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Luberoite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Formula:

Pt₅Se₄

Colour:

dark bronze

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

5 - 5½

Specific Gravity:

11.76 - 12.78

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

For the type locality

Type Locality:

ⓘ Lubero Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo

This page provides mineralogical data about Luberoite.

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Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2448

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2448:4

GUID
(UUID V4):

7ae4e98a-66f9-4029-ae2b-11ffca968881

IMA Classification of LuberoiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

First published:

1992

Type description reference:

Jebwab, J., Cervelle, B., Gouet, G., Hubaut, X., Piret, P. (1992) The new platinum selenide luberoite Pt5Se4 from the Lubero region (Kivu Province, Zaire). European Journal of Mineralogy: 4: 683-692.

Classification of LuberoiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

2.BC.35

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
C : With Rh, Pd, Pt, etc.

Dana 8th ed.:

2.16.23.1

2 : SULFIDES
16 : Miscellaneous

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Lub	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of LuberoiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

dark bronze

Hardness:

5 - 5½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₅=461 kg/mm² - Vickers

Cleavage:

Very Good
parallel to {ОО1}

Density:

11.76 - 12.78 g/cm³ (Measured) 13.02 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Comment:

Density measured by size of crystal with SEM and weighing

Optical Data of LuberoiteHide

Anisotropism:

Strong

Bireflectance:

very high

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁	R₂
470nm	48.6%	42.6%
546nm	53.0%	46.7%
589nm	55.0%	48.6%
650nm	58.0%	51.5%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 58.0%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

white with а greenish-yellow hue

Internal Reflections:

none

Pleochroism:

Weak

Comments:

low

Chemistry of LuberoiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pt₅Se₄

Elements listed:

Pt, Se - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of LuberoiteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

P2₁/b

Setting:

P2₁/c

Cell Parameters:

a = 6.584(5) Å, b = 4.602(3) Å, c = 11.10(1) Å
β = 101.6(1)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.431 : 1 : 2.412

Unit Cell V:

329.46 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Twinning:

polysynthetic

Comment:

Space group from synthetic

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0014140	Luberoite	Matkovic P, Schubert K (1977) Kristallstruktur von Pt5Se4 Journal of the Less-Common Metals 55 185-190		1977	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Luberoite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Matkovic P'
'Schubert K'
_journal_name_full 'Journal of the Less-Common Metals'
_journal_volume 55 
_journal_year 1977
_journal_page_first 185
_journal_page_last 190
_publ_section_title
;
 Kristallstruktur von Pt5Se4
;
_database_code_amcsd 0014140
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pt5 Se4'
_cell_length_a 6.577
_cell_length_b 4.610
_cell_length_c 11.122
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 101.59
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 330.343
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn     12.981
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 1 21/c 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Pt1   0.33100   0.33000   0.00300   0.00633
Pt2   0.22300   0.66300   0.17400   0.00633
Pt3   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.00507
Se1   0.91100   0.36800   0.13600   0.00507
Se2   0.50900   0.96800   0.14100   0.00760

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
5.45 Å	(60)
3.27 Å	(60)
2.93 Å	(80)
2.78 Å	(60)
2.648 Å	(60B)
2.465 Å	(60
1.875 Å	(100B)
1.812 Å	(70)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of LuberoiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Lubero Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo

General Appearance of Type Material:

idiomorphic crystals, sometimes elongated, or as monomineralic fragments.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels (Nr. RC-4215),

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Placers - in granodiorites

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Quartz

Platinum

Reference:

Jebwab, J., Cervelle, B., Gouet, G., Hubaut, X., Piret, P. (1992) The new platinum selenide luberoite Pt5Se4 from the Lubero region (Kivu Province, Zaire). European Journal of Mineralogy: 4: 683-692.

Download:

https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/EJM4_683.pdf

Synonyms of LuberoiteHide

IMA1990-047

Other Language Names for LuberoiteHide

German:Luberoit

Spanish:Luberoita

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.BC.	UM2004-45-Se:AgHgPd	(Ag,Cu)₆Hg₂Pd₂Se₃
2.BC.	Fleetite	Cu₂RhIrSb₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.BC.	Coldwellite	Pd₃Ag₂S	Iso. 4 3 2 : P4₃ 3 2
2.BC.	Panskyite	Pd₉Ag₂Pb₂S₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
2.BC.05	Palladseite	Pd₁₇Se₁₅	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
2.BC.05	Miassite	Rh₁₇S₁₅	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3n
2.BC.05	UM2000-47-S:CuFePdPt	PtPd(Fe,Cu)S
2.BC.10	Oosterboschite	(Pd,Cu)₇Se₅	Orth.
2.BC.15	Chrisstanleyite	Ag₂Pd₃Se₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.BC.15	Jagüéite	Cu₂Pd₃Se₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.BC.20	Keithconnite	Pd₂₀Te₇	Trig. 3 : R3
2.BC.25	Vasilite	(Pd,Cu)₁₆(S,Te)₇	Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m
2.BC.30	Telluropalladinite	Pd₉Te₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.BC.35	Kojonenite	Pd_7-xSnTe₂ (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8)	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
2.BC.37	Kravtsovite	PdAg₂S	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
2.BC.40	Oulankaite	(Pd,Pt)₅(Cu,Fe)₄SnTe₂S₂	Tet.
2.BC.40	Lukkulaisvaaraite	Pd₁₄Ag₂Te₉	Tet. 4/m : I4/m
2.BC.42	Monchetundraite	Pd₂NiTe₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Ibam
2.BC.45	Telargpalite	(Pd,Ag)₃(Te,Bi)	Iso.
2.BC.45	Thalhammerite	Pd₉Ag₂Bi₂S₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
2.BC.47	Vymazalováite	Pd₃Bi₂S₂	Iso. 2 3 : I2₁ 3
2.BC.50	Temagamite	Pd₃HgTe₃	Trig. 3m : P3m1
2.BC.55	Sopcheite	Ag₄Pd₃Te₄	Orth.
2.BC.55	Bowlesite	PtSnS	Orth. mm2 : Pca2₁
2.BC.60	Laflammeite	Pd₃Pb₂S₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.BC.65	Tischendorfite	Pd₈Hg₃Se₉	Orth.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for LuberoiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-2448.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Luberoite on Webmineral

Look for Luberoite on Wikipedia

Look for Luberoite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for LuberoiteHide

Reference List:

Matković, P., Schubert, K. (1977) Kristallstruktur von Pt5Se4. Journal of the Less-Common Metals: 55: 185-190.

Jambor, L., Puziewicz, Jacek (1993) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 78 (3-4) 450-455

virtualcollections.naturalsciences.be (n.d.) http://virtualcollections.naturalsciences.be/virtual-collections/geology/mineralogy/mineralogy-types/luberoite-rc4215

(2023) Luberoite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for LuberoiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Australia
Western Australia East Pilbara Shire Rudall River District ⓘ Copper Hills ?	Nickel (2002)

DR Congo (TL)
North Kivu ⓘ Lubero Territory (TL)	Jedwab et al. (1992)
ⓘ Kitagoha river	Cabral et al. (2014)

Finland
Lapland Enontekiö ⓘ Miessijoki River	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
Inari Ivalojoki ⓘ Palsinoja	Kari Kojonen (2012)

Luberoite

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of LuberoiteHide

Classification of LuberoiteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of LuberoiteHide

Optical Data of LuberoiteHide

Chemistry of LuberoiteHide

Crystallography of LuberoiteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of LuberoiteHide

Synonyms of LuberoiteHide

Other Language Names for LuberoiteHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for LuberoiteHide

References for LuberoiteHide

Localities for LuberoiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide