Nizamuddin ND et al., Future J. Pharm. Health. Sci. 2023; 3(1): 65-68 R A F J H Published by Pharma Springs Publication P S Journal Home Page: https://pharmasprings.com/ jphs A Review on Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. Nizamuddin ND*1 , Shaik Rubina2 , Venkata Narayana D3 , Maddirala Shashidhar4 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, St John’s College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yerrakota, Yemminganur, Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr K V Subba Reddy Institute of Pharmacy, Doopadu, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India 3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Balaji College of Pharmacy, Sanapa Road, Alamuru (P), Rudrampet, Anantapur - 515001, Andhra Pradesh, India 4 Department of Pharmaceutics, Vasavi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vasavi Nagar, Peddapalli (Village), Sidhout (Mandal), YSR Kadapa (Dist) - 516247, Andhra Pradesh, India Article History: Received on: 05 Dec 2022 Revised on: 27 Dec 2022 Accepted on: 29 Dec 2022 Keywords: Scleria lithosperma L, Cyperaceae, Phytoconstituents, Pharmacological Activities ∗ A Scleria lithosperma L. belonging to the family Cyperaceae, is a perennial plant that thrives near streams, tanks, hill slopes, lush pine rock terrain, and rocky locations. The Tirumala and Chittoor Districts of Andhra Pradesh in India and numerous other geographical places are home to it. The plant’s several pharmacological actions explore. The description of various plant sections and information on the phytoconstituents of the plant are covered in the current review. Corresponding Author an abortifacient and normalize menstrual cycles [2]. The plant Scleria lithosperma effectively produces antinephritic activity. Root decoction is administered upon delivery. Young tops are given to kids to help with their bloated stomachs. Name: Nizamuddin ND Phone: 9703868331 Email: nnizamuddin1988@gmail.com eISSN: 2583-116X pISSN: In the same way, the other species of Scleria, such DOI: https://doi.org/10.26452/ jphs.v3i1.341 Production and Hosted by Pharmasprings.com © 2023 | All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION Scleria lithosperma L.Sw belonging to the family Cyperaceae is a Perennial plant with short, nodulose, and fresh-scented rhizomes. Slender, 30-90 cm long, glabrous or somewhat scabrous, tuft-like culms [1]. The perennial clumping herb Scleria lithosperma reaches a height of 40 centimeters (typically 15-20 centimeters). Steroids, saponins, and glycosides are the primary ingredients. The extract has historically been used to treat skin conditions as as Scleria bi lora Roxb. Roots emit a potent camphor or cajeput odor. S. levis fruit treats stomach and cough issues. Cough is treated with a decoction of S. pergracilis (Nees) Kunth sedge, which grows in the Himalayas at elevations of 1,500 m from Garhwal to Assam as well as in Bihar, West Bengal, and the Deccan Penninsula [3, 4]. Common Names The plant is commonly known as Florida Keys Nutrush, Slender nut rush, Scirpus lithosperma in English, Kathipul in Tamil, Kondashakathunga in Telugu, and Nakkupullu in Malayalam. Habitat of Scleria lithosperma A perennial plant called Scleria lithosperma is commonly seen growing along streams, tanks, hill slopes, rocky places, and under the growth of © Pharma Springs Publication | Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences 65 Nizamuddin ND et al., Future J. Pharm. Health. Sci. 2023; 3(1): 65-68 forested areas, as well as in shady pathways, fertile Description pine Rockland, and hammock growth. Plants Geographical Distribution An aromatic perennial herb with an upright tufted The plant is indigenous to the following coun- growth habit and short. tries: Andaman Islands, Angola, Assam, Bahamas, Rhizomes Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Borneo, Brazil WestCentral, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Caroline Islands, Horizontal nodulose rhizomes. Cayman Islands, China South-Central, China South- Stems east, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican RepubSlender, 30-90(-115) cm, glabrous or somewhat lic, East Himalaya, Ethiopia, Fiji, Florida, French scabrous, tuft-like culms. Guiana, Ghana, Guatemala, Hainan, Haiti, Honduras, India, Ivory Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Louisiana, Leaves Madagascar, Malaya, Maluku, Marianas, Mexico Gulf, Sheaths are purple, and the leaves are grouped Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico South- near the center of the stem. The leaves are wingwest, Nigeria, Northern Territory, Panamá, Philip- less, weakly ribbed, hairy, inely pilose, or nearly pines, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Samoa, Sri Lanka, glabrous; the contra-ligules are reddish, triangular, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, rigid, and ciliate; the blades are a distinct grayish Togo, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Turks-Caicos Is., Viet- green when dry, linear, attenuate, and keel and they nam and Wallis-F. It is primarily present in India’s are 1-3(-5) mm wide and shorter than [5]. Japalitheertham, microwave station, and papaya In lorescence Sanam highlands of Tirumala, Kailasakona, and Kambakkam. The majority of the year spent grow- Axillary 1-3, terminal 1, rather slack; stalked panicles or spikes 2-4, terminal one 3-4.5(-8.5) cm with ing it. 2-7 open fascicles. With 1-4 spikelets 2-6(-9) mm in diameter, the bracts that subtend and cover the in lorescence are leaf-like, widely attenuate, and scaly. A few 3- to 5-mm bisexual spikelets with an occasional terminal staminate spikelet have lanceshaped staminate scales and ovate-acuminate pistillate scales with a distinct green keel. Achenes are ovoid or globose, 2-2.5(-3) mm, smooth, base broadly attenuate, moderately depressed between angles, trigonous, not porose, and have an umbonate apex. The hypogynium is no longer present and has been reduced to a recognizable brown band at the base of the achene. Figure 1: Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. Spikelets Taxonomic Classi ication of Scleria lithosperma Spikelets are monoecious, 1/6 inch long, pale brown L. with green markings, and can be found in small clusKingdom: Plantae ters or alone. Sub-Kingdom: Viridiplantae Nuts Infra-Kingdom: Streptophyta Super Division: Embryophyta White, smooth, and between 1/16 and 1/12 inches long; obovoid or ellipsoid; little hypogynous disc [6]. Division: Tracheophyta Phytoconstituents Sub-Division: Spermatophytina While the aqueous extract only yielded a positive result for the presence of saponin glycoside, the methanolic, ethanolic, and chloroform extracts revealed the presence of glycosides, lavonoids, saponins, and steroids. Additionally, it was discovered that methanol produced the highest yield in terms of percentage, so methanolic extract from the plant Sclerialithosperma L. was employed for further research [5]. Class: Magnoliopsida Super Order: Lilianae Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Scleria Species: Lithosperma L. Sw (Figure 1). 66 © Pharma Springs Publication | Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences Nizamuddin ND et al., Future J. Pharm. Health. Sci. 2023; 3(1): 65-68 Composition of Essential Oil Obtained by Hydro ef icacy of Scleria lithosperma extract. Rats with hyperlipidemic conditions had higher cholesterol, Distillation of Rhizomes A light yellow volatile oil is obtained from the Rhi- triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels. By reducing zomes of Scleia lithosperma by hydro distillation the levels of speci ic biochemical markers in the method. Totally 22 constituents comprising 96.5 serum, such as cholesterol, T.G., LDL, and VLDL, and % were reported to be present in the oil. The increasing HDL levels comparable to conventional major constituents reported are fatty acids (76.1%), medicine orlistat methanolic extract had a hypolipipalmitic acid (43.3%), linoleic acid (14.0%), and demic impact. Steroids, lavonoids, saponins, and glycosides were among the phytoconstituents that oleic acid (7.8%) [7]. were found, according to a preliminary phytochemTraditional Uses ical investigation [9]. The problem is resolved by using vakkathipullu, Antimicrobial Activity a sebaceous cyst on the Scleria lithosperma tuber that is cleansed, fried, and pulverized before being The preliminary phytochemical analysis and antimiblended with coconut oil and applied to the infec- crobial activity of ethnomedicinal plant Scleria tion. It helps treat children with large stomachs and lithosperma was studied. The plant was collected uses an antibacterial. It has also been utilized his- from the tribal belt of the Kanyakumari district in torically to control menstrual periods. Both during Tamil Nadu. The antibacterial tests showed that the pregnancy and as a form of birth control. Herbs or studied plant had a better inhibitory activity with plants of the same family include Cyperaceae, which Staphylococcus aureus when the methanolic extract have anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant was used [10]. properties [5]. CONCLUSION Pharmacological Activities Cardio-Protective Activity Scleria lithosperma L. is a perennial plant that grows near streams, tanks, hill slopes, fertile pine rock terrain, and rocky places and belongs to the family Cyperaceae. It can be found in India in the Tirumala and Chittoor Districts of Andhra Pradesh and distributed in many other geographical areas. The present review is done on different plant parts descriptions and about the phytoconstituents of the plant. The variety of pharmacological activities of the plant is discussed. For the irst time, the current study examines the cardioprotective potential of the whole plant extract from Scleria lithosperma against doxorubicininduced cardiotoxicity. Indian folklore medicine views Scleria lithosperma, a herb from the Cyperaceae family, as a treatment for cardiac conditions. Doxorubicin is still a popular and ef icient broadspectrum chemotherapeutic drug. However, its clinical use is restricted due to its severe dosedependent cardiotoxicity. According to clinical and experimental indings, increased oxidative stress ACKNOWLEDGEMENT may be a major factor in cardiomyopathy and heart The authors are heartily thankful to the managefailure that follow DOX treatment. ment and Dr V Sreenivasulu, Principal, St John’s ColNatural remedies with antioxidant and free radical- lege of Pharmaceutical Sciences, for permitting us to scavenging properties may be preventive against do the work and providing all the necessary facilicardiovascular disease and offer adequate sub- ties. stitutes. After a phytochemical analysis, glycosides, tannins, phenolics, saponins, alkaloids, and Con lict of Interest lavonoids were found in EEWSL after a phytochem- The authors declare no con lict of interest, inancial ical analysis, and these compounds give the plant its or otherwise. powerful antioxidant properties. By preserving the Funding Support integrity of the myocardial cell membrane, pretreatment with EEWSL dramatically reduced the blood The authors declare that they have no funding for levels of diagnostic marker enzymes in myocardial this study. infarction produced by DOX. This may be because the plant’s lavonoids and other antioxidative phy- REFERENCES tochemicals can scavenge free radicals [8]. [1] Manasa Chiduruppa, David Swetha, Asra Hypo-Lipidemic Activity Jabeen, Rahmat Taha Khatoon, B Kranthi Rat models of hyperlipidemia brought on by highKumar, and Mohammed Akbar Mansoori. 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