Technique -Preflight basics

January 5, 2015 By Jill W. Tallman

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Your intimate introduction to the airplane

Preflight Basics

Every airplane requires a thorough preflight before you take it aloft. Whether you’re flying high wing or low wing, glass panel or steam gauge, 180 horsepower or 85 horsepower, that preflight will follow a pattern, with major points to check. Of course, checklists vary according to make, model, and equipment, and you must follow the appropriate checklist to the letter. But, as long as the aircraft has wings and wheels, this is the general roadmap you’ll follow, though not a complete list.

The big picture

Because we’re so focused on individual parts, pieces, and components during the preflight, sometimes we miss what should be glaringly obvious—dents or dings to control surfaces; cowl plugs, chocks, or a pitot tube cover left in place. Before you launch into your main preflight, take a few moments to do a wide-view “big picture” walk-around. Stand several feet away from the aircraft, walk around, and look for things that just aren’t right.

Photo identification key

Propeller:

Is it in good shape (no nicks or scratches that could cause stress points)? There is no need to try to move the prop, unless you are checking a constant-speed prop for excessive movement. If the magneto switch is on, or off but faulty, you could start the engine by trying to move the prop. Always use caution around a propeller.

Skin:

Look over all the outer skins of the aircraft for holes, cracks, and wrinkles. Also ensure inspection plates are secure.

Tires:

Properly inflated, with no flat spots, tube, or cords showing. Brake pads: proper thickness. Discs: no grooves or excessive rust. Are there signs of brake fluid, suggesting a possible leak? Struts: properly inflated, with no signs of leaking.

Engine:

Oil level; overall condition. Check for dripping or leaking oil.

Fuel:

Do you have enough for your flight? Does the amount of fuel in the tank match what you saw on the fuel gauges? Does the sample indicate it's the proper fuel type, and uncontaminated?

Pitot tube/vents:

Clear of insects, debris.

Vertical stabilizer/rudder/elevator:

Does the elevator move freely? Are there signs of birds or animals inside the tailcone? Check all lights to ensure they are working and are intact.

Interior:

Are the required documents on board (airworthiness certificate, aircraft registration, radio station license if applicable, operating limitations, weight and balance)? Instruments, switches, lights, pitot heat, stall warning, fuel gauges, control lock. Check elevator and ailerons for ease of movement and proper rigging.