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Unjustifiable Means: The Inside Story of How the CIA, Pentagon, and US Government Conspired to Torture Hardcover – October 24, 2017
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President Trump wants to bring back torture. This is why he’s wrong.
In his more than thirty years as an NCIS special agent and counterintelligence officer, Mark Fallon has investigated some of the most significant terrorist operations in US history, including the first bombing of the World Trade Center and the 2000 attack on the USS Cole. He knew well how to bring criminals to justice, all the while upholding the Constitution. But in the aftermath of September 11, 2001, it was clear that America was dealing with a new kind of enemy. Soon after the attacks, Fallon was named Deputy Commander of the newly formed Criminal Investigation Task Force (CITF), created to probe the al-Qaeda terrorist network and bring suspected terrorists to trial. Fallon was determined to do the job the right way, but with the opening of Guantanamo Bay and the arrival of its detainees, he witnessed a shadowy dark side of the intelligence community that emerged, peddling a snake-oil they called “enhanced interrogation techniques.”
In Unjustifiable Means, Fallon reveals this dark side of the United States government, which threw our own laws and international covenants aside to become a nation that tortured—sanctioned by the highest-ranking members of the Bush Administration, the Army, and the CIA, many of whom still hold government positions, although none have been held accountable. Until now.
Follow along as Fallon pieces together how this shadowy group incrementally—and secretly—loosened the reins on interrogation techniques at Gitmo and later, Abu-Ghraib, and black sites around the world. He recounts how key psychologists disturbingly violated human rights and adopted harsh practices to fit the Bush administration’s objectives even though such tactics proved ineffective, counterproductive, and damaging to our own national security. Fallon untangles the powerful decisions the administration’s legal team—the Bush “War Counsel”—used to provide the cover needed to make torture the modus operandi of the United States government. As Fallon says, “You could clearly see it coming, you could wave your arms and yell, but there wasn’t a damn thing you could do to stop it.”
Unjustifiable Means is hard-hitting, raw, and explosive, and forces the spotlight back on to how America lost its way. Fallon also exposes those responsible for using torture under the guise of national security, as well as those heroes who risked it all to oppose the program. By casting a defining light on one of America’s darkest periods, Mark Fallon weaves a cautionary tale for those who wield the power to reinstate torture.
- Print length240 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherRegan Arts.
- Publication dateOctober 24, 2017
- Dimensions5.5 x 0.9 x 8.25 inches
- ISBN-101942872798
- ISBN-13978-1942872795
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Editorial Reviews
Review
“Americans need to know how we went wrong and how we have not recovered from having engaged in torture as a nation. Read Unjustifiable Means to feel necessary anger at what we have done to ourselves, to learn what happened, to see how America can protect itself, and to feel proud that men and women like Mark Fallon embody what a true American hero is.” —Glenn L. Carle, former CIA Operations Officer and author of The Interrogator
“Fallon’s insider account of what our country lost—in intelligence and integrity—when it resorted to torture is chilling. A must-read for all who want to understand not only how it happened, but also the unfinished business of making sure it never happens again. When the history of the post-9/11 period is written, Fallon’s name will be among the heroes.” —Elisa Massimino, Chief Executive Officer, Human Rights First
“Mark Fallon is precisely the type of official that our nation most values when facing a threat: tough, courageous, experienced, and—no less important—fiercely faithful to the laws and values that define our country. Unlike some others in the Bush administration, he did not take his oath of office to condone illegality, incompetence, or dishonor, no matter how high the rank of the official ordering otherwise. By speaking out against and refusing to participate in the abuse of enemy captives, Fallon and his NCIS colleagues defended their integrity and our nation.” —Alberto Mora, former General Counsel, Department of the Navy and Senior Fellow, Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Harvard Kennedy School
"If we are to make intelligent decisions about the future, Americans must know the truth about what their government has done in the past. This book shines a light on a dark chapter of our history. Required reading for anyone who loves our country." —Kermit Roosevelt, Professor of Law, University of Pennsylvania Law School and author of Allegiance
"Fallon’s account is essential reading for those who wish to understand this dark period in American history, and its destructive consequences for law, justice, and ultimately, for the security of the United States." —Karen J. Greenberg, Director, Center on National Security, Fordham Law and author of Rogue Justice and The Torture Papers
"Mark Fallon is a true patriot and professional. In the wake of the shocking attacks of 9/11, he didn’t panic. He opposed torture and marched forward with dedication and discipline to protect the country. He tackled his missions with quiet heroism, speaking truth to power, and steadfastly abiding by American values and the law. The nation is safer because of Mark Fallon and his team." —Stephen N. Xenakis, MD and US Brigadier General (Ret)
"Mark Fallon's strategic intelligence and interrogation chops are unsurpassed among professionals who are the best of the best. This long-awaited book is a must-read for national security policy makers and operators." —Brigadier General David R. Irvine, Army Strategic Intelligence Officer (Ret)
"Mark Fallon’s account of Bush-era interrogation policies and practices is a must-read for anyone wanting an insider understanding of how the United States ended up condoning torture in the race to stop terrorist activities post-9/11. Unjustifiable Means makes plain how the decision process and choices of powerful insiders permitted groupthink to dominate the discourse on intelligence gathering. This book stands as a powerful counter-narrative to the official monologue on 'enhanced interrogation techniques' in the hopes that the United States will never go down that road again. Mark Fallon’s story will inspire you to stand with courage and integrity in confronting wrongs, despite incredible odds and overwhelming obstacles, because character and truth will not be silenced. —Deputy Chief Roy H. Bethge (Ret), cofounder, The Virtus Group, Inc.
"Mark Fallon’s Unjustifiable Means, recounting his actions of faith, courage, and duty to challenge the government’s torture practices, shined a light in a place many did not want to see—or be seen. Unjustifiable Means is not the end, but rather the beginning, of the story of great change in interview practices. The legacy of Fallon's actions will be felt throughout the military, intelligence, and law enforcement professions for generations. —Timothy Janowick, Chief of Police, Mount Prospect (Illinois)
"Mark Fallon has dedicated virtually his entire adult life to protecting the people of our country as a federal law enforcement officer at home and abroad. In that role, he swore to uphold the Constitution and the laws of the United States. His first person account raises important considerations about honoring that rule of law while respecting human rights." —Robert W. McKenna, Associate Dean, School of Justice Studies, Roger Williams University
"Unjustifiable Means is more than just a firsthand account of America’s descent into torture and of the terrible costs of that descent. It is also a vital warning for future generations against the temptations of practices that are illegal, immoral, and horrifically counterproductive." —Barry Eisler, former Directorate of Operations, CIA and author of the bestselling Livia Lone
“In one of the most shameful chapters in US history, government officials authorized the systematic torture of national security detainees, aided and abetted by health professionals who helped create, supervise, and implement the US torture program. Fallon’s book sheds light on the torture that was committed in the name of all Americans and is a critical step in the accountability for such crimes.” —Vincent Iacopino, MD, PhD, Senior Medical Advisor for Physicians for Human Rights, Adjunct Professor of Medicine at the University of Minnesota Medical School, and Senior Research Fellow at the Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley
"Unjustifiable Means is a wakeup call of epic proportions. Mark Fallon takes us on a personal journey deep into the world of counterterrorism and reveals how officials systematically cast aside the universal principles of justice and human rights during prisoner interrogations. The evidence is clear: these illicit techniques did not work and they didn't yield quality intelligence. This is also a story of unselfish personal courage and ethics—of speaking truth to power and coming face-to-face and toe-to-toe with some of the most powerful democratic institutions in the world. This book is a must-read for every leader, practitioner, and policymaker who is personally committed to doing the right thing." —Cal Corley, Assistant Commissioner (Ret), Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Ottawa, Canada
“Fallon’s book is a lesson on how to confront terror without betraying our humanity.” —Juan Mendez, Professor of Human Rights Law in Residence and Commissioner, International Commission of Jurists, and former UN Special Rapporteur for Torture and Human Rights
"A critically important book. Mark’s commitment to truth, justice, and always 'doing the right thing' has been at his core. I was the Director of NCIS when Mark brought disturbing information to me regarding potential detainee abuse—he was forceful and unrelenting in pushing information forward. Because of Mark’s refusal to simply follow what others were doing, we were able to identify wrongdoing and become a forceful catalyst for policy change. Mark has no peer in his demand for truth and fairness.” —Dave Brant, Former Director, Naval Criminal Investigative Service
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Regan Arts. (October 24, 2017)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 240 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1942872798
- ISBN-13 : 978-1942872795
- Item Weight : 12.8 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.5 x 0.9 x 8.25 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,846,525 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #1,624 in Human Rights Law (Books)
- #2,064 in Human Rights (Books)
- #2,183 in Political Intelligence
- Customer Reviews:
About the author
Mark Fallon is Director of ClubFed, LLC, advancing science-based interviewing and interrogation, and has been an expert consultant on interrogation for the Department of Defense (DOD) Military Commission Defense Organization since 2016. While a Visiting Scholar at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, he Co-Founded Project Aletheia, a center established to bridge the gap between the science and practice of interrogation. Mark is on the Advisory Council of the Center for Ethics and the Rule of Law (CERL) at the University of Pennsylvania, where he had served as the Interim Executive Director. Mark is on the Steering Committee of Experts that oversaw the development of the Méndez Principles on Effective Interviewing. Mark retired from the Senior Executive Service (SES) after 31 years of federal service as the Assistant Director for Training of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC). He served as the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS) Deputy Assistant Director for Counterterrorism, Director of the NCIS Training Academy and Chief of Counterintelligence Operations for the Europe, Africa and Middle East Division. Following the attacks of 9/11, Mark was appointed Special Agent-in-Charge of the Pentagon Task Force established to bring terrorists to justice before Military Commissions. In June 2023, Mark testified in Guantanamo about the challenges of leading during crisis in the aftermath of terrorist attacks, and science-based effective interviewing practices. Mark is the Past-Chair of both the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) International Managers of Police Academy and College Training (IMPACT) Section and High-Value Detainee Interrogation Group (HIG) Research Committee. Mark is the author of Unjustifiable Means: The Inside Story of How the CIA, Pentagon and US Government Conspired to Torture (ReganArts, 2017), and is co-editor of Interrogation and Torture: Integrating Efficacy with Law and Morality (Oxford University Press, 2020), and Interviewing and Interrogation: A Review of Research and Practice Since World War II (TOAEP Publication Series, 2023).
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Fallon was a top counterintelligence official and investigator, someone who believed in patriotic idealism, who discovered a core of thuggery inside the U.S. military and intelligence apparatus. From 2002 to 2004, he was a top official for the government's Criminal Investigation Task Force (CITF). Rather than turn aside (something repugnant to him), he tried to intervene against the barbarism of torture. What he encountered was the corruption of institutions to which he otherwise had been loyal, which he had served for decades. The book is the story of what he experienced and what he felt driven to do.
But this book also has a metastory, manifested in the form of words, sentences, paragraphs and ultimately pages of redactions. The repeated blackened lines of typeface represent the arm of that same torturing government Fallon opposed reaching into the reader's own personal universe, that sacred connection between reader and author. The shadow of the evil that conjured up torture, and then acted to protect it, seeps into the realm of the reader him or herself.
As anyone who has studied the torture issue for some time can readily see, many of the redactions are embarrassingly stupid, including censorship of names that were recorded in otherwise declassified government documents, or openly reported by the press. But other redactions are serious and frightening, such as the attempt to still hide the full story about the torture of Mohammed Al Qahtani, the so-called 20th hijacker.
Mark Fallon is a congenial author, and he wishes to convey some of the shock and outrage he felt as the full implementation of the CIA's torture program unfolded, born out of the government's embrace of modern psychological and psychiatric forms of control over human behavior, and spread into the military.
I wouldn't look to this book for a full history of how that all took place, nor does the author pretend to present such a history. His is the account of a whistleblower. His former position inside Guantanamo and corridors of the Defense Department apparatus provides a unique and invaluable perspective of just how the torture policy spread and how it was covered-up.
In the end, Fallon witnesses the bureaucratic institutions to which he pledged fealty fatally infected by the virus of torture. His is a harrowing journey, and one that, it is clear from the narrative, haunts him still.
Along with books recently written by former detainees themselves, this book by someone on the other side of the interrogation booth is essential reading. I think the torture scandal is even far deeper and darker than even Mark Fallon presents it -- and his is a pretty dark portrayal -- but U.S. readers in particular must understand the courage it took for some of the government's most loyal and idealistic officials and servants to confront those in power with the truth of their crimes.
I believe that the torture policy began far earlier than after 9/11, and was inimitably linked to long-time policies of war and conquest. It's current manifestation was itself a logical extension of the "war on terror." From that standpoint, one can see Fallon's battle against torture, and others like him (some of whom he discusses in the book), is important and certainly courageous, as the people they come to oppose are seriously dangerous, with a great deal of power behind them.
Rather than the sense of failure that haunts Mark Fallon -- many times he bemoans the fact he could not actually stop the full torture program -- his moral awakening at a dire time in history is a triumph of the human spirit.
The confrontation with the urge to torture goes back centuries now, to Voltaire and the French Enlightenment, and on to Nuremberg, to those who organized ad hoc tribunals against Vietnam War crimes in the 1960s, to citizens in North Carolina today trying to bring their own state government to account for its collaboration with CIA torture, and many, many more. The latter include those I've known in the psychology profession who have fought to end collaboration with torture and war crimes in their own profession.
The fight against torture is something that has unfolded over generations, and sadly, I've come to realize, will take generations more to win. But what Mark Fallon and others like him achieved was significant. Some of the torture was cut back. The policy dragged out of the shadows and exposed in public. It is not so easy for the torturers to operate as before.
In the end, Mark Fallon's book is a document about a significant time in our history. Every partisan of human rights and liberty will want it on their bookshelf.
This is a story of a true American hero (although Mark modestly does not see himself in that light), an operator with decades of law enforcement, counterintelligence, and counterterrorism experience under his belt when al Qaeda launched its horrific attacks of September 11, 2001. His life would not be the same afterward. But while he expected the demands of running major counterterrorism and investigative operations, he couldn't have anticipated that the larger battle would be fought over the nation's soul or that it would be the moral cowardice of many within our own government that would present the greatest test of his storied career.
From his unique vantage point as the deputy commander of the Criminal Investigative Task Force (the unit established to oversee the investigation of terrorism cases, with many involving individuals detained at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba), Mark offers a compelling tale told in lucid and gripping detail. His is arguably the most comprehensive and systematic account of the nation's rush to the dark side of mistreatment, indefinite detention, and torture. And he shows exceptional courage in identifying the individuals—many in senior positions and most with little or no expertise in interrogations—who designed, promoted, managed, and protected the systematic employment of torture as a tool of statecraft.
Since the U.S. Government has been unwilling to hold these people accountable, Mark's book provides a much-needed definitive account that every citizen should read. And it is far more than a chilling chronicle of the recent past; it is also serves as a stark warning of what could easily occur again with another major attack on the American homeland.
I recommend you clear your calendar once you you begin reading this book as you are unlikely to put it down. I also recommend that, once you've finished this book, you silently express gratitude that a man of Mark's character relentlessly fought to support and defend our Constitution when few even knew it was under attack.