Didymodon Hedw., Sp. Musc. 104, 1801. Lectotype: Didymodon rigidulus
Hedw., fide Grout, Moss Fl. N. Amer. 1: 186, 1939.
Pottia sect. Gomphoneuron C. Müll., Linnaea 42: 310, 1879. Type: Pottia
lorentzii C. Müll. (= Didymodon lorentzianus (C. Müll.) Broth. fide
van der Wijk et al., Ind. Musc. 4: 540, 1967).
Pottia sect. Senophyllaria C. Müll., Linnaea 42: 311, 1879.
Sect. Didymodon
Didymodum Hedw. ex P. Beauv., Mag. Enc. 5: 309, 1804, nom. illeg. incl.
gen. prior.
Didimodon P. Beauv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris (fasc. planch.): 3 f. 5, 1822, nom.
illeg. orthogr. var.
Dydimodon Hedw. ex Arnott, Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 5: 263, 1827, nom. illeg.
orthogr. var.
Trichostomum subg. Didymodon (Hedw.) Turn., Musc. Hib. Spic. 34, 1804.
Didymodon subg. Didymodon (Hedw.) Boul., Fl. Crypt. Est Muscin. 504,
1872.
Didymodon subg. Eudidymodon Kindb., Eur. N. Amer. Bryin. 2: 273, 1897, nom.
illeg.
Barbula sect. Luridae Moenk., Laubm. Eur. 281, 1927. Lectotype nov.: Didymodon
rigidulus Hedw.
Barbula sect. Acutae Steere in Grout, Moss Fl. N. Amer. 1(3): 174,
1938.
Barbula sect. Didymodon (Hedw.) Giac., Atti Ist. Bot. Univ. Lab. Critt.
Pavia ser. 5, 4: 208, 1947.
Barbula subsect. Acutiformes Kindb., Eur. N. Amer. Bryin. 2: 246, 1897.
Type: Barbula acuta (Brid.) Brid.
Barbula subsect. Rigidulae Chen, Hedwigia 80: 193, 1941.
Sect. Asteriscium (C. Müll.) Zand.,
Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 2: 383, 1981 [1982]. Type: Barbula umbrosa
C. Müll.
Husnotiella Card., Rev. Bryol. 36: 71, 1909. Type: Husnotiella revoluta
Card.
Trichostomopsis Card., Rev. Bryol. 36: 73, 1909. Type: Trichostomopsis crispifolia
Card.
Asteriscium (C. Müll.) Hilp., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 50(2): 618, 1933, hom.
illeg. non Cham. & Schlecht., 1826.
Barbula sect. Asteriscium C. Müll., Linnaea 42: 342, 1879.
Didymodon sect. Craspedophyllon Card., Rev. Bryol. 36: 81, 1909.
Sect. Fallaces (De Not.) Zand., Phytologia
44: 209, 1979. Type: Barbula fallax Hedw.
Geheebia Schimp., Syn. ed. 2: 233, 1876. Type: Geheebia cataractarum
Schimp.
Dactylhymenium Card., Rev. Bryol. 36: 72, 1909. Type: Dactylhymenium pringlei
Card.
Limneria Stirt., Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 26: 428, 1915. Type: Limneria
viridula Stirt.
Prionidium Hilp., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 50(2): 640, 1933. Type: Prionidium
setschwanicum (Broth.) Hilp.
Trichostomum subg. Zygotrichodon Schimp., Syn. ed. 2: 169, 1876. Type: Trichostomum
tophaceum Brid.
Barbula subg. Geheebia (Schimp.) Szafr., Fl. Polska Mchy 1: 213, 1957
[1958].
Tortula sect. Fallaces De Not., Mem. Roy. Acc. Sci. Torino 40: 287,
1838. Type: Tortula fallax (Hedw.) Turn.
Barbula sect. Graciles Milde, Bryol. Siles. 117, 1869. Lectotype: Barbula
rigidicaulis C. Müll. fide Saito, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 39: 601,
1975.
Barbula sect. Pseudodidymodon Kindb., Eur. N. Amer. Bryin. 2: 246,
1897, nom. illeg. incl. sect. prior.
Barbula sect. Reflexae Mönk., Laubm. Eur. 280, 1927, nom. illeg.
incl. sect. prior.
Barbula sect. Fallaces (De Not.) Steere in Grout, Moss Fl. N. Amer. 1:
174, 1938.
Didymodon sect. Graciles (Milde) Saito, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 39: 501,
1975, see Zander, Phytologia 41: 24, 1978.
Barbula subsect. Fallaciformes Kindb., Eur. N. Amer. Bryin. 2: 246,
1897. Type: Barbula fallax Hedw.
Barbula subsect. Reflexae (Mönk.) Chen, Hedwigia 80: 203, 1941, nom.
illeg. incl. sect. prior.
Sect. Rufidulus (Chen) Zand. (a comb.
nov. made below).
Barbula sect. Rufidula Chen, Hedwigia 80: 210, 1941.
Sect. Vineales (Steere) Zand., Phytologia
41: 24, 1978. Lectotype nov.: Didymodon vinealis (Brid.) Zand.
Barbula sect. Vineales Steere in Grout, Moss Fl. N. Amer. 1: 174, 1938.
Barbula sect. Rubiginosae Steere in Grout, Moss Fl. N. Amer. 1: 174,
1938. Type: Barbula rubiginosa Mitt.
Barbula subsect. Vinealiformes Kindb., Eur. N. Amer. Bryin. 2: 246,
1897. Type: Barbula vinealis Brid.
Plants
gregarious or more usually forming turfs or cushions, light to blackish, olive
or reddish green above, brown to reddish brown or tan below. Stems
branching seldom to often, to 2(–9) cm in length, transverse section
rounded-pentagonal, occasionally rounded-triangular, central strand usually
distinct, seldom absent, sclerodermis usually present, hyalodermis only
occasionally present; axillary hairs of ca. 5 cells, basal 1–2 cells
brownish; indumentum usually absent. Leaves often crowded,
appressed-incurved and occasionally twisted or curled when dry, spreading when
moist, ovate or more usually lanceolate or long-lanceolate to
occasionally long-triangular, ca. 0.8–3.0(–6.0) mm in length, upper lamina
usually broadly concave, occasionally narrowly channeled or keeled, margins
seldom plane or more usually recurved or occasionally revolute, entire or
occasionally weakly dentate or crenulate, occasionally bistratose in patches or
entirely so; apex narrowly acute to rounded, seldom cucullate; base weakly
differentiated to ovate, occasionally oblong and half-sheathing the stem,
occasionally decurrent, shoulders rarely present; costa ending several
cells below apex to excurrent as a blunt awn, superficial cells quadrate to
elongate ventrally, usually short-rectangular dorsally above midleaf,
smooth or occasionally papillose, 2–4(–8) rows of cells across costa ventrally
at midleaf, costal transverse section ovate, semicircular or reniform, stereid
bands usually weak, occasionally absent ventrally, ventral epidermis present or
seldom absent, dorsal present but usually weak, guide cells 2–6(–8) in 1(–2)
layers, hydroid strand seldom present; upper laminal cells subquadrate
to hexagonal or rounded angular, occasionally short-rectangular or rhomboidal,
usually 8–13 µm in width, 1:1, occasionally bistratose in patches or entirely,
walls thin to thickened, lumens sometimes angular, occasionally trigonous,
superficially weakly to strongly convex on both surfaces; papillae usually
low, simple to bifid, usually solid, not obscuring the
lumens, occasionally absent or multiplex; basal cells usually weakly
differentiated to occasionally strongly differentiated across leaf or
extending higher medially, occasionally little different from upper cells,
quadrate to rectangular, seldom bulging, usually little wider than the upper,
ca. 2–4:1, walls usually rather thin, occasionally porose, smooth to papillose.
Propagula occasionally present, green, usually comparatively
small, spherical to elliptical, of 1–10 cells, usually borne in
leaf axils, occasionally on ventral surface of costa or on basal rhizoids;
occasionally the leaf apex swollen and fragile. Dioicous (occasionally possibly
rhizautoicous). Perichaetia terminal, inner leaves ovate to long-lanceolate,
occasionally enlarged, not or occasionally sheathing in lower 1/2, seldom
convolute-sheathing, lower cells rhomboidal-rectangular in lower 1/2. Perigonia
terminal or occasionally as small buds on protonema near archegoniophore. Seta
mostly 0.5–2.0 cm in length, 1(–2) per perichaetium, yellowish to reddish
brown, twisted clockwise below, occasionally counterclockwise above; theca ca.
1–3 mm in length, yellowish to reddish brown, elliptical to cylindrical,
exothecial cells rectangular, thin-walled, stomates phaneropore, at base of
theca, annulus of 1–3 rows of hexagonal, often vesiculose cells, often deciduous
in pieces or revoluble; peristome teeth 16, or 32 and grouped in pairs,
occasionally rudimentary or rarely absent, oblong to linear or long-triangular,
often perforate or cleft medially, papillose to spiculose or spirally striate,
to 700(–1300) µm, often of many articulations, usually straight or weakly
twisted counterclockwise, but sometimes strongly twisted, basal membrane
absent or low, occasionally to 70 µm in height, papillose or spiculose.
Operculum short- to long-conic or conic-rostrate, ca. 0.5–1.2 mm in length,
cells in straight rows or weakly twisted counterclockwise, occasionally to
twice twisted. Calyptra cucullate, smooth, ca. 2.0–2.5 mm in length. Spores ca.
7–15 µm in diameter, light brown, smooth to papillose. Laminal KOH color reaction
yellow or red. Reported chromosome number n = 12, 12+m, 13, 14.
Found
on a variety of substrates, mostly rock or soil; a cosmopolitan genus widely
diversified in temperate and montane regions.
Didymodon and Barbula, although often treated as
one genus, are here distinguished along the lines set out by Saito (1975a) and
summarized by Zander (1978e; see also treatment of Barbula). In
addition, Didymodon as presented here remains an apparent potpourri of
phyletic lines; Steere (1947) pointed out that Didymodon “is a synthetic
genus composed of discordant elements originating in several genera of the
Pottiaceae, agreeing among themselves only in their (supposedly!) [sic]
untwisted peristome teeth.” Just as Barbula and Bryoerythrophyllum
are closely related groups now separated as fairly homogeneous genera by a
variety of characters, chief among them KOH color reactions, Didymodon,
which is suspiciously heterogeneous in KOH color reactions, may prove to be
profitably split by recognizing various sections as genera. Obvious candidates
are described below.
Didymodon sect. Vineales
This section is characterized by the leaves
spreading to widely spreading and occasionally recurved when moist, concaveacross
the leaf to keeled and narrowly channeled along the adaxial surface of the
costa, margins weakly decurrent to strongly so in robust plants, weakly
recurved below to recurved or revolute to near the apex, often apiculate by a
conical cell, the costa usually percurrent to short-excurrent in a broad mucro,
the upper laminal cells occasionally bistratose along the leaf margins,
epapillose to papillae simple or irregular to more often spiculose-multiplex,
1–4 over each lumen, the adaxial superficial cells of the costa quadrate in the
upper half of the leaf, the guide cells occasionally in two layers, and the
adaxial stereid band often absent (often replaced by substereid cells); the
peristome is absent or rudimentary to well developed and twisted up to 2.5
turns; spores released usually in spring, also summer; KOH color reaction
usually red to red-orange (high magnification might be needed to ascertain the
exact hue of the internal upper laminal cell walls). A “marker” character, not
always present but otherwise distinctive, is the absence of the quadrate
ventral costal cells at the extreme leaf apex, resulting in a short,
boat-shaped groove bottomed by epapillose elongate cells. Some characteristic
species of sect. Vineales are D. brachyphyllus, D. cordatus,
D. herzogii, D. luehmanii (Pl. 50, f. 8–11), D. luridus, D.
nicholsonii, D. occidentalis, D. reedii, D. sinuosus, D.
tectorum and D. vinealis.
Didymodon sect. Fallaces
This section is distinguished by the leaves
spreading to often strongly recurved when moist, concave to keeled, margins
weakly to strongly decurrent, plane to recurved in lower 2/3, not apiculate,
the costa ending below the apex to short-excurrent, the upper laminal cells
unistratose, epapillose to papillae simple, hemispherical or occasionally
conic-apiculate, usually 1–2 over each lumen, the adaxial superficial cells of
the costa short-rectangular to elongate in the upper half of the leaf (except D.
asperifolius) and the adaxial stereid band usually present; peristome
rudimentary to well developed and twisted up to 2 turns; spores mature usually
in winter or spring; KOH color reaction usually reddish orange. The correct
name at the generic level would be Geheebia. This section is
morphologically similar to Hymenostylium by the commonly exposed ventral
stereid band and often angular upper medial cell lumens.
Although
Sollman (1983) has synonymized D. constrictus with D. (sect. Vineales)
vinealis, the type of the former at NY (“170”) is a mixed collection but
largely composed of plants identical with other NY specimens (“Walanchoon” and
“Lachen”) labeled in Mitten's hand as “Barbula constricta.” These are not D. vinealis but have
clearly elongate ventral cells; the Asian D. constrictus is near to or
the same as the dark-red colored D. (sect. Fallaces) laevigatus
of the Andes. Specimens identified in various herbaria as D. constrictus
but with quadrate ventral costal cells are usually D. (sect. Didymdon)
rigidulus var. icmadophilus, which has a similar very short leaf
base filled with quadrate cells and a very long-acuminate upper leaf.
Although
Syed and Crundwell (1973) indicated that Didymodon maxima (as Barbula
maxima) lacked a central strand, it usually has one, albeit weakly
developed, even in European plants (e.g. Ireland: Crundwell & Warburg 1962,
NY). Trigones, similar to those of Didymodon giganteus, are present in
the leaves of most specimens. Hill (1981) and H. Crum and D. Hall (in press)
have pointed out that Didymodon ferrugineus (Schimp. ex Besch.) Hill is
the correct name for D. fallax var. reflexus at the species
level. Some characteristic species of sect. Fallaces are D.
asperifolius, D. calycinus (Pl. 50, f. 1–3), D. ceratodonteus
(Pl. 50, f. 4–7), D. constrictus, D. fallax, D. ferrugineus,
D. erosodenticulatus, D. giganteus, D. hastatus, D.
inundatus, D. johansenii, D. laevigatus, D. maxima, D. michiganensis, D. nigrescens, D.
spadiceus (Pl. 50, f. 12–16), D. tomaculosus (differs from D.
fallax only in the presence of rhizoidal propagula), D. tophaceus
and D. waymouthii (Pl. 50, f. 17–21).
Didymodon sect. Asteriscium
This section is characterized by the stem
occasionally with a hyalodermis, leaves spreading to spreading-recurved when
moist, occasionally squarrose from a shortly sheathing base, broadly channeled,
leaf margins not decurrent, plane to broadly recurved throughout, the costa
ending 1–6 cells below apex to short-excurrent, often rather broad at midleaf,
adaxial surface convex, upper laminal cells unistratose to bistratose evenly or
in patches along the leaf margins, papillae absent to large, low, simple to
bifid 1(–4) per cell lumen, adaxial superficial cells of costa quadrate to
elongate, adaxial stereid band absent or very small, hydroid groups often
present; KOH color reaction usually yellow or yellowish orange. If recognized
at the genus level, the correct name would be Husnotiella or Trichostomopsis,
both published at the same time. This section represents at least superficially
a morphological intermediate, as noted by Hilpert (1933), between Didymodon
and Erythrophyllopsis in that the upper lamina of D. challaense
is bistratose in patches medially or completely. Some characteristic species
are D. australasiae, D. bartramii (Pl. 49, f. 24–26), D.
challaense, D. revolutus and D. umbrosus. Probably also
belonging here is D. marginatum.
Hydroid strands are of scattered occurrence in
the genus Didymodon, having been seen in D. australasiae, D.
ceratodonteus, D. luehmanii, D. revolutus and D.
xanthocarpus. This feature is evidently of little taxonomic utility at the
present time.
Didymodon
tophaceus, a relatively common
species of wet habitats, may lack a peristome in some specimens, which
occasionally appear as taxonomic types of certain synonyms (e.g. Gymnostomum
knightii Schimp. in Knight, BM) originally described as members of other,
characteristically eperistomate genera.
The
type of Didymodon occidentalis (NY) lacks a peristome entirely (it is
not retained in the operculum on dehiscence). The sect. Vineales is
similar to Bryoerythrophyllum in red coloration in KOH but is
distinguishable from the latter by the usually sharply acute leaves, smaller
upper laminal papillae, and often more than one layer of guide cells in the
costa, which also often lacks a ventral stereid band.
Didymodon
lindigii of the Andes has
bistratose upper margins and apex, and rudimentary peristome, and is apparently
close to Didymodon rigidulus (Pl. 49, f. 1–14). The several apparent
isotypes at NY consist of considerable admixture with D. tophaceus and D.
australasiae, while the isotype at FH is solely of the last two;
lectotypification is sorely needed, with attention to possible confusion with Astomum
lindigii (cf. Mitten's 1859 treatment of this last species).
Weissia
waymouthii (Pl. 50, f. 17–21) is
here transferred to Didymodon (sect. Fallaces) reflecting its
recurved lower leaf margins, elongate ventral cells of costa, lack of a
differentiated ventral costal epidermis, upper laminal cells pellucid,
thick-walled, with rounded lumens and medially longitudinally elongate, and
papillae low and simple. The absence of a central strand in D. waymouthii
is unusual in the genus, and might indicate a relationship with Hymenostylium,
but the species is retained at least tentatively in Didymodon because of
the presence of a peristome and costa ending a few cells below the apex. The
KOH color reaction is reddish orange, not the characteristic yellow of Weissia
species.
Additional,
selected literature: Abramova et al. (1987), Allen (1992), Andrews (1941),
Bartram (1926a,c), Conard (1945a, 1951a), Corley et al (1987), Crum (1965b,
1969a), Crundwell (1976), Crundwell and Nyholm (1965), Crundwell and Whitehouse
(1978), Dismier (1905), Düll (1984), Düll-Hermanns (1984), Düll-Hermanns and
Düll (1985), Eckel (1986a), Ellis and Smith (1983), Guerra and Ros (1987),
Herzog (1905), Hill (1978), Hillier (1931), Lal and Parihar (1980), Matteri
(1988a), Mitten (1867), Philibert (1885), Preston and Whitehouse (1985),
Robinson (1968, 1970), Savicz-Ljubitzkaja (1965b), Sollman (1983), Steere
(1938b), Vashistha and Chopra (1984), Werner (1982), Williams (1913), Zander
(1978b,h, 1981c), Zander and Delgadillo (1984).
Number
of accepted species: 122, plus 1 in Husnotiella, and 1 in Trichostomopsis.
Species
examined: D. alticaulis (DUKE, TENN), D. amblyophyllus
(NY), D. anserinocapitatus (NY), D. asperifolius, D.
australasiae, D. bartramii (F, US), D. brachyphyllus
(BUF), D. calycinus (BM, NY), D. cardotii, D.
ceratodonteus (NY, PC), D. challaense (H), D. constrictus
(BUF, NY), D. cordatus (BUF, F), D. crassicostatus
(FH), D. deciduus (NY), D. fallax, D. ferrugineus, D.
giganteus, D. herzogii (JE, L), D. hampei (BM,
BUF, FH, TENN), D. hastatus (NY), D. humidus (NY), D. imperfectus
(H), D. incrassatolimbatus (BM, FH, NY, TENN), D. inundatus
(NY), D. japonicus (H), D. johansenii (ALA, MICH), D.
laevigatus (BUF, NY), D. lamyanus (F), D. leskeoides
(ALTA, BUF, NY, UBC), D. lindigii (NY), D. lingulatus
(NY, BM), D. luehmanii (BUF), D.luridus, D. jackvancei
(NY), D. marginatum (NY), D. maxima (NY), D. michiganensis
(DUKE, NY, TENN), D. minusculus (NY), D. nicholsonii (BUF, HSC,
UBC, US), D. nigrescens (COLO, DUKE, FH, NY, US), D.
occidentalis (NY), D. patagonicus (NY), D. perobtusus
(H, NY), D. pruinosus (NY, BUF), D. reedii (US), D.
revolutus, D. rigidulus, D. rivicola (BUF), D.
rufidulus (BUF), D. sinuosus (BUF, NY), D. spadiceus,
D. stewartii (NY), D. subandreaeoides (ALA, CANM, NY), D.
subtorquatus (US), D. taylori (NY), D. tectorum
(H), D. tomaculosus (BUF), D. tophaceopsis (BUF,
NY, US), D. tophaceus, D. torquatus (HSC), D.
umbrosus, D. uruguayensis (US), D. vinealis, D.
waymouthii (NY), D. xanthocarpus (NY).
New
heterotypic synonymy: Gyroweisia boliviana Williams = Didymodon
tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa. Husnotiella baueri Bartr. in Bauer = Didymodon
tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa. Gymnostomum knightii Schimp. in Knight = Didymodon
tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa.
New
combinations and names:
Didymodon sect. Rufidulus (Chen) Zand., comb. nov. (Barbula
sect. Rufidula Chen, Hedwigia 80: 210, 1941).
Didymodon anserinocapitatus (X.-j. Li) Zand., comb. nov. (Barbula
anserinocapitata X.-j. Li, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3: 103, 1981).
Didymodon bartramii Zand., nom. nov. (Didymodon
angustifolius Bartr. non Warnst. nec Herz., Fieldiana Bot.
28: 4, 1951).
Didymodon cardotii (Dus.) Zand., comb. nov. (Barbula
cardotii Dus., Bot. Not. 1905: 299, 1905).
Didymodon challaense (Broth. in Herz.) Zand., comb. nov. (Trichostomum
challaense Broth. in Herz., Biblioth. Bot. 87: 30, 1916; Erythrophyllopsis
challaensis (Broth. in Herz.) Hilp.).
Didymodon crassicostatus (Bartr.) Zand., comb. nov. (Barbula
crassicostata Bartr., Bryologist 49: 114, 1946).
Didymodon deciduus Zand., nom. nov. (Barbula decidua
C. Müll., Linnaea 43: 425, 1882, hom. illeg.; Barbula uruguensis
Par., nom. nov., Ind. Bryol. 101, 1894).
Didymodon herzogii Zand., nom. nov. (Trichostomum
ferrugineum Herz., Biblioth. Bot. 87: 31, 1916; Gertrudiella ferruginea
(Herz.) Hilp.; non Didymodon ferrugineus (Schimp. ex Besch.) Hill).
Didymodon hampei Zand., nom. nov. (Trichostomum
obtusifolium Hampe, Bot. Zeit. 28: 49, 1870; Gyroweisia obtusifolia
Broth.; non Didymodon obtusifolius Schkuhr).
Didymodon hastatus (Mitt.) Zand., comb. nov. (Barbula
hastata Mitt., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. Suppl. 1: 34, 1859).
Didymodon humidus (Mitt.) Zand., comb. nov. (Tortula
humida Mitt., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 12: 162, 1869).
Didymodon imperfectus (C. Müll.) Zand., comb. nov. (Trichostomum
imperfectum C. Müll., Linnaea 42: 214, 1879; Barbula imperfecta (C.
Müll.) Broth.).
Didymodon lindigii (Hampe) Zand., comb. nov. (Hyophila
lindigii Hampe Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. ser. 5, 3: 343, 1865; Barbula lindigii
Hampe, Bot. Zeit. 27: 867, 1869).
Didymodon jackvancei Zand., nom. nov. (Husnotiella plicata Magill,
Fl. S. Afr. I. Bryophyta 1: 222, 1981; non Didymodon plicatus (C. Müll.)
Mont.).
Didymodon marginatum (Robins.) Zand., comb. nov. (Trichostomum
marginatum Robins., Phytologia 12: 389, 1971).
Didymodon minusculus (Williams) Zand., comb. nov. (Tortula
minuscula Williams, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 42: 399, 1915).
Didymodon pruinosus (Mitt.) Zand., comb. nov. (Tortula
pruinosa Mitt., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 12: 152, 1869; Barbula pruinosa
(Mitt.) Jaeg.).
Didymodon rigidulus var. ditrichoides (Broth.) Zand., comb.
et stat. nov. (Barbula ditrichoides Broth., Sitzungsber. Ak. Wiss.
Wien Math. Nat. Kl. 133: 566, 1924).
Didymodon stewartii (Bartr.) Zand., comb. nov. (Barbula stewartii
Bartr., Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 82: 23, 1955).
Didymodon taylorii Zand., nom. nov. (Tortula campylocarpa
Tayl., London J. Bot. 7: 187, 1848; Barbula campylocarpa (Tayl.) C.
Müll.; non Didymodon campylocarpus (C. Müll.) Broth.).
Didymodon tophaceopsis Zand., nom. nov. (Gyroweisia latifolia
Dix., S. Afr. J. Sci. 18: 309, 1922; Husnotiella latifolia (Dix.) Zand.
& Magill; non Didymodon latifolius Wahlenb. in Web. & Mohr).
Didymodon uruguayensis Zand., nom. nov. (Barbula uruguayensis
Broth. is an hom. illeg. of Barbula uruguensis Par. fide
Margadant in litt., itself a nom. nov. for Barbula decidua C.
Müll. a quite different species here recognised as Didymodon deciduus
(C. Müll.) Zand., Bih. K. Svensk. Vet. Ak. Foerh. 36 afd. 3(7): 18, 1900).
Didymodon waymouthii (R. Br. ter) Zand., comb. nov. (Weissia
waymouthii R. Br. ter, Trans. New Zealand Inst. Bull. 31: 439, 1899; Weissia
lancifolia var. waymouthii (R. Br. ter) Wijk & Marg.).