Figure 9 - uploaded by Vasilis Gerovasileiou
Content may be subject to copyright.
![Tretosina arculifera (Canu & Bassler, 1927). Unbleached colony from the walls of Fara cave. PMC Rosso-Collection GR. H. B.83a-1. Sample F4A. (A) Multilayered colony (outlined in black) increasing the diameter of a donut-shaped nodule (upper side on the right) growing along its edge together with other species including O. vibraculifera (outlined in white). (Scale bar: 5 mm). (B) Marginal autozooids of a growing lobe. (Scale bar: 500 µm). (C) Group of autozooids from an old part of the colony, some showing multiple intramural regenerations. (Scale bar: 500 µm). Synonymies Floridinella arculifera Canu & Bassler 1927 [63] (p. 7, pl. 2, fig. 1). Floridinella arculifera (=Caleschara minuta) Cook & Bock 2001 [62] (fig. 16). non Caleshara minuta Cook & Bock 2001 [62] (fig. 15). Onychocellidae sp. 1, Rosso et al. 2019a [4] (tab. 1); Rosso et al. 2019 [5] (fig. 1B, tab. 1).](profile/Vasilis-Gerovasileiou/publication/345728076/figure/fig5/AS:956685006954497@1605102888087/Tretosina-arculifera-Canu-Bassler-1927-Unbleached-colony-from-the-walls-of-Fara.png)
Tretosina arculifera (Canu & Bassler, 1927). Unbleached colony from the walls of Fara cave. PMC Rosso-Collection GR. H. B.83a-1. Sample F4A. (A) Multilayered colony (outlined in black) increasing the diameter of a donut-shaped nodule (upper side on the right) growing along its edge together with other species including O. vibraculifera (outlined in white). (Scale bar: 5 mm). (B) Marginal autozooids of a growing lobe. (Scale bar: 500 µm). (C) Group of autozooids from an old part of the colony, some showing multiple intramural regenerations. (Scale bar: 500 µm). Synonymies Floridinella arculifera Canu & Bassler 1927 [63] (p. 7, pl. 2, fig. 1). Floridinella arculifera (=Caleschara minuta) Cook & Bock 2001 [62] (fig. 16). non Caleshara minuta Cook & Bock 2001 [62] (fig. 15). Onychocellidae sp. 1, Rosso et al. 2019a [4] (tab. 1); Rosso et al. 2019 [5] (fig. 1B, tab. 1).
Source publication
Investigation of bryozoan faunas collected in two submarine caves in Lesvos Island, Aegean Sea revealed a great number of colonies of three species currently assigned to the cheilostome family Onychocellidae: Onychocella marioni Jullien, 1882, O. vibraculifera Neviani, 1895, and Smittipora disjuncta Canu & Bassler, 1930. All species were first desc...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... rim raised, mostly distally, regularly and finely beaded. Gymnocyst extremely narrow, only visible along zooidal boundaries and slightly more at proximal corners, occasionally forming low elevations ( Figure 9B). Cryptocyst extensive, depressed, steeply sloping from the margins, generally flat but sometimes swollen centrally and proximally to the opesia; flanking the opesia, tapering laterally, absent distally (Figures 10C-E and 11A,B); granular with, variably sized, sparse and randomly distributed granules, which become finer and more closely packed if an ovicell is present. ...
Context 2
... quincuncially arranged ( Figure 9B,C, Figures 10B and 11A), thick and large (mean ± SD: 648 ± 70 × 418 ± 45 µm), distinct by narrow and deep furrows; irregularly polygonal proximally, arched distally ( Figures 10 and 11A), communicating through a row of septular pores in the vertical walls ( Figure 10F). Marginal rim raised, mostly distally, regularly and finely beaded. ...
Context 3
... rim raised, mostly distally, regularly and finely beaded. Gymnocyst extremely narrow, only visible along zooidal boundaries and slightly more at proximal corners, occasionally forming low elevations ( Figure 9B). Cryptocyst extensive, depressed, steeply sloping from the margins, generally flat but sometimes swollen centrally and proximally to the opesia; flanking the opesia, tapering laterally, absent distally ( Figure 10C-E and Figure 11A,B); granular with, variably sized, sparse and randomly distributed granules, which become finer and more closely packed if an ovicell is present. ...
Similar publications
The long-established difference between the bryozoan genera Hemicyclopora Norman, 1894 and Escharella Gray, 1848 is the occurrence of a lyrula in the autozooidal orifices of Escharella species. The examination of abundant material from the Mediterranean and NE Atlantic using re-assessed specific criteria revealed an unexpected diversity involving s...
Citations
... Juxtacribrilina mutabilis, originally from Japan, has been recently found in several European sites including the Mediterranean (Crete and Piran) (Martaeng et al., 2023). Tretosina arculifera, only known from Hawaii, was sur-prisingly discovered in submarine caves of Lesvos Island (Rosso et al., 2020b). A formally still undescribed species, Hippopodina sp. ...
... Diporula was synonymized with Microporella (Di Martino & Rosso, 2021) based on morphological characters, later supported by molecular sequencing showing Diporula to be nested within Microporella (Orr et al., 2022). The only species of Smittipora recorded in the Mediterranean "Smittipora disjuncta" was placed in the new genus Bryobifallax (Rosso et al., 2020b). ...
... It is expected that most, if not all, these species will be discovered in other cryptic and/or deep circalittoral to bathyal habitats, as is the case for most species typical of submarine caves (e.g., Harmelin, 1997;Rosso et al., 2013b). Samples from caves of Lesvos Island (Aegean Sea), collected between 17 and 27 m, also have a few colonies of Tretosina arculifera, a species never reported after its first description from Hawaii more than a century ago (Rosso et al., 2020b). Finally, Calyptotheca alexandriensis was described from red-coloured open-honeycomb spherical colonies, formed by bilaminar anastomosing fronds and growing in dense clusters, discovered in the port of Alexandria (Egypt) in December 2015 from the sea level to 1 m depth. ...
This paper provides an update on Mediterranean bryozoan diversity since the annotated checklist of Rosso & Di Martino (2016), following the publication of numerous papers describing new taxa and new species, and the addition of new records of non-indigenous species. Some of the 32 new species described after the previous checklist (plus one only figured) replace records of cosmopolitan or widespread species, while others are the result of the dismantling of species complexes. New records include mainly species and genera previously known from the near-Atlantic and subordinately from the Pacific. In addition to replacements, removal of species/genera is also linked to formalized synonymies. These changes also reflect modifications in the composition and representation of families. The updated bryozoan fauna consists of 588 species, 220 genera and 99 families. The proportions at order level remain largely unchanged with cheilostomatids (ca 77%) dominating over cyclostomatids (ca 13%) and ctenostomatids (ca 10%). Ten families account for about half of the total species diversity. The newly available information is the result of investigations of habitats and localities previously overlooked, the examination of historical collections in museums, as well as the more routine use of Scanning Electron Microscopy, with increasing support from molecular sequencing. Regularly updated species checklists represent a unique, simple tool to monitor biodiversity in agreement with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted by the United Nations.
... 11, fig. 10), Rosso et al. (2020) considered O. angulosa and O. marioni as two distinct species pending the examination of the type material. The differences apparent from the drawing included autozooids with centrally placed, polygonal opesiae, and small heterozooids with reduced opesiae in O. angulosa. ...
In 1878, Arthur Waters described a bryozoan fauna from a Pleistocene (Calabrian) outcrop, at that time considered as Pliocene, located near the town of Brucoli in southeast Sicily (Italy). Waters' work on bryozoans was based on the material collected four years earlier by Theodor Fuchs, curator of the Imperial-Royal Mineralogical Court-Cabinet in Vienna, now the Natural History Museum, and currently housed in the palaeontological collection of the same museum. Since its first description, Waters' material has never been revised and his new species never recorded again. Here, we employ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study Waters' new species that are still valid today, and some other critical taxa present in the same collection. Based on this revision, Eschara lunaris Waters, 1878 is synonymized with Microporella verrucosa (Peach, 1868), and Lepralia auriculata var. leontiniensis Waters, 1878 is confirmed to be a valid species, i.e., Stephanotheca leontiniensis (Waters, 1878) comb. nov. We also highlight that Biflustra rhynchota Waters, 1878 fits better in the genus Amphiblestrum, showing a close affinity with A. lyrulatum (Calvet, 1907). Additional specimens in Waters' collection identified as Onychocella angulosa (Reuss, 1847) were compared with Reuss' Miocene syntypes to confirm their identification and the distinction of this species from the Recent Onychocella marioni (Jullien, 1882). Lastly, a specimen identified by Waters as Busk's Microporella morrisiana (Busk, 1859) from the Pliocene Coralline Crag is now regarded as M. appendiculata Heller, 1867, a common Pliocene-to-Recent Mediterranean species, after comparison with a topotypic colony of the former species.
... Each year, several new species and genera are also being described in the Mediterranean thanks to revision works (e.g. Souto et al. 2010a;Vieira et al. 2014;Reverter-Gil et al. 2016;Berning et al. 2019) as well as owing to newly collected material from hardly accessible habitats like dark caves, the mesophotic zone and deep-sea areas (Rosso et al. 2018;2020a, 2020b. The mesophothic zone is a relatively unexplored area of the Mediterranean Sea, and growing interest by the scientific community in the exploration of this zone is evident in the last years (e.g. ...
... While Taylor et al. (2018) have recently summarised the problems existing around the type species of the genus Onychocella, and discussed the potential synonymy of the fossil Onychocella angulosa (Reuss, 1848) and the present-day Onychocella marioni Jullien, 1882, Rosso et al. (2020b) thoroughly redescribed and figured the Recent species, to which we assign the Apulian specimens. ...
The mesophotic zone is a relatively poorly studied area of the Mediterranean Sea, drawing great interest by the scientific community in the last years. This zone represents a connection between the shallow water and the deep-sea communities, in which photophilic framework builders (e.g. coralline red algae) are gradually replaced by heterotrophic ones, such as ahermatypic corals and the bivalve Neopycnodonte cochlear. In this habitat the framework-forming organisms produce a hard substrate with a high topographic complexity, hosting a great biodiversity of secondary structuring taxa like bryozoans. During a survey on coralligenous banks in the mesophotic zone in c. 60 m depth off Gallipoli (southern Apulia), epibiotic aggregations of N. cochlear were found on the fans of the hexacoral Savalia savaglia. In the present paper the diversity of cheilostomatid bryozoans hosted by these bivalve aggregations is described and compared with published information on similar nearby habitats. A total of 48 taxa were found, six of which are newly described: Crassimarginatella matildae sp. nov., Micropora biopesiula sp. nov., Haplopoma celeste sp. nov., Schizomavella (Schizomavella) cerranoi sp. nov., Schizomavella (Calvetomavella) biancae sp. nov., and Schizoporella adelaide sp. nov. The species richness known from the southern Apulian shelf at this depth (47 species) is hereby raised to 83 cheilostomatid bryozoans. Moreover, only 12 species are shared with the other localities studied previously, while 36 are restricted to Gallipoli, supporting the hypothesis of a high rate of exclusivity among Apulian sites in terms of species composition. The differences in faunal composition, and particularly the presence of several new species discovered at Gallipoli, show once more that our knowledge of the bryozoan fauna in certain Mediterranean habitats is still incomplete and warrants further studies.
https://doi.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DDC82039-EF44-4169-8198-C67F60B14BA0
... However, these structures can be interpreted as attachment points for muscles. Similar muscle scars have been described previously for some Upper Cretaceous and Recent bryozoans (Medd 1964;Taylor & Martha 2017;Rosso et al. 2020). ...
Erect cyclostome and cheilostome bryozoans are described for the first time from the lower Maastrichtian of the Aktolagay Plateau in western Kazakhstan. The studied bryozoan assemblage includes the cyclostomes Meliceritites cf. dentiferus Viskova and ?Reteporidea sp., and the cheilostomes Rhagasostoma cf. saltans (Brydone), Acoscinopleura beniamovski sp. nov. and Escharifora? invisibilia sp. nov. A combination of scanning electron microscopy and Xray microtomography were used to characterize their external and internal morphologies. The comparative morphology of the studied cheilostome genera is discussed. The bryozoans belong to genera ubiquitous in the Maastrichtian of Europe and Central Asia. Moreover, R. cf. saltans, A. beniamovski sp. nov. and E.? invisibilia sp. nov. have extensive geographical distributions.
... Within caves, the highest bryozoan cover has been observed in the transitional zone between the semidark and dark cave biocoenoses, where several encrusting taxa (e.g. Onychocella marioni and Hippaliosina depressa) may develop multilayered structures ( Figure 5J) (Harmelin 1985, 2000, Rosso et al. 2013a, 2020b Hayward 1974, Silén & Harmelin 1976, Harmelin et al. 2007, Rosso et al. 2020a). According to Harmelin (1986), the bryozoan fauna of dark caves exhibits affinities with that of other crevicular microhabitats (e.g. ...
Marine caves are biodiversity reservoirs and refuge habitats, harbouring rare species and living fossils. The Mediterranean Sea hosts more than 3000 caves, which are among the most studied in the world. This review aims to synthesize and update knowledge of Mediterranean marine caves. Their biota includes few obligate cave-dwelling organisms, but many cryptobiotic or crevicular (crevice-dwelling) and bathyphilic (preferring deep-water) species that secondarily colonize caves. A total of 2369 taxa have been reported from 404 caves in 15 countries, with several species new to science described in recent decades. Dramatic environmental gradients generate a zonation of the biota, with up to six faunal zones and two main biocoenoses. Biotic cover and biomass are strongly reduced inside caves, due to hydrological confinement and trophic depletion. The food web is based on suspension-feeders, but motile carnivores play a role in the importation of organic matter from outside. Lack of primary production, faunal affinities and microbial metabolism make marine caves readily accessible models of deep ocean ecosystems. Future research should focus on filling regional (e.g. south-eastern Mediterranean) and thematic (e.g. microbes, meiofauna, macroinfauna) gaps in fundamental knowledge, and on management measures. Marine caves have low ecological resilience and harbour many species of conservation interest, but are threatened by seawater warming, local human impacts and non-indigenous species.
... These unusual autozooids and the kenozooids observed in this species seem to be particularly common in zones of contact between colonies or lobes of the same colony, and in damaged areas, also associated with evidences of reparation (Figs 5D, 6A, D), such as regeneration of broken autozooids, patches of calcification to close holes in the frontal shield, or orifices of presumably not functional autozooids (Fig. 6G). Intrazooidal budding, a feature that is common in bryozoans from submarine caves (e.g., Rosso et al. 2020aRosso et al. , 2020b, has been more commonly observed in avicularia (Fig. 6C, D) than autozooids (Fig. 6F, G). The occurrence of ovicells seems rare, observed only on the colony selected as the holotype. ...
... An anthropogenically-mediated transport might be hypothesised for the first two species that have a shallow-water distribution, often in association with algal fronds. However, a similar widely disjunct distribution was observed for the calescharid species Tretosina arculifera (Canu & Bassler, 1927), previously only known from deep-waters of Hawaii and recently discovered in submarine caves from Lesvos Island (Rosso et al. 2020b). To date, there is no evidence of the occurrence of Microporella species in highly human-impacted areas (Ferrario et al. 2018), with the only exception of colonies of M. modesta found on plastic at Ognina marina, north of Catania. ...
The Mediterranean specimens of the genus Microporella collected from shallow water habitats during several surveys and cruises undertaken mostly off the Italian coast are revised. As a result of the disentanglement of the M. ciliata complex and the examination of new material, three new species, M. bicollaris sp. nov., M. ichnusae sp. nov., and M. pachyspina sp. nov., are described from submarine caves or associated with seagrasses and algae. An additional species Microporella sp. A, distinct by its finely reticulate ascopore, is described but left in open nomenclature owing to the limitations of a single infertile fragment. After examination of all available material, based on their identical zooidal morphology, the genus Diporula is regarded as junior synonym of Microporella and the combination Microporella verrucosa is resurrected as first suggested by Neviani in 1896. Fenestrulina joannae is also reassigned to Microporella. The availability of a large number of colonies of the above-mentioned and other species already well known from the area (i.e., M. appendiculata, M. ciliata, and M. modesta), allowed the assessment of their high intraspecific variability as well as the observation, for the first time, of some morphological characters including ancestrulae, early astogeny, and kenozooids. Finally, M. modesta, in spite of M. ciliata as defined by the neotype selected by Kukliński & Taylor in 2008, appears to be the commonest species in the basin.
The internal structure of three species of the genus Rhagasostoma Koschinsky (family Onychocellidae) – R. inelegans (Lonsdale), R. gibbosum (Marsson), and R. rowei (Brydone), originating from the Campanian erratic block of Belarus, was studied. It was found that, in general, all three species have a similar internal structure: the formation of new lineal series of autozooids initiated from the avicularia, the cystids of the zooids narrow towards the basal walls, and the transverse walls of the zooids are located at an angle to the basal walls. The species R. inelegans and R. gibbosum, in contrast to R. rowei, have muscle scars in the distolateral part of the basal wall of autozooids. In the transverse walls of autozooids, R. inelegans and R. gibbosum have one large septulum, while R. rowei has a pair of small septula enclosed in a pore chamber. The comparison of the studied onychocellid species with the type species of the genus Tobolocella Koromyslova et al., as well as with the species of the genus Acoscinopleura Voigt (family Coscinopleuridae) revealed significant differences in their internal structure.
The full-text view-only version on the link below: https://rdcu.be/c068P
