combining form "F -tropique, fr. (-trope + -ique -ic# "1 : turning, changing, or tending to turn or change esp. in a 'specified( manner or in response to a 'specified( stimulus $bacteriotropic% $enantiotropic% $geotropic% $heliotropic% $isotropic% $chemotropic% "2 : attracted specif. to 'such( a tissue, organ, or system $neurotropic% $viscerotropic% "3 : -*)'4(+& 1 $ectotropic% $endotropic% -tropism n combining form -# "ISV, fr. (-trope + -ism# : tendency to turn toward : affinity for : tropism $heliotropism% $neurotropism% -tropous adj combining form "Gk -tropos, fr. trepein to turn# : turning or curving in 'such( a way : exhibiting 'such( a tropism $anatropous% -tropy n combining form -$# "F -tropie, fr. Gk -tropia turn, fr. -tropos --trope + -ia -y# "1 : condition of turning or curving in 'such( a way or of exhibiting 'such( a tropism $hemitropy% "2 : change in a 'specified( way or in response to a 'specified( stimulus trypan- or trypano- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. trypanon auger, borer, trepan, fr. trypan to bore, pierce through, fr. 56 -ulent trypa hole+ akin to OSlav truplŭ hollow, Gk tetrainein to pierce# "1 : borer : auger $trypanosome% "2 : trypanosome $trypanocidal% tubercul- or tuberculo- combining form "NL, fr. L tuberculum, dim. of tuber# "1 a : tubercle $tubercular% "b : tuberculous $tuberculid% "2 : tubercle bacillus $tuberculin% "3 : tuberculosis $tuberculotherapy% tubi- combining form "NL, fr. L tubus# : tube $tubivalve% $Tubipora% tubuli- combining form "NL, fr. L tubulus tubule, tube# "1 : tubule : tubulus $tubuliferous% "2 : tubular $tubuliflorous% tubulo- combining form "L tubulus tubule, tube + E -o-# : tubular and $tubuloracemose% -tude n suffix -# "MF or L+ MF -tude, fr. L -tudin-, -tudo# : -"$## $omnitude% $parvitude% tungst- or tungsto- combining form "ISV, fr. tungsten# "1 : tungsten $tungstoboric% "2 : tungstic acid $tungstate% turbinato- combining form "L turbinatus turbinate# : conically $turbinatoconcave% $turbinatocylindrical% $turbinatoglobose% turbo- combining form "turbine# "1 : coupled directly to a driving turbine $turboalternator% $turboblower% $turbocompressor% $turbodynamo% $turboexciter% $turbofan% $turbogenerator% $turbopump% "2 : consisting of or incorporating a turbine $turbomachine% $turbomotor% $turboventilator% turco or turko- combining form, usu cap "turco- fr. ML Turcus Turk+ turko- fr. turk# "1 : Turkic $Turko-Tatar% "2 : Turkish $Turkoman% "3 : Turkish and $Turco-Greek% twi- prefix "ME, fr. OE+ akin to OFris * OS twi-, OHG zwi-, ON tv'-, tv"-, L bi- 'fr. OL dui-(, Gk di-, Lith dvi- twi-, OE tw"gen, tw+, t! two# : two : double : doubly : twice $twi-circle% $twi-faced% -ty n suffix -$# "ME -te, -tee, -tie, fr. OF -té, fr. L -tat-, -tas$ akin to Gk -t"t-, -t"s -ty, Skt -t+t, -t+ti# : quality : condition : degree $apriority% tyl- or tylo- combining form "Gk, fr. tylos, tyl" knob, lump, callus, pad# : knob : knobbed $tylaster% $Tylosaurus% : pad $Tylopoda% tympan- or tympano- combining form "NL tympanum# "1 : tympanum : tympanic membrane $tympanitis% $tympanotomy% "2 : tympanic and $tympanoeustachian% typ- or typo- combining form "Gk, fr. typos# : type : image : model $typonym% $typology% typh- or typho- combining form "NL typhus# : typhus : typhoid $typhosepsis% typhl- or typhlo- combining form "in sense 1, fr. Gk, blind, fr. typhlos$ in sense 2, fr. Gk typhlon, fr. neut. of typhlos blind# "1 : blind $typhlosole% : blindness $typhlology% "2 : cecum $typhlitis% $typhlotomy% -typy n combining form -$# "type + -y# : condition, process, or art related to or involving the use of 'such( a type $heliotypy% tyr- or tyro- combining form "Gk, fr. tyros cheese# : cheese $tyramine% $tyrotoxin% (ber- also uber- prefix, sometimes cap "G 'as in 3bermensch superman(, fr. 3ber over, beyond the limits of, fr. OHG ubari# : being a superlative example of its kind or class $3bermayor% $3berthermometer% ugro- combining form, usu cap "ugrian# : Ugrian and $Ugro-Aryan% $Ugro-Finnic% -ula n suffix, pl -ulas or -ulae "L & more at -!.$# : small one $Clangula% $siphonula% $placula% -ular adj suffix "L -ularis, fr. -ulus, -ula, -ulum -ule + -aris -ar# : of, relating to, or resembling $crevicular% & chiefly in words where the base word is derived from a Latin word having a diminutive in -ulus, -ula, or $tubular% $valvular% ulcero- combining form "L ulcer-, ulcus# "1 : ulcer $ulcerogenic% 2 : ulcerous and $ulceroglandular% -ule n suffix -# "F * L+ F -ule, fr. L -ulus, masc. dim. suffix, -ula, fem. dim. suffix, -ulum neut. dim. suffix# : small one $cymule% $veinule% -ulent adj suffix "L -ulentus, -olentus$ prob. akin to L ol"re to smell# : that abounds in 'a specified thing( : that has 'a specified thing( in marked amount or degree $nidorulent% ulnoulno- combining form "NL ulna# : ulnar and $ulnocarpal% $ulnoradial% ulo- combining form "NL ula# : connection with or relation to the gums $ulorrhagia% -ulose n suffix -# "levulose# : ketose sugar & esp. in names of 2-keto sugars $heptulose% $xylulose% -ulous adj suffix "L -ulus, dim. suffix# : being slightly or minutely $hirsutulous% $viscidulous% ultra- prefix "L, fr. ultra beyond 'adv. * prep.(, fr. abl. sing. fem. of 'assumed( ulter situated beyond# "1 : beyond in space : on the other side : *)%"#- $ultratropical% $ultramedian% "2 : beyond the range or limits of : transcending : #!4$)$ultramicroscopic% $ultrasonic% "3 : beyond what is common, ordinary, natural, right, proper, or moderate : excessively : exceedingly : (14$)- $ultracomplex% $ultracritical% $ultraformal% $ultramodern% ultramicro- combining form "ultra- + micr-# : of, involving, or being for quantities of material smaller than micro quantities : on a scale smaller than micro -ulum n suffix, pl -ulums or -ula "L & more at -!.$# : small one $septulum% $frenulum% -ulus n suffix, pl -uluses or -uli "L & more at -!.$# : a small one $phoeniculus% umbell- or umbelli- combining form "NL, fr. L umbella parasol, umbrella# : umbel : umbellate $umbelloid% $umbelliform% !un- prefix "ME, fr. OE+ akin to OHG un- un-, ON &, !-, Goth un-, L in-, Gk a-, an-, Skt a-, an- un-, OE ne not# "1 : not : +"-, "'"- & in adjectives formed from adjectives $uncapacious% $ungratifiable% $unneighborlike% $unstrenuous% including adjectivally used past and present participles $uncamouflaged% $unchosen% $undressed% $unsoothing% and adjectives formed by adding -ed to nouns $unbearded%, in nouns formed from nouns $unostentation%, and rarely in verbs formed from verbs $unbe%+ sometimes in words that have a meaning that merely negates that of the base word and are thereby distinguished from words that prefix in- or a variant of it 'as im-( to the same base word and have a meaning positively opposite to that of the base word $unartistic% $unmoral% "2 : opposite of : contrary to & in adjectives formed from adjectives $unconstitutional% $ungraceful% $unpalatable% $unwarlike% including adjectivally used past and present participles $unaffected% $unstinting% and adjectives formed by adding -ed to nouns $unprincipled%, and in nouns formed from nouns $unrest% "un- prefix "ME, fr. OE un-, on-, alter. of and- against & more at %"*$-# "1 a : do the opposite of : reverse 'a specified action( : -$- 1a ,-+#- 1a & in verbs formed from verbs $unbend% $undress% $unfold% "b : cause to cease to & in verbs formed from verbs $unbe% "2 a : deprive of : remove 'a specified thing( from : remove & in verbs formed from nouns $unflesh% $unfrock% $unsex%+ compare -$- ,-+#- "b : release from : free from & in verbs formed from nouns $unhand% "c : remove from : extract from : bring out of & in verbs formed from nouns $unbosom% $unheaven%+ compare -$- ,-+#- "d : cause to cease to be & in verbs formed from nouns $unking%+ compare ,-+#- "3 : completely $unloose% & compare ,-+#undec- combining form "L undecim, prob. fr. unus one + decem ten# : eleven $undecane% $undecennial% $undecillion% ungui- combining form "L unguis nail, claw, hoof# : nail : claw uni- prefix "ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. unus# : one : single $uniaxial% $unicellular% $unilateral% uns- or unsym- combining form "fr. unsymmetrical# usu ital : unsymmetrical & in names of organic compounds $uns-dichloro-ethane% !ur- or uro- combining form "NL, fr. Gk our-, ouro-, fr. ouron urine# "1 : urine $uranalysis% $urobilin% "2 : urinary tract $urogram% "3 : urination $urolagnia% "4 : urinal and $urogenital% "5 : urea $urethane% $uracil% "6 : uric acid $uroxanic% "ur- or uro- combining form "NL, fr. Gk our-, ouro-, fr. oura, akin to Gk orrhos buttocks# "1 : tail : taillike $urosteon% $Uroglena% $uropod% "2 : posterior segment, region, or process : caudal $urite% $urohyal% $urosome% 57 vertebr- -ura n combining form, pl -ura "NL, fr. fem. sing. and neut. pl. of -urus -urous# : one having 'such( a tail $Chelura% : ones having 'such( a tail $Brachyura% & in taxonomic names in zoology !uran- or urano- combining form "NL, fr. L, fr. Gk ouran-, ourano-, fr. ouranos sky, heaven, roof of the mouth# "1 : sky : heaven $uranography% "2 : palate $uranoplasty% $brachyuranic% "uran- or urano- combining form "F, fr. NL uranium# : uranium $uranothorite% $uranyl% uranoso- combining form "ISV, fr. NL uranosus uranous# : uranous $uranosopotassic% -ure n suffix -# "ME, fr. OF, fr. L -ura# "1 : act : process : being $tubulature% $exposure% $composure% "2 a : office : function $judicature% "b : body for 'such( an activity $legislature% -uret n combining form -# "NL -uretum, fr. F -ure, fr. L -ur 'in sulfur(# : -+-$ 1 $carburet% $biuret% -urgy n combining form -$# "NL -urgia, fr. Gk -ourgein to work 'fr. ergon work( + L -ia -y# : technique or art of dealing or working with 'such( a product, matter, or tool $chemurgy% $micrurgy% -urous or -ourous adj combining form "NL -urus, -ourus, fr. Gk -ouros, fr. oura tail+ akin to Gk orrhos buttocks# : tailed $xiphurous% $anourous% -urus n combining form "NL, fr. Gk oura & more at -!)'!## : one having 'such( a tail & esp. in generic names $Brachyurus% $Dasyurus% $Saururus% utricul- or utriculo- combining form "L utriculus small bag# : utricle $utriculoplastic% $utriculoplasty% $utriculiferous% : utricular and $utriculosaccular% vag- or vago- combining form "ISV, fr. NL vagus# "1 : vagus nerve $vagogram% $vagal% $vagolysis% "2 : vagal and $vagoaccessorius% $vagoglossopharyngeal% valvul- or vavulo- combining form "NL valvula# : small valve : valvule : fold $valvulitis% $valvulotome% vanad- or vanado- combining form "NL vanadium# : vanadium $vanadyl% $vanadosilicate% vapo- combining form "vapor# : vapor $vapocauterization% $vapography% vapori- combining form "L vapor# : vapor $vaporiform% $vaporimeter% vari- or vario- combining form "L varius# : varied : diverse $variform% $variocoupler% varic- or varico- combining form "L varic-, varix# : varix $varicosis% $varicocele% vas- or vasi- or vaso- combining form "NL, fr. L vas# "1 : duct : channel : vessel $vasicentric%: as "a : blood vessel $vasoformative% $vasoconstriction% "b : vas deferens $vasectomy% "2 : vascular and $vasovagal% "3 : vasomotor $vasoinhibitor% vascul- or vasculo- combining form "NL, fr. L vasculum small vessel# : vessel+ esp : blood vessel $vasculomotor% vel- combining form "NL, fr. velum# : velum $veliform% ven- or veni- or veno- combining form "L vena# "1 : vein $venipuncture% $venoclysis% $venisection% "2 : of or relating to the vena cava : caval and $venoatrial% venti- or vento- combining form "L ventus wind + E -i- or -o-# : wind $ventifact% ventr- or ventri- or ventro- combining form "F, fr. L ventr-, venter# "1 : abdomen : ventral $ventric% $ventrotomy% $ventricolumna% "2 : ventral and $ventrodorsal% "3 : ventricose : round $ventripyramid% ventriculo- combining form "NL, fr. L ventriculus stomach, ventricle of the heart# "1 : ventricle $ventriculotomy% "2 : ventricular and $ventriculoatrial% veratr- or veratro- combining form "NL, fr. Veratrum# : veratrine : veratric acid $veratrize% $veratroyl% verd- or verdo- combining form "MF verd-, fr. OF verd, vert green# : green-colored $verdohemoglobin% vermi- combining form "NL, fr. LL, fr. L vermis# : worm $vermiform% $vermiparous% vertebr- or vertebro- combining form "NL, fr. L vertebra# "1 : vertebra : vertebrae $vertebriform% $vertebrectomy% "2 : vertebral and $vertebrofemoral% verticillverticill- combining form "NL, fr. verticillus, fr. L, whorl of a spindle, dim. of vertic-, vertex whirl# : whorl : verticil $verticillary% verticilli- combining form "NL Verticillium 'genus(# : Verticillium $verticilliosis% vesico- combining form "NL, fr. L vesica bladder# : of or relating to the urinary bladder and $vesicoureteral% vesicul- or vesiculo- combining form "NL vesicula# : vesicle $Vesicularia% : vesicular and $vesiculopapular% vibro- combining form "ISV, fr. L vibrare to shake, vibrate# : vibration $vibromassage% vice- prefix "ME vis-, vice-, fr. MF, fr. LL vice-, fr. L vice, abl. of vicis# : one that takes the place of $vice-consul% $vice-chairman% $vice-principal% -ville n suffix -# "-ville, suffix occurring in names of towns, fr. F, fr. OF, fr. ville farm, village# : place or category of a specified nature $squaresville% viol- combining form "ISV, fr. NL Viola# : pansy $violaniline% visc- or visco- combining form "ME, fr. L, fr. viscum mistletoe, birdlime# "1 : viscous : viscosity $viscogen% $viscoscope% "2 : viscous and $viscoelastic% viscer- or visceri- or viscero- combining form "LL, fr. L viscera# 1 : visceral : viscera $visceralgia% $visceroptosis% $viscerogenic% "2 : visceral and $visceripericardial% vitell- or vitello- combining form "L vitellus# "1 : yolk : vitellus $vitellin% $vitellogenesis% "2 : vitelline and $vitellointestinal% viti- combining form "L, fr. vitis# : vine $viticulture% vitr- or vitro- combining form "L vitrum glass# : glass : glassy $vitrophyre% $devitrify% vivi- combining form "MF, fr. L, fr. vivus# : alive : living $vividialysis% $viviperfuse% $vivisection% vomero- combining form "NL vomer# : vomerine and $vomero-palatine% -vora n pl combining form "NL, fr. L, neut. pl. of -vorus -vorous# : ones that eat 'something specified( $Insectivora% -vore n combining form -# "F, fr. -vore -vorous, fr. L -vorus# : one that eats 'something specified( -vorous adj combining form "L -vorus, fr. vorare to devour# : eating : feeding on $carnivorous% $piscivorous% !-ward also -wards adj suffix "-ward fr. ME, fr. OE -weard$ akin to OHG -wart, -wert, -ward, ON -verthr, Goth -wairths, L vertere to turn+ -wards fr. -wards, adv. suffix# "1 : that moves, tends, faces, or is directed toward $homeward% $shore ward% 2 : that occurs or is situated in the direction of $leftward% "-ward or -wards adv suffix "-ward fr. ME, fr. OE -weard, fr. -weard, adj. suffix+ -wards fr. ME, fr. OE -weardes, gen. sing. neut. of -weard, adj. suffix# "1 : in a 'specified( spatial or temporal direction $upward% $northward% $afterward% "2 : toward a 'specified( point, position, or area $trees bent earthward% -way adv suffix "ME, fr. way# : in 'such( a way, course, direction, or manner $broadway% $lyraway% -ways adv suffix "ME -ways, -weys, fr. ways, weyes, wayes, gen. of way, wey way# : in 'such( a way, course, direction, or manner $sideways% $barways% -wise adv combining form "ME, fr. OE -w'san, fr. w'se manner# 1 a : in the manner of $crabwise% $fanwise% "b : in the position or direction of $endwise% $slantwise% $clockwise% "2 : with regard to : in respect of $stylewise% wolfram- or wolframo- combining form "ISV wolfram# : *!"/#*- $wolframic% $wolframophosphate% xanth- or xantho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. xanthos$ perh. akin to OHG hasan gray# "1 : yellow $xanthoma% $xanthelasma% $xanthoderma% "2 : xanthic acid $xanthate% "3 : yellow or yellowish and ammoniacal & in names of salts of cobalt $xanthocobaltic chloride% xen- or xeno- combining form "LL, fr. Gk, fr. xenos# "1 : guest : foreigner $xenomania% "2 a : strange : foreign $Xenurus% "b : intrusive $xenolith% "c : ($*$)- $xenogenesis% -xene n combining form -# "F -xène, fr. Gk -xenos stranger, fr. xenos# "1 : substance rarely associated with 'such( a mineral 58 -ylene $anthracoxene% "2 : intrusive mineral of 'such( a character $leucoxene% $cacoxene% -xenous adj combining form "Gk -xenos stranger, fr. xenos# : host $lipoxenous% -xeny n combining form -$# "Gk -xen os + E -y# : 'such( a host relationship $lipoxeny% xer- or xero- combining form "LL, fr. Gk x"r-, x"ro-, fr. x"ros# 1 a : dry : arid $xeric% "b : dry place $xerophilous% "2 : using a dry process in the making of 'such( a product $xerography% $xeroprinting% xiph- or xiphi- or xipho- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. xiphos# 1 : swordlike : sword-shaped $xiphophyllous% $xiphiplastron% 2 : xiphoid and $xiphocostal% xyl- or xylo- combining form "L, fr. Gk, fr. xylon$ perh. akin to Lith 0ulas pillar, post, OE s1l# "1 a : wood : woody $xylophone% $xyloma% "b : xylem "2 a : xylene $xylic% $xyloquinone% "b : xylose $xylonic acid% $xyloketose% -xylon n combining form "NL, fr. Gk xylon & more at 61.-# "1 : one having 'such( wood & in generic names $Haematoxylon% "2 : one living in 'such( a relation to wood $Hypoxylon% "3 : wood $laurinoxylon% -xylum n combining form "NL, fr. Gk xylon & more at 61.-# : one having 'such( wood & in generic names $Erythroxylum% $Zanthoxylum% !-y also -ey adj suffix, usu -ier usu -iest "ME, fr. OE -ig$ akin to OHG -'g -y, ON -igr, Goth -eigs, -igs, L -icus, Gk -ikos, Skt -ika# 1 a : characterized by : full of & in adjectives formed from nouns $blossomy% $dirty%+ in many words formed from a base word having final postconsonantal mute e and with omission of the e $miry% $mirey% $spiny% $spiney%+ accompanied by doubling of the final consonant of the base word immediately after a short stressed vowel $leggy% $muddy%+ in the form -ey regularly after a final y $clayey% or vowel other than postconsonantal mute e $mosquitoey% $gluey% sometimes with a change of y to i $skiey% or where -y would duplicate another word $holey% "b : having the character of : composed of & in adjectives formed from nouns $icy% $watery% $lacy% $waxy% $ranty% "c : characteristic of, resembling, or suggesting someone or something indicated : having some of the qualities of : that is like or like that of & in adjectives formed from nouns $homey% $wintry% $folksy% $garbagy% $winy% often with a disparaging connotation $gadgety% $milquetoasty% $schoolteachery% $rabbity% $Hollywoody% $bedroomy% $barny% $stagy% "d : devoted to : addicted to : enthusiastic over & in adjectives formed from nouns $horsy% $outdoorsy% $ismy% "2 a : tending or inclined to & in adjectives formed from verbs $clingy% $sleepy% $chatty% $criey% "b : giving occasion for 'specified( action $teary% $yummy% & usu. in adjectives formed from verbs $munchy% $picnicky% "c : performing 'specified( action or being in a 'specified( mode of existence : -+"/ & in adjectives formed from verbs $twinkly% $curly% "3 a : somewhat : rather : -+#( & in adjectives formed from adjectives $purply% $suedy% $woodeny% "b : having 'such( characteristics to a marked degree $Scotchy% $Dutchy% or in an affected or superficial way $Frenchy% & in adjectives formed from adjectives "-y n suffix, pl -ies "ME -ie, fr. OF, fr. L -ia, fr. Gk -ia, -eia# "1 : state : condition : quality & chiefly in combining forms derived from French, Latin, or Greek $-algy% $-andry% $-cracy% $-sophy% $-tomy% "2 : activity, place of business, or goods dealt with $chandlery% $coopery% $laundry% $executry% 3 : whole body or group $soldiery% $-y n suffix, pl -ies "ME -ie, fr. AF, fr. L -ium# : instance of a 'specified( action $expiry% $entreaty% $inquiry% -yl n combining form -# "Gk hyl" wood, matter+ first used in G benzoyl, lit., fundamental material of benzoic acid, fr. benz- + Gk hyl"# : chemical radical: as "a : univalent radical $ethyl% $pyridyl% $hydroxyl% "b : radical containing oxygen $carbonyl% $chromyl% including a few radicals of organic acids $acetyl% $glycyl% $succinyl% & compare -'1. -ylene n suffix -# "-yl + -ene# "1 : unsaturated hydrocarbon $piperylene% & compare -$"$ "2 : bivalent radical $phenylene $C&H.$% -yne -yne n suffix -# "ISV alter. of -ine# : unsaturated straight-chain hydrocarbon characterized by the presence of one triple bond & in the system adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry to replace the ending -ine in this sense $hexyne% & distinguished from -ane and -ene yocto- combining form "ISV, prob. blend of yotta- and octo-# : one septillionth '10−56( part of $yoctosecond% yotta- combining form "ISV, alter. of Gk i&ta 'representing y, next-to-last letter of the Latin alphabet(# : septillion $yottabyte% zepto- combining form "ISV, blend of zetta- and hepta-# : one sextillionth '10−54( part of $zeptosecond% zetta- combining form "ISV, alter. of Gk z"ta 'representing Z, last letter of the Latin alphabet(# : sextillion $zettabyte% zinco- combining form "ISV zinc + -o-# : zinc $zincolysis% zircon- combining form "ISV, fr. NL zirconia# : zirconium $zirconsyenite% zo- or zoo- combining form "Gk z&i-, z&io-, fr. z&ion$ akin to Gk z&" life# "1 : animal : animal kingdom or kind $zoology% $zoophile% $zooid% $zoanthropy% "2 "Gk z&-, z&o- alive, fr. z&os$ akin to Gk z&" life# : motile $zoogonidium% -zoa n pl combining form "NL, fr. Gk z&ia, pl. of z&ion# : animals & in the names of taxa $Bryozoa% $Echinozoa% !-zoic adj combining form "Gk z&ikos of or pertaining to animals, fr. z&i- zo- + -ikos -ic# : animal : having a 'specified( ani- 59 -zyme mal mode of existence : animallike $holozoic% $phanerozoic% $coprozoic% $cytozoic% "-zoic adj combining form "Gk z&" life + E -ic# : of or relating to a 'specified( geological era $Archeozoic% $Mesozoic% zon- or zono- combining form "Gk z&n-, z&no-, fr. z&n"# "1 : girdle : belt : band $Zonites% $Zonochlorite% "2 : zone : zonal $zoniferous% $zonoplacental% -zoon n combining form, pl -zoa "NL, fr. Gk z&ion animal# : living being : animal : zooid $anthozoon% $hematozoon% $spermatozoon% zyg- or zygo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. zygon# "1 a : yoke : connecting in the manner of a yoke : joining $zygosphene% $zygantrum% $zygoneure% "b : zygomatic $zygion% "2 : yoked state or part : pair $zygodactyl% $zygodont% "3 : union : fusion : zygosis $zygospore% $zygogenesis% zygomatico- combining form "NL, fr. zygomaticus zygomatic# : zygomatic and $zygomaticomaxillary% -zygous adj combining form "Gk -zygos, fr. zygon yoke# "1 : yoked : zygomatic $cryptozygous% "2 : having 'such( a zygotic constitution $heterozygous% zym- or zymo- combining form "NL, fr. Gk, fr. zym"# "1 : leaven : concerned with fermentation $zymolysis% $zymophosphate% "2 : ferment : enzyme $zymogenesis% $zymosthenic% -zyme n combining form -# "Gk zym" leaven# : enzyme $histozyme% $lysozymes% 60