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Galathea

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Description

Galathea is one of the largest genera of squat lobsters, containing 70 currently recognised species (17 in the Atlantic Ocean, 22 in the Indian Ocean and 43 in the Pacific Ocean). Most species of Galathea live in shallow waters.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galathea, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2222698	https://www.gbif.org/species/2222698
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	22440	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=22440

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Decapoda : Galatheidae : Galathea

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
subphylum	Crustacea	Brünnich 1772
class	Malacostraca	Latreille 1802
superorder	Eucarida	Calman 1904
order	Decapoda	Latreille 1802
infraorder	Anomura	Milne-Edwards 1832
superfamily	Galatheoidea	Samouelle 1819
family	Galatheidae	Samouelle 1819
genus	Galathea	Fabricius 1793

Scientific Name

Galathea Fabricius, 1793

Name Published In

Fabricius, Johann C. 1793.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Galathea	genus	belongs to Galatheinae	stated without evidence	Bishop, 1985
Galathea	genus	belongs to Galatheidae	stated without evidence	Muller and Collins, 1991
Galathea	genus	belongs to Decapoda	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Galathea	genus	belongs to Galatheidae	stated without evidence	de Angeli and Beschin, 2008

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

7 (37%)

First Recorded Appearance

152 - 145 Ma
Late Jurassic

Motility

actively mobile (based on Malacostraca)

Vision

well-developed (based on Malacostraca)

Diet

carnivore (based on Decapoda)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Malacostraca)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Common Name(s)

コシオリエビ

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galathea

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Galathea acerata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea acis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea aegyptiaca species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea aequata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea affinis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Galathea ahyongi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea albatrossae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea algae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea amamiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea amboinensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea anepipoda species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea anoplos species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea anouchkae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea antiqua ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Galathea argus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea atua species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea audax species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea australiensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Galathea autahi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea babai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea balssi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea barbata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea barbellata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea bengala species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea berica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Galathea bidens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea bimaculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea boisselierae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea bolivari species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea boninensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea boucheti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea bracteosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea brevimana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea caesariata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea capillata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea celiae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea cenarroi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea cephyra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea ceti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea chura species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea ciliosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea clarki species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea connudata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea consobrina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea continua species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea corallicola species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea coralliophilus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea corbariae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea crinita species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea cymbulaerostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea cymo species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea cymothoe species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea denticulata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea dispersa species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Galathea echinata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea eione species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea eridani species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea erythrina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea eucrante species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea eulimene species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea eupompe species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea faiali species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea formosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea furfurea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea galene species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea ganindo species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea genkai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea gladiola species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea gnoma species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea gruis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea guttata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea halia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea hispida species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea hispidissima species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea homologa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea hydrae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea imitata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea inconspicua species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea inermis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea inflata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea intermedia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea johnsoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea keiji ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Galathea keijii ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Galathea kuboi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea labidolepta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea latirostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea lemaitrei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea lemniscata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea lenis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea lepidota species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea leporis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea leptocheir species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea lingadua species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea longimana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea longimanoides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea longioculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea lumaria species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea lupiae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Galathea machadoi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea machaera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea machordomae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea maculiabdominalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea magnifica species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Galathea mainensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Galathea mariae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea mauritiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea melobosis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea micra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea minima species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea minutiae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea multicristata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea multilineata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea nasimae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea nexa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea nuda species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea ohshimai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea omanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea orientalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea paleroi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea parvula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea pascualae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea patae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea patriciae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea paucilineata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea paulae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea paulayi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea pauxilla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea peitho species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea perone species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea phalangis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea pilosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea platycheles species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea ploto species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea politula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea polydora species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea polyphemus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea poupini species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea profunda species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea providentia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea psila species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea pubescens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea pubipes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea punctata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea quinquespinosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea rangi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea raventosae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea rhaphidia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea robusta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea rostrata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea rubrispina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea rubromaculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea rufipes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea ryuguu species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea sahariana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Galathea samadiae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea sanctae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea schnabelae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea scolopia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea senta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea sentosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea setigera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea simulata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea sinensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea spinimanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea spinosorostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea spitzbergica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Galathea squamea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea squamifera species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Galathea strigifera ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Galathea strigosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea submagnifica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea subsquamata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Galathea tagaloa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea tagaro species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea tanegashimae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea ternatensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea tongi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea tribulosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea tropis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea valmaranensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Galathea venusta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea villosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea vitiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea waiora species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea weinfurteri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	7.25 Ma Miocene
Galathea whiteleggii species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Galathea wolffi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galathea yamashitai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Janira Schumacher, 1817	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Decapoda : Galatheidae : *Janira*
Galataea Duméril, 1805	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Decapoda : Galatheidae : *Galataea*
Calypso Risso, 1816	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Decapoda : Galatheidae : *Calypso*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1793	Galathea Fabricius
1985	Galathea Bishop p. 601
1991	Galathea Muller and Collins p. 56
1992	Galathea Feldmann and Keys p. 9
1993	Galathea Karasawa p. 39
2002	Galathea Sepkoski, Jr.
2008	Galathea de Angeli and Beschin p. 17
2010	Galathea Schweitzer et al.
2018	Galathea Beschin et al. p. 140

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Bishop G. A. (1985) A new crab, Eomunidopsis cobbani n. sp. (Crustacea, Decapoda), from the Pierre Shale (Early Maastrichtian) of Colorado, Journal of Paleontology 59 3, 601-604

Muller P., Collins J. S. H. (1991) Late Eocene Coral-Associated Decapods (Crustacea) From Hungary, Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology 28 2-3, 47-92

Feldmann R. M., Keys I. W. (1992) Systematic and stratigraphic review with catalogue and locality index of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic decapod Crustacea of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Record 45, 1-73

Karasawa H. (1993) Cenozoic Decapod Crustacea from Southwest Japan, Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum 20, 1-92

Woodward H. Eocene Crustacea, The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 29, 24-31

Schweitzer C. E., Feldmann R. M., et al (2010) Systematic list of fossil decapod crustacean species, Crustaceana Monographs 10, 1-222

Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Macpherson, E.; Robainas-Barcia, A. (2015). Species of the genus Galathea Fabricius, 1793 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) from the Indian and Pacific Oceans, with descriptions of 92 new species. Zootaxa. 3913(1): 1-335. - via World Register of Marine Species

Fabricius, J. C. (1793). Entomologia Systematica Emendata et Aucta. Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species Adjectis Synonimis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. Christ. Gottl. Proft., Hafniae. 2: i-viii + 1-519. - via World Register of Marine Species

Türkay, M. (2001). Decapoda, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 284-292 - via World Register of Marine Species

Webber, W.R.; Fenwick, G.D.; Bradford-Grieve, J.M.; Eagar S.G.; Buckeridge, J.S.; Poore, G.C.B.; Dawson, E.W.; Watling, L.; Jones, J.B.; Wells, J.B.J.; Bruce, N.L.; Ahyong, S.T.; Larsen, K.; Chapman, M.A.; Olesen, J.; Ho, J.; Green, J.D.; Shiel, R.J.; Rocha, C.E.F.; Lörz, A.; Bird, G.J.; Charleston, W.A. (2010). Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea: shrimps, crabs, lobsters, barnacles, slaters, and kin. in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2010). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 2. Kingdom Animalia: Chaetognatha, Ecdysozoa, Ichnofossils. pp. 98-232. - via World Register of Marine Species

Bouvier, E.L. (1915). Decapodes marcheurs (Reptantia) et Stomatopodes recueillis a l'ile Maurice par M. Paul Carie. Bull. Scient. Fr. Belg. 3 (48): 178-318. - via World Register of Marine Species

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 434 Use of the Plenary Powers to secure that the names Upogebia [Leach], [1814], and Processa Leach, [1815], shall be the oldest available names for the genera in Question and that the family-group names based upon those generic names shall be the oldest available names for the family-group taxa concerned.Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 14(18), 403-424 (1956) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

De Grave, S., Pentcheff, N.D., Ahyong, S.T., Chan, T.-Y., Crandall, K.A., Dworschak, P.C., Felder, D.L., Feldmann, R.M., Fransen, C.H.J.M., Goulding, L.Y.D., Lemaitre, R., Low, M.E.Y., Martin, J.W., Ng, P.K.L., Schweitzer, C.E., Tan, S.H., Tshudy, D. & Wetzer, R. (2009). A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. supplement 21: 1-109. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Ent. Syst., 2 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS Editorial Board (2019) World Register of Marine Species - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Williams, Austin B., Lawrence G. Abele, D. L. Felder, H. H. Hobbs, Jr., R. B. Manning, et al., 1989: Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Decapod Crustaceans. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 17. 77. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Anna Karlsson (Decapoda) (2004) [Titel saknas] - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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