It's a tough time to be a developer delivering newly built apartments. Lease-up velocity slowed materially in 2023, with the average U.S. lease-up signing just 11.7 leases per month -- down from 15.3 leases per month in 2022. And it'll remain challenging through 2024. So, what happened?
It's not because macro apartment demand cooled. In fact, nationally, apartment demand re-accelerated nicely in 2023.
It's not because of rent levels. In fact, the average monthly rent (inclusive of concessions) for a new apartment in lease-up has fallen to the lowest level since August 2021.
So what's the issue? It's the sheer volume of newly built apartments all competing for a large -- but still finite -- pool of demand. Apartment supply hit a 37-year high in 2023, and it'll jump even higher in 2024. So the demand is out there, but you may not feel it because you have more competition than ever.
Put another way: There's a lot of demand out there, but even more supply, and that's shifted the balance of power back to renters.
I'm not a "doomsday" guy, and barring a big economic collapse, I'm in the camp of those who think the U.S. apartment sector will remain in relatively decent shape in 2024. But there will be pockets of short-term challenges, and lease-ups in heavy-supplied submarkets are one such pocket. Longer term, all these properties will certainly lease up and achieve targeted rents ... just at a slower pace and with lower initial rents than pro forma-ed.
But for now, average monthly rents for lease-ups are declining faster than stabilized rents as developers offered both a) generous concessions and b) true rent cuts. That's unusual, as developers typically rely primarily on concessions in Year 1.
Additionally, the 2023 wave of lease-ups will be challenged to retain residents with expiring leases in 2024 due to another wave of lease-ups hitting the market. Don't count on concessions to just "burn off."
For the 2024 wave of new supply, there's an added challenge: These properties were likely built at higher costs (due to starting around/after peak inflation) and assumed higher rents (having baked in inflationary costs + 2021-22 rent hikes). It'll be tough to achieve that.
So it's all about that cliche of "survive 'til 2025." I suspect we'll continue to see developers prioritize occupancy over price -- giving on rents (via both concessions and true rent cuts) in order to fill up. Screening standards won't change (too much fraud risk for that), and affordability won't a major headwind for lease-ups, either.
Bigger picture: Remember this is very much a short-term challenge. We're delivering 3 years worth of supply into a 2-year period. After that, supply thins out dramatically. It can still make sense to start new projects, knowing with a high degree of certainty that lease-up competition will be significantly less in 2026-27. Just got to get there, and that's easier said than done.
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