Acevedo y Strong

Smithsonian Institution
Scholarly Press
smithsonian contributions to botany • number 98
Smithsonian Institution
Scholarly Press
A Chronology
Catalogue of of
MiddleSeed
Missouri
Plants Plains
Village
of theSites
West Indies
By Craig M. Johnson
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
with contributions by
Stanley A. Ahler, Herbert Haas, and Georges Bonani

and Mark T. Strong
Series Publications of the Smithsonian Institution
Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was

expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan
for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included
the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports,
giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes
made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of
basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of
titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com-
mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and
continuing with the following active series:
Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology

Smithsonian Contributions to Botany
Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology
Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences
Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation
Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale

monographs that report on the research and collections of its various
museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are
distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institu-
tions throughout the world.
Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the

Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affilia-
tion with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject
to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation
guidelines. General requirements for manuscript preparation are on the
inside back cover of printed volumes. For detailed submissions require-
ments and to review the “Manuscript Preparation and Style Guide for
Authors,” visit the Submissions page at www.scholarlypress.si.edu.
smithsonian contributions to botany • number 98
Catalogue of
Seed Plants
of the
West Indies
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
and Mark T. Strong
washington d.c.
2012
ABSTRACT
Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro and Strong, Mark T. Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian
Contributions to Botany, number 98, xxv + 1192 pages, 3 maps, 4 tables, 2012.—The catalogue enumerates
all taxa of Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons, and Monocotyledons occurring in the West Indies archipelago
excluding the islands off the coast of Venezuela (Netherlands Antilles, Venezuelan Antilles, Tobago, and
Trinidad). For each accepted taxon, nomenclature (including synonyms described from the West Indies and
their references to publication), distribution in the West Indies (including endemic, native, or exotic status),
common names, and a numerical listing of literature records are given. Type specimen citations are provided
for accepted names and synonyms of Cyperaceae, Sapindaceae, and some selected genera in several families
including the Apocynaceae (Plumeria), Aquifoliaceae (Ilex), and Santalaceae (Dendrophthora). More than
30,000 names were treated comprising 208 families, 2,033 genera, and 12,279 taxa, which includes exotic
and commonly cultivated plants. The total number of indigenous taxa was approximately 10,470 of which
71% (7,446 taxa) are endemic to the archipelago or part of it. Fifteen new names, 37 combinations, and 7
lectotypifications are validated. A searchable website of this catalogue, maintained and continuously updated
at the Smithsonian Institution, is available at http://botany.si.edu/antilles/WestIndies/.
KEY WORDS
Bahamas Archipelago, Botany, Caribbean, Common Names, Conservation, Dicotyledons, Distribu-
tion, Diversity, Endemism, Floristics, Greater Antilles, Gymnosperms, Lesser Antilles, Monocotyle-
dons, Nomenclature, Taxonomy, West Indies.
Cover images, from left to right: Hedyosmum arborescens Sw., Cordia sebestena L., Ravenia urbanii
Engl. (Photographer: P. Acevedo)
Published by SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SCHOLARLY PRESS

P.O. Box 37012, MRC 957
Washington, D.C. 20013-7012
www.scholarlypress.si.edu
Text and images in this publication may be protected by copyright and other restrictions or owned by individuals and
entities other than, and in addition to, the Smithsonian Institution. Fair use of copyrighted material includes the use of
protected materials for personal, educational, or noncommercial purposes. Users must cite author and source of content,
must not alter or modify content, and must comply with all other terms or restrictions that may be applicable. Users are
responsible for securing permission from a rights holder for any other use.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro.
Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies / Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez and Mark T. Strong.
p. cm. — (Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 98)
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Botany—West Indies. 2. Phanerogams—West Indies—Classification. I. Strong, Mark T. II. Title. III. Series:
Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 98.
QK225.A25 2011
581.9729—dc23
2011036134
ISSN: 0081-024X (print); 1938-2812 (online)
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Perma-
nence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48–1992.
Contents
Introduction iv
Map 1. West Indies and Surrounding Continents iv
Map 2. Lesser Antilles v
Diversity v
Map 3. Greater Antilles vi
Table 1. Seed Plant Floristic and Endemism Estimates
per Island vi
Table 2. Ten Most Diverse Families of Seed Plants Native

to the West Indies vii
Table 3. Ten Most Species-Rich Genera in the West Indies vii
Symbols and Abbreviations Used in the Catalogue vii
Table 4. Number of Total Taxa in Each Family viii
New Names, Combinations, and typifications
Made in the CatAlogue ix
Contributors and Reviewers xi
Acknowledgments xii
References Cited in the Catalogue xiii
Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies 1
List of Genera by Family 948
Checklists by Location 975

Checklist of the Bahamas 975
Checklist of the Cayman Islands 987
Checklist of Cuba 995
Checklist of Hispaniola 1052
Checklist of Jamaica 1098
Checklist of Puerto Rico 1127
Checklist of the Virgin Islands 1154
Checklist of the Lesser Antilles 1168
Introduction
T
he present publication represents more than a decade of arduous work devoted to the compilation and revision
of scientific and common names of the taxa of seed plants known to occur in the West Indies. The West Indies
as defined in a previous paper by Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2008) include three main archipelagos that
divide the Caribbean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean (Map. 1), i.e., the Bahamas Archipelago (Bahamas Islands +
Turks and Caicos Islands), the Greater Antilles (Map 3), and the Lesser Antilles (Map 2). The project originally started as
a compilation of scientific names once used for the seed plants of the Greater Antilles, and it was thought to constitute the
starting point for the Flora of the Greater Antilles project. While funding for such an ambitious project never materialized,
the checklist slowly increased its scope to include the Bahamas, the Lesser Antilles, and common names for plants from
the region. Due to the lack of time and resources, we have not included records from the islands off the coast of Venezuela
(Netherland Antilles, Venezuelan Antilles, Trinidad, and Tobago).
The Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies constitutes the first modern effort to account for all the names (sci-
entific and vernacular) of seed plants known to occur in the Bahamas Archipelago, the Greater Antilles, and the Lesser
Antilles. We have compiled binomials treated in major floristic works and taxonomic revisions pertinent to the West
Indies. Additional names were compiled from specimen records at the Smithsonian Institution (U.S. National Herbarium)
Map 1. West Indies and Surrounding Continents.

number 9 8 • v
and other herbaria, botanical articles, the International as Hispaniola. If taxa are only known for either country,
Plant Names Index (IPNI), Kew Gardens World Checklist then the country name is indicated in the distribution. En-
of Selected Plant Families (WCSPF), and the International demism in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands is accounted
Legume Database and Information Service (ILDIS). Once altogether as one unit as these islands belong to the bio-
the initial compilation was completed, we updated the no- geographical unit called the Puerto Rican bank (Acevedo-
menclature and distributions according to modern mono- Rodríguez et al. 1996).
graphs, floras of the New World, and from catalogues such The following distribution categories are recognized
as WCSPF and ILDIS. Families lacking modern treatments in this work: native, endemic, exotic, and cultivated. These
were then sent to various specialists for extensive revision categories are sometimes difficult to apply as conclusive
(see list of contributors). This catalogue is accompanied by data on species origin may be missing. The term exotic is
a searchable website maintained at the Smithsonian Insti- used to denote species known to be introduced that seem
tution (http://botany.si.edu/antilles/WestIndies/), which is to be common or naturalized. The term cultivated is re-
continuously updated to incorporate the latest taxonomi- stricted to species known only under cultivation and not
cal concepts and newly described taxa. The catalogue and self-perpetuating.
the website are designed to work together. The catalogue
provides rough distributions outside of the West Indies for
every accepted scientific name and type information for Diversity
some groups and selected species, e.g., Cyperaceae. The
website allows for numerous searches by family, genus, The West Indies are considered one of the biodiver-
species, common names, island, and endemism status. In sity hotspots with high priority for conservation in the
addition, it contains images of numerous accepted species, World due to its biological richness and the fragility of the
and in the future will have distribution maps and citation
of exsiccatae. Ultimately, we plan to provide type speci-
men information for all accepted species.
For ease of use, this project (catalogue and web pages)
presents families in alphabetical order following the An-
giosperm Phylogeny Group (APG- III) family concepts.
Genera, species, and synonyms are also arranged in alpha-
betical order. Accepted names are in bold face and syn-
onyms italicized.
Where type specimen information is given, herbarium
acronyms follow Index Herbariorum (http://sweetgum
.nybg.org/ih/). Genera flagged with a single (*) asterisk are
endemic while those with a (**) double asterisk are nearly
endemic to the West Indies. Nearly endemic genera are those
where the vast majority of its species are endemic to the re-
gion under consideration. In most cases, basionyms are pro-
vided only for native species. A number was given to each
reference cited and these correspond to the numbers listed
under each accepted name. A species was excluded if no
specimen record was found to substantiate it or it was based
on a secondary reference. These are listed alphabetically
at the end of each family treatment. In order to facilitate
searches of genera (which are currently recognized in fami-
lies different from their traditional circumscription), an in-
dex to generic names is provided at the end of the catalogue.
The catalogue provides distributions of the accepted
taxa within the Greater and the Lesser Antilles, but not
within the Bahamas. Distributions of taxa known to oc- Map 2. Lesser Antilles.
cur in both Dominican Republic and Haiti are presented
vi • smithsonian contributions to botany
Map 3. Greater Antilles.
e cosystem (Myers et al., 2000; Mittermeier et al., 2004). gion. There are no endemic families of seed plants in the
In 2008, Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong estimated for West Indies, although in the past, Picrodendraceae and
the first time the total percentage of endemism exhibited Goetzeaceae were considered endemic. However, molecular
by the seed plants of this region to be nearly 72%. Ad- phylogenetic studies have shown them to be nested within
ditional years of data refinements and analyses confirm Euphorbiaceae and Solanaceae, respectively, and therefore
our original estimates (Table 1), with a slight decrease, not meriting recognition at the family level. A list of the
and the figure is closer to 71%. Endemism is tallied by ten most species-rich families is presented in Table 3, these
island in the case of Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica; as contributing to nearly 60% of the native taxa of the region.
biotic region in the case of Puerto Rico and the Virgin There are a total of 2,034 genera of seed plants re-
Islands; or as an archipelago in the case of Bahamas and ported for the West Indies, of which 1,474 are considered
the Lesser Antilles. indigenous, and 183 endemic (+10 nearly endemic), ac-
The West Indies contain a total of 208 families of counting for 12.4% of generic endemism (Table 1). The
seed plants of which only 183 are indigenous to the re- endemic genera are represented by 950 species, these con-
Table 1. Seed Plant Floristic and Endemism Estimates per Archipelago or Island.
(Values in parentheses represent number of endemic taxa.)
Percent of Percent of
Number generic Total Native endemic
Island(s) Families of genera endemism taxa taxa taxa
Bahamas 127 507 (0) 0% 1337 1068 (101) 9.4%

Cuba 195 1210 (65) 5.3% 6567 5778 (2980) 51.3%
Hispaniola 185 1102 (31) 2.9% 5430 4433 (1881) 41.9%
Jamaica 164 810 (6) 0.7% 3175 2495 (805) 32.4%
Puerto Rico & VIa 163 792 (1) 0.1% 3243 2108 (292) 13.6%
Lesser Antilles 163 765 (1) 0.1% 2656 1946 (263) 13.8%
West Indies 183 1474 (182) 12.4% 12,200 10,401 (7383) 71%
a
VI = Virgin Islands.
number 9 8 • vii
Table 2. Ten Most Diverse Families of Seed Plants Native to the West Indies.
(Numbers indicate taxa (species plus infra species) or genera.)
Number Number Number Number

of native of endemic of native of endemic
Family taxa taxa Family genera genera
Rubiaceae 856 730 Asteraceae 145 41

Asteraceae 660 489 Orchidaceae 111 12
Orchidaceae 644 437 Poaceae 96 8
Leguminosae 587 319 Rubiaceae 89 27
Myrtaceae 530 301 Fabaceae 89 10
Euphorbiaceae 398 314 Euphorbiaceae 56 11
Melastomataceae 429 373 Scrophulariaceae 31 4
Poaceae 435 130 Malvaceae 31 2
Cyperaceae 329 91 Melastomataceae 28 3
Urticaceae 256 235 Apocynaceae 23 2
tributing only 9% of the total native seed plant diversity

in the region. The most diverse genera in the West Indies Table 3. Ten Most Species-Rich Genera in the West Indies.
are those with wide distributions, ranging throughout the
Neotropics. A list of the ten most species-rich indigenous Native Endemic Percent
genera is provided in Table 3. Most of the taxa in these Genus taxa taxa endemism
genera are endemic and correspond to the most diverse
families in the West Indies. Eugenia 228 207 91%
Pilea 212 202 95%
The current estimate for total number of seed plant
Psychotria 127 103 80%
taxa (species and infra species level) in the West Indies is
Rondeletia 145 145 100%
12,280, a number that includes exotics and commonly
Calyptranthes 126 122 97%
cultivated plants. The total number of indigenous taxa Miconia 125 95 76%
however, is approximately 10,470 of which 7,446 are Lepanthes 121 119 98%
endemic to the archipelago or part of it, contributing to Peperomia 104 69 67%
71% endemism for the West Indies. Varronia 66 59 89%
Rhynchospora 105 38 36%
Symbols and Abbreviations Used

in the Catalogue
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez and Mark T. Strong, Department of Botany,
* = Endemic genus National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 166,
** = Nearly endemic P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA.
CeNBIO = Centro Nacional de Biodiversidad de Cuba. Correspondence: P. Acevedo, acevedop@si.edu.
IUCN = International Union for Conservation of Nature Manuscript received 7 February 2011; accepted 12 July 2011.
viii • smithsonian contributions to botany
Table 4. Number of Taxa in each Family.

(Total/native/endemic.)
Acanthaceae 181/126/110 Clusiaceae 46/46/42 Lentibulariaceae 30/30/13 Polemoniaceae 2/1/0

Adoxaceae 8/7/7 Colchicaceae 1/0/0 Linaceae 8/6/3 Polygalaceae 35/35/24
Aizoaceae 8/6/2 Combretaceae 30/23/16 Linderniaceae 20/16/11 Polygonaceae 103/83/70
Alismataceae 17/17/1 Commelinaceae 30/22/5 Loasaceae 5/5/2 Pontederiaceae 11/9/0
Alstroemeriaceae 2/2/0 Connaraceae 6/6/3 Loganiaceae 9/8/2 Portulacaceae 27/25/14
Amaranthaceae 88/65/15 Convolvulaceae 157/135/63 Loranthaceae 38/38/37 Potamogetonaceae 10/9/0
Amaryllidaceae 46/22/14 Costaceae 10/5/1 Lythraceae 45/34/19 Primulaceae 110/105/92
Anacardiaceae 35/28/22 Crassulaceae 18/0/0 Magnoliaceae 16/14/14 Proteaceae 3/0/0
Annonaceae 51/46/41 Cucurbitaceae 40/23/10 Malpighiaceae 154/147/130 Putranjivaceae 10/9/7
Apiaceae 23/9/3 Cunoniaceae 2/2/1 Malvaceae 276/194/82 Ranunculaceae 14/11/7
Apocynaceae 255/2246/191 Cupressaceae 12/6/6 Marantaceae 10/3/1 Rhamnaceae 82/78/71
Apodanthaceae 1/1/0 Cycadaceae 3/1/1 Marcgraviaceae 15/14/13 Rhizophoraceae 6/6/4
Aquifoliaceae 40/40/34 Cyclanthaceae 6/5/3 Martyniaceae 2 /2/0 Rosaceae 52/21/18
Araceae 74/46/14 Cymodoceaceae 2/2/0 Mayacaceae 2/2/1 Rubiaceae 887/850/725
Araliaceae 51/39/29 Cyperaceae 360/329/91 Melastomataceae 439/429/373 Ruppiaceae 3/3/0
Araucariaceae 5/0/0 Cyrillaceae 11/11/10 Meliaceae 33/24/10 Rutaceae 111/91/74
Arecaceae 165/136/121 Dichapetalaceae 5/5/5 Menispermaceae 17/15/13 Sabiaceae 7/7/7
Aristolochiaceae 39/32/27 Dilleniaceae 19/18/1 Menyanthaceae 2/2/1 Salicaceae 99/89/72
Asparagaceae 64/39/38 Dioscoreaceae 35/26/23 Molluginaceae 10/9/7 Santalaceae 61/61/45
Asteraceae 773/660/489 Dipsacaceae 1/0/0 Moraceae 55/32/15 Sapindaceae 106/100/69
Balanophoraceae 2/2/1 Droseraceae 5/4/1 Moringaceae 1/0/0 Sapotaceae 65/59/45
Balsaminaceae 2/0/0 Ebenaceae 18/17/13 Muntingiaceae 1/0/0 Sarraceniaceae 2/0/0
Basellaceae 4/1/0 Elaeocarpaceae 19/19/8 Musaceae 5/0/0 Saxifragaceae 2/0/0
Bataceae 1/1/0 Elatinaceae 2/2/1 Myricaceae 12/12/10 Schisandraceae 10/10/9
Begoniaceae 55/42/39 Ericaceae 55/53/50 Myristicaceae 2/0/0 Schlegeliaceae 4/4/3
Berberidaceae 1/0/0 Eriocaulaceae 31/31/25 Myrtaceae 559/530/301 Schoepfiaceae 11/11/10
Bignoniaceae 121/98/83 Erythroxylaceae 33/32/25 Nartheciaceae 1/1/0 Scrophulariaceae 17/11/8
Bixaceae 2/1/0 Euphorbiaceae 431/398/314 Nelumbonaceae 2/1/0 Simaroubaceae 19/19/13
Boraginaceae 208/198/160 Fagaceae 5/1/1 Nyctaginaceae 50/46/33 Siparunaceae 1/1/1
Brassicaceae 43/13/4 Frankeniaceae 1/1/1 Nymphaeaceae 13/11/1 Smilacaceae 17/15/8
Bromeliaceae 147/142/78 Garryaceae 1/1/1 Ochnaceae 24/22/17 Solanaceae 183/150/101
Brunelliaceae 4/4/4 Gentianaceae 35/33/20 Olacaceae 4/4/2 Staphyleaceae 4/3/2
Burmanniaceae 9/9/2 Geraniaceae 10/1/0 Oleaceae 38/25/21 Stegnospermataceae 1/1/0
Burseraceae 24/23/21 Gesneriaceae 134/124/114 Onagraceae 34/30/7 Strelitziaceae 1/0/0
Buxaceae 45/45/45 Goodeniaceae 4/2/1 Orchidaceae 648/644/437 Styracaceae 4/4/3
Cabombaceae 3/3/0 Haemodoraceae 3/3/1 Orobanchaceae 15/15/4 Surianaceae 1/1/0
Cactaceae 110/96/71 Haloragaceae 9/7/1 Oxalidaceae 17/14/5 Symplocaceae 18/18/17
Calceolariaceae 3/0/0 Heliconiaceae 10/2/1 Pandanaceae 8/0/0 Tamaricaceae 3/0/0
Calophyllaceae 11/9/8 Hernandiaceae 5/5/4 Papaveraceae 5/3/0 Theaceae 18/18/18
Campanulaceae 64/64/57 Hydrocharitaceae 17/12/0 Passifloraceae 77/66/38 Thymelaeaceae 26/26/24
Canellaceae 7/7/6 Hydroleaceae 2/2/1 Pedaliaceae 1/0/0 Tovariaceae 1/1/1
Cannabaceae 10/9/5 Hypericaceae 24/23/20 Pentaphylacaceae 41/41/39 Tropaeolaceae 1/0/0
Cannaceae 6/3/0 Hypoxidaceae 5/4/1 Phrymaceae 1/0/0 Typhaceae 1/1/0
Capparaceae 29/29/14 Icacinaceae 6/6/5 Phyllanthaceae 131/119/100 Ulmaceae 3/3/2
Caprifoliaceae 7/4/3 Iridaceae 17/8/1 Phytolaccaceae 10/9/2 Urticaceae 265/245/236
Caricaceae 1/0/0 Juglandaceae 2/1/1 Picramniaceae 11/11/8 Verbenaceae 101/89/57
Caryophyllaceae 22/19/6 Juncaceae 8/8/1 Picrodendraceae 1/1/1 Violaceae 14/11/10
Casuarinaceae 4/0/0 Juncaginaceae 1/1/0 Pinaceae 7/5/5 Vitaceae 24/16/8
Celastraceae 84/84/71 Krameriaceae 1/1/0 Piperaceae 169/162/116 Xanthorrhoeaceae 6/0/0
Ceratophyllaceae 4/3/0 Lacistemataceae 1/1/0 Pittosporaceae 1/0/0 Xyridaceae 17/17/8
Chloranthaceae 6/6/6 Lamiaceae 229/176/138 Plantaginaceae 63/44/22 Zamiaceae 6/5/4
Chrysobalanaceae 13/11/3 Lauraceae 75/71/61 Plumbaginaceae 6/3/2 Zingiberaceae 22/7/5
Cistaceae 2/2/1 Lecythidaceae 6 /1/0 Poaceae 664/435/130 Zygophyllaceae 8/6/2
Cleomaceae 17/12/5 Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Podocarpaceae 6/5/5
Clethraceae 19/19/18 849/588/320 Podostemaceae 4/4/1
New Names, Combinations, and
Typifications Made in the Catalogue
Anastraphia sessilis (Alain) Ventosa & V.A. Funk, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Aristolochia oblongata Jacq. subsp. maestrensis (R. Rankin) Acev.-Rodr., comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Bunchosia urbaniana Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Cardiospermum corindum L. var. leptocarpum (Radlk.) Ferrucci, comb. & stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
Cenchrus orientalis (Rich.) Morrone subsp. triflorum (Nees ex Steud.) Acev.-Rodr. & M.T. Strong, comb. &
stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
Chionanthus bumelioides (Griseb.) Stearn subsp. lanceolatus (Knobl.) Acev.-Rodr., comb. & stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . 616
Clidemia eggersii Michelangeli & Bécquer comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Clidemia rubrinervis (Naudin) Griseb. subsp. divaricata (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Michelangeli, Bécquer,
& Acev.-Rodr., comb. & stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
Coccoloba alainii Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770
Coulteria linnaei (Griseb.) Acev.-Rodr., comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Croton brittonii Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Cyperus ekmanii Kük. (lectotypification). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Cyperus flavamariscus Griseb. (lectotypification). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Deguelia rariflora (Mart. ex Benth.) G.P. Lewis & Acev.-Rodr., comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. subsp. elaeagnoides (Rudolphi ex Ledeb. & Adlerstam) Acev.-Rodr., comb.
& stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876
Duranta arida Britton & P. Wilson subsp. domingensis (Urb.) Acev.-Rodr., comb. & stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932
Encyclia brevifolia (Jenn.) Ackerman & Múj. Benítez, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
Epidendrum caribiorum Ackerman & Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. bahamensis (Millsp.) Govaerts, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Euploca microphylla (Sw. ex Wikstr.) Feuillet, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Euploca pedicellaris (Urb. & Ekman) Feuillet, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Galium guadalupense (Spreng.) Govaerts, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
Goodyera corniculata (Rchb. f.) Ackerman, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
Inga sastreana Acev.-Rodr., S. Carrington & T.D. Penn., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Justicia grisebachiana Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Justicia stearnii V.A.W. Graham var. maestrensis (Urb.) Acev.-Rodr. comb. nov.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) H. Hara subsp. angustissima (Helwig) Acev.-Rodr., comb. & stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . 621
Lycianthes testacea (O.E. Schulz) S. Knapp, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904
Machaerina effusa (Griseb.) M.T. Strong, comb. & stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Malaxis dodii Acev.-Rodr. & Ackerman, nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
Maytenus ekmaniana Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Metastelma alainii Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Metastelma sigmoideum (Correll) Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Metastelma woodsonii Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Micranthemum longipes (Urb.) Acev.-Rodr., comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Minuartia ekmaniana (Urb.) Acev.-Rodr., comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
x • smithsonian contributions to botany
Myriopus microphyllus (Bert. ex Spreng.) Feuillet, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Myriopus parvifolius (Alain) Feuillet, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Myriopus petionvillae (Urb. & Ekman) Feuillet, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Myriopus stenophyllus (Urb.) Feuillet, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Myriopus suffruticosus (L.) Feuillet, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Odontonema lindavii (Urb.) Acev.-Rodr. comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Ossaea krugii (Cogn.) Michelangeli & Bécquer, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
Passovia jamaicensis (Krug & Urb.) Kuijt, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Passovia lepidobotrys (Griseb.) Kuijt, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Pilea hispaniolana Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924
Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. var. domingensis Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925
Psychotria polymorpha Govaerts, nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833
Psychotria tubulocubensis Govaerts, nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834
Rhynchospora brevirostris Griseb. (lectotypification) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Rhynchospora cernua Griseb. (lectotypification). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Rhynchospora fuscoides C.B. Clarke ex Britton (lectotypification) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Schoepfia paradoxa (Bisse & Berazaín) Berazaín ex Acev.-Rodr., comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893
Scleria hirtella Sw. subsp. interrupta (Rich.) M.T. Strong, comb. & stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Serjania mexicana (L.) Willd. (lectotypification) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879
Serjania sinuata Schumach (lectotypification). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880
Varronia bifurcata (Roem. & Schult.) Feuillet, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Varronia portoricensis (Spreng.) Feuillet, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Vriesea proctorii (Cedeño-Mald.) Acev.-Rodr., comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Contributors and Reviewers
James D. Ackerman Gwilym P. Lewis
Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Herbarium, Library, Archives & Art,
P.O. Box 23360, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3360 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,
Orchidaceae Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, United Kingdom
Leguminosae (Caesalpinoideae, Faboideae)
Eldis R. Bécquer-Granados
Jardín Botánico Nacional, Universidad de la Habana, Fabian Michelangeli
Unidad de Ciencia y Técnica Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical
Carretera del Rocío, Km 3½, Calabazar, Garden, 200th St. & Southern Blvd., Bronx,
La Habana, Cuba New York, 10458, U.S.A.
Melastomataceae Melastomataceae
Laurence J. Dorr Paul M. Peterson
Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution,
P.O. Box 37012, Washington DC, 20013, U.S.A. P.O. Box 37012, Washington DC, 20013, U.S.A.
Malvaceae Poaceae
Mary E. Endress Harold Robinson
Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution,
Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland P.O. Box 37012, Washington DC, 20013, U.S.A.
Apocynaceae: Traditional Apocynaceae genera. Asteraceae
Christian Feuillet Laurence Skog
Boraginaceae; Passifloraceae Gesneriaceae
Vicki A. Funk Stephen Smith
Asteraceae Poaceae
Sandra Knapp Robert J. Soreng
Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution,
Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom P.O. Box 37012, Washington DC, 20013, U.S.A.
Solanaceae Poaceae
Alexander Krings Jun Wen
Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution,
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7612, P.O. Box 37012, Washington DC, 20013, U.S.A.
U.S.A. Araliaceae
Apocynaceae; Asclepiadoideae
Job Kuijt
Department of Biology, University of Victoria,
P.O. Box 3020 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia
V8W 3N5, Canada
Loranthaceae; Santalaceae
Acknowledgments
N
umerous colleagues have contributed in one way or another to the completion of this project since its incep-
tion more than a decade ago. Marilyn Hansel began the first database, entering several thousand records for
names extracted from major Caribbean floristic treatments. Sylvia Orli developed and formalized the website
version of the Catalogue. Chris Tuccinardi helped on numerous occasions with the merging and migration of
database files, as well as in the creation of various queries to proofread the data or to obtain importance values of taxa.
Likewise Ellen Farr helped with database structure and the development of efficient models on which to collect floristic
and bibliographical data. Fiona Wilkinson added numerous recent taxonomic records to the database. Jamie Whitacre
compiled the common names from the West Indian botanical literature. Dan Cole created the West Indian maps; Dr. Dan
Nicolson answered numerous questions regarding nomenclature and Araceae literature.
Specialists either from Smithsonian or other institutions provided substantial assistance by addressing numerous ques-
tions on collections, nomenclature, phylogeny, and taxonomy of various taxa, these include Drs. Frank Axelrod (UPRRP),
Paul E. Berry (MICH), Douglas C. Daly (NY), Piero G. Delprete (CAY), Laurence J. Dorr (US), Kanchi N. Gandhi (HUH),
Jacquelyn Kallunki (NY), Eve Lucas (K), James Luteyn (NY), Vivian Negrón-Ortiz (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), Guy
Nesom (BRIT), Richard Olmstead (WTU), Rosa Rankin (HAJB), Susanne Renner (M), Dan Skean (ALBC), Warren L.
Wagner (US), John Wiersema (USDA-GRIN), and Kenneth Wurdack (US).
John D.H. Smith (Theatrum Botanicum, UK) sent numerous corrections for plants listed for the British Virgin Islands,
Roger Graveson (St. Lucia) reported new records for St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles). Dr. Francisco Cejas Rodríguez (Centro
Nacional de Biodiversidad, Cuba), sent an exhaustive list of corrections for the flora of Cuba. Dr. Sean Carrington (Uni-
versity of the West Indies) reviewed the status of taxa regarded endemic to the Lesser Antilles, Sara Alexander (US) queried
our data base and provided several spelling corrections; Richard Worthington (UTEP), Miguel Vives (Puerto Rico), and
Rubén Padrón (Puerto Rico) sent specimen records of new additions to the flora of Puerto Rico. Drs. Christian Feuillet
(US), John T. Kartesz (BONAP), and Peter M. Jørgensen (MO) meticulously reviewed and made numerous corrections
and suggestions to the manuscript. Finally, we thank Dr. Rob Naczi (NY) for identifying some Dominican Republic Carex.
Grants from the USDA Invasive Species Initiative and from the Office of Latino Initiatives at NMNH, contributed
funding toward the compilation of vernacular names published for the Caribbean region.
References
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P., & Mark T. Strong. 2008. Floristic Richness and Affinities in the West Indies. Bot. Rev. 74: 5–36.
International Legume Database and Information Service (2005–2010). School of Plant Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom. http//www
.ildis.org
The International Plant Names Index (2005–2010). http://www.ipni.org
Mittermeier, R.A., R.R. Gil, M. Hoffman, J. Pilgrim, T. Brooks, C.G. Mittermeier, J. Lamoreux & G.A.B. da Fonseca (eds.). 2004. Hotspots Revisited:
Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Threatened Terrestrial Ecoregions. CEMEX, Mexico, DF.
Myers, N., R.A. Mittermeier, C.G. Mittermeier, G.A.B. da Fonseca & J. Kent. 2000. Biodiversity Hotspots for Conservation Priorities. Nature 403:
853–858.
World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2005–2010). The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.Kew.org/wcsp/
References Cited in the Catalogue
1. Howard, R.A. 1974–1989. Vols. 1–6. Flora of the Lesser Antilles. 28. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M.T. Strong. 2005. Monocotyledons and
Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. Jamaica Plain, MA. Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contr. U.S.
2. AdaM.S., C.D. 1972. Flowering Plants of Jamaica. University of the Natl. Herb. 52: 1–415.
West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. 848 pp. 29. Berazaín Iturralde, R. 1992. Clethraceae. Flora de la República de
3. León, F. 1946. Flora de Cuba. Havana; León, F. & H. Alain, 1951– Cuba. Fontqueria 35: 11–18.
1957. Flora de Cuba. Havana. 30. Urban, I. 1898–1928. Symbolae Antillanae. Vols. 1–9. Berlin,
4. Proctor, G.T. 1984. Flora of the Cayman Islands. Kew Bull. Addit. Ser. Leipzig, Germany.
11: i–xii, 1–834. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London. 31. Nicolson, D.H., R.A. DeFilipps, A.C. Nicolson, and others. 1991.
5. Barker, H.D. & W.S. Dardeau. 1930. La Flore d’Haiti. Port-au-Prince. Flora of Dominica, Part 2: Dicotyledoneae. Smithsonian Contribu-
456 pp. tions to Botany, No. 77. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washing-
6. Liogier, A.H. & L.F. Martorell. 1982, 2000. Flora of Puerto Rico and ton, DC. 274 pp.
Adjacent Islands: A Systematic Synopsis. Editorial de la Universi- 32. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and climbing plants of Puerto
dad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 51: 1–483.
7. Liogier, A.H. 1981–1988. La Flora de la Española. Univ. Central de 33. Zona, S. 1995. A revision of Calyptronoma. Principes 39: 140–151.
Este, San Pedro de Macorís. Taller, República Dominicana. 34. Zona, S. 1990. A monograph of Sabal. Aliso 12: 583–666.
8. Castillo, D.A. & R. García. 1997. Ejemplares tipo en el herbario 35. García, R., M. Mejía, B. Peguero, J. Salazar & F. Jiménez. 2002.
JBSD, Jardín Botánico Nacional “Dr. Rafael M. Moscoso,” Santo Flora y vegetación del parque nacional del Este, República Domini-
Domingo, República Dominicana. Moscosoa 9: 26–61. cana. Moscosoa 13: 22–58.
9. Leiva, A. 1992. Loranthaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba. Font- 36. Grisebach, A.H.R. 1859–1864. Flora of the British West Indian Is-
queria 34: 1–16. lands. Lovell Reeve & Co., London. 789 pp.
10. Catasus Guerra, L. 1997. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, I. Font- 37. Moscoso, R.M. 1943. Catalogus Florae Domingensis. Universidad
queria 46: [i–ii], 1–259. de Santo Domingo, L. & S. Printing, New York.
11. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 1984. Nuevo record para el Nogal de las An- 38. Adams, R.P. 1989. Biogeography and evolution of the junipers of the
tillas (Juglans jamaicensis C.DC.) en Puerto Rico. Caribbean J. Sci. West Indies. In Biogeography of the West Indies, ed. C.A. Woods,
20: 69–70. pp. 167–190. Sand Hill Crane Press, Gainesville, FL. 878 pp.
12. Barreto Valdés, A. 1998. Las Leguminosas de Cuba, I and II. Col- 39. Berazaín Iturralde, R., F. Areces Berazaín, J.C. Lazcano Lara & L.R.
lecteana Bot. 24: 6–332. González Torres. 2005. Lista roja de la flora vascular de Cubana.
13. Fernández Casas, F.J. 1998. Las Loganiáceas de Cuba. Collecteana Documentos del Jardín Botánico Atlántico (Gijón) 4: 1–86.
Bot. 24: 333–384. 40. Proctor, G.R. 1996. Additions and corrections to the flora of the
14. Taylor, C.M. 2005. Margaritopsis (Rubiaceae, Psychotria) in the Cayman Islands. Kew Bull. 51: 483–507.
Neotropics. Syst. Geogr. Pl. 75: 161–177. 41. Guala, G.F., F.J. Burton, G.R. Proctor & S.P. Clifford. 2002. Addi-
15. Fryxell, P.A. 2002. Abutilon Nomenclator (Malvaceae). Lundellia tions to the flora of the Cayman Islands. Kew Bull. 57: 235–237.
5: 79–118. 42. Nordenstam, B. 2006. New genera and combinations in the Sene-
16. Fryxell, P.A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25. cioneae of the Greater Antilles. Comp. Newsl. 44: 50–73.
1–522. 43. Luer, C.A. 2004. Icones Pleurothallidinarum XXVI. Monogr. Syst.
17. Fryxell, P.A. 1978. Sidus sidarum II. Sida 7: 227–231. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 114–265.
18. Fryxell, P.A. 1985. Sidus sidarum V. Sida 11: 62–91. 44. Beyra, A.M. & M. Lavin. 1999. Monograph of Pictetia
19. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Is- (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) and review of the Aeschynomeneae.
lands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78: 1–581. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 56: 1–93.
20. Borhidi, A. 2001. Revisión taxonómica del género Stevensia. Act. 45. Correll, D.S. & H.B. Correll, 1982. Flora of the Bahama Archipel-
Bot. Hung. 43: 287–298. ago. J. Cramer, FL-9490 Vaduz, Germany. 1692 pp.
21. Skog, L.E. 1976. A Study of the Tribe Gesnerieae with a Revision 46. Pennington, R.T. 2003. Monograph of Andira (Leguminosae-
of Gesneria (Gesneriaceae-Gesnerioideae). Smithsonian Contribu- Papilionoideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 64: 1–143.
tions to Botany, No. 29. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washing- 47. Pennington, T.D. 1990. Sapotaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 52: 1–771.
ton, DC. 182 pp. 48. Kuijt, J., T.A. Carlo & J.E. Aukema. 2005. A new endemic species
22. Zanoni, T.A. & R.G. García. 1994. Casabitoa perfae (Euphorbia- for Puerto Rico: Dendrophthora bermejae (Viscaceae). Contr. Univ.
ceae) a new synonym of Picramnia dictyoneura (Simaroubaceae). Michigan Herb. 24: 115–118.
Brittonia 46: 81–82. 49. Gómez de la Maza, M. 1894. Catálogo de las periantiadas cubanas
23. Todzia, C. 1988. Chloranthaceae: Hedyosmum. Fl. Neotrop. espontáneas y cultivadas. Anales Hist. Nat. 23: 41–71, 267–302.
Monogr. 48: 1–139. 50. Gray, A. 1859. On the genus Croomia and its place in the natural
24. Brandbyge, J. 1990. The genus Leptogonum (Polygonaceae). Nord. system. Mem. Am. Acad. Ser. 2.6: 457.
J. Bot. 10: 487–492. 51. Stearn, W.T. 1971. A survey of the tropical genera Oplonia and
25. Rankin Rodríguez, R. 2001. Variation in Polygala guantanamana, a Psilanthele (Acanthaceae). Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 4:
Cuban endemic species. Willdenowia 31: 425–431. 261–323.
26. Lombardi, J.A. 2000. Vitaceae: gêneros Ampelocissus, Ampelopsis e 52. Rankin Rodríguez, R. 2003. Polygalaceae. Flora de la República de
Cissus. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 80: 1–250. Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 7(1): 1–52.
27. Jérémi, J. et al. 2001. Une nouvelle espece d’Echinodorus de Guade- 53. Radcliffe-Smith, A. 2001. Genera Euphorbiacearum. Royal Botanic
loupe. Adansonia ser. 3 23(2): 191–203. Gardens, Kew, Richmond, U.K. 454 pp.
xiv • smithsonian contributions to botany
54. Agostini, G. 1980. Una nueva clasificación del género Cybianthus 83. Simpson, B. 1989. Krameriaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 49: 1–108.
(Myrsinaceae). Acta Biol. Venez. 10(2): 129–185. 84. Berg, C.C. & P.F. Rosselli. 2005. Cecropia (Cecropiaceae). Fl. Neo-
55. Croziat, L. 1943. Euphorbiaceae Cactaceaeque novae vel criticae trop. Monogr. 94: 1–230.
Colombianae. Caldasia 2: 121–139. 85. Berg, C.C. 2001. Moreae, Artocarpeae, and Dorstenia (Moraceae).
56. Beccari, O. 1912. Calyptrogyne H. Wendl. Pomona Coll. J. Econ. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 83: 1–347.
Bot. 2: 356–361. 86. Berg, C.C. 1972. Olmedieae and Brosimeae (Moraceae). Fl. Neo-
57. Hunt, D.R. 1999. CITES Cactaceae Checklist. Royal Botanic Gar- trop. Monogr. 7: 1–229.
dens, Kew, Richmond, U.K. 87. Sleumer, H.O. 1984. Olacaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 38: 1–159.
58. Liogier, A.H. 1985–1997. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico and Ad- 88. Kuijt, J. 2003. Monograph of Phoradendron. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 66:
jacent Islands. Spermatophyta. Vols. 1–5. Editorial de la Universi- 1–643.
dad de Puerto Rico, Río Piedras. 89. Forero, E. 1983. Connaraceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 36: 1–208.
59. Méndez Santos, I.E. 2003. Verbenaceae. Flora de la República de 90. Anderson, C. 1997. Monograph of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae).
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 7(3): 1–126. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 51: 1–313.
60. Saralegui Boza, H. 2004. Piperaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, 91. Johnston, M.C. & L.A. Johnston. 1978. Rhamnus. Fl. Neotrop.
Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 9(3): 1–94. Monogr. 20: 1–96.
61. Britton, N.L. & P. Wilson. 1923–1926. Botany of Porto Rico and 92. Kaastra, R.C. 1982. Pilocarpinae (Rutaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.
Virgin Islands. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and Virgin Islands. 33: 1–198.
New York Academy of Sciences, New York. 93. Fryxell, P.A. 1999. Pavonia Cavanilles (Malvaceae). Fl. Neotrop.
62. Haynes, R.R. & L. Holm-Nielsen 1994. Alismataceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 76: 1–284.
Monogr. 64: 1–112. 94. Leuenberger, B.E. 1986. Pereskia (Cactaceae). Mem. New York Bot.
63. Mai, D.H. 2003. Styracaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie Gard. 41: 1–141.
A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 7(2): 1–9. 95. Arbo, M.M. 1995. Turneraceae. Parte 1 Piriqueta. Fl. Neotrop.
64. Gentry, A.H. 1992. Bignoniaceae Part 2 (Tribe Tecomae). Fl. Neo- Monogr. 67: 1–157.
trop. Monogr. 25(2): 1–370. 96. Prance, G.T. & S. Mori. 1979. Lecythidaceae-Part 1. Fl. Neotrop.
65. Berazaín Iturralde, R. 2006. Notes on the taxonomy and distribu- Monogr. 21: 1–272.
tion of the Ochnaceae in the Greater Antilles. Willdenowia 36: 97. Mori, S. & G.T. Prance. 1990. Lecythidaceae-Part 2. Fl. Neotrop.
455–462. Monogr. 21(II): 1–376.
66. Leiva Sánchez, A. 2006. Notes on Cuban native palms. Willdenowia 98. Sleumer, H.O. 1980. Flacourtiaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 22:
36: 507–513. 1–500.
67. Cogniaux, A. 1886. Melastomataceae and Cucurbitaceae. Jahrb. 99. Morley, T. 1976. Memecyleae (Melastomataceae). Fl. Neotrop.
Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 276–285. Monogr. 15: 1–296.
68. Anderson, E.F. 2001. The Cactus Family. Timber Press, Portland, 100. Norman, E. 2000. Budddlejaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 81: 1–225.
OR. 776 pp. 101. Luteyn, J.L. (ed.). 1995. Ericaceae part II, The superior-ovaried
69. Arias Granda, I. 1998. Araceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie genera. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 66: 1–560.
A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 1(1): 1–46. 102. Maas, P.J.M. & P. Ruyters. 1986. Voyria and Voyriella (Sapro-
70. Pennington, T.D. 1981. Meliaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 28: 1–470. phytic Gentianaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 41: 1–93.
71. Beyra, A., G. Reyes Artiles & L. Hernández. 2004. Sinopsis pre- 103. Knapp, S. 2002. Solanum sect. Geminata (Solanaceae). Fl. Neo-
liminar de los géneros Herpyza C. Wright y Dioclea K. Kunth trop. Monogr. 84: 1–405.
(Leguminosae-Papillionideae) en Cuba. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 104. Gentry, A. 1980. Bignoniaceae, Part 1 (Crescentieae and Tourret-
27: 313–322. tieae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 25: 1–130.
72. Beyra, A. & G. Reyes Artiles. 2004. Revisión taxonómica de los 105. Hansen, B. 1980. Balanophoraceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 23: 1–80.
géneros Phaseolus y Vigna (Leguminosae-Papilionoidae) en Cuba. 106. Poppendieck, H. 1981. Cochlospermaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.
Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 6(12): 135–154. 27: 1–34.
73. Beyra, A., G. Reyes Artiles, L. Hernández Valdés & P.H. Oliver. 2004. 107. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. 1994. A Revision of Tabernaemontana. The
Revisión taxonómica del género Canavalia DC. (Leguminosae- New World species and Stemmadenia. Royal Botanical Gardens,
Papilonoideae) en Cuba. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 28: 157–175. Kew and Wageningen Agricultural University. 450 pp.
74. Rankin Rodríguez, R. & F. Areces Berazaín. 2005. Contribución a 108. Luckow, M. 1993. Monograph of Desmanthus (Leguminosae-
la actualización taxonómica y localización geográfica de especies Mimosoideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 38: 1–166.
amenazadas y endémicas en Cuba I. Rev. Jard. Bot. Nac. 24(1–2): 109. Lavin, M. & M. Sousa S. 1995. Phylogenetic systematics and bioge-
81–128. ography of the tribe Robinieae (Leguminosae). Syst. Bot. Monogr.
75. Stahl, A. 1883–1888. Estudios sobre la flora de Puerto-Rico. Fol- 45: 1–165.
leto I–VI. Tip. El Asimilista, San Juan (Folleto I); Tip. González and 110. Lavin, M. 1993. Systematics of Coursetia (Leguminosae-
Cía, San Juan (Folleto II–VI). Puerto Rico. Papilionoidae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 21: 1–167.
76. Cabral, E.L. & N.M. Bacigalupo. 2005. Novelties in Spermacoceae 111. Lavin, M. 1993. Biogeography and systematics of Poitea (Legumi-
(Rubiaceae) from Bolivia and Paraguay. Brittonia 57: 129–140. nosae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 37: 1–87.
77. Durán, R., G. Campos et al. 2000. Listado Florístico de la Península 112. Villaseñor J.L. & F.J. Espinosa-García. 2004. The alien flowering
de Yucatán. Impresiones Profesionales del Sureste, S.A. de C.V. plants of Mexico. Diversity and Distribution 10(2): 113–123.
78. Meyer, F.K. 2000. Resivion der gattung Malpighia. Phanerog. 113. Schnell, C.E. 1996. The genus Conostegia. Unpublished Doctoral
Monogr. 23: 1–630. dissertation. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
79. Rohwer, J.G. 1993. Araceae: Nectandra. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 114. Barneby, R. & J. Grimes. 1996. Silk tree, Guanacaste, Monkey’s
1–332. Earring. Part 1. Abarema, Albizia, and allies. Mem. New York Bot.
80. Balslev, H. 1996. Juncaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 68: 1–168. Gard. 74(1): 1–292.
81. Prance, G.T. 1972. Chrysobalanaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 1–410. 115. Barneby, R. & J. Grimes. 1997. Silk tree, Guanacaste, Monkey’s
82. Prance, G.T. 1989. Chrysobalanaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: Earring. Part 2. Pithecellobium, Cojoba, and Zygia. Mem. New
1–267. York Bot. Gard. 74(2): 1–161.
number 9 8 • xv
116. Barneby, R. 1998. Silk tree, Guanacaste, Monkey’s Earring. Part 3. 145. Barneby, R. 1991. Sensitivae censitae. Mem. New York Bot. Gard.
Calliandra. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(3): 1–223. 65: 1–835.
117. Kükenthal, G. 1949–1951. Vorarbeiten zu einer monographie der 146. Ståhl, B. 1995. A synopsis of Jacquinia (Theophrastaceae) in the
Rhynchosporideae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 74(3): 375–509. 1949; 75(1): Antilles and South America. Nordic J. Bot. 15: 493–511.
90–126. 1950; 75(2): 127–195. 1950; 75(3): 273–314. 1951. 147. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. 2008. The Board of
118. Irwin, H.S. & R.C. Barneby. 1982. The American Cassiinae: A syn- Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Website: apps.kew.
optical revision of Leguminosae tribe Cassieae subtribe Cassiinae in org/wcsp/home.do
the New World. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35(1): 1–454. 148. Skog, L.E. & J.K. Boggan. 2007. World Checklist of Gesneriaceae.
119. Irwin, H.S. & R.C. Barneby. 1982. The American Cassiinae: A syn- Washington, DC: Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution.
optical revision of Leguminosae tribe Cassieae subtribe Cassiinae Website: botany.si.edu/gesneriaceae/checklist/
in the New World. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35(2): 455–918. 149. Original publication consulted.
120. Steudel, E.G. 1855. Synopsis Plantarum Glumacearum 2. J.B. Met- 150. Wunderlin, R.P. & B.F. Hansen. 2004. Atlas of Florida Vascular
zler, Stuttgart. Plants. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida,
121. Seigler, D. & J.E. Ebinger. 2005. New combinations in the genus Tampa. Website: www.plantatlas.usf.edu
Vachellia from the New World. Phytologia 87(3): 139–178. 151. Tropicos.org. 2008. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Website:
122. Seigler, D., J.E. Ebinger & J.T. Miller. 2006. The genus Senegalia www.tropicos.org
from the New World. Phytologia 88(1): 38–93. 152. The International Plant Names Index (IPNI). 2008. Website: www
123. Liogier, A.H. 2000. Diccionario botánico de nombres vulgares de la .ipni.org
Española. J. Bot. Nacional, Sto. Domingo. 153. Clubbe, C., M. Gilman, P. Acevedo-Rodríguez & R. Walker. 2004.
124. Grisebach, A.H.R. 1866. Catalogus Plantarum Cubensium. Lip- Abundance distribution and conservation significance of regionally
siae, Germany. 301 pp. endemic plant species on Anegada, British Virgin Islands. Oryx 38:
125. Gardiner, J., L.J.K. Brace & C.S. Dolley. 1889. Provisional list of 342–346.
the plants of the Bahama Islands. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel- 154. USDA, NRCS. 2008. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data
phia 49: 131–426. Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Website: http://plants
126. Hitchcock, A.S. 1893. List of plants collected in the Bahamas, Ja- .usda.gov
maica, and Grand Cayman. Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 155. Mathieu, G. 2001–2007. Taxonomic Repertory of the Genus Pep-
47–179. eromia. Website: www.peperomia.net
127. Taylor, P. 1989. The genus Utricularia, a taxonomic monograph. 156. The C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium. 2003. Vascular Plants Type
Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 14: 1–724. Catalog. New York Botanical Garden. Website: sciweb.nybg.org/
128. Mory, B. 2001. Notes on Crossopetalum, Myginda and Gyminda science2/hcol/vasc/index.asp
(Celastraceae) from Cuba. Willdenovia 31: 129–135. 157. Murphy, H. 1986. A revision of the genus Fischeria (Asclepiada-
129. Bässler, M. 1985. Mimosa in Cuba. Feddes Repert. 96: 581–611. ceae). Syst. Bot. 11(1): 229–241.
130. Díaz Dumas, M. 1985. Pisonia en Cuba. Feddes Repert. 96: 613–620. 158. International Legume Database and Information Service (ILDIS).
131. Otero, J.I., R.A. Toro & Pagán de Otero. 1945. Catalogo de los 2005–2010. School of Plant Sciences, University of Reading, U.K.
nombres vulgares y científicos de algunas plantas puertorriqueñas. Website: www.ildis.org
2nd ed. Universidad de Puerto Rico. 281 pp. 159. USDA, ARS. 2008. National Genetic Resources Program. Germ-
132. Roig y Mesa, J.T. 1988. Diccionario botánico de nombres vulgares plasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) [Online Database].
cubanos. Havana: Editorial Científico-Técnica. 1142 pp. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD. www
133. Rankin Rodríguez, R. 1998. Aristolochiaceae. Flora de la República .ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl?language=en
de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 1(2): 1–39. 160. Axelrod, F. 2011. A systematic vademecum to the vascular plants of
134. Britton, N.L. 1908–1926. Studies of West Indian Plants. Contribu- Puerto Rico. Sida Botanical Miscellany 34: 1–428.
tions from the New York Botanical Garden, New York. 161. Taxonomic specialist consulted.
135. Skean, J.D. 1993. Monograph of Mecranium (Melastomataceae- 162. Freire-Fierro, A. 2002. Monograph of Aciotis (Melastomataceae).
Miconieae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 39: 1–116. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 62: 1–99.
136. Liogier, A.H. 1962. Flora de Cuba. Vol 5. UPR, Río Piedras. 163. Johnson, D.M. & N.A. Murray. 1995. Synopsis of the tribe Bo-
137. Fawcett, W. & A.B. Rendle. 1920. Flora of Jamaica, Containing cageeae (Annonaceae), with revisions of Cardiopetalum, Froesio-
Descriptions of the Flowering Plants Known from the Island. Vols. dendron, Trigynaea, Bocagea, and Hornschuchia. Brittonia 47:
1–5. William Clowes & Sons, London. 369 pp. 248–319.
138. Weaver, R.E. 1972. A revision of Lisianthius (Gentianaceae). J. Ar- 164. Radlkofer, L.T. 1931–1934. Sapindaceae. In Das Pflanzenreich IV,
nold Arb. 53: 234–311. 165 (Heft 98a–h), ed. A. Engler, pp. 1–1539. Wilhelm Engelmann,
139. Rudd, V. 1955. The American species of Aeschynomene. Contr. Leipzig.
U.S. Natl. Herb. 32(1): 1–172. 165. Proctor, G.T. 1982. More additions to the flora of Jamaica. J. Ar-
140. Gottschling, M. & J.S. Miller. 2007. Typification of Bourreria nold Arbor. 63(3): 199–315.
names (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales) based on specimens collected by 166. Killip, E.P. 1938. The American species of Passifloraceae. Publ.
Charles Wright in Cuba. Taxon 56: 237–242. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 19(1): 1–331.
141. Judd, W. 2007. Revision of Miconia Sect. Chaenopleura (Miconiae, 167. Maas, P.J.M. & H. Maas. 1990. Flora vascular de la Isla Española:
Melastomataceae) in the Greater Antilles. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 81: Zingiberaceae. Moscosoa 6: 140–150.
1–235. 168. Indian Bioresources Information Network (IBIN). 2008. Jeeva
142. King, R.M. & H. Robinson. 1987. The genera of the Eupatorieae Sampada. Digital Inventory of Biological Resources of India. Plants
(Asteraceae). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: i–ix, of India. Website: plantsindia.org/plantsindia/index.php
1–581. 169. Castroviejo, S. et al. (eds.). 1986+. Flora Ibérica: Plantas vascula-
143. Thiv, M. 2002. Gentianaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie res de la península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Real Jardín Botánico,
A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 6(1): 1–40. Madrid.
144. Austin, D.F. 1999. The genus Aniseia (Convolvulaceae). Syst. Bot. 170. Yunker, T.G. 1960. Piperaceae of Jamaica. Bull. Inst. Jamaica. Sci.
23: 411–420. Ser. 11: 1–56.
xvi • smithsonian contributions to botany
171. Howard, R.A. 1973. Notes on the Piperaceae of the Lesser Antilles. 200. Fuentes Fiallo, V.R. 2005. Goetzeaceae. Flora de la República de
J. Arnold Arb. 54: 377–411. Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 10(4): 1–25.
172. Fuentes, A.R. 1998. Bombacaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, 201. Albert Puentes, D. 2005. Meliaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba,
Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 1(3): 1–25. Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 10(5): 1–44.
173. Panfet Valdés, C. 1998. Droseraceae. Flora de la República de 202. Rankin Rodríguez, R. 2005. Moringaceae. Flora de la República de
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 1(4): 1–20. Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 10(6): 1–7.
174. González Geigel, L. & J. Bisse. 1998. Linaceae. Flora de la 203. Panfet Valdés, C.M. 2005. Myrsinaceae. Flora de la República de
República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 1(5): 1–14. Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 10(7): 1–44.
175. Bässler, M. 1998. Mimosaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, Se- 204. Fuentes Fiallo, V.R. 2005. Proteaceae. Flora de la República de
rie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 2: 1–201. Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 10(8): 1–12.
176. Sierra Calzado, J. 2000. Begoniaceae. Flora de la República de 205. Mai, D.H. 2005. Symplocaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba,
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 3(1): 1–27. Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 10(9): 1–20.
177. Saralegui Boza, H. 2000. Chloranthaceae. Flora de la República de 206. Berazaín Iturralde, R. 1992. Ericaceae. Flora de la República de
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 3(2): 1–12. Cuba. Fontqueria 35: 19–80.
178. Rodríguez Fuentes, A. 2000. Elaeocarpaceae. Flora de la República 207. Jansen, R.K. 1985. The systematics of Acmella (Asteraceae-
de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 3(3): 1–12. Heliantheae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8: 1–115.
179. Rodríguez Fuentes, A. 2000. Sterculiaceae. Flora de la República de 208. Moreno Rodríguez, E., A. Bermúdez & P.P. Herrera Oliver. 1995.
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 3(4): 1–68. Las plantas y espiritismo cruzado en Cuba Oriental. Fontqueria 47:
180. Rodríguez Fuentes, A. 2000. Tiliaceae. Flora de la República de 289–308.
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 3(5): 1–38. 209. Bogin, C. 1955. Revision of the genus Sagittaria (Alismataceae).
181. Gutiérrez Amaro, J. 2000. Flacourtiaceae. Flora de la República de Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9: 179–233.
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 5(1): 1–76. 210. Mejía P., M.M. 1984. La vegetación y la flora de la cuenca del ar-
182. Urquiola Cruz, A.J., J.R. Aguilar Trujillo, Z.B. Betancourt & M.B. royo parra, Provincia Peravia, República Dominicana. Moscosoa
Gandul. 2000. Haemodoraceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, Se- 3: 127–148.
rie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 5(2): 1–12. 211. Conzatti, C. 1988. Flora taxonómica Mexicana. Vol. 1. Consejo
183. Urquiola Cruz, A.J. & M.B. Gandul. 2000. Haloragaceae. Flora de Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Mexico, D.F.
la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 5(3): 1–11. 212. Adams, R.P. 1995. Revisionary studies of Caribbean species of Ju-
184. Dressler, S. 2000. Marcgraviaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, niperus (Cupressaceae). Phytologia 78: 134–150.
Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 5(4): 1–14. 213. Argus, G.W. 1986. The genus Salix (Salicaceae) in the southeastern
185. Urquiola Cruz, A.J., J.R. Aguilar Trujillo & M.B. Gandul. 2000. United States. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 9: 1–170.
Mayacaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vas- 214. Yuncker, T.G. 1920. Revision of the North American and West In-
culares. Fasc. 5(5): 1–8. dian species of Cuscuta. Univ. Illinois Biol. Monographs 6(2–3):
186. Urquiola Cruz, A.J., E.V. Hernández, J.E. Machín Treche & M.L. 1–142.
López. 2000. Najadaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie A, 215. Chew, W.I. 1965. Laportea and allied genera (Urticaceae). Gard.
Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 5(6): 1–13. Bull. Straits Settlem. 21: 200.
187. Dietrich, H. 2000. Plantaginaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, 216. Rico-Arce, M.L. 2007. American Species of Acacia. CONABIO,
Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 5(7): 1–12. Mexico.
188. Urquiola Cruz, A.J. & R. Novo Carbó. 2000. Podostemaceae. 217. Dod, D.D. 1986. Orquídeas (Orchidaceae) nuevas para la Española
Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. y otras notas. VI. Moscosoa 4: 188–199.
5(8): 1–10. 218. Hoppe J. 1998. Palmas en la República Dominicana. Santo
189. Judd, W.S., J.D. Skean, Jr. & C.K. McMullen. 1990. The Flora of Domingo.
Macaya Biosphere Reserve: Additional taxa, taxonomic and no- 219. Ekman, E.L. 1914. West Indian Vernoniae. Ark. Bot. 13(15):
menclatural changes. Moscosoa 6: 124–133. 1–106.
190. Urquiola Cruz, A.J. & C. Cabrera Rivas. 2000. Ruppiaceae. Flora 220. Mori, S., B. Buck, C. Gracie & M. Tulig. 2008. Plants and Lichens
de la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 5(9): of Saba. New York Botanical Garden. Website: sweetgum.nybg.
1–6. org/saba/index.html
191. Urquiola Cruz, A.J. & R. Kral. 2000. Xyridaceae. Flora de la 221. Miller, J.S. 1989. A revision of the New World species of Ehretia
República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 5(10): 1–27. (Boraginaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 1050–1076.
192. Schaarschmidt, H. 2002. Juglandaceae. Flora de la República de 222. Clubbe, C. & R. Walker. The British Virgin Islands, Botanical Jewel
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 6(2): 1–11. of the Caribbean. Plant Talk 42: 19–23.
193. Greuter, W. 2002. Phytolaccaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, 223. Graveson, R. 2010. The Plants of St. Lucia. Website: www.saint
Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 6(3): 1–37. lucianplants.com/index.html
194. Gutiérrez Amaro, J. 2002. Sapotaceae. Flora de la República de 224. Centro Nacional de Biodiversidad (CeNBio), Cuba. Diversidad
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 6(4): 1–59. Biológica Cubana. Reino Plantae. Website: www.ecosis.cu/cenbio/
195. González Gutiérrez, P.A. & J.S. Calzado. 2004. Aquifoliaceae. diversidadbiotacubana.html
Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 225. Gómez de la Maza, M. 1889. Diccionario botánico de los nombres
9(1): 1–33. vulgares Cubanos y Puerto-Riqueños. Havana. 115 pp.
196. González Géigel, L. 2004. Eriocaulaceae. Flora de la República de 226. Nickrent, D.L., W.H. Eshbaugh & T.K. Wilson. 1988. The Vas-
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 9(2): 1–48. cular Flora of Andros Island, Bahamas. Kendall/Hunt Publishing,
197. Rankin Rodríguez, R. 2005. Capparaceae. Flora de la República de Dubuque, IA. 185 pp.
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 10(1): 1–24. 227. Ackerman, J.D. 1995. An orchid flora of Puerto Rico and the Vir-
198. Rankin Rodríguez, R. 2005. Cleomaceae. Flora de la República de gin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 73: 1–203.
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 10(2): 1–24. 228. Little, E.L., Jr., R.O. Woodbury & F.H. Wadsworth. 1976. Flora
199. Pérez, J. 2005. Dilleniaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie A, of Virgin Gorda (British Virgin Islands). U.S.D.A. Forest Serv. Res.
Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 10(3): 1–25. Pap. ITF-21. 36 pp.
number 9 8 • xvii
229. Millspaugh, C.F. 1902. Flora of the island of St. Croix. Field Co- 257. González-Gutierrez, P.A. 2007. The genus Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) in
lumbian Mus. Bot. 1: 441–546. the Antilles. Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(2): 435–482.
230. Fosberg, F.R. 1976. Revisions in the flora of St. Croix U.S. Virgin 258. Steinmann, V.W. & P.E. Berry. 2007. The systematic position of
Islands. Rhodora 78: 79–119. Cubanthus and other shrubby endemic species of Euphorbia (Eu-
231. D’Arcy, W.G. 1967. Annotated checklist of the Dicotyledons of phorbiaceae) in Cuba. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 64(2): 123–133.
Tortola, Virgin Islands. Rhodora 69: 385–450. 259. Tadesse, M. & D.J. Crawford. 2006. Resurrection of the genus Sell-
232. Proctor, G.R. 1994. Vieques Mangrove Forest Manual. Department eophytum (Asteraceae: Coreopsideae). Nord. J. Bot. 24: 161–166.
of Natural and Environmental Resources, Puerto Rico 260. Areces Berazaín, F. & P.A. Fryxell. 2007. Malvaceae. Flora de la
233. Woodbury, R.O., L.F. Martorell & J.G. García-Tudurí. 1977. The República de Cuba. Fasc. 13: 1–228.
Flora of Mona and Monito Islands, Puerto Rico (West Indies). Uni- 261. Borssum Waalkes, J. van. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised.
versity of Puerto Rico. Blumea 14: 1–213.
234. Woodbury, R.O. & B.M. Marriott, 1994. Catalog of the vascular 262. Abedin, S. 1979. No. 130. Malvaceae. In Flora of West Pakistan,
plants of Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. Caribbean J. Sci. 30: 130–142. ed. E. Nasir & S.I. Ali, pp. 1–107. University of Karachi, Pakistan.
235. Breckon, G.J. 2000. Revision of the Flora of Desecheo Island, 263. Almeda, F. 2009. Melastomataceae. In Flora Mesoamericana, ed.
Puerto Rico. Caribbean J. Sci. 36: 177–209. G. Davidse, M. Sousa, S. Knapp & F. Chang, Vol. 4(1): Cucur-
236. Breckon, G.J., D.A. Kolterman, V. Santiago- Vélez & F. López- bitaceae a Polemoniaceae, pp. 164–338. Universidad Nacional
Arroyo. 1998. Flora of Monito Island, Puerto Rico: Observations Autónoma de México, México D.F.; Missouri Botanical Garden,
and new records. Caribbean J. Sci. 34: 132–136. St. Louis; The Natural History Museum London.
237. Proctor, G.R. 2005. Flora Guanae: An Annotated List of the Vascu- 264. Cheek, M. 1989. Lectotypification and authorship of Hibiscus
lar Plants. In Island: Fact and Theory in Nature, ed. J. Lazell, pp. schizopetalus (Malvaceae). Taxon 38: 261–263.
158–170. University of California Press, Berkeley. 265. Fryxell, P.A. 1980. A revision of the American species of Hibiscus
238. Little, E.L. Jr. & F.H. Wadsworth. 1964. Common Trees of Puerto sect. Bombicella. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1624.
Rico and the Virgin Islands. Agriculture Handbook No. 249, 266. García, R. & B.J. Pimentel. 1986. Florula de la reserva científica
U.S.D.A., Forest Service, Washington, DC. 548 pp. “Dr. Orlando Cruz Franco,” Provincia Monte Cristi, República
239. Little, E.L., Jr., R.O. Woodbury & F.H. Wadsworth. 1974. Trees Dominicana. Moscosoa 4: 206–214.
of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Agriculture Handbook No. 267. Fryxell, P.A. 1989. Malvaceae. In Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Lee-
449, U.S.D.A., Forest Service, Washington, DC. 1024 pp. ward and Windward Islands, ed. R.A. Howard, Vol. 5, pp. 199–
240. Ekman, E.L. 1929. Plants observed on Tortue Island, Haiti. Ark. 263. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Jamaica Plain, MA.
Bot. 22a(9): 1–61. 268. Fryxell, P.A. 2001. Talipariti (Malvaceae), a segregate from Hibis-
241. The C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium. 2003. Flora of Navassa Island cus. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 225–270.
Project. New York Botanical Garden. Website: sciweb.nybg.org/ 269. Blanchard, O.J. & D.M. Bates. 1978. A new name in Kosteletzkya
science2/hcol/navassa/index.asp (Malvaceae). Gentes Herb. 11: 355–357.
242. Rahmanzadeh, R. et al. 2005. The Linderniaceae and Gratiolaceae 270. Fryxell, P.A. & J. Fuertes. 1991. Cuban plants of Charles Wright in
are further lineages distinct from the Scrophulariaceae (Lamiales). the Madrid herbarium. Taxon 40: 597–599.
Plant Biol. 7: 67–78. 271. Roig y Mesa, J.T. 1974. Plantas medicinales, aromáticas o vene-
243. Albach, D.C., H.M. Meudt & B. Oxelman. 2005. Piecing together nosas de Cuba, ed. 2. Havana.
the “new” Plantaginaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 92: 297–315. 272. Fryxell, P.A. ed. 1992. Malvaceae. In Flora of Ecuador, ed. G. Har-
244. Ekman, E.L. 1929. A list of plants from the island of Gonave, ling & L. Anderson, Vol. 44, Part 118. Botanical Institute, Gote-
Haiti. Ark. Bot. 23a(6): 1–73. borg University.
245. Stevens, P.F. 2007. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 8. 273. Fries, R.E. 1908. Entwurf einer Monographie der Gattungen Wis-
www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ sadula und Pseudabutilon. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl.,
246. Hitchcock, A.S. 1936. Manual of the Grasses of the West Indies. ser. 2, 43(4).
U.S.D.A. Miscellaneous Publication No. 243. United States Gov- 274. Fryxell, P.A. 1979a. A new Herissantia (Malvaceae) from the West
ernment Printing Office, Washington, DC. Indies. J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 316–319.
247. Marcano Fondeur, E.J. & J.Cicero. 1978. Florula de la Isla Beata. 275. Fryxell, P.A. 1978b. Neotropical segregates from Sida L. (Malva-
Website: marcano.freeservers.com/nature/estudios/beata2.html ceae). Brittonia 30: 447–462.
248. Moscoso, R.M. 1945. Palmas Dominicanas. Publicaciones de la 276. Fryxell, P.A. 1979b. The genus Sidastrum E.G. Baker (Malvaceae):
Universidad Santo Domingo. a correction. Brittonia 31: 298.
249. Jiménez, J.J. 1954. Plantas Nuevas para la ciencia, nuevas para la 277. Clement, I.D. 1957. Studies in Sida (Malvaceae) I. Contr. Gray
Hispaniola y nuevas para la República Dominicana. Publicaciones Herb. 180.
de la Universidad Santo Domingo ser. 11, 92 (4): 5–50. 278. Rodrigo, A. del P. 1944. Las especies argentinas y uruguayas del gé-
250. Tanaka, N. 2001. Taxonomic revision of the family Cannaceae in nero Sida (Malvaceae). Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Bot. 6: 81–212.
the New World and Asia. Makino New Ser. 1: 1–74. 279. Krapovickas, A. 2003. Sida sección Distichifolia (Monteiro)
251. Rodríguez Fuentes, A. 1985. Sobre el genero Melochia L. en Cuba. Krapov. comb. nov., stat. nov. (Malvaceae-Malveae). Bonplandia
Rev. Jard. Bot. Nacion. Univ. Habana 6(2): 47–52. 12: 83–121.
252. Torres Santana, C.W. 2007. Introduced Plants in Puerto Rico. Un- 280. Hill, S.R. 1982. A monograph of the genus Malvastrum. Rhodora
published draft. 84: 1–83, 159–264, 317–409.
253. Ploman, T. & N. Hensold. 2004. Names, types, and distribution of 281. Fryxell, P.A. 1987. Revision of the genus Anoda (Malvaceae). Aliso
Neotropical species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae). Brittonia 11: 485–522.
56: 1–53. 282. Esquivel, M., H. Knüpffer & K. Hammer. 1992. Inventory of the
254. Voucher at the United States National Herbarium. cultivated plants. In Origin, Evolution and Diversity of Cuban
255. Beurton, C. 2000. The genus Plethadenia (Rutaceae). Willdenovia Plant Genetic Resources, ed. K. Hammer et al., pp. 213–454. IPK,
30: 115–123. Gatersleben.
256. Salywon, A. 2007. Four new combinations in Mosiera (Myrtaceae) 283. Peguero, B., T. Clase, M. Mejia & J.V. Hilaire. 2007. Notas para la
from the Caribbean. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 899–900. flora de las isla Española XI. Moscosoa 15: 65–75.
xviii • smithsonian contributions to botany
284. Krapovickas, A. 1996. La identidad de Wissadula amplissima (Mal- 308. W.R. Anderson, C. Anderson & C.C. Davis. 2008. Malpighiaceae.
vaceae). Bonplandia 9: 89–94. Website: herbarium.lsa.umich.edu/malpigh
285. Proosdij, A.S.J. van, P. Ketner, P.J.M. Maas, J.A. Freitas & M.J. 309. Lorenzo, J.S., B. Peguero & A. Veloz. 2000. Flora de la Península
Jansen-Jacobs. 2001. Arnoldo’s Zakflora. 3rd ed. Walburg Pers, de Samaná, República Dominicana. Moscosoa 9: 133–188.
Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 310. Höner, D. & F. Jiménez. 1994. Flora vascular y vegetación de La
286. Luteyn, J.L. & P. Pedraza-Peñalosa. Neotropical blueberries. The Loma La Herradura (Cordillera Oriental), República Dominicana.
plant family Ericaceae. www.nybg.org/bsci/res/lut2/main.html Moscosoa 8: 65–85.
287. Renner, S.S., D. Triebel, F. Almeda, D. Stone, C.U. Ulloa, F.A. Mi- 311. García, R., M. Mejía & T. Zanoni. 1994. Composición florística
chelangeli, R. Goldenberg & H.M. Cifuentes. 2008. Melastomata- y principales asociaciones vegetales en la Reserva Científica Ébano
ceae.Net. Website: www.melastomataceae.net Verde, Cordillera Central, República Dominicana. Moscosoa 8:
288. Zanoni, T.A. & M.M. Mejía-P. 1989. Notas sobre la flora de la isla 86–130.
Española. III. Moscosoa 5: 85–115. 312. May, T. & B. Peguero. 2000. Vegetación y flora de La Loma El
289. Bohs, L., S. Knapp, M. Nee & D. Spooner. 2008. Solanaceae Source. Mogote, Jarabacoa, Cordillera Central, República Dominicana.
A global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family. Website: Moscosoa 11: 11–37.
www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/solanaceaesource 313. Mejía, M., R. García & F. Jiménez. 2000. Sub-región fitogeográ-
290. Britton, N.L. 1924. La vegetación de Cayo Icacos. Rev. Agric. fica Barbacoa-Casabito: Riqueza florística y su importancia en la
Puerto Rico 12: 91–96. conservación de la flora de la isla Española. Moscosoa 11: 57–106.
291. Ferrucci, M.S. 2000. Revisión taxonómica de los géneros Cardio- 314. Liogier, A.H. 1978. La florula de la Loma Isabel de Torres,
spermum y Urvillea para el neotrópico (Sapindaceae). Unpublished República Dominicana. Moscosoa 1: 10–48.
doctoral dissertation. 315. García, R., B. Peguero, T. Clase, A. Veloz, F. Jiménez & M. Mejía.
292. Robbins, R.L. 2001. Sapindaceae. In Flora of Nicaragua, ed. W.D. 2007. Flora y vegetación de las zonas áridas de La Sierra Martín
Stevens, C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool & O.M. Montiel, Vol. 3, pp. García, República Dominicana. Moscosoa 15: 5–60.
2307–2332. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. 316. Zanoni, T.A., M.M. Mejía-P. & R.W. Read. 1986. Notas sobre la
293. Acevedo-Rodríguez P., 2003. Melicocceae (Sapindaceae). Talisia flora de la Isla Española. 1. Bromeliaceae. Moscosoa 4: 54–104.
and Melicoccus. Fl. Neotrop. 87: 1–179. 317. De los Ángeles, I., T. Clase & B. Peguero. 2005. Flora y vegetación
294. Gooding, E.G.B., A.R. Loveless & G.R. Proctor. 1965. Flora of de Parque Nacional El Choco, Sosua, Provincia Puerto Plata,
Barbados. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. 486 pp. República Dominicana. Moscosoa 14: 10–55.
295. The Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. Natural History Mu- 318. Brouillet, L. 2006. Matricaria L. In Flora of North America North
seum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/ of Mexico, ed. FNA Editorial Committee, Vol. 19, pp. 540–542.
linnaean-typification/ Oxford University Press, New York.
296. Ramírez Durand, L. 2003. Taxonomic analysis of the varieties of 319. Brouillet, L. 2006. Tripleurospermum Schultz-Bipontinus. In Flora
Thouinia striata Radlk. (Sapindaceae) in Puerto Rico. Unpublished of North America North of Mexico, ed. FNA Editorial Committee,
Master’s thesis, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus. Vol. 19, pp. 548–551. Oxford University Press, New York.
297. Judziewicz, E.J., R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, T.S. Fil- 320. Cárdenas Álvarez, A. & P. Herrera Oliver. 1991. Catálogo de las
gueiras & F.O. Zuloaga. 2000. Catalogue of New World grasses colecciones históricas y de tipos del herbario de la Academia de
(Poaceae): I. subfamilies Anomochlooideae, Bambusoideae, Eh- Ciencias de Cuba. Havana.
rhartoideae, and Pharoideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 39: 1–128. 321. Keil, D.J. 2006. Pectis. In Flora of North America North of Mex-
298. Peterson, P.M., R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, T.S. Filgueiras, F.O. Zuloaga ico, ed. FNA Editorial Committee, Vol. 21, pp. 222–230. Oxford
& E.J. Judziewicz. 2001. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): University Press, New York.
II. subfamily Chloridoideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 41: 1–255. 322. Robinson, H. 1999. Generic and subtribal classification of Ameri-
299. Zuloaga, F.O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poa- can Vernoniae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, No. 89.
ceae): III. subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. 116 pp.
and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46: 1–662. 323. Hoyos F., J. 1985. Flora de la isla Margarita, Venezuela. Caracas,
300. Soreng, R.J., P.M. Peterson, G. Davidse, E.J. Judziewicz, F.O. Zulo- Venezuela. 927 pp.
aga, T.S. Filgueiras & O. Morrone. 2003. Catalogue of New World 324. Tucker, G.C. 1994. Revision of the Mexican species of Cyperus
grasses (Poaceae): IV. subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. (Cyperaceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 43: 1–213.
48: 1–730. 325. Kral, R. 1971. A treatment of Abildgaardia, Bulbostylis, and Fim-
301. Flora of Trinidad and Tobago. This flora was published in many bristylis (Cyperaceae) for North America. Sida 4: 57–227.
parts with many authors. There is no overall editor. R.O. Williams 326. McLaughlin, A.D. 1944. The genus Cyperus in the West Indies.
was author of the first treatment and of many others. Catholic Univ. Amer. Biol. Stud. 5: i–viii, 1–108.
302. Dod, D.D. 1989. Orquideas (Orchidaceae) nuevas para la Española 327. Kükenthal, G. 1935. Cyperaceae- Scirpoideae-
Cypereae. In Das
y otras notas: VII. Moscosoa 5: 235–249. Pflanzenreich IV, 20 (Heft 101), ed. A. Engler, pp. 1–671.
303. Dod, D.D. 1989. Una inventario de las Orchidaceae del Parc Na- 328. Rosen, D.J., S.L. Hatch & R. Carter. 2007. Infraspecific taxonomy
tional Citadelle, Sans Souci y Ramiers, en Milot, Haiti. Moscosoa and nomenclature of Eleocharis acutangula (Cyperaceae). J. Bot.
5: 270–275. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 875–888.
304. Zanoni, T.A. 1990. La flora y la vegetación de Loma Diego de Oc- 329. Kükenthal, G. 1926. Cyperaceae novae vel criticae imprimis antil-
ampo, Cordillera Septentrional, República Dominicana. Moscosoa lanae. Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg. 23(15): 183–222.
6: 19–45. 330. Zavaro Pérez, C.A. & G. Pabón Garcés. 1995. De Eleocharitibus
305. Zanoni, T.A. 1990. La flora y la vegetación de las islas La Matica cubensibus notulae (in floram novam cubensem studia intenden-
y La Piedra, Distrito Nacional, República Dominicana. Moscosoa tia). Fontqueria 42: 269–272.
6: 1–18. 331. Zavaro Pérez, C.A. 1995. Algunas consecuencias de la revisión del
306. Zanoni, T.A. 1990. La flora y la vegetación de Los Haitises, género Fimbristylis Vahl (Cyperaceae) en Cuba. Fontqueria 42:
República Dominicana. Moscosoa 6: 46–98. 199–202.
307. Guerrero, A., F. Jiménez, D. Höner & T. Zanoni. 1997. La flora y 332. Strong, M.T. 2006. Taxonomy and distribution of Rhynchospora
la vegetación de la Loma Barbacoa, Cordillera Central, República (Cyperaceae) in the Guianas, South America. Contr. U.S. Natl.
Dominicana. Moscosoa 9: 84–116. Herb. 53: 1–225.
number 9 8 • xix
333. Greuter, W. & R. Rankin. 2008. Bisgoeppertia (Gentianaceae) un- 361. Molau, U. 1988. Scrophulariaceae. Part 1. Calceolarieae. Fl. Neo-
raveled. Account of a small genus of the Greater Antilles. Willde- trop. Monogr. 47:1–326.
nowia 38: 177–185. 362. Britton, N.L. & J.N. Rose. 1937. The Cactaceae. Dover, New York.
334. West, J.G. 1984. A revision of Dodonaea Miller (Sapindaceae) in 363. Rankin Rodríguez, R. & W. Greuter. 2004. A study of differentiatio
Australia. Brunonia 7: 1–194. patterns in Capparis sect. Breyniastrum in Cuba, with a nomencla-
335. Trejo-Torres, C. 2008. A new shrub species from dry forest of Puerto tural and taxonomical survey of Cuban Capparis (Caapparaceae).
Rico, Reynosia vivesiana (Rhamnaceae). Novon 18: 390–394. Willdenowia 34: 259–276.
336. Krings, A. 2008. Index of names and types in West Indian Gonolo- 364. Maas, P.J.M. et al. 1986. Burmanniaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.
binae (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae), including fourteen new lec- 42: 1–192.
totypifications, one neotypification, a new name, and a new combi- 365. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2007. The extant botanical collections and
nation. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 139–163. nomenclatural types of Agustín Stahl, Puerto Rican botanist. Ca-
337. Woodson, R.E., 1938. An evaluation of the genera Plumeria L. and ribbean J. Sci. 43: 189–199.
Hymatanthus Willd. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 189–224. 366. Kuijt, J. 2008. Monograph of Psittacanthus (Loranthaceae). Syst.
338. Miers, J. 1878. On the Apocynaceae of South America with some Bot. Monogr. 86.
preliminary remarks on the whole family. London. 291 pp. 367. Kuijt, J. 1961. A revision of Dendrophtora (Loranthaceae). Wentia
339. Lippold, H. 1979. Die gattung Plumeria L. (Apocynaceae) auf 6: 1–145.
Kuba. Feddes Repert. 90: 193–215. 368. Ploman, T.C. (ed. S. Knapp & J.R. Press). 1998. A revision of the
340. Bello Espinosa, D. 1883. Apuntes para la flora de Puerto Rico. Se- South American species of Brunfelsia (Solanaceae). Fieldiana Bot-
gunda parte. Anal. Soc. Española de Hist. Nat. 12: 103–130. any n.s. 39: 1–135.
341. Strother, J.L. 1999. Compositae – Heliantheae s. l. Fl. Chiapas. 5: 369. Nee, M. 2008. Nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Cestrum (Sola-
1–232. naceae). Unpublished manuscript. Version October 2008.
342. Thomas, W.W. 1984. The systematics of Rhynchospora sect. Di- 370. Bernadello, L.M. 1986. Revisión taxonómica de las especies Su-
chromena. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 37: 1–116. damericanas de Lycium (Solanum). Boletín de la Academia Nacio-
343. Holmes, W.C. 1993. The genus Mikania (Compositae: Eupatorieae) nal de Ciencias. Córdoba, Argentina 57: 173–356.
in the Greater Antilles. Sida Bot. Misc. 9: 1–69. 371. Carvalho de, L.F. 1978. O gênero Scwenchkia D. Van Royen ex
344. Pfeifer, H.W. 1966. Revision of the North and Central American Linnaeus no Brasil-Solanaceae. Rodriguesia 44: 307–524.
hexandrous species of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae). Ann. Mis- 372. Knapp, S. 2008. A revision of the Solanum havanense species group
souri Bot. Gard. 53: 115–196. and new taxonomic additions to the Geminata clade (Solanum, So-
345. Rankin Rodríguez, R. & W. Greuter. Charles Plumier’s drawings of lanaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 405–458.
American plants and the nomenclature of early Caribbean Aristolo- 373. Bernadello, L.M. & A.T. Hunziker. 1987. A synoptical revision of
chia species (Aristolochiaceae). Taxon 48: 677–688. Solandra (Solanaceae). Nord. J. Bot. 7: 639–652.
346. Cuatrecasas, J. 1970. Brunelliaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 2: 1–189. 374. Kubitzki, K. 1971. Doliocarpus, Davilla und verwandte gattungen
347. Rodríguez, L. & R. Apezteguia. 1985. Cactos y otras suculentas en (Dilleniaceae). Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. Munchen 9: 95–99.
Cuba. Editorial Científico-Técnica, Havana. 375. Read, R.W. 1970. Preliminary studies of Pitcairnia in the eastern
348. Funk, V.A., T. Hollowell, P. Berry, C. Kelloff & S. Alexander. 2007. Caribbean. Phytologia 19: 270–278.
Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, 376. Howard, R.A. 1972. The correct botanical name of the mabolo or
Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. velvet apple. Amer. Horticult. 51: 32–33.
U.S. Natl. Herb. 55: 1–584. 377. Rogers, D.J. & S.G. Appan. 1973. Manihot, Manihotoides (Eu-
349. Candolle, A. de. 1824–1873. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni phorbiaceae). Fl. Neotropica Mongr. 13: 1–272.
vegetabilis. Vols. 1–17. Paris. 378. Barreto Valdes, A. 1996. De Ateleiis cubensibus notulae. Fontque-
350. Sauvalle, F. 1868–1873. Flora Cubana. Havana. ria 44: 245–252.
351. Sagra, R. de la. 1845–1850. Historia física, política y natural de 379. Fantz, P.R. 1990. Clitoria (Leguminosae) Antillarum. Moscosoa 6:
la isla de Cuba. Botánica. Fanerogamia o plantas vasculares por 152–166.
A. Richard. Vols. 10 and 11. Madrid (Spanish ed.). 380. Shaefer, H., A. Kocyan & S.S. Renner. 2008. Linnaeopsicyos (Cu-
352. Sagra, R. de la. 1841–1851. Histoire physique, politique et na- curbitaceae): a new genus for Trichosanthes amara, the Caribbean
turelle de l’Ile de Cuba; plantes vasculaires. Paris (French ed.). sister species of all Sicyeae. Syst. Bot. 33: 349–355.
353. The Cycad Pages. http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/PlantNet/cycad/ 381. Mészáros, Z. 1976. The Melocactus species of Cuba. Acta Bot.
wlist.html Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 127–147.
354. Ackerman, J.D. 1995. An orchid flora of Puerto Rico and the Vir- 382. Taylor, N.P. 1991. The genus Melocactus (Cactaceae) in Central
gin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 73: 1–203. and South America. Bradleya 9: 1–80.
355. Taylor, P. 2001. Lentibulariaceae. In Flora of Nicaragua, ed. W.D. 383. Kairo, M., B. Ali, O. Cheesman, K. Hayson & S. Murphy. 2003.
Stevens, C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool & O.M. Montiel, Vol. 2, pp. Invasive Species Threats in the Caribbean Region. Report to Na-
1214–1218. Missouri Botanical Gardens Press, St. Louis. ture Conservancy. CAB International.
356. Ciferri, R. 1946d. Qualche esperienza ecológica sul Marathrum 384. Álvarez de Zayas, A. 1996. El género Furcraea (Agavaceae) en Cuba.
cubanum (Podostemonaceae). Ist. Bot. Reale Univ. Reale Lab. Crit- Anales Inst. Biol. Nac. Auton. Mexico, Ser. Bot. 67(2): 329–346.
tog. Pavia Atti ser. 5, 7(1): 18–21. 385. Morong, T. 1891. Notes on North American Haloragaeae. Bull.
357. Smith, L.B., D. Wasshausen, J. Golding & C.E. Karegeannes. 1986. Torrey Bot. Club 8: 229–246.
Begoniaceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, No. 60. Smith- 386. The Harvard University Herbaria Website. http://www.huh.harvard
sonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. 584 pp. .edu/
358. Warwick, S.I., S. Francis, I.A. Al-Shebaz. 2006. Brassicaceae: Spe- 387. Wasshausen, D.C. & J.R.I. Wood. 2004. Acanthaceae of Bolivia.
cies checklist and database on CD-Rom. Plant. Syst. Evol. 259: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 49: 1–152.
249–257. 388. Graham, V.A.W. 1988. Delimitation and infra-generic classification
359. Smith, L.B. & R.J. Downs. 1974, 1977, 1979. Bromeliaceae. Flora of Justicia (Acanthaceae). Kew Bull. 43(4): 551–624.
Neotrop. Monogr. 14, parts 1, 2, and 3. 2142 pp. 389. Grear, J.W. 1978. A revision of the New World species of Rhyn-
360. Ørgaard, M. 1990. The genus Cabomba (Cabombaceae): a taxo- chosia (Leguminosae – Faboideae). Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 31(1):
nomic study. Nord. J. Bot. 11: 179–203. 1–168.
xx • smithsonian contributions to botany
390. Adams, C. Trinidad and Tobago Checklist of Vascular Plants. Un- 417. Maréchal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier. 1978. Etude tax-
published manuscript. onomique d’un group complexe d’espèces des genres Phaseolus et
391. Rojo, J.P. 1972. Pterocarpus (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) revised Vigna (Papilionaceae) sur la base de données morphologiques et
for the World. Phanerogamarum Monographiae Tomus V. J. Cra- polliniques, traitées par l’analyse informatique. Boissiera 28: 1–273
mer, Lehre, Germany. 119 pp. 418. Eyden, V. van den, M.P. Oatham & W. Johnson. 2008. How free
392. Maesen, L.J.G. van der. 1985. Revision of the genus Pueraria DC. access internet resources benefit biodiversity and conservation re-
with some notes on Teyleria Backer (Leguminosae). Agricultural search: Trinidad and Tobago’s endemic plants and their conserva-
University of Wageningen Papers 85-1: 1–132. tion status. Oryx 42(3): 400–407.
393. Grear, J.W. 1970. A revision of the American species of Eriosema 419. Macfadyen, J. 1837–1850. The Flora of Jamaica. Edinburgh.
(Leguminosae-Lotoideae). Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 20(3): 1–98. 420. Henderson, A., G. Galeano & R. Bernal. 1995. Field Guide to the
394. Rico Arce, M. de L. & S. Bachman. 2006. A taxonomic revision of Palms of the Americas. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ.
Acaciella (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 421. Mejia, M., R. García & F. Jiménez. 1998. Gaussia attenuata (O.F.
63(2): 189–244. Cook) Becc. y Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. ex Mart.) Becc.
395. Capdevila, M.B. 1994. A taxonomic revision of the genus Desmo- (Arecaceae). Dos nuevos registros para la Isla Española. Moscosoa
dium Desv. (Leguminosae) for Flora of Ecuador. Unpublished the- 10: 3–9.
sis.University of Aarhus, Denmark. 422. van Ee, B. & P.E. Berry. 2009. A phylogenetic and taxonomic re-
396. Lee, Y.-T. & J.H. Langenheim. 1975. Systematics of the genus Hy- view of Croton (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) on Jamaica including the de-
menaea L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Detarieae). Univ. Calif. scription of Croton jamaicensis, a new species of sect. Eluteria.
Publ. Bot. 69: 1–109. Syst. Bot. 34: 129–140.
397. Barneby, R.C. 1996. Neotropical Fabales at NY: asides and over- 423. Ezcurra, C. & T.F. Daniel. 2007. Ruellia simplex, an older and over-
sights. Brittonia 48(2): 174–187. looked name for Ruellia tweediana and Ruellia coerulea (Acantha-
398. Lavin, M. & M. Sousa. 1995. Phylogenetic systematics and bioge- ceae). Darwiniana 45(2): 201–203.
ography of the Tribe Robineae (Leguminosae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 424. Williams, N.H., J.D. Ackerman, E.M. Fernández & J. Llamacho.
45: 1–165. 2007. The rediscovery and systematic position of Antillanorchis.
399. Maxwell, R.H. 1970. The genus Dioclea (Fabaceae) in the New World. Orchids 76: 856–858.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University. 425. Blanco, M.A., G. Carnevali, W.M. Whitten, R.B. Singer, S. Koehler,
400. Ireland, H.E. 2001. The taxonomy and systematics of Ateleia and N.H. Williams, I. Ojeda, K.M. Neubig & L. Endara. 2007. Ge-
Cyathostegia (Leguminosae-Swartzieae). Unpublished doctoral dis- neric realignments in Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae). Lankesteriana
sertation, Reading, Kew and Edinburgh. 283 pp. 7: 515–537.
401. Rudd, V.E. 1969. A synopsis of the genus Piscidia (Leguminosae). 426. Whitten, W.M., M.A. Blanco, N.H. Williams, S. Koehler, G. Car-
Phytologia 18(8): 473–499. nevali, R.B. Singer, L. Endara & K.M. Neubig. 2007. Molecular
402. Krukoff, B.A. & R.C. Barneby. 1974. Conspectus of species of the phylogenetics of Maxillaria and related genera (Orchidaceae: Cym-
genus Erythrina. Lloydia 37(3): 332–459. bideae) based on combined molecular data sets. Amer. J. of Bot.
403. Tozzi, A.M.G. de A. 1989. Estudos taxonômicos dos gêneros Lon- 94: 1860–1889.
chocarpus Kunth e Deguelia Aubl. no Brasil. Unpublished doctoral 427. IUCN Red List of Treatened Species Website. IUCNredlist.org
dissertation, Campinas, Brasil. 341 pp. 428. Arias Granda, I. 1994. Xanthosoma cubense (Shott) Schott (Ara-
404. Sauer, J. 1964. Revision of Canavalia. Brittonia 16: 106–181. ceae): Taxonomía y nomenclatura. Stvdia Bot. 12: 237–240.
405. Britton, N.L. & J.N. Rose. 1930. Caesalpiniaceae (conclusio). N. 429. Bogner, J. 1969. A propos du genre Andromycia A. Rich. (Aracées).
Amer. Fl. 23(5): 269–349. Adansonia ser. 2, 9: 125–130.
406. Klitgaard, B.B. 1995. Systematics of Platymiscium (Leguminosae: 430. Austin, D.F. & Z. Huaman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convol-
Papilionoideae: Dalbergieae): Taxonomy, morphology, ontogeny vulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45: 3–38.
and phylogeny. Doctoral dissertation. University of Aarhus, Den- 431. Britton, N.L. & C.F. Millspaugh, 1962. The Bahama Flora. Pub-
mark. 168 pp. lished by the authors. New York. 695 pp.
407. Schrire, B.D. 2000. A synopsis of the genus Philenoptera 432. Zona, S. 1996. Roystonea (Arecaceae: Arecoideae). Fl. Neotropica
(Leguminosae-Millettieae) from Africa and Madagascar. Kew Bull. Monogr. 71: 1–35.
55: 81–94. 433. Cristóbal, C.L. 2001. Taxonomía del género Helicteres (Sterculia-
408. Pennington, T.D. 1997. The Genus Inga: Botany. Royal Botanic ceae). Revisión de las especies americanas. Bonplandia 11: 1–206.
Gardens, Kew. 844 pp. 434. Krapovickas, A. 1996. Sinopsis del género Gaya (Malvaceae). Bon-
409. Kalin Arroyo, M.T. 1976. The systematics of the legume genus plandia 9(1–2): 57–87.
Harpalyce (Leguminosae: Lotoideae). Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 26(4): 435. Gibbs, P. & J. Semir. 2003. A taxonomic revision of the genus Ceiba
1–80. Mill. (Bombacaceae). Ann. Jard. Bot. Madrid 60(2): 259–300.
410. Cowan, R.S. 1968. Swartzia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, 436. Cristóbal, C.L. 1976. Estudio taxonómico del género Byttneria
Swartzieae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 1: 1–228. Loefling (Sterculiaceae). Bonplandia (Corrientes) 4: 1–428.
411. Rico Arce, M. de L., S.L. Gale & N. Maxted. 2008. A taxonomic 437. Cristóbal, C.L. 1960. Revisión del género Ayenia (Sterculiaceae).
study of Albizia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: Ingeae) in Mexico Opera Lilloana 4: 1–230.
and Central America. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 65(2): 255–305. 438. Taylor, E.L. 1989. Systematic studies in the tribe Sterculieae: A tax-
412. Hughes, C.E. 1998. Monograph of Leucaena (Leguminosae- onomic revision of the Neotropical species of Sterculia L. (Sterculi-
Mimosoideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 55: 1–244. aceae). Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
413. Hernández, H.M. 1989. Systematics of Zapoteca (Leguminosae). 439. Robyns, A. 1963. Essai de monographie du genre Bombax s.l.
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 781–862. (Bombacaceae). Bull. Jard. Bot. État 33: 1–315.
414. Rudd, V.E. 1965. The American species of Ormosia (Leguminosae). 440. Fryxell, P.A. & F. Areces Berazaín. 2007. (1780) Proposal to reject
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 32(5): 279–384. the name Hibiscus brasiliensis (Malvaceae). Taxon 56: 611–612.
415. Rudd, V.E. 1963. The genus Dussia (Leguminosae). Contr. U.S. 441. Fryxell, P.A. 1971. A revision of Phymosia (Malvaceae). Madroño
Natl. Herb. 32(4): 247–277. 21: 153–174.
416. Rudd, V.E. 1958. A revision of the genus Chaetocalyx. Contr. U.S. 442. Fryxell, P.A. 1997. A revision and redefinition of Pseudabutilon
Natl. Herb. 32(3): 207–245. (Malvaceae). Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 21: 175–195.
number 9 8 • xxi
443. Krapovickas, A. & C.L. Cristóbal. 1965. Revisión del género Pel- 467. Denton, M.F. 1978. A taxonomic treatment of the Luzulae group of
taea (Malvaceae). Kurziana 2: 135–216. Cyperus. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 11(4): 197–271.
444. Saunders, J.G. 1995. Systematics and evolution of Waltheria 468. Berazaín Iturralde, R. & R.S. Rodríguez Salgueiro. 1992. Nove-
(Sterculiaceae-Hermannieae). Doctoral dissertation, University of dades taxonómicas en el género Purdiaea Planchon (Cyrillaceae) en
Texas, Austin. Cuba. Rev. J. Bot. Nac. 13: 21– 25.
445. Liogier, A.H. 1981. Antillean studies I. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1. 469. Leiva Sánchez, A.T. 1992. Eremolepidaceae. Flora de la República
Celastrales, Rhamnales, Malvales, Tymeleales, Violales. Phytologia de Cuba. Fontqueria 35: 1–10.
Memoirs 3: 1–218. 470. Cornejo, X. & H.H. Iltis. 2009. Hispaniolanthus: a new genus of
446. Lay, K.K. 1950. The American species of Triumfetta L. Ann. Mis- Capparaceae endemic to Hispaniola. Harvard Pap. Bot. 14: 9–14.
souri Bot. Gard. 37: 315–395. 471. Rivero, J.A. & B.R. Brunner. 2007. Arboles exóticos y poco conoci-
447. Alverson, W.S. 1986. Quararibea Aubl. s.l. (Bombacaceae) in Mex- dos en Puerto Rico. Editorial Universidad de Puerto Rico.
ico, Central America and the Antilles: A taxonomic study. Doctoral 472. van Ee, B.W., P.E. Berry, R. Riina & J.E. Gutiérrez Amaro. 2008.
dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Caribbean-
448. Fryxell, P.A. 1998. A synopsis of the neotropical species of Trium- centered Croton subgenus Moacroton (Euphorbiaceae s.s.). Bot.
fetta (Tiliaceae). In Diversity and Taxonomy of Tropical Flower- Rev. (Lancaster) 74: 132–165.
ing Plants, ed. P. Mathew & M. Sivadasan, pp. 167–192. Mentor 473. Fournet, J. 1978. Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe
Books, Calicut. et de Martinique. Paris. 1654 pp.
449. Blanchard, O.J., Jr. 1976. A revision of species segregated from 474. Miller, J.S., J. Gaviria, R. Gómez & G. Rodríguez. 1997. Bor-
Hibiscus sect. Trionum (Medicus) De Candolle sensu lato (Malva- aginaceae. In Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, ed. P.E. Berry, K.
ceae). Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Yatskievych & B.K. Holst, Vol. 3, pp. 527–547. Missouri Botanical
450. Setser, H.L. 1977. A revision of Neotropical Tiliaceae: Apeiba, Lue- Garden Press, St. Louis.
hea and Lueheopsis. Doctoral dissertation, University of Kentucky, 475. Hoffman, P. 2008. Revision of Heterosavia, stat. nov., with notes
Lexington. on Gonatogyne and Savia (Pyllanthaceae). Brittonia 60: 136–166.
451. Cuatrecasas, J. 1964. Cacao and its allies: A taxonomic revision 476. Cabrera, A.L. 1971. Revisión del género Gochnatia (Compositae).
of the genus Theobroma. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 35(6): 379–614. Revista Mus. La Plata 12: 1–160.
452. Goldberg, A. 1967. The genus Melochia L. (Sterculiaceae). Contr. 477. Clayton, W.D., K.T. Harman & H. Williamson. 2009. GrassBase–
U.S. Natl. Herb. 34(5): 191–363. The Online World Grass Flora. http://www.kew.org/data/grasses
453. Knapp, S. 2009. Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Sola- -db.html
naceae) species endemic in the West Indies. Ann. Jard. Bot. Madrid 478. Rodríguez Fuentes, A. 2007. Lista de los cactus nativos y natural-
66: 65–84. izados de Cuba. Jardín Botánico Nacional de La Habana, Cuba.
454. Oviedo, R., A. Traveset, A. Valido & G. Brull. 2009. Sobre la presen- 479. Lindeman, J.C. & A.L. Stoffers. 1962. Gramineae. In Flora of the
cia de Cneorum (Cneoraceae) en Cuba: Ejemplo de disyunción bio- Netherlands Antilles, ed. A.L. Stoffers, Vol. 1, pp. 121–203. Ke-
geográfica Mediterráneo-Caribe? Ann. Jard. Bot. Madrid 66: 25–33. mink and Zn, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
455. Knapp, S. & C. Jarvis. 1990. The typification of the names of the 480. Hitchcock, C.L. 1945. The Mexican, Central America, and West
New World species of Solanum described by Linnaeus. Bot. J. Linn. Indian Lepidia. Madroño 8: 118–143.
Soc. 104: 328. 481. Jonhston, I.M. 1949. Studies in the Boraginaceae, XVIII Boragina-
456. Ballard, R. 1986. Bidens pilosa complex (Asteraceae) in North and ceae of the southern West Indies. J. Arnold Arb. 30: 111–138.
Central America. Amer. J. Bot. 73: 1452–1465. 482. Maas, P.J.M. 1972. Costoideae (Zingiberaceae). Fl. Neotrop.
457. Struwe, L., J.W. Kadereit, J. Klackenberg, S. Nilsson, M. Thiv, K.B. Monogr. 8: 1–140.
von Hagen, and V.A. Albert. 2002. Systematics, character evolu- 483. Parker, T. 2003. Manual of Dendrology Jamaica. Forestry Depart-
tion, and biogeography of Gentianaceae, including a new tribal and ment, Jamaica.
subtribal classification. In Gentianaceae: Systematics and Natural 484. Catasus Guerra, L. 1980. Nuevas especies de gramíneas para Cuba.
History, ed. L. Struwe & V.A. Albert, pp. 21–309. Cambridge Uni- Acta Bot. Cubana 4: 1–11.
versity Press, UK. 485. Collections at the JBSD Herbarium
458. Arriagada, J.E. 2003. Revision of the genus Clibadium (Asteraceae, 486. Hager, J. 1990. Flora y vegetación de Loma Quita Espuela: Restos
Heliantheae). Brittonia 55: 245–301. de la vegetación natural en la parte oriental de la Cordillera Septen-
459. Keil, D.J. 1975. Flora of Panama, Part IX. Family 184. Composi- trional, República Dominicana. Moscosoa 6: 99–123.
tae. VI. Tageteae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62: 1220–1241. 487. Britton, N.L. 1917. El genero Rhynchospora Vahl en Cuba. Mem.
460. Austin, D.F. & G.W. Staples. 1991. A revision of the Neotropical Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 2: 185–200 (1916).
species of Turbina Raf. (Convolvulaceae). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 488. Urquiola Cruz, A.J. & V. Pérez Henández. 2009. Hydrocharitaceae.
118: 265–280. Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc.
461. Bywater, M. & G.E. Wickens. 1983. New World species of the ge- 15(7): 1–24.
nus Crassula. Kew Bull. 39(4): 699–728. 489. Urquiola Cruz, A.J., V. Pérez Henández & R. Caudales Cepero.
462. Tölken, H.R. 1985. Crassulaceae. In Flora of Southern Africa, ed. 2009. Alismataceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plan-
O.A. Leistner, Vol. 14. Botanical Research Institute, Department of tas Vasculares. Fasc. 15(1): 1–24.
Agriculture and Water Supply, Republic of South Africa. 490. Urquiola Cruz, A.J. 2009. Alstromeriaceae. Flora de la República
463. Farjon, A. 2005. A Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 15(2): 1–7.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Cambridge Printing, UK. 643 pp. 491. Urquiola Cruz, A.J. & S. Gonzáles León. 2009. Amarillidaceae.
464. Walker, M.M. & O. Hodge. 2005. A Guide to Common Plants of Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc.
Anguilla. Anguilla National Trust and Biodiversity Conservation 15(3): 1–35.
Inc. The Valley, Anguilla, British West Indies. 492. Rankin Rodríguez, R. & W. Greuter. 2009. Brassicaceae. Flora
465. Berazaín Iturralde, R. 2009. New species of Cyrilla (Cyrillaceae) de la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 15(4):
from Cuba. Willdenowia 39: 121–140. 1–51.
466. McDowell, T. & B. Bremer. 1998. Phylogeny, diversity, and dis- 493. Urquiola Cruz, A.J. & V. Pérez Henández. 2009. Ceratophyllaceae.
tribution in Exostema (Rubiaceae): implications of morphological Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc.
and molecular analyses. Plant Syst. Evol. 212: 215–246. 15(5): 1–8.
xxii • smithsonian contributions to botany
494. Lindeman, J.C. & A.L. Stoffers. 1962. Cyperaceae. In Flora of the 520. Morrone, O., M.A. Scataglini & F.O. Zuloaga. 2007. Cyphonan-
Netherlands Antilles, ed. A.L. Stoffers, Vol. 1, pp. 89–120. Kemink thus, a new genus segregated from Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae:
and Zn, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Paniceae) based on morphological, anatomical and molecular data.
495. Urquiola Cruz, A.J. & R. Novo Carbó. 2009. Cymodoceaceae. Taxon 56: 521–532.
Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 521. Zuloaga, F.O., L.M. Giussani & O. Morrone. 2007. Hopia, a new
15(6): 1–10. monotypic genus segregated from Panicum (Poaceae). Taxon 53:
496. Urquiola Cruz, A.J. & C. Cabrera Rivas. 2009. Hypoxidaceae. 145–156.
Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 522. Morrone, O., S.S. Denham, S.A. Aliscioni & F.O. Zuloaga. 2008.
15(8): 1–13. Parodiophyllochloa, a new genus segregated from Panicum (Pani-
497. The Woman’s Club of Jamaica. 1952. Flowering Plants from Cu- ceae, Poaceae) based on morphological and molecular data. Syst.
ban Gardens. Criterion Books, New York. Bot. 33: 66–76.
498. Chanderbali, A.S. 2004. Lauraceae. Endlicheria. Fl. Neotrop. 523. Sede, S.M., O. Morrone, L.M. Giussani & F.O. Zuloaga. 2008.
Monogr. 91. 1–142. Phylogenetic studies in the Paniceae (Poaceae): a realignment of
499. Borhidi, A., M. Fernández-Zequeira & R. Oviedo-Prieto. 2009. sect. Lorea of Panicum. Syst. Bot. 33: 284–300.
Species combinationesque nonnullae novae florae cubanae. Acta 524. Morrone, O. & F.O. Zuloaga. 2009. Keratochlaena, el nombre
Bot. Hung. 51: 273–282. correcto para Sclerochlamys (Poaceae, Paniceae). Darwiniana 47:
500. Nelson Sutherland, C. 1997. Material tipo de la colección de Sessé 231.
y Mociño en el Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid. Ann. Jard. Bot. 525. Sede, S.M., F.O. Zuloaga & O. Morrone. 2009. Phylogenetic stud-
Madrid. 55: 375–418. ies in the Paniceae (Poaceae-Panicoideae): Ocellochloa, a new ge-
501. Echevarría Cruz, R. & S.A. Graham. 2008. Lythraceae. Flora de nus from the New World. Syst. Bot. 34: 684–692.
la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 14(1): 526. Dransfield, S. & E.A. Widjaja (eds.). 1995. Bamboos. Pl. Resources
1–52. S.-E. Asia 7: 1–191.
502. Funk, V., T. Hollowell, P. Berry, C. Kelloff & S.N. Alexander. 2007. 527. Zuloaga. F.O., M.A. Scataglini & O. Morrone. 2010. A phylo-
Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield. Contr. U.S. Natl. genetic evaluation of sects. Agrostoidea, Megista, Prionitia and
Herb. 55: 1–584. Tenera of Panicum (Panicoideae, Poaceae): Two new genera Ste-
503. González Gutiérrez, P.A. 2008. Oleaceae. Flora de la República de phostachys and Sorengia. Taxon 59: 1535–1546.
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 14(2): 1–46. 528. Chemisquy, M.A., L.M. Giussani, M.A. Scataglini, E.A. Kellogg
504. Beurton, C. 2008. Rutaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie & O. Morrone. 2010 Phylogenetic studies favour the unification
A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 14(3): 1–134. of Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum: a combined nuclear,
505. Aguilar Trujillo, J.R., M. Betancourt Gandul, C. Cabreara Rivas & plastid and morphological combined analysis, and nomenclatural
A.J. Urquiola Cruz. 2009. Nelumbonaceae. Flora de la República combinations in Cenchrus. Ann. Bot. 106: 107–130.
de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 15(10): 1–8. 529. Saltonstall, K. & D. Hauber. 2007. Notes on Phragmites austra-
506. Aguilar Trujillo, J.R., C. Cabreara Rivas, M. Betancourt Gandul & lis (Poaceae: Arundinoideae) in North America. J. Bot. Res. Inst.
A.J. Urquiola Cruz. 2009. Nymphaeaceae. Flora de la República de Texas 1: 385–388.
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 15(11): 1–26. 530. Saltonstall, K., P.M. Peterson & R.J. Soreng. 2004. Recognition of
507. Urquiola Cruz, A.J., R. Novo Carbó & C. Cabrera Rivas. 2009. Phragmites australis subsp. americanus (Poaceae: Arundinoideae)
Potamogetonaceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas in North America: evidence from morphological and genetic analy-
Vasculares. Fasc. 15(12): 1–16. sis. Sida 21: 683–692.
508. Noa Monzón, A. 2009. Thymelaeaceae. Flora de la República de 531. Kuijt, J. 2011. Monograph of Dendropemon (Loranthaceae). Syst.
Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 15(13): 1–39. Bot. Mon. 92: 1–110.
509. Haynes R.R. & L.B. Holm-Nielsen. 2003. Potamogetonaceae. Fl. 532. McKenzie, P.M., P.W. Michael, L.E. Urbatsch, R.E. Noble & G.R.
Neotrop. Monogr. 85: 1–52. Proctor. 1993. First record of Echinochloa stagnina (Poaceae for
510. Anderson, C. 2007. Revision of Galphimia. Contr. Univ. Michigan Puerto Rico and key to the Echinochloa in the West Indies) Sida
Herb. 25: 1–82. 15(3): 527–532.
511. Vivaldi, J.L. 1979. The systematics of Malpighia L. (Malpighia- 533. Catasus Guerra, L. 2001 De Poaceis Cubensibus Notulae, III (in
ceae). Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University. 510 pp. floram novam cubensem stvdia intendentia). Fontqueria 55(4):
512. Wiersema, J.H. 1987. A monograph of Nymphaea subgenus Hy- 15–17.
drocallis (Nymphaeaceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 16: 1–112. 534. Clayton, D.W., K.T. Harman & H. Williamson. GrassBase – Online
513. Nir, M.A. 2000. Orchidaceae Antillanae. DAG Media, New York. World Grass Flora. http://www.kew.org/data/grassbase/index.html
453 pp. 535. Rúgolo de Agrasar, Z.E. & A.M. Molina. 2002. El género Lach-
514. Van den Berg, C. 2001. Nomenclatural notes on Laeliinae -III. nagrostis (Gramineae: Agrostideae) en América del Sur. In La Bo-
Notes on Cattleya and Quisqueya, and a new combination in Pros- tánica en el Nuevo Milenio, ed. A. Freire Fierro & D.A. Neill, pp.
thechea. Lindleyana 16: 142–143. 20–32. Memorias del Tercer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Botánica
515. Ackerman, J.D. (in press). Fl. Greater Ant. Orchidaceae. Mem. N.Y. FUNBOTANICA, Quito, Ecuador.
Bot. Gard. 536. Bauer, R. 2003. A synopsis of the tribe Hylocereeae F. Buxb. Cacta-
516. Ackerman, J.D. 2000. Notes on the Caribbean Orchid flora II. ceae Syst. Initiatives 17: 1–63.
Lindleyana 15: 89–95. 537. Ching-I Peng, C.F. Schmidt, P.C. Hoch & P.H. Raven. 2005. Sys-
517. Carnevali et al. 2003. Orchidaceae. In Flora of the Venezuelan tematics and evolution of Ludwigia sect. Dantia (Onagraceae)
Guayana, ed. P.E. Berry, K. Yatskievych & B.K. Holst, Vol. 7, pp. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 92: 307–359.
200–618. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. 538. Ching-I Peng. 1989. The systematics and evolution of Ludwigia
518. Denham, S.S. 2005. Revisión sistemática del subgénero Har- sect. Microcarpum (Onagraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76:
postachys de Paspalum (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Ann. 221–302.
Missouri Bot. Gard. 92: 463–532. 539. Barthlott, W. & D.R. Hunt. 1993. Cactaceae. In The Families and
519. Denham, S.S. 2006. A new combination for Thrasya robusta in Genera of Vascular Plants, ed. Kubitzki & C. Bayer, Vol. 2, pp.
Paspalum (Poaceae, Paniceae). Novon 16: 331. 161–197. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
number 9 8 • xxiii
540. Hunt, D., N. Taylor & G. Charles. 2006. The New Cactus Lexicon. 564. Fosberg, F.R. 1976. Ipomoea indica taxonomy: a tangle of Morn-
Dh Books, UK. ing Glories. Bot. Not. 129: 35–38.
541. Pratt, C., K. Lindsay, M. Pearson & C. Thomas. 2009. The Wild 565. Raz, L. 2007. Systematics and biogeography of West Indian Di-
Plants of Antigua and Barbuda: An Illustrated Field Guide to the oscoreaceae. Doctoral dissertation, New York University.
Native and Naturalized Vascular Plants. Environmental Awareness 566. Hopkins, H.C. 1986. Parkia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae). Fl.
Group (EAG) of Antigua and Barbuda, St. John’s, Antigua. Neotrop. Monogr. 43: 1–124.
542. Renner, S.S. & G. Hausner. 2005. Siparunaceae. Fl. Neotrop. 567. Mohlenbrock, R.H. 1961. A monograph of the Leguminous genus
Monogr. 95: 1–247. Zornia. Webbia 16: 1–141.
543. González Géigel, L. & R. Rankin Rodríguez. 2008 [“2006–2007”]. 568. Moreno, N.P. 1993. Taxonomic revision of Clematis L. subgenus
Un nuevo sinónimo de Forchhammeria trifoliata (Capparaceae Clematis (Ranunculaceae) for Latin America and the Caribbean.
sensu lato): Allophylus roigii; descrito en Sapindaceae. Revista Doctoral dissertation, Rice University, Houston, TX.
Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 27: 135–136. 569. Blanco, M.A. 2005. Un híbrido espontáneo entre Aristolochia
544. Howard, R.A. 1956. Studies of the genus Coccoloba, II. The identi- gorgona y A. grandiflora (Aristolochiaceae). Lankesteriana 5:
fication of Coccoloba swartzii Meisner and Coccoloba barbadensis 115–117.
Jacquin and their relatives. J. Arnold Arb. 37: 317–339. 570. Landrum, L.R. 1986. Campomanesia, Pimenta, Blepharocalyx, Le-
545. Mathias, M.E. & W.L. Theobald. 1981. A revision of the genus grandia, Acca, Myrrhinium, and Luma (Myrtaceae). Fl. Neotrop.
Hyperbaena (Menispermaceae). Brittonia 33: 81–104. Monogr. 45: 1–178.
546. Tripp, E.A., T.F. Daniel, J.C. Lendemer & L.A. McDade. 2009. 571. Simmonds, N.W. 1982. Bananas. 2nd ed. Longman, London.
New molecular and morphological insights prompt transfer of Ble- 572. Johnston, M.C. 1971. Revision of Colubrina. Brittonia 23: 2–53.
chum to Ruellia (Acanthaceae). Taxon 58: 893–906. 573. Johnston, M.C. 1964. The fourteen species of Ziziphus including
547. Calonje, M., A.W. Meerow & D.W. Stevenson. 2010. The typifica- Sarcomphalus (Rhamnaceae) indigenous to the West Indies. Amer.
tion of Zamia erosa and the priority of that name over Z. ambly- J. Bot. 51: 1113–1118.
phyllidia. Taxon 59: 637–642. 574. Negrón-Ortiz, V. & L.E. Watson. 2002. Molecular phylogeny and
548. Berg, C.C. 2007. Proposals for treating four species complexes in biogeography of Erithalis (Rubiaceae) an endemic of the Caribbean
Ficus subgenus Urostigma section Americanae (Moraceae). Blumea basin. Plant Syst. Evol. 234: 71–83.
52: 295–312. 575. Negrón-Ortiz, V. & L.E. Watson. 2003. Hypotheses for the coloni-
549. Howard, R.A., K.S. Clausen & W.T. Gillis. 1981. William Hamil- zation of the Caribbean basin by two genera of Rubiaceae: Erithalis
ton (1783–1856) and the Prodromus Plantarum Indiae Occidenta- and Ernodea. Syst. Bot. 28: 442–451.
lis (1825). J. Arnold Arb. 62: 211–242. 576. Negrón-Ortiz, V. 2005. Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical ge-
550. Berg, C.C. & X. Villavicencio. 2004. Taxonomic studies on Ficus nus Erithalis (Rubiaceae: Chiococceae): Sida 21: 1565–1598.
(Moraceae) in the West Indies, extra-Amazonian Brazil, and Bo- 577. Taylor, C.M. 1993. Revision of Palicourea (Rubiaceae: Psychotriae)
livia. Ilicifolia 4: 1–129 + 45 figs. in the West Indies. Moscosoa 7: 201–241.
551. Wagner, W.L., P.C. Hoch & P.H. Raven. 2007. Revised classifica- 578. Taylor, C.M. 1994. Revision of Hillia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
tion of Onagraceae. Syst. Bot. Mon. 83: 1–240. 81: 571–609.
552. Howard, R.A. 1957. Studies in the genus Coccoloba, III. The Ja- 579. Lewis, W.L. & R.L. Oliver. 1974. Revision of Richardia (Rubia-
maican species. J. Arnold Arb. 38: 81–106. ceae). Brittonia 26: 271–301.
553. Howard, R.A. 1949. The genus Coccoloba in Cuba. J. Arnold Arb. 580. Votava, F.V. 1973. A Taxonomic revision of the genus Thouinia
30: 388–424. (Sapindaceae). Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, New
554. Howard, R.A. 1957. Studies in the genus Coccoloba, IV. The spe- York.
cies from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and from the Bahama 581. Lourteig, A. 2000. Oxalis L. Subgéneros Monoxalis (Small) Lourt.,
Islands. J. Arnold Arb. 38: 211–242. Oxalis y Trifidus Lourt. Bradea 7: 201–629.
555. Farjon, A. & B.T. Styles. 1997. Pinus (Pinaceae). Fl. Neotrop. 582. Swingle, W.T. 1943. The Botany of Citrus and Its Wild Relatives
Monogr. 75: 1–291. of the Orange Subfamily. University of California Press, Berkeley.
556. Farjon, A. 2001. World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. 583. Cronquist, A. 1944. Studies in the Simaroubaceae-II. The genus
2nd ed. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew. Simarouba. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 71: 226–234.
557. Stearn, W.T. 1986. Nothoscordum gracile, the correct name of N. 584. Nevlin, L.I. 1959. A revision of the genus Daphnopsis. Ann. Mis-
fragrans and the N. inodorum of authors (Alliaceae). Taxon 35: souri Bot. Gard. 46: 257–363.
335–338. 585. Nevlin, L.I. 1970. Nomenclatural changes in Daphnopsis. J. Ar-
558. Krings, A., F. Areces Berazaín & J.C. Lazcano Lara. 2005. New nold Arb. 41: 412–413.
and rediscovered milkweeds from Cuba: Calotropis gigantea and 586. Croat, T.B. 1976. Stahphyllaceae. Flora of Panama. Part VI. Ann.
Gonolobus stephanotricus (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae). Will- Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 393–398.
denowia 35: 315–318. 587. Ståhl, B. 1992. On the identity of Jacquinia armillaris (Theo-
559. Bisse, J. 1988. Árboles de Cuba. Havana. phrastaceae) and related species. Brittonia 44: 54–60.
560. Alwan Al Mayah, A.R.A. & C.A. Stace. 1989. New species, names, 588. Ståhl, B. & M. Kallersjö. 2004. Reinstatement of Bonellia (Theo-
and combinations in American Combretaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. phrastaceae). Novon 14:113–118.
Gard. 76: 1125–1128. 589. Cedeño- Maldonado, J.A. & R.G. O’Reilly. 1996. Nashia ina-
561. Graham, S.A. 2010. Revision of the Caribbean genus Ginoria (Ly- guensis (Verbenaceae): New records for the floras of St. Croix and
thraceae), including Haitia from Hispaniola. Ann. Missouri Bot. Puerto Rico. Caribb. J. Sci. 32: 115. 1996.
Gard. 97: 34–90. 590. Ståhl, B. 2010. Theophrastaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 105: 1–160.
562. Graham, S.A. 2005. Typification of some names in the Lythraceae, 591. Maas, P.J.M. 1977. Renealmia (Zingiberaceae-Zingiberoideae). Fl.
with emphasis on names by A. Grisebach. Harvard Pap. Bot. 9: Neotrop. Monogr. 18: 1–161.
297–304. 592. Faden, R.B. 2008. The author and typification of Tradescantia zeb-
563. Robinson, H. 1983. A Generic Revision of the Tribe Liabeae (As- rina (Commelinaceae). Kew Bull. 63: 679–680.
teraceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, No. 54. Smithson- 593. Hitchcock, A.S. 1909. Catalogue of the grasses of Cuba. Contr.
ian Institution Press, Washington, DC. 69 pp. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12(6): 183–258.
xxiv • smithsonian contributions to botany
594. Iltis, H.H. & X. Cornejo. 2010. Studies in the Capparaceae XXIX: 620. Berazaín Iturralde, R., 2010. Clethraceae. Flora de la República de
Synopsis of Quadrella, A Mesoamerican and West Indies Genus. J. Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 16(2): 1–29.
Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4: 117–132. 621. Berazaín Iturralde, R., 2010. Cyrilaceae. Flora de la República de
595. Prather, L.A. 1999. Systematics of Cobaea (Polemoniaceae). Syst. Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 16(3): 1–19.
Bot. Monogr. 57: 1–81. 622. Duno de Estefano, R. & D.F. Angulo Pérez. 2010. Icacinaceae.
596. Merrill, E.D. 1938. A critical consideration of Houttuyn’s new Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc.
genera and new species of plants, 1773–1783. J. Arnold Arb. 19: 16(4): 1–13.
291–375. 623. DunFerrufino Acosta, L. & W. Greuter. 2010. Smilacaceae. Flora
597. Stearn, W.T. 1960. Allium and Milula in the central and eastern de la República de Cuba, Serie A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 16(5):
Himalayas. Bull. Brit. Mus. Bot. 2: 161–191. 1–23.
598. Reznicek, A.A. & M.S. González-Elizondo. 1995. The Carex lurida 624. Yuan, Y.-W., D.J. Mabberley, D.A. Steane & R.G. Olmstead. 2010.
group (Cyperaceae) in the Neotropics. Contrib. Univ. Michigan Further desintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiac-
Herb. 20: 217–230. eae): Implications for understanding of the evolution of an intrig-
599. Rogers, G.K., 2000. A taxonomic revision of the genus Agave (Aga- guin breeding strategy. Taxon 59: 125–133.
vaceae) in the Lesser Antilles, with an ethnobotanical hypothesis. 625. Liogier, A. 1980. Novitaes Antillanae VIII. Phytologia 47: 172–173.
Brittonia 52: 218–233. 626. Martin, C.V., D.P. Little, R. Goldenberg & F. Michelangeli. 2008. A
600. Bogler, D.J. 2006. Leondoton. In Flora of North America, ed. FNA phylogenetic evaluation of Leandra (Miconieae, Melastomataceae):
Editorial Committee, Vol. 19, pp. 294–296. Oxford University a polyphyletic genus where the seeds tell the story, not the petals.
Press, New York. Cladistics 24: 315–327.
601. Gómez de la Maza, M. 1890. Catálogo de las periantiadas cubanas, 627. Taylor, C.M., D.H. Lorence & R.E. Gereau. 2010. Rubicearum
espontáneas y cultivadas. Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 213–278. Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XXV: The nocturnally flower-
602. Gandoger, M. 1924. Le genre Sida (Malvacées). Bull. Soc. Bot. ing Psychotria domingensis-Coussarea hondensis Group plus three
France 71(5–6): 627–633. other mesoamerican Psychotria species transfered to Palicourea.
603. Pfeil, B.E. & M.D. Crisp. 2005. What to do with Hibiscus? A pro- Novon 20: 481–492.
posed nomenclatural resolution for a larger and well-known genus 628. O’Leary, N., M.E. Múlgura & O. Morrone. 2010. Revisión tax-
of Malvaceae and comments on paraphyly. Austral. Syst. Bot. 18: onómica de las especies del género Verbena (Verbanaceae). II: Serie
49–60. Verbena. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 87: 365–424.
604. Cristóbal, C.L. 1989. Comentarios acerca de Guazuma ulmifolia 629. McDowell, T. 1995. A Monograph of Exostema. Doctoral disserta-
(Sterculiaceae). Bonplandia (Corrientes) 6(3): 183–196. tion, Duke University.
605. Mabberley, D.J. 1981. Edward Nathaniel Bancroft’s obscure botan- 630. Feldmann, P. & N. Barré. 2001. Atlas des orchidées sauvages de la
ical publications and his father’s plant names. Taxon 30(1): 7–17. Guadeloupe. Coll. Patrimones Naturels 48: 1–228.
606. Cook, O.F. & G.N. Collins. 1903. Economic plants of Porto Rico. 631. DeLisle, D.G. 1963. Taxanomy and distribution of the genus Cen-
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8(2): chrus. Iowa State J. Sci. 37: 259–351.
607. Dorr, L.J. & J.H. Wiersema. 2010. Names of Vascular plants pub- 632. Reynel, C. 1995. Systematics of Neotropical Zanthoxylum (Ruta-
lished in Loefling’s Iter Hispanicum (1758) and its German transla- ceae) with an account on the wood anatomy of the genus. Doctoral
tion (1766). Taxon 59: 1245–1262. dissertation, University of Missouri, St. Louis.
608. Kostermans, A.J.G.H. 1961. Basiloxylon K. Schumann and Ptery- 633. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Endangered Species Program. Listed
gota Endl. (Stercul.). Reinwardtia 5(4): 415–417. Plants. http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/listedPlants.jsp
609. Stehlé, H. 1943. Les Malvacées des Antilles françaises. Boissiera 634. Longhi-Wagner, H.M., R.M. Baldini & C. Araújo. 2010. Cypera-
7: 27–45. ceae Raddianae: A nomenclatural and taxonomical study of the
610. Yadav, A.K. 1999. Phalsa: A Potential New Small Fruit for Georgia. Cyperaceae published in G. Raddi’s Agrostografia brasileinsis. Kew
In Perspectives on New Crops and New Uses, ed. J. Janick, pp. Bull. 65: 449–461.
348–352. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA. 635. Hartog den, C. 1964. An apporach to the taxonomy of the sea-grass
611. Britton, N.L. 1918. The flora of the American Virgin Islands. Mem. genus Halodule Endl. (Potamogetonaceae). Blumea 12: 283–312.
Brooklyn Bot. Gard. 1: 19–118. 636. Monachino, J. 1955. Galactia glaucescens and Zeuxune in Cuba.
612. Kearney, T.H. 1954. A tentative key to the Noth American species Mem. Soc. Cuba Hist. Nat. 22(2): 111.
of Sida L. Leafl. W. Bot. 7(6): 138–150. 637. Short, F.T., G.E. Moore & K.A. Peyton. 2010. Halophila ovalis in
613. Liogier, A.H. 1969. Flora de Cuba: Suplemento. Editorial Sucre, the tropical Atlantic ocean. Aquatic Botany 93: 141–146.
Caracas. 638. Ruiz, H. & D.L. Ballantine. 2004. Occurrence of the seagrass
614. Dalgren, B.E. & S.F. Glassman. 1963. A revision of Copernicia, 2. Halophila stipulacea in the tropical west Atlantic. Bull. Mar. Sci.
West Indian species. Gentes Herb. 9: 43–232. 75: 131–135.
615. Grimm, D.T. 2009. Systematics of the genus Chaetolepis (Melas- 639. Bernardi, L. 2000. Consideraciones taxonómicas y fitogeográficas
tomataceae) a morphological cladistic analysis, biogeographical acerca de 101 Polygalae americanas. Cavanillesia Alt. 1: 1–470.
investigation, and taxonomic revision. M.S. thesis, San Francisco 640. Brummitt, R.K. 2011. Report of the nomenclature committee for
State University. vascular plats: 62. Taxon 60: 226–232.
616. Lehtonen, S. & L. Myllys. 2008. Cladistic analysis of Echinodorus 641. Todzia, C.A. 1992. A reevaluation of the genus Phyllostylon (Ulma-
(Alismataceae): simultaneous analysis of molecular and morpho- ceae). Sida 15: 263–270.
logical data. Cladistics 24: 218–239. 642. Judd, W.S., G.M. Ionta & K.C. Campbell. (in press). Miconia py-
617. Landolt, E. 1986. The family Lemnaceae-a monographic study. ramidalis (Melastomataceae: Miconieae): Reported for the first
Veröff. Geobot. Inst. ETH Stiftung Rübel Zürich 71: 7–566. time from Jamaica. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas.
618. Mass, P.J.M., L.Y.T.H. Westra & M. Vermeer. 2007. Revision of 643. Liogier, A.H. & L.F. Martorell. 2000. Flora of Puerto Rico and
the neotropical genera Bocageopsis, Onychopetalum, and Unonop- Adjacent Islands: A Systematic Synopsis. 2nd ed. Editorial de la
sis. Blumea 52: 413–554. Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.
619. Mory, B. 2010. Celastraceae. Flora de la República de Cuba, Serie 644. Hopkins, C.O. & W.H. Blackwell. 1977. Synopsis of Suaeda (Che-
A, Plantas Vasculares. Fasc. 16(1): 1–80. nopodiaceae) in North America. Sida 7: 147–173.
number 9 8 • xxv
645. Collections at the BM Herbarium, London. 648. Archila Morales, F.L. 2002b. Addenda et corrigenda para Sudamer-
646. Nicolson, D.H. 1986. Species epithets and gender information. lycaste Archila. Rev. Guatemalensis 5(3): 77–82.
Taxon 35: 323–328. 649. Archila Morales, F.L. 2011. Sudamerlycaste pegueroi Archila,
647. Archila Morales, F.L. 2002a. Sudamerlycaste Archila, Un Nuevo nueva especie del género Sudamerlycaste Archila (Orchidaceae)
género para Sudamérica. Rev. Guatemalensis 5(2): 16–34. para La Española. Moscosoa 17: 22–28.
Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies
Acanthaceae Anthacanthus bispinosus Griseb. = Barleriola solanifolia (L.) Oerst. ex

Reviewed by D. Wasshausen Lindau
Anthacanthus cuneatus Nees = Oplonia microphylla (Lam.) Stearn
Genera. Total: 40; native: 21; endemic: 6.
Taxa. Total: 180; native: 125; endemic: 99. Anthacanthus jamaicensis Griseb. = Oplonia acicularis (Sw.) Stearn
Anthacanthus lycioides (Link) Nees = Oplonia microphylla (Lam.) Stearn
Acanthus montanus (Nees) T. Anderson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 37.
1863 [“1864”]; Cheilopsis montana Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Anthacanthus microphyllus (Lam.) Nees = Oplonia microphylla (Lam.)
Prodr. 11: 272. 1847. Stearn
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola (Dominican Republic); native to Anthacanthus nannophyllus Urb. = Oplonia nannophylla (Urb.) Stearn
Africa and Europe.
Anthacanthus purpurascens Griseb. = Oplonia purpurascens (Griseb.)
Common Name: Cardo santo extranjero (Dominican Republic).
Stearn
References: 7, 159.
Anthacanthus spinosus (Jacq.) Nees = Oplonia spinosa (Jacq.) Raf.
Adhatoda carthagenensis (Jacq.) Nees = Justicia carthagenensis Jacq.
subsp. spinosa
Adhatoda cydoniifolia Nees = Justicia cydoniifolia (Nees) Lindau
Anthacanthus spinosus sensu Lindau = Oplonia acicularis (Sw.) Stearn
Adhatoda eustachiana (Jacq.) Nees = Justicia eustachiana Jacq.
Anthacanthus spinosus (Jacq.) Nees var. horridus Nees = Oplonia
Adhatoda origanoides Nees = Justicia alainii Stearn spinosa (Jacq.) Raf. subsp. insularis Borhidi
Adhatoda periplocifolia (Jacq.) Nees = Justicia periplocifolia Jacq. Anthacanthus tetrastichus C. Wright ex Griseb. = Oplonia tetrasticha
Adhatoda reflexiflora (Vahl) Nees = Justicia periplocifolia Jacq. (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Stearn
Adhatoda sphaerosperma (Vahl) Nees = Justicia sphaerosperma Vahl Apassalus cubensis (Urb.) Kobuski, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 2.
1928; Dyschoriste cubensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 381. 1912.
Adhatoda tetramera Bello = Siphonoglossa sessilis (Jacq.) D.N. Gibson Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Adhatoda vasica Nees = Justicia adhatoda L. References: 3, 30, 152.
Amphiscopia retusa (Vahl) Nees = Justicia carthagenensis Jacq. Apassalus diffusus (Nees) Kobuski, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 1.
1928, var. diffusus; Dipteracanthus diffusus Nees in A.L.P.P. de
*Ancistranthus harpochiloides (Griseb.) Lindau in I. Urban, Symb.
Candolle, Prodr. 11: 124. 1847; Dyschoriste diffusa (Nees) Urb.,
Antill. 2: 226. 1900; Dianthera harpochiloides Griseb., Cat. Pl.
Symb. Antill. 7: 380. 1912.
Cub. 196. 1866; Jacobinia harpochiloides (Griseb.) Benth. &
Dyschoriste humistrata Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 188. 1900.
Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 1114. 1876.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 5, 7, 30, 266.
References: 3, 30, 152.
Apassalus diffusus (Nees) Kobuski var. glabratus (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta
Ancylogyne longiflora Hook. f. = Sanchezia longiflora (Hook. f.) Hook.
Bot. Hung. 29: 189. 1983; Dyschoriste diffusa (Nees) Urb. var.
f. ex Planch.
glabrata Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 90. 1929.
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees in N. Wallich, Pl. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Asiat. Rar. 3: 116. 1832; Justicia paniculata Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 9. References: 7, 149.
1768.
Apassalus humistratus (Michx.) Kobuski, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15:
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and
3. 1928; Ruellia humistrata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 23. 1803;
Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, St. Vincent); native
Dyschoriste humistrata (Michx.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 486.
to tropical Asia.
1891.
Common Name: Rice bitters (Bahamas, Jamaica).
Ruellia diffusa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 195. 1866.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 159, 224.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, North America, and South
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
America.
Anthacanthus acicularis (Sw.) Nees = Oplonia acicularis (Sw.) Stearn References: 3, 7, 30, 151.
Anthacanthus acicularis sensu Lindau = Oplonia armata var. palliodor Apassalus parvulus Alain & Leonard, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Stearn, in part Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 20. 1956.
Anthacanthus acicularis sensu Lindau = Oplonia microphylla (Lam.) Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Stearn, in part References: 3, 39.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Anthacanthus armatus sensu Bello = Oplonia spinosa (Jacq.) Raf. Cuba (39).
subsp. spinosa
2 • smithsonian contributions to botany
Aphelandra acutifolia Nees = Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidw.) Lindl. Common Names: Black mangrove, Green turtle bough (Bahamas),
Manga, Mangle, Mangle prieto, Olive mangrove (Dominican
Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidw.) Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 31: t.
Republic), Manglier, Manglier noir, Palétuvier (Haiti), Black
12. 1845; Hemisandra aurantiaca Scheidw., Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci.
mangrove (Jamaica), Black mangrove, Bois de mèche, Mangle gris,
Bruxelles 9 (1): 23. 1842.
Olive mangrove (Lesser Antilles), Chifle de vaca, Mangle bobo,
Aphelandra acutifolia Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 299.
Mangle negro, Prieto, Salado, Siete cueros (Puerto Rico), Black
1847.
mangrove, Olive mangrove, Salt pond (Virgin Islands).
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola; native to Mexico, Central
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 45, 58, 123, 131, 147.
America, and South America.
References: 5, 7, 30, 159. Avicennia nitida Jacq. = Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn
Aphelandra deppeana Schltdl. & Cham. = Aphelandra scabra (Vahl) Sm. Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechm. ex Moldenke, Lilloa 4: 336.
1939.
Aphelandra incerta Leonard = Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacq.) Kunth
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Grenada, Martinique,
Aphelandra pectinata Willd. ex Nees = Aphelandra scabra (Vahl) Sm. St. Lucia) and South America.
Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacq.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, References: 1, 147.
A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 236. Barleria alata S. Moore = Barleria lancifolia T. Anderson
1818; Justicia pulcherrima Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 11. 1760.
Barleria coccinea L. = Ruellia coccinea (L.) Vahl
Aphelandra incerta Leonard, Bull. Dept. Agric. Trinidad & Tobago 2
(5): 362. 1954. Barleria cristata L., Sp. Pl. 636. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Vincent); Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
native to Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
America. Montserrat, St. Vincent), and Margarita; native to tropical Asia.
References: 1, 30, 151, 152, 159. Common Names: Jolie-jolie, Harré-volé (Haiti), Enana (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 123, 131, 150, 159, 295, 323.
Aphelandra scabra (Vahl) Sm. in A. Rees, Cycl. 39: n. 3. 1818.
Aphelandra deppeana Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 96. 1830. Barleria lancifolia T. Anderson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 28. 1863
Aphelandra pectinata Willd. ex Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: [“1864”].
297. 1847. Barleria alata S. Moore, J. Bot. 18: 266. 1880.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Mexico, Central America, Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Africa.
and South America. References: 151, 159, 254.
References: 5, 7, 30, 161. Barleria lupulina Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1483. 1832.
Aphelandra squarrosa Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 9: 89. 1847. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to South America. Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
References: 30, 152, 159. Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Martinique,
Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and Margarita; native to
Aphelandra tetragona (Vahl) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11:
Africa and tropical Asia.
295. 1847; Justicia tetragona Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 5. 1794.
Common Names: Barré volé, Barre voleur, Barré bolé (Haiti).
Justicia cristata Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 38. 1798.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 150, 159, 323.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to South America.
References: 30, 159. Barleria prionitis L., Sp. Pl. 636. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles
Arrhostoxylum coccineum (L.) Ness = Ruellia coccinea (L.) Vahl
(Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe); native to Africa and
Arrhostoxylum costatum Nees = Ruellia costata (Nees) Hiern. tropical Asia.
Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson in G.H.K. Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Common Names: Picanier jaune (Lesser Antilles), Espinosa amarilla
Zeyl. 235. 1860; Justicia gangetica L., Amoen. Acad. 4: 299. (Puerto Rico).
1759. References: 1, 2, 30, 58, 131, 159, 295.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Barleria pyramidata Lam. = Ruellia blechum L.
Jamaica; naturalized in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana,
Barleria repens Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 230. 1847.
St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda),
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Thomas);
Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
native to Old World.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and Margarita); native to
Reference: 254.
Africa and tropical Asia.
Common Name: Asistasia (Cuba). Barleria saturejoides Griseb. = Barleriola saturejoides (Griseb.) M. Gómez
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 45, 58, 132, 150, 159, 323. Barleria solanifolia L. = Barleriola solanifolia (L.) Oerst. ex Lindau
Avicennia germinans (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 3, 891. 1764; Bontia Barleria strigosa Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 379. 1800.
germinans L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1122. 1759. Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Thomas) and Lesser Antilles
Avicennia nitida Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 25. 1760. (Martinique); native to tropical Asia.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, References: 1, 30, 58, 152, 159.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix,
St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles *Barleriola inermis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 90. 1928.
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, References: 7, 152.
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, *Barleriola multiflora Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 91. 1928.
Curaçao, Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
and South America. References: 5, 7.
number 9 8 • 3
Barleriola reedii Ekman ex Urb. = Barleriola saturejoides (Griseb.) Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique) and Margarita;
M. Gomez subsp. saturejoides native to Mexico, Central America, and South America.
*Barleriola saturejoides (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist.
Nat. 23: 281. 1894, subsp. saturejoides; Barleria saturejoides Bravaisia tubiflora Hemsl. = Bravaisia berlandieriana (Nees) T.F. Daniel
Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 195. 1866. Brillantaisia owariensis P. Beauv., Fl. Oware 2: 68. 1818.
Barleriola reedii Ekman ex Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Neg. 20: Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to tropical Africa.
309. 1924. References: 151, 152, 254.
References: 3, 30. Calophanes angusta A. Gray = Dyschoriste angusta (A. Gray) Small
*Barleriola saturejoides (Griseb.) M. Gómez subsp. acunae Borhidi & Calophanes cubensis A. Rich. = Hygrophila costata Nees & T. Nees
O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 28. 1972 [“1971”]. Centrilla sagrana (A. Rich.) Lindau = Justicia sagrana (A. Rich.) Alain
Cheilopsis montana Nees = Acanthus montanus (Nees) T. Anderson
Reference: 149.
Crossandra axillaris Nees = Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees
*Barleriola saturejoides (Griseb.) M. Gómez subsp. hirsuta Borhidi &
O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 28. 1972 [“1971”]. Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees in N. Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 3: 98. 1832; Justicia infundibuliformis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 850.
Reference: 149. 1759.
Crossandra axillaris Nees in N. Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 98. 1832.
*Barleriola solanifolia (L.) Oerst. ex Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 63.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
1893; Barleria solanifolia L., Sp. Pl. 636. 1753.
(Guana, St. Croix, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Montserrat),
Anthacanthus bispinosus Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 525. 1862.
and Margarita; native to India.
Eranthemum cubensis Spreng. ex Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr.
Common Names: Crosandra (Cuba), Justicia (Dominican Republic),
11: 726. 1847.
Doña Juana (Puerto Rico).
Gerardia acuminata S.F. Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 100. 1917.
References: 1, 3, 7, 10, 58, 123, 131, 132, 230, 323.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
and Puerto Rico. Cryphiacanthus angustifolius Nees = Ruellia simplex C. Wright
Common Names: Doncella (Dominican Republic), Barré bolé (Haiti). Cryphiacanthus barbadensis Nees = Ruellia tuberosa L.
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 51, 58, 152, 295
Cyrtanthera aurea (Schltdl.) Nees = Justicia aurea Schltdl.
Beloperone amherstiae Nees = Justicia brasiliana Roth
*Dasytropis fragilis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 311. 1924.
Beloperone eustachiana (Jacq.) Benth. = Justicia eustachiana Jacq. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Beloperone jamaicensis (Britton) Britton ex S. Moore = Justicia Reference: 3.
jamaicensis Britton Dianthera androsaemifolia (Sieber ex Nees) Griseb. = Justicia
Beloperone lamarckiana Nees = Justicia mirabiloides Lam. androsaemifolia Sieber ex Nees
Beloperone nemorosa (Sw.) Nees = Justicia nemorosa Sw. Dianthera comata L. = Justicia comata (L.) Lam.
Beloperone nemorosa sensu Eggers = Justicia mirabiloides Lam. Dianthera eustachiana (Jacq.) J.F. Gmel. = Justicia eustachiana Jacq.
Beloperone portoricensis Nees = Justicia mirabiloides Lam. Dianthera glandulosa Griseb. = Justicia rugeliana (Griseb.) Lindau
Beloperone sphaerosperma (Vahl) Benth. = Justicia sphaerosperma Dianthera harpochiloides Griseb. = Ancistranthus harpochiloides
Vahl (Griseb.) Lindau
Blechum blechioides (Sw.) Hitchc. = Ruellia blechioides Sw. Dianthera obtusifolia Griseb. var. hirsuta Griseb. = Justicia sagrana
(A. Rich.) Alain
Blechum blechum (L.) Millsp. = Ruellia blechnum L.
Dianthera ovata Walter = Justicia ovata (Walter) Lindau
Blechum brownei Juss. = Ruellia blechnum L.
Dianthera pectoralis (Jacq.) Murray = Justicia pectoralis Jacq.
Blechum brownei Juss. f. puberulum Leonard = Ruellia blechnum L.
Dianthera peploides Griseb. = Justicia grisebachiana Acev.-Rodr.
Blechum killipii Leonard = Ruellia blechioides Sw.
Dianthera reptans (Sw.) Griseb. = Justicia reptans Sw.
Blechum laxiflorum Juss. = Ruellia blechioides Sw.
Dianthera rugeliana Griseb. = Justicia rugeliana (Griseb.) Lindau
Blechum pyramidatum (Lam.) Urb. = Ruellia blechnum L.
Dianthera sagrana (A. Rich.) Griseb. = Justicia sagrana (A. Rich.) Alain
Bravaisia berlandieriana (Nees) T.F. Daniel, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser.
4, 45 (8): 126. 1988; Onychacanthus berlandierianus Nees, Prodr. Dianthera secunda (Vahl) Griseb. = Justicia secunda Vahl
11: 217. 1847. Dianthera secunda (Vahl) Griseb. var. geniculata Griseb. = Justicia
Bravaisia tubiflora Hemsl., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 16: t. 1516. 1886. secunda Vahl
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and Central America.
References: 77, 151. Dianthera secunda (Vahl) Griseb. var. lucida (Andrews) Griseb. =
Justicia secunda Vahl
Bravaisia floribunda DC. = Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Standl.
Dianthera sessilis (Jacq.) Griseb. = Siphonoglossa sessilis (Jacq.) D.N.
Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: Gibson
1335. 1926; Amasonia integerrima Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2:
765. 1825. Diapedium assurgens (L.) Kuntze = Dicliptera sexangularis (L.) Juss.
Bravaisia floribunda DC., Biblioth. Universelle Genève 17: 133. 1838. Diapedium krugii (Urb.) Britton = Dicliptera krugii Urb.
Diapedium martinicense (Jacq.) Kuntze = Dicliptera martinicensis Drejerella blechoides Lindau = Justicia blechoides (Lindau) Stearn
(Jacq.) Juss. Drejerella calcicola Urb. = Justicia stearnii V.A.W. Graham var. stearnii
Diapedium sexangulare (L.) Kuntze = Dicliptera sexangularis (L.) Juss. Drejerella jamaicensis (Britton) S. Moore = Justicia jamaicensis Britton
Dicliptera assurgens (L.) Juss. = Dicliptera sexangularis (L.) Juss. Drejerella maestrensis Urb. = Justicia stearnii V.A.W. Graham var.
Dicliptera assurgens sensu A. Stahl = Justicia periplocifolia Jacq. maestrensis (Urb.) Acev.-Rodr.
Dicliptera krugii Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 577. 1911; Diapedium krugii Drejerella mirabiloides (Lam.) Lindau = Justicia mirabilioides Lam.
(Urb.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Drejerella nemorosa (Sw.) Lindau = Justicia nemorosa Sw.
Virgin Islands 6: 215. 1925.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Drejerella origanoides (Nees) Lindau = Justicia alainii Stearn
References: 30, 58, 152. Drejerella tomentosula Urb. = Justicia tomentosula (Urb.) Stearn
Dicliptera martinicensis (Jacq.) Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: Dyschoriste angusta (A. Gray) Small, Fl. Miami 168. 1913; Calophanes
268. 1807; Justicia martinicensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 11. 1760; angusta A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 324. 1878.
Diapedium martinicensis (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 484. Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America.
1891. Common Name: Twinflower (Bahamas).
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Reference: 45.
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique), and Trinidad.
Dyschoriste bayatensis (Urb.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 35. 1931;
References: 1, 30, 58, 152.
Hygrophila bayatensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 127. 1923.
Note: Reported in error for Puerto Rico and St. Croix.
Dicliptera mollis Nees = Dicliptera sexangularis (L.) Juss. References: 3, 30.
Dicliptera mucronata Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 387. 1912. Dyschoriste cubensis Urb. = Apassalus cubensis (Urb.) Kobusk.
Dyschoriste diffusa (Nees) Urb. = Apassalus diffusus (Nees) Kobuski
var. diffusus
Dicliptera obtusifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 388. 1912, var. obtusifolia
Dyschoriste diffusa (Nees) Urb. var. glabrata Urb. = Apassalus diffusus
(Nees) Kobuski var. glabratus (Urb.) Borhidi
Dychoriste humistrata Lindau = Apassalus diffusus (Nees) Kobuski var.
Dicliptera obtusifolia Urb. var. ciliifera Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
diffusus
Veg. 18: 197. 1922.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Dychoriste humistrata (Michx.) Kuntze = Apassalus humistratus
References: 5, 7. (Michx.) Kobiski
Dicliptera portoricensis Spreng. ex Schult. = Dicliptera sexangularis (L.) Dyschoriste thunbergiiflora (S. Moore) Lindau in H.G.A. Engler &
Juss. K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 302. 1895.
Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Thomas); native to Africa.
Dicliptera retusa (Vahl) Juss. = Justicia carthagenensis Jacq.
Reference: 152.
Dicliptera scorpioides Juss. = Dicliptera sexangularis (L.) Juss.
Ecbolium adhatoda (L.) Kuntze = Justicia adhatoda L.
Dicliptera sexangularis (L.) Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: 269.
Ecbolium androsaemifolium (Sieber ex Nees) Kuntze = Justicia
1807; Justicia sexangularis L., Sp. Pl. 16. 1753; Diapedium
androsaemifolia Sieber ex Nees
sexangulare (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 485. 1891.
Dicliptera mollis Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 490. 1847. Ecbolium carthagenense (Jacq.) Kuntze = Justicia carthagenensis Jacq.
Dicliptera portoricensis Spreng. ex Schult., Mant. 1: 149. 1822. Ecbolium comatum (L.) Kuntze = Justicia comata L.
Dicliptera scorpioides Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: 269. 1807.
Dicliptera vahliana Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 489. 1847. Ecbolium eustachianum (Jacq.) Kuntze = Justicia eustachiana Jacq.
Justicia assurgens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 850. 1759; Dicliptera assurgens Ecbolium origanoides (Nees) Kuntze = Justicia alainii Stearn
(L.) Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: 269. 1807; Diapedium
Ecbolium pectorale (Jacq.) Kuntze = Justicia pectoralis Jacq.
assurgens (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 485. 1891.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Ecbolium periplocifolium (Jacq.) Kuntze = Justicia periplocifolia Jacq.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Ecbolium reflexiflorum (Vahl) Kuntze = Justicia periplocifolia Jacq.
North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Name: Banderita (Cuba). Ecbolium reptans (Sw.) Kuntze = Justicia reptans Sw.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 151, 152, 295. Ecbolium retusum (Vahl) Kuntze = Justicia carthagenensis Jacq.
Dicliptera vahliana = Dicliptera sexangularis (L.) Juss. Ecbolium secundum (Vahl) Kuntze = Justicia secunda Vahl
Dipteracanthus diffusus Nees = Apassalus diffusus (Nees) Kobuski var. Ecbolium sessile (Jacq.) Kuntze = Siphonoglossa sessilis (Jacq.) D.N.
diffusus Gibson
Dipteracanthus domingensis Nees = Ruellia domingensis Spreng. ex Ecbolium sphaerospermum (Vahl) Kuntze = Justicia sphaerosperma Vahl
Nees
Ecbolium verticillare (Nees) Kuntze = Justicia martinsoniana R.A.
Dipteracanthus jamaicensis Nees = Blechum blechioides (Sw.) Hitchc. Howard
Dipteracanthus nudiflorus Engelm. & A. Gray = Ruellia nudiflora Elytraria bissei H. Dietr., Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 3(2):
(Engelm. & A. Gray) Urb. var. nudiflora 41. 1982.
Dipteracanthus subringens Nees = Ruellia subringens (Nees) Lindau Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
number 9 8 • 5
References: 39, 149. Eranthemum nervosum (Vahl) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. =
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Eranthemum pulchellum Andrews
Cuba (39). Eranthemum pulchellum Andrews, Bot. Repos. 2: t. 88. 1800.
Elytraria crenata Leonard = Elytraria cubana Alain Eranthemum nervosum (Vahl) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 1:
174. 1817; Justicia nervosa Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 164. 1804.
Elytraria cubana Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
Salle” 15: 21. 1956.
(Barbados, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
Elytraria crenata Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 23: 311. 1938, nom.
Vincent), Margarita, and Suriname; native to India.
illeg.
Common Names: Azulejo, Verbena (Dominican Republic).
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 224, 323, 348.
References: 3, 152.
Elytraria filicaulis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23:
Fittonia albivenis (Veitch) Brummitt, Bot. Mag. 182: 165. 1979.
315. 1978 [“1977”].
Fittonia verschaffeltii (Lem.) Van Houtte, J. Gen. Hort. 15: 185. 1865;
Gymnostachyum verschaffeltii Lem., Ill. Hort. 10: t. 372. 1863.
Reference: 149.
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola and Margarita.
Elytraria planifolia Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28: 311. 1938, subsp. References: 7, 161, 323.
planifolia
Fittonia verschaffeltii (Lem.) Van Houtte = Fittonia albivenis (Veitch)
Brummitt
Reference: 3.
Gerardia acuminata S.F. Blake = Barleriola solanifolia (L.) Oerst. ex
Elytraria planifolia Leonard subsp. acunae Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad.
Lindau
Sci. Hung. 23: 315. 1978 [“1977”].
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Gerardia bracteosa Britton & Millsp. = Stenandrium bracteosum
Reference: 149. (Britton & Millsp.) Britton & Leonard
Elytraria prolifera Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28: 310. 1938. Gerardia droseroides (Nees) S.F. Blake = Stenandrium droseroides Nees
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). subsp. droseroides
Reference: 7. Gerardia pinetorum Britton & P. Wilson = Stenandrium pinetorum
Elytraria shaferi (P. Wilson) Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24: 446. (Britton & P. Wilson) Alain
1934; Tubiflora shaferi P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 111. Gerardia portoricensis Britton & P. Wilson = Stenandrium tuberosum
1920. (L.) Urb.
References: 3, 156. Gerardia tuberosa L. = Stenandrium tuberosum (L.) Urb.
Elytraria spathulifolia Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Goldfussia colorata Nees = Strobilanthes colorata (Nees) T. Anderson
Hung. 23: 315. 1978 [“1977”]. Goldfussia glomerata Nees = Strobilanthes glomerata (Nees)
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. T. Anderson
References: 39, 149.
Graptophyllum hortense Nees = Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39). Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 139. 1854; Justicia
picta L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 21. 1762.
Elytraria squamosa (Jacq.) Lindau, Anales Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Nac.
Graptophyllum hortense Nees in N. Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 102.
Costa Rica 8: 299. 1895; Verbena squamosa Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort.
1832.
Schoenbr. 1: 3. 1797.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Elytraria tridentata Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 107. 1804.
Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), and Margarita; native of Malesia.
Elytraria tridentata Vahl var. wrightii M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist.
Common Names: Guacamayo, Justicia, Papagayo, Unión de los casados
Nat. 23: 280. 1894.
(Cuba), Panache morado (Dominican Republic), Caricature plant,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Match-me-not (Jamaica), Café con leche, Café de jardín (Puerto
References: 5, 7, 30, 152.
Rico).
Elytraria tridentata Vahl = Elytraria squamosa (Jacq.) Lindau References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150, 223, 230, 295, 323.
Elytraria tridentata Vahl var. wrightii M. Gómez = Elytraria squamosa Gymnostachyum verschaffeltii Lem. = Fittonia albinervis (Veitch)
(Jacq.) Lindau Brummitt
Eranthemum acanthodes Spreng. = Scolosanthus acanthodes (Spreng.) Hemigraphis alternata (Burm. f.) T. Anderson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.
Urb. (Rubiaceae) 7: 114. 1863 [“1864”]; Ruellia alternata Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 135.
Eranthemum atropurpureum Hort. ex A. de Vos = Pseuderanthemum 1768.
carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin Hemigraphis colorata (Blume) Hallier f., Nova Acta Acad. Caes.
Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 70: 199. 1897; Ruellia colorata
Eranthemum carruthersii Seem. = Pseuderanthemum carruthersii Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 14: 795. 1826.
(Seem.) Guillaumin Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (St.
Eranthemum cubensis Spreng. ex Nees = Barleriola solanifolia (L.) Lucia), and Margarita; native to Asia.
Oerst. ex Lindau Common Names: Cucaracha (Dominican Republic), Asia negra (Puerto
Rico).
Eranthemum emarginatum Link = Oplonia spinosa (Jacq.) Raf. subsp.
References: 1, 7, 58, 131, 132, 150, 159, 223, 323.
insularis Borhidi
Hemigraphis colorata (Blume) Hallier f. = Hemigraphis alternata
Eranthemum lycioides Link = Oplonia microphylla (Lam.) Stearn
(Burm. f.) T. Anderson
Hemigraphis reptans (Forst. f.) T. Anderss in W.B. Hemsley, Rep. Voy. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Challenger, Bot. 1: 173. 1885. Reference: 3.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico. Probably native to the Pacific
Justicia alainii Stearn, J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 643. 1971.
Region.
Adhatoda origanoides Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 407.
Reference: 58.
1847; Drejerella origanoides (Nees) Lindau in I. Urban, Symb.
Hemisandra aurantiaca Scheidw. = Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidw.) Antill. 2: 224. 1900; Ecbolium origanoides (Nees) Kuntze, Revis.
Lindl. Gen. Pl. 2: 981. 1891; Justicia origanoides (Nees) Griseb., Cat. Pl.
Hygrophila bayatensis Urb. = Dyschoriste bayatensis (Urb.) Urb. Cub. 197. 1866, nom. illeg., non Vahl, 1804.
Hygrophila brasiliensis (Spreng.) Lindau = Hygrophila costata Nees & References: 3, 152.
T. Nees
Justicia alsinoides Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 416. 1924.
Hygrophila costata Nees & T. Ness, Pl. Hort. Bonn. Icon. 2: 7. 1824. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Calophanes cubensis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. Reference: 7.
11: 160. 1850.
Hygrophila brasiliensis (Spreng.) Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: Justicia androsaemifolia Sieber ex Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr.
183. 1900; Ruellia brasiliensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 822. 11: 352. 1847; Dianthera androsaemifolia (Sieber ex Nees)
1825. Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 455. 1862; Ecbolium androsaemifolium
Hygrophila guianensis Nees ex Benth., London J. Bot. 4: 634. 1845. (Sieber ex Nees) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 980. 1891; Rhytiglossa
Hygrophila hispida Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 87. 1847. androsaemifolia (Sieber ex Nees) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle,
Hygrophila portoricensis Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 92. Prodr. 11: 352. 1847.
1847. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Ruellia lacustris Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 96. 1830; Hygrophila Martinique).
lacustris (Schltdl. & Cham.) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. Reference: 1.
11: 86. 1847. Justicia armata Sw. = Oplonia armata (Sw.) Stearn var. armata
Ruellia salicifolia sensu Bertero ex Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr.
Justicia assurgens L. = Dicliptera sexangularis (L.) Juss.
11: 92. 1847, non Vahl.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Justicia aurea Schltdl., Linnaea 7: 393. 1832; Cyrtanthera aurea
Central America, and South America. (Schltdl.) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 329. 1847;
Common Name: Yerba de jicotea (Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico). Jacobinia aurea (Schltdl.) Hemsl. Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. 35. 1879.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 58, 150, 349. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Mexico, Central America, and
South America (Colombia).
Hygrophila guianensis Nees ex Benth. = Hygrophila costata Nees &
Common Names: Cirtantera amarilla, Jacobinia (Cuba).
T. Nees
Hygrophila hispida Nees = Hygrophila costata Nees & T. Nees
Justicia blechoides (Lindau) Stearn, J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 640. 1971;
Hygrophila lacustris (Schltdl. & Cham.) Nees = Hygrophila costata Drejerella blechoides Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 6: 43. 1909.
Nees & T. Nees Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Hygrophila portoricensis Nees = Hygrophila costata Nees & T. Nees Reference: 149.
Hypoestes phyllostachya Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 511. 1887. Justicia borinquensis Britton = Siphonoglossa sessilis (Jacq.) D.N.
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to Gibson
Madagascar. Justicia brandegeeana Wassh. & L.B. Sm., Fl. Ilustr. Catarin. 102. 1969
References: 7, 58, 150. [as brandegeana].
Jacobinia aurea (Schltdl.) Hemsl. = Justicia aurea Schltdl. Justicia fulvicoma sensu Liogier, Fl. Española 7: 112. 1995, non
Schlecht.
Jacobinia carnea (Lindl.) G. Nicholson = Justicia carnea Lindl. Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Margarita;
Jacobinia harpochiloides (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. = Ancistranthus native to Mexico, Central America, and South America.
harpochiloides (Griseb.) Lindau Common Name: Camarón (Puerto Rico).
References: 7, 131, 150, 151, 254, 323.
Jacobinia jamaicensis Britton = Justicia jamaicensis (Britton) Stearn
Justicia brasiliana Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 17. 1821.
Jacobinia magnifica Benth. = Justicia carnea Lindl.
Beloperone amherstiae Nees in N. Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 102. 1832.
Jacobinia spicigera (Schltdl.) L.H. Bailey = Justicia spicigera Schltdl. Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique); native to South
Justicia abeggii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 93. 1928. America.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. References: 1, 30, 159.
References: 5, 7. Justicia buchii Urb. = Siphonoglossa buchii (Urb.) Hilsenb.
Justicia acicularis Sw. = Oplonia acicularis (Sw.) Stearn Justicia calcicola (Urb.) Stearn var. calcicola = Justicia stearnii V.A.W.
Justicia adhatoda L., Sp. Pl. 15. 1753; Ecbolium adhatoda (L.) Kuntze, Graham var. stearnii
Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 486. 1891. Justicia calcicola (Urb.) Stearn var. maestrensis (Urb.) Borhidi = Justicia
Adhatoda vasica Nees in N. Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 103. 1832. stearnii V.A.W. Graham var. maestrensis (Urb.) Acev.-Rodr.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Jamaica; native to Asia and Malesia.
Justicia callistachya Schltdl. & Cham. = Odontonema callistachyum
Common Name: Justicia (Cuba).
(Schltdl. & Cham.) Kuntze
References: 2, 3, 132, 159, 295.
Justicia carnea Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 17: t. 1397. 1831; Jacobinia
Justicia agria Alain & Leonard, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
carnea (Lindl.) G. Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 206. 1885.
“De La Salle” 15: 21. 1956.
number 9 8 • 7
Jacobinia magnifica Benth., Gen. Pl. 2: 1115. 1876. (Jacq.) J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2(1): 36. 1791; Ecbolium
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles eustachianum (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 980. 1891.
(Martinique), and Margarita; native to South America. Justicia ryani Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 1. 1797 [“1796”].
Common Names: Jacobinia (Cuba), Pompones (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Virgin Islands (St.
References: 1, 7, 30, 132, 147, 323. Croix) and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe,
Marie Galante, Montserrat, Redonda, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St.
Justicia carthagenensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 11. 1760; Adhatoda
Eustatius).
carthagenensis (Jacq.) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11:
Common Name: Grande marguerite (Lesser Antilles).
403. 1847; Ecbolium carthagenense (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.
Reference: 1, 645 (van Rohr 115).
2: 980. 1891.
Justicia retusa Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 8. 1791; Dicliptera retusa (Vahl) Justicia formosa Willd = Justicia nemorosa Sw.
Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: 268. 1807; Amphiscopia Justicia fulvicoma sensu Liogier = Justicia brandegeana Wassh. &
retusa (Vahl) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 403. 1847; L.B. Sm.
Ecbolium retusum (Vahl) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 981. 1891.
Justicia sanctae-martae Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 31: 377. 1902. Justicia gangetica L. = Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Justicia gendarussa Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 10. 1768.
Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia); native to
(Antigua, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Asia.
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Mexico, and South America. References: 1, 30, 152.
Common Name: Grande violette (Lesser Antilles).
Justicia grisebachiana Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov.; Justicia peploides
References: 1, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 152.
(Griseb.) Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 238. 1900, non
Justicia carthagenensis Vahl = Justicia mirabiloides Lam. T. Anderson, 1867; Dianthera peploides Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2:
Justicia comata (L.) Lam., Encycl. 1: 632. 1785; Dianthera comata L., 525. 1862.
Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 850. 1759; Ecbolium comatum (L.) Kuntze, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 487. 1891; Leptostachya comata (L.) Nees in References: 3, 30, 152.
A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 381. 1847; Stethoma comata (L.) Justicia hirsuta Jacq. = Gonzalagunia hirsuta (Jacq.) K. Schum.
Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin (Rubiaceae)
Islands 6: 218. 1925.
Justicia humifusa Sw. = Justicia comata (L.) Lam.
Justicia humifusa Sw., Prodr. 14. 1788.
Rhytiglossa havanensis Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 344. Justicia infundibuliformis L. = Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees
1847. Justicia jamaicensis (Britton) Stearn, J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 642. 1971;
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Jacobinia jamaicensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 16. 1914;
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Beloperone jamaicensis (Britton) Britton ex S. Moore, J. Bot. 65:
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 295. 221. 1927; Drejerella jamaicensis (Britton) S. Moore, J. Bot. 65:
Justicia cristata Jacq. = Aphelandra tetragona (Vahl) Nees 221. 1927.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Justicia cubana Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
References: 2, 152.
Salle” 15: 22. 1956.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Justicia lucida Andrews = Justicia secunda Vahl
Reference: 3. Justicia martinicensis Jacq. = Dicliptera martinicensis (Jacq.) Juss.
Justicia culebritae Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 41. 1919. Justicia martinsoniana R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 49: 400. 1968;
Distribution: Endemic to Culebra Island, Puerto Rico. Rhytiglossa verticillaris Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11:
References: 58, 61, 228. 354. 1847; Ecbolium verticillare (Nees) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:
Note: Originally spelled J. culubritae, an obvious mistake for the island 981. 1891; Justicia verticillaris (Nees) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 579.
of Culebrita (not Culubrita). 1911, nom. illeg., non L.f., 1782; Stethoma verticillaris (Nees)
Justicia cydoniifolia (Nees) Lindau in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin
Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 350. 1895; Adhatoda cydoniifolia Nees Islands 5: 218. 1925.
in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 9: 148. 1847. Justicia pectoralis sensu Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 241. 1900,
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola; native to South America. non Jacq.
References: 7, 159. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Justicia disparifolia Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 94. 1928.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Justicia mckenleyi Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 300. 1982.
References: 5, 7. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Reference: 149.
Justicia diversifolia Jenn., Ann. Carnegie Mus. 11: 259. 1917.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Justicia microphylla Lam. = Oplonia microphylla (Lam.) Stearn
Reference: 3. Justicia mirabiloides Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 39. 1791; Drejerella
Justicia dumosa Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 148. 1971. mirabiloides (Lam.) Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 222. 1900.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Beloperone lamarckiana Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 415.
References: 7, 152. 1847.
Beloperone nemorosa sensu Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 80. 1879, non (Sw.)
Justicia eustachiana Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 11. 1760; Adhatoda
Nees
eustachiana (Jacq.) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 404.
Beloperone portoricensis Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 414.
1847; Beloperone eustachiana (Jacq.) Benth. in G. Bentham &
1847.
J.D. Hooker, Gen. Pl. 2: 1111. 1876; Dianthera eustachiana
Justicia carthagenensis Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 136. 1804. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda),
Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas). Mexico, and South America.
References: 3, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 306. References: 3, 5, 19, 30, 58, 61, 152, 223, 224, 254.
Note: Erroneously equated to J. sphaerosperma by Liogier (58);
Justicia nemorosa Sw., Prodr. 14. 1788; Beloperone nemorosa (Sw.)
considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 415. 1847; Drejerella
nemorosa (Sw.) Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 223. 1900. Justicia picta L. = Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff.
Justicia formosa Willd., Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 28. 1809. Justicia pulcherrima Jacq. = Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacq.) Kunth
Reference: 2. Justicia racemulosa Wikstr., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl.
1825: 419. 1825; Tetramerium racemulosum (Wikstr.) Nees in
Justicia neoglandulosa M. Gómez = Justicia rugeliana (Griseb.) Lindau A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 468. 1847.
Justicia nervosa Vahl = Eranthemum pulchellum Andrews Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 2, 30.
Justicia nitida Jacq. = Odontonema nitidum (Jacq.) Kuntze
Justicia reflexiflora Vahl = Justicia periplocifolia Jacq.
Justicia nummularifolia Vahl = Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng.
Justicia reptans Sw., Prodr. 13. 1788; Dianthera reptans (Sw.) Griseb.,
Justicia origanoides (Nees) Griseb. = Justicia alainii Stearn
Fl. Brit. W. I. 455. 1862; Ecbolium reptans (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis.
Justicia ovata (Walter) Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 237. 1900; Gen. Pl. 2: 981. 1891; Rhytiglossa reptans (Sw.) Nees in A.L.P.P.
Dianthera ovata Walter, Fl. Carol. 63. 1768. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 343. 1847.
Rhytiglossa humilis Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 340. 1847. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and Guatemala.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America. References: 3, 5, 7, 30.
Justicia retusa Vahl = Justicia carthagenensis Nees
Justicia paniculata Burm. f. = Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall.
Justicia roigii Britton ex Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
ex Nees
“De La Salle” 15: 22. 1956.
Justicia pauciflora Vahl = Siphonoglossa sessilis (Jacq.) D.N. Gibson Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Justicia pectoralis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 11. 1760; Dianthera pectoralis Reference: 3.
(Jacq.) Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 64. 1784; Ecbolium pectorale Justicia rugeliana (Griseb.) Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 244.
(Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 487. 1891; Rhytiglossa pectoralis 1900; Dianthera rugeliana Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 196. 1866.
(Jacq.) Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 9: 128. 1847; Dianthera glandulosa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 197. 1866.
Rhytiglossa pectoralis (Jacq.) Nees, London J. Bot. 4: 637. 1845; Justicia neoglandulosa M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 282.
Stethoma pectoralis (Jacq.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 61. 1838. 1894.
Rhytiglossa scabra Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 354. 1847. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Justicia sphaerosperma sensu Liogier, Descr. Fl. Puerto Rico 5: 36. References: 3, 30.
1997.
Justicia ryani Vahl = Justicia eustachiana Jacq.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), and Lesser Justicia sagrana (A. Rich.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, “De La Salle” 15: 23. 1956; Rhytiglossa sagrana A. Rich. in
Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent); native R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 163. 1850 [as sagraeana];
to Mexico, Central America, and South America. Centrilla sagrana (A. Rich.) Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2:
Common Names: Carpintero, Hierba de carpintero, Té criollo, Tilo, 232. 1900; Dianthera sagrana (A. Rich.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.
Tila, Yerba tila (Cuba), Carpintero, Carpintera, Curía, Yerba 196. 1866.
carpintera (Dominican Republic), Herbe au charpentier, Herbe Dianthera obtusifolia Griseb. var. hirsuta Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 525.
charpentier, Z’herbe au charpetier, Z’herbe charpentier (Haiti), 1862.
Fresh cut (Jamaica), Chapantyé (Lesser Antilles), Curía (Puerto Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Rico), Garden balsam, Herbe à charpentier, Sweet mint (Virgin Reference: 3.
Islands). Justicia sanctae-martae Lindau = Justicia carthagenensis Nees
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 58, 131, 132, 150, 151.
Justicia secunda Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 7. 1791; Ecbolium secundum
Justicia peploides (Griseb.) Lindau = Justicia grisebachiana Acev.-Rodr. (Vahl) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 488. 1891; Rhytiglossa secunda
Justicia peratanthoides Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 93. 1929. (Vahl) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 340. 1847;
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Dianthera secunda (Vahl) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 455. 1862.
References: 5, 7. Dianthera secunda (Vahl) Griseb. var. geniculata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.
455. 1862.
Justicia periplocifolia Jacq., Coll. Suppl. 5. t. 7. f. 2. 1797; Adhatoda
Justicia lucida Andrews, Bot. Repos. 5: t. 313. 1803; Rhacodiscus
periplocifolia (Jacq.) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 395.
lucidus (Andrews) Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 668. 1897;
1847; Ecbolium periplocifolium (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:
Rhytiglossa lucida (Andrews) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr.
981. 1891.
11: 490. 1847; Dianthera secunda (Vahl) Griseb. var. lucida
Adhatoda reflexiflora (Vahl) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 398.
(Andrews) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 455. 1862.
1847; Justicia reflexiflora Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 157. 1804; Ecbolium
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
reflexiflorum (Vahl) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 487. 1891.
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
Dicliptera assurgens sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 250.
Margarita, and South America.
1888, non Juss.
Common Names: St. John, St. John’s bush (Lesser Antilles).
Justicia vulgaris Bertero ex Schult., Mant. Pl. 1: 135. 1822.
References: 1, 30, 152, 323.
number 9 8 • 9
Justicia sessilis Jacq. = Siphonoglossa sessilis (Jacq.) D.N. Gibson Nelsonia brunellioides (Lam.) Kuntze = Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng.
Justicia sexangularis L. = Dicliptera sexangularis (L.) Juss. Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 42. 1824
[“1825”].
Justicia sphaerosperma Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 3. 1791; Adhatoda
Justicia nummularifolia Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 122. 1804.
sphaerosperma (Vahl) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr.
Nelsonia brunellioides (Lam.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 493. 1891.
11: 409. 1847; Beloperone sphaerosperma (Vahl) Benth. in
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Africa.
G. Bentham & J.D. Hooker, Gen. Pl. 2: 1111. 1876; Ecbolium
References: 6, 58.
sphaerospermum (Vahl) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 890. 1891.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Neriacanthus purdieanus Benth. in Bentham & J.D. Hooker, Gen. Pl.
Grenadines, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and South America. 2: 1096. 1876.
References: 1, 7, 30, 58, 152, 254. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Reference: 2.
Justicia sphaerosperma sensu Liogier = Justicia pectoralis Jacq.
Odontonema callistachyum (Schltdl. & Cham.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.
Justicia spicata Ruiz & Pav. = Pachystachys spicata (Ruiz & Pav.) Wassh.
2: 494. 1891; Justicia callistachya Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 6:
Justicia spicigera Schltdl., Linnaea 7: 395. 1832; Jacobinia spicigera 370. 1831; Thyrsacanthus callistachyus (Schltdl. & Cham.) Nees
(Schltdl.) L.H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1715. 1915. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 326. 1847.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas and Hispaniola; cultivated in Virgin Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to Mexico and
Islands (St. John); native to Mexico, Central America, and South Central America.
America (Brazil). Common Name: Coral (Dominican Republic).
References: 7, 45, 150. References: 3, 7, 30, 224.
Justicia spinigera Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 95. 1928. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Odontonema christii Lindau = Odontonema nitidum (Jacq.) Kuntze
References: 5, 7.
Odontonema cuspidatum (Nees) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 494. 1891;
Justicia spinosa Jacq. = Oplonia spinosa (Jacq.) Raf. Thyrsacanthus cuspidatus Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11:
Justicia spinosissima Alain, Brittonia 20: 148. 1968. 323. 1847.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Odontonema hookerianus sensu Griseb, Fl. Brit. W. I. 454. 1862, non
Reference: 7. Nees
Odontonema strictum sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
Justicia stearnii V.A.W. Graham, Kew Bull. 43: 609. 1988, var. stearnii; & Virgin Islands 6: 214. 1925.
Justicia calcicola (Urb.) Stearn var. calcicola, J. Arnold Arbor. 52: Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico, Lesser
644. 1971, nom. illeg., non Benoist, 1935; Drejerella calcicola Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia); native to Mexico.
Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 133. 1923. References: 1, 7, 58, 61, 150, 224, 254, 304.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Reference: 152.
Odontonema hookerianus sensu Griseb. = Odontonema cuspidatum
Justicia stearnii V.A.W. Graham var. maestrensis (Urb.) Acev.-Rodr. (Nees) Kuntze
comb. nov.; Justicia calcicola (Urb.) Stearn var. maestrensis (Urb.)
Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 189. 1983; Drejerella maestrensis Odontonema lindavii (Urb.) Acev.-Rodr. comb nov.; Phidiasia lindavii
Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 134. 1923. Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 132. 1923.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 30, 39, 149. References: 3, 149.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba Odontonema nitidum (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 494. 1891;
(39). Justicia nitida Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 11. 1760; Thyrsacanthus
Justicia stenophylla Urb. & Britton in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 389. nitidus (Jacq.) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 327. 1847.
1912. Odontonema nitidum (Jacq.) Kuntze var. album (Stehlé) V.M. Baum,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Brittonia 34: 431. 1982.
References: 3, 30, 39. Odontonema christii Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 384. 1912.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Cuba (39). and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique,
Justicia tetragona Vahl = Aphelandra tetragona (Vahl) Nees Montserrat, Nevis, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin,
Justicia tomentosula (Urb.) Stearn, J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 644. 1971; St. Vincent); recorded from the Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St.
Drejerella tomentosula Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 133. 1923. Thomas) long time ago.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Bois crabbe, Z’yeux crabbes, Bois crapaud,
References: 3, 149. Chapantyé gwan bwa, Bois-indien, Bois genou (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 3, 7, 61, 224.
Justicia verticillaris (Nees) Urb. = Justicia martinsoniana R.A. Howard
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Justicia vulgaris Bertero ex Schult. = Justicia periplocifolia Jacq.
Odontonema nitidum (Jacq.) Kuntze var. album (Stehlé) V.M. Baum =
Lepidagathis alopecuroides (Vahl) R. Br. ex Griseb. = Teliostachya Odontonema nitidum (Jacq.) Kuntze
alopecuroides (Vahl) Nees
Odontonema polyneura Alain = Odontadenia polyneura (Urb.)
Leptostachya comata (L.) Nees = Justicia comata (L.) Lam. Woodson (Apocynaceae)
Meninia turgida Fuaux = Phlogacanthus turgidus (Fuaux) Lindau Odontonema rubrum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 494. 1891.
Meyenia erecta Benth. = Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T. Anderson Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Flor del coral, Coral, Coral rojo, Coral punzó (Cuba). References: 39, 149.
Reference: 3. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Odontonema strictum sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Odontonema
cuspidatum (Nees) Kuntze Oplonia multigemma Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 312.
1978 [“1977”].
Onychacanthus berlandierianus Nees = Bravaisia berlandieriana (Nees)
T.F. Daniel
Reference: 149.
Oplonia acicularis (Sw.) Stearn, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 4(7):
Oplonia nannophylla (Urb.) Stearn, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot.
312. 1971; Justicia acicularis Sw., Prodr. 13. 1788; Anthacanthus
4(7): 313. 1971; Anthacanthus nannophyllus Urb., Repert. Spec.
acicularis (Sw.) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 460. 1847.
Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 350. 1924.
Anthacanthus jamaicensis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 457. 1862.
Anthacanthus spinosus sensu Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 216.
References: 3, 51.
1900, non (Jacq.) Nees.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Oplonia polyece (Stearn) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 312.
References: 2, 51, 152, 349. 1978 [“1977”]; Oplonia tetrasticha (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Stearn
var. polyece Stearn, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 4(6): 311.
Oplonia acunae Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 313. 1978
1971; Oplonia tetrasticha (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Stearn subsp.
[“1977”].
polyece (Stearn) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 45. 1973.
Cuba (39). Oplonia purpurascens (Griseb.) Stearn, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.),
Bot. 4(7): 313. 1971; Anthacanthus purpurascens Griseb., Cat. Pl.
Oplonia armata (Sw.) Stearn, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 4(7):
Cub. 197. 1866.
301. 1971, var. armata; Justicia armata Sw., Prodr. 13. 1788.
Anthacanthus acicularis sensu Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 214.
1900, non (Sw.) Nees.
Reference: 51.
Oplonia armata (Sw.) Stearn var. pallidior Stearn, Bull. Brit. Mus. References: 3, 30, 51.
(Nat. Hist.), Bot. 4(7): 302. 1971.
Oplonia spinosa (Jacq.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 65. 1838, subsp. spinosa;
Anthacanthus acicularis sensu Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 214.
Justicia spinosa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 11. 1760; Anthacanthus
1900, non (Sw.) Nees.
spinosus (Jacq.) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 460. 1847.
Psilanthele minor Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 383. 1912.
Anthacanthus armatus sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 301.
1881, non Nees.
References: 30, 51.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba,
Oplonia cubensis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 309. 1978 Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St.
[“1977”]. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Aruña canilla (Dominican Republic), Espinosa
Reference: 149. (Puerto Rico).
Oplonia jamaicensis (Lindau) Stearn, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. References: 3, 7, 19, 30, 32, 35, 45, 51, 58, 61, 131, 132, 349.
4(7): 300. 1971; Psilanthele jamaicensis Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Oplonia spinosa (Jacq.) Raf. subsp. insularis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad.
Antill. 5: 501. 1908. Sci. Hung. 23: 308. 1978 [“1977”].
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Anthacanthus spinosus (Jacq.) Nees var. horridus Nees in A.L.P.P. de
References: 2, 51, 152. Candolle, Prodr. 11: 460. 1847.
Oplonia microphylla (Lam.) Stearn, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. Eranthemum emarginatum Link, Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(3): 47. 1820.
4(7): 307. 1971; Justicia microphylla Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 37. Jasminum coeruleum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 410. 1891.
1791; Anthacanthus microphyllus (Lam.) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Candolle, Prodr. 11: 461. 1847. References: 51, 149.
Anthacanthus acicularis sensu Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 214. Oplonia tetrasticha (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Stearn, Bull. Brit. Mus.
1900, non (Sw.) Nees. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 4(7): 310. 1971; Anthacanthus tetrastichus
Anthacanthus cuneatus Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 461. C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 198. 1866.
1847. Anthacanthus acicularis sensu Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 214.
Anthacanthus lycioides (Link) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 1900, non (Sw.) Nees.
461. 1847; Eranthemum lycioides Link, Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(3): Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
47. 1820. References: 3, 51.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Oplonia tetrasticha (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Stearn subsp. polyece
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St.
(Stearn) Borhidi = Oplonia polyece (Stearn) Borhidi
Thomas, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Grenada,
Marie Galante, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy). Oplonia tetrasticha (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Stearn var. polyece Stearn =
Common Names: Aruña canilla (Dominican Republic), Amourette, Oplonia polyece (Stearn) Borhidi
Arrête boef (Lesser Antilles). Pachystachys coccinea (Aubl.) Nees = Pachystachys spicata (Ruiz &
References: 1, 2, 7, 19, 51, 58, 61. Pav.) Wassh.
Oplonia moana Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 308. 1978 Pachystachys lutea Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 320. 1847.
[“1977”]. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Margarita; native to Peru.
number 9 8 • 11
Common Name: Camarón (Dominican Republic). Rhytiglossa havanensis Nees = Justicia comata (L.) Lam.
References: 123, 323, 387. Rhytiglossa humilis Nees = Justicia ovata (Walter) Lindau
Pachystachys spicata (Ruiz & Pav.) Wassh., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 99: Rhytiglossa lucida (Andrews) Nees = Justicia secunda Vahl
175. 1986; Justicia spicata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 1: 8. 1798.
Pachystachys coccinea (Aubl.) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: Rhytiglossa pectoralis (Jacq.) Nees = Justicia pectoralis Jacq.
319. 1847. Rhytiglossa reptans (Sw.) Nees = Justicia reptans Sw.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Rhytiglossa sagrana A. Rich. = Justicia sagrana (A. Rich.) Alain
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
Margarita, and South America; exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Rhytiglossa scabra Nees = Justicia pectoralis Jacq.
and Virgin Islands (Tortola). Rhytiglossa secunda (Vahl) Nees = Justicia secunda Vahl
Common Names: Panache (Haiti), Chandelière, Panache d’officier,
Plumet d’officier (Lesser Antilles). Rhytiglossa sessilis (Jacq.) Nees = Siphonoglossa sessilis (Jacq.) D.N.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 224, 231, 323. Gibson
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Rhytiglossa verticillaris Nees = Justicia martinsoniana R.A. Howard
Phidiasia lindavii Urb. = Odontonema lindavii (Urb.) Acev.-Rodr. Ruellia acuminata Griseb. = Ruellia costata (Nees) Hiern.
Phlogacanthus turgidus (Fuaux) Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: Ruellia acutangula Nees in C.F.P. von Mart., Flora 21: Beibl. 61. 1838.
211. 1900; Meninia turgida Fuaux, Bot. Mag. 99: t. 6043. 1873. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to South America.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique); native to Asia. References: 30, 152.
Ruellia alopecuroidea Vahl = Teliostachya alopecuroides (Vahl) Nees
Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (Hort. ex A. de Vos) Radlk. =
Ruellia alternata Burm. f. = Hemigraphis alternata (Burm. f.) T. Anderson
Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin
Ruellia blechioides Sw., Prodr. 93. 1788; Blechum blechioides (Sw.)
Pseuderanthemum bicolor Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl.
Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 115. 1893;
Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 13: 286. 1883.
Blechum laxiflorum Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: 270.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
1807, nom. illeg.
(Martinique), and South America; native to Malesia.
Dipteracanthus jamaicensis Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11:
Common Names: Amor y celos, Erantemo, Suegra y nuera (Cuba),
140. 1847.
Hortensia (Puerto Rico).
Blechum killipii Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 32: 184. 1942.
References: 30, 131, 132, 152.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica.
Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin, Ann. Inst. Bot.- References: 2, 3, 30, 152, 546.
Geol. Colon. Marseille, ser. 6, 5-6: 48. 1948; Eranthemum
Ruellia blechum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1120. 1759; Blechum brownei
carruthersii Seem., Fl. Vit. 185. 1866.
Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: 270. 1807; Blechum blechum
Eranthemum atropurpureum Hort. ex A. de Vos, Belgique Hort. 26:
(L.) Millsp., Field Columb. Mus. Bot. 2: 100. 1900.
151. 1876; Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (Hort. ex A. de
Barleria pyramidata Lam., Encycl. 1: 380. 1785; Blechum pyramidatum
Vos) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad.
(Lam.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 323. 1918;
Wiss. München 13: 286. 1883.
Blechum brownei Juss. f. puberulum Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 32:
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
184. 1942.
Croix, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Martin,
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
St. Vincent), and Margarita; native to Polynesia.
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua,
Common Names: Colored leaf, Jacob’s coat (Lesser Antilles).
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
References: 7, 58, 230, 323.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
Pseuderanthemum fasciculatum sensu Liogier = Pseuderanthemum St. Martin, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South
variabile (R. Br.) Radlk. America.
Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum (A. Gray) Hubbard in L.H. Bailey, Common Names: Campeche mallow (Haiti), Genou cassé, Herbe-
Rhodora 18: 159. 1916. savane, Rock balsam (Lesser Antilles), Yerba de papagayo (Puerto
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to Polynesia. Rico), Penguin Balsam (Virgin Islands).
References: 149, 254. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 123, 131, 150, 151, 152, 546.
Pseuderanthemum variabile (R. Br.) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Ruellia brasiliensis Spreng. = Hygrophila costata Nees & T. Nees
Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 13: 287. 1883. Ruellia brevifolia (Pohl) C. Ezcurra, Darwiniana 29: 278. 1989;
Pseuderanthemum fasciculatum sensu Liogier, Descr. Fl. Puerto Rico 5: Stephanophysum brevifolium Pohl, Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 2: 84.
45. 1997. non (Oerst.) Leonard. 1831.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to Australia. Ruellia ventricosa Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
References: 7, 58, 254. & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 241. 1818.
Psilanthele jamaicensis Lindau = Oplonia jamaicensis (Lindau) Stearn Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe); native to South
America.
Psilanthele minor Lindau = Oplonia armata var. pallidior Stearn References: 149, 254, 387.
Rhacodiscus lucidus (Andrews) Lindau = Justicia secunda Vahl Ruellia brittoniana Leonard = Ruellia simplex C. Wright
Rhytiglossa pectoralis (Jacq.) Nees = Justicia pectoralis Jacq. Ruellia chartacea (T. Anderson) Wassh., Opera Bot. 92: 265. 1987.
Rhytiglossa androsaemifolia (Sieber ex Nees) Nees = Justicia Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to South America.
androsaemifolia Sieber ex Nees Reference: 58.
Ruellia clandestina L. = Ruellia tuberosa L. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Curaçao, Central America,
and South America.
Ruellia coccinea (L.) Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 83. 1794; Barleria coccinea
Common Names: Triquitraque (Cuba), Fleur petard (Haiti).
L., Sp. Pl. 637. 1753; Arrhostoxylum coccineum (L.) Nees in C.F.P.
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 285.
von Martius, Fl. Bras 9: 63. 1847; Stemonacanthus coccineus (L.)
Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 452. 1862. Ruellia nudiflora (Engelm. & A. Gray) Urb. var. insularis Leonard,
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 519. 1927.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, References: 149, 254.
Martinique). Ruellia paniculata L., Sp. Pl. 635. 1753.
Common Name: Yerba maravilla (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, North America, Mexico,
References: 1, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 131, 295. Central America, and South America.
Ruellia colorata Blume = Hemigraphis alternata (Burm. f.) T. Anderson References: 2, 3, 30.
Ruellia costata (Nees) Hiern., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Ruellia parvifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 128. 1923.
Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1877: 76. 1878; Arrhostoxylum costatum Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 9: 61. 1847. References: 3, 30.
Ruellia acuminata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 452. 1862. Ruellia ruprestris Sw. = Stenandrium tuberosum (L.) Urb.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to South America.
References: 2, 30, 152. Ruellia salicifolia sensu Nees = Hygrophila costata Nees & T. Nees
Ruellia diffusa Griseb. = Apassalus humistratus (Michx.) Kobuski Ruellia scabrosa Sw. = Stenandrium scabrosum (Sw.) Nees subsp.
scabrosum
Ruellia domingensis Spreng. ex Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11:
136. 1847. Ruellia shaferiana Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 128. 1923.
Dipteracanthus domingensis Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
135. 1847. References: 3, 30, 39.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Hispaniola. Cuba (39).
Common Name: Todo el año (Dominican Republic). Ruellia simplex C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
References: 3, 5, 7. Habana 6: 321. 1870.
Ruellia elegans Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 4: 727. Cryphiacanthus angustifolius Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11:
1816. 199. 1847, non Ruellia angustifolia Sw., 1788; Ruellia tweediana
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Griseb., nom. nov., Symb. Fl. Argent. 259. 1879; Ruellia
Martinique); native to South America. spectabilis Britton, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 7: 192. 1893, nom.
References: 1, 2. illeg., non Nicholson, 1886; Ruellia brittoniana Leonard, J. Wash.
Acad. Sci. 31: 96. 1941, nom. nov. superfl.
Ruellia fulgida Andrews, Bot. Repos. 8: t. 527. 1808. Ruellia longipes Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 129. 1923.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Ruellia malacosperma Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 34: 572. 1899.
Martinique, St. Vincent); native to Central America and South Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
America. Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, Tortola), Lesser Antilles
References: 30, 151, 159. (Montserrat, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, southern United States,
Ruellia geminiflora Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Mexico, Central America, and southern South America.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 240. 1818. Common Names: Guaucí (Dominican Republic), A las doce me voy
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central (Puerto Rico).
America, and South America. References: 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 30, 58, 131, 150, 151, 224, 423.
Common Name: Fulminante (Cuba). Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 224. Ruellia spectabilis Britton = Ruellia simplex C. Wright
Ruellia subringens (Nees) Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 194.
Ruellia humistrata Michx. = Apassalus humistratus (Michx.) Kobuski 1900; Dipteracanthus subringens Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl.
Ruellia lacustris Schltdl. & Cham. = Hygrophila costata Nees & T. Nees Bras. 9: 31. 1847.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe); native to South
Ruellia lepidota Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 652. 1921.
America.
Ruellia tuberosa L., Sp. Pl. 635. 1753.
Ruellia longipes Urb. = Ruellia simplex C. Wright
Cryphiacanthus barbadensis Nees, Del. Sem. Hort. Vratisl. (1841):
Ruellia macrophylla Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 72. 1791. 1841.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, and South America; cultivated Ruellia clandestina L., Sp. Pl. 634. 1753.
in Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Vincent). Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
References: 1, 2, 3, 224. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John,
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Ruellia malacosperma Greenm. = Ruellia simplex C. Wright Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St.
Ruellia nudiflora (Engelm. & A. Gray) Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 382. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba,
1912, var. nudiflora; Dipteracanthus nudiflorus Engelm. & Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central
A. Gray, Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 229. 1845. America, South America, and Old World.
number 9 8 • 13
Common Names: Dinamita, Fulminante, Salta perico, Siquitraque (Cuba), Stemonacanthus coccineus (L.) Griseb. = Ruellia coccinea (L.) Vahl
Batatilla, Guaucí, Lia, Lia huevos, Pensamiento haitiano, Periquito, Stenandrium acuminatum Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 382. 1912.
Tiqui-taque (Dominican Republic), Fleur (s) pétard (s), Petit pétards, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Racine pétards, Tiquitaque (Haiti), Duppy gun, Menow weed References: 5, 7, 30.
(Jamaica), Bluebell, Daniel’s great gun, Minne root, Patate-chandelier,
Patate-macaque, Sheep potato, Snapdragon root (Lesser Antilles). Stenandrium arnoldii H. Dietr., Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena,
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 152, 285, 295, 323. Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 33: 725. 1984.
Ruellia tweedeana Griseb. = Ruellia simplex C. Wright References: 39, 149.
Ruellia ventricosa Kunth = Ruellia brevifolia (Pohl) C. Ezcurra Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
*Salpixantha coccinea Hook., Bot. Mag. 71: t. 4158. 1845.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Stenandrium bracteosum (Britton & Millsp.) Britton ex Leonard,
References: 2, 30. Wrightia 2: 77. 1960; Gerardia bracteosa Britton & Millsp.,
Bahama Fl. 402. 1920.
*Samuelssonia verrucosa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 97. 1928.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Reference: 45.
Common Name: Bonnet carré (Haiti).
References: 5, 7. Stenandrium carolinae Leonard & Proctor ex Leonard, Wrightia 2: 75.
1960.
Sanchezia longiflora (Hook. f.) Hook. f. ex Planch., Fl. Serres Jard.
Eur. 23: 257. 1883; Ancylogyne longiflora Hook. f., Bot. Mag. 92:
Reference: 45.
t. 5588. 1866.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to South America. Stenandrium crenatum Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 130. 1923.
References: 30, 151. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 30.
Sanchezia nobilis Hook. f., Bot. Mag. 92: t. 5594. 1866.
Sanchezia oblonga Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 1: 7. 1798. Stenandrium droseroides Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 284.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Margarita; 1847, subsp. droseroides; Gerardia droseroides (Nees) S.F. Blake,
native to South America (Ecuador). Rhodora 20: 68. 1918.
Common Names: Bankesia (Cuba), Tocador (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba.
References: 2, 5, 132, 323. Common Name: Sundew stenandrium (Bahamas).
Sanchezia oblonga Ruiz & Pav. = Sanchezia nobilis Hook. f.,
Stenandrium droseroides Nees subsp. longibracteatum H. Dietr., Wiss.
Sanchezia speciosa Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16: 490. 1926.
Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 32: 851.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser
1983.
Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Saba); native to
South America.
Reference: 149.
Common Name: Sanchezia (Dominican Republic).
References: 7, 58, 254. Stenandrium ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 130. 1923.
Stenandrium glabrescens Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 131. 1923.
*Sapphoa ekmanii Borhidi, Nordic J. Bot. 3: 353. 1983.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and South America.
References: 3, 30, 39, 152.
Reference: 149.
*Sapphoa rigidifolia Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 25. 1922. Cuba (39).
Stenandrium glabrescens Urb. = Stenandrium ekmanii Urb.
Reference: 3.
Stenandrium heterotrichum Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23:
Siphonoglossa buchii (Urb.) Hilsenb., Brittonia 31: 378.1979; Justicia
316. 1978 [“1977”].
buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 388. 1912.
Reference: 149.
Reference: 7.
Stenandrium ovatum Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 129. 1923.
Siphonoglossa sessilis (Jacq.) D.N. Gibson, Fieldiana, Bot. 34: 82.
1972; Justicia sessilis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 11: 1760; Dianthera
References: 3, 30.
sessilis (Jacq.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 455. 1862; Ecbolium sessile
(Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 488. 1891; Rhytiglossa sessilis Stenandrium pallidum H. Dietr., Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena,
(Jacq.) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 345. 1847. Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 32: 850. 1983.
Adhatoda tetramera Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 301. 1881. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Justicia borinquensis Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. References: 39, 149.
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 217. 1925. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Justicia pauciflora Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 2. 1797 [“1796”]. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Stenandrium pinetorum (Britton & P. Wilson) Alain, Revista Soc. Cub.
Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Bot. 13: 9. 1956; Gerardia pinetorum Britton & P. Wilson, Bull.
Antilles (Antigua, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Torrey Bot. Club 43: 466. 1916.
Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Martin), Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America. References: 3, 134.
Common Name: Cossie balsam (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 152, 323. Stenandrium punctatum Griseb. = Stenandrium scabrosum (Sw.) Nees
subsp. punctatum (Griseb.) Borhidi
Stenandrium ruprestre (Sw.) Nees = Stenandrium tuberosum (L.) Urb. Galante, Montserrat, St. Lucia), Central America, South America,
and Old World.
Stenandrium scabrosum (Sw.) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11:
Common Names: Fond sang, Queue de renard, Zeau noire (Lesser
284. 1847, subsp. scabrosum; Ruellia scabrosa Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid.
Antilles), Pata de gallina (Puerto Rico).
2(2): 1074. 1800.
References: 1, 3, 7, 30, 58, 131.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
References: 3, 5, 7, 30. Tetramerium racemulosum (Wikstr.) Nees = Justicia racemulosa Wikstr.
Stenandrium scabrosum (Sw.) Nees subsp. punctatum (Griseb.) Thunbergia affinis S. Moore, J. Bot. 18: 5. 1880.
Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 27. 1975; Stenandrium punctatum Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to tropical Africa.
Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 196. 1866. Reference: 254.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2591. 1825.
References: 3, 149. Distribution: Naturalized in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Note: Cited for Hispaniola by León & Alain (3), but apparently not Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, Tortola), Lesser
found there. Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Stenandrium scabrosum sensu Griseb. = Stenandrium wrightii Lindau Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and
Trinidad; native to Africa.
Stenandrium tuberosum (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 576. 1911; Gerardia
Common Names: Anteojo de poeta, Jazmín del vedado, Ojo de poeta
tuberosa L., Sp. Pl. 610. 1753.
(Cuba), Boca de escopeta, Ojo de poeta (Dominican Republic),
Ruellia ruprestris Sw., Prodr. 93. 1788; Stenandrium ruprestre (Sw.)
Black-eyed susan (Jamaica), Fleur jaune-savane, Golden bells
Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 283. 1847.
(Lesser Antilles), Culo de poeta, Susana (Puerto Rico).
Gerardia portoricensis Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 150, 159, 224, 340.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas), and Lesser Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T. Anderson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 18.
Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, St. Martin). 1863 [“1864”]; Meyenia erecta Benth., Niger Fl. 476. 1849.
Common Names: Mata espiritista, Yerba maravilla blanca (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, and Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 131, 152, 295. Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Montserrat, St. Lucia), Margarita, and South America; native to
Stenandrium undulatum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 92. 1928.
Africa.
Common Names: Conchita, Maena, Mainereta, Mainereta blanca,
References: 5, 7.
Matrimonio chino, Meyenia, Vellosilla (Cuba), Campanita india,
Stenandrium wrightii Lindau in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 208. 1900. Corona de Nazareno Pétule (s), Trompeta de ángeles (Dominican
Stenandrium scabrosum sensu Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 525. 1862, non Republic), Queue de loup (Lesser Antilles), Angelina, Boca de
Nees. vieja, Violeta, Viuda (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 1, 3, 7, 23, 58, 131, 132, 150, 159, 231, 323.
References: 3, 30.
Thunbergia fragrans Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1: 47. 1795.
Stephanophysum brevifolium Pohl = Ruellia brevifolia (Pohl) C. Ezcurra Distribution: Naturalized in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Stethoma comata (L.) Britton = Justicia comata (L.) Lam. Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
Tortola), and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados,
Stethoma pectoralis (Jacq.) Raf. = Justicia pectoralis Jacq. Dominica, Grenada, The Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Stethoma verticillaris (Nees) Britton = Justicia martinsoniana R.A. Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent); native
Howard to Asia.
Common Names: Anteojo de poeta, Bejuco borococo, Flor de nieve,
Strobilanthes colorata (Nees) T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 481.
Jazmín del vedado, Thunbergia (Cuba), Jazmín de maya,
1867; Goldfussia colorata Nees in N. Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3:
Thunbergia, Velo de novia (Dominican Republic), White
89. 1832.
nightshade (Jamaica), White lady (Lesser Antilles), Flor de nieve,
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique); native to India.
Susana blanca (Puerto Rico), White Susan vine (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150, 159,
Strobilanthes dyeriana Mast., Gard. Chron. 1: 442. 1893. 224.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Margarita; native to Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
India.
Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb., Bot. Cab. 4: t. 324. 1820.
Common Name: Erantemo purpúreo (Cuba).
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Strobilanthes glomerata (Nees) T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 475. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and
1867; Goldfussia glomerata Nees in N. Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: Margarita; naturalized in Puerto Rico; native to Asia.
88. 1832. Common Names: Faurestina, Liane de chine, Pompeya, Tumbergia
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to India. azul (Cuba), Brisa de la mañana, Corona del rey, Ristra de ajo,
References: 30, 151, 254. Thunbergia (Dominican Republic), Fausto, Pompeya (Puerto Rico).
Teliostachya alopecuroidea (Vahl) Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 32, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150, 159, 224, 323.
9: 72. 1847; Ruellia alopecuroidea Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 49. 1798; Note: An ornamental species, escaping and becoming invasive.
Lepidagathis alopecuroidea (Vahl) R. Br. ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl., Gard. Chron. 1856: 260. 1856.
453. 1862. Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Nevis); native to Asia
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles and Malesia.
(Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie References: 1, 159.
number 9 8 • 15
Thunbergia mysorensis (Wight) T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 448. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
1867. References: 136, 152.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe); native to tropical
Viburnum cubense Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 121. 1922.
Asia.
Thunbergia vogeliana Benth. in W.J. Hooker, Niger Fl. 476. 1849.
Viburnum villosum Sw., Prodr. 54. 1788, var. villosum
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Tobago; native to tropical West Africa.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, and Jamaica.
References: 2, 136.
Thyrsacanthus callistachyus (Schltdl. & Cham.) Nees = Odontonema
Viburnum villosum Sw. var. glabrescens Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 315.
callistachyum (Schltdl. & Cham.) Kuntze
1860.
Thyrsacanthus cuspidatus Nees = Odontonema cuspidatus (Nees) Kuntze Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Thyrsacanthus nitidus (Jacq.) Nees = Odontonema nitidum (Jacq.) References: 2, 36.
Kuntze Viburnum villosum Sw. var. subdentatum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 315.
Tubiflora shaferi P. Wilson = Elytraria shaferi (P. Wilson) Leonard 1860.
DOUBTFUL NAMES Reference: 2.
Ruellia angustifolia Sw., Prodr. 93. 1788; Blechum angustifolium (Sw.)
R. Br., Prodr. 1: 478. 1810.
Distribution: Described for the West Indies. Aizoaceae
Note: A name of doubtful application, not a Ruellia. Genera. Total: 5; native: 3; endemic: 0.
Taxa. Total: 8; native: 6; endemic: 2.
Aptenia cordifolia (L. f.) Schwantes, Gartenflora 77: 69. 1928.

aDOXACEAE Distribution: Cultivated in Virgin Islands (St. Thomas).
Reference: 254
Taxa. Total: 8; native: 7; endemic: 7. **Cypselea humifusa Turpin, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 7: 219. 1806.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Sambucus canadensis L. = Sambucus nigra L. subsp. canadensis (L.) Bolli Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. John, St. Thomas),
Sambucus canadensis L. var. laciniata A. Gray = Sambucus nigra Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
L. subsp. canadensis (L.) Bolli Margarita, and North America.
Common Name: Panal (Puerto Rico).
Sambucus intermedia Carrière var. insularis Schwer. = Sambucus nigra References: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 131, 323.
L. subsp. canadensis (L.) Bolli
**Cypselea rubriflora Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 15. 1929.
Sambucus mexicana C. Presl ex DC. = Sambucus nigra L. subsp. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
canadensis (L.) Bolli References: 3, 39.
Sambucus nigra L. subsp. canadensis (L.) Bolli, Diss. Bot. 223: 168. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
1994; Sambucus canadensis L., Sp. Pl. 269. 1753. Cuba (39).
Sambucus canadensis L. var. laciniata A. Gray, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Sesuvium maritimum (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., Prelim. Cat.
Sambucus intermedia Carrière var. insularis Schwer., Mitt. Deutsch. 20. 1888; Pharnaceum maritimum Walter, Fl. Carol. 117. 1788.
Dendrol. Ges. 18: 38. 1909. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico,
Sambucus mexicana C. Presl ex DC., Prodr. 4: 322. 1830. Lesser Antilles (St. Barthélemy), North America, and Mexico.
Sambucus simpsonii Rehder, Trees & Shrubs 2: 187. 1911. Common Names: Slender sea purslane (Bahamas), Yerba de vidrio
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, (Cuba), Verdolaga de mar (Puerto Rico).
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, References: 1, 3, 4, 6, 45, 58, 61, 131, 132, 152.
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St.
Eustatius, St. Vincent), Mexico, and Central America; native to Sesuvium microphyllum Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 521. 1809.
North America. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cayman
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 136, 151, 151, 224, 231, 340. Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla).
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Common Name: Verdolaga de costa (Cuba).
References: 1, 3, 4, 45, 58.
Sambucus simpsonii Rehder = Sambucus nigra L. subsp. canadensis (L.)
Bolli Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1058. 1759;
Portulaca portulacastrum L., Sp. Pl. 446. 1753.
Viburnum alpinum Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 2: 201. 1850. Trianthema polyandra Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 17: 1137. 1827.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Sesuvium uvifolium Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 126. 1894. Type.
Reference: 2. Presumably from Cuba, Sessé 2095 (MA).
Viburnum arboreum Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 351. 1910. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix,
References: 2, 427. St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenadines,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Redonda, St. Barthélemy,
Viburnum corymbosum Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 121.
St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Trinidad, Aruba,
1922 [15 Aug], non (Mill.) Rehder [21 Aug 1922].
Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central Echinodorus berteroi (Spreng.) Fassett, Rhodora 57: 139. 1955; Alisma
America, and South America. berteroi Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 163. 1825; Alisma berteroanum
Common Names: Verdolaga de costa, Yerba de vidrio (Cuba), Balb. ex Schult. & Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes, Syst.
Plantanillo, Verdolaguilla (Dominican Republic), Pourpier bord Veg. 7: 1605. 1830, nom. illeg.
de mer, Pourpier la mer (Haiti), Sea-purslane, Seaside purslane Alisma rostratum Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 5: 159. 1837.
(Jamaica), Pourpier-bourd-de-mer (Lesser Antilles), Verdolaga Echinodorus cordifolius sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12:
rosada, Yerba de vidrio (Puerto Rico). 115. 1883.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 323, 500. Echinodorus cordifolius sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto
Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 14. 1923.
Sesuvium uvifolium Sessé & Moc. = Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.
Tetragonia expansa Murray = Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pallas) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 264. 1891. Barbados, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante), Bonaire, Curaçao, North
Tetragonia expansa Murray, Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 6: 13. America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
1783. Common Names: Bur-head (Bahamas), Plantain d’eau, Water plantain
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to Asia, Australia, and (Lesser Antilles), Llantén de agua (Puerto Rico).
Pacific Region. References: 2, 28, 35, 45, 62, 131, 147, 340, 489.
Common Name: Espinaca de Nueva Zelandia (Puerto Rico). Echinodorus bolivianus (Rusby) Holm-Niels. = Helanthium bolivianum
References: 6, 131, 151. (Rusby) Lehtonen & Myllys
Trianthema monogyna L. = Trianthema portulacastrum L. Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss.
Trianthema polyandra Blume = Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. Göttingen 7: 257. 1857; Alisma cordifolium L., Sp. Pl. 343. 1753.
Echinodorus ovalis C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Trianthema portulacastrum L., Sp. Pl. 223. 1753. Habana 7: 564. 1871.
Trianthema monogyna L., Mant. Pl. 1: 69. 1767. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe),
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto North America, Mexico, and South America.
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Common Names: Plantain d’eau, Water plantain (Lesser Antilles).
Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe, References: 1, 3, 30, 61, 147, 489.
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Martin),
Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, North America, and Mexico. Echinodorus cordifolius sensu Bello = Echinodorus berteroi (Spreng.)
Common Names: Horse purslane (Bahamas), Yerba del sapo (Cuba), Fassett
Plantanillo, Verdolaga, Verdolaga rosada, Verdolaguilla Echinodorus cordifolius sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Echinodorus
(Dominican Republic), Horse purslane (Jamaica), Pourpier berteroi (Spreng.) Fassett
courant (Lesser Antilles), Verdolaga de hoja ancha (Puerto Rico).
Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli var. aureus
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 123, 131, 132, 151, 295,
Fassett = Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli
301, 340.
subsp. aureus (Fassett) Haynes & Holm-Niels.
Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli subsp. aureus
Alismataceae (Fassett) Haynes & Holm-Niels., Brittonia 38: 330. 1986;
Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli var. aureus
Genera. Total: 4; native: 4; endemic: 0. Fassett, Rhodora 57: 152. 1955.
Taxa. Total: 17; native: 17; endemic: 1. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South
America.
Albidella nymphaeifolia (Griseb.) Pichon, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 174. References: 147, 489.
1946; Alisma nymphaeifolium Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 218. 1866;
Echinodorus grisebachii Small, N. Amer. Fl. 17(1): 46. 1909.
Echinodorus nymphaeifolius (Griseb.) Buchenau, Bot. Jahrb.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Central America, and South America.
Syst. 2: 483. 1882; Helanthium nymphaeifolium (Griseb.) Small,
Common Names: Llantén de agua (Cuba), Llantén cimarrón (Cuba).
N. Amer. Fl. 17(1): 45. 1909.
References: 147, 320, 489. Echinodorus intermedius (Mart.) Griseb. = Echinodorus subalatus
(Mart.) Griseb.
Alisma berteroanum Balb. ex Schult. & Schult. f. = Echinodorus
berteroi (Spreng.) Fassett Echinodorus nymphaeifolius (Griseb.) Buchenau = Albidella
nymphaeifolia (Griseb.) Pichon
Alisma berteroi Spreng. = Echinodorus berteroi (Spreng.) Fassett
Echinodorus ovalis C. Wright = Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb.
Alisma bolivianum Rusby = Helanthium bolivianum (Rusby) Lehtonen
& Myllys Echinodorus parvulus Engelm. = Echinodorus tenellus (Mart. ex Schult.
& Schult. f.) Buchenau
Alisma cordifolium L. = Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb.
Echinodorus subalatus (Mart.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 218. 1866;
Alisma flava L. = Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau
Alisma subalatum Mart. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes, Syst. Veg.
Alisma nymphaeifolium Griseb. = Albidella nymphaeifolia (Griseb.) 7: 1609. 1830.
Pichon Echinodorus intermedius (Mart.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 218. 1866.
Alisma rostratum Nutt. = Echinodorus berteroi (Spreng.) Fassett Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South
America.
Alisma subalatum Mart. = Echinodorus subalatus (Mart.) Griseb. Reference: 147.
Alisma tenellum Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f. = Echinodorus tenellus Echinodorus tenellus (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Buchenau, Index
(Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Buchenau Crit. Butom. Alism. Juncag. 21. 1868; Alisma tenellum Mart. ex
number 9 8 • 17
Schult. & Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1816; Lophotocarpus guayanensis (Kunth) Small, Rep. (Annual)
1600. 1830; Helanthium tenellum (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Missouri Bot. Gard. 6: 61. 1894.
Small in N.L. Britton, Man. Fl. N. States, ed. 2, 54. 1905. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central
Echinodorus parvulus Engelm. in A. Gray, Manual, ed. 2, 438. 1856; America, and South America.
Helanthium parvulum (Engelm.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 17(1): 45. References: 2, 147, 489.
1909. Sagittaria intermedia Micheli in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, North America, Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 3: 80. 1881.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Sagittaria acutifolia sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 505. 1862, non L. f.
References: 2, 3, 30, 147, 489. Sagittaria lancifolia sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 115.
Echinodorus zombiensis Jérémie = Helanthium zombiense (Jérémie) 1883, non L.
Lehtonen & Myllys Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Mexico, and South America.
Helanthium bolivianum (Rusby) Lehtonen & Myllys, Cladistics 24:
Common Names: Flecha de agua, Flechera, Malanguilla de costa
228. 2008; Alisma bolivianum Rusby, Mem. New York Bot.
(Cuba), Enea (Dominican Republic).
Gard. 7: 208. 1927; Echinodorus bolivianus (Rusby) Holm-Niels.,
References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 62, 123, 132, 147, 156, 209, 320, 489.
Brittonia 31: 276. 1979.
Helanthium tenellum sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico Sagittaria isoetiformis J.G. Sm., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 6:
& Virgin Islands 5: 14. 1923. 115. 1895.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America.
Central America, and South America. References: 3, 147.
References: 2, 28, 62, 147, 156. Sagittaria lancifolia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1270. 1759.
Helanthium nymphaeifolium (Griseb.) Small = Albidella nymphaeifolia Sagittaria acutifolia sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 115.
(Griseb.) Pichon 1883, non L. f.
Sagittaria angustifolia Lindl., Bot. Reg. 14: t. 1141. 1828; Sagittaria
Helanthium parvulum (Engelm.) Small = Echinodorus tenellus (Mart.
lancifolia L. var. angustifolia (Lindl.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 218. 1866.
ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Buchenau
Helanthium tenellum (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Small = Jamaica, Puerto Rico, North America, Mexico, Central America,
Echinodorus tenellus (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Buchenau and South America.
Helanthium tenellum sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Echinodorus Common Names: Flecha de agua, Flechera, Lirio de la sabana (Cuba),
bolivianus (Rusby) Holm-Niels. Angelito, Angelitos, Eneas (Dominican Republic), Plécoire,
Renoncule des savanes (Haiti), Flecha de agua, Saeta de agua,
Helanthium zombiense (Jérémie) Lehtonen & Myllys, Cladistics 24: Yautía (Puerto Rico).
228. 2008; Echinodorus zombiensis Jérémie, Adansonia, sér. 3, References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 62, 123, 131, 132, 147, 489.
23: 192. 2001.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Jamaica and Lesser Sagittaria lancifolia sensu Bello = Sagittaria intermedia M. Micheli
Antilles (Guadeloupe). Sagittaria latifolia Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 409. 1805.
References: 27, 147, 645. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, North America, Mexico,
Hydrocleys nymphoides (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Buchenau, Abh. Central America, and South America.
Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 2: 2. 1871; Stratiotes nymphoides References: 28, 62, 165, 489.
Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 821. 1805. Note: Known from Puerto Rico by a single specimen from 1909,
Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Tobago, Trinidad, Curaçao, perhaps a chance introduction and likely now extirpated there.
Central America, and South America. Stratiotes nymphoides Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = Hydrocleys
Common Names: Lirio de agua amarillo, Water poppy (Puerto Rico). nymphoides (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Buchenau
References: 28, 131, 147, 159.
Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 2:
2. 1871; Alisma flava L., Sp. Pl. 343. 1753. AlstroEmeriaceae
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America,
and South America; exotic in Lesser Antilles (Grenada). Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0.
Common Names: Malanga de río, Malanguilla de río (Cuba), Lila de Taxa. Total: 2; native: 2; endemic: 0.
ciénaga, Pato de laguna (Dominican Republic).
Alstroemeria edulis Tussac = Bomarea edulis (Tussac) Herb.
References: 3, 30, 123, 132, 147.
Bomarea edulis (Tussac) Herb., Amaryllidaceae: 111. 1837;
Lophotocarpus guayanensis (Kunth) Small = Sagittaria guayanensis
Alstroemeria edulis Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: 109. 1808.
Kunth
Bomarea ovata sensu Liogier, Dicc. Bot. Española. 283. 2000, non Cav.
Sagittaria acutifolia sensu Griseb. = Sagittaria intermedia M. Micheli Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America,
Sagittaria acutifolia sensu Bello = Sagittaria lancifolia L. and South America.
Common Names: Campanillitas, Gloriosa del país, Zarcilla (Cuba),
Sagittaria angustifolia Lindl. = Sagittaria lancifolia L. Lirio (Dominican Republic), Topinambour blanc (Haiti).
Sagittaria graminea Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 190. 1803. References: 3, 30, 123, 147, 490.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America. Bomarea obovata Herb., Amaryllidaceae: 112. 1837.
References: 147, 489. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Nicaragua to Peru.
Sagittaria guayanensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. References: 147, 254.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 250. Bomarea ovata sensu Liogier = Bomarea edulis (Tussac) Herb.
Amaranthaceae Achyranthes ramosissima (Mart.) Standl. = Alternanthera ramosissima

(Mart.) Chodat
Genera. Total: 22; native: 18; endemic: 1. Achyranthes repens L. = Alternanthera pungens Kunth
Achyranthes serpyllifolia Poir. = Alternanthera serpyllifolia (Poir.) Urb.
Achyranthes altissima Jacq. = Chamissoa altissima (Jacq.) Kunth Achyranthes sessilis (L.) Besser = Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC.
Achyranthes aspera L., Sp. Pl. 204. 1753, var. aspera; Centrostachys Achyranthes virgata Poir. = Achyranthes aspera L. var. aspera
aspera (L.) Standl., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 75. 1915.
Acnida australis A. Gray = Amaranthus australis (A. Gray) J.D. Sauer
Achyranthes aspera L. var. indica L., Sp. Pl. 204. 1753; Achyranthes
indica (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Centrostachys indica Acnida cuspidata Bertero ex Spreng. = Amaranthus australis (A. Gray)
(L.) Standl., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 75. 1915. J.D. Sauer
Achyranthes aspera L. var. obtusifolia (Lam.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 62. Alternanthera achyrantha (L.) R. Br. = Alternanthera pungens Kunth
1859; Achyranthes obtusifolia Lam., Encycl. 1: 545. 1785.
Achyranthes virgata Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 2: Alternanthera axillaris (Hornem. ex Willd.) D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 866.
10. 1811. 1839; Achyranthes axillaris Hornem. ex Willd., Enum. Hort.
Distribution: Widely naturalized in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Berol. 270. 1809.
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Hispaniola.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Aruba, References: 3, 7, 152.
Bonaire, Curaçao, and Margarita; probably originated from Old Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson = Alternanthera tenella
World tropics. Colla var. bettzickiana (Regel) Veldkamp
Common Names: Rabo de gato (Cuba), Cadillo de gato, Huevo
Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 537. 1891;
de gato, Rabo de gato, Rabo de ratón (Dominican Republic),
Gomphrena brasiliana L., Cent. Pl. 2, 13. 1756.
Cabaioc, Feuilles la fiebre, Herbe de fievre, Herbe la fievre, Queue
Alternanthera dentata (Moench) Stuchlik ex R.E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 16
de rat, Santypite (Haiti), Man-better-man, Marie-pourrie, Ven-ven
(13): 11. 1920; Gomphrena dentata Moench, Suppl. Meth. 273.
(Lesser Antilles).
1802.
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 35, 45, 58, 150, 224, 252, 295, 323, 340.
Alternanthera jacquinii (Schrad.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 292.
1965.
Achyranthes aspera L. var. indica L. = Achyranthes aspera L. var. aspera Mogiphanes straminea Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 35. 1826.
Achyranthes aspera L. var. obtusifolia (Lam.) Griseb. = Achyranthes Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
aspera L. var. aspera Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia,
St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico,
Achyranthes aspera L. var. pubescens (Moq.) M. Gómez, Noc. Bot. Central America, and South America; exotic in Bahamas,
Sist. 58. 1893; Achyranthes fruticosa Lam. var. pubescens Moq. in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John).
A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 314. 1849. Common Names: Cucaracha extranjera, Cucaracha morada
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Dominican Republic), Bouton blac, Marguerite à fleurs rouges
(Barbados, Grenadines,); probably originated from Old World (Lesser Antilles).
tropics. References: 1, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 150, 151, 152, 159, 323.
References: 1, 7, 58, 150, 224, 252.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Alternanthera canescens Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 204. 1818.
Achyranthes axillaris Hornem. ex Willd. = Alternanthera axillaris Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Margarita, and South America.
(Hornem. ex Willd.) D. Dietr. References: 45, 323.
Achyranthes bettzickiana (Regel) Standl. = Alternanthera tenella Colla Alternanthera caracasana Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
var. bettzickiana (Regel) Veldkamp Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 205. 1818.
Achyranthes crassifolia Standl. = Alternanthera crassifolia (Standl.) Alain Alternanthera peploides (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.)
Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 168. 1918; Illecebrum
Achyranthes fruticosa Lam. var. pubescens Moq. = Achyranthes aspera
peploides Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5:
L. var. pubescens (Moq.) M. Gómez
517. 1820; Achyranthes peploides (Humb. & Bonpl.) Britton in
Achyranthes halimifolia Lam. = Alternanthera halimifolia (Lam.) N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands
Standl. ex Pittier 5: 279. 1924.
Achyranthes hirtiflora A. Rich. = Cyathula achyranthoides (Kunth) Moq. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser
Achyranthes indica (L.) Mill. = Achyranthes aspera L. var. aspera Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Achyranthes lanuginosa Nutt. = Tidestromia lanuginosa (Nutt.) Standl. Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Martin, St. Vincent), and
North America.
Achyranthes obtusifolia Lam. = Achyranthes aspera L. var. aspera
Common Name: Washerwoman (Bahamas).
Achyranthes peploides (Humb. & Bonpl.) Britton = Alternanthera References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 151.
caracasana Kunth
Alternanthera caribaea Moq. = Lithophila muscoides Sw.
Achyranthes polygonoides sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Alternanthera
Alternanthera crassifolia (Standl.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
paronychioides A. St.-Hil.
Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 1. 1950; Achyranthes crassifolia Standl.,
Achyranthes portoricensis (Kuntze) Standl. = Alternanthera crucis Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 32: 241. 1919.
(Moq.) Boldingh Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
number 9 8 • 19
References: 3, 39, 152. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and South
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of America.
Cuba (39). Common Name: Beach alternanthera (Bahamas).
References: 3, 7, 45, 150, 151.
Alternanthera crucis (Moq.) Boldingh, Fl. Dutch W. Ind. Is. 1: 58.
1909; Telanthera crucis Moq. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13 Alternanthera olivacea (Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 340. 1907;
(2): 362. 1849. Telanthera olivacea Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 302. 1899.
Achyranthes portoricensis (Kuntze) Standl., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 73. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Grenadines, St. Lucia,
1915; Alternanthera portoricensis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 540. St. Vincent), Curaçao, and South America.
1891. References: 1, 30.
Alternanthera dolichocephala (Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 302. 1899; Alternanthera paronychioides A. St.-Hil., Voy. Distr. Diam. 2: 439. 1833.
Telanthera dolichocephala Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 302. 1899. Achyranthes polygonoides sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto
Alternanthera sintenisii (Urb.) Uline, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 279. 1924, non (L.) Lam.
Ser. 1(5): 421. 1899; Telanthera sintenisii Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) R. Br., Prodr. 417. 1810.
301. 1899. Alternanthera polygonoides sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 67. 1859, non
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico, Virgin (L.) R. Br.
Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Tortola), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser
St. Martin). Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Grenada, Grenadines,
References: 1, 6, 19, 30, 58, 152. Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Martin),
Alternanthera dentata (Moench) Stuchlik ex R.E. Fries = Alternanthera Mexico, Central America, and South America.
brasiliana (L.) Kuntze Common Names: Sanguinaria, Terebinto (Dominican Republic),
La mauche, Lamouche (Haiti), Crab withe (Jamaica), Herbe à
Alternanthera dolichocephala (Urb.) Urb. = Alternanthera crucis (Moq.)
bordure, Herbe à la veuve (Lesser Antilles), Sanguinaria (Puerto
Boldingh
Rico).
Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) P. Beauv. = Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 123, 131, 150, 151.
ex DC.
Alternanthera peploides (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.) Urb. =
Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) R. Br. = Alternanthera paronychioides Alternanthera caracasana Kunth
A. St.-Hil.
Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss.
Alternanthera flavescens Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, Göttingen 24: 36. 1879.
A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Margarita; native to South
207. 1818. America.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Lesser Antilles (Grenada, References: 6, 150, 252, 323, 383.
Grenadines, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent); native
Alternanthera polygonoides R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 417. 1810.
to South America.
References: 3, 151.
Alternanthera flavogrisea (Urb.) Urb. = Alternanthera halimifolia
Alternanthera polygonoides sensu Griseb. = Alternanthera
(Lam.) Standl. ex Pittier
paronychioides A. St.-Hil.
Alternanthera geniculata Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 211. 1912.
Alternanthera polygonoides R. Br. var. glabrescens Griseb. =
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola and Lesser
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC.
Antilles (St. Barthélemy, St. Martin).
References: 1, 5, 7, 30. Alternanthera portoricensis Kuntze = Alternanthera crucis (Moq.)
Boldingh
Alternanthera halimifolia (Lam.) Standl. ex Pittier, Man. Pl. Usual.
Venez. 145. 1926; Achyranthes halimifolia Lam., Encycl. 1: 547. Alternanthera pungens Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
1785. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 206. 1818.
Alternanthera flavogrisea (Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 340. 1907; Alternanthera achyrantha (L.) R. Br., Prodr. 417. 1810; Illecebrum
Telanthera flavogrisea Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 300. 1899. achyranthum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 299. 1762.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Grenada, St. Alternanthera leiantha (Seub. ex Mart.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist.
Martin), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Central America, and South Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 1. 1950.
America; exotic in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Alternanthera repens (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 536. 1891, non
Thomas). Gmel, 1791; Achyranthes repens L., Sp. Pl. 205. 1753.
References: 1, 2, 3, 30, 151, 224. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Islands (Guana), North America, Central America, South America,
and Old World.
Alternanthera iresinoides Kunth = Pfaffia iresinoides (Kunth) Spreng.
Common Name: Yerba de pollo (Dominican Republic).
Alternanthera jacquinii (Schrad.) Alain = Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) References: 2, 3, 6, 7, 30, 58, 151, 237.
Kuntze
Alternanthera ramosissima (Mart.) Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2,
Alternanthera leiantha (Seub. ex Mart.) Alain = Alternanthera pungens 3: 355. 1903; Mogiphanes ramosissima Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl.
Kunth 2: 31. 1826; Achyranthes ramosissima (Mart.) Standl., J. Wash.
Alternanthera linearis Bello = Iresine angustifolia Euphrasén Acad. Sci. 5: 74. 1915.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica and Puerto Rico; native to South America.
Alternanthera maritima (Mart.) A. St.-Hil., Voy. Distr. Diam. 2: 437. References: 2, 6, 58, 61, 152.
1833; Bucholzia maritima Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 50. 1826.
Alternanthera repens (L.) Kuntze = Alternanthera pungens Kunth Common Name: Notch-leaved amaranth (Bahamas).
References: 1, 3, 45, 61, 112, 151, 211.
Alternanthera serpyllifolia (Poir.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 340. 1907;
Achyranthes serpyllifolia Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Amaranthus caudatus L., Sp. Pl. 990. 1753.
Suppl. 2: 11. 1811. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), and
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola. Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Martinique); native to South America.
References: 3, 5, 7, 30. Common Names: Amaranto, Bledo francés (Cuba).
References: 1, 3, 6, 16, 58, 150, 231, 252.
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 77.
1813; Gomphrena sessilis L., Sp. Pl. 225. 1753; Achyranthes Amaranthus crassipes Schltdl., Linnaea 6: 757. 1831.
sessilis (L.) Besser, Cat. Jard. Bot. Krzemieniec 12. 1810. Scleropus amaranthoides Schrad. Index Seminum (Göttingen). 1835.
Alternanthera polygonoides R. Br. var. glabrescens Griseb., Fl. Brit. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
W. I. 67. 1859. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John,
Gomphrena ficoidea L., Sp. Pl. 225. 1753; Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
P. Beauv., Fl. Oware 2: 66. 1818. Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St.
Gomphrena polygonoides L., Sp. Pl. 225. 1753. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Mexico, Central
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, America, and South America.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Common Names: Thick-stalked amaranth (Bahamas), Bledo manso
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, (Cuba), Bledo, Zerpina (Dominican Republic).
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 123, 132, 150, 151, 159.
St. Vincent), North America, Mexico, Central America, and South Amaranthus cruentus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1269. 1759.
America. Amaranthus paniculatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1406. 1763.
Common Names: Sanguinaria, Santoma cimarrona (Dominican Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Republic), Magloire (Lesser Antilles), Sanguinaria (Puerto Rico). (St. Croix), and Lesser Antilles (Barbuda, Guadeloupe, St. Lucia);
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 40, 58, 123, 131, 151, 340. probably native to New World tropics.
Alternanthera sintenisii (Urb.) Uline = Alternanthera crucis (Moq.) Common Names: Moco de pavo (Cuba), Bledo, Zépina (Dominican
Boldingh Republic), Épanard (Haiti), Gusano, Moco de pavo (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 151, 159, 252.
Alternanthera spinosa Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 555. 1819.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and South America. Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell., Fl. Advent. Montpellier 38: 203.
Common Name: Abrojo (Cuba). 1912.
References: 3, 5, 132, 151. Amaranthus tristis L. var. leptostachys Moq. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle,
Prodr. 13(2): 260. 1849.
Alternanthera tenella Colla, Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino 23: 131.
1829, var. tenella
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Islands (St. John, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica,
Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Grenada, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St.
Marie Galante, Martinique, Redonda, Saba, St. Barthélemy,
Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire,
Common Name: Herbe à albumine (Lesser Antilles).
Curaçao, Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America,
References: 1, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 151, 254.
and South America.
Alternanthera tenella Colla var. bettzickiana (Regel) Veldkamp, Taxon Common Names: Southern pigweed (Bahamas), Bledo (Cuba), Bledo,
27: 313. 1978; Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson, Bledo blanco, Zepina, Zepino (Dominican Republic), Épinard,
Ill. Dict. Gard. 1: 59. 1884; Telanthera bettzickiana Regel, Epinard marron (Haiti), Spanish calalu (Jamaica), Épinard du
Index Seminum (St. Petersburg) 1862: 28. 1862; Achyranthes pays, Spinach, Zépinna (Lesser Antilles), Bledo, Blero, Blero
bettzickiana (Regel) Standl., N. Amer. Fl. 21(2): 138. 1917. blanco (Puerto Rico).
Alternanthera versicolor Hort. ex Regel, Gartenflora 18: 101. 1869. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 151, 152, 323.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
Amaranthus gangeticus L. = Amaranthus tricolor L.
John, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), and Margarita; native to
South America. Amaranthus gracilis Desf. ex Poir. = Amaranthus viridis L.
References: 1, 7, 58, 223, 252, 323. Amaranthus hybridus L., Sp. Pl. 990. 1753.
Alternanthera versicolor Hort. ex Regel = Alternanthera tenella Colla Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (St.
var. bettzickiana (Regel) Veldkamp Kitts), North America, Mexico, Central America, South America,
and Old World.
Amaranthus australis (A. Gray) J.D. Sauer, Madroño 13: 15. 1955;
Common Name: Pigweed (Bahamas).
Acnida australis A. Gray, Amer. Naturalist 10: 489. 1876.
References: 1, 3, 7, 45, 151, 224.
Acnida cuspidata Bertero ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 903. 1826.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, North
America, Mexico, and South America. Amaranthus lividus L. = Amaranthus blitum L.
References: 2, 3, 6, 7, 58, 150. Amaranthus minimus Standl., N. Amer. Fl. 21(2): 119. 1917;
Amaranthus blitum L., Sp. Pl. 990. 1753. Goerziella minima (Standl.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Amaranthus lividus L., Sp. Pl. 990. 1753. 20: 301. 1924.
Amaranthus viridis sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 124. 1920, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
non L. References: 3, 39, 152.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
(Dominica, St. Lucia), Mexico, and South America. Cuba (39).
number 9 8 • 21
Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 274. 1877. Atriplex crispa (Moq.) Urb. = Atriplex cristata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, North America, and Mexico.
Atriplex cristata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 959. 1806.
Atriplex pentandra (Jacq.) Standl., N. Amer. Fl. 21(1): 54. 1916; Axyris
pentandra Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 244. 1763.
Amaranthus paniculatus L. = Amaranthus cruentus L. Atriplex confinis Standl., N. Amer. Fl. 21(1): 54. 1916.
Amaranthus polygonoides L., Pl. Jamaic. Pug. 27. 1759. Atriplex crispa (Moq.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 200. 1920.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Virgin Atriplex domingensis Standl., N. Amer. Fl. 21(1): 55. 1916.
Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles Atriplex littoralis (Jacq.) Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 64: 15. 1926, not L.,
(Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe), Aruba, Curaçao, North 1753.
America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Common Names: Knotweed amaranth (Bahamas), Bella María, Bledo Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
de clavo, Sanguinaria (Cuba), Bledo (Dominican Republic). Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Sombrero Is.), Aruba,
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 123, 132. Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, and South America.
Common Names: Armuelles (Cuba), Garbancillo (Puerto Rico).
Amaranthus spinosus L., Sp. Pl. 991. 1753. References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 150, 151, 152, 156, 159,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, 323.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas,
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Atriplex domingensis Standl. = Atriplex cristata Humb. & Bonpl. ex
Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Willd.
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, Atriplex littoralis (Jacq.) Fawc. & Rendle = Atriplex cristata Humb. &
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, North Bonpl. ex Willd.
America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Axyris pentandra Jacq. = Atriplex cristata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
Common Names: Calalue, Spiny amaranth (Bahamas), Bledo, Bledo
espinoso (Cuba), Bledo, Bledo espinoso (Dominican Republic), Beta vulgaris L., Sp. Pl. 222. 1753, var. vulgaris
Epinard piquard, Epinard sauvage, Zépina piquant, Zépinard Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto
piquant (Haiti), Zépinna wouj (Lesser Antilles), Blero espinoso Rico; native to Eurasia and Africa.
(Puerto Rico). Common Names: Remolacha, Remolacha amarilla de alemania,
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 323, 340. Remolacha blanca de azúcar, Remolacha de silesia, Remolacha
larga rosada, Remolacha larga violácea, Remolacha olorosa roja
Amaranthus tricolor L., Sp. Pl. 989. 1753.
(Cuba), Acelga, Remolacha (Dominican Republic), Betterave,
Amaranthus gangeticus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1268. 1759.
Betterouge, Betterouge potagere (Haiti), Remolacha (Puerto Rico).
Amaranthus tristis L. var. tristis, Sp. Pl. 989. 1753.
References: 4, 5, 7, 123, 131, 132, 159.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico,
North America, and South America; native to Africa and Asia. Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla L., Sp. Pl. 222. 1753.
Common Name: Bledo morisco (Cuba). Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; only known
References: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 58, 151, 159, 252. in cultivation and naturalized populations.
Common Names: Acelga, Acelga blanca (Cuba).
Amaranthus tristis L. var. leptostachys Moq. = Amaranthus dubius
References: 123, 131, 132, 159.
Mart. ex Thell.
Blutaparon vermiculare (L.) Mears, Taxon 31: 113. 1982; Gomphrena
Amaranthus tristis L. var. tristis = Amaranthus tricolor L.
vermicularis L., Sp. Pl. 224. 1753; Caraxeron vermicularis (L.)
Amaranthus viridis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1405. 1763. Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 38. 1837; Philoxerus vermicularis (L.) R. Br. ex
Amaranthus gracilis Desf. ex Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Sm., Cycl. 27. 1814.
Suppl. 1: 312. 1810. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Chenopodium caudatum Jacq., Collectanea 2: 325. 1789 [“1788”]. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St.
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba,
St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Aruba, Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Bonaire, and Curaçao. Pantropical weed; origin uncertain. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 40, 45, 58, 61, 151, 150, 323, 340.
Common Names: Slender amaranth (Bahamas), Bledo, Bledo blanco
Bucholzia maritima Mart. = Alternanthera maritima (Mart.) A. St.-Hil.
(Cuba), Bledo (Dominican Republic), Épinard, Espinard blanc
(Haiti), Garden calalu (Jamaica), Blero blanco, Blero manso Caraxeron vermicularis (L.) Raf. = Blutaparon vermiculare (L.) Mears
(Puerto Rico). Celosia argentea L., Sp. Pl. 205. 1753, var. argentea
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 151. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Amaranthus viridis sensu Britton & Millsp. = Amaranthus blitum L. Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Atriplex aldamae Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 282. 1866.
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St.
Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), and South America.
Reference: 3.
Common Names: Cockscomb (Bahamas), Cresta de gallo (Cuba),
Atriplex arenaria Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 198. 1818. Alacrancillo, Cadillo, Cockscomb, Cresta de gallo, Moco de pavo
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and North America. (Dominican Republic), Crete coq, Crete coq d’Inde, Crete de coq
References: 3, 45, 151. simple, Herbe à cataractes, Herbe à maligres, Herbe à malingers,
Atriplex confinis Standl. = Atriplex cristata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Herbe à taies, Herbe à verrues, La malaye, Ti-jeannite, Ti-jiannite
(Haiti), Albahaca plateada (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 45, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150, 224, 340. Chenopodium spathulatum Moq. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2):
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. 73. 1849.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Celosia argentea L. var. cristata (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 541.
1891; Celosia cristata L., Sp. Pl. 205. 1753.
Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados,
Distribution: Cultivated in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and
Désirade, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia); cultivated worldwide, origin uncertain.
Common Name: Terciopelo (Cuba).
St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita,
References: 1, 3, 4, 58, 132, 159, 223.
North America, and Old World; native to Mexico, Central
Celosia cristata L. = Celosia argentea L. var. cristata (L.) Kuntze America, and South America.
Celosia nitida Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 44. 1791. Common Names: Jerusalem parsley, Wormseed (Bahamas), Apasote,
Celosia paniculata sensu Moq. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): Apazote, Biengranada (Cuba), Chénopode, Semen contra, Semin
240. 1849, non L. contra (Dominican Republic), Feuilles à vers, Herbe à vers,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Simón Contegras, Vermifuge (Haiti), Bitter weed, Hedge mustard,
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Mexican tea, Semicontract, Wormseed (Jamaica), Boldo, Herbe
Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Guadeloupe, à vers, Semen contra, Thé du mexique, Worm bush, Wormwood
Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Martin), North America, (Lesser Antilles), Apazote, Pasote, Pazote (Puerto Rico).
Mexico, Central America, and South America. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 151, 159,
Common Names: Slender celosia (Bahamas), La malaye, Siempreviva 224, 323, 340.
(Dominican Republic). Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
References: 1, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61. Chenopodium anthelminticum L. = Chenopodium ambrosioides L.
Celosia paniculata L. = Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Chenopodium berlandieri Moq., Chenop. Monogr. Enum. 23. 1840.
Celosia paniculata sensu Moq. = Celosia nitida Vahl Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, Mexico, and Central
America.
Celosia virgata Jacq., Collectanea 2: 279. 1789 [“1788”]. References: 3, 151, 224.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Curaçao, Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 151, 224. Chenopodium caudatum Jacq. = Amaranthus viridis L.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Chenopodium lanceolatum Muhl. ex Willd. = Chenopodium album L.
Centrostachys aspera (L.) Standl. = Achyranthes aspera L. var. aspera var. lanceolatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Coss. & Germ.
Centrostachys indica (L.) Standl. = Achyranthes aspera L. var. aspera Chenopodium murale L., Sp. Pl. 219. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Chamissoa altissima (Jacq.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 197. 1818; (Anguilla, Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Achyranthes altissima Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 17. 1760. Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Martin),
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and Margarita; native to Eurasia and
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Africa.
Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Martin), Common Names: Greens, Sowbane (Bahamas), Celedonia, Corralera,
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Tullida (Dominican Republic), Épinard bord de mer, Sprainbush
Common Names: Pabellón del rey (Dominican Republic), Bois panier, (Lesser Antilles).
Liane panier, Liane tendresse (Haiti), Basket with (Jamaica). References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 224, 323, 340.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61, 340. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Chenopodium album L., Sp. Pl. 219. 1753, var. album Chenopodium spathulatum Moq. = Chenopodium ambrosioides L.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, and North America; probably
native to Old World. Cyathula achyranthoides (Kunth) Moq. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle,
Common Names: Lamb’s-quarters, Pigweed (Bahamas), Apasote Prodr. 13(2): 326. 1849; Desmochaeta achyranthoides Kunth in
blanco, Cenizo blanco (Cuba). F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov.
References: 3, 45, 159, 224. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 210. 1818.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Achyranthes hirtiflora A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
11: 175. 1850.
Chenopodium album L. var. lanceolatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Coss. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America,
& Germ., Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris 451. 1845; Chenopodium and South America.
lanceolatum Muhl. ex Willd., Enum. Pl. 291. 1809. References: 2, 3, 7, 210, 351.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; probably native to Old World.
Reference: 7. Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 11: 549. 1826.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix,
Chenopodium amaranticolor H.J. Coste & Reyn., Bull. Soc. Bot. St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Martinique, St.
France 54: 181. 1907. Lucia, St. Vincent), and Margarita; native to Africa, Asia, Malesia,
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; widely cultivated, origin uncertain. and Pacific Region.
References: 3, 159, 224. References: 1, 2, 6, 58, 112, 159, 323.
Desmochaeta achyranthoides Kunth = Cyathula achyranthoides
Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Sp. Pl. 219. 1753; Dysphania (Kunth) Moq.
ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants, Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn.
59 (4): 382. 2002. Dondia conferta Small = Suaeda conferta (Small) I.M. Johnst.
Chenopodium anthelminticum L., Sp. Pl. 220. 1753. Dondia fruticosa sensu Britton & Millsp. = Suaeda nigra (Raf.) J.F. Macbr.
number 9 8 • 23
Dondia fruticosa (Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel.) Northr. = Suaeda vera Forssk. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
ex J. F. Gmel. References: 3, 149.
Dondia insularis Britton = Suaeda conferta (Small) I.M. Johnst. Guilleminea lanuginosa (Poir.) Moq. ex Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3:
37. 1880; Paronychia lanuginosa Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck,
Dondia tampicensis Standl. = Suaeda tampicensis (Standl.) Standl.
Encycl. Suppl. 4: 303. 1816; Gossypianthus lanuginosus (Poir.)
Froelichia interrupta (L.) Moq. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): Moq. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 337. 1849.
421. 1849; Gomphrena interrupta L., Sp. Pl. 224. 1753. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and Mexico.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central Common Names: Lana de bohío, Sereno de invierno, Yerba de pollo
America, and South America. (Dominican Republic).
References: 2, 3, 5, 7. References: 5, 7, 151.
Goerziella minima (Standl.) Urb. = Amaranthus minimus Standl. Halocnemum ritterianum Moq. = Heterostachys ritteriana (Moq.)
Gomphrena brasiliana L. = Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze Ung.-Sternb.
Gomphrena celosioides Mart., Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Heterostachys ritteriana (Moq.) Ung.-Sternb., Atti Congr. Int. Bot.
Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 13: 310. 1826. Firenze 1874: 332. 1876; Halocnemum ritterianum Moq.,
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to South America. Chenop. Monogr. Enum. 109. 1840.
References: 2, 159. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Name: Pino salado (Dominican Republic).
Gomphrena decumbens Jacq. = Gomphrena serrata L. References: 5, 7.
Gomphrena dentata Moench = Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze Illecebrum achyranthum L. = Alternanthera pungens Kunth
Gomphrena dispersa Standl. = Gomphrena serrata L. Illecebrum peploides Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult. =
Gomphrena ficoidea L. = Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. Alternanthera caracasana Kunth
Gomphrena globosa L., Sp. Pl. 224. 1753. Iresine angustifolia Euphrasén, Beskr. Svenska Vestindiska 165. 1795.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Alternanthera linearis Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 107. 1883.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Iresine elatior Rich. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 766. 1806.
Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser
Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), and Margarita; widely Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
cultivated and naturalized; origin uncertain. Martinique, Montserrat, Redonda, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St.
Common Names: Flor de San Diego, Inmortal, San Diego, Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita,
Siempreviva (Cuba), Habana, Santoma, Siempreviva (Dominican Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Republic), Bachelor’s buttons (Jamaica), Siempreviva (Puerto References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61, 152, 323, 340.
Rico). Iresine argentata (Mart.) D. Dietr. = Pfaffia aurata (Mart.) Borsch
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 224, 323.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Iresine argentata (Mart.) D. Dietr. var. latifolia Suess. = Pfaffia aurata
(Mart.) Borsch
Gomphrena interrupta L. = Froelichia interrupta (L.) Moq.
Iresine canescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = Iresine diffusa Humb. &
Gomphrena polygonoides L. = Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. Bonpl. ex Willd.
Gomphrena serrata L., Sp. Pl. 224. 1753. Iresine celosia L. subsp. celosia = Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
Gomphrena decumbens Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 4: 41. 1804.
Gomphrena dispersa Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 91. 1916. Iresine celosia L. subsp. tomentosa de la Luz = Iresine diffusa Humb. &
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Bonpl. ex Willd.
St. Martin), Mexico, Central America, and South America; exotic Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 765. 1806.
and becoming naturalized in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Celosia paniculata L., Sp. Pl. 206. 1753; Iresine paniculata (L.) Kuntze,
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, Tortola), and southern Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 542. 1891.
United States. Iresine canescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 766. 1806.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 58, 61. Iresine celosia L. subsp. celosia, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1291. 1759.
Gomphrena sessilis L. = Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. Iresine celosia L. subsp. tomentosa de la Luz, Feddes Repert. 96: 553.
1985.
Gomphrena vermicularis L. = Blutaparon vermiculare (L.) Mears Iresine celosioides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1456. 1763.
Gossypianthus brittonii Standl. = Guilleminea brittonii (Standl.) Mears Iresine havanensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
var. brittonii & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 199. 1818.
Iresine parvifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
Gossypianthus heterophyllus Ekman & Suess. = Guilleminea brittonii
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 199. 1818.
(Standl.) Mears var. heterophylla (Ekman & Suess.) Mears
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Guilleminea brittonii (Standl.) Mears, Sida 3: 150. 1967, var. brittonii; Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Gossypianthus brittonii Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 92. Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,
1916. Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), North America, Mexico,
References: 3, 149, 152. Central America, and South America.
Guilleminea brittonii (Standl.) Mears var. heterophylla (Ekman & Common Names: Felicidad, Velo de novia del monte (Puerto Rico).
Suess.) Mears, Sida 3: 150. 1967; Gossypianthus heterophyllus References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 131, 149, 150, 151.
Ekman & Suess., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 35: 317. 1934. Iresine domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 337. 1907.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Martinique), and
References: 5, 7, 30. South America.
References: 1, 6, 30, 32, 58, 151.
Iresine elatior Rich. ex Willd. = Iresine angustifolia Euphrasén
Pfaffia iresinoides (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 4: 106. 1827;
Iresine flavescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 766. 1806.
Alternanthera iresinoides Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Iresine inaguensis Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(3):
149. 1906.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and Mexico.
Lucia), Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Coastal iresine (Bahamas), Jiquilete (Cuba).
Common Name: Twenty-one shilling (Lesser Antilles).
References: 3, 45, 150, 151.
Iresine havanensis Kunth = Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
Pfaffia grandiflora sensu Liogier = Pfaffia aurata (Mart.) Borsch
Iresine herbstii Hook., Gard. Chron. 1864: 654. 1864.
Salicornia bigelovii Torr., Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 2(1): 184. 1858
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
[“1859”].
(Guadeloupe, Martinique), and Margarita; widely cultivated;
origin uncertain.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles
Common Names: Carey, Coqueta, Molleja (Cuba), Molleja (Dominican
(Anguilla, St. Martin), North America, and Mexico.
Republic), Molleja de gallina, Sinvergüenza (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Peregil de costa, Verdolaguilla blanca (Cuba), Chifle
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 61, 123, 131, 132, 224, 254, 323.
(Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 45, 131.
Iresine inaguensis Millsp. = Iresine flavescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
Salicornia perennis sensu Britton & Millsp. = Salicornia virginica L.
Iresine lindenii Van Houtte, Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 17: 41. 1868.
Salicornia virginica L., Sp. Pl. 4. 1753.
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; origin
Salicornia perennis sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 122. 1920, non
uncertain.
Mill.
Common Name: Brillantina (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
References: 7, 61, 131, 151.
Puerto Rico, and North America.
Iresine paniculata (L.) Kuntze = Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Common Names: Guinea-bead, Wild coral, Woody glass wort (Bahamas).
Lithophila muscoides Sw., Prodr. 14. 1788. References: 2, 4, 7, 45, 61.
Alternanthera caribaea Moq. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 354. Salsola linearis Elliott = Suaeda linearis (Elliott) Moq.
1852.
Sarcocornia perennis (Mill.) A.J. Scott, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 75: 367.
Lithophila muscoides Sw. subsp. macrantha Urb. var. linearifolia Urb.,
1978 [“1977”]; Salicornia perennis Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Symb. Antill. 5: 338. 1907.
Salicornia ambigua Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 2. 1803.
Lithophila muscoides Sw. subsp. macrantha Urb. var. platyphylla Urb.,
Symb. Antill. 5: 339. 1907.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix), Lesser
Lithophila muscoides Sw. subsp. macrantha Urb. var. stenophylla Urb.,
Antilles (Barbuda), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, North
Symb. Antill. 5: 339. 1907.
America, Mexico, South America, and Old World.
Lithophila muscoides Sw. subsp. micrantha Urb. var. caespitosa Urb,
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 45, 61, 58, 150, 231, 323.
Symb. Antill. 5: 339. 1907.
Lithophila muscoides Sw. subsp. micrantha Urb. var. compacta Urb, Scleropus amaranthoides Schrad. = Amaranthus crassipes Schltdl.
Symb. Antill. 5: 339. 1907. Spinacia oleracea L., Sp. Pl. 1027. 1753.
Lithophila muscoides Sw. subsp. micrantha Urb. var. intermedia Urb, Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands and Hispaniola; widely
Symb. Antill. 5: 339. 1907. cultivated, origin uncertain.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Common Names: Espinaca (Dominican Republic), Bon henri, Epinard,
Navassa, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix), Lesser Z’epinard (Haiti).
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Grenadines, References: 4, 7.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Redonda,
Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Suaeda conferta (Small) I.M. Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 230. 1943;
Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, and Venezuela. Dondia conferta Small, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 280. 1899.
Common Name: Mosslike lithophila (Bahamas). Dondia insularis Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 138. 1906; Suaeda
References: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 152, 323. insularis (Britton) Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 2. 1927.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, United States (TX), and
Mogiphanes ramosissima Mart. = Alternanthera ramosissima (Mart.) Mexico.
Chodat Common Name: Island sea-blite (Bahamas).
Mogiphanes straminea Mart. = Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze References: 3, 5, 7, 45, 254, 644.
Paronychia lanuginosa Poir. = Guilleminea lanuginosa (Poir.) Moq. ex Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk. = Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J. F. Gmel.
Benth. & Hook. f. Suaeda insularis (Britton) Urb. & Ekman = Suaeda conferta (Small)
Pfaffia aurata (Mart.) Borsch, Novon 5: 230. 1995; Trommsdorffia I.M. Johnst.
aurata Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 41. 1826. Suaeda linearis (Elliott) Moq., Chenop. Monogr. Enum. 130. 1840;
Iresine argentata (Mart.) D. Dietr. var. latifolia Suess., Repert. Spec. Salsola linearis Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1(4): 332. 1817.
Nov. Regni Veg. 35: 319. 1934. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, North America,
Trommsdorffia argentata Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 40. 1826; Iresine Mexico, and Central America.
argentata (Mart.) D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 870. 1839. Common Name: Tall sea-blite (Bahamas).
Pfaffia grandiflora sensu Liogier, Descr. Fl. Puerto Rico 1: 167. 1985, References: 3, 7, 45, 644.
non R.E. Fries
number 9 8 • 25
Suaeda moquinii (Torr.) Greene = Suaeda nigra (Raf.) J.F. Macbr. Allium ampeloprasum L., Sp. Pl. 295. 1753, nom. cons.
Allium porrum L., Sp. Pl. 295. 1753.
Suaeda nigra (Raf.) J.F. Macbr., Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 50. 1918;
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native
Chenopodium nigrum Raf., Atlantic J. 1(4): 146. 1832.
to Europe, Africa, and temperate Asia.
Dondia fruticosa sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 121. 1920, non
Common Names: Ajo porro, Ajo puerro, Puerro, Puerro común (Cuba),
(L.) Northr. nor Forssk.
Puerro (Dominican Republic), Poireau, Porreau (Haiti), Cebollín,
Suaeda moquinii (Torr.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 264. 1889.
Puerro (Puerto Rico).
Suaeda torreyana S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 9: 88. 1874.
References: 5, 123, 131, 132, 147, 282.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, North America,
and Mexico. Allium ascalonicum sensu authors = Allium cepa L.
References: 45, 159, 254, 644. Allium canadense L., Sp. Pl. 1195. 1753.
Suaeda tampicensis (Standl.) Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to North America.
Ser. 8(1): 10. 1930; Dondia tampicensis Standl., N. Amer. Fl. 21 Common Names: Ajo de montaña, Ajo porro, Cebollino (Cuba).
(1): 91. 1916. Reference: 282.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Virgin Islands (Anegada), United Allium cepa L., Sp. Pl. 300. 1753.
States (TX), and Mexico. Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 6:
Reference: 7, 254. 27. 1827.
Suaeda torreyana S. Watson = Suaeda nigra (Raf.) J.F. Macbr. Allium ascalonicum sensu authors, non L.
Distribution: Cultivated throughout the West Indies. Cultigen
Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J. F. Gmel., Onomat. Bot. Compl. 8: 797. 1776.
originating from central Asia.
Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 70. 1775; Dondia
Common Names: Cebolla, Cebolla corojo, Cebolla de diente, Cebolla
fruticosa (L.) Northr., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 35. 1902.
de la tierra, Cebolla multiplicadora (Cuba), Cebolla (Dominican
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Virgin Islands (Anegada);
Republic), Charlotte, Echalotte, Géchalotte, Oignon, Z’échalotte
native to Eurasia and Africa.
Z’oignon, Zongnon (Haiti), Onion (Jamaica), Cebolla, Onion
Common Name: Yerba de botella (Cuba).
(Puerto Rico).
References: 3, 5, 61, 151, 152, 159.
References: 5, 28, 123, 131, 132, 147, 282, 295, 597.
Note: The record for Anegada may refer to S. tampicensis
Note: A species with numerous cultivars.
Telanthera bettzickiana Regel = Alternanthera tenella Colla var.
Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G. Don = Allium cepa L.
bettzickiana (Regel) Veldkamp
Allium chinense G. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 6: 83. 1827.
Telanthera crucis Moq. = Alternanthera crucis (Moq.) Boldingh
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to China.
Telanthera dolichocephala Urb. = Alternanthera crucis (Moq.) Common Names: Ajo de montaña, Ajo porro, Cebollino, Rackio (Cuba).
Boldingh References: 147, 282.
Telanthera flavogrisea Urb. = Alternanthera halimifolia (Lam.) Standl. Allium fistulosum L., Sp. Pl. 301. 1753.
ex Pittier Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba. Cultigen originating from China.
Telanthera olivacea Urb. = Alternanthera olivacea (Urb.) Urb. Common Names: Ajo de jardín, Cebollín, Cebollino, Cebollino Español
(Cuba).
Telanthera sintenisii Urb. = Alternanthera crucis (Moq.) Boldingh References: 147, 282.
Tidestromia lanuginosa (Nutt.) Standl., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6: 70. Allium gracile Dryand. = Nothoscordum gracile (Dryand.) Stearn
1916; Achyranthes lanuginosa Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.,
n.s., 5: 166. 1820. Allium porrum L. = Allium ampeloprasum L
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, and Mexico. Allium sativum L., Sp. Pl. 296. 1753.
Reference: 7. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Trommsdorffia argentata Mart. = Pfaffia aurata (Mart.) Borsch and Virgin Islands. Cultigen originating from Asia.
Common Names: Ajo, Ajo común (Cuba), Ajo, Cebolla (Dominican
Trommsdorffia aurata Mart. = Pfaffia aurata (Mart.) Borsch Republic), Ail, Ail de cuisine, Lai (Haiti), Garlic (Jamaica), Ajo
*Woehleria serpyllifolia Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 9: (Puerto Rico), Garlic (Virgin Islands).
11. 1861. References: 2, 5, 28, 123, 131, 132, 147, 282.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Allium schoenoprasum L., Sp. Pl. 301. 1753.
Reference: 3. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica; native to New
DOUBTFUL NAME and Old World temperate regions.
Common Names: Cebollino (Cuba), Ciboule Cive, Ciboulette, Civette
Iresine gossypiantha A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: (Haiti), Chives (Jamaica).
177. 1850. References: 2, 5, 28, 123, 132, 282.
Described as endemic to Cuba; but not known to modern botanists.
Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 38. 1825.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to China.
AMARYLLIDaceae References: 147, 282.
Amaryllis belladonna L., Sp. Pl. 293. 1753, nom. cons.
Genera. Total: 10; native: 3; endemic: 0. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to Africa.
Taxa. Total: 46; native: 22; endemic: 14. Common Names: Bella dama, Belladona de otoño, Lirio tararaco,
Tararaco, Tulipán (Cuba).
Agapanthus africanus (L.) Hoffmanns., Verz. Pfl.-Kult. 35. 1824. References: 5, 132, 147.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Africa.
References: 2, 147, 151. Amaryllis bifolia Aubl. = Zephyranthes bifolia (Aubl.) M. Roem.
Amaryllis carinata (Herb.) Spreng. = Zephyranthes carinata Herb. Crinum sanderianum Baker, Gard. Chron., ser. 2, 22: 102. 1884.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to tropical Africa.
Amaryllis equestris Aiton = Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Voss
Reference: 491.
Amaryllis punicea Lam. = Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Voss
Crinum zeylanicum (L.) L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 236. 1767; Crinum
Amaryllis tubispatha L’Hér. = Habranthus tubispathus (L’Hér.) Traub latifolium L. var. zeylanicum L. Sp. Pl. 291. 1753.
Atamosco cardinalis (C.H. Wright) Britton = Zephyranthes cardinalis Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
C.H. Wright Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Virgin
Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Atamosco carinata (Herb.) P. Wilson = Zephyranthes carinata Herb. Saba); native to Africa and Asia.
Atamosco rosea (Lindl.) Greene = Zephyranthes rosea Lindl. Common Names: Lirio de cinta (Cuba), Lirio (Dominican Republic).
References: 2, 19, 28, 45, 123, 132, 147, 491.
Atamosco tubispatha (L’Hér.) M. Gómez = Habranthus tubispathus
(L’Hér.) Traub. Eucharis amazonica Linden ex Planch., Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 12: 1216.
1857.
Atamosco tubispatha sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Zephyranthes
Eucharis grandiflora sensu authors, non Planch. & Linden.
puertoricensis Traub.
Distribution: Naturalized in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Crinum amabile Donn ex Ker Gawl. = Crinum asiaticum L. Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Nevis,
Crinum americanum L., Sp. Pl. 292. 1753. Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin), and Margarita; widely
Crinum caribaeum Baker, Gard. Chron. 1881(2): 40. 1881. cultivated in Cuba; native to northern Peru.
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, North Common Name: Eucharist lily (Jamaica).
America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. References: 1, 2, 4, 7, 23, 28, 61, 147, 254, 323.
Common Names: Seven sisters (Cayman Isl.), Lirio de San Pedro (Cuba). Eucharis grandiflora sensu authors = Eucharis amazonica Linden ex
References: 2, 3, 4, 147, 491. Planch.
Crinum asiaticum L., Sp. Pl. 292. 1753. Habranthus tubispathus (L’Hér.) Traub, Pl. Life 7: 42. 1951; Amaryllis
Crinum amabile Donn ex Ker-Gawl, Hort. Cantabrig., ed. 6, 83. 1811. tubispatha L’Hér., Sert. Angl. 9. 1789; Atamosco tubispatha
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto (L’Hér.) M. Gómez, Bol. Secr. Agric. Comerc. Trab., Cuba 22: 106.
Rico, Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, St. Lucia), and Margarita; native 1914; Zephyranthes tubispatha (L’Hér.) Herb., Appendix 36. 1821.
to Asia, Malesia, and Pacific Region. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas),
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 28, 30, 45, 147, 244, 323, 491. and Lesser Antilles (Barbados); native to South America.
Crinum bulbispermum (Burm. f.) Milne-Redh. & Schweick., J. Linn. References: 28, 147, 294.
Soc., Bot. 52: 161. 1939. Hippeastrum equestre (Aiton) Herb. = Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.)
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Voss
Martinique, Saba, St. Kitts); native to South Africa.
Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3, 1:
1033. 1895; Amaryllis punicea Lam., Encycl. 1: 122. 1783.
Crinum caribaeum Baker = Crinum americanum L. Amaryllis equestris Aiton, Hortus Kew. 1: 417. 1789; Hippeastrum
Crinum erubescens Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland equestre (Aiton) Herb., Appendix 31. 1821.
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 279. 1816. Hippeastrum purpureum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 703. 1891.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Lesser Antilles Hymenocallis biflora Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 87. 1894.
(Guadeloupe, Saba, St. Kitts); native to Mexico, Central America, Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
and South America. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
Common Names: Lirio, Lirio cinta, Lirio de cinta (Dominican Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Republic), Lis, Lis blanc, Oignon de lis (Haiti). Barbados, Désirade, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
References: 1, 3, 5, 147. Martinique, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent).
Common Names: Amaryllis, Lino, Lirio, Palito de Indio (Dominican
Crinum giganteum Andrews, Bot. Repos. 3: t. 169. 1801. Republic), Calatat, Galatat, La trompette, Lis de Catherine, Lis
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to tropical Africa. rouge, Petit lis du calvaire, Zonzon, Zon zon (Haiti), Easter lily
Reference: 491. (Jamaica), Easter lily, Fleur-trompette, Grote pinpin, Leli, Lis rouge,
Crinum jagus (J. Thomps.) Dandy, J. Bot. 77: 64. 1939. Red lily (Lesser Antilles), Amapola, Lirio rojo (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to Africa. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 45, 131, 147, 152, 491.
Reference: 491. Hippeastrum purpureum Kuntze = Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Voss
Crinum latifolium L. var. zeylanicum L. = Crinum zeylanicum (L.) L. Hippeastrum vittatum Herb., Appendix 31. 1821.
Crinum longifolium (L.) Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 59. 1794. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Margarita; native to South
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to tropical Africa. America.
Reference: 491. Common Name: Lirio (Dominican Republic).
Crinum oliganthum Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 100. 1917.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Hymenocallis arenicola Northr., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 28. 1902;
Common Name: Lirio (Cuba) Pancratium arenicola (Northr.) Alain, Phytologia 8: 369. 1962.
References: 3, 132, 147, 491. Hymenocallis declinata sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 78. 1920,
non, Sweet nor Roem.
Crinum palustre Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 101. 1917.
Hispaniola, and Jamaica.
References: 5, 147.
References: 2, 3, 45, 147, 491.
number 9 8 • 27
Hymenocallis biflora Sessé & Moc. = Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Hymenocallis praticola Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
Voss 16: 60. 1920; Pancratium praticola (Britton & P. Wilson) Alain,
Phytologia 8: 369. 1962.
Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb., Appendix 44. 1821; Pancratium
Hymenocallis stenophylla Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 53.
caribaeum L., Sp. Pl. 291. 1753; Nemepiodon caribaeus (L.) Raf.,
1925.
Fl. Tellur. 4: 22. 1838.
Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb. f. angustifolia Voss, Vilm.
References: 3, 28, 147, 156.
Blumengärtn., ed. 3, 1: 1021. 1895.
Note: A collection of a cultivated plant from Puerto Rico seems to refer
Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb. var. cinerascens Herb.,
to this species.
Amaryllidaceae: 212. 1837.
Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb. var. patens (Lindl. ex Delile) Herb., Hymenocallis speciosa (L. f. ex Salisb.) Salisb., Trans. Hort. Soc.
Amaryllidaceae: 212. 1837. London 1: 340. 1812; Pancratium speciosum L. f. ex Salisb.,
Hymenocallis declinata (Jacq.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 513. 1830; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 73. 1794.
Pancratium declinatum Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 99. 1763. Pancratium caribaeum Curt., Bot. Mag. 21: t. 826. 1805.
Pancratium carolinianum sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, and
120. 1883, non L. Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, The Grenadines, St. Vincent);
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, cultivated in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. John).
St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Common Name: Lirio del Japón (Cuba).
Barbados, Grenada, The Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie References: 1, 19, 28, 45, 132, 147, 152.
Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Hymenocallis stenophylla Urb. = Hymenocallis praticola Britton &
Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), and P. Wilson
Margarita.
Common Names: Lirio san Juan, Tararaco blanco (Cuba), Leli, Lily, Nemepiodon caribaeus (L.) Raf. = Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb.
Lis à l’huile, Lis blanc, Oignon de lis, Spider lily (Lesser Antilles), Nothoscordum gracile (Dryand.) Stearn, Taxon 35: 338. 1986; Allium
Spider lily (Virgin Islands). gracile Dryand. in Aiton, Hortus Kew. 1: 429. 1789.
References: 1, 2, 3, 19, 147, 323, 491. Nothoscordum inodorum sensu C.D. Adams, Fl. Pl. Jamaica 78. 1972,
Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb. f. angustifolia Voss = Hymenocallis non (Aiton) Asch. & Graebn.
caribaea (L.) Herb. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Mexico, Central America,
and South America.
Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb. var. cinerascens Herb. = Hymenocallis References: 2, 147, 151, 254, 557.
caribaea (L.) Herb.
Nothoscordum inodorum sensu C.D. Adams = Nothoscordum gracile
Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb. var. patens (Lindl. ex Delile) Herb. = (Dryand.) Stearn
Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb.
Pancratium arenicola (Northr.) Alain = Hymenocallis arenicola Northr.
Hymenocallis declinata sensu Britton & Millsp. = Hymenocallis
arenicola Northr. Pancratium caribaeum Curt. = Hymenocallis speciosa (Salisb.) Salisb.
Hymenocallis declinata (Jacq.) Sweet = Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb. Pancratium caribaeum L. = Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb.
Hymenocallis expansa (Herb.) Herb. = Hymenocallis latifolia (Mill.) Pancratium carolinianum sensu Bello = Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb.
M. Roem. Pancratium caymanense (Herb.) Alain = Hymenocallis latifolia (Mill.)
Hymenocallis fragrans (Salisb.) Salisb., Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: M. Roem.
340. 1812; Pancratium fragrans Salisb., Trans. Linn. Soc. London Pancratium declinatum Jacq. = Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb.
2: 72. 1794.
Pancratium fragrans Salisb. = Hymenocallis fragrans (Salisb) Salisb.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Jamaica and apparently
the Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Martinique). Pancratium latifolium Mill. = Hymenocallis latifolia (Mill.) M. Roem.
References: 1, 2, 147. Pancratium praticola (Britton & P. Wilson) Alain = Hymenocallis
Hymenocallis latifolia (Mill.) M. Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 4: praticola Britton & P. Wilson
168. 1847; Pancratium latifolium Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Pancratium speciosum L. f. ex Salisb. = Hymenocallis speciosa (L. f. ex
Hymenocallis expansa (Herb.) Herb., Appendix 44. 1821. Salisb.) Salisb.
Pancratium caymanense (Herb.) Alain, Brittonia 20: 149. 1968.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Zephyranthes bifolia (Aubl.) M. Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 4:
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, 125. 1847; Amaryllis bifolia Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 304. 1775.
St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (St. Kitts), and United Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and
States (FL). Hispaniola.
Common Names: Lirio blanco, Lirio de Ciénaga, Lirio de San Juan, Common Names: Cebolla cimarrona, Duende rosado, Primavera, Tulipe,
Lirio Sanjuanero (Cuba), Amaryllis, Lirio, Lirio blanco, Lirio de Violeta (Dominican Republic), Duende, Duende cimarrón (Haiti).
plata, Lirio de playa (Dominican Republic), Fleur de lis, Lis blanc, References: 5, 30, 45, 147.
Lis de St. Antoine, Oignon de lis, Pancratier blanc, Pancrais de Zephyranthes candida (Lindl.) Herb., Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2607. 1826.
Antilles (Haiti), Lirio blanco, Lirio de playa (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique); native
References: 2, 4, 45, 28, 123, 131, 132, 147, 152, 241, 491. to South America.
Hymenocallis ovata Herb., Appendix 44. 1821. References: 1, 147.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles, and South America. Zephyranthes cardinalis C.H. Wright, Bot. Mag. 140: t. 8553. 1914.
Common Name: Tararaco blanco (Cuba). Atamosco cardinalis (C.H. Wright) Britton in N.L. Britton & C.F.
References: 3, 147. Millspaugh, Bahama Fl. 78. 1920.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Eustatius, St. Martin), Central
References: 45, 147. America, and South America.
Common Names: Small pink atamasco-lily (Bahamas), Brujita rosada
Zephyranthes carinata Herb., Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2594. 1825; Amaryllis
(Cuba), Duende rosado (Dominican Republic), Kleine penpen, Leli
carinata (Herb.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4: 132. 1827; Atamosco
di San Jose, Sibojitu (Lesser Antilles), Duende rojo (Puerto Rico).
carinata (Herb.) P. Wilson in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv.
References: 1, 3, 4, 28, 45, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150.
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 159. 1923.
Zephyranthes grandiflora sensu Proctor, Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong, Zephyranthes tubispatha (L’Hér.) Herb. = Habranthus tubispathus
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 113. 2005. (L’Hér.) Traub
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Zephyranthes wrightii Baker, Handb. Amaryll. 32. 1888.
Central America, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Zephyranthes ciceroana M.M. Mejía & R.G. García, Moscosoa 8: 23.
1994.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Anacardiaceae
Common Name: Duende de la Altagracia (Dominican Republic).
References: 8, 147, 156. Genera. Total: 10; native: 6; endemic: 0.
Zephyranthes citrina Baker, Bot. Mag. 108: t. 6605. 1882.
Zephyranthes eggersiana Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 292. 1907. Anacardium excelsum (Bert. & Balbis ex Kunth) Skeels, U.S.D.A. Bur.
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Pl. Industr. Bull. 242: 36. 1912.
Central America, and South America; apparently introduced Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba (Soledad Botanic Gardens).
in Bahamas, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Reference: 254 (Jacqs 8444).
Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia,
St. Martin), and North America. Anacardium occidentale L., Sp. Pl. 383. 1753.
Common Names: Brujita amarilla (Cuba), Duende amarillo (Dominican Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Republic), Crocus (Jamaica), Petit lis jaune, Yellow crocus (Lesser Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John,
Antilles), Duende amarillo (Puerto Rico). St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 45, 123, 131, 132, 147, 491. Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St.
Zephyranthes cubensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 292. 1907. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. and Margarita; native to South America.
Common Names: Brujita americana, Brujitas (Cuba). Common Names: Cajuil, Marañon (Cuba), Cacajuil, Cajuil (Dominican
References: 3, 30, 147, 491. Republic), Acajou, Anacarde, Noix d’acajou, Pomme, Pomme
Zephyranthes eggersiana Urb. = Zephyranthes citrina Baker acajou, Pomme cajou (Haiti), Cashew (Jamaica), Cashew,
Cashew-nut, Neva, Noix-cajou, Pomme-cajou, Wild almond
Zephyranthes grandiflora sensu Proctor et al. = Zephyranthes carinata
(Lesser Antilles), Cajuil, Marañon, Pajuil (Puerto Rico), Cashew
Herb.
nut (Virgin Islands).
Zephyranthes insularum H.H. Hume ex Moldenke, Pl. Life 8: 152. 1952. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 40, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 224, 301,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 323, 340.
References: 3, 147. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Zephyranthes plumieri H.H. Hume ex Moldenke, Pl. Life 8: 152. 1952. Comocladia acuminata Britton = Comocladia cuneata Britton
Comocladia acuminata sensu Bello = Comocladia glabra (Schult.)
Reference: 147.
Spreng.
Zephyranthes proctorii Acev.-Rodr. & M.T. Strong, Contr. U.S. Natl.
Comocladia cordata Britton, Torreya 7: 6. 1907.
Herb. 52: 115. 2005.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
References: 2, 427.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Zephyranthes puertoricensis Traub., Pl. Life 7: 37. 1951.
Comocladia cuneata Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 9. 1914.
Atamosco tubispatha sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
Comocladia acuminata Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 349. 1910.
& Virgin Islands 5: 158. 1923, non (L’Hér.) M. Gómez.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Common Names: Chicharrón, Guao (Dominican Republic), Bois
Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John), Lesser Antilles
pagnol, Bresillet, Brésillette, Dos Gilette, La (s) brisiette (Haiti).
(Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
Note: Cited for Puerto Rico in error (6).
and South America; cultivated in Cuba.
Common Names: Bruja, Brujita blanca (Cuba), Duende blanco Comocladia dentata Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 12. 1760.
(Dominican Republic), Barbados snow drop, Lis-savane, Petit lis Comocladia propinqua Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
blanc, Sibojitu, White snowdrop (Lesser Antilles), Duende blanco Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 7: 16. 1824.
(Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands,
References: 1, 28, 45, 61, 123, 131, 147, 150, 254, 491. Cuba, and Hispaniola.
Common Names: Guao, Guao de costa (Dominican Republic),
Zephyranthes rosea Lindl., Bot. Reg. 10: t. 821. 1824; Atamosco rosea
Bouzillette, Brisiette, Bresillet, Bresillette (Haiti).
(Lindl.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 188. 1897.
References: 3, 4, 5, 7, 151.
Note: Cited for Puerto Rico in error (6).
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles
number 9 8 • 29
Comocladia dodonaea (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 360. 1910; Ilex Comocladia parvifoliola Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 346. 1910.
dodonaea L., Sp. Pl. 125. 1753. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Comocladia ilicifolia Sw., Prodr. 17. 1788. References: 2, 156, 427.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, Threatened Species.
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Comocladia pilosa Britton = Comocladia pinnatifolia L.
Antigua, Barbuda, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie
Galante, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Comocladia pinnatifolia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 861. 1759.
Martin, St. Vincent). Comocladia integrifolia Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 12. 1760.
Common Names: Chicharrón cimarrón, Guao (Dominican Republic), Comocladia pilosa Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 348. 1910.
Brésiller, Bresillet, Bresillette (Haiti), Bois de houx, Hogwood, Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
Hollywood, Houx-pays (Lesser Antilles), Carrasco, Chicharrón, Jamaica.
Maíz pelado, Maíz tostado, Prapra, Próspera (Puerto Rico). Common Names: Guao (Dominican Republic), Bois espagnol, Brésille,
References: 1, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 152. Bresillet, Bresillette, Sabilier (Haiti), Maiden plum (Jamaica).
References: 2, 5, 7, 152, 156.
Comocladia domingensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 350. 1910.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Comocladia platyphylla A. Rich. ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 68. 1866.
Common Names: Guao (Dominican Republic), Bois espagnol (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 5, 7. Reference: 3.
Comocladia ebrenbergii Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 420. 1881. Comocladia propinqua Kunth = Comocladia dentata Jacq.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Comocladia pubescens Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 420. 1881.
References: 5, 7. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
Comocladia ekmaniana Helwig, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 23. 1929. Jamaica.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Name: Guao (Dominican Republic).
References: 5, 7. References: 2, 7, 30.
Comocladia gilgiana Helwig, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 24. 1929. Comocladia velutina Britton, Torreya 7: 6. 1907.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 5, 7. Common Name: Velvet-leaved maiden plum (Jamaica).
References: 2, 427.
Comocladia glabra (Schult.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 176. 1824 Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
[“1825”]; Comocladia ilicifolia Sw. var. glabra Schult., Mant. 1: Species.
350. 1822.
Comocladia acuminata sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: Euleria tetramera Urb. = Picrasma tetramera (Urb.) W.W. Thomas, J.D.
253. 1881, non Sessé & Moc. Mitchell & A. Noa Monzón (Simaroubaceae)
Comocladia glabra (Schult.) Spreng. var. acuminata Urb., Symb. Antill. Mangifera indica L., Sp. Pl. 200. 1753.
4: 361. 1910. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix,
Puerto Rico. St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
Common Names: Chicharrón, Guao (Dominican Republic), Bresillet, (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada,
Brésillette (Haiti), Carrasco, Guao (Puerto Rico). Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
References: 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 340. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
Comocladia glabra (Schult.) Spreng. var. acuminata Urb. = Comocladia Tobago, Trinidad, and Margarita; native to tropical Asia.
glabra (Schult.) Spreng. Common Names: Mango (Bahamas), Manga, Manga amarilla, Manga
blanca, Mango, Mango de hilacha (Cuba), Mango, Mangue
Comocladia gracilis Helwig, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 23. 1929. (Dominican Republic), Mangot, Mangot fil, Manguier (Haiti),
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Mango (Jamaica), Mango, Manguier, Pied-mango (Lesser
References: 5, 7. Antilles), Mango, Mangó (Puerto Rico).
Comocladia grandidentata Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 568. 1908. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 159, 224,
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. 301, 323, 340, 383.
Comocladia ilicifolia Sw. = Comocladia dodonaea (L.) Urb. Metopium brownii (Jacq.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 402. 1908 [as
brownei]; Terebinthus brownii Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 18. 1760.
Comocladia ilicifolia Sw. var. glabra Schult. = Comocladia glabra
Metopium brownii (Jacq.) Urb. var. brachycarpum Urb., Symb. Antill.
(Schult.) Spreng.
5: 403. 1908.
Comocladia integrifolia Jacq. = Comocladia pinnatifolia L. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Bonaire, Mexico,
Comocladia intermedia C. Wright ex Engl., Monogr. Phan. 4: 366. 1883. and Central America.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Chicharrón, Chicharrón cimarrón, Cochinila,
Reference: 3. Cochinilla, Cotinilla, Guao, Mulatre (Dominican Republic), Bois
mulâtre (Haiti), Burn wood (Jamaica).
Comocladia jamaicensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 347. 1910. References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 149, 152.
References: 2, 152. Metopium brownii (Jacq.) Urb. var. brachycarpum Urb. = Metopium
brownii (Jacq.) Urb.
Comocladia mollifolia Ekman & Helwig, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 22. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola. Metopium toxiferum (L.) Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 612. 1896;
References: 3, 5, 7. Amyris toxifera L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1000. 1759.
Rhus metopium sensu A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. References: 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 131, 132, 159, 224, 323, 383.
Vasc. 381. 1845, non L. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Spondias cytherea Sonn. = Spondias dulcis Parkinson
Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica), North America, and
Mexico. Spondias cytherea Tussac = Spondias mombin L.
Common Names: Poison tree, Poison wood (Bahamas), Pinipiniche Spondias dulcis Parkinson, J. Voy. South Seas 39. 1773.
(Cuba), Guao, Manzanillo (Dominican Republic), Bois mulâtre, Spondias cytherea Sonn., Voy. Indes Orient. 3: 242. 1782.
Machandeuse, Machandoise, Manceniller, Mancenillier, Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Manchenille, Manchineel, Maximier, Maximilien (Haiti), Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas),
Poisonwood (Lesser Antilles), Cedro prieto, Papayo (Puerto Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), Trinidad, and Margarita; probably
Rico). native to tropical Asia or Oceania.
References: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 131, 132. Common Names: Ciruela dulce, Jobo de la India, Manzana de Otahití
Metopium venosum (Griseb.) Engl., Monogr. Phan. 4: 367. 1883; Rhus (Cuba), Jobo de la India, Manzana de oro, Robe (Dominican
venosum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 67. 1866. Republic), Mombin espagnol, Pomme cythere (Haiti), Jew plum
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (Jamaica), Hog plum, Pomme-cythére, Prune-cythére, Yellow plum
Reference: 3. (Lesser Antilles), Cítara, Jobo de la India (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 151, 159, 254,
Mosquitoxylum jamaicense Krug & Urb., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. 323, 383.
Berlin 1: 79. 1895.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and South Spondias lutea L. = Spondias mombin L.
America. Spondias lutea L. var. maxima Engl. = Spondias mombin L.
Common Name: Mosquito wood (Jamaica).
Spondias mombin L., Sp. Pl. 371. 1753.
References: 2, 151.
Spondias cytherea Tussac, Fl. Antill. 3: 95. 1824.
Rhus bahamensis G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 72. 1832. Spondias lutea L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 613. 1762.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. Spondias lutea L. var. maxima Engl. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 12
References: 45, 152. (2): 374. 1876.
Rhus cominia L. = Allophylus cominia (L.) (Sw.) var. cominia Spondias pseudomyrobalanus Tussac, Fl. Antill. 4: 97. 1827.
(Sapindaceae) Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix,
Rhus copallinum L., Sp. Pl. 266. 1753. St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
Rhus copallinum L. subsp. leucanthum (Jacq.) A.E. Murray, Kalmia 13: (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, The Grenadines,
28. 1983; Rhus leucantha Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 50. Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
1798; Rhus copallinum L. var. leucanthum (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 2: Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad,
68. 1825. Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, Central America,
Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America. South America, and Old World.
References: 3, 150, 151. Common Names: Ciruela agria, Citero, Hobos, Jobito, Jobo, Jobo
Rhus copallinum L. subsp. leucanthum (Jacq.) A.E. Murray = Rhus hembra, Jobo negro, Mombín (Cuba), Ciruela, Ciruela amarilla,
copallinum L. Ciruelo, Hog plum, Jobo, Jobo amarillo, Jobo de puerco, Jobobán,
Myrobalane (Dominican Republic), Grand mombin, Grand
Rhus copallinum L. var. leucanthum (Jacq.) DC. = Rhus copallinum L.
mombin franc, Gros mombin, Mombin, Mombin franc (Haiti),
Rhus leucanthum Jacq. = Rhus copallinum L. Hog plum, Jamaican plum (Jamaica), Hog plum, Mombin, Prune
Rhus metopium sensu A. Rich. = Metopium toxiferum (L.) Krug & Urb. mombin, Prune myrobalan (Lesser Antilles), Jobo, Jobo de perro,
Jobo gusanero, Jobo vano (Puerto Rico).
Rhus radicans L. = Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 40, 61, 62, 75, 123, 131, 132, 151,
Rhus rufescens Desv. ex Ham = Brunellia comocladifolia Humb. & 152, 301, 323, 340, 383.
Bonpl. subsp. jamaicensis Cuatrec. (Brunelliaceae) Spondias myrobalanus L. = Spondias purpurea L.
Rhus venosum Griseb. = Metopium venosum (Griseb.) Engl. Spondias pseudomyrobalanus Tussac = Spondias mombin L.
Schinus fagara L. = Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. (Rutaceae) Spondias purpurea L., Sp. Pl. 613. 1753.
Schinus molle L., Sp. Pl. 388. 1753. Spondias myrobalanus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1036. 1759.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and Puerto Rico; native to South Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
America. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John), Lesser Antilles
Common Name: Pimiento de América (Cuba). (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
References: 6, 58, 132, 224. Martinique, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago,
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Trinidad, and Margarita; native to Mexico, Central America, and
South America.
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Mem. Mat. Fis. Soc. Ital. Sci. Modena,
Common Names: Hug plum (Bahamas), Ciruela amarilla, Ciruela
Pt. Mem. Fis. 18: 399. 1820.
campechana, Ciruela colorada, Ciruela común, Ciruela roja,
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Ciruella loca (Cuba), Ciruela sanjuanera, Ciruella morada, Jobo,
Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St. John), and Margarita; native to
Jobo negro (Dominican Republic), Abricotier bâtard, Ciroelle,
South America.
Cirouellier, Ciroyer d’amerique (Haiti), Jamaican plum (Jamaica),
Common Names: Brazilian pepper tree, Christmas-berry tree
Chili plum, Mombin rouge, Prune à te ter, Prune d’espagne, Prune
(Bahamas), Copal, Racimos de rubíes (Cuba), Pimienta del Brasil
du Chili, Prune jaune, Prune rouge, Red plum, Spanish plum
(Puerto Rico).
number 9 8 • 31
(Lesser Antilles), Ciruela, Ciruela del país, Jobillo, Jobo francés Annona cubensis R.E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 21A(9): 12. 1927.
(Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, Common Name: Anón cimarrón (Cuba).
151, 224, 301, 323, 383. References: 3, 132.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Annona dolabripetala sensu Bello = Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill.
Spondias x robe Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 21. 1929. Annona domingensis R.E. Fries, Acta Horti Berg. 10: 308. 1931.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Common Names: Robe (Dominican Republic), Mombin espagnole Reference: 7.
(Haiti).
References: 5, 7, 123. Annona dumetorum R.E. Fries, Acta Horti Berg. 10: 308. 1931.
Terebinthus brownei Jacq. = Metopium brownei (Jacq.) Urb. Common Name: Anón de perro (Dominican Republic).
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 153. 1891; References: 7, 123.
Rhus radicans L., Sp. Pl. 266. 1753. Annona ekmanii R.E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 21A(9): 16. 1927.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, North America, and Mexico. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Name: Poison ivy. References: 3, 39, 152.
References: 45, 151. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Annonaceae Annona elliptica R.E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 21A(9): 13. 1927.
Genera. Total: 8; native: 7; endemic: 0. References: 3, 39, 152.
Taxa. Total: 51; native: 46; endemic: 41. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Anaxagorea acuminata sensu Bello = Oxandra laurifolia (Sw.) A. Rich. Annona frutescens R.E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 21A(9): 23. 1927.
Annona bicolor Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 223. 1912. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). References: 5, 7.
Common Name: Guanabanita (Dominican Republic). Annona glabra L., Sp. Pl. 537. 1753.
References: 5, 7, 30, 132. Annona palustris L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 757. 1762.
Annona bullata A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
31. 1845. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser
References: 3, 352. Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Barbuda, Dominica,
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique,
Annona cascarilloides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 2. 1866.
Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Curaçao, Margarita,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Hispaniola.
Common Names: Pond-apple (Bahamas), Bagá, Palo bobo de cuba
Common Names: Anoncillo, Anoncillo de sabana, Anoncillo de
(Cuba), Anón de río, Bagá, Guanábana cimarrona, Guanábana
paredón, Cuabilla, Mamoncillo (Cuba).
de corcho, Guanábana de perro, Guanábano, Mamón de perro
(Dominican Republic), Coeur de boeuf, Corossol marrón, Liege,
Annona cherimola Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Mammier, Marrón (Haiti), Pond apple (Jamaica), Bois flot,
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Cachiman conchon, Cajuca, Dog apple, Gut apple, Monkey apple,
and Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia); native to South Mamain, Pond apple (Lesser Antilles), Bunya, Cayur, Cayure,
America. Corazón cimarrón, Corcho, Coyur (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Chirimoya (Cuba), Cherimoya, Chermoya, References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 151,
Chirimolia, Chirimoya (Dominican Republic), Cachimán, 301, 323, 340.
Cachiman de la china, Cachimán de la chine, Cachiman la chine
Annona gracilis R.E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 21A(9): 24. 1927.
(Haiti), Cherimoya (Jamaica), Cherimoya, Chirimoya (Puerto
Rico).
References: 5, 7.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 123, 131, 132.
Annona haitiensis R.E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 21A(9): 17. 1927, subsp.
Annona crassivenia Saff., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 50. 1914.
haitiensis
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Common Names: Anón de cuabal, Anoncillo de sabana (Cuba).
References: 5, 7.
Annona haitiensis R.E. Fries subsp. appendiculata R.E. Fries, Acta
Annona cristalensis (Alain) Borhidi & Moncada, Acta Agron. Acad.
Horti Berg. 10: 304. 1931.
Sci. Hung. 27: 428. 1978; Xylopia cristalensis Alain, Candollea
17: 108. 1960.
Reference: 7.
References: 39, 149, 427. Annona havanensis R.E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 21A(9): 15. 1927.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Common Name: Anón silvestre (Cuba).
Species. References: 3, 39, 132.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Annona reticulata L., Sp. Pl. 537. 1753.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Annona jamaicensis Sprague, Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, 5: 701. 1906.
Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica,
Reference: 2.
Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, and Trinidad;
Annona micrantha Bertero ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 640. 1825. native to Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Common Names: Custard-apple (Bahamas), Chirimoya, Mamón
Common Names: Anón de perro, Guanabanita (Dominican Republic). (Cuba), Corazón, Mamón, Mamón de perro (Dominican
References: 5, 7, 123. Republic), Cachimán, Cachimán coeur de boeuf, Coeur de feuf
Annona moaensis León & Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 3: 120. 1946. (Haiti), Custard apple (Jamaica), Bullock’s heart, Cachiman,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cachiman blanc, Coeur de boeuf, Cachiman rouge, Custard apple
References: 3, 39, 152. (Lesser Antilles), Corazón (Puerto Rico), Custard apple (Virgin
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Islands).
Cuba (39). References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 224, 301,
323, 340.
Annona montana Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 7. 1837. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Annona rosei Saff., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 56. 1914.
Martinique, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Trinidad, Central America, and South America. Common Name: Cachimán zombi (Haiti).
Common Names: Corossol zombi, Guanábana, Guanábana cimarrona, References: 5, 7, 123.
Guanábana de corcho, Guanábana de perro, Guanávana Annona salicifolia Ekman & R.E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 22B (2): 2. 1929.
(Dominican Republic), Mountain sour sop (Jamaica), Cachiman- Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
montagne, Mountain soursop, Wild soursop (Lesser Antilles), Reference: 7.
Guanábana cimarrona (Puerto Rico).
Annona sclerophylla Saff., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 50: 52. 1914.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 224, 301, 340.
Annona sulcata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 17. 1922.
Annona mucosa Jacq. = Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill. References: 3, 152.
Annona muricata L., Sp. Pl. 536. 1753. Annona squamosa L., Sp. Pl. 537. 1753.
Annona muricata L. var. borinquensis Morales, Flor. Arb. Cub. 60. 1887. Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba,
Annona muricata L. f. mirabilis R.E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 21A(9): 11. 1927, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van
Type: Duss 3993 (NY). Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda),
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba,
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
Barbados, Barbuda, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita; Tobago, and Trinidad; native
Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. to Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Trinidad, and Common Names: Sugar-apple (Bahamas), Anón, Anón sin semilla,
Margarita; native to Mexico, Central America, and South Hanón (Cuba), Anón, Cachimán, Cachiman canelle Cachiment
America. canelle, Candongo (Dominican Republic), Cachimán canelle,
Common Names: Corossol, Guanábana, Guanávana, Guanavena Candón, Pomme de canelle, Pommier de canelle (Haiti), Sugar
(Dominican Republic), Corossolier (Haiti), Sour sop (Jamaica), apple, Sweet sop (Jamaica), Custard apple, Pomme-canelle,
Corosolier, Corosolir, Corossol, Guanábana, Soursop (Lesser Sugar apple, Sweet sop (Lesser Antilles), Anón (Puerto Rico),
Antilles), Guanábana (Puerto Rico), Soursop (Virgin Islands). Sugar apple, Sweet sop (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 151, 224, References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 150, 224,
301, 323, 340. 301, 323, 340.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Annona nipensis Alain, Candollea 17: 114. 1960. Annona sulcata Urb. = Annona sclerophylla Saff.
Annona urbaniana R.E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 21A(9): 22. 1927.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Common Names: Mamón de perro (Dominican Republic), Cachimán
Cuba (39).
marrón, Marguerite (Haiti).
Annona oblongifolia R.E. Fr., Ark. Bot. 21A(9): 20. 1927. References: 5, 7, 123.
Asimina blainii Griseb. = Guatteria blainii (Griseb.) Urb.
References: 3, 149.
Asimina neglecta Griseb. = Guatteria neglecta (Griseb.) P. Wilson
Annona palustris L. = Annona glabra L.
Asimina rhombifolia Griseb. = Desmopsis neglecta (A. Rich.) R.E. Fries
Annona praetermissa Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 52: 74. 1914.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Cananga blainii (Griseb.) Britton = Guatteria blainii (Griseb.) Urb.
Common Name: Wild sour sop (Jamaica). Cananga caribaea (Urb.) Britton = Guatteria caribaea Urb.
References: 2, 427.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind. 1: 130. 1855;
Species. Uvaria odorata Lam., Encycl. 1: 595. 1785; Canangium odoratum
number 9 8 • 33
(Lam.) Baill. ex King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 61(2): Uvaria virgata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2(2): 999. 1800.
41. 1893. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.
tropical Asia, Malesia, and Australia. Common Names: Yaya blanca, Yaya común, Yaya del monte, Yaya
Common Names: Ilang-Ilang, Ylang-Ylang (Dominican Republic), hembra, Yaya lisa, Yaya mansa, Yaya prieta, Yaya (Cuba), Yaya,
Alingilang, Ilang-ilang, Ilánilán, Ylang-ylang (Puerto Rico). Yaya boba, Yaya fina, Yaya pesada (Dominican Republic), Bois
References: 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 151, 159, 383. de lance, Bois de lance frac, Bois d’lance (Haiti), Black lancewood
(Jamaica), Haya prieta, Yaya (Puerto Rico).
Canangium odoratum (Lam.) Baill. ex King = Cananga odorata (Lam.)
References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61 123, 131, 132, 151, 152, 340.
Hook. f. & Thoms.
Oxandra laurifolia (Sw.) A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba,
Desmopsis neglecta (A. Rich.) R.E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 21A(9): 3. 1927;
Pl. Vasc. 49. 1845; Uvaria laurifolia Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2(2):
Uvaria neglecta A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
1001. 1800.
Vasc. 44. 1845.
Anaxagorea acuminata sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10:
Asimina rhombifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 3. 1866.
234. 1881, non St.-Hil.
Xylopia acuminata sensu DC., Prodr. 1: 93. 1824, non Dunal.
Guatteria berteroana Spreng. = Drypetes alba Poit. (Putranjivaceae) Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), and Lesser
Guatteria blainii (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 239. 1905; Asimina Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Nevis, St. Kitts).
blainii Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 3. 1866; Cananga blainii (Griseb.) Common Names: Purio (Cuba), Yaya, Yaya blanca (Dominican
Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Republic), Bois de lance bâtard, Yaya boba (Haiti), Bois de l’an,
Islands 5: 311. 1924. Okra (Lesser Antilles), Haya, Haya mala, Yaya (Puerto Rico).
Maba inconstans sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 290. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132.
1881, non Griseb. Oxandra laurifolia sensu Bello = Oxandra lanceolata (Sw.) Baill.
Oxandra virgata (Dunal) A. Rich. = Oxandra lanceolata (Sw.) Baill.
Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (Tortola).
Common Names: Ceda, Purio fangar, Puriano, Purio prieto, Purio, Yaya Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill., Adansonia 8: 268. 1868; Annona
(Cuba), Yaya, Yaya francesa, Yaya prieta (Dominican Republic), mucosa Jacq., Observ. Bot. 1: 16. 1764.
Bois noir (Haiti), Haya minga, Negra lora (Puerto Rico). Annona dolabripetala sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 234.
References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 151, 352. 1881, non Raddi.
Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill. subsp. portoricensis R.E. Fries, Acta
Guatteria caribaea Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 240. 1905; Cananga caribaea
Horti Berg. 12: 124. 1934.
(Urb.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
Rollinia sieberi A. DC., Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 5: 200. 1832.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico, Virgin
(Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Trinidad,
Islands (St. Thomas), and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia).
Common Names: Aguacatillo, Anón, Candongo (Dominican Republic),
Common Names: Bois de l’anglais, Bois violin, Corossol marron,
Candón (Haiti), Cachiman crème, Cachiman montagne, Cachiman
Corossol montagne, Mahot anglais, Mahot cachon Petit cachiman
morveux, Cachina chen boeuf, Cashiman bois (Lesser Antilles),
des bois, Ti cachiman-bois (Lesser Antilles), Haya blanca, Yaya
Anón cimarrón (Puerto Rico).
(Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 151, 152, 156, 301, 340.
References: 1, 6, 30, 58, 61, 131, 151, 152.
Rollinia sieberi A. DC. = Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill.
Guatteria cubensis Bisse, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 2: 3. 1975.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Trigynaea antillana Rolfe = Unonopsis quatterioides A. DC.
Reference: 149. Unonopsis antillana (Rolfe) R.E. Fries = Unonopsis quatterioides A. DC.
Guatteria moralesii (M. Gómez) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4. 240. 1905; Unonopsis guatterioides (A.DC.) R.E. Fries, Acta Horti Berg. 12: 241.
Uvaria moralesii M. Gómez, Fl. Cuba 30. 1887. 1937; Uvaria guatterioides A. DC., Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 5:
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 202. 1832.
References: 3, 30. Trigynaea antillana Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1893: 235. 1893;
Guatteria neglecta (Griseb.) P. Wilson, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Unonopsis antillana (Rolfe) R.E. Fries, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.
Colegio “De La Salle” 10: 178. 1951; Asimina neglecta Griseb., Acad. Handl. 34(5): 28. 1900.
Cat. Pl. Cub. 3. 1866. Unonopsis umbilicata sensu Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles 4: 241. 1988,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. non (Dunal) R.E. Fries
Common Names: Pimienta malagueta, Purio fangar, Purio prieto, Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada) and South America.
Yarará (Cuba). References: 1, 151, 152, 163.
References: 3, 132. Uvaria guatterioides A. DC. = Unonopsis guatterioides (A.DC.) R.E.
Habzelia cubensis DC. ex Steud. = Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. Fries
Habzelia obtusifolia A. DC. = Xylopia obtusifolia (A. DC.) A. Rich. Uvaria lanceolata Sw. = Oxandra lanceolata (Sw.) Baill.
Oxandra lanceolata (Sw.) Baill., Adansonia 8: 168. 1868; Uvaria Uvaria laurifolia Sw. = Oxandra laurifolia (Sw.) A. Rich.
lanceolata Sw., Prodr. 87. 1788. Uvaria moralesii M. Gómez = Guatteria moralesii (M. Gómez) Urb.
Oxandra laurifolia sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 234.
1881, non A. Rich. Uvaria neglecta A. Rich. = Desmopsis neglecta (A. Rich.) R.E. Fries
Oxandra virgata (Dunal) A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Uvaria virgata Sw. = Oxandra lanceolata (Sw.) Baill.
Pl. Vasc. 47. 1845.
Xylopia acuminata sensu DC. = Oxandra laurifolia (Sw.) A. Rich. Common Names: Perla (Dominican Republic).
References: 3, 7, 45, 150, 159, 224.
Xylopia acunae Borhidi & E. Del-Risco, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 76. 1992.
Reference: 149. Anethum graveolens L., Sp. Pl. 263. 1753.
Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart., Fl. Bras. 13(1): 43. 1841; Uvaria
aromatica Lam., Encycl. 1: 596. 1783.
Tortola), and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Barbados, Dominica,
Xylopia cubensis (A. DC. ex Steud.) A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Vincent); widely
Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 36. 1845; Habzelia cubensis A. DC. ex
cultivated; origin uncertain.
Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 717. 1840.
Common Names: Dill (Bahamas), Anís alemán, Eneldo (Cuba), Hinojo,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, and South America.
Inojo (Dominican Republic), Dill (Jamaica), Anise, Aniseed,
References: 3, 151, 152, 301.
Dillweed, Fenouil bâtard, Lami dill (Lesser Antilles), Hinojo
Xylopia cristalensis Alain = Annona cristalensis (Alain) Borhidi & (Puerto Rico).
Moncada References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 45, 58, 61, 131, 132, 224, 252.
Xylopia cubensis A. Rich. = Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Xylopia ekmanii R.E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 21A(9): 7. 1927. Apium ammi (Jacq.) Urb. = Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.)
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Sprague ex Britton & P. Wilson
References: 3, 39, 427. Apium crispum Mill. = Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Hill
Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Apium graveolens L., Sp. Pl. 264. 1753.
Species.
Xylopia frutescens Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 602. 1775. to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and South America. Common Names: Apio (Cuba), Apio, Rábano (Dominican Republic),
Reference: 3. Céleri, Céleri des jardins, Céleri marron (Haiti), Apio, Celery
Xylopia hastarum M.L. Green, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 255. 1926. (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. References: 5, 7, 123, 131, 132, 150, 159.
Common Name: White lancewood (Jamaica). Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell. ex Benth. = Cyclospermum
References: 2, 427. leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P. Wilson
Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Apium petroselinum L. = Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W.
Species.
Hill
Xylopia jamaicensis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 6. 1859.
Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr., Trans. Agric. Soc. Jamaica 1825: 5.
1825.
References: 2, 152.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto
Xylopia muricata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1250. 1759. Rico. Probably native to South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Common Names: Afió (Cuba), Afio, Apio, Arracacha, Arracacia,
Common Name: Lancewood (Jamaica). Paneme (Dominican Republic), Apio, Apio tuberoso, Arracacha
Reference: 2. (Puerto Rico).
Xylopia obtusifolia (A. DC.) A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. References: 2, 5, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132.
Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 39. 1845; Habzelia obtusifolia A. DC., Mém. Soc. *Asciadium coronopifolium Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 118. 1866.
Phys. Genéve 5: 218. 1832. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 3, 39.
Common Names: Carey, Cirio, Guabico de costa, Guavico, Laurel Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
pico de gallo, Malagueta, Malagueta blanca, Malagueta colorada, Cuba (39).
Vigueta (Cuba).
Caucalis japonica Houtt. = Hydrocotyle hirsuta Sw. var. hirsuta
References: 3, 132.
(Araliaceae)
Xylopia roigii P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 65. 1920.
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 11(1): 287.
1879; Hydrocotyle asiatica L., Sp. Pl. 234. 1753.
Common Name: Yararey (Cuba).
Centella erecta (L. f.) Fernald, Rhodora 42: 295. 1940.
References: 3, 156.
Hydrocotyle repanda Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 302. 1805.
Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique),
Apiaceae
Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South
America; exotic in Jamaica.
Common Names: Ovate-leaved marsh pennywort (Bahamas), Oreja de
ratón (Cuba), Yerba de clavo (Puerto Rico).
Ammi capillaceum Michx. = Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 132, 301.
ex Ser. Centella erecta (L. f.) Fernald = Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.
Ammi majus L., Sp. Pl. 243. 1753. Conium maculatum L., Sp. Pl. 243. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola; native to Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands and Hispaniola; native to
Europe, Africa, and Asia. Europe, Africa, and Asia.
number 9 8 • 35
Common Names: Cicuta, Cigüe, Cigüe offinale (Dominican Republic), Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Grande cigúe (Haiti). Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), and Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
References: 4, 5, 7, 159, 123. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Vincent).
Common Names: Fennel (Bahamas), Anís de florencia, Hinojo, Hinojo
Coriandrum sativum L., Sp. Pl. 256. 1753.
de Florencia (Cuba), Anís, Comino, Hinojo (Dominican Republic),
Anís vert, L’anis, La nuit, L’buit (Haiti), Fennel (Jamaica), Anis,
to Europe and Asia.
Fennel (Lesser Antilles), Eneldo, Esmeldo (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Cilantro, Anisillo, Culantro, Culantro de castilla,
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150, 151, 224, 231,
Culantro de España (Cuba), Cilantrico, Cilantro, Culantrico,
252.
Culantro, Silantrico (Dominican Republic), Coriander, Culantro
(Puerto Rico).
References: 3, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150, 224, 252. Heracleum sphondylium L., Sp. Pl. 249. 1753.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
References: 7, 159.
Crantzia lineata (Michx.) Nutt. = Hydrocotyle lineata Michx.
(Araliaceae) Lilaeopsis schaffneriana (Schltdl.) J.M. Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 24:
48. 1897; Crantzia schaffneriana Schltdl., Linnaea 26: 370. 1854.
Crantzia schaffneriana Schltdl. = Lilaeopsis schaffneriana (Schltdl.)
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, and South America.
J.M. Coult. & Rose
References: 3, 7.
Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P. Wilson,
Oenanthe filiformis Walter = Oxypolis filiformis (Walter) Britton
Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 52. 1925; Pimpinella
leptophylla Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 324. 1805; Apium leptophyllum Oxypolis bakeri (H. Wolff ex Urban) Britton & P. Wilson ex Britton =
(Pers.) F. Muell. ex Benth., Fl. Austral. 3: 372. 1867 [“1866”]. Oxypolis filiformis (Walter) Britton
Apium ammi (Jacq.) Urb. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 11(1): 341. Oxypolis filiformis (Walter) Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 239.
1879. 1894; Oenanthe filiformis Walter, Fl. Carol. 113. 1788.
Pimpinella domingensis Spreng. in Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 6: 411. Oxypolis bakeri (H. Wolff) Britton & P. Wilson ex Britton in L.J.K.
1820. Brace, Torreya 29: 16. 1929; Tiedemannia bakeri H. Wolff in I.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 452. 1908.
Islands (St. John), and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and North America.
Martinique); native to South America. Common Name: Water dropwort (Bahamas).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 151, 224. References: 3, 45, 150.
Pastinaca sativa L., Sp. Pl. 262. 1753.
Daucus carota L., Sp. Pl. 242. 1753. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica; native to
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Europe and Asia.
and Virgin Islands. Common Names: Chirivia (Cuba), Céleri marron, Persil marrón (Haiti),
Common Names: Carota, Encaje, Zanahoria (Cuba), Zanahoria Wild parsnip (Jamaica).
(Dominican Republic), Carotte (Haiti), Wild carrot (Jamaica), References: 2, 5, 123, 132.
Zanahoria (Puerto Rico), Carrot (Virgin Islands).
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132. *Pedinopetalum domingense Urb. & H. Wolff, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 43.
1929.
Eryngium foetidum L., Sp. Pl. 232. 1753. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, References: 5, 7.
Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill, Consp. Fl. Eur. 309.
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, 1882; Apium crispum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Apium petroselinum L., Sp. Pl. 264. 1753.
Common Names: Cilantro de cartagena, Culantro cimarrón, Culantro Petroselinum sativum Hoffm., Gen. Pl. Umbell. 177. 1814.
de cartagena, Culantro del país, Culantro sabanero, Yerba de sapo, Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands;
Yerba del sapo (Cuba), Cilantrico, Cilantro, Cilantro sabanero, widely cultivated; origin uncertain.
Culantrico, Culantro, Sabanero (Dominican Republic), Chardon Common Names: Perejil (Dominican Republic), Persil, Persil vert
étoilé puant, Coulante, Coulantre, Panicaut fétide (Haiti), Fit (Haiti), Perejil (Puerto Rico), Parsley (Virgin Islands).
weed, Spirit weed (Jamaica), Blessed thistle, Celantro, Chadon References: 5, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 150, 151.
benni, Chardor béni, Culantro, Herbe à fler, Herbe puante (Lesser Petroselinum sativum Hoffm. = Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex
Antilles), Culantro, Culantro del monte (Puerto Rico). A.W. Hill
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 150, 301, 340.
Pimpinella anisum L., Sp. Pl. 264. 1753.
Eryngium nasturtiifolium Juss. ex F. Delaroche, Eryng. Alep. Hist. 46. Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (Tortola); widely cultivated, origin
1808. uncertain.
Reference: 3.
Pimpinella domingensis Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. = Cyclospermum
Foeniculum foeniculum (L.) H. Karst. = Foeniculum vulgare Mill. leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P. Wilson
Foeniculum officinale All. = Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Pimpinella leptophylla Pers. = Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.)
Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Sprague ex Britton & P. Wilson
Foeniculum foeniculum (L.) H. Karst., Deut. Fl. 837. 1882. Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. ex Ser., Bull. Bot. (Geneva) 1:
Foeniculum officinale All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 25. 1785. 217. 1830; Ammi capillaceus Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 164. 1803;
Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf., Amer. Monthly Mag. & Allotoonia agglutinata (Jacq.) J.F. Morales & J.K. Williams, Sida 21:
Crit. Rev. 4: 192. 1819, nom. invalid. 135. 2004; Echites agglutinatus Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 13. 1760;
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and North Prestonia agglutinata (Jacq.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
America. 18: 552. 1931.
References: 3, 7, 58, 151. Echites circinalis Sw., Prodr. 52. 1788.
Echites umbellatus sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 292.
Spananthe paniculata Jacq., Collectanea 3: 247. 1791 [“1789”].
1881, non Jacq.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America,
Echites umbellatus sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 79. 1888,
and South America.
non Jacq.
Tiedemannia bakeri H. Wolff ex Urban = Oxypolis filiformis (Walter) Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St.
Britton John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda).
Torilis anthriscus (L.) Gaertn. = Hydrocotyle hirsuta Sw. var. hirsuta References: 3, 7, 19, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 147, 230, 340.
(Araliaceae) Amphistelma ephedroides Griseb. = Metastelma leptocladum (Decne.)
Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC., Prodr. 4: 219. 1830. Schltr.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola. Amphistelma filiforme Griseb. = Metastelma linearifolium A. Rich.
Reference: 7.
Amphistelma graminifolium Griseb. = Metastelma bonplandianum
(Schult.) Schltr.
Apocynaceae Amphistelma leptocladon (Decne.) Griseb. = Metastelma leptocladum
by A. Krings (Asclepidoideae) & M. Endress (Apocynoideae) (Decne.) Schltr.
Amphistelma linearifolium (A. Rich.) Griseb. = Metastelma
Genera. Total: 48; native: 30; endemic: 3. linearifolium A. Rich.
Amphistelma salinarum C. Wright ex Griseb. = Seutera angustifolia
Acrocoryne caribaea Turcz. = Metastelma bahamense Griseb. (Pers.) Fishbein & W.D. Stevens
Adenium coetaneum Stapf = Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Anabata odorata sensu Spreng. = Tabernaemontana oppositifolia
Schult. (Spreng.) Urb.
Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 411. 1819. Anechites asperuginis (Sw.) Griseb. = Anechites nerium (Aubl.) Urb.
Adenium coetaneum Stapf in D. Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(1): 277. 1902. Anechites lappulaceus (Lam.) Miers = Anechites nerium (Aubl.) Urb.
Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Croix); native to Africa and
Asia. Anechites nerium (Aubl.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 150.
References: 159, 230. 1919; Apocynum nerium Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 277. 1775.
Anechites asperuginis (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 410. 1861; Echites
Allamanda blanchetii A. DC., Prodr. 8: 319. 1844. asperuginis Sw., Prodr. 52. 1788.
Allamanda violacea Gardner & Fielding, Sert. Pl. t. 41. 1844. Anechites lappulaceus (Lam.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 237. 1878.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico and Lesser Antilles (Saba); Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
native to Brazil. Central America, and South America.
Common Name: Purple allamanda (Lesser Antilles). References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 32, 36, 58, 61, 75, 147.
References: 1, 32, 58, 147, 159.
Angadenia berteroi (A. DC.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 180. 1878;
Allamanda cathartica L., Mant. Pl. 2: 214. 1771. Echites berteroi A. DC., Prodr. 8: 447. 1844; Rhabdadenia
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, berteroi (A. DC.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 30. 435. 1860.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Angadenia cubensis (Müll. Arg.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 182. 1878;
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Rhabdadenia cubensis Müll. Arg., Linnaea 30: 435. 1860 Echites
Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, cubensis (Müll. Arg.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 172. 1866.
St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, and Angadenia havanensis Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 181. 1878.
Margarita; naturalized in Puerto Rico; native to South America. Angadenia moensis Lippold, Feddes Repert. 85: 608. 1974.
Common Names: Alamanda, Barbera, Barbero, Barbero loco, Cinco Angadenia sagrae (A. DC.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 181. 1878; Echites
llagas, Collazo, Flor de barbero, Jazmín de la tierra, Mala suegra sagrae A. DC., Prodr. 8: 450. 1844; Rhabdadenia sagrae (A. DC.)
(Cuba), Copa de mantequilla, Mantequilla (Dominican Republic), Müll. Arg., Linnaea 30: 450. 1860.
Yellow allamanda (Jamaica), Allamanda, Liane à lait (Lesser Echites ferrugineus A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Antilles), Alamanda, Allamanda, Canario, Cautiva (Puerto Rico). 92. 1850.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 32, 58, 75, 123, 131, 132, 147, 149, 150, Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and United States
224, 252, 301, 323, 340. (FL).
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Common Name: Tumba gente (Dominican Republic).
Allamanda neriifolia Hook. = Allamanda schottii Pohl References: 3, 5, 7, 45, 123, 147, 150, 152.
Allamanda schottii Pohl, Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 73. 1827. Angadenia cubensis (Müll. Arg.) Miers = Angadenia berteroi (A. DC.)
Allamanda neriifolia Hook., Bot. Mag. 77: t. 4594. 1851. Miers
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to South America. Angadenia havanensis Miers = Angadenia berteroi (A. DC.) Miers
Angadenia jamaicensis (Griseb.) Lippold = Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F.
Allamanda violacea Gardner & Fielding = Allamanda blanchetii Hansen & Wunderlin
A. DC.
number 9 8 • 37
Angadenia lindeniana (Müll. Arg.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 180. Asclepias nivea L. var. intermedia Schltdl. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1:
1878; Rhabdadenia lindeniana Müll. Arg., Linnaea 30: 437. 1860; 244. 1899.
Echites lindenianus (Müll. Arg.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 173. 1866. Asclepias curassavica x nivea Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 388. 1899.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
and Jamaica. Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.
References: 2, 3, 7, 124, 147. References: 2, 3, 5, 30.
Angadenia moensis Lippold = Angadenia berteroi (A. DC.) Miers Asclepias nivea L. var. normalis Kuntze = Asclepias nivea L. var. nivea
Angadenia sagrae (A. DC.) Miers = Anechites nerium (Aubl.) Urb. Asclepias physocarpa (E. Mey.) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 8. 1896;
Gomphocarpus physocarpus E. Mey., Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 202.
Apocynum nerium Aubl. = Anechites nerium (Aubl.) Urb.
1838.
Aptotheca corylifolia (Griseb.) Miers = Forsteronia spicata G. Mey. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles
Arduina grandiflora E. Mey. = Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC. (Désirade, Dominica, Guadeloupe); native to Africa.
References: 1, 2, 58, 159, 224, 252.
Asclepias clausa Jacq. = Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schltr. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Asclepias cubensis Wender., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 1: 830. 1843. Asclepias procera Aiton = Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton
References: 3, 152. Asclepias viminalis Sw. = Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schltr.
Asclepias curassavica L., Sp. Pl. 215. 1753; Asclepias nivea L. var. *Asketanthera calycosa (A. Rich.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
curassavica (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 418. 1891. 19: 47. 1932; Echites calycosa A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis.
Asclepias curassavica L. var. concolor Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Cuba, Bot. 11: 94. 1850.
Antill. 1: 389. 1899. Echites rugelianus Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 465. 1908.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, References: 3, 147, 351.
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, *Asketanthera dolichopetala (Urb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot.
Barbados, Dominica, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Gard. 19: 47. 1932; Echites dolichopetalus Urb., Symb. Antill. 7:
Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, 335. 1912.
Trinidad, Margarita, Central America, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Common Names: Hippo, Wild ipecac (Bahamas), Contraveneno, Cura, References: 5, 7, 30, 147.
Flor de la calentura, Flor de la calentura encarnada, Galán, mata y
Asketanthera ekmaniana Woodson = Asketanthera longiflora Woodson
vuelve loco, Revienta caballos (Cuba), Algodón de seda, Brujidera,
Ipecacua, Mal casada, Mata caballo, Mata cavaille (Dominican *Asketanthera longiflora Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19: 47.
Republic), Bouvin, Herbe madame, Herbe Madame Bouvin, Ipeca 1932; Echites longiflora Ekman & Helwig, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 45.
d’Haiti, Ipecacuana batard, Z’herbe Madame Bouvin (Haiti), 1929, nom. illeg.
Redhead, Red top (Jamaica), Bastard ipacacuana, Blood flower, Asketanthera ekmaniana Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 23: 267.
Bouton dou, Johanna, Milkweed, Quadrille, Red head, Zébe- 1936 [as a new name].
man-boivin (Lesser Antilles), Algodoncillo, Platanillo, Platanillo Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
matizado, Yerba de mariposas (Puerto Rico). References: 7, 147, 149.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 151, *Asketanthera obtusifolia Alain, Phytologia 25: 271. 1973.
301, 323, 340. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Asclepias curassavica L. var. concolor Krug & Urb. = Asclepias References: 7, 152.
curassavica L *Asketanthera picardae (Urb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19:
Asclepias curassavica x nivea Urb. = Asclepias nivea L. var. intermedia 47. 1932; Echites picardae Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 466. 1908.
Schltdl. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Common Name: Platanito (Dominican Republic).
Asclepias gigantea sensu Sandm. = Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton
References: 5, 7, 30, 147.
Asclepias macrophylla Humb. & Bonpl. = Marsdenia macrophylla
Aspidosperma cuspa (Kunth) S.F. Blake ex Pittier, Bull. Torrey Bot.
(Humb. & Bonpl.) E. Fourn.
Club 53: 604. 1926; Conoria cuspa Kunth in F.W.H.A. von
Asclepias maritima Jacq. = Matelea maritima (Jacq.) Woodson Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto
Asclepias nivea L. var. curassavica (L.) Kuntze = Asclepias curassavica L. ed.) 7: 242. 1825.
Aspidosperma domingense Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 460. 1908.
Asclepias nivea L. var. flava Kuntze = Asclepias nivea L. var. nivea Aspidosperma sessiliflorum Müll. Arg., Linnaea 30: 399. 1860.
Asclepias nivea L., Sp. Pl. 215. 1753, var. nivea Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Trinidad, Margarita, and South
Asclepias nivea L. var. flava Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 418. 1891. America.
Asclepias nivea L. var. normalis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 418. 1891. Common Names: Bois amer blanc, Madame Jean (Haiti).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Mexico; References: 5, 7, 30, 147, 301, 309, 323.
exotic in Jamaica. Aspidosperma domingense Urb. = Aspidosperma cuspa (Kunth) S.F.
Common Names: Blanca, Flor de la calentura Cura, mata y vuelve loco Blake ex Pittier
(Cuba), Algodoncillo, Algodón de seda, Lavarropa, Malcasada,
Pumador, Yerba regalana (Dominican Republic), Brujider (Haiti), Aspidosperma sessiliflorum Müll. Arg. = Aspidosperma cuspa (Kunth)
Whitehead (Jamaica), Algodoncillo blanco, Platanillo, Platanillo S.F. Blake ex Pittier
blanco (Puerto Rico). Astephanus cubensis Kunth = Metastelma pubipetalum (Alain) S. Liede
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 151, 340.
Astephanus cubensis Kunth var. pauciflorus Griseb. = Metastelma Cameraria linearifolia Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 39. 1926.
pauciflorum (Griseb.) Schltr. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Astephanus fusculus (C. Wright) Schltr. = Metastelma fusculum
C. Wright Cameraria microphylla Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 6. 1912.
Astephanus grisebachii M. Gómez = Metastelma decipiens Schltr.
Astephanus leptophyllus Schltr. = Metastelma leptophyllum (Schltr.) Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Alain Species.
Astephanus ovalifolius A. Rich. = Metastelma ovalifolium (A. Rich.) Cameraria oblongifolia Britton = Cameraria retusa Griseb.
Liede
Cameraria obovalis Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey”
Astephanus schlechterianus Urb. = Metastelma alainii Acev.-Rodr. 22: 117. 1955.
Astephanus urceolatus Griseb. = Metastelma ovalifolium (A. Rich.) Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Liede References: 3, 14, 147.
Beaumontia grandiflora Wall., Tent. Fl. Napal. 15. 1824 [“1825”]. Cameraria orientensis Bisse, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 2: 17. 1975.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to southeast Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Asia. Reference: 147.
Common Name: Trompeta (Puerto Rico). Cameraria ovalis Urb. = Cameraria latifolia L.
References: 5, 131, 147, 151.
Cameraria retusa Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 410. 1861.
Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 2: 78. Cameraria oblongifolia Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 6. 1912.
1811. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Margarita; native to Asia and Common Names: Maboa de sabana, Maboa prieta (Cuba).
Malesia. References: 3, 132, 134, 147.
Carissa grandiflora (E. Mey.) A. DC. = Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.)
Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 2: 78. 1811; A. DC.
Asclepias procera Aiton, Hortus Kew. 1: 305. 1789.
Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC., Prodr. 8: 336. 1844.
Asclepias gigantea sensu Sandm. in J. Macfadyen, Fl. Jamaica 377.
Arduina grandiflora E. Mey., Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 190. 1838; Carissa
1837, non L.
grandiflora (E. Mey.) A. DC., Prodr. 8: 335. 1844.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Virgin
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Jost van Dyke, St. Croix,
Islands (St. Croix); native to Africa.
St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
Common Names: Ciruela de Natal, Natal plum, Perunquilla (Puerto
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Désirade, Grenadines,
Rico).
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy,
References: 2, 45, 58, 61, 131, 147, 150, 230.
St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and
Margarita; native to Africa and Asia. Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold, Feddes Repert. 91: 52. 1980; Cerbera
Common Names: Giant milkweed, St. Thomas bush, Wild cotton, thevetia L., Sp. Pl. 209. 1753; Thevetia thevetia (L.) H. Karst.,
Wild down (Bahamas), Algodón americano, Algodón de judea, Deut. Fl. 1035. 1883.
Algodón de seda, Árbol de la seda, Cazuela, Estrella de Holanda, Thevetia neriifolia Juss. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 680. 1841.
Estrella del norte (Cuba), Algodón de seda, Algodón extranjero, Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E.
Malcascada (Dominican Republic), Arbre soie, Coton soie (Haiti), Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 159. 1895; Cerbera peruviana
Auricula tree, Dumb cotton, French cotton (Jamaica), Arbre de Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 267. 1805.
soie, Bois canon, Coton-france, French cotton, French jasmine Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba,
(Lesser Antilles), Algodón de seda, Bomba, Mudar, Tula (Puerto Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix,
Rico). St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 224, (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
301, 340, 383. Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Tobago, Trinidad, and Margarita; native to Mexico.
Common Names: Cathartic-bark, French trumpet-flower, Luck-seed,
Cameraria angustifolia L., Sp. Pl. 210. 1753.
Lucky-nut (Bahamas), Cabalonga, Cobalonga, Codo de fraile,
Mata perro (Cuba), Ahouai des Antilles, Cabalonga, Flor del Perú,
Retama, Serpent (Dominican Republic), Bois saisisement, Solives,
Cameraria havanensis (Müll. Arg.) Benth. & Hook. f. = Cameraria Feuilles saisier, Feuilles saisies, Feuilles saisissement (Haiti), Lucky
latifolia L. nuts, Lucky seeds, Milk bush (Jamaica), Bois-lait, Lucky nut
Cameraria latifolia L., Sp. Pl. 210. 1753. (Lesser Antilles), Caballón, Cabalonga (Puerto Rico).
Cameraria havanensis (Müll. Arg.) Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 705. References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 40, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150,
1876. 159, 224, 301, 323, 383.
Cameraria ovalis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 219. 1925. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Central Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 95. 1837-1838; Vinca
America. rosea L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 944. 1759; Lochnera rosea (L.) Rchb.
Common Names: Maboa, Maboa blanca (Cuba), Palo de leche ex Endl., Gen. Pl. 583. 1838.
(Dominican Republic), Haitier, Laitier (Haiti), Bastard manchineel Distribution: Naturalized in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba,
(Jamaica). Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 123, 132, 147. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser
number 9 8 • 39
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Cynanchum blodgettii (A. Gray) Shinners = Metastelma blodgettii
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Martin, A. Gray
St. Vincent), Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao; native to Cynanchum bonplandianum Schult. = Metastelma bonplandianum
Madagascar. (Schult.) Schltr.
Common Names: Old maid, Red periwinkle (Bahamas), Adorna patio,
Buenas tardes, Cangrejera, Catalan, Catalana, Coneja, Flor boba, Cynanchum brachystephanum (Griseb.) Alain = Metastelma
Jazmín de la mar, Libertine, Mujer vegana, Rosa catalana, Todo brachystephanum Griseb.
el año, Vagabunda vegana (Dominican Republic), Fleurs des Cynanchum broadwayi (Schltr.) Woodson = Metastelma broadwayi
meres, Fleurs des roches, Pervenche blanche, Pervenche rose, Petit (Schltr.) R.A. Howard
perbenche rose, San (s) cesse, Sans cesse blanche, Sans cesse rose
Cynanchum calcicola Alain = Metastelma calcicola (Alain) Alain
(Haiti), Old maid, Periwinkle, Ram-goat rose (Jamaica),
Caca-poule, Herbe aux sorciers, Periwinkle, Pervenche de Cynanchum caribaeum Alain = Metastelma hamatum Griseb.
Madagascar (Lesser Antilles), Cangrejera, Desbarata casamiento, Cynanchum caribaeum sensu authors = Metastelma inaguense Vail
Flor de todo el año, Jazmín del mar, Playera (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 147, 150, Cynanchum cheesmanii Woodson = Metastelma decipiens Schltr.
224, 301, 323, 340. Cynanchum clausum (Jacq.) Jacq. = Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schltr.
Cynanchum crispiflorum Sw. = Fischeria crispiflora (Sw.) K. Schum.
Cerbera peruviana Pers. = Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold
Cynanchum cubense (A. Rich.) Woodson = Metalepis cubensis
Cerbera thevetia L. = Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold (A. Rich.) Griseb.
Ceropegia nitida Poir. = Marsdenia nitida (Poir.) Decne. Cynanchum decaisneanum (Schltr.) Alain = Metastelma decipiens Schltr.
Chariomma domingensis (Jacq.) Miers = Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Cynanchum decipiens (Schltr.) Alain = Metastelma decipiens Schltr.
Hansen & Wunderlin
Cynanchum denticulatum Vahl = Matelea denticulata (Vahl) Fontella &
Conoria cuspa Kunth = Aspidosperma cuspa (Kunth) S.F. Blake ex E.A. Schwarz
Pittier
Cynanchum domingense (Schltr.) J. Jiménez Alm. = Metastelma
Cryptostegia grandiflora R. Br., Bot. Reg. 5: t. 435. 1820. domingense Schltr.
Distribution: Naturalized in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba,
Cynanchum eggersii (Schltr.) Alain = Metastelma eggersii Schltr.
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St.
Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Cynanchum ekmanii Alain = Metastelma alainii Acev.-Rodr.
Antilles (Barbados, Saba), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and Cynanchum fawcettii (Schltr.) Stearn = Metastelma fawcettii Schltr.
Margarita; native to Madagascar.
Common Names: Rubber vine (Bahamas), Flor de estrella, Estrella Cynanchum fusculum (C. Wright) Alain = Metastelma fusculum
del norte, Palo salomón (Cuba), Cautcho, Palo de caucho, Vara C. Wright
de. coche, Bejuco de caucho, Caucho (Dominican Republic), Cynanchum gracile (Decne.) J. Jiménez Alm. = Metastelma gracile Decne.
Cauthouc, Caoutchouc (Haiti), India-rubber vine (Jamaica),
Cynanchum graminifolium (Griseb.) Alain = Metastelma
Bejuco de cuernos, Bejuco de goma, Canario morado falso,
bonplandianum (Schult.) Schltr.
Alamanda morada falsa (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150, 220, Cynanchum grisebachianum (Schltr.) Alain = Metastelma decipiens
224, 228, 323, 383. Schltr.
Note: The distribution of this species as reported here may include Cynanchum grisebachii (M. Gómez) Woodson = Metastelma decipiens
individuals of the closely related C. madagascariensis; considered Schltr.
an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Cynanchum haitiense J. Jiménez Alm. = Metastelma astephanoides
Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Schltr.
Prodr. 8: 492. 1844.
Distribution: Naturalized in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Cynanchum harrisii (Schltr.) Stearn = Metastelma harrisii Schltr.
Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Cynanchum hartii (Schltr.) Proctor = Metastelma parviflorum (Sw.)
Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), and Margarita; native to Madagascar. R. Br. ex Schult.
Common Names: Purple allamanda, Rubber vine (Jamaica).
Cynanchum inaguense (Vail) Howard & Dunbar = Metastelma
References: 1, 2, 7, 19, 32, 58, 150, 323.
inaguense Vail
Cynanchum aemulans (Schltr.) J. Jiménez Alm. = Metastelma aemulans
Cynanchum jamaicense (Griseb.) Woodson = Metastelma woodsonii
Schltr.
Acev.-Rodr.
Cynanchum albiflorum (Griseb.) Stearn = Metastelma albiflorum
Cynanchum leptocladum (Decne.) J. Jiménez Alm. = Metastelma
Griseb.
leptocladum (Decne.) Schltr
Cynanchum anegadense (Britton) Alain = Metastelma anegadensis
Cynanchum leptophyllum (Schltr.) J. Jiménez Alm. = Metastelma
Britton
leptophyllum (Schltr.) Alain
Cynanchum anegadense sensu Woodbury = Metastelma monense Britton
Cynanchum lineare (Bello) Alain = Metastelma lineare Bello
Cynanchum angustifolium Pers. = Seutera angustifolia (Pers.) Fishbein
Cynanchum maritimum (Jacq.) Jacq. = Matelea maritima (Jacq.)
& W.D. Stevens
Woodson
Cynanchum atrorubens (Schltr.) Alain = Metastelma atrorubens Schltr.
Cynanchum monense (Britton) Alain = Metastelma monense Britton
Cynanchum bahamense (Griseb.) Gillis = Metastelma bahamense Griseb.
Cynanchum northropiae (Schltr.) Alain = Metastelma northropiae Schltr.
Cynanchum ophiticola Alain = Metastelma cubense Decne. Echites cubensis (Müll. Arg.) Griseb. = Angadenia berteroi (A. DC.)
Miers
Cynanchum orientense Alain = Metastelma pauciflorum (Griseb.)
Schltr. Echites dolichopetalus Urb. = Asketanthera dolichopetala (Urb.)
Woodson
Cynanchum parviflorum Sw. = Metastelma parviflorum (Sw.) R. Br. ex
Schult. Echites domingensis Jacq. = Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Hansen &
Wunderlin
Cynanchum penicillatum (Griseb.) Alain = Metastelma penicillatum
Griseb. Echites echites (L.) Britton = Echites umbellatus Jacq. subsp. umbellatus
Cynanchum picardae (Schltr.) J. Jiménez Alm. = Metastelma picardae Echites ferrugineus A. Rich. = Angadenia berteroi (A. DC.) Miers
Schltr. Echites floribundus Sw. = Pinochia floribunda (Sw.) M.E. Endress &
Cynanchum priorii (Rendle) Stearn = Metastelma priorii Rendle B.F. Hansen
Cynanchum pubipetalum Alain = Metastelma pubipetalum (Alain) Echites grandiflorus G. Mey. = Odontadenia macrantha (Roem. &
S. Liede Schult.) Markgr.
Cynanchum readii (Schltr.) Alain = Metastelma readii Schltr Echites jamaicensis Griseb. = Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Hansen &
Wunderlin
Cynanchum rendlei Stearn = Metastelma jamaicense Schltr.
Echites lindenianus (Müll. Arg.) Griseb. = Angadenia lindeniana (Müll.
Cynanchum richardianum Alain = Metastelma ovalifolium (A. Rich.)
Arg.) Miers
Liede
Echites littoreus Kunth = Echites umbellatus Jacq. subsp. umbellatus
Cynanchum rupicola (Urb.) Alain = Metastelma rupicola Urb.
Echites longiflora Ekman & Helwig = Asketanthera longiflora
Cynanchum salinarum (Griseb.) Alain = Seutera angustifolia (Pers.)
Woodson
Fishbein & W.D. Stevens
Echites macranthus Roem. & Schult. = Odontadenia macrantha
Cynanchum savannarum Alain = Metastelma linearifolium A. Rich.
(Roem. & Schult.) Markgr.
Cynanchum scoparium Nutt. = Metastelma scoparium (Nutt.) Vail
Echites macrocarpus A. Rich. = Catalpa macrocarpa (A. Rich.) Ekman
Cynanchum sigmoideum Correll = Metastelma sigmoideum (Correll) & Urb. (Bignoniaceae)
Acev.-Rodr.
Echites minima Britton & P. Wilson = Mesechites minimus (Britton &
Cynanchum stenoglossum (Schltr.) J. Jiménez Alm. = Metastelma P. Wilson) Woodson
stenoglossum Schltr.
Echites neriandra Griseb. = Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Hansen &
Cynanchum urbanianum (Schltr.) Alain = Metastelma urbanianum Wunderlin
Schltr.
Echites picardae Urb. = Asketanthera picardae (Urb.) Woodson
Decastelma broadwayi Schltr. = Metastelma broadwayi (Schltr.) R.A.
Echites quinquangularis Jacq. = Prestonia quinquangularis (Jacq.)
Howard
Spreng.
Echites agglutinatus Jacq. = Allotoonia agglutinata (Jacq.) J.F. Morales
Echites repens Jacq. = Mesechites repens (Jacq.) Miers
Echites angustifolius Poir. = Mesechites angustifolius (Poir.) Miers
Echites rugelianus Urb. = Asketanthera calycosa (A. Rich.) Woodson
Echites asperuginis Sw. = Anechites nerium (Aubl.) Urb.
Echites sagrae A. DC. = Angadenia berteroi (A. DC.) Miers
Echites barbatus Desv. ex Ham. = Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Hansen
Echites suberectus Jacq. = Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Hansen &
& Wunderlin
Wunderlin
Echites berteroi A. DC. = Angadenia berteroi (A. DC.) Miers
Echites subsagittata Ruiz & Pav. = Mandevilla subsagittata (Ruiz &
Echites biflorus Jacq. = Rhabdadenia biflora (Jacq.) Müll. Arg. Pav.) Woodson
Echites breviflorus Urb. = Mesechites angustifolius (Poir.) Miers Echites torosus Jacq. = Mandevilla torosa (Jacq.) Woodson
Echites brevipedunculatus Lippold, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Echites umbellatus Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 13. 1760, subsp. umbellatus
Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 32: 887. 1983. Echites echites (L.) Britton in J.K. Small, Fl. Miami 147. 1913.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Echites littoreus Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland &
Reference: 149. C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 212. 1819.
Echites cajalbanicus Lippold, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Echites umbellatus Jacq. var. longiflorus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 172. 1866.
Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 32: 885. 1983. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Barbuda), North America, Mexico,
Reference: 149. Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Danish, Devil’s potato-root, Rubber-vine, Wild
Echites calycosus A. Rich. = Asketanthera calycosa (A. Rich.) Woodson potato (Bahamas), Curamagüey, Curamagüey blanco, Huevo de
Echites cinereus A. Rich. = Haplophyton cimicidum A. DC. gallo (Cuba), Bejuco de leche, Curamagüey (Dominican Republic).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 45, 58, 123, 132, 147.
Echites circinalis Sw. = Allotoonia agglutinata (Jacq.) J.F. Morales
Echites umbellatus Jacq. subsp. crassipes (A. Rich.) Borhidi &
Echites corymbosus Jacq. = Pinochia corymbosa (Jacq.) M.E. Endress
O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 62: 26. 1975; Echites crassipes A. Rich.
& B.F. Hansen subsp. corymbosa
in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 91. 1850; Echites
Echites crassipes A. Rich. = Echites umbellatus Jacq. subsp. crassipes umbellatus Jacq. var. crassipes (A. Rich.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc.
(A. Rich.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 274. 1894.
number 9 8 • 41
Distribution: Native to Cuba and United States (FL). Forsteronia wilsonii (Griseb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22:
References: 3, 150, 152. 174. 1935; Thyrsanthus wilsonii Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 412. 1862.
Echites umbellatus Jacq. var. crassipes (A. Rich.) M. Gómez = Echites
References: 2, 36.
umbellatus Jacq. subsp. crassipes (A. Rich.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz
Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Echites umbellatus Jacq. var. longiflorus Griseb. = Echites umbellatus
13: 283. 1914; Asclepias clausa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 17. 1760;
Jacq. subsp. umbellatus
Cynanchum clausum (Jacq.) Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 87.
Echites umbellatus sensu Bello = Allotoonia agglutinata (Jacq.) J.F. 1763; Philibertia clausa (Jacq.) K. Schum. in H.G.A. Engler &
Morales K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 229. 1895; Sarcostemma
Echites umbellatus sensu A. Stahl = Allotoonia agglutinata (Jacq.) J.F. clausum (Jacq.) Schult., Syst. Veg. 6: 114. 1820.
Morales Asclepias viminalis Sw., Prodr. 53. 1788; Schollia viminalis (Sw.)
J. Jacq., Ecl. Pl. Rar. 1: 8. 1811.
Echites valenzuelanus A. Rich. = Neobracea valenzuelana (A. Rich.) Urb. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Enslenia jamaicensis Griseb. = Metastelma woodsonii Acev.-Rodr. Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines),
Trinidad, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South
Epicion bahamense (Griseb.) Small = Metastelma bahamense Griseb.
America; cultivated in the Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas).
Ervatamia cumingiana (A. DC.) Markgr. = Tabernaemontana References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 30, 32, 45, 61, 301, 323.
pandacaqui Lam.
Funtumia elastica (Preuss) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 27: t. 2694. 1901.
Fischeria cincta Griseb. = Gonolobus stapelioides Desv. ex Ham. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and Puerto Rico; native to Africa.
Fischeria crispiflora (Sw.) K. Schum. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Common Names: Caucho de lagos, Lagos caoutchouc (Cuba), Goma
Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 230. 1895; Cynanchum crispiflorum Sw., (Puerto Rico).
Prodr. 52. 1788. References: 3, 58, 131, 132, 147, 383.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. Gomphocarpus physocarpus E. Mey. = Asclepias physocarpa (E. Mey.)
Common Names: Bejuco guaro, Bejuco pelado, Bejuco, Curamagüey de Schltr.
costa, Guairo, Guauro, Guayito, Huevo de gallo, Huevo de toro,
Gonolobus absalonensis Krings, Syst. Bot. 32: 181. 2007.
Lechuga, Lirio, Malambo, Mariposa, Papelera (Cuba).
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique).
References: 2, 3, 30, 132.
Reference: 149.
Fischeria havanensis Decne. = Fischeria scandens DC.
Gonolobus angustifolius (Griseb.) K. Schum. = Matelea grisebachiana
Fischeria multiflora sensu Griseb. = Fischeria scandens DC. (Schltr.) Alain
Fischeria scandens DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 112. 1813. Gonolobus bakeri Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 341. 1912.
Fischeria havanensis Decne. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 601. 1844. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Fischeria multiflora sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 421. 1862, non Decne. References: 3, 30.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
Gonolobus bayatensis Urb. = Matelea bayatensis (Urb.) Woodson
Common Names: Bejuco, Curamagüey de costa, Guauro, Huevo de Gonolobus bicolor (Britton & P. Wilson) Urb. = Matelea bicolor
toro (Cuba). (Britton & P. Wilson) Woodson
References: 2, 3, 30, 132, 157, 301. Gonolobus cinctus (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. = Gonolobus
Forsteronia alexandri Griseb. = Pinochia floribunda (Sw.) M.E. Endress stapelioides Desv. ex Ham.
& B.F. Hansen Gonolobus cubensis A. Rich. = Metalepis cubensis (A. Rich.) Griseb.
Forsteronia corylifolia (Griseb.) Griseb. = Forsteronia spicata G. Mey. Gonolobus denticulatus (Vahl) W.D. Stevens = Matelea denticulata
Forsteronia corymbosa (Jacq.) G. Mey. = Pinochia corymbosa (Jacq.) (Vahl) Fontella & E.A. Schwarz
M.E. Endress & B.F. Hansen subsp. corymbosa Gonolobus dictyopetalus Urb. & Ekman = Matelea dictyopetala (Urb.
Forsteronia corymbosa sensu Bello = Pinochia corymbosa (Jacq.) M.E. & Ekman) Krings
Endress & B.F. Hansen subsp. portoricensis (Woodson) M.E. Gonolobus domingensis Alain = Matelea domingensis (Alain) Krings
Endress & B.F. Hansen
Gonolobus dussii Krings, Syst. Bot. 32: 183. 2007.
Forsteronia domatiella Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 289. 1982. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe).
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Reference: 149.
Reference: 2.
Gonolobus ekmanii Urb. = Matelea ekmanii (Urb.) Woodson
Forsteronia floribunda (Sw.) G. Mey. = Pinochia floribunda (Sw.) M.E.
Endress & B.F. Hansen Gonolobus floccosus Bertol. = Matelea maritima (Jacq.) Woodson
Forsteronia portoricensis Woodson = Pinochia corymbosa (Jacq.) M.E. Gonolobus grenadensis Schltr. = Matelea denticulata (Vahl) Fontella &
Endress & B.F. Hansen subsp. portoricensis (Woodson) M.E. E.A. Schwarz
Endress & B.F. Hansen Gonolobus grisebachianus Schltr. = Matelea grisebachiana (Schltr.) Alain
Forsteronia spicata G. Mey. in E. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 133. 1818. Gonolobus haitiensis P.T. Li, J. S. China Agric. Univ. 14: 58. 1993.
Forsteronia corylifolia (Griseb.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 172. 1866; Gonolobus stipitatus Alain, Phytologia 64: 345. 1988, nom. illeg., non
Thyrsanthus corylifolius Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 519. 1862; Morillo, 1986.
Aptotheca corylifolia (Griseb.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 150. 1878. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 7, 152, 161.
Gonolobus iyanolensis Krings, Syst. Bot. 32: 185. 2007.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia). Hoya carnosa sensu Britton & P. Wilson, and Liogier non (L.) R. Br.
Reference: 149. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands;
native to Australia and Pacific Region.
Gonolobus jamaicensis Rendle, J. Bot. 74: 345. 1936.
References: 3, 32, 58, 61, 159.
Reference: 2. Hoya carnosa sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Hoya australis R. Br. ex
Trail
Gonolobus maritimus (Jacq.) R. Br. = Matelea maritima (Jacq.)
Woodson Ibatia maritima (Jacq.) Decne = Matelea maritima (Jacq.) Woodson
Gonolobus martinicensis Decne. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 595. Ibatia mollis Griseb. = Matelea mollis (Griseb.) Woodson
1844. Ibatia muricata Griseb. = Matelea maritima (Jacq.) Woodson
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, St.
Lucia). Jacaima costata (Urb.) Rendle = Matelea costata (Urb.) Morillo var.
Common Names: Liane noire, Liane-serpent (Lesser Antilles). costata
Reference: 1. Jacaima costata (Urb.) Rendle var. goodfriendii Proctor = Matelea
Gonolobus membranaceus Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 285. costata (Urb.) Morillo var. goodfriendii (Proctor) Krings
1899. Jacaima parvifolia Proctor = Matelea proctorii Krings
Kopsia fruticosa (Roxb.) A. DC., Prodr. 8: 352. 1844.
Distribution: Cultivated in Virgin Islands (St. Croix); native to
Gonolobus nipensis Urb. = Matelea nipensis (Urb.) Woodson Myanmar.
Gonolobus pauciflorus Spreng. = Matelea pauciflora (Spreng.) Woodson Reference: 147.
Gonolobus pubescens Griseb. = Matelea pubescens (Griseb.) Krings Lachnostoma maritimum (Jacq.) G. Nicholson = Matelea maritima
(Jacq.) Woodson
Gonolobus pubescens sensu A. Stahl = Metastelma decipiens Schltr.
Lachnostoma molle (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Matelea mollis (Griseb.)
Gonolobus rhamnifolius Griseb. = Matelea rhamnifolia (Griseb.) Krings Woodson
Gonolobus sintenisii Schltr. = Matelea sintenisii (Schltr.) Woodson Lochnera rosea (L.) Rchb. ex Endl. = Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don
Gonolobus stapelioides Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 32. 1825. Malouetia cubana A. DC. = Malouetia flavescens Müll. Arg.
Gonolobus cinctus (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2(2): 750.
1876; Fischeria cincta Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 421. 1862. Malouetia flavescens Müll. Arg. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1):
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. 95. 1860.
References: 2, 36. Malouetia cubana A. DC., Prodr. 8: 379. 1844.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to South America.
Gonolobus stellatus Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 420. 1862. References: 3, 224.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Reference: 2.
Mandevilla longiflora (Desf.) Pichon, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 5: 276.
Gonolobus stephanotrichus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 177. 1866; 1819; Echites longiflorus Desf., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 5: 276.
Vincetoxicum stephanotrichum (Griseb.) Britton in N.L. Britton & 1819.
P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 100. 1925. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, References: 5, 7, 147.
and Puerto Rico.
References: 3, 7, 32, 58, 61, 151, 156. Mandevilla subsagittata (Ruiz & Pav.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot.
Gard. 19: 69. 1932; Echites subsagittata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2:
Gonolobus tigrinus Griseb. = Matelea tigrina (Griseb.) Woodson 19. 1799.
Gonolobus tigrinus Griseb. var. angustifolius Griseb. = Matelea Mesechites hastatus Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 233. 1878.
grisebachiana (Schltr.) Alain Distribution: Native to Cuba, Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, and
South America.
Gonolobus variifolius Schltr. = Matelea variifolia (Schltr.) Woodson
Gonolobus waitukubuliensis Krings, Syst. Bot. 32: 187. 2007. Note: Reported for Cuba by World Checklist of Selected Plant
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica). Families (147), but not known to us from any collection or other
Reference: 149. bibliographical reference.
Gonolobus youroumaynensis Krings, Syst. Bot. 32: 191. 2007. Mandevilla torosa (Jacq.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19: 64.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent). 1932; Echites torosus Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 13. 1760.
Reference: 149. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, and Central America.
Gothofreda cordifolia Vent. = Oxypetalum cordifolium (Vent.) Schltr. References: 2, 3, 147.
Haplophyton cimicidum A. DC., Prodr. 8: 412. 1844. Mandevilla wrightiana Benth. & Hook. f. = Neobracea valenzuelana
Haplophyton cinereum (A. Rich.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. (A. Rich.) Urb.
23: 231. 1936; Echites cinereus A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Marsdenia affinis A. Rich. = Marsdenia clausa R. Br.
Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 93. 1850.
Marsdenia bicolor Britton & P. Wilson = Matelea bicolor (Britton & P.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Mexico and Guatemala.
Wilson) Woodson
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Marsdenia campanulata Griseb. = Marsdenia clausa R. Br.
Hoya australis R. Br. ex Trail, Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 28. 1830. Marsdenia clausa R. Br., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 30. 1811.
number 9 8 • 43
Marsdenia affinis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: Marsdenia macfadyenii Rendle, J. Bot. 75: 349. 1937.
100. 1850. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Marsdenia campanulata Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 521. 1862. Reference: 2.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Marsdenia macroglossa Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 276. 1899.
Hispaniola; dubious in Jamaica. Metastelma schlechtendalii sensu Duss, Fl. Phan. Antill. Franc. 398.
Common Names: Curamagüey, Curamagüey blanco (Cuba), 1897, non Decne.
Curamagüey (Dominican Republic), Corne a cabrit, Corne a Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Guadeloupe,
cabrite, Corne cabrit (Haiti). Montserrat).
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 123, 132. Common Name: Vanille bâtard (Lesser Antilles).
Marsdenia cubensis Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 25 (2): References: 1, 30.
322. 1852. Marsdenia macrophylla (Humb. & Bonpl.) E. Fourn. in C.F.P. von
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(4): 321. 1885; Asclepias macrophylla Humb.
Reference: 3. & Bonpl. in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 6: 86. 1820.
Marsdenia dictyophylla Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 194. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
1922. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. References: 1, 149, 301.
References: 5, 7. Marsdenia micrantha Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 13: 59. 1956.
Marsdenia dussii Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 275. 1899. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique). Reference: 3.
References: 1, 30, 31. Marsdenia nitida (Poir.) Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 9: 275.
Marsdenia ekmanii Alain, Brittonia 20: 149. 1968. 1838; Ceropegia nitida Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Suppl. 1: 178. 1810.
References: 7, 152. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 5, 7.
Marsdenia elliptica Decne. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 616. 1844.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Marsdenia nubicola Alain, Phytologia 63: 66. 1987.
References: 32, 58, 61, 149, 349. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Reference: 7.
Marsdenia elliptica sensu Griseb. = Marsdenia fusca C. Wright ex Griseb.
Marsdenia saturejifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Marsdenia elliptica sensu Duss = Marsdenia fusca C. Wright ex Griseb.
11: 100. 1850.
Marsdenia floribunda (Brongn.) Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
275. 1899; Stephanotis floribunda Brongn., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Common Name: Corde violón (Dominican Republic).
sér. 2, 7: 30. 1837. References: 3, 5, 7, 123, 152.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin
Marsdenia saturejifolia sensu Griseb. = Marsdenia linearis Decne.
Islands (St. Croix).
Common Names: Estefanotis (Cuba), Estefanotis (Dominican Marsdenia suffruticosa Alain, Moscosoa 1(1): 36. 1976.
Republic), Estefanota (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
References: 3, 30, 32, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 151, 224, 230. References: 7, 8.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Marsdenia troyana Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 36. 1919.
Marsdenia fusca C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 178. 1866. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Marsdenia elliptica sensu Griseb., Syst. Veg. Karaiben 875. 1857, non Reference: 2.
Decne. Marsdenia umbellata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 179. 1866.
Marsdenia elliptica sensu Duss, Fl. Phan. Antill. Franc. 400. 1897, non Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Decne. Common Name: Curamagüey (Cuba).
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. References: 3, 132.
Marsdenia vinciflora Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 179. 1866; Stephanotis
Marsdenia haitiensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 40. 1926. vinciflora (Griseb.) Benth., Gen. Pl. 2: 773. 1876.
Marsdenia gonavensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 104. 1929. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Gonave Is.). Common Name: Curamagüey (Cuba).
References: 5, 7, 149. References: 3, 132, 152.
Marsdenia linearis Decne. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 617. 1844. Marsdenia woodburyana Acev.-Rodr., Brittonia 51: 167. 1999.
Marsdenia saturejifolia sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 178. 1866, non Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Mona Island.
A. Rich. References: 32, 149, 254.
Common Names: Cucharita (Dominican Republic), Copaye, Corne Matelea acuminata (Griseb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28:
cabrit, Corne à cabrit, Corne a cabrite (Haiti). 225. 1941; Orthosia acuminata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 175. 1866;
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 123. Poicilla acuminata (Griseb.) Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5:
469. 1908; Vincetoxicum acuminatum (Griseb.) M. Gómez in F.A.
Marsdenia longiflora A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 23: 276. 1894.
11: 100. 1850; Stephanotis longiflora (A. Rich.) Benth., Gen. Pl. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
2: 773. 1876. References: 3, 30, 39, 350.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
References: 3, 30, 152. Cuba (39).
Matelea alainii Woodson, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De Matelea domingensis (Alain) Krings, Sida 21: 2081. 2005; Gonolobus
La Salle” 15: 23. 1956. domingensis Alain, Moscosoa 1(3): 46. 1978.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Reference: 3. References: 8, 152.
Matelea annulata Alain, Brittonia 20: 149. 1968. Matelea ekmanii (Urb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 226.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). 1941; Gonolobus ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 422. 1925.
References: 7, 152, 156. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Matelea bayatensis (Urb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 226.
1941; Gonolobus bayatensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 420. 1925. Matelea grisebachiana (Schltr.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. “Felipe Poey” 22: 120. 1955; Gonolobus grisebachianus Schltr. in
References: 3, 30. I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 287. 1899.
Gonolobus tigrinus Griseb. var. angustifolius Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 177.
Matelea bicolor (Britton & P. Wilson) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot.
1866; Gonolobus angustifolius (Griseb.) K. Schum. in H.G.A.
Gard. 28: 236. 1941; Marsdenia bicolor Britton & P. Wilson, Bull.
Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 302. 1895.
Torrey Bot. Club 50: 47. 1923; Gonolobus bicolor (Britton &
P. Wilson) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 421. 1925.
References: 3, 30, 39, 124, 152.
References: 3, 30. 149, 156.
Cuba (39).
Matelea borinquensis Alain = Matelea variifolia (Schltr.) Woodson
Matelea hastata Alain, Brittonia 20: 150. 1968.
Matelea constanzana J. Jiménez Alm., Rhodora 62: 238. 1960. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Poicillopsis tuerckheimii Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 339. 1912. References: 7, 152, 156.
Matelea hirsuta (Vahl) Woodson in E.E. Cheesman, Fl. Trinidad &
Tobago 2(3): 170. 1947; Cynanchum hirsutum Vahl, Eclog. Amer.
Matelea correllii Spellman, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65: 1255. 1979 2: 24. 1798; Macroscepis hirsuta (Vahl) Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb.
[“1978”]. Antill. 1: 265. 1899.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent), Trinidad, and
References: 45, 156. South America.
Matelea corynephora Krings, Sida 22: 942. 2006. References: 1, 30, 301, 336.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Matelea linearipetala Alain, Phytologia 64: 346. 1988.
Reference: 149. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Matelea costata (Urb.) Morillo, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 43: 239. References: 7, 152.
1987, var. costata; Poicilla costata Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 38. 1909; Matelea maritima (Jacq.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28:
Jacaima costata (Urb.) Rendle, J. Bot. 74: 340. 1936. 222. 1941; Asclepias maritima Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 17. 1760;
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Gonolobus maritimus (Jacq.) R. Br., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist.
References: 2, 30, 151. Soc. 1: 35. 1811; Ibatia maritima (Jacq.) Decne. in A.L.P.P.
Matelea costata (Urb.) Morillo var. goodfriendii (Proctor) Krings, de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 599. 1844; Lachnostoma maritimum
J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 150. 2008; Jacaima costata (Urb.) (Jacq.) G. Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 226. 1884; Cynanchum
Rendle var. goodfriendii Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 290. 1982. maritimum (Jacq.) Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 83. 1763.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Gonolobus floccosus Bertol., Opusc. Sci. 4: 225. 1823.
References: 149, 336. Ibatia muricata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 421. 1862.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Matelea crispiflora (Urb.) J. Jiménez Alm., Rhodora 62: 238. 1960; (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda),
Poicillopsis crispiflora Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 7. Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
1923. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita,
References: 5, 7. and South America.
Matelea denticulata (Vahl) Fontella & E.A. Schwarz, Bol. Mus. Bot. Common Names: Corne a cabrite, Curamagüey, Guanábana de perro,
Munic. 46: 4. 1981; Cynanchum denticulatum Vahl, Eclog. Guanábana de perro cimarrona, Guanabanita (Dominican
Amer. 2: 23. 1798; Gonolobus denticulatus (Vahl) W.D. Stevens, Republic), Corne a cabrit, Corne cabrit, Corne cabrite (Haiti),
Phytologia 64: 334. 1988. Corossol à chien, Coirossol-diable (Lesser Antilles), Guanabanilla
Gonolobus grenadensis Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 339. 1912. cimarrona, Popón (Puerto Rico).
Matelea viridiflora (G. Mey.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: References: 1, 3, 7, 19, 32, 36, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 151, 156, 161,
235. 1941; Vincetoxicum viridiflorum G. Mey., J. Wash. Acad. 323, 340.
Sci. 17: 14. 1927. Matelea mollis (Griseb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28:
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe), 223. 1941; Ibatia mollis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 177. 1866;
Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, and South America. Lachnostoma molle (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist.
References: 1, 30, 151, 301. Nat. 23: 276. 1894; Poicilla mollis (Griseb.) Schltr. in I. Urban,
Matelea dictyopetala (Urb. & Ekman) Krings, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas Symb. Antill. 5: 470. 1908; Ptycanthera mollis (Griseb.) Schltr. in
2: 130. 2008; Gonolobus dictyopetalus Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 280. 1899.
20A(5): 41. 1926. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). References: 3, 30, 124.
References: 5, 7. Matelea monticola Alain, Sida 20: 1645. 2003.
number 9 8 • 45
Matelea sylvicola Alain, Phytologia 22: 168. 1971, nom. illeg., non Matelea tamnifolia (Griseb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28:
L.O. Williams, 1968. 225. 1941; Poicilla tamnifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 176. 1866.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 149, 151, 156. References: 3, 30.
Matelea nipensis (Urb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 226. Matelea tigrina (Griseb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 226.
1941; Gonolobus nipensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 421. 1925. 1941; Gonolobus tigrinus Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 520. 1862.
Matelea oblongata (Griseb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28:
Cuba (39).
226. 1941; Orthosia oblongata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 176. 1866;
Poicilla oblongata (Griseb.) Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: Matelea torulosa Krings, Sida 22: 951. 2006.
470. 1908; Ptycanthera oblongata (Griseb.) Schltr. in I. Urban, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Symb. Antill. 1: 280. 1899; Vincetoxicum oblongatum (Griseb.) Reference: 149.
M. Gómez in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 23: Matelea variifolia (Schltr.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 226.
276. 1894. 1941; Gonolobus variifolius Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1:
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 286. 1899; Vincetoxicum variifolia (Schltr.) Britton in N.L. Britton
References: 3, 30, 350. & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 100. 1925.
Matelea ovatifolia (Griseb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: Matelea borinquensis Alain, Phytologia 61: 360. 1986.
225. 1941; Poicilla ovatifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 177. 1866; Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Poicillopsis ovatifolia (Griseb.) Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. References: 30, 32, 58, 61, 149, 151, 156.
7: 339. 1912; Ptycanthera ovatifolia (Griseb.) Schltr. in I. Urban, Matelea viridiflora (G. Mey.) Woodson = Matelea denticulata (Vahl)
Symb. Antill. 1: 279. 1899. Fontella & E.A. Schwarz
Hispaniola. Matelea viridivenia Alain, Phytologia 22: 169. 1971.
Common Name: Bejuquito (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 123. References: 7, 152, 156.
Matelea pauciflora (Spreng.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: Mesechites angustifolius (Poir.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 230. 1878;
226. 1941; Gonolobus pauciflorus Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: Echites angustifolius Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl.
846. 1824 [“1825”]. Suppl. 2: 537. 1812.
Ptycanthera berteroi Decne. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 606. 1844. Echites breviflorus Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 464. 1908.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 5, 7, 30. Common Names: Bejuco pepecaba, Pluma de cotorra (Dominican
Republic).
Matelea pentactina Krings, Sida 21: 1519. 2005. References: 5, 7, 30, 123.
Reference: 149. Mesechites hastatus Miers = Mandevilla subsagittata (Ruiz & Pav.)
Woodson
Matelea phainops Krings, Sida 22: 948. 2006.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Mesechites minimus (Britton & P. Wilson) Woodson, Ann. Missouri
Reference: 149. Bot. Gard. 19: 386. 1932; Echites minima Britton & P. Wilson,
Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 94. 1920.
Matelea proctorii Krings, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 151. 2008 [as a new Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
name]; Jacaima parvifolia Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 291. 1982. References: 3, 156.
References: 2, 149, 336. Mesechites repens (Jacq.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 229. 1878; Echites
repens Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 13. 1760.
Matelea pubescens (Griseb.) Krings, J. Bot. Rest. Inst. Texas 2: 131. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
2008; Gonolobus pubescens Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 420. 1862. Hispaniola.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Common Names: Abrazapalo, Bejuco, Bejuco pepecaba, Cascarito,
References: 2, 149. Maní cimarrón, Pepecuba (Dominican Republic), Petite liane,
Matelea rhamnifolia (Griseb.) Krings, Sida 21: 1515. 2005; Gonolobus Petite liane ibo, Tiliane ibo, Ti-liani ibo (Haiti).
rhamnifolius Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 420. 1862. References: 3, 5, 7, 123.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Mesechites roseus Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 232. 1878.
Matelea rhynchocephala Krings, Sida 22: 949. 2006. Reference: 3.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Metalepis cubensis (A. Rich.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 180. 1866;
Reference: 149. Gonolobus cubensis A Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba,
Matelea sintenisii (Schltr.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 226. Bot. 11: 98. 1850; Cynanchum cubense (A. Rich.) Woodson, Ann.
1941; Gonolobus sintenisii Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 288. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 213. 1941.
1899; Vincetoxicum sintenisii (Schltr.) Britton in N.L. Britton & Metastelma aemulans Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 252. 1899;
P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 100. 1925. Cynanchum aemulans (Schltr.) J. Jiménez Alm., Rhodora 62: 237.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. 1960.
References: 30, 32, 58, 61, 149, 151. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Matelea sylvicola Alain = Matelea monticola Alain References: 5, 7, 30, 152.
Metastelma alainii Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov.; Astephanus schlechterianus Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 419. 1925, nom. illeg.; Cynanchum References: 3, 30, 152.
ekmanii Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22: 118. Metastelma broadwayi (Schltr.) R.A. Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles 6:
1955. 128. 1989; Decastelma broadwayi Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Antill. 1: 265. 1899; Cynanchum broadwayi (Schltr.) Woodson, Fl.
References: 3, 30, 151. Trinidad & Tobago 2(3): 168. 1947.
Metastelma albiflorum sensu Schltdl. = Metastelma decipiens Schltr. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Grenadines);
reported for Trinidad perhaps in error.
Metastelma albiflorum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 417. 1862; Cynanchum
References: 1, 30, 151, 301.
albiflorum (Griseb.) Stearn, Phytologia 21: 138. 1971.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Metastelma calcicola (Alain) Alain, Phytologia 70: 149. 1991;
References: 2, 36. Cynanchum calcicola Alain, Phytologia 64: 345. 1988.
Metastelma anegadensis Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv.
References: 7, 152.
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 97. 1925; Cynanchum anegadense
(Britton) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 191. 1963. Metastelma crassiusculum Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 261. 1899.
Distribution: Endemic to Virgin Islands (Anegada). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Metastelma cubense Decne. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 515. 1844;
Threatened Species. Cynanchum ophitocola Alain, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey”
Metastelma astephanoides Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 8: 551. 1921. 22: 119. 1955 (as a new name).
Cynanchum haitiense J. Jiménez Alm., Rhodora 62: 238. 1960. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Reference: 3.
References: 5, 7, 30, 152. Metastelma cubense sensu Griseb. = Metastelma bahamense Griseb.
Metastelma atrorubens Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 263. 1899; Metastelma decaisneanum Schltr. = Metastelma decipiens Schltr.
Cynanchum atrorubens (Schltr.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat.
“Felipe Poey” 22: 120. 1955. Metastelma decipiens Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 249. 1899;
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. Cynanchum decipiens (Schltr.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90:
References: 2, 3, 30, 152. 191. 1963.
Cynanchum cheesmanii Woodson, Fl. Trinidad & Tobago 2(3): 167. 1947.
Metastelma bahamense Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 174. 1866; Cynanchum Cynanchum decaisneanum (Schltr.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat.
bahamense (Griseb.) Gillis, Phytologia 29: 158. 1974; Epicion “Felipe Poey” 22: 119. 1955; Metastelma decaisneanum Schltr. in
bahamense (Griseb.) Small, Fl. Miami 149. 1913. I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 250. 1899.
Acrocoryne caribaea Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 25 Cynanchum grisebachianum (Schltr.) Alain, Rhodora 67: 346. 1965;
(2): 316. 1852. Metastelma grisebachianum Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5:
Metastelma cubense sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 417. 1862, non Decne. 469. 1908.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. Cynanchum grisebachii (M. Gómez) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot.
References: 30, 45, 161. Gard. 28: 214. 1941; Astephanus grisebachii M. Gómez, Anales
Note: Reported for Cuba by Correll & Correll (45). Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 276. 1894.
Metastelma bahamense Northr. = Metastelma northropiae Schltr. Gonolobus pubescens sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 88.
1888, non Griseb.
Metastelma barbadense Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 253. 1899.
Metastelma albiflorum sensu Schltdl. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 250.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Barbados).
1899, non Griseb.
References: 1, 30.
Metastelma fallax Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 249. 1899.
Metastelma barbatum Northr. = Metastelma blodgettii A. Gray Metastelma parviflorum Schltdl. ex Decne. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle,
Metastelma blodgettii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 73. 1877; Prodr. 8: 513. 1844.
Cynanchum blodgettii (A. Gray) Shinners, Sida 1: 365. 1964. Tylodontia cubensis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 175. 1866.
Metastelma barbatum Northr., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 58. 1902. Vincetoxicum pubescens sensu O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins, Econ. Pl.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, and North America. Porto Rico 262. 1903, non (Bunge) Kuntze.
Reference: 45. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Metastelma bonplandianum (Schult.) Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
1: 259. 1899; Cynanchum bonplandianum Schult. in J.J. Roemer Guadeloupe, St. Eustatius), and Tobago.
& J.A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 6: 98. 1820. References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 151, 152, 160, 301.
Cynanchum graminifolium (Griseb.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat.
“Felipe Poey” 22: 119. 1955; Amphistelma graminifolium Griseb., Metastelma domingense Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 251. 1899;
Cat. Pl. Cub. 174. 1866. Cynanchum domingense (Schltr.) J. Jiménez Alm., Rhodora 62:
Metastelma filiforme C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. 237. 1960.
Habana 7: 106. 1870. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 5, 7, 30, 151.
References: 3, 30, 151. Metastelma eggersii Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 258. 1899;
Metastelma brachystephanum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 174. 1866; Cynanchum eggersii (Schltr.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat.
Cynanchum brachystephanum (Griseb.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. “Felipe Poey” 22: 119. 1955.
Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22: 119. 1955; Metastelma penicillatum Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, and
Griseb. var. brachystephanum (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Hispaniola.
Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 275. 1894. References: 3, 7, 30, 45.
number 9 8 • 47
Metastelma ekmanii Markgr., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 104. 1929. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Cynanchum gonavense J. Jiménez Alm., Rhodora 62: 237. 1960. Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Names: Bejuco de barraco, Bejuco de berraco (Dominican
References: 7, 244. Republic), Dompte-venin, Racine asclépiade (Haiti).
Metastelma ephedroides (Griseb.) Schltr. = Metastelma leptocladum References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 123, 149.
(Decne.) Schltr. Metastelma leptophyllum (Schltr.) Alain, Phytologia 70: 149. 1991;
Metastelma fawcettii Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 260. 1899; Astephanus leptophyllus Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1:
Cynanchum fawcettii (Schltr.) Stearn, Phytologia 21: 138. 1971. 241. 1899; Cynanchum leptophyllum (Schltr.) J. Jiménez Alm.,
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Rhodora 62: 238. 1960.
References: 2, 30, 149. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 5, 7, 30, 152.
Metastelma filiforme (Griseb.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad.
Ci. Méd. Habana 7: 106. 1870; Cynanchum sauvallei Alain, Mem. Metastelma lineare Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 292. 1881;
Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22: 120. 1955 (as a new name). Cynanchum lineare (Bello) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 191.
Metastelma fusculum C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. 1963, nom. illeg.
Habana 7: 105. 1870; Astephanus fusculus (C. Wright) Schltr. in Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Puerto Rico,
I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 242. 1899; Cynanchum fusculum (C. and Virgin Islands (St. Thomas).
Wright) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22: 118. References: 3, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 340.
1955. Metastelma linearifolium A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Bot. 11: 96. 1850; Amphistelma linearifolium (A. Rich.) Griseb.,
References: 3, 5, 30, 151, 152. Cat. Pl. Cub. 175. 1866; Cynanchum savannarum Alain, Mem.
Metastelma glabrius Markgr., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 103. 1929. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22: 119. 1955 (as a new name).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Amphistelma filiforme Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 418. 1862.
Reference: 7. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Hispaniola.
Metastelma gracile Decne. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 515. 1844; Common Name: Curamagüey (Cuba).
Cynanchum gracile (Decne.) J. Jiménez Alm., Rhodora 62: 238. References: 3, 7, 30, 132.
1960.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Metastelma martinicense Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 251. 1899.
References: 5, 7, 152. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique).
References: 1, 30.
Metastelma grisebachianum Schltr. = Metastelma decipiens Schltr.
Metastelma monense Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv.
Metastelma hamatum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 173. 1866; Cynanchum Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 97. 1925; Cynanchum monense
caribaeum Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22: (Britton) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 191. 1963.
119. 1955 (as a new name). Cynanchum anegadense sensu Woodbury, Fl. Mona 43. 1977, non
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (Britton) Alain
References: 3, 30. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Mona Island.
Metastelma hamatum sensu authors = Metastelma inaguense Vail References: 32, 58, 61, 160, 233.
Metastelma harrisii Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 256. 1899; Metastelma northropiae Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 468. 1908;
Cynanchum harrisii (Schltr.) Stearn, Phytologia 21: 137. 1971. Cynanchum northropiae (Schltr.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22: 118. 1955.
References: 2, 30, 149. Metastelma bahamense Northr., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 58. 1902.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and United States (FL).
Metastelma hartii Schltr. = Metastelma parviflorum (Sw.) R. Br. ex Schult.
References: 3, 30, 45, 150.
Metastelma inaguense Vail, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 142. 1906;
Metastelma occidentale (Spreng.) Alain, Phytologia 70: 149. 1991;
Cynanchum inaguense (Vail) R.A. Howard & Dunbar, Rhodora
Secamone occidentalis Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 34.
66: 13. 1964.
1822; Tainionema occidentale (Spreng.) Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb.
Cynanchum caribaeum sensu authors, non Alain
Antill. 1: 241. 1899.
Metastelma hamatum sensu authors, non Griseb.
References: 5, 7, 30, 152.
Reference: 45.
Metastelma ovalifolium (A. Rich.) Liede, Novon 7: 43. 1997;
Metastelma jamaicense Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 469. 1908.
Astephanus ovalifolius A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba,
Cynanchum rendlei Stearn, Phytologia 21: 138. 1971.
Bot. 11: 95. 1850; Cynanchum richardianum Alain, Mem. Soc.
Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22: 118. 1955.
Reference: 2.
Astephanus urceolatus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 173. 1866; Cynanchum
Metastelma leptocladum (Decne.) Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. wrightianum Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22:
1: 261. 1899; Vincetoxicum leptocladum Decne. in A.L.P.P. de 119. 1955 (as a new name).
Candolle, Prodr. 8: 526. 1844; Amphistelma leptocladon (Decne.) Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 418. 1862; Cynanchum leptocladum References: 3, 30, 151, 152.
(Decne.) J. Jiménez Alm., Rhodora 62: 238. 1960.
Metastelma palustre (Pursh) Schltr. = Seutera angustifolia (Pers.)
Amphistelma ephedroides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 174. 1866;
Fishbein & W.D. Stevens
Cynanchum ephedroides (Griseb.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist.
Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22: 120. 1955; Metastelma ephedroides Metastelma paralias Decne. = Metastelma parviflorum (Sw.) R. Br. ex
(Griseb.) Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 262. 1899. Schult.
Metastelma parviflorum (Sw.) R. Br. ex Schult., Syst. Veg. 6: 120. 1820; Metastelma rupicola Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 7. 1923;
Cynanchum parviflorum Sw., Prodr. 53. 1788. Cynanchum rupicola (Urb.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat.
Metastelma albiflorum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 417. 1862; Cynanchum “Felipe Poey” 22: 119. 1955.
albiflorum (Griseb.) Stearn, Phytologia 21: 138. 1971. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Metastelma hartii Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 256. 1899; References: 3, 152.
Cynanchum hartii (Schltr.) Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 290. Metastelma salinarum (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright = Seutera
1982. angustifolia (Pers.) Fishbein & W.D. Stevens
Metastelma paralias Decne. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 514.
1844. Metastelma schlechtendalii sensu Duss = Marsdenia macroglossa Schltr.
Metastelma schlechtendalii sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 417. 1862, non Metastelma schlechtendalii sensu Griseb. = Metastelma parviflorum
Decne. (Sw.) R. Br. ex Schult.
Metastelma suberosum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 417. 1862.
Metastelma scoparium (Nutt.) Vail in J.K. Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 950. 1903;
Distribution: Endemic to the West Indies; native to Hispaniola,
Cynanchum scoparium Nutt., Amer. J. Sci. Arts 5: 291. 1822.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba and United States (FL).
References: 3, 45, 150, 151.
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Montserrat, Redonda, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Metastelma sigmoideum (Correll) Acev.-Rodr., comb. nov.; Cynanchum
Tobago, Trinidad, Curaçao, and Margarita. sigmoideum Correll, J. Arnold Arb. 58: 43. 1977.
Common Names: Corde à violon, Liane à corde (Lesser Antilles). Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
References: 1, 2, 7, 30, 32, 36, 58, 61, 75, 149, 151, 285, 301, 323, Reference: 45.
340. Metastelma stenoglossum Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 252.
Metastelma parviflorum Schltdl. ex Decne. = Metastelma decipiens 1899; Cynanchum stenoglossum (Schltr.) J. Jiménez Alm.,
Schltr. Rhodora 62: 238. 1960.
Metastelma pauciflorum (Griseb.) Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1:
References: 5, 7, 30, 149.
260. 1899; Astephanus cubensis Kunth var. pauciflorus Griseb.,
Pl. Wright. 2: 520. 1862; Cynanchum orientense Alain, Mem. Soc. Metastelma suberosum Griseb. = Metastelma parviflorum (Sw.) R. Br.
Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22: 120. 1955 (as a new name). ex Schult.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Metastelma tylophoroides Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 259. 1899.
References: 3, 30, 152. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Metastelma penicillatum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 174. 1866; Cynanchum References: 5, 7, 30.
penicillatum (Griseb.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Metastelma urbanianum Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 254. 1899;
Poey” 22: 118. 1955. Cynanchum urbanianum (Schltr.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22: 119. 1955.
Hispaniola. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Metastelma penicillatum Griseb. var. brachystephanum (Griseb.) Metastelma woodsonii Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov.; Enslenia jamaicensis
M. Gómez = Metastelma brachystephanum Griseb. Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 418. 1862; Roulinia jamaicensis (Griseb.)
Metastelma picardae Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 248. 1899; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2(2): 757. 1876; Rouliniella
Cynanchum picardae (Schltr.) J. Jiménez Alm., Rhodora 62: 238. jamaicensis (Griseb.) Rendle, J. Bot. 74: 340. 1936; Cynanchum
1960. jamaicense (Griseb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 210.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands 1941.
and Hispaniola. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Metastelma priorii Rendle, J. Bot. 74: 339. 1936; Cynanchum priorii Mitozus jamaicensis Miers = Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Hansen &
(Rendle) Stearn, Phytologia 21: 137. 1971. Wunderlin
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. *Neobracea acunana Lippold, Feddes Repert. 85: 611. 1974 [as
References: 2, 149. acunaiana].
Metastelma pubipetalum (Alain) S. Liede, Novon 7: 43. 1997; Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cynanchum pubipetalum Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. Reference: 149.
“Felipe Poey” 22: 118. 1955. *Neobracea angustifolia Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 462. 1926.
Astephanus cubensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 237. 1819, Reference: 3.
non Metastelma cubense Decne., 1844.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. *Neobracea bahamensis (Britton) Britton in N.L. Britton & C.F.
References: 3, 152. Millspaugh, Bahama Fl. 335. 1920; Bracea bahamensis Britton,
Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 448. 1905.
Metastelma readii Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 255. 1899; Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba.
Cynanchum readii (Schltr.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. References: 3, 45, 147, 149.
“Felipe Poey” 22: 119. 1955.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba and Lesser *Neobracea ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 242. 1924.
Antilles (Guadeloupe). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
number 9 8 • 49
*Neobracea howardii Woodson ex R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: Orthechites macnabii Urb. = Secondatia macnabii (Urb.) Woodson
125. 1947.
Orthosia acuminata Griseb. = Matelea acuminata (Griseb.) Woodson
Reference: 3. Orthosia oblongata Griseb. = Matelea oblongata (Griseb.) Woodson
*Neobracea martiana Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. Oxypetalum cordifolium (Vent.) Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1:
17: 22. 1972 [“1971”], var. martiana 269. 1899; Gothofreda cordifolia Vent., Choix Pl. 10: t. 60. 1808.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Reference: 149. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Mexico, Central America, and South
America.
*Neobracea martiana Borhidi & O. Muñiz var. robusta Borhidi &
References: 2, 3, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61.
O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 22. 1972 [“1971”].
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin, Taxon 35: 167.
References: 39, 149. 1986; Vinca lutea L., Cent. Pl. 2, 12. 1756; Urechites luteus (L.)
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 5: 316. 1907.
Cuba (39). Echites barbatus Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 30. 1825.
Echites domingensis Jacq., Collectanea 1: 73. 1787 [“1786”];
*Neobracea susannina Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 22.
Chariomma domingensis (Jacq.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 112.
1972 [“1971”].
1878.
Echites jamaicensis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 416. 1862; Angadenia
Reference: 149.
jamaicensis (Griseb.) Lippold, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ.
*Neobracea valenzuelana (A. Rich.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 241. 1924; Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 32: 881. 1983.
Echites valenzuelanus A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Echites neriandra Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 415. 1862; Urechites
Bot. 11: 93. 1850. neriandrus (Griseb.) Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1893: 262.
Mandevilla wrightiana Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2(2): 727. 1876. 1893.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Echites suberectus Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 13. 1760.
Common Names: Meloncillo, Palo rosa (Cuba). Mitozus jamaicensis Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 225. 1878.
References: 3, 30, 132, 147, 351. Urechites dolichanthus Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 38. 1909.
Nerium divaricatum L. = Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Urechites jamaicensis Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 112. 1878.
Roem. & Schult. Urechites luteus (L.) Britton var. angustifolia Ekman & Helwig, Ark.
Bot. 22A(10): 46. 1929.
Nerium oleander L., Sp. Pl. 209. 1753. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix,
Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser (Anguilla, Guadeloupe, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius,
Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Martin, St. Vincent), and United States (FL).
Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and Margarita. Common Names: Ahoga vaca, Babeiro Amarillo, Bejuco ahoga vaca,
Common Names: Common oleander (Bahamas), Adelfa, Adelfa Bejuco de cacadito, Curamagüey (Dominican Republic), Corne a
sangre de toro, Adelfa varadero, Rosa francesa (Cuba), Rosa del cabrit, Corne a cabrite, Corne cabrits (Haiti).
Perú (Pirú), Adelfa, Flor del Perú, Martinica, Perulí (Dominican References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 30, 32, 35, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 147, 149,
Republic), Laurier, Laurier blanc, Laurier des jardines, Laurier rose, 150, 152, 338, 340.
Laurier tropical (Haiti), Lówyé wouj, Oleander (Lesser Antilles),
Adelfa, Alhelí extranjero, Laurel rosado, Oleander (Puerto Rico). Philibertia clausa (Jacq.) K. Schum. = Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schltr.
References: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 224, 323, 340. Pinochia corymbosa (Jacq.) M.E. Endress & B.F. Hansen, Edinburgh
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. J. Bot. 64: 271. 2007, subsp. corymbosa; Echites corymbosus
Odontadenia macrantha (Roem. & Schult.) Markgr., Meded. Afd. Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 13. 1760; Forsteronia corymbosa (Jacq.)
Handelsmus. Kolon. Inst. 30: 461. 1937; Echites macranthus G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 134. 1818.
Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 795. 1819. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Odontadenia grandiflora (G. Mey.) Miq., Stirp. Surinam. Select. 166. Hispaniola.
1851; Echites grandiflorus G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 131. 1818. References: 3, 5, 7, 149.
Distribution: Cultivated in Lesser Antilles; native to Trinidad, Mexico, Pinochia corymbosa (Jacq.) M.E. Endress & B.F. Hansen subsp.
Central America, and South America. portoricensis (Woodson) M.E. Endress & B.F. Hansen, Edinburgh
References: 1, 147, 301. J. Bot. 64: 272. 2007; Forsteronia portoricensis Woodson, Ann.
Note: Reported by World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (147) as Missouri Bot. Gard. 21: 618. 1934.
occurring on Cuba and Puerto Rico, but not known to us from Forsteronia corymbosa sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 291.
any collection or bibliographical reference. 1881, non (Jacq.) G. Mey.
Odontadenia polyneura (Urb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. Thyrsanthus pyriformis Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 100. 1878.
18: 546. 1931; Rhabdadenia polyneura Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 337. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
1912 [spelled as Odontonema by Liogier (7)]. References: 32, 58, 61, 149.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Pinochia floribunda (Sw.) M.E. Endress & B.F. Hansen, Edinburgh
Common Name: Tumba gente (Dominican Republic). J. Bot. 64: 272. 2007; Echites floribundus Sw., Prodr. 52. 1788;
References: 5, 7, 30, 123, 149. Forsteronia floribunda (Sw.) G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 135. 1818.
Odontostigma galeottianum A. Rich. = Stemmadenia litoralis (Kunth) Forsteronia alexandri Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 412. 1862.
L. Allorge Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica.
References: 2, 3, 36, 147, 149, 151, 156.
Plumeria alba L., Sp. Pl. 210. 1753. Plumeria stenophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 237. 1924.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native in Puerto Rico, Virgin Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, Common Name: Lirio de costa (Cuba).
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, References: 3, 30, 132, 339.
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
Plumeria gibbosa Urb. = Plumeria tuberculata Lodd.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy,
St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent). Plumeria inaguensis Britton = Plumeria obtusa L.
Common Names: Caterpillar tree, Frangipani blanc, Frangipanier, Plumeria jaegeri Müll. Arg. = Plumeria subsessilis A. DC.
Jasmine, Pigeon wood, Wild frangipani (Lesser Antilles), Alhelí,
Alhelí blanco, Alhelí cimarrón, Tabaiba, Tabeiba, Tapaiba (Puerto Plumeria jamaicensis Britton = Plumeria obtusa L.
Rico). Plumeria krugii Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 387. 1899.
References: 1, 19, 58, 61, 75, 131, 340. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Plumeria bahamensis Urb. = Plumeria obtusa L. References: 30, 58, 61.
Plumeria barahonensis Urb. = Plumeria obtusa L. Plumeria lanata Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 504. 1915. Type.
Cuba, Baracoa, Underwood & Earle 1442 (NY).
Plumeria berteroi A. DC. = Plumeria subsessilis A. DC. Plumeria pilosula Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 238. 1924.
Plumeria biglandulosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 337. 1902. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). References: 3, 30, 147, 339.
References: 5, 7, 30, 337. Plumeria longiflora Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 38. 1926.
Note: Woodson (337) considered this taxon to be a hybrid between Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
P. obtusa and P. subsessilis. References: 5, 7, 337.
Plumeria casildensis Urb. = Plumeria trinitensis Britton Note: Woodson (337) considered this taxon to be a hybrid between
P. obtusa and P. subsessilis.
Plumeria cayensis Urb. = Plumeria obtusa L.
Plumeria magna Zanoni & M.M. Mejía, Moscosoa 5: 89. 1989.
Plumeria clusioides Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 171. 1866. Type. Cuba.
Wright 2953 (Holotype: GOET; Isotypes: NY, US).
Common Names: Alelí, Palo de gusano (Dominican Republic).
Common Name: Lirio de sabana (Cuba).
References: 3, 132, 339. Plumeria marchii Urb. = Plumeria obtusa L.
Plumeria clusioides Griseb. var. parviflora M. Gómez = Plumeria Plumeria montana Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 46.
ekmanii Urb. 1923. Type. Cuba. Sierra Maestra, León 11000 (NY).
Plumeria confusa Britton = Plumeria obtusa L.
References: 3, 339.
Plumeria cubensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 219. 1925.
Plumeria nipensis Britton = Plumeria obtusa L.
Type. Cuba. Ekman 16448 (S).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Plumeria obtusa L., Sp. Pl. 210. 1753.
References: 3, 147, 339. Plumeria apiculata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 36. 1919.
Plumeria bahamensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 387. 1899.
Plumeria cuneifolia Helwig = Plumeria obtusa L.
Plumeria barahonensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 341.
Plumeria dictyophylla Urb. = Plumeria venosa Britton 1916.
Plumeria discolor Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 36. 1926. Plumeria cayensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 218. 1925.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Plumeria confusa Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 505. 1915.
References: 5, 7, 337. Plumeria cubensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 219. 1925.
Note: Woodson (337) considered this taxon to be a hybrid between Plumeria cuneifolia Helwig, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 44. 1929.
P. obtusa and P. subsessilis. Plumeria estrellensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 240. 1924.
Plumeria inaguensis Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 448. 1905.
Plumeria domingensis Urb. = Plumeria tuberculata Lodd. Plumeria jamaicensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 356. 1910.
Plumeria ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 239. 1924. Type. Cuba, Plumeria marchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 334. 1902.
Oriente, Baracoa. Ekman 3985 (S). Plumeria nipensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 505. 1915.
Plumeria clusioides Griseb. var. parviflora M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Plumeria portoricensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 387. 1899.
Hist. Nat. 23: 273. 1894. Plumeria versicolor Dehnh., Cat. Horti Camald., ed. 2, 23. 1832.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
References: 3, 30, 147, 339. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Central America.
Common Names: Frangipanni (Bahamas), Lirio de playa, Lirio morado,
Plumeria emarginata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 171. 1866. Type. Cuba.
Súcheli blanco, Súcheli, Lirio amarillo (Cuba), Alelí, Flor de cerro,
Wright 2951 (GOET).
Palo de cerro (Dominican Republic), Franchipanier, Frangipagne,
Frangipanier, Frasoigne (Haiti), Alhelí cimarrón, Alhelí de la
mona, Alhelí montuno (Puerto Rico).
Plumeria emarginata Griseb. var. sericifolia M. Gómez = Plumeria References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 134, 147, 149,
tuberculata Lodd. 150, 339, 340.
Plumeria estrellensis Urb. = Plumeria obtusa L. Plumeria obtusa L. var. sericifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Woodson =
Plumeria filifolia Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 519. 1862. Type. Cuba, Wright Plumeria sericifolia C. Wright ex Griseb.
1660 (GOET). Plumeria paulinae Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 336. 1902.
number 9 8 • 51
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Note: Woodson (337) considered this taxon to be a hybrid between
References: 5, 7, 30, 337. P. obtusa and P. subsessilis.
Note: Woodson (337) considered this taxon to be a hybrid between Plumeria tuberculata Lodd., Bot. Cab. 7: t. 681. 1822.
P. obtusa and P. subsessilis. Plumeria domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 338. 1902.
Plumeria pilosula Urb. = Plumeria lanata Britton Plumeria emarginata Griseb. var. sericifolia M. Gómez, Anales Soc.
Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 273. 1894.
Plumeria portoricensis Urb. = Plumeria obtusa L.
Plumeria gibbosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 338. 1902.
Plumeria pudica Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 13. 1760. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands and Margarita; native to Hispaniola.
Central America and South America. Common Names: Alelí, Frangipane, Atabaiba (Dominican Republic),
References: 4, 147, 323. Frangipanier épineux (Haiti).
Plumeria rubra L., Sp. Pl. 209. 1753. References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 45, 123, 339.
Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Plumeria tuberculata Lodd. subsp. sericifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.)
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Borhidi = Plumeria sericifolia C. Wright ex Griseb.
Plumeria venosa Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 506. 1915. Type.
(Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Cuba. Sevilla, Guama river Taylor 93 (NY).
Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin,
Plumeria dictyophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 239. 1924.
St. Vincent), Trinidad, and Margarita.
Plumeria leuconeura Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 8. 1927.
Common Names: Red plumeria, Spanish jasmine, Red frangipanni
(Bahamas), Frangipani, Flor de mayo, Súcheli (Cuba), Atabaiba
References: 3, 30, 134, 147, 339.
rosada, Frangipane (Dominican Republic), Frangipanier rouge,
Frangipanier rose (Haiti), Frangipani (Jamaica), Frangipani, Plumeria versicolor Dehnh. = Plumeria obtusa L.
Frangipanier rouge, Laurier rouge bâtard (Lesser Antilles), Alhelí Poicilla acuminata (Griseb.) Schltr. = Matelea acuminata (Griseb.)
rojo, Alhelí (Puerto Rico). Woodson
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 224, 323,
339, 340. Poicilla costata Urb. = Matelea costata (Urb.) Morillo var. costata
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Poicilla mollis (Griseb.) Schltr. = Matelea mollis (Griseb.) Woodson
Plumeria sericifolia C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 171. 1866. Poicilla oblongata (Griseb.) Schltr. = Matelea oblongata (Griseb.)
Plumeria obtusa L. var. sericifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Woodson
Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 214. 1937 [“1938”];
Poicilla ovatifolia Griseb. = Matelea ovatifolia (Griseb.) Woodson
Plumeria tuberculata Lodd. subsp. sericifolia (C. Wright ex
Griseb.) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 26. 1975. Poicilla tamnifolia Griseb. = Matelea tamnifolia (Griseb.) Woodson
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Poicillopsis crispiflora Urb. = Matelea crispiflora (Urb.) J. Jiménez Alm.
Common Name: Lirio de costa (Cuba).
References: 3, 124, 132, 147, 150, 309, 339. Poicillopsis ovatifolia (Griseb.) Schltr. = Matelea ovatifolia (Griseb.)
Woodson
Plumeria stenopetala Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 335. 1902, var.
stenopetala Poicillopsis tuerckheimii Schltr. = Matelea constanzana J. Jiménez Alm.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Prestonia quinquangularis (Jacq.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 637.
Common Names: Frangipane (Dominican Republic), Frangipanier 1824 [“1825”]; Echites quinquangularis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 13.
marron (Haiti). 1760.
References: 5, 7, 30, 123. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, St.
Plumeria stenopetala Urb. var. angustissima Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 50. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, and northern South America.
1921. References: 1, 147, 301.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Ptycanthera berteroi Decne. = Matelea pauciflora (Spreng.) Woodson
Reference: 149.
Ptycanthera mollis (Griseb.) Schltr. = Matelea mollis (Griseb.) Woodson
Plumeria stenophylla Urb. = Plumeria filifolia Griseb.
Ptycanthera oblongata (Griseb.) Schltr. = Matelea oblongata (Griseb.)
Plumeria subsessilis A. DC., Prodr. 8: 393. 1844. Woodson
Plumeria berteroi A. DC., Prodr. 8: 393. 1844.
Ptycanthera ovatifolia (Griseb.) Schltr. = Matelea ovatifolia (Griseb.)
Plumeria jaegeri Müll. Arg., Linnaea 30: 397. 1860.
Woodson
Common Names: Alelí, Frangipane (Dominican Republic), Frangipagne Rauvolfia biauriculata Müll. Arg., Linnaea 30: 396. 1860.
blanche, Frangipanier, Frangipanier marron (Haiti). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
References: 5, 7, 123, 147. Guadeloupe), and Trinidad.
Common Names: Bois-lait-montagne, Bois pisant (Lesser Antilles).
Plumeria trinitensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 506. 1915.
References: 1, 3, 7, 301.
Type. Cuba, Trinidad. Britton & Wilson 5514 (NY).
Plumeria casildensis Urb., Feddes. Repert. 21: 218. 1925. Rauvolfia canescens L. = Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Rauvolfia cubana A. DC., Prodr. 8: 339. 1844.
Plumeria trouinensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 37. 1926. Common Names: Cafetillo, Lechuguilla, Lirio de costa, Víbona (Cuba).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). References: 3, 123.
References: 5, 7, 337. Rauvolfia hirsuta Jacq. = Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.
Rauvolfia x ivanovii Granda & V.R. Fuentes, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba, Margarita, and South
Univ. Habana 6(3): 2. 1986 [“1985”]. America.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Palo de leche (Dominican Republic), Balsam,
Reference: 149. Bellyache bush, Milk tree, Sassafras, Ti bois-lait (Lesser Antilles).
Rauvolfia lamarckii A. DC. = Rauvolfia viridis Willd. ex Roem. & References: 1, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 123, 323, 301.
Schult. Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel., Stirp. Guinea Med. 1. 1817.
Rauvolfia lanceolata A. DC. = Rauvolfia nitida Jacq. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Africa.
Rauvolfia ligustrina Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 805.
1819. Rhabdadenia berteroi (A. DC.) Müll. Arg. = Angadenia berteroi
Rauvolfia ternifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland (A. DC.) Miers
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 232. 1819. Rhabdadenia biflora (Jacq.) Müll. Arg. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and 6(1): 175. 1860; Echites biflorus Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 13. 1760.
South America. Rhabdadenia paludosa (Vahl) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 119. 1878.
References: 3, 147, 301, 323. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Rauvolfia linearifolia Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles
94. 1920. (Antigua, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Vincent), Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central America, and
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Common Names: Mangrove swamp vine (Bahamas), Bejuco de
Cuba (39). manglar, Bejuco de mangle, Mejuco de mangle, Palo de leche
(Dominican Republic), Bejuce manglar, Caoutchouc (Haiti).
Rauvolfia nitida Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 14. 1760. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 301.
Rauvolfia lanceolata A. DC., Prodr. 8: 337. 1844.
Rauvolfia tetraphylla sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico Rhabdadenia cubensis Müll. Arg. = Angadenia berteroi (A. DC.) Miers
& Virgin Islands 6: 90. 1925, non L. Rhabdadenia lindeniana Müll. Arg. = Angadenia lindeniana (Müll.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, Arg.) Miers
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix,
Rhabdadenia paludosa (Vahl) Miers = Rhabdadenia biflora (Jacq.)
St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe,
Müll. Arg.
Martinique, St. Kitts), and Margarita.
Common Names: Smooth rauvolfia (Bahamas), Alelí, Hueso de tortuga, Rhabdadenia polyneura Urb. = Odontadenia polyneura (Urb.)
Huevo de gallo, Huevo de toro, Lechoso, Lechuga, Lirio de monte, Woodson
Malambo (Cuba), Palo de leche, Palo de leche chiquito, Palo de Rhabdadenia sagrae (A. DC.) Müll. Arg. = Angadenia berteroi (A. DC.)
sabana, Palo del rey (Dominican Republic), Bois lait, Bois lait Miers
femelle, Bois saisisement (Haiti), Glasswood (Jamaica), Cachimbo,
Muñeco, Palo amargo, Palo de muñeco (Puerto Rico). Roulinia jamaicensis (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. = Metastelma
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 30, 41, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 147, woodsonii Acev.-Rodr.
301, 323, 340. Rouliniella jamaicensis (Griseb.) Rendle = Metastelma woodsonii
Rauvolfia oppositifolia Spreng. = Tabernaemontana oppositifolia Acev.-Rodr.
(Spreng.) Urb. Sarcostemma clausum (Jacq.) Schult. = Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schltr.
Rauvolfia salicifolia Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 519. 1862. Schollia viminalis (Sw.) J. Jacq. = Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schltr.
Secamone occidentalis Spreng. = Metastelma occidentale (Spreng.) Alain
Common Names: Corazón de paloma, Hilacho, Lechero, Lirio de
paredón (Cuba). Secondatia macnabii (Urb.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19:
References: 3, 132. 385. 1932; Orthechites macnabii Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 37. 1909.
Rauvolfia strempelioides Griseb. = Strempeliopsis strempelioides
(Griseb.) Benth.
Seutera angustifolia (Pers.) Fishbein & W.D. Stevens, Novon 15: 532.
Rauvolfia tetraphylla L., Sp. Pl. 208. 1753; Rauvolfia canescens L., Sp.
2005; Cynanchum angustifolium Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 274. 1805.
Pl., ed. 2, 303. 1762, nom. superfl.
Amphistelma salinarum C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 175.
Rauvolfia hirsuta Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 14. 1760.
1866; Vincetoxicum salinarum (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Benth. &
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 762. 1876; Metastelma salinarum (C. Wright
St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
ex Griseb.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Habana 7: 105. 1870; Cynanchum salinarum (Griseb.) Alain,
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 147, 301.
Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22: 120. 1955.
Rauvolfia tetraphylla sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Rauvolfia nitida Jacq. Metastelma palustre (Pursh) Schltr. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 258.
Rauvolfia viridis Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 805. 1819. 1899.
Rauvolfia lamarckii A. DC., Prodr. 8: 337. 1844. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, North
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, America, and Mexico.
St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser References: 3, 4, 30, 40, 45, 151, 152.
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Stapelia gigantea N. E. Br., Gard. Chron. ser. 2, 7: 684, 693. 1877.
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola; native to Africa.
Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, Reference: 159.
number 9 8 • 53
Stemmadenia bella Miers = Stemmadenia litoralis (Kunth) L. Allorge Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius,
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent).
Stemmadenia galeottiana (A. Rich.) Miers = Stemmadenia litoralis
Common Names: Huevo de gallo, Huevo de perro, Lechoso, Palo de
(Kunth) L. Allorge
leche, Pegojo, Pijojo, Pitiminí (Cuba), Leteuil, Palo de leche, Palo
Stemmadenia litoralis (Kunth) L. Allorge, Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., de leche macho (Dominican Republic), Bois lait, Bois lait male
ser. B, Bot. 30: 48. 1985. (Haiti), Bois-lait, Bois pissant, Bwa lét, Milk bush, Milk tree
Odontostigma galeottianum A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, (Lesser Antilles), Palo lechoso, Pegoge (Puerto Rico).
Bot. 11: 87. 1850; Stemmadenia galeottiana (A. Rich.) Miers, References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 45, 58, 75, 107, 123, 131, 132, 150.
Apocyn. S. Amer. 76. 1878.
Tabernaemontana citrifolia sensu Bello = Tabernaemontana
Stemmadenia bella Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 77. 1878.
oppositifolia (Spreng.) Urb.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to Mexico, Central
America, and South America. Tabernaemontana coronaria (Jacq.) Willd. = Tabernaemontana
References: 3, 5, 147, 161, 351. divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.
Stephanotis longiflora (A. Rich.) Benth. = Marsdenia longiflora A. Rich. Tabernaemontana discolor Sw. = Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.)
R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.
Stephanotis vinciflora (Griseb.) Benth. = Marsdenia vinciflora Griseb.
Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg.
*Strempeliopsis arborea Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 461. 1908.
4: 427. 1819; Nerium divaricatum L., Sp. Pl. 209. 1753.
Tabernaemontana coronaria (Jacq.) Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 275. 1809.
Common Name: Gutterwood (Jamaica).
Tabernaemontana discolor Sw., Prodr. 52. 1788.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Virgin
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, Virgin Gorda).
Species.
Common Names: Jazmín, Jazmín de Malabar, Jazmín Malabar
Strempeliopsis cubensis M. Gómez = Strempeliopsis strempelioides (Dominican Republic), Caprice (Haiti), Jazmín doble (Puerto
(Griseb.) Benth. Rico).
*Strempeliopsis strempelioides (Griseb.) Benth. in G. Bentham & J.D. References: 2, 5, 7, 58, 61, 107, 123, 131, 150, 228.
Hooker, Gen. Pl. 2: 702. 1876; Rauvolfia strempelioides Griseb., Tabernaemontana glaucescens Urb. = Tabernaemontana wullschlaegelii
Cat. Pl. Cub. 170. 1866. Griseb.
Strempeliopsis cubensis M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 273.
Tabernaemontana lactea Urb. = Tabernaemontana wullschlaegelii
1894.
Griseb.
Common Names: Palo boniato, Palo moniato (Cuba). Tabernaemontana laurifolia L., Sp. Pl. 210. 1753.
References: 3, 124, 132, 147. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands
and Jamaica.
Strophanthus gratus Baill., Hist. Pl. 10: 171. 1888.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.
Common Name: Estrofanto (Puerto Rico). Tabernaemontana ochroleuca Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 34. 1909.
References: 4, 5, 7, 32, 58, 131. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 2, 30, 107, 427.
Tabernaemontana alba Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Tabernaemontana amblyocarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 463. 1908.
Species.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South
America. Tabernaemontana oppositifolia (Spreng.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 493.
References: 3, 30, 107, 150. 1910; Rauvolfia oppositifolia Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk.
3: 33. 1822.
Tabernaemontana amblyocarpa Urb. = Tabernaemontana alba Mill.
Anabata odorata sensu Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 582. 1824
Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 14. 1760. [“1825”], non Roem. & Schult.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Margarita, Mexico, Central Tabernaemontana berteroi A. DC., Prodr. 8: 367. 1844.
America, and South America. Tabernaemontana citrifolia sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10:
References: 7, 107, 323. 291. 1881, non Jacq.
Tabernaemontana apoda C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico; reported from Tobago (301).
Méd. Habana 7: 103. 1870. References: 30, 61, 75, 147, 107, 301, 340, 427.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
References: 3, 39, 107, 427. Species.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora Tabernaemontana ovalifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 462. 1908.
of Cuba (39) and critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Threatened Species. References: 2, 30, 107, 427.
Tabernaemontana berteroi A. DC. = Tabernaemontana oppositifolia Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
(Spreng.) Urb. Species.
Tabernaemontana calcicola Urb. = Tabernaemontana wullschlaegelii Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 229. 1792.
Griseb. Ervatamia cumingiana (A. DC.) Markgr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-
Dahlem 12: 547. 1935.
Tabernaemontana citrifolia L., Sp. Pl. 210. 1753. Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Saba, St. Lucia);
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser native to southeast Asia, Malesia, and Pacific Region.
Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, References: 1, 147, 294.
Tabernaemontana rendlei Stearn = Tabernaemontana wullschlaegelii Vincetoxicum salinarum (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. =
Griseb. Seutera angustifolia (Pers.) Fishbein & W.D. Stevens
Tabernaemontana wullschlaegelii Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 409. 1861. Vincetoxicum sintenisii (Schltr.) Britton = Matelea sintenisii (Schltr.)
Tabernaemontana calcicola Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: Woodson
472. 1915. Vincetoxicum stephanotrichum (Griseb.) Britton = Gonolobus
Tabernaemontana glaucescens Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 35. 1909. stephanotrichus Griseb.
Tabernaemontana lactea Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 34. 1909.
Tabernaemontana rendlei Stearn, J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 618. 1971. Vincetoxicum variifolia (Schltr.) Britton = Matelea variifolia (Schltr.)
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Woodson
References: 2, 30, 107, 147, 149, 427. Vincetoxicum viridiflorum G. Mey. = Matelea denticulata (Vahl)
Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Fontella & E.A. Schwarz
Species.
Tainionema occidentale (Spreng.) Schltr. = Metastelma occidentale
(Spreng.) Alain aPODANTHAceae
Thevetia neriifolia Juss. ex Steud. = Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0.
Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. = Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold Taxa. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0.
Thevetia thevetia (L.) H. Karst. = Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold Pilostyles globosa (S. Wats.) Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31: 311. 1896.
Thyrsanthus corylifolius Griseb. = Forsteronia spicata G. Mey. Distribution: Native in Cayman Islands, Jamaica, and Mexico.
Thyrsanthus pyriformis Miers = Pinochia corymbosa (Jacq.) M.E.
Endress & B.F. Hansen subsp. portoricensis (Woodson) M.E.
Endress & B.F. Hansen
Aquifoliaceae
Thyrsanthus wilsonii Griseb. = Forsteronia wilsonii (Griseb.) Woodson
Tylodontia cubensis Griseb. = Metastelma decipiens Schltr. Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0.
Tylophora asthmatica (L. f.) Wight & Arn. = Tylophora indica Merr.
Tylophora indica Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 19: 373. 1921. Ilex alainii T.R. Dudley = Ilex victorinii Alain
Tylophora asthmatica (L. f.) Wight & Arn., Contr. Bot. India 51. 1834. Ilex azuensis Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 516. 1913. Type.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Grenadines, Dominican Republic. Fuertes 1868.
Guadeloupe, St. Lucia); native to tropical Asia and Malesia. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Urechites dolichanthus Urb. = Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Hansen & Ilex bahiahondica (Loes.) P.A. González, Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A.
Wunderlin Pl. Vasc. 9(1): 22. 2004; Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. subsp.
Urechites jamaicensis Miers = Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Hansen & bahiahondica (Loes.) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 58: 176. 1971; Ilex
Wunderlin nitida (Vahl) Maxim. var. bahiahondica Loes. in I. Urban, Symb.
Antill. 9: 73. 1923.
Urechites luteus (L.) Britton = Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Hansen & Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Wunderlin References: 156, 195, 257.
Urechites luteus (L.) Britton var. angustifolia Ekman & Helwig = Ilex baracoensis Borhidi = Ilex hypaneura Loes.
Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin
Ilex barahonica Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 518. 1913.
Urechites neriandrus (Griseb.) Rolfe = Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Hansen & Wunderlin References: 7, 156, 257.
Vallesia antillana Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24: 13. 1937. Ilex berteroi Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 320. 1892. Type. Dominican
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, United Republic. Bertero s.n. (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: GDC, M).
States (FL). Ilex berteroi Loes. var. buchiana Loes., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 16. 1929.
References: 2, 3, 7, 45, 150. Syntypes. Haiti. Massif du Nord. Ekman H-4950 (B †; S); Ekman
Vallesia montana Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 334. 1912. H-8528 (B †, S).
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native in Cuba and Ilex berteroi Loes. var. ovalifolia Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7:
Hispaniola. 272. 1912. Lectotype. Cuba, Sierra Moa. Shafer 8046 (GH),
References: 3, 5, 7, 30. designated by González Gutiérrez.
Vinca lutea L. = Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin
Hispaniola.
Vinca rosea L. = Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don References: 7, 30, 131, 257.
Vincetoxicum acuminatum (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Matelea acuminata Ilex berteroi Loes. var. buchiana Loes. = Ilex berteroi Loes.
(Griseb.) Woodson
Ilex berteroi Loes. var. ovalifolia Loes. = Ilex berteroi Loes.
Vincetoxicum oblongatum (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Matelea oblongata
Ilex blancheana Judd, Rhodora 88: 436. 1986. Type. Haiti. Massif de
(Griseb.) Woodson
la Selle. Judd 4403 (Holotype: FLAS; Isotypes: A, EHH, S).
Vincetoxicum pubescens sensu O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins = Metastelma Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
decipiens Schltr. Reference: 257.
number 9 8 • 55
Ilex caroliniana (Walter) Trel. var. fuertesiana Loes. = Ilex fuertesiana Ilex duarteensis Loes., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 181. 1933.
(Loes.) Loes. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
References: 7, 257.
Ilex cassine L., Sp. Pl. 125. 1753. Lectotype. United States. Casteby,
1730. Nat. Hist. Carolina 1: tab. 31, designated by González Ilex ekmaniana Loes. = Ilex obcordata Sw. var. obcordata
Gutiérrez & Sierra Calzado (195). Ilex ekmaniana Loes. var. regnelliana Loes. = Ilex obcordata Sw. var.
Ilex cassine L. var. latifolia Aiton, Hortus Kew. 1: 170. 1789. obcordata
Ilex lanceolata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 56. 1866, not Chapm., 1860; Ilex
wrightii Trel., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 5: 349. 1889 [as a new Ilex eoa Alain, Candollea 17: 117. 1960.
name].Type. Cuba. Wright 2217 (Holotype: GOET; Isotype: NY). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and North America. References: 152, 156, 257.
Common Names: Dahoon holly (Bahamas), Lanilla blanca, Vigueta de Ilex florifera Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 59: 18. 1921.
naranjo, Vigueta naranja, Vigueta naranjo, Yanilla blanca (Cuba). Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 3, 45, 124, 132, 156, 257. References: 2, 156, 257, 427.
Ilex cassine L. var. latifolia Aiton = Ilex cassine L. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Ilex cassine sensu Liogier = Ilex guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze Ilex formonica Loes. = Ilex obcordata Sw. var. obcordata
Ilex celastroides sensu Griseb. = Ilex hypaneura Loes. Ilex fuertesiana (Loes.) Loes., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 14. 1929; Ilex
caroliniana (Walter) Trel. var. fuertesiana Loes. in I. Urban, Symb.
Ilex charrascosensis T.R. Dudley = Ilex manitzii P.A. González Antill. 7: 272. 1912. Type. Dominican Republic. Fuertes 1373.
Ilex clementis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 78. Ilex fuertesiana (Loes.) Loes. var. selleana Loes., Ark. Bot. 22A(10):
1920. Type. Cuba. León & Clemente 6645 (Holotype: NY; 15. 1929. Lectotype. Haiti. Ekman H-1417 (S), designated by
Isotypes: GH, HAC). González Gutíerrez (257).
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Hispaniola. References: 7, 30, 257.
References: 3, 5, 7, 156, 257. Ilex fuertesiana (Loes.) Loes. var. selleana Loes. = Ilex fuertesiana
Ilex cookii Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin (Loes.) Loes.
Islands 6: 357. 1926. Type: Puerto Rico. Gleason & Cook P-19 Ilex grisebachii Maxim. = Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. var. repanda
(Holotype: NY; Isotype: NY). (Griseb.) P.A. González
References: 58, 156, 257, 427, 633. Ilex grisebachii Maxim. var. haitiensis Loes. = Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim.
Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and var. repandoides (Loes.) P.A. González
critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Ilex grisebachii Maxim. var. nipensis Loes. = Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim.
Ilex coriacea Alain = Ilex hypaneura Loes. var. repandoides (Loes.) P.A. González
Ilex cristalensis Loes. = Ilex obcordata Sw. var. obcordata Ilex guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 113. 1891;
Macoucoua guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 88. 1775.
Ilex cubana Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 314. 1892. Ilex guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze var. cuencensis Loes., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Ilex lindenii Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 323. 1892. Regni Veg. 33: 180. 1933.
Ilex nannophylla Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: Ilex macoucoua Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 152. 1805; Ilex guianensis (Aubl.)
308. 1977 [“1976”]. Kuntze var. macoucoua (Pers.) Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1:
Ilex nunezii Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 11. 1972 [“1971”]. 346. 1899.
Ilex turquinensis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Ilex pseudomacoucoua Loes., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 180.
Salle” 12: 3. 1953. 1933.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Ilex cassine sensu Liogier, Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent
Hispaniola. islands. Vol. 3: 15. 1994, non. L.
References: 3, 5, 7, 131, 149, 156, 257. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Mexico,
Ilex cubana Loes. var. tiburonica Loes. = Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Central America, and South America.
Griseb. subsp. occidentalis (Macfad.) P.A. González Common Name: Maconcona (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 7, 30, 58, 61, 131, 151, 257, 301, 306, 340.
Ilex dioica (Vahl) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 147. 1859; Prinos dioicus Vahl,
Eclog. Amer. 2: 25. 1798. Lectotype. Montserrat, L. Antilles, Ryan Ilex guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze var. cuencensis Loes. = Ilex guianensis
s.n. (C), designated by González Gutíerrez (257). (Aubl.) Kuntze
Ilex dioica (Vahl) Griseb. var. gracilior Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 320. Ilex guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze var. macoucoua (Pers.) Loes. = Ilex
1892. Type. St. Vincent, L. Antilles. H.H. Smith 1563 (Isotype: NY). guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Vincent), Trinidad, and Ilex gundlachiana Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 269. 1912.
Venezuela. Lectotype. Cuba, Holguín. Shafer 8067 (NY), designated by
Common Names: Citronnier-montage (Lesser Antilles). González Gutíerrez (257).
References: 1, 3, 7, 30, 45, 58, 131, 156, 195, 254, 257. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 30, 156, 257.
Ilex dioica sensu A. Stahl = Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. var. nitida
Ilex harrisii Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 346. 1899. Lectotype.
Ilex dioica (Vahl) Griseb. var. gracilior Loes. = Ilex nitida (Vahl) Jamaica. Harris 5673 (K), designated by González Gutíerrez (257).
Maxim. var. nitida Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Ilex dodonaea L. = Comocladia dodonaea (L.) Urb. (Anacardiaceae). References: 2, 30, 257, 427.
Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Ilex montana (Sw.) Griseb. var. occidentalis Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
Species. 15: 313. 1893; Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder var. occidentalis
(Loes.) Moscoso, Cat. Fl. Domingensis 1: 331. 1943, nom. illeg.
Ilex hypaneura Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 321. 1892.
Prinos montanus Sw., Prodr. 58. 1788; Ilex montana (Sw.) Griseb.,
Ilex baracoensis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 47. 1979.
Fl. Brit. W. I. 147. 1859. Lectotype. Jamaica. Swartz s.n. (S),
Ilex celastroides sensu Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 172. 1860, non Kunth ex
designated by González Gutíerrez & Sierra Calzado (195).
Garcke.
Ilex tuerckheimii Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 268. 1912. Type.
Ilex coriacea Alain, Candollea 17: 117. 1960.
Dominican Republic. Constanza. Tuerckheim 3188c (NY).
Ilex hypaneura Loes. var. nudicaylx Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
Ilex tuerckheimii Loes. var. constanzae Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill.
25: 47. 1979.
7: 269. 1912. Type. Dominican Republic. Constanza. Tuerckheim
Ilex pubipetala Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 70. 1923.
3188c (Holotype: B, †; Isotypes: NY, M).
Ilex subavenia Alain, Phytologia 8: 369. 1962.
Ilex tuerckheimii Loes. var. subalpina Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill.
Ilex walsinghamii R.A. Howard, Brittonia 38: 14. 1986.
7: 269. 1912. Type. Dominican Republic. Constanza. Tuerckheim
Ilex wrightii Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 322. 1863.
3433 (B, †).
References: 3, 30, 152, 156, 195, 257.
Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.
Note: Erroneously reported for Puerto Rico by Liogier (1994).
Common Names: Palo blanco (Dominican Republic), Feuilles houx,
Ilex hypaneura Loes. var. nudicaylx Borhidi = Ilex hypaneura Loes. Houx, Petit houx (Haiti), Acebo de sierra (Puerto Rico).
Ilex hypaneura sensu Liogier = Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. subsp. References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 30, 58, 61, 131, 132, 152, 156, 257.
sideroxyloides Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder var. caribaea Stehlé & L. Quentin =
Ilex impressa Ekman & Loes., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 179. Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder subsp. ovata (Griseb.) Nicolson
1933. Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder var. domingensis (Loes.) Moscoso
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). = Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder subsp. macfadyenii var.
References: 7, 156, 257. macfadyenii
Ilex jamaicana Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 24. 1967. Type. Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder subsp. macfadyenii var. moana
Jamaica. Proctor 19738 (Holotype: UCWI; Isotypes: GH, NY). (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) P.A. González, Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(2):
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. 442. 2007; Ilex moana Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
References: 2, 156, 257, 427. Hung. 17: 12. 1972 [“1971”]. Type. Cuba, Guantánamo. López
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Figueiras 632 (Holotype: HAC; Isotypes: HAC, HAJB).
Species. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Ilex krugiana Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 317. 1892, var. krugiana Reference: 257.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and United Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder subsp. macfadyenii var. puberula
States (FL). (Proctor) Edwin ex P.A. González, Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(2): 443.
Common Names: Krug’s holly (Bahamas), Palo blanco, Palo de burro 2007; Ilex puberula Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 26.
(Dominican Republic), Lombay (Haiti). 1967. Type. Jamaica. Proctor 15547 (Holotype: UCWI; Isotypes:
References: 7, 45, 58, 123, 150, 156, 257, 306. BM, HAC).
Ilex krugiana Loes. f. paciportensis Loes. = Ilex krugiana Loes. var. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
paciportensis (Loes.) P.A. González References: 2, 257, 427.
Ilex krugiana Loes. var. paciportensis (Loes.) P.A. González, Harvard Species.
Pap. Bot. 12(2): 470. 2007; Ilex krugiana Loes. f. paciportensis
Loes., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 14. 1929. Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder var. occidentalis (Loes.) Moscoso = Ilex
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder subsp. macfadyenii var. macfadyenii
Reference: 257. Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder subsp. ovata (Griseb.) Nicolson,
Ilex lanceolata Griseb. = Ilex cassine L. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 77: 26. 1991; Ilex montana (Sw.) Griseb.
var. ovata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 147. 1859. Type. Dominica,
Ilex ligustrina Jacq. = Ilex vomitoria Aiton Imray s.n. (GOET).
Ilex ligustrina Jacq. f. ekmanii Loes. = Ilex vomitoria Aiton Ilex montana (Sw.) Griseb. var. orientalis Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15:
313. 1892. Syntypes. St. Kitts. Eggers 939, 1141 (B, †); Dominica.
Ilex ligustrina Jacq. f. parvifolia (Griseb. ex Loes.) Loes. = Ilex
Eggers 555, Ramage s.n. (B, †); Guadeloupe. Bertero et al. 54
vomitoria Aiton
(B, †), Guyon et al. s.n. (C.) - many more syntypes cited.
Ilex lindenii Loes. = Ilex cubana Loes. Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder var. caribaea Stehlé & L. Quentin, Fl.
Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 3: 215. 1922, Guadeloupe 2: 175. 1938.
subsp. macfadyenii var. macfadyenii: Prinos macfadyenii Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 541. 1842 [as a new name]; Prinos Martinique, Nevis, St. Kitts).
lanceolatus Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 206. 1837; Ilex montana Common names: Bois fourni, Citronnier montagne, Graines vert, Petit
(Sw.) Griseb. var. lanceolata (Macfad.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 147. citronnier, Pruneau, Ti citron (Lesser Antilles),
1859. Lectotype. Jamaica. Macfadyen s.n. (K), designated by References: 1, 257.
Bornstein in Howard (3). Ilex macoucoua Pers. = Ilex guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze
Ilex montana (Sw.) Griseb. var. domingensis Loes. in I. Urban, Symb.
Ilex macoucoua sensu A. Stahl = Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. var. nitida
Antill. 1: 345. 1899; Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder var.
domingensis (Loes.) Moscoso, Cat. Fl. Domingensis 1: 331. 1943. Ilex manitzii P.A. González, Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A. Pl. Vasc. 9(1): 29.
Type. Hispaniola. Schomburgk 112 (B †). 2004.
number 9 8 • 57
Ilex charrascosensis T.R. Dudley in F.C. Galle, Hollies, Gen. Ilex 168. Wright. 1: 172. 1860. Type. Cuba, Guantanamo. Wright 1142 p.p.
1997, nom. illeg. (Holotype: GOET; Isotypes: GH, HAC, K, NY, S).
Ilex paucinervis Alain, Candollea 17: 118. 1960, nom. illeg. Ilex grisebachii Maxim., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersburg,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. ser. 7, 29 (3): 27. 1881. Type. Cuba. Wright 1143 (Holotype: LE;
References: 29, 131, 152, 257. possible Isotypes: GH, GOET, HAC, K, NY).
Ilex riedlaei Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 317. 1892; Ilex urbaniana Loes.
Ilex microwrightioides Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 517. 1913.
var. riedlaei (Loes.) Edwin ex T.R. Dudley in F.C. Galle, Hollies,
Ilex microwrightioides Loes. var. calvescens Loes., Ark. Bot. 22A(10):
Gen. Ilex 251. 1997. Lectotype. Puerto Rico. Riedlé s.n. (P),
14. 1929.
designated by González Gutíerrez.
Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.
Ilex microwrightioides Loes. var. calvescens Loes. = Ilex References: 3, 7, 45, 58, 61, 156, 195, 257, 317.
microwrightioides Loes.
Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. var. repandoides (Loes.) P.A. González,
Ilex minutiflora A. Rich. = Banara minutiflora (A. Rich.) Sleumer Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(2): 450. 2007; Ilex repandoides Loes. in
(Salicaceae). I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 73. 1923. Lectotype. Cuba, Holguín.
Ilex minutiflora sensu Griseb. = Ilex vomitoria Aiton Ekman 2297 (S), designated by González Gutíerrez (257).
Ilex grisebachii Maxim. var. haitiensis Loes., Ark. Bot. 22A(10):
Ilex minutiflora A. Rich. f. parvifolia Griseb. ex Loes. = Ilex vomitoria 14. 1929.Type. Haiti, Massif du nord Ennery. Ekman H-8459
Aiton (Holotype: B †).
Ilex moana Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder Ilex grisebachii Maxim. var. nipensis Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill.
subsp. macfadyenii var. moana (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) P.A. González 9: 74. 1923. Lectotype. Cuba, Holguín. Ekman 5713 (B; S),
designated by González Gutíerrez (257).
Ilex montana (Sw.) Griseb. = Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder subsp.
macfadyenii var. macfadyenii
Hispaniola.
Ilex montana (Sw.) Griseb. var. domingensis Loes. = Ilex macfadyenii References: 3, 7, 30, 131, 257.
(Walp.) Rehder subsp. macfadyenii var. macfadyenii
Ilex nunezii Borhidi = Ilex cubana Loes.
Ilex montana (Sw.) Griseb. var. lanceolata Griseb. = Ilex macfadyenii
Ilex obcordata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 338. 1797, var. obcordata
(Walp.) Rehder subsp. macfadyenii var. macfadyenii
Ilex cristalensis Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 69. 1923.
Ilex montana (Sw.) Griseb. var. occidentalis Loes. = Ilex macfadyenii Ilex ekmaniana Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 72. 1923.
(Walp.) Rehder subsp. macfadyenii var. macfadyenii Ilex ekmaniana Loes. var. regnelliana Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9:
Ilex montana (Sw.) Griseb. var. orientalis Loes. = Ilex macfadyenii 72. 1923.
(Walp.) Rehder subsp. ovata (Griseb.) Nicolson Ilex formonica Loes., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 12. 1929.
Ilex shaferi Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 78. 1920.
Ilex montana (Sw.) Griseb. var. ovata Griseb. = Ilex macfadyenii Vaccinium sintenisii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 454. 1908; Ilex sintenisii
(Walp.) Rehder subsp. ovata (Griseb.) Nicolson (Urb.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
Ilex nannophylla Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Ilex cubana Loes. Virgin Islands 5: 515. 1924.
Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. f. alexandri Loes. = Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim.
var. nitida
References: 2, 3, 7, 30, 58, 61, 152, 156, 257.
Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. f. integrifolia Loes. = Ilex nitida (Vahl)
Ilex obcordata Sw. var. vaccinioides (Loes.) P.A. González, Harvard
Maxim. var. nitida
Pap. Bot. 12(2): 473. 2007; Ilex vaccinioides Loes. in I. Urban,
Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. subsp. bahiahondica (Loes.) Borhidi = Ilex Symb. Antill. 7: 270. 1912.
bahiahondica (Loes.) P.A. González Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Jamaica and Puerto
Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersburg, ser. Rico.
7, 29 (3): 27. 1881, var. nitida; Prinos nitidus Vahl, Eclog. Amer. References: 2, 30, 58, 156, 257, 427.
2: 26. 1798. Type. Montserrat, Ryan, s.n. (C). Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Ilex dioica sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 4: 36. 1886, non Griseb. Ilex occidentalis Macfad. = Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. subsp.
Ilex macoucoua sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 4: 35. 1886, non occidentalis (Macfad.) P.A. González
Pers.
Ilex occidentalis Macfad. var. maestrana Loes. = Ilex sideroxyloides
Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. f. alexandri Loes. in H.G.A. Engler, Bot.
(Sw.) Griseb. subsp. occidentalis (Macfad.) P.A. González
Jahrb. 15: 35. 1892. Syntypes: Jamaica, Alexander s.n. (B, †;
isosyntypes: K), Marsh 1561 (B, †). Puerto Rico, Stahl 422b (B). Ilex occidentalis Macfad. var. rotundifolia Loes. = Ilex sideroxyloides
Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. f. integrifolia Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 319. (Sw.) Griseb. subsp. occidentalis (Macfad.) P.A. González
1892. Type. Jamaica. Wilson 345 (Holotype: B, †). Ilex paucinervis Alain = Ilex manitzii P.A. González
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands (St. John), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Ilex pseudomacoucoua Loes. = Ilex guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia), and Mexico. Ilex puberula Proctor = Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder subsp.
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 257, 340. macfadyenii var. puberula (Proctor) Edwin ex P.A. González
Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. var. bahiahondica Loes. = Ilex bahiahondica Ilex pubipetala Loes. = Ilex hypaneura Loes.
(Loes.) P.A. González
Ilex repandoides Loes. = Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. var. repandoides
Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. var. repanda (Griseb.) P.A. González, (Loes.) P.A. González
Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(2): 449. 2007; Ilex repanda Griseb., Pl.
Ilex riedlaei Loes. = Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. var. repanda (Griseb.) Common Names: Hicaquillo de las pozas, Icaquillo de las pozas
P.A. González (Cuba).
Reference: 3, 152, 195, 427.
Ilex shaferi Britton & P. Wilson = Ilex obcordata Sw. var. obcordata
Note: Considered a dubious species by González (195), and extinct by
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
7: 224. 1857, subsp. sideroxyloides; Prinos sideroxyloides Sw.,
Ilex tuerckheimii Loes. = Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder subsp.
Prodr. 58. 1788. Lectotype. Montserrat, de Ponthieu s.n. (BM),
macfadyenii var. macfadyenii
designated by Bornstein in Howard (3).
Ilex hypaneura sensu Liogier, Descr. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 16. 1994, non Ilex tuerckheimii Loes. var. constanzae Loes. = Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.)
Loes. Rehder subsp. macfadyenii var. macfadyenii
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico, Lesser Ilex tuerckheimii Loes. var. subalpina Loes. = Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.)
Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Rehder subsp. macfadyenii var. macfadyenii
Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, and
Margarita. Ilex turquinensis Alain = Ilex cubana Loes.
Common Names: Black beech, Bois citron, Bois fourni, Caca poule, Ilex uniflora Fawc. & Rendle = Maytenus clarendonensis Britton
Caca rat, Citronnier, Citronnier blanc, Petit citron, Ti citron, (Celastraceae).
White birch (Lesser Antilles), Gongolí (Puerto Rico).
Ilex urbaniana Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 316. 1892. Lectotype:
References: 1, 58, 61, 131, 257, 301, 323.
Puerto Rico. Sintenis 6519 (S; LD), designated by González
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. subsp. occidentalis (Macfad.) P.A. Gutíerrez (257).
González, Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(2): 461. 2007; Ilex occidentalis Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. John, St.
Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 204. 1837; Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Thomas, Tortola).
Griseb. var. occidentalis Loes. f. occidentalis in I. Urban, Symb. Common Name: Cuero de sapo (Puerto Rico).
Antill. 1: 345. 1899. References: 19, 58, 61, 131, 257.
Ilex cubana Loes. var. tiburonica Loes., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Ilex urbaniana Loes. var. riedlaei (Loes.) Edwin ex T.R. Dudley = Ilex
33: 179. 1933.
nitida (Vahl) Maxim. var. repanda (Griseb.) P.A. González
Ilex occidentalis Macfad. var. maestrana Loes. in I. Urban, Symb.
Antill. 9: 74. 1923. Ilex vaccinioides Loes. = Ilex obcordata Sw. var. vaccinioides (Loes.)
Ilex occidentalis Macfad. var. rotundifolia Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. P.A. González
Antill. 9: 74. 1923. Ilex valenzuelana Alain, Candollea 17: 118. 1960. Type. Cuba, Sierra
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. var. occidentalis Loes. f. jamaicensis Maestra. López Figueiras 2214 (Holotype: HAC; Isotype: NY)
Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 346. 1899. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. var. occidentalis Loes. f. portoricensis References: 152, 156, 257.
Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 345. 1899.
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. var. portoricensis Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Ilex victorinii Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Syst. 15: 316. 1892. Salle” 12: 2. 1953.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Ilex alainii T.R. Dudley in F.C. Galle, Hollies, Gen. Ilex 154. 1997.
Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 2, 3, 30, 58, 131, 152, 156, 257. References: 3, 14, 152, 156, 257.
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. var. occidentalis Loes. f. jamaicensis Ilex vomitoria Aiton, Hortus Kew. 1: 170. 1789. Lectotype. United
Loes. = Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. subsp. occidentalis States. Casteby, 1736. Nat. Hist. Carolina 2: tab. 57, designated
(Macfad.) P.A. González by González Gutíerrez & Sierra Calzado (195).
Ilex ligustrina Jacq., Collectanea 4: 105. 1791 [“1790”].
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. var. occidentalis Loes. f. occidentalis = Ilex ligustrina Jacq. f. ekmanii Loes. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 74.
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. subsp. occidentalis (Macfad.) P.A. 1923. Syntypes. Cuba, Pinar del Río. Ekman 10469 (B †; NY, S),
González Ekman 10489 (B).
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. var. occidentalis Loes. f. portoricensis Ilex minutiflora sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 56. 1866, non A. Rich.
Loes. = Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. subsp. occidentalis Ilex minutiflora A. Rich. f. parvifolia Griseb. ex Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
(Macfad.) P.A. González 15: 318. 1892; Ilex ligustrina Jacq. f. parvifolia (Griseb. ex Loes.)
Loes., Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78:
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. var. portoricensis Loes. = Ilex
319. 1901.Type. Cuba. Wright 991 (Holotype: GOET; Isotypes:
sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. subsp. occidentalis (Macfad.) P.A.
BREM, GH, HAC, K, MA, NY, S).
González
Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, and Mexico; reported for
Ilex sintenisii (Urb.) Britton = Ilex obcordata Sw. var. obcordata Puerto Rico by Otero et al. (131) but not known to occur there.
Ilex subavenia Alain = Ilex hypaneura Loes. Common Names: Cassena, Yaupon, Yaupón (Puerto Rico).
References: 3, 131, 151, 156, 195, 257.
Ilex subtriflora Griseb. ex Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 312. 1892.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Ilex walsinghamii R.A. Howard = Ilex hypaneura Loes.
References: 2, 156, 257, 427. Ilex wrightii Loes. = Ilex hypaneura Loes.
Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Ilex wrightii Trel. = Ilex cassine L.
Threatened Species.
Macoucoua guianensis Aubl. = Ilex guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze
Ilex ternatiflora (C. Wright) R.A. Howard, Brittonia 38: 15.
1986;Quiina ternatiflora C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Prinos dioicus Vahl = Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. var. nitida
Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 204. 1868. Prinos lanceolatus Macfad. = Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder subsp.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. macfadyenii var. macfadyenii
number 9 8 • 59
Prinos macfadyenii Walp. = Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder subsp. Anthurium acaule sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Anthurium crenatum
macfadyenii var. macfadyenii (L.) Kunth
Prinos montanus Sw. = Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder subsp. Anthurium acaule (Jacq.) Schott var. brevipes Engl. = Anthurium
macfadyenii var. macfadyenii crenatum (L.) Kunth
Prinos nitidus Vahl = Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. var. nitida Anthurium acaule (Jacq.) Schott var. portoricensis Kuntze = Anthurium
Prinos sideroxyloides Sw. = Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. subsp. crenatum (L.) Kunth
sideroxyloides Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex André, Ill. Hort. 24: 43. 1877.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
Vincent), Margarita, and South America; cultivated in Cuba,
Araceae Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix).
by P. Acevedo-Rodríguez Common Names: Anturio, Flor de cera (Dominican Republic),
Anthurium, Anturio, Anturium (Puerto Rico).
Genera. Total: 23; native: 15; endemic: 0. References: 1, 9, 28, 69, 123, 131, 147, 230, 323.
Taxa. Total: 74; native: 46; endemic: 14. Anthurium barbadosense Engl. = Anthurium willdenowii Kunth.
Acontias cubensis Schott = Xanthosoma cubense (Schott) Schott Anthurium cordatum (L.) Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 3: 828. 1829;
Pothos cordatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1373. 1763.
Acontias cubensis sensu Bello = Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott
Anthurium guildingii Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7: 301. 1857.
Acontias hastifolius Schott = Xanthosoma brasiliense (Desf.) Engl. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Jamaica, Virgin Islands
Acontias helleborifolius (Jacq.) Schott = Xanthosoma helleborifolium (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and
(Jacq.) Schott Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat,
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Acontias plumieri Schott = Xanthosoma helleborifolium (Jacq.) Schott Common Names: Hand leaf, Petit seguine, Queue la rat (Lesser Antilles).
Aglaonema commutatum Schott, Syn. Aroid 123. 1856. References: 1, 2, 19, 28, 61, 147.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Margarita; native to Anthurium cordifolium Kunth = Anthurium grandifolium (Jacq.) Kunth
Malesia.
References: 28, 69, 147, 252, 323. Anthurium crenatum (L.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 75. 1841; Pothos
crenatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1373. 1763.
Aglaonema marantifolium Blume, Rumphia 1: 153. 1837. Anthurium acaule sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to New Guinea. Virgin Islands 5: 128. 1923, non (Jacq.) Schott.
Reference: 254. Anthurium acaule (Jacq.) Schott var. brevipes Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
Aglaonema pictum (Roxb.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 55. 1841. 25: 362. 1898.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to Sumatra. Anthurium acaule (Jacq.) Schott var. portoricensis Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
Common Names: Aglaonema, Cara de caballo (Puerto Rico). Pl. 2: 738. 1891.
References: 28, 61, 131, 147. Anthurium huegelii sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 115.
1883, non Schott.
Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) G. Don in R. Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 631.
Anthurium lanceolatum sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12:
1839.
115. 1883, non Kunth.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia); native to southeast Asia.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto
References: 1, 147.
Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don in R. Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 631. Tortola), and Margarita.
1839. Common Names: Lengua de vaca (Dominican Republic), Flor de culebra,
Alocasia metallica Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 4: 410. 1854. Hoja de costado, Moco de pavo, Rabo de rata (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Naturalized in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, References: 19, 28, 30, 61, 123, 131, 147, 156, 306, 323, 340.
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, St. Lucia), and Margarita;
Anthurium cubense Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 364. 1898.
native to Asia.
References: 2, 28, 61, 69, 147, 223, 323.
America.
Alocasia metallica Schott = Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don References: 3, 69, 147.
Alocasia plumbea Van Houtte, Fl. Serres Jard. Paris. 2, 11: 93. 1875. Anthurium dominicense Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 8: 350. 1858.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Anthurium dominicense Schott var. sintenisii Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25:
Antilles, and Margarita; native to Malesia and Australia. 418. 1898.
Common Name: Yautía morada (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico and Lesser
References: 2, 28, 123, 147, 323. Antilles (Dominica, Martinique).
Alocasia undipes K. Koch & C.D. Bouché = Xanthosoma undipes Common Names: Lengua de vaca (Puerto Rico).
(K. Koch & C.D. Bouché) K. Koch References: 1, 28, 61, 69, 131, 147.
Anthurium acaule (Jacq.) Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 3: 828. 1829; Anthurium dominicense Schott var. sintenisii Engl. = Anthurium
Pothos acaulis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 31. 1760. dominicense Schott
Anthurium martinicense Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 480. 1881. Anthurium fendleri Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 468. 1860.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Anthurium recusatum Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 467. 1860.
Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Central America and South
Trinidad, and South America. America.
Anthurium gracile (Rudge) Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 3: 828. 1829. Anthurium x selloum K. Koch Index Seminum (Berlin) 1854 (App.): 8.
Anthurium scolopendrinum Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 68. 1841. 1855.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe); Distribution: Endemic to Virgin Islands (St. John, Tortola).
native to Central America and South America. References: 19, 28, 61, 147.
Anthurium thompsoniae Arias, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana
Anthurium grandifolium (Jacq.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 77. 1841; Pothos 17-18: 5. 1998 [“1996-1997”].
grandifolius Jacq., Collectanea 4: 121. 1791 [“1790”]. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica.
Anthurium cordifolium Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 76. 1841. References: 2, 3, 69, 147.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica,
Anthurium venosum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 219. 1866.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Saba, St. Lucia,
St. Martin), and South America; cultivated in Cuba.
Common Names: Hoja grande, Lombricero (Cuba).
Common Names: Lombricero (Cuba), Junction root, Wild coco
References: 2, 3, 69, 132, 147.
( Jamaica).
References: 1, 2, 132, 147. Anthurium violaceum (Sw.) Schott = Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engl.
Anthurium guildingii Schott = Anthurium cordatum (L.) Schott Anthurium willdenowii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 71. 1841.
Anthurium barbadosense Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 404. 1898.
Anthurium gymnopus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 219. 1866.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, St.
Lucia) and South America.
References: 3, 39, 69, 147, 156.
References: 1, 147.
Cuba (39). Arum arborescens L. = Montrichardia arborescens (L.) Schott
Anthurium hookeri Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 74. 1841. Arum auritum L. = Syngonium auritum (L.) Schott
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), Curaçao, and South Arum bicolor Aiton = Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent.
America.
References: 1, 147, 223. Arum colocasia L. = Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Anthurium huegelii sensu Bello = Anthurium crenatum (L.) Kunth Arum esculentum L. = Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Anthurium lanceolatum sensu Bello = Anthurium crenatum (L.) Kunth Arum lacerum Jacq. = Philodendron lacerum (Jacq.) Schott
Anthurium leucocarpum Schott = Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engl. Arum seguine Jacq. = Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott
Anthurium mancuniense C.D. Adams, Phytologia 21: 65. 1971. Arum seguinum L. = Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Arum tripartitum Jacq. = Philodendron tripartitum (Jacq.) Schott
References: 2, 147.
Caladium belophyllum Willd. = Xanthosoma belophyllum (Willd.)
Anthurium martinicense Engl. = Anthurium acaule (Jacq.) Schott Kunth
Anthurium palmatum (L.) Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 3: 828. 1829; Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent., Descr. Pl. Nouv. t. 30. 1801; Arum
Pothos palmatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1374. 1763. bicolor Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 316. 1789; Cyrtospadix bicolor
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, (Aiton) Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands
Martinique, St. Lucia) and South America (Colombia). 5: 126. 1923.
Common Names: Benefice, Ciguine, Mibi, Seguine (Lesser Antilles). Caladium hortulanum Birdsey, Cult. Aroids 42. 1951.
References: 1, 147. Xanthosoma sylvestre Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 114. 1883.
Anthurium recusatum Schott = Anthurium fendlerii Schott Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engl. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(2): Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and
78. 1878; Dracontium scandens Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 836. Margarita; native to Central America and South America.
1775. Common Names: Corazón de cabrito, Corazón de Jesús, Malanga,
Anthurium leucocarpum Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 5: 53 1857; Malanga de jardín, Malangueta, Malanguilla, Malanguita,
Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engl. var. leucocarpum (Schott) Engl. Malanguita cimarrona, Paleta de pintor, Papagayo (Cuba),
in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(2): 78. 1878. Cananga, Lágrimas de María, Paleta de pintor (Dominican
Anthurium violaceum (Sw.) Schott in H.W. Schott & S.L. Endlicher, Republic), Coeur saignant (Haiti), Caladio, Cara de caballo,
Melet. Bot. 22. 1832; Pothos violaceus Sw., Prodr. 32. 1788; Corazón de Jesús, Corazón de María, Paleta de pintor, Venas de
Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engl. var. violaceum (Sw.) Engl. in Jesús, Yautía de jardín (Puerto Rico).
C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(2): 78. 1878. References: 1, 4, 5, 28, 30, 61, 69, 123, 131, 132, 147, 252, 323, 340.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe), Margarita, Mexico, Central Caladium brasiliense Desf. = Xanthosoma brasiliense (Desf.) Engl.
America, and South America. Caladium colocasia (L.) W. Wight = Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Common Names: Cerezo, Víbora, Vívora (Dominican Republic),
Caladium fragrantissimum Hook. = Philodendron fragrantissimum
Guinda (Puerto Rico).
(Hook.) G. Don
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 32, 61, 69, 123, 131, 147, 323, 340.
Caladium hortulanum Birdsey = Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent.
Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engl. var. leucocarpum (Schott) Engl. =
Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engl. Caladium maculatum Lodd. = Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott
Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engl. var. violaceum (Sw.) Engl. = Colocasia antiquorum Schott = Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engl. Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, Melet. Bot. 18. 1832; Arum
Anthurium scolopendrinum Kunth = Anthurium gracile (Rudge) Schott esculentum L., Sp. Pl. 965. 1753.
number 9 8 • 61
Arum colocasia L., Sp. Pl. 965. 1753; Caladium colocasia (L.) Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. “aureum” Nicolson, Allertonia 1:
W. Wight, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 9: 206. 1905. 347. 1978.
Colocasia antiquorum Schott in H.W. Schott & S.L. Endlicher, Melet. Rhaphidophora aurea (Linden & André) Birdsey, Baileya 10: 159.
Bot. 18. 1832. 1962; Scindapsus aureus (Linden & André) Engl. in H.G.A.
Distribution: Cultivated and naturalized in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 23b (Heft 37): 80. 1908.
Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Distribution: Naturalized in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), and Margarita; native to Islands (Guana), and Margarita; native to Society Islands
tropical Asia, Malesia, and Pacific Region. (Polynesia).
Common Names: Malanga isleña (Cuba), Tahia, Tania, Taro, Tayo, References: 3, 28, 32, 69, 147, 237, 254, 323.
Yautía, Yautía coquito, Yautía morada (Dominican Republic), Landoltia punctata (G. Mey.) Les & D.J. Crawford, Novon 9: 532.
Caraibe, Caraibe manzoubelle, Malanga, Malanga deux palles, 2000 [“1999”]; Spirodela punctata (G. Mey.) C.H. Thomps., Rep.
Malanga thiote, Taro bombou, Tayo bambou, Tayo blanc, Tayo (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 28. 1898.
noir (Haiti), Dachine, Dasheen, Malanga, Taro (Lesser Antilles), Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), North
Angustia, Malanga, Taro, Yautía malanga (Puerto Rico). America, South America, and Old World.
References: 1, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150, 252, 323. References: 1, 28, 147, 223.
Cyrtospadix bicolor (Aiton) Britton & P. Wilson = Caladium bicolor Lemna aequinoctialis Welw., Apont. 578. 1859.
(Aiton) Vent. Lemna paucicostata Hegelm., Lemnac. 138. 1868.
Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don = Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Lemna perpusilla sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
Schott Virgin Islands 5: 131. 1923, non Torr.
Lemna trinervis (Austin ex A. Gray) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 230. 1903.
Dieffenbachia picta Schott = Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott
Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 3: 803. 1829; Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John), Lesser
Arum seguine Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 31. 1760. Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Arum seguinum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1371. 1763. Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Martin), North America, Mexico,
Caladium maculatum Lodd., Bot. Cab. 7: t. 608. 1822; Dieffenbachia Central America, and South America.
maculata (Lodd.) G. Don in R. Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 632. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 45, 147.
1839.
Lemna minor L. var. obscura Austin = Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs
Dieffenbachia picta Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 2: 68. 1852.
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lemna minor sensu Britton & Millsp. = Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Lemna minuscula Herter = Lemna minuta Kunth
Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Lemna minuta Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland &
St. Vincent), Margarita, Central America, and South America. C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 372. 1816.
Common Names: Brazo poderoso, Dicha, Malanga de la dicha, Lemna minuscula Herter, Revista Sudamer. Bot. 9: 185. 1954.
Malangueta, Mata del cáncer, Pinedo de negro, Yerba del cáncer Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
(Cuba), Mata puerco, Pela puerco (Dominican Republic), Canne, Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), North America, Mexico,
Canne à gratter, Canne madère (Haiti), Dumb cane (Jamaica), and South America.
Canne brulante, Canne d’eau, Dumb cane, Seguine (Lesser References: 2, 28, 147.
Antilles), Rábano cimarrón (Puerto Rico), Dumb cane (Virgin Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs, Illinois Biol. Monogr. n. 34: 20. 1965;
Islands). Lemna minor L. var. obscura Austin in A. Gray, Manual, ed. 5,
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 30, 61, 69, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150, 479. 1867.
323, 340. Lemna minor sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 62. 1920, non L.
Dracontium asperum K. Koch, Wochenschr. Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 2: Distribution: Native to Bahamas, North America, Mexico, and South
259. 1859. America.
Dracontium polyphyllum sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto References: 45, 61, 147.
Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 130. 1923, non L. Lemna paucicostata Hegelm. = Lemna aequinoctialis Welw.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, and South
Lemna polyrhiza L. = Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.
America.
References: 28, 30, 61, 69, 147, 156, 340. Lemna trinervis (Austin ex A. Gray) Small = Lemna aequinoctialis Welw.
Dracontium bissectum Vell. = Thoracocarpus bissectus (Vell.) Harling Lemna trisulca L., Sp. Pl. 970. 1753.
(Cyclanthaceae) Distribution: Naturalized in Cuba; Cosmopolitan.
References: 1, 3, 147, 617.
Dracontium pertusum L. = Monstera adansonii Schott
Note: The report of this species by Grisebach for the island of Antigua
Dracontium polyphyllum sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Dracontium was considered erroneous by Landolt.
asperum K. Koch
Lemna valdiviana Phil., Linnaea 33: 239. 1864.
Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 23B Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
(Heft 37): 60. 1908. Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique),
Philodendron nechodomae Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 335. 1926. Common Names: Duckweed, Lentille d’eau (Lesser Antilles).
Distribution: Cultivated and escaped in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin References: 1, 2, 3, 28, 147.
Islands (St. Thomas), and Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia); native to
Monstera adansonii Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 4: 1028. 1830.
Asia.
Dracontium pertusum L., Sp. Pl. 968. 1753; Monstera pertusa (L.) de
References: 1, 28, 32, 61, 147, 150, 156.
Vriese, Hort. Spaarn.-Berg. 40. 1839.
Monstera imrayana Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 9: 40. 1859. Philodendron fragrantissimum (Hook.) G. Don in R. Sweet, Hort.
Monstera macrophylla Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 362. 1860. Brit., ed. 3, 632. 1839; Caladium fragrantissimum Hook., Bot.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Mag. 61: t. 3314. 1834.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Philodendron clementis C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 220. 1866.
St. Vincent), Central America, and South America; exotic in Distribution: Native to Cuba, Central America, and South America.
Puerto Rico. References: 3, 9, 69, 147.
Common Names: Seguine-couleuvre, Liane percée (Lesser Antilles). Philodendron fuertesii K. Krause = Philodendron consanguineum Schott
References: 1, 28, 32, 147.
Philodendron giganteum Schott, Syn. Aroid. 89. 1856.
Monstera deliciosa Liebm., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Montrichardia arborescens sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12:
Kjøbenhavn 1849(1-2): 19. 1849. 115. 1883, non Schott
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Islands (St. Croix); native to Mexico and Central America. (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Common Names: Cerimán de Méjico, Costillaje, Monstera (Cuba), Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts,
Antifaz, Piñanona, Piñarona (Dominican Republic), Draconte St. Vincent), and South America.
perforée (Haiti), Casiman, Ceriman, Monstera, Piñanona (Puerto Common Names: Oreja de elefante (Dominican Republic), China bush,
Rico). Chine, Grande seguine (Lesser Antilles), Yautía cimarrona, Yautia
References: 3, 9, 28, 61, 69, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150, 230, 323. madera (Puerto Rico).
Monstera imrayana Schott = Monstera adansonii Schott References: 1, 28, 123, 131, 147.
Monstera macrophylla Schott = Monstera adansonii Schott Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 3: 780.
1829.
Monstera pertusa (L.) de Vriese = Monstera adansonii Schott
Philodendron isertianum Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 242. 1860;
Montrichardia arborescens (L.) Schott, Arac. Betreff. 4. 1854; Arum Philodendron scandens K. Koch & H. Sello subsp. isertianum
arborescens L., Sp. Pl. 967. 1753. (Schott) G.S. Bunting, Gentes Herb. 10: 165. 1968.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Philodendron micans K. Koch, Index Seminum (Berlin) 1854(App.): 7.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central 1855.
America, and South America; reported for Puerto Rico by Bello Philodendron micans K. Koch var. brevipes Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26:
(340) perhaps based on a misidentification of Philodendron 528. 1899.
giganteum. Philodendron oxycardium sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto
Common Name: Malanga sauvage (Lesser Antilles). Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 124. 1923, non Schott.
References: 1, 28, 30, 61, 131, 147, 340. Philodendron scaberulum C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Peltandra virginica (L.) Schott in H.W. Schott & S.L. Endlicher, Melet. Méd. Habana 7: 565. 1871.
Bot. 19. 1832. Philodendron scandens K. Koch & Sello, Index Seminum (Berlin) 1853:
Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America. 14. 1853.
Reference: 147. Philodendron scandens K. Koch & Sello subsp. cubense (Engl.) I. Arias,
Feddes Repert. 109: 37. 1998; Philodendron scandens K. Koch &
Philodendron angustatum Schott = Philodendron consanguineum Sello var. cubense Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 528. 1899.
Schott Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl., Gen. Pl. 1(3): 237. 1837. Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola),
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Margarita. Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central
References: 28, 254, 323. America, and South America.
Common Name: Macussey (Cuba).
Philodendron clementis C. Wright ex Griseb. = Philodendron
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 28, 30, 32, 40, 61, 69, 123, 147, 340.
fragrantissimum (Hook.) G. Don
Philodendron isertianum Schott = Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.)
Philodendron consanguineum Schott, Syn. Aroid. 88. 1856.
Schott
Philodendron angustatum Schott, Syn. Aroid. 103. 1856.
Philodendron fuertesii K. Krause in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 172. Philodendron karstenianum Schott var. dispar (Schott) Engl. =
1912. Philodendron lingulatum (L.) K. Koch,
Philodendron krebsii Schott, Bonplandia (Hannover) 7: 164. 1859. Philodendron krebsii Schott = Philodendron consanguineum Schott
Philodendron marginatum Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 135. 1903.
Philodendron urbanianum K. Krause in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 172. Philodendron lacerum (Jacq.) Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 3: 780. 1829;
1912. Arum lacerum Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 4: 35. 1804.
Philodendron wrightii Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 219. 1866. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), and Lesser Antilles (St. Common Names: Bejuco lombricero de cana, Lombricero de guano
Lucia). cana, Macusey, Macusey macho (Cuba), Pois pois, Tratrá, Tra-trá,
Common Names: Zapatico (Dominican Republic), Liane brulante, Tra- Tri-trá (Haiti).
trá (Haiti). References: 2, 3, 5, 69, 123, 132, 147.
References: 1, 3, 5, 28, 30, 32, 61, 69, 123, 147, 156. Philodendron lingulatum (L.) K. Koch, Index Seminum (Berlin) 1855
Philodendron dispar Schott = Philodendron lingulatum (L.) K. Koch (App.): 2. 1855.
Philodendron dispar Schott, Syn. Aroid. 79. 1856; Philodendron
Philodendron dussii Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 530. 1899. karstenianum Schott var. dispar (Schott) Engl. in A.L.P.P. de
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe). Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 2: 362. 1879.
References: 1, 147.
number 9 8 • 63
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Water lettuce (Lesser Antilles), Lamparilla, Lechuguilla de agua
Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, (Puerto Rico).
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 19, 28, 30, 61, 69, 123, 131, 132, 147, 323, 340.
St. Vincent). Pothos acaulis Jacq. = Anthurium acaule (Jacq.) Schott
Common Names: Tra-trá (Haiti), Bejuco de calabaza (Puerto Rico).
References: 28, 30, 32, 61, 123, 131, 147, 151. Pothos cordatus L. = Anthurium cordatum (L.) Schott
Philodendron marginatum Urb. = Philodendron consanguineum Schott Pothos crenatus L. = Anthurium crenatum (L.) Kunth
Philodendron micans K. Koch = Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Pothos grandifolius Jacq. = Anthurium grandifolium (Jacq.) Kunth
Schott Pothos palmatus L. = Anthurium palmatum (L.) Schott
Philodendron micans K. Koch var. brevipes Engl = Philodendron Pothos rigidus Aubl. = Asplundia rigida (Aubl.) Harl. (Cyclanthaceae)
hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott
Pothos violaceus Sw. = Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engl.
Philodendron nechodomae Britton = Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl.
Rhaphidophora aurea (Linden & André) Birdsey = Epipremnum
Philodendron ornatum Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 3: 378. 1853. pinnatum (L.) Engl. “cv” aureum Nicolson
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to South America.
Scindapsus aureus (Linden & André) Engl. = Epipremnum pinnatum
(L.) Engl. “cv” aureum Nicolson
Philodendron oxycardium sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Philodendron
Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel, Gartenflora 26: 323. 1877.
hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Margarita;
Philodendron pinnatifidum (Jacq.) Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 3: 780. native to South America.
1829. Common Name: Lirio cala (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Venezuela. References: 28, 69, 123, 147, 323.
Spirodela biperforata W. Koch = Spirodela intermedia W. Koch
Philodendron radiatum Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 3: 378. 1853.
Spirodela intermedia W. Koch, Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 41: 114. 1932.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to Mexico, Central
Spirodela biperforata W. Koch, Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 42: 188. 1933.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Central America, and South America;
reported for Puerto Rico.
Philodendron scaberulum C. Wright = Philodendron hederaceum References: 3, 147.
(Jacq.) Schott
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid., Linnaea 13: 392. 1839; Lemna
Philodendron scandens K. Koch & H. Sello = Philodendron polyrhiza L., Sp. Pl. 970. 1753.
hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Philodendron scandens K. Koch & H. Sello subsp. cubense (Engl.) Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique),
I. Arias = Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 147.
Philodendron scandens K. Koch & H. Sello var. cubense Engl. =
Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott Spirodela punctata (G. Mey.) C.H. Thomps. = Landoltia punctata
(G. Mey.) Les & D.J. Crawford
Philodendron scandens K. Koch & H. Sello subsp. isertianum (Schott)
G.S. Bunting = Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott Syngonium angustatum Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 8: 178. 1858.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas and Bonaire; native to Mexico, Central
Philodendron schottii K. Koch in E.E. Ender, Index Aroid. 61. 1864. America, and South America.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and South References: 45, 147.
America.
References: 2, 147. Syngonium auritum (L.) Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 3: 780. 1829; Arum
auritum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1251. 1759.
Philodendron tripartitum (Jacq.) Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 3: 780. 1829; Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Arum tripartitum Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 33. 1797. and Jamaica; introduced in Puerto Rico.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and South Common Names: Conejo (Dominican Republic), Caraibe gratté, Liane
America. à gratter, Liane grater, Sans pareil (Haiti).
References: 2, 147. References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 123, 147.
Philodendron urbanianum K. Krause = Philodendron consanguineum Syngonium podophyllum Schott, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 9: 85. 1851.
Schott Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Philodendron wrightii Griseb. = Philodendron consanguineum Schott Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, Virgin Gorda),
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, St. Lucia), Margarita, Central
Pistia occidentalis Blume = Pistia stratiotes L.
America, and South America; native to Mexico.
Pistia stratiotes L., Sp. Pl. 963. 1753. Common Names: Mano poderosa (Dominican Republic), Five finger
Pistia occidentalis Blume, Rumphia 1: 79. 1836. (Jamaica), Malanga trepadora, Nephthytis (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, References: 1, 2, 4, 28, 32, 40, 45, 69, 123, 131, 147, 150.
Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Typhonium blumei Nicolson & Sivad., Blumea 27: 494. 1981.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Aruba,
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Lesser Antilles (Martinique); native to
southeast Asia.
Common Names: Lechuga cimarrona (Cuba), Lechuga, Lechuguilla,
Lechugilla de agua, Patico (Dominican Republic), Salade d’eau
(Haiti), Water lettuce (Jamaica), Chance, Godapail, Laitue d’eau, Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 3: 72. 1829.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia); native to southeast Xanthosoma clarense León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
Asia and Malesia. La Salle” 8: 271. 1946.
Reference: specimen record at UPRRP herbarium. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Malanga cimarrona, Sahumaya, Sajumaya, Saumalla
Wolffia brasiliensis Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 12: 170. 1849.
(Cuba).
Wolffia punctata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 512. 1864.
References: 3, 69, 132, 147, 428.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, North
America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Xanthosoma hastatum Eggers = Xanthosoma brasiliense (Desf.) Engl.
References: 2, 3, 28, 147. Xanthosoma hastifolium K. Koch = Xanthosoma helleborifolium
Wolffia lingulata Hegelm. = Wolffiella lingulata (Hegelm.) Hegelm. (Jacq.) Schott
Wolffia punctata Griseb. = Wolffia brasiliensis Wedd. Xanthosoma helleborifolium (Jacq.) Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Z.15: 33.
1865; Acontias helleborifolius (Jacq.) Schott in H.W. Schott &
Wolffia welwitschii Hegelm. = Wolffiella welwitschii (Hegelm.) Monod
S.L. Endlicher, Melet. Bot. 19. 1832.
Wolffiella lingulata sensu Liogier & Martorell = Wolffiella welwitschii Acontias plumieri Schott, Syn. Aroid. 65. 1856; Xanthosoma plumieri
(Hegelm.) Monod (Schott) Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 15: 33. 1865.
Wolffiella lingulata (Hegelm.) Hegelm., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 303. Xanthosoma angustisectum Engl., Exsicc. (Arac. et Illustr.): 88. 1884.
1895; Wolffia lingulata Hegelm., Lemnac. 132. 1868. Xanthosoma hastifolium K. Koch in Klotzsch, Index Seminum (Berlin)
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,), 1854(App.): 2. 1855.
Trinidad, United States, Mexico, Panama, and South America. Distribution: Cultivated and naturalized in Hispaniola, Puerto
References: 147, 254. Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
St. Vincent); native to Central America and South America.
Wolffiella welwitschii (Hegelm.) Monod, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique Common Name: Belembe silvestre (Puerto Rico).
N., Hors. Sér. 2: 229. 1949; Wolffia welwitschii Hegelm., J. Bot. References: 1, 5, 28, 61, 131, 147.
3: 113. 1865.
Wolffiella lingulata sensu Liogier & Martorell, Fl. Puerto Rico & Xanthosoma jacquinii Schott = Xanthosoma undipes (K. Koch)
Adjac. Is. Synop. 226. 1982, non Hegelm. K. Koch
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Xanthosoma nigrum (Vell.) Stellfeld = Xanthosoma violaceum Schott
Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Marie Galante),
Xanthosoma peregrinum Griseb. = Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott
References: 1, 2, 3, 28, 147. Xanthosoma plumieri (Schott) Schott = Xanthosoma helleborifolium
(Jacq.) Schott
Xanthosoma angustisectum Engl. = Xanthosoma helleborifolium (Jacq.)
Schott Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott, Melet. Bot. 19. 1832; Arum
sagittifolium L., Sp. Pl. 966. 1753.
Xanthosoma atrovirens K. Koch & Bouché = Xanthosoma sagittifolium
Acontias cubensis sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 115.
(L.) Schott
1883, non Schott.
Xanthosoma belophyllum (Willd.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 44. 1841; Xanthosoma atrovirens K. Koch & Bouché, Append. Gen. Sp. Hort.
Caladium belophyllum Willd., Enum. Pl. 987. 1809. Berol. 1854: 3. 1854.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to South America. Xanthosoma peregrinum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 511. 1864.
Common Name: Tayo marrón (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Cultivated in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
References: 5, 123, 147. Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles
Xanthosoma brasiliense (Desf.) Engl. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, (Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and
23e (Heft 71): 58. 1920; Caladium brasiliense Desf., Tabl. École Margarita; native to Central America and South America.
Bot., ed. 3: 7, 386. 1829. Common Names: Diahutia, Galanga, Guagüi, Malanga, Malanga
Acontias hastifolius Schott in H.W. Schott & S.L. Endlicher, Melet. Bot. amarilla, Malanga blanca, Yahibías, Yantas, Yautía (Cuba), Tahia,
19. 1832. Tania, Taro, Tayo, Yautía, Yautía amarilla, Yautía blanca, Yautía
Xanthosoma hastatum Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 99. 1879. morada (Dominican Republic), Caraibe, Malanga, Malanga
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles marron, Malanga thiote, Tayo blanc, Tayo marrón, Tayo noir
(Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. (Haiti), Calau, Malanga, Taro (Lesser Antilles), Tanier, Yautía
Vincent), Central America, and South America. blanca (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Calalú, Kelembé, Quélimbé (Haiti), Belembe, Calalú, References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 36, 61, 69, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150,
Yautía belembe (Puerto Rico). 323, 340.
References: 1, 28, 61, 123, 131, 147. Xanthosoma sagittifolium sensu Bello = Xanthosoma undipes (K. Koch)
Xanthosoma caracu K. Koch & Bouché Index Seminum (Berlin) 1854 K. Koch
(App.): 3. 1855. Xanthosoma sylvestre Bello = Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent.
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. Widely
Xanthosoma undipes (K. Koch & C.D. Bouché) K. Koch, Bonplandia
cultivated in the tropics, origin uncertain.
(Hannover) 4: 4. 1856; Alocasia undipes K. Koch & C.D. Bouché,
Common Names: Yautía blanca (Dominican Republic), Yautía
Index Seminum (Berlin) 1854(App.): 5. 1855
horqueta, Yautía manola, Yautía viequera (Puerto Rico).
Xanthosoma jacquinii Schott, Melet. Bot. 19. 1832.
References: 28, 61, 123, 131, 147.
Xanthosoma sagittifolium sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12:
Xanthosoma clarense León = Xanthosoma cubense (Schott) Schott 114. 1883, non (L.) Schott.
Xanthosoma cubense (Schott) Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 15: 33. 1865; Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Acontias cubensis Schott, Bonplandia (Hannover) 7: 163. 1859. (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central America,
Type. Cuba. de la Sagra s.n. (G) and South America.
number 9 8 • 65
Common Names: Chou caribe, Malanga, Wild taro (Lesser Antilles), Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Decne. & Planch., Rev. Hort., ser. 4(3):
Yautía palma, Yautía silvestre (Puerto Rico). 107. 1854; Aralia arborea L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 967. 1759;
References: 1, 5, 28, 30, 61, 131, 147, 240, 340. Gilibertia arborea (L.) Marchal, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 30:
Xanthosoma violaceum Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 3: 370. 1853. 281. 1891 [“1892”]; Hedera arborea (L.) Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1:
Xanthosoma nigrum (Vell.) Stellfeld, Tribuna Farm. 12: 201. 1944. 518. 1797; Schefflera arborea (L.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Lesser Antilles Hist. Nat. 19: 249. 1890; Sciodaphyllum arboreum (L.) C.L.
(Guadeloupe, St. Lucia); native to Mexico, Central America, and Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 91. 1893.
South America; naturalized in Puerto Rico. Erithalis pentagonia DC., Prodr. 4: 465. 1830.
Common Names: Yautía lila, Yautía morada (Puerto Rico). Gilibertia brachypoda Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 452. 1908; Dendropanax
References: 1, 3, 5, 28, 61, 131, 147. brachypodus (Urb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 2. 1912.
Sciodaphyllum samydifolium C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 117.
Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 765. 1826. 1866; Dendropanax samydifolius (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Seem.,
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Central J. Bot. 6: 140. 1868; Schefflera samydifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.)
America; native to South Africa. M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 249. 1890; Gilibertia
Common Names: Lirio cala (Dominican Republic), Lirio cala (Puerto samydifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Marchal in I. Urban, Symb.
Rico). Antill. 1: 201. 1899.
References: 28, 123, 131, 147. Sciodaphyllum capitatum sensu Eggers, Fl. St. Croix Suppl. 17. 1889,
EXCLUDED SPECIES non Griseb.
Sciodaphyllum jacquini Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 306. 1860.
Asterostigma cubense (A. Rich.) K. Krause ex Bogner, Adansonia, ser. Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
2, 9: 129. 1969; Andromycia cubensis A. Rich. in R.de la Sagra, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas, Tortola), Trinidad,
Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 282. 1850. Type. A. Richard s.n. (LT: Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
inflorescence only, P) designated by Bogner1969. Common Names: Junquillo, Lengua de vaca, Palo de burro, Palo
Note: The Holotype of this name included two elements that were malo, Pinga de perro, Ramón de bestia, Ramón de costa, Ramón
cultivated at P, which presumably originated from Cuba. This de vaca, Víbora (Dominican Republic), Bois négresse, Fausse
species is not known from Cuba, and it is quite possible that the salsepareille, Salsepareille bâtard, Salsepareille marrón (Haiti),
inflorescence included in Richard’s type collection originally came Angelica tree, Galipee (Jamaica), Muñeca, Palo de cachimba, Palo
from Brazil, where this species is known. de cachumba, Palo de pollo, Vibona, Víbora (Puerto Rico).
References: 428, 429. References: 2, 3, 4, 7, 30, 40, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 134, 147, 301, 323,
340.
Araliaceae Dendropanax blakeanus Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 4. 1912;
Gilibertia blakeana (Britton) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 5: 422.
reviewed by J. Wen
1926.
Dendropanax portlandianus Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16:
48. 1967.
Aralia arborea L. = Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Decne. & Planch. References: 2, 147, 156, 427.
Aralia balfouriana André = Polyscias balfouriana (André) L.H. Bailey Species.
Aralia capitata Jacq. = Oreopanax capitatus (Jacq.) Decne. & Planch. Dendropanax brachypodus (Urb.) Britton = Dendropanax arboreus (L.)
Aralia excelsa (Griseb.) J. Wen, Cathaya 13-14: 96. 2002 [“2001- Decne. & Planch.
2002”]; Sciadodendron excelsum Griseb., Bonplandia (Hannover) Dendropanax cordifolius Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 4. 1912;
6: 7. 1858. Gilibertia cordifolia (Britton) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 5: 421.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Central America, and northern 1926.
South America. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Common Name: Juan primero (Dominican Republic), Ouane primaire References: 2, 147, 427.
(Haiti). Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
References: 5, 7, 123, 147, 427. Threatened Species.
Threatened Species. Dendropanax cuneifolius (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Seem., J. Bot. 6: 140.
1868; Hedera cuneifolia C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 117.
Aralia filicifolia C. Moore ex E. Fourn. = Polyscias filicifolia (C. Moore 1866; Gilibertia cuneifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Marchal in I.
ex E. Fourn.) L.H. Bailey Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 201. 1899; Schefflera cuneifolia (C. Wright
Aralia guilfoylei W. Bull = Polyscias guilfoylei (W. Bull) L.H. Bailey ex Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 249. 1890.
Gilibertia macradenia Urb. & Ekman, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Aralia rex (Ekman) J. Wen, Brittonia 45: 53. 1993; Megalopanax rex
22: 93. 1925.
Ekman in H.A.T. Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9:
122. 1924.
References: 3, 39, 147, 149. Dendropanax elongatus Britton = Dendropanax pendulus (Sw.) Decne.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of & Planch
Cuba (39). Dendropanax filipes Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 9. 1914;
Aralia sciodaphyllum Sw. = Schefflera sciodaphyllum (Sw.) Harms Gilibertia filipes (Britton) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 5: 422.
1926.
Brassaia actinophylla Endl. = Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Dendropanax selleanus (Urb. & Ekman) A.C. Sm., Trop. Woods 66:
References: 2, 147, 427. 3. 1941; Gilibertia selleana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 32.
Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of 1926.
Threatened Species. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Dendropanax grandiflorus Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 3. 1912;
Gilibertia grandiflora (Britton) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 5: Dendropanax swartzii (Fawc. & Rendle) A.C. Sm., Trop. Woods 66: 3.
422. 1926. 1941; Gilibertia swartzii Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 64: 158. 1926.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Didymopanax attenuatus (Sw.) Marchal = Schefflera attenuata (Sw.)
Threatened Species. Frodin
Dendropanax grandis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 4. 1912; Didymopanax chrysophyllus (Vahl) Decne. & Planch. = Schefflera
Gilibertia grandis (Britton) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 5: 422. morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin
1926.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Didymopanax gleasonii Britton & P. Wilson = Schefflera gleasonii
References: 2, 147, 156, 427. (Britton & P. Wilson) Alain
Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Didymopanax micans (Willd.) Krug & Urb. = Schefflera morototoni
Threatened Species. (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin
Dendropanax laurifolius (Marchal) Decne. & Planch. ex Schneid., Bull. Didymopanax morototoni (Aubl.) Decne. & Planch. = Schefflera
Torrey Bot. Club 36: 644. 1909; Gilibertia laurifolia Marchal in morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin
I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 203. 1899.
Didymopanax tremulus Krug & Urb. = Schefflera tremula (Krug &
Sciodaphyllum capitatum sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 4: 198.
Urb.) Alain
1886, non Griseb.
Sciodaphyllum capitatum sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: Didymopanax undulatus Decne. & Planch. ex C. Wright = Schefflera
278. 1881, non Griseb. morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Didymopanax urbanianus Marchal = Schefflera urbaniana (Marchal)
Common Names: Gongolí, Palo de cachumba, Palo de pollo negro, Frodin
Palo de vaca, Vibona, Víbora (Puerto Rico).
References: 30, 58, 61, 75, 131, 147, 340. Erithalis pentagonia DC. = Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Decne. & Planch.
Dendropanax nervosus (Urb. & Ekman) A.C. Sm., Trop. Woods 66: 3. Gilibertia arborea (L.) Marchal = Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Decne. &
1941; Gilibertia nervosa Urb. & Ekman, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Planch.
Veg. 22: 92. 1925. Gilibertia blakeana (Britton) Fawc. & Rendle = Dendropanax
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. blakeanus Britton
References: 3, 147.
Gilibertia brachypoda Urb. = Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Decne. &
Dendropanax nutans (Sw.) Decne. & Planch., Rev. Hort., ser. 4(3): Planch.
107. 1854; Hedera nutans Sw., Prodr. 51. 1788; Gilibertia nutans
Gilibertia cordifolia (Britton) Fawc. & Rendle = Dendropanax
(Sw.) Marchal in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 201. 1899.
cordifolius Britton
Dendropanax nutans (Sw.) Decne. & Planch. var. obtusifolius C.D.
Adams, Phytologia 21: 66. 1971. Gilibertia cuneifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Marchal = Dendropanax
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. cuneifolius (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Seem.
References: 2, 30, 147. Gilibertia filipes (Britton) Fawc. & Rendle = Dendropanax filipes
Dendropanax nutans (Sw.) Decne. & Planch. var. obtusifolius C.D. Britton
Adams = Dendropanax nutans (Sw.) Decne. & Planch. Gilibertia grandiflora (Britton) Fawc. & Rendle = Dendropanax
Dendropanax ovalifolius (Fawc. & Rendle) C.D. Adams = grandiflorus Britton
Dendropanax pendulus (Sw.) Decne. & Planch. Gilibertia grandis (Britton) Fawc. & Rendle = Dendropanax grandis
Dendropanax pendulus (Sw.) Decne. & Planch., Rev. Hort., ser. 4 Britton
(3): 107. 1854; Hedera pendula Sw., Prodr. 51. 1788; Gilibertia Gilibertia laurifolia Marchal = Dendropanax laurifolius (Marchal)
pendula (Sw.) Marchal in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 200. 1899. Decne. & Planch. ex Schneid.
Gilibertia ovalifolia Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 64: 158. 1926;
Dendropanax ovalifolius (Fawc. & Rendle) C.D. Adams, Gilibertia macradenia Urb. & Ekman = Dendropanax cuneifolius
Phytologia 21: 66. 1971. (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Seem.
Dendropanax elongatus Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 3. 1912; Gilibertia nervosa Urb. & Ekman = Dendropanax nervosus (Urb. &
Gilibertia elongata (Britton) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 5: 421. Ekman) A.C. Sm.
1926.
Gilibertia nutans (Sw.) Marchal = Dendropanax nutans (Sw.) Decne. &
Planch. var. nutans
References: 2, 30, 147, 427.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Gilibertia ovalifolia Fawc. & Rendle = Dendropanax pendulus (Sw.)
Species. Decne. & Planch.
Dendropanax portlandianus Proctor = Dendropanax blakeanus Britton Gilbertia paniculata DC. = Polyscias paniculata (DC.) Baker
Dendropanax samydifolius (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Seem. = Gilibertia pendula (Sw.) Marchal = Dendropanax pendulus (Sw.)
Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Decne. & Planch. Decne. & Planch.
number 9 8 • 67
Gilibertia samydifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Marchal = Dendropanax Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
arboreus (L.) Decne. & Planch. Central America, and South America.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61.
Gilibertia selleana Urb. & Ekman = Dendropanax selleanus (Urb. &
Ekman) A.C. Sm. Hydrocotyle pygmaea C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Méd. Habana 6: 97. 1869.
Gilibertia swartzii Fawc. & Rendle = Dendropanax swartzii (Fawc. &
Rendle) A.C. Sm.
References: 3, 39.
Hedera arborea (L.) Sw. = Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Decne. & Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Planch. Cuba (39).
Hedera cuneifolia C. Wright ex Griseb. = Dendropanax cuneifolius Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f., Suppl. Pl. 177. 1782 [“1781”].
(C. Wright ex Griseb.) Seem. Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America.
Hedera nutans Sw. = Dendropanax nutans (Sw.) Decne. & Planch. var. Common Name: Sombrerillo de agua (Cuba).
nutans Reference: 3.
Hedera pendula Sw. = Dendropanax pendulus (Sw.) Decne. & Planch. Hydrocotyle repanda Pers. = Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (Apiaceae)
Hedera scioadaphyllum (Sw.) Sw. = Schefflera sciodaphyllum (Sw.) Hydrocotyle rotundifolia Roxb. = Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.
Harms Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam., Encycl. 3: 153. 1789.
Hydrocotyle asiatica L. = Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (Apiaceae) Hydrocotyle rotundifolia Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 2: 88. 1832.
Distribution: Naturalized in Lesser Antilles (Dominica) and Trinidad;
Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam., Encycl. 3: 153. 1789. native to Africa, Asia, and Malesia.
Distribution: Native in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central America, References: 1, 150, 151, 301.
South America, and Africa.
References: 3, 58, 159. Hydrocotyle spicata Lam. = Hydrocotyle hirsuta Sw. var. hirsuta
Hydrocotyle brittonii Mathias, Brittonia 2: 239. 1936. Hydrocotyle umbellata L., Sp. Pl. 234. 1753.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Reference: 2. Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe), Trinidad, North
Hydrocotyle hirsuta Sw., Prodr. 54. 1788, var. hirsuta Common Names: Cáncer, Celedonia, Galletica, Ombligo de venus,
Caucalis japonica Houtt., Nat. Hist. 2(8): 42. 1777. Quitasolillo, Yerba del cáncer (Cuba), Herbe à pou de bois, Zèbe
Hydrocotyle spicata Lam., Encycl. 3: 153. 1789. pou-bois (Lesser Antilles), Ombligo de venus, Sombrerillo de agua,
Torilis anthriscus (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 83. 1788. Yerba de cuarto (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 132, 301, 340.
Common Names: Hairy marsh pennywort (Bahamas), Corazón de Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb., Hydrocotyle 2, 5. 1798, var. verticillata
pollo (Cuba), Yerba de clavo (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
References: 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 132, 152, 307. Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Lucia), North America, Mexico, Central America, and South
Hydrocotyle hirsuta Sw. var. leptostachys (A. Rich.) Urb. in C.F.P. von America.
Martius, Fl. Bras. 11(1): 282. 1879; Hydrocotyle leptostachys Common Names: Whorled marsh pennywort (Bahamas), Papitas fritas
A. Rich., Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 4: 191. 1820. (Dominican Republic), Barbados hearth, Herbe-mare (Lesser
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Antilles).
Hispaniola. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 123, 151.
References: 3, 7.
Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. var. cubensis Rose ex Mathias,
Hydrocotyle lanipes Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 42. 1929. Brittonia 2: 240. 1936.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Hydrocotyle leptostachys A. Rich. = Hydrocotyle hirsuta Sw. var. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. var. triradiata (A. Rich.) Fernald,
leptostachys (A. Rich.) Urb. Rhodora 41: 437. 1939; Hydrocotyle polystachya A. Rich. var.
Hydrocotyle lineata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 162. 1803; Crantzia triradiata A. Rich., Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: 171. 1820.
lineata (Michx.) Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 177. 1818. Hydrocotyle prolifera Kellogg, Rhodora 41: 437. 1939.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola. Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, Mexico, and Central
References: 7, 151. America.
Hydrocotyle oligantha Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 7. 1927.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Megalopanax rex Ekman = Aralia rex (Ekman) J. Wen
References: 3, 39. Oreopanax capitatus (Jacq.) Decne. & Planch., Rev. Hort., ser. 4
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of (3): 108. 1854; Aralia capitata Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 18. 1760;
Cuba (39). Sciodaphyllum capitatum (Jacq.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 306. 1860.
Hydrocotyle polystachya A. Rich. var. triradiata A. Rich. = Hydrocotyle Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
verticillata Thunb. var. triradiata (A. Rich.) Fernald (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Montserrat, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita, Mexico,
Hydrocotyle prolifera Kellogg = Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. var.
Central America, and South America.
triradiata (A. Rich.) Fernald
Common Names: Palo de viento, Pinga de perro, Víbona, Víbora
Hydrocotyle pusilla A. Rich., Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 4: 167. 1820. (Dominican Republic), Bois d’Anjou (Haiti), Woman wood
(Jamaica), Aralie blanc, Bastard braselleto, Broad leaf balsam, Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to
Candlewood, Figuier, Figuier-aralie, Figuier tête (Lesser Antilles). Pacific Region.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 123, 147, 301, 323. Common Names: Gallego, Paricí (Dominican Republic), Paresseux des
clorutes (Haiti).
Oreopanax dussii Krug & Urb. ex Duss, Ann. Inst. Bot.-Geol. Colon.
References: 5, 7, 58, 123, 147.
Marseille 3: 322. 1897 [“1896”].
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Polyscias scutellaria (Burm. f.) Fosberg, Occas. Pap. Univ. Hawaii 46:
Martinique). 9. 1948. Cultiven from Malesia and Pacific Region.
Common Name: Bois flot (Lesser Antilles). Polyscias tricochleata (Miq.) Fosberg, Phytologia 5: 290. 1955.
References: 1, 147. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (St.
Croix); native to Malesia and Pacific Region.
Oreopanax ramosissimus A.C. Sm., Brittonia 2: 256. 1936.
Common Names: Gallego (Dominican Republic), Paresseux, Persillette
(Haiti).
References: 1, 147.
References: 5, 58, 123, 147, 230.
Panax attenuatus Sw. = Schefflera attenuata (Sw.) Frodin
Polyscias tricochleata (Miq.) Fosberg = Polyscias scutellaria (Burm. f.)
Panax caribaeus Siebold = Schefflera attenuata (Sw.) Frodin Fosberg
Panax chrysophyllus Vahl = Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E.
Steyerm. & Frodin Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 36. 1894; Brassaia actinophylla
Panax speciosus sensu Eggers = Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Endl., Nov. Stirp. Dec. 1: 89. 1839.
Steyerm. & Frodin Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and
Virgin Islands (St. Croix); native to Australia and New Guinea.
Panax fruticosus L. = Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms References: 7, 45, 58, 147, 150, 230, 383.
Polyscias balfouriana (André) L.H. Bailey, Rhodora 18: 153. 1916; Schefflera arborea (L.) M. Gómez = Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Decne.
Aralia balfouriana André, Rev. Hort. 70: 229. 1898. & Planch.
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to
Australia and New Guinea. Schefflera arboricola (Hayata.) Merr., Lignan Sci. J. 5: 139. 1929;
References: 5, 7, 58, 147. Heptapleurum arboricola Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 23.
1916.
Polyscias cumingiana (C. Presl) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., ed. 3, 4 (Nov. Distribution: Cultivated in Jamaica.
App.): 102. 1880. Reference: 161.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to Malesia and Pacific
Region. Schefflera attenuata (Sw.) Frodin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
References: 58, 147, 151. 141: 341. 1989; Panax attenuatus Sw., Prodr. 54. 1788;
Didymopanax attenuatus (Sw.) Marchal in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl.
Polyscias filicifolia (C. Moore ex E. Fourn.) L.H. Bailey, Rhodora 18: Bras. 11(1): 234. 1878.
153. 1916; Aralia filicifolia C. Moore ex E. Fourn., Ill. Hort. 23: Panax caribaea Siebold in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 207. 1899.
73. 1876. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Virgin Islands (Tortola), Margarita. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts,
Cultigen from New Guinea and Pacific Region. St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Common Names: Gallego, Parici (Dominican Republic), Feuilles Common Names: Aralie montagne, Mapou blanc, Trompette à canon,
paresseux, Persillette, Paresseux, Paresseux de clotures (Haiti), Trompette blanc, White elder (Lesser Antilles).
Cubano, Filipino (Puerto Rico). References: 1, 30, 147, 151.
References: 5, 7, 61, 123, 131, 147, 231, 323.
Schefflera cuneifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.) M. Gómez = Dendropanax
Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. cuneifolium (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Seem.
Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 45. 1894; Panax fruticosum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2,
1513. 1762. Schefflera gleasonii (Britton & P. Wilson) Alain, Phytologia 55: 328.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands 1985; Didymopanax gleasonii Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv.
(St. Croix). Cultigen from Malesia and Pacific Region. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 365. 1926.
Common Names: Gallego (Dominican Republic), Paresseux, Persillette Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
(Haiti). References: 58, 61, 147, 427.
References: 5, 7, 61, 123, 147, 230. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species.
Polyscias guilfoylei (W. Bull) L.H. Bailey, Rhodora 18: 153. 1916;
Aralia guilfoylei W. Bull, Cat. 83: 4. 1873. Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin, Mem. New
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin York Bot. Gard. 38: 51. 1984; Panax morototoni Aubl., Hist. Pl.
Islands (St. Croix, Tortola), and Margarita. Cultigen from Malesia Guiane 2: 949. 1775; Didymopanax morototoni (Aubl.) Decne. &
and Pacific Region. Planch., Rev. Hort., ser. 4(3): 109. 1854.
Common Names: Wild coffee (Bahamas), Gallego (Dominican Didymopanax chrysophyllus (Vahl) Decne. & Planch., Rev. Hort., ser.
Republic), Paresseux (Haiti). 4(3): 109. 1854; Panax chrysophyllus Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 33.
References: 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 123, 147, 150, 230, 323. 1797 [“1796”].
Didymopanax micans (Willd.) Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill.
Polyscias paniculata (DC.) Baker, Fl. Mauritius 126. 1877; Gilbertia 1: 204. 1899.
paniculata DC., Prodr. 4: 256. 1830. Didymopanax undulatus Decne. & Planch. ex C. Wright in F.A.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Mauritius. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 6: 98. 1869.
Reference: 147. Panax speciosum sensu Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 59. 1879, non Willd.
Polyscias pinnata J.R. Forst. & G. Forst., Char. Gen. Pl. 32. 1775. Sciodaphyllum paniculatum Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 37. 1891.
number 9 8 • 69
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Sciodaphyllum capitatum (Jacq.) Griseb. = Oreopanax capitatus (Jacq.)
(St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), Decne. & Planch.
Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Sciodaphyllum capitatum sensu A. Stahl & sensu Bello = Dendropanax
Common Names: Palo de sable, Palo de viento, Palo de yagua, Pata de laurifolius (Marchal) Decne. & Planch. ex Schneid.
gallo, Pie de gallo, Sablito, Yagrumo colorado, Yagrumo macho
(Dominican Republic), Aralie grandes feuilles, Bois canot, Bois Sciodaphyllum capitatum sensu Eggers = Dendropanax arboreus (L.)
trembler, Le tremble, Le trembler (Haiti), Aralie-grandes-feuilles, Decne. & Planch.
Bois flot (Lesser Antilles). Sciodaphyllum jacquinii Griseb. = Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Decne.
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 123, 147, 301, 306, 340. & Planch.
Schefflera pubigera (Brongn. ex Planch.) Frodin in D.G. Frodin & Sciodaphyllum paniculatum Britton = Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.)
R.H.A. Govaerts, World Checklist Bibliogr. Araliaceae: 368. 2004 Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin
[“2003”].
Sciodaphyllum samydifolium C. Wright ex Griseb. = Dendropanax
Sciodaphyllum belangeri Marchal in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 197.
arboreus (L.) Decne. & Planch.
1899.
Distribution: Cultivated in Lesser Antilles; native to India. Sciodaphyllum troyanum Urb. = Schefflera troyana (Urb.) A.C. Sm.
Schefflera samydifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.) M. Gómez =
Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Decne. & Planch. Araucariaceae
Schefflera sciodaphyllum (Sw.) Harms in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Genera. Total: 2; native: 0; endemic: 0.
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 37. 1894; Aralia sciodaphyllum Taxa. Total: 5; native: 0; endemic: 0.
Sw., Prodr. 55. 1788; Hedera sciodaphyllum (Sw.) Sw., Fl. Ind.
Occid. 1: 519. 1797. Agathis robusta (C. Moore ex F. Muell.) F.M. Bailey, Syn. Queensl. Fl.
Sciodaphyllum brownei Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 953. 1824 498. 1883.
[“1825”]. Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to Australia and New
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Guinea.
References: 2, 30, 147. Common Names: Kauri (Puerto Rico).
References: 131, 147, 239, 252.
Schefflera stearnii R.A. Howard & Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 39: 105.
1958. Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 375. 1898.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Araucaria brasiliana A. Rich. in J.B.G. Bory de Saint-Vincent, Dict.
References: 2, 147, 427. Class. Hist. Nat. 1: 512. 1822.
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to South America.
Species. Common Names: Araucaria, Brasileño (Puerto Rico).
References: 131, 147, 149.
Schefflera tremula (Krug & Urb.) Alain, Phytologia 58: 328. 1985;
Didymopanax tremulus Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch, Dendrologie 2(2): 206. 1873.
206. 1899. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Names: Araucaria, Árbol de navidad (Cuba).
Common Names: Palo de viento (Dominican Republic), Aralie grandes References: 132, 147.
feuilles, Bois d’anjou, Bois tremble, Bois trembler, Le tremble, Araucaria bidwillii Hook., London J. Bot. 2: 503. 1843.
Ouane primaire (Haiti). Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and Puerto Rico; native to Australia.
References: 5, 7, 30, 123, 147. Common Names: Araucaria, Árbol de navidad (Cuba), Araucaria,
Schefflera troyana (Urb.) A.C. Sm., Trop. Woods 66: 5. 1941; Bungabunga (Puerto Rico).
Sciodaphyllum troyanum Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 451. 1908. References: 58, 130, 131, 132, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco, Anais Inst. Super. Agron. 19:
References: 2, 30, 147, 151, 427. 11. 1952.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Species. (St. Croix), and Margarita; native to Norfolk Island.
Schefflera urbaniana (Marchal) Frodin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Common Names: Siete pisos (Dominican Republic), Araucaria, Pino
Philadelphia 141: 318. 1989; Didymopanax urbanianus Marchal, Norfolk (Puerto Rico).
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 326. 1892. References: 58, 123, 131, 147, 239, 252, 323.
Common Name: Aralie (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 30, 147, 427. Arecaceae
Species. Genera. Total: 40; native: 21; endemic: 2.
Sciadodendron excelsum Griseb. = Aralia excelsa (Griseb.) J. Wen
Sciodaphyllum arboreum (L.) C.L. Hitchc. = Dendropanax arboreus Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Becc.,
(L.) Decne. & Planch. Webbia 2: 109. 1907; Copernicia wrightii Griseb. & H. Wendl.,
Cat. Pl. Cub. 220. 1866; Paurotis wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.)
Sciodaphyllum belangeri Marchal = Schefflera pubigera (Brongn. ex
Britton in N.L. Britton & J.A. Shafer, N. Amer. Trees 141. 1908.
Planch.) Frodin
Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Becc. f.
Sciodaphyllum brownei Spreng. = Schefflera sciodaphyllum (Sw.) Harms inermis Hadač, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 432. 1970.
Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Becc. var. Common Names: Corozo, Palma de corozo (Puerto Rico).
novo-geronensis Becc., Webbia 2: 113. 1907. References: 28, 61, 131, 147, 340.
Paurotis androsana O.F. Cook, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 22. 1902. Acrocomia pilosa León = Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, United States (FL), Mexico,
and Central America. Acrocomia quisqueyana L.H. Bailey = Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.)
Common Names: Everglades palm (Bahamas), Guano prieto, Palma Lodd. ex Mart.
prieto, Miraguano espinoso (Cuba). Acrocomia sclerocarpa sensu Bello = Acrocomia media O.F. Cook
References: 3, 45, 132, 147, 150, 218.
Acrocomia spinosa (Mill.) H.E. Moore = Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.)
Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Becc. var. Lodd. ex Mart.
inermis Hadač = Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.)
Acrocomia subinermis León ex L.H. Bailey = Acrocomia aculeata
H. Wendl. ex Becc.
(Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.
Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Becc.
Adonidia merrillii (Becc.) Becc., Philipp. J. Sci. 14: 329. 1919; Veitchia
var. novo-geronensis Becc. = Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Griseb. &
merrillii (Becc.) H.E. Moore, Gentes Herb. 8: 501. 1957.
H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Becc.
Distribution: Widely cultivated in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Acrista monticola O.F. Cook = Prestoea montana (R. Graham) Islands (Guana, St. Croix), and Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia); native
G. Nicholson to the Philippines.
Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 286. References: 28, 147, 230, 464.
1845; Cocos aculeata Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 278. 1763. Aeria attenuata O.F. Cook = Gaussia attenuata (O.F. Cook) Becc.
Acrocomia cubensis Lodd. ex H. Wendl., Index Palm. 1. 1854.
Aiphanes acanthophylla (Mart.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-
Acrocomia lasiospatha Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 286. 1845.
Dahlem 11: 558. 1932; Bactris acanthophylla Mart. in A.D.
Acrocomia pilosa León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 14:
d’Orbigny, Voy. Amér. Mér. 7(3): 70. 1844; Martinezia
52. 1940.
acanthophylla (Mart.) Becc. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 8: 79. 1920.
Acrocomia quisqueyana L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 4: 471. 1941.
Bactris pavoniana sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 114.
Acrocomia spinosa (Mill.) H.E. Moore, Gentes Herb. 9: 238. 1963.
1883, non Mart.
Acrocomia subinermis León ex L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 4: 474. 1941.
Curima colophylla O.F. Cook, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 561. 1901.
Bactris pavoniana Mart. in A.D. d’Orbigny, Voy. Amér. Mér. 7(3): 70.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
1844.
Puerto Rico.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
Common Names: Cayá, Coyo (Dominican Republic), Coyor, Coyure,
(Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,
Palma de coyor (Puerto Rico).
Martinique, St. Lucia), Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and
References: 5, 7, 28, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 147, 218, 340.
South America.
Common Names: Gru gru (Barbados), Corocho de Jamaica, Corojo, Aiphanes erosa (Mart.) Burret = Aiphanes minima (Gaertn.) Burret
Corojo de Jamaica, Palma corojo de Jamaica (Cuba), Gru gru Aiphanes horrida (Jacq.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11:
(Dominica), Glou glou (Dominica), Palmier dindé (Guadeloupe), 575. 1932.
Macaw palm (Lesser Antilles), Palmiste espineux (Martinique), Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to South America.
Grou grou (Martinique). References: 147, 248.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 30, 147, 320, 323.
Aiphanes luciana L.H. Bailey = Aiphanes minima (Gaertn.) Burret
Acrocomia aculeata sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Acrocomia media O.F.
Cook Aiphanes minima (Gaertn.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem
11: 558. 1932; Bactris minima Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 269.
Acrocomia crispa (Kunth) C.F. Baker ex Becc., Pomona Coll. J. 1791.
Econ. Bot. 2: 364. 1912; Cocos crispa Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Aiphanes erosa (Mart.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11:
Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto 558. 1932.
ed.) 1: 302. 1816; Gastrococos crispa (Kunth) H.E. Moore, Aiphanes luciana L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 8: 166. 1949.
Principes 11: 121. 1968. Aiphanes vincentiana L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 8: 170. 1949.
Acrocomia armentalis (Morales) L.H. Bailey & E.Z. Bailey, Hort. Sec. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, St. Lucia).
22. 1941; Gastrococos armentalis Morales, Repert. Fis.-Nat. Isla References: 1, 28, 147.
Cuba 1: 57. 1866.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Aiphanes vincentiana L.H. Bailey = Aiphanes minima (Gaertn.) Burret
Common Name: Corojo (Cuba). Archontophoenix alexandrae (F.Muell.) H.Wendl. & Drude, Linnaea
References: 3, 39, 132, 147. 39: 212. 1875.
Acrocomia cubensis Lodd. ex H. Wendl. = Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Australia.
Lodd. ex Mart. References: 147, 248.
Acrocomia lasiospatha Mart. = Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Areca catechu L., Sp. Pl. 1189. 1753.
Mart. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
(St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles, and North America. Cultigen from
Acrocomia media O.F. Cook, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 566. 1901. Malesia.
Acrocomia aculeata sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & References: 1, 2, 28, 61, 147.
Virgin Islands 5: 115. 1923, non Mart.
Acrocomia sclerocarpa sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 114. Attalea crassispatha (Mart.) Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad.
1883, non Mart. Handl., ser. 3, 6(7): 23. 1929; Maximiliana crassispatha Mart. in
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Thomas); A.D. d’Orbigny, Voy. Amér. Mér. 7(3): 110. 1844.
cultivated in Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
number 9 8 • 71
References: 30, 147, 248, 427. dulcis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) H. Wendl. in O.C.E. de Kerchove de
Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Denterghem, Palmiers: 238. 1878.
Threatened Species. Calyptrogyne intermedia M. Gómez, Noc. Bot. Sist. 50. 1893.
Calyptrogyne microcarpa León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
Bactris acanthophylla Mart. = Aiphanes acanthophylla (Mart.) Burret
“De La Salle” 3: 10. 1944.
Bactris chaetophylla Mart. = Bactris plumeriana Mart. in A.D. Calyptronoma clementis (León) A.D. Hawkes subsp. orientensis
d’Orbigny O. Muñiz & Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 342. 1982.
Bactris cubensis Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 6 Geonoma intermedia (H. Wendl.) B.S. Williams, Cat. 1882: 27. 1882.
(7): 25. 1929. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Hispaniola.
Common Names: Coco macaco, Pajicá, Pajúa, Pajucá, Palmilla (Cuba). Common Names: Palma justa, Palma manaca (Cuba).
References: 3, 132, 147. References: 3, 124, 132, 147, 320.
Bactris jamaicana L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 4: 177. 1938. Calyptrogyne rivalis (O.F. Cook) León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Colegio “De La Salle” 3: 12. 1944; Cocops rivalis O.F. Cook, Bull.
Common Name: Prickly pole (Jamaica). Torrey Bot. Club 28: 568. 1901; Calyptronoma rivalis (O.F. Cook)
References: 2, 147, 427. L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 4: 171. 1938.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Calyptrogyne occidentalis sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto
Species. Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 113. 1923, non (Sw.) M. Gómez.
Calyptronoma quisqueyana L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 4. 169. 1938.
Bactris minima Gaertn. = Aiphanes minima (Gaertn.) Burret Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
Bactris pavoniana Mart. = Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart. Puerto Rico.
References: 28, 33, 61, 147, 152, 218, 633.
Bactris pavoniana sensu Bello = Aiphanes acanthophylla (Mart.) Burret
Note: Considered a threatened species by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Bactris plumeriana Mart. in A.D. d’Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Mer. 7(3): 64.
Calyptrogyne victorinii León = Calyptrogyne occidentalis (Sw.) M. Gómez
1844.
Bactris chaetophylla Mart. in A.D. d’Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Mer. 7(3): Calyptronoma clementis (León) A.D. Hawkes subsp. orientensis
71. 1844. O. Muñiz & Borhidi = Calyptrogyne plumeriana (Mart.) Roncal
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Calyptronoma dulcis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) H. Wendl. = Calyptrogyne
Common Names: Catey, Palma de catey (Dominican Republic), Coco plumeriana (Mart.) Roncal
macaque, Petit-cro-cro, Ti cro-cro (Haiti).
References: 5, 123, 147, 218. Calyptronoma occidentalis (Sw.) H.E. Moore = Calyptrogyne
occidentalis (Sw.) M. Gómez
Beata ekmanii (Burret) O.F. Cook = Coccothrinax ekmanii Burret
Calyptronoma plumeriana (Mart.) Lourteig = Calyptrogyne plumeriana
Calyptrogyne clementis León = Calyptrogyne plumeriana (Mart.) Roncal (Mart.) Roncal
Calyptrogyne dulcis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) M. Gómez = Calyptrogyne Calyptronoma quisqueyana L.H. Bailey = Calyptrogyne rivalis (O.F.
plumeriana (Mart.) Roncal Cook) León
Calyptrogyne intermedia M. Gómez = Calyptrogyne plumeriana Calyptronoma rivalis (O.F. Cook) L.H. Bailey = Calyptrogyne rivalis
(Mart.) Roncal (O.F. Cook) León
Calyptrogyne microcarpa León = Calyptrogyne plumeriana (Mart.) Calyptronoma swartzii Griseb. = Calyptrogyne occidentalis (Sw.)
Roncal M. Gómez
Calyptrogyne occidentalis (Sw.) M. Gómez, Noc. Bot. Sist. 50. Caryota mitis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 697. 1790.
1893; Elaeis occidentalis Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 619. 1797; Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to Asia
Calyptronoma occidentalis (Sw.) H.E. Moore, Gentes Herb. 9: and Malesia.
252. 1963. References: 5, 61, 147, 150, 248.
Calyptrogyne victorinii León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
“De La Salle’’ 3: 4. 1944. Caryota urens L., Sp. Pl. 1189. 1753.
Calyptronoma swartzii Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 518. 1864; Geonoma Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native
swartzii (Griseb.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 222. 1866. to Asia and Malesia.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. Common Names: Cariota, Cariota sin espinas, Cocollol, Escariota,
Common Names: Manaca, Palma enana (Cuba), Long thatch (Jamaica). Martinezia, Palma africana, Palma caña de India, Palma corojo del
References: 2, 5, 30, 36, 61, 124, 132, 147. Orinoco (Cuba), Cola de pescado (Dominican Republic), Caryota
(Puerto Rico).
Calyptrogyne occidentalis sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Calyptrogyne References: 5, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150.
rivalis (O.F. Cook) León
Chamaerops antillarum Descourt. = Zombia antillarum (Descourt.)
Calyptrogyne plumeriana (Mart.) Roncal, Palms (1999+) 49: 149. L.H. Bailey
2005; Geonoma plumeriana Mart. in A.D. d’Orbigny, Voy. Amér.
Mér. 7(3): 34. 1843; Calyptronoma plumeriana (Mart.) Lourteig, Chamaerops humilis L., Sp. Pl. 1187. 1753.
Phytologia 65: 484. 1989. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to southern Europe.
Calyptrogyne clementis León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio References: 147, 248.
“De La Salle” 3: 11. 1944. Chrysalidocarpus glaucescens Waby = Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.)
Calyptrogyne dulcis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) M. Gómez, Dicc. Bot. Beentje & J. Dransf.
Nombres Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riq. 50. 1889; Geonoma dulcis
Chrysalidocarpus lutescens (Bory) H. Wendl. = Dypsis lutescens
C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 222. 1866; Calyptronoma
(H. Wendl.) Beentje & J. Dransf.
Coccothrinax acuminata (Sarg.) Becc. = Coccothrinax miraguama Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. ex Mart.) Becc., Webbia 2: 328.
(Kunth) Becc. var. miraguama 1907; Copernicia barbadensis (Lodd. ex Mart.) H. Wendl. in
O.C.E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers: 241. 1878.
Coccothrinax acunana León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey”
Coccothrinax alta (O.F. Cook) Becc., Webbia 2: 331. 1907; Thrincoma
13: 128. 1939.
alta O.F. Cook, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 540. 1901.
Coccothrinax argentea sensu Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 100. 1879, non
(Schult. & Schult. f.) Becc.
Coccothrinax argentea sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
Cuba (39).
& Virgin Islands 5: 117. 1923, non (Schult. & Schult. f.) Becc.
Coccothrinax alexandri León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Coccothrinax boxii L.H.Bailey, Gentes Herb. 8: 113. 1949.
Poey” 13: 122. 1939, var. alexandri Coccothrinax discreta L.H.Bailey, Gentes Herb. 8: 104. 1949.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Coccothrinax dussiana L.H.Bailey, Gentes Herb. 8: 109. 1949.
Common Names: Palma yuraguano, Yuraguana, Yuraguano (Cuba). Coccothrinax eggersiana Becc., Webbia 2: 321. 1907.
References: 3, 39, 132, 147, 320. Coccothrinax eggersiana Becc. var. sanctae-crucis Becc., Webbia 2: 323.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of 1907.
Cuba (39). Coccothrinax martinicaensis Becc., Webbia 2: 324. 1907.
Coccothrinax alexandri León var. nitida León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. Coccothrinax sabana L.H.Bailey, Gentes Herb. 8: 110. 1949.
“Felipe Poey” 13: 123. 1939; Coccothrinax alexandri León subsp. Coccothrinax sanctae-thomae Becc., Webbia 2: 303. 1907.
nitida (León) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 58: 175. 1971. Thrinax argentea sensu Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 100. 1879, non Desf.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Thringis latifrons O.F. Cook, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 545. 1901;
References: 3, 39, 147. Coccothrinax latifrons (O.F. Cook) Becc., Webbia 2: 326. 1907.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Thringis laxa O.F. Cook, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 545. 1901;
Cuba (39). Coccothrinax laxa (O.F. Cook) Becc., Webbia 2: 333. 1907.
Coccothrinax alta (O.F. Cook) Becc. = Coccothrinax barbadensis Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
(Lodd. ex Mart.) Becc. Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Barbuda,
Coccothrinax anomala Becc. = Zombia antillarum (Descourt.) L.H. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Saba, St.
Bailey Lucia), Margarita, and Trinidad.
Common Names: Palmetto (Barbuda), Latanier (Dominica), Latanier
Coccothrinax argentata (Jacq.) L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 4: 223. 1939;
(Guadeloupe), Latanier balai (Guadeloupe), Allatani, Palmier a
Palma argentata Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 38. 1804.
balai, Thatch palm (Lesser Antilles), Latanier balai (Martinique),
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Mexico, Central America, and South
Latanier (St. Lucia), Palma de abanico, Palma plateada (Puerto
America.
Rico), Broom teyer, Brown teyer, Fan palm, Silver palm, Teyer
Common Names: Bay-top, Silver thatch, Silver-top (Bahamas).
palm (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 19, 28, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 323, 420, 421.
Coccothrinax argentea (Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Sarg. ex Becc.,
Coccothrinax bermudezii León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe
Just’s Bot. Jahresber. 27: 469. 1901; Thrinax argentea Lodd. ex
Poey” 13: 124. 1939.
Schult. & Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7:
1300. 1830.
Common Names: Yuraguana enana, Yuraguano enano (Cuba).
Coccothrinax jucunda Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 27: 89. 1899.
References: 3, 132, 147, 320.
Thrinax longistyla Becc. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 170. 1912.
Thrinax multiflora Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: t. 103, f. 1. 1853. Coccothrinax borhidiana O. Muñiz, Acta Agron. Acad. Sci. Hung. 27:
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, United States (FL), and 437. 1978.
northern South America; cultivated in Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Palma blanca, Yuraguana (Cuba), Guanito, Guano, References: 39, 147, 149, 427.
Guano plateado, Palma de guano (Dominican Republic), Coco Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora
macaque, Latangnier, Latanier, Latanier balai, Latanier d’Afrique, of Cuba (39) and critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Palme coyau, Yarey (Haiti). Threatened Species.
References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 45, 123, 132, 147, 150. Coccothrinax boschiana M.M. Mejía & R.G. García, Moscosoa 9: 1.
Coccothrinax argentea (Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Sarg. ex Becc. 1997.
var. guantanamense León = Coccothrinax guantanamensis (León) Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
O. Muñiz & Borhidi Common Name: Guano (Dominican Republic).
References: 123, 147, 149, 156.
Coccothrinax argentea (Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Sarg. ex
Becc. subsp. guantanamensis (León) Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Coccothrinax boxii L.H.Bailey = Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. ex
Coccothrinax guantanamensis (León) O. Muñiz & Borhidi Mart.) Becc.
Coccothrinax argentea sensu Eggers = Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. Coccothrinax camagueyana Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
ex Mart.) Becc. Hung. 27: 441. 1982 [“1981”].
Coccothrinax argentea sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Coccothrinax
barbadensis (Lodd. ex Mart.) Becc.
Coccothrinax baracoensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Cuba (39).
Hung. 27: 440. 1982 [“1981”].
Coccothrinax clarensis León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey”
13: 147. 1939, var. clarensis
number 9 8 • 73

References: 3, 147, 320. Common Name: Guanito (Dominican Republic).
Coccothrinax clarensis León var. brevifolia León, Mem. Soc. Cub.
Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 13: 148. 1939; Coccothrinax clarensis Coccothrinax elegans O. Muñiz & Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
León subsp. brevifolia (León) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 27: 442. 1982 [“1981”].
58: 176. 1971. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 147, 320. Coccothrinax fagildei Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Hung. 31: 227.
Coccothrinax clarensis León var. perrigida León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. 1985.
Nat. “Felipe Poey” 13: 149. 1939; Coccothrinax clarensis León Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
subsp. perrigida (León) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 58: References: 39, 147, 149.
176. 1971. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cuba (39).
Common Names: Palma yuraguano, Yuraguano (Cuba). Coccothrinax fragrans Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl.,
References: 3, 132, 147, 320. ser. 3, 6(7): 15. 1929.
Coccothrinax clarensis León subsp. brevifolia (León) Borhidi & Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
O. Muñiz = Coccothrinax clarensis León var. brevifolia León Hispaniola.
Common Names: Yuraguana (Cuba), Guano (Dominican Republic).
Coccothrinax clarensis León subsp. perrigida (León) Borhidi &
References: 3, 5, 132, 147.
O. Muñiz = Coccothrinax clarensis León var. perrigida León
Coccothrinax garciana León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey”
Coccothrinax concolor Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl.,
13: 143. 1939.
ser. 3, 6(7): 13. 1929.
References: 3, 39, 147, 320.
References: 5, 147.
Coccothrinax crinita (Griseb. & H. Wendl. ex C. Wright) Becc., Cuba (39).
Webbia 2: 334. 1908, subsp. crinita; Thrinax crinita Griseb. &
Coccothrinax gracilis Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl.,
H. Wendl. ex C. Wright in O.C.E. de Kerchove de Denterghem,
ser. 3, 6(7): 14. 1929.
Palmiers: 258. 1878.
Common Names: Guanito, Guano (Dominican Republic), Latangnier,
Common Name: Palma petate (Cuba).
Latanier (Haiti).
References: 3, 39, 132, 147.
Cuba (39). Coccothrinax guantanamensis (León) O. Muñiz & Borhidi, Acta Bot.
Acad. Sci. Hung. 27: 449. 1982 [“1981”]; Coccothrinax argentea
Coccothrinax crinita (Griseb. & Wendl. ex C. Wright) Becc. subsp.
(Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Sarg. ex Becc. var. guantanamense
brevicrinis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 27:
León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 13: 134. 1939;
448. 1982 [“1981”].
Coccothrinax argentea (Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Sarg. ex
Becc. subsp. guantanamensis (León) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot.
Közlem. 58: 176. 1971.
Cuba (39).
Coccothrinax cupularis (León) O. Muñiz & Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad.
Coccothrinax gundlachii León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe
Sci. Hung. 27: 449. 1982 [“1981”]; Coccothrinax miraguama
Poey” 13: 149. 1939.
(Kunth) Becc. subsp. cupularis (León) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot.
Közlem. 58: 175. 1971; Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Becc.
var. cupularis León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 13:
117. 1939. Coccothrinax hiorami León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey”
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 13: 135. 1939.
Coccothrinax discreta L.H.Bailey = Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd.
ex Mart.) Becc. Coccothrinax inaguensis Read, Principes 10: 30. 1966.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas; occurs on Inagua Isl.
Coccothrinax dussiana L.H.Bailey = Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd.
ex Mart.) Becc.
Coccothrinax jamaicensis Read, Principes 10: 133. 1966.
Coccothrinax eggersiana Becc. = Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. ex
Mart.) Becc.
Common Name: Silver thatch (Jamaica).
Coccothrinax eggersiana Becc. var. sanctae-crucis Becc. = Coccothrinax References: 2, 147.
barbadensis (Lodd. ex Mart.) Becc.
Coccothrinax jucunda Sarg. = Coccothrinax argentea (Lodd. ex Schult.
Coccothrinax ekmanii Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., & Schult. f.) Sarg. ex Becc.
ser. 3, 6(7): 11. 1929; Beata ekmanii (Burret) O.F. Cook, Natl.
Coccothrinax latifrons (O.F. Cook) Becc. = Coccothrinax barbadensis
Hort. Mag. 20: 52. 1941; Haitiella ekmanii (Burret) L.H. Bailey,
(Lodd. ex Mart.) Becc.
Contr. Gray Herb., n.s., 165: 7. 1947.
Coccothrinax laxa (O.F.Cook) Becc. = Coccothrinax barbadensis Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.

(Lodd. ex Mart.) Becc. References: 3, 147, 320.
Coccothrinax leonis O. Muñiz & Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Becc. subsp. macroglossa (León)
27: 443. 1982 [“1981”]. Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Becc.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. var. arenicola León
References: 39, 147, 149. Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Becc. subsp. cupularis (León) Borhidi
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of & O. Muñiz = Coccothrinax cupularis (León) O. Muñiz &
Cuba (39). Borhidi
Coccothrinax litoralis León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Becc. subsp. havanensis (León)
13: 138. 1939. Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Becc.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. var. havanensis León
Common Name: Miraguano (Cuba).
References: 3, 132, 147, 320. Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Becc. subsp. roseocarpa (León)
Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Becc.
Coccothrinax macroglossa (León) O. Muñiz & Borhidi, Acta Bot. var. roseocarpa León
Acad. Sci. Hung. 27: 450. 1982 [“1981”]; Coccothrinax
miraguama (Kunth) Becc. subsp. macroglossa (León) Borhidi & Coccothrinax moensis (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) O. Muñiz, Acta
O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 58: 175. 1971; Coccothrinax miraguama Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 27: 451. 1982 [“1981”]; Coccothrinax
(Kunth) Becc. var. macroglossa León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. yuraguana (A. Rich.) León subsp. moensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz,
“Felipe Poey” 13: 118. 1939. Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 1. 1972 [“1971”].
Coccothrinax martii (Griseb.) Becc. = Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex Schult. Cuba (39).
& Schult. f.
Coccothrinax montana Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl.,
Coccothrinax martinicaensis Becc. = Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. ser. 3, 6(7): 17. 1929.
ex Mart.) Becc. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Coccothrinax microphylla Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Common Name: Guano de costa (Dominican Republic).
Hung. 27: 444. 1982 [“1981”]. References: 5, 123, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Coccothrinax munizii Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 2. 1972
References: 39, 147, 149. [“1971”]; Haitiella munizii (Borhidi) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Hung. 25: 2. 1979.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Becc., Webbia 2: 295. 1908, var. References: 147, 149.
miraguama; Thrinax miraguama (Kunth) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. Coccothrinax muricata León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey”
3: 320. 1853. 13: 129. 1939.
Thrinax acuminata Griseb. & H. Wendl. ex Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 27: 89. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
1899; Coccothrinax acuminata (Griseb. & H. Wendl. ex Sarg.) References: 3, 147, 320.
Becc., Just’s Bot. Jahresber. 27: 469. 1901.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Coccothrinax muricata León var. savannarum León = Coccothrinax
Common Names: Biraguano, Miraguano, Yuraguano, Yuraguana (Cuba). pauciramosa Burret
References: 3, 132, 147. Coccothrinax muricata León subsp. savannarum (León) Borhidi &
Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Becc. var. arenicola León, Mem. O. Muñiz = Coccothrinax pauciramosa Burret
Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 13: 114. 1939; Coccothrinax Coccothrinax nipensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
miraguama (Kunth) Becc. subsp. arenicola (León) Borhidi & Hung. 27: 446. 1982 [“1981”].
O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 58: 175. 1971. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 147, 320. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Becc. var. cupularis León = Cuba (39).
Coccothrinax cupularis (León) O. Muñiz & Borhidi Coccothrinax orientalis (León) O. Muñiz & Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad.
Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Becc. var. havanensis León, Mem. Sci. Hung. 27: 451. 1982 [“1981”]; Coccothrinax yuraguana
Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 13: 116. 1939; Coccothrinax (A. Rich.) León var. orientalis León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat.
miraguama (Kunth) Becc. subsp. havanensis (León) Borhidi & “Felipe Poey” 13: 121. 1939; Coccothrinax yuraguana (A. Rich.)
O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 58: 175. 1971. León subsp. orientalis (León) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 17: 2. 1972 [“1971”].
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 3, 147.
Cuba (39). Coccothrinax pauciramosa Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad.
Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Becc. var. roseocarpa León, Mem. Handl., ser. 3, 6 (7): 12. 1929.
Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 13: 117. 1939; Coccothrinax Coccothrinax muricata León subsp. savannarum (León) Borhidi &
miraguama (Kunth) Becc. subsp. roseocarpa (León) Borhidi & O.  Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 58: 176. 1971; Coccothrinax muricata
O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 58: 175. 1971. León var. savannarum León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe
number 9 8 • 75
Poey” 13: 130. 1939; Coccothrinax savannarum (León) O. Muñiz Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
& Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 27: 452. 1982 [“1981”]. References: 147, 218.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Coccothrinax torrida Morici & Verdecia, Brittonia 58: 190. 2006.
References: 3, 39, 147, 427. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Coccothrinax trinitensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Hung. 31:
Coccothrinax proctorii Read, Phytologia 46: 285. 1980. 228. 1985.
Distribution: Endemic to Cayman Islands. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 4, 147. References: 147, 149.
Coccothrinax pseudorigida León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Coccothrinax victorinii León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe
Poey” 13: 145. 1939. Poey” 13: 139. 1939.
Coccothrinax pseudorigida León var. acaulis León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 13: 146. 1939. References: 3, 39, 147, 320.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Common Name: Yuraguana vestida (Cuba). Cuba (39).
References: 39, 132, 147, 320.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Coccothrinax yunquensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
Cuba (39). Hung. 27: 447. 1982 [“1981”].
Coccothrinax pseudorigida León var. acaulis León = Coccothrinax References: 39, 147, 149.
pseudorigida León Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Coccothrinax pumila Borhidi & J.A. Hern., Acta Bot. Hung. 38: 195. Cuba (39).
1995. [“1993-1994”]. Coccothrinax yuraguana (A. Rich.) León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. “Felipe Poey” 13: 119. 1939; Thrinax yuraguana A. Rich. in R. de
References: 147, 149. la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 278. 1850.
Coccothrinax rigida (Griseb. & Wendl.) Becc., Webbia 2: 299. 1907; Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Thrinax rigida Griseb. & H. Wendl., Cat. Pl. Cub. 221. 1866. Common Names: Miraguano, Miraguano de loma (Cuba).
Common Name: Palma thrinax rígida (Cuba). Coccothrinax yuraguana (A. Rich.) León subsp. moensis Borhidi
References: 3, 132, 147. & O. Muñiz = Coccothrinax moensis (Borhidi & O. Muñiz)
Coccothrinax sabana L.H.Bailey = Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. ex O. Muñiz
Mart.) Becc. Coccothrinax yuraguana (A. Rich.) León subsp. orientalis (León)
Coccothrinax salvatoris León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Borhidi = Coccothrinax orientalis (León) O. Muñiz & Borhidi
Poey” 13: 125. 1939, var. salvatoris Coccothrinax yuraguana (A. Rich.) León var. orientalis León =
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Coccothrinax orientalis (León) O. Muñiz & Borhidi
Common Name: Yuraguana (Cuba).
References: 3, 132, 147, 320. Cocops rivalis O.F. Cook = Calyptrogyne rivalis (O.F. Cook) León
Coccothrinax salvatoris León var. loricata León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Cocos aculeata Jacq. = Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.
Nat. “Felipe Poey” 13: 127. 1939; Coccothrinax salvatoris León Cocos crispa Kunth = Acrocomia crispa (Kunth) C.F. Baker ex Becc.
subsp. loricata (León) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist.
Cocos nucifera L., Sp. Pl. 1188. 1753.
Nat. “Felipe Poey” 13: 127. 1939.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St. John,
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Barbados, St. Lucia), Margarita, and Central America; native to
Cuba (39).
Malesia and Pacific Region coastal regions.
Coccothrinax salvatoris León subsp. loricata (León) Borhidi & Common Names: Coconut (Bahamas), Palma de cocos, Coco, Coco
O. Muñiz = Coccothrinax salvatoris León var. loricata León indio, Coco blanco, Coco morado, Cocotero (Cuba), Coco, Mata
Coccothrinax sanctae-thomae Becc. = Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. de coco, Palma de coco, Cocotero, Cocoyé (Dominican Republic),
ex Mart.) Becc. Noix de cocos (Guadaloupe), Cocotier (Guadaloupe), Cocoyeur,
Noix de coco, Cocotier, Noix de conoc, Coco lait (Haiti), Coconut
Coccothrinax savannarum (León) O. Muñiz & Borhidi = Coccothrinax (Lesser Antilles), Cocotier (Martinique), Palma de cocos, Coco,
pauciramosa Burret Cocotero (Puerto Rico), Coconut palm, Coconut (Virgin Islands).
Coccothrinax saxicola León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” References: 1, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 45, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150, 323,
13: 141. 1939. 383.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Colpothrinax wrightii Griseb. & H. Wendl. ex Voss in O.C.E. de
References: 3, 147, 320. Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers: 241. 1878; Pritchardia
Coccothrinax scoparia Becc., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 95. wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl. ex Voss) Becc., Webbia 2: 203.
1908. 1908.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 5, 147. Common Name: Barrigona (Cuba).
References: 3, 39, 147, 427.
Coccothrinax spissa L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 4: 253. 1939.
Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Common Names: Yarey de tejer, Yarey macho (Cuba).
Copernicia baileyana León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 22. 1931.
Cuba (39).
Copernicia baileyana León var. laciniosa León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist.
Nat. “Felipe Poey” 10: 224. 1936. Copernicia curtissii Becc., Webbia 2: 176. 1907.
Copernicia baileyana León var. laciniosa León f. bifida León, Mem. Copernicia clarensis León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 15. 1931;
Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 10: 255. 1936. Copernicia hospita Mart. var. clarensis (León) León, Mem. Soc.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 10: 219. 1936.
Common Names: Yarey hembra (Cuba), Yarey cubano (Dominican Copernicia pauciflora Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl.,
Republic). ser. 3, 6(7): 8. 1929.
References: 3, 123, 132, 147, 218, 320. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 147.
Copernicia baileyana León var. laciniosa León = Copernicia baileyana
León Copernicia ekmanii Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser.
3, 6(7): 5. 1929.
Copernicia baileyana León var. laciniosa León f. bifida León =
Copernicia baileyana León
Common Name: Homme de paille (Haiti).
Copernicia barbadensis (Lodd. ex Mart.) H. Wendl. = Coccothrinax References: 5, 123, 147, 427.
barbadensis (Lodd. ex Mart.) Becc. Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Copernicia berteroana Becc., Webbia 2: 150. 1907. Species.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Copernicia escarzana León = Copernicia hospita Mart.
Common Names: Latanier caye, Yarey (Haiti).
Copernicia excelsa León = Copernicia gigas Ekman ex Burret
References: 5, 147.
Copernicia fallaensis León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 21. 1931.
Copernicia brittonorum León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 19. 1931.
Copernicia brittonorum León var. acuta León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist.
Nat. “Felipe Poey” 10: 222. 1936.
Copernicia brittonorum León var. sabaloense León, Mem. Soc. Cub.
Cuba (39).
Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 10: 223. 1936.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Copernicia gigas Ekman ex Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad.
Common Names: Jata de costa, Jata de monte, Yarey de costa (Cuba). Handl., ser. 3, 6(7): 3. 1929.
References: 3, 39, 132, 147, 320, 427. Copernicia excelsa León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 26. 1931.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Common Names: Barrigón, Hediondo, Yareyón (Cuba).
Species. References: 3, 39, 132, 147, 320, 427.
Copernicia brittonorum León var. acuta León = Copernicia brittonorum
León
Copernicia glabrescens H. Wendl. ex Becc., Webbia 2: 170. 1908, var.
Copernicia brittonorum León var. sabaloense León = Copernicia
glabrescens
brittonorum León
Copernicia glabrescens H. Wendl. ex Becc. var. havanensis León, Mem.
Copernicia burretiana León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 10: 217. 1936.
Copernicia leoniana Dahlgren & Glassman, Principes 2: 103. 1958. Common Names: Guano blanco, Palma blanco (Cuba).
Copernicia macroglossa sensu León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 41. References: 3, 147.
1931, not H. Wendl. ex Becc.
Copernicia glabrescens H. Wendl. ex Becc. var. havanensis León =
Copernicia glabrescens H. Wendl. ex Becc. var. glabrescens
References: 3, 39, 147, 320, 614.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Copernicia glabrescens H. Wendl. ex Becc. var. ramosissima (Burret)
Cuba (39). O. Muñiz & Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 28: 332. 1982.
Copernicia ramosissima Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl.,
Copernicia clarensis León = Copernicia curtissii Becc.
ser. 3, 6(7): 7. 1929.
Copernicia clarkii León = Copernicia oxycalyx Burret Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Copernicia cowellii Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 17. References: 39, 147.
1914. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Common Names: Jata, Jata enana (Cuba). Copernicia holguinensis León = Copernicia yarey Burret var. yarey
References: 3, 39, 132, 147.
Copernicia hospita Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 243. 1838.
Copernicia x escarzana León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 12. 1931.
Cuba (39).
Copernicia curbeloi León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 23. 1931. Common Names: Guano hediondo, Jata, Palma copernicia hospita,
Copernicia molinetii León var. cuneata León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Palma guano hediondo (Cuba).
Nat. “Felipe Poey” 10: 216. 1936. References: 3, 147.
Copernicia sueroana (León) León var. semiorbicularis León, Mem. Soc.
Copernicia hospita Mart. var. clarensis León = Copernicia curtissii Becc
Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 10: 216. 1936.
number 9 8 • 77
Copernicia humicola León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” Copernicia sueroana León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 14. 1931.
Common Names: Palma yarey, Yarey (Cuba). Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Copernicia leoniana Dahlgren & Glassman = Copernicia burretiana Copernicia textilis León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 24. 1931.
León Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Copernicia longiglossa León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey”
10: 210. 1936.
Cuba (39).
References: 3, 147, 320. Copernicia torreana León = Copernicia macroglossa H. Wendl. ex Becc.
Copernicia macroglossa H. Wendl. ex Becc., Webbia 2: 177. 1907. Copernicia x vespertilionum León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 27.
Copernicia torreana León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 10. 1931. 1931.
Common Name: Jata de guanabacoa (Cuba). References: 3, 39, 147.
References: 3, 147. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Copernicia macroglossa sensu León = Copernicia burretiana León
Copernicia wrightii Griseb. & H. Wendl. = Acoelorrhaphe wrightii
Copernicia molinetii León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 25. 1931.
(Griseb. & H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Becc.
Common Names: Palma yarey, Yarey (Cuba). Copernicia yarey Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. 3,
References: 3, 132, 147. 6(7): 7. 1929, var. yarey
Copernicia holguinensis León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 18. 1931.
Copernicia molinetii León var. cuneata León = Copernicia curbeloi León
Copernicia occidentalis León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Common Names: Yarey, Yarey hediondo (Cuba).
Poey” 10: 218. 1936. References: 3, 147.
Copernicia yarey Burret var. robusta León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat.
“Felipe Poey” 10: 221. 1936.
Cuba (39).
References: 3, 614.
Copernicia oxycalyx Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl.,
Corypha maritima Kunth = Sabal maritima (Kunth) Burret
ser. 3, 6(7): 6. 1929.
Copernicia clarkii León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 10: Corypha palmetto Walter = Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. &
213. 1936. Schult. f.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Curima colophylla O.F. Cook = Aiphanes acanthophylla (Mart.) Burret
References: 3, 132, 147, 614.
Cyclospathe northropi O.F. Cook = Pseudophoenix sargentii H. Wendl.
Copernicia pauciflora Burret = Copernicia curtissii Becc. ex Sarg.
Copernicia ramosissima Burret = Copernicia glabrescens H. Wendl. ex Desmoncus polyacanthos Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 85. 1824.
Becc. var. ramosissima (Burret) O. Muñiz & Borhidi Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Martinique, St.
Copernicia rigida Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 17. Vincent) and South America.
Copernicia oxycalyx Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. Dictyosperma album (Bory) Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 1: 157.
3, 6(7): 6. 1929. 1876.
Copernicia rigida Britton & P. Wilson f. fissilingua León, Mem. Soc. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Mascarenes.
Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 10: 210. 1936. References: 147, 248.
Common Names: Jata, Jata guatacuda, Jata sin espinas (Cuba). Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) Beentje & J. Dransf., Palms Madagascar:
References: 3, 132, 147. 212. 1995; Chrysalidocarpus lutescens (Bory) H. Wendl., Bot.
Zeitung (Berlin) 36. 171. 1878.
Copernicia rigida Britton & P. Wilson f. fissilingua León = Copernicia Chrysalidocarpus glaucescens Waby, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1923:
rigida Britton & P. Wilson 373. 1923.
Copernicia roigii León, Revista Soc. Geogr. Cuba 4: 17. 1931. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Islands (Guana), Lesser Antilles (Saba), and Margarita; native to
Common Name: Yarey de sabana (Cuba). Madagascar.
References: 3, 147. References: 2, 28, 61, 147, 150, 220, 237, 248, 252, 323, 383.
Copernicia x shaferi Dahlgren & Glassman, Principes 3: 88. 1959. Elaeis guineensis Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 280. 1763.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to
References: 39, 147. tropical Africa.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 28, 147, 248.
Cuba (39). Elaeis occidentalis Sw. = Calyptrogyne occidentalis (Sw.) M. Gómez
Copernicia sueroana (León) León var. semiorbicularis León = Euterpe broadwayi Becc. ex Broadway, Bull. Dept. Agric. Trinidad &
Copernicia curbeloi León Tobago 15: 174. 1916.
Euterpe broadwayana Becc., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 436. Geonoma martinicensis Mart. = Geonoma interrupta (Ruiz & Pav.)
1920. Mart.
Euterpe dominicana L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 4: 375. 1940. Geonoma oxycarpa Mart. = Geonoma interrupta (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada), Tobago,
and Trinidad. Geonoma plumeriana Mart. = Calyptrogyne plumeriana (Mart.) Roncal
References: 1, 147. Geonoma swartzii (Griseb.) Griseb. = Calyptrogyne occidentalis (Sw.)
Euterpe broadwayana Becc. = Euterpe broadwayi Becc. ex Broadway M. Gómez
Euterpe caribaea Spreng. = Roystonea oleracea O.F. Cook Geonoma undata Klotzsch, Linnaea 20: 452. 1847.
Geonoma dussiana Becc., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 436. 1920.
Euterpe dominicana L.H. Bailey = Euterpe broadwayi Becc. ex Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Broadway Martinique, St. Lucia), Mexico, Central America, and South
Euterpe globosa Gaertn. = Prestoea montana (R. Graham) America.
G. Nicholson References: 1, 147.
Gastrococos armentalis Morales = Acrocomia crispa (Kunth) C.F. Baker Haitiella ekmanii (Burret) L.H. Bailey = Coccothrinax ekmanii Burret
ex Becc. Haitiella munizii (Borhidi) Borhidi = Coccothrinax munizii Borhidi
Gaussia attenuata (O.F. Cook) Becc., Pomona Coll. J. Econ. Bot. 2: *Hemithrinax compacta (Griseb. & Wendl.) M. Gómez, Noc. Bot.
275. 1912; Aeria attenuata O.F. Cook, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: Sist. 51. 1893; Trithrinax compacta Griseb. & H. Wendl., Cat. Pl.
548. 1901. Cub. 221. 1866; Thrinax compacta (Griseb. & Wendl.) Borhidi &
Gaussia portoricensis H. Wendl. in O.C.E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Hung. 31: 226. 1985.
Palmiers: 245. 1878. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Common Names: Palma caule, Yarey, Yuraguancillo (Cuba).
Puerto Rico. References: 3, 39, 66, 132, 147.
Common Names: Palma de lluvia (Dominican Republic), Llume, Palma Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
de lluvia (Puerto Rico). Cuba (39).
References: 28, 35, 61, 123, 131, 147, 421, 427.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened *Hemithrinax ekmaniana Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad.
Species. Handl., ser. 3, 6(7): 9. 1929; Thrinax ekmaniana (Burret) Borhidi
& O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Hung. 31: 227. 1985.
Gaussia portoricensis H. Wendl. = Gaussia attenuata (O.F. Cook) Becc. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Gaussia princeps H. Wendl., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts- References: 3, 39, 66, 147, 427.
Univ. 1865: 328. 1865. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cuba (39) and critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Common Names: Palma barrigona de sierra, Palma de sierra, Palma de Threatened Species.
sierra barringona (Cuba). *Hemithrinax rivularis León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey”
References: 3, 132, 147. 15: 380. 1941, var. rivularis; Thrinax rivularis (León) Borhidi &
Gaussia spirituana Moya & Leiva, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. O. Muñiz var. rivularis, Acta Bot. Hung. 31: 226. 1985.
Habana 12: 16. 1993 [“1991”]. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 39, 147, 427. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba (39).
Cuba (39) and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened *Hemithrinax rivularis León var. savannarum (León) O. Muñiz, Acta
Species. Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 312. 1982; Hemithrinax savannarum
Geonoma dominicana L.H. Bailey = Geonoma interrupta (Ruiz & Pav.) León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 15: 381. 1941;
Mart. Thrinax rivularis (León) Borhidi & O. Muñiz var. savannarum
(León) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Hung. 31: 226. 1985.
Geonoma dulcis C. Wright ex Griseb. = Calyptrogyne plumeriana
(Mart.) Roncal
References: 3, 39, 66, 147.
Geonoma dussiana Becc. = Geonoma undata Klotzsch Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Geonoma intermedia (H. Wendl.) B.S. Williams = Calyptrogyne Cuba (39).
plumeriana (Mart.) Roncal Hemithrinax savannarum León = Hemithrinax rivularis León var.
Geonoma interrupta (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 8. 1823; savannarum (León) O. Muñiz
Martinezia interrupta Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 296. Howea belmoreana (C. Moore & F. Muell.) Becc., Malesia 1: 66. 1877.
1798. Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to Lord
Geonoma dominicana L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 4: 232. 1939. Howe Is., Australia.
Geonoma martinicensis Mart. in A.D. d’Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Mer. 7(3): References: 28, 61, 248.
28. 1843.
Howea forsteriana (C. Moore & F. Muell.) Becc., Malesia 1: 66. 1877.
Geonoma oxycarpa Mart. in A.D. d’Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Mer. 7(3): 30.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Lord Howe Is., Australia.
1843.
Reference: 248.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Mexico, Central America, Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 226. 1838.
and South America. Distribution: Exotic in Curaçao; native to Africa.
number 9 8 • 79
Inodes causiarum O.F. Cook = Sabal causiarum (O.F. Cook) Becc. Porothrinax pumilio H. Wendl. ex Griseb. = Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex
Schult. & Schult. f.
Inodes glauca Dammer = Sabal causiarum (O.F. Cook) Becc.
Prestoea acuminata (Willd.) H.E. Moore var. montana (Graham) A.J.
Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 240. 1838.
Hend. & Galeano = Prestoea montana (R. Graham) G. Nicholson
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to Asia.
References: 28, 61, 147, 248. Prestoea montana (R. Graham) G. Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 3: 216. 1886;
Prestoea acuminata (Willd.) H.E. Moore var. montana (Graham) A.J.
Manicaria saccifera Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 468. 1791.
Hend. & Galeano, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 72: 53. 1996.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Central America and South
Acrista monticola O.F. Cook, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 557. 1901.
America.
Euterpe globosa Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 24. 1788.
Reference: 147.
Oreodoxa oleracea sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 114.
Martinezia acanthophylla (Mart.) Becc. = Aiphanes acanthophylla 1883, non Mart.
(Mart.) Burret Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Martinezia interrupta Ruiz & Pav. = Geonoma interrupta (Ruiz & Pav.) Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Mart. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Kitts, St.
Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent).
Maximiliana crassispatha Mart. = Attalea crassispatha (Mart.) Burret Common Names: Palmiste chou (Dominica), Palmiste montagne
Oreodoxa caribaea (Spreng.) Dammer & Urb. = Roystonea oleracea (Dominica), Manacla (Dominican Republic), Mountain palm
O.F. Cook (Grenada), Chou montagne, Palmiste montagne, Palmiste rouge
(Guadeloupe), Chou montagne, Palmiste montagne (Martinique),
Oreodoxa oleracea sensu Bello = Prestoea montana (R. Graham)
Mountain cabbage (Montserrat), Chou palmiste, Mountain
G. Nicholson
cabbage (Nevis), Palma de sierra (Puerto Rico), Mountain
Oreodoxa regia Kunth = Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook cabbage (Saba), Mountain cabbage (St. Kitts), Palmiste (St. Lucia),
Oreodoxa regia sensu Bello = Roystonea oleracea O.F. Cook Mountain palm (St. Vincent).
References: 1, 3, 28, 30, 61, 123, 131, 147, 152.
Palma altissima Mill. = Roystonea altissima (Mill.) H.E. Moore
Pritchardia pacifica Seem. & H. Wendl, Bonplandia (Hannover) 10:
Palma argentata Jacq. = Coccothrinax argentata (Jacq.) L.H. Bailey 197. 1862.
Paurotis androsana O.F. Cook = Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Griseb. & Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Margarita; native
H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Becc. to Tonga (Pacific Region).
References: 28, 61, 147, 248, 323.
Paurotis wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) Britton = Acoelorrhaphe
wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Becc. Pritchardia wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl. ex Voss) Becc. =
Colpothrinax wrightii Griseb. & H. Wendl. ex Voss
Phoenix dactylifera L., Sp. Pl. 1188. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Pseudophoenix ekmanii Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl.,
Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla), and Margarita; ser. 3, 6(7): 19. 1929.
native to Eurasia. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Names: Dátil, Palma dátil (Cuba), Datil, Datilero, Palma Common Names: Caheo, Palma de cacheo (Dominican Republic).
dáctil, Palma dátil (Dominican Republic), Dattes, Dattier (Haiti), References: 5, 123, 147, 427.
Dátiles (Puerto Rico). Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
References: 1, 4, 5, 19, 28, 61, 123, 131, 147, 230, 323, 464. Threatened Species.
Phoenix reclinata Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 27. 1800. Pseudophoenix elata O.F. Cook ex Burret = Pseudophoenix lediniana
Phoenix spinosa Schumach. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 437. 1827. Read
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and Lesser Antilles Pseudophoenix gracilis Ekman ex Burret = Pseudophoenix sargentii
(Antigua); native to Africa and Madgascar. H. Wendl. ex Sarg.
Common Name: Dátil de Senegal (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 28, 61, 131, 147, 150. Pseudophoenix insignis O.F. Cook = Pseudophoenix vinifera (Mart.) Becc.
Phoenix roebelenii O’ Brien, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 6: 475. 1889. Pseudophoenix lediniana Read, Gentes Herb. 10: 189. 1968.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Pseudophoenix elata O.F. Cook ex Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.
Croix), and Lesser Antilles; native to southeast Asia. Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 6(7): 21. 1929.
Common Names: Robelini (Dominican Republic), Palma de dátil enana Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
(Puerto Rico). Common Names: Palme marrón (Dominican Republic), Pti-coco (Haiti).
References: 1, 123, 131, 147, 230. References: 5, 123, 147, 427.
Phoenix rupicola T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 13. 1871. Threatened Species.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and Lesser
Antilles; native to Bhutan and India. Pseudophoenix linearis O.F. Cook = Pseudophoenix sargentii H. Wendl.
Common Names: Dátil del sur (Cuba), Dátil de las rocas (Puerto Rico). ex Sarg.
References: 1, 28, 61, 147. Pseudophoenix navassana Ekman ex Burret = Pseudophoenix sargentii
Phoenix spinosa Schumach. & Thonn. = Phoenix reclinata Jacq. H. Wendl. ex Sarg.
Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: 787. 1832. Pseudophoenix saonae O.F. Cook = Pseudophoenix sargentii H. Wendl.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and Lesser Antilles; ex Sarg.
native to India and Pakistan. Pseudophoenix sargentii H. Wendl. ex Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 11: 314. 1886.
Common Name: Dátil silvestre (Puerto Rico). Cyclospathe northropi O.F. Cook, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 25.
References: 1, 28, 147. 1902.
Pseudophoenix gracilis Ekman ex Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Roystonea peregrina L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 8: 127. 1949.
Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 6(7): 28. 1929. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola, Puerto
Pseudophoenix linearis M.T. Cook, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 407. 1923. Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John).
Pseudophoenix navassana Ekman ex Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Common Names: Palma de yaguas, Palma real, Palma real
Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 6(7): 27. 1929. puertorriqueña (Puerto Rico), Puerto Rico royal palm (Virgin
Pseudophoenix saonae O.F. Cook, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 406. 1923; Islands).
Pseudophoenix sargentii H. Wendl. ex Sarg. subsp. saonae (O.F. References: 19, 28, 61, 147, 156, 317.
Cook) Read var. saonae Read, Gentes Herb. 10: 210. 1968. Roystonea caribaea (Spreng.) P. Wilson = Roystonea oleracea O.F. Cook
Pseudophoenix vinifera sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 61. 1920,
non (Mart.) Becc. Roystonea elata (W. Bartram) F. Harper = Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico (Mona Cook
Is.), Lesser Antilles (Dominica), United States (FL), and Mexico. Roystonea hispaniolana L.H. Bailey = Roystonea borinquena O.F. Cook
Common Names: Buccaneer palm, Hog cabbage-palm, Hog palmetto
Roystonea hispaniolana L.H. Bailey f. altissima Moscoso = Roystonea
(Bahamas), Palma de Guinea (Cuba), Cacheo, Palma de cacheo
borinquena O.F. Cook
(Dominican Republic).
References: 5, 28, 45, 61, 123, 132, 147, 150, 156. Roystonea jamaicana L.H. Bailey = Roystonea altissima (Mill.) H.E.
Moore
Pseudophoenix sargentii H. Wendl. ex Sarg. subsp. saonae (O.F. Cook)
Read var. saonae Read = Pseudophoenix sargentii H. Wendl. ex Sarg. Roystonea lenis León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 17: 8.
1943.
Pseudophoenix vinifera (Mart.) Becc., Pomona Coll. J. Econ. Bot.
Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook var. pinguis L.H. Bailey, Gentes
2: 268. 1912; Gaussia vinifera (Mart.) H. Wendl. in O.C.E. de
Herb. 3: 378. 1935.
Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers: 245. 1878.
Pseudophoenix insignis O.F. Cook, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 400. 1923.
Common Name: Palma de seda (Cuba).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic); cultivated
References: 3, 39, 147, 427.
in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands.
Common Names: Cacheo, Caesi, Caicha, Catey, Chacha, Palma de
cacheo, Palma de guinea (Dominican Republic), Casei, Cathier,
Catie, Palme marrón, Palmiste, Palmiste à vin Palmiste ea vin, Roystonea maisiana (L.H. Bailey) Zona, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 71:
Palmiste male (Haiti), Palma de cacheo, Palma guinea (Puerto Rico). 22. 1996; Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook var. maisiana L.H.
References: 5, 28, 123, 131, 147. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 3: 376. 1935.
Pseudophoenix vinifera sensu Britton & Millsp. = Pseudophoenix
vinifera (Mart.) Becc.
Ptychosperma elegans Blume, Rumphia 2: 118. 1843. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Australia.
Roystonea oleracea O.F. Cook, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 554. 1901.
Euterpe caribaea Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 140. 1825; Oreodoxa
Ptychosperma macarthurii (H. Wendl. ex H.J. Veitch) H. Wendl. ex caribaea (Spreng.) Dammer & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 4:
Hook. f., Rep. Progr. Condition Roy. Bot. Gard. Kew 1882: 55. 129. 1903; Roystonea caribaea (Spreng.) P. Wilson, Bull. New
1884. York Bot. Gard. 8: 385. 1917.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Barbados), and Oreodoxa regia sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 114. 1883,
Margarita; native to Australia and New Guinea. non Kunth.
References: 147, 248, 323, 383. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica,
Reinhardtia paiewonskiana Read, Zanoni, & M.M. Mejía, Brittonia Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia) and South America; cultivated
39: 20. 1987. in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Virgin Gorda).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Names: Palmeto royall (Barbados), Cabbage palm
Common Names: Coco macaco, Coquito (Dominican Republic). (Barbados), Cabbage palm (Dominica), Chou palmiste
References: 8, 123, 147, 288. (Guadeloupe), Palmier franc (Guadeloupe), Caribee royal, Royal
palm (Lesser Antilles), Chou palmiste (Martinique), Chaguaramo,
Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.) Henry, J. Arnold Arbor. 11: 153. 1930. Palma real (Puerto Rico), Palmist franc (St. Barthélemy).
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Margarita; native References: 1, 30, 61, 123, 131, 147, 228, 340.
to southeast Asia.
References: 28, 147, 248, 323. Roystonea peregrina L.H. Bailey = Roystonea borinquena O.F. Cook
Rhyticocos amara (Jacq.) Becc. = Syagrus amara (Jacq.) Mart. in A.D. Roystonea princeps (Becc.) Burret, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 63: 76. 1929;
d’Orbigny Oreodoxa princeps Becc., Pomona Coll. J. Econ. Bot. 2: 266. 1912.
Roystonea altissima (Mill.) H.E. Moore, Gentes Herb. 9: 239. 1963; Common Names: Morass royal, Swamp cabbage (Jamaica).
Palma altissima Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. References: 2, 147, 427.
Roystonea jamaicana L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 3: 384. 1935. Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Species.
Common Name: Mountain cabbage (Jamaica).
References: 2, 147. Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook, Science, n. s., 12: 479. 1900;
Oreodoxa regia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Roystonea borinquena O.F. Cook, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 552. 1901. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 305. 1816.
Roystonea hispaniolana L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 4: 268. 1939. Roystonea elata (W. Bartram) F. Harper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 59: 29.
Roystonea hispaniolana L.H. Bailey f. altissima Moscoso, Cat. Fl. 1946.
Domingensis 1: 63. 1943.
number 9 8 • 81
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Sabal jamaicensis Becc. = Sabal maritima (Kunth) Burret
United States (FL), Mexico, and Central America; cultivated in Sabal maritima (Kunth) Burret, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32:
Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas). 101. 1933; Corypha maritima Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt,
Common Names: Palma criolla, Palma real (Cuba), Palma, Palma real, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 298. 1816.
Palmiste (Dominican Republic), Palma de yaguas, Palma de yaguas Sabal florida Becc., Webbia 2: 46. 1907.
cubana, Palma real cubana (Puerto Rico). Sabal jamaicensis Becc., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 94. 1908.
References: 3, 4, 5, 28, 45, 61, 66, 123, 131, 147, 150. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica.
Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook var. maisiana L.H. Bailey = Common names: Guano blanco, Guana cana, guano rabo de cote,
Roystonea maisiana (L.H. Bailey) Zona palma, palma cana, palmeto (Cuba), Bull tatch (Jamaica).
References: 2, 3, 34, 147.
Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook var. pinguis L.H. Bailey =
Roystonea lenis León Sabal neglecta Becc. = Sabal domingensis Becc.
Roystonea stellata León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 17: Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer &
11. 1943. J.A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1487. 1830; Corypha palmetto Walter,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Fl. Carol. 119. 1788.
References: 3, 39, 147, 427. Sabal bahamensis (Becc.) L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 6: 417. 1944.
Note: Considered extinct by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba Sabal parviflora Becc., Webbia 2: 43. 1907.
(39) and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and southeastern United States.
Common Names: Hat palmetto, Pond thatch, Pond-top (Bahamas),
Roystonea violacea León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 17:
Palmeto (Cuba).
10. 1943.
References: 3, 34, 45, 147.
Common Name: Palma criolla azul (Cuba). Sabal parviflora Becc. = Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. &
References: 3, 39, 147. Schult. f.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Sabal questeliana L.H. Bailey = Sabal causiarum (O.F. Cook) Becc.
Cuba (39).
Sabal umbraculifera sensu Bello = Sabal causiarum (O.F. Cook) Becc.
Sabal bahamensis (Becc.) L.H. Bailey = Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd.
ex Schult. & Schult. f. Sabal yapa C. Wright ex Becc., Webbia 2: 64. 1907.
Sabal mayara Bartlett, Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 461(2): 35. 1935.
Sabal bermudana L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 3: 326. 1934. Distribution: Native to Cuba and Yucatan Penninsula.
Sabal blackburniana sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Common names : Cana, Cana japa, Chagareta, Guano blanco,
Virgin Islands 5: 116. 1923, non Glazebr. Miraguano, Palma cana, Palma cana del monte, Palma guano
Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas); native to (Cuba).
Bermuda. References: 3, 34, 147.
References: 23, 61, 147, 427.
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Syagrus amara (Jacq.) Mart. in A.D. d’Orbigny, Voy. Amér. Mér. 7(3):
Species. 132. 1847; Rhyticocos amara (Jacq.) Becc., Malpighia 1: 353.
1886.
Sabal blackburniana sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Sabal bermudiana Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
L.H. Bailey Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia).
Sabal causiarum (O.F. Cook) Becc., Webbia 2: 71. 1907; Inodes Common Names: Coco cain (Dominica), Yatahou (Dominica),
causiarum O.F. Cook, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 531. 1901. Yattahu (Dominica), Coconay (Dominica), Palmier rouman au
Inodes glauca Dammer in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 127. 1903. matouba (Guadeloupe), Petits cocos des bois (Guadeloupe),
Sabal haitensis Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 13: 293. 1931. Palmier amer (Guadeloupe), Petit coco (Guadeloupe), Coconier,
Sabal questeliana L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 6: 422. 1944. Mocho, Overtop palm, Palmiste amer (Lesser Antilles), Petit coco
Sabal umbraculifera sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 114. (Martinique), Moca palm (Montserrat), Gloughlou (St. Lucia).
1883, non Mart. References: 1, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman, Fieldiana, Bot. 31: 382. 1968.
Rico, and Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, Tortola, Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico.
Virgin Gorda); cultivated in the Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia) and Reference: 147.
elswhere.
Common Names: Cana, Palma cana (Dominican Republic), Latanier Thrinax acuminata Griseb. & H. Wendl. ex Sarg. = Coccothrinax
chepeau (Haiti), Plama de escoba, Palma de sombrero, Yaray, miraguama (Kunth) Becc. var. miraguama
Yarey (Puerto Rico). Thrinax argentea Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f. = Coccothrinax argentea
References: 1, 19, 28, 30, 34, 61, 123, 131, 147, 156, 340. (Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Sarg. ex Becc.
Sabal domingensis Becc., Webbia 2: 49. 1907. Thrinax argentea sensu Eggers = Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. ex
Sabal neglecta Becc., Webbia 2: 40. 1907. Mart.) Becc.
Thrinax bahamensis O.F. Cook = Thrinax morrisii H. Wendl.
Hispaniola.
Common Names: Cana, Palma cana (Dominican Republic), Latanier Thrinax compacta (Griseb. & Wendl.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz =
chapeau (Haiti). Hemithrinax compacta (Griseb. & Wendl.) M. Gómez
References: 5, 123, 147. Thrinax crinita Griseb. & H. Wendl. ex C. Wright = Coccothrinax
Sabal florida Becc. = Sabal maritima (Kunth) Burret crinita (Griseb. & H. Wendl. ex C. Wright) Becc. subsp. crinita
Sabal haitensis Becc. = Sabal causiarum (O.F. Cook) Becc. Thrinax drudei Becc. = Thrinax morrisii H. Wendl.
Thrinax ekmaniana (Burret) Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Hemithrinax Thrinax montana Lodd. ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 320. 1853.
ekmaniana Burret Thrinax parviflora sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 59. 1920, non Sw.
Thrinax wendlandiana Becc., Webbia 2: 265. 1907.
Thrinax ekmanii Burret = Thrinax morrisii H. Wendl.
Thrinax excelsa Lodd. ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 320. 1853. United States (FL), Mexico, and Central America.
Thrinax rex Britton & Harris, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 352. 1910. Common Names: Large-fruited thatch-palm (Bahamas), Palmetto
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. (Barbuda), Guano de costa (Dominican Republic).
Common Name: Broad thatch (Jamaica). References: 3, 4, 5, 45, 61, 123, 124, 147, 150.
References: 2, 147, 149. Note: Cited for Jamaica by World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Thrinax harrisiana Becc. = Thrinax parviflora Sw. subsp. parviflora (147).
Thrinax longistyla Becc. = Coccothrinax argentea (Lodd. ex Schult. & Thrinax rex Britton & Harris = Thrinax excelsa Lodd. ex Mart.
Schult. f.) Sarg. ex Becc. Thrinax rigida Griseb. & H. Wendl. = Coccothrinax rigida (Griseb. &
Thrinax maritima Lodd. ex Mart. = Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex Schult. Wendl.) Becc.
& Schult. f. Thrinax rivularis (León) Borhidi & O. Muñiz var. rivularis =
Thrinax martii Griseb. = Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f. Hemithrinax rivularis León var. rivularis
Thrinax microcarpa Sarg. = Thrinax morrisii H. Wendl. Thrinax tessellata Becc. = Thrinax parviflora Sw. subsp. parviflora
Thrinax miraguama (Kunth) Mart. = Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Thrinax wendlandiana Becc. = Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex Schult. &
Becc. var. miraguama Schult. f.
Thrinax montana Lodd. ex Mart. = Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex Schult. & Thrinax yuraguana A. Rich. = Coccothrinax yuraguana (A. Rich.) León
Schult. f. Thrincoma alta O.F. Cook = Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. ex
Thrinax morrisii H. Wendl., Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 11: 104. 1892. Mart.) Becc.
Thrinax bahamensis O.F. Cook, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 20. 1902. Thringis latifrons O.F. Cook = Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. ex
Thrinax drudei Becc., Webbia 2: 269. 1907. Mart.) Becc.
Thrinax ekmanii Burret, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. 3,
Thringis laxa O.F. Cook = Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. ex Mart.)
6(7): 27. 1929.
Becc.
Thrinax microcarpa Sarg., Gard. & Forest 9: 162. 1896.
Thrinax ponceana O.F. Cook, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 536. 1901. Trithrinax compacta Griseb. & H. Wendl. = Hemithrinax compacta
Thrinax praeceps O.F. Cook, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 536. 1901. (Griseb. & Wendl.) M. Gómez
Thrinax punctulata Becc., Webbia 2: 280. 1907. Veitchia merrillii (Becc.) H.E. Moore = Adonidia merrillii (Becc.) Becc.
Islands (Anegada), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Barbuda), and United Washingtonia filifera (Linden ex André) H. Wendl. ex de Bary, Bot.
States (FL). Zeitung (Berlin) 37: 68. 1879.
Common Names: Broom palm (Anguilla), Buffalo-top, Pimetta, Small- Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands
fruited thatch-palm (Barbuda), Palma de escoba, Pandereta (St. Croix); native to the western United States and Mexico.
(Puerto Rico). Common Names: Washingtonia (Cuba), Latanier d’Afrique (Haiti),
References: 1, 3, 5, 28, 45, 61, 147, 150. Palma de abanico, Palma del desierto (Puerto Rico).
Thrinax multiflora Mart. = Coccothrinax argentea (Lodd. ex Schult. &
Schult. f.) Sarg. ex Becc. *Zombia antillarum (Descourt.) L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 4: 242.
1939; Chamaerops antillarum Descourt., Fl. Méd. Antilles 1: t.
Thrinax parviflora Sw., Prodr. 57. 1788, subsp. parviflora 28. 1821.
Thrinax harrisiana Becc., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 94. 1908. Coccothrinax anomala Becc., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 95. 1908.
Thrinax tessellata Becc., Webbia 2: 271. 1908. Zombia antillarum (Descourt.) L.H. Bailey var. gonzalezii J. Jimenez
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Alm., Rhodora 62: 236. 1960.
Common Names: Thatch pole, Broom thatch (Jamaica). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 2, 30, 147. Common Names: Guaney, Guamey, Guanillo, Guanillo espinoso
Thrinax parviflora Sw. subsp. puberula Read, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. (Dominican Republic), Latanier Zombi (Haiti).
19: 76. 1975. References: 5, 147, 152.
References: 2, 147.
Thrinax parviflora sensu Britton & Millsp. = Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex
Aristolochiaceae
Schult. & Schult. f.
Thrinax ponceana O.F. Cook = Thrinax morrisii H. Wendl. Taxa. Total: 39; native: 32; endemic: 27.
Thrinax praeceps O.F. Cook = Thrinax morrisii H. Wendl
Aristolochia anguicida Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 30. 1760.
Thrinax punctulata Becc. = Thrinax morrisii H. Wendl Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands St. Croix, St.
Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Thomas), and Lesser Antilles (Martinique); native to Mexico,
Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1301. 1830. Central America, and South America.
Porothrinax pumilio H. Wendl. ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 221. 1866. Common Name: Liane doux (Lesser Antilles).
Thrinax maritima Lodd. ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 320. 1853. References: 1, 32, 35, 61, 151, 344.
Thrinax martii Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 221. 1866; Coccothrinax martii Aristolochia appendiculata Vell. = Aristolochia trilobata L.
(Griseb.) Becc., Webbia 2: 305. 1907.
number 9 8 • 83
Aristolochia baracoensis R. Rankin, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Aristolochia elegans Mast., Gard. Chron., ser. 2, 24: 301. 1885.
Habana 10(2): 203. 1990. Aristolochia littoralis sensu Pfeifer, Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 5: 155.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 1878, non Parodi.
References: 39, 133. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of (St. Croix, St. John, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda,
Cuba (39). Guadeloupe, St. Kitts), and United States (FL); native to South
America.
Aristolochia bilabiata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1361. 1763; Howardia
Common Names: Flor del pato, Patico (Cuba), Flor de cisne, Flor de
bilabiata (L.) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.
pato, Patico, Pato (Dominican Republic), Fleur cygne (Haiti),
Berlin 1859. 611. 1859.
Duck vine (Lesser Antilles).
Aristolochia chasmema Pfeiff., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 198. 1966.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 32, 58, 123, 133, 150, 159, 224.
Common Names: Bejuco de jengibre, Jengibrillo (Dominican Republic),
Liane jambe-pieds (Haiti). Aristolochia elliptica Duchesne = Aristolochia tigrina A. Rich.
References: 7, 32, 58, 133, 344. Aristolochia fuertesii Urb. = Aristolochia punctata Lam.
Aristolochia bilabiata L. subsp. maestrensis R. Rankin = Aristolochia Aristolochia glandulosa J. Kickx f., Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 6
oblongata Jacq. subsp. maestrensis (R. Rankin) Acev.-Rodr. (2): 453. 1839.
Aristolochia bilabiata sensu Pfeiff. = Aristolochia oblongata Jacq. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
subsp. oblongata References: 3, 133, 344.
Aristolochia bilobata L., Sp. Pl. 960. 1753. Aristolochia grandiflora Sw., Prodr. 126. 1788.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands,
Common Names: Bejuco calón, Bejuco calzón, Bejuco corazón Lesser Antilles (Martinique), and Trinidad; native to Mexico and
(Dominican Republic), Brisiette, Bristol (Haiti). Central America.
References: 5, 7. Common Names: Poisoned hog meat (Jamaica), Callitos, Panitos,
Pelícano (Puerto Rico).
Aristolochia brachyura Duchesne = Aristolochia ehrenbergiana Cham.
References: 1, 2, 3, 32, 35, 61, 131, 159, 301, 344.
Aristolochia caudata Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 30. 1760.
Aristolochia grandiflora Vahl = Aristolochia ringens Vahl
References: 5, 7, 344. Aristolochia haitiensis Ekman & O.C. Schmidt, Repert. Spec. Nov.
Regni Veg. 27: 101. 1929.
Aristolochia chasmema Pfeiff. = Aristolochia bilabiata L.
Aristolochia clavidenia C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 115. 1866. References: 7, 344.
Aristolochia hastata Kunth = Aristolochia pentandra Jacq.
References: 3, 39, 133, 156, 344.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Aristolochia labiata Willd., Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 2: 101. 1809.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Brazil.
References: 7, 159.
Aristolochia clementis Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 5: 80. 1948.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Aristolochia leptosticta Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 206. 1912.
References: 3, 39, 133, 156. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 5, 7, 30.
Cuba (39). Aristolochia lindeniana Duchesne in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15
Aristolochia constricta Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: (1): 453. 1864, var. lindeniana
225. 1857. Aristolochia lindeniana Duchesne var. plagiophylla Griseb., Cat. Pl.
Distribution: Disjunct between Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Lucia) Cub. 115. 1866.
and Central America. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Name: Liane amère (Lesser Antilles). References: 3, 39, 133, 156, 344.
References: 1, 344, 344. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Aristolochia cyclochilia Duchesne = Aristolochia passiflorifolia A. Rich.
Aristolochia lindeniana Duchesne var. bissei R. Rankin, Stud. Bot.
Aristolochia x domingensis Ekman & O.C. Schmidt, Notizbl. Bot.
Univ. Salamanca 12: 244. 1994.
Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 393. 1935.
Distribution: A hybrid between A. labiata Willd. and A. trilobata L.,
Reference: 133.
reported for Brazil (artificial), Kew Botanic Gardens and Hispaniola.
Common Name: Gallito (Dominican Republic). Aristolochia lindeniana Duchesne var. plagiophylla Griseb. =
References: 7, 149, 344, 569. Aristolochia lindeniana Duchesne var. lindeniana in A.L.P.P. de
Candolle
Aristolochia ehrenbergiana Cham., Linnaea 7: 210. 1832.
Aristolochia brachyura Duchesne in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15 (1): Aristolochia linearifolia C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 115. 1866.
446. 1864. Aristolochia stenophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 281. 1902.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
References: 5, 7, 344. Hispaniola.
Common Name: Colique (Haiti).
Aristolochia ekmanii O.C. Schmidt, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 1. 1927.
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 39, 133, 244, 156, 344.
Cuba (39).
Aristolochia littoralis sensu Pfeifer = Aristolochia elegans Mast. Einomeia hastata (Kunth) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Königl. Preuss.
Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859. 625. 1859.
Aristolochia maxima Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 30. 1760.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, United States
Distribution: Disjunct between Lesser Antilles (Martinique) and Mexico
(FL, state endangered), and Mexico.
and Central America; exotic in the United States (FL).
Common Names: Coastal aristolochia, Pitcher-plant (Bahamas).
References: 2, 3, 39, 45, 133, 150.
Aristolochia mirandae L. Marión, Moscosoa 12: 18. 2002 [“2001”]. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Cuba (39).
Reference: 149.
Aristolochia punctata Lam., Encycl. 1: 253. 1783.
Aristolochia montana Ekman & O.C. Schmidt, Repert. Spec. Nov. Aristolochia fuertesii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 207. 1912.
Regni Veg. 29: 11. 1931. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). References: 5, 7, 30, 344.
References: 7, 344.
Aristolochia ringens Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 99. 1794; Howardia ringens
Aristolochia oblongata Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 29. 1797, (Vahl) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin
subsp. oblongata 1859. 607. 1859.
Aristolochia bilabiata sensu Pfeiff., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 171. Aristolochia grandiflora Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 94. 1791.
1966., non L. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Distribution: Endemic to GreaterAntilles; native to Cuba and Antilles (Guadeloupe), Margarita, and United States (FL); native
Hispaniola. to South America.
References: 3, 5, 133, 151, 159, 344. Common Names: Gallito, Patico (Dominican Republic), Dutchman’s
Aristolochia oblongata Jacq. subsp. calceiformis (Urb.) R. Rankin & pipe (Jamaica).
Acev.-Rodr., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 51: 70. 2005; Aristolochia References: 1, 2, 6, 7, 28, 32, 58, 123, 133, 150, 224, 252, 323, 344.
calceiformis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 300. 1899. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Diglosselis trinervis Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 98. 1838. Aristolochia rugosa Lam., Encycl. 1: 252. 1783.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Aristolochia obtusata Sw., Prodr. 126. 1788.
and Puerto Rico. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe,
References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 32, 35, 61, 133. Martinique, St. Vincent), Trinidad, and South America.
Aristolochia oblongata Jacq. subsp. maestrensis (R. Rankin) Acev.- Common Names: Liane fer à cheval, Marque-en-coin, Tref, Twef
Rodr., comb. nov.; Aristolochia bilabiata L. subsp. maestrensis (Lesser Antilles).
R. Rankin, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 13: 49. 1995 References: 1, 301, 344.
[“1992”]. Aristolochia samanensis O.C. Schmidt, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Dahlem 12: 393. 1935.
Reference: 133. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Aristolochia obtusata Sw. = Aristolochia rugosa Lam. References: 7, 344.
Aristolochia odoratissima L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1362. 1763. Aristolochia schottii L. Marión, Moscosoa 11: 2. 2000.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Virgin Islands (St. John), and Lesser Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba); native to Reference: 149.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Aristolochia spathulata Duchesne = Aristolochia passiflorifolia A. Rich.
Common Names: Duck, Swan (Lesser Antilles).
Aristolochia stenophylla Urb. = Aristolochia linearifolia C. Wright ex
References: 1, 2, 19, 28, 32, 35, 61, 159, 344.
Griseb.
Aristolochia ophioides L. Marión, Moscosoa 11: 3. 2000.
Aristolochia tigrina A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
194. 1850.
Reference: 149.
Aristolochia elliptica Duchesne, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 2: 51. 1854.
Aristolochia passiflorifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Bot. 11: 195. 1850. References: 3, 133, 344.
Aristolochia cyclochilia Duchesne, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 2: 45. 1854.
Aristolochia trichostoma Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 190. 1860.
Aristolochia spathulata Duchesne, Prodr. 15 (1): 448. 1864.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba.
References: 3, 133.
References: 3, 9, 45, 133, 344.
Aristolochia trifida Lam. = Aristolochia trilobata L.
Aristolochia peltata L., Sp. Pl. 960. 1753.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Aristolochia trilobata L., Sp. Pl. 960. 1753; Howardia trilobata (L.)
Hispaniola; reported for Virgin Islands (St. Thomas) by Pfeifer Klotzsch, Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859.
1966. 617. 1859.
References: 3, 5, 7, 39, 133, 344. Aristolochia appendiculata Vell., Fl. Flumin. Icon 9: t. 98. 1831
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of [“1827”].
Cuba (39). Aristolochia trifida Lam., Encycl. 1: 251. 1783.
Aristolochia trilobata Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 214. 1796,
Aristolochia pentandra Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 30. 1760; Einomeia
nom. illeg.
pentrandra (Jacq.) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Wiss. Berlin 1859. 605. 1859.
Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles
Aristolochia hastata Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
(Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 148. 1817;
number 9 8 • 85
Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Common Names: Bejuco amargo (Cuba), Gallito (Dominican Republic), Agave barbadensis Trel. = Agave karatto Mill.
Liana couresse, Pipe végétale, Tref, Tréfle caraïbe (Lesser Antilles),
Bejuco de Santiago, Cachimbo, Gallitos (Puerto Rico). Agave beauleriana Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult., Abth.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 28, 32, 58, 61, 123, 131, 133, 151, 152, Naturwiss. 1869: 50. 1869.
301, 340, 344. Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (Guana) and Lesser Antilles
(Grenada, Saba, St. Martin). Probably native to Mexico.
Aristolochia trilobata Salisb. = Aristolochia trilobata L. References: 1, 28, 147, 237.
Diglosselis trinervis Raf. = Aristolochia oblongata Jacq. subsp. Agave braceana Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 40. 1913.
calceiformis (Urb.) R. Rankin & Acev.-Rodr. Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Einomeia hastata (Kunth) Klotzsch = Aristolochia pentandra Jacq. References: 45, 147.
Einomeia pentrandra (Jacq.) Klotzsch = Aristolochia pentandra Jacq. Agave brevipetala Trel., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 362. 1927.
Howardia ringens (Vahl) Klotzsch = Aristolochia ringens Vahl
Common Name: Maguey (Dominican Republic).
EXCLUDED NAME References: 5, 147.
Aristolochia cubensis Linden, Cat. Général 11(Suppl.): 12. 1856. Agave brevispina Trel., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 363. 1927.
Reference: 152. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
A nomen nudum with unknown application for a putative Cuban species. Common Names: Agave, Galatas, Galata, Karatas, Maguey, Magüey
References: 5, 147.
Asparagaceae Agave brittoniana Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 44. 1913.
Agave brittoniana Trel. subsp. brachypus (Trel.) A. Álvarez, Fontqueria
Genera. Total: 9; native: 3; endemic: 0. 44: 121. 1996; Agave brittoniana Trel. var. brachypus Trel., Mem.
Taxa. Total: 64; native: 39; endemic: 38. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 45. 1913.
Agave brittoniana Trel. subsp. sancti-spirituensis A. Álvarez, Fontqueria
Agave acicularis Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 34. 1913.
44: 125. 1996.
Cuba (39). Agave brittoniana Trel. subsp. brachypus (Trel.) A. Álvarez = Agave
brittoniana Trel.
Agave acklinicola Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 41. 1913.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. Agave brittoniana Trel. subsp. sancti-spirituensis A. Álvarez = Agave
References: 45, 147. brittoniana Trel.
Agave albescens Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 44. 1913. Agave cacozela Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 41. 1913.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Agave americana L., Sp. Pl. 323. 1753. Agave cajalbanensis A. Álvarez, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, 1(2-3): 34. 1981 [“1980”].
Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique); native to southern References: 39, 147.
United States and Mexico. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Common Names: Maguey (Cuba), Maguey (Dominican Republic), Cuba (39).
Agave, Henequén, Maguey, Pita (Puerto Rico), Century plant Agave campanulata Sessé & Moc. = Furcraea tuberosa W.T. Aiton
(Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 4, 28, 123, 131, 132, 147, 282, 295. Agave caribaea Baker = Agave caribaeicola Trel.
Agave angustifolia Haw. = Agave vivipara L. Agave caribaeicola Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 27. 1913.
Agave caribaea Baker, Gard. Chron., n.s., 1879: 683. 1879, nom. illeg.
Agave anomala Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 36. 1913. Agave grenadina Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 25. 1913.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba. Agave medioxima Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 24. 1913.
References: 3, 45, 147. Agave unguiculata Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 29. 1913.
Agave antillarum Descourt., Fl. Méd. Antilles 4: 239. 1827, var. Agave ventum-versa Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 29. 1913.
antillanum Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Grenadines, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Hispaniola. Common Names: Langue boeuf, Lapitte (Lesser Antilles).
Common Names: Maguey, Karatas (Dominican Republic). References: 1, 147.
References: 3, 5, 147. Agave cubensis Jacq. = Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq.) Urb.
Agave antillarum Descourt. var. grammontensis Trel., Repert. Spec. Agave dussiana Trel. = Agave karatto Mill.
Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 362. 1927.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Agave eggersiana Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 28. 1913.
Reference: 147. Distribution: Endemic to Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas).
Agave bahamana Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 40. 1913.
Agave ehrenbergii Jacobi, Hamburger Garten-Blumenzeitung 21: 255. Agave lespinassei Trel. = Agave vivipara L.
1865. Agave longipes Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 36. 1913.
Agave legrelliana Jacobi, Hamburger Garten-Blumenzeitung 22: 266. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 3, 147. Agave medioxima Trel. = Agave caribaeicola Trel.
Agave ekmanii Trel. = Agave tubulata Trel. Agave millspaughii Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 41. 1913.
Agave fourcroydes Lem., Ill. Hort. 11: 66. 1864. References: 45, 147.
Agave fourcroydes Lem. var. espiculata L.H. Dewey, J. Wash. Acad. Sci.
19: 416. 1929. Agave minor Proctor, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 118. 2005.
Agave rigida Mill. var. elongata Baker, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1893: Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
23. 1893. Reference: 28.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Agave missionum Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 37. 1913.
Rico, and Virgin Islands (Virgin Gorda); native to Mexico and Agave portoricensis Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 38. 1913.
Guatemala. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Anegada,
Common Names: Henequén, Jeniquén (Cuba), Pite heniquen (Haiti), Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda).
Henequén (Puerto Rico). Common Names: Corita (Puerto Rico), Century Plant (Virgin Islands).
References: 3, 4, 28, 123, 131, 132, 147, 228. References: 19, 28, 131, 147.
Agave fourcroydes Lem. var. espiculata L.H. Dewey = Agave Agave montserratensis Trel. = Agave karatto Mill.
fourcroydes Lem.
Agave morrisii Baker, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 1: 543. 1887.
Agave grenadina Trel. = Agave caribaeicola Trel. Agave sobolifera Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck 307. 1834, nom. illeg.
Agave grisea Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 34. 1913. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cuba, and Jamaica.
References: 3, 39, 147. Common Names: Cocuy, Maguey, Maguey de coquí, Maguey de cocuy,
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Maguey de costa, Pita (Cuba), Coratoe, May pole (Jamaica).
Cuba (39). References: 2, 3, 4, 147, 152, 596.
Agave harrisii Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 34. 1913. Agave nashii Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 45. 1913.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Agave hexapetala Jacq. = Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq.) Urb. Agave nevidis Trel. = Agave karatto Mill.
Agave inaguensis Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 47. 1913. Agave obducta Trel. = Agave karatto Mill.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas; occurs on Inagua and Turks-Caicos Agave papyrocarpa Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 44. 1913, subsp.
Islands. papyrocarpa
Agave indagatorum Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 42. 1913. References: 3, 39, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas; occurs on Watling Island. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
References: 45, 147. Cuba (39).
Agave intermixta Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 32. 1913. Agave papyrocarpa Trel. subsp. macrocarpa A. Álvarez, Revista Jard.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 5(3): 7. 1984.
Common Names: Galata, Karatas, Maguey, Pan de pájaro (Dominican Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Republic). Reference: 147.
References: 5, 147. Agave portoricensis Trel. = Agave missionum Trel.
Agave jarucoensis A. Álvarez, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana Agave rigida Mill. var. elongata Baker = Agave fourcroydes Lem.
1(1): 5. 1981 [“1980”].
Agave rigida Mill. var. sisalana (Perrine) Engelm. = Agave sisalana
Perrine
Reference: 147.
Agave scheuermaniana Trel. = Agave karatto Mill.
Agave karatto Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Agave barbadensis Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 28. 1913. Agave shaferi Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 35. 1913.
Agave dussiana Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 26. 1913. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Agave montserratensis Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 24. 1913. References: 3, 39, 147.
Agave nevidis Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 24. 1913. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Agave obducta Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 25. 1913. Cuba (39).
Agave scheuermaniana Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 25. 1913. Agave sisalana Perrine, Congr. Doc. 564: 87. 1838; Agave rigida Mill.
Agave vangrolae Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 24. 1913. var. sisalana (Perrine) Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 314.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, 1875.
Barbuda, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Martin); Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
cultivated as a hedge plant in Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao. Jamaica, Puerto Rico (naturalized), Virgin Islands (St. John, Virgin
References: 1, 147, 285. Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Grenada, Nevis, St. Barthélemy,
Agave legrelliana Jacobi = Agave ehrenbergii Jacobi St. Kitts, St. Martin), Curaçao, and Margarita; native to Mexico.
number 9 8 • 87
Common Names: Sisal (Cuba), Agave Sisal, Cabuya ceniza extranjera, Asparagus plumosus Baker = Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop
Henequén, Pita, Pite, Pite étrangere, Pite heneque, Pite sisal Asparagus racemosus Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 152. 1799.
(Dominican Republic), Sisal (Jamaica), Sisal (Puerto Rico). Asparagus tetragonus Bresler, Gen. Aspar. 15. 1826.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 19, 28, 45, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150, 252, Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Africa, Asia, Malesia, and
323. Australia.
Agave sobolifera Salm-Dyck = Agave morrisii Baker References: 2, 147.
Agave tubulata Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 45. 1913. Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop, Bothalia 9: 51. 1966; Protasparagus
Agave ekmanii Trel., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 374. 1926. setaceus (Kunth) Oberm., S. African J. Bot. 2(3): 244. 1983.
Agave tubulata Trel. subsp. brevituba A. Álvarez, Revista Jard. Bot. Asparagus plumosus Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 613. 1875.
Nac. Univ. Habana 5(3): 7. 1984. Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles
References: 3, 147. (Saba), Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America, and
South America; native to Africa.
Agave tubulata Trel. subsp. brevituba A. Álvarez = Agave tubulata Trel.
Common Names: Asparagus-fern (Bahamas), Espárrago espumoso,
Agave underwoodii Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 11: 37. 1913. Espárrago plumoso, Pinito de amor, Tuya sensible (Cuba),
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Asparagus fern, Céfiro (Dominican Republic), Mousseline (Haiti),
References: 3, 147. Asparagus, Fern, Mousseline (Lesser Antilles), Abeto, Ala de
Agave unguiculata Trel. = Agave caribaeicola Trel. pájaro, Helecho plumoso (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 28, 45, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150, 220, 230, 323.
Agave vangrolae Trel. = Agave karatto Mill.
Asparagus sprengeri Regel = Asparagus aethiopicus L.
Agave ventumversa Trel. = Agave caribaeicola Trel.
Asparagus tetragonus Bresler = Asparagus racemosus Willd.
Agave vivipara L., Sp. Pl. 323. 1753.
Agave angustifolia Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ. 72. 1812. Convallaria fruticosa L. = Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.
Agave lespinassei Trel., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 18: 33. 1909. Cordyline cylindrica (Bojer) Britton = Sansevieria cylindrica Bojer
Agave zapupe Trel., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 18: 32. 1909.
Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev., Cat. Pl. Jard. Bot. Saigon 66. 1919;
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana),
Convallaria fruticosa L., Herb. Amb. 16. 1754.
Lesser Antilles (Barbados, St. Martin ), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth, Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1820:
and Margarita; native to Mexico, Central America, and South
30. 1820; Dracaena terminalis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 246. 1767.
America (Ecuador).
Dianella cubensis A. Rich. in R.de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11(2):
Common Names: Zapupe vincent (Cuba).
27. 1850.
References: 3, 28, 132, 147, 150, 237, 252, 323.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
(St. Croix), Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South
Agave willdingii Tod., Hort. Bot. Panorm. 2: t. 32. 1886.
America; native to Papuasia and western Pacific Region.
Common Name: Bayoneta, Ti (Puerto Rico).
References: 3, 147.
References: 2, 5, 28, 61, 131, 147, 230, 323.
Agave zapupe Trel. = Agave vivipara L.
Cordyline guineensis (Willd.) Britton = Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.)
Asparagus aethiopicus L., Mant. Pl. 1: 63. 1770. Druce
Asparagus densiflorus sensu authors, non (Kunth) Jessop.
Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth = Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.
Asparagus sprengeri Regel., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11:
302. 1890. Dianella cubensis A. Rich. = Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.
Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Dracaena cubensis Vict., Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 43: 11. 1942.
Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Lucia, St. Martin), and Margarita; native to South Africa. References: 3, 39, 147.
Common Names: Cabellera de la reina, Canastillo (cv. “Sprengeri”), Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Espárrago de jardín (cv. “Sprengeri”), Garden asparagus (cv. Cuba (39).
“Sprengeri”) (Cuba), Espárrago, Esparraguito, Pluma de cotorra
(Dominican Republic), Sprengeri (Lesser Antilles). Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl., Bot. Mag. 27: t. 1081. 1808.
References: 1, 28, 45, 132, 147, 230, 237, 252, 323, 383. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Islands (Guana, St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Grenada,
Asparagus densiflorus sensu authors = Asparagus aethiopicus L. Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Margarita, Mexico, and
Asparagus falcatus L., Sp. Pl. 313. 1753. Central America; native to Africa.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique); native to Africa Common Names: Dracena fragante, False ilang-ilang, Ilang-ilang,
and Asia. Mártir del Japón (Cuba), Coco macaco, Palmita, Palmito
References: 1, 147. (Dominican Republic), Dracene, Sanddragon (Lesser Antilles),
Cocomacaco, Dracena, Drecina (Puerto Rico).
Asparagus officinalis L., Sp. Pl. 313. 1753.
References: 28, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 230, 323.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Antilles (Grenada, Guadeloupe, Saba, St. Martin), North America, Dracaena terminalis L. = Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.
Mexico, Central America, and South America; native to Europe. Furcraea antillana A. Álvarez, Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auton.
Common Names: Espárrago (Cuba), Espárrago (Dominican Republic), Mexico, Bot. 67(2): 331. 1996.
Asperge (Haiti), Asparagus, Asperge (Lesser Antilles), Espárrago Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
(Puerto Rico). Hispaniola.
References: 1, 5, 28, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147. References: 23, 147, 384.
Furcraea cubensis (Jacq.) Vent. = Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq.) Urb. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix,
St. Thomas), and Margarita; native to Africa.
Furcraea cubensis (Jacq.) Vent. var. inermis Baker = Furcraea
Common Names: Colmillo de elefante (Cuba), Sansiviera redonda
hexapetala (Jacq.) Urb.
(Puerto Rico).
Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ. 78. 1812. References: 2, 28, 61, 131, 147, 150, 323.
Furcraea gigantea Vent., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1: 65. 1793.
Sansevieria guineensis Willd. = Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce
(Guadeloupe, Martinique), and Margarita; native to Central Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce, Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 3:
America and South America. 423. 1914.
Common Names: Henequén de haití (Cuba), Plantain (Dominican Cordyline guineensis (Willd.) Britton, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 35.
Republic), Pite, Pite espagnole (Haiti). 1918; Sansevieria guineensis Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 159. 1799.
References: 1, 2, 5, 30, 123, 132, 147, 150, 323. Sansevieria metallica Gérôme & Labroy, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 9:
173. 1903.
Furcraea gigantea Vent. = Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw.
Sansevieria thyrsiflora (Petagna) Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 65. 1794.
Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 152. 1903; Agave Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
hexapetala Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 18. 1760. Jamaica, and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, St. Lucia); naturalized
Agave cubensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 18. 1760; Furcraea cubensis in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John); native to
(Jacq.) Vent., Enum. Syst. Pl. 18. 1760. Africa.
Furcraea cubensis (Jacq.) Vent. var. inermis Baker, Bot. Mag. 107: t. Common Names: African bowstring-hemp (Bahamas), Espada de Santa
6543. 1881. Elena, Espada de Santa Teresa, Hoja de Santa Elena, Lengua de
Furcraea macrophylla Baker, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 26: t. 2501. 1897. vaca (Dominican Republic), Oreilles d’Ane, Safran, Z’oreilles
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, bourrique (Haiti), Bowstring hemp, Mother-in-law’s tongue
Jamaica, Mexico, and South America. (Jamaica), Bowstring, Langue à chat, Sanddragon de cermitière,
Common Names: Maguey (Cuba), Cabuya, Pita (Dominican Republic), Snake plant, Z’oreille à bourrique (Lesser Antilles), Chucho,
Bayonette, Bois pitre, Henequén, Pite franc, Pite, Jenequén, Pite Cocuisa, Lengua de chuco, Lengua de vaca, Sansiviera (Puerto
pays (Haiti). Rico).
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 40, 45, 147, 384. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 32, 45, 61, 123, 131, 147, 150, 223,
Furcraea macrophylla Baker = Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq.) Urb., 383.
Furcraea stratiotes J.B. Petersen, Bot. Tidsskr. 37: 306. 1922. Sansevieria cf. pearsonii N.E. Br., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 97.
Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Croix); native to Nicaragua. 1911.
Reference: 147. Distribution: Naturalized in Virgin Islands (St. Croix); native to Africa.
Reference: 28.
Furcraea tuberosa W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 2: 303. 1811.
Agave campanulata Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 87. 1894. Sansevieria thyrsiflora (Petagna) Thunb. = Sansevieria hyacinthoides
Furcraea antillana sensu A. Álvarez, Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. (L.) Druce
Auton. Mexico, Bot. 67(2): 331. 1996, in part. Sansevieria trifasciata Prain, Bengal Pl. 2: 1054. 1903.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), (Guana, St. Croix, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), and
and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Margarita; native to Africa.
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Common Names: Tiger cat (Jamaica), Oreillo di burian, Rhamni, Snake
Nevis, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, plant, Yerba ci cinta, Yerba di colebas (Lesser Antilles).
St. Vincent). References: 1, 2, 28, 147, 223, 323.
Common Names: Cabuya, Cocuisa, Maguey (Dominican Republic),
Sansevieria zeylanica (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 159. 1799.
Pite, Pite espagnole (Haiti), Maguey (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Croix); native to Asia.
References: 1, 2, 3, 28, 30, 61, 123, 131, 147, 384.
Hyacinthus orientalis L., Sp. Pl. 317. 1753.
Yucca aloifolia L., Sp. Pl. 319. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to Europe.
Common Names: Bretaña, Jacinto (Cuba), Jacinthe (Haiti).
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. John), and
Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Guadeloupe, St. Barthélemy,
Polianthes tuberosa L., Sp. Pl. 316. 1753. St. Lucia, St. Martin); native to southeastern United States and
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Mexico.
Antilles (Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia); native to Mexico. Common Names: Spanish bayonet (Bahamas), Cucarachita, Espino,
Common Names: Azucena, Azucena de cuba, Azucena de mejico, Piñón de puñal (Cuba), Bayoneta, Flor de Jericó, Indian bread
Nardo, Tuberosa (Cuba), Azucena (Dominican Republic), plant, Jericó, Yuca (Dominican Republic), Bayonette, Pingouin,
Tubéreuse (Haiti), Azucena, Tuberose (Puerto Rico). Pinguin, Spanish bayonette (Haiti), Spanish dagger (Jamaica),
References: 5, 28, 61, 131, 132, 147. Adam’s needle, Yucca (Lesser Antilles), Aguja de adán, Bayoneta
Protasparagus setaceus (Kunth) Oberm. = Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) española, Mata de huevo (Puerto Rico), Spanish bayonet (Virgin
Jessop Islands).
References: 1, 2, 4, 19, 28, 30, 45, 123, 131, 132, 147.
Sansevieria concinna N.E. Br., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915: 233. 1915.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to Africa. Yucca gigantea Lem., Ill. Hort. 6(Misc.): 91. 1859.
Reference: 254. Yucca guatemalensis Baker, Refug. Bot. (Saunders) 5: t. 313. 1872.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Guana, St.
Sansevieria cylindrica Bojer, Hortus Maurit. 349. 1837; Cordyline Croix); native to Mexico and Central America.
cylindrica (Bojer) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. References: 28, 61, 147.
number 9 8 • 89
Yucca gloriosa L., Sp. Pl. 319. 1753. Acmella iodiscaea (A.H. Moore) R.K. Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8: 53.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Lesser 1985; Spilanthes iodiscaea A.H. Moore, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
Antilles (Guadeloupe, Marie Galante), and Margarita; native to 42: 536. 1907.
the southeastern United States. Spilanthes uliginosa sensu DC., Prodr. 5: 491. 1836, non Sw.
Common Names: Bayoneta, Cucaracha, Espino, Espino de cerca, Verbesina debilis Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 137. 1821.
Maguey silvestre, Piñón de puñal (Cuba), Bayoneta española Verbesina pusilla Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 8: 459. 1808.
(Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Hispaniola,
References: 3, 28, 131, 132, 147, 295, 323. Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Barbuda).
Yucca guatemalensis Baker = Yucca gigantea Lem. References: 1, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 151, 156, 161.
Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8: 65. 1985;
Spilanthes oleracea L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 534. 1767.
Asteraceae Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe,
Martinique), also in South America and Africa.
by H. Robinson & V.A. Funk References: 1, 61, 136, 207, 224, 340.
Genera. Total: 194; native: 141; endemic: 38. Acmella oppositifolia (Lam.) R.K. Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8: 30. 1985.
Taxa. Total: 773; native: 660; endemic: 489. Spilanthes beccabunga DC., Prodr. 5: 622. 1836.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; a weed throughout tropical America.
*Acanthodesmos distichus C.D. Adams & du Quesnay, Phytologia 21:
References: 136, 161, 207, 224.
405. 1971.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Acmella pusilla (Hook. & Arn.) R.K. Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8: 46.
Reference: 2. 1985; Spilanthes pusila Hook. & Arn., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 317.
1841.
Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 303.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and southern United States; native
1891; Melampodium australe Loefl., Iter Hispan. 268. 1758.
to South America.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Martinique,
References: 58, 151, 207, 252.
St. Vincent), Margarita, North America, and South America;
reported for South Africa. Acmella radicans (Jacq.) R.K. Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8: 69. 1985,
References: 1, 151, 323. var. radicans; Spilanthes radicans Jacq., Collectanea 3: 229. 1791
[“1789”].
Acanthospermum hispidum A. DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 522.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Curaçao; native to Mexico and
1836.
Central America.
References: 2, 224.
(St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Acmella radicans (Jacq.) R.K. Jansen var. debilis (Kunth) R.K. Jansen,
Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Martin), Curaçao, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8: 72. 1985; Spilanthes debilis Kunth in
Tobago, North America, Central America, and South America. F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov.
Common Names: Cadillo de burro, Mala mujer (Dominican Republic). Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 165. 1818.
References: 1, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 123, 136, 224, 301. Spilanthes ocymifolia sensu Alain, non (Lam.) A.H. Moore, Proc. Amer.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Acad. Arts 42: 531. 1907.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe,
Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 5: 522. 1836;
Martinique), Trinidad, and South America.
Melampodium humile Sw., Prodr. 114. 1788.
References: 1, 7, 136, 207, 301.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, North
America, and Central America. Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 24: 331. 1822;
Common Names: Spiny-bur (Bahamas), Guizazo abrojo, Pinea, Pinedo, Spilanthes uliginosa Sw., Prodr. 110. 1788.
Quita zapatos (Cuba), Dessalines, Mala mujer (Dominican Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Virgin Islands (St. Croix),
Republic), Feuilles hareng, L’indigene, Thé menthe (Haiti), Sheep Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
bur (Jamaica). Martinique, Montserrat, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
References: 2, 5, 7, 45, 123, 136, 151, 224. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, South America, and
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Old World.
Common Names: Créosote pays, Herbe mal aux dents, Herbe mal
Achillea millefolium L., Sp. Pl. 899. 1753.
dents, Z’herbe amal aux dents, Z’herbe mal aux dents (Haiti),
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, North America,
Bouton d’or (Lesser Antilles).
Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World;
References: 1, 7, 2, 5, 151, 301, 340.
cultivated in Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Milenrama (Cuba), Ciprés de invierno, Cipres de Adenocritonia adamsii R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 33: 281. 1976.
Judea, Cipres de perla, Perla, Sereno de invierno (Dominican Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Republic), Mil en rama (Haiti), Milfoil, Yarrow (Jamaica), Milfoil, References: 149, 152.
Perla, Yarrow (Puerto Rico). Adenophyllum porophyllum (Cav.) Hemsl. var. cancellatum (Cass.)
References: 2, 7, 61, 131, 136, 159, 224, 295. Strother, Sida 11: 377. 1986.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Adenophyllum porophyllum (Cav.) Hemsl. var. radiatum (DC.)
Acmella brachyglossa Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 50: 258. 1827. Strother, Sida 11: 377. 1986; Dyssodia porophyllum (Cav.) Cav.
Spilanthes limonica A.H. Moore, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 42: 541. 1907. var. radiata DC., Prodr. 5: 639. 1836.
Distribution: Apparently native to Cuba and Lesser Antilles Lebetina cubana Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34(2): 163. 1915.
(Martinique); native to Central America and South America. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Mexico.
References: 136, 161, 207. References: 151, 152, 156, 161, 254, 341.
Adenophyllum porophyllum (Cav.) Hemsl. var. radiatum (DC.) Strother Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
= Adenophyllum porophyllum (Cav.) Hemsl. var. cancellatum References: 136, 149, 152.
(Cass.) Strother Ageratina resiniflua (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 19: 225.
Adenostemma berteroi DC. = Adenostemma brasilianum (Pers.) Cass. 1970; Eupatorium resinifluum Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 461. 1899.
Adenostemma brasilianum (Pers.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 25: 363.
References: 30, 58, 61, 149.
1822; Verbesina brasiliana Pers. Syn. Pl. 2(2): 472. 1807.
Adenostemma berteroi DC., Prodr. 5: 110. 1836. Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 19: 216.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Central America, 1970; Eupatorium riparium Regel, Gartenflora 15: 324. 1866.
and South America. Eupatorium harrisii Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 460. 1899.
References: 2, 5, 7, 136, 151, 224. Distribution: Native to Jamaica and Central America.
References: 2, 30, 152, 224.
Adenostemma swartzii Cass. = Adenostemma verbesina (L.) Sch. Bip.
Adenostemma verbesina (L.) Sch. Bip., J. Bot. 1: 235. 1863; Cotula
Ageratina tristis (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 19: 227.
verbesina L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1222. 1759.
1970; Eupatorium triste DC., Prodr. 5: 166. 1836.
Adenostemma swartzii Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 25: 362. 1822.
References: 2, 149.
Islands, Lesser Antilles (St. Kitts, St. Vincent), Central America,
and South America. Ageratina urbanii (Ekman ex Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 136, 151. 19: 227. 1970; Eupatorium urbanii Ekman ex Urb., Ark. Bot.
23A(11): 55. 1931.
Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 19:
211. 1970; Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16,
References: 7, 149.
3: 420. 1826.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Mexico. Ageratum conyzoides L., Sp. Pl. 839. 1753, subsp. conyzoides
References: 2, 142, 159. Ageratum conyzoides L. var. inaequipaleaceum Hieron., Bot. Jahrb.
Syst. 19: 44. 1894.
Ageratina contorta (C.D. Adams) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico,
24: 87. 1972; Eupatorium contortum C.D. Adams, Phytologia 21:
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin
408. 1971.
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
References: 2, 149.
Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago,
Ageratina corylifolia (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 19: Trinidad, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, South America,
213. 1970; Eupatorium corylifolium Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 361. and Old World; exotic in Jamaica.
1861. Common Names: Goatbush (Bahamas), Celastina, Celestina azul,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. Celestina blanca, Lora, Moratoria (Cuba), Rompezaragüey, Yerba
References: 2, 136, 152. de chivo (Dominican Republic), Bouton, Petit pain-doux (Lesser
Ageratina dictyoneura (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 19: Antilles), Mentastro, Yerba de cabrío (Puerto Rico).
221. 1970; Eupatorium dictyoneurum Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 402. References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 149, 224, 301, 323, 340.
1903. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Ageratum conyzoides L. var. inaequipaleaceum Hieron. = Ageratum
References: 7, 30, 149. conyzoides L. subsp. conyzoides
Ageratina hartii (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 19: 222. Ageratum conyzoides L. subsp. latifolium (Cav.) M.F. Johnst., Ann.
1970; Eupatorium hartii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 395. 1903. Missouri Bot. Gard. 58: 31. 1971; Ageratum latifolium Cav., Icon.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. 4: 33. 1797.
References: 2, 30, 149. Ageratum muticum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 356. 1861.
Ageratina havanensis (Kunth) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico,
19: 222. 1970; Eupatorium havanense Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Central America, and South America.
Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio References: 2, 5, 7, 36, 45, 136.
ed.) 4: 100. 1818. Ageratum domingense Spreng. = Phania domingensis (Spreng.) Griseb.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Mexico.
Ageratum houstonianum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
References: 7, 45, 136, 152.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Jamaica; native to Mexico and
Ageratina illita (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 19: 222. Central America.
1970; Eupatorium illitum Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 401. 1903. References: 2, 61, 136, 224.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Ageratum latifolium Cav. = Ageratum conyzoides L. subsp. latifolium
Ageratina mortoniana (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 19: (Cav.) M.F. Johnst.
224. 1970; Eupatorium x mortonianum Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus.
Ageratum maritimum Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 8. 1960.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 117. 1818.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, United States (FL, state
endangered), and Yucatan, Mexico.
Ageratina paucibracteata (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 19: Common Name: Cangrejillo (Cuba).
218. 1970; Eupatorium paucibracteatum Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. References: 7, 77, 136.
number 9 8 • 91
Ageratum matricarioides (Spreng.) Less. = Phania matricarioides Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 851. 1826.
(Spreng.) Griseb. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to South America.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Sp. Pl. 988. 1753.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. var. jamaicensis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 370. Ambrosia velutina O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 88. 1911.
1861. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. var. trinitensis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 370. Hispaniola.
1861. References: 5, 7, 30, 136.
Ambrosia elatior L., Sp. Pl. 987. 1753. Amellus asper (Jacq.) Kuntze = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Ambrosia paniculata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 183. 1803.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, North Amellus asper (Jacq.) Kuntze f. bicolor Kuntze = Melanthera nivea (L.)
America, Central America, and South America. Small
Common Names: Southern ragweed (Bahamas), Artemisa (Cuba). Amellus asper (Jacq.) Kuntze var. canescens Kuntze = Melanthera nivea
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 132, 136, 151, 152, 224. (L.) Small
Amellus umbellatus L. = Liabum umbellatum (L.) Sch. Bip.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. var. jamaicensis Griseb. = Ambrosia
*Anastraphia attenuata Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 381. 1915;
artemisiifolia L.
Gochnatia attenuata (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain, Contr. Ocas.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. var. trinitensis Griseb. = Ambrosia Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 8. 1960.
artemisiifolia L. Anastraphia lomensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 386. 1915.
Ambrosia confertiflora DC., Prodr. 5: 526. 1836. Anastraphia mensuraensis Carabia, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, and Mexico. Poey” 17: 18. 1943.
Reference: 136.
Ambrosia crithmifolia DC. = Ambrosia hispida Pursh
Anastraphia bahamensis Urb. = Anastraphia paucifloscula C. Wright ex
Ambrosia elatior L. = Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Hitchc.
Ambrosia hispida Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 743. 1813 [“1814”]. Anastraphia baracoensis Urb. = Anastraphia obtusifolia Britton
Ambrosia crithmifolia DC., Prodr. 5: 525. 1836.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, *Anastraphia buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 527. 1908; Gochnatia
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola, Virgin Gorda), buchii (Urb.) J. Jiménez Alm., Phytologia 8: 327. 1962;
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Anastraphia buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 527. 1908; Gochnatia
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, microcephala (Griseb.) R.N. Jervis & Alain var. buchii (Urb.)
St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), North Alain, Brittonia 20: 152. 1968.
America, Mexico, and Central America. Anastraphia rosei Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 385. 1915;
Common Names: Sweet bay (Bahamas), Artemisa de costa, Carquesa Gochnatia rosei (Britton) J. Jiménez Alm., Phytologia 8: 328.
(Cuba), Bay tansy (Jamaica), Tapis (Lesser Antilles), Altamisa de 1962; Gochnatia microcephala (Griseb.) R.N. Jervis & Alain var.
playa (Puerto Rico). rosei (Britton) Alain, Brittonia 20: 152. 1968.
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 131, 136, 151. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Ambrosia paniculata Michx. = Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
*Anastraphia calcicola Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 383. 1915;
Ambrosia paniculata Michx. var. cumanensis O.E. Schulz = Ambrosia Gochnatia calcicola (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain, Candollea 17:
peruviana Willd. 120. 1960; Gochnatia calcicola (Britton) Borhidi & O. Muñiz,
Ambrosia paniculata Michx. var. cumanensis O.E. Schulz f. dissecta Bot. Közlem. 62: 27. 1975, nom. illeg.
O.E. Schulz = Ambrosia peruviana Willd. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 136.
Ambrosia paniculata Michx. var. cumanensis O.E. Schulz f. litoralis
O.E. Schulz = Ambrosia peruviana Willd. *Anastraphia cowellii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 381. 1915;
Ambrosia paniculata Michx. var. peruviana (Willd.) O.E. Schulz = Gochnatia cowellii (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain, Contr. Ocas.
Ambrosia peruviana Willd. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 8. 1960.
Ambrosia peruviana Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 377. 1805; Ambrosia paniculata
Reference: 136.
Michx. var. peruviana (Willd.) O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb.
Antill. 7: 87. 1911. *Anastraphia crassifolia Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 382. 1915;
Ambrosia paniculata Michx. var. cumanensis O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Gochnatia crassifolia (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain, Contr. Ocas.
Symb. Antill. 7: 86. 1911. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 9. 1960.
Ambrosia paniculata Michx. var. cumanensis O.E. Schulz f. dissecta Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 87. 1911. Reference: 136.
Ambrosia paniculata Michx. var. cumanensis O.E. Schulz f. litoralis *Anastraphia cubensis Carabia, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe
O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 87. 1911. Poey” 17: 17. 1943; Gochnatia cubensis (Carabia) R.N. Jervis &
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 9.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy); exotic in Hispaniola, 1960.
Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix). Anastraphia victorinii León, Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 49: 82.
Common Names: Altamisa (Cuba), Wild tansy, Wormwood (Jamaica), 1944.
Ambrosie (Lesser Antilles), Altamisa, Artemisa (Puerto Rico), Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Ragweed, Wild tansy, Wormwood (Virgin Islands). Reference: 136.
References: 1, 2, 7, 30, 58, 61, 131, 136.
Anastraphia cuneifolia Greenm. = Anastraphia paucifloscula C. Wright Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
ex Hitchc Cuba (39).
*Anastraphia ekmanii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 116. Anastraphia maisiana León var. parviflora León = Anastraphia
1929; Gochnatia ekmanii (Urb.) R.N. Jervis & Alain, Contr. Ocas. maisiana León
Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 9. 1960. *Anastraphia mantuensis C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 158. 1866;
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Gochnatia mantuensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) R.N. Jervis & Alain,
References: 39, 136. Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 9. 1960;
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Chuquiraga mantuensis (C. Wright) Gómez & Molinet in M. Gómez
Cuba (39). de la Maza, Dicc. Bot. Nombres Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riq. 35. 1889.
*Anastraphia elliptica León, Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 49: 84. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
1944; Gochnatia elliptica (León) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. References: 39, 136, 476.
Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 9. 1960. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Gochnatia elliptica (León) Alain var. inermis (León) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Cuba (39).
Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 9. 1960; Anastraphia Anastraphia mensuraensis Carabia = Anastraphia attenuata Britton
elliptica León var. inermis León, Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal
49: 86. 1944; Gochnatia elliptica (León) Alain subsp. inermis *Anastraphia microcephala Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 158. 1866;
(León) A. Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 58: 177. 1971. Gochnatia microcephala (Griseb.) R.N. Jervis & Alain, Contr.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 9. 1960.
Reference: 136.
Anastraphia elliptica León var. inermis León = Anastraphia elliptica
León *Anastraphia montana Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 381. 1915;
Gochnatia montana (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain, Contr. Ocas.
*Anastraphia enneantha S.F. Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 37: 60. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 9. 1960.
1924; Gochnatia enneantha (S.F. Blake) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Club 92: 304. 1965. References: 39, 136.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Reference: 7. Cuba (39).
*Anastraphia gomezii León, Contrib. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 49: Anastraphia nipensis Urb. = Anastraphia shaferi Britton
77. 1944; Gochnatia gomezii (León) R.N. Jervis & Alain, Contr.
Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 9. 1960. *Anastraphia northropiana Greenm. ex Combs, Trans. Acad. Sci. St.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Louis 7: 435. 1897.
References: 39, 136. Gochnatia ilicifolia Less., Linnaea 5: 261. 1830, non A. ilicifolia
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of D. Don, 1830.
Cuba (39). Anastraphia northropiana Greenm. var. combsii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3:
417. 1903.
*Anastraphia ilicifolia D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 16: 295. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba.
1830. Common Names: Candle wood, Cerillo (Bahamas).
Chuquiraga pardoiana M. Gómez & Molinet in M. Gomez de la Maza, References: 45, 136.
Dicc. Bot. Nombres Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riq. 34.1889.
Gochnatia sagrana R.N. Jervis & Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Anastraphia northropiana Greenm. var. combsii Urb. = Anastraphia
Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 9. 1960 [as sagraeana]. northropiana Greenm. ex Combs
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Anastraphia oblongifolia Urb. = Anastraphia shaferi Britton
Reference: 136.
*Anastraphia obovata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 94. 1931;
*Anastraphia intertexta C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 158. 1866; Gochnatia obovata (Urb. & Ekman) J. Jiménez Alm., Phytologia
Gochnatia intertexta (C. Wright ex Griseb.) R.N. Jervis & Alain, 8: 327. 1962; Gochnatia buchii (Urb.) J. Jiménez Alm. var.
Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 9. 1960; obovata (Urb. & Ekman) Cabrera, Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc.
Chuquiraga intertexta (C. Wright) Molinet & M. Gómez in M. Bot. 12(66): 61. 1971.
Gómez de la Maza, Dicc. Bot. Nombres Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riq. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
35. 1889. Reference: 7.
*Anastraphia obtusifolia Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 384. 1915;
Gochnatia obtusifolia (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain, Contr. Ocas.
Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 9. 1960.
Cuba (39).
Anastraphia baracoensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 117.
Anastraphia lomensis Britton = Anastraphia attenuata Britton 1929.
*Anastraphia maisiana León, Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 49: 78. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
1944; Gochnatia maisiana (León) R.N. Jervis & Alain, Contr. Reference: 136.
Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 9. 1960. *Anastraphia oligantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 417. 1903; Gochnatia
Gochnatia maisiana (León) R.N. Jervis & Alain var. parviflora (León) oligantha (Urb.) R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 42: 137. 1961.
Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
9. 1960; Anastraphia maisiana León var. parviflora León, Contr. References: 7, 134.
Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 49: 80. 1944.
*Anastraphia parvifolia Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 383. 1915;
Gochnatia parvifolia (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain, Contr. Ocas.
number 9 8 • 93
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Anthemis cotula L., Sp. Pl. 894. 1753.
References: 39, 136. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, North America, and Mexico;
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of native of Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Cuba (39). Common Name: Manzanilla (Dominican Republic).
References: 7, 112, 159, 224.
*Anastraphia paucifloscula C. Wright ex Hitchc., Rep. (Annual)
Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 102. 1893; Gochnatia paucifloscula Anthemis crassifolia Sessé & Moc. = Borrichia arborescens (L.) DC.
(C. Wright ex Hitchc.) Jervis ex Cabrera, Revista Mus. La Plata, Anthemis nobilis L., Sp. Pl. 894. 1753.
Secc. Bot. 12(66): 48. 1971. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native
Anastraphia bahamensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 415. 1903; Gochnatia to Africa and Europe.
bahamensis (Urb.) R.A. Howard & Dunbar, Rhodora 66: 15. 1964. Common Names: Camomila, Manzanilla (Puerto Rico), Chamomille
Anastraphia cuneifolia Greenm., Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 126. 1905. (Virgin Islands).
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. References: 7, 61, 159, 224.
Common Name: Carrajo bush (Bahamas).
References: 45, 476. *Antillanthus acunae (Borhidi) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 52. 2006;
Pentacalia acunae Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 88. 1992.
*Anastraphia picardae Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 414. 1903; Gochnatia Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
picardae (Urb.) J. Jiménez Alm., Phytologia 8: 327. 1962. References: 42, 149.
References: 7, 134. *Antillanthus almironcillo (M. Gómez) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl.
44: 52. 2006; Senecio almironcillo M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp.
*Anastraphia recurva Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 386. 1915; Hist. Nat. 19: 277. 1890; Senecio brittonii Greenm., Publ. Field
Gochnatia recurva (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain, Contr. Ocas. Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(8): 323. 1912.
Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 9. 1960. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Anastraphia recurva Britton var. integrifolia Moldenke, Phytologia 2: References: 42, 136.
214. 1947.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. *Antillanthus azulensis (Alain) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 52. 2006;
Reference: 136. Senecio azulensis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
La Salle” 18: 10. 1960.
Anastraphia recurva Britton var. integrifolia Moldenke = Anastraphia Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
recurva Britton References: 42, 136.
Anastraphia rosei Britton = Anastraphia buchii Urb. *Antillanthus biseriatus (Alain) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 53. 2006;
Anastraphia sessilis (Alain) Ventosa & V.A. Funk, comb. nov.; Senecio biseriatus Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
Gochnatia sessilis Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 150. “De La Salle” 18: 11. 1960.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). References: 42, 136, 156.
Reference: 7. *Antillanthus carinatus (Greenm.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 53.
*Anastraphia shaferi Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 384. 1915; 2006; Senecio carinatus Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian Mus.,
Gochnatia shaferi (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain, Contr. Ocas. Bot. Ser. 2(8): 323. 1912; Pentacalia carinata (Greenm.) Borhidi,
Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 10. 1960. Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 88. 1992.
Anastraphia nipensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 118. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
1929. References: 39, 42, 136, 156.
Anastraphia oblongifolia Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 117. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
1929. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. *Antillanthus cubensis (Greenm.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 53.
Reference: 136. 2006; Senecio cubensis Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian Mus.,
*Anastraphia tortuensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 96. 1927; Gochnatia Bot. Ser. 2(8): 323. 1912; Pentacalia cubensis (Greenm.) Borhidi,
tortuensis (Urb.) J. Jiménez Alm., Phytologia 8: 328. 1962. Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 88. 1992.
Anastraphia victorinii León = Anastraphia cubensis Carabia *Antillanthus ekmanii (Alain) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 53. 2006;
Senecio ekmanii Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
*Anastraphia wilsonii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 383. 1915;
La Salle” 18: 11. 1960.
Gochnatia wilsonii (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain, Contr. Ocas.
References: 39, 136. *Antillanthus eriocarphus (Greenm.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 53. 2006;
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Senecio eriocarphus Greenm., Torreya 13: 257. 1913; Pentacalia
Cuba (39). eriocarpha (Greenm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 88. 1992.
Ancistrophora wrightii A. Gray = Verbesina wrightii (A. Gray) Griseb.
Andromachia poiteaui Cass. = Liabum poiteaui (Cass.) Urb.
*Antillanthus leucolepis (Greenm.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 54.
Anomostephium buphthalmoides DC. = Wedelia calycina Rich. var. 2006; Senecio leucolepis Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian Mus.,
calycina Bot. Ser. 2(8): 324. 1912; Pentacalia leucolepis (Greenm.) Borhidi,
Anthemis americana L. = Chrysanthellum americanum (L.) Vatke, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 89. 1992.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Arctotis stoechadifolia P.J. Bergius, Descr. Pl. Cap. 324. 1767.
References: 42, 136, 156. Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to South
Africa.
*Antillanthus moensis (Alain) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 54. 2006;
Common Names: Blue Arctotis, Plata (Puerto Rico).
Senecio moensis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
References: 7, 131.
La Salle” 18: 11. 1960; Pentacalia moensis (Alain) Borhidi, Acta
Bot. Hung. 37: 89. 1992. Artemisia absinthium L., Sp. Pl. 848. 1753.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin
References: 39, 42, 136, 156. Islands; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Common Names: Ajenjo, Incienso ajenjo (Cuba), Ajai, Ajenjo, Ajorizo,
Cuba (39). Artemisa (Dominican Republic), Absinthe, Absinthe batarde,
Feuilles ameres, Matricaire (Haiti), Ajenjo (Puerto Rico).
*Antillanthus moldenkei (Greenm. ex Alain) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl.
References: 7, 61, 131, 132, 224.
44: 54. 2006; Senecio moldenkei Greenm. ex Alain, Contr. Ocas.
Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 12. 1960. Artemisia capillifolia Lam. = Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Artemisia domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 430. 1912.
*Antillanthus pachylepis (Greenm.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 54. Common Name: Altamisa cimarrona (Dominican Republic).
2006; Senecio pachylepis Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., References: 5, 7, 30.
Bot. Ser. 2(8): 325. 1912. Artemisia stipularis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 84. 1931.
References: 42, 136, 156. Reference: 7.
*Antillanthus pachypodus (Greenm.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: Artemisia vulgaris L., Sp. Pl. 848. 1753.
54. 2006; Senecio pachypodus Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to Europe, Africa,
Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(8): 325. 1912; Pentacalia pachypoda (Greenm.) and Asia.
Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 89. 1992. Common Names: Artemisa (Cuba), Armoise, Arbre aux cent gouts,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Fleurs St. Jean (Haiti).
*Antillanthus saugetii (Alain) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 54. 2006; Aster adnatus Nutt. = Symphyotrichum adnatum (Nutt.) G.L. Nesom
Senecio saugetii Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
La Salle” 18: 12. 1960; Pentacalia saugetii (Alain) Borhidi, Acta Aster bahamensis Britton = Symphyotrichum bahamense (Britton) G.L.
Bot. Hung. 37: 89. 1992. Nesom
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Aster bracei Britton = Symphyotrichum bracei (Britton) G.L. Nesom
References: 39, 42, 136, 156.
Aster burgessii Britton = Symphyotrichum burgessii (Britton) G.L. Nesom
Cuba (39). Aster concolor L. = Symphyotrichum concolor (L.) G.L. Nesom
*Antillanthus shaferi (Greenm.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 55. 2006; Aster dumosus L. = Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) G.L. Nesom
Senecio shaferi Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. Aster exilis Elliott = Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G.L. Nesom
2(8): 326. 1912; Pentacalia shaferi (Greenm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot.
Hung. 37: 89. 1992. Aster grisebachii Britton = Neja marginata (Griesb.) G.L. Nesom
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Aster heleius Urb. = Symphyotrichum expansum (Poepp. ex Spreng.)
References: 42, 136, 156. G.L. Nesom
*Antillanthus subsquarrosus (Greenm.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: Aster inconspicuus Less. = Symphyotrichum expansum (Poepp. ex
55. 2006; Senecio subsquarrosus Greenm., Ann. Missouri Bot. Spreng.) G.L. Nesom
Gard. 8: 97. 1922.
Aster jamaicensis (L.) Less. = Erigeron jamaicensis L.
References: 42, 136, 156. Aster laevis L. = Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve
*Antillanthus trichotomus (Greenm.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: Aster leonis Britton = Symphyotrichum leone (Britton) G.L. Nesom
55. 2006; Senecio trichotomus Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian Aster lucayanus Britton = Symphyotrichum lucayanum (Britton) G.L.
Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(8): 326. 1912; Pentacalia trichotoma (Greenm.) Nesom
Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 89. 1992.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Aster novae-angliae L. = Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G.L.
References: 42, 136, 156. Nesom
*Antillia brachychaeta (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Aster novi-belgii L. = Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L. Nesom
21: 399. 1971; Eupatorium brachychaetum B.L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Aster subulatus Michx. var. cubensis (DC.) Shinners = Symphyotrichum
Acad. Arts 51: 532. 1916. expansum (Poepp. ex Spreng.) G.L. Nesom
Aster subulatus Michx. var. elongatus Boss. ex A.G. Jones & Lowry =
Symphyotrichum bahamense (Britton) G.L. Nesom
Aphanostephus ramosissimus DC., Prodr. 5: 310. 1836.
Aster subulatus Michx. var. subulatus = Symphyotrichum subulatum
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico (Vieques); native to southwestern
(Michx.) G.L. Nesom
United States and Mexico.
Reference: 160. Aster tenuifolius L. = Symphyotrichum tenuifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom
number 9 8 • 95
Austroeupatorium inulifolium (Kunth) R.M. King & H. Rob., Baccharis myrsinites (Lam.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 424. 1807, var.
Phytologia 19: 434. 1970; Eupatorium inulifolium Kunth in myrsinites; Conyza myrsinites Lam., Encycl. 2: 92. 1786.
F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 85. 1820. Puero Rico.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles, Tobago, Trinidad, Central Common Names: Curamagüey, Orégano cimarrón, Palo de toro
America, and South America. (Dominican Republic), Bois balai (Haiti).
Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 20: 212. Baccharis myrsinites (Lam.) Pers. var. mornicola Urb., Repert. Spec.
1970; Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 97. 1794. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 9. 1923.
Eupatorium ayapana Vent., Jard. Malmaison 3: t. 3. 1803. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Trinidad; native to Reference: 149.
South America. Baccharis myrsinites sensu Griseb. = Lepidaploa acuminata (Less.)
References: 7, 30, 58, 61, 151, 252, 301. H. Rob.
Baccharis acutata (Alain) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 27. 1975; Baccharis nervosa DC., Prodr. 5: 399. 1836.
Baccharis orientalis Alain var. acutata Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Distribution: Exotic in the Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique);
Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 3. 1960. native to South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Reference: 1.
References: 39, 136, 149, 152.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Baccharis nipensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 104. 1929.
Reference: 136.
Baccharis angustifolia Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 125. 1803.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America. Baccharis orientalis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
Common Name: False willow (Bahamas). La Salle” 18: 3. 1960.
Reference: 45. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Baccharis cotinifolia (Willd.) Urb. = Baccharis pedunculata (Mill.) Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cabrera Cuba (39).
Baccharis dioica Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 98. 1794. Baccharis orientalis Alain var. acutata Alain = Baccharis acutata (Alain)
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Borhidi
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles
(Barbuda, Montserrat), and United States (FL, state endangered). Baccharis pedunculata (Mill.) Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 7: 240.
Common Names: Boom-brush, Vahl’s baccharis (Bahamas), Bois laumet 1959; Conyza pedunculata Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
(Haiti), Bois-guillaume, Yam bush (Lesser Antilles). Baccharis cotinifolia (Willd.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 406. 1903;
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 136, 150. Eupatorium cotinifolium Willd., Phytographia 11. 1794.
Baccharis speciosa DC., Prodr. 5: 399. 1836.
Baccharis foetida L. = Pluchea foetida (L.) DC. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Baccharis glomeruliflora Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 423. 1807. Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central
Baccharis glomeruliflora Pers. f. cubensis Heering in I. Urban, Symb. America, and South America.
Antill. 5: 244. 1907. Common Names: Bois-guillaume (Lesser Antilles).
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and United States (FL). References: 1, 30, 151.
References: 45, 136, 150. Baccharis punctulata DC., Prodr. 5: 405. 1836.
Baccharis glomeruliflora Pers. f. cubensis Heering = Baccharis Baccharis melastomifolia Hook. & Arn., J. Bot. 3: 25. 1841.
glomeruliflora Pers. Distribution: Native to Cuba and South America.
Baccharis haitiensis Heering in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 235. 1907.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Baccharis scoparia (L.) Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1339. 1806; Chrysocoma
References: 5, 7, 30. scoparia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1206. 1759.
Baccharis halimifolia L., Sp. Pl. 860. 1753, var. halimifolia
Common Names: Bitter broom, Mountain broom (Jamaica).
Baccharis halimifolia L. f. subintegrifolia Heering in I. Urban, Symb.
Antill. 5: 243. 1907.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America. Baccharis scoparioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 150. 1866.
Common Name: Groundsel (Bahamas). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 30, 45, 152. Common Name: Hinojo (Cuba).
Reference: 136.
Baccharis halimifolia L. var. angustior DC., Prodr. 5: 412. 1836.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and United States (FL). Baccharis shaferi Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 461. 1916.
Common Names: Bajaquillo, Chicoria, Clavellina espanta mosquitos, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Espanta mosquitos, Motilla, Tapafrío, Tapa-frío, Tres marías, Reference: 136.
Yanilla blanca (Cuba). Baccharis speciosa DC. = Baccharis pedunculata (Mill.) Cabrera
Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench, Methodus 578. 1794.
Baccharis halimifolia L. f. subintegrifolia Heering = Baccharis Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1634. 1803.
halimifolia L. var. halimifolia Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica.
Baccharis melastomifolia Hook. & Arn. = Baccharis punctulata DC. Reference: 254 (Harris 5472).
Baillieria sylvestris Aubl. = Clibadium sylvestre (Aubl.) Baill. Bidens bipinnata sensu Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 640. 1911, non L.
Bidens portoricensis Spreng. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 601. 1836;
Baltimora geminata (Brandegee) Stuessy, Fieldiana, Bot. 36: 42. 1973;
Bidens cynapiifolia Kunth var. portoricensis (Spreng.) O.E. Schulz
Melampodium geminatum Brandegee, Zoe 5: 223. 1905.
in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 131. 1911.
Baltimora recta sensu Alain, Flora Cuba 5: 189. 1962, non L.
Bidens cynapiifolia Kunth var. tenuis O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Bonaire, Curaçao, Mexico,
Antill. 7: 131. 1911.
and Central America.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John,
Baltimora recta sensu Alain = Baltimora geminata (Brandegee) Stuessy Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
*Berylsimpsonia crassinervis (Urb.) B.L. Turner, Phytologia 74: 352. Marie Galante, Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St.
1993; Proustia crassinervis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 470. 1899. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 5, 7, 30. Common Names: Yellow beggar-ticks (Bahamas), Aceitilla (Dominican
Republic), Alfiler, Z’aiguille marron, Z’herbe zéquille (Haiti),
*Berylsimpsonia vanillosma (C. Wright) B.L. Turner, Phytologia 74: Spanish needle (Jamaica), Alfilerillo, Manzanilla negra, Margarita
352. 1993; Proustia vanillosma C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales blanca (Puerto Rico).
Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 6: 212. 1870; Acourtia vanillosma (C. References: 1, 2, 4, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 152, 185, 224, 301,
Wright) Crisi, J. Arnold Arbor. 55: 605. 1974. 340.
Pectis pratensis C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Habana 6: 210. 1870.
Proustia krugiana Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 471. 1899. Bidens cynapiifolia Kunth var. portoricensis (Spreng.) O.E. Schulz =
Proustia stenophylla Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 65. 1926. Bidens cynapiifolia Kunth
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Bidens cynapiifolia Kunth var. tenuis O.E. Schulz = Bidens cynapiifolia
and Puerto Rico. Kunth
References: 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 136, 149.
Bidens dissecta (O.E. Schulz) Sherff = Bidens reptans (L.) G. Don var.
Bidens alba (L.) DC. var. radiata (Sch. Bip.) R.E. Ballard, Phytologia dissecta O.E. Schulz
32: 295. 1975; Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata (Sch. Bip.) J.A.
Bidens domingensis O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 429.
Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap Verd. Ins. 197. 1852; Bidens pilosa L. f.
1912.
radiata Sch. Bip., Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2, ser. 2, livr. 75): 242.
1844.
Coreopsis leucanthema L., Cent. Pl. 1, 29. 1755; Bidens leucantha (L.)
Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1719. 1803; Bidens pilosa L. var. leucantha (L.) Bidens ekmanii O.E. Schulz ex Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26:
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 322. 1891. 111. 1929, var. ekmanii
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, References: 136, 152.
St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, St. Lucia, Bidens ekmanii O.E. Schulz ex Urb. var. paucidentata O.E. Schulz ex
St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, North America, Mexico, Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 111. 1929.
Central America, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: White beggar-ticks (Bahamas), Aceitilla, Aguille, References: 136, 152.
Clavelito de monte, Margarita silvestre, Romerillo, Saltillo,
Santillo, Yema de huevo (Dominican Republic), Alfiler, Z’aiguie, Bidens hirsuta Sw. = Otopappus hirsutus (Sw.) R.L. Hartman & Stuessy
Z’aiguille, Zéguie (Haiti), Spanish needle (Lesser Antilles). Bidens laevis Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., Prelim. Cat. 29. 1888.
References: 1, 2, 4, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 75, 136, 151, 152, 224, 340, 456. Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. References: 136, 224.
Bidens atriplicifolia L. = Isocarpha atriplicifolia (L.) R. Br. ex DC. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
subsp. atriplicifolia Bidens leucantha (L.) Willd. = Bidens alba (L.) DC. var. radiata (Sch.
Bidens berteroana Spreng. = Cosmos caudatus Kunth Bip.) R.E. Ballard
Bidens bimucronata Turcz. = Bidens pilosa L. var. pilosa Bidens leucantha sensu Griseb. = Bidens pilosa L. var. pilosa
Bidens bipinnata sensu Urb. = Bidens cynapiifolia Kunth Bidens mitis (Michx.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81: 43. 1926; Coreopsis mitis
Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 140. 1803.
Bidens brachycarpa DC. = Bidens pilosa L. var. brachycarpa (DC.) O.E. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to North America.
Schulz References: 136, 151, 224, 252.
Bidens brittonii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 56: 492. 1913. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Bidens monophylla Urb. = Bidens pilosa L. var. pilosa
Bidens nivea L. = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Bidens clarendonensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 9. 1912.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Bidens pilosa L, Sp. Pl. 832. 1753, var. pilosa
Reference: 2. Bidens bimucronatus Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 24
(1): 184. 1851; Bidens pilosa L. var. bimucronatus (Turcz.) O.E.
Bidens coreopsidis DC. = Bidens reptans (L.) G. Don var. reptans Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 138. 1911.
Bidens cynapiifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bidens leucantha sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 373. 1861, non (L.)
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 185. 1818. Willd.
number 9 8 • 97
Bidens monophyllus Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 81. 1931. Bidens rubifolia sensu authors = Bidens reptans (L.) G. Don var. reptans
Bidens pilosa L. var. dubia O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: Bidens scandens L. = Salmea scandens (L.) DC.
135. 1911.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Bidens shrevei Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 359. 1910.
Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Reference: 2.
Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Bidens subalternans DC., Prodr. 5: 600. 1836.
Trinidad, Mexico, and South America. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to South America.
Common Names: Romerillo, Romerillo blanco (Cuba), Spanish needle References: 39, 136, 224.
(Jamaica), Margarita, Romerillo (Puerto Rico), Shepherd’s needle Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
(Virgin Islands). Cuba (39), and invasive by CeNBIO.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 136, 149, 150, 152, 224, 301, 323, 340.
Bidens tenera O.E. Schulz var. paucidentata Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 89: 362.
1930.
Bidens pilosa L. var. bimucronatus (Turcz.) O.E. Schulz = Bidens pilosa Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
L. var. pilosa References: 136, 224.
Bidens pilosa L. var. brachycarpa (DC.) O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Bidens trelawniensis Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 69. 1967.
Antill. 7: 138. 1911; Bidens brachycarpa DC., Prodr. 5: 600. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
1836. Reference: 2.
Bidens urbanii Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(6):
and South America.
271. 1907; Bidens reptans (L.) G. Don var. urbanii (Greenm.) O.E.
Reference: 30.
Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 141. 1911.
Bidens pilosa L. var. dubius O.E. Schulz = Bidens pilosa L. var. pilosa Bidens portoricensis sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 285.
Bidens pilosa L. var. leucantha (L.) Kuntze = Bidens alba (L.) DC. var. 1881, non Spreng.
radiata (Sch. Bip.) R.E. Ballard Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Central
America.
Bidens pilosa L. var. minor (Blume) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 80: 387. 1925. References: 32, 58, 61, 136.
References: 136, 149. Bidens verticillata L. = Trichospira verticillata (L.) S.F. Blake
Bidens pilosa L. f. radiata Sch. Bip. = Bidens alba (L.) DC. var. radiata Bigelowia menziesii (Hook. & Arn.) A. Gray var. scopulorum M.E.
(Sch. Bip.) R.E. Ballard Jones = Chrysothamnus scopulorum (M.E. Jones) Urbatsch, R.P.
Roberts & Neubig
Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata (Sch. Bip.) J.A. Schmidt = Bidens alba (L.)
DC. var. radiata (Sch. Bip.) R.E. Ballard Blumea lyrata (Kunth) V.M. Badillo = Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.)
D’Arcy
Bidens portoricensis Spreng. = Bidens cynapiifolia Kunth
Blumea viscosa (Mill.) V.M. Badillo = Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.)
Bidens portoricensis sensu Bello = Bidens urbanii Greenm. D’Arcy
Bidens reptans (L.) G. Don in R. Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 360. 1839, Blumea viscosa (Mill.) V.M. Badillo var. lyrata (Kunth) D’ Arcy =
var. reptans; Coreopsis reptans L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1228. 1759. Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D’Arcy
Bidens coreopsidis DC., Prodr. 5: 599. 1836.
Bidens reptans (L.) G. Don var. bipartitus O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Borrichia arborescens (L.) DC., Prodr. 5: 489. 1836; Buphthalmum
Symb. Antill. 7: 141. 1911. arborescens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1227. 1759.
Bidens rubifolia sensu authors, non Kunth Anthemis crassifolia Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mex. (ed. 2): 190. 1894.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
(Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St.
Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados,
South America. Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique,
Common Names: McKatty weed (Jamaica), Manzanilla trepadora Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
(Puerto Rico). Vincent), North America, Mexico, Central America, and South
References: 1, 2, 6, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 131, 136, 340. America.
Common Names: Bay marigold, Sea ox-eye (Bahamas), Romero,
Bidens reptans (L.) G. Don var. bipartitus O.E. Schulz = Bidens reptans Romero de playa, Verdolaga de mar (Cuba), Té de playa, Té
(L.) G. Don var. reptans marino (Dominican Republic), Petal lomer (Haiti), Seaside ox-eye
Bidens reptans (L.) G. Don var. dissecta O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. (Jamaica), Fleur-soleil bord de mer, Gull feed, Seaside tansy (Lesser
Antill. 7: 142. 1911; Bidens dissecta (O.E. Schulz) Sherff, Bot. Antilles), Clavelón de playa (Puerto Rico).
Gaz. 56: 493. 1913. References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 136, 151.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Borrichia cubana Britton & S.F. Blake, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16:
References: 2, 30, 151, 152. 116. 1920.
Bidens reptans (L.) G. Don var. tomentosa O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Distribution: Native to Cuba and United States (FL).
Symb. Antill. 7: 141. 1911. References: 39, 136, 150, 156.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Bidens reptans (L.) G. Don var. urbanii (Greenm.) O.E. Schulz = Bidens Borrichia frutescens (L.) DC., Prodr. 5: 489. 1836; Buphthalmum
urbanii Greenm. frutescens L., Sp. Pl. 903. 1753.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, North America, and Mexico. Common Names: Azafrán bastardo (Cuba), Cartamo (Dominican
References: 45, 150. Republic).
References: 7, 132.
Brachyramphus caribaeus DC. = Launaea intybacea (Jacq.) Beauverd
Centaurea cineraria L., Sp. Pl. 912. 1753.
Brachyramphus caribaeus sensu A. Stahl = Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to Europe.
Brachyramphus intybaceus (Jacq.) DC. = Launaea intybacea (Jacq.) Common Names: Cineraria, Marina (Cuba), Lluvia de plata
Beauverd (Dominican Republic).
Brickellia diffusa (Vahl) A. Gray, Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 86. References: 7, 132.
1852; Eupatorium diffusum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 94. 1794. Centaurea cyanus L., Sp. Pl. 911. 1753.
Eupatorium trichosanthum A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native
Bot. 11: 41. 1850. to Europe and Asia.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico, Common Names: Centaura (Cuba), Flor de maíz (Puerto Rico).
Central America, and South America. References: 7, 61, 131, 132, 159.
Common Names: Alfilerillo (Dominican Republic), Z’herbe zerquil
Centratherum muticum (Kunth) Less. = Centratherum punctatum Cass.
(Haiti).
References: 2, 5, 7, 136, 224, 301, 351. Centratherum punctatum Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 7: 384. 1817.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Centratherum muticum (Kunth) Less., Linnaea 4: 320. 1829.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola,
Buphthalmum arborescens L. = Borrichia arborescens (L.) DC.
Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Buphthalmum frutescens L. = Borrichia frutescens (L.) DC. Martinique, Saba, St. Lucia), and Trinidad; native to Mexico,
Cacalia aurantiaca Blume = Gynura aurantiaca (Blume) DC. Central America, and South America.
Common Name: Magéwit, Marguerite (Lesser Antilles).
Cacalia bahamensis (Griseb.) Kuntze = Lepidaploa arbuscula (Less.) References: 1, 7, 58, 151, 252, 254, 301.
H. Rob.
Chaenocephalus lobatus Urb. var. lobatus = Verbesina aspera S.F. Blake
Cacalia cancellata Rudolphi ex Ledeb. = Pluchea foetida (L.) DC.
Chaenocephalus lobatus Urb. var. brachyphyllus Urb. = Verbesina
Cacalia coccinea Sims = Emilia coccinea (Sims) G. Don aspera S.F. Blake
Cacalia cordifolia L. f. = Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd. Chaenocephalus petrobioides Griseb. = Verbesina petrobioides (Griseb.)
Cacalia discolor Griseb. = Koanophyllon villosum (Sw.) R.M. King & S.F. Blake
H. Rob. subsp. villosum Chaenocephalus propinquus Britton = Verbesina propinqua (Britton)
Cacalia ruderalis (Jacq.) Sw. = Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. S.F. Blake
Cacalia sonchifolia L. = Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Chaenocephalus rupestris Urb. = Verbesina rupestris (Urb.) S.F. Blake
Calea aspera Jacq. = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small Chaenocephalus venosus Urb. = Verbesina nervosa S.F. Blake
Calea jamaicensis (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1179. 1763; Santolina Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert = Matricaria chamomilla L.
jamaicensis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1207. 1759; Calea jamaicensis Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb. = Matricaria discoidea D.C.
(L.) L. var. parvifolia Moore, J. Bot. 67: 130. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Chaptalia albicans (Sw.) Vent. ex B.D. Jacks., Index Kew. 1: 503. 1893;
Common Names: Camphor bush, Halbert weed (Jamaica). Tussilago albicans Sw., Prodr. 113. 1788; Leria albicans (Sw.) DC.,
References: 2, 151, 156. Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 19: 68. 1812.
Chaptalia leiocarpa (DC.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 747. 1921; Leria
Calea jamaicensis (L.) L. var. parvifolia S. Moore = Calea jamaicensis leiocarpa DC., Prodr. 7: 42. 1838; Gerbera leiocarpa (DC.) Schultz
(L.) L. Bip. in B. Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 313. 1856.
Callistephus x sinensis Bergmans, Vaste Pl. Rotsheesters 546. 1924. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico,
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native United States (FL), Mexico, and Central America.
to China. References: 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 136, 150, 224, 309.
References: 7, 61, 224. Chaptalia angustata Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 432. 1912.
Calydermos jamaicensis Spreng. = Critonia dalea (L.) DC. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Calydermos spilanthoides (Griseb.) Griseb. = Wedelia serrata Rich. var.
serrata Chaptalia azuensis Urb. & Ekman = Chaptalia tomentosa Vent.
Calyptocarpus vialis Less., Syn. Gen. Compos. 221. 1832. Chaptalia comptonioides Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, 16: 117. 1920.
North America, Mexico, and Central America. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Name: Hierba del caballo (Bahamas). References: 39, 136.
References: 4, 7, 45, 136. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Carduus pinetorum Small = Cirsium vittatum (Small) Small
Chaptalia crassiuscula Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 228. 1925.
Carduus vittatum Small = Cirsium vittatum (Small) Small
Carelia domingensis (Spreng.) Kuntze = Phania domingensis (Spreng.) Reference: 136.
Griseb.
Chaptalia crispata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 97. 1931.
Carthamus tinctorius L., Sp. Pl. 830. 1753. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; widely cultivated, origin Reference: 7.
probably Eurasia.
number 9 8 • 99
Chaptalia dentata (L.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 26: 104. 1823; St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad,
Tussilago dentata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1213. 1763. North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Chaptalia primulacea Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 195. 1906. Common Names: Pinga negre, Terciopelo (Dominican Republic),
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Chicorrée, Foi pas nan conté, Foi pas non compte, Pas d’ane,
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), and North America. Taureau, Tigre, Tussilage (Haiti), Heal-and-draw (Jamaica), Dour
Common Names: Cachimbito, Clavel (Dominican Republic). blanc, Dos blanc, Féy do blan (Lesser Antilles), Bretónica (Puerto
References: 2, 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 123, 136, 152. Rico).
Chaptalia denticellata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 98. 1931. References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 136, 152, 301.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Chaptalia obovata C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Reference: 7. Habana 6: 212. 1870.
Chaptalia dolichopoda Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 99. 1931. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). References: 30, 39, 136, 224.
Reference: 7. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Chaptalia eggersii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 418. 1903.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Chaptalia primulacea Greene = Chaptalia dentata (L.) Cass.
References: 5, 7, 30. Chaptalia pumila (Sw.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 420. 1903; Tussilago
Chaptalia ekmanii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 227. 1925. pumila Sw., Prodr. 113. 1788.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
References: 39, 136. and Jamaica.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 2, 7, 30, 136.
Cuba (39). Chaptalia rocana Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 118.
Chaptalia fallax Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 195. 1906. 1920.
Chaptalia flavicans Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 101. 1931. Chaptalia shaferi Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 118.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). 1920.
Reference: 136.
Chaptalia latipes Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 99. 1931.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Chaptalia stenocephala (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 420. 1903;
Reference: 7. Leria stenocephala Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 158. 1866.
Chaptalia leiocarpa (DC.) Urb. = Chaptalia albicans (Sw.) Vent. ex B.D. References: 30, 124, 136.
Jacks.
Chaptalia subcordata Greene = Chaptalia nutans (L.) Pol.
Chaptalia leptophylla Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 229.
1925. Chaptalia tomentosa Vent., Descr. Pl. Nouv. t. 61. 1802.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Chaptalia azuensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 95. 1931.
Reference: 136. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and North America.
Chaptalia media (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 419. 1903; Leria
media Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 515. 1862. Chaptalia turquinensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Hung. 17: 35. 1972 [“1971”].
Chaptalia membranacea Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 418. 1903. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Cuba (39).
Chaptalia undulata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 100. 1931.
Chaptalia montana Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 51. 1923. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Reference: 136.
Chaptalia vegaensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 96. 1931.
Chaptalia mornicola Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 97. 1931. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Reference: 7.
Reference: 7.
Chromolaena bahamensis (Northr.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
Chaptalia nipensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 229. 1925. 20: 199. 1970; Eupatorium bahamense Northr., Mem. Torrey Bot.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Club 12: 70. 1902; Eupatorium bahamense Urb., Symb. Antill. 3:
Reference: 136. 391. 1903, nom. illeg.
Chaptalia nutans (L.) Pol., Linnaea 41: 582. 1878; Tussilago nutans L., Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1214. 1759; Leria nutans (L.) DC., Ann. Mus. References: 45, 142, 151.
Natl. Hist. Nat. 19: 68. 1812. Chromolaena borinquensis (Britton) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
Chaptalia subcordata Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 195. 1906. 20: 199. 1970; Osmia borinquensis Britton in N.L. Britton &
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 288. 1925;
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Eupatorium borinquense (Britton) B.L. Rob., Contr. Gray Herb.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, 80: 15. 1928.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Eustatius,
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Nevis, Saba, St. Eustatius,
References: 32, 58, 61, 142, 149, 152. St. Kitts).
References: 1, 142.
Chromolaena corymbosa (Aubl.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
20: 200. 1970; Eupatorium corymbosum Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane Chromolaena macrodon (DC.) Nicolson, Phytologia 62: 164. 1987;
2: 799. 1775; Osmia corymbosa (Aubl.) Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Eupatorium macrodon DC., Prodr. 5: 145. 1836.
Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 288. 1925. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica).
Eupatorium atriplicifolium Hort. ex Lam., Encycl. 2: 407. 1788. References: 1, 142.
Eupatorium repandum Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1767. 1803. Chromolaena mononeura (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob. = Chromolaena
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, trigonocarpa (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola,
Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Martinique, Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 20: 204.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts), and French Guiana. 1970; Eupatorium odoratum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1205. 1759;
Common Name: Moya de Santa María (Cuba). Osmia odorata (L.) Sch. Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia 22-24: 250. 1866.
References: 1, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 136, 142, 151, 224. Eupatorium conyzoides Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 96. 1794.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John,
Chromolaena dussii (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 20: 200. St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
1970; Eupatorium dussii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 521. 1908. Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Montserrat). Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius,
References: 1, 30, 142. St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, North
Chromolaena geraniifolia (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 20: America (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
201. 1970; Eupatorium geraniifolium Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 458. Common Names: Baby tea, Christmas bush, Fleurit-noël (Lesser
1899; Osmia geraniifolia (Urb.) Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Antilles).
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 288. 1925. References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 142, 151, 150,
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. 224, 301, 340.
References: 30, 58, 61, 142, 151. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Chromolaena heteroclina (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Chromolaena ossaeana (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 20:
20: 201. 1970; Eupatorium heteroclinium Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 204. 1970; Eupatorium ossaeanum DC., Prodr. 5: 144. 1836.
358. 1861. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent); cultivated and
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. described from Cuba.
References: 2, 142. References: 1, 142, 152, 224.
Chromolaena heterosquamea (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Phytologia 32: 283. 1975; Eupatorium heterosquameum Urb. & Chromolaena oteroi (Monach.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 20:
Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 54. 1931. 204. 1970; Eupatorium oteroi Monach., Phytologia 2: 406. 1948.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico (Mona Is.).
Chromolaena impetiolaris (Griseb.) Nicolson, Phytologia 64. 164. Chromolaena rigida (Sw.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 49: 4.
1987; Eupatorium impetiolare Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 357. 1861. 1981; Eupatorium rigidum Sw., Prodr. 111. 1788.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica). Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Chromolaena integrifolia (Bertero ex Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Chromolaena sinuata (Lam.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32:
Phytologia 20: 202. 1970; Eupatorium integrifolium Bertero ex 283. 1975; Eupatorium sinuatum Lam., Encycl. 2: 407. 1788;
Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 410. 1826. Osmia sinuata (Lam.) Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie & Virgin Islands 6: 288. 1925.
Galante, Montserrat, St. Kitts). Eupatorium canescens Vahl in H. West, Bidr. Beskr. Ste Croix 302. 1793.
Common Name: Violette bord de mer (Lesser Antilles). Eupatorium sinuatum Lam. var. desportesii Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 711.
Eupatorium sinuatum Lam. var. viscigerum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot.
Chromolaena ivifolia (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 20: 202.
23A(11): 53. 1931.
1970; Eupatorium ivifolium L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1205. 1759;
Osmia ivifolia (L.) Sch. Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia 22-24: 250. 1866.
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Tobago, Trinidad, North
Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Eustatius).
References: 1, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 136, 142, 151, 152.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 58, 61, 136, 142, 151, 152, 301.
Chromolaena trigonocarpa (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
Chromolaena lucayana (Britton) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 20:
20: 207. 1970; Eupatorium trigonocarpum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.
203. 1970; Eupatorium lucayanum Britton in N.L. Britton & C.F.
359. 1861.
Millspaugh, Bahama Fl. 439. 1920.
Eupatorium mononeurum Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 392. 1903;
Chromolaena mononeura (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Chromolaena macrantha (Sw.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 20: Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
203. 1970; Eupatorium macranthum Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1315. Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia).
1806. References: 1, 30, 31, 142, 149, 151.
number 9 8 • 101
Chrysanthellum americanum (L.) Vatke, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Cineraria incana Sw. = Jacmaia incana (Sw.) B. Nord.
Bremen 9: 122. 1885; Anthemis americana L., Sp. Pl. 895. 1753. Cineraria laciniata Sw. = Odontocline laciniata (Sw.) B. Nord.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central
America, and South America. Cineraria lucida Sw. = Dendrophorbium lucidum (Sw.) C. Jeffrey
Common Names: Manzanilla de la tierra, Manzanilla del país (Cuba), Cirsium horridulum Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 90. 1803.
Yerba buena cimarrona (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Native to Bahamas, North America, and Mexico.
References: 2, 5, 7, 136, 151, 224. Common Name: Bull thistle (Bahamas).
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Reference: 45.
Chrysanthemum indicum L., Sp. Pl. 889. 1753. Cirsium mexicanum DC., Prodr. 6: 636. 1838.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to Africa and Cnicus portoricensis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 329. 1891; Cirsium
Asia. portoricense (Kuntze) Petr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 237. 1910.
References: 7, 224. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser
Chrysanthemum lacustre Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 376. 1804. Antilles (Martinique).
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola; native to Portugal. Common Names: Serrucho (Cuba), Cardo, Thistle (Puerto Rico).
Reference: 7. References: 1, 5, 7, 58, 61, 136, 152, 224.
Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond = Leucanthemum maximum
(Ramond) DC. Cirsium pinetorum (Small) Small = Cirsium vittatum (Small) Small
Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh. = Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Cirsium portoricense (Kuntze) Petr. = Cirsium mexicanum DC.
Sch. Bip. Cirsium smallii Britton = Cirsium vittatum Small
Chrysocoma scoparia L. = Baccharis scoparia (L.) Sw. Cirsium vittatum (Small) Small, Fl. Miami 199. 1913; Carduus vittatus
Chrysogonum peruvianum L. = Zinnia peruviana (L.) L. Small, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 439. 1905.
Carduus pinetorum Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1308. 1903; Cirsium pinetorum
Chrysoma domingensis (Spreng.) Greene = Gundlachia domingensis (Small) Small, Fl. Miami 199. 1913, nom. illeg.; Cirsium smallii
(Spreng.) A. Gray Britton in N.L. Britton & C.F. Millspaugh, Bahama Fl. 458. 1920.
Chrysoma domingensis (Spreng.) Greene var. obtusifolia Greene = Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America.
Gundlachia corymbosa (Urb.) Britton ex Bold. Common Name: Pineland thistle (Bahamas).
Reference: 45.
Chrysothamnus scopulorum (M.E. Jones) Urbatsch, R.P. Roberts &
Neubig, Sida 21: 1626. 2005; Bigelowia menziesii (Hook. & Arn.) Clibadium badieri (DC.) Griseb. = Clibadium sylvestre (Aubl.) Baill.
A. Gray var. scopulorum M.E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, Clibadium erosum (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 6: 506. 1838; Trixis erosa Sw.,
5 (18): 692. 1895; Hesperodoria scopulorum (M.E. Jones) Greene, Prodr. 115. 1788.
Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 173. 1906. Clibadium fragiferum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 368. 1861.
Haplopappus scopulorum (M.E. Jones) S.F. Blake var. canonis S.L. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico, Virgin
Welsh, Utah Fl., ed. 3, 200. 2003. Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to North America. Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
References: 149, 151, 152, 161. Martin, St. Vincent), and doubtful to Trinidad.
Chthonia glaucescens Cass. = Pectis glaucescens (Cass.) D.J. Keil Common Name: Medsinnyé benní (Lesser Antilles), Carruzo, Turma de
toro (Puerto Rico).
Chthonia leptocephala Cass. = Pectis glaucescens (Cass.) D.J. Keil
References: 1, 30, 58, 61, 301, 458.
Chthonia repens Cass. = Pectis humifusa Sw.
Clibadium fragiferum Griseb. = Clibadium erosum (Sw.) DC.
Chuquiraga intertexta (C. Wright) Molinet & M. Gómez = Anastraphia
Clibadium havanense DC. = Clibadium sylvestre (Aubl.) Baill.
intertexta C. Wright ex Griseb.
Clibadium surinamense L., Mant. Pl. 2: 294. 1771.
Chuquiraga mantuensis (C. Wright) M. Gómez & Molinet =
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Grenada,
Anastraphia mantuensis C. Wright ex Griseb.
Martinique, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico,
Chuquiraga pardoiana M. Gómez & Molinet = Anastraphia ilicifolia Central America, and South America.
D. Don Common Name: Jackass breadnut (Jamaica).
*Ciceronia chaptalioides Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 225. References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 151, 301, 323.
1925. Clibadium sylvestre (Aubl.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 8: 307. 1882; Baillieria
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. sylvestris Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 807. 1775.
References: 39, 136. Clibadium badieri (DC.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 368. 1861.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Clibadium havanense DC., Prodr. 5: 506. 1836.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Cichorium intybus L., Sp. Pl. 813. 1753. Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Trinidad, and South
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser America; exotic in Cuba.
Antilles (Martinique); native to Eurasia. Common Names: Enivre, Nivoue (Lesser Antilles).
Common Names: Achicoria de bruselas (Cuba), Achicoria, Escarola References: 1, 36, 136, 151, 224, 301, 458.
(Dominican Republic), Chicorée (Haiti), Achicoria, Chicoria, Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Chicory (Puerto Rico). Clibadium terebinthinaceum (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 5: 506. 1836.
References: 7, 61, 123, 131, 132, 224. Clibadium alexandri Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 368. 1861.
Cineraria discolor Sw. = Zemisia discolor (Sw.) B. Nord. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Jamaica, Tobago, and Trinidad.
Cineraria glabra Sw. = Odontocline glabra (Sw.) B. Nord.
Common Names: Enivre, Nivoue (Lesser Antilles). Erigeron subalpinus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 53. 1921.
References: 2, 30, 36, 136, 149, 458. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Hispaniola,
Cnicus portoricensis Kuntze = Cirsium mexicanum DC.
Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
Coleostephus myconis(L.) Rchb. f., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv.16: 49. 1853. Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy,
Distribution: Naturalized in Hispaniola (Dominican republic: Valle St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Trinidad,
Nuevo). and North America.
Reference: 254. Common Names: Smooth horseweed (Bahamas), Barrilla, Pinillo, Pinito
Condylidium iresinoides (Kunth) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia (Dominican Republic), Canada fleabane (Jamaica), Mil hojas,
24: 381. 1972; Eupatorium iresinoides Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Orozuz, Pascueta, Yerba de mil hojas (Puerto Rico).
Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 35, 45, 58, 61, 136, 151, 224, 231, 301.
ed.) 4: 83. 1818. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Eupatorium glumaceum DC., Prodr. 5: 181. 1836. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist var. pusilla (Nutt.) Cronquist =
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist var. canadensis
Martinique, Saba, St. Lucia), Trinidad, Margarita, Central
Conyza carolinensis Jacq. = Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don
References: 1, 58, 136, 151, 152, 301, 323. Conyza chilensis Spreng. = Conyza primulifolia (Lam.) Cuatrec. &
Lourteig
Conocliniopsis prasiifolia (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 23:
308. 1972; Conoclinium prasiifolium DC., Prodr. 5: 135. 1836. Conyza cinerea L. = Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob.
Eupatorium ballotifolium sensu Alain, Fl. Española 8: 128. 1996, non Conyza domingensis Spreng. = Nesampelos lucens (Poir.) B. Nord.
Kunth.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Margarita, and South America. Conyza domingensis Willd. ex DC. = Nesampelos lucens (Poir.) B. Nord.
References: 7, 149, 151, 161, 323. Conyza floribunda Kunth = Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist var.
Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC., Prodr. 5: 135. 1836; Eupatorium bonariensis
coelestinum L., Sp. Pl. 838. 1753. Conyza fruticosa L. = Lepidaploa fruticosa (L.) H. Rob.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America.
Conyza fruticosa sensu Eggers = Lepidaploa glabra (Willd.) H. Rob.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Conyza glabra Willd. = Lepidaploa glabra (Willd.) H. Rob.
Conoclinium prasiifolium DC. = Conocliniopsis prasiifolia (DC.) R.M. Conyza laevigata (Rich.) Pruski, Brittonia 50: 475. 1998; Erigeron
King & H. Rob. laevigatus Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 112. 1792.
Conyza apurensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
Conyza alopecuroides Lam. = Pterocaulon alopecuroideum (Lam.) DC.
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 57. 1818.
Conyza apurensis Kunth = Conyza laevigata (Rich.) Pruski Conyza subspathulata Cronquist, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70: 632. 1943.
Conyza araneosa (Urb.) Cronquist = Laennecia araneosa (Urb.) Erigeron canadensis sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 5: 120.
G. Sancho & Pruski 1887, non L.
Erigeron rivularis sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 5: 158. 1887,
Conyza arborescens L. = Lepidaploa arborescens (L.) H. Rob. non Sw.
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70: 632. Erigeron spathulatus Vahl in H. West, Bidr. Beskr. Ste. Croix 303. 1793.
1943, var. bonariensis; Erigeron bonariensis L., Sp. Pl. 863. 1753; Leptilon chinense (Jacq.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv.
Leptilon bonariense (L.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1231. 1903. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 296. 1925.
Conyza floribunda Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico,
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 57. 1818. Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita, Central
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, America, and South America.
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts, References: 1, 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 150, 151, 154, 224, 301,
St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central 323, 340.
America, South America, and Old World. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Common Names: Hairy horseweed (Bahamas), Asthma weed (Jamaica), Conyza lobata L. = Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. ex Cass.
Zèbe coq d’inde (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 136, 154, 224, 301. Conyza lucens Poir. = Nesampelos lucens (Poir.) B. Nord.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Conyza lyrata Kunth = Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D’Arcy
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist var. leiotheca (S.F. Blake) Cuatrec., Conyza myrsinites Lam. = Baccharis myrsinites (Lam.) Pers. var. myrsinites
Phytologia 9: 5. 1963; Erigeron bonariensis L. var. leiothecus S.F.
Conyza odorata L. = Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass.
Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 28. 1917.
Distribution: A doubtful record from Puerto Rico; otherwise known Conyza pedunculata Mill. = Baccharis pedunculata (Mill.) Cabrera
from South America. Conyza primulifolia (Lam.) Cuatrec. & Lourteig, Phytologia 58: 475.
References: 58, 151. 1985; Inula primulifolia Lam., Encycl. 3: 261. 1789.
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70: 632. Conyza chilensis Spreng., Novi Provent. 14. 1819.
1943, var. canadensis; Erigeron canadensis L., Sp. Pl. 863. 1753. Erigeron buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 558. 1913.
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist var. pusilla (Nutt.) Cronquist, Bull. Erigeron pinetorum Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 425. 1912.
Torrey Bot. Club 74: 150. 1947; Leptilon pusillum (Nutt.) Britton, Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and South America.
Torreya 14: 198. 1914. References: 5, 7, 30, 58.
number 9 8 • 103
Conyza purpurascens Sw. = Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr., Erst. Beitr. Fl. Hercyn. 287. 1840.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, South America, and
Conyza subspathulata Cronquist = Conyza laevigata (Rich.) Pruski
Europe.
Conyza symphytifolia Mill. = Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. ex Cass. Reference: 254.
Conyza viscosa Mill. = Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D’Arcy Crepis japonica (L.) Benth. = Youngia japonica (L.) DC.
Coreopsis alba L. = Bidens alba (L.) DC. var. alba Critonia aromatisans (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 22: 48.
Coreopsis buchii (Urb.) S.F. Blake = Selleophytum buchii Urb. 1971; Eupatorium aromatisans DC., Prodr. 5: 150. 1836.
Coreopsis lanceolata L., Sp. Pl. 908. 1753. Hispaniola.
Distribution: Naturalized in Hispaniola (Dominican Republic: Valle References: 7, 136, 152.
Nuevo).
Reference: 254. Critonia dalea (L.) DC., Prodr. 5: 140. 1836; Eupatorium dalea L.,
Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1204. 1759.
Coreopsis leucanthema L. = Bidens alba (L.) DC. var. radiata (Sch. Bip.) Calydermos jamaicensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 457. 1826.
R.E. Ballard Eupatorium pseudodalea (DC.) M. Gómez & Molinet var.
Coreopsis mitis Michx. = Bidens mitis (Michx.) Sherff macrodontum B.L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 55: 27. 1919.
Coreopsis rosea Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 179. 1818.
References: 2, 136, 151, 152.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to North America.
References: 5, 7, 159, 224. Critonia dalea sensu A. Stahl & sensu Bello = Critonia portoricensis
(Urb.) Britton & P. Wilson
Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt., J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 2: 114. 1821.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Critonia dominicensis R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 23: 405.
Islands; native to North America. 1972.
Common Names: Estrella del norte (Cuba), Ojos de gato, Ojos de poeta Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique).
(Puerto Rico). References: 1, 142.
References: 7, 61, 131, 132, 159, 224. Critonia imbricata Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 512. 1862; Eupatorium
Cosmos aurantiacus Klatt = Cosmos sulphureus Cav. imbricatum (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 460. 1899.
Cosmos bipinnatus Cav., Icon. 1: 10. 1791.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, and Hispaniola; native to southwestern
United States, Mexico, and Central America. Critonia inaequidens (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 22: 49.
References: 7, 136, 159, 224. 1971; Eupatorium inaequidens Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 460. 1899.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Cosmos caudatus Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 188. 1818. Critonia macropoda DC., Prodr. 5: 140. 1836; Eupatorium macropus
Bidens berteroana Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 454. 1826. Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 460. 1899, non E. macropodum Baker.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Eupatorium magdalenae Stehlé, Adansonia, n.s., 2: 349. 1962.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique, St.
Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Lucia); doubtful to Trinidad.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, References: 1, 30, 142, 152, 301.
St. Vincent), Tobago, and Trinidad; native to Mexico, Central Critonia parviflora DC., Prodr. 5: 140. 1836; Eupatorium parviflorum
America, and South America. Sw., Prodr. 111. 1788, nom. illeg.
Common Names: Romerillo (Cuba), Yema de huevo (Dominican Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Republic), Clavelillo, Margarita, Piquete (Puerto Rico). References: 2, 142.
References: 1, 4, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 136, 224, 230, 301, 340.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Critonia platychaeta (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 23: 405.
1972; Eupatorium platychaetum Urb., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-
Cosmos sulphureus Cav., Icon. 1: 56. 1791. Dahlem 8: 23. 1921.
Cosmos aurantiacus Klatt, Leopoldina 25: 105. 1889. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands References: 2, 142.
(St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and doubtful to Trinidad; Critonia portoricensis (Urb.) Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
native to Mexico. & Virgin Islands 6: 291. 1925; Eupatorium portoricense Urb.,
Common Names: Cosmos, Estrella del norte (Cuba), Cosmos, Yemita Symb. Antill. 1: 459. 1899.
(Dominican Republic), Cosmos, Panchita (Puerto Rico). Critonia dalea sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 5: 114. 1887, non
References: 1, 5, 7, 58, 136, 224, 231, 252, 301. DC.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Critonia dalea sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 284. 1881,
non DC.
Cotula verbesina L. = Adenostemma verbesina (L.) Sch. Bip. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Crassina multiflora (L.) Kuntze = Zinnia peruviana (L.) L. References: 30, 58, 61, 75, 142, 340.
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50: 211. 1912; Critonia pseudodalea DC., Prodr. 5: 140. 1836; Eupatorium
Gynura crepidioides Benth., Niger Fl. 438. 1849. pseudodalea (DC.) M. Gómez & Molinet, Anales Hist. Nat. 19:
Distribution: Naturalized in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to 272. 1890.
tropical Africa. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Critonia stigmatica (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands; and Lesser Antilles
22: 50. 1971; Eupatorium stigmaticum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. (Anguilla, Barbados, Saba, St. Vincent); native to southwestern
23A(11): 67. 1931. United States and Mexico.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Names: Dogweed, Fetid marigold (Bahamas).
Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: 252. Dyssodia divaricata Rich. = Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC.
1990; Conyza cinerea L., Sp. Pl. 862. 1753; Vernonia cinerea (L.) Echinops fruticosus L. = Rolandra fruticosa (L.) Kuntze
Less., Linnaea 4: 291. 1829.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. = Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Eclipta erecta L. = Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica,
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Mant. Pl. 2: 286. 1771; Verbesina prostrata
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat,
L., Sp. Pl. 902. 1753.
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar. 528. 1848; Verbesina alba L., Sp.
St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao;
Pl. 902. 1753.
native to Africa, Asia, Malesia, and Australia.
Eclipta erecta L., Mant. Pl. 2: 286. 1771.
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 112, 136, 150, 224, 301, 322,
383.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
Cynara scolymus L., Sp. Pl. 827. 1753. Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat,
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad,
to Europe, Africa, and Asia. Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, North America, Central
Common Names: Alcachofa (Cuba), Alcachofa (Dominican Republic), America, South America, and Old World.
Artichaut (Haiti), Alcachofa, Cardo alcachofero (Puerto Rico). References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 224, 301, 323, 340.
References: 5, 7, 61, 131, 132. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Cyrtocymura saepia (Ekman ex Urb.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. Eclipta sessilis Sw. = Enydra sessilis (Sw.) DC.
100: 853. 1987; Vernonia saepia Ekman ex Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7):
Egletes commixta Shinners = Egletes florida Shinners
63. 1921.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Egletes domingensis Cass. = Egletes prostrata (Sw.) Kuntze
References: 149, 322. Egletes domingensis Cass. var. glabrata DC. = Egletes prostrata (Sw.)
Cyrtocymura scorpioides (Lam.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 100: Kuntze
852. 1987; Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 404. Egletes florida Shinners, Lloydia 12: 248. 1949.
1807. Egletes commixta Shinners, Lloydia 12: 243. 1950.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita, and Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Lucia, St.
South America. Vincent), Margarita, and South America.
Dahlia pinnata Cav., Icon. 1: 57. 1791. Egletes prostrata (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 334. 1891; Matricaria
Dahlia variabilis (Willd.) Desf., Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3, 182. 1820. prostrata Sw., Prodr. 114. 1788.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Virgin Egletes domingensis Cass. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1817: 153. 1817;
Islands; native to Mexico. Grangea domingensis (Cass.) M. Gómez, Dicc. Bot. Nombres
Common Names: Dahlia, Dalia, Gigantón (Cuba), Dahlia, Dalia Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riq. 115. 1889.
(Dominican Republic), Dahlia, Dalia (Puerto Rico). Egletes domingensis Cass. var. glabrata DC., Prodr. 6: 42. 1838.
References: 5, 7, 61, 123, 131, 132, 159, 224, 254. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Virgin Islands (St.
Dahlia variabilis (Willd.) Desf. = Dahlia pinnata Cav. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Kitts, St.
Delilia biflora (L.) Kuntze = Elvira biflora (L.) DC.
Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba, Curaçao, and South America.
Dendrophorbium lucidum (Sw.) C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 47: 67. 1992; Common Names: Manzanilla del país (Cuba), Bouton d’or, Herbe-soleil
Cineraria lucida Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1360. 1806; Senecio (Lesser Antilles).
lucidus (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 6: 411. 1838. References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 32, 61, 136, 151, 152, 224, 301.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Egletes viscosa (L.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos. 252. 1832.
Martinique).
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Mexico, Central America, and
References: 1, 161.
South America.
Dimorphotheca aurantiaca DC., Prodr. 6: 72. 1838. Common Name: Manzanilla del país (Cuba).
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Africa. References: 136, 151, 224.
Common Names: Bandera española, Margarita africana (Dominican Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Republic).
*Ekmania lepidota (Griseb.) Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 250.
1919; Vernonia lepidota Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 145. 1866.
Distreptus spicatus (B. Juss. ex Aubl.) Cass. = Pseudelephantopus Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
spicatus (B. Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F. Baker References: 39, 136, 149, 322.
Dyssodia porophyllum (Cav.) Cav. var. radiata DC. = Adenophyllum Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
porophyllum (Cav.) Hemsl. var. cancellatum (Cass.) Strother Cuba (39).
Dyssodia tenuiloba (DC.) B.L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 49: 508. Ekmaniopappus alainii (J. Jiménez Alm.) Borhidi = Nesampelos alainii
1913. ( J. Jiménez Alm.) B. Nord.
number 9 8 • 105
*Ekmaniopappus mikanioides (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Elephantopus pilosus Philipson, J. Bot. 77: 314. 1939.
Hung. 37: 111. 1992; Herodotia mikanioides Urb. & Ekman, Elephantopus scaber sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 283.
Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 93. 1926. 1881, non L.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Elephantopus scaber L. var. albiflorus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 335.
*Elekmania barahonensis (Urb.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 68. 2006; Elephantopus scaber L. var. nudicaulis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 335.
Senecio barahonensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 91. 1931. 1891.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
References: 7, 42. Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles
(Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie
*Elekmania buchii (Urb.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 69. 2006; Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago,
Senecio buchii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 407. 1921. Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central America, South
Pluchea domingensis Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 327. 1882. America, and Old World.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Names: Lengua de vaca (Cuba), Lengua de vaca, Lengua de
References: 7, 42, 152. vaca de Sabana (Dominican Republic), Elephant foot (Jamaica),
*Elekmania fuertesii (Urb.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 69. 2006; Zou mouton (Lesser Antilles), Lengua de vaca (Puerto Rico).
Senecio fuertesii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 558. 1913. References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 136, 151, 152, 224, 301,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). 340.
References: 7, 30, 42. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
*Elekmania haitiensis (Krug & Urb.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 69. Elephantopus pilosus Philipson = Elephantopus mollis Kunth
2006; Senecio haitiensis Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: Elephantopus pratensis C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
469. 1899. Méd. Habana 6: 177. 1869.
References: 5, 7, 30, 42. Common Name: Lengua de vaca (Cuba).
*Elekmania kuekenthalii (Urb. & Ekman) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: Reference: 136.
69. 2006; Senecio kuekenthalii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): Elephantopus scaber L., Sp. Pl. 814. 1753.
92. 1931. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 7, 42.
Elephantopus scaber L. var. albiflorus Kuntze = Elephantopus mollis
*Elekmania marciana (Urb. & Ekman) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: Kunth
69. 2006; Senecio marcianus Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11):
93. 1931. Elephantopus scaber L. var. nudicaulis Kuntze = Elephantopus mollis
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Kunth
References: 7, 42. Elephantopus scaber sensu Bello = Elephantopus mollis Kunth
*Elekmania picardae (Krug & Urb.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 71. Elephantopus spicatus B. Juss. ex Aubl. = Pseudelephantopus spicatus
2006; Senecio picardae Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: (B. Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F. Baker
469. 1899.
Elephantopus spicatus B. Juss. ex Aubl. var. flavidus Kuntze =
Pseudelephantopus spicatus (B. Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F. Baker
Elephantopus spicatus B. Juss. ex Aubl. var. laxiflorus Kuntze =
*Elekmania samanensis (Urb.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 71. 2006;
Pseudelephantopus spicatus (B. Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F. Baker
Senecio samanensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 374.
1922. Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Sch. Bip., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 24: 239.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). 1866; Melampodium ruderale Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1372. 1806;
References: 7, 42. Ogiera ruderalis (Sw.) Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 513. 1862.
Ogiera triplinervis Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 35: 445. 1825.
*Elekmania stenodon (Urb.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 71. 2006;
Ogiera triplinervis Cass. var. portoricensis DC., Prodr. 5: 546. 1836.
Senecio stenodon Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 65. 1921.
Sigesbeckia portoricensis Bertero ex DC., Prodr. 5: 546. 1836.
Senecio stenodon Urb. var. deglabratus Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 66. 1921.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser
References: 7, 42.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Elephantopus angustifolius Sw. = Orthopappus angustifolius (Sw.) Gleason Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita,
Elephantopus arenarius Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 468. 1916. Central America, South America, and Old World.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Ogiera (Bahamas), Ogiera (Puerto Rico).
References: 39, 136. References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 151, 152, 301, 323,
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of 340.
Cuba (39). Elvira biflora (L.) DC., Prodr. 5: 503. 1836; Delilia biflora (L.) Kuntze,
Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch., Nomencl. Bot. 256. 1797. Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 333. 1891.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to North America. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Mexico, Central America, and
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. References: 136, 224.
Elephantopus mollis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 20. 1818. Emilia coccinea (Sims) G. Don in R. Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 382.
1839; Cacalia coccinea Sims, Bot. Mag. 16: t. 564. 1802.
Emilia sagittata DC., Prodr. 6: 302. 1838. Common Names: Eastern fireweed (Bahamas), Lechuguilla, Letron
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, (Dominican Republic), Coté soleil (Haiti), Laitue sauvage (Lesser
Virgin Islands (Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Antilles), Achicoria de cabra (Puerto Rico).
Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique), Tobago, Trinidad; native to References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 151, 159, 224, 231,
Africa. 301, 340.
References: 1, 4, 7, 58, 61, 136, 159, 301, 383. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Emilia fosbergii Nicolson, Phytologia 32: 34. 1975. Erechtites valerianifolius (Link ex Spreng.) DC., Prodr. 6: 295. 1838;
Emilia javanica sensu C.D. Adams, Fl. Pl. Jamaica 757. 1972, non C.B. Senecio valerianifolius Link ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 565.
Robins. 1826.
Emilia sonchifolia sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 457. 1920, non Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
(L.) DC. ex Wight. (Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba,
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), and Lesser Common Names: Yerba de canela (Dominican Republic), Zeb colur
Antilles (Saba, St. Lucia); native to tropical Asia. (Lesser Antilles), Chicoria azul (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Purple emilia (Bahamas), Pincel de amor, Pincelillo References: 1, 7, 58, 123, 131.
de poeta, Pincelito (Dominican Republic), Goutte de sang rouge, Erigeron araneosus Urb. = Laennecia araneosa (Urb.) G. Sancho &
Rabbit meat, Ti léton (Lesser Antilles), Clavelito Colorado, Pruski
Clavelitos del cafetal (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 4, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 224, 254, 383. Erigeron bellidiastroides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 149. 1866.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Erigeron purpuripes Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43:
468. 1916.
Emilia javanica sensu C.D. Adams = Emilia fosbergii Nicolson Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC., Prodr. 6: 302. 1838, var. sonchifolia; References: 134, 136.
Cacalia sonchifolia L., Sp. Pl. 835. 1753. Erigeron bellioides DC., Prodr. 5: 288. 1836.
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. var. rosea Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. Erigeron rivularis Spreng. ex DC., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 519. 1826.
10: 286. 1881. Erigeron semiovalis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 147. 1919.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba,
Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.
Lesser Antilles (Barbados, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita, Common Names: Yerba del Canadá (Cuba), Bellorita (Puerto Rico).
Central America, and South America; native to southeast Asia. References: 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 161, 309, 340.
Common Names: Cerraja boba, Clavel chino, Clavelillo, Lengua de
gato (Cuba), Huye que te cojo, Yerba socialista (Puerto Rico). Erigeron bonariensis L. = Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist var.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 58, 75, 136, 224, 301, 323, 340, 383. bonariensis
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Erigeron bonariensis L. var. leiothecus S.F. Blake = Conyza bonariensis
Emilia sonchifolia sensu Britton & Millsp. = Emilia fosbergii Nicolson (L.) Cronquist var. leiotheca (S.F. Blake) Cuatrec.
Enydra sessilis (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 5: 637. 1836; Eclipta sessilis Sw., Erigeron buchii Urb. = Conyza primulifolia (Lam.) Cuatrec. & Lourteig
Prodr. 114. 1788. Erigeron caeruleus Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 424. 1912.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Central America, and South America. References: 5, 7, 30.
References: 2, 5, 7, 58, 61, 136, 151, 224.
Erigeron canadensis L. = Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist var.
canadensis
Epaltes brasiliensis DC., Prodr. 5: 461. 1836.
Erigeron canadensis sensu A. Stahl = Conyza laevigata (Rich.) Pruski
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Lucia) and South America; introduced in Cuba. Erigeron capillipes Ekman ex Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21:
References: 1, 136, 151, 224. 225. 1925.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 136.
Epaltes mattfeldii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 105. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Erigeron cuneifolius DC., Prodr. 5: 288. 1836.
Reference: 136. Erigeron jamaicensis sensu Sw., Observ. Bot. 305. 1791, non L.
Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. var. cacalioides (Fisch. ex
Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola) (St. John, St. Thomas,
Spreng.) Griseb. = Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. var.
Tortola), Mexico, and Central America.
hieraciifolius
References: 2, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 136, 151.
Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC., Prodr. 6: 294. 1838, var.
Erigeron dissectus Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 426. 1912.
hieraciifolius; Senecio hieraciifolius L., Sp. Pl. 866. 1753.
Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. var. cacalioides (Fisch. ex
Common Name: Yerba amarga (Dominican Republic).
Spreng.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 381. 1861.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Erigeron domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 403. 1903.
Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Common Names: Bergerettes du Canada, Quinze sous, Vergerettes du
Tobago, Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central America, and Canada, Vergerettes de St. Domingue (Haiti).
South America. References: 5, 7, 30.
number 9 8 • 107
Erigeron earlei Britton & P. Wilson = Erigeron jamaicensis L. Erigeron semiovalis Urb. = Erigeron bellioides DC.
Erigeron fuertesii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 557. 1913. Erigeron spathulatus Vahl = Conyza laevigata (Rich.) Pruski
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Erigeron subalpinus Urb. = Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist var.
References: 5, 7, 30. canadensis
Erigeron hyoseroides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 149. 1866. Erigeron taylorii Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 115.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 1920.
Erigeron jamaicensis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1213. 1759; Aster References: 39, 136, 156.
jamaicensis (L.) Less., Linnaea 5: 144. 1830. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Erigeron earlei Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 116. Cuba (39).
1920. Erigeron thrincioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 148. 1866.
Erigeron rivularis Sw., Prodr. 113. 1788. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Reference: 136.
Central America.
Common Name: Pascueta amarilla (Puerto Rico). Erigeron tuerckheimii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 427. 1912.
References: 2, 5, 7, 58, 61, 136, 151, 156, 161. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Erigeron jamaicensis sensu Sw. = Erigeron cuneifolius DC.
Erigeron vegaensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 556. 1913.
Erigeron karvinskianus DC., Prodr. 5: 285. 1836. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Erigeron mucronatus DC., Prodr. 5: 285. 1836. References: 5, 7, 30.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Lesser Antilles
(Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia); native to Mexico, Eschenbachia lyrata (Kunth) Britton & Millsp. = Pseudoconyza viscosa
Central America, and South America. (Mill.) D’Arcy
Common Name: Rock side daisy (Jamaica). Ethulia bidentis L. = Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze
Ethulia sparganophora L. = Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze
Erigeron laevigatus Rich. = Conyza laevigata (Rich.) Pruski
*Eupatorina sophiifolia (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 21:
Erigeron libanensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 226. 1925. 397. 1971; Eupatorium sophiifolium L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1175.
References: 39, 136. Eupatorium trichospiroides Alain, Moscosoa 8: 16. 1994.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Cuba (39). References: 7, 42.
Erigeron mucronatus DC. = Erigeron karvinskianus DC. Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. = Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.)
Erigeron ocoensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 74. 1931. R.M. King & H. Rob.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Eupatorium aromatisans DC. = Critonia aromatisans (DC.) R.M. King
Reference: 7. & H. Rob.
Erigeron paucilobus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 266. 1925. Eupatorium atriplicifolium Hort. ex Lam. = Chromolaena corymbosa
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (Aubl.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium atroglandulosum Alain = Koanophyllon atroglandulosum
(Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Cuba (39).
Eupatorium ayapana Vent. = Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) R.M. King &
Erigeron pinetorum Urb. = Conyza primulifolia (Lam.) Cuatrec. &
H. Rob.
Lourteig
Eupatorium ayapanoides Griseb. = Koanophyllon ayapanoides
Erigeron polycladus Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 403. 1903.
(Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Martinique). Eupatorium bahamense Northr. = Chromolaena bahamensis (Northr.)
References: 1, 30. R.M. King & H. Rob.
Erigeron psilocaulis Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 74. 1931. Eupatorium ballotifolium sensu Alain = Conocliniopsis prassiifolia
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Reference: 7. Eupatorium barahonense Urb. = Koanophyllon barahonense (Urb.)
Erigeron purpuripes Britton & P. Wilson = Erigeron bellidiastroides R.M. King & H. Rob.
Griseb. Eupatorium brachychaetum B.L. Rob. = Antillia brachychaeta (B.L.
Erigeron quercifolius Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 3: 258. 1823. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America. Eupatorium breviflorum Alain = Koanophyllon breviflorum (Alain)
Common Name: Southern fleabane (Bahamas). R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium bucheri B.L. Rob. = Spaniopappus bucheri (B.L. Rob.)
Erigeron rivularis Spreng. ex DC. = Erigeron bellioides DC. R.M. King & H. Rob.
Erigeron rivularis Sw. = Erigeron jamaicensis L. Eupatorium bullescens B.L. Rob. = Koanophyllon bullescens (B.L.
Erigeron rivularis sensu A. Stahl = Conyza laevigata (Rich.) Pruski Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium cabaionum Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon cabaionum Eupatorium dolicholepis (Urb.) Britton = Koanophyllon dolicholepis
(Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium calcicola Urb. = Koanophyllon calcicola (Urb.) R.M. King Eupatorium dolphini Urb. = Koanophyllon dolphini (Urb.) R.M. King
& H. Rob. & H. Rob.
Eupatorium canescens Vahl = Chromolaena sinuata (Lam.) R.M. King Eupatorium droserolepis B.L. Rob. = Koanophyllon droserolepis (B.L.
& H. Rob. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small in T.C. Porter & N.L. Britton, Eupatorium dussii Urb. = Chromolaena dussii (Urb.) R.M. King &
Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 311. 1894; Artemisia capillifolia Lam., H. Rob.
Encycl. 1: 267. 1783. Eupatorium ekmanii B.L. Rob. = Koanophyllon ekmanii (B.L. Rob.)
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Bahamas and United States. R.M. King & H. Rob.
Common Names: Dog fennel (Bahamas), Anís de la tierra, Copal,
Hinojo de copal, Hinojo de sabana, Pino fiel (Cuba). Eupatorium flavidulum Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon flavidulum
References: 45, 136, 151, 224. (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Eupatorium gabbii Urb. = Koanophyllon gabbii (Urb.) R.M. King &
Eupatorium carsticola Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Grisebachianthus H. Rob.
carsticola (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) R.M. King & H. Rob. Eupatorium geraniifolium Urb. = Chromolaena geraniifolia (Urb.) R.M.
Eupatorium celtidifolium Lam. = Koanophyllon celtidifolium (Lam.) King & H. Rob.
R.M. King & H. Rob. Eupatorium gibbosum Urb. = Koanophyllon gibbosum (Urb.) R.M.
Eupatorium chabrense Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon chabrense (Urb. King & H. Rob.
& Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob. Eupatorium glumaceum DC. = Condylidium iresinoides (Kunth) R.M.
Eupatorium chalceorithales B.L. Rob. = Koanophyllon chalceorithales King & H. Rob.
(B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Eupatorium grandiceps C. Wright = Koanophyllon grandiceps
Eupatorium clementis Alain = Koanophyllon clementis (Alain) R.M. (C. Wright) R.M. King & H. Rob.
King & H. Rob. Eupatorium grisebachianum Alain = Koanophyllon grisebachianum
Eupatorium coelestinum L. = Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium contortum C.D. Adams = Ageratina contorta (C.D. Eupatorium guadalupense Spreng. = Fleischmannia microstemon
Adams) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Cass.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium conyzoides Vahl = Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King Eupatorium gundlachii Urb. = Koanophyllon gundlachii (Urb.) R.M.
& H. Rob. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium correlliorum Plettman = Koanophyllon correlliorum Eupatorium hardwarense Proctor ex C.D. Adams = Koanophyllon
(Plettman) R.M. King & H. Rob. hardwarense (Proctor ex C.D. Adams) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium corylifolium Griseb. = Ageratina corylifolia (Griseb.) R.M. Eupatorium harrisii Urb. = Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M. King &
King & H. Rob. H. Rob.
Eupatorium corymbosum Aubl. = Chromolaena corymbosa (Aubl.) Eupatorium hartii Urb. = Ageratina hartii (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
R.M. King & H. Rob. Eupatorium hastatum L. = Mikania hastata (L.) Willd.
Eupatorium cotinifolium Willd. = Baccharis pedunculata (Mill.) Eupatorium havanense Kunth = Ageratina havanensis (Kunth) R.M.
Cabrera King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium cristalense Urb. = Koanophyllon rhexioides (B.L. Rob.) Eupatorium helianthemoides B.L. Rob. = Koanophyllon
R.M. King & H. Rob. helianthemoides (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium critoniforme Urb. = Urbananthus critoniformis (Urb.) Eupatorium heptaneurum Urb. = Koanophyllon heptaneurum (Urb.)
R.M. King & H. Rob. R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium critoniforme Urb. var. pubescens C.D. Adams = Eupatorium heteroclinium Griseb. = Chromolaena heteroclina (Griseb.)
Urbananthus critoniformis (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob. R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium cubense DC. = Koanophyllon villosum (Sw.) R.M. King & Eupatorium heterophyllum A. Rich. = Grisebachianthus plucheoides
H. Rob. subsp. cubense (Pers.) Borhidi (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium cubense Pers. = Koanophyllon villosum (Sw.) R.M. King & Eupatorium hidrodes B.L. Rob. = Koanophyllon hidrodes (B.L. Rob.)
H. Rob. subsp. villosum R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium cynanchifolium DC. = Koanophyllon villosum (Sw.) R.M. Eupatorium heterosquameum Urb. & Ekman = Chromolaena
King & H. Rob. subsp. cynanchifolium (DC.) Borhidi heterosquamea (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium dalea L. = Critonia dalea (L.) DC. Eupatorium holguinense B.L. Rob. = Grisebachianthus hypoleucus
Eupatorium delpechianum Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
delpechianum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob. Eupatorium hotteanum Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon hotteanum
Eupatorium dictyoneurum Urb. = Ageratina dictyoneura (Urb.) R.M. (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.
King & H. Rob. Eupatorium hygrophilum Alain = Spaniopappus hygrophilus (Alain)
Eupatorium diffusum Vahl = Brickellia diffusa (Vahl) A. Gray R.M. King & H. Rob.
number 9 8 • 109
Eupatorium hypoleucum Griseb. = Grisebachianthus hypoleucus Eupatorium microstemon Cass. var. albiflorum Kuntze = Fleischmannia
(Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob. microstemon (Cass.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium illitum Urb. = Ageratina illita (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Eupatorium minutifolium Alain = Koanophyllon minutifolium (Alain)
R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium imbricatum (Griseb.) Urb. = Critonia imbricata Griseb.
Eupatorium miragoanae Urb. = Koanophyllon miragoanae (Urb.) R.M.
Eupatorium impetiolare Griseb. = Chromolaena impetiolaris (Griseb.)
King & H. Rob.
Nicolson
Eupatorium mohrii Greene, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 6: 672. 1901.
Eupatorium inaequidens Urb. = Critonia inaequidens (Urb.) R.M. King
Eupatorium quinqueflorum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 57. 1931.
& H. Rob.
Distribution: Exotic to Hispaniola; native to North America.
Eupatorium incisum Griseb. = Koanophyllon grisebachianum (Alain) Reference: 7.
R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium montanum Sw. = Koanophyllon montanum (Sw.) R.M.
Eupatorium integrifolium Bertero ex Spreng. = Chromolaena King & H. Rob.
integrifolia (Bertero ex Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium mononeurum Urb. = Chromolaena trigonocarpa (Griseb.)
Eupatorium inulifolium Kunth = Austroeupatorium inulifolium (Kunth) R.M. King & H. Rob.
R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium mornicola Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon mornicola
Eupatorium iodostylum B.L. Rob. = Spaniopappus iodostylus (B.L. (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium x mortonianum Alain = Ageratina mortoniana (Alain)
Eupatorium iresinoides Kunth = Condylidium iresinoides (Kunth) R.M. R.M. King & H. Rob.
King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium muricatum Alain = Koanophyllon muricatum (Alain) R.M.
Eupatorium iteophyllum Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon iteophyllum King & H. Rob.
(Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium nervosum Sw. = Koanophyllon nervosum (Sw.) R.M. King
Eupatorium ivifolium L. = Chromolaena ivifolia (L.) R.M. King & & H. Rob.
H. Rob.
Eupatorium nipense B.L. Rob. = Grisebachianthus nipensis (B.L. Rob.)
Eupatorium jaegerianum Urb. = Koanophyllon jaegerianum (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium nudiflorum A. Rich. = Koanophyllon nudiflorum (A.
Eupatorium jenssenii Urb. = Koanophyllon jenssenii (Urb.) R.M. King Rich.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
& H. Rob.
Eupatorium obtusissimum DC. = Koanophyllon obtusissimum (DC.)
Eupatorium lantanifolium Griseb. = Grisebachianthus lantanifolius R.M. King & H. Rob.
(Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium odoratum L. = Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King &
Eupatorium leptophyllum DC., Prodr. 5: 176. 1836. H. Rob.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and North America.
Eupatorium oligadenium Alain = Koanophyllon oligadenium (Alain)
Common Name: Smooth dog fennel (Bahamas).
R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium ossaeanum DC. = Chromolaena ossaeana (DC.) R.M. King
Eupatorium libanoticum Sch. Bip. = Grisebachianthus libanotica (Sch.
& H. Rob.
Bip.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium oteroi Monach = Chromolaena oteroi (Monach.) R.M.
Eupatorium lindenianum A. Rich. = Koanophyllon villosum (Sw.) R.M.
King & H. Rob.
King & H. Rob. subsp. lindenianum (A. Rich.) Borhidi
Eupatorium pachyneurum Urb. = Koanophyllon pachyneurum (Urb.)
Eupatorium littorale Alain = Koanophyllon littorale (Alain) R.M. King
R.M. King & H. Rob.
& H. Rob.
Eupatorium parviflorum Sw. = Critonia parviflora DC.
Eupatorium lucayanum Britton = Chromolaena lucayana (Britton)
R.M. King & H. Rob. Eupatorium paucibracteatum Alain = Ageratina paucibracteata (Alain)
R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium macranthum Sw. = Chromolaena macrantha (Sw.) R.M.
King & H. Rob. Eupatorium paucicrenatum Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon
paucicrenatum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium macrodon DC. = Chromolaena macrodon (DC.) Nicolson
Eupatorium phanioides Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon phanioides
Eupatorium macrophyllum L. = Hebeclinium macrophyllum (L.) DC.
(Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium macropus Urb. = Critonia macropoda DC.
Eupatorium picardae Urb. = Koanophyllon picardae (Urb.) R.M. King
Eupatorium maestrense Urb. = Koanophyllon maestrense (Urb.) R.M. & H. Rob.
King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium pitonianum Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon pitonianum
Eupatorium magdalenae Stehlé = Critonia macropoda DC. (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium mayarense Alain = Grisebachianthus mayarensis (Alain) Eupatorium platychaetum Urb. = Critonia platychaeta (Urb.) R.M.
R.M. King & H. Rob. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium microchaeteum Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon Eupatorium plucheoides Griseb. = Grisebachianthus plucheoides
microchaeteum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium microstemon Cass. = Fleischmannia microstemon (Cass.) Eupatorium plumieri Urb. & Ekman = Osmiopsis plumieri (Urb. &
R.M. King & H. Rob. Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium pluriseriatum B.L. Rob. = Urbananthus pluriseriatus (B.L. Eupatorium sinuatum Lam. var. viscigerum Urb. & Ekman =
Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Chromolaena sinuata (Lam.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium poeppigii Spreng. = Koanophyllon villosum (Sw.) R.M. Eupatorium sophiifolium L. = Eupatorina sophiifolium (L.) R.M. King
King & H. Rob. subsp. villosum & H. Rob.
Eupatorium polyodon Urb. = Koanophyllon polyodon (Urb.) R.M. Eupatorium stigmaticum Urb. & Ekman = Critonia stigmatica (Urb. &
King & H. Rob. Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium polystictum Urb. = Koanophyllon polystictum (Urb.) R.M. Eupatorium subpurpureum Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon
King & H. Rob. subpurpureum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium porphyrocladum Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon Eupatorium tapeinanthum Urb. = Koanophyllon tapeinanthum (Urb.)
porphyrocladum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob. R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium portoricense Urb. = Critonia portoricensis (Urb.) Britton & Eupatorium tetranthum Griseb. = Koanophyllon tetranthum (Griseb.)
P. Wilson R.M. King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium prinodes B.L. Rob. = Koanophyllon prinodes (B.L. Rob.) Eupatorium trichosanthum A. Rich. = Brickellia diffusa (Vahl) A. Gray
R.M. King & H. Rob. Eupatorium trichospiroides Alain = Eupatorina sophiifolia (L.) R.M.
Eupatorium pseudodalea (DC.) M. Gómez & Molinet = Critonia King & H. Rob.
pseudodalea DC. Eupatorium trigonocarpum Griseb. = Chromolaena trigonocarpa
Eupatorium pseudodalea (DC.) M. Gómez & Molinet var. (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
macrodontum B.L. Rob. = Critonia dalea (L.) DC. Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl = Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) R.M. King
Eupatorium puberulum DC. = Koanophyllon puberulum (DC.) R.M. & H. Rob.
King & H. Rob. Eupatorium triradiatum Urb. = Koanophyllon triradiatum (Urb.) R.M.
Eupatorium quinqueflorum Urb. & Ekman = Eupatorium mohrii Greene King & H. Rob.
Eupatorium quisqueyanum Alain = Koanophyllon quisqueyanum Eupatorium triste DC. = Ageratina tristis (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
(Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob. Eupatorium turquinense Alain = Koanophyllon turquinense (Alain)
Eupatorium repandum Willd. = Chromolaena corymbosa (Aubl.) R.M. Borhidi
King & H. Rob. Eupatorium urbanii Ekman ex Urb. = Ageratina urbanii (Ekman ex
Eupatorium resinifluum Urb. = Ageratina resiniflua (Urb.) R.M. King Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
& H. Rob. Eupatorium villosum Sw. = Koanophyllon villosum (Sw.) R.M. King &
Eupatorium reversum Urb. = Koanophyllon reversum (Urb.) R.M. King H. Rob. subsp. villosum
& H. Rob. Eupatorium villosum Sw. var. dolicholepis Urb. = Koanophyllon
Eupatorium rigidum Sw. = Chromolaena rigida (Sw.) R.M. King & dolicholepis (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
H. Rob. *Feddea cubensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 74. 1925.
Eupatorium riparium Regel = Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M. King & Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
H. Rob. Reference: 136.
Eupatorium rubroviolaceum Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 148. 1898; Ethulia
rubroviolaceum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob. bidentis L., Mant. Pl. 1: 110. 1767.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Eupatorium scabriusculum Urb. & Ekman = Koanophyllon
Antilles (Antigua), and Old World.
scabriusculum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.
References: 1, 7, 45, 58, 150.
Eupatorium scandens L. = Mikania scandens (L.) Willd.
Flaveria linearis Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl. 33. 1816.
Eupatorium sciatraphes B.L. Rob. = Koanophyllon sciatraphes (B.L. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and United States (FL).
Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob. References: 45, 136, 150.
Eupatorium selleanum Urb. = Koanophyllon selleanum (Urb.) R.M. Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) C. Mohr, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 6: 810.
King & H. Rob. 1901; Oedera trinervia Spreng., Bot. Gart. Halle 63. 1800.
Eupatorium semicrenatum Urb. = Koanophyllon semicrenatum (Urb.) Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
R.M. King & H. Rob. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Barbados), North America,
Eupatorium shaferi B.L. Rob. = Spaniopappus shaferi (B.L. Rob.) R.M. Common Names: Contrayerba, Yerba de la vieja (Cuba).
King & H. Rob. References: 1, 2, 40, 45, 58, 132, 136, 151, 224.
Eupatorium silvaticum B.L. Rob. = Koanophyllon silvaticum (B.L. Note: The Hispaniola (Haiti) record comes from MBG Tropicos website
Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (151); considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Eupatorium simile Proctor = Koanophyllon simile (Proctor) R.M. King Fleischmannia microstemon (Cass.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
& H. Rob. 19: 204. 1970; Eupatorium microstemon Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed.
2, 25: 432. 1822.
Eupatorium sinuatum Lam. = Chromolaena sinuata (Lam.) R.M. King
Eupatorium guadalupense Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 414. 1826.
& H. Rob.
Eupatorium microstemon Cass. var. albiflorum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.
Eupatorium sinuatum Lam. var. desportesii Urb. = Chromolaena 1: 338. 1891.
sinuata (Lam.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
number 9 8 • 111
Eupatorium paniculatum Schrad., Com. Soc. Sci. Gotting. 6: 130. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and
1827. South America.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser References: 45, 136, 151, 224.
Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 9: 377.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), 1961; Gnaphalium purpureum L., Sp. Pl. 854. 1753.
Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Gnaphalium spathulatum Lam., Encycl. 2: 759. 1788.
Common Names: Tabac à diable bâtard, Tabac à jacot petit (Lesser Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, North America,
Antilles). Central America, and South America.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 31, 58, 61, 136, 151, 224, 301, 340. References: 2, 5, 7, 136, 150, 151.
Gaillardia amara Raf. = Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock Gamochaeta spicata Cabrera = Gamochaeta coarctata (Willd.)
Gaillardia pulchella Foug., Mém. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 1786: 5. 1788. Kerguélen
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola; native to Gerbera jamesonii Adlam, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 3: 775. 1888 [23 Jun].
North America and Mexico. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto
Common Names: Firewheel, Indian blanket (Bahamas), Gallardia Rico; native to South Africa.
(Dominican Republic). Common Names: Margarita del Transvaal (Cuba), Caléndula, Gerbera,
References: 7, 45, 159, 224, 383. Margarita del Transvaal (Dominican Republic), Barberton daisy,
Galinsoga caracasana (DC.) Sch. Bip. = Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz Gerbera (Jamaica), Margarita africana, Margarita del Transvaal
& Pav. (Puerto Rico).
References: 2, 7, 123, 131, 132, 150, 159, 224.
Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S.F. Blake = Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz &
Pav. Gerbera leiocarpa (DC.) Schultz Bip. = Chaptalia albicans (Sw.) Vent.
ex Steud.
Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Icon. 3: 41. 1794 [“1795”].
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Gnaphalium acutiusculum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 78. 1931.
Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Mexico, Central America, and Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
South America. Reference: 7.
Common Names: Botón de oro, Yerba boba (Dominican Republic), Gnaphalium albescens Sw., Prodr. 122. 1788.
Herbe aiguiles (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 58, 151, 252. Reference: 2.
Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1: Gnaphalium albescens Sw. var. cubense Griseb. = Gnaphalium
198. 1798. attenuatum DC.
Galinsoga caracasana (DC.) Sch. Bip., Linnaea 34: 529. 1865.
Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S.F. Blake, Rhodora 24: 35. 1922. Gnaphalium americanum Mill. = Gamochaeta americana (Mill.) Wedd.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Gnaphalium americanum sensu DC. = Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers.
Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique); native to Mexico.
Gnaphalium antillanum Urb. = Gamochaeta antillana (Urb.) Anderb.
References: 1, 45, 58, 159, 254.
Gnaphalium attenuatum DC., Prodr. 6: 228. 1838.
Gamochaeta americana (Mill.) Wedd., Chlor. And. 1(4–6): 151. 1856;
Gnaphalium albescens Sw. var. cubense Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 157. 1866.
Gnaphalium americanum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Mexico and Central America.
Gnaphalium spicatum Lam., Encycl. 2: 757. 1788.
References: 136, 151, 152, 224.
Rico, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 2, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 136, 151. Gnaphalium coarctatum Willd. = Gamochaeta coarctata (Willd.)
Kerguélen
Gamochaeta antillana (Urb.) Anderb., Opera Bot. 104: 157. 1991;
Gnaphalium antillanum Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: Gnaphalium domingense Lam., Encycl. 2: 743. 1788;
482. 1915. Pseudognaphalium domingense (Lam.) Anderb., Opera Bot. 104:
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, 147. 1991.
Guadeloupe, Saba, St. Martin), and United States (FL). Gnaphalium portoricense Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 409. 1903.
References: 1, 136, 150, 151. Gnaphalium jamaicense Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 481.
1915.
Gamochaeta argyrinea Neson, Sida 21(2): 718. 204.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Distribution: Apparently exotic in Puerto Rico; native to the United
(St. John), Central America, and South America.
States.
Common Names: Altamisa blanca, Artemisa blanca (Dominican
Reference: 149.
Republic), La janiver (Haiti), Botoncillo (Puerto Rico).
Gamochaeta coarctata (Willd.) Kerguélen, Lejeunia 120: 104. 1987; References: 2, 5, 7, 19, 58, 123, 131, 150, 151, 340.
Gnaphalium coarctatum Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1886. 1803.
Gnaphalium eggersii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 410. 1903.
Gamochaeta spicata Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 9: 380. 1961.
Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, North America, and South
America.
References: 58, 151. Gnaphalium elegans Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Central America, and
9: 375. 1961; Gnaphalium pensylvanicum Willd., Enum. Hort.
South America.
Berol. 867. 1809.
Reference: 254. (Sintenis 4590, Clute 203).
Gnaphalium peregrinum Fernald, Rhodora 45: 479. 1943.
Gnaphalium indicum L. = Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers. Gochnatia crassifolia (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia
crassifolia Britton
Gnaphalium jamaicense Urb. = Gnaphalium domingense Lam.
Gochnatia cubensis (Carabia) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia
Gnaphalium luteoalbum L., Sp. Pl. 851. 1753.
cubensis Carabia
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Europe, Africa, Asia, and
Malesia. Gochnatia ekmanii (Urb.) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia ekmanii
Common Name: Cudweed (Jamaica). Urb.
References: 2, 159. Gochnatia elliptica (León) Alain = Anastraphia elliptica León
Gnaphalium pensylvanicum Willd. = Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Gochnatia elliptica (León) Alain var. inermis (León) Alain =
Cabrera Anastraphia elliptica León
Gnaphalium peregrinum Fernald = Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Gochnatia elliptica (León) Alain subsp. inermis (León) A. Borhidi &
Cabrera O. Muñiz = Anastraphia elliptica León
Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 421. 1807. Gochnatia enneantha (S.F. Blake) Alain = Anastraphia enneantha S.F.
Gnaphalium americanum sensu DC., Prodr. 6: 234. 1838, non Mill. Blake
Gnaphalium indicum L., Sp. Pl. 852. 1753.
Gnaphalium purpureum sensu O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins, Econ. Pl. Gochnatia gomezii (León) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia gomezii
Porto Rico 149. 1903, non L. León
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; Gochnatia ilicifolia Less. = Anastraphia northropiana Greenm.
pantropical weed, described from India, probably native to Old
Gochnatia intertexta (C. Wright ex Griseb.) R.N. Jervis & Alain =
World.
Anastraphia intertexta C. Wright ex Griseb
Gochnatia maisiana (León) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia
Gnaphalium portoricense Urb. = Gnaphalium domingense Lam.
maisiana León
Gnaphalium purpureum L. = Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera
Gochnatia maisiana (León) R.N. Jervis & Alain var. parviflora (León)
Gnaphalium purpureum sensu O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins = Alain = Anastraphia maisiana León
Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers.
Gochnatia mantuensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) R.N. Jervis & Alain =
Gnaphalium rosillense Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 481. Anastraphia mantuensis C. Wright ex Griseb.
1915.
Gochnatia microcephala (Griseb.) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia
microcephala Griseb.
Common Name: Yerba blanca (Dominican Republic).
References: 5, 7. Gochnatia microcephala (Griseb.) R.N. Jervis & Alain var. buchii
(Urb.) Alain = Anastraphia buchii Urb.
Gnaphalium selleanum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 78. 1931.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Gochnatia microcephala (Griseb.) R.N. Jervis & Alain var. rosei
Reference: 7. (Britton) Alain = Anastraphia buchii Urb.
Gnaphalium spathulatum Lam. = Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera Gochnatia montana (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia
montana Britton
Gnaphalium spicatum Lam. = Gamochaeta americana (Mill.) Wedd.
Gochnatia obovata (Urb. & Ekman) J. Jiménez Alm. = Anastraphia
Gnaphalium tortuanum Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 77. 1931.
obovata Urb. & Ekman
Reference: 7. Gochnatia obtusifolia (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia
obtusifolia Britton
Gnaphalium virgatum L. = Pterocaulon virgatum (L.) DC.
Gochnatia oligantha (Urb.) R.A. Howard = Anastraphia oligantha Urb.
Gnaphalium viscosum Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 64. 1818. Gochnatia parvifolia (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, Mexico, and South parvifolia Britton
America. Gochnatia paucifloscula (C. Wright ex Hitchc.) Jervis ex Cabrera =
Common Names: Artemisa verde, Cautromille (Dominican Republic), Anastraphia paucifloscula C. Wright ex Hitchc
Camomille, Camomille du pays, Gautromile (Haiti).
References: 5, 7. Gochnatia picardae (Urb.) J. Jiménez Alm. = Anastraphia picardae
Urb.
Gochnatia attenuata (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia
attenuata Britton Gochnatia recurva (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia recurva
Britton
Gochnatia bahamensis (Urb.) R.A. Howard & Dunbar = Anastraphia
paucifloscula C. Wright ex Hitchc. Gochnatia rosei (Britton) J. Jiménez Alm. = Anastraphia buchii Urb.
Gochnatia buchii (Urb.) J. Jiménez Alm. = Anastraphia buchii Urb. Gochnatia sagrana R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia ilicifolia D. Don
Gochnatia buchii (Urb.) J. Jiménez Alm. var. obovata (Urb. & Ekman) Gochnatia sessilis Alain = Anastraphia sessilis (Alain) Ventosa, V.A.
Cabrera = Anastraphia obovata Urb. & Ekman Funk, & Roque
Gochnatia calcicola (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia Gochnatia shaferi (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia shaferi
calcicola Britton Britton
Gochnatia cowellii (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia cowellii Gochnatia tortuensis (Urb.) J. Jiménez Alm = Anastraphia tortuensis
Britton Urb.
number 9 8 • 113
Gochnatia wilsonii (Britton) R.N. Jervis & Alain = Anastraphia Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba,
wilsonii Britton Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada), Lesser Antilles
(Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Saba), Aruba, and Curaçao.
Grangea domingensis (Cass.) M. Gómez = Egletes domingensis Cass.
Common Names: Horse bush (Bahamas), Bois-guillaume, Yam bush
var. domingensis
(Lesser Antilles), Sereno, Tea (Puerto Rico).
*Grisebachianthus carsticola (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) R.M. King & References: 1, 7, 45, 58, 61, 136.
H. Rob., Phytologia 32: 270. 1975; Eupatorium carsticola Borhidi
Gundlachia cubana Britton & S.F. Blake, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16:
& O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18: 45. 1973.
115. 1920.
Grisebachianthus holguinensis (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob. =
Gundlachia domingensis (Spreng.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 16:
Grisebachianthus hypoleucus (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
100. 1880; Solidago domingensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3:
*Grisebachianthus hypoleucus (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., 539. 1826; Chrysoma domingensis (Spreng.) Greene, Erythea 3:
Phytologia 32: 270. 1975; Eupatorium hypoleucum Griseb., Pl. 8. 1895; Gundlachia domingensis (Spreng.) A. Gray var. genuina
Wright. 2: 512. 1862. Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 405. 1903.
Grisebachianthus holguinensis (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Baccharis ptarmicifolia sensu Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 513. 1862, non
Phytologia 32: 270. 1975; Eupatorium holguinense B.L. Rob., DC.
Contr. Gray Herb. 77: 18. 1926. Gundlachia floribunda Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 103.
References: 136, 224. Gundlachia lindeniana (A. Rich.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
*Grisebachianthus lantanifolius (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., 26: 104. 1929; Solidago lindeniana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra,
Phytologia 32: 270. 1975; Eupatorium lantanifolium Griseb., Pl. Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 46. 1850; Gundlachia domingensis
Wright. 2: 511. 1862. (Spreng.) A. Gray var. lindeniana (A. Rich.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3:
References: 136, 224. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Hispaniola.
*Grisebachianthus libanotica (Sch. Bip.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Common Name: Cucaracha (Dominican Republic).
Phytologia 32: 270. 1975; Eupatorium libanoticum Sch. Bip., References: 5, 7, 30, 136, 152.
J. Bot. 1: 234. 1863.
Eupatorium reticulatum A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. Gundlachia domingensis (Spreng.) A. Gray var. corymbosa Urb. =
11: 39. 1850. Gundlachia corymbosa (Urb.) Britton ex Bold.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Gundlachia domingensis (Spreng.) A. Gray var. genuina Urb. =
References: 136, 224. Gundlachia domingensis (Spreng.) A. Gray
*Grisebachianthus mayarensis (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob., Gundlachia domingensis (Spreng.) A. Gray var. lindeniana (A. Rich.)
Phytologia 32: 270. 1975; Eupatorium mayarense Alain, Contr. Urb. = Gundlachia domingensis (Spreng.) A. Gray
Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 5. 1960.
Gundlachia floribunda Urb. = Gundlachia domingensis (Spreng.) A.
Gray
Gundlachia foliosa Britton & S.F. Blake, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16:
*Grisebachianthus nipensis (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
114. 1920.
Phytologia 32: 270. 1975; Eupatorium nipense B.L. Rob., Contr.
Gray Herb. 77: 25. 1926.
References: 136, 224. Gundlachia lindeniana (A. Rich.) Urb. var. corymbosa (Urb.) Urb. =
Gundlachia corymbosa (Urb.) Britton ex Bold.
*Grisebachianthus plucheoides (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Phytologia 32: 270. 1975; Eupatorium plucheoides Griseb., Pl. Gundlachia lindeniana (A. Rich.) Urb. var. lindeniana = Gundlachia
Wright. 2: 511. 1862. corymbosa (Urb.) Britton ex Bold.
Eupatorium heterophyllum A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Gundlachia ocoana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 76. 1931.
Bot. 11: 39. 1850. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Gynura aurantiaca (Blume) DC., Prodr. 6: 300. 1838; Cacalia
Gundlachia apiculata Britton & S.F. Blake, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: aurantiaca Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 15: 908. 1826.
114. 1920. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), and
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Margarita; native to Malesia.
References: 136, 156. Common Name: Pana (Dominican Republic).
Gundlachia compacta Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 75. 1931. References: 7, 150, 159, 230, 323.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Haplopappus marginatus Griseb. = Neja marginata (Griseb.) G.L.
Reference: 7. Nesom
Gundlachia corymbosa (Urb.) Britton ex Bold., Fl. Ned. W. Ind. Haplopappus scopulorum (M.E. Jones) S.F. Blake var. canonis S.L.
Eil. 391. 1913; Gundlachia domingensis (Spreng.) A. Gray var. Welsh = Chrysothamnus scopulorum (M.E. Jones) Urbatsch, R.P.
corymbosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 406. 1903. Roberts & Neubig
Chrysoma domingensis (Spreng.) Greene var. obtusifolia Greene,
Erythea 3: 8. 1895. *Harnackia bisecta Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 73. 1925.
Lescaillea nipensis Carabia, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” Common Names: Pataca, Topinambour (Cuba), Flor del sol, Topi
17: 16. 1943. (Dominican Republic), Alcachofa, Girasole (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 5, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 224.
References: 39, 136, 152. Helichrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Andr., Bot. Repos. 6, t. 428. 1805;
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Xeranthemum bracteatum Vent., Jard. Malmaison t. 2. 1803.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin
Hebeclinium macrophyllum (L.) DC., Prodr. 5: 136. 1836; Eupatorium Islands; native to Australia.
macrophyllum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1175. 1763. Common Names: Eterna de Australia, Siempreviva, Siempreviva
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, de Australia (Cuba), Botón de oro, Immortales (Dominican
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Republic), Inmortal (Puerto Rico).
Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, References: 7, 58, 61, 132, 224, 252.
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, *Heptanthus brevipes C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 148. 1866.
Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Herbe à chat, Zeb à chjat (Lesser Antilles). References: 39, 136.
References: 1, 2, 7, 58, 61, 75, 136, 151, 224, 230, 301, 323, 340. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock, Rhodora 59: 131. 1957; Gaillardia Cuba (39).
amara Raf., Fl. Ludov. 69. 1817. *Heptanthus cochlearifolius Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 148. 1866.
Helenium tenuifolium Nutt., J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 66. 1834. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, and North References: 39, 136.
America. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Common Name: Manzanilla amarga (Dominican Republic). Cuba (39).
References: 4, 7, 40, 136, 224.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. *Heptanthus cordifolius Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 455. 1916.
Helenium quadridentatum Labil., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 22. Reference: 136.
1792.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, and Mexico. *Heptanthus lobatus Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 455. 1916.
Common Name: Manzanilla amarga (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 5, 7, 136, 224. Reference: 136.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. *Heptanthus ranunculoides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 148. 1866.
Helenium scaposum Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 469. 1916. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 39, 136. *Heptanthus shaferi Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 455. 1916.
Cuba (39). Reference: 136.
Helenium tenuifolium Nutt. = Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock *Heptanthus yumuriensis Borhidi, Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando
Helianthus annuus L., Sp. Pl. 904. 1753. Eotvos, Sect. Biol. 14: 87. 1972.
Distribution: Cultivated throughout the West Indies; native to North Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
America. References: 39, 149.
Common Names: Copa de júpiter, Flor del sol, Girasol, Jirasol, Mirasol Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
(Cuba), Flor de sol, Girasol, Hélianthe (s) (Dominican Republic), Cuba (39).
Fleur se soleil, Fleurs soleil, Tournesol (Haiti), Sunflower Herodotia alainii J. Jiménez Alm. = Nesampelos alainii (J. Jiménez
( Jamaica), Girasol, Mirasol (Puerto Rico), Sunflower (Virgin Alm.) B. Nord.
Islands).
*Herodotia haitiensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 64. 1926.
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 224.
Helianthus argophyllus Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 318. 1842. References: 5, 7.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas; native to North America.
Herodotia mikanioides Urb. & Ekman = Ekmaniopappus mikanioides
Common Name: Sunflower (Bahamas).
(Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi
*Herreranthus rivalis (Greenm.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 62. 2006;
Helianthus debilis Nutt. subsp. cucumerifolius (Torrey & A. Gray)
Senecio rivalis Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
Heiser, Madroño. 13: 160. 1956.
2(8): 326. 1912.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to North America.
Helianthus debilis Nutt. subsp. tardiflorus Heiser, Madroño. 13: 154,
Hesperodoria scopulorum (M.E. Jones) Green = Chrysothamnus
figs. 5, 6. 1956.
scopulorum (M.E. Jones) Urbatsch, R.P. Roberts & Neubig
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to North America.
References: 159, 254. Heterosperma diversifolium Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Helianthus tubiformis Jacq. = Tithonia tubiformis (Jacq.) Cass.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and South America.
Helianthus tuberosus L., Sp. Pl. 905. 1753. References: 5, 7.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin
Heterotheca graminifolia (Michx.) Shinners, Field & Lab. 19: 71.
Islands; native to North America.
1951; Inula graminifolia Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 122. 1803.
number 9 8 • 115
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America. Hysterionica marginata (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Neja marginata (Griseb.)
Common Name: Grass-leaved golden aster (Bahamas). G.L. Nesom
Reference: 45. *Ignurbia constanzae (Urb.) B. Nord., Willdenowia 36: 464. 2006;
Hieracium ekmanii Zahn = Hieracium gronovii L. Senecio constanzae Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 430. 1912.
Hieracium gronovii L., Sp. Pl. 802. 1753.
References: 7, 43.
Hieracium ekmanii Zahn, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 102. 1931.
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. domingense Zahn var. alpestre Zahn, Bot. Inula graminifolia Michx. = Heterotheca graminifolia (Michx.) Shinners
Jahrb. Syst. 52: 274. 1915. Inula primulifolia Lam. = Conyza primulifolia (Lam.) Cuatrec. &
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. domingense Zahn var. domingense, Bot. Lourteig
Jahrb. Syst. 52: 272. 1915.
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. domingense Zahn var. glabrescens Zahn, Isocarpha angustata Griseb. = Isocarpha oppositifolia (L.) Cass. subsp.
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52: 273. 1915. oppositifolia
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. domingense Zahn var. normale Zahn, Isocarpha atriplicifolia (L.) R. Br. ex DC., Prodr. 5: 106. 1836, subsp.
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52: 273. 1915. atriplicifolia; Bidens atriplicifolia L., Cent. Pl. 2, 30. 1756.
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. domingense Zahn var. pinetorum Zahn, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Central America, and South America.
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52: 273. 1915. Common Names: Manzanilla, Manzanilla de la tierra (Cuba),
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. domingense Zahn var. subvenosum Zahn, Manzanilla (Dominican Republic).
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52: 274. 1915. References: 123, 132, 136, 151.
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. domingense Zahn var. virescens Zahn,
Isocarpha atriplicifolia (L.) R. Br. ex DC. var. wrightii Griseb. = Isocarpha
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52: 273. 1915.
atriplicifolia (L.) R. Br. ex DC. subsp. wrightii (Griseb.) Borhidi
Hieracium marylandicum Zahn var. pseudopaniculatum Zahn, Ark.
Bot. 23A(11): 103. 1931. Isocarpha atriplicifolia (L.) R. Br. ex DC. subsp. wrightii (Griseb.)
Hieracium pennsilvanicum Fr., Symb. Hist. Hierac. 150. 1848. Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 212. 1983; Isocarpha atriplicifolia
Hieracium rugelii Arv.-Touv., Spicil. Rar. Nov. Hierac. 11. 1881. (L.) R. Br. ex DC. var. wrightii Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 156. 1866.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, and Central America. Isocarpha cubana S.F. Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 613. 1924.
Common Names: Clavellina, Hoja culebra, Hoja de culebra, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Central America, and South
Manzanilla (Dominican Republic). America.
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. domingense Zahn var. alpestre Zahn = Isocarpha cubana S.F. Blake = Isocarpha atriplicifolia (L.) R. Br. ex DC.
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. wrightii (Griseb.) Borhidi
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. domingense Zahn, var. domingense = Isocarpha glabrata S.F. Blake = Isocarpha oppositifolia (L.) Cass. var.
Hieracium gronovii L. glabrata (S.F. Blake) Borhidi
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. domingense Zahn var. glabrescens Zahn = Isocarpha oppositifolia (L.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 24: 1. 1822,
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. oppositifolia; Santolina oppositifolia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10,
1207. 1759.
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. domingense Zahn var. normale Zahn =
Isocarpha angustata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 376. 1861.
Hieracium gronovii L.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica,
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. domingense Zahn var. pinetorum Zahn = Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, North
Hieracium gronovii L. America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. domingense Zahn var. subvenosum Zahn Common Name: Boston catnep (Bahamas).
= Hieracium gronovii L. References: 2, 4, 45, 136, 301, 323.
Hieracium gronovii L. subsp. domingense Zahn var. virescens Zahn = Isocarpha oppositifolia (L.) Cass. var. glabrata (S.F. Blake) Borhidi,
Hieracium gronovii L. Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 212. 1983; Isocarpha glabrata S.F. Blake,
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 614. 1924.
Hieracium marylandicum Zahn var. pseudopaniculatum Zahn = Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Hieracium gronovii L. References: 39, 136, 152.
Hieracium pennsilvanicum Fr. = Hieracium gronovii L. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Hieracium rugelii Arv.-Touv. = Hieracium gronovii L.
Iva cheiranthifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
Hopkirkia hirsuta (Sw.) Spreng. = Otopappus hirsutus (Sw.) R.L.
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 217. 1818.
Hartman & Stuessy
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cayman
Hymenopappus matricarioides Spreng. = Phania matricarioides Griseb. Islands, and Cuba.
Hyoseris taraxacoides Vill. = Leontodon saxatilis Lam. Common Names: Bush iva (Bahamas), Artemisa de playa, Artemisa
del río, Artemisilla, Artemisilla de playa, Escoba amarga, Rompe
Hypochaeris glabra L., Sp. Pl. 810. 1753. ropa, Yerba de cangrejo, Yerba de conejo (Cuba).
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia. References: 4, 45, 136.
Common Name: Smooth cat’s ear (Jamaica).
References: 2, 159. Iva imbricata Walter, Fl. Carol. 232. 1788.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and North
Hypochaeris radicata L., Sp. Pl. 810. 1753. America.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia. Common Name: Beach iva (Bahamas).
Common Name: Cat’s ear (Jamaica). References: 4, 40, 45, 136, 151.
References: 2, 159.
*Jacmaia incana (Sw.) B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 66. 1978; Cineraria Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
incana Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1356. 1806; Gynoxys incana (Sw.) References: 7, 142.
Less., Syn. Gen. Compos. 390. 1832. Koanophyllon chalceorithales (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Senecio jamaicensis DC., Prodr. 6: 412. 1838. Phytologia 32: 255. 1975; Eupatorium chalceorithales B.L. Rob.,
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Contr. Gray Herb. 77: 10. 1926.
Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden in R. van der Meijden, References: 39, 136, 142, 152.
Heukel’s Fl. Nederl., ed. 23, 677. 2005. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Senecio cineraria DC., Prodr. 6: 355. 1838. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to Europe, Africa, Koanophyllon clementis (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32:
and Asia. 255. 1975; Eupatorium clementis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist.
Common Names: Gamuza (Cuba), Árbol de plata (Dominican Republic). Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 4. 1960.
Kleinia ficoides (L.) Haw. = Senecio ficoides (L.) Sch. Bip. References: 136, 142, 152.
Kleinia ruderalis Jacq. = Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. Koanophyllon correlliorum (Plettman) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Phytologia 37: 458. 1977; Eupatorium correlliorum Plettman,
Koanophyllon atroglandulosum (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Brittonia 29: 85. 1977.
Phytologia 32: 254. 1975; Eupatorium atroglandulosum Alain,
Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 3. 1960.
References: 136, 142, 152. Koanophyllon cubense (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob. = Koanophyllon
villosum (Sw.) R.M. King & H. Rob. subsp. cubense (DC.)
Koanophyllon ayapanoides (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
Borhidi
32: 254. 1975; Eupatorium ayapanoides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.
146. 1866. Koanophyllon delpechianum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Phytologia 32: 256. 1975; Eupatorium delpechianum Urb. &
References: 136, 142, 152. Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 60. 1931.
Koanophyllon barahonense (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
References: 7, 142.
32: 255. 1975; Eupatorium barahonense Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Regni Veg. 17: 10. 1921. Koanophyllon dolicholepis (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. 32: 256. 1975; Eupatorium villosum Sw. var. dolicholepis Urb.,
References: 7, 142. Symb. Antill. 1: 462. 1899; Eupatorium dolicholepis (Urb.)
Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin
Koanophyllon breviflorum (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
Islands 6: 289. 1925.
32: 255. 1975; Eupatorium breviflorum Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus.
References: 39, 136, 142, 152. Koanophyllon dolphini (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32:
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of 256. 1975; Eupatorium dolphini Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 522. 1908.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 2, 142.
Koanophyllon bullescens (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
32: 255. 1975; Eupatorium bullescens B.L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Koanophyllon droserolepis (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Acad. Arts 51: 533. 1916. Phytologia 32: 256. 1975; Eupatorium droserolepis B.L. Rob.,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 54: 243. 1918.
References: 136, 142, 152. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Koanophyllon cabaionum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Phytologia 32: 255. 1975; Eupatorium cabaionum Urb. & Ekman, Koanophyllon ekmanii (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 65. 1931. 32: 257. 1975; Eupatorium ekmanii B.L. Rob., Contr. Gray Herb.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. 77: 15. 1926.
Koanophyllon calcicola (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32:
255. 1975; Eupatorium calcicola Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 524. 1908. Koanophyllon flavidulum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Phytologia 32: 257. 1975; Eupatorium flavidulum Urb. & Ekman,
References: 7, 142. Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 61. 1931.
Koanophyllon celtidifolium (Lam.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
References: 7, 142.
22: 149. 1971; Eupatorium celtidifolium Lam., Encycl. 2: 406.
1788. Koanophyllon gabbii (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32: 258.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, 1975; Eupatorium gabbii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17:
Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent) and South America. 50. 1921.
Common Names: Amourette blanc, Tabac à diable (Lesser Antilles). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Koanophyllon chabrense (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob., Koanophyllon gibbosum (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32:
Phytologia 32: 255. 1975; Eupatorium chabrense Urb. & Ekman, 258. 1975; Eupatorium gibbosum Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 58. 1931. Veg. 17: 49. 1921.
number 9 8 • 117
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Koanophyllon jaegerianum (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
References: 7, 142. 32: 259. 1975; Eupatorium jaegerianum Urb., Symb. Antill. 3:
394. 1903.
Koanophyllon gracilipes (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
32: 258. 1975; Eupatorium gracilipes Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 522.
References: 7, 142.
1908.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Koanophyllon jenssenii (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32:
References: 2, 142. 259. 1975; Eupatorium jenssenii Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 64. 1921.
Koanophyllon grandiceps (C. Wright) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
References: 7, 142.
Phytologia 49: 5. 1981; Eupatorium grandiceps C. Wright in F.A.
Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 6: 178. 1869. Koanophyllon littorale R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32: 260.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 1975; Eupatorium littorale Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
References: 136, 142, 152. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 4. 1960, nom. illeg.
Koanophyllon grisebachianum (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
References: 136, 142, 152.
Phytologia 49: 5. 1981; Eupatorium grisebachianum Alain,
Candollea 17: 121. 1960. Koanophyllon maestrense (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32:
Eupatorium incisum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 146. 1866; Koanophyllon 260. 1975; Eupatorium maestrense Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 397. 1903.
incisum (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32: 259. 1975. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 136, 142. Koanophyllon microchaeteum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Koanophyllon gundlachii (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Phytologia 32: 260. 1975; Eupatorium microchaeteum Urb. &
32: 258. 1975; Eupatorium gundlachii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 399. Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 62. 1931.
1903. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 136, 142, 152. Koanophyllon minutifolium (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
Koanophyllon hammatocladum (B.L. Rob. & Britton) R.M. King & 32: 260. 1975; Eupatorium minutifolium Alain, Contr. Ocas.
H. Rob., Phytologia 32: 258. 1975; Eupatorium hammatocladum Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 5. 1960.
B.L. Rob. & Britton, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 54: 246. 1918. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. References: 136, 142, 152.
References: 2, 142. Koanophyllon miragoanae (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
Koanophyllon hardwarense (Proctor ex C.D. Adams) R.M. King & 32: 260. 1975; Eupatorium miragoanae Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov.
H. Rob., Phytologia 32: 258. 1975; Eupatorium hardwarense Regni Veg. 17: 11. 1921.
Proctor ex C.D. Adams, Phytologia 21: 409. 1971. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. References: 7, 142.
References: 2, 142. Koanophyllon montanum (Sw.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32:
Koanophyllon helianthemoides (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob., 261. 1975; Eupatorium montanum Sw., Prodr. 111. 1788.
Phytologia 32: 258. 1975; Eupatorium helianthemoides B.L. Rob., Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Contr. Gray Herb. 77: 17. 1926. References: 2, 142.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Koanophyllon mornicola (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
References: 136, 142, 152. Phytologia 32: 261. 1975; Eupatorium mornicola Urb. & Ekman,
Koanophyllon heptaneurum (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 65. 1931.
32: 258. 1975; Eupatorium heptaneurum Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
554. 1913. References: 7, 142.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Koanophyllon muricatum (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
References: 7, 142. 32: 261. 1975; Eupatorium muricatum Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus.
Koanophyllon hidrodes (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 6. 1960.
32: 258. 1975; Eupatorium hidrodes B.L. Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
73: 12. 1924. References: 136, 142.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America. Koanophyllon nervosum (Sw.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32:
References: 136, 142, 151. 261. 1975; Eupatorium nervosum Sw., Prodr. 111. 1788.
Koanophyllon hotteanum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob., Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
Phytologia 32: 259. 1975; Eupatorium hotteanum Urb. & Ekman, Jamaica.
Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 63. 1931. References: 2, 7, 142.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Koanophyllon nudiflorum (A. Rich.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
References: 7, 142, 283. 32: 261. 1975; Eupatorium nudiflorum A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra,
Koanophyllon incisum (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob. = Koanophyllon Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 41. 1850.
grisebachianum (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 136, 142, 152.
Koanophyllon iteophyllum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Phytologia 32: 259. 1975; Eupatorium iteophyllum Urb. & Koanophyllon obtusissimum (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 57. 1931. 32: 261. 1975; Eupatorium obtusissimum DC., Prodr. 5: 173. 1836.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Koanophyllon oligadenium (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Koanophyllon quisqueyanum (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
32: 261. 1975; Eupatorium oligadenium Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Phytologia 49: 5. 1981; Eupatorium quisqueyanum Alain,
Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 7. 1960. Moscosoa 1(1): 48. 1976.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Koanophyllon reversum (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32:
Cuba (39). 263. 1975; Eupatorium reversum Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 64. 1921.
Koanophyllon pachyneurum (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
32: 261. 1975; Eupatorium pachyneurum Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. References: 7, 142.
Regni Veg. 17: 10. 1921. Koanophyllon rhexioides (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Phytologia 32: 263. 1975; Eupatorium rhexioides B.L. Rob., Proc.
References: 7, 142. Amer. Acad. Arts 51: 535. 1916.
Koanophyllon paucicrenatum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob., Eupatorium cristalense Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 102. 1929.
Phytologia 32: 261. 1975; Eupatorium paucicrenatum Urb. & Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 59. 1931. References: 136, 142, 152.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Koanophyllon rubroviolaceum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
References: 7, 142. Phytologia 32: 263. 1975; Eupatorium rubroviolaceum Urb. &
Koanophyllon phanioides (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob., Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 62. 1931.
Phytologia 32: 262. 1975; Eupatorium phanioides Urb. & Ekman, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 54. 1931. References: 7, 142.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Koanophyllon scabriusculum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
References: 7, 142. Phytologia 32: 263. 1975; Eupatorium scabriusculum Urb. &
Koanophyllon picardae (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32: Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 59. 1931.
262. 1975; Eupatorium picardae Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Veg. 17: 51. 1921. References: 7, 142.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Koanophyllon sciatraphes (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
References: 7, 142. Phytologia 32: 263. 1975; Eupatorium sciatraphes B.L. Rob.,
Koanophyllon pitonianum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 54: 257. 1918.
Phytologia 32: 262. 1975; Eupatorium pitonianum Urb. & Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 64. 1931. References: 7, 142.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Koanophyllon selleanum (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32:
References: 7, 142. 263. 1975; Eupatorium selleanum Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Koanophyllon polyodon (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32: Veg. 17: 9. 1921.
262. 1975; Eupatorium polyodon Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 462. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Eupatorium cordifolium sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: Koanophyllon semicrenatum (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
284. 1881, non Sw. 32: 263. 1975; Eupatorium semicrenatum Urb., Symb. Antill. 3:
Eupatorium triste sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 5: 113. 1887, 398. 1903.
non DC. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. References: 7, 142.
References: 32, 58, 61, 142.
Koanophyllon silvaticum (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Koanophyllon polystictum (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Phytologia 32: 263. 1975; Eupatorium silvaticum B.L. Rob.,
32: 262. 1975; Eupatorium polystictum Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: Contr. Gray Herb. 77: 37. 1926.
References: 136, 142, 152.
Koanophyllon simile (Proctor) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32:
Koanophyllon porphyrocladum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. 263. 1975; Eupatorium simile Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser.
Rob., Phytologia 32: 262. 1975; Eupatorium porphyrocladum 16: 71. 1967.
Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 56. 1931. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 7, 142.
Koanophyllon subpurpureum (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Koanophyllon prinodes (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Phytologia 32: 264. 1975; Eupatorium subpurpureum Urb. &
32: 262. 1975; Eupatorium prinodes B.L. Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 66. 1931.
77: 30. 1926. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
References: 136, 142, 152.
Koanophyllon tapeinanthum (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia
Koanophyllon puberulum (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32: 32: 264. 1975; Eupatorium tapeinanthum Urb., Repert. Spec.
262. 1975; Eupatorium puberulum DC., Prodr. 5: 172. 1836. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 51. 1921.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
number 9 8 • 119
Koanophyllon tetranthum (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia *Lachnorhiza piloselloides A. Rich. subsp. dubia Borhidi, Acta Bot.
32: 264. 1975; Eupatorium tetranthum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 360. Hung. 29: 213. 1983.
References: 2, 142. Lachnorhiza piloselloides A. Rich. subsp. micrantha Borhidi =
Koanophyllon triradiatum (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Lachnorhiza micrantha (Borhidi) Borhidi
32: 264. 1975; Eupatorium triradiatum Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: *Lachnorhiza piloselloides A. Rich. subsp. stenophylla Borhidi, Acta
396. 1903. Bot. Hung. 29: 213. 1983.
Koanophyllon turquinense (Alain) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 210. Lactuca canadensis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1193. 1759.
1983; Eupatorium turquinense Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, and Mexico.
Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 7. 1960. References: 5, 7, 151.
References: 136, 142. Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 362. 1791; Sonchus
floridanus L., Sp. Pl. 794. 1753; Mulgedium floridanum (L.) DC.,
Koanophyllon villosum (Sw.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32: Prodr. 7(1): 249. 1838.
265. 1975, subsp. villosum; Eupatorium villosum Sw., Prodr. 111. Brachyramphus caribaeus sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 5: 155.
1788. 1887, non DC.
Cacalia discolor Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 157. 1866. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to North America.
Eupatorium cubense Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 402. 1807. Common Name: Lechuga del monte (Puerto Rico).
Eupatorium poeppigii Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 415. 1826. References: 30, 58, 61, 151.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
(Barbados, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), and United Lactuca graminifolia Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 85. 1803.
States (FL). Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, North America, Mexico,
References: 1, 2, 45, 136, 142, 150, 151, 152, 294. and Central America.
References: 7, 45.
Koanophyllon villosum (Sw.) R.M. King & H. Rob. subsp. cubense
(DC.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 210. 1983; Eupatorium Lactuca intybacea Jacq. = Launaea intybacea (Jacq.) Beauverd.
cubense DC., Prodr. 5: 172. 1836, nom. illeg.; Koanophyllon Lactuca jamaicensis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 384. 1861.
cubense R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 32: 256. 1975. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 136, 142, 149, 151.
Lactuca sativa L., Sp. Pl. 795. 1753.
Koanophyllon villosum (Sw.) R.M. King & H. Rob. subsp. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin
cynanchifolium (DC.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 210. 1983; Islands (St. Croix, Tortola).
Eupatorium cynanchifolium DC., Prodr. 5: 172. 1836. Common Names: Lechuga, Lechuga arrepollada (Cuba), Lechuga
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (Dominican Republic), Chicorée des jardins, Laitue, Laitue
References: 136, 142, 149. alimentaire, Laitue pour tisane, Salade laite (Haiti), Lechuga
Koanophyllon villosum (Sw.) R.M. King & H. Rob. subsp. (Puerto Rico), Lettuce (Virgin Islands).
lindenianum (A. Rich.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 210. 1983; References: 5, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 136, 224, 230.
Eupatorium lindenianum A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Lactuca serriola L., Cent. Pl. 2, 29. 1756.
Cuba, Bot. 11: 42. 1850. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
References: 136, 142, 149, 151.
Laennecia araneosa (Urb.) G. Sancho & Pruski, Novon 14: 487.
*Koehneola repens (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 464. 1901; 2004; Erigeron araneosus Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 404. 1903;
Microcoecia repens Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 513. 1862. Conyza araneosa (Urb.) Cronquist, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70:
References: 30, 39, 136. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Cuba (39).
Laestadia domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 554. 1913.
Lachnorhiza asteroides Griseb. = Lachnorhiza piloselloides A. Rich. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
subsp. piloselloides References: 5, 7, 30.
*Lachnorhiza micrantha (Borhidi) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: Lagascea mollis Cav., Anales Ci. Nat. 6: 332. 1803; Nocca mollis
89. 1992; Lachnorhiza piloselloides A. Rich. subsp. micrantha (Cav.) Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 58. 1806.
Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 214. 1983. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Reference: 149. Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin,
*Lachnorhiza piloselloides A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, St. Vincent), Curaçao, North America, Mexico, Central America,
Bot. 11: 34. 1850, subsp. piloselloides and South America; exotic in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St.
Lachnorhiza asteroides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 152. 1866. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Name: Silkleaf (Lesser Antilles).
Reference: 136. References: 1, 2, 7, 19, 58, 136, 224.
*Lantanopsis hispidula C. Wright ex Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 513. 1862. Lepidaploa arborescens (L.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: 481.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and 1990; Conyza arborescens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1213. 1759;
Hispaniola. Vernonia arborescens (L.) Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1320. 1806.
References: 5, 7, 136. Vernonia albicoma Gleason, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 185. 1906.
*Lantanopsis hoffmanni Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 464. 1901. Vernonia arborescens (L.) Sw. var. swartziana Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. 353. 1861.
References: 5, 7, 30. Vernonia divaricata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1319. 1806.
Vernonia intonsa Gleason, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 182. 1906.
*Lantanopsis tomentosa Borhidi & Moncada, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Vernonia parvuliceps Ekman, Ark. Bot. 13(15): 71. 1914.
Hung. 25: 52. 1979. Vernonia permollis Gleason, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 179. 1906.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Vernonia ventosa Gleason, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 179. 1906.
References: 39, 149. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Vincent ) and Margarita; doubtful to Trinidad.
Cuba (39). References: 1, 2, 4, 30, 151, 152, 224, 301, 322, 323.
Lapsana communis L., Sp. Pl. 811. 1753. Lepidaploa arbuscula (Less.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: 481.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Jamaica; native to Europe and 1990; Vernonia arbuscula Less., Linnaea 6: 664. 1831.
Asia. Cacalia bahamensis (Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 969. 1891;
Common Name: Nipplewort (Jamaica). Vernonia bahamensis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 352. 1861.
References: 2, 5, 7, 151. Vernonia obcordata Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 187. 1906.
Launaea intybacea (Jacq.) Beauverd, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, ser. 2, 2: Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
114. 1910; Lactuca intybacea Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 16. 1784; References: 45, 151, 322.
Brachyramphus intybaceus (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 7(1): 177. 1838. Lepidaploa aronifolia (Gleason) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103:
Brachyramphus caribaeus DC., Prodr. 7(1): 177. 1838. 482. 1990; Vernonia aronifolia Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, 40: 323. 1913.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, References: 39, 136.
Antigua, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy), Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Curaçao, Margarita, North America, Central America, and South Cuba (39).
America; native to Africa.
Common Names: Achicoria silvestre, Chicoria, Lechuga silvestre, Lepidaploa borinquensis (Urb.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103:
Lechugilla (Dominican Republic), Chicorree, Chicorée alimentaire, 483. 1990; Vernonia borinquensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 390.
Chicorée cultivée, Chicorée des jardins, Chicorée frisée, Chicorée 1903.
marrón, Chicorée sauvage, Laitue sauvage, Lassigne (Haiti), Wild Vernonia arborescens (L.) Sw. var. divaricata sensu Stahl, Estud. Fl.
lettuce (Jamaica). Puerto Rico 5: 103. 1887, non Griseb.
References: 1, 2, 7, 19, 40, 58, 61, 136, 151, 224, 254, 301, 323. Vernonia borinquensis Urb. var. hirsuta Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. 46: 236. 1919.
Vernonia borinquensis Urb. var. resinosa Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot.
*Leonis trineura (Griseb.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 56. 2006; Club 46: 236. 1919.
Senecio trineurus Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 514. 1862; Pentacalia Vernonia borinquensis Urb. var. stahlii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 391. 1903.
trineura (Griseb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 89. 1992. Vernonia rigida sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 283. 1881,
Senecio domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 431. 1912. non Sw.
Senecio leonis Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 50. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
1923. References: 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 149, 151, 152, 322, 340.
Hispaniola. Lepidaploa buxifolia Cass. = Vernonanthura buxifolia (Less.) H. Rob.
References: 5, 7, 30, 42, 134, 136, 149, 151. Lepidaploa commutata (Ekman) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103:
Leontodon hirtus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1194. 1759. 485. 1990; Vernonia commutata Ekman, Ark. Bot. 13(15): 77.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Europe. 1914.
Reference: 136.
Leontodon saxatilis Lam., Fl. Franc. 2: 115. 1779.
Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Willd. ex Mérat, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) Lepidaploa complicata (C. Wright ex Griseb.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc.
22: 108. 1831, nom. illeg.; Hyoseris taraxacoides Vill., Prosp. Wash. 103: 485. 1990; Vernonia complicata C. Wright ex Griseb.,
Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 33. 1779. Cat. Pl. Cub. 143. 1866.
Distribution: Exotic to Hispaniola; native to Europe. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Leontodon taraxacum L. = Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. Lepidaploa desiliens (Gleason) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103:
486. 1990; Vernonia desiliens Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40:
Lepidaploa acuminata (Less.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: 316. 1913.
481. 1990; Vernonia acuminata Less., Linnaea 6: 663. 1831. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Baccharis myrsinites sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 366.1861, non (Lam.) Reference: 136.
Pers.
Vernonia expansa Gleason, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 186. 1906. Lepidaploa ekmanii (Urb.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: 487.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. 1990; Vernonia ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 62. 1921.
References: 2, 30, 151, 322. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 7, 152.
number 9 8 • 121
Lepidaploa fruticosa (L.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: 487. Vernonia leonis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
1990; Conyza fruticosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1209. 1763; Vernonia Salle” 18: 14. 1960.
fruticosa (L.) Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1323. 1806. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Vernonia buchii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 146. 1919. References: 136, 152, 322.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Lepidaploa pallescens (Gleason) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103:
References: 7, 322. 490. 1990; Vernonia pallescens Gleason, Bull. New York Bot.
Lepidaploa glabra (Willd.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: 487. Gard. 4: 192. 1906.
1990; Conyza glabra Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3: 1940. 1803. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent).
Conyza fruticosa sensu Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 125. 1879, non L. References: 1, 322.
Vernonia albicaulis Vahl ex Pers., Syn. Pl. 2 (2): 404. 1807. Lepidaploa pineticola (Gleason) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103:
Vernonia arborescens (L.) Sw. var. swartziana sensu Stahl, Estud. Fl. 491. 1990; Vernonia pineticola Gleason, Bull. New York Bot.
Puerto Rico 5: 101. 1887, non Griseb. Gard. 4: 176. 1906.
Vernonia longifolia Pers. var. genuina Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 456. 1899. Vernonia acunae Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Vernonia longifolia Pers. var. sintenisii Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 456. 1899; Salle” 18: 13. 1960.
Vernonia sintenisii (Urb.) Gleason, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
187. 1906. References: 136, 152, 322.
Vernonia longifolia Pers. var. vahliana (Less.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1:
456. 1899; Vernonia vahliana Less., Linnaea 4: 306. 1829. Lepidaploa pluvialis (Gleason) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103:
Vernonia punctata Sw. ex Wikstr., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1827: 491. 1990; Vernonia pluvialis Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40:
72. 1828. 312. 1913.
Vernonia shaferi Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 238. 1919. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico, Virgin Reference: 2.
Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lepidaploa proctorii (Urbatsch) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103:
and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, 491. 1990; Vernonia proctorii Urbatsch, Syst. Bot. 14: 589. 1989.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Martin). References: 58, 149, 633.
References: 1, 19, 30, 58, 61, 149, 151, 152, 156, 322. Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Lepidaploa gnaphaliifolia (A. Rich.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. Lepidaploa purpurata (Gleason) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103:
103: 488. 1990; Vernonia gnaphaliifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, 491. 1990; Vernonia purpurata Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 34. 1850. 40: 322. 1913.
Vernonia angustata Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 309. 1913. Vernonia praestans Ekman & Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26:
Vernonia arborescens (L.) Sw. var. divaricata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 144. 101. 1929.
1866. Vernonia praestans Ekman & Urb. var. cacuminis Borhidi & O. Muñiz,
Vernonia membranacea Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 144. 1866. Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18: 48. 1973.
Vernonia nervosa Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Salle” 18: 15. 1960. Reference: 136.
Lepidaploa rigida (Sw.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: 491.
References: 136, 151, 152, 224, 254, 322.
1990; Vernonia rigida (Sw.) Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1322. 1806.
Lepidaploa harrisii (S. Moore) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
488. 1990; Vernonia harrisii S. Moore, J. Bot. 66: 164. 1928. Reference: 2.
Lepidaploa sagrana (DC.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: 492.
Reference: 2.
1990; Vernonia sagrana DC., Prodr. 5: 55. 1836 [as sagraeana].
Lepidaploa jenssenii (Urb.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: 488. Vernonia aceratoides Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 325. 1913.
1990; Vernonia jenssenii Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 64. 1921. Vernonia angusticeps Ekman, Ark. Bot. 13(15): 14. 1914.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Vernonia fallax Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 324. 1913.
Reference: 136. Vernonia inaequiserrata Sch. Bip., J. Bot. 1: 232. 1863.
Lepidaploa leptoclada (Sch. Bip.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: Vernonia linguifolia Ekman, Ark. Bot. 13(15): 19. 1914.
489. 1990; Vernonia leptoclada Sch. Bip., J. Bot. 1: 233. 1863. Vernonia potrerillona Ekman & Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Vernonia calida Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 318. 1913. 26: 98. 1929.
Vernonia calophylla Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 317. 1913. Vernonia reedii Ekman & Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 97.
Vernonia cristalensis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De 1929.
La Salle” 18: 13. 1960. Vernonia valenzuelana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Vernonia moensis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La 11: 33. 1850.
Salle” 18: 14. 1960. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Vernonia neglecta Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 318. 1913. References: 136, 149, 152, 322.
Vernonia semitalis Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 319. 1913. Lepidaploa segregata (Gleason) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103:
Vernonia vicina Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 317. 1913. 492. 1990; Vernonia segregata Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40:
References: 136, 151, 152, 224, 322. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Lepidaploa orbicularis (Alain) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: Reference: 136.
490. 1990; Vernonia orbicularis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Lepidaploa sericea (Rich.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: 492. 1990;
Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 18: 15. 1960. Vernonia sericea Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 112. 1792.
Conyza portoricensis Bertero ex DC., Prodr. 5: 52. 1836. Lepidesmia squarrosa Klatt, Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 479. 1896.
Lepidaploa phyllostachya Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 26: 16. 1823. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to South America.
Vernonia angustissima C. Wright ex Ekman, Ark. Bot. 13(15): 78. 1914. References: 136, 224.
Vernonia arborescens sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 283. Leptilon bonariense (L.) Small = Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist var.
1881 and DC., Prodr. 5: 48. 1836, non (L.) Sw. bonariensis
Vernonia arborescens (L.) Sw. var. lessingiana Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.
353. 1861. Leptilon chinense (Jacq.) Britton = Conyza laevigata (Rich.) Pruski
Vernonia berteroana DC., Prodr. 5: 52. 1836. Leptilon pusillum (Nutt.) Britton = Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist
Vernonia maestralis Ekman ex Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: var. canadensis
99. 1929.
Leria albicans (Sw.) DC. = Chaptalia albicans (Sw.) Vent. ex Steud.
Vernonia phyllostachya (Cass.) Gleason, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4:
181. 1906. Leria leiocarpa DC. = Chaptalia albicans (Sw.) Vent. ex Steud.
Vernonia racemosa Delponte, Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino, ser. 2, Leria media C. Wright = Chaptalia media (C. Wright) Urb.
14: 396. 1854.
Vernonia sericea Rich. subsp. racemosa (Delponte) Ekman var. Leria nutans (L.) DC. = Chaptalia nutans (L.) Pol.
angustifolia Ekman in I. Urban, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 48. 1931. Leria stenocephala Griseb. = Chaptalia stenocephala (Griseb.) Urb.
Vernonia venusta Gleason, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 177. 1906.
*Lescaillea equisetiformis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 157. 1866.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola, Puerto
Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola,
Virgin Gorda).
References: 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 136, 149, 151, 152, 224, 317, 322,
Cuba (39).
340.
Lescaillea nipensis Carabia = Harnackia bisecta Urb.
Lepidaploa sprengeliana (Sch. Bip.) H. Rob., Smithsonian Contr. Bot.
89: 72. 1999; Vernonia sprengeliana Sch. Bip., J. Bot. 1: 232. 1863. Leucanthemum maximum (Ramond) DC., Prodr. 6: 46. 1838;
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond, Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris
Reference: 7. 2: 140. 1800.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, escaped in Puerto Rico; native to
Lepidaploa stenophylla (Less.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103:
Europe.
493. 1990; Vernonia stenophylla Less., Linnaea 6: 667. 1831.
References: 58, 159, 160, 224, 252.
Vernonia corallophila Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 309. 1913.
Vernonia nematophylla Ekman & Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Leucanthemum vulgare Lam., Fl. Franc. 2: 137. 1779 [“1778”].
26: 100. 1929. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L., Sp. Pl. 888. 1753.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to Europe and Asia.
Hispaniola. References: 5, 7, 136, 151, 159, 224.
References: 7, 136, 322. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Lepidaploa urbaniana (Ekman ex Urb.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. Liabum barahonense Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 85. 1931.
103: 496. 1990; Vernonia urbaniana Ekman ex Urb., Repert. Spec. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 99. 1929. References: 7, 563.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Liabum crispum Sch. Bip., J. Bot. 1: 237. 1863.
Lepidaploa verticillata (Proctor ex C.D. Adams) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. References: 136, 224, 563.
Soc. Wash. 103: 496. 1990; Vernonia verticillata Proctor ex C.D. Liabum cubense Sch. Bip., J. Bot. 1: 236. 1863.
Adams, Phytologia 21: 409. 1971. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. References: 136, 224, 563.
Reference: 2.
Liabum domingense Rydb. = Liabum subacaule Rydb.
Lepidaploa viminalis (Gleason) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103:
496. 1990; Vernonia viminalis Gleason, Bull. New York Bot. Liabum longipes Urb. = Liabum wrightii Griseb.
Gard. 4: 184. 1906. Liabum oblanceolatum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 89. 1931.
Liabum ovatifolium Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 86. 1931.
Cuba (39).
Lepidaploa wrightii (Sch. Bip.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: References: 7, 563.
496. 1990; Vernonia wrightii Sch. Bip., J. Bot. 1: 234. 1863.
Liabum poiteaui (Cass.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 87. 1931;
Andromachia poiteaui Cass., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1817:
Reference: 136.
184. 1817.
Lepidaploa yunquensis (Gleason) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
496. 1990; Vernonia yunquensis Gleason, Bull. New York Bot. References: 7, 563.
Gard. 4: 191. 1906.
Liabum polycephalum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 88. 1931.
References: 7, 563.
Cuba (39). Liabum selleanum Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 86. 1931.
number 9 8 • 123
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Melampodium humile Sw. = Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC.
References: 7, 563. Melampodium perfoliatum Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Liabum subacaule Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34(4): 290. 1927. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 215. 1818.
Liabum domingense Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34(4): 291. 1927. Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, and Mexico.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. References: 136, 224.
Common Names: Chupa nacío, Cura nacido, Cura nacío, Voladora Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
(Dominican Republic). Melanthera amethystina O.E. Schulz = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera angustifolia A. Rich. = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Liabum umbellatum (L.) Sch. Bip., J. Bot. 1: 236. 1863; Amellus
umbellatus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1225. 1759. Melanthera angustifolia A. Rich. var. subhastata O.E. Schulz =
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
References: 2, 563. Melanthera aspera (Jacq.) Small var. aspera = Melanthera nivea (L.)
Liabum wrightii Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 515. 1862. Small
Liabum longipes Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 115. 1929. Melanthera aspera (Jacq.) Small var. glabriuscula (Kuntze) J.C. Parks =
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
References: 136, 152, 563.
Melanthera aspera (Jacq.) Small var. subhastata (O.E. Schulz) D’ Arcy =
Liatris garberi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 15: 48. 1880. Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and United States (FL).
Melanthera brevifolia O.E. Schulz = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Common Name: Blazing star (Bahamas).
References: 45, 150. Melanthera buchii Urb. = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Lorentea cubensis A. Rich. = Pectis cubensis (A. Rich.) Griseb. Melanthera calcicola Britton = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
*Lundinia plumbea (Griseb.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 66. 2006; Melanthera canescens (Kuntze) O.E. Schultz = Melanthera nivea (L.)
Senecio plumbeus Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 515. 1862. Small
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Melanthera crenata O.E. Schulz = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Hispaniola.
References: 7, 42, 136. Melanthera deltoidea sensu Britton & Millsp. = Melanthera nivea (L.)
Small
Matricaria chamomilla L., Sp. Pl. 891. 1753; Chamomilla recutita
(L.) Rauschert, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. (Praha) 9: 255. 1974; Melanthera deltoidea Rich. = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Matricaria recutita L., Sp. Pl. 891. 1753. Melanthera hastata sensu Britton & Millsp. = Melanthera nivea (L.)
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and Hispaniola; escaped in Dominican Small
Republic; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Melanthera hastata Michx. var. cubensis O.E. Schulz = Melanthera
Common Names: Camomila, Manzanilla alemana, Manzanilla dulce
nivea (L.) Small
(Cuba).
References: 7, 132, 311. Melanthera hastata Michx. subsp. cubensis (O.E. Schulz) Borhidi =
Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Matricaria discoidea DC., Prodr. 6: 50. 1838; Chamomilla suaveolens
(Pursh) Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34(3): 232. 1916. Melanthera hastata Michx. subsp. hastata = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe); native to North Melanthera hastata Michx. subsp. lobata (Pursh) Borhidi = Melanthera
America. nivea (L.) Small
References: 159, 254, 318.
Melanthera molliuscula O.E. Schulz = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Matricaria maritima L. = Tripleurospermum maritimum (L.) W.D.J.
Koch Melanthera montana O.E. Schulz = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Matricaria parthenium L. = Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip. Melanthera nivea (L.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1251. 1903 [22 Jul ]; Bidens
nivea L., Sp. Pl. 833. 1753.
Matricaria prostrata Sw. = Egletes prostrata (Sw.) Kuntze Amellus asper (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 305. 1891; Calea
Matricaria recutita L. = Matricaria chamomilla L. aspera Jacq., Collectanea 2: 290. 1789 [“1788”]; Melanthera
aspera (Jacq.) Small var. aspera, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 164.
*Mattfeldia triplinervis Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 90. 1931.
1909.
Amellus asper (Jacq.) Kuntze f. bicolor Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 306.
Reference: 7.
1891.
Melampodium australe Loefl. = Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Amellus asper (Jacq.) Kuntze var. canescens Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.
Kuntze 1: 306. 1891; Melanthera canescens (Kuntze) O.E. Schultz in I.
Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC., Prodr. 5: 520. 1836; Dyssodia Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 116. 1911.
divaricata Rich., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 489. 1807. Melanthera amethystina O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 127.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands 1911.
(St. Croix), Mexico, Central America, and South America. Melanthera angustifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Common Names: Botón de oro (Cuba), Botón de oro (Puerto Rico). 11: 54. 1850.
References: 7, 58, 61, 131, 132, 136, 150, 224. Melanthera angustifolia A. Rich. var. subhastata O.E. Schulz, Repert.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 109. 1929; Melanthera aspera (Jacq.)
Small var. subhastata (O.E. Schulz) D’ Arcy, Ann. Missouri Bot.
Melampodium geminatum Brandegee = Baltimora geminata Gard. 62: 1119. 1976 [“1975”].
(Brandegee) Stuessy
Melanthera aspera (Jacq.) Small var. glabriuscula (Kuntze) J.C. Parks, Mikania congesta DC., Prodr. 5: 197. 1836; Mikania micrantha Kunth
Rhodora 75: 194. 1973. f. congesta (DC.) B.L. Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 64: 43. 1922.
Melanthera brevifolia O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 123. 1911. Mikania sieberiana DC., Prodr., 5: 196. 1836.
Melanthera buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 411. 1903. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Melanthera calcicola Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. (Anguilla, Martinique), Trinidad, and South America.
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 309. 1925. References: 1, 2, 19, 32, 58, 61, 75, 136, 340, 343.
Melanthera crenata O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 123. 1911. Mikania convolvulacea DC. = Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd.
Melanthera deltoidea Rich. in Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 106. 1803.
Melanthera hastata Michx. var. cubensis O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Mikania convolvulacea var. portoricensis DC. = Mikania cordifolia
Antill. 7: 125. 1911; Melanthera hastata Michx. subsp. cubensis (L. f.) Willd.
(O.E. Schulz) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 58: 177. 1971. Mikania convolvulacea sensu A. Stahl = Mikania odoratissima Urb.
Melanthera hastata Michx. subsp. hastata, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 106. 1803.
Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1746. 1803; Cacalia
Melanthera hastata Michx. subsp. lobata (Pursh) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem.
cordifolia L. f., Suppl. Pl. 351. 1782 [“1781”].
58: 177. 1971.
Mikania amara sensu DC., Prodr. 5: 199. 1836, non Willd.
Melanthera molliuscula O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 121.
Mikania cissampelina DC., Prodr. 5: 199. 1836.
1911.
Mikania convolvulacea DC., Prodr. 5: 199. 1836.
Melanthera montana O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 121.
Mikania convolvulacea var. portoricensis DC., Prodr. 5: 199. 1836.
1911.
Mikania gonoclada DC., Prodr. 5: 199. 1836.
Mikania poeppigii Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 422. 1826.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
(Guadeloupe, St. Lucia), Trinidad, North America, Mexico,
Tobago, Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central America, and
South America.
Common Names: Bedolín, Bejuco de finca, Berdolín, Cepú, Mata
Common Names: Romerillo cimarrón (Cuba), Clavel blanco
finca (Dominican Republic), Liane François, Liane sor Grancoise,
(Dominican Republic), Cariaquillo blanco, Salaillo, Yerba de
Vendolin, Verdolin (Haiti), Guaco (Puerto Rico).
cabra (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 136, 152, 301,
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 150, 152, 156, 224,
339, 340.
231, 301, 340.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Mikania corydalifolia Griseb. = Mikania ranunculifolia A. Rich.
Microcoecia repens Griseb. = Koehneola repens (Griseb.) Urb. Mikania crispiflora C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Habana 6: 179. 1869.
Mikania alba N. Taylor, Torreya 7: 186. 1907.
Reference: 136.
Mikania cryptodonta B.L. Rob. = Mikania vitifolia DC.
Mikania amara sensu DC. = Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd.
Mikania cyanosma Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 69. 1931.
Mikania attenuata sensu A. Rich. = Mikania oopetala Urb. & Nied.
Mikania badieri DC. var. badieri = Mikania hookeriana DC. var. badieri Reference: 7.
(DC.) B.L. Rob.
Mikania deltoides Poepp. = Mikania micrantha Kunth
Mikania badieri DC. var. kittsiana Urb. = Mikania hookeriana DC. var.
Mikania dissecta Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 73. 1931.
badieri (DC.) B.L. Rob.
Mikania barahonensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 424. 1912; Pentacalia Reference: 7.
barahonensis (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 88. 1992.
Mikania fragilis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 464. 1899.
Mikania fragilis Urb. var. leptodon Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 464. 1899.
References: 5, 7, 30, 343.
Mikania batatifolia DC. = Mikania micrantha Kunth References: 30, 32, 58, 61, 152.
Mikania boliviensis Lingelsh. = Mikania vitifolia DC. Mikania fragilis Urb. var. leptodon Urb. = Mikania fragilis Urb.
Mikania brachycarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 220. 1907. Mikania gonoclada DC. = Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd.
Mikania brachycarpa Urb. var. purdieana Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 221.
Mikania hastata (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1742. 1803; Eupatorium
1907.
hastatum L. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1204. 1759; Willoughbya hastata
(L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 372. 1891.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, and South America.
Mikania brachycarpa Urb. var. purdieana Urb. = Mikania brachycarpa References: 2, 136, 151, 339.
Urb.
Mikania hioramii Britton & B.L. Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 61: 16. 1920.
Mikania buchii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 480. 1915; Mikania lindenii S. Moore, J. Bot. 66: 166. 1928.
Mikania odoratissima Urb. var. buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 229. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
1907. Reference: 136.
Mikania hookeriana DC., Prodr. 5: 195. 1836, var. hookeriana
References: 5, 7.
Mikania badieri DC. var. kittsiana Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 220. 1907.
Mikania cissampelina DC. = Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd. Mikania imrayana Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 363. 1861.
number 9 8 • 125
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Distribution: Native to Cuba and Venezuela.
Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico, Central References: 30, 136.
America, and South America. Mikania ovalis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 363. 1861.
Common Names: Liane à eau, Liane tordue (Lesser Antilles). Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
References: 1, 30, 36, 151, 152. Martinique).
Mikania hookeriana DC. var. badieri (DC.) B.L. Rob., Contr. Gray Common Name: Wappe-montagne (Lesser Antilles).
Herb. 104: 52. 1934; Mikania badieri DC., Prodr. 5: 194. 1836. Reference: 1.
Distribution: Endemic to Guadeloupe; doubtful to Trinidad. Mikania pachyphylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 463. 1899.
Mikania hotteana Urb. & Ekman = Mikania polychaeta Urb. References: 30, 32, 58, 61.
Mikania imrayana Griseb. = Mikania hookeriana DC. var. hookeriana Mikania papillosa Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 325. 1882.
Mikania jamaicensis B.L. Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 64: 12. 1922.
Common Name: Bejuco blanco (Dominican Republic).
Mikania maxonii Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 72. 1967.
References: 5, 7.
References: 2, 343. Mikania platyloba Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 72. 1931.
Mikania latifolia Sm. in A. Rees, Cycl. 23: n. 8. 1812.
Reference: 7.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica,
Note: Holmes (343) noted that this species may not be a Mikania.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Reference: 1. Mikania poeppigii Spreng. = Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd.
Mikania lepidophora Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 423. 1912. Mikania polycephala Urb. & Nied. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 459.
Mikania lindenii S. Moore = Mikania hioramii Britton & B.L. Rob.
Mikania polychaeta Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 146. 1919.
Mikania maxonii Proctor = Mikania jamaicensis B.L. Rob.
Mikania hotteana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 72. 1931.
Mikania micrantha Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 105. 1818. References: 5, 7.
Eupatorium scandens sensu authors non L.
Mikania porosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 465. 1899.
Mikania scandens sensu authors non. (L.) Willd.
Mikania swartziana sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 5: 118. 1887,
Mikania deltoides Poepp. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 423. 1826.
non Griseb.
Mikania batatifolia DC., Prodr. 5: 197. 1836.
Mikania tamoides DC., Prodr. 5: 197. 1836.
Common Name: Guaco de cabra (Puerto Rico).
References: 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 131.
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Mikania producta Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 70. 1931.
Central America, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Common Names: Bejuco cepú, Bejuco de finca, Bejuco de lilí, Cepú, Reference: 7.
Cepucillo, Mata finca, Matafinca, Tumba finca, Tumbafinca, Mikania ranunculifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Verdolín (Dominican Republic), Liane françois, Liane sor 11: 45. 1850.
François, Liane sor Grancoise (Haiti), Guaco (Jamaica), Bitter Mikania corydalifolia Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 512. 1862.
vine, Guaco, Herb à vache, Kacho, Liane serpent, Locatoire, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Wappe (Lesser Antilles), Guaco falso (Puerto Rico). References: 136, 151.
References: 1, 2, 7, 32, 58, 61, 131, 136, 152, 161, 301.
Mikania reticulosa C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Mikania micrantha Kunth f. congesta (DC.) B.L. Rob. = Mikania Habana 6: 180. 1869.
congesta DC. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Mikania montverdensis Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 75. Reference: 136.
1967. Mikania rhomboidea Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 71. 1931.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Reference: 2. Reference: 7.
Mikania odoratissima Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 465. 1899. Mikania scandens (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1743. 1803; Eupatorium
Mikania convolvulacea sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 5: 116. scandens L., Sp. Pl. 836. 1753.
1887, non DC. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, North America, Mexico, Central
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. America, South America, and Old World.
Mikania odoratissima var. buchii Urb. = Mikania buchii Urb. Mikania scandens sensu authors = Mikania micrantha Kunth
Mikania oopetala Urb. & Nied. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 461. Mikania sieberiana DC. = Mikania congesta DC.
1901.
Mikania attenuata sensu A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Mikania stevensiana Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 458. 1916.
Bot. 11: 43. 1850, non DC. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Mikania trinitaria sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 363. 1861, non DC. References: 32, 58, 61, 149.
Mikania swartziana Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 363. 1861. Neothymopsis brittonii (Greenm.) Britton & Millsp. = Thymopsis
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and brittonii Greenm.
Jamaica.
Neothymopsis polyantha Urb. = Thymopsis thymoides (Griseb.) Urb.
var. polyantha (Urb.) Alain
Mikania swartziana sensu A. Stahl = Mikania porosa Urb.
Neothymopsis thymoides (Griseb.) Britton & Millsp. = Thymopsis
Mikania tamoides DC. = Mikania micrantha Kunth thymoides (Griseb.) Urb. var. thymoides
Mikania tenella W. Holmes, Phytologia 54: 116. 1983. *Nesampelos alainii (J. Jiménez Alm.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 62.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. 2006; Herodotia alainii J. Jiménez Alm., Colecc. Conf. Acad. Ci.
Reference: 343. Rep. Dom. 2: 15. 1977; Ekmaniopappus alainii (J. Jiménez Alm.)
Mikania trinitaria DC., Prodr. 5: 194. 1836. Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 111. 1992.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Montserrat), Trinidad, and Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
South America. References: 7, 42.
References: 151, 254, 301. Nesampelos hotteana (Urb. & Ekman) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 59.
Mikania trinitaria sensu Griseb. = Mikania oopetala Urb. & Nied. 2006; Senecio hotteanus Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 93.
1931.
Mikania tripartita Urb. & Nied. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 462. 1901. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 7, 30.
Nesampelos lucens (Poir.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 59. 2006;
Mikania troyana Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 226. 1907. Conyza lucens Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 2:
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. 341. 1811; Senecio lucens (Poir.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 413. 1903.
Reference: 2. Conyza domingensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 508. 1826.
Mikania venosa Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 151. 1971. Conyza domingensis Willd. ex DC., Prodr. 5: 389. 1836, nom. illeg.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Senecio conyzoides DC., Prodr. 6: 412. 1838.
References: 5, 7, 30, 42, 152.
Mikania vitifolia DC., Prodr. 5: 202. 1836.
Mikania vitifolia DC. f. boliviensis (Lingelsh.) B.L. Rob., Contr. Gray Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. ex Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 34: 501.
Herb. 104: 54. 1934; Mikania boliviensis Lingelsh., Repert. Spec. 1825; Conyza lobata L., Sp. Pl. 862. 1753.
Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 251. 1909. Conyza symphytifolia Mill., Gard. Dic. ed. 8. 1768; Pluchea
Mikania vitifolia DC. f. cryptodonta (B.L. Rob.) B.L. Rob., Contr. Gray symphytifolia (Mill.) W.T. Gillis, Taxon 26: 591. 1977.
Herb. 104: 55. 1934; Mikania cryptodonta B.L. Rob., Contr. Gray Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Herb. 73: 22. 1924. Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Trinidad, Mexico, (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie
Central America, and South America. Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St.
References: 1, 151, 301. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita, Mexico, Central
Mikania vitifolia DC. f. boliviensis (Lingelsh.) B.L. Rob. = Mikania
Common Names: Retama, Salvia amarilla, Salvia cimarrona, Salvia
vitifolia DC.
de playa, Salvia del país, Victoriana (Cuba), Caballón, Hojas de
Mikania vitifolia DC. f. cryptodonta (B.L. Rob.) B.L. Rob. = Mikania Hermán, Manzanilla, Mata vaca, Tabacón (Dominican Republic),
vitifolia DC. American goldenrod, Cow-gall bitter (Jamaica), Herbe à pique,
Milleria quinqueflora L., Sp. Pl. 919. 1753. Zebe à pique (Lesser Antilles), Sepí (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 301, 323, 340.
America. Nocca mollis (Cav.) Jacq. = Lagascea mollis Cav.
Notoptera hirsuta (Sw.) Urb. var. eggersii Urb. = Otopappus hirsutus
(Sw.) R.L. Hartman & Stuessy
Mirasolia diversifolia Hemsl. = Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray
Notoptera hirsuta (Sw.) Urb. var. hirsuta = Otopappus hirsutus (Sw.)
Mulgedium floridanum (L.) DC. = Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. R.L. Hartman & Stuessy
Narvalina domingensis (Cass.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos. 234. 1832; *Odontocline dolichantha (Krug & Urb.) B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 25.
Needhamia domingensis Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 34: 335. 1825. 1978; Senecio fadyenii Griseb. var. dolichanthus Krug & Urb. in I.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 470. 1899.
Needhamia domingensis Cass. = Narvalina domingensis (Cass.) Less. Reference: 2.
Neja marginata (Griseb.) G.L. Nesom, Phytologia 76: 171. 1994; *Odontocline fadyenii (Griseb.) B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 25. 1978;
Haplopappus marginatus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 149. 1866; Senecio fadyenii Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 382. 1861.
Hysterionica marginata (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Hist. Nat. 19: 272. 1890. Reference: 2.
Aster grisebachii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 14. 1914. *Odontocline glabra (Sw.) B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 25. 1978;
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cineraria glabra Sw., Prodr. 113. 1788.
References: 39, 124, 136, 151, 161. Senecio swartzii DC., Prodr. 6: 411. 1838.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
number 9 8 • 127
*Odontocline hollickii (Britton ex Greenm.) B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: Pacourina edulis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 800. 1775.
25. 1978; Senecio hollickii Britton ex Greenm., Ann. Missouri Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Central America, and South
Bot. Gard. 3: 201. 1916. America.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. References: 5, 7, 136, 224.
Reference: 2. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
*Odontocline laciniata (Sw.) B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 25. 1978; Parthenium hysterophorus L., Sp. Pl. 988. 1753.
Cineraria laciniata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1352. 1806; Senecio Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
laciniatus (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 6: 411. 1838. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
Senecio swartzianus Bueck. in A.P. De Candolle, Prodr. 2: 6. 1840. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Reference: 2. Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St.
Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago,
*Odontocline tercentenariae (Proctor) B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 25.
Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, North America,
1978; Senecio tercentenariae Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser.
16: 75. 1967.
Common Names: Santa Maria (Bahamas), Artemisilla, Confitillo,
Escoba amarga (Cuba), Baille lame, Escoba amarga, Escoba de
Reference: 2.
puerco, Escobita amarga, Friega platos, Yerba amarga, Yerba
Oedera trinervia Spreng. = Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) C. Mohr blanca, Yerba de burro, Yerba mala (Dominican Republic),
Ogiera ruderalis (Sw.) Griseb. = Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Absinthe marron, Balai amer, Feuilles bauton, Feuilles bouto,
Sch. Bip. Parthene multifide (Haiti), Dog-flea weed, Wild wormwood
(Jamaica), Matnitjen, Matricaire, Whitehead, White top (Lesser
Ogiera triplinervis Cass. = Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Sch. Bip. Antilles), Ajenjo cimarrón, Artemisa cimarrona, Santa María,
Ogiera triplinervis Cass. var. portoricensis DC. = Eleutheranthera Yerba amarga (Puerto Rico).
ruderalis (Sw.) Sch. Bip. References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 224, 301, 323, 340.
*Oldfeltia polyphlebia (Griseb.) B. Nord. & Lundin, Comp. Newsl. 38:
67. 2002; Senecio polyphlebius Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 515. 1862; Pectis brevicaulis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 279. 1907.
Pentacalia polyphlebia (Griseb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 89. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
1992. Reference: 7.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Pectis carthusianorum Less., Linnaea 6: 712. 1831.
References: 136, 149, 152. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and South
Orthopappus angustifolius (Sw.) Gleason, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. America.
4: 238. 1906; Elephantopus angustifolius Sw., Prodr. 115. 1788. References: 7, 58, 61, 136, 224.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
(Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Pectis caymanensis (Urb.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34(3): 204. 1916, var.
Central America, and South America. caymanensis; Pectis cubensis (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. caymanensis
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 136, 161, 301. Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 282. 1907.
Osmia borinquensis Britton = Chromolaena borinquensis (Britton) Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands
R.M. King & H. Rob. and Cuba.
References: 4, 30, 136, 151.
Osmia corymbosa (Aubl.) Britton & P. Wilson = Chromolaena
corymbosa (Aubl.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Pectis caymanensis (Urb.) Rydb. var. robusta Proctor, Sloanea 1: 4.
1977.
Osmia geraniifolia (Urb.) Britton & P. Wilson = Chromolaena
Distribution: Endemic to Cayman Islands.
geraniifolia (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
References: 4, 149.
Osmia ivifolia (L.) Sch. Bip. = Chromolaena ivifolia (L.) R.M. King &
Pectis christii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 54. 1921.
H. Rob.
Osmia odorata (L.) Sch. Bip. = Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King References: 5, 7.
& H. Rob.
Pectis ciliaris L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1221. 1759.
*Osmiopsis plumieri (Urb. & Ekman) R.M. King & H. Rob., Pectis denticellata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 113. 1929.
Phytologia 32: 251. 1975; Eupatorium plumieri Urb. & Ekman, Pectis martinicensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 276. 1907.
Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 52. 1931 [as plumerii]. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia);
References: 7, 152. introduced in Jamaica.
Otopappus hirsutus (Sw.) R.L. Hartman & Stuessy, Syst. Bot. 8: Common Names: Romero cimarrón, Tebenque, Yerba Luisa cimarrona
205. 1983; Bidens hirsuta Sw., Prodr. 110. 1788; Hopkirkia (Cuba), Guanche, Tebenque (Dominican Republic), Donkey weed
hirsuta (Sw.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 444. 1826; Notoptera (Jamaica), Romero cimarrón (Puerto Rico).
hirsuta (Sw.) Urb. var. eggersii Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 466. 1901; References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 136, 152, 224.
Notoptera hirsuta (Sw.) Urb. var. hirsuta, Symb. Antill. 2: 466. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
1901; Salmea hirsuta (Sw.) DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 141. 1813. Pectis cubensis (A. Rich.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 156. 1866; Lorentea
Eupatorium vestitum Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 416. 1826. cubensis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 36.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. 1850.
Common Name: Romero cimarrón (Cuba). Pectis leonis Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34(3): 207. 1916.
Common Name: Té banco (Cuba).
Pectis cubensis (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. caymanensis Urb. = Pectis
caymanensis (Urb.) Rydb. var. caymanensis
Pectis denticellata Urb. = Pectis ciliaris L. Cuba (39).
Pectis domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 429. 1912. Pectis leptocephala (Cass.) Urb. = Pectis glaucescens (Cass.) D.J. Keil
Pectis linearifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 276. 1907.
Hispaniola.
Pectis linifolia sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 276.1860, non L.
References: 5, 7, 30, 136.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica and United States (FL).
Pectis elongata Kunth var. floribunda (A. Rich.) D.J. Keil, Ann. References: 2, 150, 151.
Missouri Bot. Gard. 62: 1229. 1976 [“1975”].
Pectis linearis La Llave, Reg. Trimestre 1: 451. 1832.
Pectis floribunda A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Pectis febrifuga Van Hall, Ann. Hort. Bot. 4: 33. 1861.
36. 1850.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
Pectis plumieri Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 378. 1861.
Croix, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts), Aruba, Bonaire,
Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Martinique, St. Lucia), Mexico,
Curaçao, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 1, 2, 58, 61, 151.
Common Names: Romero cimarrón (Cuba), Guanche, Limoncillo,
Limoncillo de catarro (Dominican Republic), Citronelle espagnole, Pectis linifolia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1221. 1759.
Citronelle pangnole, Citronelle savon (Haiti), Citronelle, Herbe Pectis punctata Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 28. 1760.
citron, Sitronnèl (Lesser Antilles), Limoncillo del pasto, Romero Tetracanthus linearifolius A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba,
cimarrón, San Rafael (Puerto Rico). Bot. 11: 60. 1850.
References: 1, 2, 7, 36, 58, 123, 136, 151, 459. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO (224); Pectis Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John,
elongata var. elongata is restricted to South America. St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Pectis ericifolia D.J. Keil, Brittonia 36: 74. 1984.
Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire,
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Barbuda).
Curaçao, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South
Reference: 1.
America.
Pectis febrifuga Van Hall = Pectis linearis La Llave Common Names: Flor de San Juan, Romero cimarrón, Romero macho
Pectis floribunda A. Rich. = Pectis elongata Kunth var. floribunda (Cuba), Lin, Lin bâtard (Lesser Antilles), Romero cimarrón,
(A. Rich.) D.J. Keil Romero macho (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 131, 132, 136, 151, 340.
Pectis glaucescens (Cass.) D.J. Keil, Sida 11: 386. 1986; Chthonia
glaucescens Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 9: 173. 1817. Pectis linifolia sensu Griseb. = Pectis linearifolia Urb.
Chthonia leptocephala Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 27: 206. 1823; Pectis martinicensis Urb. = Pectis ciliaris L.
Pectis leptocephala (Cass.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 280. 1907.
Pectis mornicola Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 83. 1931.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and
United States (FL).
Reference: 7.
References: 5, 7, 45, 75, 136, 150, 151, 152, 254, 321.
Pectis multiceps Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 277. 1907.
Pectis havanensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 114. 1929.
Common Name: Romerillo (Dominican Republic).
References: 7, 30.
Cuba (39). Pectis pinosia Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 114. 1929.
Pectis humifusa Sw., Prodr. 114. 1788.
Chthonia repens Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 27: 206. 1823.
Pectis serpyllifolia Less., Linnaea 6: 715. 1831.
Cuba (39).
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles Pectis plumieri Griseb. = Pectis elongata Kunth var. floribunda
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, (A. Rich.) D.J. Keil
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Pectis portoricensis Urb. = Pectis prostrata Cav.
St. Vincent), and Tobago. Pectis pratensis C. Wright = Berylsimpsonia vanillosma (C. Wright) B.L.
Common Names: Petite marguerite (Lesser Antilles), Yerba de San Juan Turner
(Puerto Rico). Pectis prostrata Cav., Icon. 4: 12. 1797.
References: 1, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 131, 301. Pectis portoricensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 276. 1907.
Pectis juniperina Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34(3): 208. 1916. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Aruba, Bonaire,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Curaçao, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South
References: 39, 136. America.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 30, 45, 58, 61, 136, 224.
Cuba (39). Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
number 9 8 • 129
Pectis punctata Jacq. = Pectis linifolia L. Pentacalia trineura (Griseb.) Borhidi = Leonis trineura (Griseb.) B. Nord.
Pectis purpurascens Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 82. 1931. *Phania cajalbanica Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). 17: 35. 1972 [“1971”].
Pectis pusilla Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 282. 1907.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Phania curtissii B.L. Rob. = Phania matricarioides Griseb.
Reference: 7. *Phania domingensis (Spreng.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 145. 1866;
Pectis ritlandii R.A. Howard & W.R. Briggs, J. Arnold Arbor. 34: 184. Ageratum domingense Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 446. 1826;
1953. Carelia domingensis (Spreng.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 325.
Hispaniola.
Pectis samanensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 53. 1921.
References: 5, 7, 136, 151, 142.
References: 5, 7. *Phania matricarioides (Spreng.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 145. 1866;
Hymenopappus matricarioides Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3:
Pectis serpyllifolia Less. = Pectis humifusa Sw.
450. 1826; Ageratum matricarioides (Spreng.) Less., Syn. Gen.
Pectis subeglandulosa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 83. 1931. Compos. 155. 1832.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Phania curtissii B.L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 616. 1909.
Pectis swartziana Less., Linnaea 6: 711. 1831. Common Names: Manzanilla, Manzanilla cimarrona (Cuba).
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, References: 136, 149, 151.
and South America; exotic in Cuba. Pinillosia bellioides Griseb. = Tetraperone bellioides (Griseb.) Urb.
Common Name: Romero cimarrón (Cuba).
*Pinillosia berteroi (Spreng.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 251. 1907;
References: 2, 5, 7, 136, 224.
Tetranthus berteroi Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 459. 1826.
Pectis tenuicaulis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 468. 1899. Hispaniola.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico and Lesser References: 5, 7, 136.
Antilles (Antigua, Martinique).
Piptocarpha tetrantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 457. 1899; Vernonia
References: 1, 30, 58, 61.
tetrantha (Urb.) Ekman, Ark. Bot. 13(15): 8. 1914.
Pentacalia acunae Borhidi = Antillanthus acunae (Borhidi) B. Nord. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Pentacalia barahonensis (Urb.) Borhidi = Mikania barahonensis Urb. References: 30, 32, 58, 219, 322.
Pentacalia carinata (Greenm.) Borhidi = Antillanthus carinatus Piptocoma acevedoi Pruski, Novon 6: 98. 1996.
(Greenm.) B. Nord. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Pentacalia cubensis (Greenm.) Borhidi = Antillanthus cubensis
(Greenm.) B. Nord. Piptocoma antillana Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 50. 1931.
Piptocoma rufescens Cass. var. latifolia Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
Pentacalia discolor (Sw.) H. Rob. = Zemisia discolor (Sw.) B. Nord. 46: 251. 1919.
Pentacalia eriocarpha (Greenm.) Borhidi = Antillanthus eriocarphus Piptocoma rufescens sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
(Greenm.) B. Nord. Virgin Islands 6: 284. 1925, non Cass.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. John, St.
Pentacalia inornata H. Rob., J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 312. 1982.
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda).
References: 19, 32, 58, 61, 149.
Reference: 2.
Piptocoma dentata Alain = Piptocoma samanensis Alain
Pentacalia leucolepis (Greenm.) Borhidi = Antillanthus leucolepis
(Greenm.) B. Nord. Piptocoma ekmanii Alain = Piptocoma rufescens Cass.
Pentacalia moensis (Alain) Borhidi = Antillanthus moensis (Alain) B. Nord. Piptocoma rufescens Cass., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1817: 10. 1817.
Piptocoma ekmanii Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 153. 1971.
Pentacalia pachypoda (Greenm.) Borhidi = Antillanthus pachypodus
(Greenm.) B. Nord.
Pentacalia polyphlebia (Griseb.) Borhidi = Oldfeltia polyphlebia
Piptocoma rufescens Cass. var. latifolia Gleason = Piptocoma antillana
(Griseb.) B. Nord. & Lundin
Urb.
Pentacalia saugetii (Alain) Borhidi = Antillanthus saugetii (Alain) B. Nord.
Piptocoma rufescens sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Piptocoma antillana
Pentacalia shaferi (Greenm.) Borhidi = Antillanthus shaferi (Greenm.) Urb.
B. Nord.,
Piptocoma samanensis Alain, Brittonia 20: 153. 1968.
Pentacalia subdiscolor H. Rob., J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 312. 1982. Piptocoma dentata Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 153. 1971.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Pentacalia trichotoma (Greenm.) Borhidi = Antillanthus trichotomus Piqueria laxiflora B.L. Rob. & Seaton, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 107.
(Greenm.) B. Nord. 1893.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and Mexico. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, North America,
References: 5, 7. Mexico, and Central America.
Common Name: Perennial marsh fleabane (Bahamas).
Piqueria trinervia Cav., Icon. 3: 19. 1794 [“1795”].
References: 2, 45, 61, 136, 151.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Mexico, and Central America.
Common Name: Yerba amarga (Dominican Republic). Pluchea symphytifolia (Mill.) W.T. Gillis = Neurolaena lobata (L.)
References: 5, 7. R. Br. ex Cass.
Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don in R. Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, Pluchea symphytifolia sensu Proctor = Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don
350. 1839; Conyza carolinensis Jacq., Collectanea 2: 271. 1789 Porophyllum ellipticum Cass. = Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass.
[“1788”].
Pluchea odorata sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Porophyllum ellipticum Cass. var. genuinum Urb. = Porophyllum
Virgin Islands 6: 298. 1925, non (L.) Cass. ruderale (Jacq.) Cass.
Pluchea symphytifolia sensu authors, non (Mill.) Gillis. Porophyllum ellipticum Cass. var. ruderale (Jacq.) Urb. = Porophyllum
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, ruderale (Jacq.) Cass.
Porophyllum leiocarpum (Urb.) Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34(3): 184. 1916;
Porophyllum macrocephalum C. DC. var. leiocarpum Urb. in
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie
I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 466. 1899.
Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin,
St. Vincent), Aruba, Curaçao, North America, Mexico, Central
Common Name: Yerba de peo (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Conyse oderante, Salvia, Salvia blanca (Dominican
Republic), Corail, Feuilles la chose, Grande sauce, Grande sauge, Porophyllum macrocephalum C. DC. var. leiocarpum Urb. =
La chause, La choille, La chose, La sauge, Sauge, Tabac sauvage Porophyllum leiocarpum (Urb.) Rydb.
(Haiti), Wild tobacco (Jamaica), Cattletongue, Cure-for-all, Sweet Porophyllum porophyllum (L.) Kuntze = Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.)
scent, Tabat-diable, Tabat djab, Wild tobacco, Zówèy mouten Cass.
(Lesser Antilles), Salvia (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 4, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 150, 254, 340, 464. Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 43: 56. 1826;
Kleinia ruderalis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 28. 1760; Cacalia ruderalis
Pluchea domingensis Klatt = Elekmania buchii (Urb.) B. Nord. (Jacq.) Sw., Prodr. 110. 1788; Porophyllum ellipticum Cass. var.
Pluchea eggersii Urb. = Pluchea foetida (L.) DC. ruderale (Jacq.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 468. 1899.
Cacalia porophyllum L., Sp. Pl. 834. 1753; Porophyllum porophyllum
Pluchea foetida (L.) DC., Prodr. 5: 452. 1836; Baccharis foetida L., Sp.
(L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 168. 1898.
Pl. 861. 1753.
Porophyllum ellipticum Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 43: 56. 1826.
Cacalia cancellata Rudolphi ex Ledeb. in C.F. Ledebour & J.P.
Porophyllum ellipticum Cass. var. genuinum Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 467.
Alderstam, Diss. Bot. Pl. Doming. 10. 1805; Senecio cancellatus
1899.
(Rudolphi ex Ledeb.) DC., Prodr. 6: 435. 1838.
Pluchea eggersii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 407. 1903.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and North America.
Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
References: 5, 7, 30, 151.
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
Pluchea foetida sensu Britton & Millsp. = Pluchea rosea R.K. Godfrey Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 42: 3. 1826; Conyza Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
odorata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1213. 1759; Pluchea odorata (L.) Common Name: Yerba porosa (Puerto Rico).
Cass. var. normalis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 357. 1891. References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 136, 151, 224, 301,
Conyza purpurascens Sw., Prodr. 112. 1788; Pluchea purpurascens 323, 340.
(Sw.) DC., Prodr. 5: 452. 1836. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Prenanthes japonica L. = Youngia japonica (L.) DC.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St. John,
Prionanthes antimenorrhoea Schrank = Trixis antimenorrhoea
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe,
(Schrank) Mart. ex Baker
Marie Galante, St. Lucia), Trinidad, North America, Mexico, and
Central America. Proustia crassinervis Urb. = Berylsimpsonia crassinervis (Urb.) B.L.
Common Names: Annual march fleabane (Bahamas), Salvia, Salvia Turner
cimarrona, Salvia del país, Salvia playa (Cuba), Salvia, Salvia de Proustia domingensis Spreng. ex DC. = Vernonanthura buxifolia (Less.)
remedios (Dominican Republic), Bitter tobacco (Jamaica), Sauge H. Rob.
rouge, Sweetscent, Tabak djab, Wild tobacco (Lesser Antilles),
Salvia (Puerto Rico). Proustia krugiana Urb. = Berylsimpsonia vanillosma (C. Wright) B.L.
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 151, 152, 301, 340. Turner
Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. var. normalis Kuntze = Pluchea odorata (L.) Proustia stenophylla Urb. & Ekman = Berylsimpsonia vanillosma
Cass. (C. Wright) B.L. Turner
Pluchea odorata sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Pluchea carolinensis Proustia vanillosma C. Wright = Berylsimpsonia vanillosma (C. Wright)
(Jacq.) G. Don B.L. Turner
Pluchea purpurascens (Sw.) DC. = Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. Pseudelephantopus funckii (Turcz.) Philipson = Pseudelephantopus
spiralis (Less.) Cronquist
Pluchea rosea R.K. Godfrey, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 68: 266. 1952.
Pluchea foetida sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 445. 1920, non Pseudelephantopus spicatus (B. Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F. Baker, Trans. Acad.
(L.) DC. Sci. St. Louis 12: 45. 1902; Elephantopus spicatus B. Juss. ex
number 9 8 • 131
Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 808. 1775; Distreptus spicatus (B. Juss. Common Names: Travesera de loma (Cuba), Vela de sabana, Lengua de
ex Aubl.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 13: 367. 1819. vaca, Cura nacío, Cura nacido (Dominican Republic).
Elephantopus spicatus B. Juss. ex Aubl. var. flavidus Kuntze, Revis. References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 132, 136, 151, 224, 301.
Gen. Pl. 1: 335. 1891. Pterocaulon virgatum (L.) DC., Prodr. 5: 454. 1836; Gnaphalium
Elephantopus spicatus B. Juss. ex Aubl. var. laxiflorus Kuntze, Revis. virgatum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1211. 1759.
Gen. Pl. 1: 335. 1891. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Islands, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser America.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Common Names: Siempreviva (Cuba), Golden cudweed (Jamaica),
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Escobillón (Puerto Rico).
Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, References: 2, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 75, 136, 340.
Common Names: Lengua de vaca (Cuba), Lengua de chivo, Lengua de Pterocaulon virgatum sensu Griseb. = Pterocaulon alopecuroideum
vaca (Dominican Republic), Langue boeuf (Haiti), Dog’s tongue, (Lam.) DC.
Packy weed (Jamaica). *Rhodogeron coronopifolius Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 151. 1866.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 136, 152, 224, 309, 323, 340. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. References: 39, 136.
Pseudelephantopus spiralis (Less.) Cronquist, Madroño 20: 255. 1970; Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distreptus spiralis Less., Linnaea 6: 690. 1831. Cuba (39).
Pseudelephantopus funckii (Turcz.) Philipson, J. Bot. 76(910): 301. Rolandra argentea Rottb. = Rolandra fruticosa (L.) Kuntze
1938; Spirochaeta funckii Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes
Rolandra fruticosa (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 360. 1891; Echinops
Moscou 24(1): 167. 1851.
fruticosus L., Sp. Pl. 815. 1753.
Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Grenada, St.
Rolandra argentea Rottb., Soc. Med. Havn. Collect. 2: 258. 1775.
Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, and South
America.
(Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Common Name: Tét nèg (Lesser Antilles).
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad,
References: 1, 58, 151, 301.
Pseudoconyza lyrata (Kunth) Cuatrec. = Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) Common Names: Herbe argentée, Tété négresse (Lesser Antilles), Yerba
D’Arcy de plata (Puerto Rico).
Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D’Arcy, Phytologia 25: 281. 1973; References: 1, 7, 58, 61, 75, 301, 340.
Conyza viscosa Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Blumea viscosa Rudbeckia hirta L., Sp. Pl. 907. 1753.
(Mill.) V.M. Badillo, Revista Fac. Agron. (Maracay) 7: 9. 1974. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to North America.
Pseudoconyza lyrata (Kunth) Cuatrec., Ciencia (Mexico) 21: 31. 1961; References: 136, 159, 224.
Conyza lyrata Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 55. 1818; Eschenbachia
Sachsia bahamensis Urb. = Sachsia polycephala Griseb.
lyrata (Kunth) Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 444. 1920; Blumea
lyrata (Kunth) V.M. Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 10: 257. Sachsia divaricata Griseb. = Sachsia polycephala Griseb.
1946; Blumea viscosa (Mill.) V.M. Badillo var. lyrata (Kunth) Sachsia polycephala Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 151. 1866.
D’Arcy, Phytologia 30: 5. 1975. Sachsia bahamensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 408. 1903.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Mexico, Central America, Sachsia divaricata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 151. 1866.
South America, and Africa. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and
References: 45, 136, 151, 161, 224. United States (FL).
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. References: 2, 7, 45, 136.
Pseudognaphalium domingense (Lam.) Anderb. = Gnaphalium Sachsia tricephala Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 151. 1866.
domingense Lam. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Kunth) Cabrera, Brittonia 7: 56. References: 39, 136.
1950; Senecio chenopodioides Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 140. Cuba (39).
1818. *Salcedoa mirabaliarum Jiménez Rodr. & Katinas, Syst. Bot. 29: 992.
Senecio confusus Britten, J. Bot. 36: 260. 1898. 2004.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Islands (St. croix, St. Thomas), and Margarita; native to Mexico, Reference: 149.
Common Names: Mexican flame vine (Bahamas), Bandera española, Salmea caleoides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 155. 1866.
Margarita australiana, Margarita húngara (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 7, 32, 45, 58, 150, 151, 323. Reference: 136.
Pterocaulon alopecuroideum (Lam.) DC., Prodr. 5: 454. 1836; Conyza Salmea glaberrima C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 155. 1866.
alopecuroides Lam., Encycl. 2: 93. 1786. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Pterocaulon virgatum sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 367. 1861, non (L.) DC. Reference: 136.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Salmea grandiceps Cass. = Salmea scandens (L.) DC.
Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Redonda), Trinidad,
Salmea hirsuta (Sw.) DC. = Otopappus hirsutus (Sw.) R.L. Hartman &
Stuessy
Gorda), and South America.
Salmea insipida (Jacq.) Bolick & R.K. Jansen, Brittonia 33: 186. 1981; Senecio buchii Urb. = Elekmania buchii (Urb.) B. Nord.
Spilanthes insipida Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 28. 1760.
Senecio carinatus Greenm. = Antillanthus carinatus (Greenm.) B. Nord
References: 136, 161. Senecio chenopodioides Kunth = Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides
(Kunth) Cabrera
Salmea montana (Britton & S.F. Blake) Bolick & R.K. Jansen, Brittonia
33: 186. 1981; Spilanthes montana Britton & S.F. Blake, Mem. Senecio cineraria DC. = Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden
Torrey Bot. Club 16: 117. 1920. Senecio confusus Britten = Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Kunth)
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cabrera
References: 136, 156, 161, 207.
Senecio constanzae Urb. = Ignurbia constanzae (Urb.) B. Nord.
Salmea pauciceps Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 155. 1866; Spilanthes
pauciceps (Griseb.) S.F. Blake, J. Bot. 53: 200. 1915. Senecio conyzoides DC. = Nesampelos lucens (Poir.) B. Nord.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Senecio cubensis Greenm. = Antillanthus cubensis (Greenm.) B. Nord.
Senecio domingensis Urb. = Leonis trineura (Griseb.) B. Nord.
Salmea petrobioides Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 375. 1861.
Senecio ekmanii Alain = Antillanthus ekmanii (Alain) B. Nord.
Islands, and Cuba. Senecio eriocarphus Greenm. = Antillanthus eriocarphus (Greenm.)
Common Names: Bushy salmea, Shanks (Bahamas). B. Nord.
References: 4, 45, 136. Senecio fadyenii Griseb. = Odontocline fadyenii (Griseb.) B. Nord.
Salmea scandens (L.) DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 141. 1813; Bidens Senecio fadyenii Griseb. var. dolichanthus Krug & Urb. = Odontocline
scandens L., Sp. Pl. 833. 1753. dolichantha (Krug & Urb.) B. Nord.
Salmea grandiceps Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 47: 88. 1827.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Senecio ficoides (L.) Sch. Bip., Flora 28: 499. 1845; Kleinia ficoides (L.)
Mexico, Central America, and South America; doubtful in Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ. 313. 1812.
Trinidad. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Africa.
Common Names: Baiba, Baiguá, Bejuco de baiguá, Bejuco de rasquiña References: 151, 152, 159, 254.
(Dominican Republic), Bejuco de miel, Bejuco de muela, Tabacón Senecio fuertesii Urb. = Elekmania fuertesii (Urb.) B. Nord.
(Puerto Rico).
Senecio haitiensis Krug & Urb. = Elekmania haitiensis (Krug & Urb.)
References: 2, 5, 7, 32, 58, 61, 75, 136, 301.
B. Nord.
Salmea sessilifolia Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 375. 1861.
Senecio hieraciifolius L. = Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. var.
hieraciifolius
Reference: 2.
Senecio hollickii Britton ex Greenm. = Odontocline hollickii (Britton ex
Salmea umbratilis B.L. Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 77: 61. 1926.
Greenm.) B. Nord.
Reference: 136. Senecio hotteanus Urb. & Ekman = Nesampelos hotteana (Urb. &
Ekman) B. Nord.
Santolina jamaicensis L. = Calea jamaicensis (L.) L.
Senecio jamaicensis DC. = Jacmaia incana (Sw.) B. Nord.
Santolina oppositifolia L. = Isocarpha oppositifolia (L.) Cass. subsp.
oppositifolia Senecio kuekenthalii Urb. & Ekman = Elekmania kuekenthalii (Urb. &
Ekman) B. Nord.
Sclerocarpus africanus Jacq. ex Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 783. 1784.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Thomas); Senecio laciniatus (Sw.) DC. = Odontocline laciniata (Sw.) B. Nord.
native to South Africa. Senecio leonis Britton & P. Wilson = Leonis trineura (Griseb.) B. Nord.
Senecio leucolepis Greenm. = Antillanthus leucolepis (Greenm.)
Scorzonera hispanica L., Sp. Pl. 791. 1753. B. Nord.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to Europe
and Asia. Senecio lucens (Poir.) Urb. = Nesampelos lucens (Poir.) B. Nord.
Common Names: Escorzonera, Salsifí negro (Puerto Rico). Senecio lucidus (Sw.) DC. = Dendrophorbium lucidum (Sw.) C. Jeffrey
References: 7, 58, 131, 159.
Senecio marcianus Urb. & Ekman = Elekmania marciana (Urb. &
*Selleophytum buchii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 484. Ekman) B. Nord.
1915; Coreopsis buchii (Urb.) S.F. Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
Senecio moensis Alain = Antillanthus moensis (Alain) B. Nord.
22: 641. 1924.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Senecio moldenkei Greenm. ex Alain = Antillanthus moldenkei
References: 7, 259. (Greenm. ex Alain) B. Nord.
Senecio almironcillo M. Gómez = Antillanthus almironcillo (M. Gómez) Senecio pachylepis Greenm. = Antillanthus pachylepis (Greenm.)
B. Nord. B. Nord.
Senecio azulensis Alain = Antillanthus azulensis (Alain) B. Nord. Senecio pachypodus Greenm. = Antillanthus pachypodus (Greenm.)
B. Nord.
Senecio barahonensis Urb. = Elekmania barahonensis (Urb.) B. Nord.
Senecio picardae Krug & Urb. = Elekmania picardae (Krug & Urb.)
Senecio biseriatus Alain = Antillanthus biseriatus (Alain) B. Nord.
B. Nord.
Senecio brittonii Greenm. = Antillanthus almironcillo (M. Gómez)
Senecio plumbeus Griseb. = Lundinia plumbea (Griseb.) B. Nord.
B.  Nord.
number 9 8 • 133
Senecio polyphlebius Griseb. = Oldfeltia polyphlebia (Griseb.) B. Nord. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and North America.
& Lundin Common Name: Espiga de oro (Dominican Republic).
References: 5, 7.
Senecio rivalis Greenm. = Herreranthus rivalis (Greenm.) B. Nord.
Solidago domingensis Spreng. = Gundlachia domingensis (Spreng.)
Senecio samanensis Urb. = Elekmania samanensis (Urb.) B. Nord.
A. Gray
Senecio saugetii Alain = Antillanthus saugetii (Alain) B. Nord.
Solidago gigantea Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 211. 1789.
Senecio shaferi Greenm. = Antillanthus shaferi (Greenm.) B. Nord. Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (Tortola) and Lesser Antilles
Senecio stenodon Urb. = Elekmania stenodon (Urb.) B. Nord. (Guadeloupe); native to North America.
References: 151, 159, 254.
Senecio subsquarrosus Greenm. = Antillanthus subsquarrosus
(Greenm.) B. Nord. Solidago lindeniana A. Rich. = Gundlachia domingensis (Spreng.)
A. Gray
Senecio swartzianus Bueck. = Odontocline laciniata (Sw.) B. Nord.
Solidago microglossa DC., Prodr. 5: 332. 1836.
Senecio swartzii DC. = Odontocline glabra (Sw.) B. Nord. Distribution: Native to Virgin Islands (Tortola) and South America.
Senecio tercentenariae Proctor = Odontocline tercentenariae (Proctor) References: 61, 151, 231.
B. Nord. Solidago missouriensis Nutt., J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 32.
Senecio trichotomus Greenm. = Antillanthus trichotomus (Greenm.) 1834.
B. Nord. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to North America.
References: 151, 159, 254.
Senecio trineurus Griseb. = Leonis trineura (Griseb.) B. Nord.
Solidago sempervirens L., Sp. Pl. 878. 1753.
Senecio valerianifolius Link ex Spreng. = Erechtites valerianifolius (Link
Solidago sempervirens L. var. mexicana (L.) Fernald, Rhodora 37: 447.
ex Spreng.) DC.
1935.
Senecio vulgaris L., Sp. Pl. 867. 1753. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, North
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, North America, and America, and Mexico.
Mexico; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia. Common Names: Seaside goldenrod (Bahamas), Espiga de oro, Lluvia
Common Names: Yerba cana (Cuba), Groundsel (Jamaica). de oro (Dominican Republic).
References: 2, 5, 7, 112, 136, 224. References: 7, 45, 58, 61, 123, 136, 151, 254, 383.
Solidago sempervirens L. var. mexicana (L.) Fernald = Solidago
*Shafera platyphylla Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. sempervirens L.
2(8): 327. 1912.
Solidago stricta Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 216. 1789.
Reference: 136.
Common Names: Pluma de oro, Plumeritos (Cuba).
Sigesbeckia agrestis Poepp. in E.F. Poeppig & S.L. Endlicher, Nov. Gen. References: 136, 254.
Sp. Pl. 3: 45. 1843.
Sonchus arvensis sensu Bello = Sonchus oleraceus L.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Mexico, and South America.
References: 5, 7, 152. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, Herb. Brit. 1: 47. 1769; Sonchus oleraceus L.
var. asper L., Sp. Pl. 794. 1753.
Sigesbeckia jorullensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
(Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique), and Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Prickly sow thistle (Bahamas), Yerba espinosa,
Reference: 7.
Lechuguilla (Dominican Republic).
Sigesbeckia orientalis L., Sp. Pl. 900. 1753. References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 383.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Africa, Asia, Australia, and
Sonchus oleraceus L., Sp. Pl. 794. 1753.
Pacific Region.
Sonchus arvensis sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 286.
References: 7, 159.
1881, non L.
Sigesbeckia portoricensis Bertero ex DC. = Eleutheranthera ruderalis Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
(Sw.) Sch. Bip. Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola),
Sigesbeckia pringlei D.L. Schulz subsp. tuerckheimii D.L. Schulz, Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
Haussknechtia, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges., 4: 29. 1988. Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
References: 152, 254. Trinidad, Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America,
and South America; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Silphium trilobatum L. = Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski Common Names: Sow thistle (Bahamas), Algodoncillo, Cerraja, Cerraja
Simsia foetida (Cav.) S.F. Blake var. jamaicensis (S.F. Blake) D.M. lechosa (Cuba), Achicoria, Borraja, Borraja morada, Chicoria,
Spooner = Simsia jamaicensis S.F. Blake Lechuguilla, Lechuguillo (Dominican Republic), Chicorée marrón
(Haiti), Sow-thistle (Jamaica), Bouton blanc, Herbe à lapin,
Simsia jamaicensis S.F. Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 49: 388. 1913;
Laitue, Sow thistle (Lesser Antilles), Achicoria, Achicoria silvestre
Simsia foetida (Cav.) S.F. Blake var. jamaicensis (S.F. Blake) D.M.
Chicoria (Puerto Rico).
Spooner, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 30: 68. 1990.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 75, 136, 151, 224, 301, 323, 340.
References: 2, 151.
Sonchus oleraceus L. var. asper L. = Sonchus asper (L.) Hill
Solidago canadensis L., Sp. Pl. 878. 1753.
*Spaniopappus bucheri (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Spilanthes iodiscaea A.H. Moore = Acmella iodiscaea (A.H. Moore)
19: 304. 1970; Eupatorium bucheri B.L. Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. R.K. Jansen
80: 15. 1928. Spilanthes limonica A.H. Moore = Acmella brachyglossa Cass.
References: 136, 151. Spilanthes montana Britton & S.F. Blake = Salmea montana (Britton &
S.F. Blake) Bolick & R.K. Jansen
*Spaniopappus ekmanii B.L. Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 77: 45. 1926.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Spilanthes ocymifolia sensu Alain = Acmella radicans (Jacq.) R.K.
References: 39, 136, 152. Jansen var. debilis (Kunth) R.K. Jansen
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Spilanthes oleracea L. = Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen
Cuba (39).
Spilanthes pauciceps (Griseb.) S.F. Blake = Salmea pauciceps Griseb.,
*Spaniopappus hygrophilus (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Cat. Pl. Cub. 155. 1866.
19: 304. 1970; Eupatorium hygrophilum Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus.
Spilanthes pusila Hook. & Arn. = Acmella pusilla (Hook. & Arn.) R.K.
Jansen
References: 136, 149. Spilanthes radicans Jacq. = Acmella radicans (Jacq.) R.K. Jansen var.
radicans
*Spaniopappus iodostylus (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob.,
Phytologia 19: 304. 1970; Eupatorium iodostylum B.L. Rob., Spilanthes uliginosa sensu DC. = Acmella iodiscaea (A.H. Moore) R.K.
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 47: 194. 1911. Jansen
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Spilanthes uliginosa Sw. = Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass.
Spilanthes urens Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 28. 1760.
*Spaniopappus shaferi (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
19: 304. 1970; Eupatorium shaferi B.L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Lesser Antilles (Martinique), Curaçao, Mexico, Central America,
Arts 51: 537. 1916. and South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Sensitiva silvestre (Cuba), Pigeon coop (Jamaica),
References: 136, 149. Bouton blanc (Lesser Antilles).
Sparganophorus sparganophora (L.) C. Jeffrey = Struchium References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 136, 151.
sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze Spiracantha cornifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Sparganophorus vaillantii Crantz = Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 23. 1818.
Kuntze Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central
Sphagneticola gracilis (Rich.) Pruski, Novon 6: 412. 1996; Wedelia
Common Name: Cariña (Dominican Republic).
gracilis Rich., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 490. 1807.
References: 7, 58.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Stemmodontia bahamensis Britton = Wedelia bahamensis (Britton) O.E.
Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Martin). Schulz ex Urb.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 58, 61, 136, 151. Stemmodontia buphthalmoides (DC.) O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins =
Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78: Wedelia calycina Rich. var. calycina
114. 1996; Silphium trilobatum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1233. 1759; Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 366. 1891.
Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. Sparganophorus sparganophora (L.) C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 43: 272.
4: 99. 1893. 1988, nom. illeg.; Ethulia sparganophora L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1171.
Wedelia brasiliensis (Spreng.) S.F. Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 1763.
250. 1930. Sparganophorus vaillantii Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 261. 1766.
Wedelia carnosa sensu authors, non Rich. Struchium vaillantii Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 261. 1766.
Wedelia paludicola Poepp. in E.F. Poeppig & S.L. Endlicher, Nov. Gen. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Sp. 3: 50. 1843. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica,
Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. var. hirtella O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia), Tobago,
Symb. Antill. 7: 558. 1913. Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 136, 151, 301.
Rico, Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica,
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Struchium vaillantii Crantz = Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze
Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Virgin Islands Symphyotrichum adnatum (Nutt.) G.L. Nesom, Phytologia 77: 275.
(St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Tobago, Trinidad, 1994; Aster adnatus Nutt., J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 82.
Margarita, and North America; native to Mexico, Central 1834.
America, and South America. Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America.
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 32, 35, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 150, 161, References: 45, 161.
301, 224, 323, 340, 383.
Symphyotrichum bahamense (Britton) G.L. Nesom, Phytologia 77:
276. 1994; Aster bahamensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 41.
Spilanthes beccabunga DC. = Acmella oppositifolia (Lam.) R.K. Jansen 14. 1914.
Spilanthes debilis Kunth = Acmella radicans (Jacq.) R.K. Jansen var. Aster subulatus Michx. var. elongatus Bosser. ex A.G. Jones &
debilis (Kunth) R.K. Jansen Lowry, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 8: 406. 1986;
Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G.L. Nesom var. elongatum
Spilanthes insipida Jacq. = Salmea insipida (Jacq.) M.R. Bolick & R.K. (Bosser. ex A.G. Jones & Lowry) S.D. Sundb., Sida 21: 907.
Jansen 2004.
number 9 8 • 135
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and United States (FL). Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G.L. Nesom var. parviflorum
References: 45, 136, 149, 150, 152, 156. (Nees) S.D. Sundb. = Symphyotrichum expansum (Poepp. ex
Spreng.) G.L. Nesom
Symphyotrichum bracei (Britton) G.L. Nesom, Phytologia 77: 276.
1994; Aster bracei Britton in J.K. Small, Fl. Miami 190. 1913. Symphyotrichum tenuifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom, Phytologia 77: 293.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas Cuba, and United States (FL). 1994; Aster tenuifolius L., Sp. Pl. 873. 1753.
References: 45, 136, 150, 161. Symphyotrichum tenuifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom var. aphyllum (R.W.
Long) S.D. Sundb., Sida 21: 905. 2004.
Symphyotrichum burgessii (Britton) G.L. Nesom, Phytologia 77: 276.
1994; Aster burgessii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 14. 1914.
References: 45, 150, 161, 254.
References: 136, 161. Symphyotrichum tenuifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom var. aphyllum (R.W.
Long) S.D. Sundb. = Symphyotrichum tenuifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom
Symphyotrichum concolor (L.) G.L. Nesom, Phytologia 77: 278. 1994;
Aster concolor L., Sp. Pl. 874. 1753. Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 456. 1791;
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America. Verbesina nodiflora L., Cent. Pl. 1, 28. 1755.
References: 45, 161. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St.
Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) G.L. Nesom, Phytologia 77: 280.
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua,
1994; Aster dumosus L., Sp. Pl. 873. 1753.
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
References: 5, 7, 161, 151, 254.
Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago,
Symphyotrichum expansum (Poepp. ex Spreng.) G.L. Nesom, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Phytologia 77: 281. 1994; Erigeron expansus Poepp. ex Spreng., Common Names: Nodeweed (Bahamas), Selvatana, Serbatana
Syst. Veg. 3: 518. 1826. (Dominican Republic), Feuilles dépôt (Haiti), Fatten barrow
Aster heleius Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 53. 1921. (Jamaica), Cerbatana, Serbatana (Puerto Rico).
Aster inconspicuus Less., Linnaea 5: 143. 1830. References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 150, 301, 323, 340.
Aster subulatus Michx. var. cubensis (DC.) Shinners, Field & Lab. 21:
Tagetes erecta L., Sp. Pl. 887. 1753.
161. 1953.
Tagetes patula L., Sp. Pl. 887. 1753.
Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G.L. Nesom var. parviflorum
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
(Nees) S.D. Sundb., Sida 21: 907. 2004.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John), and Lesser Antilles
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Mexico.
(Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent); native to Mexico,
Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve, Taxon 31: 359. 1982; Central America, and South America.
Aster laevis L., Sp. Pl. 876. 1753. Common Names: Chamberga, Chambergo, Clavel de muerto, Copete,
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Copetuda, Flor de muerto (Cuba), Caléndula, Clavel de los
Lesser Antilles (St. Barthélemy); native to North America. muertos, Clavel de muerto, Copada (Dominican Republic), Fleurs
References: 7, 136, 161, 254. souci, Souci (Haiti), Marigold (Jamaica), Marigold, Oeillets, Rose
Symphyotrichum leone (Britton) G.L. Nesom, Phytologia 77: 286. d’inde (Lesser Antilles), Clavelitos de muerto, Ruda del pasto
1994; Aster leonis Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 114. 1920. (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 136, 151, 159, 224.
Symphyotrichum lucayanum (Britton) G.L. Nesom, Phytologia 77: Tagetes patula L. = Tagetes erecta L.
286. 1994; Aster lucayanus Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: Tagetes rotundifolia Mill. = Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F. Blake
143. 1906.
Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip., Tanaceteen 55. 1844; Matricaria
parthenium L., Sp. Pl. 890. 1753; Chrysanthemum parthenium
(L.) Bernh., Syst. Verz. 145. 1800.
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G.L. Nesom, Phytologia 77: 287. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to Europe.
1994; Aster novae-angliae L., Sp. Pl. 875. 1753. References: 7, 161, 224.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola.
Taraxacum argutifrons A.J. Richards = Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.
Reference: 161.
Taraxacum fernandezianum Dahlst. ex Skottsb. = Taraxacum officinale
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L. Nesom, Phytologia 77: 287.
F.H. Wigg.
1994; Aster novi-belgii L., Sp. Pl. 877. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola. Taraxacum fulvum Raunk. = Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.
References: 7, 152, 161, 224. Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg., Prim. Fl. Holsat. 56. 1780.
Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G.L. Nesom, Phytologia 77: 293. Leontodon taraxacum L., Sp. Pl. 798. 1753.
1994; Aster subulatus Michx. var. subulatus, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: Taraxacum argutifrons A.J. Richards, Rhodora 78: 694. 1976.
111. 1803. Taraxacum fernandezianum Dahlst. ex Skottsb., Nat. hist. Juan
Aster exilis Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2(4): 344. 1823. Fernández (Botany) 2: 226. 1922.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Taraxacum fulvum Raunk., Dansk Ekskurs. Fl., 2nd ed. 258. 1906.
North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Taraxacum spathulatum A.J. Richards, Rhodora 78: 694. 1976.
References: 2, 7, 45, 58, 161. Taraxacum unguilobifrons A.J. Richards, Rhodora 78: 693. 1976.
Taraxacum vulgare Schrank, Baier. Reise 11. 1786.
Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G.L. Nesom var. elongatum
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and
(Bosser. ex A.G. Jones & Lowry) S.D. Sundb. = Symphyotrichum
Puerto Rico; native to Europe and Asia.
bahamense (Britton) G.L. Nesom
Common Names: Common dandelion (Bahamas), Dandelion (Jamaica). Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 113. 1929; Thymopsis thymoides
References: 2, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 136, 151, 152, 159, 224. (Griseb.) Urb. subsp. polyantha (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Közlem. 58: 177. 1971.
Taraxacum spathulatum A.J. Richards = Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.
References: 39, 136, 149, 152.
Taraxacum unguilobifrons A.J. Richards = Taraxacum officinale F.H. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Wigg. Cuba (39).
Taraxacum vulgare Schrank = Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. Thymopsis wrightii Benth. = Thymopsis thymoides (Griseb.) Urb. var.
Tepion alatum (L.) Britton = Verbesina alata L. thymoides
Tetracanthus humilis C. Wright ex Griseb. = Tetraperone bellioides Tilesia baccata (L.) Pruski, Novon 6: 414. 1996; Wulffia baccata (L.)
(Griseb.) Urb. Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 373. 1891; Coreopsis baccata L., Pl.
Surin. 14. 1775.
Tetracanthus linearifolius A. Rich. = Pectis linifolia L., Wulffia baccata (L.) Kuntze var. vincentina O.E. Schulz in I. Urban,
*Tetranthus bahamensis Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 5: 318. 1907. Symb. Antill. 7: 93. 1911.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. Wulffia havanensis DC., Prodr. 5: 563. 1836.
Reference: 45. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad,
*Tetranthus cupulatus Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 427. 1912.
Margarita, Central America, and South America.
Common Name: Gros bouton (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 5, 7, 30, 136, 149, 151, 301, 323.
*Tetranthus hirsutus Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 40. 1822.
Tilesia spilanthoides Griseb. = Wedelia serrata Rich. var. serrata
References: 5, 7. Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 5.
1883; Mirasolia diversifolia Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2(8):
*Tetranthus littoralis Sw., Prodr. 116. 1788.
168. 1881.
References: 5, 7.
Rico, Virgin Islands Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
Tetranthus thymoides Griseb. = Thymopsis thymoides (Griseb.) Urb. Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St.
var. thymoides Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and Trinidad; native to Mexico and
*Tetraperone bellioides (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 463. 1901; Central America.
Pinillosia bellioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 153. 1866. Common Names: Mexican sunflower (Bahamas), Flor amarilla, Girasol
Tetracanthus humilis C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 153. 1866. enano, Girasolillo, Margarita gigante, Margarita isleña, Margarita
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. mexicana, Margaritona (Cuba), Escopeta, Margarita haitiana
References: 30, 39, 136. (Dominican Republic), Belle vénus, Fleurs soleil (Haiti), Mexican
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of sunflower (Jamaica), Girasol mejicano, Girasol pequeño, Mirasol
Cuba (39). mejicano, Mirasol pequeño (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 136, 150, 224, 231, 301.
*Thymopsis brittonii Greenm., Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 453. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
1905; Neothymopsis brittonii (Greenm.) Britton & Millsp.,
Bahama Fl. 455. 1920. Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F. Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 41.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. 1917; Tagetes rotundifolia Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
References: 45, 136, 152. Tithonia speciosa Hook. ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 155. 1866.
Tithonia tagetiflora Desf., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 1: 46. 1802.
Thymopsis thymoides (Griseb.) Urb. subsp. glabrescens (Urb.) Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Thymopsis thymoides (Griseb.) Urb. var. (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Lucia), and Trinidad; native to
glabrescens (Urb.) Alain Mexico and Central America.
*Thymopsis thymoides (Griseb.) Urb., Candollea 17: 120. 1960, var. Common Names: Titonia (Cuba), Escopeta (Dominican Republic), Belle
thymoides; Tetranthus thymoides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 286. Vénus (Haiti), Fleur-soleil, Sunflower (Lesser Antilles), Escopeta
1866; Neothymopsis thymoides (Griseb.) Britton & Millsp., (Puerto Rico).
Bahama Fl. 455. 1920. References: 1, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 136, 150, 151, 224, 301.
Thymopsis wrightii Benth., Gen. Pl. 2(1): 407. 1873, nom. illeg. superfl. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Tithonia speciosa (Hook.) Hook. & Griseb. = Tithonia rotundifolia
References: 124, 136, 149, 152. (Mill.) S.F. Blake
*Thymopsis thymoides (Griseb.) Urb. var. glabrescens (Urb.) Alain, Tithonia tagetiflora Desf. = Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F. Blake
Candollea 17: 120. 1960; Thymopsis thymoides (Griseb.) Urb.
subsp. glabrescens (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 58: Tithonia tubiformis (Jacq.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 35: 278. 1825;
177. 1971. Helianthus tubiformis Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 65. 1798.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas and Hispaniola; native to Mexico,
References: 136, 149. Central America, and South America.
Thymopsis thymoides (Griseb.) Urb. subsp. polyantha (Urb.) Borhidi &
O. Muñiz = Thymopsis thymoides (Griseb.) Urb. var. polyantha Tragopogon pratensis L., Sp. Pl. 789. 1753.
(Urb.) Alain Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Europe and Asia.
References: 7, 159.
*Thymopsis thymoides (Griseb.) Urb. var. polyantha (Urb.) Alain,
Candollea 17: 120. 1960; Neothymopsis polyantha Urb., Repert. Trichospira menthoides Kunth = Trichospira verticillata (L.) S.F. Blake
number 9 8 • 137
Trichospira verticillata (L.) S.F. Blake, Torreya 15: 106. 1915; Bidens References: 39, 136, 149.
verticillata L., Sp. Pl. 833. 1753. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Trichospira menthoides Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Cuba (39).
Verbesina alata L., Sp. Pl. 901. 1753; Tepion alatum (L.) Britton,
Distribution: Native to Cuba and Hispaniola, Central America, and
Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 8: 408. 1917; Verbesina alata L. var.
South America.
genuina Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 260. 1907; Verbesina alata L. var.
References: 7, 136, 161, 224.
hispida Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 287. 1866.
Tridax procumbens L., Sp. Pl. 900. 1753. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Puerto Rico,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), and
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, St. Kitts); reported as
John, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, exotic for Jamaica and Hispaniola.
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Common Names: Botoncillo (Cuba), Clavelillo, Sangre de cristo
Martinique, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), (Dominican Republic), Camomille rouge, Pyretre á tete dorée,
Aruba, Curaçao, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and Salivette (Haiti), Capitaneja, Manzanilla cimarrona (Puerto Rico).
South America. References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 136, 152, 340.
Common Names: Manzanilla cimarrona Romerillo, Taita pancha
Verbesina alata L. var. genuina Urb. = Verbesina alata L.
(Cuba), Piquant jambe, Piquant jambe pied, Piquant pied (Haiti),
Pancha, Trídax, Yerba de San Juan del monte (Puerto Rico). Verbesina alata L. var. hispida Griseb. = Verbesina alata L.
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 132, 136, 150, 224, 301. Verbesina alba L. = Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.
Verbesina angulata Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 467. 1901.
Tripleurospermum maritimum (L.) W.D.J. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. Verbesina persicifolia sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 155. 1866, non DC.
ed. 2, 1026. 1845; Matricaria maritima L., Sp. Pl. 891. 1753. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Canada, Alaska, Europe, and Asia. Common Name: Salvia de Cuba (Cuba).
Trixis antimenorrhoea (Schrank) Mart. ex Baker in C.F.P. von Martius, Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Fl. Bras. 6(3): 385. 1884; Prionanthes antimenorrhoea Schrank, Cuba (39).
Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac. 2: t. 51. 1820. Verbesina aspera S.F. Blake, Amer. J. Bot. 12: 631. 1925; Chaenocephalus
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and South America. lobatus Urb. var. lobatus, Symb. Antill. 5: 526. 1908.
References: 5, 7. Chaenocephalus lobatus Urb. var. brachyphyllus Urb., Symb. Antill. 5:
Trixis divaricata (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 501. 1826; 526. 1908.
Perdicium divaricatum Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 122. 1818. References: 2, 30.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Margarita, Central America, and Verbesina brasiliana Pers. = Adenostemma brasilianum (Pers.) Cass.
South America.
References: 5, 7, 323. Verbesina buphthalmoides (DC.) M. Gómez = Wedelia calycina Rich.
var. calycina
Trixis erosa Sw. = Clibadium erosum (Sw.) DC.
Verbesina caymanensis Proctor, Sloanea 1: 4. 1977.
Trixis frutescens P. Browne ex Spreng. = Trixis inula Crantz Distribution: Endemic to Cayman Islands.
Trixis inula Crantz Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 329. 1766. References: 4, 8.
Trixis frutescens P. Browne ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 501. 1826. Verbesina debilis Spreng. = Acmella iodiscaea (A.H. Moore) R.K. Jansen
Trixis radialis (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 370. 1891.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles Verbesina domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 428. 1912.
(Grenadines), Trinidad, Aruba, Margarita, Mexico, Central Verbesina litoralis Alain, Brittonia 20: 153. 1968.
America, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 136, 151, 323. Common Names: Clavelillo, Yerba buena (Dominican Republic).
References: 5, 7.
Trixis radialis (L.) Kuntze = Trixis inula Crantz
Verbesina ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 79. 1931.
Tussilago albicans Sw. = Chaptalia albicans (Sw.) Vent. ex Steud. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Tussilago dentata L. = Chaptalia dentata (L.) Cass. Reference: 7.
Tussilago nutans L. = Chaptalia nutans (L.) Pol. Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex A. Gray, Geol. Surv.
Calif. Bot. 1: 350. 1876; Ximenesia encelioides Cav., Icon. 2: 60.
Tussilago pumila Sw. = Chaptalia pumila (Sw.) Urb.
1793 [“1793-1794”].
*Urbananthus critoniformis (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, North
22: 55. 1971; Eupatorium critoniforme Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 458. America, and Mexico.
1899. Common Names: Golden crownbeard (Bahamas), Yema de huevo
Eupatorium critoniforme Urb. var. pubescens C.D. Adams, Phytologia (Dominican Republic).
21: 408. 1971. References: 7, 45, 58, 61, 136, 224.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
References: 2, 30, 136, 149.
Verbesina gigantea Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 17. 1784.
*Urbananthus pluriseriatus (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Phytologia 22: 55. 1971; Eupatorium pluriseriatum B.L. Rob., Martinique, St. Lucia), Mexico, Central America, and South
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 47: 195. 1911. America.
Verbesina guadeloupensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 466. 1901. Proustia domingensis Spreng. ex DC., Prodr. 5: 30. 1836.
Verbesina helianthoides sensu Duss, Fl. Phan. Antill. Franc. 370. 1897, Vernonia domingensis DC., Prodr. 5: 30. 1836.
non Kunth. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe). References: 7, 151, 152, 322.
Vernonanthura fuertesii (Urb.) H. Rob., Phytologia 73: 71. 1992;
Verbesina gigantea sensu Griseb. = Verbesina pinnatifida Sw. Eupatorium fuertesii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 9.
Verbesina helianthoides sensu Duss = Verbesina guadeloupensis Urb. 1921; Vernonia fuertesii (Urb.) H. Rob., Phytologia 38: 149. 1977.
Vernonia barkeri Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 49. 1931.
Verbesina howardiana J. Olsen, Phytologia 67: 107. 1989. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica). References: 7, 149, 322.
Reference: 1.
Vernonanthura havanensis (DC.) H. Rob., Phytologia 73: 71. 1992;
Verbesina karsticola Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 76. 1967. Vernonia havanensis DC., Prodr. 5: 37. 1836.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Vernonia cubensis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 144. 1866; Vernonia
Reference: 2. hieracioides Griseb. var. cubensis (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc.
Verbesina leprosa Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 93. 1884. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 268. 1890.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique). Vernonia cubensis Griseb. var. cajalbanensis Ekman ex Urb., Repert.
Reference: 1. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 101. 1929; Vernonia cubensis Griseb.
subsp. cajalbanensis (Ekman ex Urb.) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 58:
Verbesina litoralis Alain = Verbesina domingensis Urb.
177. 1971.
Verbesina nervosa S.F. Blake, Amer. J. Bot. 12: 631. 1925; Vernonia stictophylla C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Chaenocephalus venosus Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 525. 1908. Habana 6: 176. 1869.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 2. References: 136, 151, 152, 322.
Verbesina nodiflora L. = Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Vernonanthura hieracioides (Griseb.) H. Rob., Phytologia 73: 71.
Verbesina persicifolia sensu Griseb. = Verbesina angulata Urb. 1992; Vernonia hieracioides Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 511. 1862.
Vernonia orientis Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 330. 1913.
Verbesina petrobioides (Griseb.) S.F. Blake, Amer. J. Bot. 12: 631. 1925; Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Chaenocephalus petrobioides Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 374. 1861. References: 136, 152, 322.
References: 2, 36, 427. Vernonanthura menthifolia (Poepp. ex Spreng.) H. Rob., Phytologia
Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened 73: 71. 1992; Vernonia menthifolia (Poepp. ex Spreng.) Less, Syst.
Species. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 412. 1826.
Vernonia grisebachii Sch. Bip., J. Bot. 1: 231. 1863.
Verbesina pinnatifida Sw., Prodr. 114. 1788. Vernonia ottonis Sch. Bip., Linnaea 20: 508. 1847.
Verbesina gigantea sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 374.1861, non Jacq. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Jamaica and Cuba. References: 136, 151, 152, 322.
Vernonanthura tuerckheimii (Urb.) H. Rob., Phytologia 73: 74. 1992;
Verbesina portlandiana Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 79. Vernonia tuerckheimii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 421. 1912.
1967. Vernonia microphylla Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 156. 1971.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Vernonia pusilliflora Alain, Phytologia 25: 279. 1973.
Verbesina propinqua (Britton) S.F. Blake, Amer. J. Bot. 12: 632. 1925; Hispaniola.
Chaenocephalus propinquus Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: References: 7, 30, 136, 152, 322.
360. 1910. Vernonia aceratoides Gleason = Lepidaploa sagrana (DC.) H. Rob.
References: 2, 152, 156. Vernonia acuminata Less. = Lepidaploa acuminata (Less.) H. Rob.
Verbesina prostrata L. = Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Vernonia acunae Alain = Lepidaploa pineticola (Gleason) H. Rob.
Verbesina pusilla Poir. = Acmella iodiscaea (A.H. Moore) R.K. Jansen Vernonia albicaulis Vahl ex Pers. = Lepidaploa glabra (Willd.) H. Rob.
Verbesina rupestris (Urb.) S.F. Blake, Amer. J. Bot. 12: 631. 1925; Vernonia albicoma Gleason = Lepidaploa arborescens (L.) H. Rob.
Chaenocephalus rupestris Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 412. 1903. Vernonia angustata Gleason = Lepidaploa gnaphaliifolia (A. Rich.)
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. H. Rob.
Vernonia angusticeps Ekman = Lepidaploa sagrana (DC.) H. Rob.
Species. Vernonia angustissima C. Wright ex Ekman = Lepidaploa sericea
(Rich.) H. Rob.
Verbesina wrightii (A. Gray) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 155. 1866;
Ancistrophora wrightii A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s., 6: Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. = Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.)
457. 1859. Moench
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Vernonia arborescens (L.) Sw. var. divaricata Griseb. = Lepidaploa
Reference: 136. gnaphaliifolia (A. Rich.) H. Rob.
Vernonanthura buxifolia (Less.) H. Rob., Phytologia 73: 69. 1992; Vernonia arborescens (L.) Sw. var. divaricata sensu Stahl = Lepidaploa
Vernonia buxifolia Less., Linnaea 4: 313. 1829; Lepidaploa borinquensis (Urb.) H. Rob.
buxifolia Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 26: 18. 1823.
number 9 8 • 139
Vernonia arborescens (L.) Sw. var. lessingiana Griseb. = Lepidaploa Vernonia grisebachii Sch. Bip. = Vernonanthura menthifolia (Poepp. ex
sericea (Rich.) H. Rob. Spreng.) H. Rob.
Vernonia arborescens (L.) Sw. var. swartziana Griseb. = Lepidaploa Vernonia harrisii S. Moore = Lepidaploa harrisii (S. Moore) H. Rob.
arborescens (L.) H. Rob. Vernonia havanensis DC. = Vernonanthura havanensis (DC.) H. Rob.
Vernonia arborescens (L.) Sw. var. swartziana sensu Stahl = Lepidaploa Vernonia hieracioides Griseb. = Vernonanthura hieracioides (Griseb.)
glabra (Willd.) H. Rob. H. Rob.
Vernonia arborescens sensu DC. = Lepidaploa sericea (Rich.) H. Rob. Vernonia hieracioides Griseb. var. cubensis (Griseb.) M. Gómez =
Vernonia arbuscula Less. = Lepidaploa arbuscula (Less.) H. Rob. Vernonanthura havanensis (DC.) H. Rob.
Vernonia aronifolia Gleason = Lepidaploa aronifolia (Gleason) H. Rob. Vernonia inaequiserrata Sch. Bip. = Lepidaploa sagrana (DC.) H. Rob.
Vernonia bahamensis Griseb. = Lepidaploa arbuscula (Less.) H. Rob. Vernonia insularis Gleason = Vernonia blodgettii Small
Vernonia barkeri Ekman = Vernonanthura fuertesii (Urb.) H. Rob. Vernonia intonsa Gleason = Lepidaploa arborescens (L.) H. Rob.
Vernonia berteroana DC. = Lepidaploa sericea (Rich.) H. Rob. Vernonia jenssenii Urb. = Lepidaploa jenssenii (Urb.) H. Rob.
Vernonia blodgettii Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1160. 1903. Vernonia leonis Alain = Lepidaploa orbicularis (Alain) H. Rob.
Vernonia insularis Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 184. 1906. Vernonia lepidota Griseb. = Ekmania lepidota (Griseb.) Gleason
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and United States (FL).
References: 45, 150, 322. Vernonia leptoclada Sch. Bip. = Lepidaploa leptoclada (Sch. Bip.)
H. Rob.
Vernonia borinquensis Urb. = Lepidaploa borinquensis (Urb.) H. Rob.
Vernonia linguifolia Ekman = Lepidaploa sagrana (DC.) H. Rob.
Vernonia borinquensis Urb. var. hirsuta Gleason = Lepidaploa
borinquensis (Urb.) H. Rob. Vernonia longifolia Pers. var. genuina Urb. = Lepidaploa glabra (Willd.)
H. Rob.
Vernonia borinquensis Urb. var. resinosa Gleason = Lepidaploa
borinquensis (Urb.) H. Rob. Vernonia longifolia Pers. var. sintenisii Urb. = Lepidaploa glabra
(Willd.) H. Rob.
Vernonia borinquensis Urb. var. stahlii Urb. = Lepidaploa borinquensis
(Urb.) H. Rob. Vernonia longifolia Pers. var. vahliana (Less.) Urb. = Lepidaploa glabra
(Willd.) H. Rob.
Vernonia buchii Urb. = Lepidaploa fruticosa (L.) H. Rob.
Vernonia maestralis Ekman ex Urb. = Lepidaploa sericea (Rich.) H. Rob.
Vernonia buxifolia Less. = Vernonanthura buxifolia (Less.) H. Rob.
Vernonia membranacea Griseb. = Lepidaploa gnaphaliifolia (A. Rich.)
Vernonia calida Gleason = Lepidaploa leptoclada (Sch. Bip.) H. Rob. H. Rob.
Vernonia calophylla Gleason = Lepidaploa leptoclada (Sch. Bip.) Vernonia menthifolia (Poepp. ex Spreng.) Less = Vernonanthura
H. Rob. menthifolia (Poepp. ex Spreng.) H. Rob.
Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. = Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob. Vernonia microphylla Alain = Vernonanthura tuerckheimii (Urb.)
Vernonia commutata Ekman = Lepidaploa commutata (Ekman) H. Rob.
H. Rob. Vernonia moensis Alain = Lepidaploa leptoclada (Sch. Bip.) H. Rob.
Vernonia complicata Griseb. = Lepidaploa complicata (Griseb.) H. Rob. Vernonia neglecta Gleason = Lepidaploa leptoclada (Sch. Bip.) H. Rob.
Vernonia corallophila Gleason = Lepidaploa stenophylla (Less.) Vernonia nematophylla Ekman & Urb. = Lepidaploa stenophylla
H. Rob. (Less.) H. Rob.
Vernonia cristalensis Alain = Lepidaploa leptoclada (Sch. Bip.) H. Rob. Vernonia nervosa Alain = Lepidaploa gnaphaliifolia (A. Rich.) H. Rob.
Vernonia cubensis Griseb. = Vernonanthura havanensis (DC.) H. Rob. Vernonia obcordata Gleason = Lepidaploa arbuscula (Less.) H. Rob.
Vernonia cubensis Griseb. var. cajalbanensis Ekman ex Urb. = Vernonia orbicularis Alain = Lepidaploa orbicularis (Alain) H. Rob.
Vernonanthura havanensis (DC.) H. Rob.
Vernonia orientis Gleason = Vernonanthura hieracioides (Griseb.)
Vernonia cubensis Griseb. subsp. cajalbanensis (Ekman ex Urb.) Borhidi H. Rob.
= Vernonanthura havanensis (DC.) H. Rob.
Vernonia ottonis Sch. Bip. = Vernonanthura menthifolia (Poepp. ex
Vernonia desiliens Gleason = Lepidaploa desiliens (Gleason) H. Rob. Spreng.) H. Rob.
Vernonia divaricata Sw. = Lepidaploa arborescens (L.) H. Rob. Vernonia pallescens Gleason = Lepidaploa pallescens (Gleason) H. Rob.
Vernonia domingensis DC. = Vernonanthura buxifolia (Less.) H. Rob. Vernonia parvuliceps Ekman = Lepidaploa arborescens (L.) H. Rob.
Vernonia ekmanii Urb. = Lepidaploa ekmanii (Urb.) H. Rob. Vernonia permollis Gleason = Lepidaploa arborescens (L.) H. Rob.
Vernonia expansa Gleason = Lepidaploa acuminata (Less.) H. Rob. Vernonia phyllostachya (Cass.) Gleason = Lepidaploa sericea (Rich.)
Vernonia fallax Gleason = Lepidaploa sagrana (DC.) H. Rob. H. Rob.
Vernonia fruticosa (L.) Sw. = Lepidaploa fruticosa (L.) H. Rob. Vernonia pinarensis Kitan., Fitologiya 11: 52. 1979.
Vernonia fuertesii (Urb.) H. Rob. = Vernonanthura fuertesii (Urb.)
References: 149, 224, 322.
H. Rob.
Note: Name with doubtful application, we have not seen the type of
Vernonia gnaphaliifolia A. Rich. = Lepidaploa gnaphaliifolia (A. Rich.) this taxon, therefore we have not been able to place it in the right
H. Rob. genus.
Vernonia pineticola Gleason = Lepidaploa pineticola (Gleason) H. Rob. Viguiera dentata (Cav.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 615. 1826.
Viguiera helianthoides Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Vernonia pluvialis Gleason = Lepidaploa pluvialis (Gleason) H. Rob.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. (folio ed.) 4: 177;
Vernonia potrerillona Ekman & Urb. = Lepidaploa sagrana (DC.) 1818; Viguiera dentata (Cav.)Spreng. var. helianthoides (Kunth)
H. Rob. S.F. Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 54: 86. 1918.
Vernonia praestans Ekman & Urb. = Lepidaploa purpurata (Gleason) Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to southwestern United States and
H. Rob. Mexico.
Vernonia praestans Ekman & Urb. var. cacuminis Borhidi & O. Muñiz
= Lepidaploa purpurata (Gleason) H. Rob. Viguiera dentata Spreng. var. helianthoides (Kunth) S.F. Blake =
Viguiera dentata Spreng.
Vernonia proctorii Urbatsch = Lepidaploa proctorii (Urbatsch) H. Rob.
Viguiera helianthoides Kunth = Viguiera dentata Spreng.
Vernonia punctata Sw. ex Wikstr. = Lepidaploa glabra (Willd.) H. Rob.
Wedelia acapulcensis Kunth var. parviceps (S.F. Blake) Strother, Syst.
Vernonia punctata sensu Eggers = Lepidaploa glabra (Willd.) H. Rob. Bot. Monogr. 33: 58. 1991.
Vernonia purpurata Gleason = Lepidaploa purpurata (Gleason) H. Rob. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Mexcio and Central
America.
Vernonia pusilliflora Alain = Vernonanthura tuerckheimii (Urb.) H. Rob.
Reference: 160.
Vernonia racemosa Delponte = Lepidaploa sericea (Rich.) H. Rob.
Wedelia bahamensis (Britton) O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7:
Vernonia reedii Ekman & Urb. = Lepidaploa sagrana (DC.) H. Rob. 106. 1911; Stemmodontia bahamensis Britton, Bull. New York
Vernonia rigida (Sw.) Sw. = Lepidaploa rigida (Sw.) H. Rob. Bot. Gard. 4: 126. 1905.
Vernonia saepia Ekman ex Urb. = Cyrtocymura saepia (Ekman ex Urb.) Common Name: Rong bush (Bahamas).
H. Rob. References: 45, 152.
Vernonia sagrana DC. = Lepidaploa sagrana (DC.) H. Rob. Wedelia baorucana Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 156. 1971.
Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers. = Cyrtocymura scorpioides (Lam.) Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
H. Rob. References: 7, 152.
Vernonia segregata Gleason = Lepidaploa segregata (Gleason) H. Rob. Wedelia brasiliensis (Spreng.) S.F. Blake = Sphagneticola trilobata (L.)
Pruski
Vernonia semitalis Gleason = Lepidaploa gnaphaliifolia (A. Rich.)
H. Rob. Wedelia buphthalmoides (DC.) Griseb. = Wedelia calycina Rich. var.
calycina
Vernonia sericea Rich. = Lepidaploa sericea (Rich.) H. Rob.
Wedelia buphthalmoides (DC.) Griseb. var. antiguensis Griseb. =
Vernonia sericea Rich. subsp. racemosa (Delponte) Ekman var.
Wedelia calycina Rich. var. calycina
angustifolia Ekman = Lepidaploa sericea (Rich.) H. Rob.
Wedelia buphthalmoides (DC.) Griseb. var. dominicensis Griseb. =
Vernonia shaferi Gleason = Lepidaploa glabra (Willd.) H. Rob.
Wedelia calycina Rich. var. calycina
Vernonia sintenisii (Urb.) Gleason = Lepidaploa glabra (Willd.) H. Rob.
Wedelia calycina Rich. in C.H. Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2(2): 490. 1807, var.
Vernonia sprengeliana Sch. Bip. = Lepidaploa sprengeliana (Sch. Bip.) calycina
H. Rob. Anomostephium buphthalmoides DC., Prodr. 5: 560. 1836; Wedelia
Vernonia stenophylla Less. = Lepidaploa stenophylla (Less.) H. Rob. buphthalmoides (DC.) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen
7: 235. 1857; Verbesina buphthalmoides (DC.) M. Gómez, Dicc.
Vernonia stictophylla C. Wright = Vernonanthura havanensis (DC.) Bot. Nombres Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riq. 73. 1889; Stemmodontia
H. Rob. buphthalmoides (DC.) O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins, Contr. U.S.
Vernonia tetrantha (Urb.) Ekman = Piptocarpha tetrantha Urb. Natl. Herb. 8: 244. 1903.
Wedelia buphthalmoides (DC.) Griseb. var. antiguensis Griseb., Fl. Brit.
Vernonia tuerckheimii Urb. = Vernonanthura tuerckheimii (Urb.)
W. I. 372. 1861.
H. Rob.
Wedelia buphthalmoides (DC.) Griseb. var. dominicensis Griseb., Fl.
Vernonia urbaniana Ekman & Urb. = Lepidaploa urbaniana (Ekman & Brit. W. I. 372. 1861.
Urb.) H. Rob. Wedelia calycina Rich. var. parviflora (Rich.) Alain, Brittonia 20: 154.
Vernonia vahliana Less. = Lepidaploa glabra (Willd.) H. Rob. 1968.
Wedelia caracasana DC., Prodr. 5: 541. 1836; Wedelia calycina Rich.
Vernonia valenzuelana A. Rich. = Lepidaploa sagrana (DC.) H. Rob. var. caracasana (DC.) Alain, Phytologia 8: 370. 1962.
Vernonia ventosa Gleason = Lepidaploa arborescens (L.) H. Rob. Wedelia jacquini Rich. in C.H. Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2(2): 490. 1807.
Wedelia jacquini Rich. var. involucrata O.E. Schulz in C.H. Persoon,
Vernonia venusta Gleason = Lepidaploa sericea (Rich.) H. Rob.
Syn. Pl. 2(2): 490. 1807.
Vernonia verticillata Proctor ex C.D. Adams = Lepidaploa verticillata Wedelia parviflora Rich. in C.H. Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2(2): 490. 1807.
(Proctor ex C.D. Adams) H. Rob. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Vernonia vicina Gleason = Lepidaploa glabra (Willd.) H. Rob. (Anegada, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda),
Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica,
Vernonia viminalis Gleason = Lepidaploa viminalis (Gleason) H. Rob. Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat,
Vernonia wrightii Sch. Bip. = Lepidaploa wrightii (Sch. Bip.) H. Rob. Redonda, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
St. Vincent), Trinidad, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and
Vernonia yunquensis Gleason = Lepidaploa yunquensis (Gleason)
South America.
H. Rob.
number 9 8 • 141
Common Names: Marigold, Sousouri, Sousouyou (Lesser Antilles), Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Margarita de las rocas (Puerto Rico). References: 30, 136, 152.
References: 1, 5, 7, 19, 30, 36, 58, 61, 75, 136, 149, 151, 160, 224, Wedelia rugosa Greenm. var. tenuis Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian
301, 323. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(6): 269. 1907.
Wedelia calycina Rich. var. caracasana (DC.) Alain = Wedelia calycina References: 136, 152.
Rich. var. calycina Wedelia serrata Rich. in C.H. Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2(2): 490. 1807, var.
Wedelia calycina Rich. var. parviflora (Rich.) Alain = Wedelia calycina serrata
Rich. var. calycina Calydermos spilanthoides (Griseb.) Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 514. 1862;
Tilesia spilanthoides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 154. 1866.
Wedelia caracasana DC. = Wedelia calycina Rich. var. calycina
Wedelia carnosa sensu authors = Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski Common Names: Feuilles Z’a rein, Plante rageur, Plante regeur (Haiti).
Wedelia ehrenbergii Less., Linnaea 6: 729. 1831, var. ehrenbergii References: 7, 136.
Wedelia longipes Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 411. 1903. Wedelia serrata Rich. var. multidentata O.E. Schulz ex Urb., Repert.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 109. 1929.
Common Names: Santomero, Clavelito santomero, Clavelillo References: 136, 149.
Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. = Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski
References: 5, 7, 30, 136.
Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. var. hirtella O.E. Schulz = Sphagneticola
Wedelia ehrenbergii Less. subsp. veronicifolia (A. Rich.) Borhidi &
trilobata (L.) Pruski
O. Muñiz = Wedelia ehrenbergii Less. var. veronicifolia (A. Rich.)
O.E. Schulz Wedelia urbanii O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 109. 1911.
Wedelia ehrenbergii Less. var. veronicifolia (A. Rich.) O.E. Schulz,
Linnaea 6: 729. 1831; Wedelia veronicifolia A. Rich. in R. de la
Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 53. 1850; Wedelia ehrenbergii Wedelia veronicifolia A. Rich. = Wedelia ehrenbergii Less. var.
Less. subsp. veronicifolia (A. Rich.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. veronicifolia (A. Rich.) O.E. Schulz
Közlem. 62: 27. 1975. Willoughbya hastata (L.) Kuntze = Mikania hastata (L.) Willd.
References: 136, 152. Wulffia baccata (L.) Kuntze = Tilesia baccata (L.) Pruski
Wedelia fructicosa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 28. 1760. Wulffia baccata (L.) Kuntze var. vincentina O.E. Schulz = Tilesia
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Martinique), Tobago, baccata (L.) Pruski
Margarita, and South America; reported as cultivated in Virgin Wulffia havanensis DC. = Tilesia baccata (L.) Pruski
Islands by Britton & Wilson, without citing any island in
Xanthium chinense Mill. = Xanthium strumarium L.
particular.
References: 1, 61, 301, 323. Xanthium echinatum Murray = Xanthium strumarium L.
Wedelia gracilis Rich. = Sphagneticola gracilis (Rich.) Pruski Xanthium italicum Moretti = Xanthium strumarium L.
Wedelia jacquinii Rich. = Wedelia calycina Rich. var. calycina Xanthium longirostre Lam. = Xanthium strumarium L.
Wedelia jacquinii Rich. var. involucrata O.E. Schulz = Wedelia calycina Xanthium macrocarpum DC. = Xanthium strumarium L.
Rich. var. calycina Xanthium occidentale Bertol. = Xanthium strumarium L.
Wedelia lanceolata DC., Prodr. 5: 541. 1836. Xanthium strumarium L., Sp. Pl. 987. 1753.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Xanthium chinense Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
References: 58, 61, 75. Xanthium echinatum Murray, Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 6: 32.
Wedelia longipes Urb. = Wedelia ehrenbergii Less. var. ehrenbergii 1784.
Xanthium italicum Moretti, Giorn. Fis., ser. 2, 5: 326. 1822.
Wedelia paludicola Poepp. = Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski
Xanthium longirostre Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 237. 1842.
Wedelia parviflora Rich. = Wedelia calycina Rich. var. calycina Xanthium macrocarpum DC., Prodr. 5: 523. 1836.
Wedelia reticulata DC., Prodr. 5: 540. 1836. Xanthium occidentale Bertol., Lucubr. Re Herb. 38. 1822.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico,
and Puerto Rico. Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), and Lesser Antilles
Common Names: Careicillo amarillo, Carey (Cuba), Clavelillo de (Anguilla, Antigua, Dominica, Martinique, Nevis); native to North
monte (Dominican Republic), Manzanilla del monte (Puerto Rico). America.
References: 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 132, 136, 340. Common Names: Common cocklebur (Bahamas), Guizazo de caballos
(Cuba), Cadillo de gato, Gatico (Dominican Republic), Cadillo de
Wedelia rugosa Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(6): tres pies (Haiti), Burrweed, Zaydri couchou (Lesser Antilles).
268. 1907, var. rugosa References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 152, 224, 230, 383, 340.
Common Name: Romerillo amarillo (Cuba).
References: 132, 136. Xeranthemum bracteatum Vent. = Helichrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Andr.
Wedelia rugosa Greenm. var. nitens O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Youngia japonica (L.) DC., Prodr. 7(1): 194. 1838; Prenanthes japonica
Antill. 7: 112. 1911. L., Mant. Pl. 1: 107. 1767; Crepis japonica (L.) Benth., Fl. Hongk.
194. 1861.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Eupatorium medullosum Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 393. 1903.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), and Lesser The Application of this name is doubtful as the type seem to be a
Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Saba); probably native to southeast mixture of two collections, from Martinique. King and Robinson
Asia. referred this name to the genus Chromolaena, but did not make a
References: 2, 7, 40, 45, 58, 136, 149, 220, 224, 230, 383. combination.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Eupatorium menthifolium Poepp. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 412.
*Zemisia discolor (Sw.) B. Nord., Comp. Newsl. 44: 72. 2006; 1826.
Cineraria discolor Sw., Prodr. 114. 1788; Pentacalia discolor (Sw.) Distribution: Cuba.
H. Rob., J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 311. 1982; Senecio discolor (Sw.) References: 136, 152.
DC., Prodr. 6: 412. 1838. Note: Name of unknown application.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Wedelia ehrenbergii Less. var. mayerhoffii O.E. Schulz in I. Urban,
References: 2, 42. Symb. Antill. 7: 111. 1911.
Zinnia angustifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Reference: 30.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 4: 197. 1818. Note: A taxon described as endemic to Hispaniola, however, the name
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to North America. has not been used by modern botanists.
References: 7, 159.
Zinnia elegans Jacq., Collectanea 3: 152. 1791 [“1789”]; Crassina
elegans (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891. Balanophoraceae
Antilles (St. Lucia); native to Mexico.
Common Names: Cagigal, Cajigal, Clavellina, Damasquina, Moyita,
Rascamaños, Reina luisa, Reina margarita (Cuba), Celia, Escopeta Cynomorium cayenense Sw. = Helosis cayenensis (Sw.) Spreng. var.
(Dominican Republic). cayenensis
References: 1, 7, 58, 61, 136, 152, 223, 224.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Cynomorium jamaicense Sw. = Scybalium jamaicense (Sw.) Schott &
Endl.
Zinnia multiflora L. = Zinnia peruviana (L.) L.
Helosis cayenensis (Sw.) Spreng. var. mexicana (Liebm.) B. Hansen,
Zinnia peruviana (L.) L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1221. 1759; Chrysogonum Bot. Tidsskr. 72: 188. 1978.
peruvianum L., Sp. Pl. 920. 1753. Helosis guyanensis Rich., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 416. 1822.
Crassina multiflora (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891; Zinnia Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique,
multiflora L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1269. 1763. St. Lucia ), Mexico, and Central America.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and References: 3, 105.
Virgin Islands (Virgin Gorda); native to southwestern United
States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Helosis guyanensis Rich. = Helosis cayenensis (Sw.) Spreng. var.
Common Names: Celia, Escopeta, Mariela, Zinnia (Dominican mexicana (Liebm.) B. Hansen
Republic), Bouton d’or (Haiti), Cabrón, Clavelón, Escopetón, Helosis jamaicensis (Sw.) Rich. = Scybalium jamaicense (Sw.) Schott &
Eterno, Zinia, Zinia del monte (Puerto Rico). Endl.
References: 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 131, 136, 224, 340.
Phyllocoryne jamaicensis (Sw.) Hook. f. = Scybalium jamaicense (Sw.)
Schott & Endl.
Zinnia violacea Cav., Icon. 1: 57. 1791.
Scybalium jamaicense (Sw.) Schott & Endl., Melet. Bot. 12. 1832;
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Mexico.
Cynomorium jamaicense Sw., Prodr. 12. 1788; Helosis jamaicensis
Reference: 159.
(Sw.) Rich., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 432. 1822; Phyllocoryne
DOUBTFUL NAMES jamaicensis (Sw.) Hook. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 22: 31. 1856.
Eupatorium buchii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 9. 1921. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Described from Haiti, and apparently a Koanophyllon, but belonging to Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.
a complex with unresolved taxonomic status. Common Names: Retoño de la tierra (Dominican Republic), John crow
nose (Jamaica).
Eupatorium bullulatum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 67. 1931. References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 105, 123, 151.
Described from Haiti, but of unknown application, type is a sterile Note: Known in Puerto Rico from a single, old collection.
specimen.
Eupatorium constanzae Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 422. 1912.
Apparently a Koanophyllon, but belonging to a complex with Balsaminaceae
unresolved taxonomic status.
Eupatorium jacquemontii Urb., Repert. Spec. nov. Regni Veg. 17: 50.
1921.
A species known only from the type; possibly a Koanophyllon, but we Impatiens balsamina L., Sp. Pl. 938. 1753.
have not been able to study the type to make this determination. Distribution: Naturalized in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Eupatorium larcheanum Urb., Repert. Spec. nov. Regni Veg. 17: 52. Rico, Virgin Islands, and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica,
1921. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia);
A species little known to us, possibly a Koanophyllon. Recent material native to tropical Asia.
cited by Liogier (7), but some of them refer to Koanophyllon Common Names: Espuela, Espuela de gallo, Jardines, Madama,
gabbii (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Miramelindo, Nicaragua (Cuba), Capricho, Espolines, Espuela de
number 9 8 • 143
caballero, Espuelilla, Espuelina, Espuelines (Dominican Republic), Bataceae

Balsamine, Balsamine des jardins, Belle z’amie, Impatience
(Haiti), Gekweekt, Impatience (Lesser Antilles), Espuela de galán, Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0.
Miramelinda (Puerto Rico). Taxa. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150, 159, 224.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO; reported by Britto & Batis maritima L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1289. 1759.
Wilson for the Virgin Islands, but no island indicated. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. in D. Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 302. 1868. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St.
Impatiens sultanii Hook. f., Bot. Mag. 108: t. 6643. 1882. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua,
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts,
(Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia); native to tropical Africa. St. Martin), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, North America,
Common Names: Balsamine, Impatience (Lesser Antilles), Alegría, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Besos, Miramelinda (Puerto Rico). Common Names: Saltwort, Turtle-weed (Bahamas), Barrilla, Peregil de
References: 1, 7, 58, 61, 131, 150, 151, 159. costa, Peregil de playa, Perejil de costa, Platanito, Verdolaguilla
blanca, Yerba de vidrio (Cuba), Barrilla, Verdolaga rosada
(Dominican Republic), Crisse marin marron, Crisse marine
Basellaceae (Haiti), Jamaican samphire (Jamaica), Barilla, Planta de sal (Puerto
Rico), Saltwort (Virgin Islands).
Genera. Total: 2; native: 1; endemic: 0. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61, 323, 340.
Anredera baselloides (Kunth) Baill., Hist. Pl. 9: 147. 1887; Begoniaceae

Boussingaultia baselloides Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 7: 196. 1825. Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to South America. Taxa. Total: 55; native: 42; endemic: 39.
Common Name: Suelda con suelda (Dominican Republic).
References: 6, 7, 61, 123, 156. Begonia abbottii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 192. 1922.
Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis, Fl. Males., ser. 1, Spermat. 5(3): Reference: 7.
303. 1957.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to South America. Begonia aconitifolia A. DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 11: 127. 1859.
References: 32, 150, 252. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Brazil.
References: 7, 159.
Anredera leptostachys (Moq.) Steenis = Anredera vesicaria (Lam.) C.F.
Gaertn. Begonia acutifolia Balb. = Begonia decandra Pav. ex A. DC.
Anredera scandens sensu Bello = Anredera vesicaria (Lam.) C.F. Gaertn. Begonia acutifolia Jacq., Collectanea 1: 128. 1787 [“1786”].
Begonia obliqua sensu León & Alain, Fl. Cuba 3: 355. 1953, non L.
Anredera vesicaria (Lam.) C.F. Gaertn., Suppl. Carp. 176. 1807; Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica.
Basella vesicaria Lam., Encycl. 1: 382. 1785. References: 2, 3, 39, 176.
Anredera leptostachys (Moq.) Steenis, Fl. Males., ser. 1, Spermat. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
5(3): 302. 1957; Boussingaultia leptostachys Moq. in A.L.P.P. de Cuba (39).
Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 229. 1849.
Anredera scandens sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 106. Begonia acutifolia Sw. = Begonia jamaicensis A. DC.
1883, non Moq. Begonia alcarrasica J. Sierra, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, 10(2): 104. 1990 [“1989”].
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, References: 39, 176.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia), North Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
America, Central America, and South America. Cuba (39).
Common Names: Consuelda, Suelda con suelda (Puerto Rico).
Begonia azuensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 91. 1930.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 151, 340.
Basella alba L., Sp. Pl. 272. 1753. Reference: 7.
Basella rubra L., Sp. Pl. 272. 1753.
Begonia banaoensis J. Sierra, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana
10(2): 106. 1990 [“1989”].
Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), and Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
Barbuda, St. Lucia); pantropical.
Reference: 176.
Common Names: Country spinach (Bahamas), Country spinach
(Jamaica), Malabar spinach (Lesser Antilles), Acelga trepadora, Begonia barahonensis (O.E. Schulz) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Bretaña, Espinaca de Nueva Zelandia, Libato (Puerto Rico). Veg. 18: 193. 1922; Begonia plumieri DC. var. barahonensis O.E.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58, 224, 231, 340. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 23. 1911.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
References: 7, 30.
Basella rubra L. = Basella alba L.
Begonia bissei J. Sierra, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 10(2):
Basella vesicaria Lam. = Anredera vesicaria (Lam.) C.F. Gaertn.
105. 1990 [“1989”].
Boussingaultia baselloides Kunth = Anredera baselloides (Kunth) Baill. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Boussingaultia leptostachys Moq. = Anredera vesicaria (Lam.) C.F. Gaertn. References: 39, 176.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Common Names: Begonia, Begonia de poeta, Begonia de sierra,
Cuba (39). Begonia nativa, Corazón de poeta (Puerto Rico).
References: 58, 61, 131, 152.
Begonia bolleana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 92. 1930.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Begonia domingensis A. DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 11: 124. 1859,
Common Names: Cocaria, Ocaria (Dominican Republic). var. domingensis
Common Names: Cocaria, Ocaria (Dominican Republic).
Begonia brachyclada Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 99. 1930.
Reference: 7. Begonia domingensis A. DC. var. oligostemon Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Regni Veg. 18: 192. 1922.
Begonia brachypoda O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 15.
1911.
Reference: 7.
Begonia brachypoda O.E. Schulz var. pilosula O.E. Schulz ex O.C.
Schmidt, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32: 86. 1933. Begonia dominicalis A. DC. = Begonia obliqua L.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Begonia ekmanii Houghton ex L.B. Sm. & B.G. Schub. = Begonia
Common Names: Cocaria, Ocaria, Pinkish shade (Dominican cowellii Nash
Republic).
References: 5, 7, 30, 123. Begonia exilis O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 7. 1911.
Begonia bullata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 98. 1930. References: 5, 7, 30.
Reference: 7. Begonia cf. falcifolia Hook. f., Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5707. 1868.
Distribution: Exotic (escaped) in Puerto Rico; native to Peru.
Begonia coccinea Hook., Bot. Mag. 69: t. 3990. 1843. Reference: 254.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Puerto Rico; native to Brazil.
Common Name: Begonia ala de ángel (Cuba). Begonia fischeri Schrank, Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac. 2: t. 59. 1820.
References: 58, 132, 151, 159, 252. Begonia fischeri Schrank var. tovarensis (Klotzsch) Irmsch., Bot. Jahrb.
Syst. 76: 23. 1953; Begonia tovarensis Klotzsch, Abh. Königl.
Begonia convolvulacea (Klotzsch) A. DC. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854: 122. 1855.
Bras. 4(1): 367. 1861. Begonia patula Haw., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 40: 245. 1950.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica and Puerto Rico; native to Brazil. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and
Begonia cowellii Nash, Addisonia 1: 9. 1916. References: 2, 39, 149, 151, 176.
Begonia ekmanii Houghton ex L.B. Sm. & B.G. Schub., Contr. Gray Note: Considered extinct by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Herb. 154: 23. 1945. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Begonia fischeri Schrank var. tovarensis (Klotzsch) Irmsch. = Begonia
References: 3, 39, 156, 176. fischeri Schrank
Note: Considered extinct by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39). Begonia glaberrima Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 99. 1930.
Begonia cubensis Hassk., Hort. Bogor. Descr. 342. 1858. References: 7, 357.
Begonia cubincola A. DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 11: 124. 1859.
Begonia lindeniana A. DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 11: 123. 1859. Begonia glabra Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 916. 1775.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, Margarita, Mexico,
Common Name: Begonia (Cuba). Central America, and South America.
References: 3, 39, 132, 176. Common Name: Begonia (Cuba).
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 2, 3, 132, 151, 323.
Cuba (39). Begonia guaduensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Begonia cubincola A. DC. = Begonia cubensis Hassk. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 7: 178. 1825.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to northern South America.
Begonia cucullata Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 414. 1805, var. cucullata References: 2, 357.
Begonia cucullata Willd. var. hookeri (Sweet) L.B. Sm. & B.G. Schub.,
Darwiniana 5: 104. 1941. Begonia heracleifolia Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 603. 1830.
Begonia semperflorens Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 9: t. 5. 1828. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native to
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Mexico and Central America.
Antilles (Guadeloupe); native to South America. Common Names: Begonia, Begonia peluda (Cuba).
Common Names: Begonia, Begonia enana florida, Begonia References: 7, 58, 61, 132, 159, 252.
semperflorens (Cuba). Begonia hirtella Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 396. 1822.
References: 7, 30, 58, 61, 132, 150, 151, 159, 176, 252, 254. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles
Begonia cucullata Willd. var. hookeri (Sweet) L.B. Sm. & B.G. Schub. = (Guadeloupe, Martinique); native to South America.
Begonia cucullata Willd. var. cucullata Common Name: Oseille-bois (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 150, 252.
Begonia decandra Pav. ex A. DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 11: 122.
1859. Begonia humilis Dryand. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 353. 1789.
Begonia acutifolia Balb., Kl. Begon. 25. 1855, nom. illeg. Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Begonia portoricensis A. DC., Prodr. 15 (1): 295. 1864. St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, and South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Common Name: Oseille-bois (Lesser Antilles).
number 9 8 • 145
Begonia incarnata Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 4: 37. 1829. Begonia obliqua L., Sp. Pl. 1056. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, and Hispaniola; native to Mexico. Begonia dominicalis A. DC., Fl. Brit. W. I. 304. 1860.
Common Name: Begonia (Cuba). Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
References: 7, 132. Martinique).
Common Names: Ciriel, L’eau zay, Loze, Oseille-bois (Lesser Antilles).
Begonia jamaicensis A. DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 11: 124. 1859.
References: 1, 3, 152, 176.
Begonia purpurea Sw., Prodr. 86. 1788.
Begonia acutifolia Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2(2): 994. 1800. Begonia patula Haw. = Begonia fischeri Schrank
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Begonia pendula O.E. Schulz = Begonia pensilis L.B. Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia pensilis L.B. Sm. & Wassh., Phytologia 54: 469. 1984.
Begonia leivae J. Sierra, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 10(2): Begonia pendula O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 7. 1911.
103. 1990 [“1989”]. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent).
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Begonia platyptera Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 94. 1930.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Reference: 7.
Begonia leuconeura Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 97. 1930.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Begonia plumieri Kunth ex A. DC., Prodr. 15 (1): 295. 1864.
References: 5, 7.
Begonia libanensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 217. 1925.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Begonia plumieri A. DC. var. barahonensis O.E. Schulz = Begonia
References: 3, 39, 176. barahonensis (O.E. Schulz) Urb.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Begonia portoricensis A. DC. = Begonia decandra Pav. ex A. DC.
Cuba (39).
Begonia purdieana A. DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 11: 124. 1859.
Begonia lindeniana A. DC. = Begonia cubensis Hassk. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Begonia linearifolia J. Sierra, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 12: Reference: 2.
43. 1993 [“1991”]. Begonia purpurea Sw. = Begonia acutifolia Jacq.
Begonia stenophylla J. Sierra, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana
Begonia pycnantha Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 93. 1930.
10(1): 18. 1990 [“1989”], nom. illeg.
Reference: 7.
Note: Considered extinct by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Begonia repens Lam., Encycl. 1: 394. 1785.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 5, 7.
Begonia lomensis Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 43.
1923. Begonia retusa O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 20. 1911.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St.
References: 3, 39, 156, 176. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts).
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 1, 30.
Cuba (39). Begonia rex Putz., Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 12. 141. 1857.
Begonia maculata Raddi, Mem. Mat. Fis. Soc. Ital. Sci. Modena, Pt. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to India and
Mem. Fis. 18: 406. 1820. Himalayas.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to South America. Common Name: Begonia (Cuba).
Common Names: Begonia, Begonia manchada (Cuba). References: 7, 132, 357.
References: 7, 132, 159. Begonia x ricinifolia A. Dietr., Allg. Gartenzeitung 15. 282. 1847.
Begonia maestrensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 216. 1925. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Begonia, Begonia de hojas de ricino (Cuba).
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Begonia rotundifolia Lam., Encycl. 1: 394. 1785.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Begonia minor Jacq., Collectanea 1: 126. 1787 [“1786”]. References: 5, 7.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Begonia schulziana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 96. 1930.
Begonia nelumbiifolia Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 604. 1830. Reference: 7.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native from Begonia semperflorens Link & Otto = Begonia cucullata Willd. var.
Mexico to Colombia. cucullata
Common Names: Begonia nelumbiforme, Begonia (Cuba).
References: 7, 58, 61, 132, 224, 252, 357. Begonia stenophylla J. Sierra = Begonia linearifolia J. Sierra
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Begonia tovarensis Klotzsch = Begonia fischeri Schrank
Begonia notiophila Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 90. 1930. Begonia vincentina O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 14. 1911.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Begonia vincentina O.E. Schulz var. scopulicola O.E. Schulz in I. Urban,
Reference: 7. Symb. Antill. 7: 15. 1911.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent). Amphilophium paniculatum (L.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt,
Common Name: Hunter-man blossom (Lesser Antilles). A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 149.
References: 1, 30. 1819; Bignonia paniculata L., Sp. Pl. 623. 1753.
Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Begonia vincentina O.E. Schulz var. scopulicola O.E. Schulz = Begonia
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central
vincentina O.E. Schulz in I. Urban
Begonia wrightiana A. DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 11: 123. 1859. Common Names: Liane à canots (Lesser Antilles), Liana de cuello
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (Puerto Rico).
Common Name: Mosaico (Cuba). References: 1, 32, 58, 61, 75, 131, 340.
References: 3, 39, 132, 176.
Amphitecna latifolia (Mill.) A.H. Gentry, Taxon 25: 108. 1976;
Crescentia latifolia Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Enallagma
Cuba (39).
latifolia (Mill.) Small, Fl. Miami 171. 1913.
EXCLUDED SPECIES Crescentia coriacea Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 177. 1868.
Crescentia cucurbitina L., Mant. Pl. 2: 250. 1771; Enallagma
Begonia x erythrophylla Hort. ex Herincq, Rev. Hort., ser. 3(1): 111. 1847.
cucurbitina (L.) Baill. ex K. Schum. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E.
Reference: 7.
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 247. 1894.
Note: A doubtful record, reported as exotic in Hispaniola.
Crescentia cucurbitina L. var. heterophylla Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:
479. 1891.
Crescentia elongata Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 178. 1868.
BerberidaceaE
Crescentia lethifera Tussac, Fl. Antill. 4: 50. 1827.
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles
(Dominica, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Vincent), Mexico,
Berberis tenuifolia Lindl., Edward’s Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 64. 1838. Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Mexico. Common Names: Guira cimarrona, Higüerillo galión, Higúerillo jamo,
References: 3, 159. Higüero de río, Huguerillo (Dominican Republic), Bashe marrón,
Calebasse marrón, Calebasse zombi (Haiti), Black calabash (Lesser
Antilles).
Bignoniaceae References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 64, 75, 104, 123, 150, 151, 340.
Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) Verlot, Rev. Hort. 40: 154. 1868;
Genera. Total: 28; native: 16; endemic: 2. Bignonia chica Humb. & Bonpl., Pl. Aequinoct. 1: 107. 1807.
Taxa. Total: 121; native: 98; endemic: 83. Adenocalymma portoricensis A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 186. 1888.
Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John), Lesser
Adenocalymma grenadense Urb. = Adenocalymma inundatum Mart. Antilles (Dominica), Central America, and South America.
Adenocalymma inundatum Mart. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: References: 1, 19, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 151.
201. 1836. Note: This species is currently being transferred into the genus
Adenocalymma grenadense Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: Fridericia by L.G. Lohman.
306. 1916. Arrabidaea magnifica (W. Bull) Sprague ex Steenis = Bignonia magnifica
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, St. Vincent), Mexico, W. Bull
Reference: 1. Arrabidaea podopogon (DC.) A.H. Gentry, Rhodora 79: 439. 1977;
Spathodea podopogon DC., Prodr. 9: 205. 1845; Macfadyena
Adenocalymma obovatum Urb. = Mansoa hymenaea (DC.) A.H. Gentry podopogon (DC.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 195. 1866.
Adenocalymma portoricense A. Stahl = Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and Central America.
Bonpl.) Verlot References: 3, 151, 152.
Note: This species is currently being transferred into the genus
Amphilophium crucigerum (L.) L.G. Lohman, Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc.
Fridericia by L.G. Lohman.
Venezuela 270. 2008; Bignonia crucigera L., Sp. Pl. 624. 1753;
Pithecoctenium crucigerum (L.) A. H. Gentry, Taxon 24: 123. 1975. Batocydia unguis (L. ex DC.) Mart. ex DC. = Dolichandra unguis-cati
Pithecoctenium echinatum (Jacq.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 10: 8. 1888. (L.) L.G. Lohman
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico, Central Bignonia aequinoctialis L., Sp. Pl. 623. 1753; Cydista aequinoctialis
America, and South America. (L.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3: 191. 1863.
Common Name: Monkey comb (Jamaica). Bignonia spectabilis Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 80. 1794.
References: 2, 3, 159. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Amphilophium lactiflorum (Vahl) L.G. Lohman, Nuevo Cat. Fl. (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Vasc. Venezuela 271. 2008; Bignonia lactiflora Vahl, Symb. Bot. Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie
3: 80. 1794; Distictis lactiflora (Vahl) DC., Prodr. 9: 191. 1845; Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Central
Macrodiscus lactiflorus (Vahl) Bureau ex K. Schum. in H.G.A. America, and South America.
Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 216. 1894. Common Names: Bejuco blanco, Bejuco de canasta (Dominican
Bignonia odorata Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 293. 1881. Republic), Liane-crabe (Lesser Antilles), Bejuco blanco, Liana de
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, sierra (Puerto Rico), Guard wiss (Virgin Islands).
Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas). References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 30, 32, 75, 123, 131, 150, 323, 340.
Common Names: Bejuco de culebra (Dominican Republic), Liane Bignonia africana Lam. = Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth.
blanche (Haiti), Liana fragante, Viuda (Puerto Rico).
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 151, 340. Bignonia alliacea Lam. = Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry
number 9 8 • 147
Bignonia caerulea L. = Jacaranda caerulea (L.) Juss. Campsis radicans (L.) Bureau, Monogr. Bignon. 2(Atlas): 16. 1864;
Bignonia radicans L., Sp. Pl. 624. 1753.
Bignonia capensis Thunb. = Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to North America.
Bignonia caryophyllea Bello = Tynanthus polyanthus (Bureau) Sandwith References: 7, 61, 159.
Bignonia chica Humb. & Bonpl. = Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) Catalpa brevipes Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 12. 1927.
Verlot Catalpa ekmaniana Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 61. 1929; Catalpa
Bignonia corymbosa (Vent.) L.G. Lohman, Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. brevipes Urb. subsp. ekmaniana (Urb.) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 58:
Venezuela 272. 2008; Phryganocydia corymbosa (Vent.) Bureau 177. 1971.
in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 224. Catalpa oblongata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 61. 1929;
1894. Catalpa brevipes Urb. subsp. oblongata (Urb. & Ekman ex Urb.)
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 58: 177. 1971.
Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Martinique, St. Lucia, Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
St. Vincent), and Margarita; native to Central America and South Hispaniola.
America. References: 3, 5, 7, 39, 149, 427.
References: 32, 61, 151, 223, 323. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Bignonia cranalis Krause = Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers Species.
Bignonia crucigera L. = Amphilophium crucigerum (L.) L.G. Lohman Catalpa brevipes Urb. subsp. ekmaniana (Urb.) Borhidi = Catalpa
Bignonia diversifolia Kunth, in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. brevipes Urb.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 133. 1819; Catalpa brevipes Urb. subsp. oblongata (Urb. & Ekman ex Urb.)
Cydista diversifolia (Kunth) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London Borhidi = Catalpa brevipes Urb.
3: 192. 1863.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Catalpa denticulata Urb. = Catalpa purpurea Griseb.
Reference: 3. Catalpa domingensis Urb. & Ekman= Catalpa macrocarpa (A. Rich.)
Bignonia gnaphalantha A. Rich. = Tabebuia lepidophylla (A. Rich.) Ekman & Urb.
Greenm. Catalpa ekmaniana Urb. = Catalpa brevipes Urb.
Bignonia gracilis G. Lodd. = Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G. Lohman Catalpa longissima (Jacq.) Dum. Cours., Bot. Cult. 2: 190. 1802;
Bignonia haemantha Bertero ex Spreng. = Tabebuia haemantha (Bertero Bignonia longissima Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 25. 1760.
ex Spreng.) DC. Bignonia pseudoquercus Tussac, Fl. Antill. 4: 118. 1827.
Bignonia quercus Lam., Encycl. 1: 417. 1785.
Bignonia lactiflora Vahl = Amphilophium lactiflorum (Vahl) L.G. Lohman Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
Bignonia lepidophylla A. Rich. = Tabebuia lepidophylla (A. Rich.) Jamaica; exotic in Cayman Islands, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, and
Greenm. Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique).
Common Names: Aguacatillo, Capá, Roble, Péndola, Roble prieto
Bignonia lepidota Kunth = Tabebuia lepidota (Kunth) Britton
(Dominican Republic), Bois chêne, Bois chien, Chene, Chene
Bignonia leucoxylon L. = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton hatien, Chenier (Haiti), French oak, Mast wood, Yoke wood
Bignonia longissima Jacq. = Catalpa longissima (Jacq.) Dum. Cours. (Jamaica), Chêne d’amérique, Chêne noir, Pois doux marron,
Radegonde (Lesser Antilles), Haiti catalpa, Roble dominicano
Bignonia magnifica W. Bull, Gard. Chron. 2: 73. 1879; Arrabidaea (Puerto Rico).
magnifica (W. Bull) Sprague ex Steenis, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 40, 45, 58, 123, 131.
24: 830. 1927; Saritaea magnifica (W. Bull) Dugand, Caldasia 3:
263. 1945. Catalpa macrocarpa (A. Rich.) Ekman & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico; native to Antill. 9: 254. 1924; Echites macrocarpa A. Rich. in R. de la
South America. Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 94. 1850.
References: 2, 7, 32, 58. Catalpa domingensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 63. 1929;
Catalpa punctata Griseb. var. domingensis (Urb. & Ekman)
Bignonia microphylla Lam. = Tabebuia microphylla (Lam.) Urb. Paclt, Candollea 13: 273. 1952; Catalpa punctata Griseb. subsp.
Bignonia odorata Bello = Amphilophium lactiflorum (Vahl) L.G. Lohman domingensis (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 58: 177. 1971.
Catalpa obovata Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 62. 1929.
Bignonia pallida Lindl. = Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers
Catalpa punctata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 192. 1866; Macrocatalpa
Bignonia paniculata L. = Amphilophium paniculatum (L.) Kunth punctata (Griseb.) Britton, J. New. York Bot. Gard. 19: 8. 1918.
Bignonia pseudoquercus Tussac = Catalpa longissima (Jacq.) Dum. Cours. Catalpa punctata Griseb. var. domingensis (Urb. & Ekman) Paclt f.
urbanii Paclt, Candollea 13: 274. 1952.
Bignonia quercus Lam. = Catalpa longissima (Jacq.) Dum. Cours. Catalpa punctata Griseb. var. lepidota Bureau, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist.
Bignonia radicans L. = Campsis radicans (L.) Bureau. Nat., ser. 3, 6: 206. 1894.
Catalpa punctata Griseb. var. pubescens Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 192.
Bignonia spectabilis Vahl = Bignonia aequinoctialis L.
1866.
Bignonia stans L. = Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth Macrocatalpa tomentosa Bisse, Árboles de Cuba 73. 1981, nom. illeg.
Bignonia uncata Andrews = Dolichandra uncata (Andr.) L.G. Lohman Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, and
Hispaniola.
Bignonia unguis L. = Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G. Lohman Common Names: Roble de olor, Roble dulce, Sabina (Cuba).
Bignonia unguis-cati L. = Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G. Lohman References: 3, 7, 30, 45, 132, 559.
Bignonia venusta Ker Gawl. = Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers Catalpa oblongata Urb. & Ekman = Catalpa brevipes Urb.
Catalpa obovata Urb. = Catalpa macrocarpa (A. Rich.) Ekman & Urb. Crescentia elongata Miers = Amphitecna latifolia (Mill.) A.H. Gentry
Catalpa punctata Griseb. = Catalpa macrocarpa (A. Rich.) Ekman & Urb. Crescentia fasciculata Miers = Crescentia cujete L.
Catalpa punctata Griseb. var. domingensis (Urb. & Ekman ex Urb.) Crescentia latifolia Mill. = Amphitecna latifolia (Mill.) A.H. Gentry
Paclt = Catalpa macrocarpa (A. Rich.) Ekman & Urb. Crescentia lethifera Tussac = Amphitecna latifolia (Mill.) A.H. Gentry
Catalpa punctata Griseb. subsp. domingensis (Urb. & Ekman ex Urb.) Crescentia linearifolia Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 172. 1868.
Borhidi = Catalpa macrocarpa (A. Rich.) Ekman & Urb. Crescentia microcarpa Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 294. 1881.
Catalpa punctata Griseb. var. domingensis (Urb. & Ekman ex Urb.) Paclt Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
f. urbanii Paclt = Catalpa macrocarpa (A. Rich.) Ekman & Urb. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (St. Barthélemy, St. Martin),
and Mexico.
Catalpa punctata Griseb. var. lepidota Bureau = Catalpa macrocarpa
Common Names: Güira cimarrona, Higuerito (Dominican Republic),
(A. Rich.) Ekman & Urb.
Calebasse marron, Petite calebasse des bois (Haiti), Higüerito
Catalpa punctata Griseb. var. pubescens Griseb. = Catalpa macrocarpa (Puerto Rico).
(A. Rich.) Ekman & Urb. References: 1, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 75, 104, 123, 131, 151, 152, 340.
Catalpa purpurea Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 192. 1866; Macrocatalpa Crescentia microcarpa Bello = Crescentia linearifolia Miers
purpurea (Griseb.) Britton, J. New. York Bot. Gard. 19: 9. 1918.
Crescentia mirabilis Ekman ex Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22:
Catalpa denticulata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 12. 1927;
88. 1925.
Catalpa purpurea Griseb. f. denticulata (Urb.) Paclt, Candollea 13:
277. 1952.
References: 3, 39, 104, 156.
Hispaniola.
Cuba (39).
Crescentia portoricensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 457. 1916.
Catalpa purpurea Griseb. f. denticulata (Urb.) Paclt = Catalpa purpurea
Griseb.
References: 39, 58, 61, 104, 152, 156, 633.
Cotema apiculata Britton = Spirotecoma apiculata (Britton) Alain Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Cotema holguinensis Britton = Spirotecoma holguinensis (Britton) Alain Cydista aequinoctialis (L.) Miers = Bignonia aequinoctialis L.
Cotema spiralis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Britton & P. Wilson = Cydista diversifolia Miers = Bignonia diversifolia Kunth
Spirotecoma spiralis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Pichon
Distictis gnaphalantha (A. Rich.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Cotema woodfredensis Britton = Spirotecoma holguinensis (Britton) 14: 310. 1916, subsp. gnaphalantha
Alain Bignonia gnaphalantha A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Crescentia aculeata Kunth = Parmentiera aculeata (Kunth) Seem. 11: 105. 1850.
Crescentia alata Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & Common Name: Pata de rana (Cuba).
C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 158. 1819. Reference: 3.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe); Note: Distictis is treated as congeneric with Amphilophium by L.G.
native from Mexico to Costa Rica. Lohman. New combinations of species currently listed here as
References: 1, 58, 104. Distictis will soon be published by her in Amphilophium.
Crescentia coriacea Miers = Amphitecna latifolia (Mill.) A.H. Gentry Distictis gnaphalantha (A. Rich.) Urb. subsp. rhynchocarpa (Urb.)
Crescentia cucurbitina L. = Amphitecna latifolia (Mill.) A.H. Gentry Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 58: 176. 1971; Distictis
rhynchocarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 253. 1924.
Crescentia cucurbitina L. var. heterophylla Kuntze = Amphitecna
latifolia (Mill.) A.H. Gentry
Crescentia cujete L., Sp. Pl. 626. 1753.
Distictis lactiflora (Vahl) DC. = Amphilophium lactiflorum (Vahl) L.G.
Crescentia fasciculata Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 171. 1868.
Lohman
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, Distictis rhynchocarpa Urb. = Distictis gnaphalantha (A. Rich.) Urb.
St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser subsp. rhynchocarpa (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Distictis staminea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61:
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, 497. 1974; Wunschmannia staminea (Lam.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5:
Nevis, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, 494. 1908; Bignonia staminea Lam., Encycl. 1: 421. 1785.
St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Common Names: Bejuco blanco, Os du rein, Zorain (Dominican
Common Names: Calabash-tree (Bahamas), Güira, Güira cimarrona, Republic), Liane os du rein, Liane zorain, Liane zorin (Haiti).
Güira común, Güira de vaca, Güira jía, Güira larga, Güira References: 5, 7, 123.
redonda, Totuma (Cuba), Guiro, Higüero, Higüero galión, Jigüero
(Dominican Republic), Calebasse, Calebasse marrón, Calebassier, Dolichandra uncata (Andr.) L.G. Lohman, Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc.
Higuere, Petite calebasse des bois, Petite cerise (Haiti), Calabash Venezuela 273. 2008; Bignonia uncata Andrews, Bot. Repos. 8:
tree (Jamaica), Calabash, Calebassier (Lesser Antilles), Higüera, t. 530. 1808; Macfadyena uncata (Andr.) Sprague & Sandwith,
Higüero (Puerto Rico), Calabash (Virgin Islands). Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 34: 215. 1937.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 64, 75, 104, 123, 131, 132, Distribution: Native Lesser Antilles (Barbados, St. Lucia), Mexico, Central
224, 323, 340. America, and South America; reported for Cuba by Howard (1).
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Reference: 1.
number 9 8 • 149
Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G. Lohman, Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S. Grose, Syst. Bot. 32: 666. 2007;
Venezuela 273. 2008; Bignonia unguis-cati L., Sp. Pl. 623. 1753; Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) G. Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 4: 1. 1887.
Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H. Gentry, Brittonia 25: 236. 1973. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Margarita; native to
Batocydia unguis (L. ex DC.) Mart. ex DC., Prodr. 9: 146. 1845; Tobago, Trinidad, and South America.
Bignonia unguis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1114. 1759. References: 3, 58, 159, 323.
Bignonia gracilis G. Lodd., Bot. Cab. 18: t. 1705. 1831. Jacaranda abbottii Urb. = Jacaranda caerulea (L.) Juss.
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Jacaranda acutifolia sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Jacaranda mimosifolia
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, D. Don
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Jacaranda arborea Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 375. 1912.
Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Mexico, and South America. Common Names: Abey, Abey de monte malo, Quibey, Thuya (Cuba).
Common Names: Bejuco rana, Bejucos perdiz (Cuba), Abrazapalo, References: 3, 30, 132, 156, 427.
Abraza-polo, Pega palo (Dominican Republic), Griffe-chatte, Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Gris-chotte, Liane griffe-chatte, Liane verte, Z’ong chatte (Haiti), Species.
Cat’s-claw, Griffe à chatte (Lesser Antilles), Bejuco de gato, Liana
Jacaranda bahamensis R. Br. = Jacaranda caerulea (L.) Juss.
uñada, Paz y justicia, Pegapalo, Uña de gato (Puerto Rico), Cat-
claw (Virgin Islands). Jacaranda caerulea (L.) Juss., Gen. Pl. 138. 1789; Bignonia caerulea L.,
References: 1, 3, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 150, 151, Sp. Pl. 625. 1753.
224, 323, 340. Jacaranda abbottii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 370. 1922.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Jacaranda bahamensis R. Br., Bot. Mag. 49: t. 2327. 1822.
Jacaranda sagrana A. DC., Prodr. 9: 229. 1845 [as sagraeana].
*Ekmanianthe actinophylla (Griseb.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, and
Veg. 20: 309. 1924; Tecoma actinophylla Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.
Hispaniola.
194. 1866; Tabebuia actinophylla (Griseb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey
Common Names: Boxwood, Cancer-tree, What-o’clock (Bahamas),
Bot. Club 42: 377. 1915.
Abey, Abey macho, Ciruelillo, Moruro sabicú (Cuba).
References: 7, 45, 64, 132, 151.
Common Name: Roble caimán (Cuba).
References: 3, 39, 64, 132. Jacaranda caucana Pittier, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 258. 1917.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Central America and South
Cuba (39). America.
References: 7, 159.
*Ekmanianthe longiflora (Griseb.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
20: 309. 1924; Tecoma longiflora Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 194. Jacaranda cowellii Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 392.
1866; Tabebuia longiflora (Griseb.) Greenm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. 1915.
Louis 7: 451. 1897. Jacaranda variifolia Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 371. 1922.
Tabebuia grisebachii Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 640. 1921. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Common Names: Abey moruro, Cubanicú (Cuba).
Hispaniola. References: 3, 5, 64, 132.
Common Names: Roble real (Cuba), Roble de Puerto Rico (Dominican Jacaranda ekmanii Alain, Brittonia 20: 150. 1968.
Republic), Chene a glandes (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 3, 5, 7, 39, 64, 123, 132, 156, 427. References: 7, 152.
Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don, Bot. Reg. 8: t. 631. 1822.
Jacaranda acutifolia sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
Enallagma cucurbitina (L.) Baill. ex K. Schum. = Amphitecna latifolia Virgin Islands 6: 200. 1925, non Bonpl.
(Mill.) A.H. Gentry Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Enallagma latifolia (Mill.) Small = Amphitecna latifolia (Mill.) A.H. Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles, and Margarita; native to South
Gentry America.
Common Names: Jacaranda (Jamaica), Flamboyán azul, Jacaranda
Handroanthus capitatus (Bureau & K. Schum.) Mattos, Loefgrenia
(Puerto Rico).
50: 2. 1970; Tecoma capitata Bureau & K. Schum., Fl. Bras. 8(2):
References: 1, 2, 6, 7, 58, 61, 131, 150, 230, 323.
337. 1897; Tabebuia capitata (Bureau & K. Schum.) Sandwith,
Recueil Trav. Bot. Neerl. 34: 226. 1937. Jacaranda poitaei Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 376. 1912.
Tabebuia glomerata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 305. 1916. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to South America. Common Names: Abey, Abey macho (Dominican Republic), L’abbé
References: 61, 151, 156, 159. blanc, L’abbé franc, Labié (Haiti).
References: 5, 7, 30, 123.
Handroanthus chrysanthus (Jacq.) S. Grose, Syst. Bot. 32: 664. 2007,
subsp. chrysanthus; Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) Nichols., Ill. Jacaranda sagrana A. DC. = Jacaranda caerulea (L.) Juss.
Dict. Gard. 4: 1. 1887. Jacaranda selleana Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 59. 1929.
Tabebuia rufescens J.R. Johnst., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 40: 696. 1905. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), Lesser References: 5, 7.
Antilles (Grenada, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
and Margarita; native to Mexico, Central America, and South Jacaranda variifolia Urb. = Jacaranda cowellii Britton & P. Wilson
America. Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. in W.J. Hooker, Niger Fl. 463. 1849;
References: 1, 58, 151, 159, 231, 323, 383. Bignonia africana Lam., Encycl. 1: 424. 1785.
Kigelia pinnata (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 9: 247. 1845. Phryganocydia corymbosa (Vent.) Bureau = Bignonia corymbosa
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico; native to (Vent.) L.G. Lohman
Africa. Pithecoctenium crucigerum (L.) A. H. Gentry = Amphilophium
Common Name: Árbol de la salchicha (Dominican Republic). crucigerum (L.) L.G. Lohman
References: 2, 7, 58, 61, 123.
Pithecoctenium echinatum (Jacq.) Baill. = Amphilophium crucigerum
Kigelia pinnata (Jacq.) DC. = Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. (L.) L.G. Lohman
Macfadyena podopogon (DC.) Griseb. = Arrabidaea podopogon (DC.) Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) T. Sprague in W.T. Thiselton-Dyer, Fl.
A.H. Gentry Cap. 4(2): 450. 1904; Tecoma ricasoliana Tanfani, Bull. Soc. Tosc.
Macfadyena uncata (Andr.) Sprague & Sandwith = Dolichandra uncata Ortic. 12(1): 17. 1887.
(Andr.) L.G. Lohman Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
(St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), and Lesser Antilles
Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H. Gentry = Dolichandra unguis-cati
(Saba); native to South Africa.
(L.) L.G. Lohman
Common Names: Encaje (Dominican Republic), Pandorea, Zimbabwe
Macrocatalpa punctata (Griseb.) Britton = Catalpa macrocarpa creeper (Jamaica), Millonaria, Ricasolana (Puerto Rico).
(A. Rich.) Ekman & Urb. References: 2, 7, 32, 58, 123, 131, 150, 159.
Macrocatalpa purpurea (Griseb.) Britton = Catalpa purpurea Griseb. Pyrostegia ignea (Vell.) C. Presl = Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers
Macrocatalpa tomentosa Bisse = Catalpa macrocarpa (A. Rich.) Ekman Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3:
& Urb. 188. 1863; Bignonia venusta Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg. 3: t. 249. 1817.
Macrodiscus lactiflorus (Vahl) Bureau ex K. Schum. = Amphilophium Pyrostegia ignea (Vell.) C. Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5,
lactiflorum (Vahl) L.G. Lohman 3: 523. 1845.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and
Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66: Margarita; native to South America.
782. 1980 [“1979”]; Bignonia alliacea Lam., Encycl. 1: 421. Common Names: Flor de llama (Dominican Republic), Flame vine
1785; Pachyptera alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry, Brittonia 25: 236. (Jamaica), Flor de Venus, Lluvia de fuego, Siete de bastos, Tango
1973. (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native to References: 2, 7, 32, 58, 61, 131, 150, 151, 159, 323.
Central America and South America.
Common Name: Flor de ajo (Dominican Republic). Raputia heterophylla DC. = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton
References: 7, 32, 45, 58, 123, 151, 159. Roseodendron donnell-smithii (Rose) Miranda, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico
Mansoa hymenaea (DC.) A.H. Gentry, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66: 29: 43. 1965; Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose in J. Donnell Smith,
782. 1980 [“1979”]. Bot. Gaz. 17: 418. 1892.
Adenocalymma obovatum Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 307. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Mexico, Central America,
1916. and South America.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Mexico, Central America, Common Name: Primavera (Puerto Rico).
and South America. References: 48, 131, 149, 159.
References: 5, 32, 58, 149, 151. Saritaea magnifica (W. Bull) Dugand = Bignonia magnifica W. Bull
Neurotecoma calcicola Urb. = Spirotecoma spiralis (C. Wright ex Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv., Fl. Oware 1: 47. 1805.
Griseb.) Pichon Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Neurotecoma domatiata Urb. & Ekman = Spirotecoma rubriflora Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin
(Leonard) Alain Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Saba, St. Lucia ), Margarita,
and South America; native to Africa.
Pachyptera alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry = Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Common Names: Espatodea, Tulipán (Cuba), Amapola, Mampolo
Gentry (Dominican Republic), Immortel, Immortel étranger (Haiti),
Parmentiera aculeata (Kunth) Seem., Bot. Boy. Herald 183. 1854; African tulip tree (Jamaica), Meaito, Tulipán africano (Puerto
Crescentia aculeata Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Rico).
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 158. 1819. References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150, 224, 323, 383.
Parmentiera edulis A. DC., Prodr. 9: 244. 1845. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico; Spathodea podopogon DC. = Arrabidaea podopogon (DC.) A.H.
native to Mexico and Central America. Gentry
Common Names: Guineito (Dominican Republic), Guajalote, Guajilote
(Puerto Rico). Spathodea portoricensis Bello = Tabebuia haemantha (Bertero ex
References: 2, 7, 58, 104, 123, 131, 152, 159, 224. Spreng.) DC.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. *Spirotecoma apiculata (Britton) Alain, Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ.
Parmentiera cereifera Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 182. 1854. Montreal 68: 94. 1956; Cotema apiculata Britton, Mem. Torrey
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico; Bot. Club 16: 108. 1920.
native to Panama. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Palo de cera, Palo de vela (Dominican Republic), References: 3, 39, 64, 156, 427.
Arbol de cera, Palo de vela (Puerto Rico). Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
References: 2, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 159, 224. Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Spirotecoma domatiata (Urb. & Ekman) Alain = Spirotecoma rubriflora
Parmentiera edulis A. DC. = Parmentiera aculeata (Kunth) Seem. (Leonard) Alain
number 9 8 • 151
Spirotecoma guantanamensis Bisse = Spirotecoma spiralis (C. Wright ex Tabebuia richardiana Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 48. 1925.
Griseb.) Pichon Tabebuia trinitensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 373. 1915.
*Spirotecoma holguinensis (Britton) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist.
Common Names: Ébano amarillo, Leño blanco, Roble blanco, Roble de
Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 14. 1956; Cotema holguinensis
yugo (Cuba).
Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 108. 1920.
References: 2, 3, 64, 132, 156.
Cotema woodfredensis Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 108. 1920;
Spirotecoma woodfredensis (Britton) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Tabebuia anisophylla Urb. = Tabebuia berteroi (DC.) Britton
Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 14. 1956. Tabebuia apiculata Urb. & Ekman = Tabebuia obovata Urb.
References: 3, 39, 64, 156, 427. Tabebuia arenicola Britton = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Tabebuia argentea (Bureau & Schum.) Britton in N.L. Britton &
Cuba (39) and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened P. Wilson = Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex
Species. S. Moore
*Spirotecoma rubriflora (Leonard) Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. Tabebuia arimaoensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 374. 1915.
21: 148. 1971; Tabebuia rubriflora Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
14: 416. 1924. References: 64, 156, 427.
Neurotecoma domatiata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 70. 1929; Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Spirotecoma domatiata (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Brittonia 20: 151.
Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Moore, Trans.
1968.
Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 4: 423. 1895.
Tabebuia argentea (Bureau & Schum.) Britton in N.L. Britton &
Hispaniola.
P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 197. 1925.
References: 5, 7, 64, 149.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St.
*Spirotecoma spiralis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Pichon, Bull. Soc. Bot. John); native to South America.
France 92: 228. 1945; Tecoma spiralis C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. References: 19, 58, 61, 159.
Pl. Cub. 194. 1866; Cotema spiralis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Britton
Tabebuia bahamensis (Northr.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 379.
& P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 108. 1920.
1915; Tecoma bahamensis Northr., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12:
Neurotecoma calcicola Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 267. 1924.
65. 1902.
Spirotecoma guantanamensis Bisse, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 2: 20.
Tabebuia affinis Britton & P. Wilson ex Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist.
1975.
Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 14. 1956.
Tabebuia hotteana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 65. 1929.
Tabebuia leonis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Tabebuia jojoana Britton & P. Wilson ex Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist.
Salle” 15: 16. 1956.
Tabebuia turquinensis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
Tabebuia triorbicularis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 18.
La Salle” 15: 19. 1956.
1981 [“1980”].
Tabebuia triorbicularis Borhidi var. obovata Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad.
Common Names: Above-all, Beef-bush, Gumwood, White-cedar
Sci. Hung. 26: 15. 1981 [“1980”].
(Bahamas).
References: 3, 45, 64, 151.
References: 3, 30, 64, 124, 149, 156.
Tabebuia berteroi (DC.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 377. 1915;
Spirotecoma woodfredensis (Britton) Alain = Spirotecoma holguinensis
Tecoma berteroi DC., Prodr. 9: 220. 1845.
(Britton) Alain
Tabebuia anisophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 264. 1924.
Stenolobium stans (L.) Seem. = Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Tabebuia acrophylla (Urb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 378. Hispaniola.
1915; Tecoma acrophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 374. 1903. Common Names: Aceituno, Cenizoso, Muñeco, Olivo, Palo cenizo,
Tabebuia rugosa Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 415. 1924. Roble (Dominican Republic), Poirier (Haiti).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. References: 7, 30, 64, 123.
Common Names: Paragua, Pata de cotorra, Piragua, Plata de cotorra, Tabebuia beyeri Urb. & Ekman = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton
Yaguasta (Dominican Republic), Bois mago, Bois nago, Nago
Tabebuia bibracteolata (Griseb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42:
(Haiti).
378. 1915; Tecoma bibracteolata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 193. 1866.
Tabebuia candicans Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
Tabebuia actinophylla (Griseb.) Britton = Ekmanianthe actinophylla 17: 25. 1972 [“1971”].
(Griseb.) Urb. Tabebuia furfuracea Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 262. 1924.
Tabebuia acunana Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Tabebuia hypoleuca (C. Tabebuia nervosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 256. 1924.
Wright) Urb. Tabebuia nipensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 261. 1924.
Tabebuia subcordata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 258. 1924.
Tabebuia affinis Britton & P. Wilson ex Alain = Tabebuia bahamensis Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
(Northr.) Britton References: 3, 30, 39, 64, 149, 427.
Tabebuia anafensis Urb. = Tabebuia myrtifolia (Griseb.) Britton var. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
petrophyla (Greenm.) Gentry Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Tabebuia anafensis Urb. subsp. munizii Borhidi = Tabebuia myrtifolia Tabebuia billbergii (Bureau & K. Schum.) Standl., Trop. Woods 36: 20.
(Griseb.) Britton var. petrophyla (Greenm.) Gentry 1933, subsp. billbergii; Tecoma billbergii Bureau & K. Schum. in
C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 8(2): 319. 1897.
Tabebuia angustata Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 376. 1915.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, and Tabebuia curtissii Britton = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton
South America. Tabebuia x delriscoi Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 22. 1981
References: 64, 323. [“1980”].
Tabebuia brigandina Urb. & Ekman = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Tabebuia x rosariensis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 23.
Britton 1981 [“1980”].
Tabebuia brooksiana Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 372. 1915.
Tabebuia nigripes Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 255. 1924.
Cuba (39).
Tabebuia densifolia Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 53. 1921.
Tabebuia buchii (Urb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 377. 1915;
Tabebuia picotensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 265. 1924.
Tecoma buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 375. 1903.
Hispaniola.
Reference: 7.
References: 7, 30, 64, 156.
Tabebuia bullata A.H. Gentry, Moscosoa 5: 134. 1989.
Tabebuia dictyophylla Urb. = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton
References: 7, 8. Tabebuia dolichopoda Urb. & Ekman = Tabebuia polyantha Urb. &
Ekman
Tabebuia calcicola Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 373. 1915.
Tabebuia ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 54. 1921. Tabebuia domingensis (Urb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 378.
Tabebuia erosa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 66. 1929. 1915; Tecoma domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 376. 1912.
Tecoma leucoxylon (L.) Mart. ex DC. var. reticulata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Cub. 193. 1866. References: 7, 30, 64, 156.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Tabebuia dominicensis Urb. = Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers
and Jamaica.
Common Names: Roble caimán (Cuba), Bois savanne (Haiti). Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose = Roseodendron donnell-smithii (Rose)
References: 3, 7, 64, 132, 149, 151, 156. Miranda
Tabebuia caleticana A.H. Gentry & D. Albert, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. Tabebuia dubia (C. Wright) Britton ex Siebert, Trop. Woods 63: 8.
25: 160. 1992. 1940; Tecoma dubia C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Méd. Habana 6: 319. 1873.
References: 39, 64, 156. Tabebuia crassifolia Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 376. 1915.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cuba (39). Reference: 64, 427.
Tabebuia camagueyensis Britton & P. Wilson = Tabebuia heterophylla
(DC.) Britton Tabebuia ekmanii Urb. = Tabebuia calcicola Britton
Tabebuia candicans Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Tabebuia bibracteolata Tabebuia elegans Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 48. 1925.
(Griseb.) Britton Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 64.
Tabebuia capitata (Bureau & K. Schum.) Sandwith = Handroanthus Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
capitatus (Bureau & K. Schum.) Mattos Cuba (39).
Tabebuia capotei Borhidi = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton Tabebuia elongata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 84. 1925.
Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) Nichols. = Handroanthus chrysanthus Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
(Jacq.) S. Grose References: 3, 39, 64, 427.
Tabebuia clementis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
Cuba (39) and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
La Salle” 15: 14. 1956.
Species.
References: 3, 39, 152, 156. Tabebuia erosa Urb. & Ekman = Tabebuia calcicola Britton
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Tabebuia excisa Urb. = Tabebuia moensis Britton
Cuba (39).
Tabebuia furfuracea Urb. = Tabebuia bibracteolata (Griseb.) Britton
Tabebuia coartata Urb. = Tabebuia lepidota (Kunth) Britton
Tabebuia geronensis Britton = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton
Tabebuia conferta Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 54. 1921.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Tabebuia glaucescens Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 85. 1925.
Tabebuia cowellii Britton = Tabebuia trachycarpa (Griseb.) K. Schum. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Tabebuia crassifolia Britton = Tabebuia dubia (C. Wright) Britton ex Cuba (39).
Siebert Tabebuia glomerata Urb. = Tabebuia capitata (Bureau & K. Schum.)
Tabebuia crispiflora Alain, Phytologia 22: 171. 1971. Sandwith
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola. Tabebuia gonavensis Urb. = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton
References: 7, 8, 64, 156.
Tabebuia gracilipes Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
Tabebuia cuneifolia Urb. = Tabebuia pulverulenta Urb. La Salle” 15: 15. 1956.
number 9 8 • 153
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Tabebuia acunana Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 62: 26. 1975.
Reference: 3. Tabebuia hypoleuca (C. Wright) Urb. var. basicardia Urb., Symb. Antill.
9: 265. 1924.
Tabebuia grisebachii Urb. = Ekmanianthe longiflora (Griseb.) Urb.
Tabebuia hypoleuca (C. Wright) Urb. subsp. nivea Borhidi & O.
Tabebuia haemantha (Bertero ex Spreng.) DC., Prodr. 9: 214. 1845; Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 27. 1972 [“1971”].
Bignonia haemantha Bertero ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 832. Tecoma lepidophylla (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. reticulata Griseb., Cat. Pl.
1825; Tecoma haemantha (Bertero ex Spreng.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 193. 1866.
Cub. 194. 1866. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Spathodea portoricensis Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 293. 1881. Common Names: Hilacho, Jilacho, Roble macho (Cuba).
Tecoma polyantha sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 177. 1888, References: 3, 30, 64, 132, 149, 152, 427.
non Griseb. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Species.
Common Names: Roble bobo, Roble colorado (Puerto Rico).
Tabebuia hypoleuca (C. Wright) Urb. var. basicardia Urb. = Tabebuia
References: 30, 58, 61, 64, 75, 131, 152, 340.
hypoleuca (C. Wright) Urb.
Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 2: 48.
Tabebuia hypoleuca Griseb. subsp. nivea Borhidi & O. Muñiz =
1915; Raputia heterophylla DC., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 153.
Tabebuia hypoleuca (C. Wright) Urb.
1822; Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers subsp. heterophylla (DC.)
Stehlé, Caribbean Forest. 6, Suppl. 338. 1945. Tabebuia inaequipes Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 265. 1924.
Bignonia leucoxylon L., Sp. Pl. 624. 1753. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Tabebuia arenicola Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 375. 1915. References: 3, 30, 64, 156.
Tabebuia beyeri Urb. & Ekman, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 84. Tabebuia jackiana Ekman & Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22:
1925. 86. 1925.
Tabebuia brigandina Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 68. 1929. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Tabebuia camagueyensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club References: 3, 39, 64, 156, 427.
16: 107. 1920. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Tabebuia capotei Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 19. 1981 Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
[“1980”].
Tabebuia curtissii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 375. 1915. Tabebuia jamaicensis Britton = Tabebuia platyantha (Griseb.) Britton
Tabebuia dictyophylla Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 84. 1925. Tabebuia jaucoensis Bisse, Mem. Fac. Ci. Univ. Habana 1(6): Ser. Ci.
Tabebuia geronensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 375. 1915. Biol. 2: 5. 1968.
Tabebuia gonavensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 196. 1922. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Tabebuia leptopoda Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 121. 1922. Reference: 149.
Tabebuia lindahlii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 95. 1927.
Tabebuia jojoana Britton & P. Wilson ex Alain = Spirotecoma spiralis
Tabebuia lucida Britton, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 2: 48. 1915.
(C. Wright ex Griseb.) Pichon
Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers subsp. pentaphylla (L.) Stehlé,
Caribbean Forest. 6, Suppl. 338. 1945; Tecoma pentaphylla (L.) Tabebuia karsoana Trejo, Kew Bull. 64: 296. 2009. Type. Puerto Rico,
Juss., Gen. Pl. 139. 1789. Lares. Trejo et al. 2630 (Holotype: UPR; Isotypes: K, US).
Tabebuia riparia (Raf.) Sandwith, Taxon 4: 44. 1955. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Tabebuia triphylla A. DC., Prodr. 9: 214. 1845. Reference: 152.
Tecoma berteroi sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 446. 1862, non A. DC. Tabebuia leonis Alain = Tabebuia bahamensis (Northr.) Britton
Tecoma berteroi sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 176. 1888,
non A. DC. Tabebuia lepidophylla (A. Rich.) Greenm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis
Tecoma eggersii Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 219. 1921. 7: 451. 1897; Bignonia lepidophylla A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra,
Distribution: Endemic to the West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cayman Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 104. 1850; Tecoma lepidophylla (A.
Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Rich.) Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 524. 1862.
(Anegada, Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Reference: 64.
Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Tabebuia lepidota (Kunth) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 377.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, 1915; Bignonia lepidota Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
St. Martin, St. Vincent), Curaçao, and Tobago; naturalized in Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 139. 1819;
United States (FL). Tecoma lepidota (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 9: 220. 1845.
Common Names: Capá bobo, Palmito, Palo amargo, Roble blanco Tabebuia coartata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 260. 1924.
(Dominican Republic), White cedar (Jamaica), Cedar, Poirier, White Tabebuia pergracilis Britton & P. Wilson ex Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus.
poui (Lesser Antilles), Prieto, Roble, Roble blanco, Roble de costa, Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 17. 1956.
Roble de la mona, Roble de yugo, Roble prieto (Puerto Rico). Tabebuia tortuensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 95. 1927.
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 64, 75, 123, 131, 149, 150, Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba,
151, 156, 340, 383. Hispaniola, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana), and Lesser Antilles
Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton subsp. dominicensis (Urb.) Stehlé = (Anguilla, Barbuda, St. Martin).
Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers Common Names: Júcaro blanco, Roble sabanero, Rompe ropa (Cuba).
References: 1, 3, 7, 30, 45, 64, 132, 149.
Tabebuia hotteana Urb. & Ekman = Spirotecoma spiralis (C. Wright ex
Griseb.) Pichon Tabebuia leptoneura Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 259. 1924.
Tabebuia hypoleuca (C. Wright) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 497. 1908; References: 3, 30, 64, 156.
Tecoma hypoleuca C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Méd. Habana 6: 318. 1870. Tabebuia leptopoda Urb. = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton
Tabebuia libanensis Urb. = Tabebuia microphylla (Lam.) Urb. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Hispaniola (Haiti).
Tabebuia lindahlii Urb. & Ekman = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.)
References: 3, 7, 64, 149, 156.
Britton
Tabebuia nervosa Urb. = Tabebuia bibracteolata (Griseb.) Britton
Tabebuia linearis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Salle” 15: 16. 1956. Tabebuia nigripes Urb. = Tabebuia brooksiana Britton
Tabebuia lopezii Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 13: 61. 1956. Tabebuia nipensis Urb. = Tabebuia bibracteolata (Griseb.) Britton
Tabebuia rigida Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Salle” 15: 18. 1956. Tabebuia nivea Alain = Tabebuia polyantha Urb. & Ekman
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Tabebuia obovata Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 495. 1908.
References: 7, 64, 152, 156. Tabebuia apiculata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 69. 1929.
Tabebuia litoralis Urb. = Tabebuia moensis Britton Tabebuia perfae Alain, Phytologia 25: 274. 1973.
Tabebuia lopezii Alain = Tabebuia linearis Alain Hispaniola.
Tabebuia lucida Britton = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton References: 7, 8, 64, 149, 156.
Tabebuia maestrensis Urb. = Tabebuia shaferi Britton Tabebuia oligolepis Urb. = Tabebuia shaferi Britton
Tabebuia maxonii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 370. 1922. Tabebuia ophiolithica Alain, Phytologia 22: 172. 1971.
Tabebuia samanensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 68. 1929. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Common Name: Yagua (Dominican Republic).
Tabebuia microphylla (Lam.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 496. 1908; Tabebuia ophiticola Alain = Tabebuia pulverulenta Urb.
Bignonia microphylla Lam., Encycl. 1: 418. 1785; Tecoma Tabebuia ostenfeldii Urb. = Tabebuia microphylla (Lam.) Urb.
microphylla (Lam.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 377. 1912.
Tabebuia libanensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 88. 1925. Tabebuia pachyphylla Britton = Tabebuia moensis Britton
Tabebuia ostenfeldii Urb., Dansk Bot. Ark. 4(7): 10. 1924. Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3: 199.
Tabebuia truncata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 266. 1924. 1863; Bignonia pallida Lindl., Bot. Reg. 12: t. 965. 1826.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Bignonia cranalis Krause, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 32(2): 335. 1914.
Hispaniola. Tabebuia dominicensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 308.
References: 7, 30, 64, 151, 156. 1924; Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton subsp. dominicensis
Tabebuia moensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 374. 1915. (Urb.) Stehlé, Bol. Soc. Bot. France 93: 33. 1946; Tabebuia pallida
Tabebuia excisa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 260. 1924. (Lindl.) Miers subsp. dominicensis (Urb.) Stehlé, Caribbean Forest.
Tabebuia littoralis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 263. 1924. 6, Suppl. 338. 1945.
Tabebuia pachyphylla Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 373. 1915. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Barbados,
Tabebuia potamophila Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 259. 1924. Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Tabebuia wrightii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 83. 1925. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Tabebuia zolyomiana Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 15. 1981 Common Names: Cedar, Pourier, Pourier blanc, White cedar (Lesser
[“1980”]. Antilles).
References: 3, 30, 64, 149, 156. Note: Dubiously distinct from T. heterophylla.
Tabebuia mogotensis Urb. = Tabebuia myrtifolia (Griseb.) Britton var. Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers subsp. dominicensis (Urb.) Stehlé =
myrtifolia Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers
Tabebuia multinervis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 67. 1929. Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers subsp. heterophylla (DC.) Stehlé =
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton
References: 7, 64. Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers subsp. pentaphylla (L.) Stehlé =
Note: Known only from the type. Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton
Tabebuia myrtifolia (Griseb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 378. Tabebuia paniculata Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 416. 1924.
1915, var. myrtifolia; Tecoma myrtifolia Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
524. 1862. References: 7, 64, 309.
Tabebuia mogotensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 267. 1924.
Tabebuia pentaphylla (L.) Hemsl. = Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC.
Tabebuia saxicola Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 343. 1922.
Tabebuia subsessilis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 313. 1916. Tabebuia x perelegans Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 15.
Tabebuia truncata Urb. var. sphenophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 267. 1924. 1981 [“1980”].
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Beata Is Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
(Dominican Republic). Reference: 149.
References: 3, 7, 30, 64, 149, 152, 156. Tabebuia perfae Alain = Tabebuia obovata Urb.
Tabebuia myrtifolia (Griseb.) Britton var. petrophyla (Greenm.) A.H. Tabebuia pergracilis Britton & P. Wilson ex Alain = Tabebuia lepidota
Gentry, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 25: 219. 1992; Tabebuia petrophila (Kunth) Britton
Greenm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 7: 451. 1897.
Tabebuia anafensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 87. 1925. Tabebuia petrophila Greenm. = Tabebuia myrtifolia (Griseb.) Britton
Tabebuia anafensis Urb. subsp. munizii Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. var. petrophyla (Greenm.) Gentry
Hung. 18: 41. 1973. Tabebuia picotensis Urb. = Tabebuia densifolia Urb.
number 9 8 • 155
Tabebuia pinetorum Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 374. 1915. Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Tobago, Trinidad, and
Common Name: Hoja bronca de peladero (Cuba). Margarita; native to Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 39, 64, 132, 156. Common Names: Pink poui (Jamaica), Roble venezolano (Puerto Rico).
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 2, 4, 7, 58, 131, 159, 230, 323, 383.
Cuba (39).
Tabebuia rubriflora Leonard = Spirotecoma rubriflora (Leonard) Alain
Tabebuia platyantha (Griseb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 379.
Tabebuia rufescens J.R. Johnst. = Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) Nichols.
1915; Tecoma platyantha Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 447. 1862.
Tabebuia jamaicensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 376. 1915. Tabebuia rugosa Leonard = Tabebuia acrophylla (Urb.) Britton
Tecoma brittonii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 496. 1908. Tabebuia sagrae Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 312. 1916 [as
Tecoma brittonii Urb. var. decussata Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 497. 1908. sagaei].
Common name: Cro-cro (Jamaica). Reference: 3.
References: 2, 30, 64, 151, 156, 427.
Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Tabebuia samanensis Urb. = Tabebuia maxonii Urb.
Species. Tecoma sanguinea C. Wright = Tabebuia sauvallei Britton
Tabebuia polyantha Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 64. 1929. Tabebuia sauvallei Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 377. 1915;
Tabebuia dolichopoda Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 65. 1929. Tecoma sanguinea C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Tabebuia nivea Alain, Brittonia 20: 151. 1968. Méd. Habana 6: 320. 1870, nom. illeg.
Common Names: Muñeco, Palo de muñeco (Dominican Republic). References: 3, 39, 64, 156.
References: 7, 64, 123, 149, 152. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Tabebuia polymorpha Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 265. 1924. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Tabebuia savannarum Britton = Tabebuia trachycarpa (Griseb.) K. Schum.
References: 3, 30, 39, 64, 427.
Tabebuia saxicola Britton = Tabebuia myrtifolia (Griseb.) Britton var.
myrtifolia
Species. Tabebuia schumanniana Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 404. 1899; Tecoma
schumanniana (Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 539. 1912.
Tabebuia potamophila Urb. = Tabebuia moensis Britton
Tabebuia pulverulenta Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 255. 1924. Common Names: Roble cimarrón, Roble colorado, Roble de sierra
Tabebuia cuneifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 257. 1924. (Puerto Rico).
Tabebuia ophiticola Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 13: 9. 1956. References: 58, 61, 64, 156.
Tabebuia revoluta Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) G. Nicholson = Handroanthus serratifolius
Salle” 15: 17. 1956.
(Vahl) S. Grose
References: 3, 30, 39, 64, 149, 152, 156. Tabebuia setulosa (Griseb.) K. Schum. = Cordia leucosebestena Griseb.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of (Boraginaceae)
Cuba (39). Tabebuia shaferi Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 372. 1915.
Tabebuia revoluta (Urb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 378. 1915; Tabebuia maestrensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 255. 1924.
Tecoma revoluta Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 539. 1913. Tabebuia oligolepis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 257. 1924.
References: 7, 30, 64, 156. Common Name: Roble blanco de montaña (Cuba).
References: 3, 30, 64, 156, 427.
Tabebuia revoluta Alain = Tabebuia pulverulenta Urb.
Tabebuia ricardii M.M. Mejía, Moscosoa 8: 18. 1994.
Tabebuia simplicifolia Carabia ex Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 18. 1956.
Common Names: Capaíllo, Miracielo (Dominican Republic).
Tabebuia richardiana Urb. = Tabebuia angustata Britton
Tabebuia stenocalyx Sprague & Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910:
Tabebuia rigida Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 404. 1899. 196. 1910.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Distribution: Cultivated in Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent); native to
Common Name: Roble de sierra (Puerto Rico). Tobago, Trinidad, and South America.
Tabebuia rigida Alain = Tabebuia linearis Alain Tabebuia subcordata Urb. = Tabebuia bibracteolata (Griseb.) Britton
Tabebuia riparia (Raf.) Sandwith = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton Tabebuia subsessilis Urb. = Tabebuia myrtifolia (Griseb.) Britton var.
Tabebuia x rosariensis Borhidi = Tabebuia x delriscoi Borhidi myrtifolia
Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC., Prodr. 9: 215. 1845; Tecoma rosea Tabebuia tortuensis Urb. & Ekman = Tabebuia lepidota (Kunth) Britton
Bertol., Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bononiensis 4: 425. 1840. Tabebuia trachycarpa (Griseb.) K. Schum. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E.
Tabebuia pentaphylla (L.) Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2(12): 495. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 236. 1894; Tecoma trachycarpa
1882. Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 192. 1866.
Tabebuia savannarum Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 107. 1920. References: 2, 7, 32, 58, 61, 64, 123, 132, 150, 224, 323.
Tabebuia cowellii Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 107. 1920. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Tecoma capitata Bureau & K. Schum. = Handroanthus capitatus
Common Names: Roblecillo, Roble sabanero, Rompe ropa (Cuba). (Bureau & K. Schum.) Mattos
References: 3, 64, 132, 156.
Tecoma domingensis Urb. = Tabebuia domingensis (Urb.) Britton
Tabebuia trinitensis Britton = Tabebuia angustata Britton
Tecoma dubia C. Wright = Tabebuia dubia (C. Wright) Britton ex
Tabebuia triorbicularis Borhidi = Spirotecoma spiralis (C. Wright ex Siebert
Griseb.) Pichon
Tecoma eggersii Kraenzl. = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton
Tabebuia triorbicularis Borhidi var. obovata Borhidi = Spirotecoma
spiralis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Pichon Tecoma haemantha (Bertero ex Spreng.) Griseb. = Tabebuia haemantha
(Bertero ex Spreng.) DC.
Tabebuia triphylla A. DC. = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton
Tecoma hypoleuca C. Wright = Tabebuia hypoleuca (C. Wright) Urb.
Tabebuia truncata Urb. = Tabebuia microphylla (Lam.) Urb.
Tecoma lepidophylla (A. Rich.) Griseb. = Tabebuia lepidophylla (A.
Tabebuia truncata Urb. var. sphenophylla Urb. = Tabebuia myrtifolia Rich.) Greenm.
Griseb. var. myrtifolia
Tecoma lepidophylla (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. reticulata Griseb. =
Tabebuia turquinensis Alain = Tabebuia bahamensis (Northr.) Britton Tabebuia hypoleuca (C. Wright) Urb.
Tabebuia vinosa A.H. Gentry, Moscosoa 5: 136. 1989. Tecoma lepidota (Kunth) DC. = Tabebuia lepidota (Kunth) Britton
Common Name: Palo de yuca (Dominican Republic). Tecoma leucoxylon (L.) Mart. ex DC. var. reticulata Griseb. = Tabebuia
References: 7, 64, 123. calcicola Britton
Tabebuia wrightii Urb. = Tabebuia moensis Britton Tecoma longiflora Griseb. = Ekmanianthe longiflora (Griseb.) Urb.
Tabebuia zanonii A.H. Gentry, Moscosoa 5: 138. 1989. Tecoma microphylla (Lam.) Urb. = Tabebuia microphylla (Lam.) Urb.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Tecoma myrtifolia Griseb. = Tabebuia myrtifolia (Griseb.) Britton var.
References: 7, 8, 64. myrtifolia
Tabebuia zolyomiana Borhidi = Tabebuia moensis Britton Tecoma pentaphylla (L.) Juss. = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton
Tanaecium crucigerum Seem., Bonplandia (Hannover) 4: 127. 1856. Tecoma platyantha Griseb. = Tabebuia platyantha (Griseb.) Britton
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique, St.
Tecoma polyantha sensu A. Stahl = Tabebuia haemantha (Bertero ex
Lucia) and South America.
Spreng.) DC.
Common Name: Fleur trumpette (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 151. Tecoma revoluta Urb. = Tabebuia revoluta (Urb.) Britton
Tanaecium jaroba Sw., Prodr. 92. 1788. Tecoma ricasoliana Tanfani = Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) T.
Distribution: Possibly native to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent); exotic in Sprague
Jamaica; native from Costa Rica to South America. Tecoma rosea Bertol. = Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC.
References: 1, 2.
Tecoma setulosa Griseb. = Cordia leucosebestena Griseb.
Tecoma acrophylla Urb. = Tabebuia acrophylla (Urb.) Britton (Boraginaceae)
Tecoma actinophylla Griseb. = Ekmanianthe actinophylla (Griseb.) Urb. Tecoma spiralis C. Wright ex Griseb. = Spirotecoma spiralis (C. Wright
Tecoma bahamensis Northr. = Tabebuia bahamensis (Northr.) Britton ex Griseb.) Pichon
Tecoma berteroi DC. = Tabebuia berteroi (DC.) Britton Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 144. 1819; Bignonia
Tecoma berteroi sensu Griseb. = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton
stans L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 871. 1763; Stenolobium stans (L.) Seem.,
Tecoma berteroi sensu A. Stahl = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton J. Bot. 1: 88. 1863.
Tecoma bibracteolata Griseb. = Tabebuia bibracteolata (Griseb.) Britton Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth var. apiifolia DC., Prodr. 9: 224. 1845.
Tecoma billbergii Bureau & K. Schum. = Tabebuia billbergii (Bureau & Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Jost van Dyke, St. Croix,
K. Schum.) Standl. subsp. billbergii St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
Tecoma brittonii Urb. = Tabebuia platyantha (Griseb.) Britton (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
Tecoma brittonii Urb. var. decussata Urb. = Tabebuia platyantha
Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Curaçao,
(Griseb.) Britton
Margarita, southern United States, Mexico, Central America, and
Tecoma buchii Urb. = Tabebuia buchii (Urb.) Britton South America.
Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 13: t. 1117. 1827; Bignonia Common Names: Trumpet-flower, Yellow elder (Bahamas), Roble
capensis Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 105. 1800; Tecomaria capensis Amarillo, Saúco amarillo, Saúco de jardín (Dominican Republic),
(Thunb.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. 9: 137. 1840 [“1838”]. Chevalier, Fleur de St. Pierre, Herbe de St. Nicolas (Haiti), Bois
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin caraïbe, Bois fleur jaunes, Bois-pissenlit, Flambeaux (Lesser
Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Antilles), Saúco amarillo, Roble Amarillo, Ruibarba (Puerto Rico),
Saba ), and Margarita; native to South Africa. Ginger Thomas, Trumpet-flower, Yellow cedar, Yellow elder
Common Names: Jazmín de virginia, Jazmín trompeta (Cuba), Bejuco (Virgin Islands).
trompeta, Flor trompeta, Jazmín trompeta, Terebinto (Dominican References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 64, 75, 123, 131, 151,
Republic). 323, 383.
number 9 8 • 157
Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth var. apiifolia DC. = Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth BoNNETIAceae
Tecoma trachycarpa Griseb. = Tabebuia trachycarpa (Griseb.)
K. Schum. Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0.
Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Spach = Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl.
Tynanthus caryophylleus (Bello) Alain = Tynanthus polyanthus Bonnetia cubensis (Britton) R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 125.
(Bureau) Sandwith 1947; Kieseria cubensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 19.
1914.
Tynanthus polyanthus (Bureau) Sandwith, Kew Bull. 8: 465. 1954.
Bignonia caryophyllea Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 293.
Common Names: Manglecillo, Manguillo (Cuba).
1881;Tynanthus caryophylleus (Bello) Alain, Rhodora, 67: 352.
Reference: 3.
1965.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native Kieseria cubensis Britton = Bonnetia cubensis (Britton) R.A. Howard
to South America.
Common Name: Bejuco de clavo (Puerto Rico).
References: 7, 32, 58, 61, 75, 159, 340. Boraginaceae
by C. Feuillet
Wunschmannia staminea (Lam.) Urb. = Distictis staminea (Lam.) A.H.
Gentry
DOUBTFUL RECORD Taxa. Total: 207; native: 197; endemic: 159.
Ceratophytum tetragonolobum (Jacq.) Sprague & Sandw., Kew Bull. Argusia gnaphalodes (L.) Heine = Tournefortia gnaphalodes (L.) R. Br.
1934: 22. 1935. ex Roem. & Schult.
The record of this species from the Lesser Antilles is based on a single
collection (Oersted 8011), which has been regarded as originating Borago officinalis L., Sp. Pl. 137. 1753.
from Grenada, apparently by mistake. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native to
Reference: 1. Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Common Names: Borraja (Cuba), Fleurs bourrache (Haiti).
References: 30, 61, 123, 131, 132, 151, 159.
Bixaceae Bourreria albopunctata O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 52.
1911.
Genera. Total: 2; native: 1; endemic: 0. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Taxa. Total: 2; native: 1; endemic: 0. References: 5, 7, 30.
Bixa orellana L., Sp. Pl. 512. 1753. Bourreria baccata Raf., Sylva Tellur. 42. 1838.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Cordia bourreria L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 936. 1759.
Virgin Islands (St. John, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Bourreria clariuscula Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 3: 204. 1869.
Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, Crematomia attenuata Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, 3: 307. 1869.
St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Trinidad Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
and Tobago; native to Mexico, Central America, and South Jamaica, and Lesser Antilles (Saba).
America. References: 2, 7, 140, 220.
Common Names: Anoto, Bija, Onoto (Cuba), Achiote, Achote, Bija, Bourreria badia O.E. Schulz = Bourreria virgata (Sw.) G. Don var.
Chiote (Dominican Republic), Roucou, Roucouyer (Haiti), Anatto virgata
(Jamaica), Roucou, Roucoyer, Roucu, Rucu (Lesser Antilles),
Bourreria brachypoda O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 88. 1929.
Achiote, Annato, Bija (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 224, 252, 323, 340,
Reference: 7.
383.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Bourreria bullata O.E. Schulz = Bourreria virgata (Sw.) G. Don var.
virgata
Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2:
596. 1825; Bombax vitifolium Willd., Enum. Pl. 2: 720. 1809; Bourreria calophylla Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 528. 1862.
Maximilianea vitifolia (Willd.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 596. Bourreria reticulata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 210. 1866.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South Common Name: Roble agalla (Cuba).
America; cultivated in Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, References: 3, 151.
Virgin Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Bourreria cassinifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 528. 1862;
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia), and Trinidad. Ehretia cassinifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Common Names: Rosa imperial (Dominican Republic), Rose-of-Peru 11: 113. 1850.
(Lesser Antilles), Emperatriz de la selva, Rosa imperial (Puerto Distribution: Native to Cuba and United States (FL, state endangered).
Rico). Common Name: Capá rota (Cuba).
References: 1, 3, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 106, 123, 131, 151, 224, 231, 252, References: 3, 150, 351.
301, 383.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Bourreria clariuscula Miers = Bourreria baccata Raf.
Maximilianea vitifolia (Willd.) Spreng. = Cochlospermum vitifolium Bourreria cuneifolia O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 91. 1929.
(Willd.) Spreng. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 3.
Bourreria cuneifolia O.E. Schulz var. glabrescens O.E. Schulz = Bourreria mucronata Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 10. 1914.
Bourreria virgata (Sw.) G. Don Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 3.
Bourreria cuneifolia O.E. Schulz var. gracilis O.E. Schulz = Bourreria
tomentosa G. Don Bourreria nashii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 11. 1914.
Bourreria divaricata (DC.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 387. 1837-1838;
Reference: 7.
Ehretia divaricata DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 108. 1813.
Bourreria spinifex Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 528. 1862. Bourreria ovata Miers = Bourreria succulenta Jacq.
Bourreria stenophylla O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 92. 1929. Bourreria ovata Miers var. hirtella O.E. Schulz = Bourreria succulenta
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jacq.
Hispaniola.
Common Names: Guazumillo, Hierro de costa, Raspalengua, Bourreria pauciflora O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 349. 1912.
Raspalengua menuda (Cuba). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Bourreria domingensis (DC.) Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 528. 1862; Ehretia Bourreria polyneura O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 64. 1911.
domingensis DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 508. 1845; Bourreria homalophylla O.E. Schulz var. homalophylla in I. Urban,
Bourreria domingensis (DC.) Gürke in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Symb. Antill. 7: 68. 1911.
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 87. 1891, nom. illeg.; Morelosia Bourreria homalophylla O.E. Schulz var. scabriuscula O.E. Schulz, Ark.
domingensis (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 439. 1891. Bot. 22A(17): 92. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Bourreria polyneura O.E. Schulz var. subpilosa O.E. Schulz in I. Urban,
Puerto Rico. Symb. Antill. 7: 537. 1913.
References: 7, 58, 61, 75, 152, 309, 340. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 30, 140, 152, 156.
Bourreria ekmanii O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 92. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Bourreria radula (Poir.) G. Don = Bourreria tomentosa G. Don
References: 3, 149. Bourreria reticulata Griseb. = Bourreria calophylla (A. Rich.) Griseb.
Bourreria grandiflora (Poir.) Griseb. = Bourreria wrightii Alain Bourreria revoluta Kunth = Bourreria succulenta Jacq.
Bourreria havanensis (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Miers, Ann. Mag. Bourreria rotata (Moc. ex DC.) I.M. Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 30: 107.
Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 3: 207. 1869; Ehretia havanensis Willd. ex 1949; Cordia rotata Moc. ex DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr.
Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 4: 805. 1845. 9: 483. 1845.
Bourreria montana C. Wright ex Griseb. f. glabrifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Ehretia calophylla A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Cub. 209. 1866, nom. nud. 112. 1850.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Hispaniola (Haiti). References: 3, 351.
References: 3, 150, 151, 254.
Bourreria setoso-hispida O.E. Schulz = Bourreria tomentosa G. Don
Bourreria havanensis (Roem. & Schult.) Miers var. radula (Poir.)
Bourreria spinifex Griseb. = Bourreria divaricata (DC.) G. Don
A. Gray = Bourreria tomentosa G. Don
Bourreria stenophylla O.E. Schulz = Bourreria divaricata (DC.) G. Don
Bourreria homalophylla O.E. Schulz var. homalophylla = Bourreria
polyneura O.E. Schulz Bourreria succulenta Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 14. 1760.
Cordia glabra L., Sp. Pl. 191. 1753.
Bourreria homalophylla O.E. Schulz var. scabriuscula O.E. Schulz =
Bourreria ovata Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 3: 203. 1869.
Bourreria polyneura O.E. Schulz
Bourreria ovata Miers var. hirtella O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 89.
Bourreria huanita (Lex.) Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2(11): 370. 1882. 1929.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Mexico. Bourreria succulenta Jacq. f. umbrosa O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb.
References: 3, 151, 224. Antill. 7: 59. 1911.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Bourreria succulenta Jacq. var. canescens O.E. Schulz in I. Urban,
Bourreria linearis Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 3: 210. 1869. Symb. Antill. 4: 521. 1910.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Bourreria succulenta Jacq. var. revoluta (Kunth) O.E. Schulz in I.
Reference: 140. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 59. 1911; Bourreria revoluta Kunth in
F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov.
Bourreria maritima O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 91. 1929. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 67. 1818.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Ehretia bourreria sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 297.
Reference: 7. 1881, non L.
Bourreria microphylla Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 210. 1866. Ehretia divaricata sensu A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Bourreria microphylla Griseb. var. asperifolia O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot. 11: 113. 1850, non DC.
22A(17): 92. 1929. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van
References: 3, 149. Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda),
Bourreria moensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 10. 1914.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St.
Reference: 3.
Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Tobago,
Bourreria montana C. Wright ex Griseb. f. glabrifolia Griseb. = Trinidad, Central America, and South America.
Bourreria havanensis (Roem. & Schult.) Miers
number 9 8 • 159
Common Names: Ateje de costa, Cagón, Curaboca, Fruta de catey, Bourreria cuneifolia O.E. Schulz var. glabrescens O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot.
Frutica de catey, Huevo de gallo, Jazmín de monte, Palo de perico, 22A(17): 92. 1929.
Rascabarriga, Raspalengua de costa (Cuba), Café marrón, Palo Bourreria virgata (Sw.) G. Don var. rotundifolia O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot.
bobo, Palo de vaca (Dominican Republic), Madame Jeanne, 22A(17): 91. 1929.
Mapou gris (Haiti), Acomat-coélette, Bambora, Bodywood, Bois- Bourreria virgata (Sw.) G. Don var. vestita O.E. Schulz in I. Urban,
cabrit, Bois cassare, Bombon rouge, Café marron, Cherry, Chink, Symb. Antill. 7: 66. 1911.
Cotlette (Lesser Antilles), Palo de vaca, Roble de guayo (Puerto Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola
Rico), Spoon tree (Virgin Islands). and Puerto Rico.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 150, Common Names: Cafecillo, Cateicito, de hojas grandes, de hojas
151. 152, 158, 301, 340. menudas, Guazumillo, Hierro de costa, Hierro de sabana,
Raspalengua, Raspalengua de sabana (Cuba), Guazumilla
Bourreria succulenta Jacq. f. umbrosa O.E. Schulz = Bourreria
(Dominican Republic), Roble de guayo (Puerto Rico).
succulenta Jacq.
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 132, 149, 151.
Bourreria succulenta Jacq. var. canescens O.E. Schulz = Bourreria
Bourreria virgata (Sw.) G. Don var. rotundifolia O.E. Schulz =
succulenta Jacq.
Bourreria virgata (Sw.) G. Don
Bourreria succulenta Jacq. var. revoluta (Kunth) O.E. Schulz =
Bourreria virgata (Sw.) G. Don var. vestita O.E. Schulz = Bourreria
Bourreria succulenta Jacq.
virgata (Sw.) G. Don
Bourreria taylorii Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 95. 1920.
Bourreria wrightii Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Salle” 15: 9. 1956.
References: 3, 156.
Bourreria grandiflora (Poir.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 209. 1866.
Bourreria tomentosa G. Don var. modesta O.E. Schulz = Bourreria Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
tomentosa G. Don Hispaniola.
Bourreria tomentosa (Lam.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 390 1837-1838; References: 3, 7, 152.
Ehretia tomentosa Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 425. 1793. Calyptracordia alba (Jacq.) Britton (as to type) = Trema micranthum
Bourreria cuneifolia O.E. Schulz var. gracilis O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot. (L.) Blume (Cannabaceae)
22A(17): 92. 1929.
Calyptracordia alba (Jacq.) Britton, in part = Cordia dentata Poir.
Bourreria havanensis (Roem. & Schult.) Miers var. radula (Poir.) A.
Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 181. 1878; Bourreria radula (Poir.) Cerdana alliodora Ruiz & Pav. = Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken
G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 390. 1837-1838; Ehretia radula Poir. in Cochranea anchusifolia (Poir.) Gürke = Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl
J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 2: 2. 1811.
Bourreria setoso-hispida O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 69. Conanthus jamaicensis (L.) A. Heller = Nama jamaicensis L.
1911. Cordia acunae (Moldenke) Alain = Varronia acunae Moldenke
Bourreria tomentosa G. Don var. modesta O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot.
Cordia alba (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. = Trema micranthum (L.) Blume
22A(17): 88. 1929.
(Cannabaceae)
Hispaniola. Cordia alba sensu authors, non (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. = Cordia
Common Name: Yeso (Dominican Republic). dentata Poir.
References: 3, 7, 30, 149, 150, 151. Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken, Allg. Naturgesch. 3: 1098.
Bourreria turquinensis Alain, Phytologia 8: 370. 1962. 1841; Cerdana alliodora Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 47. 1799;
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Gerascanthus alliodorus (Ruiz & Pav.) M. Kuhlm. & Mattos,
References: 3, 152. Loefgrenia 47: 1 of 2 un-numbered pages. 1970.
Cordia geraschanthoides sensu O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins, Econ. Pl.
Bourreria urbanii O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 90. 1929.
Porto Rico 126. 1903, non Kunth.
Cordia gerascanthus Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 43. 1763.
Reference: 7.
Solanum mucronatum O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 6: 191. 1909.
Bourreria velutina (DC.) Gürke in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 87. 1893; Ehretia velutina DC. in (Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin
A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 508. 1845. Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago,
References: 2, 349, 427. Trinidad, Central America, and South America.
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Common Names: Baría amarilla, Capá prieta (Cuba), Capá, Capá
Species. de olor, Capá de sabana, Capá prieto, Caparó, Guacimilla
Bourreria venosa (Miers) Stearn, J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 625. 1971; (Dominican Republic), Bois de rose, Bois saumée, Bois soumis,
Crematomia venosa Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 3: 305. Chene caparo (Haiti), Bois cypre, Bois de rose Cypre, Spruce
1869. (Lesser Antilles), Capá, Capá prieto (Puerto Rico), Spanish elm
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands (Virgin Islands).
and Jamaica. References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 19, 58, 323.
References: 2, 4, 151. Cordia angiocarpa A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Bourreria virgata (Sw.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 389. 1837-1838; Ehretia 11: 110. 1850; Plethostephia angiocarpa (A. Rich.) Miers, Trans.
virgata Sw., Prodr. 47. 1788. Linn. Soc. London Bot. 1: 32. 1875.
Bourreria badia O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 67. 1911. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Bourreria bullata O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 89. 1929. References: 3, 152.
Cordia angustifolia (H. West) Roem. & Schult. = Varronia curassavica Cordia rariflora A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Jacq. 110. 1850.
Cordia angustifolia sensu Roem. & Schult. = Varronia portoricensis
Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
(Spreng.) Feuillet
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
Cordia anisodonta Urb. = Varronia anisodonta (Urb.) Borhidi Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Cordia areolata Urb. = Varronia areolata (Urb.) Friesen Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad,
Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Cordia asperrima DC. = Varronia bullata L. Common Names: Ateje, Ateje colorado, Ajete común, Ateje hembra
Cordia badeava Urb. & Ekman = Varronia badeava (Urb. & Ekman) (Cuba), Muñeco, Palo de muñeco blanco (Dominican Republic),
Borhidi Trois pieds, Trois pierds (Haiti), Clammy cherry (Jamaica),
Bonbon blanc, Clammy cherry, Mahot bré, Mapou-rivière, Sip,
Cordia bahamensis Urb. = Varronia bahamensis (Urb.) Millsp.
Slip (Lesser Antilles), Palo de muñeca (Puerto Rico), Manjack
Cordia baracoensis Urb. = Varronia baracoensis (Urb.) Borhidi (Virgin Islands).
Cordia barahonensis Urb. = Varronia barahonensis (Urb.) Friesen References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 323
Cordia bellonis Urb. = Varronia bellonis (Urb.) Britton Cordia corallicola Urb. = Varronia corallicola (Urb.) Borhidi
Cordia bifurcata Roem. & Schult. = Varronia bifurcata (Roem. & Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. = Varronia curassavica Jacq.
Schult.) Feuillet Cordia curbeloi Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Cordia blancoi sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Cordia obliqua Willd. Salle” 15: 9. 1956.
Cordia bombardensis Urb. & Ekman = Varronia bombardensis (Urb. & Common Name: Roble ateje (Cuba).
Ekman) Borhidi References: 3, 152.
Cordia borinquensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 390. 1899; Gerascanthus Cordia cylindrostachya sensu authors = Varronia portoricensis (Spreng.)
borinquensis (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 399. 1988. Feuillet
Common Names: Capá, Capá cimarrón, Muñeca, Muñeco (Puerto Cordia cylindrostachya Roem. & Schult. var. portoricensis (Spreng.)
Rico). Bello = Varronia portoricensis (Spreng.) Feuillet
References: 30, 58, 61, 131. Cordia dasycephala (Desv.) Kunth = Varronia globosa (Jacq.) Kunth
Cordia bourreria L. = Bourreria succulenta Jacq. subsp. humilis (Jacq.) Borhidi
Cordia brachycalyx (Urb.) Urb. = Cordia rickseckeri Millsp. Cordia dentata Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 7: 48. 1806.
Cordia alba sensu authors, non (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult.
Cordia bracteata DC. = Cordia gerascanthus L. Cordia calyptrata Bertero ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 649. 1824
Cordia brittonii (Millsp.) J.F. Macbr. = Varronia brittonii Millsp. [“1825”]; Varronia calyptrata (Bertero ex Spreng.) DC. in A.L.P.P.
de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 469. 1845.
Cordia brownei (Friesen) I.M. Johnst. = Varronia brownei (Friesen)
Calyptracordia alba (Jacq.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci.
Borhidi
Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 123. 1925, in part.
Cordia buchii Urb. = Varronia salviifolia Juss. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
Cordia bullata (L.) Roem. & Schult. = Varronia bullata L. (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie
Galante, St. Barthélemy), Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire,
Cordia bullata sensu Griseb. = Varronia serrata (L.) Borhidi Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South
Cordia calcicola Urb. = Varronia calcicola (Urb.) Borhidi America; apparently introduced in Cayman Islands, Puerto Rico,
and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola).
Cordia calyptrata Bertero ex Spreng. = Cordia dentata Poir.
Common Names: Muñeco blanco, Yagua (Dominican Republic), Bois
Cordia caymanensis Urb. = Cordia sebestena L. var. caymanensis (Urb.) chique (Haiti), Duppy cherry (Jamaica), Arbre à glu, Arbre à
Proctor raisins, Bois-zizi, Mahot blanc, Mapou baril, Mapou blanc (Lesser
Cordia chabrensis Urb. & Ekman = Varronia chabrensis (Urb. & Antilles).
Ekman) Borhidi References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 40, 58, 61, 323.
Cordia chamaedrifolia Rees = Varronia serrata (L.) Borhidi Cordia dentata Vahl = Trema micranthum (L.) Blume (Cannabaceae).
Cordia cinerascens DC. = Varronia cinerascens (DC.) Borhidi Cordia dependens Urb. & Ekman = Varronia dependens (Urb. &
Ekman) Borhidi
Cordia clarendonensis (Britton) Stearn = Varronia clarendonensis
Britton Cordia divaricata Kunth = Varronia divaricata (Kunth) Borhidi
Cordia claviceps Urb. & Ekman = Varronia claviceps (Urb. & Ekman) Cordia domingensis Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 421. 1792.
Borhidi Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 7, 152.
Cordia collococca L., Fl. Jamaic. 14. 1759; Gerascanthus collococcus
(L.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 399. 1988; Sebestena collococca Cordia duartei Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Varronia duartei (Borhidi & O.
(L.) J. Presl, Wsobecny Rostl. 2: 1102. 1846. Muñiz) Borhidi
Ehretia dubia Jacq., Observ. Bot. 1: 19. 1764. Cordia dumosa Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Cordia elliptica sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 297. 1881, Salle” 15: 9. 1956.
non Sw. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cordia micrantha Sw., Prodr. 47. 1788. References: 3, 39.
number 9 8 • 161
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cordia gibberosa Urb. & Ekman = Varronia gibberosa (Urb. & Ekman)
Cuba (39). Borhidi
Cordia elliptica Sw., Prodr. 47. 1788; Gerascanthus ellipticus (Sw.) Cordia glabra L. = Bourreria succulenta Jacq.
Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 399. 1988. Cordia globosa (Jacq.) Kunth = Varronia bullata subsp. humilis (Jacq.)
Cordia reticulata Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 3: 5. 1807; Gerascanthus Feuillet
reticulatus (Vahl) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 401. 1988.
Cordia fawcettii Krug & Urb., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 80. Cordia globosa (Jacq.) Kunth subsp. humilis (Jacq.) Borhidi = Varronia
1895; Gerascanthus fawcettii (Krug & Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. bullata subsp. humilis (Jacq.) Feuillet
Hung. 34: 397. 1988. Cordia grisebachii Urb. = Varronia grisebachii (Urb.) Moldenke
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Jamaica and Lesser
Cordia haitiensis Urb. = Varronia haitiensis (Urb.) Borhidi
Antilles.
Common Names: Mapou grands bois, Mahot lélé, Corossol grand bois, Cordia harrisii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 474. 1908; Gerascanthus harrisii
Kósól gwan bwa, Coco poule, Chypre (Lesser Antilles). (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 397. 1988.
References: 1, 2, 152, 427. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened References: 2, 427.
Species. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species.
Cordia elliptica sensu Bello = Cordia collococca L.
Cordia holguinensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Varronia holguinensis
Cordia elliptica sensu Spreng. = Cordia laevigata Lam.
(Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi
Cordia ensifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 476. 1900.
Cordia iberica Urb. = Varronia iberica (Urb.) Borhidi
Common Names: Bebelle, Belle-belle (Dominican Republic). Cordia ignea Urb. & Ekman var. ignea, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 78. 1929.
References: 7, 152.
Cordia erythrococca C. Wright ex Griseb. = Varronia erythrococca (C.
Wright ex Griseb.) Moldenke Cordia ignea Urb. & Ekman var. aurantiaca Alain, Phytologia 64: 346.
1988.
Cordia exarata Urb. = Varronia exarata (Urb.) Borhidi
Cordia fasciata Leonard & Alain = Varronia fasciata (Leonard & References: 7, 152.
Alain) Borhidi
Cordia integrifolia (Desv.) Roem. & Schult. = Varronia integrifolia Desv.
Cordia fasciculata Urb. & Ekman = Varronia fasciculata (Urb. &
Cordia intricata C. Wright = Varronia intricata (C. Wright) Borhidi
Ekman) Borhidi
Cordia jamaicensis I.M. Johnst. = Varronia jamaicensis (I.M. Johnst.)
Cordia fawcettii Krug & Urb. = Cordia elliptica Sw.
Borhidi
Cordia fitchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 576. 1921.
Cordia jeremiensis Urb. & Ekman = Varronia jeremiensis (Urb. &
Ekman) Borhidi
Common Name: Coquelicot (Haiti).
References: 7, 30. Cordia juglandifolia Jacq. = Cordia sebestena L.
Cordia galeottiana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: Cordia laevigata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 422. 1792; Gerascanthus
109. 1850; Paradigma galeottiana (A. Rich.) Miers, Trans. Linn. laevigatus (Lam.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 400. 1988.
Soc. London Bot. 1: 31. 1875; Lithocardium galeottianum (A. Cordia elliptica sensu Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 651. 1824
Rich.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977. 1891. [“1825”], non Sw.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cordia nitida Vahl in H. West, Bidr. Beskr. Ste. Croix 275. 1793.
Common Names: Sangre de toro, Vomitel amarillo, Vomitel blanco (Cuba). Cordia nitida Vahl var. angustata Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 357. 1903.
Reference: 3. Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St.
Cordia galeottiana A. Rich. var. pulverulenta Urb. = Cordia
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Central America.
pulverulenta (Urb.) Alain
Common Names: Capá colorado, Muñeco, Palo muñeco, Palo muñeco
Cordia geraschanthoides Kunth = Cordia gerascanthus L. prieto (Dominican Republic), Bois chapeau, Bois paupait, Bois
Cordia geraschanthoides sensu O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins = Cordia paupie, Bois popit, Bois poupait, Bois pupée (Haiti), Capá, Capá
alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken colorado, Cerezo, Muñeco (Puerto Rico), Red manjack (Virgin
Islands).
Cordia gerascanthus Jacq. = Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken References: 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 58, 151.
Cordia gerascanthus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 936. 1759. Cordia lamprophylla Urb. = Varronia lamprophylla (Urb.) Borhidi
Cordia bracteata DC., Prodr. 9: 472. 1845. Cordia geraschanthoides
Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Cordia lenis Alain = Varronia lenis (Alain) Borhidi
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 69. 1818; Gerascanthus Cordia leonis (Britton & P. Wilson) Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 77.
gerascanthoides (Kunth) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 397. 1988. 1929; Sebestena leonis Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, 50. 47. 1923.
Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Central America. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Baría, Baría común, Baría negra, Baría prieta, Palo Reference: 3.
de rosa del país, Varía negra, Varía (Cuba), Capá prieto, Caparó,
Cordia leptoclada Urb. & Britton = Varronia leptoclada (Urb. &
Muñeco (Dominican Republic), Spanish elm, Panchallon (Jamaica).
Britton) Millsp.
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 58.
Cordia leucosebestena Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 208. 1866. Cordia oligodonta Urb. = Varronia oligodonta (Urb.) Borhidi
Tabebuia setulosa (Griseb.) K. Schum. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E.
Cordia pedunculosa Griseb. = Varronia pedunculosa (Griseb.) Borhidi
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4, Abt. 3b: 236. 1894; Tecoma setulosa
Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 193. 1866. Cordia perroyana Urb. & Ekman = Varronia perroyana (Urb. &
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ekman) Borhidi
Common Names: Guazumillo, Hierro de costa, Vomitel blanco (Cuba). Cordia picardae Urb. = Varronia picardae (Urb.) Borhidi
Reference: 3.
Cordia polycephala (Lam.) I.M. Johnst = Varronia polycephala Lam
Cordia lima (Desv.) Roem. & Schult. = Varronia lima Desv.
Cordia portoricensis Spreng. = Varronia portoricensis (Spreng.) Feuillet
Cordia lima (Desv.) Roem. & Schult. var. subinflata Urb. = Varronia
lima Desv. Cordia pulverulenta (Urb.) Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 13: 9. 1956;
Cordia galeottiana A. Rich. var. pulverulenta Urb., Ark. Bot.
Cordia lima sensu Griseb. = Varronia bahamensis Urb. 22A(17): 77. 1929.
Cordia lineata Roem. & Schult. = Varronia linnaei (Stearn) J.S. Mill. Cordia rotundata Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Salle” 15: 11. 1956.
Cordia linnaei Stearn = Varronia linnaei (Stearn) J.S. Mill.
Cordia longipedunculata (Britton & P. Wilson) Urb. = Varronia References: 3, 152.
longipedunculata Britton & P. Wilson
Cordia radula Spreng. = Varronia lima Desv.
Cordia lucayana (Millsp.) J.F. Macbr. = Varronia lucayana Millsp
Cordia rangelensis Moldenke = Cordia valenzuelana A. Rich.
Cordia macrophylla L., Fl. Jamaica 14. 1759; Gerascanthus
Cordia rariflora A. Rich. = Cordia collococca L.
macrophyllus (L.) M. Kuhlm. & Mattos, Loefgrenia 47: 2. 1970;
Gerascanthus macrophyllus (L.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 400. Cordia reticulata Vahl = Cordia elliptica Sw.
1988, nom. illeg. Cordia rickseckeri Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. 1(6): 522. 1902; Sebestena rickseckeri (Millsp.) Britton in N.L.
Common Names: Manjack, Fish-leaf (Jamaica). Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6:
Reference: 2. 124. 1925.
Cordia macrophylla sensu Roem. & Schult. & sensu Griseb. = Cordia Cordia sebestena L. var. brachycalyx Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 389. 1899;
sulcata DC. Sebestena brachycalyx (Urb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43:
457. 1916; Cordia brachycalyx (Urb.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17):
Cordia martinicensis (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. = Varronia martinicensis
77. 1929.
Jacq.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost
Cordia micrantha Sw. = Cordia collococca L. van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda);
Cordia microphylla (Desv.) Roem. & Schult. = Varronia microphylla cultivated throughout the Caribbean.
Desv Common Name: San Bartolomé (Puerto Rico).
References: 19, 58, 61, 131.
Cordia mirabiliflora A.DC. var. chamaedrifolia (Rees) A. DC. =
Varronia serrata (L.) Borhidi Cordia rotata Moc. ex DC. = Bourreria rotata (Moc. ex DC.) I.M.
Johnst.
Cordia mirabiloides (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. = Cordia serrata (L.) Gürke
Cordia rotundata Alain = Cordia pulverulenta (Urb.) Alain
Cordia moensis (Moldenke) Alain = Varronia moensis Moldenke
Cordia rupicola Urb. = Varronia rupicola (Urb.) Britton
Cordia nashii Urb. & Britton = Varronia nashii (Urb. & Britton)
Borhidi Cordia salviifolia Juss. ex Poir. = Varronia salviifolia (Juss. ex Poir.)
Borhidi
Cordia nesophila I.M. Johnst. = Varronia nesophila (I.M. Johnst.)
Borhidi Cordia sauvallei Urb. = Varronia sauvallei (Urb.) Borhidi
Cordia nipensis Urb. & Ekman = Varronia nipensis (Urb. & Ekman) Cordia sebestena L. var. brachycalyx Urb. = Cordia rickseckeri Millsp.
Borhidi Cordia sebestena L., Sp. Pl. 190. 1753, var. sebestena; Sebestena
Cordia nitida Vahl = Cordia laevigata Lam. sebestena (L.) Britton ex Small, Fl. Miami 158. 1913.
Cordia juglandifolia Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 14. 1760.
Cordia nitida Vahl var. angustata Urb. = Cordia laevigata Lam. Cordia speciosa Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 111. 1796.
Cordia obliqua Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 1072. 1798. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica,
Cordia tremula Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 479. 1862. Hispaniola, North America, Margarita, Mexico, Central America,
Cordia blancoi sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & and South America; cultivated in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands 6: 369. 1926, non S. Vidal. (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda),
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Désirade,
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy,
Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin) Tobago, and
Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Trinidad.
Vincent); native to Old World. Common Names: Anacahuita, Anaconda, Bomitel encarnado, Cutperí,
Common Names: Clammy cherry, Coco chat, Gum, Kaka poul, Sticky Geiger tree, Platanillo, Spanish cordia (Bahamas), Avellano,
cherry, White manjack (Lesser Antilles), Cereza blanca (Puerto Bomitel rojo, Cautel, Cutiperí, Vomitel colorado, Vomitel
Rico), Manjack (Virgin Islands). encarnado, Vomitel sebestena (Cuba), Avellana, Avellano criollo,
References: 1, 3, 58, 61, 224, 252. Caramboli (Dominican Republic), Bois d’Inde, Coquelicot,
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Fleurs coquelicot, Petit soleil (Haiti), Red cordia, Scarlet cordia
number 9 8 • 163
(Jamaica), Anaconda, Cereza amarilla, Vomitel colorado (Puerto Common Name: Ateje hembra (Cuba).
Rico), Aloe wood (Virgin Islands). References: 39, 132, 152, 427.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 45, 58. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cordia sebestena L. var. caymanensis (Urb.) Proctor, Sloanea 1: 3.
Species.
1977; Cordia caymanensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 344. 1912.
Distribution: Endemic to Cayman Islands. Cordia vanhermannii Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
Reference: 4. La Salle” 15: 12. 1956.
Varronia coriacea Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 144. 1946.
Cordia selleana Urb. = Varronia selleana (Urb.) Friesen
Cordia serrata (L.) Gürke = Varronia serrata (L.) Borhidi References: 3, 39, 152.
Cordia setulosa Alain = Varronia shaferi Britton Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Cordia shaferi (Britton) Alain = Varronia shaferi Britton
Cordia wagnerorum R.A. Howard = Varronia wagnerorum (R.A.
Cordia speciosa Salisb. = Cordia sebestena L. var. sebestena Howard) Borhidi
Cordia stenophylla Alain = Varronia curassavica Jacq. Crematomia attenuata Miers = Bourreria baccata Raf.
Cordia strigosa Spreng. = Varronia serrata (L.) Borhidi Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J.R. Drumm., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew
Cordia suffruticosa Borhidi = Varronia suffruticosa (Borhidi) Borhidi 1906: 202. 1906.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.
Cordia sulcata DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 488. 1845;
Common Names: Azulejo, Azulito, Miosotis (Dominican Republic),
Gerascanthus sulcatus (DC.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 402.
Feyé (Haiti).
1988.
References: 2, 7, 58, 252.
Cordia macrophylla sensu Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 452. 1819,
non L. Cynoglossum furcatum Wall. = Cynoglossum zeylanicum Thunb. ex
Cordia macrophylla sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 479. 1862, non L. Lehm.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Cynoglossum zeylanicum Thunb. ex Lehm., Neue Schriften Naturf.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, Ges. Halle 3: 20. 1817.
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Cynoglossum furcatum Wall. in W. Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. (Carey ed.), 2:
Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, 6. 1824.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent). Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Ateje, Ateje macho, Tabaco (Cuba), Friega platos, References: 58, 150, 252.
Hoja ancha, Jático, Majagua de indio, Parésol, Paresol, Teje
aparejo (Dominican Republic), Feuilles à dents, Feuilles dentition, Ehretia acanthophora DC. = Rochefortia acanthophora (DC.) Griseb.
Feuilles paresol, Fleur dent, Fleurs dents, Parasol (Haiti), Chypre, Ehretia calophylla A. Rich. = Bourreria rotata (Moc. ex DC.) I.M.
Coco poule, Corossol grand bois, Kósól gwan bwa, Mahot lélé, Johnst.
Mapou grands bois (Lesser Antilles), Moral (Puerto Rico), White
Ehretia cassinifolia A. Rich. = Bourreria cassinifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb.
manjack (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61. Ehretia divaricata DC. = Bourreria divaricata (DC.) G. Don
Cordia toaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Varronia toaensis (Borhidi & O. Ehretia divaricata sensu A. Rich. = Bourreria succulenta Jacq.
Muñiz) Borhidi Ehretia domingensis DC. = Bourreria domingensis (DC.) Griseb.
Cordia toaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz var. integerrima Borhidi & O. Ehretia dubia Jacq. = Cordia collococca L.
Muñiz = Varronia toaensis (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi
Ehretia radula Poir. = Bourreria tomentosa G. Don
Cordia tortuensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 93. 1927.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Ehretia spinifex Roem. & Schult. = Randia spinifex (Roem. & Schult.)
Reference: 7. Standl. (Rubiaceae)
Cordia tremula Griseb. = Cordia obliqua Willd. Ehretia spinosa Jacq. = Rochefortia spinosa (Jacq.) Urb.
Cordia triangularis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 78. 1929. Ehretia tinifolia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 936. 1759.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Reference: 3. Mexico, and Central America.
Common Names: Ateje macho, Chicharrón, Llorón, Palo de rosa,
Cordia troyana Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 475. 1908; Gerascanthus Quebracho, Quiebra hacha, Roble negro, Roble prieto, Sapo
troyanus (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 398. 1988. (Cuba), Arrayán, Meón, Muñeco, Muñeco baboso, Roble, Roble
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. prieto, Roblecillo, Robliceillo Roblillo (Dominican Republic),
References: 2, 427. Bois chapeau, Bois noir, Chêne noir, Filiere (Haiti), Bastard cherry
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (Jamaica).
Cordia utermarkiana Borhidi = Varronia utermarkiana (Borhidi) References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 123, 132.
Borhidi Euploca antillana (Urb.) Diane & Hilger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125: 47.
Cordia valenzuelana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 2003; Heliotropium antillanum Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 528. 1910.
11: 110. 1850; Gerascanthus valenzuelanus (A. Rich.) Borhidi, Heliotropium parciflorum (Mart.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 212. 1866.
Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 403. 1988. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Puerto
Cordia rangelensis Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 130. 1946. Rico.
Euploca bursifera (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Diane & Hilger, Bot. Jahrb. Common Name: Ti teigne (Lesser Antilles).
Syst. 125: 47. 2003; Heliotropium bursiferum C. Wright ex References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 124.
Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 211. 1866. Euploca pedicellaris (Urb. & Ekman) Feuillet, com. nov.; Heliotropium
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. pedicellare Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 100. 1929.
Euploca fruticosa (L.) J.I.M. Melo & Semir, Kew Bull. 64: 288. 2009; References: 5, 7.
Heliotropium fruticosum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 913. 1759. Euploca procumbens (Mill.) Diane & Hilger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125: 48.
Heliotropium campechianum Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, 2003; Heliotropium procumbens Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 86. Heliotropium cinereum Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
1818. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 89. 1818.
Heliotropium filiforme sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 486. 1862, non Heliotropium inundatum Sw., Prodr. 40. 1788.
Kunth. Lisianthius chelonoides sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 280.
Heliotropium humile (L.) R. Br., Prodr. 1: 497. 1810. 1888.
Pioctonon antillanum Raf., Sylva Tellur. 87. 1838. Heliotropium eggersii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 481. 1908.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Aruba, Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Bonaire, Curaçao, Trinidad, United States (FL), Mexico, Central Rico, Lesser Antilles (Antigua), Trinidad, North America, Mexico,
America, and South America. Central America, and South America.
Common Name: Wild marjoram (Jamaica). References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 301, 340.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 151, 301.
Euploca serpylloides (Griseb.) Diane & Hilger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125:
Euploca humifusa (Kunth) Diane & Hilger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125: 49. 2003; Heliotropium serpylloides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 212.
48. 2003; Heliotropium humifusum Kunth in F.W.H.A. von 1866; Hilgeria serpylloides (Griseb.) Förther, Sendtnera 5: 133.
Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto 1998.
ed.) 3: 85. 1818. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Heliotropium cubense Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 100. 1929. References: 3, 149.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands,
Cuba, and Hispaniola. Euploca ternata (Vahl) J.I.L. Melo & Semir, Kew Bull. 64: 289. 2009;
References: 3, 4, 5, 7, 149. Heliotropium ternatum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 21. 1794.
Schleidenia fumana Fresen. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 8(1): 40.
Euploca hypogaea (Urb. & Ekman) Diane & Hilger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1857.
125: 48. 2003; Heliotropium hypogaeum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Bot. 22A(10): 105. 1929; Hilgeria hypogaea (Urb. & Ekman) Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser
Förther, Sendtnera 5: 133. 1998. Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, and Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
Hispaniola. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
References: 3, 5, 7, 39, 149. Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Exotic
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of in Jamaica.
Cuba (39). Common Names: Bushy heliotrope (Bahamas), Wild marjoram
Euploca lagoensis (Warm.) Diane & Hilger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125: (Jamaica), Sariette (Lesser Antilles).
48. 2003; Schleidenia lagoensis Warm., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 323.
Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1867 (1-3): 15 1868; Heliotropium Gerascanthus albus (Jacq.) Borhidi = Trema micranthum (L.) Blume
lagoense (Warm.) Gürke in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. (Cannaceae)
Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 97. 1893.
Heliotropium trinitense Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 350. 1912. Gerascanthus alliodorus (Ruiz & Pav.) M. Kulm. & Mattos = Cordia
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Gerascanthus bifurcatus (Roem. & Schult.) Borhidi = Cordia bifurcata
References: 2, 7, 58, 301. Roem. & Schult
Euploca microphylla (Sw. ex Wikstr.) Feuillet, comb. nov.; Gerascanthus borinquensis (Urb.) Borhidi = Cordia borinquensis Urb.
Heliotropium microphyllum Sw. ex Wikstr., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad.
Gerascanthus collococcus (L.) Borhidi = Cordia collococca L.
Handl. 1827: 58. 1828.
Heliotropium imbricatum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 211. 1866. Gerascanthus ellipticus (Sw.) Borhidi = Cordia elliptica Sw.
Heliotropium crispiflorum Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 394. 1899. Gerascanthus fawcettii (Krug & Urb.) Borhidi = Cordia elliptica Sw.
Heliotropium guanicense Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 395. 1899.
Heliotropium sphaerococcum Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 483. 1908. Gerascanthus gerascanthoides (Kunth) Borhidi = Cordia gerascanthus L.
Heliotropium ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 96. 1929. Gerascanthus harrisii (Urb.) Borhidi = Cordia harrisii Urb.
Heliotropium glomerulifolium Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 97.
Gerascanthus laevigatus (Lam.) Borhidi = Cordia laevigata Lam.
1929.
Heliotropium elegans Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 98. 1929. Gerascanthus macrophyllus (L.) Borhidi = Cordia macrophylla L.
Heliotropium plumieri Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 98. 1929 [as Gerascanthus macrophyllus (L.) M. Kuhlm. & Mattos = Cordia
plumerii]. macrophylla L.
Heliotropium guantanamense Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 99. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Gerascanthus reticulatus (Vahl) Borhidi = Cordia reticulata Vahl
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Tortola), and Lesser Antilles Gerascanthus sulcatus (DC.) Borhidi = Cordia sulcata DC.
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, St. Barthélemy, St.
Gerascanthus troyanus (Urb.) Borhidi = Cordia troyana Urb.
Martin).
number 9 8 • 165
Gerascanthus valenzuelanus (A. Rich.) Borhidi = Cordia valenzuelana Common Names: Pondweed, Seaside heliotrope (Bahamas),
A. Rich. Alacrancillo de playa, Vainilla (Cuba), Yerba de alacrán
(Dominican Republic), Romarin blanc, Verveine-bord-de-mer
Heliophytum portoricense Bello = Heliotropium angiospermum Murray
(Lesser Antilles), Cotorrera de playa (Puerto Rico).
Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 21. 1794. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 151, 323, 340.
Cochranea anchusaefolia (Poir.) Gürke in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E.
Heliotropium dichroum Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 481. 1908.
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 97. 1893.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), and North
References: 5, 7.
America; native to South America.
References: 58, 151, 231. Heliotropium diffusum Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 122.
1905.
Heliotropium angiospermum Murray, Prodr. Stirp. Gott. 217. 1773;
Schobera angiosperma (Murray) Britton in N.L. Britton & P.
Common Name: Low heliotrope (Bahamas).
Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 134. 1925.
Reference: 45.
Heliophytum portoricense Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 297.
1881. Heliotropium eggersii Urb. = Euploca procumbens (Mill.) Diane &
Heliotropium parviflorum L., Mant. Pl. 2: 201. 1771. Hilger
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Heliotropium ekmanii Urb. = Euploca microphylla (Sw. ex Wikstr.)
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Feuillet
Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Heliotropium elegans Urb. & Ekman = Euploca microphylla (Sw. ex
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, Wikstr.) Feuillet
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Bonaire, Curaçao, Heliotropium filiforme sensu Griseb., non Kunth = Euploca fruticosa
Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, United States (FL), Mexico, Central (L.) J.I.M. Melo & Semir
Heliotropium fruticosum L. = Euploca fruticosa (L.) J.I.M. Melo &
Common Names: Horse-bush, Sore-bush, Scorpion-tail (Bahamas),
Semir
Alacrancillo, Creeré cacao, Moco de pavo, Rabo de alacrán
(Dominican Republic), Crete coq, Crête de coq, Herbe à clous, Heliotropium genovefae I.M. Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 378. 1939.
Herbe à malingres, Mont joli, Z’herbe à clous, Zimbaclor, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Zimbaclot (Haiti), Dog’s tail (Jamaica), Eye bright, Herbe- References: 5, 7.
scorpion, Petit crête du coq (Lesser Antilles), Cotorilla, Rabo de Heliotropium glomerulifolium Urb. & Ekman = Euploca microphylla
alacrán (Puerto Rico). (Sw. ex Wikstr.) Feuillet
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 30, 45, 61, 75, 123, 131, 150, 151, 152,
340. Heliotropium gnaphalodes L. = Tournefortia gnaphalodes (L.) R. Br. ex
Roem. & Schult.
Heliotropium antillanum Urb. = Euploca antillana (Urb.) Diane & Hilger
Heliotropium guanicense Urb. = Euploca microphylla (Sw. ex Wikstr.)
Heliotropium arborescens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 913. 1759. Feuillet
Heliotropium peruvianum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 187. 1762.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native to Heliotropium guantanamense Urb. = Euploca microphylla (Sw. ex
South America. Wikstr.) Feuillet
Common Names: Heliotropo (Cuba), Heliotropo, Romero (Dominican Heliotropium haitiense Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 482. 1908.
Republic), Heliotropo, Heliotropo arborescente (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 3, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 151. References: 5, 7.
Heliotropium brevicaule Urb. = Heliotropium nashii Millsp. Heliotropium humifusum Kunth = Euploca humifusa (Kunth) Diane &
Heliotropium bursiferum C. Wright ex Griseb. = Euploca bursifera Hilger
(C. Wright ex Griseb.) Diane & Hilger Heliotropium humile (L.) R. Br. = Euploca fruticosa (L.) J.I.M. Melo &
Heliotropium campechianum Kunth = Euploca fruticosa (L.) J.I.M. Semir
Melo & Semir Heliotropium hypogaeum Urb. & Ekman = Euploca hypogaea (Urb. &
Heliotropium cinereum Kunth = Euploca procumbens (Mill.) Diane & Ekman) Diane & Hilger
Hilger Heliotropium imbricatum Griseb. = Euploca microphylla (Sw. ex
Heliotropium crispiflorum Urb. = Euploca microphylla (Sw. ex Wikstr.) Wikstr.) Feuillet
Feuillet Heliotropium inaguense Britton = Heliotropium nanum Northr.
Heliotropium cubense Urb. = Euploca humifusa (Kunth) Diane & Hilger Heliotropium indicum L., Sp. Pl. 139. 1753; Tiaridium indicum (L.)
Heliotropium curassavicum L., Sp. Pl. 130. 1753. Lehm., Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 1: 14. 1818.
Heliotropium portulacoides D.C. ex Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. Heliotropium parviflorum sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 109.
10: 298. 1881. 1888, non L.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John,
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, St. Barthélemy, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico,
America, South America, and Old World. Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Indian heliotrope (Bahamas), Alacrancillo (Cuba), Heliotropium sphaerococcum Urb. = Euploca microphylla (Sw. ex
Cadillo, Colina de pato, Moco de pavo, Rabo de gato, Verbena Wikstr.) Feuillet
cimarrona (Dominican Republic), Crête coq, Crête de coq d’Inde, Heliotropium ternatum Vahl = Euploca ternata (Vahl) J.I.L. Melo & Semir
Crête simple, Herbe à cataractes, Herbe à malingres Herbe à
taies, Herbe à verrues, Ti-jiannite (Haiti), Scorpion weed, Wild Heliotropium trinitense Urb. = Euploca lagoensis (Warm.) Diane &
clary (Jamaica), Cotorrera, Moco de pavo, Pico de cotorra, Yerba Hilger
cotorra (Puerto Rico). Heliotropium uninerve Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 51. 1921.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 151, 224, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
301, 323. References: 5, 7.
Hilgeria hypogaea (Urb. & Ekman) Förther = Euploca hypogaea (Urb.
Heliotropium inundatum Sw. = Euploca procumbens (Mill.) Diane & & Ekman) Diane & Hilger
Hilger
Hilgeria serpylloides (Griseb.) Förther = Euploca serpylloides (Griseb.)
Heliotropium lagoense (Warm.) Gürke = Euploca lagoensis (Warm.) Diane & Hilger
Diane & Hilger
Lisianthius chelonoides sensu A. Stahl = Euploca procumbens (Mill.)
Heliotropium microphyllum Sw. ex Wikstr. = Euploca microphylla (Sw. Diane & Hilger
ex Wikstr.) Feuillet
Lithocardium album (Jacq.) Kuntze = Trema micranthum (L.) Blume
Heliotropium myriophyllum Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: (Cannaceae)
473. 1915.
Lithocardium galeottianum (A. Rich.) Kuntze = Cordia galeottiana
A. Rich.
References: 3, 39.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Mallotonia gnaphalodes (L.) Britton = Tournefortia gnaphalodes (L.)
Cuba (39). R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.
Heliotropium nanum Northr., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 61. 1902. Marilaunidium jamaicense (L.) Kuntze = Nama jamaicensis L.
Heliotropium inaguense Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 122. Montjolya angustifolia (West) Friesen = Varronia curassavica Jacq.
1905.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. Montjolya brittonii (Millsp.) Friesen = Cordia brittonii (Millsp.) J.F.
Common Names: Low ashy heliotrope, White pussley (Bahamas). Macbr.
Reference: 45. Montjolya brownei Friesen = Cordia brownei (Friesen) I.M. Johnst.
Heliotropium nashii Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. Montjolya bullata (L.) Friesen = Varronia bullata L.
2(7): 309. 1909.
Montjolya integrifolia (Desv.) Friesen = Varronia integrifolia Desv.
Heliotropium brevicaule Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 474. 1915.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. Montjolya leptoclada (Urb. & Britton) Friesen = Varronia leptoclada
Reference: 45. Urb. & Britton
Heliotropium parciflorum (Mart.) Griseb. = Euploca antillana (Urb.) Montjolya lucayana (Millsp.) Friesen = Varronia lucayana Millsp.
Diane & Hilger Montjolya martinicensis (Jacq.) Friesen = Varronia martinicensis Jacq.
Heliotropium parviflorum L. = Heliotropium angiospermum Murray Morelosia domingensis (DC.) Kuntze = Bourreria domingensis (DC.)
Heliotropium parviflorum sensu A. Stahl, non L. = Heliotropium Griseb.
indicum L. Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill, Veg. Syst. 7: 55. 1764.
Heliotropium pedicellare Urb. & Ekman = Euploca pedicellaris (Urb. & Myosotis intermedia Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 164. 1821.
Ekman) Feuillet Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Common Names: Forget, Forget-me-not, Miosotis (Dominican
Heliotropium peruvianum L. = Heliotropium arborescens L.
Republic), Myosotis, Myosotis des bois (Haiti).
Heliotropium plumieri Urb. & Ekman = Euploca microphylla (Sw. ex References: 5, 7, 123, 151, 159.
Wikstr.) Feuillet
Myriopus maculatus (Jacq.) Feuillet, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 264.
Heliotropium polyphyllum Lehm., Neue Schriften Naturf. Ges. Halle 2008; Tournefortia maculata Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 14. 1760.
3: 9. 1817. Tournefortia volubilis sensu Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 24. 1799, non L.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and South America. Tournefortia laurifolia Vent., Choix Pl. 1: t. 2. 1803.
Common Name: Pineland heliotrope (Bahamas). Tournefortia scandens sensu Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 188. 1809, non Mill.
References: 45, 150. Tournefortia peruviana Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl.
Heliotropium portoricense Bello = Heliotropium angiospermum Murray 4: 425. 1816.
Tournefortia sagrana DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 522. 1845
Heliotropium portulacoides D.C. ex Bello = Heliotropium [as sagraeana].
curassavicum L. Tournefortia laevigata sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 103.
Heliotropium procumbens Mill. = Euploca procumbens (Mill.) Diane 1888, non Lam.
& Hilger Tournefortia volubilis sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 104.
1888, non L.
Heliotropium saonae Alain, Phytologia 47: 189. 1980.
Tournefortia guadalupensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17:
169. 1921.
References: 7, 152.
Tournefortia jamaicensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 170.
Heliotropium serpylloides Griseb. = Euploca serpylloides (Griseb.) 1921.
Diane & Hilger
number 9 8 • 167
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico Lesser Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Nevis), Tobago, Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad,
Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
America. Common Names: Soldier-bush (Bahamas), Menimené, Nigua, Nigua de
Common Names: Nigua de paredón (Cuba), Bejuco de nasa (Puerto paredón (Cuba), Kallaba (Dominican Republic), Rabois (Haiti),
Rico). Jigger nit, Chigger nut (Jamaica), Nigua enredadera (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 131, 149, 301, 340. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 301, 323,
340.
Myriopus microphyllus (Bert. ex Spreng.) Feuillet, comb. nov.;
Tournefortia microphylla Bertero ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, Nama convolvuloides Willd. = Evolvulus convolvuloides (Willd. ex
1: 644. 1824 [“1825”]; Tournefortia volubilis L. var. microphylla Schult.) Stearn (Convolvulaceae)
(Bertero ex Spreng.) DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 523. Nama cubana P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 95. 1920;
1845. Hydrolea cubana (P. Wilson) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Colegio “De La Salle” 16: 250. 1957.
Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, St. References: 3, 39, 149, 156.
Eustatius, St. Martin). Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
References: 1, 7, 19, 30, 32, 58, 61. Cuba (39).
Myriopus parvifolius (Alain) Feuillet, comb. nov.; Tournefortia Nama jamaicensis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 950. 1759; Conanthus
parvifolia Alain, Phytologia 25: 272. 1973. jamaicensis (L.) A. Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 6. 1898;
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Hydrolea jamaicensis (L.) Raeusch., Nomencl. Bot. 76. 1797;
References: 7, 152. Marilaunidium jamaicense (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 434.
Myriopus petionvillae (Urb. & Ekman) Feuillet, comb. nov.; 1891.
Tournefortia petionvillae Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 95. Nama jamaicensis L. var. gracilis Brand in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV,
1929. 251(Heft 59): 156. 1913.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Reference: 7. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Myriopus poliochros (Spreng.) Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 1131. 1933;
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts),
Tournefortia poliochros Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 644. 1824
Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Trinidad, North America, Mexico,
[“1825”].
Common Names: Jamaica weed (Bahamas), Herbe couchée (Lesser
Jamaica.
Antilles).
Common Names: Cayaya, Nigua (Cuba).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 45, 58, 230, 285, 301.
Nama jamaicensis L. var. gracilis Brand = Nama jamaicensis L.
Myriopus stenophyllus (Urb.) Feuillet, comb. nov.; Tournefortia
stenophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 477. 1899. Paradigma galeottiana (A. Rich.) Miers = Cordia galeottiana A. Rich.
Tournefortia earlei Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 460. 1916. Pioctonon antillanum Raf. = Euploca fruticosa (L.) J.I.M. Melo &
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, and Semir
Hispaniola.
References: 3, 5, 7, 45. Plethostephia angiocarpa (A. Rich.) Miers = Cordia angiocarpa
A. Rich.
Myriopus suffruticosus (L.) Feuillet, comb. nov.; Tournefortia
suffruticosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 202. 1762. Rochefortia acanthophora (DC.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 482. 1862;
Tournefortia incana Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 417. 1792. Ehretia acanthophora DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 510.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. 1845.
References: 5, 7. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Myriopus volubilis (L.) Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 1131. 1933;Tournefortia Thomas, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda,
volubilis L., Sp. Pl. 140. 1753. Guadeloupe, St. Eustatius, St. Martin).
Tournefortia ferruginea Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 417. 1792. Common Names: Corazón de paloma, Ebano, Ebene, Trejo (Dominican
Tournefortia minuta Bertero ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 644. 1824 Republic), Bastard lignum vitae, Bois d’ébène (Haiti), Ebony,
[“1825”]. Greenheart (Jamaica), Juso (Puerto Rico).
Tournefortia picardae Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 587. 1921. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 123.
Tournefortia barbadensis N.E. Br. ex Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48:
343. 1922. Rochefortia acrantha Urb. = Rochefortia spinosa (Jacq.) Urb.
Tournefortia trinitatis L., Riley, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1925: 139. Rochefortia bahamensis Britton = Rochefortia spinosa (Jacq.) Urb.
1925.
Rochefortia cubensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16:
Tournefortia oblongata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 44. 1926.
96. 1920.
Tournefortia leonis Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 463.
1926.
Common Names: Bronce, Sargento (Cuba).
References: 3, 156.
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Rochefortia cuneata Sw. = Rochefortia spinosa (Jacq.) Urb.
Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Rochefortia cuneata Sw. subsp. bahamensis (Britton) G. Klotz =
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Rochefortia spinosa (Jacq.) Urb.
Rochefortia holguinensis G. Klotz, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Schleidenia fumana Fresen. = Euploca ternata (Vahl) J.L.M. Melo &
Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 29: 472. 1980. Semir
Schleidenia lagoensis Warm. = Euploca lagoensis (Warm.) Diane & Hilger
Schobera angiosperma (Murray) Britton = Heliotropium angiospermum
Rochefortia oblanceata G. Klotz, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana
Murray
3(2): 105. 1982.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Sebestena brachycalyx (Urb.) Britton = Cordia rickseckeri Millsp.
Reference: 149. Sebestena collococca (L.) J. Presl = Cordia collococca L.
Rochefortia oblongata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 94. 1929. Sebestena leonis Britton & P. Wilson = Cordia leonis (Britton &
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. P. Wilson) Urb.
References: 3, 39.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Sebestena rickseckeri (Millsp.) Britton = Cordia rickseckeri Millsp.
Cuba (39). Sebestena sebestena (L.) Britton ex Small = Cordia sebestena L. var.
Rochefortia septentrionalis G. Klotz, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. sebestena
Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 29: 472. 1980, var. septentrionalis Symphytum officinale L., Sp. Pl. 136. 1753.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Europe and Asia.
Reference: 149. Common Names: Borraja (Dominican Republic), Bourrache, Consoude,
Rochefortia septentrionalis G. Klotz var. cristalensis G. Klotz, Wiss. Grande consoude, Herbe à coupre, La grande consoude, Liane
Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 29: 472. chique, Oreille d’ane, Oreille de vache (Haiti).
1980. References: 5, 7, 123, 159.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Tiaridium indicum (L.) Lehm. = Heliotropium indicum L.
Reference: 149.
Tournefortia astrotricha DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 520.
Rochefortia septentrionalis G. Klotz var. obovata G. Klotz, Wiss. Z. 1845, var. astrotricha
Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 29: 472. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands
1980. and Jamaica.
Tournefortia astrotricha DC. var. subglabra Stearn, J. Arnold Arbor.
Rochefortia spinosa (Jacq.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 52: 633. 1971.
472. 1915; Ehretia spinosa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 14. 1760. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands
Rochefortia cuneata Sw., Prodr. 54. 1788. and Jamaica.
Rochefortia cuneata Sw. subsp. bahamensis (Britton) G. Klotz, Revista References: 2, 4, 156.
Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 3(2): 103. 1982; Rochefortia
Tournefortia barbadensis N.E. Br. ex Britton = Myriopus volubilis (L.)
bahamensis Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 5: 317. 1907.
Small
Rochefortia acrantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 479. 1908.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, Tournefortia bicolor Sw., Prodr. 40. 1788.
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Tournefortia laevigata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 416. 1792.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Common Names: Green ebony (Jamaica), Bois d’ébène, Bois verte Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
(Lesser Antilles). Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 45, 58, 61, 151, 427. Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Species. Common Names: Bejuco cachaza, Bejuco cayaya macho, Cayaya,
Cayaya hembra, Nigua (Cuba), Nigua (Dominican Republic),
Rochefortia stellata Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16:
Crête coq, Herbe à chiques, Herbe à malingres, Herbe à milingres,
96. 1920, subsp. stellata
Liane à chiques, Racine chique, Racines chiques (Haiti), Liane à
chique, May wet, Mirette (Lesser Antilles), Nigüita (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Azulejo, Carey de costa, Cerillo (Cuba).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132.
References: 3, 156.
Tournefortia caribaea Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 484. 1862.
Rochefortia stellata Britton & P. Wilson var. cristalensis G. Klotz,
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique).
Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 29:
Reference: 1.
471. 1980.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Tournefortia conocarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 480. 1908.
Reference: 149. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 5, 7.
Rochefortia stellata Britton & P. Wilson subsp. maisiensis G. Klotz,
Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 29: Tournefortia cuspidata Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
471. 1980. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 83. 1818.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Tournefortia setifera Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 94. 1929.
Reference: 149. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, and Trinidad, widespread in the
Neotropics.
Rochefortia victoriniana G. Klotz, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ.
Reference: 7.
Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 29: 471. 1980.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Tournefortia cymosa L. = Tournefortia foetidissima L.
Reference: 149. Tournefortia earlei Britton = Myriopus stenophyllus (Urb.) Feuillet
number 9 8 • 169
Tournefortia ferruginea Lam. = Myriopus volubilis (L.) Small Tournefortia laevigata Lam. = Tournefortia bicolor Sw.
Tournefortia filiflora Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 483. 1862. Tournefortia laevigata sensu A. Stahl = Myriopus maculatus (Jacq.)
Tournefortia foetidissima sensu DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: Feuillet
518. 1845, non L. Tournefortia laurifolia Vent. = Myriopus maculatus (Jacq.) Feuillet
Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), and Lesser Antilles Tournefortia leonis Britton & P. Wilson = Myriopus volubilis (L.) Small
(Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Tournefortia maculata Jacq. = Myriopus maculatus (Jacq.) Feuillet
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin,
Tournefortia microphylla Bertero ex Spreng. = Myriopus microphyllus
St. Vincent).
(Bert. ex Spreng.) Feuillet
Common Names: Herbe à chique, Mal moulo-ou (Lesser Antilles),
Nigua (Puerto Rico). Tournefortia minuta Bertero ex Spreng. = Myriopus volubilis (L.) Small
References: 1, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 131. Tournefortia oblongata Urb. & Ekman = Myriopus volubilis (L.) Small
Tournefortia foetidissima L., Sp. Pl. 141. 1753. Tournefortia parvifolia Alain = Myriopus parvifolius (Alain) Feuillet
Tournefortia cymosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 202. 1762.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico and South Tournefortia peruviana Poir. = Myriopus maculatus (Jacq.) Feuillet
America. Tournefortia petionvillae Urb. & Ekman = Myriopus petionvillae (Urb.
References: 149, 254 (Eggers 2437). & Ekman) Feuillet
Tournefortia foetidissima sensu DC., non L. = Tournefortia filiflora Griseb. Tournefortia picardae Urb. = Myriopus volubilis (L.) Small
Tournefortia gibberosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 349. 1912. Tournefortia poliochros Spreng. = Myriopus poliochros (Spreng.) Small
Tournefortia roigii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 462. 1926.
Tournefortia glabra L., Sp. Pl. 141. 1753. Reference: 3.
Tournefortia sagrana DC. = Myriopus maculatus (Jacq.) Feuillet
Mexico, and Central America.
Common Names: Nigua (Cuba), Nigua hedionda (Dominican Tournefortia scabra Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 417. 1792.
Republic). Tournefortia scabra Lam. f. ovalifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 210. 1866,
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 123, 132. nom. nud.
Tournefortia incana sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 273. 1888,
Tournefortia gnaphalodes (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg.
non L.
4: 538. 1819; Argusia gnaphalodes (L.) Heine in A. Aubréville,
Fl. Nouv. Caledonie Dépend. 7: 108. 1976; Heliotropium
Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Thomas).
gnaphalodes L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 913. 1759; Mallotonia
Common Names: Cayaya, Nigua, Nigua de paredón, Sabrosa (Cuba).
gnaphalodes (L.) Britton, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 2: 47. 1915.
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 132.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Tournefortia scabra Lam. f. ovalifolia Griseb. = Tournefortia scabra Lam.
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Tournefortia scandens sensu Willd., non Mill. = Myriopus maculatus
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Désirade, Dominica, Grenadines, (Jacq.) Feuillet
Eustatius, St. Martin, St. Vincent), and United States (FL). Tournefortia selleana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 43. 1926.
Common Names: Balsamillo, Incienso de costa, Salvia marina (Cuba), Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Nigua de playa, Té marino (Dominican Republic), Bois de lance References: 5, 7.
noir, Loup marin, Rosmarin, Sea lavender, Sea rosemary (Lesser Tournefortia serrata L. = Varronia serrata (L.) Borhidi
Antilles).
Tournefortia setifera Urb. & Ekman = Tournefortia cuspidata Kunth
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 58, 61, 123, 150.
Tournefortia smaragdina Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 296. 1982.
Tournefortia guadalupensis Urb. = Myriopus maculatus (Jacq.) Feuillet
Tournefortia hirsutissima L., Sp. Pl. 140. 1753. Reference: 149.
Tournefortia staminea Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 484. 1862.
(Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Martin, St.
Reference: 2.
Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, North America, Mexico,
Central America, and South America. Tournefortia stenophylla Urb. = Myriopus stenophyllus (Urb.) Feuillet
Common Names: Bejuco buniatillo, Bejuco cachaza, Bejuco cayaya Tournefortia suffruticosa L. = Myriopus suffruticosus (L.) Feuillet
hembra, Cayaya, Cayaya hembra, Cayaya macho, Nigua (Cuba),
Chique-chique, Nigua, Nigua peluda (Dominican Republic), Liane Tournefortia trinitatis L. Riley = Myriopus volubilis (L.) Small
chique (s) (Haiti), Cold with (Jamaica), Liane à chique poilue Tournefortia volubilis L. = Myriopus volubilis (L.) Small
(Lesser Antilles), Nigua (Puerto Rico).
Tournefortia volubilis sensu Ruiz & Pav., non L. = Myriopus maculatus
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 301, 323,
(Jacq.) Feuillet
340.
Tournefortia volubilis sensu A. Stahl, non L. = Myriopus maculatus
Tournefortia incana Lam. = Myriopus suffruticosus (L.) Feuillet
(Jacq.) Feuillet
Tournefortia incana sensu A. Stahl, non L. = Tournefortia scabra Lam.
Tournefortia volubilis L. var. microphylla (Bertero ex Spreng.) DC. =
Tournefortia jamaicensis Urb. = Myriopus maculatus (Jacq.) Feuillet Myriopus microphyllus (Bertero ex Spreng.) Feuillet
Trichodesma zeylanicum (Burm. f.) R. Br., Prodr. 486. 1810. Varronia brittonii Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(7):
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Barbados); native to Africa, 311. 1909; Cordia brittonii (Millsp.) J.F. Macbr., Contr. Gray
Asia, Malesia, and Australia. Herb. 2(49): 16. 1917; Montjolya brittonii (Millsp.) Friesen, Bull.
References: 1, 159. Soc. Bot. Genève, ser. 2, 24: 180. 1933.
Varronia acunae Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 143. 1946; Cordia acunae Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, and
(Moldenke) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Hispaniola.
Salle” 15: 9. 1956. References: 3, 7, 45.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Varronia brownei (Friesen) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 390. 1988;
References: 3, 39, 152. Cordia brownei (Friesen) I.M. Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 31: 177.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of 1950; Montjolya brownei Friesen, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, ser. 2,
Cuba (39). 24: 142. 1933.
Varronia alba Jacq. = Trema micranthum (L.) Blume (Cannabaceae) Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands
and Jamaica.
Varronia angustifolia H. West = Varronia curassavica Jacq. Common Name: Black sage (Jamaica).
Varronia anisodonta (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 394. 1988; References: 2, 4.
Cordia anisodonta Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 348. 1912. Varronia bullata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 916. 1759, subsp. bullata;
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Cordia bullata (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 462. 1819;
References: 7, 30. Montjolya bullata (L.) Friesen, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, ser. 2, 24:
Varronia areolata (Urb.) Friesen, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, ser. 2, 24: 156. 142. 1933, nom. illeg.
1933; Cordia areolata Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 362. 1903. Cordia asperrima DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 498. 1845;
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Varronia asperrima (DC.) Friesen, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, ser. 2,
Reference: 7. 24: 155. 1933.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Mexico,
Varronia asperrima (DC.) Friesen = Varronia bullata L.
Central America, and South America (Colombia).
Varronia badeava (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 383. References: 2, 151, 152, 285.
1988; Cordia badeava Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 85.
Varronia bullata L. subsp. humilis (Jacq.) Feuillet, J. Bot. Res. Inst.
1929.
Texas 2: 837. 2008; Varronia humilis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 14.
1760; Cordia globosa (Jacq.) Kunth var. humilis (Jacq.) I.M.
Reference: 7.
Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 30: 98. 1949; Cordia globosa (Jacq.)
Varronia bahamensis (Urb.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Kunth subsp. humilis (Jacq.) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 58: 176. 1971;
Ser. 2(7): 310. 1909; Cordia bahamensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: Varronia globosa Jacq. subsp. humilis (Jacq.) Borhidi, Acta Bot.
392. 1899. Hung. 34: 385. 1988.
Cordia lima sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 481. 1862, non Roem. & Schult. Cordia globosa (Jacq.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 76. 1818;
References: 45, 150, 231. Varronia globosa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 14. 1760.
Varronia baracoensis (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 383. 1988; Cordia dasycephala (Desv.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Cordia baracoensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 80. 1929; Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 76. 1818.
Reference: 3. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles
(Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
Varronia barahonensis (Urb.) Friesen, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, ser. 2, 24: Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St.
164. 1933; Cordia barahonensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 345. 1912. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Central
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. America, and South America.
References: 7, 30. Common Names: Juan prieto, Lagaña de aura, Papita, Rompe camisa,
Varronia bellonis (Urb.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Rompe camisa hembra, Yerba de la sangre (Cuba), Cinegal, Juan
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 128. 1925; Cordia bellonis Urb., Prieto, Muñeco (Dominican Republic), Bonbon rond, Herbe à
Symb. Antill. 1: 393. 1899. borec Quérit-tout, Wild black sage (Lesser Antilles), Cupeíllo,
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Saraguaso prieto (Puerto Rico), Curaçao bush (Virgin Islands).
References: 30, 32, 58, 633. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 151, 323.
Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Varronia calcicola (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 384. 1988;
Varronia bifurcata (Roem. & Schult.) Feuillet, comb. nov.; Cordia Cordia calcicola Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 359. 1903.
bifurcata Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 466. 1819; Gerascanthus Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
bifurcatus (Roem. & Schult.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 399. References: 7, 30.
1988. Varronia calyptrata (Bertero ex Spreng.) DC. = Cordia dentata Poir.
Cordia corymbosa (L.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 383. 1837-1838.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, and South America. Varronia chabrensis (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34:
References: 2, 151. 394. 1988; Cordia chabrensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17):
87. 1929.
Varronia bombardensis (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
34: 383. 1988; Cordia bombardensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. Reference: 7.
22A(17): 86. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Varronia cinerascens (DC.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 390. 1988;
Reference: 7. Cordia cinerascens DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 492. 1845.
number 9 8 • 171
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cordia villosa Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 654. 1824 [“1825”].
Common Name: Juan prieto (Dominican Republic).
Varronia clarendonensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 16. 1914;
References: 7, 30.
Cordia clarendonensis (Britton) Stearn, J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 631.
1971. Varronia fasciata (Leonard & Alain) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 384.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. 1988; Cordia fasciata Leonard & Alain, Brittonia 20: 151. 1968.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. References: 7, 152.
Varronia claviceps (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 384. Varronia fasciculata (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34:
1988; Cordia claviceps Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 42. 1926. 388. 1988; Cordia fasciculata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5):
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. 42. 1926.
Reference: 7.
Varronia corallicola (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 390. 1988;
Cordia corallicola Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 79. 1929. Varronia geniculata Pers. = Varronia serrata (L.) Borhidi
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Varronia gibberosa (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 384.
References: 3, 39, 149. 1988; Cordia gibberosa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 84. 1929.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Varronia coriacea Moldenke = Cordia vanhermannii Alain Varronia globosa Jacq. = Varronia bullata L. subsp. humilis (Jacq.)
Varronia corymbosa (L.) Desv. = Varronia polycephala Lam. Feuillet
Varronia curassavica Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 14. 1760; Cordia Varronia globosa Jacq. subsp. humilis (Jacq.) Borhidi = Varronia bullata
curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 460. 1819. L. subsp. humilis (Jacq.) Feuillet
Varronia angustifolia H. West, Bidr. Beskr. St. Croix 202. 1793; Cordia Varronia grisebachii (Urb.) Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 144. 1946; Cordia
angustifolia (H. West) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 460. 1819, grisebachii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 477. 1908.
nom. illeg.; Montjolya angustifolia (West) Friesen, Bull. Soc. Bot. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Genève, ser. 2, 24: 180. 1933. Common Names: Pepita de sabana, Yerba de sangre simarrona (Cuba).
Cordia stenophylla Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La References: 3, 149.
Salle” 15: 12. 1956.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Varronia haitiensis (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 391. 1988;
Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Cordia haitiensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 357. 1903.
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Common Name: Cinegal (Dominican Republic).
Common Names: Juan prieto (Dominican Republic), Liane mounton, References: 7, 30.
Liane mouton (Haiti), Basora (Puerto Rico), Black sage, Mahot Varronia holguinensis (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung.
noir, Wild sage (Lesser Antilles). 34: 391. 1988; Cordia holguinensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz., Acad.
References: 1, 3, 7, 58, 61, 123, 323. Sci. Hung. 22: 316. 1977 [“1976”].
Varronia dependens (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
394. 1988; Cordia dependens Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): Reference: 149.
87. 1929. Varronia humilis Jacq. = Varronia bullata L. subsp. humilis (Jacq.)
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Feuillet
Reference: 7.
Varronia iberica (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 385. 1988; Cordia
Varronia divaricata (Kunth) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 391. 1988; iberica Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 80. 1929.
Cordia divaricata Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 74. 1818. References: 3, 39, 152.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique ) and Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
South America. Cuba (39).
References: 1, 151.
Varronia integrifolia Desv., J. Bot. (Desvaux) 1: 271. 1808; Cordia
Varronia duartei (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: integrifolia (Desv.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 461. 1819;
384. 1988; Cordia duartei Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Montjolya integrifolia (Desv.) Friesen, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, ser.
Sci. Hung. 17: 24. 1972 [“1971”]. 2, 24: 181. 1933.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Reference: 149. Common Name: Juan prieto (Dominican Republic).
Varronia erythrococca (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Moldenke, Revista Reference: 7.
Sudamer. Bot. 6: 178. 1940; Cordia erythrococca C. Wright ex Varronia intricata (C. Wright) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 385. 1988;
Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 208. 1866. Cordia intricata C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Habana 7: 48. 1870.
Common Names: Guazumillo, Hierro de costa (Cuba). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Varronia exarata (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 391. 1988; Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cordia exarata Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 358. 1903. Cuba (39).
Varronia jamaicensis (I.M. Johnst.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 392. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique, St.
1988; Cordia jamaicensis I.M. Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 31: 178. Lucia).
1950. Common Names: Black sage, Mahaut noir, Maho new, Mahot noir, Ti
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. bombon (Lesser Antilles).
Varronia jeremiensis (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: Varronia microphylla Desv., J. Bot. (Desvaux) 1: 275. 1808; Cordia
385. 1988; Cordia jeremiensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): microphylla (Desv.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 463. 1819.
82. 1929. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Reference: 7. Varronia mirabiloides Jacq. = Cordia serrata (L.) Gürke
Varronia lamprophylla (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 394. 1988; Varronia moensis Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 145. 1946; Cordia moensis
Cordia lamprophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 346. 1912. (Moldenke) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Salle” 15: 11. 1956.
Common Name: Bejuco de indio (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Varronia lenis (Alain) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 392. 1988; Cordia Varronia nashii (Urb. & Britton) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 386.
lenis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 1988; Cordia nashii Urb. & Britton in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5:
15: 10. 1956. 476. 1908.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Varronia leptoclada (Urb.& Britton) Millsp., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Varronia nesophila (I.M. Johnst.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 386.
Bot. Ser. 2: 311. 1909, Cordia leptoclada Urb. & Britton 1988; Cordia nesophila I.M. Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 289.
in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 478. 1908; Montjolya leptoclada (Urb. 1956.
& Britton) Friesen, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, ser. 2, 24: 182. 1933. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, Dominica,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
References: 3, 149. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia).
Varronia lima Desv., J. Bot. (Desvaux) 1: 278. 1808; Cordia lima Common Names: Black sage, Bois de bré, Mahot noir, Mapou noir,
(Desv.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 475. 1819. Mapou rouge (Lesser Antilles).
Cordia radula Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 654. 1824 [“1825”]. Reference: 1.
Cordia lima (Desv.) Roem. & Schult. var. subinflata Urb., Symb. Antill. Varronia nipensis (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 386.
3: 362. 1903. 1988; Cordia nipensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 83. 1929.
Varronia scaberrima Bertero ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 654. 1824 Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
[“1825”]. References: 3, 149.
Puerto Rico. Varronia oligodonta (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 394. 1988;
Common Names: Rompe ropa (Dominican Republic), Lija (Puerto Cordia oligodonta Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 347. 1912.
Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
References: 7, 30, 58, 123, 131, 313. References: 7, 30.
Varronia lineata L. = Varronia linnaei (Stearn.) J.S. Mill. Varronia pedunculosa (Griseb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 386.
1988; Cordia pedunculosa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 209. 1866.
Varronia linnaei (Stearn) J.S. Mill., Novon 17(3): 374. 2007; Cordia Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
linnaei Stearn, J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 627. 1971. Common Names: Guazumillo, Hierro de costa (Cuba).
Varronia lineata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 916. 1759, nom. illeg.; Cordia References: 3, 152.
lineata Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 464. 1819, nom. illeg.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Virgin Islands (St. Varronia perroyana (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 386.
Croix), Mexico, Central America, and South America. 1988; Cordia perroyana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 84.
References: 2, 3, 7, 254. 1929.
Varronia longipedunculata Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club Reference: 7.
50. 47. 1923; Cordia longipedunculata (Britton & P. Wilson) Urb.,
Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 80. 1929. Varronia picardae (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 386. 1988;
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cordia picardae Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 360. 1903.
References: 7, 30.
Varronia lucayana Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(7):
311. 1909; Cordia lucayana (Millsp.) J.F. Macbr., Publ. Field Varronia polycephala Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 418. 1792; Cordia
Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8(2): 129. 1930. polycephala (Lam.) I.M. Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 16: 33. 1935.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. Cordia ulmifolia Juss. in G.L.M. Dumont, Bot. Cult. 2: 148. 1802.
Reference: 45. Varronia corymbosa (L.) Desv., J. Bot. (Desvaux) 1: 275. 1809.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
Varronia martinicensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 14. 1760; Cordia Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser
martinicensis (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 461. 1819; Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Montjolya martinicensis (Jacq.) Friesen, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and South America.
ser. 2, 24: 182. 1933, nom. illeg.
number 9 8 • 173
Common Names: Black sage, Mahot fin, Petit mahot (Lesser Antilles), Bonbon chat, Captain, Croquer chien, Dent chien blanc, Dent de
Basora prieta Jaraguaso, Perico, Palo de perico, Saraguaso, chien blanc (Haiti).
Saragüero (Puerto Rico), Black sage (Virgin Islands). References: 3, 7, 30.
References: 1, 7, 19, 32, 58, 323. Varronia setulosa (Alain) Borhidi = Varronia shaferi Britton
Varronia portoricensis (Spreng.) Feuillet, comb. nov.; Cordia Varronia shaferi Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 95. 1920; Cordia
portoricensis Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 127. 1821; shaferi (Britton) Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 13: 9. 1956.
Cordia cylindrostachya (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult. var. Cordia setulosa Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
portoricensis (Spreng.) Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 297. Salle” 15: 11. 1956; Varronia setulosa (Alain) Borhidi, Acta Bot.
1881. Hung. 34: 387. 1988.
Cordia angustifolia sensu Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 460. 1819, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
non Roxb. Common Names: Icaco cimarrón, Tostado (Cuba).
Cordia cylindrostachya sensu authors, non (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & References: 3, 132, 152.
Schult.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Varronia suffruticosa (Borhidi) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 393.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles, 1988; Cordia suffruticosa Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22:
and Margarita. 315. 1977 [“1976”].
Varronia rupicola (Urb.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 128. 1925; Cordia rupicola Urb., Cuba (39).
Symb. Antill. 1: 392. 1899.
Varronia bahamensis sensu Britton & P. Wilson Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Varronia toaensis (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34:
Virgin Islands 6: 127. 1925, non (Urb.) Millsp. 387. 1988; Cordia toaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Anegada). Sci. Hung. 17: 24. 1972 [“1971”].
References: 30, 58, 61, 427. Cordia toaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz var. integerrima Borhidi & O.
Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 24. 1972 [“1971”].
Threatened Species. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 149.
Varronia salviifolia (Juss. ex Poir.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 389.
1988; Cordia salvifolia Juss. ex Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Varronia utermarkiana (Borhidi) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 388.
Encycl. 7: 46. 1806. 1988; Cordia utermarkiana Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
Cordia buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 475. 1900. 17: 25. 1972 [“1971”].
Common Names: Coquillo, Coquito, Paralejo (Dominican Republic), Reference: 149.
Bois d’inde, Bois d’ine, Coquelicot marron (Haiti). Varronia wagnerorum (R.A. Howard) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34:
Reference: 7. 393. 1988; Cordia wagnerorum R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor.
Varronia sauvallei (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 387. 1988; 47: 137. 1966.
Cordia sauvallei Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 477. 1908. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Common Name: Yerba de la sangre cimarrona (Cuba). Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
References: 3, 30, 151. Threatened Species.
Varronia scaberrima Bertero ex Spreng. = Varronia lima Desv. Wigandia brevistyla Cornejo, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 64: 63. 2007.
Varronia selleana (Urb.) Friesen, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, ser. 2, 24: 176. Reference: 149.
1933; Cordia selleana Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 346. 1912.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Wigandia pruritiva Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 865. 1824 [“1825”].
References: 7, 30. Nicotiana urens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 932. 1759; Wigandia urens (L.)
Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 415. 1919, non (Ruiz &
Varronia serrata (L.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 394. 1988; Pav.) Kunth.
Tournefortia serrata L., Sp. Pl. 140. 1753; Cordia serrata (L.) Wigandia reflexa Brand in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 251(Heft 59):
Gürke in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4 135. 1913.
(3a): 83. 1893. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Cordia bullata sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 209. 1866, non (L.) Roem. Hispaniola.
& Schult. Common Names: Cereza, Llora sangre, Tabacón (Dominican Republic).
Cordia chamaedrifolia Rees, Cycl. 36. 1820; Cordia mirabiliflora References: 5, 7, 123.
A. DC. var. chamaedrifolia (Rees) A. DC. in A.P. de Candolle,
Prodr. 9: 499. 1845. Wigandia reflexa Brand = Wigandia pruritiva Spreng.
Varronia mirabiloides Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 14. 1760; Cordia Wigandia urens (L.) Urb. = Wigandia pruritiva Spreng.
mirabiloides (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 465. 1819.
Cordia strigosa Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 30. 1822. EXCLUDED SPECIES
Varronia geniculata Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 167. 1805. Bourreria littoralis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 352.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, and 1924. A later homonym (non B. litoralis Donn. Sm.) described as
Hispaniola. endemic to Hispaniola, but not known to us.
Common Names: áteje globose (Cuba), Bombón capitán, Rompe ropa, References: 149, 254.
White cordia (Dominican Republic), Bonbon, Bonbon captain,
Tournefortia lucida Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 24. 1825. A Brassica napus L., Sp. Pl. 666. 1753.
species described from the Caribbean, but unknown to us. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; known only
in cultivation.
Common Names: Nabo forrajero (Cuba), Nabo (Dominican Republic),
Brassicaceae Navet (Haiti), Naba, Rutabaga (Puerto Rico).
References: 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 159.
Genera. Total: 18; native: 5; endemic: 0. Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch in J.C. Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 4:
Taxa. Total: 43; native: 13; endemic: 4. 713. 1833.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Puerto Rico; native to Europe, Africa,
Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb., Oekon. Fl.
and Asia.
Wetterau 2: 426. 1800.
Common Names: Mostaza, Mostaza negra (Cuba), Mostaza negra
Cochlearia armoracia L., Sp. Pl. 648. 1753.
(Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Europe.
References: 58, 61, 131, 132, 159.
Brassica oleracea L., Sp. Pl. 667. 1753, var. oleracea
Barbarea praecox (Sm.) R. Br. = Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch.
Brassica bullata Pasq., Cat. Ort. Bot. Napoli 17. 1867.
Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 1: 36. 1864; Erysimum Distribution: Cultivated in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto
vernum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), and Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
Barbarea praecox (Sm.) R. Br. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 4: Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy); native to Europe.
109. 1812. Common Names: Col (Cuba), Brocoli, Col, Coliflor, Repollo
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Europe. (Dominican Republic), Chou (Haiti).
References: 5, 7, 159. References: 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 132, 492.
Brachiolobos domingensis Desv. = Rorippa pyrenaica (L.) Rchb. Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L., Sp. Pl. 667. 1753.
Brachiolobos hispidus Desv. = Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser subsp. Brassica caulorapa DC. ex H. Lév., Monde Pl. 12: 24. 1910.
hispida (Desv.) Rydb. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; widely
cultivated, origin uncertain.
Brassica bullata Pasq. = Brassica oleracea L. var. oleracea Common Names: Colinabo (Cuba), Colinabo (Dominican Republic).
Brassica campestris L. = Brassica rapa L. References: 7, 58, 123, 132, 358.
Brassica caulorapa DC. ex H. Lév. = Brassica oleracea L. var. Brassica rapa L., Sp. Pl. 666. 1753.
gongylodes L. Brassica campestris L., Sp. Pl. 666. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto
Brassica hirta Moench = Sinapis alba L.
Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Brassica integrifolia (H. West) O.E. Schulz = Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Barthélemy); widely cultivated and naturalized, probably native to
var. juncea Europe.
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., Consp. Pl. Charc. 8. 1859, var. juncea; Common Names: Nabo (Dominican Republic), Navet (Haiti), Navet,
Sinapis juncea L., Sp. Pl. 668. 1753. Turnip (Lesser Antilles), Nabo (Puerto Rico).
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. var. integrifolia (H. West) Sinskaya, Trudy References: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 150, 151, 159, 224.
Prikl. Bot. Gen. I Sel. 19 (3): 339. 1928; Sinapis integrifolia Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
H. West, Bidr. Beskr. St. Croix 296. 1793; Brassica integrifolia Brassica urbaniana O.E. Schulz = Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. var. juncea
(H. West) O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 509. 1903.
Brassica willdenowii Boiss. = Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. var. juncea
Brassica willdenowii Boiss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 17: 88. 1842.
Brassica urbaniana O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 511. Bunias cakile sensu Descourt = Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz
1903. Cakile aegyptiaca sensu Tussac = Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz
Raphanus lanceolatus sensu Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 31. 1837, non
Willd. Cakile aequalis L’Hér. ex DC. = Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz
Sinapis brassicata sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 14. 1859, non L. Cakile americana sensu Spreng. = Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Cakile americana Nutt. var. cubensis DC. = Cakile lanceolata (Willd.)
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Virgin Gorda), Lesser
O.E. Schulz
Guadeloupe, Maria Galante, Martinique, Nevis, Saba, St. Cakile cubensis (DC.) Kunth = Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz
Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Cakile domingensis Tussac = Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz
Vincent), and Trinidad; native to Asia.
Common Names: Wild mustard (Bahamas), Mostaza, Mostaza china, Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3:
Mostaza de la tierra (Cuba), Mostaza (Dominican Republic), 504. 1903; Raphanus lanceolatus Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 562. 1800
Chou moutarde, Chou rave (Haiti), Wild mustard (Jamaica), India [“1801”]; Brassica lanceolata (Willd.) C. Wright in Sauvalle,
mustard, Leaf mustard, Mostaza, Moutarde, Wild mustard (Lesser Anales Acad. Ci. Med. Habana 5: 199. 1868, nom. illeg.
Antilles), Mostaza (Puerto Rico). Bunias cakile sensu Descourt, Fl. Méd. Antilles 1: 199. 1821, non L.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 75, 123, 131, 159, 224, 301, 358, Cakile aegyptiaca sensu Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: 119. 1808, non Willd.
492. Cakile aequalis L’Hér. ex DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 430. 1821.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Cakile americana sensu Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 852. 1825, non
Nutt.
Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler = Sinapis arvensis L. Cakile americana Nutt. var. cubensis DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 429. 1821;
Brassica lanceolata (Willd.) C. Wright = Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Cakile cubensis (DC.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Schulz Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 75. 1821;
number 9 8 • 175
Cakile maritima Scop. var. cubensis (DC.) Chapm., Fl. South. U.S., Cardamine flexuosa With. subsp. pensylvanica (Muhl. ex Willd.) O.E.
ed. 2, Suppl. 1: 606. 1883. Schulz = Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.
Cakile domingensis Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: 119. 1808; Cakile lanceolata Cardamine hirsuta L., Sp. Pl. 655. 1753.
(Willd.) O.E. Schulz subsp. domingensis (Tussac) O.E. Schulz in Cardamine sylvatica sensu Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 25. 1837, non Link.
I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 505. 1903. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica; native to
Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz var. integrifolia O.E. Schulz in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Malesia.
I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 507. 1903. Common Names: Berro cimarrón (Cuba), Hairy bitter cress, Lady’s
Cakile maritima sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 236. 1881, smock (Jamaica).
non Scop. References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 112, 159, 224.
Cakile maritima Scop. var. geniculata B.L. Rob., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1 Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
(1): 132. 1895.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Cardamine impatiens L., Sp. Pl. 655. 1753.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Europe and Asia.
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, References: 5, 7, 159.
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Cardamine jamesonii Hook., London J. Bot. 6: 293. 1847.
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and South America.
Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, References: 5, 7, 30.
Bonaire, Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America,
Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 486. 1800.
and South America.
Cardamine flexuosa With. subsp. pennsylvanica (Muhl. ex Willd.) O.E.
Common Names: Gardena, Pork bush, Southern sea-rocket (Bahamas),
Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 480. 1903.
Chou-bord-de-mer, Mostacilla del mar, Sea rocket (Lesser Antilles),
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America; exotic in Cuba,
Mostacilla del mar (Puerto Rico), Sea-rocket (Virgin Islands).
Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 150, 151, 152,
References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58.
323, 340, 492.
Cardamine porphyrophylla Ekman ex Urb. = Cardamine africana L.
Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz subsp. domingensis (Tussac) O.E.
Schulz = Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz Cardamine sylvatica sensu Macfad. = Cardamine hirsuta L.
Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz var. integrifolia O.E. Schulz = Cochlearia armoracia L. = Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertn.
Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz Conringia orientalis (L.) C. Presl, Fl. Sicul. 1. 1826.
Cakile maritima Scop. var. cubensis (DC.) Chapm. = Cakile lanceolata Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
(Willd.) O.E. Schulz Common Name: Hare’s-ear (Bahamas).
Cakile maritima Scop. var. geniculata B.L. Rob. = Cakile lanceolata
(Willd.) O.E. Schulz Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. = Lepidium didymum L.
Cakile maritima sensu Bello = Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 634. 1821; Sisymbrium
murale L., Sp. Pl. 658. 1753.
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Pfl.-Gatt. 1: 85. 1792; Thlaspi
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas and Hispaniola; native to Europe,
bursa-pastoris L., Sp. Pl. 647. 1753.
Africa, and Asia.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica; cosmopolitan
Common Names: Sand rocket (Bahamas), Yerba de invierno
weed.
Common Name: Shepherd’s purse (Jamaica).
References: 5, 7, 45, 159.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30.
Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(Beibl.
Carara didyma (L.) Britton = Lepidium didymum L.
119): 56. 1916.
Cardamine africana L., Sp. Pl. 655. 1753. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas; native to Europe.
Cardamine porphyrophylla Ekman ex Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Common Names: Dog mustard, Rocket weed (Bahamas).
Veg. 21: 62. 1925. References: 45, 159.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and South America; native to
Erysimum officinale L. = Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. var.
Africa.
officinale
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 224, 492.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Erysimum vernum Mill. = Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch.
Cardamine debilis Banks ex DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 265. 1821. Iberis amara L., Sp. Pl. 649. 1753.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and Mexico. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to Europe.
Cardamine flexuosa With., Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 3, 3: 578. 1796, subsp. Lepidium didymum L., Mant. Pl. 1: 92. 1767; Coronopus didymus (L.)
flexuosa Sm., Fl. Brit. 2: 691. 1800; Carara didyma (L.) Britton, Ill. Fl. N.
Distribution: Introduced in Cuba; native to Eurasia. U.S., ed. 2, 2: 167. 1913.
References: 224, 492. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Martinique); widespread,
origin uncertain.
Cardamine flexuosa With. subsp. debilis E.O. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb., Syst.
Common Names: Star-of-the-earth (Bahamas), Swine cress, Wart cress
32: 478. 1903; Cardamine debilis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal 201.
(Lesser Antilles).
1825, nom. illeg.
References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 151, 224, 358, 492.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native of Asia.
Reference: 492.
Lepidium filicaule C.L. Hitchc., Madroño 8: 142. 1945. Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L., Sp. Pl. 657. 1753; Rorippa
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek, Sched. Fl. Stiriac. Exsicc. 22.
Lepidium pinnatisectum (O.E. Schulz) C.L. Hitchc., Madroño 8: 140. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
1945; Lepidium virginicum L. var. pinnatisectum O. E. Schulz in I. Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica,
Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 495. 1903. Type. Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
Krug 29. Tobago, and Trinidad; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Common Names: Berro, Berro de agua (Cuba), Berro, Berros
Puerto Rico. (Dominican Republic), Creson de fontaine, Cresson, Cresson
References: 6, 7, 30, 58, 480. d’eau, Cresson des fontines, Cresson des jardins, Cresson des pres,
Cresson su pays (Haiti), Watercress, Water cress (Jamaica), Berros,
Lepidium sativum L., Sp. Pl. 644. 1753. Cresson, Cresson de fontaine, Cresson-France, Kousyon (Lesser
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles Antilles), Berro (Puerto Rico).
(Guadeloupe); native to Africa and Asia. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 150, 151, 160,
Common Names: Berro de jardín (Cuba), Peppergrass (Jamaica), 224, 230, 301, 340, 492.
Cress, Garden cress (Lesser Antilles), Mastuerzo, Pimienta (Puerto Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 30, 131, 224. Nasturtium palustre (L.) DC. = Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser subsp.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. palustris
Lepidium virginicum L., Sp. Pl. 645. 1753. Nasturtium palustre (L.) DC. subsp. hispidum (Desv.) Fisch. & E. Mey.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, = Rorippa hispida (Desv.) Britton subsp. hispida
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Nasturtium palustre (L.) DC. var. glabrum O.E. Schulz = Rorippa
Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, hispida (Desv.) Britton subsp. glabra (O.E. Schulz) Greuter &
Barbuda, Désirade, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, R. Rankin
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St.
Nasturtium portoricense Spreng. = Rorippa portoricensis (Spreng.)
Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
Stehlé var. portoricensis
Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita, North America, Mexico,
and Central America. Nasturtium pyrenaicum (L.) R. Br. = Rorippa pyrenaica (L.) Rchb.
Common Names: Wild pepper-grass (Bahamas), Mastuerzo, Nasturtium roridulum Bello = Nasturtium officinale R. Br.
Sabelección, Tostón (Cuba), Mastuerzo (Dominican Republic),
Cresson alénois, Cresson danois, Cresson de savane, Cresson Nasturtium terrestre (With.) R. Br. var. hispidum (Desv.) S. Watson =
savane (Haiti), Wild peppergrass (Jamaica), Cresson à savane, Rorippa hispida (Desv.) Britton subsp. hispida
Cresson danois, Cresson sauvage, Mastuerzo, Pepper grass, Poor Neslia paniculata Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 162. 1814; Myagrus
man’s pepper, Virginia pepper grass (Lesser Antilles), Cresón, paniculatum L., Sp. Pl. 641. 1753.
Lentejilla, Mastuerzo (Puerto Rico), Wild pepper grass (Virgin Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Europe and Asia.
Islands). References: 3, 159, 224.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 40, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 224, Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
301, 323, 340, 492.
Radicula brevipes (DC.) Britton = Rorippa portoricensis (Spreng.)
Stehlé var. portoricensis
Lepidium virginicum L. var. pinnatisectum O. E. Schulz = Lepidium
Radicula palustris (L.) Moench = Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser
pinnatisectum (O.E. Schulz) C.L. Hitchc.
Radicula portoricensis (Spreng.) Britton = Rorippa portoricensis
Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 169. 1814; Clypeola
(Spreng.) Stehlé var. portoricensis
maritima L., Sp. Pl. 652. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia. Raphanus lanceolatus Willd. = Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz
Common Name: Aliso dulce (Dominican Republic). Raphanus lanceolatus sensu Macfad. = Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. var.
References: 7, 123, 150, 159. juncea
Nasturtium aquaticum Wallr. = Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Raphanus raphanistrum L., Sp. Pl. 669. 1753.
Nasturtium brevipes (DC.) Griseb. = Rorippa portoricensis (Spreng.) Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola; native to
Stehlé var. portoricensis Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Common Names: Jointed charlock (Bahamas), Rábano silvestre
Nasturtium brevipes (DC.) Griseb. var. jackianum O.E. Schulz =
Rorippa portoricensis (Spreng.) Stehlé var. portoricensis
References: 3, 5, 7, 45, 159, 224.
Nasturtium brevipes (DC.) Griseb. var. pumilum O.E. Schulz = Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Rorippa portoricensis (Spreng.) Stehlé var. pumila (O.E. Schulz)
Raphanus sativus L., Sp. Pl. 669. 1753.
Stuckey
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands,
Nasturtium fontanum Asch. = Nasturtium officinale R. Br. and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Saba, St. Barthélemy); widely
Nasturtium heterophyllum Blume = Rorippa dubia (Pers.) H. Hara cultivated, origin uncertain, possibly Asia.
Common Names: Rábano, Rábano gigante del Japón, Rábano japonés
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 4: 111. (Cuba), Rábano (Dominican Republic), Radis, Radis marron
1812. (Haiti), Radis, Radish (Lesser Antilles), Rábano (Puerto Rico),
Nasturtium aquaticum Wallr., Sched. Crit. 372. 1822. Radish (Virgin Islands).
Nasturtium fontanum Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 32. 1860. References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 131, 224, 492.
Nasturtium roridulum Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 236. 1881. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
number 9 8 • 177
Rorippa dubia (Pers.) H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 30: 196. 1955. Rorippa portoricensis (Spreng.) Stehlé, Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop.
Rorippa heterophylla (Blume) R.O. Williams, Fl. Trinidad & Tobago 1: 26: 103. 1946, subsp. portoricensis; Nasturtium portoricense
24. 1929; Nasturtium heterophyllum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 882. 1825; Radicula portoricensis
50. 1825. (Spreng.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
Rorippa indica (L.) Hochr. var. apetala (DC.) Hochr., Candollea 2: 370. & Virgin Islands 5: 328. 1924.
1925. Nasturtium brevipes (DC.) Griseb. var. jackianum O.E. Schulz, Repert.
Rorippa indica (L.) Hochr., Candollea 2: 370. 1925. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 34: 135. 1933.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), Nasturtium brevipes (DC.) Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 154. 1860; Radicula
and Trinidad; native to tropical Asia. brevipes (DC.) Britton, Torreya 6: 30. 1906.
References: 1, 2, 6, 58, 152, 301, 358. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba,
Rorippa heterophylla (Blume) R.O. Williams = Rorippa dubia (Pers.) Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix).
H. Hara Common Names: Short-stalked yellow-cress (Bahamas), Yerba de
invierno (Dominican Republic), Berro cimarrón, Mastuerzo
Rorippa hispida (Desv.) Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 169. 1894, amarillo (Puerto Rico), Yellow cress (Virgin Islands).
subsp. hispida; Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser subsp. hispida (Desv.) References: 3, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 152, 230, 492.
Rydb., Bot. Surv. Nebraska 3: 26. 1894; Brachiolobos hispidus
Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 183. 1814; Nasturtium palustre (L.) DC. Rorippa portoricensis (Spreng.) Stehlé subsp. pumila (O.E. Schulz)
subsp. hispidum (Desv.) Fisch. & E. Mey. Index Seminum Hort. Greuter & R. Rankin, Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A, 15 (4): 34. 2009;
Petrop. 3: 41. 1837; Nasturtium terrestre (With.) R. Br. var. Nasturtium brevipes (DC.) Griseb. var. pumilum O.E. Schulz in
hispidum (Desv.) S. Watson, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1: 148. 1895; I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 517. 1903; Rorippa portoricensis (Spreng.)
Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás var. hispida (Desv.) Butters & Stehlé var. pumila (O.E. Schulz) Stuckey, Sida 4: 333. 1972.
Abbe, Rhodora 42: 26. 1940. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and South America.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native to Common Names: Berro cimarrón, Rábano de agua (Cuba).
North America. References: 30, 132, 149, 152, 492.
References: 7, 58, 151, 254, 492. Rorippa pyrenaica (L.) Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 2: 15. 1838;
Rorippa hispida (Desv.) Britton subsp. glabra (O.E. Schulz) Greuter Sisymbrium pyrenaicum L., Sp. Pl. 657. 1753; Nasturtium
& R. Rankin, Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A, Pl. Vasc. 15(4): 38. 2009; pyrenaicum (L.) R. Br. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 4: 110.
Nasturtium palustre (L.) DC. var. glabrum O.E. Schulz in I. 1812.
Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 516. 1903; Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser Brachiolobos domingensis Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 183. 1814.
subsp. glabra (O.E. Schulz) Stuckey, Sida 4: 358. 1972. Sisymbrium domingense Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl.
Rorippa islandica sensu Alain, Fl. Cuba Supl. 67. 1969, non (Oeder.) 5: 161. 1817.
Borbás. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Europe.
References: 30, 224, 492. Sinapis alba L., Sp. Pl. 668. 1753.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Brassica hirta Moench, Suppl. Meth. 84. 1802.
Rorippa indica (L.) Hochr. var. apetala (DC.) Hochr. = Rorippa dubia Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
(Pers.) H. Hara Guadeloupe, Martinique); native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Common Names: Moutarde blanche, White mustard (Lesser Antilles),
Rorippa indica (L.) Hochr. var. indica = Rorippa dubia (Pers.) H. Hara Mostaza blanca (Puerto Rico).
Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás, Balaton Tavanak Partmellekenek References: 1, 30, 58, 61, 131, 159.
Novenyfoldr. 2: 392. 1900; Sisymbrium islandicum Oeder, Fl. Sinapis arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 668. 1753.
Dan. 3(7): t. 409. 1768. Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler, Rhodora 40: 306. 1938; Sinapis
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola. kaber DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 617. 1821.
Common Name: Cresson de mer (Haiti). Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and
References: 3, 7, 123. Lesser Antilles.
Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás var. hispida (Desv.) Butters & Abbe = Common Names: Charlock, Mostaza criolla, Wild mustard (Lesser
Rorippa hispida (Desv.) Britton subsp. hispida Antilles).
References: 1, 5, 7, 30, 45, 61, 150, 224, 492.
Rorippa islandica sensu Alain = Rorippa hispida (Desv.) Britton subsp.
glabra (O.E. Schulz) Greuter & R. Rankin
Sinapis brassicata sensu Griseb. = Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. var.
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek = Nasturtium officinale
juncea
R. Br.
Sinapis integrifolia H. West = Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. var. juncea
Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser, Enum. Pl. 27. 1822. Nasturtium palustre
(L.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 191. 1821; Radicula palustris (L.) Moench, Sinapis juncea L. = Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. var. juncea
Methodus 263. 1794. Sinapis kaber DC. = Sinapis arvensis L.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to North America, Europe,
and Asia. Sisymbrium domingense Poir. = Rorippa pyrenaica (L.) Rchb.
References: 30, 61, 151, 159. Sisymbrium ekmanii O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 33. 1926.
Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser subsp. glabra (O.E. Schulz) Stuckey Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
= Rorippa hispida (Desv.) Britton subsp. glabra (O.E. Schulz) References: 5, 7.
Greuter & R. Rankin Sisymbrium haitiense O.E. Schulz, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 34. 1926.
Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser subsp. hispida (Desv.) Rydb. = Rorippa Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
hispida (Desv.) Britton subsp. hispida References: 5, 7.
Sisymbrium islandicum Oeder = Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás Aechmea chromatica C.H. Wright, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1921: 220.
1921.
Sisymbrium murale L. = Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica and South America.
Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L. = Nasturtium officinale R. Br. References: 2, 147.
Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 26. 1772; Aechmea plumieri Baker = Aechmea lingulata (L.) Baker
Erysimum officinale L., Sp. Pl. 660. 1753.
Aechmea reclinata Sastre & Brithmer, Biogeographica (The Hague) 75:
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica and Lesser Antilles
43. 1999.
(Guadeloupe); native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Common Names: Moutarde, Moutarde du pays (Haiti), Hedge mustard
Reference: 147.
(Jamaica), Hedge mustard, Moutarde (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 123, 159, 254. Aechmea serrata Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9: 243.
1896.
Sisymbrium pyrenaicum L. = Rorippa pyrenaica (L.) Rchb.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique)
Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L. = Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Common Name: Ananas sauvage (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 147.
Aechmea smithiorum Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9:
Bromeliaceae
246. 1896, var. smithiorum
Aechmea lavandulacea C.H. Wright, Bot. Mag. 131: t. 8005. 1905.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
Aechmea bracteata (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 592. 1864; Bromelia Vincent).
bracteata Sw., Prodr. 56. 1788. References: 1, 147.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas; native to Mexico, Central America, Aechmea smithiorum Mez var. longistipitata E. Gross, J. Bromeliad
and South America. Soc. 35: 262. 1985.
References: 45, 147. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent).
Aechmea chromatica C.H. Wright = Aechmea paniculigera (Sw.) Reference: 147.
Griseb. Aechmea wrightii Baker = Hohenbergia penduliflora (A. Rich.) Mez
Aechmea decurva Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 203. 1982. Ananas ananas (L.) H. Karst. ex Voss = Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amboin. 133. 1917.
References: 2, 147.
Bromelia ananas L., Sp. Pl. 285. 1753; Ananas ananas (L.) H. Karst. ex
Aechmea distans Griseb. = Hohenbergia distans (Griseb.) Baker Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3, 1: 964. 1895.
Aechmea distans sensu Bello = Hohenbergia antillana Mez Ananas cubensis M. Gómez, Dicc. Bot. Nombres Vulg. Cub. Puerto-
Riq. 90. 1889.
Aechmea fasciata (Lindl.) Baker, J. Bot. 17: 231. 1879. Ananas sativus Schult. & Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes, Syst.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Brazil. Veg. 7: 1283. 1830.
References: 28, 147, 252. Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba,
Aechmea flemingii H. Luther, Phytologia 71: 382. 1992 [“1991”]. Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles, Margarita,
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe). Mexico, Central America, and Old World; native to South
Reference: 147. America.
Common Names: Pineapple (Bahamas), Ananá, Boniama, Piña, Piña
Aechmea lavandulacea C.H. Wright = Aechmea smithiorum Mez var.
blanca, Piña cabezona, Piña criolla, Piña cubana, Piña de Cuba,
smithiorum
Piña de la Habana, Piña de Puerto Rico, Piña de Santo Domingo,
Aechmea lingulata (L.) Baker, J. Bot. 17: 164. 1879; Chevaliera Piña morada, Yayagua, Yayama (Cuba), Ananas, Piña, Z’ananas
lingulata (L.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 591. 1864; Wittmackia (Dominican Republic), Pineapple, Sweet pine (Jamaica), Ananas,
lingulata (L.) Mez in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(3): 275. 1891. Pine, Pineapple (Lesser Antilles), Ananás, Piña (Puerto Rico).
Aechmea plumieri Baker, Handb. Bromel. 50. 1889. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147, 252, 323, 340.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John,
Ananas cubensis M. Gómez = Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.
St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
Dominica, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Ananas sativus Schult. & Schult. f. = Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.
Saba, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Mexico, Central America, Billbergia pyramidalis (Sims) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 13: t. 1068. 1827;
and South America. Bromelia pyramidalis Sims, Bot. Reg. 42: t. 1732. 1815.
Common Names: Ananas marron, Ananas sauvage (Lesser Antilles). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Saba, St.
References: 1, 19, 28, 45, 58, 61, 147, 28, 323. Kitts, St. Lucia ), and South America; exotic in Hispaniola and
Aechmea nudicaulis (L.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 593. 1864; Bromelia Puerto Rico.
nudicaulis L., Sp. Pl. 286. 1753; Pothuava nudicaulis (L.) Regel, Common Names: Bilbergia, Bromelia (Cuba), Lirio del Perú
Gartenflora 31: 291. 1096. 1882. (Dominican Republic), Santa Teresa (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central References: 3, 28, 123, 131, 147, 150.
America, and South America. Bonapartea juncea Ruiz & Pav. = Tillandsia juncea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poir.
Common Names: Curujey (Cuba), Pega pollo (Dominican Republic).
References: 3, 5, 28, 61, 123, 132, 147. Brocchinia plumieri Griseb. = Guzmania plumieri (Griseb.) Mez
Aechmea paniculigera (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 593. 1864; Bromelia Bromelia ananas L. = Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.
paniculigera Sw., Prodr. 56. 1788. Bromelia bracteata Sw. = Aechmea bracteata (Sw.) Griseb.
number 9 8 • 179
Bromelia karatas L., Sp. Pl. 285. 1753; Nidularium karatas (L.) Lem., Catopsis fulgens Griseb. = Catopsis nutans (Sw.) Griseb.
Fl. Brit. W. I. 591. 1864.
Catopsis montana L.B. Sm., Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 6. 1937.
Karatas plumieri E. Morren, Ann. Hort. Belge Étrangère 22: 131. 1872;
Distribution: Native to Cuba and Central America.
Bromelia plumieri (E. Morren) L.B. Sm., Phytologia 15: 173.
References: 3, 147.
1967.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Barbados, St. Catopsis nitida (Hook.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 599. 1864; Tillandsia
Lucia), Mexico, Central America, and South America. nitida Hook., Exot. Fl. 3: t. 218. 1826.
Common Names: Carata, Karatas, Piñuela, Piñuela santa (Cuba), Catopsis nutans sensu Baker, Handb. Broeml. 156. 1889, non (Sw.) Griseb.
Ananas marrón, Maya cimarrona, Maya de puerco, Maya de Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
burro, Maya de ratón, Maya piñón (Dominican Republic), Mexico, and Central America.
Karatas, Pingouin, Pinguin, Pingwing (Lesser Antilles). References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147.
References: 3, 5, 61, 123, 132, 147, 340. Catopsis nitida sensu Baker = Catopsis nutans (Sw.) Griseb.
Bromelia nudicaulis L. = Aechmea nudicaulis (L.) Griseb. Catopsis nutans (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 599. 1864; Tillandsia
Bromelia paniculigera Sw. = Aechmea paniculigera (Sw.) Griseb. nutans Sw., Prodr. 56. 1788.
Catopsis fulgens Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-
Bromelia pinguin L., Sp. Pl. 285. 1753.
Univ. 1864: 21. 1865.
Catopsis nitida sensu Baker, Handb. Broeml. 154. 1889, non (Hook.)
Griseb.
Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, United States (FL,
Martinique, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
state endangered), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 147, 150.
Common Names: Piña ratón, Piña de cerca, Piña de ratón, Piña
cimarrona, Maya, Rubibarbo de la tierra (Cuba), Maya, Ananas Catopsis nutans sensu Baker = Catopsis nitida (Hook.) Griseb.
marrón, Karatas (Dominican Republic), Bayonette pingouin, Catopsis nutans sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Catopsis floribunda
Fleur de Jerichó, Bayonette, Pingouin (Haiti), Ping wing, Pinguin (Brongn.) L.B. Sm.
(Jamaica), Pingouin, Bayonette, Pinguin, Karatas (Lesser Antilles),
Maya, Pinguin (Puerto Rico). Catopsis sessiliflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150, 323, 340. Phan. 9: 625. 1896; Tillandsia sessiliflora Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv.
3: 42. 1802.
Bromelia plumieri (E. Morren) L.B. Sm. = Bromelia karatas L. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Bromelia superba Mez in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 252. 1900. (Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique), Mexico, Central America,
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. and South America.
Caraguata berteroniana Schult. & Schult. f. = Guzmania berteroniana Chevaliera lingulata (L.) Griseb. = Aechmea lingulata (L.) Baker
(Schult. & Schult. f.) Mez Dendropogon usneoides (L.) Raf. = Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.
Caraguata grandiflora Baker = Guzmania berteroniana (Schult. & Devillea speciosa Bertero ex Schult. & Schult. f. = Guzmania
Schult. f.) Mez berteroniana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Mez
Caraguata macrostachya Bello = Vriesea macrostachya (Bello) Mez Glomeropitcairnia penduliflora (Griseb.) Mez, Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser.
Caraguata sintenisii Baker = Vriesea sintenisii (Baker) L.B. Sm. & 2, 5: 232. 1905; Tillandsia penduliflora Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 597.
Pittendr. 1864.
Catopsis berteroniana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle,
Martinique, Montserrat).
Monogr. Phan. 9: 621. 1896; Tillandsia berteroniana Schult. &
Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1221. 1830.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, United Guzmania berteroniana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Mez in A.C.P. de
States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South America. Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9: 904. 1896; Caraguata berteroniana
Common Name: Mealy wild pine (Bahamas). Schult. & Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7:
References: 2, 3, 5, 45, 147, 150. 1229. 1830.
Caraguata grandiflora Baker, Handb. Broeml. 145. 1889.
Catopsis floribunda L.B. Sm., Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 5. 1937;
Devillea speciosa Bertero ex Schult. & Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer & J.A.
Pogospermum floribundum Brongn., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 5, 1:
Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1229. 1830.
329. 1864, nom. provis.
Guzmania erythrolepis sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
Catopsis nitida sensu Duss, Fl. Phan. Antill. Fr. 577. 1897, non (Hook.)
& Virgin Islands 5: 143. 1923, non Planch.
Griseb.
Tillandsia caraguata D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 2: 1059. 1840.
Catopsis nutans sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Panama.
Virgin Islands 5: 137. 1923, non (Sw.) Griseb.
Common Names: Piña de palo, Tinaja, Tinajita (Dominican Republic),
Bejuco de sapo, Mata de agua, Parásita, Pirigallo (Puerto Rico).
Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola,
References: 5, 28, 30, 61, 123, 131, 147, 152.
Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenadines,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Guzmania capituligera (Griseb.) Mez = Mezobromelia capituligera
Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, United States (FL, state (Griseb.) J.R. Grant
endangered), Central America, and South America. Guzmania clavata Urb. = Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez
Common Name: Ananas sauvage (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 3, 19, 28, 45, 61, 147, 150, 323. Guzmania comosa Bertero ex Schult. & Schult. f. = Guzmania
monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez
Guzmania dussii Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9: 923. Guzmania tricolor Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 3: 38. 1802.
1896. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Rico, Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita, United States (FL), Central
Martinique, Nevis). America, and South America.
References: 1, 147. Common Names: Curujey (Cuba), Piña de agua, Piña de palo, Tinaja,
Tinajita (Dominican Republic).
Guzmania ekmanii (Harms) Harms ex Mez in H.G.A. Engler, Planzenr.
References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147, 150, 323, 340.
4(32): 626. 1935; Schlumbergeria ekmanii Harms, Notizbl. Bot.
Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 804. 1929. Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez var. alba Ariza-Julia =
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez
References: 5, 147. Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez var. variegata M.B. Foster =
Guzmania erythrolepis Brongn. ex Planch., Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 11: 25. Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez
1856. Guzmania plumieri (Griseb.) Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. Phan. 9: 950. 1896; Brocchinia plumieri Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.
References: 2, 3, 28, 147. 593. 1864.
Note: Erroneously reported for Hispaniola by Smith & Downs (359). Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Guzmania erythrolepis sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Guzmania Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
berteroniana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Mez St. Vincent) and French Guiana.
Guzmania fawcettii Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9: 951.
1896. Guzmania sintenisii (Baker) Mez = Vriesea sintenisii (Baker) L.B. Sm. &
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Pittendr.
References: 2, 147. Guzmania tricolor Ruiz & Pav. = Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby
Guzmania harrisii Mez = Mezobromelia capituligera (Griseb.) J.R. Grant ex Mez
Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. Guzmania urbaniana Mez = Vriesea antillana L.B. Sm. & Pittendr.
9: 899. 1896, var. lingulata; Tillandsia lingulata L., Sp. Pl. 286. Guzmania wrightii L.B. Sm. = Vriesea platynema Gaudich. var. wrightii
1753. (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.
Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez var. splendens (Planch.) Mez in H.G.A.
Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 32 (Heft 100, 4): 609. 1935. Hepetis latifolia (Andrews ex Aiton) Raeusch. = Pitcairnia angustifolia
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, Sol. ex Aiton var. angustifolia
and South America. Hepetis latifolia (Andrews ex Aiton) Raeusch. var. cubensis Mez =
References: 2, 28, 30, 61, 147. Pitcairnia cubensis (Mez) L.B. Sm.
Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez var. concolor Proctor & Cedeño-Mald., Hohenbergia abbreviata L.B. Sm. & Proctor, Phytologia 7: 253. 1960.
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 209. 2005. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser References: 2, 147.
Hohenbergia antillana Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9:
Martinique, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita,
137. 1896.
Aechmea distans sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 121.
Common Names: Curujey, Curujey lengua de vaca, Flor de incienso,
1883, non Griseb.
Lengua de vaca de árbol, Picha jutía (Cuba), Piña de agua, Piña
Hohenbergia tetaensis Proctor & Cedeño-Mald., Harvard Pap. Bot. 4:
de palo, Tinaja, Tinajita (Dominican Republic), Ananas sauvage,
111. 1999.
Caraguata (Lesser Antilles).
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Guana).
References: 1, 3, 5, 28, 30, 132, 147, 323, 359.
References: 28, 30, 61, 147, 237, 340.
Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez var. splendens (Planch.) Mez = Guzmania
Hohenbergia attenuata Britton = Hohenbergia portoricensis Mez
lingulata (L.) Mez var. lingulata
Hohenbergia brittoniana L.B. Sm., Contr. Gray Herb. 98: 8. 1932.
Guzmania megastachya (Baker) Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr.
Phan. 9: 928. 1896; Tillandsia megastachya Baker, J. Bot. 26: 46.
References: 2, 147.
1888.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Lesser Antilles Hohenbergia caymanensis Britton ex L.B. Sm., Contr. Gray Herb. 106:
(Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. 150. 1935.
Lucia, St. Vincent) and Tobago. Distribution: Endemic to Cayman Islands.
Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Hohenbergia distans (Griseb.) Baker, Refug. Bot. (Saunders) 4: t. 284.
Monogr. Phan. 9: 905. 1896; Tillandsia monostachia (L.) L., Sp. 1871; Aechmea distans Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 253. 1866.
Pl., ed. 2, 410. 1762. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Guzmania clavata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 99. 1917. References: 2, 147.
Guzmania comosa Bertero ex Schult. & Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Hohenbergia eriostachya Mez in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 255. 1900.
Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1232. 1830. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez var. alba Ariza-Julia, Bull. References: 2, 30, 147.
Bromeliad Soc. 9: 38. 1959.
Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez var. variegata M.B. Foster, Hohenbergia fawcettii Mez in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 254. 1900.
Bull. Bromeliad Soc. 3: 30. 1953. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
number 9 8 • 181
Hohenbergia gnetacea Mez. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(3): 272. Neovriesia guadelupensis (Baker) Stehlé = Vriesea guadalupensis
1891. (Baker) Mez
Neovriesia macrostachya (Bello) Britton = Vriesea macrostachya (Bello)
References: 2, 147.
Mez
Hohenbergia inermis Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 414.
Nidularium karatas (L.) Lem. = Bromelia karatas L.
1913.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Pitcairnia angustifolia Sol. ex Aiton, Hortus Kew. 1: 401. 1789, var.
References: 2, 147. angustifolia
Hepetis latifolia (Andrews ex Aiton) Raeusch., Nomencl. Bot. 91. 1797;
Hohenbergia jamaicana L.B. Sm. & Proctor, Phytologia 7: 251. 1960.
Pitcairnia latifolia Andrews ex Aiton, Hortus Kew. 1: 401. 1789.
Pitcairnia furfuracea J. Jacq., Ecl. Pl. Rar. 1: 117. 1816.
References: 2, 147.
Pitcairnia gracilis Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9: 407. 1896.
Hohenbergia laesslei L.B. Sm., Bull. Bromeliad Soc. 6: 52. 1956. Pitcairnia ramosa J. Jacq., Ecl. Pl. Rar. 1: 154. 1816.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Pitcairnia tomentosa F. Dietr. ex Beer, Fam. Brom. 64. 1856.
References: 2, 147. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico, Virgin
Hohenbergia negrilensis Britton ex L.B. Sm., Contr. Gray Herb. 106: Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), and Lesser
151. 1935. Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts,
References: 2, 147. St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Common Names: Erizo, Piña cortadora, Piña de cuervo (Puerto Rico).
Hohenbergia penduliflora (A. Rich.) Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, References: 1, 5, 19, 28, 30, 61, 131, 147, 340.
Monogr. Phan. 9: 135. 1896; Pitcairnia penduliflora A. Rich. in
R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 262. 1850. Pitcairnia angustifolia Sol. ex Aiton var. simplicior Proctor & Cedeño-
Aechmea wrightii Baker, J. Bot. 17: 163. 1879. Mald, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 214. 2005.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and possibly Martinique (Lesser
and Jamaica. Antilles).
Common Name: Curujey (Cuba). Reference: 28.
References: 2, 3, 147. Pitcairnia bifrons (Lindl.) Read, Phytologia 19: 277. 1970; Billbergia
Hohenbergia polycephala (Baker) Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. bifrons Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. London 8: 54. 1853.
Phan. 9: 133. 1896. Pitcairnia fulgens Decne., Cat. General 18. 1850.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Pitcairnia spicata (Lam.) Mez f. latior L.B. Sm., Phytologia 15: 196. 1967.
References: 2, 147. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Kitts).
References: 1, 5, 30, 147, 375.
Hohenbergia portoricensis Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan.
9: 136. 1896. Pitcairnia bromeliifolia L’Hér., Sert. Angl. 7. 1789, var. bromeliifolia
Hohenbergia attenuata Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Hepetis angustifolia Sw., Prodr. 56. 1788.
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 134. 1923. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. References: 2, 30, 147, 254, 359.
References: 28, 147. Pitcairnia bromeliifolia L’Hér. var. graminifolia Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.
Hohenbergia proctorii L.B. Sm., Phytologia 7: 252. 1960. 594. 1864.
Hohenbergia spinulosa Mez in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 253. 1900. Pitcairnia bromeliifolia L’Hér. var. wynteri Read, Brittonia 21: 90. 1969.
Hohenbergia tetaensis Proctor & Cedeño-Mald. = Hohenbergia Pitcairnia cubensis (Mez) L.B. Sm., Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 24. 1937;
antillana Mez Hepetis latifolia (Andrews ex Aiton) Raeusch. var. cubensis Mez
in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9:
Hohenbergia urbaniana Mez in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 253. 1900. 974. 1896.
Karatas plumieri E. Morren = Bromelia karatas L. Pitcairnia domingensis L.B. Sm., Phytologia 10: 45. 1964.
Mezobromelia capituligera (Griseb.) J.R. Grant, Phytologia 74: 428. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
1993; Tillandsia capituligera Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 254. 1866; References: 147, 359.
Guzmania capituligera (Griseb.) Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Pitcairnia elizabethae L.B. Sm., Bull. Bromeliad Soc. 8: 21. 1958.
Monogr. Phan. 9: 926. 1896; Thecophyllum capituligerum (Griseb.) Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
L.B. Sm., Contr. Gray Herb. 98: 14. 1932; Vriesea capituligera References: 147, 359.
(Griseb.) L.B. Sm. & Pittendr., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 43: 402. 1953.
Guzmania harrisii Mez in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Pitcairnia fuertesii Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 415. 1913.
Monogr. Phan. 9: 927. 1896. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles Common Names: Maya cimarrona, Mayita (Dominican Republic).
(Guadeloupe, Nevis) and South America. References: 5, 123, 147, 359.
References: 1, 2, 3, 30, 124, 147. Pitcairnia fulgens Decne. = Pitcairnia bifrons (Lindl.) Read
Pitcairnia furfuracea J. Jacq. = Pitcairnia angustifolia Sol. ex Aiton var. Renealmia polystachia L. = Tillandsia polystachia (L.) L.
angustifolia Renealmia recurvata L. = Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L.
Pitcairnia gracilis Mez = Pitcairnia angustifolia Sol. ex Aiton var. Renealmia usneoides L. = Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.
angustifolia
Schlumbergeria ekmanii Harms = Guzmania ekmanii (Harms) Harms
Pitcairnia jareckii Proctor & Cedeño-Mald., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
52: 215. 2005. Thecophyllum capituligerum (Griseb.) L.B. Sm. = Mezobromelia
Distribution: Endemic to Virgin Islands (Guana). capituligera (Griseb.) J.R. Grant
References: 28, 147. Thecophyllum sintenisii (Baker) Mez = Vriesea sintenisii (Baker) L.B.
Pitcairnia jimenezii L.B. Sm., Phytologia 7: 1. 1959. Sm. & Pittendr.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Tillandsia adamsii Read, Phytologia 28: 21. 1974.
Pitcairnia latifolia Andrews ex Aiton = Pitcairnia angustifolia Sol. ex References: 147, 149.
Aiton var. angustifolia Tillandsia aloifolia Hook. = Tillandsia flexuosa Sw.
Pitcairnia micotrinensis Read, Phytologia 19: 278. 1970. Tillandsia anceps sensu Baker = Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. var.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique). fasciculata
Tillandsia angustifolia Sw. = Tillandsia polystachia (L.) L.
Pitcairnia penduliflora A. Rich. = Hohenbergia penduliflora (A. Rich.)
Tillandsia antillana L.B. Sm., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 282. 1949.
Mez
Pitcairnia ramosa J. Jacq. = Pitcairnia angustifolia Sol. ex Aiton var. Antilles (Guadeloupe, Montserrat).
angustifolia References: 1, 2, 147.
Pitcairnia samuelssonii L.B. Sm., Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 28. 1937. Tillandsia araeostachya Harms = Tillandsia jenmanii Baker
Tillandsia argentea Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 254. 1866.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, and Guatemala.
Pitcairnia spicata (Lam.) Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9: References: 2, 3, 147.
392. 1896; Bromelia spicata Lam., Encycl. 1: 146. 1783.
Tillandsia ariza-juliae L.B. Sm. & J. Jiménez Alm., Phytologia 6: 433.
1959.
References: 1, 147.
Pitcairnia spicata (Lam.) Mez f. latior L.B. Sm. = Pitcairnia bifrons Puerto Rico.
(Lindl.) Read References: 28, 147.
Pitcairnia spicata (Lam.) Mez f. pallida L.B. Sm. = Pitcairnia sulphurea Tillandsia axillaris Griseb. = Tillandsia complanata Benth.
(H.L. Wendl. ex Hook.) Mez
Tillandsia balbisiana J.A. & J.H. Schult., Syst. Veg. 7: 1212. 1830.
Pitcairnia sulphurea Andrews, Bot. Repos. 4: t. 249. 1802. Tillandsia cubensis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 290. 1920 [“1919”]
Pitcairnia spicata (Lam.) Mez f. pallida L.B. Sm., Phytologia 15: 196. 1967. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Pitcairnia sulphurea (H.L. Wendl. ex Hook.) Mez, Monogr. Phan. 9: Jamaica, United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South
456. 1896, nom. illeg. America.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent). Common Names: Cuttlefish (Bahamas), Curujey, Curujey bonito
References: 1, 147, 375. (Cuba), Piña de palo, Tinaja, Tinajita (Dominican Republic),
Pitcairnia tomentosa F. Dietr. ex Beer = Pitcairnia angustifolia Sol. ex Perroquet (Haiti).
Aiton var. angustifolia References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 45, 123, 147, 150.
Pitcairnia xanthocalyx Mart. Index Seminum (München) 1848 (And.): Tillandsia baliophylla Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12:
4. 1848. 538. 1935.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola (Haiti); native to Mexico. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Pogospermum floribundum Brongn. = Catopsis floribunda L.B. Sm. Tillandsia berteroniana Schult. & Schult. f. = Catopsis berteroniana
(Schult. & Schult. f.) Mez
Pothuava nudicaulis (L.) Regel = Aechmea nudicaulis (L.) Griseb.
Tillandsia borinquensis Cedeño-Mald. & Proctor, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4:
Racinaea fawcettii (Mez) M.A. Spencer & L.B. Sm. = Tillandsia 113. 1999.
fawcettii Mez Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Racinaea jenmanii (Baker) M.A. Spencer & L.B. Sm. = Tillandsia References: 28, 147.
jenmanii Baker Tillandsia breviscapa A. Rich. = Tillandsia pruinosa Sw.
Racinaea lescaillei (C. Wright) M.A. Spencer & L.B. Sm. = Tillandsia Tillandsia bromoides Mez = Tillandsia setacea Sw.
lescaillei C. Wright
Tillandsia buchii Urb. = Tillandsia compressa Bertero ex Schult. &
Racinaea spiculosa (Griseb.) M.A. Spencer & L.B. Sm. = Tillandsia Schult. f.
spiculosa Griseb.
Tillandsia bulbosa Hook., Exot. Fl. 3: t. 173. 1825.
Racinaea tetrantha (Ruiz & Pav.) M.A. Spencer & L.B. Sm. var. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
caribaea (L.B. Sm.) M.A. Spencer & L.B. Sm. = Tillandsia Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique),
tetrantha Ruiz & Pav. var. caribaea (L.B. Sm.) Gouda Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
number 9 8 • 183
Common Name: Curujey (Cuba). Tillandsia excelsa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 254. 1866.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 147, 28, 45, 61, 323. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Central
America.
Tillandsia calcicola L.B. Sm. & Proctor, Phytologia 16: 77. 1968.
References: 2, 147. Tillandsia fasciculata Sw., Prodr. 56. 1788, var. fasciculata
Tillandsia anceps sensu Baker, non Lodd., J. Bot. 25: 239. 1887.
Tillandsia canescens Sw., Prodr. 57. 1788.
Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. var. unispica Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica;
Monogr. Phan. 9: 684. 1896.
reported for Trinidad.
Vriesea glaucophylla Hook., Bot. Mag. 74: t. 4415. 1848.
Common Name: Curujey (Cuba).
References: 2, 3, 132, 147.
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles
Tillandsia capitata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 255. 1866. (Dominica, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Martin,
Tillandsia tephrophylla Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: St. Vincent), Trinidad, Curaçao, United States (FL), Mexico,
800. 1929. Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and Mexico. Common Names: Clustered wild pine, Dog-drink-water (Bahamas),
References: 3, 147. Curujey, Curujey bonito (Cuba), Panqui, Piña, Piña de palo,
Tillandsia capituligera Griseb. = Mezobromelia capituligera (Griseb.) Tinaja, Tinajita (Dominican Republic), Perroquet (Haiti).
J.R. Grant References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 19, 28, 30, 45, 123, 147, 340, 359.
Tillandsia caraguata D. Dietr. = Guzmania berteroniana (Schult. & Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. var. clavispica Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle,
Schult. f.) Mez Monogr. Phan. 9: 683. 1896.
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, United States (FL), and
Tillandsia caribaea L.B. Sm. = Tillandsia tetrantha Ruiz & Pav. var. Mexico.
caribaea (L.B. Sm.) Gouda References: 3, 4, 147, 150.
Tillandsia circinnata Schltdl. = Tillandsia streptophylla Scheidw. ex E. Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. var. densispica Mez in A.L.P.P. de Candolle
Morren & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9: 683. 1896.
Tillandsia compacta Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts- Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Margarita, United States (FL),
Univ. 1864: 18. 1864. Mexico, and Central America.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and South America. References: 147, 150, 323.
References: 3, 147. Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. var. laxispica Mez in A.L.P.P. de Candolle &
Tillandsia complanata Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 173. 1846. A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9: 684. 1896.
Tillandsia axillaris Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 597. 1864. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and Mexico.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Central America, and South References: 359.
America. Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. var. unispica Mez = Tillandsia fasciculata Sw.
References: 2, 3, 147. var. fasciculata
Tillandsia compressa Bertero ex Schult. & Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer & Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. var. venosispica Mez = Tillandsia compressa
J.A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1210. 1830. Bertero ex Schult. & Schult. f.
Tillandsia buchii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 99. 1917.
Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. var. venosispica Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Tillandsia fawcettii Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9:
Monogr. Phan. 9: 683. 1896. 752. 1896; Racinaea fawcettii (Mez) M.A. Spencer & L.B. Sm.,
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Mexico, and Central America. Phytologia 74: 154. 1993.
References: 2, 30, 61, 147, 149. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 2, 3, 147, 359.
Tillandsia cowellii Mez & Britton = Vriesea cowellii (Mez & Britton) Note: Erroneously reported for Cuba and Hispaniola based on
L.B. Sm. collections of Tillandsia lescaillei Wright
Tillandsia cubensis Gand. = Tillandsia balbisiana J.A. & J.H. Schult. Tillandsia fendleri Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-
Tillandsia didistichoides Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9: Univ. 1864: 17. 1864, var fendleri
778. 1896; Vriesea didistichoides (Mez) L.B. Sm., Phytologia 5: Tillandsia incurvata C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
281. 1955. Habana 8: 54. 1871.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), Tillandsia smithiana Carabia, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey”
Margarita, and Mexico. 15: 257. 1941.
References: 1, 3, 147, 323. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and South America.
Common Name: Gallo (Dominican Republic).
Tillandsia dissitiflora C. Wright = Vriesea dissitiflora (C. Wright) Mez
References: 2, 3, 5, 123, 147, 359.
Tillandsia domingensis Mez = Tillandsia variabilis Schltdl.
Tillandsia festucoides Brongn. ex Mez, Monogr. Phan. 9: 678. 1896.
Tillandsia eggersii Baker = Tillandsia schiedeana Steud. Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Tillandsia ekmanii Harms = Tillandsia paniculata (L.) L. Rico, Mexico, and Central America.
Common Names: Piña de palo, Tinaja, Tinajita (Dominican Republic).
Tillandsia elongata Kunth var. subimbricata (Baker) L.B. Sm., J. Wash. References: 2, 4, 5, 28, 41, 61, 123, 147, 150.
Acad. Sci. 43: 68. 1953; Tillandsia subimbricata Baker, J. Bot. 25:
304. 1887. Tillandsia flexuosa Sw., Prodr. 56. 1788.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, Tillandsia aloifolia Hook., Exot. Fl. 3: t. 205. 1826.
and South America. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
References: 2, 147, 323, 359. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Grenadines, St. Vincent),
Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, United Tillandsia magna Ekman & Harms, Ark. Bot. 23A(6) 16. 1930.
States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and northern South Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
America. Common Names: Piña de palo, Tinaja, Tinajita (Dominican Republic).
Common Name: Flexuous wild pine (Bahamas). References: 30, 123, 147, 244, 359.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 28, 45, 147, 150, 323. Tillandsia paucifolia Baker, Gard. Chron., n.s. 10: 748. 1878.
Tillandsia flexuosa Sw. var. pallida Lindl. = Tillandsia utriculata L. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
United States (FL), Mexico, and South America.
Tillandsia haplostachya C. Wright = Vriesea haplostachya (C. Wright)
References: 4, 40, 45, 147, 150.
L.B. Sm.
Tillandsia penduliflora Griseb. = Glomeropitcairnia penduliflora
Tillandsia hotteana Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 16. 1921.
(Griseb.) Mez
Hispaniola. Tillandsia platynema (Gaudich.) Griseb. = Vriesea platynema Gaudich.
References: 3, 147. var. platynema
Tillandsia incurva Griseb. = Vriesea incurva (Griseb.) Read Tillandsia polystachia (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 410. 1762; Renealmia
polystachia L., Sp. Pl. 286. 1753.
Tillandsia incurvata C. Wright = Tillandsia fendleri Griseb.
Tillandsia angustifolia Sw., Prodr. 57. 1788.
Tillandsia ingens Mez = Vriesea sanguinolenta Cogn. & Marchal Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Tillandsia jenmanii Baker, J. Bot. 25: 345. 1887; Racinaea jenmanii Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
(Baker) M.A. Spencer & L.B. Sm., Phytologia 74: 154. 1993. Lucia, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Tillandsia araeostachya Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: Common Names: Curujey, Flor del aire (Cuba), Piña de palo, Tinaja,
797. 1929. Tinajita (Dominican Republic), Perroquet (Haiti), Parásita, Piñon
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and northern South America. (Puerto Rico).
References: 3, 147, 316. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 45, 61, 123, 131, 147.
Tillandsia juncea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Tillandsia praschekii Ehlers & Willinger, Bromelie 1989: 36. 1989.
Suppl. 5: 309. 1817; Bonapartea juncea Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 3: Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
38. 1802. Reference: 147.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central Tillandsia pruinosa Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 594. 1797.
America, and South America. Tillandsia breviscapa A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 147, 359. 11: 265. 1850.
Tillandsia kuzmae Ehlers, J. Bromeliad Soc. 50: 113. 2000. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, United
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Reference: 147. References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 147, 150.
Tillandsia laxa Griseb. = Tillandsia variabilis Schltdl. Tillandsia pulchella Hook. = Tillandsia tenuifolia L. var. tenuifolia
Tillandsia lescaillei C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Tillandsia pulchra Hook. = Tillandsia tenuifolia L. var. tenuifolia
Habana 8: 53. 1871; Racinaea lescaillei (C. Wright) M.A. Spencer Tillandsia pulchra Hook. var. vaginata Wawra = Tillandsia tenuifolia
& L.B. Sm., Phytologia 74: 155. 1993. L. var. vaginata (Wawra) L.B. Sm.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and Venezuela.
Tillandsia ramosa Bello = Tillandsia utriculata L.
Tillandsia ramosa Sweet = Tillandsia utriculata L.
Tillandsia x lineatispica Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9:
699. 1896. Tillandsia rangelensis Hechav., Selbyana 29 (2): 180. 2009.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico (Culebra & Vieques) and Virgin Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Islands (St. John). References: 149, 152.
References: 19, 28, 61, 147. Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 410. 1762; Renealmia
Tillandsia lingulata L. = Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez var. lingulata recurvata L., Sp. Pl. 287. 1753.
Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. f. major André, Bromel. Andr. 65. 1889.
Tillandsia magna Ekman & Harms = Tillandsia paniculata (L.) L.
Tillandsia megastachya Baker = Guzmania megastachya (Baker) Mez Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
Tillandsia monostachia (L.) L. = Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Guadeloupe,
ex Mez Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Redonda, Saba, St. Eustatius, St.
Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita,
Tillandsia moscosoi L.B. Sm. & J. Jiménez Alm., Phytologia 5: 281. 1955. southern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. America.
References: 147, 359. Common Names: Thread-leaved wild pine (Bahamas), Gungulén, Piña
Tillandsia nitida Hook. = Catopsis nitida (Hook.) Griseb. de los alambres (Dominican Republic), Barbe espagnole (Haiti),
Old man’s beard (Jamaica), Old man’s beard (Lesser Antilles),
Tillandsia nutans Sw. = Catopsis nutans (Sw.) Griseb.
Nidos de gungulén (Puerto Rico).
Tillandsia paniculata (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 410. 1762; Vriesea References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 123, 131, 147, 323.
paniculata (L.) Mez in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle,
Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. f. major André = Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L.
Monogr. Phan. 9: 614. 1896.
Tillandsia ekmanii Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 59. Tillandsia ringens Griseb. = Vriesea ringens (Griseb.) Harms
1930. Tillandsia schiedeana Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 688. 1841.
number 9 8 • 185
Tillandsia eggersii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 170. 1889. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Central America, and
Tillandsia vestita Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 6: 52. 1831. northern South America.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central References: 3, 147, 359.
America, and South America. Tillandsia trelawniensis Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 204. 1982.
Common Names: Piña de palo, Tinaja, Tinajita (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 2, 3, 30, 147, 210. Reference: 147.
Tillandsia selleana Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 799. Tillandsia tuerckheimii Mez = Vriesea tuerckheimii (Mez) L.B. Sm.
1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Tillandsia turquinensis Willinger & Michálek, J. Bromeliad Soc. 39: 8.
Jamaica. 1989.
Reference: 147.
Tillandsia sessiliflora Ruiz & Pav. = Catopsis sessiliflora (Ruiz & Pav.)
Mez Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 411. 1762; Renealmia
usneoides L., Sp. Pl. 287. 1753; Dendropogon usneoides (L.) Raf.,
Tillandsia setacea Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 593. 1797. Neogenyton: 3. 1825.
Tillandsia bromoides Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 419. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
1913. Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica,
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
Puerto Rico, United States (FL, GA), Mexico, Guatemala, and Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), southeastern
Brazil. United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Name: Curujey bonito (Cuba). Common Names: Old man’s beard, Spanish moss (Bahamas), Guajaca,
References: 2, 4, 28, 35, 132, 147. Yedra (Dominican Republic), Barbe bois, Barbe espagnole, Barbe
Tillandsia sintenisii Baker = Tillandsia utriculata L. pagnole, Barbe pangnole (Haiti), Old man’s beard, Spanish moss
(Jamaica), Barbe à bois, Barbe à negre, Old man’s beard, Queue de
Tillandsia smithiana Carabia = Tillandsia fendleri Griseb.
cheval (Lesser Antilles), Barbas de úcar (Puerto Rico), Old man’s
Tillandsia spiculosa Griseb., Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen Jahresber. beard, Spanish moss (Virgin Islands).
1864: 17. 1865; Racinaea spiculosa (Griseb.) M.A. Spencer & References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 123, 131, 295, 340, 359.
L.B. Sm., Phytologia 74: 157. 1993.
Tillandsia utriculata L., Sp. Pl. 286. 1753.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Trinidad, Margarita, southern
Tillandsia flexuosa Sw. var. pallida Lindl., Bot. Reg. 9: t. 749. 1823.
Tillandsia ramosa Sweet, Hort. Brit. 425. 1826.
References: 147, 316, 323, 359.
Tillandsia ramosa Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 121. 1883.
Tillandsia streptophylla Scheidw. ex E. Morren, Hort. Belge 3: 252. Tillandsia sintenisii Baker, J. Bot. 26: 12. 1888.
1836. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Tillandsia circinnata Schltdl., Linnaea 18: 430. 1844. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Margarita, St. John, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Mexico, and Central America. Antigua, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
References: 3, 4, 5, 40, 45, 147, 323, 150. Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts,
Tillandsia subimbricata Baker = Tillandsia elongata Kunth var. St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Curaçao, United States (FL),
subimbricata (Baker) L.B. Sm. Mexico, Central America, and northern South America.
Common Names: Swollen wild pine (Bahamas), Curujey, Curujey
Tillandsia sublaxa Baker = Tillandsia variabilis Schltdl. blanco (Cuba), Piña de palo, Tinaja, Tinajita (Dominican
Tillandsia swartzii Baker = Vriesea swartzii (Baker) Mez Republic), Perroquet (Haiti), Barbe à bois, Barbe à negre, Old
man’s beard, Queue de cheval (Lesser Antilles).
Tillandsia tenuifolia L., Sp. Pl. 286. 1753, var. tenuifolia
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147, 150, 152, 340.
Tillandsia pulchra Hook., Exot. Fl. 2: t. 154. 1825.
Tillandsia pulchella Hook., Exot. Fl. 2: t. 154. 1825. Tillandsia valenzuelana A. Rich. = Tillandsia variabilis Schltdl.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Tillandsia variabilis Schltdl., Linnaea 18: 418. 1844.
Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia), Margarita, and South America. Tillandsia domingensis Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 73.
Common Name: Curujey bonito (Cuba). 1919.
References: 1, 2, 3, 28, 61, 132, 147, 323, 359. Tillandsia laxa Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 596. 1864.
Tillandsia tenuifolia L. var. vaginata (Wawra) L.B. Sm., Phytologia Tillandsia sublaxa Baker, J. Bot. 25: 280. 1887.
8: 220. 1962; Tillandsia pulchra Hook. var. vaginata Wawra, Tillandsia valenzuelana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Oesterr. Bot. Z. 30: 224. 1880. 11: 267. 1850.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Martinique )and South Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, United
America. States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Tillandsia tephrophylla Harms = Tillandsia capitata Griseb. Tillandsia vestita Schltdl. & Cham. = Tillandsia schiedeana Steud.
Tillandsia tetrantha Ruiz & Pav. var. caribaea (L.B. Sm.) Gouda, Fl. Vriesea antillana L.B. Sm. & Pittendr., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 43: 403.
Guianas, Ser. A, 3(189): 65. 1987; Tillandsia caribaea L.B. Sm., 1953; Guzmania urbaniana Mez in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P.
Contr. Gray Herb. 106: 155. 1935; Racinaea tetrantha (Ruiz & de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 9: 920. 1896, non Vriesea urbaniana
Pav.) M.A. Spencer & L.B. Sm. var. caribaea (L.B. Sm.) M.A. Harms, 1935; Werauhia urbaniana (Mez) J.R. Grant, Phytologia
Spencer & L.B. Sm., Phytologia 74: 158. 1993. 79: 255. 1996 [“1995”].
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, Margarita, Central
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia). America, and South America.
References: 1, 147. References: 2, 30, 147, 323, 359.
Vriesea capituligera (Griseb.) L.B. Sm. & Pittendr. = Mezobromelia Vriesea platynema Gaudich. var. wrightii (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.,
capituligera (Griseb.) J.R. Grant Phytologia 7: 174. 1960; Guzmania wrightii L.B. Sm., Contr. Gray
Herb. 117: 11. 1937; Vriesea wrightii (L.B. Sm.) Carabia, Mem.
Vriesea cowellii (Mez & Britton) L.B. Sm., Phytologia 16: 80. 1968;
Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 15: 361. 1941.
Tillandsia cowellii Mez & Britton, Bull. Herb. Boissier, Ser. 2, 3:
225. 1903; Werauhia cowellii (Mez & Britton) J.R. Grant, Trop.
References: 3, 147.
Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 91: 40. 1995.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (St. Kitts) and Venezuela. Vriesea proctorii (Cedeño-Mald.) Acev.-Rodr., comb. nov.; Werauhia
Reference: 147. proctorii Cedeño-Mald., Harvard Pap. Bot. 4: 115. 1999.
Vriesea didistichoides (Mez) L.B. Sm. = Tillandsia didistichoides Mez
Vriesea dissitiflora (C. Wright) Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr.
Vriesea ringens (Griseb.) Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem
Phan. 9: 604. 1896; Tillandsia dissitiflora C. Wright in F.A.
10: 801. 1929;Tillandsia ringens Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 255.
Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 54. 1871.
1866; Werauhia ringens (Griseb.) J.R. Grant, Trop. Subtrop.
Vriesea erici Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 533. 1935.
Pflanzenwelt 91: 35. 1995.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Vriesea erici Harms = Vriesea dissitiflora (C. Wright) Mez Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St.
Vriesea gibba L.B. Sm., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 524. 1954; Lucia, St. Vincent).
Werauhia gibba (L.B. Sm.) J.R. Grant, Phytologia 79: 255. 1996 References: 1, 2, 3, 28, 124, 147.
[“1995”]. Vriesea sanguinolenta Cogn. & Marchal, Pl. Ornem. 2: 1874;
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Werauhia sanguinolenta (Cogn. & Marchal) J.R. Grant, Trop.
References: 2, 147. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 91: 35. 1995.
Vriesea glaucophylla Hook. = Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. var. Tillandsia ingens Mez in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 256. 1900.
fasciculata Vriesea urbaniana Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 532.
1935.
Vriesea guadelupensis (Baker) Mez, Monogr. Phan. 9: 596. 1896; Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Central America,
Werauhia guadelupensis (Baker) J.R. Grant, Phytologia 79: 255. and South America.
1996 [“1995”]; Neovriesia guadalupensis (Baker) Stahlé, Fl. References: 2, 3, 30, 147.
Guadeloupe 1: 212. 1936; Tillandsia guadelupensis Baker, Handb.
Bromel. 213. 1889. Vriesea sintenisii (Baker) L.B. Sm. & Pittendr., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 43:
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, 403. 1953; Caraguata sintenisii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 145. 1889;
Guadeloupe, Montserrat). Guzmania sintenisii (Baker) Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr.
References: 1, 147. Phan. 9: 920. 1896; Thecophyllum sintenisii (Baker) Mez, Bull.
Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, 3: 131. 1903; Werauhia sintenisii (Baker)
Vriesea haplostachya (C. Wright) L.B. Sm., Contr. Gray Herb. 114: 9. J.R. Grant, Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 91: 48. 1995.
1936; Tillandsia haplostachya C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 73. 1871; Werauhia haplostachya Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.
(C. Wright) J.R. Grant, Phytologia 79: 255. 1996 [“1995”]. References: 2, 3, 28, 58, 61, 147.
References: 3, 147, 350. Vriesea swartzii (Baker) Mez in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 32 (Heft
100): 400. 1935; Tillandsia swartzii Baker, J. Bot. 26: 12. 1888.
Vriesea incurva (Griseb.) Read, Phytologia 16: 458. 1968; Tillandsia Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
incurva Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. References: 2, 30, 147.
1864: 15. 1864.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Central America, Vriesea tuerckheimii (Mez) L.B. Sm., Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 33. 1937;
and South America. Tillandsia tuerckheimii Mez in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 174. 1912.
Vriesea macrostachya (Bello) Mez in A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr.
Phan. 9: 601. 1896; Caraguata macrostachya Bello, Anales Soc. Vriesea urbaniana Harms = Vriesea sanguinolenta Cogn. & Marchal
Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 122. 1883; Neovriesia macrostachya (Bello) Vriesea wrightii (L.B. Sm.) Carabia = Vriesea platynema Gaudich. var.
Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin wrightii (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.
Islands 5: 142. 1923.
Werauhia broadwayi (L.B. Sm.) J.R. Grant = Vriesea broadwayi L.B. Sm.
and Puerto Rico. Werauhia cowellii (Mez & Britton) J.R. Grant = Vriesea cowellii (Mez
Common Names: Parásita, Pirigallo (Puerto Rico). & Britton) L.B. Sm.
References: 3, 28, 61, 131, 147, 152, 156, 340. Werauhia gibba (L.B. Sm.) J.R. Grant = Vriesea gibba L.B. Sm.
Vriesea paniculata (L.) Mez = Tillandsia paniculata (L.) L. Werauhia guadelupensis (Baker) J.R. Grant = Vriesea guadelupensis
Vriesea platynema Gaudich., Voy. Bonite, Bot. f. 66. 1843, var. (Baker) Mez
platynema; Tillandsia platynema (Gaudich.) Griseb., Nachr. Werauhia haplostachya (C. Wright) J.R. Grant = Tillandsia
Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1864: 19. 1864. haplostachya C. Wright
number 9 8 • 187
Werauhia proctorii Cedeño-Mald. = Vriesea proctorii (Cedeño-Mald.) Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnhart ex Small var. hymenanthera (Miq.)
Acev.-Rodr. Jonker in A.A. Pulle, Fl. Suriname 1: 186. 1938; Apteria
hymenanthera Miq., Stirp. Surinam. Select. 216. 1851.
Werauhia ringens (Griseb.) J.R. Grant = Vriesea ringens (Griseb.) Harms
Apteria setacea Nutt., J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 64. 1834;
Werauhia sanguinolenta (Cogn. & Marchal) J.R. Grant = Vriesea Nemitis setacea (Nutt.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 33. 1838.
sanguinolenta Cogn. & Marchal Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Werauhia sintenisii (Baker) J.R. Grant = Vriesea sintenisii (Baker) L.B. Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts),
Sm. & Pittendr. Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South
America.
Werauhia urbaniana (Mez) J.R. Grant = Vriesea antillana L.B. Sm. & References: 2, 3, 28, 61, 147, 151, 301.
Pittendr.
Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnhart ex Small var. hymenanthera (Miq.)
Wittmackia lingulata (L.) Mez = Aechmea lingulata (L.) Baker Jonker = Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnhart ex Small
EXCLUDED SPECIES Apteria hymenanthera Miq. = Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnhart ex Small
Aechmea aquilega (Salisb.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 592. 1864; Bromelia Apteria setacea Nutt. = Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnhart ex Small
aquilega Salisb., Parad. Lond. t. 40. 1806.
Burmannia bicolor Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 10. 1823.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Margarita, and South America.
Burmannia bicolor Mart. var. subcoelestis Malme, Bih. Kongl. Svenska
Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 22 (3, 8): 21. 1896.
Note: Presumably described from Jamaican material, but not known
Burmannia brachyphylla Willd. ex Schult. & Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer &
from any collection.
J.A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 75. 1830.
Aechmea paniculata Ruiz & Pav. reported for Virgin Islands (St. Burmannia brachystachya Miq., Linnaea 19: 141. 1846.
Thomas) based on an error of determination. Burmannia quadriflora Willd. ex Schult. & Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer &
J.A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 74. 1830.
Brunelliaceae References: 3, 30, 147, 364.
Burmannia bicolor Mart. var. subcoelestis Malme = Burmannia bicolor
Mart.
Burmannia biflora L., Sp. Pl. 287. 1753.
Brunellia comocladifolia Humb. & Bonpl. subsp. cubensis Cuatrec., Fl. Distribution: Native to Cuba and southeastern United States.
Neotrop. Monogr. 2: 77. 1970. References: 147, 364.
Burmannia brachyphylla Willd. ex Schult. & Schult. f. = Burmannia
Common Names: Ayua baria, Ayua blanca, Guásima (Cuba).
bicolor Mart.
References: 3, 346.
Burmannia brachystachya Miq. = Burmannia bicolor Mart.
Brunellia comocladifolia Humb. & Bonpl. subsp. domingensis
Cuatrec., Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 2: 74. 1970. Burmannia capitata (Walter ex J.F. Gmel.) Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1:
Zanthoxylum acuminatum sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 12. 1823; Vogelia capitata Walter ex J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2(1):
177. 1884, non Sw. 107. 1791; Gyrotheca capitata (Walter ex J.F. Gmel.) Morong,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20: 472. 1893.
Puerto Rico. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Common Names: Guao (Dominican Republic), Bois Mabel, Bois mal Trinidad, southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America,
fini, Malabar (Haiti), Palo bobo, Palo de Cabra (Puerto Rico). and South America.
References: 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 131, 346. References: 2, 3, 28, 61, 147, 301, 364.
Brunellia comocladifolia Humb. & Bonpl. subsp. guadalupensis Burmannia flava Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 11. 1823.
Cuatrec., Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 2: 76. 1970. Burmannia flavula C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe). Habana 8: 51. 1871.
Common Names: Bois de houx, Suma, West Indian Sumac (Lesser Distribution: Native to Cuba, United States (FL, state endangered),
Antilles). Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Brunellia comocladifolia Humb. & Bonpl. subsp. jamaicensis Cuatrec., Burmannia quadriflora Willd. ex Schult. & Schult. f. = Burmannia
Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 2: 72. 1970. bicolor Mart.
Rhus rufescens Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 32. 1825. Cymbocarpa refracta Miers, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 62. 1840.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Cymbocarpa urbanii Goebel & Suesseng., Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1:
Common Names: Sumach, West Indian Sumac (Jamaica). 62. 1840.
References: 7, 30, 151, 156, 346. Ptychomeria tenella sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 257. 1866, non Benth.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, southern Central
Burmanniaceae References: 2, 3, 5, 30, 147, 364.
Genera. Total: 7; native: 7; endemic: 0. Gymnosiphon fawcettii Urb. = Gymnosiphon niveus (Griseb.) Urb.
Taxa. Total: 9; native: 9; endemic: 2. Gymnosiphon germainii Urb. = Gymnosiphon niveus (Griseb.) Urb.
Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnhart ex Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 309. 1903; Gymnosiphon jamaicensis Urb. = Gymnosiphon tenellus (Benth.) Urb.
Lobelia aphylla Nutt., Amer. J. Sci. Arts 5: 297. 1822.
Gymnosiphon niveus (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 444. 1903; Bursera brunea (Urb.) Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 59. 1928;
Ptychomeria nivea Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 257. 1866. Spondias brunea Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 266. 1912.
Gymnosiphon fawcettii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 294. 1907. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Gymnosiphon germainii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 444. 1903. References: 5, 7, 30.
Gymnosiphon parviflorus Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 443. 1903; Bursera frenningae Correll, J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 157. 1979.
Ptychomeria parviflora (Urb.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Veg. 17: 257. 1921. Reference: 45.
Gymnosiphon portoricensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 445. 1903;
Ptychomeria portoricensis (Urb.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Bursera glauca Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 66. 1866.
Veg. 17: 257. 1921. Bursera nashii (Britton) Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 329. 1920; Terebinthus
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, nashii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 342. 1908.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
St. Lucia, St. Vincent). Hispaniola.
References: 1, 2, 3, 28, 30, 61, 147, 152, 364. Common Names: Almácigo, Ayúa prieta Ayúa sin espinas, Ayuda
prieta, Ayuda sin espinas, Azucarero, Copal (Cuba).
Gymnosiphon parviflorus Urb. = Gymnosiphon niveus (Griseb.) Urb. References: 3, 5, 7, 132, 149.
Gymnosiphon portoricensis Urb. = Gymnosiphon niveus (Griseb.) Urb. Bursera gracilipes Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 58. 1928.
Gymnosiphon sphaerocarpus Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 442. 1903. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, References: 5, 7.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Bursera graveolens (Kunth) Triana & Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér.
Guadeloupe). 5, 14: 303. 1872; Elaphrium graveolens Kunth in F.W.H.A. von
References: 1, 2, 28, 30, 147, 364. Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto
Gymnosiphon tenellus (Benth.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 438. 1903; ed.) 7: 31. 1824.
Ptychomeria tenella Benth., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 7: Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Mexico, Central America, and
17. 1855. South America.
Gymnosiphon jamaicensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 293. 1907; Common Names: Laurel sassafras, Sasafrás, Sasafrás del país (Cuba).
Ptychomeria jamaicensis (Urb.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni References: 3, 151, 159, 224.
Veg. 17: 257. 1921. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Central America, and South America. Bursera gummifera L. = Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg.
References: 2, 3, 30, 147, 364.
Bursera gummifera L. var. glabrata Griseb. = Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg.
Gyrotheca capitata (Walter ex J.F. Gmel.) Morong = Burmannia
capitata (Walter ex J.F. Gmel.) Mart. Bursera gummifera L. var. pubescens Engl. = Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg.
Nemitis setacea (Nutt.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 33. 1838. = Apteria aphylla Bursera hollickii (Britton) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 4: 207. 1920;
(Nutt.) Barnhart ex Small Terebinthus hollickii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 341. 1908.
Ptychomeria jamaicensis (Urb.) Schltr. = Gymnosiphon tenellus (Benth.) References: 2, 149, 427.
Urb. Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Ptychomeria parviflora (Urb.) Schltr. = Gymnosiphon niveus (Griseb.) Species.
Urb. Bursera inaguensis Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 443. 1905;
Ptychomeria portoricensis (Urb.) Schltr. = Gymnosiphon niveus Elaphrium inaguense (Britton) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25 (3): 245.
(Griseb.) Urb. 1911.
Ptychomeria tenella Benth. = Gymnosiphon tenellus (Benth.) Urb.
Common Name: Almaciguillo (Cuba).
Vogelia capitata Walter ex J.F. Gmel. = Burmannia capitata (Walter ex References: 3, 45.
J.F. Gmel.) Mart.
Bursera lunanii (Spreng.) C.D. Adams & Dandy ex Proctor, J. Arnold
Arbor. 63: 254. 1982; Amyris lunanii Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16,
2: 217. 1825.
Burseraceae
Bursera simplicifolia DC., Prodr. 2: 78. 1830.
Elaphrium jamaicense Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25 (3): 244. 1911.
Common Name: Black birch (Jamaica).
Bursera angustata C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 65. 1866. References: 2, 151, 152.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Bursera nashii (Britton) Urb. = Bursera glauca Griseb.
Common Names: Almácigo, Almácigo de costa, Almácigo de paredón,
Bursera ovata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 57. 1928;
Almácigo espinoso, Almaciguillo, Azucarero, Copal (Cuba).
Commiphora ovata (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37:
References: 3, 132.
77. 1992.
Bursera aromatica Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 16. 1967. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. References: 3, 5, 7, 149.
Common Name: Siboney (Jamaica).
Bursera shaferi (Britton & P. Wilson) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
References: 2, 427.
Veg. 22: 363. 1926; Elaphrium shaferi Britton & P. Wilson, Mem.
Torrey Bot. Club 16: 71. 1920.
Species.
number 9 8 • 189
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ephielis fraxinea sensu Spreng. = Tetragastris balsamifera (Sw.) Kuntze
References: 3, 156. Hedwigia balsamifera Sw. = Tetragastris balsamifera (Sw.) Kuntze
Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg., Gard. & Forest 3: 260. 1890; Pistacia Icica attenuata Rose = Protium attenuatum (Rose) Urb.
simaruba L., Sp. Pl. 1026. 1753; Elaphrium simaruba (L.) Rose,
N. Amer. Fl. 25 (3): 246. 1911. Icica cubensis Rose = Protium cubense (Rose) Urb.
Bursera gummifera L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 471. 1762. Icica fragrans Rose = Protium fragrans (Rose) Urb.
Bursera gummifera L. var. glabrata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 173. 1859.
Icica guianensis Aubl. = Protium guianense (Aubl.) Marchand
Bursera gummifera L. var. pubescens Engl., Monogr. Phan. 4: 40. 1883.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Icica hedwigia A. Rich. = Tetragastris balsamifera (Sw.) Kuntze
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, Pistacia simaruba L. = Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg.
St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Protium attenuatum (Rose) Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 240. 1912; Icica
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, attenuata Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25(3): 261. 1911.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South Common Names: Bois-l’encens, Gommier, Gommier-blanc, L’encens,
America. L’incense (Lesser Antilles).
Common Names: Gumbo-limbo, Gum-elemi, West indian birch References: 1, 2, 152.
(Bahamas), Aceitero, Almácigo, Azucarero, Cachibú (Cuba), Note: According to C.D. Adams (2), there is an early collection of
Almácigo, Almácigo blanco, Almácigo colorado (Dominican Wright from Jamaica that is credited to this species.
Republic), Bois d’encens, Bois de’ encens, Chiboue, Chique Protium baracoense Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 594. 1974.
Commier couge, Gommier, Gommier blanc, Gommier rouge, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Jobo, Mombin (Haiti), Red birch (Jamaica), Birch, Gommier, Reference: 149.
Gommier barrière, Gommier maduit, Gommier rouge, Naked
Protium cubense (Rose) Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 240. 1912; Icica cubense
indian, Turpentine tree, West indian birch (Lesser Antilles),
Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25 (3): 260. 1911.
Almácigo (Puerto Rico), Gum tree, Gumbo-limbo, Turpentine tree,
Icica copal A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 386.
West Indian birch (Virgin Islands).
1845.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 36, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 150,
151, 301, 323, 340.
Common Names: Copal, Incienso (Cuba).
Bursera simplicifolia DC. = Bursera lunanii (Spreng.) C.D. Adams & References: 3, 30, 152, 352.
Dandy ex Proctor
Protium fragrans (Rose) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 362.
Bursera spinescens Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 57. 1928; 1926; Icica fragrans Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25 (3): 259. 1911.
Commiphora spinescens (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Hung. 37: 77. 1992. Common Name: Incienso (Cuba).
Protium glaucescens Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 239. 1912.
Commiphora ovata (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi = Bursera ovata Urb. & Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Ekman References: 5, 7, 30.
Commiphora spinescens (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi = Bursera spinescens Protium guianense (Aubl.) Marchand, Adansonia 8: 52. 1867; Icica
Urb. & Ekman guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 340. 1775.
Dacryodes excelsa Vahl, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 6: 116. 1810. Distribution: Native to trinidad and South America; reported for St.
Dacryodes hexandra (Ham.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 174. 1859; Amyris Vincent, Lesser Antilles.
hexandra Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 34. 1825. References: 159, 301.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico and Lesser Protium maestrense Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 593. 1974.
Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Reference: 149.
Vincent).
Protium subacuminatum Swart, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 39: 192.
Common Names: Bois-cochon, Bois gommier, Gommier, Gommier à
1942.
canots, Gommier blanc, Gum elemi Mountain gommier (Lesser
Antilles), Tabonuco (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Chicharrón, Copal, Copal incienso (Cuba).
References: 1, 6, 36, 58, 61, 75, 238, 340.
Reference: 3.
Dacryodes hexandra (Ham.) Griseb. = Dacryodes excelsa Vahl
Terebinthus hollickii Britton = Bursera hollickii (Britton) Fawc. &
Elaphrium graveolens Kunth = Bursera graveolens (Kunth) Triana & Rendle
Planch.
Terebinthus nashii Britton = Bursera glauca Griseb.
Elaphrium inaguense (Britton) Rose = Bursera inaguensis Britton
Tetragastris balsamifera (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 107. 1891;
Elaphrium jamaicense Rose = Bursera lunanii (Spreng.) C.D. Adams & Hedwigia balsamifera Sw., Prodr. 62. 1788.
Dandy ex Proctor Ephielis fraxinea sensu Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 223. 1825, non
Elaphrium shaferi Britton & P. Wilson = Bursera shaferi (Britton & P. Willd.
Wilson) Urb. Icica hedwigia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc.
388. 1845.
Elaphrium simaruba (L.) Rose = Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg.
Tetragastris ossea Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 130. 1791. Buxus bissei Eg. Köhler, Feddes Repert. 109: 351. 1998.
Tetragastris cubensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 114. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
1922, nom. illeg. Reference: 149.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Buxus braimbridgeorum Eg. Köhler, Willdenowia 36: 485. 2006.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Tortola), and Lesser Antilles Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
(Guadeloupe). Reference: 149.
Common Names: Azucarero, Azucarero de montaña, Copal, Palo
cochino, Palo de cochino (Cuba), Amacey, Amacey hembra Buxus brevipes (Müll. Arg.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 400. 1908; Buxus
(Dominican Republic), Bois chochon, Bois cocho, Bois cochon citrifolia Willd. var. brevipes Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle,
marron, Sucrier des montagnes (Haiti), Gommier (Lesser Antilles), Prodr. 16(1): 15. 1869; Tricera brevipes (Müll. Arg.) Britton., Bull.
Masa, Palo de aceite (Puerto Rico). Torrey Bot. Club 42: 499. 1915.
References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 151, 152, 340, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
352. References: 3, 30, 134.
Note: This combination has been credited to Oken (1841) by IPNI, Buxus citrifolia (Willd.) Spreng. = Buxus laevigata (Sw.) Spreng.
however, examination of the putative publication shows that the
Buxus citrifolia Willd. var. brevipes Müll. Arg. = Buxus brevipes (Müll.
basionym was not cited and, therefore, can not be considered a
Arg.) Urb.
valid combination.
Buxus crassifolia (Britton) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 175. 1923, var.
Tetragastris cubensis Urb. = Tetragastris balsamifera (Sw.) Kuntze
crassifolia; Tricera crassifolia Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42:
Tetragastris ossea Gaertn. = Tetragastris balsamifera (Sw.) Kuntze 499. 1915.
Buxaceae
Buxus crassifolia (Britton) Urb. var. oblongata Borhidi & O. Muñiz,
Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18: 36. 1973.
Reference: 149.
Buxus acuminata Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(1): 15. Buxus cubana Baill., Monogr. Buxac. 71. 1859; Tricera cubana (Baill.)
1869; Tricera acuminata (Müll. Arg.) Griseb., Nachr. Ges. Wiss. A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 217. 1845.
Göttingen Jahresber. 1865: 162. 1865. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Name: Angelita (Cuba).
Buxus ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 171. 1923.
References: 3, 30.
Cuba (39).
Buxus excisa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 172. 1923.
Buxus acunae Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22:
307. 1977 [“1976”].
References: 3, 30.
References: 39, 149. Buxus flaviramea (Britton) Mathou, Rech. Fam. Buxac. 140. 1939;
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Tricera flaviramea Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 499. 1915.
References: 3, 134.
Buxus aneura Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 214. 1925.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Buxus foliosa (Britton) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 215.
References: 3, 39. 1925; Tricera foliosa Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 503. 1915.
Cuba (39). References: 3, 39, 134.
Buxus arborea Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 23. 1967.
Cuba (39).
References: 2, 427. Buxus glomerata (Griseb.) Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened 16(1): 17. 1869; Tricera glomerata Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 157.
Species. 1860.
Buxus bahamensis Baker, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 19: t. 1806. 1889; Tricera
Hispaniola.
bahamensis (Baker) Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 139.
Common Names: Piti (Cuba), Bois tifaille, Bois tifait (Haiti).
1906.
Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Buxus gonoclada (Griseb.) Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16
Common Name: Boxwood (Bahamas). (1): 16. 1869; Tricera gonoclada Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 282. 1866.
Buxus baracoensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
18: 34. 1973.
Cuba (39).
References: 39, 149. Buxus heterophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 174. 1923.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
number 9 8 • 191
Buxus historica Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: Buxus portoricensis Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 296. 1965.
307. 1977 [“1976”]. Buxus laevigata sensu Liogier, Descr. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 435. 1988, non
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (Sw.) Spreng.
Reference: 149. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
References: 6, 58.
Buxus imbricata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 176. 1923.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Buxus purdieana Baill. = Buxus laevigata (Sw.) Spreng.
References: 3, 30. Buxus retusa (Griseb.) Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(1):
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of 16. 1869; Tricera retusa Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-
Cuba (39). Augusts-Univ. 1: 163. 1865.
Buxus jaucoensis Eg. Köhler, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 31: 244. 1982. References: 3, 152.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Buxus revoluta (Britton) Mathou, Rech. Fam. Buxac. 268. 1939;
References: 39, 149. Tricera revoluta Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 502. 1915.
Buxus laevigata (Sw.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 847. 1826; Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Crantzia laevigata Sw., Prodr. 38. 1788; Tricera laevigata (Sw.) Cuba (39).
Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 333. 1797. Buxus rheedioides Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 214. 1925.
Buxus citrifolia (Willd.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 847. 1826; Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Tricera citrifolia Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 338. 1805. References: 3, 39.
Buxus purdieana Baill., Monogr. Buxac. 70. 1859. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Tricera fasciculata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 31. 1859. Cuba (39).
Antilles. Buxus rotundifolia (Britton) Mathou, Rech. Fam. Buxac. 229. 1939;
Common Names: Petit buis (Lesser Antilles). Tricera rotundifolia Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 500.
References: 1, 2, 6, 30, 36, 61, 149, 151, 152. 1915.
Buxus laevigata sensu Liogier, non (Sw.) Spreng. = Buxus portoricensis References: 3, 39.
Alain Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Buxus leivae Eg. Köhler, Feddes Repert. 109: 353. 1998. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Buxus sclerophylla Eg. Köhler, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena,
Reference: 149. Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 31: 239. 1982.
Buxus leonii (Britton) Mathou = Buxus wrightii Müll. Arg. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 149.
Buxus macrophylla (Britton) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 5: 3. 1926;
Tricera macrophylla Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 354. 1910. Buxus serpentinicola Eg. Köhler, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 31: 242. 1982.
Buxus marginalis (Britton) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 172. 1923; Tricera
marginalis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 498. 1915.
Cuba (39).
References: 3, 74, 134. Buxus shaferi (Britton) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 175. 1923; Tricera shaferi
Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 500. 1915.
Buxus moana Alain, Candollea 17: 116. 1960.
References: 3, 39.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Buxus subcolumnaris Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(1):
Cuba (39). 14. 1869.
Buxus muelleriana (Britton) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 400. 1908; Tricera
Common Name: Petit buis (Lesser Antilles).
muelleriana Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 498. 1915.
Reference: 1.
References: 3, 30, 39, 134. Buxus triptera Eg. Köhler, Willdenowia 36: 483. 2006.
Buxus obovata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 175. 1923. Buxus vaccinioides (Britton) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 176. 1923; Tricera
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. vaccinioides Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 501. 1915.
References: 3, 39, 74, 134.
Buxus olivacea Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 172. 1923.
Cuba (39).
References: 3, 30.
Buxus vahlii Baill., Monogr. Buxac. 67. 1859; Tricera vahlii (Baill.)
Buxus pilosula Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 173. 1923.
Crantzia laevigata sensu Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 99. 1791, non Sw.
References: 3, 30.
Tricera laevigata (Sw.) Sw. var. santicrusis Eggers, Vidensk. Meddel. Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2(1): 853. 1791.
Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1876: 143. 1876. Brasenia purpurea (Michx.) Casp., Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. 4: 312.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix). 1874; Hydropeltis purpurea Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 324. 1803.
References: 2, 6, 30, 58, 61, 151, 152, 427, 633. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, North America,
Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and Mexico, Central America, and Old World.
critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Common Names: Masamora, Mazamorra (Cuba), Batatillo (Dominican
Republic).
Buxus wrightii Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(1): 17.
References: 2, 39, 132, 147.
1869.
Tricera microphylla Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-
Cuba (39).
Univ. 1: 163. 1865.
Buxus leonii (Britton) Mathou, Rech. Fam. Buxac. 208. 1940; Tricera Cabomba furcata Schult. & Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes,
leonii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 502. 1915. Syst. Veg. 7: 1379. 1830.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cabomba piauhiensis Gardner, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 7: t. 641. 1844.
References: 3, 39, 74, 134, 152. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Central America, and South
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of America.
Cuba (39). References: 3, 7, 147, 301, 360.
Buxus yunquensis Eg. Köhler, Willdenowia 36: 480. 2006. Cabomba haynesii Wiersema, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 1167. 1989.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cabomba piauhiensis Gardner f. albida Fassett, Castanea 18: 123. 1953.
Reference: 149. Cabomba piauhiensis sensu Liogier, Desc. Fl. Puerto Rico 1: 221. 1985.
Crantzia laevigata Sw. = Buxus laevigata (Sw.) Spreng.
Crantzia laevigata sensu Vahl = Buxus vahlii Baill. References: 58, 61, 147, 150, 360.
Tricera acuminata (Müll. Arg.) Griseb. = Buxus acuminata Müll. Arg. Cabomba piauhiensis Gardner = Cabomba furcata Schult. & Schult. f.
Tricera bahamensis (Baker) Britton = Buxus bahamensis Baker Hydropeltis purpurea Michx. = Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel.
Tricera brevipes (Müll. Arg.) Britton. = Buxus brevipes (Müll. Arg.) Urb.
Tricera citrifolia Willd. = Buxus laevigata (Sw.) Spreng. Cactaceae
Tricera crassifolia Britton = Buxus crassifolia (Britton) Urb. var. crassifolia
Tricera cubana (Baill.) A. Rich. = Buxus cubana Baill.
Tricera fasciculata Griseb. = Buxus laevigata (Sw.) Spreng.
Acanthocereus baxaniensis (Karw.) Borg, Cacti 132. 1937; Cereus
Tricera flaviramea Britton = Buxus flaviramea (Britton) Mathou
baxaniensis Karw., Enum. Diagn. Cact. 109. 1837.
Tricera foliosa Britton = Buxus foliosa (Britton) Urb. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; erroneously described as being from
Tricera glomerata Griseb. = Buxus glomerata (Griseb.) Müll. Arg. Cuba; native to the Atlantic coast of Central America.
References: 57, 68, 149, 151, 478.
Tricera gonoclada Griseb. = Buxus gonoclada (Griseb.) Müll. Arg.
Acanthocereus pentagonus (L.) Britton & Rose = Acanthocereus
Tricera laevigata (Sw.) Sw. = Buxus laevigata (Sw.) Spreng. tetragonus (L.) Humm.
Tricera laevigata (Sw.) Sw. var. santicrusis Eggers = Buxus vahlii Baill. Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm., Succulenta (Netherlands) 20:
Tricera leonii Britton = Buxus wrightii Müll. Arg. 165. 1938; Cactus tetragonus L., Sp. Pl. 466. 1753.
Acanthocereus pentagonus (L.) Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
Tricera macrophylla Britton = Buxus macrophylla (Britton) Fawc. &
12: 432. 1909; Cereus pentagonus (L.) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ. 180.
Rendle
1812.
Tricera marginalis Britton = Buxus marginalis (Britton) Urb. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Tricera microphylla Griseb. = Buxus wrightii Müll. Arg. Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba,
Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and northern
Tricera muelleriana Britton = Buxus muelleriana (Britton) Urb. South America; exotic in the Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St.
Tricera retusa Griseb. = Buxus retusa (Griseb.) Müll. Arg. Thomas).
Common Names: Liane-raquette (Lesser Antilles).
Tricera revoluta Britton = Buxus revoluta (Britton) Mathou
References: 1, 3, 68, 150, 151, 230, 301, 323.
Tricera rotundifolia Britton = Buxus rotundifolia (Britton) Mathou
Acanthocereus undulosus (DC.) Croizat = Dendrocereus undulosus
Tricera shaferi Britton = Buxus shaferi (Britton) Urb. (DC.) Britton & Rose
Tricera vaccinioides Britton = Buxus vaccinioides (Britton) Urb. Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis (Willd.) A. Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt.
Tricera vahlii (Baill.) Britton = Buxus vahlii Baill. 94. 1926; Opuntia brasiliensis (Willd.) Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ. 79.
1819.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to South America.
Cabombaceae References: 58, 68, 159.
Cactus alatus Sw. = Pseudorhipsalis alata (Sw.) Britton & Rose
Cactus antonii Britton = Melocactus intortus (Mill.) Urb. subsp.
intortus
Brasenia purpurea (Michx.) Casp. = Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel. Cactus bleo Kunth = Pereskia bleo (Kunth) DC.
number 9 8 • 193
Cactus broadwayi Britton & Rose = Melocactus broadwayi (Britton & Cereus bakeri (Britton & Rose) Vaupel = Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.)
Rose) A. Berger Britton & Rose
Cactus caesius (Wendl.) Britton & Rose = Melocactus curvispinus Pfeiff. Cereus baxaniensis Karw. = Acanthocereus baxaniensis (Karw.) Borg
subsp. caesius (H. L. Wendl.) N. P. Taylor Cereus boeckmannii Otto = Selenicereus pteranthus (Link ex A. Dietr.)
Cactus curassavicus L. = Opuntia curassavica (L.) Mill. Britton
Cactus dillenii Ker Gawl. = Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Cereus brevispinus (Britton & Rose) A Berger = Selenicereus pteranthus
(Link ex A. Dietr.) Britton
Cactus divaricatus Lam. = Harrisia gracilis (Mill.) Britton
Cereus cubensis Zucc. ex Pfeiff. = Harrisia eriophora (Pfeiff.) Britton
Cactus fimbriatus Lam. = Stenocereus fimbriatus (Lam.) Lourteig
Cereus ekmanii Werderm. = Leptocereus ekmanii (Werderm.) F.M. Knuth
Cactus grandiflorus L. = Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Britton & Rose
Cereus eriophorus Pfeiff. = Harrisia eriophora (Pfeiff.) Britton
Cactus harlowii Britton & Rose = Melocactus harlowii (Britton &
Rose) Vaupel Cereus grandiflorus (L.) Mill. = Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Britton
& Rose
Cactus intortus Mill. = Melocactus intortus (Mill.) Urb. subsp. intortus
Cereus grenadensis Britton & Rose = Cereus repandus (L.) Mill.
Cactus mammillaris L. = Mammillaria mammillaris (L.) H. Karst.
Cereus hexagonus (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Cactus melocactus L. = Melocactus intortus (Mill.) Urb. subsp. intortus
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico and
Cactus paniculatus Lam. = Leptocereus paniculatus (Lam.) D.R. Hunt Virgin Islands; native to Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita, and South
Cactus polygonus Lam. = Pilosocereus polygonus (Lam.) Byles & Rowles America.
Common Names: Cayuco (Dominican Republic), Cacto columnar
Cactus portulacifolius L. = Pereskia portulacifolia (L.) DC. (Puerto Rico).
Cactus proliferus Mill. = Mammillaria prolifera (Mill.) Haw. subsp. References: 2, 58, 61, 68, 123, 131, 159, 224, 301, 323.
prolifera Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Cactus repandus L. = Cereus repandus (L.) Mill. Cereus hildmannianus K. Schum. subsp. uruguayanus (F. Ritter ex
R. Kiesling) N.P. Taylor, Cactaceae Consensus. Init. 6: 15. 1998;
Cactus royenii L. = Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles & Rowley
Cereus uruguayanus F. Ritter ex R. Kiesling, Darwiniana 24: 448.
Cactus strictus Haw. = Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. 1982.
Cactus strictus Willd. = Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles & Rowley Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; endemic to Uruguay.
Reference: 152.
Cactus tetragonus L. = Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm.
Cereus irradians Lem. = Selenicereus pteranthus (Link ex A. Dietr.)
Cactus triangularis L. = Hylocereus triangularis (L.) Britton & Rose Britton
Cactus tuna L. = Opuntia tuna (L.) Mill. Cereus leiocarpus Bello = Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles & Rowley
Cephalocereus bahamensis Britton = Pilosocereus polygonus (Lam.) Cereus lemairei Hook. = Hylocereus lemairei (Hook.) Britton & Rose
Byles & Rowles
Cereus margaritensis J. Johnst. = Cereus repandus (L.) Mill.
Cephalocereus bakeri Britton & Rose = Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.)
Britton & Rose Cereus nudiflorus Engelm. = Dendrocereus nudiflorus (Engelm. ex
Sauvalle) Britton & Rose
Cephalocereus barbadensis Britton & Rose = Pilosocereus royenii (L.)
Byles & Rowley Cereus nycticalus Link ex A. Dietr. = Selenicereus pteranthus (Link &
Otto) Britton & Rose
Cephalocereus brooksianus Britton & Rose = Pilosocereus polygonus
(Lam.) Byles & Rowles Cereus paniculatus (Lam.) DC. = Leptocereus paniculatus (Lam.) D.R.
Hunt
Cephalocereus millspaughii Britton = Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles &
Rowley Cereus pellucidus sensu Griseb. = Harrisia gracilis (Mill.) Britton
Cephalocereus monoclonos (DC.) Britton & Rose = Pilosocereus Cereus pentagonus (L.) Haw. = Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm.
royenii (L.) Byles & Rowley Cereus peruvianus (L.) J.S. Muell. = Cereus repandus (L.) Mill.
Cephalocereus nobilis (Haw.) Britton & Rose = Pilosocereus royenii Cereus polygonus (Lam.) DC. = Pilosocereus polygonus (Lam.) Byles &
(L.) Byles & Rowley Rowles
Cephalocereus polygonus (Lam.) Britton & Rose = Pilosocereus Cereus portoricensis (Britton) Urb. = Harrisia portoricensis Britton
polygonus (Lam.) Byles & Rowles
Cereus quadricostatus Bello = Leptocereus quadricostatus (Bello)
Cephalocereus royenii (L.) Britton & Rose = Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Britton & Rose
Byles & Rowley
Cereus ramulosus Salm-Dyck = Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-Dyck)
Cephalocereus schlumbergeri (F.A.C. Weber ex K. Schum.) Urb. = Barthlott subsp. ramulosa
Pilosocereus polygonus (Lam.) Byles & Rowles
Cereus repandus (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Cactus repandus
Cephalocereus swartzii (Griseb.) Britton & Rose = Pilosocereus royenii L., Sp. Pl. 467. 1753.
(L.) Byles & Rowley Cereus grenadensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 223. 1920;
Cereus assurgens C. Wright ex Griseb. = Leptocereus assurgens (C. Subpilocereus grenadensis (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Cactaceae
Wright ex Griseb.) Britton & Rose (Backeberg) 4: 2383. 1960.
Cereus margaritenesis J. Johnst., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 40: 693. 1905.
Cereus bahamensis (Britton) Vaupel = Pilosocereus polygonus (Lam.) Cereus peruvianus (L.) J.S. Muell., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Byles & Rowles
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Aruba, Bonaire, Opuntia urbaniana Werderm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 229.
Curaçao, Margarita, and Venezuela; exotic in Hispaniola. 1931.
References: 1, 30, 57, 68, 150, 151, 152. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
Puerto Rico (Mona and Desecheo islands)
Cereus serruliflorus Haw. = Harrisia divaricata (Lam.) Backeb.
Common Names: Alpargata (Dominican Republic), Cactier patte
Cereus subrepandus Haw. = Harrisia gracilis (Mill.) Britton de tortue, Patte tortue, Raquette pangnole, Raquette espagnole
Cereus swartzii Griseb. = Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles & Rowley (Haiti).
References: 5, 58, 61, 152.
Cereus triangularis (L.) Haw. = Hylocereus triangularis (L.) Britton &
Rose Consolea moniliformis (L.) A. Berger subsp. guantanamana Areces,
Brittonia 48: 225. 1996.
Cereus triangularis sensu Bello = Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Distribution: Endemic to eastern Cuba.
Rose subsp. undatus Reference: 149.
Cereus trigonus Haw. = Hylocereus trigonus (Haw.) Saff. Consolea nashii (Britton) A. Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt. 94. 1926;
Cereus undatus Haw. = Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose Opuntia nashii Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 446. 1905.
subsp. undatus Consolea nashii (Britton) A. Berger subsp. gibarensis Areces, Brittonia
48: 231. 1996.
Cereus undulosus DC. = Dendrocereus undulosus (DC.) Britton & Rose
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Bahamas,
Cereus uruguayanus F. Ritter ex R. Kiesling = Cereus hildmannianus and Hispaniola.
K. Schum. subsp. uruguayanus (R. Kiesling) N.P. Taylor Common Names: Pitahaya, Tuna, Yaso (Dominican Republic).
Cereus weingartianus E. Hartmann = Leptocereus weingartianus References: 39, 45, 68, 123, 152.
(E. Hartmann) Britton & Rose Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Chilita multiceps (Salm-Dyck) Orcutt = Mammillaria prolifera (Mill.)
Haw. Consolea nashii (Britton) A. Berger subsp. gibarensis Areces = Consolea
nashii (Britton) A. Berger
Consolea acaulis (Ekman & Werderm.) F.M. Knuth = Opuntia acaulis
Ekman & Werderm. Consolea picardae (Urb.) Areces = Consolea macracantha (Griseb.)
A. Berger
Consolea bahamana (Britton & Rose) A. Berger = Opuntia stricta
(Haw.) Haw. Consolea rubescens (Salm-Dyck ex DC.) Lem., Rev. Hort., ser. 4(3): 74.
1862; Opuntia rubescens Salm-Dyck ex DC., Prodr. 3: 474. 1828.
Consolea falcata (Ekman & Werderm.) F.M. Knuth in C. Backeberg & Opuntia guanicana K. Schum. ex Gürke, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18:
F.M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC 146. 1935; Opuntia falcata Ekman & 180. 1908; Consolea guanicana (K. Schum. ex Gürke) F.M. Knuth
Werderm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 228. 1931. in C. Backeberg & F.M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC 146. 1935.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Opuntia catocantha Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact. 166. 1837.
Reference: 68. Opuntia ferox sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 277. 1881,
Consolea guanicana (K. Schum. ex Gürke) F.M. Knuth = Consolea non Sw.
rubescens (Salm-Dyck ex DC.) Lem. Opuntia spinosissima K. Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 12: 705. 1898.
Consolea macracantha (Griseb.) A. Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt. 94.
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin
1926; Opuntia macracantha Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 116. 1866.
Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe,
Opuntia microcarpa K. Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 12: 714. 1898;
Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Martin).
Consolea picardae (Urb.) Areces, Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 72:
Common Names: Raquette arborescente, Signpost cactus (Lesser
42. 2000; Opuntia picardae Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Antilles).
16: 35. 1919, nom. illeg.
References: 1, 19, 30, 58, 61, 68, 152, 340.
Hispaniola. Consolea spinosissima (Mill.) Lem., Rev. Hort., ser. 4(3): 174. 1862;
References: 3, 5, 39, 64, 151, 540. Opuntia spinosissima Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands,
Cuba (39). Jamaica, and Navassa; possibly in United States.
Common Names: Cactier, Raquette (Haiti), Prickly pear tree (Jamaica).
Consolea millspaughii (Britton) A. Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt.
References: 2, 4, 68, 123.
94. 1926, subsp. millspaughii; Opuntia millspaughii Britton,
Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 513. 1908. Coryphantha cubensis Britton & Rose = Escobaria cubensis (Britton &
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba. Rose) D.R. Hunt
References: 3, 45, 68. Coryphantha nivosa (Link ex Pfeiff.) Britton = Mammillaria nivosa
Consolea millspaughii (Britton) A. Berger subsp. caymanensis Areces, Link ex Pfeiff.
Brittonia 53: 100. 2001. Cylindropuntia caribaea (Britton & Rose) F.M. Knuth in C. Backeberg
Distribution: Endemic to Cayman Islands. & F.M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC 123. 1935; Opuntia caribaea Britton
References: 68, 149. & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 49. 1919.
Consolea moniliformis (L.) A. Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt. 94. 1926, Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Margarita, Trinidad, and Venezuela.
subsp. moniliformis; Opuntia moniliformis (L.) Haw. ex Steud., Common Names: Guasábara, Guazábara, Pilotera (Dominican
Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 221. 1841. Republic), Chardon, Chat au Volant, Piquant couéna, Piquant
Opuntia testudinis-crus F.A.C. Weber, Gard. Dict., Abr. ed. 4. 1754. rouge (Haiti).
Opuntia haitiensis Britton, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 513. 1908. References: 5, 68, 123, 151, 323.
number 9 8 • 195
Cylindropuntia hystrix (Griseb.) Areces, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 15: Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
4. 1976; Opuntia hystrix Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 117. 1866. References: 3, 39, 57, 68.
Common Name: Patana (Cuba). Cuba (39).
References: 3, 39, 68, 132, 151, 347. Hariota parasitica (Lam.) Kuntze = Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S. Muell.)
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Stearn
Cuba (39).
Harrisia brookii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 564. 1908.
Cylindropuntia tunicata (Lehm.) F.M. Knuth in C. Backeberg & F.M. Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Knuth, Kaktus-ABC 126. 1935; Opuntia tunicata (Lehm.) Pfeiff., Common Name: Brook’s dildo (Bahamas).
Enum. Diagn. Cact. 170. 1837. References: 45, 68.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to United States (TX).
References: 3, 159. Harrisia divaricata (Lam.) Backeb., Cactaceae (Backeberg) 4: 2101.
1960; Cactus divaricatus Lam., Encycl. 1: 540. 1783.
*Dendrocereus nudiflorus (Engelm. ex Sauvalle) Britton & Rose, Cereus serruliflorus Haw., Phil. Mag. Ann. Chem. 7: 113. 1830;
Cactaceae 2: 113. 1920; Cereus nudiflorus Engelm. ex Sauvalle, Harrisia serruliflora (Haw.) Lourteig, Bradea 5: 408. 1991.
Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 6: 98. 1869. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Pitahaya, Yaso (Dominican Republic), Catastres
References: 3, 39, 68, 539, 540. (Haiti).
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 5, 68, 123, 151, 152.
Cuba (39); Dendrocereus is herein maintained following D.R.
Hunt et al. (540). Harrisia earlei Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 154. 1920.
*Dendrocereus undulosus (DC.) Britton & Rose, J. New York Bot. References: 3, 39, 68.
Gard. 26: 220. 1925; Cereus undulosus DC., Prodr. 3: 467. 1828; Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Acanthocereus undulosus (DC.) Croizat, Caldasia 2: 137. 1943. Cuba (39).
References: 5, 68, 539, 540. Harrisia eriophora (Pfeiff.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 562.
1909; Cereus eriophorus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact. 94. 1837.
Disocactus alatus (Sw.) Kimnach = Pseudorhipsalis alata (Sw.) Britton Cereus cubensis Zucc. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact. 94. 1837.
& Rose Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Disocactus ramulosus (Salm-Dyck) Kimnach = Pseudorhipsalis Common Name: Patana (Cuba).
ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Barthlott subsp. ramulosa References: 3, 68, 75, 132, 150, 152.
Echinocactus lemairei Monv. ex Lem. = Melocactus lemairei (Monv. ex Harrisia fernowii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 562. 1908.
Lem.) Miq. ex Lem. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Name: Jijira (Cuba).
Epiphyllum hookeri (Link & Otto) Haw. = Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.)
Haw.
Harrisia gracilis (Mill.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 563. 1909.
Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw., Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 6: 109.
Cereus subrepandus Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ. 78. 1819.
1829.
Harrisia undata Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 564. 1908.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Margarita;
native to Mexico and Central America.
Cuba, and Jamaica.
Common Names: Cachimbo (Dominican Republic), Flor de retreta roja
Common Names: Jijira (Cuba), Torchwood dildo (Jamaica).
(Puerto Rico).
References: 2, 4, 30, 68, 132, 149.
References: 3, 58, 61, 68, 123, 131, 224, 323.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Harrisia hurstii W.T. Marshall, Cactaceae (Berlin) 96. 1941.
Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ. 197. 1812.
Reference: 68.
Phyllocactus hookeri (Link & Otto) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck.
1841: 38. 1841; Epiphyllum hookeri (Link & Otto) Haw., Philos. Harrisia nashii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 564. 1908.
Mag. Ann. Chem. 6: 108. 1829. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Phyllocactus strictus Lem., Ill. Hort. 1(Misc.): 107. 1854; Epiphyllum Common Name: Pitahaya (Dominican Republic), Chandelier, Raquette
strictum (Lem.) Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 259. (Haiti).
1913. References: 5, 68, 123.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Puerto Rico; native Harrisia portoricensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 563. 1908;
to Central America, Tobago, Trinidad, and South America. Cereus portoricensis (Britton) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 430. 1910.
Common Names: Cañonazo, Pitayaya, Pluma de Santa Teresa (Cuba). Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico (Mona Is. + old record from main
References: 3, 5, 40, 57, 61, 68, 151, 224, 301. Puerto Rico).
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Common Name: Higo chumbo (Puerto Rico).
Epiphyllum strictum (Lem.) Britton & Rose = Epiphyllum phyllanthus References: 30, 58, 61, 68, 131, 633.
(L.) Haw. Note: Considered a threatened species by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife
Service.
Escobaria cubensis (Britton & Rose) D.R. Hunt, Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit.
40: 13. 1978; Coryphantha cubensis Britton & Rose, Torreya 12: Harrisia serruliflora (Haw.) Lourteig = Harrisia divaricata (Lam.) Backeb.
15. 1912; Neobesseya cubensis (Britton & Rose) Hester, Desert Pl. Harrisia taetra Areces, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 1(1): 17.
Life 13: 192. 1941. 1981 [“1980”].
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. *Leptocereus arboreus Britton & Rose, Torreya 12: 15. 1912.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 3, 39, 68
Cuba (39). Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Harrisia taylorii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 565. 1908.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. *Leptocereus assurgens (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Britton & Rose, Contr.
References: 3, 39, 68. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 433. 1909; Cereus assurgens C. Wright ex
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 116. 1866.
Harrisia undata Britton = Harrisia gracilis (Mill.) Britton
Hylocereus antiguensis Britton & Rose = Hylocereus triangularis (L.) Cuba (39).
Britton & Rose
*Leptocereus carinatus Areces, Moscosoa 7: 245. 1993.
Hylocereus cubensis Britton & Rose = Hylocereus triangularis (L.) Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Britton & Rose References: 39, 68, 149.
Hylocereus lemairei (Hook.) Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
428. 1909; Cereus lemairei Hook., Bot. Mag. 80: t. 4814. 1854. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles, Tobago, Trinidad, and northern *Leptocereus ekmanii (Werderm.) F.M. Knuth in C. Backeberg &
South America. F.M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC 302. 1935; Cereus ekmanii Werderm.,
References: 30, 68, 151. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 235. 1931.
Hylocereus triangularis (L.) Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
12: 429. 1909; Cactus triangularis L., Sp. Pl. 468. 1753; Cereus References: 3, 39, 68, 152.
triangularis (L.) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ. 180. 1812. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Hylocereus cubensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 188. 1920. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, *Leptocereus grantianus Britton, Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 5: 469.
and Jamaica; cultivated around the world. 1933.
Common Names: Flor de baile, Flor del cáliz, Pitahaya, Pitajaya, Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico (Culebra Is.).
Yaguarabas, Yaguarabos (Cuba), Carambola (Dominican References: 58, 68, 149, 633.
Republic), God okra, Prickle with (Jamaica). Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
References: 2, 3, 5, 30, 68, 123, 132, 151.
*Leptocereus leonii Britton & Rose, Torreya 12: 15. 1912.
Hylocereus trigonus (Haw.) Saff., Rep. (Annual) Board Regents Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands
Smithsonian Inst. 1908: 553. 1909; Cereus trigonus Haw., Syn. Pl. and Cuba.
Succ. 181. 1812. References: 3, 4, 39, 68.
Hylocereus antiguensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 193. 1920. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Cuba (39).
*Leptocereus maxonii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 80. 1920.
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba,
St. Eustatius, St. Martin, St. Vincent).
Common Names: Viande cachon (Haiti), Cierge-lezard, Cierge-liana,
Cuba (39).
Night blooming cactus, Pomme-jardon (Lesser Antilles), Pitajaya
(Puerto Rico). *Leptocereus paniculatus (Lam.) D.R. Hunt, Bradleya 9: 89.
References: 1, 19, 30, 32, 58, 61, 68, 123, 131, 151, 152. 1991; Cactus paniculatus Lam., Encycl. 1: 540. 1785; Cereus
paniculatus (Lam.) DC., Prodr. 3: 466. 1828; Neoabbottia
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose in N.L. Britton, Fl.
paniculata (Lam.) Britton & Rose, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 72
Bermuda 256. 1918, subsp. undatus; Cereus undatus Haw.,
(9): 3. 1921.
Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 7: 110. 1830.
Cereus triangularis sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 277.
1881, non (L.) Haw.
Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, *Leptocereus prostratus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 79. 1920.
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Martinique, References: 3, 39, 68.
St. Barthélemy, St. Martin). Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Common Names: Night-blooming cereus (Bahamas), Maria coli, Cuba (39).
Pitahaya, Pitajaya (Dominican Republic). *Leptocereus quadricostatus (Bello) Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl.
References: 1, 3, 32, 45, 61, 58, 68, 123, 150. Herb. 16: 242. 1913; Cereus quadricostatus Bello, Anales Soc.
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose subsp. luteocarpus Cálix, Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 276. 1881.
Haseltonia 11: 12. 2005. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Anegada).
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, and Common Names: Pitahaya, Sebucán (Puerto Rico).
South America. References: 58, 61, 68, 75, 149, 152, 153, 254, 340, 427.
References: 58, 152. Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species.
Lemaireocereus hystrix (Haw.) Britton & Rose = Stenocereus fimbriatus
(Lam.) Lourteig *Leptocereus santamarinae Areces, Brittonia 44: 45. 1992.
number 9 8 • 197
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Bombilla, Bombillito, Meloncito de perro (Dominican
References: 68, 152. Republic).
References: 3, 5, 68, 123, 159.
*Leptocereus scopulophilus Areces, Brittonia 45: 227. 1993.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Mammillaria prolifera (Mill.) Haw. subsp. haitiensis (K. Schum.) D.R.
References: 39, 68, 152. Hunt, Mammillaria Postscripts 6: 6. 1997; Mammillaria pusilla
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of DC. var. haitiensis K. Schum. in R.L.A.M. Gürke, Bluh. Kakteen
Cuba (39). 1: t. 46. 1903.
Mammillaria glomerata DC., Prodr. 3: 459. 1828.
*Leptocereus sylvestris Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 81. 1920.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Mammillaria pusilla DC. var. haitiensis K. Schum. = Mammillaria
Cuba (39). prolifera (Mill.) Haw. subsp. haitiensis (K. Schum.) Hunt
*Leptocereus weingartianus (E. Hartmann) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae Melocactus actinacanthus Areces = Melocactus matanzanus León
2: 77. 1920; Cereus weingartianus E. Hartmann, Monatsschr. Melocactus acunae León = Melocactus harlowii (Britton & Rose)
Kakteenk., 14: 155. 1904. Vaupel
Common Name: Pomme torche (Haiti). Melocactus acunae León subsp. flavispinus Mészáros = Melocactus
References: 5, 68, 123, 151. harlowii (Britton & Rose) Vaupel
*Leptocereus wrightii León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” Melocactus acunae León subsp. lagunaensis Mészáros = Melocactus
14: 136. 1940. harlowii (Britton & Rose) Vaupel
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Melocactus borhidii Mészáros = Melocactus harlowii (Britton & Rose)
References: 3, 39, 68. Vaupel
Melocactus broadwayi (Britton & Rose) A. Berger, Entwicklungslin.
Cuba (39).
Kakt. 78. 1926; Cactus broadwayi Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3:
Mammillaria columbiana Salm-Dyck, subsp. yucatanensis (Britton 229. 1922.
& Rose) D.R. Hunt, Mammillaria Postscripts 6: 9. 1997; Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Lesser Antilles
Neomammillaria yucatanensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 114. (Grenada, Grenadines, St. Vincent), Tobago, and Trinidad.
1923. References: 1, 68, 152, 301, 382.
Mammillaria jamaicensis Areces, Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 73: 37.
Melocactus caesius H.L. Wendl. = Melocactus curvispinus Pfeiff. subsp.
2001.
caesius (H. L. Wendl.) N. P. Taylor
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and South
America. Melocactus caroli-linnaei N.P. Taylor, Bradleya 9: 78. 1991; Cactus
References: 2, 68, 540. melocactus L., Sp. Pl. 466. 1753; Melocactus melocactus (L.)
H. Karst., Deut. Fl. 888. 1892.
Mammillaria ekmanii Werderm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29:
Melocactus communis sensu C.D. Adams, Fl. Pl. Jamaica 275. 1972,
242. 1931.
non Link & Otto.
Reference: 382.
Mammillaria glomerata DC. = Mammillaria prolifera (Mill.) Haw
Melocactus communis Link & Otto = Melocactus intortus (Mill.) Urb.
Mammillaria jamaicensis Areces = Mammillaria columbiana Salm-Dyck, subsp. intortus
subsp. yucatanensis (Britton & Rose) D.R. Hunt
Melocactus communis sensu C.D. Adams = Melocactus caroli-linnaei
Mammillaria mammillaris (L.) H. Karst., Deut. Fl. 888. 1882; Cactus N.P. Taylor
mammillaris L., Sp. Pl. 466. 1753; Neomammillaria mammillaris
Melocactus communis Link & Otto var. havannensis Pfeiff. =
(L.) Britton & Rose, Cact. 4: 70. 1923.
Melocactus intortus (Mill.) Urb. subsp. intortus
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenadines), Curaçao, Tobago,
Trinidad, and Venezuela. Melocactus communis Link & Otto var. viridis Pfeiff. = Melocactus
References: 1, 68, 151. intortus (Mill.) Urb. subsp. intortus
Mammillaria nivosa Link ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact. 11. 1837; Melocactus curvispinus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact. 46. 1837, subsp.
Coryphantha nivosa (Link ex Pfeiff.) Britton, Ann. Missouri curvispinus.
Bot. Gard. 2: 45. 1915; Neomammillaria nivosa (Link ex Pfeiff.) Melocactus guitartii León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 8:
Britton & Rose, Cact. 4: 71. 1923. 207. 1934.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Melocactus holguinensis Areces, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 10: 3.
Virgin Islands (Guana, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), and Lesser 1976.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, St. Barthélemy, St. Martin). Melocactus jakusii Mészáros, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 134. 1977
Common Names: Woolly nipple-cactus (Bahamas), Pope’s head (Lesser [“1976”].
Antilles), Cacto lanoso, Erizo blanco (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba and Aruba.
References: 1, 19, 45, 51, 58, 68, 123, 151. References: 3, 57, 68, 74, 382.
Mammillaria prolifera (Mill.) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ. 177. 1812, subsp. Melocactus curvispinus Pfeiff. subsp. caesius (H. L. Wendl.) N. P.
prolifera; Cactus proliferus Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Taylor, Bradleya 9: 75. 1991; Melocactus caesius H. L. Wendl.,
Chilita multiceps (Salm-Dyck) Orcutt, Cactography 2. 1926. Monogr. Melocacti 104. 1840; Cactus caesius (H.L. Wendl.)
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, United States (TX), and Britton & Rose, Bull. Dept. Agric. Trinidad & Tobago 19: 86.
Mexico. 1921.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and South America. Redonda, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
References: 151, 159, 285, 301. St. Martin).
Common Names: Turk’s cap (Bahamas), Barrel cactus, Tet angle, Tête
Melocactus evae Mészáros = Melocactus harlowii (Britton & Rose)
a l’anglais, Pope’s heads, Turk’s cap (Lesser Antilles), Melón de
Vaupel
costa, Erizo (Puerto Rico).
Melocactus guitartii León = Melocactus curvispinus Pfeiff. subsp. References: 1, 2, 5, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 68, 75, 151, 152, 340, 382.
curvispinus
Melocactus intortus (Mill.) Urb. var. antonii (Britton) Backeb. =
Melocactus harlowii (Britton & Rose) Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. Melocactus intortus (Mill.) Urb. subsp. intortus
22: 66. 1912; Cactus harlowii Britton & Rose, Torreya 12: 16.
Melocactus intortus (Mill.) Urb. subsp. domingensis Areces, Cact. Succ.
1912.
J. (Los Angeles.) 69: 246. 1997.
Melocactus acunae León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 8:
Melocactus pedernalensis M.M. Mejía & R.G. García, Moscosoa 9: 12.
205. 1934.
1997.
Melocactus acunae León subsp. flavispinus Mészáros, Acta Bot. Acad.
Sci. Hung. 22: 138. 1977 [“1976”].
References: 68, 123, 156, 382.
Melocactus acunae León subsp. lagunaensis Mészáros, Acta Bot. Acad.
Sci. Hung. 22: 138. 1977 [“1976”]. Melocactus jakusii Mészáros = Melocactus curvispinus Pfeiff. subsp.
Melocactus borhidii Mészáros, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 135. curvispinus
1977 [“1976”]. Melocactus lemairei (Monv. ex Lem.) Miq. ex Lem., Hort. Universel 1:
Melocactus evae Mészáros, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 135. 1977 286-289. 1840; Echinocactus lemairei Monv. ex Lem., Cact. Aliq.
[“1976”]. Nov. 17. 1838.
Melocactus nagyi Mészáros, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 137. 1977 Melocactus hispaniolicus Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 29: 121. 1919.
[“1976”]. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Melocactus radoczii Mészáros, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 136. References: 152, 382.
1977 [“1976”].
Melocactus harlowii (Britton & Rose) Vaupel subsp. perezassoi (Areces) Melocactus matanzanus León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe
Guiggi, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano Poey” 8: 206. 1934.
147(2): 337. 2006; Melocactus perezassoi Areces, Phytologia 74: Melocactus actinacanthus Areces, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 9: 3.
421. 1993. 1976.
Common Names: Erizo de costa, Piña cimarrona (Cuba). Common Names: Carambola Africana, Erizo, Pata de casabe (Cuba).
References: 3, 39, 68, 74, 132, 152, 382. References: 3, 39, 68, 123, 149, 382.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39). Cuba (39).
Melocactus harlowii (Britton & Rose) Vaupel subsp. perezassoi (Areces) Melocactus meonacanthus Link & Otto = Melocactus intortus (Mill.)
Guiggi = Melocactus harlowii (Britton & Rose) Vaupel Urb. subsp. intortus
Melocactus havannensis (Pfeiff.) Miq. = Melocactus intortus (Mill.) Melocactus nagyi Mészáros = Melocactus harlowii (Britton & Rose)
Urb. subsp. intortus Vaupel
Melocactus hispaniolicus Vaupel = Melocactus lemairei (Monv. ex Melocactus pedernalensis M.M. Mejía & R.G. García = Melocactus
Lem.) Miq. ex Lem. intortus (Mill.) Urb. subsp. domingensis Areces
Melocactus holguinensis Areces = Melocactus curvispinus Pfeiff. subsp. Melocactus perezassoi Areces = Melocactus harlowii (Britton & Rose)
curvispinus Vaupel
Melocactus intortus (Mill.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 35. Melocactus portoricensis Suringar = Melocactus intortus (Mill.) Urb.
1919, subsp. intortus; Cactus intortus Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. subsp. intortus
1768. Melocactus radoczii Mészáros = Melocactus harlowii (Britton & Rose)
Cactus antonii Britton, Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 4: 355. 1933; Vaupel
Melocactus intortus (Mill.) Urb. var. antonii (Britton) Backeb.,
Neoabbottia paniculata (Lam.) Britton & Rose = Leptocereus
Cactaceae (Backeberg) 4: 2575. 1960.
paniculatus (Lam.) D.R. Hunt
Cactus melocactus L., Sp. Pl. 466. 1753.
Melocactus communis Link & Otto, Verh. Vereins Beford. Gartenbaues Neobesseya cubensis (Britton & Rose) Hester = Escobaria cubensis
Königl. Preuss. Staaten 3: 417. 1827. (Britton & Rose) D.R. Hunt
Melocactus communis Link & Otto var. havannensis Pfeiff., Enum. Neomammillaria mammillaris (L.) Britton & Rose = Mammillaria
Diagn. Cact. 43. 1937; Melocactus havannensis (Pfeiff.) Miq., mammillaris (L.) Karst.
Monogr. Melocacti 64. 1840.
Melocactus communis Link & Otto var. viridis Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Neomammillaria nivosa (Link ex Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose = Mammillaria
Cact. 42. 1837. nivosa Link ex Pfeiff.
Melocactus meonacanthus Link & Otto, Verh. Vereins Beford. Neomammillaria yucatanensis Britton & Rose = Mammillaria
Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 3: 15. 1827. columbiana Salm-Dyck, subsp. yucatanensis (Britton & Rose)
Melocactus portoricensis Suringar, Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. D.R. Hunt
Kon. Akad. Wetensch., ser. 3, 9: 408. 1892.
Nopalea auberi (Pfeiff.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849: 64. 1850
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Puerto Rico,
[“1849”]; Opuntia auberi Pfeiff. in C.F. Otto & A. Dietrich, Allg.
and Virgin Islands(Anegada, Guana, Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St.
Gartenzeitung 8: 282. 1840.
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Antigua, Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Nevis,
References: 3, 57, 68, 224, 540.
number 9 8 • 199
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill. = Nopalea cochenillifera (L.)
Salm-Dyck
Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849: 64.
1850 [“1849”]; Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. Opuntia x cubensis Britton & Rose, Torreya 12: 14. 1912.
8. 1768. Distribution: Native to Cuba, United States (FL).
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, References: 150, 152.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Opuntia curassavica (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Cactus
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, curassavicus L., Sp. Pl. 469. 1753.
Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Redonda, St.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Eustatius), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and northern South America.
St. Martin), Margarita, Tobago, and Trinidad; native to Mexico. Common Names: Pin cushion, Suckers (Lesser Antilles).
Common Names: Cochineal cactus, Roast pork, Smooth pear References: 1, 30, 58, 61, 68, 540.
(Jamaica), Cochineal cactus, Nopal, Raquette sans piquant,
Wachet (Lesser Antilles). Opuntia dejecta Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1834: 361. 1834;
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 45, 58, 61, 68, 75, 150, 224, 301, 323, Nopalea dejecta (Salm-Dyck) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849:
340, 540. 64. 1850 [“1849”].
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Distribution: Native to Cuba, and likely to Central America.
References: 3, 68.
Nopalea dejecta (Salm-Dyck) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849: 64.
1850 [“1849”];Opuntia dejecta Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ. 79. 1819; Cactus
1849: 64. 1850 [“1849”]. dillenii Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg. 3: pl. 255. 1818; Opuntia stricta
Distribution: Native to Cuba, and likely to Central America. (Haw.) Haw. var. dillenii (Ker Gawl.) L.D. Benson, Cact. Succ. J.
References: 3, 68, 224, 540. (Los Angeles) 41: 126. 1969.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Opuntia acaulis Ekman & Werderm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
29: 230. 1931; Consolea acaulis (Ekman & Werderm.) F.M. (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada,
Knuth in C. Backeberg & F.M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC 146. 1935. Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Redonda, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
References: 68, 152. St. Martin), Margarita, United States, Mexico, Central America,
Opuntia antillana Britton & Rose, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 73. and South America.
1918. Common Names: Common prickly-pear (Bahamas), Higo chumbo,
Opuntia domingensis Britton & Rose ex Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 466. Tuna, Tuna brava (Cuba), Tuna, Tuna brava (Dominican
1920, nom. nud. Republic), Raquette (Haiti), Prickly pear, Seaside tuna (Jamaica),
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Broad-leafed cassie, Dildo, Prickly pear, Raquette, Tuna (Lesser
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), and Lesser Antilles), Higo de mar, Tuna brava (Puerto Rico), Prickly pear
Antilles (St. Kitts). (Virgin Islands).
Common Names: Guasábara pilotera, Tuna (Dominican Republic), References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 45, 58, 61, 68, 75, 123, 131, 132, 152,
Chardon cardasse, Chat au volant, Piquant couéna, Piquant rouge, 224, 323.
Piquant sauteur, Raquette espagnole, Raquette pagnole (Haiti). Opuntia domingensis Britton & Rose ex Urb. = Opuntia antillana
References: 1, 5, 58, 61, 68, 123, 362. Britton & Rose
Opuntia auberi Pfeiff. in C.F. Otto & A. Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung Opuntia ekmanii Werderm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 225.
8: 282. 1840; Nopalea auberi (Pfeiff.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. 1931.
Dyck. 1849: 64. 1850 [“1849”]. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and Central America. References: 68, 152.
Opuntia elata Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck 361. 1834.
Opuntia bahamana Britton & Rose = Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to Paraguay fide Anderson (68).
Opuntia borinquensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 103. 1919. References: 3, 68, 224.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
References: 58, 61, 68. Opuntia elatior Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Opuntia brasiliensis (Willd.) Haw. = Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis (Willd.) Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Montserrat, Redonda, Saba),
A. Berger Margarita, Central America, and northern South America.
Common Name: French prickle (Lesser Antilles).
Opuntia caracassana Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849: 238. 1850
[“1849”].
Opuntia tunoides Britton & Shafer ex Bold., Fl. Dutch W. Ind. Is. 2: 81. Opuntia falcata Ekman & Werderm. = Consolea falcata (Ekman &
1914. Werderm.) F.M. Knuth
Opuntia wentiana Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 116. 1919. Opuntia ferox sensu Bello = Consolea rubescens (Salm-Dyck ex DC.) Lem.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Aruba, Bonaire,
Curaçao, Margarita, Trinidad, and South America. Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
References: 1, 68, 151, 301, 323. Opuntia vulgaris Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Opuntia caribaea Britton & Rose = Cylindropuntia caribaea (Britton & (Guadeloupe, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Martin), Margarita, Trinidad;
Rose) F.M. Knuth possibly native to Mexico.
Opuntia catocantha Pfeiff. = Consolea rubescens (Salm-Dyck ex DC.) Common Names: Higo chumbo, Tuna, Tuna blanca (Cuba), Alquitira,
Lem. Higo chumbo, Tuna de España, Tuna mansa (Dominican
Republic), Raquelle, Raquette (Haiti), Figuier de Barbarie, Indian Common Names: Piquant, Piquant sauteur (Haiti).
fig, Tuna (Lesser Antilles), Tuna, Tuna de España (Puerto Rico). References: 5, 68, 123.
References: 1, 3, 58, 61, 68, 123, 131, 224, 323. Opuntia testudinis-crus F.A.C. Weber = Consolea moniliformis (L.)
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. A. Berger
Opuntia guanicana K. Schum. ex Gürke = Consolea rubescens (Salm- Opuntia triacantha (Willd.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 172. 1826.
Dyck ex DC.) Lem. Opuntia militaris Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 104. 1919.
Opuntia haitiensis Britton = Consolea moniliformis (L.) A. Berger Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico, Virgin
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. Thomas), and Lesser Antilles
Opuntia horrida Salm-Dyck = Opuntia tuna (L.) Mill.
(Antigua, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Nevis, Redonda, Saba, St.
Opuntia hystrix Griseb. = Cylindropuntia hystrix (Griseb.) Areces Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin).
Opuntia jamaicensis Britton & Harris = Opuntia tuna (L.) Mill. Common Names: Jumping cassie, Raquette volante, Suckers, Sucking
cassie (Lesser Antilles).
Opuntia x lucayana Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 141. 1906. References: 1, 3, 58, 61, 68, 150.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Virgin
Islands (Buck Is). Opuntia tuna (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Cactus tuna L., Sp.
References: 45, 68. Pl. 468. 1753.
Opuntia horrida Salm-Dyck in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 3: 472. 1828.
Opuntia macracantha Griseb. = Consolea macracantha (Griseb.) Opuntia jamaicensis Britton & Harris, Torreya 11: 130. 1911.
A. Berger Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
Opuntia microcarpa K. Schum. = Consolea macracantha (Griseb.) Jamaica.
A. Berger Common Name: Tuna (Jamaica).
References: 2, 5, 30, 68, 151, 340.
Opuntia militaris Britton & Rose = Opuntia triacantha (Willd.) Sweet
Opuntia tunicata (Lehm.) Pfeiff. = Cylindropuntia tunicata (Lehm.)
Opuntia millspaughii Britton = Consolea millspaughii (Britton)
F.M. Knuth
A. Berger subsp. millspaughii
Opuntia tunoides Britton & Shafer ex Bold. = Opuntia caracassana
Opuntia moniliformis (L.) Haw. ex Steud. = Consolea moniliformis (L.)
Salm-Dyck
A. Berger
Opuntia urbaniana Werderm. = Consolea moniliformis (L.) A. Berger
Opuntia nashii Britton = Consolea nashii (Britton) A. Berger
Opuntia vulgaris Mill. = Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.
Opuntia picardae Urb. = Consolea macrantha (Griseb.) A. Berger
Opuntia wentiana Britton & Rose = Opuntia caracassana Salm-Dyck
Opuntia repens Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 277. 1881.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Pereskia aculeata Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); cultivated in Pereskia pereskia (L.) H. Karst., Deut. Fl. 888. 1882.
Cuba. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
Common Names: Gatos, Olaga (Puerto Rico), Suckers (Virgin Islands). Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
References: 3, 19, 58, 61, 68, 75, 131, 132, 151, 340, 540. Dominica, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba,
St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), and Trinidad.
Opuntia rubescens Salm-Dyck ex DC. = Consolea rubescens (Salm-Dyck
Common Names: Coronia de novia, Flor de cera, Grosellero, Grosellero
ex DC.) Lem.
americano, Grosellero de la florida, Guinda, Jazmín grosella,
Opuntia sanguinea Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 239. 1982. Tomate americano (Cuba), Camelia blanca (Dominican Republic),
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. West Indian gooseberry (Jamaica), Barbados gooseberry, Groseille-
References: 2, 68. Barbade, Groseille-pays (Lesser Antilles), Hortensia de bejuco, Uva
Opuntia spinosissima Mill. = Consolea spinosissima (Mill.) Lem. espinosa (Puerto Rico), Gooseberry shrub, Lemon vine (Virgin
Islands).
Opuntia spinosissima K. Schum. = Consolea rubescens (Salm-Dyck ex References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 19, 32, 58, 61, 68, 94, 123, 131, 147, 224, 301.
DC.) Lem. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ. 191. 1812; Cactus strictus Pereskia bleo (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 3: 475. 1828; Cactus bleo Kunth in
Haw., Misc. Nat. 188. 1803. F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov.
Opuntia bahamana Britton & Rose, Cact. 1: 203. 1919; Consolea Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 69. 1823.
bahamana (Britton & Rose) A. Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt. 94. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe,
1926. Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, United States, and eastern and Margarita; native to Panama and Colombia.
Mexico. Common Names: Corona de Cristo, Bella hortensia, Corona del señor
Common Names: Common prickly-pear (Bahamas), Higo chumbo, (Cuba), Camelia roja (Dominican Republic).
Tuna, Tuna brava (Cuba). References: 1, 5, 30, 68, 94, 123, 132, 151, 323.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 45, 58, 61, 68, 75, 123, 131, 132, 152,
224, 323. Pereskia cubensis Britton & Rose = Pereskia zinniiflora DC.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Pereskia grandifolia Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ. 85. 1819; Rhodocactus
Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. var. dillenii (Ker Gawl.) L.D. Benson = grandifolius (Haw.) F.M. Knuth in C. Backeberg & F.M. Knuth,
Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Kaktus-ABC 97. 1935.
Opuntia taylorii Britton & Rose, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 520. Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St.
1908. Eustatius, St. Kitts), Margarita, Trinidad, Mexico, and Central
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). America; native to Brazil.
number 9 8 • 201
Common Names: Abrojo, Abrojo de la Florida, Agujas y alfileres, Pilocereus schlumbergeri F.A.C. Weber ex K. Schum., Gesamtbeschr.
Albóndiga, Bella hortensia, Bruja, Corazón de novio, Corona de Kakt. 3: 186. 1897; Cephalocereus schlumbergeri (F.A.C. Weber
Cristo, Corona del señor, Espina del señor, Gracia de dios, Pinedo ex K. Schum.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 464. 1920.
blanco, Yamaqüey (Cuba), Hortensia trepadora (Puerto Rico). Cephalocereus brooksianus Britton & Rose, Torreya 12: 14. 1912;
References: 1, 2, 3, 58, 61, 68, 94, 131, 132, 224, 231, 301, 323. Pilosocereus brooksianus (Britton & Rose) Byles & G.D. Rowley,
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 19: 66. 1957.
Cephalocereus bahamensis Britton, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 415.
Pereskia marcanoi Areces, Brittonia 44: 423. 1992.
1909; Cereus bahamensis (Britton) Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk.
23: 23. 1913; Pilocereus bahamensis (Britton) F.M. Knuth in
Common Names: Rosa de bánica (Dominican Republic).
C. Backeberg & F.M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC 329. 1935; Pilosocereus
bahamensis (Britton) Byles & G.D. Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit.
Pereskia pereskia (L.) H. Karst. = Pereskia aculeata Mill. 19: 66. 1957.
Pereskia portulacifolia (L.) DC., Prodr. 3: 475. 1828; Cactus Pilocereus robinii (L.) Byles & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 19: 67.
portulacifolius L., Sp. Pl. 469. 1753. 1957.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti); cultivated in Cuba. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola and United States (FL).
Common Names: Abrojo de la Florida (Cuba), Camelia roja Common Name: Cayuco (Dominican Republic).
(Dominican Republic), Epines du Christ, Rose marron (Haiti). References: 3, 5, 39, 45, 68, 123, 150, 152, 362.
References: 3, 5, 68, 94, 123, 132, 159. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Pereskia quisqueyana Alain, Phytologia 47: 183. 1980.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Pilosocereus robinii (L.) Byles & Rowley = Pilosocereus polygonus
Common Names: Rosa de bayahibe (Dominican Republic). (Lam.) Byles & Rowles
References: 8, 68, 94, 123. Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 19: 67.
Pereskia zinniiflora DC., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 75. 1828 [as 1957; Cactus royenii L., Sp. Pl. 467. 1753; Cephalocereus royenii
zinniaeflorus]. (L.) Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 419. 1909;
Pereskia cubensis Britton & Rose, Torreya 12: 13. 1912; Rhodocactus Cactus strictus Willd., Hort. Berol. Suppl. 32. 1813; Pilocereus strictus
cubensis (Britton & Rose) F.M. Knuth in C. Backeberg & F.M. (Willd.) Rümpler & C.F. Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2, 2: 687.
Knuth, Kaktus-ABC 96. 1935. 1886.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cephalocereus barbadensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 44. 1920;
References: 3, 39, 57, 68, 94, 152, 156. Pilosocereus barbadensis (Britton & Rose) Byles & G.D. Rowley,
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 19: 66. 1957.
Cuba (39). Cephalocereus millspaughii Britton, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 417.
1909; Pilosocereus millspaughii (Britton) Byles & G.D. Rowley,
Phyllocactus hookeri (Link & Otto) Salm-Dyck = Epiphyllum Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 19: 67. 1957.
phyllanthus (L.) Haw. Cephalocereus monoclonos (DC.) Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl.
Phyllocactus strictus Lem. = Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw. Herb. 12: 418. 1909.
Cephalocereus nobilis (Haw.) Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
Pilocereus bahamensis (Britton) F.M. Knuth = Pilosocereus polygonus
12: 418. 1909; Pilosocereus nobilis (Haw.) Byles & Rowley, Cact.
(Lam.) Byles & Rowles
Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 19: 67. 1957.
Pilocereus lanuginosus sensu K. Schum. = Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Cereus swartzii Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 301. 1860; Cephalocereus
Byles & Rowley swartzii (Griseb.) Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12:
Pilocereus schlumbergeri F.A.C. Weber ex K. Schum. = Pilosocereus 420. 1909.
polygonus (Lam.) Byles & Rowles Cereus leiocarpus Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 276. 1881.
Pilocereus lanuginosus sensu K. Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 3: 183.
Pilocereus strictus (Willd.) Rümpler & C.F. Först. = Pilosocereus royenii 1897.
(L.) Byles & Rowley Pilocereus urbanianus K. Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 4: 193. 1897;
Pilocereus urbanianus K. Schum. = Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles & Pilosocereus urbanianus (K. Schum.) Byles & G.D. Rowley, Cact.
Rowley Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 19: 69. 1957.
Pilosocereus bahamensis (Britton) Byles & G.D. Rowley = Pilosocereus
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van Dyke,
polygonus (Lam.) Byles & Rowles
Pilosocereus barbadensis (Britton & Rose) Byles & G.D. Rowley = Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica,
Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles & Rowley Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba,
Pilosocereus brooksianus (Britton & Rose) Byles & G.D. Rowley = St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin), and
Pilosocereus polygonus (Lam.) Byles & Rowles Tobago.
Common Names: Charderon, Chardon, Cierge, Dildo, Organ cactus
Pilosocereus millspaughii (Britton) Byles & G.D. Rowley = Pilosocereus (Lesser Antilles), Dildo, Sebucán (Puerto Rico).
royenii (L.) Byles & Rowley References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 30, 36, 37, 45, 58, 61, 68, 75, 149, 151,
Pilosocereus nobilis (Haw.) Byles & Rowley = Pilosocereus royenii (L.) 152, 340.
Byles & Rowley Pilosocereus urbanianus (K. Schum.) Byles & G.D. Rowley =
Pilosocereus polygonus (Lam.) Byles & Rowles, Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles & Rowley
Brit. 19: 67. 1957; Cactus polygonus Lam., Encycl. 1: 539. 1785; Pseudorhipsalis alata (Sw.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 213. 1923;
Cephalocereus polygonus (Lam.) Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Cactus alatus Sw., Prodr. 77. 1788; Disocactus alatus (Sw.)
Natl. Herb. 12: 418. 1909; Cereus polygonus (Lam.) DC., Prodr. Kimnach, Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 33: 14. 1961.
3: 466. 1828.
Rhipsalis swartziana Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact. 131. 1837. Selenicereus maxonii Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 430. 1909.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Distribution: Apparently native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba,
References: 2, 30, 68, 151. Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, and Central America; exotic
in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St.
Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Barthlott, Bradleya 9: 90. 1991,
Thomas, Tortola), and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe,
subsp. ramulosa; Cereus ramulosus Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck 340.
Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Martin).
1834; Disocactus ramulosus (Salm-Dyck) Kimnach, Cact. Succ. J.
Common Names: Queen-of-the-night (Bahamas), Pitahaya, Pitajaya,
(Los Angeles) 33: 14. 1961.
Reina de las flores Yaguarabas, Yaguarabos (Cuba), Flor de
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Central America, and South America.
baile, Flor de mayo (Dominican Republic), Queen-of-the-night
References: 2, 57, 68, 151.
(Jamaica), Cardón, Reina de la noche (Puerto Rico), Queen of the
Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Barthlott subsp. jamaicensis night (Virgin Islands).
(Britton & Harris) Doweld, Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1–2): 42. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 32, 45, 57, 58, 61, 68, 75, 123, 131, 132,
2001 [“2002”]; Rhipsalis jamaicensis Britton & Harris, Torreya 9: 150.
159. 1909.
Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Britton & Rose var. irradians (Lem.) Borg
= Selenicereus pteranthus (Link ex A. Dietr.) Britton
References: 2, 68, 151, 156.
Selenicereus maxonii Rose = Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Britton &
Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S. Muell.) Stearn, Cact. J. (London) 7: 107. 1939;
Rose
Cassytha baccifera J.S. Muell., Ill. Syst. Sex. Linnaei 1, ord. 1[t.
2a], t. 29. 1771. Selenicereus pteranthus (Link ex A. Dietr.) Britton, Contr. U.S. Natl.
Hariota parasitica (Lam.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 262. 1891. Herb. 12: 431. 1909.
Rhipsalis cassutha Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 137. 1788. Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Britton & Rose var. irradians (Lem.)
Rhipsalis fasciculata (Willd.) Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ. 83. 1819. Borg, Cacti 206. 1951; Cereus irradians Lem., Ill. Hort. 11
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, (Misc.): 74. 1864.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Cereus nycticalus Link ex A. Dietr., Verh. Vereins Beford. Gartenbaues
Barbados, Martinique, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita, Königl. Preuss. Staaten 10: 372. 1834.
and United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, South America, Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, and
and Old World. Mexico; cultivated in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Croix).
Common Names: Arito de piedra, Fruta de culebra (Dominican Common Names: Queen-of-the-night (Bahamas), Pitahaya, Pitajaya,
Republic), Currant cactus, Mistletoe (Jamaica), Barbas de palo, Yaguarabas, Yaguarabos (Cuba), Flor de mayo (Puerto Rico).
Pegapalo (Puerto Rico). References: 3, 4, 30, 45, 61, 68, 131, 132, 150, 151, 152, 159, 230,
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 58, 61, 68, 150, 151, 301, 323, 340. 536, 540.
Rhipsalis cassutha Gaertn. = Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S. Muell.) Stearn Selenicereus urbanianus Britton & Rose = Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.)
Britton & Rose
Rhipsalis fasciculata (Willd.) Haw. = Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S. Muell.)
Stearn Stenocereus fimbriatus (Lam.) Lourteig, Bradea 5: 408. 1991; Cactus
fimbriatus Lam., Encycl. 1: 539. 1783.
Rhipsalis jamaicensis Britton & Harris = Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-
Lemaireocereus hystrix (Haw.) Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
Dyck) Barthlott subsp. jamaicensis (Britton & Harris) Doweld
12: 425. 1909; Stenocereus hystrix (Haw.) Buxb., Bot. Stud. 12:
Rhipsalis swartziana Pfeiff. = Pseudorhipsalis alata (Sw.) Britton & Rose 100. 1961.
Rhodocactus cubensis (Britton & Rose) F.M. Knuth = Pereskia Stenocereus peruvianus (Mill.) R. Kiesling, Darwiniana 24: 446. 1982.
ziniiflora DC. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. John).
Rhodocactus grandifolius (Haw.) F.M. Knuth = Pereskia grandifolia Haw. References: 2, 3, 19, 57, 58, 61, 68, 149.
Selenicereus boeckmannii (Otto) Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Stenocereus hystrix (Haw.) Buxb. = Stenocereus fimbriatus (Lam.) Lourteig
Herb. 12: 429. 1909; Cereus boeckmannii Otto in J.F.M.A.H.I.F.
Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck 1849: 217. 1850. Stenocereus peruvianus (Mill.) R. Kiesling = Stenocereus fimbriatus
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, (Lam.) Lourteig
and Mexico. Subpilocereus grenadensis (Britton & Rose) Backeb. = Cereus repandus
Common Names: Queen-of-the-night (Bahamas), Pitahaya, Pitajaya, (L.) Mill.
Yaguarabas, Yaguarabos (Cuba).
References: 3, 4, 45, 61, 68, 132. EXCLUDED SPECIES
Selenicereus brevispinus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 201. 1920; Selenicereus innesii Kimnach, Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 54: 4. 1982.
Cereus brevispinus (Britton & Rose) A Berger, Kakteen (Berger) References: 57, 68, 540.
113. 1929. Note: Described in error as originating from the Lesser Antilles, but
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. in fact a green-house hybrid of Disocactus flagelliformis. (Nigel
References: 3, 68, 152. Taylor, personal comments).
Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
12: 430. 1909; Cactus grandiflorus L., Sp. Pl. 467. 1753; Cereus Calceolariaceae
grandiflorus (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Cereus bakeri (Britton & Rose) Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 23. Genera. Total: 1; native: 0; endemic: 0.
1913; Cephalocereus bakeri Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Taxa. Total: 3; native: 0; endemic: 0.
Herb. 12: 415. 1909.
Selenicereus urbanianus Britton & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: Calceolaria chelidonioides Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
242. 1913. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 378. 1818.
number 9 8 • 203
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Mexico, Central America, Calophyllum rivulare Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 604. 1974.
and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Calceolaria pinnata L., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 31: 286. 1770. Calophyllum utile Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 602. 1974.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Central America and South Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
America. Reference: 149.
References: 2, 151, 245, 361. Mammea americana L., Sp. Pl. 512. 1753.
Calceolaria tripartita Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 1: 14. 1798. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cayman
Distribution: Naturalized in Cuba and Jamaica; native to South Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
America. (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Reference: 361. Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique,
Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
Margarita, Tobago, and Trinidad.
CALOPHYLLACEAE Common Names: Mamey (Bahamas), Mamey, Mamey amarillo,
Mamey de Santo Domingo (Cuba), Mama apple, Mamey, Mamma
Genera. Total: 3; native: 3; endemic: 0. apple (Dominican Republic), Abricot, Abricotier, Abricotier des
Taxa. Total: 11; native: 9; endemic: 8. Antilles, Zabricot, Z’abricot (Haiti), Mammee (Jamaica), Abricot,
Abricotier, Mammee apple, Mammee sapote, Zabwiko, Zapricot
Calophyllum antillanum Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. (Lesser Antilles), Mamey (Puerto Rico), Mammee apple (Virgin
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 584. 1924; Calophyllum brasiliense Islands).
Cambess. var. antillanum (Britton) Standl., Trop. Woods 30: 7. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 301, 323, 340.
1932; Calophyllum jacquinii Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 5:
Mammea humilis Vahl = Garcinia humilis (Vahl) C.D. Adams
200. 1926; Calophyllum calaba sensu Jacq. (as to the New World
(Clusiaceae)
elements), Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 269. 1763, non L., 1753.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Marila biflora Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 78. 1926.
(St. Croix, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, References: 5, 7.
Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, and Central Marila dissitiflora C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
America. Habana 5: 237. 1868.
Common Names: Baría, Dalmagre, Malagueta, Mara, María, Palo Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
María, Santa María (Dominican Republic), Bois marie, Dalemarie, Reference: 3.
Dalmarie, Damage, Dame marie (Haiti), Galba, Santa Maria
(Jamaica), Bois de charromage, Galba (Lesser Antilles), Aceite de Marila domingensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 17. 1929.
maría, María, Palo de María, Santa María (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 1, 2, 7, 58, 61, 75, 131, 137, 149, 230, 301, 340. References: 5, 7.
Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. in A. Saint-Hilaire, Fl. Bras. Merid. Marila racemosa Sw., Prodr. 84. 1788.
(quarto ed.) 1: 321. 1828. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica,
Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. subsp. longifolium (Willd.) Vesque, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St.
Monogr. Phan. 8: 592. 1893. Lucia, St. Vincent); reported for Trinidad.
Calophyllum lucidum Benth., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 370. Common Names: Bois-cachiman, Bois-casse rose, Bois pois, Bull
1843. tongue, Bwa pwa, Cachiman bois, Cachiman marron (Lesser
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas; native to Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Antilles).
Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. var. antillanum (Britton) Standl. = Campanulaceae
Calophyllum antillanum Britton
Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. subsp. longifolium (Willd.) Vesque = Genera. Total: 5; native: 5; endemic: 0.
Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. Taxa. Total: 64; native: 64; endemic: 57.
Calophyllum calaba sensu Jacq. = Calophyllum antillanum Britton Campanula perfoliata L. = Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl.
Calophyllum inophyllum L., Sp. Pl. 513. 1753. Centropogon berteroanus (Spreng.) DC., Prodr. 7(2): 345. 1839; Lobelia
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Puerto Rico; native to Africa, Asia, berteroana Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 712. 1824 [“1825”].
Malesia, and Pacific region. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, St.
Common Names: Kamani, María grande (Puerto Rico). Lucia).
References: 58, 131, 159, 224, 252, 383. Common Name: Liane rouge (Lesser Antilles).
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. References: 1, 31, 152.
Calophyllum jacquinii Fawc. & Rendle = Calophyllum antillanum Britton Centropogon cornutus (L.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles
Calophyllum madruno Kunth = Garcinia madruno (Kunth) Hammel 3: 416. 1914; Lobelia cornuta L., Sp. Pl. 930. 1753.
(Clusiaceae) Centropogon cornutus (L.) Druce f. leucanthus E. Wimm. in H.G.A.
Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 276b (Heft 106): 200. 1943.
Calophyllum pinetorum Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 603. 1974.
Centropogon surinamensis (L.) C. Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 48.
1836.
Reference: 149.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Grenada, Guadeloupe, A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 7(2): 394. 1839; Lobelia robusta Graham
Martinique), Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita, Mexico, Central var. portoricensis (A. DC.) McVaugh, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67:
America, and South America. 144. 1940.
Common Name: Bois poison (Lesser Antilles). Lobelia robusta Graham, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 11: 378. 1831;
References: 1, 147, 152, 323. Tupa robusta (Graham) A. DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 7(1):
294. 1838.
Centropogon cornutus (L.) Druce f. leucanthus E. Wimm. =
Siphocampylus cubensis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Centropogon cornutus (L.) Druce
11: 68. 1850.
Dortmanna acuminata (Sw.) Kuntze var. pubescens Kuntze = Lobelia Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
acuminata Sw. and Puerto Rico.
Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 3: 717. 1834; Lobelia Common Name: Achicoria cimarrona (Puerto Rico).
longiflora L., Sp. Pl. 930. 1753; Isotoma longiflora (L.) C. Presl, References: 7, 58, 61, 131, 136, 152, 340.
Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 42. 1836; Laurentia longiflora (L.) E. Lobelia assurgens L. var. santa-clarae McVaugh = Lobelia assurgens L.
Wimm., Publ. Field. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(6): 474. 1937. var. assurgens
Lobelia berteroana Spreng. = Centropogon berteroanus (Spreng.) DC.
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Marie Galante, Lobelia brigittalis E.H.L. Krause, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 32 (2): 337. 1914.
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Lucia), Margarita, Trinidad, Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent).
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Reference: 1.
Common Names: Guibey, Quibey (Dominican Republic), Feuilles Lobelia cacuminis Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50:
crabe, Geuilles crabe, Tibey (Haiti), Horse poison, Madam fate 50. 1923; Lobelia oxyphylla Urb. subsp. cacuminis (Britton &
(Jamaica), Herbe-poison, Mort aux cabrits, Pipe-shank, Pipe- P. Wilson) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 37. 1979.
zombi, Star of Bethlehem (Lesser Antilles), Cipril, Tibey, Tibey Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
blanco (Puerto Rico). References: 136, 152.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 136, 151, 159, 301,
323, 340. Lobelia caledoniana C.D. Adams, Phytologia 21: 67. 1971.
Isotoma longiflora (L.) C. Presl = Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G. Don Reference: 2.
Laurentia longiflora (L.) E. Wimm. = Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G. Don Lobelia caudata (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 455. 1899; Tupa
Legousia perfoliata (L.) Britton = Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. caudata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 386. 1861.
Lobelia acuminata Sw., Prodr. 115. 1788.
References: 2, 36.
Dortmanna acuminata (Sw.) Kuntze var. pubescens Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
Pl. 2: 379. 1891. Lobelia christii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 420. 1912.
Lobelia alticaulis Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 69. 1967. Lobelia cirsiifolia Lam., Encycl. 3: 584. 1792.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Lobelia heterodonta Sprague, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 36: 252. 1904.
Reference: 2. Lobelia infesta (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 455. 1899; Tupa infesta
Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 387. 1861.
Lobelia aphylla Nutt. = Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnhart ex Small
Lobelia ryanii Rendle, J. Bot. 73: 277. 1935.
(Burmaniaceae)
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts,
Lobelia aquatica Cham., Linnaea 8: 211. 1833. St. Lucia, St. Vincent); doubtful to Trinidad.
Lobelia domingensis A. DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 7(2): 359. 1839. References: 1, 30, 36, 149, 152, 301.
Lobelia cliffortiana L., Sp. Pl. 931. 1753, var. cliffortiana
Common Names: Cardinale bleue, Mercure végétal (Haiti).
References: 7, 123, 151, 152.
Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), Trinidad, Central America, and South
Lobelia assurgens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1237. 1759, var. assurgens; America.
Tupa assurgens (L.) A. DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 7(2): 394. Common Names: Lobelia (Cuba), Yerba mora (Dominican Republic),
1839. La mandu (Haiti), Cardenala azul (Puerto Rico).
Lobelia assurgens L. var. jamaicensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 453. 1899; References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 136, 151, 301, 340.
Lobelia jamaicensis (Urb.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 104. 1930.
Lobelia cliffortiana L. var. xalapensis (Kunth) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N.
Lobelia assurgens L. var. santa-clarae McVaugh, N. Amer. Fl. 32A: 84.
Amer. 2(1): 7. 1878; Lobelia xalapensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von
1943.
Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto
ed.) 3: 315. 1819.
and Jamaica.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique), Central
Common Names: Cop shango, Yautía de burro (Dominican Republic),
Cardinale rouge, Coq shango, Lobéle candinale, Lobélie cardinale
References: 1, 151.
(Haiti), Red heart (Jamaica).
References: 2, 7, 30, 75, 123, 136, 149, 210. Lobelia conglobata Lam., Encycl. 3: 585. 1792.
Lobelia assurgens L. var. jamaicensis Urb. = Lobelia assurgens L. var.
Common Name: Fleur-boule-montagne (Lesser Antilles).
assurgens
Reference: 1.
Lobelia assurgens L. var. portoricensis (A. DC.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1:
Lobelia cornuta L. = Centropogon cornutus (L.) Druce
454. 1899; Tupa assurgens (L.) A. DC. var. portoricensis A. DC. in
number 9 8 • 205
Lobelia cubana Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 455. 1899. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Tupa montana C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 159. 1866. References: 30, 136.
Lobelia oxyphylla Urb. subsp. cacuminis (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi
References: 30, 136, 151, 152.
= Lobelia cacuminis Britton & P. Wilson
Lobelia digitalifolia (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 455. 1899; Tupa
Lobelia persicifolia Lam., Encycl. 3: 584. 1792.
digitalifolia Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 387. 1861.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe).
Lobelia guadeloupensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 454. 1899. Lobelia
Common Name: Herbe-poison (Lesser Antilles).
digitalifolia (Griseb.) Urb. var. guadeloupensis (Urb.) McVaugh,
Reference: 1.
N. Amer. Fl. 32A: 90. 1943.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Lobelia piedrana Urb. = Lobelia imberbis (Griseb.) Urb.
Montserrat). Lobelia plumieri L. = Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl (Goodeniaceae)
Common Name: Zeb apite (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 30, 36, 147, 152. Lobelia portoricensis (Vatke) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 453. 1899; Tupa
portoricensis Vatke, Linnaea 38: 727. 1874.
Lobelia domingensis A. DC. = Lobelia aquatica Cham. Tupa acuminata sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 288. 1881,
Lobelia ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 63. 1926. non DC.
Siphocampylus caudatus McVaugh, N. Amer. Fl. 32A: 107. 1943. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Common Name: Tibey tupa (Puerto Rico).
References: 7, 149. References: 30, 58, 61, 75, 131, 152, 340
Lobelia fawcettii Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 452. 1899. Lobelia praetervisa Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 38: 192. 1995.
Tupa conglobata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 387. 1861. [“1993-1994”].
Lobelia flavescens (A. DC.) E. Wimm. = Lobelia stricta Sw. Lobelia robusta Graham = Lobelia assurgens L. var. portoricensis
(A. DC.) Urb.
Lobelia grandifolia Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 359. 1910.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Lobelia robusta Graham var. portoricensis (A. DC.) McVaugh =
Reference: 2. Lobelia assurgens L. var. portoricensis (A. DC.) Urb.
Lobelia harrisii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 520. 1908. Lobelia rotundifolia Juss. ex A. DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 7(2):
Reference: 2. Tupa domingensis Vatke, Linnaea 38: 728. 1874.
Lobelia heterodonta Sprague = Lobelia cirsiifolia Lam.
Puerto Rico.
Lobelia hotteana Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci. 32: References: 7, 30, 58, 149, 307.
139. 1987.
Lobelia ryanii Rendle = Lobelia cirsiifolia Lam.
References: 7, 156. Lobelia salicina Lam. subsp. brachyantha (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz =
Lobelia salicina Lam. var. brachyantha Urb.
Lobelia imberbis (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 455. 1899; Tupa
imberbis Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 516. 1862. Lobelia salicina Lam., Encycl. 3: 583. 1792, var. salicina
Lobelia piedrana Urb., Arsk. Bot. 23A(5): 105. 1930. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
References: 30, 136, 147, 149. Lobelia salicina Lam. var. brachyantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 431.
Lobelia infesta (Griseb.) Urb. = Lobelia cirsiifolia Lam. 1925; Lobelia salicina Lam. subsp. brachyantha (Urb.) Borhidi &
O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 58: 177. 1971.
Lobelia innominata Rendle, J. Bot. 73: 274. 1935.
Hispaniola.
Reference: 2.
Lobelia kraussii Graham, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 11: 379. 1831.
Lobelia salviifolia A. Rich. = Siphocampylus manettiiflorus Hook.
Reference: 1. Lobelia santa-luciae Rendle, J. Bot. 75: 74. 1937.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia).
Lobelia longiflora L. = Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G. Don
Reference: 1.
Lobelia lucayana Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 428. 1920.
Lobelia shaferi Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 419. 1912, var. shaferi
Lobelia nipensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 106. 1930; Lobelia shaferi
Reference: 45.
Urb. var. nipensis (Urb.) E. Wimm., Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien
Lobelia martagon (Griseb.) Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. 56: 365. 1948.
Gard. 4: 103. 1893; Tupa martagon Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 386. Lobelia obtusata Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 105. 1930; Lobelia shaferi
1861. Urb. var. obtusata (Urb.) E. Wimm., Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. 56: 365. 1948.
Lobelia nipensis Urb. = Lobelia shaferi Urb. var. shaferi References: 30, 147, 149.
Lobelia obtusata Urb. = Lobelia shaferi Urb. var. shaferi Lobelia shaferi Urb. var. nipensis (Urb.) E. Wimm. = Lobelia shaferi Urb.
Lobelia oxyphylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 418. 1912. Lobelia shaferi Urb. var. obtusata (Urb.) E. Wimm. = Lobelia shaferi Urb.
Lobelia sonchifolia Sw. = Siphocampylus sonchifolius (Sw.) McVaugh Siphocampylus lamarckii A. DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 7(2): 397.
1839, var. lamarckii
Lobelia stricta Sw., Prodr. 117. 1788.
Siphocampylus laciniatus (Lam.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 451. 1899.
Lobelia areolata Rich. ex Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 18: 3. 1811.
Siphocampylus pinnatisectus Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 56.
Tupa flavescens A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 7(2): 395. 1839;
1923.
Lobelia flavescens (A. DC.) E. Wimm. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr.
IV, 276b (Heft 107): 626. 1953.
Common Name: Arito (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique, Nevis,
References: 5, 7, 30, 134, 149.
St. Kitts).
References: 1, 150, 152. Siphocampylus lamarckii A. DC. var. sinuatus E. Wimm., Ann.
Naturhist. Mus. Wien. 56: 321. 1948.
Lobelia taccada Gaertn. = Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.
(Goodeniaceae)
Reference: 7.
Lobelia viridiflora McVaugh, N. Amer. Fl. 32A: 91. 1943.
Siphocampylus lamarckii A. DC. var. tuerckheimii (Urb.) E. Wimm.,
Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien. 56: 322. 1948; Siphocampylus
Reference: 2.
tuerckheimii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 416. 1912.
Lobelia vivaldii Lammers & Proctor, Brittonia 46: 274. 1994. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico (Mona Is.). Reference: 7.
Siphocampylus leptophyllus Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 104. 1930.
Lobelia xalapensis Kunth = Lobelia cliffortiana L. var. xalapensis Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
(Kunth) A. Gray Reference: 7.
Siphocampylus baracoensis Vict., Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 49: Siphocampylus libanensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 429. 1925.
Siphocampylus caudatus McVaugh = Lobelia ekmanii Urb. Cuba (39).
Siphocampylus cernuus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 159. 1866, var. cernuus Siphocampylus linearifolius Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 417.
Reference: 136 Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Reference: 7.
Siphocampylus cernuus Griseb. var. nipensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9:
430. 1925; Siphocampylus cernuus Griseb. subsp. nipensis (Urb.) Siphocampylus manettiiflorus Hook., Bot. Mag. 74: t. 4403. 1848.
Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 58: 177. 1971. Lobelia salviifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Siphocampylus cubensis A. Rich. = Lobelia assurgens L. var.
portoricensis (A. DC.) Urb. Siphocampylus patens Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 159. 1866.
Siphocampylus decumbens Juss. ex A. DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. Reference: 136.
7(2): 397. 1839.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Siphocampylus pinnatisectus Gleason = Siphocampylus lamarckii A.
References: 5, 7, 149. DC. var. lamarckii
Siphocampylus domingensis A. DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 7(2): Siphocampylus ruber Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
397. 1839. La Salle” 18: 2. 1960.
Common Name: Dama entre galanes (Dominican Republic). Reference: 136.
References: 5, 7, 149. Siphocampylus sonchifolius (Sw.) McVaugh, N. Amer. Fl. 32A: 105.
Siphocampylus ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 429. 1925. 1943; Lobelia sonchifolia Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1947. 1806; Tupa
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. sonchifolia (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 388. 1861.
References: 7, 30, 247, 149, 189.
Siphocampylus glaber McVaugh = Siphocampylus subglaber Urb. var.
glaber (McVaugh) E. Wimm. Siphocampylus subglaber Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 418. 1912, var.
subglaber
Siphocampylus igneus Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 452. 1899. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Name: Cocaria (Dominican Republic).
References: 5, 7, 123. Siphocampylus subglaber Urb. var. glaber (McVaugh) E. Wimm.
in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 276b (Heft 107): 271. 1953;
Siphocampylus impressus Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 417. 1912. Siphocampylus glaber McVaugh, N. Amer. Fl. 32A: 103. 1943.
Cuba (39). Siphocampylus tuerckheimii Urb. = Siphocampylus lamarckii A. DC.
var. tuerckheimii (Urb.) E. Wimm.
Siphocampylus laciniatus (Lam.) Urb. = Siphocampylus lamarckii
A. DC. var. lamarckii Siphocampylus undulatus Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 428. 1925.
number 9 8 • 207
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. cinnamon, Wild cinnamon (Lesser Antilles), Canela, Barbasco,
References: 30, 39, 136. Pepper cinnamon (Puerto Rico).
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 30, 34, 45, 58, 61, 75, 151, 340.
Cuba (39). Cinnamodendron angustifolium Sleumer, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Siphocampylus yumuriensis Vict., Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 49: Veg. 41: 127. 1936.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Name: Quatre negres (Haiti).
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cinnamodendron corticosum Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 1:
Cuba (39). 351. 1858.
Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. = Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Common Name: Red canella (Jamaica), Mountain cinnamon (Jamaica).
Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 192. 1914;
References: 2, 427.
Campanula perfoliata L., Sp. Pl. 169. 1753; Legousia perfoliata
(L.) Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 309. 1894; Specularia
Species.
perfoliata (L.) A. DC., Monogr. Campan. 351. 1830.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, North America, Mexico, Cinnamodendron cubense Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 19.
Central America, and South America. 1922.
Common Names: Canela, Cúrbana (Cuba).
Tupa acuminata sensu A. Stahl, non DC. = Gesneria pedunculosa (DC.)
Fritsch (Gesneriaceae)
Tupa assurgens (L.) A. DC. = Lobelia assurgens L. var. assurgens Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Tupa assurgens (L.) A. DC. var. portoricensis A. DC. = Lobelia Cinnamodendron ekmanii Sleumer, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 41:
assurgens L. var. portoricensis (A. DC.) Urb. 127. 1936.
Tupa caudata Griseb. = Lobelia caudata (Griseb.) Urb. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Names: Canelilla, Canelillo (Dominican Republic).
Tupa digitalifolia Griseb. = Lobelia digitalifolia (Griseb.) Urb. References: 7, 123.
Tupa flavescens A. DC. = Lobelia stricta Sw. Cinnamodendron macranthum Baill. = Pleodendron macranthum
Tupa imberbis Griseb. = Lobelia imberbis (Griseb.) Urb. (Baill.) Tiegh.
Tupa infesta Griseb. = Lobelia cirsiifolia Lam. Pleodendron ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 75. 1928.
Tupa martagon Griseb. = Lobelia martagon (Griseb.) Hitchc.
Reference: 7.
Tupa montana C. Wright ex Griseb. = Lobelia cubana Urb.
Pleodendron macranthum (Baill.) Tiegh., J. Bot. (Morot) 13: 272.
Tupa robusta (Graham) A. DC. = Lobelia assurgens L. var. 1899; Cinnamodendron macranthum Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn.
portoricensis (A. DC.) Urb. Paris 1: 317. 1882.
Tupa sonchifolia (Sw.) Griseb. = Siphocampylus lamarckii A. DC. var. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
lamarckii References: 30, 58, 61, 149, 151, 427, 633.
Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and
critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Canellaceae Winterana canella L. = Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn.

Taxa. Total: 7; native: 7; endemic: 6. Cannabaceae
Canella alba Murray = Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn. Genera. Total: 3; native: 2; endemic: 0.
Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 373. 1788; Laurus Taxa. Total: 10; native: 9; endemic: 5.
winterana L., Sp. Pl. 371. 1753.
Canella alba Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 443. 1784. Cannabis sativa L., Sp. Pl. 1027. 1753.
Winterana canella L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1045. 1759. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Antilles, Tobago, Trinidad, North America, Central America, and
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands`(Anegada, St. Croix, St. South America; native to Asia.
John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Common Names: Cáñamo (Cuba), Cañamo indio, Mariguana,
Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Marihuana (Dominican Republic), Ghanja, Marijuana, Maryjane
Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), North America, Mexico, and (Lesser Antilles), Cáñamo, Mariguana, Marihuana, Marijuana
Central America. (Puerto Rico), Hemp, Indian hemp, Pot (Virgin Islands).
Common Names: Cinnamon bark, White-wood bark, Wild cinnamon References: 1, 2, 7, 58, 301.
(Bahamas), Canelero de Cuba, Canelillo, Copalillo, Cúrbana Celtis aculeata Sw. = Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg.
Malambo, Melambo, Negracuba, Palo malambo (Cuba),
Celtis aculeata Sw. var. serrata Griseb. = Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg.
Canela, Canela de la tierra, Canelilla (Dominican Republic),
Camille, Canille, Cannelle, Cannelle poivree (Haiti), Canella, Celtis berteroana Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 109. 1917.
Wild cinnamon (Jamaica), Bastard cinnamon, Bois-cannelle, Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Bwa kannèl, Canellier bâtard, Canellier blanc, Kannèl, Pepper Hispaniola.
Common Names: Bois feuilles blanches, Casser hache gris (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg., Silva 7: 64. 1895; Rhamnus iguanaea Trema domingense Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 191. 1912.
Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 16. 1760; Momisia iguanaea (Jacq.) Rose & Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 8. 1912. Common Names: Anisillo (Dominican Republic), Bois de soie (Haiti).
Celtis aculeata Sw., Prodr. 53. 1788. References: 7, 30.
Celtis aculeata Sw. var. serrata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 149. 1859. Trema floridanum Britton ex Small = Trema micranthum (L.) Blume
Ziziphus reticulata sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 4: 42. 1886,
non (Vahl) DC. Trema lamarckianum (Roem. & Schult.) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 58. 1856;
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Celtis lamarckiana Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 6: 311. 1820;
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Sponia lamarckiana (Roem. & Schult.) Dcne., Nouv. Ann. Mus.
St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Hist. Nat. 3: 498. 1834.
Dominica, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Celtis parvifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, 219. 1850.
St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Common Names: Hackberry (Bahamas), Baboyana, Rompe ropa Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St.
(Cuba), Coca, Gallito, Gatito, Guaraguao (Dominican Republic), Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and North America.
Chene blanc, Coca chen blanche, Liane crabe, Liane grabe, Liane Common Names: Pain-in-back (Bahamas), Capulí cimarrón, Guasimilla
pagne (Haiti), Cockspur, Croca chien, Gratte-jambe (Lesser (Cuba), Cuba, Cubita, Majagua, Majagua de Cuba, Memiso,
Antilles), Azufaifo (Puerto Rico). Memiso cimarrón (Dominican Republic), Bois mahaut, Mahaut
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 301, 323, 340. piment (Haiti), Caca-ravet, Orme petites feuilles (Lesser Antilles),
Cabrilla, Palo de cabrilla (Puerto Rico).
Celtis jamaicensis Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 10: 290. 1848. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 351.
Celtis trinervia sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 149. 1859, non Lam.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Trema micranthum (L.) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 58. 1856; Rhamnus
References: 2, 30, 427. micrantha L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 937. 1759; Sponia micrantha (L.)
Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 498. 1834.
Species. Varronia alba Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 14. 1760; Calyptracordia alba
( Jacq.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto
Celtis lamarckiana Roem. & Schult. = Trema lamarckianum (Roem. & Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 123. 1925; Cordia alba ( Jacq.) Roem.
Schult.) Blume & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 466. 1819; Gerascanthus albus (Jacq.)
Celtis parvifolia A. Rich. = Trema lamarckianum (Roem. & Schult.) Blume Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 403. 1988; Lithocardium album
( Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 438. 1891, in part as to type.
Celtis punctata (Urb. & Ekman) Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 14.
Trema floridanum Britton ex Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 366. 1903 [22 Jul], as
1928; Sarcomphalus punctatus Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5):
floridana.
19. 1926.
Trema micranthum (L.) Blume var. obtusatum Urb., Symb. Antill. 4:
195. 1905.
Common Names: Bois feuilles blanches, Bois raie, Bois raire (Haiti).
Trema mollis Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 58. 1856.
References: 5, 7.
Celtis trinervia Lam., Encycl. 4: 140. 1797. Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Saba, St. Eustatius, St.
Tortola), Mexico, and Central America. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
Common Names: Aguedita, Cabellos de la reina, Gallina, Gallinasa, America, and South America.
Garrapata, Graciliano, Guasiriano, Guisacillo, Huesillo, Hueso, Common Names: Almez de flores pequeñas, Guácima boba,
Hueso blanco, Jaboncillo, Malva de sierra, Quiebra hacha de Guasimilla, Guasimilla cimarrona, Memiso macho, Saguá (Cuba),
costa, Ramón de costa, Ramón de sierra (Cuba), Amarguillo, Anisillo, Cabrita, Cuba, Majagua de Cuba, Memiso, Memiso
Anisillo, Lejío, Palo amargo (Dominican Republic), Bois feuilles cimarrón, Memiso de paloma (Dominican Republic), Bois de
blanchez, Bois raie, Casser hache gris (Haiti), Bastard fustic scie, Bois de soie, Mahaut piment (Haiti), Jamaican nettle tree
( Jamaica), Alméz, Guacimilla, Raspador, Ruiseñor (Puerto Rico). (Jamaica), Bois de l’orme, Orme-petit feuilles, Petit orme (Lesser
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 149, 151, 152, 301, Antilles), Guacimilla, Palo de cabra (Puerto Rico).
340. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150, 151, 301,
Celtis trinervia sensu Griseb. = Celtis jamaicensis Planch. 323, 340.
Momisia iguanaea (Jacq.) Rose & Standl. = Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg. Trema micranthum (L.) Blume var. obtusatum Urb. = Trema
micranthum (L.) Blume
Rhamnus iguanaea Jacq. = Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg.
Trema mollis Blume = Trema micranthum (L.) Blume
Rhamnus micrantha L. = Trema micranthum (L.) Blume
Sarcomphalus punctatus Urb. & Ekman = Celtis punctata (Urb. &
Ekman) Urb. & Ekman Cannaceae
Sponia lamarckiana (Roem. & Schult.) Dcne. = Trema lamarckianum
(Roem. & Schult.) Blume
Sponia micrantha (L.) Decne. = Trema micranthum (L.) Blume
Canna cinnabarina Bouché = Canna indica L
Trema cubense Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 2. 1927.
number 9 8 • 209
Canna coccinea Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Capparaceae

Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica; native to
southern South America. Genera. Total: 6; native: 6; endemic: 1.
Common Names: Canna, Platanillo de monte, Flor de campana, Taxa. Total: 29; native: 29; endemic: 14.
Platanillo colorado, Platanillo de Cuba (Cuba), Cigarrón
(Dominican Republic), Sagou marron (Haiti), Wild Canna Breynia indica L. = Quadrella indica (L.) Iltis & Cornejo
(Jamaica).
Capparidastrum frondosum (Jacq.) Cornejo & Iltis, Harvard Pap.
References: 1, 2, 30, 123, 132, 147, 159, 210, 340.
Bot. 13: 232. 2008; Capparis frondosa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 24.
Canna coccinea sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Canna indica L. 1760.
Canna discolor Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1231. 1829. Capparis baducca L., Sp. Pl. 504. 1753, in part, non as to lectotype
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Mexico, Central America, and (Jacobs, Blumea 12: 435. 1965).
South America. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
References: 3, 147. Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda,
Canna domingensis Urb. = Canna jaegeriana Urb. Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
Canna edulis Ker Gawl. = Canna indica L. Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
Canna glauca L., Sp. Pl. 1. 1753.
Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America,
and South America.
(Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Puerto Rico, North America,
Common Names: Berraco, Palo berraco, Palo verraco (Cuba), Church
blossom, Mabouge, Mabouya, Rat-bean, Rope, Sapo (Lesser
Common Names: Platanillo de Cuba, Platanillo amarillo (Cuba),
Antilles).
Capacho manso (Dominican Republic), Toloman, Balisier jaune
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 75, 301, 323, 363.
(Lesser Antilles), Maraca de pantano, Maraca boba, Maraca
amarilla (Puerto Rico). Capparis amplissima Lam. = Cynophalla amplissima (Lam.) Iltis &
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 123, 131, 132, 147. Cornejo
Canna indica L., Sp. Pl. 1. 1753. Capparis amygdalina Lam. = Quadrella indica (L.) Iltis & Cornejo
Canna cinnabarina Bouché, Linnaea 18: 490. 1844. Capparis baducca L., in part = Capparidastrum frondosum (Jacq.)
Canna coccinea sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Cornejo & Iltis
Virgin Islands 5: 169. 1923, non Mill.
Canna edulis Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg. 9: t. 775. 1824. Capparis breynia sensu Sw. = Quadrella cynophallophora (L.) Hutch.
Canna lambertii Lindl., Bot. Reg. 6: t. 470. 1820. Capparis breynia L. var. atropurpurea Bello = Quadrella
Canna lutea Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. cynophallophora (L.) Hutch.
Canna portoricensis Bouché, Linnaea 12: 147. 1838.
Capparis breynia L. var. rosea Bello = Quadrella cynophallophora (L.)
Distribution: Native in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Hutch.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Capparis coccolobifolia Mart. ex Eichler = Cynophalla hastata (Jacq.)
Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, J. Presl
St. Martin, St. Vincent); native to Mexico, Central America, and Capparis comosa Jacq. = Quadrella ferruginea subsp. ferruginea
South America; naturalized in tropical Asia and Africa.
Common Names: Indian-shot (Bahamas), Canna, De flor colorada, Capparis cynophallophora L. = Quadrella cynophallophora (L.) Hutch.
Mariposa amarilla, Platanillo de monte (Cuba), Arrow-root, Capparis cynophallophora sensu O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins =
Cigarrón, Cigarrones, Corn-starch, Zumbadores (Dominican Cynophalla amplissima (Lam.) Iltis & Cornejo
Republic), Araout farine, Arrorou, Balisier rouge (Haiti), Indian
Capparis cynophallophora L. f. acutifolia Bello = Cynophalla
shot, Wild tapioca (Jamaica), Balisier, Balisier à chapelets, Balisier
amplissima (Lam.) Iltis & Cornejo
jaune, Balisier rouge, Cannon, Graine à chapelets, Indian shot,
Scarlet shot, Toloman, Toloman batard, Tous-les-mois (Lesser Capparis cynophallophora L. f. angustifolia Eichler = Quadrella
Antilles), Bandera española, Maraca (Puerto Rico), Wild canna cynophallophora (L.) Hutch.
(Virgin Islands). Capparis cynophallophora L. f. biflora Bello = Quadrella
References: 1, 2, 3, 19, 28, 45, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 152. cynophallophora (L.) Hutch.
Canna jaegeriana Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 102. 1917. Capparis cynophallophora L. subsp. brevipetiolulata Kitan. =
Canna domingensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 102. 1917. Quadrella cynophallophora (L.) Hutch.
Canna pertusa Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 101. 1917.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and South America. Capparis cynophallophora L. f. elliptica Bello = Quadrella
Common Names: Balisier, Banane zombie, Bananier zombi (Haiti). cynophallophora (L.) Hutch.
References: 5, 28, 30, 61, 123, 147. Capparis cynophallophora L. var. latifolia (Stahl) Griseb. = Cynophalla
Canna lambertii Lindl. = Canna indica L. hastata (Jacq.) J. Presl
Canna lutea Mill. = Canna indica L. Capparis cynophallophora L. subsp. linearifolia Kitan. = Quadrella
cynophallophora (L.) Hutch.
Canna pedunculata Sims, Bot. Mag. 49: t. 2323. 1822.
Distribution: Reported for Cuba; native to South America. Capparis cynophallophora L. f. longifolia Bello = Quadrella
References: 3, 147, 250. cynophallophora (L.) Hutch.
Canna pertusa Urb. = Canna jaegeriana Urb. Capparis cynophallophora L. f. mollis Bello = Quadrella
Canna portoricensis Bouché = Canna indica L.
Capparis cynophallophora L. f. normalis Eichler = Quadrella Capparis verrucosa sensu A. Stahl = Cynophalla amplissima (Lam.) Iltis
cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. & Cornejo
Capparis cynophallophora L. f. triflora Bello = Quadrella Crateva tapia L., Sp. Pl. 444. 1753.
cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
(Barbados, Grenadines, Martinique, St. Vincent), Aruba,
Capparis domingensis Spreng. ex DC. = Quadrella domingensis
Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and
(Spreng. ex DC.) Iltis & Cornejo subsp. domingensis
South America.
Capparis domingensis Spreng. ex DC. subsp. grisebachii (Eichler) R. Common Names: Garlic pear tree (Jamaica), Gally pear, Garlic pear
Rankin = Quadrella domingensis (Spreng. ex DC.) Iltis & Cornejo tree, Grand cosmaya (Lesser Antilles).
subsp. grisebachii (Eichler) Iltis & Cornejo References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 301, 323.
Capparis emarginata A. Rich. = Quadrella cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. Crateva urbaniana R. Rankin, Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A. Pl. Vasc. 10 (1):
Capparis eustachiana Jacq. = Cynophalla flexuosa (L.) J. Presl 20. 2005.
Crateva apetala Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 508. 1913, nom. illeg.
Capparis ferruginea L. subsp. ferruginea = Quadrella ferruginea (L.) Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Iltis & Cornejo subsp. ferruginea Hispaniola.
Capparis ferruginea L. subsp. cubensis R. Rankin = Quadrella References: 5, 7, 30, 52, 145, 152, 156, 197.
ferruginea (L.) Iltis & Cornejo subsp. cubensis (R. Rankin) Iltis & Cynophalla amplissima (Lam.) Iltis & Cornejo, Rodriguesia 61: 154.
Cornejo 2010; Capparis amplissima Lam., Encycl. 1: 607. 1785.
Capparis flexuosa (L.) L. = Cynophalla flexuosa (L.) J. Presl Capparis cynophallophora sensu O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins, Econ. Pl.
Porto Rico t. 23. 1903, non L.
Capparis flexuosa (L.) L. var. cordifolia Kitan. = Cynophalla flexuosa
Capparis cynophallophora L. var. acutifolia Bello, Anales Soc. Esp.
(L.) J. Presl
Hist. Nat. 10: 237. 1881.
Capparis flexuosa (L.) L. var. saligna (Vahl) Fawc. & Rendle = Capparis portoricensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 309. 1899.
Cynophalla flexuosa (L.) J. Presl Capparis verrucosa sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 45. 1884,
Capparis frondosa Jacq. = Capparidastrum frondosum (Jacq.) Cornejo non Jacq.
& Iltis Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), and Lesser
Capparis furfuracea Ruiz & Pav. ex DC. = Quadrella indica (L.) Iltis & Antilles (Dominica).
Cornejo Common Names: Mata becerro (Dominican Republic), Burro, Burro
Capparis gonaivensis Helwig. = Quadrella cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. blanco (Lesser Antilles), Burro blanco (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 151, 340.
Capparis grisebachii Eichler = Quadrella domingensis (Spreng. ex DC.)
Iltis & Cornejo subsp. grisebachii (Eichler) Iltis & Cornejo Cynophalla flexuosa (L.) J. Presl in B.V. Berchtold & J. Presl, Prir.
Rostlin 2: 275. 1825; Capparis flexuosa (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 722.
Capparis hastata Jacq. = Cynophalla hastata (Jacq.) J. Presl
1762; Morisonia flexuosa L., Pl. Jamaic. Pug. 14. 1759.
Capparis indica (L.) Druce = Quadrella indica (L.) Iltis & Cornejo Capparis flexuosa (L.) L. var. cordifolia Kitan., God. Sofiisk. Univ. Biol.
Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. = Quadrella cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. Fak., 2, Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast. 66(2): 31. 1974
[“1971/1972”].
Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. var. emarginata (A. Rich.) Griseb. = Capparis flexuosa (L.) L. var. saligna (Vahl) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl.
Quadrella cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. Jamaica 3: 234. 1914; Capparis saligna Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 66.
Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. var. siliquosa (L.) Griseb. = Quadrella 1794.
cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. Capparis eustachiana Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 23. 1760.
Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. f. longifolia Radlk. = Quadrella
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van
Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda),
Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. f. neriifolia Radlk. = Quadrella Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat,
Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. f. obovata Radlk. = Quadrella Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin,
cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago,
Trinidad, United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South
Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. f. ovata Radlk. = Quadrella America.
cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. Common Names: Caper-tree (Bahamas), Bejuco mostacilla, Mostacilla,
Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. f. sublanceolata Radlk. = Quadrella Pinedo de perro, Palo barba de indio (Cuba), Mostazo, Frijol,
cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. Frijol de monte, Huevo de perro (Dominican Republic), Bois
rave, Bois moutarde, Bois caca (Haiti), Bottle-cod root (Jamaica),
Capparis latifolia (Griseb.) A. Stahl = Cynophalla hastata (Jacq.) J. Presl
Burro, Broad-leaved caper tree, Bay-leaved caper, Bois-couleuvre,
Capparis odoratissima Jacq. = Quadrella odoratissima (Jacq.) Hutch. Bois malouge, Caper tree, Mostazo, Palinguan, Rat bean (Lesser
Capparis portoricensis Urb. = Cynophalla amplissima (Lam.) Iltis & Antilles), Palinguán, Palo de burro, Limber caper (Puerto Rico),
Cornejo Caper tree, Wild capertree (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 32, 45, 51, 58, 61, 137, 149, 150,
Capparis saligna Vahl = Cynophalla flexuosa (L.) J. Presl 301, 323.
Capparis siliquosa L. = Quadrella cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. Cynophalla hastata (Jacq.) J. Presl in B.V. Berchtold & J. Presl, Prir.
Capparis singularis R. Rankin = Quadrella singularis (R. Rankin) Iltis Rostlin 2: 275. 1825; Capparis hastata Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 23.
& Cornejo 1760.
number 9 8 • 211
Capparis coccolobifolia Mart. ex Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Aruba, Curaçao, Margarita,
13(1): 284. 1865. Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Capparis cynophallophora L. var. latifolia (Stahl) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. Common Names: Aguacatillo, Guarapo (Dominican Republic),
18. 1859. Dog sapodilla, Jubie sapodilla, Sapote-bâtard, Sapote-diable,
Capparis latifolia (Griseb.) A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 186. Sapotillier-falaise, Wild mesili, Wild mesplé (Lesser Antilles), Palo
1884. de peo (Puerto Rico), Rat-apple, Wild misple (Virgin Islands).
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Jost References: 1, 6, 7, 19, 36, 58, 61, 131, 301, 323.
van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles Morisonia flexuosa L. = Cynophalla flexuosa (L.) J. Presl
(Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Morisonia johnstonii Urb. = Morisonia americana L.
Vincent), Bonaire, Margarita, Trinidad, and South America. Morisonia imrayi Griseb. = Morisonia americana L.
Common Names: Burro, Broad-leaved caper tree (Lesser Antilles),
Murbeckia haitiensis Urb. & Ekman = Forchhammeria haitiensis (Urb.
Sapo, Burro (Puerto Rico), Broad-leaved caper (Virgin Islands).
& Ekman) Alain
References: 1, 6, 7, 19, 30, 36, 58, 61, 75, 131, 150, 151, 323, 301,
340. Quadrella alainiana Cornejo & Iltis, Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4: 75. 2010
[ as alaineana].
Forchhammeria brevipes Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 225. 1912.
Reference: 594.
Puerto Rico.
References: 5, 6, 7, 58. Quadrella cynophallophora (L.) Hutch., Gen. Fl. Pl. 2: 309. 1967;
Capparis cynophallophora L., Sp. Pl. 504. 1753.
Forchhammeria emarginata Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 292.
Capparis siliquosa L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1071. 1759; Capparis
1965.
jamaicensis Jacq. var. siliquosa (L.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 18.
1859; Quadrella siliquosa (L.) Iltis & Cornejo, J. Bot. Res. Inst.
Reference: 3.
Texas 4: 98. 2010.
Forchhammeria haitiensis (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Brittonia 20: 152. Capparis breynia sensu Sw., Observ. Bot. 210. 1791, non Jacq.
1968; Murbeckia haitiensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 79. Capparis emarginata A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
1930. Vasc. 78. 1845; Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. var. emarginata (A.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Rich.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 18. 1859.
Reference: 7. Capparis breynia L. f. atropurpurea Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat.
Forchhammeria polyandra (Griseb.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 10: 237. 1881.
293. 1965; Excoecaria polyandra Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Capparis breynia L. f. rosea Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 237.
Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 180. 1865; Forestiera polyandra 1881.
(Griseb.) Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 13: 8. 1956. Capparis cynophallophora L. f. angustifolia Eichler in C.F.P. von
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Martius, Fl. Bras. 13(1): 283. 1865.
References: 3, 39, 151, 152. Capparis cynophallophora L. f. biflora Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Nat. 10: 237. 1881.
Cuba (39). Capparis cynophallophora L. subsp. brevipetiolulata Kitan., God.
Sofiisk. Univ. Biol. Fak., 2, Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast.
Forchhammeria sphaerocarpa Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 66(2): 30. 1974 [“1971/1972”]
1: 310. 1899. Capparis cynophallophora L. f. elliptica Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Nat. 10: 237. 1881.
References: 5, 7, 30. Capparis cynophallophora L. subsp. linearifolia Kitan., God. Sofiisk.
Forchhammeria trifoliata Radlk. ex Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Univ. Biol. Fak., 2, Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast. 66(2):
Mus., Bot. Ser. 1(4): 399. 1898. 30. 1974 [“1971/1972”]
Allophylus roigii H. Lippold, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Capparis cynophallophora L. f. longifolia Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist.
Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 19: 383. 1970. Nat. 10: 237. 1881.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, and Central America. Capparis cynophallophora L. f. mollis Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat.
References: 2, 3, 77, 152. 10: 237. 1881.
Capparis cynophallophora L. f. normalis Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius,
*Hispaniolanthus dolichopodus (Helwig) Cornejo & Iltis, Harvard
Fl. Bras. 13(1): 282. 1865.
Pap. Bot. 14: 12. 2009; Capparis dolichopoda Helwig, Ark. Bot.
Capparis cynophallophora L. f. triflora Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist.
22A(10): 11. 1929.
Nat. 10: 237. 1881.
Capparis gonaivensis Helwig. in I. Urban, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 10. 1929;
Common Names: Avocat marron, Z’avocat, Zavocat marron (Haiti).
Quadrella gonaivensis (Helwig) Hutch. Gen. Fl. Pl. 2: 308. 1967.
References: 5, 7, 149, 470.
Capparis jamaicensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 23. 1760; Quadrella
Linnaeobreynia domingensis (Spreng. ex DC.) Hutch. = Capparis jamaicensis (Jacq.) J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin 2: 261. 1825.
domingensis Spreng. ex DC. Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. f. longifolia Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-
Morisonia americana L., Sp. Pl. 503. 1753. Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 17: 412. 1887.
Morisonia imrayi Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 19. 1859. Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. f. neriifolia Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys.
Morisonia johnstonii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 348. 1907. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 17: 412. 1887.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. f. obovata Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys.
Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 17: 412. 1887.
Antilles Antigua, Dominica, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. f. ovata Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl.
Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 17: 412. 1887.
Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. f. sublanceolata Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.- Capparis furfuracea Ruiz & Pav. ex DC., Prodr. 1: 252. 1824;
Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 17: 412. 1887. Quadrella furfuracea (Ruiz & Pav. ex DC.) J. Presl., Prir. Rostlin
Capparis longifolia Sw., Prodr. 81. 1788; Quadrella jamaicensis ( Jacq.) 2: 260. 1825.
J. Presl. f. longifolia (Sw.) Iltis, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4: 98. 2010. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Quadrella cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. f. linearifolia Iltis, J. Bot. Res. (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola,
Inst. Texas 4: 98. 2010 Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St. Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St.
John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, Common Names: Frijol (Dominican Republic), Bois de mèche, Bois-
St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Trinidad, North puant, Linguam, Pois à mabou à mabouya, White willow (Lesser
America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Antilles), Linguam, Sapo prieto (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Black willow (Bahamas), Aceitunillo, Aura, Berraco, References: 1, 2, 6, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 151, 323.
Borracho, Carbonero, Ciguarayo, Mostaza, Palo Diablo, Pinedo Quadrella jamaicensis (Jacq.) J. Presl. = Quadrella cynophallophora
de perro (Cuba), Cacache, Cacachien, Frijol, Olivo, Olivo fríjol (L.) Hutch.
(Dominican Republic), Bois caca, Bois couleubre, Bois d’argent,
Bois de couille, Bois fétide, Bois puant, Bois sénégal, Caprier Quadrella jamaicensis ( Jacq.) J. Presl. f. longifolia (Sw.) Iltis =
rampant (Haiti), Black willow (Jamaica), Black willow, Bois Quadrella cynophallophora (L.) Hutch.
couleuvre, Bois mabouge, Bois noir, Linguan tree, Man of war Quadrella odoratissima (Jacq.) Hutch., Gen. Fl. Pl. 2: 308. 1967.
bush, Mustard tree (Lesser Antilles), Bejuco ingles, Burro prieto, Capparis odoratissima Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 57. 1797.
Sapo (Puerto Rico), Black wattle, Black willow (Virgin Islands). Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Grenadines, St. Lucia,
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 123, 131, 152, 594. St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Trinidad,
Quadrella cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. f. linearifolia Iltis = Quadrella Mexico, Central America, and South America.
cynophallophora (L.) Hutch. Common Name: Olive wood (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 151, 301, 323.
Quadrella domingensis (Spreng. ex DC.) Iltis & Cornejo, J. Bot.
Res. Inst. Texas 4: 129. 2010, subsp. domingensis; Capparis Quadrella siliquosa (L.) Iltis & Cornejo = Quadrella cynophallophora
domingensis Spreng. ex DC., Prodr. 1: 253. 1824; Linnaeobreynia (L.) Hutch.
domingensis (Spreng. ex DC.) Hutch., Gen. Fl. Pl. 2: 310. 1967. Quadrella singularis (R. Rankin) Iltis & Cornejo, J. Bot. Res. Inst.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Texas 4: 131. 2010; Capparis singularis R. Rankin, Willdenowia
References: 7, 152, 594. 34: 263. 2004.
Quadrella domingensis (Spreng. ex DC.) Iltis & Cornejo subsp. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
grisebachii (Eichler) Iltis & Cornejo, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4: 129. References: 74, 149, 363, 594.
2010; Capparis grisebachii Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras.
13(1): 275. 1865; Capparis domingensis Spreng. ex DC. subsp.
grisebachii (Eichler) R. Rankin, Willdenowia 34: 263. 2004. CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Hispaniola. Genera. Total: 3; native: 1; endemic: 0.
Common Names: Alcaparro, Carbonero, Mostacilla chica, Olivo Taxa. Total: 7; native: 4; endemic: 3.
(Cuba), Frijol (Dominican Republic).
Lonicera alba L. = Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. (Rubiaceae)
References: 3, 7, 152, 363, 594.
Lonicera caprifolium L., Sp. Pl. 173. 1753.
Quadrella ferruginea (L.) Iltis & Cornejo, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4:
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Europe.
130. 2010, subsp. ferruginea; Capparis ferruginea L., Syst. Nat.,
Common Names: Madreselva (Dominican Republic), Chevre feuille des
ed. 10, 1071. 1759.
jardins (Haiti).
Capparis comosa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 23: 1760.
Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica. Lonicera confusa (Sweet) DC. = Lonicera japonica Thunb. ex Murray
Common Names: Alcaparro, Bejuco mostacilla, Mostacilla, Olivo Lonicera japonica Thunb. in A. Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 216. 1784.
(Cuba), Frijol, Olivo (Dominican Republic), Balai four, Balai Lonicera confusa (Sweet) DC., Prodr. 4: 333. 1830.
velours, Bois rave, Bois sénégal (Haiti), Mustard shrub (Jamaica). Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 151. Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba), and
Quadrella ferruginea (L.) Iltis & Cornejo subsp. cubensis (R. Rankin) North America; native to Asia.
Iltis & Cornejo, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4: 130. 2010; Capparis Common Names: Madreselva, Madreselva americana (Cuba),
ferruginea L. subsp. cubensis R. Rankin, Willdenowia 34: 263. Honeysuckle (Jamaica), Madreselva (Puerto Rico).
2004. References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 32, 58, 131, 132, 136, 224, 383.
Reference: 363. Scabiosa japonica Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 3: 113.
Quadrella furfuracea (Ruiz & Pav. ex DC.) J. Presl. = Quadrella indica 1867.
(L.) Iltis & Cornejo Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Asia.
Common Name: Escabiosa (Dominican Republic).
Quadrella indica (L.) Iltis & Cornejo, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4: 126.
References: 7, 159.
2010; Capparis indica (L.) Druce, Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles
3: 415. 1914; Breynia indica L., Sp. Pl. 503. 1753. Valeriana candolleana Gardner = Valeriana scandens L. var.
Capparis amygdalina Lam., Encycl. 1: 608. 1785. candolleana (Gardner) C.A. Müll.
number 9 8 • 213
Valeriana domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 450. 1899. Alsine antillana (Urb.) Britton & P. Wilson = Stellaria antillana Urb.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. var. antillana
References: 5, 7.
Alsine media L. = Stellaria media (L.) Vill.
Valeriana x ekmanii F.G. Mey., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38: 469. 1951.
Arenaria lanuginosa (Michx.) Rohrb. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras.
14(2): 274. 1872; Spergulastrum lanuginosum Michx., Fl. Bor.-
Reference: 7.
Amer. 1: 275. 1803.
Valeriana scandens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 47. 1762, var. scandens Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, North America,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central Mexico, Central America, and South America.
America, and South America. References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 151.
Common Name: Valeriana (Puerto Rico).
Arenaria leptoclados (Rchb.) Guss. = Arenaria serpyllifolia L. subsp.
References: 7, 32, 58, 61, 136, 150, 307, 311.
leptoclados (Rchb.) Nyman
Valeriana scandens L. var. candolleana (Gardner) C.A. Müll. in C.F.P.
Arenaria serpyllifolia L., Sp. Pl. 423. 1753, subsp. serpyllifolia
von Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(4): 344. 1885; Valeriana candolleana
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and North America; native to
Gardner, London J. Bot. 4: 112. 1845.
Eurasia and Africa.
References: 7, 159.
Hispaniola.
References: 7, 136. Arenaria serpyllifolia L. subsp. leptoclados (Rchb.) Nyman, Consp. Fl.
Eur. 115. 1878; Arenaria serpyllifolia L. var. leptoclados Rchb.,
Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 5: 32. 1842; Arenaria leptoclados (Rchb.)
Caricaceae Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 284. 1844.
Genera. Total: 1; native: 0; endemic: 0. Eurasia and Africa.
Taxa. Total: 1; native: 0; endemic: 0. References: 7, 150.
Arenaria serpyllifolia L. var. leptoclados Rchb. = Arenaria serpyllifolia
Carica cubensis Solms = Carica papaya L.
L. subsp. leptoclados (Rchb.) Nyman
Carica jamaicensis Urb. = Carica papaya L.
Behen vulgaris Moench = Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
Carica papaya L., Sp. Pl. 1036. 1753.
Cerastium fontanum Baumg. subsp. triviale (Link) Jalas = Cerastium
Carica cubensis Solms, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 47: 797. 1889; Papaya
fontanum Baumg. subsp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet
cubensis (Solms) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 253. 1891.
Carica jamaicensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 20. 1909. Cerastium fontanum Baumg. subsp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet,
Carica papaya L. f. portoricensis Solms, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 47: 774. Willdenowia 12: 37. 1982; Cerastium vulgare Hartm., Handb.
1889; Carica portoricensis (Solms) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 428. Skand. Fl. 182. 1820. Cerastium fontanum Baumg. subsp. triviale
1910. (Link) Jalas, Arch. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fenn. “Vanamo” 18: 63. 1963;
Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Cerastium triviale Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 433. 1821.
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and North America; native to
Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Eurasia and Africa.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, References: 7, 151, 159.
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Cerastium glomeratum Thuill., Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2, 226. 1799.
Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), and Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, and North America; native
Margarita; native to Central America and South America. to Eurasia and Africa.
Common Names: Papaya (Bahamas), Fruta bomba, Papaya, Papaya References: 2, 5, 7, 159.
hembra, Papaya macho, Papayero (Cuba), Lechosa, Papaye
(Dominican Republic), Papailler, Papaillier, Papauyer (Haiti), Cerastium triviale Link = Cerastium fontanum Baumg. subsp. vulgare
Papaw, Papaya (Jamaica), Papaw, Papaya, Papayer, Papayer (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet
femelle Papayer mâle, Pawpaw, Pied-papaye (Lesser Antilles), Cerastium vulgare Hartm. = Cerastium fontanum Baumg. subsp.
Lechosa, Papaya (Puerto Rico), Melon tree, Papaw (Virgin vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet
Islands).
Drymaria adenophora Urb. = Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 151, 224, 252, 323,
& Schult.
340.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 406.
1819; Holosteum cordatum L., Sp. Pl. 88. 1753.
Carica papaya L. f. portoricensis Solms = Carica papaya L.
Drymaria adenophora Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 213.
Carica portoricensis (Solms) Urb. = Carica papaya L. 1925; Stellaria adenophora (Urb.) León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist.
Papaya cubensis (Solms) Kuntze = Carica cubensis Solms Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 4. 1950.
Drymaria ramosissima sensu Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 50. 1891, non
Schltdl.
Caryophyllaceae Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser
Genera. Total: 12; native: 6; endemic: 0. Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Taxa. Total: 22; native: 19; endemic: 6. Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
Vincent), Tobago, and Trinidad; native to New World tropics,
Agrostemma githago L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 435. 1762. probably Central America and South America.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Eurasia and Africa. Common Names: West Indian chickweed (Bahamas), Matemaco
References: 5, 7, 150, 159. (Cuba), Appétit marron (Haiti), West Indian chickweed (Jamaica),
Mourron blanc, Petit mourron (Lesser Antilles), Drimaria, Yerba Spergula arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 440. 1753.
de estrella (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, North America, and South America;
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 151, 301, 340. native to Eurasia and Africa.
References: 2, 159.
Drymaria cubana Alain, Phytologia 8: 369. 1962.
Pinosia glandulosa Alain, Candollea 17: 107. 1960. Spergula decumbens Elliott = Sagina decumbens (Elliott) Torr. & A. Gray
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Spergulastrum lanuginosum Michx. = Arenaria lanuginosa (Michx.)
References: 3, 39, 152. Rohrb.
Cuba (39). Stellaria adenophora (Urb.) León = Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex
Roem. & Schult.
Drymaria laxiflora Benth. f. pauciflora Kuntze = Stellaria antillana Urb.
var. antillana Stellaria antillana Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 303. 1899, var. antillana;
Alsine antillana (Urb.) Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
Drymaria ortegioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 21. 1866; Pinosia & Virgin Islands 5: 297. 1924.
ortegioides (Griseb.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 71. 1930. Drymaria laxiflora Benth. f. pauciflora Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 50.
Reference: 3. Stellaria ovata Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 238. 1881.
Drymaria ramosissima sensu Kuntze = Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
Roem. & Schult. Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Pega pollo (Puerto Rico).
Holosteum cordatum L. = Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. &
References: 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 152, 340.
Schult.
Stellaria howardii Maguire, Brittonia 10: 32. 1958.
Lychnis alba Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Melandrium album (Mill.)
Garcke, Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 4, 55. 1858.
References: 7, 8.
Eurasia and Africa. Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphine 3(1): 615. 1789; Alsine
References: 5, 7, 159. media L., Sp. Pl. 272. 1753.
Melandrium album (Mill.) Garcke = Lychnis alba Mill.
(Guadeloupe, Martinique), doubtful in Trinidad, North America,
Minuartia ekmaniana (Urb.) Acev.-Rodr., comb. nov.; Selleola Mexico, Central America, and South America; probably native to
ekmaniana Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 69. 1930. Old World.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Names: Berrillo (Dominican Republic), Mourron (Lesser
Reference: 7. Antilles).
Mollugo tetraphylla L. = Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 123, 224, 301.
Pinosia glandulosa Alain = Drymaria cubana Alain
Stellaria minutifolia Maguire, Brittonia 10: 32. 1958.
Pinosia ortegioides (Griseb.) Urb. = Drymaria ortegioides Griseb. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 881. 1759; Mollugo Reference: 7.
tetraphylla L., Sp. Pl. 89. 1753. Stellaria ovata Bello = Stellaria antillana Urb. var. antillana
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, North America, and South America;
native to Eurasia and Africa. Stipulicida setacea Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 26. 1803.
References: 5, 7, 151. Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America.
References: 3, 151.
Sagina decumbens (Elliott) Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 177. 1838;
Spergula decumbens Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1(6): 523. DOUBTFUL NAMES
1821. Drymaria cubensis Regel in C.F. Otto & A. Dietrich, Allg.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and North America. Gartenzeitung 8: 298. 1840.
References: 7, 151. A name described from Cuba, but not used by modern botanists.
Selleola ekmaniana Urb. = Minuartia ekmaniana (Urb.) Acev.-Rodr. Reference: 152.
Silene armeria L., Sp. Pl. 420. 1753. Stellaria antillana Urb. var. domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 304. 1899.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Hispaniola (Dom. Rep.) and North A name described from Hispaniola, but not used by modern botanists.
America; native to Eurasia. References: 30, 152.
References: 2, 159, 254. Stellaria domingensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 392. 1825.
Silene gallica L., Sp. Pl. 417. 1753. A name described from Hispaniola, but not used by modern botanists.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, and North America; native Reference: 152.
to Eurasia and Africa.
Silene venosa Asch. = Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
Casuarinaceae
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 9. 64. Genera. Total: 1; native: 0; endemic: 0.
1869; Behen vulgaris Moench, Methodus 709. 1794. Taxa. Total: 4; native: 0; endemic: 0.
Silene venosa Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 2: 23. 1864.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Eurasia and Africa. Casuarina cristata Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst.
References: 5, 7, 159. Wetensch. Amsterdam 13: 336, t. 10A. 1848.
number 9 8 • 215
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Australia. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada), Trinidad,
Common Names: Casuarina, Pino australiano (Puerto Rico). Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 6, 58, 159, 383. References: 1, 31, 151, 301.
Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Celastrus myrtifolius L. = Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urb. (Rosaceae)
Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam 13: 322, t. 6A. 1848. Celastrus parvifolius A. Rich. = Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands subsp. buxifolia
(St. Thomas), and North America; native to Australia.
Common Names: Casuarina de la nueva Holanda, Pino de la Nueva Celastrus racemosus (Reissek) Loes. = Celastrus grenadensis Urb.
Holanda (Cuba), Pin d’Australie (Haiti), Casuarina, Roble Celastrus racemosus (Reissek) Loes. var. trinitensis Urb. = Celastrus
australiano (Puerto Rico). grenadensis Urb.
References: 6, 7, 58, 131, 132.
Celastrus richardi M. Gómez var. elaeodendroides (Griseb.) M. Gómez
Casuarina equisetifolia L., Amoen. Acad. 4: 143. 1759. = Maytenus elaeodendroides Griseb.
Crossopetalum aquifolium (Griseb.) Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. John, St. Thomas,
Bot. Gard. 4: 70. 1893; Myginda aquifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.
55. 1866; Rhacoma aquifolium (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 77.
Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St.
1904.
Kitts, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, North America,
Mexico, Central America, and South America; native to tropical
References: 3, 30, 45, 152.
Asia, Australia, and Pacific region.
Common Names: Beef-wood (Bahamas), Casuarina de la Nueva Crossopetalum caymanense Proctor = Myginda uragoga Jacq.
Holanda, Pino, Pino ciprés, Pino de Australia, Pino de chipre, Crossopetalum coriaceum Northr., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 48. 1902;
Pino de Holanda, Pino de la Nueva Holanda, Pino real (Cuba), Rhacoma coriaceum (Northr.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 71. 1904.
Casuarina, Pino de Australia (Dominican Republic), Bois Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba.
pin d’Australie, Bius pin d’Australie, Pin d’Australie (Haiti), References: 45, 128.
Casuarina, Whistling pine, Willow (Jamaica), Beefwood, Filao
(Lesser Antilles), Casuarina, Pino, Pino australiano (Puerto Rico). Crossopetalum cristalense Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 307.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 52, 58, 61, 224, 301, 323, 383. 1977 [“1976”].
Reference: 149.
Casuarina glauca Sieber ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 803. 1826.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Hispaniola, and North America; Crossopetalum decussatum (Baill.) Lourteig, Taxon 19: 304. 1970;
native to Australia. Rhacoma decussatum Baill., Hist. Phys. Madagascar 3: t. 284.
Common Names: Pino de Australia (Dominican Republic), Pin 1894 [as decussata].
d’Australie (Haiti). Rhacoma gonocladum Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 75. 1904 [as gonoclada].
References: 5, 7.
Crossopetalum ekmanii (Urb.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 296.
Celastraceae 1965; Rhacoma ekmanii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21:
216. 1925.
Genera. Total: 18; native: 18; endemic: 2. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Taxa. Total: 84; native: 84; endemic: 71. References: 3, 149.
Anthodon verrucosus Griseb. = Salacia wrightii Urb. Crossopetalum ilicifolium (Poir.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 116. 1891;
Myginda ilicifolia Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 396.
Cassine cubensis (Bisse) Borhidi = Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. 1797; Rhacoma ilicifolium (Poir.) Trel., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(1.2):
Cassine domingensis Spreng. = Ziziphus rignonii Delponte (Rhamnaceae) 399. 1897.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and United States
Cassine ehrenbergii (Urb.) Alain = Elaeodendron ehrenbergii Urb.
(FL).
Cassine lanceolata (Urb. & Ekman) Alain = Elaeodendron lanceolatum References: 3, 7, 45, 149, 150, 151.
Urb. & Ekman
Crossopetalum orientale Mory, Willdenowia 31: 130. 2001.
Cassine lippoldii (Bisse) Borhidi = Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. Rhacoma crossopetalum L. f. angustifolium Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 74.
Cassine nipensis (Bisse) Borhidi = Elaeodendron nipense Bisse 1904.
Cassine trinitensis (Bisse) Borhidi = Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. Hispaniola.
Cassine xylocarpa Vent. = Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. References: 30, 128, 149.
Cassine xylocarpa Vent. var. attenuata (Rich.) Alain = Elaeodendron Crossopetalum pallens (Sm.) Kuntze = Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz
xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. Crossopetalum pungens (C. Wright ex Sauvalle) Rothm., Repert. Spec.
Ceanothus laevigatus (Vahl) DC. = Maytenus laevigata (Vahl) Griseb. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 10. 1944; Myginda pungens C. Wright ex
ex Eggers Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Med. Habana 5: 294. 1868.
Celastrus grenadensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 51. 1904.
References: 3, 152.
Celastrus racemosus (Reissek) Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 199. 1897.
Celastrus racemosus (Reissek) Loes. var. trinitensis Urb., Symb. Antill. Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 321. 1766; Myginda
5: 52. 1904. rhacoma Sw., Prodr. 39. 1788; Rhacoma crossopetalum L., Syst.
Nat., ed. 10, 896. 1759; Rhacoma crossopetalum L. f. typica Urb., Hippocratea lindenii Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 54. 1909.
Symb. Antill. 5: 74. 1904, nom. inval. Hippocratea pachyphylla Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 332.
Crossopetalum pallens (Sm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 116. 1891; 1916.
Myginda pallens Sm. in A. Rees, Cycl. 25: n. 4. 1813; Rhacoma Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
pallens (Sm.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 239. References: 3, 352.
1890. Cuervea jamaicensis Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 264. 1982.
Crossopetalum rotundatum (Lam.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 116. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
1891; Myginda rotundata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 308. 1792. Reference: 2.
Myginda latifolia sensu Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 32. 1791, non Sw.
Rhacoma crossopetalum L. f. longifolium Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 74. 1904. Cuervea kappleriana (Miq.) A.C. Sm., Brittonia 3: 399. 1940;
Rhacoma crossopetalum L. f. rotundatum Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 75. Hippocratea kappleriana Miq., Linnaea 26: 220. 1854.
1904. Hippocratea malpighiifolia sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 148. 1859, non
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Rudge.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, Hippocratea miersii Loes. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat.
St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles Pflanzenfam. 3(5): 228. 1893.
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Hylenaea jamaicensis Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 369. 1872.
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Pristimera granulosa Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 363. 1872.
Lucia, St. Martin), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, United Pristimera oblongata Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 362. 1872.
States (FL), and South America. Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent), Trinidad,
Common Names: Poison cherry (Bahamas), Tsewal (Haiti), Poison Mexico, Central America, and South America.
cherry (Jamaica), Maidenberry, Ti bonbon (Lesser Antilles), Coral, References: 2, 30, 151, 301.
Mala mujer, Manto, Maravedí, Palo de paloma, Pico de paloma Elachyptera floribunda (Benth.) A.C. Sm., Brittonia 3: 387. 1940;
(Puerto Rico). Hippocratea floribunda Benth., Voy. Bot. Sulphur 78. 1844.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 150, 323, 340. Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Central America, and South America.
Crossopetalum rostratum (Urb.) Rothm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. References: 2, 151.
53: 10. 1944, var. rostratum; Rhacoma rostratum Urb., Symb. Elaeodendron attenuatum A. Rich. = Elaeodendron xylocarpum
Antill. 5: 78. 1904 [as rostrata]. (Vent.) DC.
Elaeodendron attenuatum sensu A. Stahl = Gyminda latifolia (Sw.) Urb.
Reference: 3.
subsp. latifolia
Crossopetalum rostratum (Urb.) Rothm. var. grandifolium Borhidi &
Elaeodendron cubense Bisse = Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC.
O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 21: 223. 1976 [“1975”].
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Elaeodendron ehrenbergii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 92. 1904; Cassine
References: 149, 152. ehrenbergii (Urb.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 297. 1965.
Crossopetalum rotundatum (Lam.) Kuntze = Crossopetalum rhacoma
Crantz
Elaeodendron lanceolatum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 69.
Crossopetalum shaferi (Britton & Urb.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
1928; Cassine lanceolata (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot.
92: 296. 1965; Rhacoma shaferi Britton & Urb. in I. Urban,
Club 92: 297. 1965.
Symb. Antill. 7: 520. 1913.
Rhacoma revolutum Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 68. 1923 [as revoluta].
References: 3, 30. Elaeodendron lippoldii Bisse = Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC.
Crossopetalum spathulifolium (Urb.) Rothm. = Torralbasia cuneifolia Elaeodendron nipense Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 597. 1974; Cassine
(C. Wright ex A. Gray) Krug & Urb. ex Seguí subsp. cuneifolia nipensis (Bisse) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 26. 1975.
Crossopetalum ternifolium (Urb.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92:
Reference: 149.
296. 1965, subsp. ternifolium; Rhacoma ternifolium Urb., Symb.
Antill. 9: 69. 1923 [as ternifolia]. Elaeodendron trinitense Bisse = Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC., Prodr. 2: 11. 1825; Cassine
Reference: 3. xylocarpa Vent., Choix Pl. 4: t. 23. 1803.
Crossopetalum ternifolium (Urb.) Alain subsp. moense Borhidi & Cassine xylocarpa Vent. var. attenuata (A. Rich.) Alain, Brittonia 20: 152.
O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 21: 223. 1976 [“1975”]. 1968; Elaeodendron attenuatum A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 343. 1845; Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.)
Reference: 149. DC. var. attenuatum (A. Rich.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 88. 1904.
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. acuminatum Urb., Symb.
Crossopetalum uragoga (Jacq.) Kuntze = Myginda uragoga Jacq.
Antill. 5: 89. 1904.
Cuervea hawkesii Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 263. 1982. Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. attenuatum (A. Rich.) Urb.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. f. amblyocarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 88. 1904.
Reference: 2. Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. attenuatum (A. Rich.) Urb.
Cuervea integrifolia (A. Rich.) A.C. Sm., Brittonia 3: 403. 1940; f. oxycarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 88. 1904.
Hippocratea integrifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. bahamense Urb., Symb.
Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 252. 1845. Antill. 5: 88. 1904.
Pristimera wrightiana Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 363. 1872. Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. bermudense Urb., Symb.
Antill. 5: 89. 1904.
number 9 8 • 217
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. caribaeum Urb., Symb. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Antill. 5: 90. 1904. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix,
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. corymbosum (Vahl ex St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados,
Roem. & Schult.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 90. 1904; Rhamnus Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St.
corymbosa Vahl ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 294. 1819. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Trinidad, North
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. dioecum (Griseb.) Urb., America, Mexico, and Central America.
Symb. Antill. 5: 89. 1904. Common Names: False boxwood, Walla-berry (Bahamas), Limonete
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. dolichocarpum Urb., Symb. (Cuba), Tse-wen (Haiti), Cuttard, Petit merisier (Lesser Antilles),
Antill. 5: 90. 1904. Coscorroncito, Mala mujer (Puerto Rico).
Elaeodendron dioicum (Macfad.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.I. 709. 1864; References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 301, 340.
Freziera dioica Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 115. 1837; Elaeodendron Gyminda latifolia (Sw.) Urb. subsp. glaucifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.)
xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. dioicum (Macfad.) Urb., Symb. Mory, Willdenowia 31: 133. 2001; Myginda integrifolia Kunth f.
Antill. 5: 89. 1904. glaucifolia C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 55. 1866.
Elaeodendron cubense Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 596. 1974; Cassine Gyminda grisebachii Sarg. var. glaucescens Sarg., Gard. & Forest 4: 4.
cubensis (Bisse) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 25. 1975. 1891.
Elaeodendron lippoldii Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 596. 1974; Cassine Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
lippoldii (Bisse) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 26. 1975. Reference: 128.
Elaeodendron trinitense Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 598. 1974; Cassine
trinitensis (Bisse) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 26. 1975. Gyminda orbicularis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, 18: 36. 1973.
Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and References: 39, 149, 427.
Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Grenadines, Montserrat, Nevis, Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent). Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Common Names: Bois-tan, Cuttard, Grosse-peau, Prune bord-de-mer Hippocratea anafensis Urb. = Hippocratea volubilis L.
(Lesser Antilles).
Hippocratea caribaea Urb. = Pristimera celastroides (Kunth.) A.C. Sm.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 152, 301, 352, 619
Note: A highly variable species here treated in the broad sense, but see Hippocratea celastroides Kunth = Pristimera celastroides (Kunth.)
Mory (619) for a different opinion. A.C. Sm.
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. acuminatum Urb. = Hippocratea comosa Sw. = Hylenaea comosa (Sw.) Miers
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. Hippocratea coriacea C. Wright ex Griseb. = Pristimera coriacea
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. attenuatum (A. Rich.) Urb. (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Miers
= Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. Hippocratea cubana Urb. = Pristimera coriacea (C. Wright ex Griseb.)
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. attenuatum (A. Rich.) Urb. Miers
f. amblyocarpa Urb. = Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. Hippocratea domingensis Urb. & Ekman = Pristimera celastroides
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. attenuatum (A. Rich.) Urb. (Kunth.) A.C. Sm.
f. oxycarpa Urb. = Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. Hippocratea floribunda Benth. = Elachyptera floribunda (Benth.)
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. bahamense Urb. = A.C. Sm.
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. Hippocratea integrifolia A. Rich. = Cuervea integrifolia (A. Rich.)
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. bermudense Urb. = A.C. Sm.
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. Hippocratea kappleriana Miq. = Cuervea kappleriana (Miq.) A.C. Sm.
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. caribaeum Urb. = Hippocratea lindenii Urb. = Cuervea integrifolia (A. Rich.) A.C. Sm.
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC.
Hippocratea malpighiifolia sensu Griseb. = Cuervea kappleriana (Miq.)
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. corymbosum (Vahl ex A.C. Sm.
Roem. & Schult.) Urb. = Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC.
Hippocratea obcordata Lam. = Hippocratea volubilis L.
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. dioecum (Griseb.) Urb. =
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. Hippocratea ovalifolia Miers = Hippocratea volubilis L.
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. var. dolichocarpum Urb. = Hippocratea ovata Lam. = Hippocratea volubilis L.
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. Hippocratea ovata sensu Duss = Pristimera celastroides (Kunth.)
Euonymus cuneifolius C. Wright ex A. Gray = Torralbasia cuneifolia A.C. Sm.
(C. Wright ex A. Gray) Krug & Urb. ex Seguí subsp. cuneifolia Hippocratea pachyphylla Urb. = Cuervea integrifolia (A. Rich.)
Gyminda grisebachii Sarg. = Gyminda latifolia (Sw.) Urb. subsp. latifolia A.C. Sm.
Gyminda grisebachii Sarg. var. glaucescens Sarg. = Gyminda latifolia Hippocratea plumieri Miers = Hippocratea volubilis L.
(Sw.) Urb. subsp. glaucifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Mory Hippocratea scandens Jacq. = Hippocratea volubilis L.
Gyminda latifolia (Sw.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 80. 1904, subsp. Hippocratea volubilis L., Sp. Pl. 1191. 1753.
latifolia; Myginda latifolia Sw., Prodr. 39. 1788. Hippocratea anafensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 25. 1929.
Elaeodendron attenuatum sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 4: 20. Hippocratea obcordata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 100. 1791.
1886, non A. Rich. Hippocratea ovalifolia Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 352. 1872.
Gyminda grisebachii Sarg., Gard. & Forest 4: 4. 1891. Hippocratea ovata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 100. 1791.
Hippocratea ovata Lam. var. oblongifolia DC., Prodr. 1: 568. 1824. Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. parvifolia Griseb. =
Hippocratea plumieri Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 336. 1872. Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb.
Hippocratea scandens Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 9. 1763. Maytenus cajalbanica (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi & O. Muñiz,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Bot. Közlem. 62: 26. 1975; Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb.
Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, subsp. cajalbanica Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South Hung. 17: 14. 1972 [“1971”].
America. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Bejuco de cruz, Bejuco de vieja (Cuba), Jaiquimey Reference: 149.
(Dominican Republic), Liane blanche, Maybit, Zorain (Haiti),
Bois z’amande, Liane rouge, Liane z’amande (Lesser Antilles), Maytenus cassinoides (Poir.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 67. 1904; Rhamnus
Bejuco prieto (Puerto Rico). cassinoides Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 474. 1797.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 149, 150, 151, 301, 340. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 7, 30.
Hylenaea comosa (Sw.) Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 367. 1872;
Hippocratea comosa Sw., Prodr. 17. 1788. Type. Presumably Maytenus clarendonensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 8. 1912.
Haiti, Swartz s.n. (S). Ilex uniflora Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 59: 19. 1921.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Trinidad, Venezuela, and the Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Guianas. References: 2, 152, 427.
Common Name: Amadier des bois (Haiti). Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
References: 7, 301. Species.
Note: Doubtful distribution in Hispaniola. The type collection Maytenus cochlearifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 53. 1866; Maytenus
presumably came from Haiti, but the species has never been buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp. cochlearifolia (Griseb.) Borhidi
recollected there. & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 14. 1972 [“1971”].
Hylenaea jamaicensis Miers = Cuervea kappleriana (Miq.) A.C. Sm. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 124, 149, 152.
Maytenus brachycarpa Urb. = Maytenus jamaicensis Krug & Urb.
Maytenus crassipes Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 404. 1908.
Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 53. 1866, subsp. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
buxifolia; Monteverdia buxifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. References: 2, 427.
Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 347. 1845. Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Celastrus parvifolius A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Species.
Vasc. 349. 1845.
Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. latifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Maytenus cuneifolia (C. Wright ex A. Gray) Griseb. = Torralbasia
Cub. 53. 1866. cuneifolia (C. Wright ex A. Gray) Krug & Urb. ex Seguí subsp.
Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. parvifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. cuneifolia
Cub. 53. 1866. Maytenus cymosa Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 61. 1904.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cayman Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St.
Islands, Cuba, and Hispaniola. Thomas, Virgin Gorda).
Common Names: Box-leaved maytenus (Bahamas), Boj indígena, Boje, References: 30, 58, 61, 427.
Carne de vaca, Espinillo, Sangre de toro de costa, Tea (Cuba), Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Aguacero, Jaiquí, Sangre de toro (Dominican Republic), Bois Species.
fourmi, Raisin marron, Z’os devant marron, Zos devant marron
Maytenus domingensis Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 56.
(Haiti).
1904.
References: 3, 4, 5, 7, 45.
Ilex celastroides sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 56. 1866, non Kunth ex
Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp. cajalbanica Borhidi & Garcke, 1849.
O. Muñiz = Maytenus cajalbanica (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
& O. Muñiz Common Names: Albulito, Añil, Arbolito, Yaya dura (Dominican
Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp. cochlearifolia (Griseb.) Republic).
Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Maytenus cochlearifolia Griseb. References: 5, 7, 30.
Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp. monticola Borhidi & Maytenus ekmaniana Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov.; Maytenus impressa Urb.
O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 14. 1972 [“1971”]. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 67. 1928, nom. illeg.
Reference: 149. References: 7, 149, 152.
Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp. serpentini Borhidi & Maytenus elaeodendroides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 54. 1866; Celastrus
O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 14. 1972 [“1971”]. richardi M. Gómez var. elaeodendroides (Griseb.) M. Gómez,
Maytenus serpentini (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 239. 1890; Maytenus buxifolia
Közlem. 62: 25. 1975. (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. elaeodendroides (Griseb.) C. Wright in F.A.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 290. 1868, nomen nud.
Common Names: Arabillo, Boje, Sangre de toro (Cuba).
Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. elaeodendroides (Griseb.) References: 3, 30.
C. Wright = Maytenus elaeodendroides Griseb.
Maytenus elliptica (Lam.) Krug & Urb. = Maytenus laevigata (Vahl)
Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. latifolia Griseb. = Maytenus Griseb. ex Eggers
buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb.
number 9 8 • 219
Maytenus elliptica (Lam.) Krug & Urb. var. elongata Urb. = Maytenus Maytenus elliptica (Lam.) Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 65.
elongata (Urb.) Britton 1904; Senacia elliptica Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 2: 96. 1797.
Maytenus elongata (Urb.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci.
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John,
Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 516. 1924; Maytenus elliptica
St. Thomas), and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Dominica, Grenadines,
(Lam.) Krug & Urb. var. elongata Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 66. 1904.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico; possibly in Hispaniola.
Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Common Name: Cuero de Sapo (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Bois-citron, Bois-guillaume, Bwa di bas, Degun, Deux
References: 30, 61.
guns, White cinnamon (Lesser Antilles), Cuero de Sapo (Puerto
Maytenus gonoclada Griseb. = Maytenus tetragona Griseb. Rico).
Maytenus grenadensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 63. 1904. References: 1, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 152, 160.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Grenada). Maytenus lineata C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 54. 1866.
Maytenus guianensis Klotzsch in M.R. Schomburgk, Reis. Br.-Guiana Common Names: Nazareno morado, Nazareno (Cuba).
3: 1097. 1849. References: 3, 39.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Note: Considered extinct by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Martinique, St. Lucia ) and South America. Cuba (39).
Common Names: Bois-café, Cachelain grand bois, Café-bois (Lesser Maytenus loeseneri Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 56. 1904, var. loeseneri
Antilles). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 1. Common Name: Palo Sangre de toro (Cuba).
Maytenus haitiensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 67. 1928. References: 3, 5.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Note: Reported by Barker & Dardeau (5) as occurring in Haiti,
Reference: 7. however, this record has not been confirmed by modern botanists.
Maytenus harrisii Krug & Urb., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: Maytenus loeseneri Urb. var. rotundifolia Mory, Feddes Repert. 96:
78. 1895. 548. 1985.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
References: 2, 427. Hispaniola.
Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Reference: 149.
Threatened Species. Maytenus lucayana Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 140. 1906.
Maytenus hotteana Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 67. 1928. Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Common Name: Bahama maytenus (Bahamas).
Maytenus impressa Urb. & Ekman = Maytenus ekmaniana Acev.-Rodr. Maytenus maestrensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 215.
1925.
Maytenus jamaicensis Krug & Urb., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
1: 78. 1895. Reference: 3.
Maytenus brachycarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 58. 1904.
Maytenus jamaicensis Krug & Urb. var. longifolia (Krug & Urb.) Urb., Maytenus microcarpa Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 59: 19. 1921.
Symb. Antill. 5: 58. 1904; Maytenus jamaicensis Krug & Urb. f. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
longifolia Krug & Urb., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 78. Reference: 2.
1895. Maytenus microphylla Urb., Ekman & Loes., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Maytenus jamaicensis Krug & Urb. var. minor Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: Veg. 33: 182. 1933.
58. 1904. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Maytenus jamaicensis Krug & Urb. var. orbicularis (Krug & Urb.) Urb., References: 5, 7, 427.
Symb. Antill. 5: 57. 1904; Maytenus jamaicensis Krug & Urb. f. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
orbicularis Krug & Urb., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 78. Species.
1895.
Maytenus mornicola Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 69. 1928.
Jamaica.
Reference: 7.
References: 2, 7, 30, 151, 152.
Maytenus ocoensis M.M. Mejía & Zanoni, Moscosoa 4: 112. 1986.
Maytenus jamaicensis Krug & Urb. f. longifolia Krug & Urb. =
Maytenus jamaicensis Krug & Urb.
References: 8, 149.
Maytenus jamaicensis Krug & Urb. f. orbicularis Krug & Urb. =
Maytenus phyllanthoides Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 54. 1844; Tricerma
Maytenus jamaicensis Krug & Urb.
phyllanthoides (Benth.) Lundell, Wrightia 4(5): 158. 1971.
Maytenus jamaicensis Krug & Urb. var. longifolia (Krug & Urb.) Urb. = Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Mexico, and Central America.
Maytenus jamaicensis Krug & Urb. Common Name: Verdolaga (Cuba).
Maytenus laevigata (Vahl) Griseb. ex Eggers, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk References: 3, 45, 77, 149, 150, 152.
Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1876: 109. 1876; Rhamnus Maytenus ponceana Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 10. 1924.
laevigata Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 41. 1794; Ceanothus laevigatus Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
(Vahl) DC., Prodr. 2: 30. 1825. References: 58, 61, 427.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Myginda latifolia Sw. = Gyminda latifolia (Sw.) Urb. subsp. latifolia
Species. Myginda latifolia sensu Vahl = Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz
Maytenus revoluta Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Myginda microphylla DC. = Citharexylum microphyllum (DC.) O.E.
Salle” 12: 5. 1953, subsp. revoluta Schulz (Verbenaceae)
Reference: 3. Myginda pallens Sm. = Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz
Maytenus revoluta Alain subsp. bissei Mory, Feddes Repert. 96: 549. Myginda pungens C. Wright ex Sauvalle = Crossopetalum pungens
1985. (C. Wright ex Sauvalle) Rothm.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola. Myginda rhacoma Sw. = Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz
Reference: 149.
Myginda rotundata Lam. = Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz
Maytenus revoluta Alain var. jaucoensis Mory, Feddes Repert. 96: 549.
Myginda uragoga Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 12. 1760; Crossopetalum
1985.
uragoga (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 116. 1891.
Crossopetalum caymanense Proctor, Sloanea 1: 2. 1977.
Distribution: Native to Cuba.
Maytenus revoluta Alain subsp. macrophylla Mory, Feddes Repert. 96: Common Name: Yerba maravedí (Cuba).
550. 1985. References: 3, 4, 128.
Pristimera caribaea (Urb.) A.C. Sm. = Pristimera celastroides (Kunth.)
Reference: 149
A.C. Sm.
Maytenus reynosioides Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 68. 1928.
Pristimera celastroides (Kunth.) A.C. Sm., Brittonia 3: 371. 1940;
Hippocratea celastroides Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Reference: 7.
Maytenus saxicola Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 41. 1923. Hippocratea caribaea Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 55. 1909; Pristimera
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. caribaea (Urb.) A.C. Sm., Brittonia 3: 378. 1940.
Reference: 3. Hippocratea domingensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 24. 1929.
Maytenus serpentini (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Hippocratea ovata sensu Duss, Fl. Phan. Antill. Franc. 150. 1897, non
Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp. serpentini Borhidi & Lam.
O. Muñiz Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
(Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique), Mexico, Central
Maytenus splendens Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 68. 1923. America.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 1, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 149, 151, 152, 161.
Common Name: Sangre de toro de la maestra (Cuba).
References: 3, 30. Pristimera coriacea (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London 28: 365. 1872; Hippocratea coriacea C. Wright ex
Maytenus tetragona Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 709. 1864. Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 283. 1866.
Maytenus gonoclada Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 145. 1859. Hippocratea cubana Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 332. 1916.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Lesser Antilles Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
(Grenada, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and Trinidad. References: 3, 149, 152, 156.
Common Name: White gouti wood (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 30, 301. Pristimera granulosa Miers = Cuervea kappleriana (Miq.) A.C. Sm.
Maytenus urquiolae Mory, Feddes Repert. 104: 431. 1993. Pristimera oblongata Miers = Cuervea kappleriana (Miq.) A.C. Sm.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola. Pristimera wrightiana Miers = Cuervea integrifolia (A. Rich.) A.C. Sm.
Reference: 149.
Rhacoma aquifolium (Griseb.) Urb. = Crossopetalum aquifolium
Maytenus virens Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 60. 1904. (Griseb.) Hitchc.
Rhacoma coriaceum (Northr.) Urb. = Crossopetalum coriaceum Northr.
Reference: 2.
Rhacoma crossopetalum L. = Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz
Monteverdia buxifolia A. Rich. = Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb.
subsp. buxifolia Rhacoma crossopetalum L. f. angustifolium Urb. = Crossopetalum
orientale Mory
Myginda aquifolia Griseb. = Crossopetalum aquifolium (Griseb.)
Hitchc. Rhacoma crossopetalum L. f. longifolium Urb. = Crossopetalum
rhacoma Crantz
Myginda bredemeyerii Schult. = Guettarda odorata (Jacq.) Lam.
(Rubiaceae) Rhacoma crossopetalum L. f. rotundatum Urb. = Crossopetalum
rhacoma Crantz
Myginda ilicifolia Poir. = Crossopetalum ilicifolium (Poir.) Kuntze
Rhacoma decussatum Baill. = Crossopetalum decussatum (Baill.)
Myginda integrifolia Kunth f. glaucifolia C. Wright ex Griseb. =
Lourteig
Gyminda latifolia (Sw.) Urb. subsp. glaucifolia (C. Wright ex
Griseb.) Mory Rhacoma ekmanii Urb. = Crossopetalum ekmanii (Urb.) Alain
Myginda integrifolia Poir. = Krugiodendron ferreum (Vahl) Urb. Rhacoma gonocladum Urb. = Crossopetalum decussatum (Baill.)
(Rhamnaceae) Lourteig
Myginda integrifolia sensu Griseb. = Torralbasia cuneifolia (C. Wright Rhacoma ilicifolium (Poir.) Trel. = Crossopetalum ilicifolium (Poir.)
ex A. Gray) Krug & Urb. ex Seguí subsp. cuneifolia Kuntze
number 9 8 • 221
Rhacoma pallens (Sm.) M. Gómez = Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica.
References: 2, 3.
Rhacoma revolutum Urb. = Crossopetalum shaferi (Britton & Urb.)
Alain Schaefferia obovata Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 405. 1908.
Rhacoma rostratum Urb. = Crossopetalum rostratum (Urb.) Rothm.
Reference: 2.
var. rostratum
Senacia elliptica Lam. = Maytenus laevigata (Vahl) Griseb. ex Eggers
Rhacoma shaferi Britton & Urb. = Crossopetalum shaferi (Britton &
Urb.) Alain *Tetrasiphon jamaicensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 84. 1904.
Rhacoma spathulifolium Urb. = Torralbasia cuneifolia (C. Wright ex
References: 2, 427.
A. Gray) Krug & Urb. ex Seguí subsp. cuneifolia
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Rhacoma ternifolium Urb. = Crossopetalum ternifolium (Urb.) Alain Species.
subsp. ternifolium
*Torralbasia cuneifolia (C. Wright ex A. Gray) Krug & Urb. ex
Rhamnus cassinoides Poir. = Maytenus cassinoides (Poir.) Urb. Seguí, Ojeada Sobre Fl. Med. Toxica Cuba 5: 50. 1904, subsp.
Rhamnus corymbosa Vahl ex Roem. & Schult. = Elaeodendron cuneifolia; Euonymus cuneifolius C. Wright ex A. Gray, Pl.
xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. Wright. 1: 171. 1860; Maytenus cuneifolia (C. Wright ex A. Gray)
Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 54. 1866.
Rhamnus laevigata Vahl = Maytenus laevigata (Vahl) Griseb. ex Eggers Crossopetalum spathulifolium (Urb.) Rothm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Salacia nipensis Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 78. 1920. Veg. 53: 10. 1944.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Myginda integrifolia sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 55. 1866, non Kunth.
References: 3, 156. Rhacoma spathulifolium Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 70. 1904 [as
spathulifolia].
Salacia verrucosa C. Wright ex Griseb. = Salacia wrightii Urb.
Torralbasia domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 519. 1913.
Salacia wrightii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 116. 1922. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Anthodon verrucosus Griseb., Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s. 8: 172. 1861. and Puerto Rico.
Salacia verrucosa C. Wright ex Griseb., Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s. 8: Common Names: Palo amargo (Dominican Republic), Boje (Puerto Rico).
172. 1861. References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 61, 58, 124, 128.
*Torralbasia cuneifolia (C. Wright ex A. Gray) Krug & Urb. ex Seguí
References: 3, 39, 151, 152.
var. rotundata Borhidi, Acta Agron. Acad. Sci. Hung. 27: 434.
1978.
Cuba (39).
Schaefferia angustifolia Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 92. 1927. Reference: 149.
*Torralbasia cuneifolia (C. Wright ex A. Gray) Krug & Urb. ex Seguí
References: 5, 7.
subsp. verrucosa Borhidi, Acta Agron. Acad. Sci. Hung. 27: 433.
Schaefferia berteroi Griseb. = Schaefferia frutescens Jacq. 1978.
Schaefferia completa Sw. = Schaefferia frutescens Jacq. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 149.
Schaefferia ephedroides Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 87. 1904.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Torralbasia domingensis Urb. = Torralbasia cuneifolia (C. Wright ex
Hispaniola. A. Gray) Krug & Urb. ex Seguí subsp. cuneifolia
Common Names: Balai montagne, Bois pin marron (Haiti). Tricerma phyllanthoides (Benth.) Lundell = Maytenus phyllanthoides
References: 3, 5, 7. Benth.
Schaefferia frutescens Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 33. 1760.
Bumelia berteroi Balb. ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 56. 1866, nom. inval.
Schaefferia berteroi Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 56. 1866, nom. inval. Ceratophyllaceae
Schaefferia completa Sw., Prodr. 38. 1788.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Taxa. Total: 4; native: 3; endemic: 0.
Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
Ceratophyllum demersum L., Sp. Pl. 992. 1753.
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbuda, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Distribution: Cosmopolitan aquatic macrophyte; native to Cuba,
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas),
St. Martin), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Martinique), Trinidad, North America,
Common Names: Amansa guapo, Boj de la florida, Boj persia cimarrón,
Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World.
Cambia voz, Limoncillo, Palo rajador (Cuba), Cabra cimarrona,
Common Names: Celestina de agua (Cuba), Légamo, Yerba de cotorra
Capable, Palo de araña (Dominican Republic), Bois capable, Bois
(Dominican Republic), Crin (Haiti), Morass weed (Jamaica),
petit carçon, Marguerite, Petit bois blanc, Petit garcon, Plé,
Candelabro de agua, Celestina de agua (Puerto Rico).
Pti-garçon, Ti-bis blanc, Ti-bois blanc (Haiti), Merisier, Petit
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 151, 252, 301, 340, 493.
merisier (Lesser Antilles), Cafeíllo, Jibá (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 124, 150, 152. Ceratophyllum echinatum sensu León & Alain = Ceratophyllum
muricatum A. Gray subsp. australe (Griseb.) Les
Schaefferia lateriflora Sw. = Drypetes lateriflora (Sw.) Krug & Urb.
(Putranjivaceae) Ceratophyllum muricatum Cham., Linnaea 4: 504. 1829, subsp.
muricatum.
Schaefferia marchii Griseb. ex Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 87. 1904.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to South America, Eurasia, and Hedyosmum subintegrum Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 1.
Africa. 1927.
References: 2, 159. Hedyosmum crassifolium Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 2. 1927.
Ceratophyllum muricatum A. Gray subsp. australe (Griseb.) Les, Syst.
References: 3, 22, 23, 39.
Bot. 13: 85. 1988.
Ceratophyllum echinatum sensu León & Alain, Fl. Cuba 2: 162. 1951,
Cuba (39).
non A. Gray
Distribution: Native to Cuba, United States, Mexico, Central America,
and South America.
References: 3, 151, 493. CHRYSOBALANACEAE
Ceratophyllum submersum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1409. 1763. Genera. Total: 4; native: 4; endemic: 0.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, and South Taxa. Total: 13; native: 11; endemic: 3.
America.
References: 7, 150. Chrysobalanus cuspidatus Griseb. ex Duss, Fl. Phan. Antill. Franc.
258. 1897.
Chrysobalanus cuspidatus Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 711. 1864, nom. nud.
CHLORANTHACEAE Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia).
Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0. Common Names: Icaque grand-bois, Icaque montagne, Tuer mois un
Taxa. Total: 6; native: 6; endemic: 6. fois, Zicaque-montagne (Lesser Antilles).
Hedyosmum arborescens Sw., Prodr. 84. 1788.
Chrysobalanus icaco L., Sp. Pl. 513. 1753.
Hedyosmum elegans Cordem., Adansonia 3: 305. 1862.
Chrysobalanus icaco L. f. albus G. Klotz, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 29: 461. 1980.
and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie
Chrysobalanus icaco L. subsp. pellocarpus (G. Mey.) E. Murray,
Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
Kalmia 12: 19. 1982; Chrysobalanus pellocarpus G. Mey. in E.
Vincent).
Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 193. 1818; Chrysobalanus icaco L. var.
Common Names: Cigar bush, Cold bush, Headache bush (Jamaica),
pellocarpus (G. Mey.) Hook.f. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 14
Bois de l’eau, Bois fragile, Bois molle, Bois-senti (Lesser Antilles),
(2): 7. 1867.
Azafrán (Puerto Rico).
Chrysobalanus savannarum Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 331.
References: 1, 2, 6, 23, 58, 61.
1922.
Hedyosmum crassifolium Urb. = Hedyosmum subintegrum Urb. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Hedyosmum cubense Urb. = Hedyosmum domingense Urb. var. cubense Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
(Urb.) Todzia & C.E. Wood Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
Hedyosmum domingense Urb. subsp. cubense (Urb.) Borhidi = Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Barthélemy,
Hedyosmum domingense Urb. var. cubense (Urb.) Todzia & C.E. St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
Wood Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America.
Hedyosmum domingense Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 498. 1913, var. Common Names: Coco plum, Pork-fat apple (Bahamas), Hicaco,
domingense Hicaco de playa, Hicaco dulce, Icaco, Icaco de costa, Jicaco
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. (Cuba), Cocoa plum, Hicaco, Icaco, Jicaco, Zicaque (Dominican
Common Names: Anís cimarrón, Anís de monte (Dominican Republic). Republic), Icaque, Icaquier (Haiti), Coco plum (Jamaica), Hicaco,
References: 5, 3, 7, 22, 23, 30. Icaco, Jicaco (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 81, 134, 149, 301,
Hedyosmum domingense Urb. var. cubense (Urb.) Todzia & C.E.
323, 340.
Wood, J. Arnold Arbor. 69: 59. 1988; Hedyosmum cubense
Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 1. 1927; Hedyosmum Chrysobalanus icaco L. f. albus G. Klotz = Chrysobalanus icaco L.
domingense Urb. subsp. cubense (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. Chrysobalanus icaco L. subsp. pellocarpus (G. Mey.) E. Murray =
37: 75. 1992. Chrysobalanus icaco L.
References: 3, 23. Chrysobalanus icaco L. var. pellocarpus (Miq.) Hook.f. =
Chrysobalanus icaco L.
Hedyosmum elegans Cordem. = Hedyosmum arborescens Sw.
Chrysobalanus pellocarpus G. Mey. = Chrysobalanus icaco L.
Hedyosmum grisebachii Solms in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(1):
479. 1869. Chrysobalanus savannarum Britton = Chrysobalanus icaco L.
Hedyosmum leonis Vict., Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 63: 8. 1948. Couepia polyandra (Kunth) Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: 196. 1899.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to Mexico and Central America.
Hedyosmum leonis Vict. = Hedyosmum grisebachii Solms Hirtella americana L., Sp. Pl. 34. 1753.
Hedyosmum nutans Sw., Prodr. 84. 1788. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and South America.
and Jamaica. Common Names: Icaco de aura, Icaco peludo, Mulato, Palo mulato,
Common Name: Anís cimarrón (Dominican Republic). Teta de yegua (Cuba).
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 22, 23, 177. References: 3, 81, 159.
number 9 8 • 223
Hirtella jamaicensis Urb. = Hirtella triandra Sw. Common Names: Bois de ferre, Bois de masse, Bois diable, Bois gris,
Bois résolu, Breaknail (Lesser Antilles).
Hirtella multiflora Urb. = Hirtella triandra Sw.
References: 1, 31, 81, 151, 156, 301.
Hirtella paniculata Sw., Prodr. 51. 1788.
Moquilea leucosepala (Griseb.) R.O. Williams = Licania leucosepala
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent), Trinidad, and
Griseb.
South America.
Hirtella pendula Sol. ex Lam., Encycl. 3: 134. 1789. Cistaceae
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Lucia). Genera. Total: 2; native: 2; endemic: 0.
Common Names: Icaque-montagne, Icaque pendant, Pan zówèy, Pend Taxa. Total: 2; native: 2; endemic: 1.
oreille (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 81. Crocanthemum domingense (Urb.) Janch. = Helianthemum
rosmarinifolium Pursh
Hirtella portoricensis Willd. = Hirtella rugosa Pers.
Halimium domingense Urb. = Helianthemum rosmarinifolium Pursh
Hirtella racemosa Lam., Encycl. 3: 133. 1789.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, Halimium stenophyllum Urb. = Helianthemum rosmarinifolium Pursh
and South America. Helianthemum rosmarinifolium Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 364. 1813
References: 2, 81, 301. [“1814”].
Hirtella rugosa Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 250. 1805. Crocanthemum domingense (Urb.) Janch. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E.
Hirtella portoricensis Willd. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 21: 305. 1925; Halimium
5: 274. 1819. domingense Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 286. 1912.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Halimium stenophyllum Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 524. 1913.
Puerto Rico. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, and Mexico.
Common Names: Hicaquillo, Jicaquillo (Dominican Republic), References: 5, 7, 30, 151, 152.
Hicaquillo, Jicaquillo, Teta de burra cimarrona (Puerto Rico). Lechea cubensis Legg., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 252. 1875.
References: 6, 30, 58, 61, 75, 81, 159, 340. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Hirtella triandra Sw., Prodr. 51. 1788. Reference: 3.
Hirtella jamaicensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 355. 1908.
Hirtella multiflora Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 356. 1908.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Cleomaceae
Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie
Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Genera. Total: 6; native: 4; endemic: 0.
St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and Taxa. Total: 17; native: 12; endemic: 5.
South America.
Common Names: Hicaco de aura, Hicaco prieto, Hicaquillo, Hicaquillo Arivela viscosa (L.) Raf., Sylva Tellur. 110. 1838; Cleome viscosa L.,
peludo, Icaco de aura, Icaco prieto, Palo mulato, Siguapa, Teta Sp. Pl. 672. 1753; Polanisia viscosa (L.) DC., Prodr. 1: 242. 1824.
de yegua (Cuba), Caimito blanco cimarrón, Caimito cimarrón, Cleome icosandra L., Sp. Pl. 672. 1753.
Caimito de perro, Cocuyo, Teta de burra (Dominican Republic), Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Bois poil, Icaque à poils, Icaque poilu, Pigeon berry (Lesser Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
Antilles), Teta de burra (Puerto Rico). Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 75, 81, 301, 340. Barbuda, Désirade, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Redonda, Saba,
Licania columbarum Stehlé & L. Quentin = Terminalia microcarpa St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
Decne. (Combretaceae). Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Trinidad, and North America;
Licania leucosepala Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 198. pantropical weed, origin uncertain but possibly Asia.
1857; Moquilea leucosepala (Griseb.) R.O. Williams, Fl. Trinidad Common Names: Frijol cimarrón, Jitomate, Tabaquillo (Dominican
& Tobago 1(5): 315. 1932. Republic), Wild caia (Jamaica).
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, St. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 58, 61, 151, 159, 252, 301, 383.
Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, and South America. Cleome aculeata L. = Hemiscola aculeata (L.) Raf.
References: 31, 81, 151, 285, 301.
Cleome arenaria Urb. = Cleome procumbens Jacq. subsp. wrightii
Licania pyrifolia Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 230. 1860; Moquilea pyrifolia (Urb.) R. Rankin
(Griseb.) R.O. Williams, Fl. Trinidad & Tobago 1(5): 314. 1932.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Martinique), Trinidad, and Cleome christii Urb. = Cleome pilosa Benth.
South America. Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn. = Cleome rutidosperma DC.
References: 147, 285, 301.
Cleome cubensis A. Rich. = Cleome houstonii R. Br.
Licania rigida Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 220. 1840.
Cleome domingensis Iltis, Brittonia 10: 56. 1958.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to Brazil.
Cleome erosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 224. 1912.
Licania ternatensis Hook. f. ex Duss, Fl. Phan. Antill. Franc. 259. References: 5, 7, 30.
1897.
Cleome erosa Urb. = Cleome domingensis Iltis
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent ) and Trinidad. Cleome gamboensis Urb. = Cleome procumbens subsp. obtusa
Cleome guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 675. 1775. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cleome pinarensis León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Cuba (39).
Salle” 9: 6. 1950.
Cleome procumbens Jacq. var. arenaria (Urb.) R. Rankin = Cleome
procumbens Jacq. subsp. wrightii (Urb.) R. Rankin
America.
References: 3, 151, 198. Cleome pubescens Sims = Tarenaya spinosa (Jacq.) Raf.
Cleome gynandra L. = Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq. Cleome pungens Willd. = Tarenaya spinosa (Jacq.) Raf.
Cleome hassleriana Chodat = Tarenaya hassleriana (Chodat) Iltis Cleome rutidosperma DC., Prodr. 1: 241. 1824.
Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 294. 1827.
Cleome houstonii R. Br. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 4: 131.
1812.
Islands (Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica,
Cleome cubensis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc.
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
74. 1845.
St. Vincent), Tobago, and Trinidad; native to Africa.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, and Central America.
Common Names: Consumption weed, Petit acaya blanc, Mouzambé
Common Name: Volantín (Cuba).
rampant (Lesser Antilles).
References: 2, 3, 151, 198.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 61, 159, 224, 231, 301.
Cleome icosandra L. = Arivela viscosa (L.) Raf. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Cleome macrorhiza C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Cleome serrata Jacq. = Cleoserrata serrata (Jacq.) Iltis
Habana 5: 199. 1868.
Cleome sloanei Urb. = Cleome procumbens Jacq. subsp. procumbens
Distribution: Endemic to western Cuba.
Reference: 3. Cleome speciosa Raf. = Cleoserrata speciosa (Raf.) Iltis
Cleome obtusa Britton var. gamboensis (Urb.) Iltis = Cleome Cleome speciosa Kunth = Cleoserrata speciosa (Raf.) Iltis
procumbens Jacq. subsp. obtusa (Britton) R. Rankin Cleome spinosa Jacq. = Tarenaya spinosa (Jacq.) Raf.
Cleome obtusa Britton var. obtusa = Cleome procumbens Jacq. subsp. Cleome stenophylla Klotzsch in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 251. 1905.
obtusa (Britton) R. Rankin Cleome stenophylla Klotzsch in M.R. Schomburgk, Reis. Br.-Guiana 3:
Cleome pentaphylla L. = Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq. 1164. 1849, nom. nud.
Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser
Cleome pilosa Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 65. 1844.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, St. Barthélemy, St.
Cleome christii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 345. 1907.
Martin), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and South America.
References: 1, 6, 30, 58, 61.
References: 5, 7.
Cleome tenuicaulis Urb. = Cleome procumbens Jacq. subsp. obtusa
Cleome pinarensis León = Cleome guianensis Aubl.
(Britton) R. Rankin
Cleome polygama L. = Cleoserrata serrata (Jacq.) Iltis
Cleome triphylla L. = Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq.
Cleome polygama L. var. isophylla Urb. = Cleoserrata serrata (Jacq.)
Cleome viscosa L. = Arivela viscosa (L.) Raf.
Iltis
Cleome wrightii Urb. = Cleome procumbens Jacq. subsp. wrightii (Urb.)
Cleome procumbens Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 26. 1760, subsp.
R. Rankin
procumbens
Cleome sloanei Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 347. 1907. Cleoserrata serrata (Jacq.) Iltis, Novon 17: 448. 2007; Cleome serrata
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands, Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 26. 1760.
Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica. Cleome polygama L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 939. 1763.
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 30, 137, 151. Cleome polygama L. var. isophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 345. 1907.
Cleome procumbens Jacq. subsp. obtusa (Britton) R. Rankin,
Islands (Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Willdenowia 33: 441. 2003; Cleome obtusa Britton, Bull. Torrey
Martinique), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South
Bot. Club 44: 2. 1917.
America.
Cleome gamboensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 36. 1925;
Common Names: Volantín, Volantines (Cuba).
Cleome obtusa Britton var. gamboensis (Urb.) Iltis, Brittonia 11:
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 198, 301.
147. 1959.
Cleome tenuicaulis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 37. 1925. Cleoserrata speciosa (Raf.) Iltis, Novon 17: 448. 2007; Cleome serrata
Distribution: Endemic to central Cuba. Raf., Fl. Ludov. 86. 1817.
References: 3, 39, 149, 151, 198. Cleome speciosa Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 84. 1821, nom. illeg.;
Cuba (39). Gynandropsis speciosa (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 1: 238. 1824, nom.
illeg.
Cleome procumbens Jacq. subsp. wrightii (Urb.) R. Rankin,
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Willdenowia 33: 442. 2003; Cleome wrightii Urb., Symb. Antill.
(Tortola), and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe,
5: 346. 1907.
Martinique, St. Lucia); native to Mexico, Central America, and
Cleome arenaria Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 36. 1925;
South America.
Cleome procumbens Jacq. var. arenaria (Urb.) R. Rankin,
Common Names: Lucerillo de orgullo (Dominican Republic), Acaya
Willdenowia 33: 442. 2003.
à fleurs roses, Mouzambé à fleurs roses, Ragged robin, Volatines
preciosos (Lesser Antilles), Volantines preciosos (Puerto Rico).
References: 3, 30, 39, 198.
References: 1, 2, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 150, 159, 231, 340.
number 9 8 • 225
Dactylaena ekmanii Helwig, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 9. 1929. massambée (Lesser Antilles), Aromo, Flor de perro, Gusanera,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Jazmín apestoso, Sambo, Volantines punzantes, Volatines
References: 5, 7. puzantes (Puerto Rico).
Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. References: 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 198, 301, 340.
Genève 17: 382. 1914; Cleome gynandra L., Sp. Pl. 671. 1753.
Cleome pentaphylla L., Fl. Jamaic. 18. 1759; Gynandropsis pentaphylla
(L.) DC., Prodr. 1: 238. 1824. Clethraceae
Cleome triphylla L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 938. 1763.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Genera. Total: 2; native: 2; endemic: 0.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Taxa. Total: 19; native: 19; endemic: 18.
Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Désirade,
Clethra alexandri Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 142. 1859.
Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St.
References: 2, 427.
Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central
Species.
America, and South America; native to tropical Africa, Asia, and
Malesia. Clethra bracteata Griseb. = Clethra occidentalis (L.) Kuntze
Common Names: Small spider-flower (Bahamas), Bigote de gato, Uña Clethra byrsonimoides Griseb. = Clethra cubensis A. Rich.
de gato, Volantín, Volantín blanco, Volantina (Cuba), Acaya, Bozo
de gato (Dominican Republic), Caya, Feuilles caya, Masambey Clethra cubensis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
(Haiti), Acaia, Acaya à fleurs blanches, Akaya blanc, Caia, Coyers, 75. 1850.
Kaia mouzambe, Masambe, Mouzambé à fleurs blanches, Sambo, Clethra byrsonimoides Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 170. 1860.
Small spider flower, Spider whisp, White masambee (Lesser Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Antilles), Jazmín del río (Puerto Rico). References: 3, 29.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 159, 198, 224, 301, 323, Clethra jamaicensis Britton = Clethra occidentalis Kuntze
340, 383.
Clethra occidentalis (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 389. 1891; Tinus
occidentalis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1010. 1759.
Gynandropsis pentaphylla (L.) DC. = Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Clethra bracteata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 141. 1859.
Briq. Clethra jamaicensis Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 29(1): 7. 1914.
Gynandropsis speciosa (Kunth) DC. = Cleoserrata speciosa (Raf.) Iltis Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Mexico, and Central America.
Common Name: Soapwood (Jamaica).
Hemiscola aculeata (L.) Raf., Sylva Tellur. 111. 1838; Cleome aculeata References: 2, 36, 147, 151.
L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 232. 1767.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Costaea cubensis A. Rich. = Purdiaea cubensis (A. Rich.) Urb. var.
Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, cubensis
Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Purdiaea angustifolia C. Wright ex Griseb. = Purdiaea stenopetala
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Griseb. var. stenopetala
Common Names: Pata de paloma, Timaque (Dominican Republic),
Purdiaea bissei Berazaín, Willdenowia 34: 293. 2004.
Acaya, Mouzambé aux épines, Patte à canard (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61.
Reference: 149.
Polanisia viscosa (L.) DC. = Arivela viscosa (L.) Raf.
Purdiaea cubensis (A. Rich.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22:
Tarenaya hassleriana (Chodat) Iltis, Novon 17: 450. 2007; Cleome 366. 1926, var. cubensis; Costaea cubensis A. Rich., Hist. Fis.
hassleriana Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 12. 1898. Cuba, Bot. 2: 75: 1853.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica and Puerto Rico; native to South Purdiaea monodynama Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 53. 1866.
References: 2, 6, 58, 159, 224, 252. References: 124, 149, 151.
Purdiaea cubensis (A. Rich.) Urb. var. albosepala Vict., Contr. Inst.
Tarenaya spinosa (Jacq.) Raf., Sylva Tellur. 111. 1838; Cleome spinosa Bot. Univ. Montreal 63: 54. 1948.
Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 26. 1760. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cleome pubescens Sims, Bot. Mag. 43: t. 1857. 1816. Reference: 149.
Cleome pungens Willd., Enum. Pl. 2: 689. 1809.
Purdiaea ekmanii Vict., Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 63: 61. 1948.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser
Reference: 3.
Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Purdiaea maestrensis Borhidi & Catasús = Purdiaea nipensis Vict. &
Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South León subsp. maestrensis (Borhidi & Catasús) Berazaín & S. Rodr.
America. Purdiaea microphylla Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42:
Common Names: Acaya, Cayá, Uña de gato, Volantín, Volantines 389. 1915.
(Cuba), Rosa candalia, Rosa candalina, Timaque (Dominican Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Republic), Caya sauvage, Feuilles caya, Jasmin del río, References: 3, 39.
Masambey (Haiti), Caya, Grand acaya, Grand mouzambé, Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Mouzambé, Sambo, Spider flower, Tomados marron, Wild Cuba (39).
Purdiaea moensis Vit., Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 63: 60. 1948. Clusiaceae
Reference: 3. Genera. Total: 5; native: 5; endemic: 0.
Purdiaea monodynama Griseb. = Purdiaea cubensis (A. Rich.) Urb. var. Taxa. Total: 49; native: 46; endemic: 42.
cubensis
Chrysochlamys caribaea Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 434. 1908.
Purdiaea nipensis Vict. & León, Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 63: Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, St. Lucia).
55. 1948, var. nipensis Common Names: Bois mangle, Palatuvier blanc (Lesser Antilles).
Reference: 149.
Chrysochlamys clusioides (Griseb.) Griseb. = Clusia clusioides (Griseb.)
Purdiaea nipensis Vict. & León var. alainii Vict., Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. D’Arcy
Montreal 63: 56. 1948.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Clusia abbottii Urb. = Clusia clusioides (Griseb.) D’Arcy
Reference: 149. Clusia acuminata sensu Bello = Clusia minor L.
Purdiaea nipensis Vict. & León subsp. maestrensis (Borhidi & Catasús) Clusia acuminata Spreng. = Garcinia portoricensis (Urb.) Alain
Berazaín & S. Rodr., Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 13:
Clusia alainii Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 16. 1972 [“1971”].
24. 1995 [“1992”]; Purdiaea maestrensis Borhidi & Catasús, Acta
Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 45. 1979.
Reference: 149.
Reference: 149. Clusia alba Jacq. = Clusia major L.
Purdiaea ophiticola Vict., Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 63: 56. Clusia brittonii Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 10: 29. 1953.
1948, var. ophiticola Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 149, 151. Clusia callosa Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 83. 1920.
Purdiaea ophiticola Vict. var. oblongisepala Berazaín & S. Rodr., Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 13: 24. 1995 [“1992”]. References: 3, 156.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Clusia calyptrata Vesque = Clusia gundlachii A. Stahl
Reference: 149.
Clusia cartilaginosa Vesque = Clusia minor L.
Purdiaea parvifolia (Vict.) J.L. Thomas, Contr. Gray Herb. 186: 61.
1960; Purdiaea ophiticola Vict. var. parvifolia Vict., Contr. Inst. Clusia clarendonensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 7. 1912.
Bot. Univ. Montreal 63: 57. 1948. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 3, 149. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species.
Purdiaea shaferi Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 389.
1915. Clusia clusioides (Griseb.) D’Arcy, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 990.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 1981 [“1980”]; Tovomita clusioides Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 166.
References: 3, 39. 1860; Chrysochlamys clusioides (Griseb.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of 37. 1866.
Cuba (39). Clusia grisebachiana (Planch. & Triana) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 12: 6. 1953; Tovomita grisebachiana
Purdiaea stenopetala Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 9: 45. Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 14: 284. 1860, nom.
1861, var. stenopetala illeg.
Purdiaea angustifolia C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 53. 1866. Clusia krugiana Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 367. 1899.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Clusia abbottii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 340. 1924.
References: 3, 124. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola
Purdiaea stenopetala Griseb. var. stereosepala (J.L. Thomas) Berazaín and Puerto Rico.
& S. Rodr., Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 13: 23. 1995 Common Names: Copeyejo (Dominican Republic), Mountain manglier
[“1992”]; Purdiaea stereosepala J.L. Thomas, Contr. Gray Herb. (Haiti).
186: 65. 1960. References: 3, 7, 30, 58, 61, 124, 151, 152.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Clusia domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 286. 1912.
Purdiaea stereosepala J.L. Thomas = Purdiaea stenopetala Griseb. var. References: 5, 7, 30.
stereosepala (J.L. Thomas) Berazaín & S. Rodr. Clusia flava Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 34. 1760.
Purdiaea velutina Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 388. Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Margarita, Mexico,
1915. Central America, and Ecuador.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Card gum, Tar pot (Jamaica).
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Clusia grisebachiana (Planch. & Triana) Alain = Clusia clusioides
Cuba (39). (Griseb.) D’Arcy
Tinus occidentalis L. = Clethra occidentalis (L.) Kuntze Clusia gundlachii A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 122. 1884.
number 9 8 • 227
Clusia calyptrata Vesque, Epharmosis 3: 8. 1892. Clusia picardae Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 434. 1908.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Names: Cupeíllo de altura, Cupey de altura (Puerto Rico). Common Name: Copeyejo (Dominican Republic).
References: 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 151, 365. References: 5, 7.
Clusia havetioides (Griseb.) Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. Clusia plukenetii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 432. 1908.
4, 13: 368. 1860, var. havetioides; Tovomita havetioides Griseb., Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Martinique, St.
Fl. Brit. W. I. 106. 1859. Lucia).
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Common Names: Aralie, Awali (Lesser Antilles).
Clusia havetioides (Griseb.) Planch. & Triana var. pauciflora Proctor, Clusia plumieri Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 13: 340.
J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 248. 1982. 1860.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Clusia havetioides (Griseb.) Planch. & Triana var. stenocarpa (Urb.) Clusia portlandiana R.A. Howard & Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 39:
Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 248. 1982; Clusia stenocarpa Urb., 103. 1958.
Symb. Antill. 5: 433. 1908 Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Reference: 165. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Clusia krugiana Urb. = Clusia clusioides (Griseb.) D’Arcy Clusia rosea Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 34. 1760.
Clusia silvicola Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 354. 1910.
Clusia major L., Sp. Pl. 509. 1753.
Clusia alba Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 34. 1760.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica,
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, St.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba,
Martin), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad,
St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Common Names: Abricot bâtard, Alawi, Aralie, Aralie grandes feuilles,
Common Names: Pitch apple (Bahamas), Copey, Copey amarillo,
Figuier marron, Figuier maudit, L’aglie, Monkey goblet, Mountain
Cupey (Cuba), Cimarrón, Copey (Dominican Republic), Bois pâle,
cherry, Trick leaf, Wild man support (Lesser Antilles).
Cupey, Figuier maudit, Figuier maudit cimarron, Figuier maudit
marron, Gros figuier (Haiti), Balsam fig (Jamaica), Pitch apple
Clusia mangle Rich. ex Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, (Lesser Antilles), Cupey (Puerto Rico).
13: 369. 1860. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 152, 156, 301, 340.
Clusia silvicola Britton = Clusia rosea Jacq.
Martinique).
Common Names: Arcades, Kaklin, Mangle, Mangle-montagne, Mangle Clusia stenocarpa Urb. = Clusia havetioides (Griseb.) Planch. & Triana
rouge, Paletuvier-montagne (Lesser Antilles). var. stenocarpa (Urb.) Proctor
Reference: 1. Clusia tetrastigma Vesque, Epharmosis 3: 7. 1892.
Clusia minor L., Sp. Pl. 510. 1753. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Clusia acuminata sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 244. Common Names: Copeicito, Copey, Cupeicillo (Cuba).
1881, non Spreng. Reference: 3.
Clusia cartilaginosa Vesque in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Clusia venosa sensu L., non Jacq. = Clusia minor L.
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 8: 97. 1893.
Clusia venosa sensu L., non Jacq., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1495. 1763. Garcinia aristata (Griseb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 261.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles 1981 [“1980”]; Rheedia aristata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 38. 1866.
(Grenadines, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, and South Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
America. Common Names: Manaju (Cuba), Palo de cruz (Dominican Republic).
Common Names: Copeicillo (Cuba), Copeyejo, Cupey chiquito, References: 3, 7, 39, 149, 427.
Cupeycito, Cupeyito (Dominican Republic), Figuier maudit, Le Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
figuier (Haiti), Cupeillo, Cupey de monte (Puerto Rico). Cuba (39) and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 151, 301, 323, 340. Species.
Clusia moaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: Garcinia bakeriana (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 261.
17. 1972 [“1971”]. 1981 [“1980”]; Rheedia bakeriana Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 435. 1908.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Garcinia barkeriana (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Phytologia 61: 353. 1986;
Cuba (39). Rheedia barkeriana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 18. 1929.
Clusia monocarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 404. 1925. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 3, 30. Garcinia cincta (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 261.
Clusia nipensis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 50: 279. 2008. 1981 [“1980”]; Rheedia cincta Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 404. 1925.
Garcinia clarensis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 261. 1981 Garcinia moaensis (Bisse) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 261.
[“1980”]; Rheedia brevipes Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 1981 [“1980”]; Rheedia moaensis Bisse, Ciencias (Havana), ser.
83. 1920. 10 2: 16. 1975.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
References: 3, 39, 156. Hispaniola.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Reference: 149.
Cuba (39). Garcinia ophiticola (Borhidi) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26:
Garcinia cubensis (Borhidi) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 261. 1981 [“1980”]; Rheedia ophiticola Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad.
261. 1981 [“1980”]; Rheedia cubensis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 312. 1977 [“1976”].
Sci. Hung. 22: 313. 1977 [“1976”]. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 149. Garcinia polyneura (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 262.
Garcinia decussata C.D. Adams, Phytologia 20: 312. 1970. 1981 [“1980”]; Rheedia polyneura Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Rheedia pendula Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 368. 1899. Veg. 18: 18. 1922.
Common Name: Hat-stand tree (Jamaica). Reference: 149.
References: 2, 30, 152, 427. Garcinia portoricensis (Urb.) Alain, Phytologia 61: 353. 1986; Rheedia
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened portoricensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 368. 1899.
Species. Clusia acuminata Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 599. 1825.
Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 43(2): 88. 1874. Marialva elliptica A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 126. 1884.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to India and Malesia. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Mangostán, Mangostín (Puerto Rico). References: 30, 58, 61, 75, 149, 301.
References: 58, 159, 252. Garcinia pungens Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 261. 1981
Garcinia glaucescens Alain & M.M. Mejía, Moscosoa 8: 5. 1994. [“1980”]; Rheedia elliptica C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 204. 1868, non Choisy, 1824.
Common Name: Palo de cruz (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Garcinia hessii (Britton) Alain, Phytologia 61: 353. 1986; Rheedia Garcinia revoluta (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 262.
hessii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 390. 1915. 1981 [“1980”]; Rheedia revoluta Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 405. 1925.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Garcinia humilis (Vahl) C.D. Adams, Phytologia 20: 312. 1970; Garcinia ruscifolia (Griseb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26:
Mammea humilis Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 40. 1798. 262. 1981 [“1980”], var. ruscifolia; Rheedia ruscifolia Griseb., Pl.
Garcinia lateriflora (L.) C.D. Adams ex Liogier, Dicc. Bot. Española 36. Wright. 1: 167. 1860.
2000, nom. illeg.; Rheedia lateriflora L., Sp. Pl. 1193. 1753. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Rheedia sessiliflora Planch. ex Vesque, Epharmosis 2: t. 62. 1889. References: 3, 149.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Garcinia ruscifolia (Griseb.) Borhidi var. linearis (Borhidi) Borhidi,
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 262. 1981 [“1980”]; Rheedia
Martinique, Montserrat), and Trinidad. ruscifolia Griseb. var. linearis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
Common Names: Wild mammee (Jamaica), Abricotier bâtard, Bois 22: 313. 1977 [“1976”].
chica, Bois l’onguent, Bois mulâtre (Lesser Antilles). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 123, 137, 159, 301. Reference: 149.
Garcinia lateriflora (L.) C.D. Adams ex Liogier = Garcinia humilis Garcinia serpentini Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26: 261. 1981
(Vahl) C.D. Adams [“1980”]; Rheedia fruticosa C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.
Garcinia madruno (Kunth) Hammel, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38. 1866.
76: 928. 1989; Calophyllum madruno Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto References: 3, 149.
ed.) 5: 202. 1822. Garcinia verticillata Alain, Phytologia 61: 353. 1986 (as a new name);
Rheedia acuminata (Ruiz & Pav.) Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat. Rheedia verticillata Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 370. 1899 (nom. illeg.).
Bot., sér. 4, 14: 314. 1860. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to Trinidad, Central Common Names: Palo de cruz, Palo de la cruz (Dominican Republic),
America, and South America. Bois diou (Haiti).
Garcinia mangostana L., Sp. Pl. 443. 1753. Marialva elliptica A. Stahl = Garcinia portoricensis (Urb.) Alain
to Malesia. Moronobea coccinea Aubl. = Symphonia globulifera L. f.
Common Names: Mangostán, Mangustán (Cuba), Jobo de la india, Rheedia acuminata (Ruiz & Pav.) Planch. & Triana = Garcinia
Mangostán (Dominican Republic), Mangostán, Mangostín (Puerto madruno (Kunth) Hammel
Rico).
Rheedia aristata Griseb. = Garcinia aristata (Griseb.) Borhidi
References: 7, 58, 61, 132, 159, 252.
number 9 8 • 229
Rheedia bakeriana Urb. = Garcinia bakeriana (Urb.) Borhidi Combretaceae

Rheedia barkeriana Urb. & Ekman = Garcinia barkeriana (Urb. &
Ekman) Alain Genera. Total: 6; native: 6; endemic: 0.
Rheedia brevipes Britton = Garcinia clarensis Borhidi
Rheedia cincta Urb. = Garcinia cincta (Urb.) Borhidi Buchenavia capitata (Vahl) Eichler = Buchenavia tetraphylla (Aubl.)
R.A. Howard
Rheedia cubensis Borhidi = Garcinia cubensis (Borhidi) Borhidi
Buchenavia tetraphylla (Aubl.) R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 64:
Rheedia elliptica C. Wright = Garcinia pungens Borhidi
266. 1983; Cordia tetraphylla Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 224.
Rheedia fruticosa C. Wright ex Griseb. = Garcinia serpentini Borhidi 1775.
Rheedia hessii Britton = Garcinia hessii (Britton) Alain Bucida capitata Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 50. 1797 [“1796”]; Buchenavia
capitata (Vahl) Eichler, Flora 49: 165. 1866.
Rheedia lateriflora L. = Garcinia humilis (Vahl) C.D. Adams Pseudolmedia bucidifolia Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 109.
Rheedia moaensis Bisse = Garcinia moaensis (Bisse) Borhidi 1883.
Rheedia ophiticola Borhidi = Garcinia ophiticola (Borhidi) Borhidi
(St. John, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica,
Rheedia pendula Urb. = Garcinia decussata C.D. Adams Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique,
Rheedia polyneura Urb. = Garcinia polyneura (Urb.) Borhidi Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, and South
America.
Rheedia portoricensis Urb. = Garcinia portoricensis (Urb.) Alain Common Names: Boquete, Buquete, Ciruelillo, Fruta de palo, Fuquete,
Rheedia revoluta Urb. = Garcinia revoluta (Urb.) Borhidi Guaraguao, Magó, Palo amarillo (Dominican Republic), Bois gri-
gri, Bois gris, Bois gros-gros, Bois margot, Gre-gri, Gri-gri jaune,
Rheedia ruscifolia Griseb. = Garcinia ruscifolia (Griseb.) Borhidi var.
Gris-gris (Haiti), Arbre aux trésors, Bois arcoquois, Bois-gli-gli,
ruscifolia
Bois rada, Olivier, Z’olivier (Lesser Antilles).
Rheedia ruscifolia Griseb. var. linearis Borhidi = Garcinia ruscifolia References: 1, 3, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 147, 151, 301, 340.
(Griseb.) Borhidi var. linearis (Borhidi) Borhidi
Bucida buceras L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1025. 1759.
Rheedia sessiliflora Planch. ex Vesque = Garcinia humilis (Vahl) C.D. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Adams Rico, Virgin Islands (Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St.
Rheedia verticillata Urb. = Garcinia verticillata Alain Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Barbados, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St.
Symphonia globulifera L. f., Suppl. Pl. 302. 1782 [“1781”]. Vincent), and Margarita; cultivated elsewhere.
Moronobea coccinea Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 788. 1775. Common Names: Black olive (Bahamas), Húcar, Húcar blanco,
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Jucarillo, Júcaro, Júcaro de costa, Júcaro de playa, Júcaro
Guadeloupe, St. Lucia), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and negro (Cuba), Caracolí de Puerto Rico, Guamacho, Guaraguao
South America. (Dominican Republic), Bois gri-gri, Grí-grí, Gris-gris, Gris-gris
Common Names: Bois à cochon (Haiti), Boar wood, Hog doctor, de montagne, Gué-gué (Haiti), Black olive (Jamaica), Bois-gli-gli,
Hog gum tree (Jamaica), Mangle jaune, Paletuvier jaune (Lesser Whitewood tree (Lesser Antilles), Ucar (Puerto Rico).
Antilles). References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 150, 323, 340.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 151, 301.
Bucida capitata Vahl = Buchenavia tetraphylla (Aubl.) R.A. Howard
Tovomita clusioides Griseb. = Clusia clusioides (Griseb.) D’Arcy
Bucida molinetii (M. Gómez) Alwan & Stace Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
Tovomita grisebachiana Planch. & Triana = Clusia clusioides (Griseb.) 76: 1127. 1989; Terminalia molinetii M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp.
D’Arcy Hist. Nat. 19: 244. 1890.
Tovomita havetioides Griseb. = Clusia havetioides (Griseb.) Planch. & Bucida correlliana Willbur, Taxon 37: 467. 1988.
Triana var. havetioides Bucida ophiticola Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 605. 1974.
Bucida spinosa (Northr.) Jenn., Ann. Carnegie Mus. 11: 201. 1917.
Tovomita plumieri Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 106. 1859.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique, St.
References: 3, 7, 39, 45, 149, 151, 427.
Lucia).
Common Names: Mangle blanc, Mangle bois, Mangle rouge, Paletuvier
grand-bois, Palétuvier rouge (Lesser Antilles).
Species.
References: 1, 36.
Bucida ophiticola Bisse = Bucida molinetii (M. Gómez) Alwan & Stace
Bucida palustris Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 21:
Colchicaceae 224. 1976 [“1975”].
Genera. Total: 1; native: 0; endemic: 0. Reference: 149.
Bucida spinosa (Northr.) Jenn. = Bucida molinetii (M. Gómez) Alwan
Gloriosa superba L., Sp. Pl. 305. 1753. & Stace
Distribution: Cultivated in Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. thomas); native Bucida subinermis Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 605. 1974.
to Africa, Asia, and Malesia. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Chicharronia intermedia A. Rich. = Terminalia intermedia (A. Rich.) rouge, Manglier gris, Mangle, Olivier bord de mer, West Indian
Urb. alder (Lesser Antilles), Botoncillo, Mangle botón (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 301, 323, 340.
Chuncoa arbuscula Griseb. = Terminalia intermedia (A. Rich.) Urb.
Conocarpus erectus L. var. sericeus E. Forst. ex DC., Prodr. 3: 16.
Chuncoa chicharronia Griseb. = Terminalia intermedia (A. Rich.) Urb.
1828; Conocarpus sericeus (E. Forst. ex DC.) J. Jiménez Alm., An.
Chuncoa eriostachya (A. Rich.) Griseb. = Terminalia eriostachya A. Rich. Univ. Santo Domingo 18: 126. 1953.
Combretum cordatum G. Don = Combretum laxum Jacq. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St.
Combretum eriopetalum G. Don = Combretum spinosum Humb. & Barthélemy), and United States (FL).
Bonpl. Common Names: Yana salvia (Cuba), Button mangrove (Jamaica),
Combretum grandiflorum G. Don, Edinburgh Philos. J. 11: 346. 1824. Button bush, Button mangrove, Chêne Guadeloupe, Mangle gris,
Distribution: Cultivated and escaped in Puerto Rico; native to West Manglier gris, Mangle rouge, Mangle, Olivier bord de mer, West
Tropical Africa. Indian alder, Palétuvier, Palétuvier gris, Palétuvier rouge, Paltivyé
Common Names: Combretum (Puerto Rico). (Lesser Antilles).
References: 32, 152. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 45, 150, 159, 249.
Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps, Useful Pl. Dominica 277. 1998; Conocarpus racemosus L. = Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f.
Quisqualis indica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 556. 1762; Combretum Conocarpus sericeus (DC.) J. Jiménez Alm. = Conocarpus erectus
indicum (L.) Jongkind, Fl. Gabon 35: 48. 1999, nom. illeg. L. var. sericeus E. Forst. ex DC.
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Cordia tetraphylla Aubl. = Buchenavia tetraphylla (Aubl.) R.A.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Howard
Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f., Suppl. Carp. 209. 1807;
Margarita; native to Africa, Asia, and Malesia. Conocarpus racemosus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 930. 1759.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 32, 58, 159, 224, 323. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van
Combretum jacquini Griseb. = Combretum laxum Jacq. Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda),
Combretum laxum Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 19. 1760. Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique,
Combretum cordatum G. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 15: 440. Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
1827. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad,
Combretum jacquini Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 275. 1860. Mexico, and South America.
Combretum marchii Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 63: 115. 1925. Common Names: Bastard buttonwood, Green turtle bough, White
Combretum robinsonii Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 63: 115. 1925. mangrove (Bahamas), Mangle amarillo, Mangle blanco, Mangle
Combretum viscidum C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 108. 1866. bobo, Mangle prieto, Paltivyé, Patabán (Cuba), Mangle, Mangle
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Central America, amarillo (Dominican Republic), Manglier blanc (Haiti), White
and South America. mangrove (Jamaica), Mangle blanc, Mangle gris, Manglier,
Common Names: Bejuco de barraco, Bejuco de becerro, Bejuco de Manglier blanc, Palétuvier, Tom house mangrove, White mangrove
berraco, Bejuco de vecerro (Dominican Republic), Bourougue, (Lesser Antilles), Mangle blanco, Mangle bobo (Puerto Rico),
Liane blanche, Liane mimebe blanche (Haiti), Red withe ( Jamaica). White mangrove (Virgin Islands).
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 36, 124, 149, 301. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 340.
Combretum marchii Fawc. & Rendle = Combretum laxum Jacq. Pseudolmedia bucidifolia Bello = Buchenavia tetraphylla (Aubl.) R.A.
Combretum robinsonii Fawc. & Rendle = Combretum laxum Jacq. Howard
Combretum spinosum Humb. & Bonpl., Pl. Aequinoct. 2: 161. 1817. Quisqualis indica L. = Combretum indicum (L.) Jongkind
Combretum eriopetalum G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 665. 1832. Terminalia arbuscula Sw., Prodr. 68. 1788.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Trinidad, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 3, 5, 7. Common Name: White olive (Jamaica).
Combretum viscidum C. Wright ex Griseb. = Combretum laxum Jacq. References: 2, 427.
Conocarpus erectus L., Sp. Pl. 176. 1753, var. erectus
Species.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, Terminalia aroldoi Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 608. 1974.
St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Grenada, Grenadines, Reference: 149.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, Terminalia bipleura Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. 26: 262. 1981 [“1980”].
Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Terminalia canescens Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Agron. Acad. Sci.
North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Hung. 27: 436. 1978.
Common Names: Buttonwood (Bahamas), Mangle botón, Saragosa, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Yabá, Yana (Cuba), Botoncillo, Botoncillo de costa, Mangle, Reference: 149.
Mangle prieto (Dominican Republic), Manglier, Manglier noir,
Palétuvier (Haiti), Button mangrove (Jamaica), Button bush, Terminalia canescens Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Terminalia bipleura
Button mangrove, Buttonwood, Chêne Guadeloupe, Palétuvier, Borhidi & O. Muñiz
Palétuvier gris, Palétuvier rouge, Paltivyé, Mangle gris, Mangle Terminalia catappa L., Mant. Pl. 1: 128. 1767.
number 9 8 • 231
Distribution: Naturalized in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Common Names: Chicharrón, Chicharrón de carreta, Chicharrón
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. de monte, Júcaro acerado, Júcaro amarillo (Cuba), Chicharrón
Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser (Dominican Republic).
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, References: 3, 5, 36, 40, 124, 151, 427.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Species.
Trinidad; native to Africa, Asia, Malesia, Australia, and Pacific Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev., Vég. Utiles Afrique Trop. Franç. 5: 152.
region. 1909.
Common Names: Almond-tree, Indian almond (Bahamas), Almendro Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to tropical Africa.
de la India (Cuba), Almendra, Almendro de playa, Almendro de References: 58, 151, 152, 159, 383.
las indias, Almendrón (Dominican Republic), Amadier, Amadier
des indes, Amadier tropical, Badannier, Zamanne, Zammande Terminalia latifolia Sw., Prodr. 68. 1788.
(Haiti), Almond, West Indian almond (Jamaica), Almond, Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Barbados almond, Amandier, Amandier-pays, Indian almond, Pied Common Name: Broadleaf (Jamaica).
z’amande, Sea almond, Wild almond, Z’amande, Zanmann (Lesser References: 2, 427.
Antilles), Almendra (Puerto Rico), Indian almond, Malabar Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
almond, Tropical almond (Virgin Islands). Species.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 224, 301, Terminalia maestrensis Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 606. 1974.
323, 340, 383. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Reference: 149.
Terminalia chicharronia Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Terminalia microcarpa Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 457. 1834.
Méd. Habana 5: 410. 1869, subsp. chicharronia Licania columbarum Stehlé & L. Quentin, Fl. Guadeloupe Dépend. &
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Martinique 2(3): 50. 1949.
Hispaniola. Distribution: Cultivated in Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe).
Terminalia molinetii M. Gómez = Bucida molinetii (M. Gómez) Alwan
Cuba (39).
& Stace
Terminalia chicharronia Wright subsp. domingensis (Urb.) Alwan
Terminalia myriocarpa Van Heurck & Müll. Arg., Observ. Bot. 215. 1871.
& Stace, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 1125. 1989; Terminalia
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Asia and Malesia.
domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 524. 1913.
Common Name: Chicharrón (Dominican Republic). Terminalia neglecta Bisse = Terminalia chicharronia Wright subsp.
References: 5, 7, 151, 560. neglecta (Bisse) Alwan & Stace
Terminalia chicharronia Wright subsp. neglecta (Bisse) Alwan & Stace, Terminalia nipensis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 1125. 1989; Terminalia neglecta La Salle” 12: 8. 1953.
Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 607. 1974. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Name: Chicharrón prieto (Cuba).
Terminalia chicharronia Wright subsp. orientensis (Monach.) Alwan Terminalia oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 668.
& Stace, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 1125. 1989; Terminalia 1841.
orientensis Monach., Caribbean Forest. 8: 79. 1947. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Mexico, Central America,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. and South America.
Common Name: Jucarillo charrasco (Cuba). References: 58, 159.
References: 3, 151, 560. Terminalia orientensis Monach. = Terminalia chicharronia Wright
Terminalia domingensis Urb. = Terminalia chicharronia Wright subsp. subsp. orientensis (Monach.) Alwan & Stace
domingensis (Urb.) Alwan & Stace Terminalia pachystyla Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 21: 224.
Terminalia eriostachya A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. 1976 [“1975”].
Vasc. 524. 1845; Chuncoa eriostachya (A. Rich.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cub. 109. 1866. Reference: 149.
Common Names: Chicharrón amarillo, Chicharrón prieto (Cuba).
References: 3, 39, 40, 124, 427. Commelinaceae
Cuba (39) and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Genera. Total: 11; native: 9; endemic: 1.
Species. Taxa. Total: 30; native: 22; endemic: 5.
Terminalia intermedia (A. Rich.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Aneilema pauciflorum (Urb. & Ekman) Alain = Gibasis pauciflora
22: 367. 1926; Chicharronia intermedia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, (Urb. & Ekman) D.R. Hunt
Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 529. 1845.
Chuncoa arbuscula Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 275. 1860. Aploleia monandra (Sw.) H.E. Moore, Baileya 9: 17. 1961;
Chuncoa chicharronia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 109. 1866. Tradescantia monandra Sw., Prodr. 57. 1788; Callisia monandra
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (Sw.) Schult. & Schult. f. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes, Syst. Veg.
7: 1179. 1830.
Callisia repens sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 122. 1883, Callisia repens sensu Bello = Aploleia monandra (Sw.) H.E. Moore
non L. Callisia umbellulata Lam. = Aploleia monandra (Sw.) H.E. Moore
Callisia umbellulata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 130. 1791.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Callisia umbellulata sensu Bello = Callisia repens (Jacq.) L.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Campelia zanonia (L.) Kunth = Tradescantia zanonia (L.) Sw.
Martinique), Mexico, Central America, and South America;
Commelina acutissima Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 1. 1923.
possibly in Virgin Islands based on a common name record, but no
specimen record has been found.
Reference: 147.
Common Names: Petit curage, Petit herbe grasse (Lesser Antilles),
Cohítre morado (Puerto Rico). Commelina angustifolia Michx. = Commelina erecta L. var. angustifolia
References: 1, 3, 28, 30, 61, 147, 340. (Michx.) Fernald
Athyrocarpus leiocarpus (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Hemsl. = Commelina benghalensis L., Sp. Pl. 41. 1753.
Commelina leiocarpa Benth. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles
(Barbados, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Vincent); native to
Athyrocarpus persicariifolius sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Commelina
Africa, tropical Asia, Malesia, and Pacific region.
rufipes Seub. var. glabrata (D.R. Hunt) Faden & D.R. Hunt
Common Name: Herbe grasse (Lesser Antilles).
Callisia cordifolia (Sw.) E.S. Anderson & Woodson, Contr. Arnold References: 1, 2, 28, 147, 159, 252.
Arbor. 9: 117. 1935; Tradescantia cordifolia Sw., Prodr. 57. 1788;
Commelina blainii (C. Wright) Woodson = Sauvallea blainii C. Wright
Tripogandra cordifolia (Sw.) Aristeg., Bol. Acad. Ci. Fis. 25: 125.
in F.A. Sauvalle
1965.
Callisia meiandra C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Commelina cayennensis Rich. = Commelina diffusa Burm. f.
Habana 7: 610. 1871. Commelina diffusa Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 18. 1768.
Spironema robbinsii C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Commelina cayennensis Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 105. 1792.
Habana 7: 609. 1871. Commelina longicaulis Jacq., Collectanea 3: 234. 1791 [“1789”].
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
South America. Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. Thomas, Virgin
References: 2, 3, 147, 350. Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
Callisia filiformis (M. Martens & Galeotti) D.R. Hunt, Kew Bull. 41: Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
410. 1986; Leptorhoeo filiformis (M. Martens & Galeotti) C.B. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, North America, Mexico,
Clarke in W.B. Hemsley, Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. 55. 1880. Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Martinique, Montserrat, Common Names: Creeping day-flower (Bahamas), Water grass
St. Lucia), Mexico, Central America, and South America. (Jamaica), Curage, French weed, Herbe grasse, Water grass (Lesser
References: 1, 147. Antilles), Cohítre, Cohítre azul, Cojitre (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 28, 45, 61, 131, 147, 254, 323.
Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 154.
1942; Spironema fragrans Lindl., Edward’s Bot. Reg. 26: t. 47. 1840. Commelina elegans Kunth = Commelina erecta L. var. erecta
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Commelina erecta L., Sp. Pl. 41. 1753, var. erecta
(Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia, Commelina elegans Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
St. Martin), and Margarita; endemic to Mexico; widely cultivated & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 259. 1816.
elsewhere. Commelina erecta L. var. hamipila (C. Wright ex Sauvalle) Brashier, Bull.
References: 1, 2, 19, 28, 147, 252, 254, 323. Torrey Bot. Club 93: 10. 1966; Commelina hamipila C. Wright ex
Callisia meiandra C. Wright = Callisia cordifolia (Sw.) E.S. Anderson & Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 7: 608. 1870.
Woodson Commelina virginica sensu authors, non L.
Callisia monandra (Sw.) Schult. & Schult. f. = Aploleia monandra (Sw.)
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St.
H.E. Moore
John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Callisia repens (Jacq.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 62. 1762; Hapalanthus repens Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 12. 1760. Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
Callisia umbellulata sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 122. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, North
1883, non Lam. America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Common Names: Canutillo (Cuba), Botoncillo, Consuelda, Suelda con
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Tortola, suelda, Suelda consuelda (Dominican Republic), Mais marron,
Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Z’herbe maíz marron (Haiti).
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 45, 61, 147, 150, 323, 340, 350.
St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba,
Commelina erecta L. var. angustifolia (Michx.) Fernald, Rhodora 42:
Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, United States (TX), Mexico, Central
439. 1940; Commelina angustifolia Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 24.
1803.
Common Names: Canutillo rastrero (Cuba), Cohítre enano, Suelda con
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, North America, Mexico, and
suelda, Ti-bon bieu mouri (Dominican Republic), Belle mere soleil,
South America.
Bon dieu mouri, Bon dieu soleil, Mais marron, Petit bon dieu
mouri, Ti-bon dieu mouri (Haiti), Oreillo di raton, Yerba de awa
(Lesser Antilles), Belleza, Lengua de gallina, Tradescantia (Puerto Commelina erecta L. var. hamipila (C. Wright ex Sauvalle) Brashier =
Rico). Commelina erecta L. var. erecta
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 30, 61, 123, 131, 147, 151, 323, 340. Commelina geniculata Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 4. 1825.
number 9 8 • 233
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Names: Curage des bois, Herbe grasse des bois (Lesser
References: 5, 147. Antilles), Cohítre azul (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 340.
Commelina haitiensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 10. 1926.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Gibasis pauciflora (Urb. & Ekman) D.R. Hunt, Kew Bull. 33: 146.
References: 5, 147. 1978; Tradescantia pauciflora Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11):
7. 1931; Aneilema pauciflora (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Brittonia 20:
Commelina hamipila C. Wright ex Sauvalle = Commelina erecta L. var.
152. 1968.
erecta
Commelina hexandra Aubl. = Dichorisandra hexandra (Aubl.) Standl. Reference: 147.
Commelina leiocarpa Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 176. 1846; Hapalanthus repens Jacq. = Callisia repens (Jacq.) L.
Athyrocarpus leiocarpus (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Hemsl.,
Leptorhoeo filiformis (M. Martens & Galeotti) C.B. Clarke = Callisia
Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3(18): 386 1885.
filiformis (M. Martens & Galeotti) D.R. Hunt
America. Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan, Kew Bull. 7: 189. 1952; Commelina
References: 3, 147. nudiflora L., Sp. Pl. 4. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, North America,
Commelina longicaulis Jacq. = Commelina diffusa Burm. f.
Commelina nudiflora L. = Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan References: 3, 5, 28, 30, 147, 244.
Commelina rufipes Seub. var. glabrata (D.R. Hunt) Faden & D.R. Rhoeo discolor (L’Hér.) Hance = Tradescantia spathacea Sw.
Hunt, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 122. 1987; Commelinopsis
Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.) Stearn = Tradescantia spathacea Sw.
glabrata D.R. Hunt, Kew Bull. 36: 195. 1981.
Athyrocarpus persicariifolius sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto *Sauvallea blainii C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 144. 1923, non Hemsl. Habana 7: 608. 1871; Commelina blainii (C. Wright) Woodson,
Commelinopsis persicariifolia (Delile) Pichon, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 150. 1942.
227. 1946. Distribution: Endemic to western Cuba.
Tradescantia portoricensis Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 122. Common Name: Cañutillo de paredón (Cuba).
1883. References: 3, 39, 132, 147.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Note: Considered extinct by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Martinique, Montserrat ), Mexico, and South America. Cuba (39).
References: 3, 28, 61, 147, 152, 340. Setcreasea pallida Rose = Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt
Commelina serrulata Vahl = Tripogandra serrulata (Vahl) Handlos Setcreasea purpurea Boom = Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt
Commelina virginica sensu authors, non L. = Commelina erecta L. var. Spironema fragrans Lindl. = Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson
erecta
Spironema robbinsii C. Wright = Callisia cordifolia (Sw.) E.S. Anderson
Commelina zanonia L. = Tradescantia zanonia (L.) Sw. & Woodson
Commelinopsis glabrata D.R. Hunt = Commelina rufipes Seub. var. Tinantia caribaea Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 280. 1902.
glabrata (D.R. Hunt) Faden & D.R. Hunt Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique ) and
Commelinopsis persicariifolia (Delile) Pichon = Commelina rufipes northern South America.
Seub. var. glabrata (D.R. Hunt) Faden & D.R. Hunt References: 1, 30, 147.
Cyanotis cristata (L.) D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 46. 1825. Tinantia erecta (L.) Schltdl., Linnaea 25: 185. 1852; Commelina erecta
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia); native to Africa, Asia, L., Sp. Pl. 41. 1753.
and Malesia. Tinantia fugax Scheidw., Allg. Gartenzeitung 7: 365. 1839.
References: 1, 2, 147. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America,
and South America.
Cyanotis cucullata (Roth) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: 107. 1843.
References: 2, 5, 30, 147.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, St. Lucia).
References: 1, 294. Tinantia fugax Scheidw. = Tinantia erecta (L.) Schltdl.
Cyanotis vittata Lindl. = Tradescantia zebrina Bosse Tradescantia bicolor sensu Bello = Tradescantia spathacea Sw.
Dichorisandra hexandra (Aubl.) Standl. in P.C. Standley & S. Calderon, Tradescantia cordifolia Sw. = Callisia cordifolia (Sw.) E.S. Anderson &
Lista Pl. Salvador: 48. 1925; Commelina hexandra Aubl., Hist. Pl. Woodson
Guiane 1: 35. 1775. Tradescantia discolor L’Hér. = Tradescantia spathacea Sw.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), Margarita,
Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World. Tradescantia elongata G. Mey. = Tripogandra serrulata (Vahl) Handlos
Common Name: Herbe-ravine (Lesser Antilles). Tradescantia geniculata Jacq. = Gibasis geniculata (Jacq.) Rohweder
Tradescantia monandra Sw. = Aploleia monandra (Sw.) H.E. Moore
Gibasis geniculata (Jacq.) Rohweder, Abh. Auslandsk., Reihe C,
Tradescantia multiflora Sw. = Tripogandra multiflora (Sw.) Raf.
Naturwiss. 18: 143. 1956; Tradescantia geniculata Jacq., Select.
Stirp. Amer. Hist. 94. 1763. Tradescantia multiflora Sw. var. tobagensis Urb. = Tripogandra
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser multiflora (Sw.) Raf.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt, Kew Bull. 30: 453. 1975;
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Setcreasea pallida Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 294. 1911.
Setcreasea purpurea Boom, Acta Bot. Néerl. 4: 167. 1955. Tradescantia elongata G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 146. 1818.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
(Guana, St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Mexico,
Martinique, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin), and Central America, and South America.
Margarita; native to Mexico. Common Names: Curage-rivière, Herbe grasse rivière (Lesser Antilles).
Common Names: Cucaracha extranjera, Cucaracha morada References: 1, 28, 61, 147.
(Dominican Republic), Purple heart (Lesser Antilles), Cohítre Zebrina pendula Schnizl. = Tradescantia zebrina Bosse
morado (Puerto Rico), Purple heart, Purple queen (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 28, 45, 123, 147, 323.
Tradescantia pauciflora Urb. & Ekman = Gibasis pauciflora (Urb. & Connaraceae
Ekman) D.R. Hunt
Tradescantia pendula (Schnizl.) D.R. Hunt = Tradescantia zebrina Bosse
Tradescantia portoricensis Bello = Commelina rufipes Seub. var.
glabrata (D.R. Hunt) Faden & D.R. Hunt Cnestidium rufescens Planch., Linnaea 23: 440. 1850.
Tradescantia spathacea Sw., Prodr. 57. 1788; Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.)
America.
Stearn, Baileya 5: 198. 1957.
References: 3, 89.
Rhoeo discolor (L’Hér.) Hance in W.G. Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst. 3: 660.
1853; Tradescantia discolor L’Hér., Sert. Angl. 8. 1789. Connarus grandifolius Planch., Linnaea 23: 432. 1850.
Tradescantia bicolor sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 122. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
1883, non Kunth. Martinique, St. Kitts).
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Common Names: Lian caco, Liane à barriques (Lesser Antilles).
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Virgin Gorda), References: 1, 31, 89.
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines, Connarus reticulatus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 84. 1866.
Martinique, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and Margarita; native to Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Mexico and Central America. Common Name: Sangre de toro bejuco (Cuba).
Common Names: Moses-in-the-bulrushes, Oyster plant (Jamaica), References: 3, 89, 132, 156.
Canoa di San Pedro, Gros curage, Grosse herbe grasee, Indján den
boto, Ladies in a boat, Moses in the basket (Lesser Antilles). Rourea cubensis Urb. = Rourea glabra Kunth var. glabra
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147, 150, 323, 340, 383. Rourea frutescens sensu Bello = Rourea surinamensis Miq.
Tradescantia virginiana L., Sp. Pl. 288. 1753. Rourea glabra Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland &
Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America. C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 7: 41. 1824, var. glabra
References: 3, 147. Rourea cubensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 356. 1908.
Tradescantia zanonia (L.) Sw., Prodr. 57. 1788; Commelina zanonia Rourea sympetala Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 357. 1908.
L., Sp. Pl. 41. 1753; Campelia zanonia (L.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and
Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto South America.
ed.) 1: 264. 1816. Common Names: Bejuco Baracoa, Bejuco vergajo, Bergajo, Juan
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, caliente, Mata negro (Cuba).
Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South References: 2, 3, 89, 152, 156.
America. Rourea glabra Kunth var. jamaicensis Forero, Mem. New York Bot.
References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 61, 147, 323, 340. Gard. 26: 55. 1976.
Tradescantia zebrina Heynh. ex Bosse, Vollst. Handb. Blumengart. 4: Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
655. 1849. Reference: 89.
Cyanotis vittata Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 139. 1850. Rourea surinamensis Miq., Linnaea 26: 221. 1854.
Tradescantia pendula (Schnizl.) D.R. Hunt, Kew Bull. 36. 197. 1981; Rourea frutescens sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 255.
Zebrina pendula Schnizl., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 7: 870. 1849. 1881, non Aubl.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, (Grenada, St. Lucia), Trinidad, and South America.
Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Lucia), Common Names: Bejuco de Luis Gómez, Bejuco Luis Gómez (Dominican
and Margarita. Republic), Bejuco de garrote, Juan caliente (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Cucaracha (Dominican Republic), Wandering jeu (Haiti). References: 1, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61, 89, 301.
References: 2, 3, 19, 28, 30, 45, 61, 123, 147, 150, 323, 592.
Rourea sympetala Urb. = Rourea glabra Kunth var. glabra
Tripogandra cordifolia (Sw.) Aristeg. = Callisia cordifolia (Sw.) E.S.
Anderson & Woodson
Tripogandra multiflora (Sw.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 16. 1837; Tradescantia Convolvulaceae
multiflora Sw., Prodr. 57. 1788; Tradescantia multiflora Sw. var.
tobagensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 174. 1912. Genera. Total: 15; native: 10; endemic: 0.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Tobago, Mexico, Central America, and Taxa. Total: 157; native: 135; endemic: 63.
South America.
Aniseia cernua Moric., Pl. Nouv. Amer. 56. 1837.
References: 2, 147.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Trinidad, Central America,
Tripogandra serrulata (Vahl) Handlos, Baileya 17: 33. 1970; and South America.
Commelina serrulata Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 4. 1798. References: 3, 7, 144.
number 9 8 • 235
Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy, Convolv. Diss. Sec. 144. 1837, Convolvulus acetosifolius Vahl = Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb.
var. martinicensis; Convolvulus martinicensis Jacq., Select. Stirp. Convolvulus aculeatus L. = Ipomoea alba L.
Amer. Hist. 26. 1763.
Aniseia salicifolia (Desr.) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 8: 144. 1838. Convolvulus acuminatus Vahl = Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. var.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles acuminata (Vahl) Fosberg
(Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique), Trinidad, Mexico, Convolvulus alsinoides L. = Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. var. alsinoides
Convolvulus auritus Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Ipomoea imperati
Common Names: Liseron savane, Patate marron, Petit liseron (Lesser
(Vahl) Griseb.
Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 32, 58, 144, 150, 301. Convolvulus batatas L. = Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy var. ambigua Hallier, Bot. Jahrb. Convolvulus cissoides Lam. = Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f.
Syst. 18: 96. 1893. Convolvulus corymbosus L. = Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf.
Aniseia nitens Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 8: 145. 1838; Aniseia
martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy var. nitens (Choisy) O’Donell, Lilloa Convolvulus cumanensis Kunth = Jacquemontia cumanensis (Kunth)
30: 60. 1960. Kuntze
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Convolvulus cuspidatus Willd. ex Spreng. = Ipomoea meyeri (Spreng.)
(Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique), Mexico, Central G. Don
Convolvulus dissectus Jacq. = Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f.
Note: Differs from typical variety by its basally truncate to slightly
cordate sepals with scattered trichomes vs. basally cuneate and Convolvulus domingensis Desr. = Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf.
decurrent glabrous sepals. Convolvulus domingensis Spreng. = Merremia quinquefolia (L.)
References: 7, 58, 144. Hallier f.
Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy var. nitens (Choisy) O’Donell = Convolvulus fastigiatus Roxb. = Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy
Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy var. ambigua Hallier f.
Convolvulus filicaulis Vahl = Xenostegia tridentata (L.) D.F. Austin &
Aniseia nitens Choisy = Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy var. Staples
ambigua Hallier f.
Convolvulus frondosus Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Jacquemontia
Aniseia salicifolia (Desr.) Choisy = Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy havanensis (Jacq.) Urb.
var. martinicensis
Convolvulus grandiflorus Jacq. = Ipomoea violacea L.
Argyreia bracteata Choisy = Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer
Convolvulus havanensis Jacq. = Jacquemontia havanensis (Jacq.) Urb.
Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer, Hortus Maurit. 224. 1837;
Convolvulus nervosus Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 48. 1768; Rivea nervosa Convolvulus heptaphyllus Rottler & Willd. = Ipomoea wrightii A. Gray
(Burm. f.) Hallier f., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 381. 1897. Convolvulus imperati Vahl = Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb.
Argyreia bracteata Choisy, Convolv. Orient. 39. 1834.
Convolvulus indicus Burm. = Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. var.
Argyreia speciosa (L. f.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 289. 1827.
indica.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas, Tortola), and Lesser Antilles Convolvulus jamaicensis Jacq. = Jacquemontia havanensis (Jacq.) Urb.
(Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia); native to India. Convolvulus jamaicensis Spreng. = Ipomoea jamaicensis G. Don var.
Common Names: Campanola, Cordón de seda, Hoja de plata, jamaicensis
Ipomea, Ipomea morada, Ipomoea (Cuba), Basquiña, Hoja de
seda (Dominican Republic), Coup d’air, Liane à minguet, Liane Convolvulus jamaicensis Jacq. var. major A. Rich. = Jacquemontia
d’argent, Liane tonnelle (Haiti), Elephant ear vine (Jamaica), havanensis (Jacq.) Urb.
Elephant climber, Liane à tonnelle, Liane à vonvon, Liane Convolvulus littoralis L. = Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb.
d’argent, Liane de soie (Lesser Antilles).
Convolvulus macrocalyx Ruiz & Pav. = Merremia macrocalyx (Ruiz &
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 32, 132, 150.
Pav.) O’Donell
Argyreia speciosa (L. f.) Sweet = Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer
Convolvulus macrocarpus L. = Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb.
Argyreia tiliifolia (Desr.) Wight = Stictocardia tiliifolia (Desr.) Hallier f.
Convolvulus macrorhizos L. = Ipomoea furcyensis Urb.
Argyreia tiliifolia sensu A. Stahl, non (Desr.) Wight = Operculina
Convolvulus martinicensis Jacq. = Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy
turpethum (L.) Silva Manso var. ventricosa (Bertero) G.W. Staples
var. martinicensis
& D.F. Austin
Convolvulus meyeri Spreng. = Ipomoea meyeri (Spreng.) G. Don
Batatas edulis Choisy = Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
Convolvulus micranthus Roem. & Schult. = Jacquemontia verticillata
Batatas pentaphylla (L.) Choisy = Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urb.
(L.) Urb. var. verticillata
Batatas quinquefolia (L.) Choisy = Merremia quinquefolia (L.)
Convolvulus nervosus Burm. f. = Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer
Hallier f.
Convolvulus nil L. = Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth
Calonyction aculeatum (L.) House = Ipomoea alba L.
Convolvulus nodiflorus Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 557.
Calonyction bona-nox (L.) Bojer = Ipomoea alba L.
1792; Jacquemontia nodiflora (Desr.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 283.
Calonyction megalocarpum A. Rich. = Ipomoea alba L. 1837-1838.
Calonyction speciosum Choisy = Ipomoea alba L. Convolvulus albiflorus H. West, Bidr. Beskr. St. Croix 271. 1793.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Calonyction tuba (Schltdl.) Colla = Ipomoea violacea L. (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda),
Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Convolvulus ventricosus Bertero = Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva
Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Manso var. ventricosa (Bertero) G.W. Staples & D.F. Austin
Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Trinidad, Central America, Convolvulus violaceus Vahl = Jacquemontia pentanthos (Jacq.) G. Don
and South America.
Common Names: Bejuco ratón, Campanitas, Pascua (Dominican Cuscuta americana L., Sp. Pl. 124. 1753.
Republic), Aguinaldo blanco (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61, 75, 301, 323, 340. Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
Convolvulus nummularius L. = Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Convolvulus obcordatus Millsp. = Jacquemontia ovalifolia (Vahl) Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius,
Hallier f. subsp. obcordata (Millsp.) K.R. Robertson St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire,
Curaçao, Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America,
Convolvulus obscurus L. = Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl.
and South America.
Convolvulus obtusifolius Sessé & Moc. = Jacquemontia havanensis Common Names: Bejuco de fideo, Fideíllo, Malarrabia (Cuba),
(Jacq.) Urb. Bejuco amarillo, Bejuquito de amor, Cuscute, Fideitos, Fideos
Convolvulus ochraceus Lindl. = Ipomoea ochracea (Lindl.) G. Don (Dominican Republic), Amitié, Choisy, Cuscute d’Amerique, La
amitié, L’amitié, Lanmitié, Vermicelles (Haiti), Dodder, Love vine
Convolvulus operculatus M. Gómez = Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb. (Jamaica), Corde à violon, Corde de violon, Herbe à z’amourelle,
Convolvulus parviflorus Desr. = Jacquemontia verticillata (L.) Urb. var. Herbe à z’amourette, Herbe z’amitié, Liane à cordon, Liane sans
verticillata fin, Love vine, Teigne, Vermicelle, Yellow dod, Yellow dodder
(Lesser Antilles), Bejuco de mona, Fideos (Puerto Rico), Dodder
Convolvulus pennatus Desr. = Ipomoea quamoclit L.
(Virgin Islands).
Convolvulus pentanthus Jacq. = Jacquemontia pentanthos (Jacq.) G. Don References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61, 323.
Convolvulus pentaphyllus L. = Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urb. Cuscuta arvensis Beyr. ex Engelm. = Cuscuta campestris Yunck.
Convolvulus pes-caprae L. = Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. Cuscuta boldinghii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 38. 1919.
Convolvulus phyllomega Vell. = Ipomoea philomega (Vell.) House Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Aruba,
Bonaire, Curaçao, and Mexico.
Convolvulus pinnatifidus Kunth = Operculina pinnatifida (Kunth) References: 1, 7, 150.
O’Donell
Cuscuta campestris Yunck., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 138. 1932.
Convolvulus plumieri Spreng. = Jacquemontia verticillata (L.) Urb. var. Cuscuta arvensis Beyr. ex Engelm. in A. Gray, Manual, ed. 2, 336. 1856.
verticillata Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. calycina Engelm., Amer. J. Sci. Arts 45
Convolvulus polycarpus Kunth = Jacquemontia verticillata (L.) Urb. (1): 76. 1843.
var. verticillata Cuscuta pentagona sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 356. 1920,
non Engelm.
Convolvulus portoricensis Spreng. = Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.) Merr.
Distribution: Native Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico; Lesser Antilles
var. acuminata (Vahl) Fosberg
(Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique), Mexico, Central America,
Convolvulus purpureus L. = Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth South America, and Africa; exotic in Bahamas and Jamaica.
Convolvulus ruber Vahl = Ipomoea setifera Poir. Common Names: Liane vermicelle, Liane z’amitié (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 151.
Convolvulus ruderarius Kunth = Jacquemontia havanensis (Jacq.) Urb.
Cuscuta decora Choisy ex Engelm. = Cuscuta indecora Choisy var.
Convolvulus serpyliifolius Kunth = Jacquemontia serpyliifolia (Kunth) Urb. indecora
Convolvulus serpylloides Griseb. = Evolvulus minimus Ooststr. Cuscuta domingensis Urb. = Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex Schult.
Convolvulus sphaerostigma Cav. = Jacquemontia sphaerostigma (Cav.) Cuscuta glandulosa (Engelm.) Small = Cuscuta obtusiflora Kunth var.
Rusby glandulosa Engelm.
Convolvulus tenuifolius Vahl = Ipomoea tenuifolia (Vahl) Urb. Cuscuta globulosa Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 138. 1845.
Convolvulus tiliaceus Willd. = Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Grenada, Martinique,
Convolvulus tillifolius Desr. = Stictocardia tiliifolia (Desr.) Hallier f.
Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, and
Convolvulus tomentosus L. = Ipomoea jamaicensis G. Don var. jamaicensis Mexico.
Convolvulus tridentatus L. = Xenostegia tridentata (L.) D.F. Austin & References: 1, 3, 7, 45, 58, 231.
Staples Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex Schult., Syst. Veg. 6: 205. 1820.
Convolvulus trifidus Kunth = Ipomoea trifida (Kunth) G. Don Cuscuta domingensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 38. 1919.
Convolvulus triqueter Vahl = Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso References: 5, 7, 151.
var. turpethum
Cuscuta indecora Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 9: 278. 1842, var.
Convolvulus tuba Schltdl. = Ipomoea violacea L. indecora
Convolvulus turpethum L. = Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso Cuscuta decora Choisy ex Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 1: 501.
var. turpethum 1859.
Convolvulus umbellatus L. = Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f.
Antilles (Barbados), North America, Mexico, Central America,
Convolvulus valenzuelanus A. Rich. = Jacquemontia serpyliifolia and South America.
(Kunth) Urb.
number 9 8 • 237
Common Names: Bejuco amarillo, Bejuquito de amor, Fideitos, Fideos Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 392. 1762, var. alsinoides;
(Dominican Republic), Amitié, Choisy, Custute d’Amérique, Convolvulus alsinoides L., Sp. Pl. 157. 1753.
L’amitié (Haiti). Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, Mexico, Central
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 151. America, and South America; cultivated in Bahamas and Jamaica;
naturalized in Africa, Asia, and Malesia.
Cuscuta indecora Choisy var. neuropetala (Engelm.) Hitchc., Amer. J.
Common Name: Speedwell (Jamaica).
Sci. Arts 45: 75. 1843; Cuscuta neuropetala Engelm., Amer. J. Sci.
References: 2, 3, 45, 150, 151, 285.
Arts 45 (1): 75. 1843.
Cuscuta indecora Choisy var. portoricensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 502. Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. var. debilis (Kunth) Ooststr., Meded. Bot.
1910. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 14: 33. 1934; Evolvulus debilis
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, North America, and Mexico. Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S.
References: 2, 3, 30, 152. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 115. 1819.
Evolvulus linifolius sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
Cuscuta indecora Choisy var. portoricensis Urb. = Cuscuta indecora
Virgin Islands 6: 104. 1925, non L.
Choisy var. neuropetala (Engelm.) Hitchc.
Cuscuta neuropetala Engelm. = Cuscuta indecora Choisy var. America; cultivated in Puerto Rico Virgin Islands (Virgin Gorda),
neuropetala (Engelm.) Hitchc. and Jamaica.
Cuscuta obtusiflora Kunth var. glandulosa Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. References: 2, 3, 6, 58, 61, 151, 228.
St. Louis 1: 492. 1859; Cuscuta glandulosa (Engelm.) Small, Fl. Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. var. grisebachianus Meisn. in C.F.P. von
S.E. U.S. 969. 1903. Martius, Fl. Bras. 7: 344. 1869.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, North Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
America, Central America, and South America. Rico, Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, St. Martin), North
Common Name: Bejuco amarillo (Puerto Rico). America, Central America, and South America.
References: 2, 3, 7, 58, 131, 151. References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 45, 58, 151.
Cuscuta pentagona Engelm., Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 340. 1842. Evolvulus antillanus D.A. Powell, J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 225. 1979.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, Mexico, and South Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe,
America. Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and
References: 3, 151. northern South America.
Cuscuta pentagona sensu Britton & Millsp. = Cuscuta campestris Common Name: Lin, Lin bâtard (Lesser Antilles).
Yunck. Reference: 1.
Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. calycina Engelm. = Cuscuta campestris Evolvulus arbuscula Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 3:
Yunck. 459. 1814, var. arbuscula
Cuscuta umbellata Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland Hispaniola, and Jamaica.
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 121. 1819. Common Names: Tebenque (Cuba), Romerillo, Romero silvestre
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, (Dominican Republic), Jean Paul (Haiti), Sea thyme (Jamaica).
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 40, 45, 123.
Guadeloupe, Saba), Trinidad, North America, Mexico, and
Central America. Evolvulus arbuscula Poir. var. canus Ooststr., Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 151, 301. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 14: 180. 1934.
Dichondra carolinensis Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 136. 1803. Reference: 149.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America.
Common Name: Sheep-grass (Bahamas). Evolvulus arenicola Britton & P. Wilson = Evolvulus siliceus Britton &
Reference: 45. P. Wilson
Dichondra micrantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 243. 1924. Evolvulus bahamensis House, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 89. 1908.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Rico, and Mexico; naturalized in North America and Asia. References: 45, 152.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 45, 151, 154, 159. Evolvulus bocasanus Britton = Evolvulus tenuis Mart. ex Choisy subsp.
Dichondra repens J.R. Forst. & G. Forst., Char. Gen. Pl. 20. 1775, var. longifolius (Choisy) Ooststr.
repens Evolvulus bracei House, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 90. 1908.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba.
Rico; pantropical weed. References: 3, 45.
Common Names: Aguinaldito rastrero, Alfombra, Hierba del japón,
Evolvulus convolvuloides (Willd. ex Schult.) Stearn, Taxon 21: 649.
Oreja de ratón, Tripa de rana, Violeta japonesa (Cuba).
1972; Nama convolvuloides Willd., Syst. Veg. 6: 189. 1820.
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 58, 151, 159.
Evolvulus glaber Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 862. 1824 [“1825”].
Dichondra repens J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. var. sericea (Sw.) Choisy in Evolvulus mucronatus Sw. ex Wikstr., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl.
A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 451. 1845; Dichondra sericea Sw., 1827: 61. 1827.
Prodr. 54. 1788. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba,
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Jamaica; native to Mexico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada,
Central America, and South America. St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser
References: 2, 7, 30. Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines,
Dichondra sericea Sw. = Dichondra repens J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. var. Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Barthélemy,
sericea (Sw.) Choisy St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire,
Curaçao, Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America, References: 3, 39, 149.
and South America. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Common Name: Teigne (Lesser Antilles). Cuba (39).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 151, 323. Evolvulus squamosus Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 449. 1905.
Evolvulus domingensis Spreng. ex Choisy = Evolvulus nummularius Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cayman
(L.) L. Islands, and Virgin Islands (Anegada).
Common Name: Broom-bush (Bahamas).
Evolvulus filipes Mart., Flora 24: 100. 1844.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Martinique), Evolvulus tenuis Mart. ex Choisy subsp. longifolius (Choisy) Ooststr.,
Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 14: 61. 1934;
Common Name: Herbe grise (Lesser Antilles). Evolvulus longifolius Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 8: 81.
References: 1, 2, 19, 151, 323. 1837.
Evolvulus bocasanus Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 337. 1922.
Evolvulus glaber Spreng. = Evolvulus convolvuloides (Willd. ex Schult.)
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St.
Stearn
Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Kitts), Bonaire,
Evolvulus grisebachii Peter in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Curaçao, Trinidad, and South America.
Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 19. 1897. Common Name: Lin (Lesser Antilles).
Evolvulus incanus Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 288. 1805. References: 1, 7, 134, 151, 301.
Evolvulus wrightii House, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 316. 1906.
Evolvulus wrightii House = Evolvulus grisebachii Peter
Distribution: Native to Cuba and United States (FL).
References: 3, 149, 150, 152. Exogonium arenarium Choisy = Ipomoea steudelii Millsp.
Evolvulus incanus Pers. = Evolvulus grisebachii Peter Exogonium cubense House = Ipomoea cubensis (House) Urb.
Evolvulus linifolius sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Evolvulus alsinoides Exogonium eggersii House = Ipomoea eggersii (House) D.F. Austin
(L.) L. var. debilis (Kunth) Ooststr. Exogonium filiforme (Jacq.) Choisy = Jacquemontia solanifolia (L.)
Evolvulus longifolius Choisy = Evolvulus tenuis Mart. ex Choisy subsp. Hallier f.
longifolius (Choisy) Ooststr. Exogonium incertum Britton = Ipomoea incerta (Britton) Urb.
Evolvulus minimus Ooststr., Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Exogonium microdactylum (Griseb.) House = Ipomoea microdactyla
Utrecht 14: 110. 1934. Griseb.
Convolvulus serpylloides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 207. 1866.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Exogonium pedatum sensu Bello, non Choisy = Ipomoea steudelii
References: 3, 124. Millsp.
Evolvulus mucronatus Sw. ex Wikstr. = Evolvulus convolvuloides Exogonium repandum (Jacq.) Choisy = Ipomoea repanda Jacq.
(Willd. ex Schult.) Stearn Exogonium solanifolium (L.) Britton = Jacquemontia solanifolia (L.)
Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 391. 1762; Convolvulus Hallier f.
nummularius L., Sp. Pl. 157. 1753. Exogonium wrightii House = Turbina racemosa (Poir.) D.F. Austin
Evolvulus domingensis Spreng. ex Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 8:
Hewittia scandens (J. König ex Milne) Mabb., Taxon 29: 606. 1980.
72. 1837.
Hewittia sublobata (L. f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 441. 1891.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native and widespread in Old World.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John,
References: 2, 151.
St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica,
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Ipomoea acetosifolia (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. = Ipomoea imperati
St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia), Margarita, Trinidad, Mexico, Central (Vahl) Griseb.
America, and South America. Ipomoea aculeata (L.) Kuntze = Ipomoea alba L.
Common Names: Money-wort evolvulus (Bahamas), Aguinaldito de
sabana, Aguinaldito rastrero (Cuba), Tripita de pollo (Dominican Ipomoea acuminata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. = Ipomoea indica (Burm.
Republic), Petite véronique, Teigne, Ti teigne, Véronique, Véronique f.) Merr. var. acuminata (Vahl) Fosberg
bord de mer (Lesser Antilles), Agracejo rastrero (Puerto Rico). Ipomoea aegyptia L. = Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urb.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 131, 151, 301, 323, 340.
Ipomoea alba L., Sp. Pl. 161. 1753.
Evolvulus sericeus Sw., Prodr. 55. 1788. Calonyction aculeatum (L.) House, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 590.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Virgin 1904; Convolvulus aculeatus L., Sp. Pl. 161. 1753; Ipomoea
Islands (Anegada, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, aculeata (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 442. 1891.
Dominica, Guadeloupe, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Martin), Calonyction bona-nox (L.) Bojer, Hortus Maurit. 228. 1837; Ipomoea
Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central bona-nox L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 228. 1762.
America, and South America. Calonyction megalocarpum A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba,
Common Name: Herbe argentée (Lesser Antilles). Bot. 11: 129. 1850.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 151, 301, 323. Calonyction speciosum Choisy, Convolv. Orient. 59. 1833.
Evolvulus siliceus Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 36. Pharbitis calycosa A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
1917. 128. 1850.
Evolvulus arenicola Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
466. 1916. Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola),
number 9 8 • 239
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, potato (Lesser Antilles), Batata (Puerto Rico), Sweet potato (Virgin
St. Vincent), Trinidad, Central America, and South America. Islands).
Common Names: Moon-vine (Bahamas), Bejuco de la y, Flor de la y, References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 151, 159, 224, 301, 323.
Flor de la y blanca, Flor de la luna, Hi (Cuba), Estrella vespertina Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
(Dominican Republic), Moonflower, Night ipomoea (Jamaica), Ipomoea beyeriana Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 425. 1925.
Belle de nuit, Fleur de nuit, Liane blanche bord de mer, Liane Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
douce (Lesser Antilles), Bejuco de vaca, Claro de luna, Gloria de la References: 3, 30.
mañana blanca (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 141, 149, 150, 224, Ipomoea bona-nox L. = Ipomoea alba L.
301, 340, 430. Ipomoea buchii Urb. = Ipomoea clausa Rudolphi ex Ledeb.
Ipomoea caerulea Bello = Ipomoea meyeri (Spreng.) G. Don
Ipomoea alterniflora Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 202. 1866.
Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 287. 1826.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, and Lesser
Common Name: Aguinaldo de pinares (Cuba).
Antilles (Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe, St. Lucia); pantropical;
native range uncertain.
Ipomoea angulata Lam. = Ipomoea hederifolia L. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 150.
Ipomoea angustifolia Jacq. = Xenostegia tridentata (L.) D.F. Austin & Ipomoea calantha Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 202. 1866.
Staples Ipomoea carnea sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 295. 1881,
Ipomoea antillana Millsp. = Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf. non Jacq.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and South
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 44. 1775. America.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Common Name: Aguinaldo chamiso (Cuba).
Antilles (Guadeloupe), Trinidad, South America, Africa, Asia, References: 3, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 224, 340.
Malesia, and Australia. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 58, 159, 224, 301.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Ipomoea calophylla C. Wright ex Griseb. = Ipomoea lacteola House
Ipomoea arenaria (Choisy) Steud. = Ipomoea steudelii Millsp. Ipomoea carmesina Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 292. 1982.
Ipomoea arenaria sensu Urb. = Ipomoea eggersii (House) D.F. Austin Reference: 149.
Ipomoea argentifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. Ipomoea carnea sensu Bello = Ipomoea calantha Griseb.
11: 131. 1850.
Ipomoea praecox C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Ipomoea carnea Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 13. 1760, subsp. carnea
Habana 7: 46. 1870. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Rico, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St.
Common Name: Terciopelo solferino (Cuba). Martin), Aruba, Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, and Central
References: 3, 30, 351. America; native to South America.
Common Names: Campana (Dominican Republic), Batilla carnosa
Ipomoea arnoldsonii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 424. 1925. (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 1, 2, 7, 45, 61, 131, 132, 224, 323.
Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 251. 1819; Ipomoea carnea Jacq. subsp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) D.F. Austin,
Convolvulus asarifolius Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: Taxon 26: 237. 1977; Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy in
562. 1792. A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 349. 1845.
Ipomoea nymphaeifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 203. 1866. Ipomoea crassicaulis (Benth.) B.L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 51:
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. 530. 1916.
Lucia), Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Common Name: Bejuco buniatillo (Cuba). Islands (St. Croix, St. John, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles
References: 1, 2, 3, 132, 150, 159. (Guadeloupe, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin); native to
Ipomoea balioclada Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 245. 1924. Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Aguinaldo color de carne (Cuba), Campana
References: 3, 30. (Dominican Republic), Clochette (Haiti), Ológi di anochi, Petite
campanule (Lesser Antilles).
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 465. 1793; Convolvulus
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 58, 150, 151, 159, 224, 349.
batatas L., Sp. Pl. 154. 1753.
Batatas edulis Choisy, Convolv. Orient. 53. 1834.
Distribution: Cultivated worldwide; native to the New World tropics, Ipomoea carnosa R. Br. = Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb.
occurring in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Ipomoea carolina L., Sp. Pl. 160. 1753.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, Tortola, Virgin Ipomoea yamuriensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 247. 1924.
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Lucia), Margarita, Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and North America.
Tobago, Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central America, and Common Name: Bejuco de indio (Cuba).
South America. References: 3, 30, 45, 132.
Common Names: Sweet-potato (Bahamas), Boniato, Buniato (Cuba),
Batata, Batate (Dominican Republic), Patate, Patate des jardins, Ipomoea carolina sensu Griseb., non L. = Ipomoea tenuifolia (Vahl) Urb.
Patate douce (Haiti), Sweet potato (Jamaica), Patate douce, Sweet Ipomoea cathartica Poir. = Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. var. indica
Ipomoea cissoides (Lam.) Griseb. = Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Ipomoea eggersii (House) D.F. Austin, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 64:
Hallier f. 335. 1978 [“1977”]; Exogonium eggersii House, Bull. Torrey Bot.
Club 35: 104. 1908.
Ipomoea clarensis Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22:
Ipomoea arenaria sensu Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 508. 1910, non Steud.
121. 1955.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico (Culebra,
Vieques), Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola,
References: 3, 152.
Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, St. Martin).
Ipomoea clausa Rudolphi ex Ledeb. in C.F. Ledebour & J.P. Alderstam, Common Name: Jumby potato (Lesser Antilles).
Diss. Bot. Pl. Doming. 14. 1805. References: 1, 19, 32, 61, 156.
Ipomoea buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 356. 1903.
Ipomoea eriosperma Urb. = Ipomoea desrousseauxii Steud.
Ipomoea hospitalis Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 102. 1930.
Ipomoea hotteana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 103. 1930. Ipomoea erosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 425. 1925.
Ipomoea pitoniana Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 10. 1927. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Ipomoea samanensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 343. 1924. References: 3, 30.
Ipomoea selleana Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 11. 1927. Ipomoea excisa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 246. 1924.
Ipomoea viridiflora Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 348. 1902. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 7, 30, 149, 244, 430. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Ipomoea caerulea Bello = Ipomoea meyeri (Spreng.) G. Don Cuba (39).
Ipomoea cordatotriloba Dennst., Nomencl. Bot. 246. 1810. Ipomoea falkioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 206. 1866.
Ipomoea trichocarpa Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2(3): 260. 1823. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Naturalized in Cuba and Jamaica; native to North Reference: 3.
America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Ipomoea fastigiata (Roxb.) Sweet = Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy
References: 2, 3, 159, 224, 430.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Ipomoea filicaulis (Vahl) Blume = Xenostegia tridentata (L.) D.F. Austin
& Staples
Ipomoea crassicaulis (Benth.) B.L. Rob. = Ipomoea carnea Jacq. subsp.
fistulosa (Choisy) D.F. Austin Ipomoea filiformis Jacq. = Jacquemontia solanifolia (L.) Hallier f.
Ipomoea cubensis (House) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 356. 1908; Ipomoea fimbriosepala Choisy, Prodr. 9: 359. 1845.
Exogonium cubense House, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 105. 1908. Ipomoea pinosia Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 13: 60. 1956.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Mexico, and South America; native to
References: 3, 30, 151, 152, 156. Africa, Asia, and Malesia.
Ipomoea curtissii House = Ipomoea ochracea (Lindl.) G. Don
Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy = Ipomoea carnea Jacq. subsp.
Ipomoea cyanantha Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 469. 1862. fistulosa (Choisy) D.F. Austin
Ipomoea plicata Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 471. 1908.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Ipomoea flavopurpurea Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 345. 1902.
References: 2, 30, 36, 151, 156, 430. Ipomoea punctata C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Habana 7: 44. 1870.
Ipomoea dactylophylla Griseb. = Ipomoea subrevoluta Choisy Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Ipomoea dajabonensis Alain, Anales Acad. Ci. Republ. Dominicana, References: 3, 30, 39, 74.
Bot. 3: 68. 1978. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Reference: 7. Ipomoea fuchsioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 205. 1866.
Ipomoea desrousseauxii Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 816. 1840. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Ipomoea eriosperma (Desr.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 351. 1902. References: 3, 124.
Ipomoea leuconeura Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 350. 1902. Ipomoea furcyensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 351. 1902.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Convolvulus macrorhizos L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 923. 1759; Ipomoea
Common Names: Batata zambomba, Batata zandumbia (Dominican macrorhiza (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 211. 1819, nom. illeg.
Republic). Ipomoea plumieriana House, Bot. Gaz. 43: 413. 1907.
Ipomoea digitata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 924. 1759. Common Names: Coronita (Dominican Republic), Liane à minguet
Ipomoea rubrocincta Urb. var. rubrocincta, Symb. Antill. 3: 347. 1902. (Haiti).
Ipomoea rubrocincta Urb. var. brachyloba Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 341. References: 7, 30, 123, 151, 430.
1912. Ipomoea gracilis sensu House, non R. Br. = Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.)
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Choisy
References 7, 30, 151, 159, 301, 309, 430.
Ipomoea grisebachii Urb. = Ipomoea rubella House
Ipomoea discoidesperma Donn. Sm. = Merremia discoidesperma
(Donn. Sm.) O’Donell Ipomoea hamiltonii G. Don = Operculina hamiltonii (G. Don) D.F.
Austin & Staples
Ipomoea dissecta (Jacq.) Pursh = Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f.
Ipomoea hederacea Jacq., Collectanea 1: 124. 1787 [“1786”].
Ipomoea domingensis (Desr.) House = Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf. Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America, Mexico, Central
Ipomoea eggersiana Peter = Ipomoea steudelii Millsp. America, and South America; exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola.
number 9 8 • 241
Common Name: Gloria de la mañana (Cuba). Common Names: Boniato de playa (Cuba), Batatilla (Dominican
References: 3, 7, 28, 45, 150, 151. Republic), Liseron blanc (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 3, 4, 7, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 151, 152, 301, 340, 430.
Ipomoea hederifolia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 925. 1759.
Ipomoea angulata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 464. 1793. Ipomoea incerta (Britton) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 247. 1924; Exogonium
Quamoclit coccinea sensu Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 514. 1910, and sensu incertum Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 94. 1920.
Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 108. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
1925, non (L.) Moench. References: 3, 30, 156.
Mina coccinea Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 294. 1881, nom. Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.) Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amboin. 445. 1917,
nud. var. indica; Convolvulus indicus Burm., Herb. Amboin. Auctuar. 7
Mina hederifolia Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 294. 1881, nom. (Index Universalis): 6. 1755.
nud. Ipomoea cathartica Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, 4: 633. 1816; Pharbitis cathartica (Poir.) Choisy in A.L.P.P. de
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Candolle, Prodr. 9: 342. 1845.
Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Distribution: Pantropical; native to Puerto Rico, Margarita, Mexico,
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, Central America, South America, and the Indo-Pacific region.
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Trinidad, North References: 32, 564.
Common Names: Manto de la virgen (Cuba), Cambustera (Dominican Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. var. acuminata (Vahl) Fosberg, Bot.
Republic), Bejuco de tabaco (Haiti), Liseron hallier, Liseron rouge Not. 129: 38. 1976; Convolvulus acuminatus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3:
(Lesser Antilles), Cambustera (Puerto Rico). 26. 1794; Ipomoea acuminata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 159, 224, 301, 4: 228. 1819.
323, 430. Convolvulus portoricensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 595. 1824
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. [“1825”]; Ipomoea portoricensis (Spreng.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4:
278. 1837-1838.
Ipomoea heptaphylla (Rottl. & Willd.) Voigt = Ipomoea wrightii A. Gray Ipomoea cathartica sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
Ipomoea hispaniolae (Spreng.) G. Don = Merremia quinquefolia (L.) Virgin Islands 6: 112. 1925.
Hallier f. Ipomoea vahliana House, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 18: 204. 1908.
Ipomoea villosa sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 352. 1920, non
Ipomoea horsfalliae Hook., Bot. Mag. 61: t. 3315. 1834.
Meisn. nor Ruiz & Pav.
Ipomoea pendula sensu Choisy in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 387.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Puerto
1845, non R. Br.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola),
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles
Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Vincent),
(Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia); native to South America.
and Old World.
Common Names: Liane rouge à tonnelle (Lesser Antilles), Campanitas
Common Names: Morning glory (Bahamas), Bejuco de batata, Bejuco
de coral (Puerto Rico).
de puerco, Campanitas, Estrella vespertina (Dominican Republic),
References: 1, 2, 32, 30, 32, 58, 61, 131, 159.
Bois patate marron, Liane manger cocho, Liane purgante, Liane
Ipomoea hospitalis Urb. = Ipomoea clausa Rudolphi ex Ledeb. & purgative, Mange cochon, Manger cochon, Patate marron, Patate
Alderstam sauvage, Rue purgante (Haiti), Liane douse, Lyenn dous, Patate
Ipomoea hotteana Urb. & Ekman = Ipomoea clausa Rudolphi ex marron (Lesser Antilles), Bejuco de gloria (Puerto Rico).
Ledeb. & Alderstam References: 1, 4, 7, 19, 30, 32, 35, 58, 61, 75, 123, 151, 152, 323, 340,
430, 564.
Ipomoea hypargyrea Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 204. 1866, var. hypargyrea
Ipomoea platyclada Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 245. 1924. Ipomoea jalapoides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 202. 1866.
Ipomoea hypargyrea Griseb. var. baracoensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: Ipomoea jamaicensis G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 278. 1837-1838;
245. 1924. Convolvulus jamaicensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 595.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 1824 [“1825”]; Pharbitis jamaicensis (G. Don) Gibert, Enum. Pl.
References: 3, 30. Montev. 28. 1873; Pharbitis jamaicensis Peter in H.G.A. Engler &
K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 32. 1891.
Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 203. 1866; Convolvulus Ipomoea jamaicensis G. Don var. glabrata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 474.
imperati Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 17. 1790. 1862.
Convolvulus auritus Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 301. 1819. Convolvulus tomentosus L., Sp. Pl. 156. 1753; Ipomoea tomentosa (L.)
Ipomoea acetosifolia (Vahl) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 247. Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 344. 1902.
1819; Convolvulus acetosifolius Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 18. 1797 Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
[“1796”]. References: 2, 30, 151, 152.
Ipomoea carnosa R. Br., Prodr. 485. 1810.
Ipomoea littoralis (L.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 112. 1879; Convolvulus Ipomoea jamaicensis G. Don var. glabrata Griseb. = Ipomoea
littoralis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 924. 1759. jamaicensis G. Don
Ipomoea stolonifera Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 20. 1804. Ipomoea krugii Urb. = Ipomoea triloba L.
Ipomoea stolonifera J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 1: 345. 1796.
Ipomoea lachnaea Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 29. 1822.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles
Reference: 7.
(Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago,
Trinidad, and North America. Ipomoea lacteola House, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 18: 229. 1908.
Ipomoea calophylla Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 204. 1866. Ipomoea nematoloba Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 349. 1902.
Common Name: Terciopelo de monte (Cuba). References: 7, 30.
References: 3, 124, 149. Ipomoea nematophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 473. 1908.
Ipomoea lacunosa L., Sp. Pl. 161. 1753. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to the southeastern United Reference: 7.
States. Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth, Catal. Bot. 1: 36. 1797; Convolvulus nil L.,
References: 2, 159. Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 219. 1762; Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy in A.L.P.P. de
Ipomoea leuconeura Urb. = Ipomoea desrousseauxii Steud. Candolle, Prodr. 9: 342. 1845.
Distribution: Pantropical; occurring in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Ipomoea lindmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 248. 1924.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
References: 3, 30.
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
Ipomoea lineolata Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 355. 1903. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and Trinidad.
References: 2, 30. Common Names: Aguinaldo azul claro, Aguinaldo violaceo, Manto
Ipomoea littoralis (L.) Boiss. = Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb. de la virgen (Cuba), Campana (Dominican Republic), Kaladana
(Jamaica), Liseron bleu, Liseron hallier (Lesser Antilles), Bejuco de
Ipomoea luteoviridis Ekman & Leonard, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. vaca (Puerto Rico).
24: 11. 1927. References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61, 132, 159, 224, 301.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
References: 7, 151.
Ipomoea nymphaeifolia Griseb. = Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. &
Ipomoea macrantha Roem. & Schult. = Ipomoea violacea L. Schult.
Ipomoea macrorhiza (L.) Roem. & Schult. = Ipomoea furcyensis Urb. Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg. 3: t. 239. 1817;
Ipomoea macrorhiza sensu Griseb., non (L.) Roem. & Schult. = Convolvulus obscurus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 220. 1762.
Ipomoea rubella House Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Lesser Antilles
(Antigua, Barbados, Marie Galante, St. Lucia); native to Africa,
Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq., Collectanea 4: 216. 1791 [“1790”].
Asia, Malesia, and Pacific region.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Martinique, St.
Vincent ) and Trinidad; native to northern South America;
introduced in Old World. Ipomoea obtusata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 202. 1866.
Common Names: Batata zambomba, Batata zamdumbia (Dominican Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Republic). References: 3, 124.
References: 1, 7, 151, 301, 309, 430. Ipomoea ochracea (Lindl.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 270. 1837-1838;
Ipomoea merremioides Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 13: 8. 1956. Convolvulus ochraceus Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 13: t. 1060.
References: 3, 149. Ipomoea ochracea (Lindl.) G. Don var. curtissii (House) Stearn, Proc.
Linn. Soc. London 170: 145. 1959; Ipomoea curtissii House, Ann.
Ipomoea meyeri (Spreng.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 275. 1837-1838;
New York Acad. Sci. 18: 257. 1908.
Convolvulus meyeri Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 597. 1824
Ipomoea ochroleuca sensu authors, non Spanoghe
[“1825”].
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
Convolvulus cuspidatus Willd. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 697.
Croix, St. John), and Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia); native to Africa.
1824 [“1825”].
References: 2, 3, 19, 32, 58, 152, 223, 224, 430.
Ipomoea caerulea Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 296. 1881, non
Koenig
Ipomoea portoricensis sensu House, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 18: Ipomoea ochracea (Lindl.) G. Don var. curtissii (House) Stearn =
208. 1908, non G. Don. Ipomoea ochracea (Lindl.) G. Don
Ipomoea purpurea sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 473. 1862, non Lam. Ipomoea palustris Urb. = Ipomoea setifera Poir.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad,
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Ipomoea passifloroides House, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 18: 230.
References: 2, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 151, 152, 301, 340. 1908.
Ipomoea microdactyla Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 204. 1866; Exogonium References: 3, 40.
microdactylum (Griseb.) House, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 102.
1908; Ipomoea repanda Jacq. var. microdactyla (Griseb.) D.A. Ipomoea pendula sensu Choisy = Ipomoea horsfalliae Hook.
Powell, J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 259. 1979. Ipomoea pentaphylla Jacq. = Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urb.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and United States
Ipomoea perichnoa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 426. 1925.
(FL).
Common Name: Wild potato (Bahamas).
References: 3, 30.
References: 3, 32, 45, 58, 149, 150.
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. in J.H. Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire 477.
Ipomoea montecristina Hadač, Folia Geobot. & Phytotax., Praha 5:
1818; Convolvulus pes-caprae L., Sp. Pl. 159. 1753.
430. 1970.
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. subsp. brasiliensis (L.) Ooststr., Blumea
3: 533. 1940.
number 9 8 • 243
Distribution: Pantropical; in the New World occurs in Bahamas, Convolvulus pennatus Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 567.
Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin 1792; Quamoclit pennata (Desr.) Bojer, Hortus Maurit. 224. 1837.
Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, Quamoclit vulgaris Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 434. 1833.
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Distribution: Pantropical; in the West Indies, occurs in Bahamas,
Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles
St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central Marie Galante, Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St.
America, and South America. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago and Trinidad.
Common Names: Bay hops, Bay winders (Bahamas), Boniato de playa Common Names: Cambustera, Cambustera de hojas anchas,
(Cuba), Batatilla, Patate lan mer (Dominican Republic), Patate Cambustera de hojas menudas, Cambustera fina, Cambutera,
marrón (Haiti), Bejuco de playa (Puerto Rico). Gambutera (Cuba), Cambustera, Estrella del son (Dominican
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 32, 35, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 151, 159, 301, Republic), Cheveux de Vénus (Haiti), Cheveux de Vénus, Goutte
323, 340. de sang, Herbe à éternuer, Liane rouge, Lin, Regadero, Sweet
william, Sweet willy (Lesser Antilles), Bejuco de ciprés, Bejuco de
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. subsp. brasiliensis (L.) Ooststr. =
coral, Cambustera (Puerto Rico).
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 28, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 151, 159, 224, 301,
Ipomoea philomega (Vell.) House, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 18: 340.
246. 1908; Convolvulus philomega Vell., Fl. Flumin. 74. 1829 Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
[“1825”].
Ipomoea quinquefolia L. = Merremia quinquefolia (L.) Hallier f.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Ipomoea racemosa Poir. = Turbina racemosa (Poir.) D.F. Austin
Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Ipomoea radicans Bertero ex Choisy = Ipomoea wrightii A. Gray
Common Name: Patate marron (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 7, 301. Ipomoea ramonii Choisy = Ipomoea trifida (Kunth) G. Don
Ipomoea pinosia Alain = Ipomoea fimbriosepala Choisy Ipomoea repanda Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 13. 1760; Exogonium
repandum (Jacq.) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 8: 128. 1838.
Ipomoea pitoniana Urb. = Ipomoea clausa Rudolphi ex Ledeb. & Distribution: Endemic to the West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto
Alderstam Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles
Ipomoea platyclada Urb. = Ipomoea hypargyrea Griseb. (Antigua, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and Tobago.
Ipomoea plicata Urb. = Ipomoea cyanantha Griseb.
Common Names: Capi, Fleur rouge bois, Liane patate, Patate grand
Ipomoea plumieriana House = Ipomoea furcyensis Urb. bois, Patate rouge bord de mer (Lesser Antilles), Bejuco colorado
Ipomoea polyanthes Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Merremia umbellata (Puerto Rico).
(L.) Hallier f. References: 1, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61, 301.
Ipomoea portoricensis sensu House, non G. Don. = Ipomoea meyeri Ipomoea repanda Jacq. var. microdactyla (Griseb.) D.A. Powell =
(Spreng.) G. Don Ipomoea microdactyla Griseb.
Ipomoea portoricensis (Spreng.) G. Don = Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.) Ipomoea robusta Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 424. 1925.
Merr. var. acuminata (Vahl) Fosberg Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 30.
Ipomoea praecox C. Wright = Ipomoea argentifolia A. Rich.
Ipomoea rubella House, Bot. Gaz. 43: 414. 1907.
Ipomoea praematura Eckenw., Brittonia 41: 75. 1989. Ipomoea grisebachii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 353. 1903.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada) and South America. Ipomoea macrorhiza sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 471. 1862, non (L.)
References: 1, 152, 156. Roem. & Schult.
Ipomoea pulchella sensu Griseb., non Roth = Ipomoea wrightii A. Gray Ipomoea pulchella sensu Hook., Bot. Mag. 73: t. 4305. 1847, non
Roth.
Ipomoea pulchella sensu Hook., non Roth = Ipomoea rubella House
Ipomoea punctata C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle = Ipomoea flavopurpurea References: 2, 30, 149, 151, 430.
Urb.
Ipomoea rubra (Vahl) Millsp. = Ipomoea setifera Poir.
Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth, Bot. Abh. Beobacht. 27. 1787;
Ipomoea rubra (Vahl) Millsp. var. alboflavida Urb. = Ipomoea setifera
Convolvulus purpureus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 219. 1762.
Poir.
Distribution: Pantropical; exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola); origin probably Ipomoea rubra (Vahl) Millsp. var. palustris Urb. = Ipomoea setifera
from the Neotropics. Poir.
Common Names: Aguinaldo purpúreo, Maravilla de España (Cuba), Ipomoea rubrocincta Urb. var. rubrocincta = Ipomoea digitata L.
Liane médecine (Haiti).
References: 3, 7, 32, 58, 132, 159, 224, 340. Ipomoea rubrocincta Urb. var. brachyloba Urb. = Ipomoea digitata L.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Ipomoea rudolphii Roem. & Schult. = Turbina racemosa (Poir.) D.F.
Ipomoea purpurea sensu Griseb., non Lam. = Ipomoea meyeri (Spreng.) Austin
G. Don Ipomoea sagittata Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 122. 1789.
Ipomoea quamoclit L., Sp. Pl. 159. 1753; Quamoclit quamoclit (L.) Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, North
Britton, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 3: 22. 1898. America, and Old World.
Common Names: Aguinaldo rosado, Campanilla de agua (Cuba). Ipomoea carolina sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 470. 1862, non L.
References: 2, 3, 7, 45, 159. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Ipomoea samanensis Urb. = Ipomoea clausa Rudolphi ex Ledeb. &
Alderstam Ipomoea tenuissima Choisy in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 376. 1847.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and United States (FL, state
Ipomoea saxicola Proctor = Ipomoea ternata Jacq.
endangered); probably exotic in Puerto Rico.
Ipomoea selleana Urb. = Ipomoea clausa Rudolphi ex Ledeb. References: 3, 7, 32, 58, 61, 150.
Ipomoea sericantha sensu A. Stahl = Xenostegia tridentata (L.) D.F. Ipomoea ternata Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 16. 1797.
Austin & Staples Ipomoea saxicola Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 292. 1982.
Ipomoea setifera Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 17. 1804. Ipomoea thomsoniana Mast., Gard. Chron. 20: 818. 1883.
Convolvulus ruber Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 12. 1798; Ipomoea rubra Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
(Vahl) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(1): 86. References: 2, 30, 149, 430.
1900. Ipomoea thomsoniana Mast. = Ipomoea ternata Jacq.
Ipomoea palustris (Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 423. 1925; Ipomoea
Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 375.
rubra (Vahl) Millsp. var. palustris Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 345.
1845; Convolvulus tiliaceus Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 203. 1809.
1902.
Convolvulus fastigiatus Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 13. 1824; Ipomoea
Ipomoea rubra (Vahl) Millsp. var. alboflavida Urb., Symb. Antill. 3:
fastigiata (Roxb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 288. 1826.
345. 1902.
Ipomoea gracilis sensu House, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 18: 248.
1908, non R. Br.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles
(Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St. John,
Trinidad, Central America, and South America.
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Common Names: Calzoncillo grande (Dominican Republic), Coudrel,
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie
Liane à faux, Liane douce, Patat mawon, Patate marron (Lesser
Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St.
Antilles), Bejuco de puerco, Gloria de la mañana silvestre (Puerto
Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, North America,
Rico).
Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World.
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 75, 151, 301, 430.
Common Names: Bejuco lechoso, Marrullero (Cuba), Batatillo, Bejuco
Ipomoea sinuata Ortega = Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f. de puerco, Bejuco de tabaco, Guatabo, Guatavo (Dominican
Ipomoea solanifolia L. = Jacquemontia solanifolia (L.) Hallier f. Republic), Wild potato, Wild slip (Jamaica), Caapi, Hogmeat,
Liane douce, Patate à cochon, Patate bâtard, Patate marron, Patate
Ipomoea sphenophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 474. 1908. sauvage, Wild potato, Wild slip, Wild potato vine (Lesser Antilles),
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Eustatius). Bejuco de puerco (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 30. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132,
Ipomoea spiralis House = Ipomoea wrightii A. Gray 301, 340.
Ipomoea squamosa Choisy in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 376. 1845. Ipomoea tomentosa (L.) Urb. = Ipomoea jamaicensis G. Don var.
Ipomoea trinitensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 346. 1902. jamaicensis
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, Ipomoea trichocarpa Elliott = Ipomoea cordatotrilobata Dennst.
and South America.
References: 7, 30, 301, 430. Ipomoea tricolor Cav., Icon. 3: 5. 1794 [“1795”].
Ipomoea violacea sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 469. 1862, non L.
Ipomoea steudelii Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(1): Distribution: Pantropical; in the West Indies occurs in Hispaniola,
86. 1900. Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), and
Exogonium arenarium Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 8: 129. 1838; Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Saba, St. Martin); probably
Ipomoea arenaria (Choisy) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 815. of Neotropical origin.
1841. Common Names: Ferrocarril (Dominican Republic), Liane douce
Exogonium pedatum sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 295. (Lesser Antilles).
1881, non Choisy. References: 1, 7, 19, 30, 32, 58, 61, 159.
Ipomoea eggersiana Peter in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 30. 1891. Ipomoea trifida (Kunth) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 280. 1837-1838;
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Convolvulus trifidus Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Tortola, Virgin Gorda). Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 107. 1819.
References: 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 151, 152, 340. Ipomoea ramonii Choisy, Prodr. 9: 380. 1845.
Ipomoea stolonifera J.F. Gmel. = Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb. America.
Ipomoea stolonifera Poir. = Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb. References: 3, 151, 152.
Ipomoea subrevoluta Choisy, Prodr. 9: 386. 1845. Ipomoea triloba L., Sp. Pl. 161. 1753.
Ipomoea dactylophylla Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 203. 1866. Ipomoea krugii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 472. 1908.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, and South America. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
References: 3, 124, 301, 430. Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
Ipomoea tamnifolia L. = Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb.
Barbados, Guadeloupe, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts,
Ipomoea tenuifolia (Vahl) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 472. 1908; St. Lucia), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Tobago, Trinidad, North
Convolvulus tenuifolius Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 33. 1794. America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
number 9 8 • 245
Common Names: Aguinaldo de Pascua, Aguinaldo marrullero, Jacquemontia agrestis Meisn. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 7: 306.
Aguinaldo rosado, Bejuco caracol, Bejuco de manteca, Bejuco 1869.
de puerco, Bejuco marrullero, Caracol de cerca, Caracol real, Jacquemontia diantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 243. 1924.
Marrullero (Cuba), Liane purgative, Petite liane douce, Petite Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
patate marron (Lesser Antilles), Bejuquillo de puerco (Puerto References: 3, 30.
Rico). Jacquemontia apocynoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) Urb. = Jacquemontia
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 301, 254. sphaerostigma (Cav.) Rusby
Ipomoea trinitensis Urb. = Ipomoea squamosa Choisy Jacquemontia cayensis Britton in N.L. Britton & C.F. Millspaugh,
Ipomoea tuba (Schltdl.) G. Don = Ipomoea violacea L. Bahama Fl. 349. 1920.
Ipomoea tuberosa L. = Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle
Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada), and Lesser
Ipomoea turbinata Lag. ex Choisy in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbuda, St. Barthélemy).
345. 1847. References: 1, 3, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 149.
Distribution: Pantropical; in the West Indies occurs in Lesser Antilles
Jacquemontia cumanensis (Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 441.
(St. Eustatius), Bonaire, and Curaçao.
1891; Convolvulus cumanensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt,
Common Name: Lilac bell (Lesser Antilles).
A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 99.
References: 1, 159.
1819.
Ipomoea umbellata (L.) G. Mey. = Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f. Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St.
Ipomoea vahliana House = Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. var. Indica John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (St. Martin), Bonaire,
Curaçao, Margarita, and South America.
Ipomoea verticillata L. = Jacquemontia verticillata (L.) Urb. var. References: 1, 19, 32, 58, 323, 151.
verticillata
Jacquemontia diantha Urb. = Jacquemontia agrestis Meisn.
Ipomoea villosa sensu Britton & Millsp. = Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.)
Merr. var. Indica Jacquemontia ekmanii O’ Donnell, Lilloa 23: 462. 1950.
Ipomoea violacea L., Sp. Pl. 161. 1753. Reference: 7.
Convolvulus grandiflorus Jacq., Hort. Bot. Vindob. 3: 39. 1776.
Convolvulus tuba Schltdl., Linnaea 6: 735. 1831; Calonyction tuba Jacquemontia elongata Britton = Jacquemontia pentanthos (Jacq.)
(Schltdl.) Colla, Linnaea 6: 735. 1831; Ipomoea tuba (Schltdl.) G. Don
G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 271. 1837-1838. Jacquemontia havanensis (Jacq.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 342. 1902;
Ipomoea macrantha Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 251. 1819. Convolvulus havanensis Jacq., Observ. Bot. 2: 25. 1767.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Convolvulus frondosus Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 303.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, 1819.
St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Grenadines, Convolvulus jamaicensis Jacq., Observ. Bot. 3: 6. 1768; Jacquemontia
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, jamaicensis (Jacq.) Hallier f. ex Soler., Syst. Anat. Dicot. 641. 1899.
St. Vincent), Aruba, Curaçao, Tobago, Trinidad, North America, Convolvulus jamaicensis Jacq. var. major A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra,
Mexico, South America, and Old World. Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 134. 1850.
Common Names: Moon-vine (Bahamas), Ferrocarril (Dominican Convolvulus obtusifolius Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 35. 1893.
Republic), Belle de nuit, Fleur de nuit, Liane blanche bord de mer, Convolvulus ruderarius Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Liane douce, Sultane grande (Lesser Antilles). Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 96. 1818.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 151, 301, 430. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Ipomoea violacea sensu Griseb., non L. = Ipomoea tricolor Cav. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John,
Ipomoea viridiflora Urb. = Ipomoea clausa Rudolphi ex Ledeb. & Antigua, Barbuda), and North America.
Alderstam Common Names: Campanitas (Dominican Republic), Aguinaldo de
Ipomoea walpersiana Duchass. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 345. 1902. costa (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe). References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 77, 123, 131,
References: 1, 30. 150, 151.
Ipomoea wrightii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 213. 1878. Jacquemontia jamaicensis (Jacq.) Hallier f. ex Soler. = Jacquemontia
Convolvulus heptaphyllus Rottler & Willd., Ges. Naturf. Freunde havanensis (Jacq.) Urb.
Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 196. 1803; Ipomoea heptaphylla (Rottl. Jacquemontia nipensis Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey”
& Willd.) Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 360. 1845. 22: 120. 1955.
Ipomoea pulchella sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 470. 1862, non Roth. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Ipomoea radicans Bertero ex Choisy in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: Reference: 3.
387. 1845.
Ipomoea spiralis House, Muhlenbergia 3: 40. 1907. Jacquemontia nodiflora (Desr.) G. Don = Convolvulus nodiflorus Desr.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Jacquemontia obocordata (Millsp.) House = Jacquemontia ovalifolia
(Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and (Vahl) Hallier f. subsp. obcordata (Millsp.) K.R. Robertson
South America.
Jacquemontia ovalifolia (Vahl) Hallier f. subsp. obcordata (Millsp.)
Common Names: Patate marron (Lesser Antilles), Coral de sabana
K.R. Robertson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61: 508. 1974;
(Puerto Rico).
Convolvulus obcordatus Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus.,
References: 1, 3, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 150, 151, 340.
Bot. Ser. 2(1): 88. 1900; Jacquemontia obcordata (Millsp.) House,
Ipomoea yamuriensis Urb. = Ipomoea carolina L. New York State Mus. Bull. 233: 63. 1922.
Jacquemontia subsalina Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Jacquemontia tuerckheimii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 343. 1912.
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 106. 1925. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser References: 5, 7, 30.
Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, St. Barthélemy), Jacquemontia verticillata (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 339. 1902, var.
Mexico, and Central America. verticillata; Ipomoea verticillata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 924. 1759.
References: 1, 2, 7, 58, 61, 254. Convolvulus micranthus Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 276. 1819.
Jacquemontia pentanthos (Jacq.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 283. 1837- Convolvulus parviflorus Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 3:
1838; Convolvulus pentanthus Jacq., Collectanea 4: 210. 1791 556. 1792.
[“1790”]. Convolvulus plumieri Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 602. 1824
Convolvulus violaceus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 29. 1794; Jacquemontia [“1825”], as plumerii.
violacea (Vahl) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 8: 61. 1838. Convolvulus polycarpus Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Jacquemontia elongata Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 470. 1926. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 98. 1819.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba,
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Grenada,
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Grenadines, St. Vincent), and Trinidad.
Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Common Name: Aguinaldo rosado (Puerto Rico).
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 32, 45, 58, 131, 151.
Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Curaçao, Margarita, Jacquemontia violacea (Vahl) Choisy = Jacquemontia pentanthos (Jacq.)
Tobago, Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central America, and G. Don,
South America.
Common Names: Campanita azul, Campanitas (Dominican Republic), Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 505. 1910; Ipomoea
Calalou à dah, Liane bleue, Liseron bleu (Lesser Antilles), aegyptia L., Sp. Pl. 162. 1753.
Aguinaldo azul, Coquetitas (Puerto Rico). Convolvulus pentaphyllus L., Sp. Pl. 162. 1753; Ipomoea pentaphylla
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 151, 301, (L.) Jacq., Collectanea 2: 297. 1789 [“1788”]; Batatas pentaphylla
323, 340. (L.) Choisy, Convolv. Orient. 54. 1834.
Jacquemontia serpyliifolia (Kunth) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 341. 1902; Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola,
Convolvulus serpyliifolius Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica,
A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 95. Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
1818. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
Convolvulus valenzuelanus A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Vincent), Aruba, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico,
Bot. 11: 134. 1850. Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Aguinaldo velludo (Cuba), Liane poilue, Noyeaux
References: 3, 30, 151. (Lesser Antilles).
Jacquemontia solanifolia (L.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 542. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 150, 151, 301,
1893; Ipomoea solanifolia L., Sp. Pl. 161. 1753; Exogonium 323, 340.
solanifolium (L.) Britton, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 82. 1918. Merremia angustifolia (Jacq.) Hallier f. = Xenostegia tridentata (L.) D.F.
Ipomoea filiformis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 13. 1760; Exogonium Austin & Staples
filiforme (Jacq.) Choisy, Conv. Rar. 129. 1838.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 552. 1893;
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), Convolvulus cissoides Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 462. 1793; Ipomoea
and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, cissoides (Lam.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 473. 1862.
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola),
Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent). Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe), Margarita, Trinidad,
Common Name: Patate grand bois (Lesser Antilles). Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 1, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61, 75, 151, 340. References: 1, 3, 32, 58, 150, 301, 323, 224.
Jacquemontia sphaerostigma (Cav.) Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26:
151. 1899; Convolvulus sphaerostigma Cav., Icon. 5: 54. 1799. Merremia discoidesperma (Donn. Sm.) O’Donell, Lilloa 6: 495. 1941;
Jacquemontia apocynoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: Ipomoea discoidesperma Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. 14: 27. 1889.
560. 1921. Operculina populifolia Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 550. 1893.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America, and Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
South America. Common Name: Cacorne noir (Haiti).
Jacquemontia subsalina Britton = Jacquemontia obcordata (Millsp.)
House Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 552. 1893;
Convolvulus dissectus Jacq., Observ. Bot. 2: 4. 1767; Ipomoea
Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 474. 1862; dissecta (Jacq.) Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 145. 1813 [“1814”].
Ipomoea tamnifolia L., Sp. Pl. 162. 1753; Thyella tamnifolia (L.) Ipomoea sinuata Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 84. 1798.
Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 84. 1838. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Nevis, St. Vincent), Trinidad, North Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,
America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St.
Common Names: Aguinaldo azul (Cuba), Aguinaldo peludo (Puerto Rico). Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 301, 340.
number 9 8 • 247
Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central Common Names: Aguinaldo amarillo, Bejuco ahorca colono, Bejuco
America, and South America. jaibero (Cuba), Bejuco de tabaco, Campana amarilla (Dominican
Common Names: Noyau vine (Bahamas), Aguinaldo de almendras, Republic), Fleur patate jaune, Hog vine, Liane à berceau, Liane
Almendra amarga (Cuba), Almendrillo, Bejuco bochinche, Pasta à malingres, Liane à tonnelle, Liane-berceau, Liane douce jaune
de almendras, Patico pudin (Dominican Republic), Dandab, Liane (Lesser Antilles), Aguinaldo amarillo (Puerto Rico).
noyau (Haiti), Know you (Jamaica), Bini bini, Liane amande References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61, 75, 131, 151, 301, 323, 340.
amère, Liane à noyau, Liane noyau, Méné-vini, Nouyo, Pâte Mina coccinea Bello = Ipomoea hederifolia L.
d’amande, Sprain-bush (Lesser Antilles), Noyó (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 151, Mina hederifolia Bello = Ipomoea hederifolia L.
159, 224, 301, 323, 340, 430. Operculina alata (Ham.) Urb. = Operculina hamiltonii (G. Don) D.F.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Austin & Staples
Merremia glabra (Choisy) Hallier f. = Merremia macrocalyx (Ruiz & Operculina hamiltonii (G. Don) D.F. Austin & Staples, J. Arnold
Pav.) O’Donell Arbor. 64: 487. 1983; Ipomoea hamiltonii G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4:
Merremia hederacea (Burm. f.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 118. 1894. 268. 1837-1838.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Operculina alata (Ham.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 343. 1902.
and Trinidad; native to Africa, Asia, Malesia, and Australia. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
References: 1, 3, 159, 224, 301. St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, and
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. South America.
References: 1, 3, 7, 151, 224, 301.
Merremia macrocalyx (Ruiz & Pav.) O’Donell, Lilloa 6: 506. 1941; Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Convolvulus macrocalyx Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 10. 1799.
Merremia glabra (Choisy) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 552. 1893. Operculina leptoptera Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 342. 1902.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Trinidad, Central America, and Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique).
References: 5, 7, 151, 301. Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 343. 1902;
Merremia quinquefolia (L.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 552. 1893; Convolvulus macrocarpus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 923. 1759.
Ipomoea quinquefolia L., Sp. Pl. 162. 1753; Batatas quinquefolia Convolvulus operculatus M. Gómez, Mem. Math. Phis. Acad. Real Sci.
(L.) Choisy, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 552. 1893. Lisboa 3 (Mem. Corresp.): 27. 1812.
Convolvulus domingensis Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 29. 1822. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique)
Ipomoea hispaniolae (Spreng.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 280. 1837-1838. and South America.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin References: 1, 3, 30.
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Operculina pinnatifida (Kunth) O’Donell, Lilloa 23: 432. 1950;
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Convolvulus pinnatifidus Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt,
Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia), Mexico, Central America, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 108.
and South America. 1819.
Common Names: Rock rosemary (Bahamas), Campanita blanca, Viní- Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, United States (TX), and Central America.
viní (Dominican Republic), Rock rosemary (Jamaica), Patate References: 3, 224.
marron (Lesser Antilles), Batilla blanca (Puerto Rico). Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 150, 152, 340.
Operculina populifolia Hallier f. = Merremia discoidesperma (Donn.
Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle in D. Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(2): 104. Sm.) O’Donell
1905; Ipomoea tuberosa L., Sp. Pl. 160. 1753; Operculina
Operculina triquetra (Vahl) Hallier f. = Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva
tuberosa (L.) Meisn. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 7: 212. 1869.
Manso var. turpethum
Distribution: Pantropical; exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John), Lesser Operculina tuberosa (L.) Meisn. = Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle
Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), and Margarita; Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso, Enum. Subst. Braz.16. 1836,
native to Mexico and Central America. var. turpethum; Convolvulus turpethum L., Sp. Pl. 155. 1753.
Common Names: Wood-rose (Bahamas), Bejuco de indio, Flor de Convolvulus triqueter Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 30. 1793; Operculina
madera, Indio trepador, Rosa de madera (Cuba), Ferrocarril triquetra (Vahl) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 120. 1894.
(Haiti), Wood rose (Jamaica), Bois patate, Liane à courtine, Liane Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St.
à tonnelle, Liane jaune, Rose de Jèricho (Lesser Antilles), Batilla John, St. Thomas); native to Africa, Asia, Malesia, Australia, and
ventruda, Ferrocarril, Rosa de palo (Puerto Rico). Pacific region.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61, 224, 323. References: 32, 58, 61, 151.
Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso var. ventricosa (Bertero) G.W.
Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 552. 1893; Staples & D.F. Austin, Brittonia 33: 595. 1981; Convolvulus
Convolvulus umbellatus L., Sp. Pl. 155. 1753; Ipomoea umbellata ventricosus Bertero, Hortus Ripul. 37. 1824; Operculina
(L.) G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 99. 1818. ventricosa (Bertero) Peter in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat.
Ipomoea polyanthes Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 234. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 32. 1891.
1819. Argyreia tiliifolia sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 145. 1888,
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, non (Desr.) Wight.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Croix, St. Thomas), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe,
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Martin); native to Africa,
St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Asia, Malesia, Australia, and Pacific region.
Common Names: Hoofdpijnblad, Liane blanche, Liane bord de mer, Convolvulus domingensis Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 3:
Liane d’argent, Liane serpent (Lesser Antilles). 554. 1792; Ipomoea domingensis (Desr.) House, Muhlenbergia
References: 1, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 151, 301. 3: 38. 1907; Quamoclit domingensis (Desr.) M. Gómez, Fl.
Habanera 345. 1897.
Operculina ventricosa (Bertero) Peter = Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva
Ipomoea antillana Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(1):
Manso var. ventricosa (Bertero) G.W. Staples & D.F. Austin
84. 1900.
Pharbitis calycosa A. Rich. = Ipomoea alba L. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Pharbitis cathartica (Poir.) Choisy = Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
var. indica Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Lucia),
Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Pharbitis jamaicensis (G. Don) Gibert = Ipomoea jamaicensis G. Don Common Names: Christmas-flower, Christmas-vine (Bahamas), Bejuco
var. jamaicensis de giminí, Bejuco de gimirú, Campanilla, Aguinaldo, Jimirú
Pharbitis jamaicensis Peter = Ipomoea jamaicensis G. Don var. (Cuba), Aguinaldo, Batatilla, Bejuco de campanitas, Bejuco de
jamaicensis pascuas, Campanitas, Pascua (Dominican Republic), Fleur de
Noël, Liane blanche, Marie-Claude (Haiti), Christmas pops
Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy = Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth
(Jamaica), Christmas wreath (Lesser Antilles), Aguinaldo, Corona
Porana paniculata Roxb. = Poranopsis paniculata (Roxb.) Roberty de novia (Puerto Rico).
Poranopsis paniculata (Roxb.) Roberty, Candollea 14: 26. 1952; References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 131, 150, 151, 152, 224, 231,
Porana paniculata Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 3: 31. 1819. 301, 460.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Islands (Tortola), and Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia); native to Asia. Turbina racemosa (Poir.) D.F. Austin, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 64:
Common Names: Velo de novia (Dominican Republic), Perles de Noël, 331. 1978 [“1977”]; Ipomoea racemosa Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de
Fleurs Noël, Fleur(s) de Noël, Arbre de Noël (Haiti), Muguet, Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 4: 633. 1816.
White coralilla, White corolita, Chinese lace (Lesser Antilles). Exogonium wrightii House, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35 (3): 99. 1908;
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 32, 58, 61, 150, 159, 223, 224, 231, 254. Turbina wrightii (House) Alain, Brittonia 20: 152. 1968;
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Rivea bracteata Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 158. 1894.
Quamoclit coccinea sensu Urb. & sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Ipomoea Turbina rudolphii (Roem. & Schult.) O’Donell, Lilloa 30: 64. 1960;
hederifolia L. Ipomoea rudolphii Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 222. 1819.
Quamoclit domingensis (Desr.) M. Gómez = Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf. References: 3, 5, 7, 39, 151, 460.
Quamoclit pennata (Desr.) Bojer = Ipomoea quamoclit L. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Quamoclit quamoclit (L.) Britton = Ipomoea quamoclit L.
Turbina rudolphii (Roem. & Schult.) O’Donell = Turbina racemosa
Quamoclit vulgaris Choisy = Ipomoea quamoclit L.
(Poir.) D.F. Austin
Rivea bracteata Hallier f. = Turbina racemosa (Poir.) D.F. Austin
Turbina wrightii (House) Alain = Turbina racemosa (Poir.) D.F. Austin
Rivea campanulata sensu House, non as to type (L.) House =
Xenostegia tridentata (L.) D.F. Austin & Staples, Brittonia 32: 533. 1981
Stictocardia tiliifolia (Desr.) Hallier f.
[“1980”]; Convolvulus tridentatus L., Sp. Pl. 157. 1753; Merremia
Rivea corymbosa (L.) Hallier f. = Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf. angustifolia (Jacq.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 552. 1893.
Rivea nervosa (Burm. f.) Hallier f. = Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer Convolvulus filicaulis Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 24. 1794; Ipomoea filicaulis
(Vahl) Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 13: 721. 1826.
Stictocardia campanulata (L.) Merr. = Stictocardia tiliifolia (Desr.) Ipomoea angustifolia Jacq., Collectanea 2: 367. 1789 [“1788”].
Hallier f. Ipomoea sericantha sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 162. 1888,
Stictocardia tiliifolia (Desr.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 159. 1893; non Griseb.
Convolvulus tiliifolius Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico.
544. 1792; Argyreia tiliifolia (Desr.) Wight, Icon. Pl. Orient. 4: 12. References: 32, 58.
1848.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES
Rivea campanulata sensu House, non as to type (L.) House,
Muhlenbergia 5: 72. 1909. Ipomoea jamaicensis G. Don var. glabrata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 474. 1862.
Stictocardia campanulata (L.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 9: 133. 1914. Distribution: Native to Jamaica and Panama.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Reference: 36.
(Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Note: Doubtful application, name has not been used by modern
and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, botanists.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Jacquemontia verticillata (L.) Urb. var. stenophylla Urb., Symb. Antill.
Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Vincent); native to tropical Asia, Malesia, 3: 340. 1902.
and Australia. Described from Cuba, name has not been used by modern botanists.
Common Names: Bois-patate marron, Gros boudin, Liane d’argent Reference: 30.
bâtard, Liane gros boudin, Liane gros marron (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61, 75, 150, 159, 224, 230, 340.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Costaceae
Thyella tamnifolia (L.) Raf. = Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb.
Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 81. 1838; Convolvulus
corymbosus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 923. 1759; Rivea corymbosa
(L.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 157. 1894. Banksea speciosa J. König = Cheilocostus speciosus (J. König) C. Specht
number 9 8 • 249
Cheilocostus speciosus (J. König) C. Specht, Taxon 55: 159. 2006; Jengibre cimarrón, Caña de cristo (Dominican Republic), Caña
Banksea speciosa J. König in A.J. Retzius, Observ. 3: 75. 1784; amarga (Puerto Rico).
Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 1: References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 482.
249. 1791. Type: East Indies. J. König, s.n. (C).
Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 350. 1807;
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Alpinia spiralis Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 1. 1797.
Antilles (Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Eustatius, St.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Margarita; native to Central America,
Lucia, St. Vincent), Central America, and South America; native to
and South America.
tropical Asia and Malesia.
References: 3, 147, 323, 482.
Common Names: Caña americana, Caña mejicana, Caña santa,
Cañuela santa, Caracol, Cojate, Flor de martí, Jenjibre de jardín, Costus villosissimus Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 55. 1806.
Jenjibre blanco (Cuba). Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent), Central
References: 1, 2, 28, 132, 147, 252. America, and South America.
Costus arabicus L., Sp. Pl. 2. 1753.
Costus glabratus Sw., Prodr. 11. 1788. Costus zerumbet Pers. = Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt & R.M. Sm.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, (Zingiberaceae).
Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, and South America.
Common Names: Caña japonesa (Dominican Republic), Canne-congo,
Petit dégonflé, Shell plant (Lesser Antilles). Crassulaceae
References: 1, 123, 147, 323, 482.
Costus cylindricus Jacq. = Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw.
Costus glabratus Sw. = Costus arabicus L.
Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb. = Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
Costus guanaiensis Rusby var. macrostrobilus (K. Schum.) Maas, Fl.
Neotrop. Monogr. 8: 52. 1972; Costus macrostrobilus K. Schum. Bryophyllum crenatum Baker = Kalanchoe laxiflora Baker
in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 159. 1903. Bryophyllum daigremontianum (Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier) A. Berger
Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central America, and = Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier
South America.
References: 28, 61, 147, 482. Bryophyllum delagoense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schinz = Kalanchoe
delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh.
Costus lucanusianus Braun-Blanq. & K. Schum., Mitt. Deutsch.
Schutzgeb. 2: 151. 1889. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken = Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique); native to west Bryophyllum tubiflorum Harvey = Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh.
tropical Africa.
Cotyledon integra Medik. = Kalanchoe integra (Medik.) Kuntze var.
References: 1, 147.
integra
Costus macrostrobilus K. Schum. = Costus guanaiensis Rusby var.
Cotyledon laciniata L. = Kalanchoe laciniata (L.) DC.
macrostrobilus (K. Schum.) Maas
Cotyledon macrantha A. Berger, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 106. 1900.
Costus malortieanus H. Wendl., Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to South Africa.
19: 30. 1863.
Reference: 7.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to Central
America. Cotyledon pinnata Lam. = Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
References: 28, 147, 252, 482. Crassula aquatica (L.) Schönland in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl,
Costus pulverulentus C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(1): 41. 1825. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(2a): 37. 1891; Tillaea aquatica L., Sp. Pl.
Costus ruber C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 256. 1866. 128. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to North America and
America. Eurasia.
Costus ruber C. Wright ex Griseb. = Costus pulverulentus C. Presl Crassula argentea L. f. = Crassula ovata (Mill.) Druce
Costus scaber Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 1: 2. 1798. Crassula ovata (Mill.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4:
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Grenada, St. Lucia, 617. 1917.
St. Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South America; Crassula argentea L. f., Suppl. Pl. 188. 1782 [“1781”], nom. illeg.
cultivated in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (St. Thomas). Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to South Africa.
Common Name: Camarón (Dominican Republic). References: 7, 152, 462.
References: 1, 28, 123, 147, 482. Echeveria glauca (Baker) E. Morren = Echeveria secunda Booth ex Lindl.
Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm. = Cheilocostus speciosus (J. König) Echeveria peacockii Croucher, Gard. Chron., n.s. 1: 674. 1874.
C. Specht Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Mexico.
Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw., Prodr. 11. 1788; Alpinia spicata Jacq., Common Names: Flor de mármol, Mármol (Dominican Republic).
Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 1. 1763. References: 7, 151.
Costus cylindricus Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 54. 1806. Echeveria secunda Booth ex Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 24(Misc). 59.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, 1838.
Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Echeveria glauca (Baker) E. Morren, Belgique Hort. 24: 161. 1874.
Galante, Martinique). Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Mexico.
Common Names: Cañita de limón, Cañuela santa, Caña santa, Caña Common Names: Flor de mármol, Mármol (Dominican Republic).
de arroyo, Yerba de limón (Cuba), Jengibre amargo, Cumaní, References: 7, 159.
Kalanchoe beharensis Drake, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 9: 41. 1903. Kalanchoe laxiflora Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 472. 1886 [“1887”].
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Africa. Bryophyllum crenatum Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 139. 1883.
Reference: 7. Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (Tortola) and South America;
native to Madagascar.
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 35: 15.
References: 151, 159, 231.
1934.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to Kalanchoe marmorata Baker, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 300. 1892.
Madagascar. Kalanchoe somaliensis Hook. f., Bot. Mag. ser. 3, 58: t. 7831. 1902.
References: 6, 7, 58, 150, 159. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Virgin Islands (Tortola); native
to Africa.
Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess. = Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw.
Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ. 109. 1812;
Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 446. 1805; Cotyledon
Kalanchoe integra (Medik.) Kuntze var. crenata (Andrews) Cufod.,
pinnata Lam., Encycl. 2: 141. 1786; Bryophyllum pinnatum
Oesterr. Bot. Z. 116: 320. 1969.
(Lam.) Oken, Allg. Naturgesch. 3: 1966. 1841.
Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess. in A. Saint-Hilaire, Fl. Bras. Merid.
Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb., Parad. Lond. t. 3. 1805.
(quarto ed.) 2. 196. 1830.
Kalanchoe integra sensu authors, non (Medik.) Kuntze
Kalanchoe integra (Medik.) Kuntze var. varea (Jacq.) Cufod., Oesterr.
Bot. Z. 116: 318. 1969.
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada,
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Antilles, and naturalized in Virgin Islands (St. thomas, Tortola);
Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad,
native to Africa.
and South America; native to Madagascar.
Common Names: Flame kalanchoë (Bahamas), Belladona, Kalanchoe,
Common Names: Life plant (Bahamas), Bruja, Flor de aire, Hoja de
Siempreviva (Cuba), Bruja mansa (Dominican Republic), Madre
aire, Siempreviva, Víbora, Yerba coronel (Cuba), Bruja, Hegüey,
de la bruja roja (Puerto Rico).
Higüey, Oken, Topetope, Yerba bruja (Dominican Republic),
References: 1, 3, 6, 7, 45, 61, 123, 131, 132, 151, 159, 224, 321.
Fébrivier, Sanglou, Feuilles loup-garou, Feuilles socier, Feuilles
sorcier, L’âne blanc, Loup garou, Tope, Tope-tope, Z’herbe mal
Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier, Ann. Inst. tête (Haiti), Leaf-of-life (Jamaica), Kalabana, Kawakte lezom,
Bot.-Geol. Colon. Marseille, ser. 3, 2: 128. 1914; Bryophyllum Leaf-of-life, Love bush, Sweetheart bush, Temetic, Travel life,
daigremontianum (Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier) A. Berger in Wonder-of-world (Lesser Antilles), Yerba bruja (Puerto Rico).
H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 18a: References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 150, 151, 159, 224,
412. 1930. 301, 340.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
native to Africa.
Kalanchoe somaliensis Hook. f. = Kalanchoe marmorata Baker
Common Names: Devil’s backbone (Bahamas), Kalanchoe (Cuba),
Tope-tope (Haiti). Kalanchoe tomentosa Baker, J. Bot. 20: 110. 1882.
References: 6, 7, 45, 58, 123, 132, 150. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Madagascar.
References: 7, 159.
Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 2: 305.
1836; Bryophyllum delagoense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schinz, Mém. Kalanchoe tubiflora (Harvey) Raym.-Hamet = Kalanchoe delagoensis
Herb. Boiss. 10: 38. 1900. Eckl. & Zeyh.
Kalanchoe tubiflora (Harvey) Raym.-Hamet, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 29 (2): Kalanchoe verticillata Scott-Elliot = Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh.
41. 1912; Bryophyllum tubiflorum Harvey, Fl. Cap. 2: 380. 1862.
Kalanchoe verticillata Scott-Elliot, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 14. 1891. Sedum monregalense Balb., Mem. Acad. Sci. Turin 7: 339. 1802.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to Europe.
Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Common Names: Bálsamo turco, Flor de mármol, Sedum (Cuba), Flor
Lesser Antilles (Anguilla); native to South Africa. de mármol (Dominican Republic).
Common Names: Malá, Kalanchoe (Cuba), Pinito del Japón, Gusanillo References: 7, 123, 131 132.
(Dominican Republic). Sedum morganianum E. Walther, Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 10: 35. 1938.
References: 2, 6, 7, 45, 58, 132, 150, 231, 461, 464. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Mexico.
Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier, Ann. Inst. Bot.- Common Names: Ajo, Platanito, Platanillo extranjero (Dominican
Geol. Colon. Marseille, ser. 3, 3: 75. 1915. Republic).
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to Africa. References: 7, 123, 151.
References: 6, 7, 58, 150, 159. Tillaea aquatica L. = Crassula aquatica (L.) Schönland
Kalanchoe integra sensu authors = Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw.
Kalanchoe integra (Medik.) Kuntze var. crenata (Andrews) Cufod. = Cucurbitaceae
Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw.
Kalanchoe integra (Medik.) Kuntze var. varea (Jacq.) Cufod. = Genera. Total: 23; native: 15; endemic: 2.
Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw. Taxa. Total: 40; native: 23; endemic: 10.
Kalanchoe laciniata (L.) DC., Pl. Hist. Succ. 2: t. 100. 1802; Cotyledon Anacaona sphaerica Alain = Penelopeia sphaerica (Alain) H. Schaef. &
laciniata L., Sp. Pl. 430. 1753. S.S. Renner
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Africa and Asia.
Common Name: Cuentas de oro (Dominican Republic). Anguria cookiana Britton = Psiguria trifoliata (L.) Alain
References: 7, 150, 159. Anguria glomerata Eggers = Doyerea emetocathartica Grosourdy
number 9 8 • 251
Anguria pedata (L.) Jacq. = Psiguria pedata (L.) R.A. Howard Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. var. scaberrima Cogn., Monogr.
Phan. 3: 769. 1881.
Anguria pedata (L.) Jacq. var. affinis (Schltdl.) Cogn. = Psiguria pedata
Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. var. subintegrifolia Cogn., Monogr.
(L.) R.A. Howard
Phan. 3: 768. 1881.
Anguria pedata (L.) Jacq. var. dentata (Schltdl.) Cogn. = Psiguria pedata Cionandra cuspidata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 287. 1860.
(L.) R.A. Howard Cionandra graciliflora Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 287. 1860.
Anguria plumieriana Schltdl. = Psiguria pedata (L.) R.A. Howard Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Barbados), Tobago,
Anguria trilobata Jacq. = Psiguria pedata (L.) R.A. Howard Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Common Names: Bejuco de cigua, Bejuco de sigua (Dominican
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 3: 513. 1881. Republic), Cerpousse (Haiti), Mountain bryony (Jamaica),
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to the Indo- Coloquintilla (Puerto Rico).
Malayan region; cultivated in the tropics and subtropics. References: 2, 5, 7, 30, 32, 36, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 151, 152, 294, 301,
Common Names: Calabaza china (Cuba), Tayota china (Dominican 340.
Republic). Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. var. acutiloba Cogn. = Cayaponia
References: 7, 123, 132. racemosa (Mill.) Cogn.
Bryonia guadalupensis Spreng. = Melothria pendula L. Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. var. angustiloba (Bello) Cogn. =
Bryonia racemosa Mill. = Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn.
Cayaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. var. laevis Cogn. = Cayaponia
de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 3: 785. 1881; Bryonia americana racemosa (Mill.) Cogn.
Lam., Encycl. 1: 498. 1785. Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. var. plumieri Cogn. = Cayaponia
Cayaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn. var. angustiloba Cogn., Monogr. racemosa (Mill.) Cogn.
Phan. 3: 787. 1881.
Cayaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn. var. subintegrifolia Cogn., Monogr. Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. var. scaberrima Cogn. = Cayaponia
Phan. 3: 786. 1881. racemosa (Mill.) Cogn.
Cayaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn. var. vulgaris Cogn., Monogr. Phan. Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. var. subintegrifolia Cogn. =
3: 787. 1881. Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn.
Cionandra angustiloba Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 274.
Ceratosanthes palmata (L.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 323.
1881; Cayaponia angustiloba (Bello) M. Gómez, Dicc. Bot.
1918; Trichosanthes palmata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1278. 1759.
Nombres Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riq. 41. 1889.
Ceratosanthes tuberosa J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2(1): 102. 1791;
Trichosanthes tamnifolia Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl.
Trichosanthes tuberosa (J.F. Gmel.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 601. 1805.
1: 386. 1810.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Grenadines,
Martinique), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Trinidad, and
South America.
Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, Dominica,
Common Names: Liane-concombre, Pomme-hallier-bâtard (Lesser
Antilles).
St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and North America.
References: 1, 152, 301, 323.
Common Names: Bejuco de finca, Torchon (Dominican Republic),
Concombre bâtard, Concombre-diable, Concombre-hallier, Ceratosanthes tuberosa J.F. Gmel. = Ceratosanthes palmata (L.) Urb.
Concombre marron, Ti concombre-chien, Ti concombre-hallier, Cionandra angustiloba Bello = Cayaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn.
Wild pumpkin (Lesser Antilles), Bejuco de torero (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 5, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 152, 340. Cionandra cuspidata Griseb. = Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn.
Cayaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn. var. angustiloba Cogn. = Cionandra graciliflora Griseb. = Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn.
Cayaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn. Cionandra racemosa (Mill.) Griseb. = Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn.
Cayaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn. var. subintegrifolia Cogn. = Cionosicys excisus (Griseb.) Jeffery, Kew Bull. 25: 281. 1971; Sicana
Cayaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn. excisa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 112. 1866; Cayaponia excisa
Cayaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn. var. vulgaris Cogn. = Cayaponia (Griseb.) Cogn., Monogr. Phan. 3: 747. 1881.
americana (Lam.) Cogn. Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Central America.
Cayaponia angustiloba (Bello) M. Gómez, Dicc = Cayaponia americana
(Lam.) Cogn. Cionosicys pomiformis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 288. 1860.
Cayaponia excisa (Griseb.) Cogn. = Cionosicyos excisus (Griseb.) Jeffery Common Name: Wild melon (Jamaica).
Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de References: 2, 136.
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 3: 768. 1881; Bryonia racemosa Mill., Citrullus citrullus (L.) H. Karst. = Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum.
Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Cionandra racemosa (Mill.) Griseb., Fl. & Nakai
Brit. W. I. 286. 1860.
Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. var. acutiloba Cogn., Monogr. Phan. Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai, Cat. Sem. & Spor. Hort.
3: 769. 1881. Bot. Univ. Imp. Tokyo 1916: 30 (n. 854). 1916; Momordica lanata
Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. var. laevis Cogn., Monogr. Phan. 3: Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 13. 1794.
768. 1881. Citrullus citrullus (L.) H. Karst., Deut. Fl. 889. 1882.
Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. var. plumieri Cogn., Monogr. Phan. Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 2:
3: 768. 1881. 279. 1836.
Cucumis citrullus Ser. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 3: 301. 1828. Cucumis jamaicensis Bertero ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 46. 1826.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), Margarita, North America,
Margarita, and North America. Mexico, Central America, and South America; cultivated in Puerto
Common Names: Watermelon (Bahamas), Melón de agua, Sandía, Rico and the Virgin Islands; native to Africa, Asia, Malesia,
Zandía (Cuba), Pastéque, Patilla (Dominican Republic), Melon Australia, and Pacific region.
d’eau (Haiti), Patilla, Sandía (Puerto Rico), Watermelon (Virgin Common Names: Muskmelon (Bahamas), Meloncito de olor, Melón
Islands). moscatel, Melon de Valencia, Melón de castilla (Cuba), Melón
References: 1, 4, 5, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 151, 159, 223, 224, 231, (Dominican Republic), Melon de France, Melon d’Espagne (Haiti),
323. Melón (Puerto Rico).
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 136, 152, 159, 223, 224, 323.
Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh. = Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)
Matsum. & Nakai Cucumis pedatus L. = Psiguria pedata (L.) R.A. Howard
Coccinia cordifolia (L.) Cogn. = Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Cucumis sativus L., Sp. Pl. 1012. 1753.
Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 59. 1845.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas),
Coccinia cordifolia (L.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Barthélemy, St. Lucia), Mexico, Central America, and South
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles
America; native to Asia.
(Barbados, Grenada, St. Lucia); naturalized in the Virgin Islands
Common Names: Cucumber (Bahamas), Pepino (Cuba), Cocombre,
(St. Croix, St. Thomas); native to Africa, Asia, Malesia, Australia,
Cocombro, Cohombro, Pepino (Dominican Republic), Concombre
and Pacific region.
(Haiti), Cohombro, Pepinillo, Pepino (Puerto Rico), Cucumber
References: 1, 32, 61, 136, 150, 159, 224, 349.
(Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 136, 159, 224, 230.
Coccinia ? suburceolata Cogn. = Penelopeia suburceolata (Cogn.) Urb. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Corallocarpus emetocatharticus (Grosourdy) Cogn. = Doyerea Cucumis trilobatus L. = Psiguria pedata (L.) R.A. Howard
emetocathartica Grosourdy
Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché, Verh. Vereins Beford. Gartenbaues Konigl.
Corallocarpus glomeratus (Eggers) Cogn. = Doyerea emetocathartica Preuss. Staaten 12: 205. 1837.
Grosourdy Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and Virgin Islands (St. Croix); only
Corallocarpus glomeratus (Eggers) Cogn. var. gracilis Cogn. = Doyerea known from cultivation, origin probably neotropics.
emetocathartica Grosourdy References: 159, 224, 230.
Cucumis acutangulus L. = Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. Cucurbita leucantha Duchesne = Lagenaria leucantha (Duchesne) Rusby
Cucumis anguria L., Sp. Pl. 1011. 1753. Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, Essai Hist. Nat. Courges 7. 1786.
Cucumis jamaicensis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 28. 1918, nom illeg. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Margarita;
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, native to southern South America.
Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines, Common Names: Calabaza de caballo, Calabaza de puerco (Cuba),
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Calabaza (Dominican Republic), Calabaza (Puerto Rico).
Lucia, St. Vincent), Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Jost van References: 7, 58, 136, 224, 323.
Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Aruba, Bonaire, Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Curaçao, Margarita, and South America; native to Africa. Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne, Essai Hist. Nat. Courges 7. 1786;
Common Names: Pepinillo, Pepino cimarrón (Cuba), Cocombre, Pepo moschata (Duchesne) Britton, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Mem. 1:
Cocombro, Cohombro, Concombro, Pepinillo (Dominican 96. 1918.
Republic), Concombre à queues, Concombre à queues de rat, Cucurbita pepo sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 4: 168. 1886, non L.
Concombre marron, Petite cocombre, Ti-combombre (Haiti), Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
West Indian gherkin, Wild cucumber (Jamaica), Bur gherkin, Ti Islands (St. Croix, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia),
concombre, Warty cucumber, West Indian gherkin, Wild cucumber Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South
(Lesser Antilles), Cohombro, Pepinillo (Puerto Rico). America.
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61, 75, 136, 150, 151, 152, 159, Common Names: Winter crookneck squash (Bahamas), Calabacín,
224, 323, 340. Calabaza, Calabaza amarilla, Calabaza cascara de sapo, Calabaza
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. común, Calabaza de comer, Calabaza llena de liguria, Calabaza
Cucumis citrullus Ser. = Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai moscada, Calabaza yema de huevo, cubana (Cuba), Calabaza
(Dominican Republic), Giraumont, Giromon, Jouromon (Haiti),
Cucumis cubensis Schrad. = Cucumis melo L. Calabaza (Puerto Rico), Cushaw, Pumpkin, Winter crookneck
Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. 6: 211. 1838. squash (Virgin Islands).
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), References: 5, 7, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 136, 151, 223, 224, 323.
Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao; native to Africa. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
References: 32, 136, 159, 224. Curcubita odorifera Vell. = Sicana odorifera (Vell.) Naudin
Cucurbita pepo L., Sp. Pl. 1010. 1753.
Cucumis jamaicensis Bertero ex Spreng. = Cucumis melo L. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Cucumis melo L., Sp. Pl. 1011. 1753. Puerto Rico, and Margarita; widely cultivated; native to North
Cucumis cubensis Schrad., Linnaea 12: 419. 1838. America.
number 9 8 • 253
Common Names: Field pumpkin (Bahamas), Calabaza (Cuba), References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 136, 150, 151, 159, 224, 230,
Auyama, Calabaza (Dominican Republic), Couge, Giraumont, 340.
Giromón (Haiti). Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
References: 4, 7, 32, 45, 58, 136, 159, 224, 323. Lagenaria vulgaris Ser. = Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.
*Linnaeosicyos amara (L.) H. Schaef. & Kocyan, Syst. Bot. 33: 350.
Cucurbita pepo sensu A. Stahl = Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne) Poir. 2008; Trichosanthes amara L., Sp. Pl. 1008. 1753.
Cucurbita siceraria Molina = Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 7, 380.
Doyerea emetocathartica Grosourdy, Méd. Bot. Criollo 1(2): 338.
1864; Corallocarpus emetocatharticus (Grosourdy) Cogn., Bull. Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: 713. 1832; Cucumis
Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 30: 279. 1891. acutangulus L., Sp. Pl. 1011. 1753.
Anguria glomerata Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 55. 1879; Corallocarpus Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and
glomeratus (Eggers) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 3: 658. 1881. Vincent); native to tropical Asia.
Corallocarpus glomeratus (Eggers) Cogn. var. gracilis Cogn., Jahrb. Common Names: Estropajo, Estropajo friega platos, Jaboncillo (Cuba),
Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 284. 1886. Espoja, Esponja, Muñeco, Servilleta del pobre (Dominican
Fevillea hederacea Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 419. 1797. Republic), Liane torchon, Serviette des pauvres, Torchon (Haiti),
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Pitenga, Torchon, Torchon-liane (Lesser Antilles), Esponja,
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles Estropajo, Servilleta de pobre (Puerto Rico).
(Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique), Bonaire, References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61, 136, 224.
Curaçao, Margarita, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
South America. Luffa acutangula sensu Bello = Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.
Common Names: Batata de burro, Batata zandumbia, Batata
zombomba (Dominican Republic), Grosourdy (Haiti). Luffa aegyptiaca Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
References: 1, 2, 7, 19, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 151, 301, 323, 340. Luffa acutangula sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 273.
1881, non (L.) Roxb.
Elaterium carthagenense Jacq. = Rytidostylis carthagenensis (Jacq.) Kuntze Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 2: 63. 1846;
Fevillea cordifolia L., Sp. Pl. 1013. 1753. Momordica cylindrica L., Sp. Pl. 1009. 1753.
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Trinidad, Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Common Names: Bejuco jabilla, Jabilla, Pepita amarga, Secua, Yabilla Lucia, St. Vincent), Curaçao, Margarita, and Trinidad; widely
(Cuba), Calabacito jabonero, Jallamo, Jayamo, Nandhiroba cultivated, origin Asia or Africa.
(Dominican Republic), Cacorne poison, Cocorne zombi, Contre Common Names: Bejuco de finca, Esponja, Muñeco, Musú, Servilleta
poison d’Amerique, Nahdhirobe, Noix de serpent (Haiti), del pobre (Dominican Republic), Serviette des pauvres, Torchon
Antidote caccoon, Nhandiroba, Segra seed (Jamaica), Ti- (Haiti), Éponge végétale, Liane torchon, Loofah, Plant sponge,
concombre (Lesser Antilles), Calabaza de castilla, Pepita amarga, Serbette di pober, Torchon (Lesser Antilles), Esponja, Estropajo,
Secua, Uyama (Puerto Rico). Pepinillo de esponja, Servilleta de pobre (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 32, 40, 58, 61, 75, 136, 301, 340. References: 1, 2, 7, 19, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 136, 151, 159,
224, 301, 323, 340.
Fevillea hederacea Poir. = Doyerea emetocathartica Grosourdy
Lagenaria lagenaria (L.) Cockerell = Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.
Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem. = Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.
Lagenaria leucantha (Duchesne) Rusby = Lagenaria siceraria (Molina)
Melothria domingensis Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 451. 1899.
Standl.
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Common Names: Mirliton blanc, Mirliton marron, Mirliton sauvage
Ser. 3(3): 435. 1930; Cucurbita siceraria Molina, Sag. Stor. Nat. (Haiti).
Chili 133. 1782. References: 5, 7, 30.
Cucurbita lagenaria L., Sp. Pl. 1010. 1753; Lagenaria lagenaria (L.)
Melothria fluminensis Gardner = Melothria pendula L.
Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 95. 1892.
Lagenaria leucantha (Duchesne) Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 43. Melothria guadalupensis (Spreng.) Cogn. = Melothria pendula L.
1896; Cucurbita leucantha Duchesne in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Melothria pendula L., Sp. Pl. 35. 1753.
Encycl. 2: 150. 1786. Bryonia guadalupensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 15. 1826;
Lagenaria vulgaris Ser., Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 3: 25. 1825. Melothria guadalupensis (Spreng.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 3: 580. 1881.
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Tortola), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Melothria fluminensis Gardner, London J. Bot. 1: 173. 1842.
Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Melothria pervaga Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 289. 1860.
Vincent); native to Africa. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Common Names: Bangaña, Calabazo, Güiro (Dominican Republic), Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
Calebase courant, Calebasse franc, Calebasse longue, Calebasse Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
musquée, Calebassier, Congourde, Courde trompette, Gourde des Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
pelerins, Gourde trompette, Gros calabasse (Haiti), Bottle gourd, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
Calebasse douce, Calebasse musquée, Courge, Gourde, Longe, Sweet Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central
calabash (Lesser Antilles), Calabozo, Candungo amargo, Carracho, America, and South America.
Güícharo, Marimbo (Puerto Rico), Gourd (Virgin Islands).
Common Names: Creeping-cucumber (Bahamas), Bejuco sin madre Anguria pedata (L.) Jacq. var. dentata (Schltdl.) Cogn., Mem.
(Dominican Republic), Concombre diable, Concombre-poison, Couronnes Mem. Savants Etrangers Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles
Small wild cucumber, Ti concombre-hallier (Lesser Antilles). [quarto] 27: 10. 1876.
References: 1, 2, 4, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 56, 58, 61, 75, 136, 151, 301, Anguria plumieriana Schltdl., Linnaea 24: 709. 1851.
323. 340, 349. Cucumis trilobatus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1279. 1759; Anguria trilobata
(L.) Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 31. 1760; Psiguria trilobata (L.) R.A.
Melothria pervaga Griseb. = Melothria pendula L.
Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 54: 442. 1973.
Momordica balsamina L., Sp. Pl. 1009. 1753. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Islands (St. Croix), and South America.
Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy); native Common Name: Yanico (Dominican Republic).
to Old World. References: 5, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 136, 151.
Common Names: Balsamina, Cundeamor, Madama, Penipenillo
Psiguria trifoliata (L.) Alain, Phytologia 47: 192. 1980; Anguria
(Cuba), Cundeamor extranjero (Dominican Republic), Cerasee
trifoliata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1376. 1763.
(Jamaica), Cundeamor de jardín (Puerto Rico).
Anguria cookiana Britton In N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto
References: 1, 2, 7, 61, 112, 131, 136, 150, 159, 224.
Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 266. 1925.
Anguria plumieriana Schltdl. var. trifoliolata Cogn., Jahresber. Bot.
Momordica charantia L., Sp. Pl. 1009. 1753. Gart. Bern 4: 28. 1886.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. and Puerto Rico.
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, References: 7, 32, 58, 136.
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,
Psiguria trilobata (L.) R.A. Howard = Psiguria pedata (L.) R.A. Howard
Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius,
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Curaçao, Psiguria umbrosa (Kunth) C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 33: 353. 1978; Anguria
Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, South umbrosa Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland &
America; native to Old World. C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 121. 1817.
Common Names: Wild balsam-apple (Bahamas), Cundeamor, Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
Cundeamor chino, Penipinillo (Cuba), Assorosis, Cundeamor, Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, and South America.
Cundeamor chino, Sorci, Sorossi, Yesquin (Dominican Republic), Common Name: Concombre bâtard (Lesser Antilles).
Associ, Associ n’est qu’un, Assorossier, Momordique à feulles References: 1, 151, 323.
de vigne, Sorossie, Sorrosis n’y est qu’un (Haiti), Wild cerasee Rytidostylis carthagenensis (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 258.
(Jamaica), Maiden apple, Maiden’s blush, Pome coolie, Pomme- 1891; Elaterium carthagenense Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 31. 1760.
coulie, Pomme-merveille, Pomme z’indiens, Ti-concombre coolie, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South
Wild balsam apple (Lesser Antilles), Cundeamor (Puerto Rico). America.
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 136, 150, References: 136, 151, 152.
224, 301, 323, 340.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2 (2): 1150. 1800; Sicyos
edulis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 32. 1760.
Momordica cylindrica L. = Luffa aegyptiaca Mill. Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Momordica lanata Thunb. = Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
Nakai Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Vincent), and
Margarita; native to Mexico.
*Penelopeia sphaerica (Alain) H. Schaef. & S.S. Renner, Taxon 60:
Common Names: Chayote, Chayote blanco, Chayote francés,
134. 2011; Anacaona sphaerica Alain, Phytologia 47: 192. 1980.
Chayotera, Chayote verde, Chote (Cuba), Chayote, Méliton,
Tayota, Tayote (Dominican Republic), Chayotte, Chou-chou,
Common Name: Calabacito (Dominican Republic).
Concombre, Mirliton (Haiti), Cho cho (Jamaica), Chayotte,
Reference: 7.
Chocho, Chouchoute, Christophine (Lesser Antilles), Chayote,
*Penelopeia suburceolata (Cogn.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Christophine, Tallón, Tallote (Puerto Rico).
17: 8. 1921; Coccinia ? suburceolata Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 32, 58, 61, 75, 136, 224, 231, 323, 340.
Antill. 1: 450. 1899. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Sicana excisa Griseb. = Cionosicyos excisus (Griseb.) Jeffery
Common Names: Calabacín, Calabacita (Dominican Republic).
References: 5, 7, 123. Sicana fragrans Alain, M.M. Mejía, & R.G. García, Moscosoa 8: 10.
1994.
Pepo moschata (Duchesne) Britton = Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne) Poir.
Psiguria ottoniana (Schltdl.) C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 33: 352. 1978; Common Names: Calabacita de uñero, Calabacita hedionda,
Anguria ottoniana Schltdl., Linnaea 24: 758. 1851. Calabacito de jabón, Calabacito de olor, Calabacito hediondo,
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Pepino angolo (Dominican Republic), Calebasse zombi (Haiti).
Psiguria pedata (L.) R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 54: 441. 1973; Sicana odorifera (Vell.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 18: 181. 1862;
Cucumis pedatus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1279. 1759; Anguria Cucurbita odorifera Vell., Fl. Flumin. Icon. 10: t. 99. 1831 [“1827”].
pedata (L.) Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 3. 1760. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native to
Anguria pedata (L.) Jacq. var. affinis (Schltdl.) Cogn., Mem. Couronnes South America.
Mem. Savants Etrangers Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles [quarto] 27: 10. Common Names: Calabaza de olor, Calabaza melón, Cohombro,
1876. Cojombro (Cuba), Calabacito, Calabacito de olor, Pepino angolo
number 9 8 • 255
(Dominican Republic), Calebasse zombi (Haiti), Cassabanana, References: 2, 427.

Pepino angolo, Zocato (Puerto Rico). Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
References: 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 151, 159, 340.
Sicana sphaerica Hook. f., Bot. Mag. 116: t. 7109. 1890.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. Cupressaceae
References: 2, 136.
Sicydium tamnifolium Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Taxa. Total: 12; native: 6; endemic: 6.
Sicydium tamnifolium Cogn. var. dussii Cogn., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Chamaecyparis funebris (Endl.) Franco, Agros (Lisbon) 24: 93. 1941;
Belgique 30 (1): 277. 1891. Cupressus funebris Endl., Syn. Conif. 58. 1847.
Triceratia bryonioides A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to China.
Vasc. 615. 1845. References: 6, 28, 58, 149, 151.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Cupressus arizonica Greene, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 9: 64. 1882.
St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and Mexico. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native
Common Names: Liane-hallier, Petit concombre hallier, Ti-concombre- to North America and Mexico.
hallier (Lesser Antilles). Common Names: Ciprés, Ciprés fúnebre (Cuba), Cyprès (Haiti), Ciprés
References: 1, 136, 152, 352. de Arizona (Puerto Rico).
Sicydium tamnifolium Cogn. var. dussii Cogn. = Sicydium tamnifolium References: 6, 28, 58, 123, 132, 149, 159, 463.
Cogn. Cupressus benthamii Endl. = Cupressus lusitanica Mill.
Sicyos laciniatus L., Sp. Pl. 1013. 1753. Cupressus funebris Endl. = Chamaecyparis funebris (Endl.) Franco
Common Name: Gustoso (Dominican Republic). Cupressus lusitanica Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
References: 5, 7. Cupressus benthamii Endl., Syn. Conif. 59. 1847.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Margarita; native to
Triceratia bryonioides A. Rich. = Sicydium tamnifolium Cogn. Mexico and Central America.
Trichosanthes amara L. = Linnaeosicyos amara (L.) H. Schaef. & Kocyan. Common Names: Ciprés, Ciprés fúnebre (Cuba), Ciprés, Ciprés
mejicano (Puerto Rico).
Trichosanthes anguina L. = Trichosanthes cucumerina L. subsp.
References: 6, 28, 58, 131, 132, 323, 151, 159, 323, 383, 463.
anguina (L.) I. Grebenščikov
Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw., J. Hort. Soc. London 2: 187. 1847.
Trichosanthes cucumerina L. subsp. anguina (L.) I. Grebenščikov in
R. Mansfeld, Verz. Landwirtsch. u. Gartn. Kulturpfl., Auf. 2, ed.
to North America.
J. Schultze-Motel, 2: 928. 1986; Trichosanthes anguina L., Sp. Pl.
Common Names: Ciprés (Cuba), Ciprés (Dominican Republic), Ciprés
1008. 1753.
Monterrey (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe); known
References: 6, 28, 58, 123, 131, 132, 159, 463.
only from cultivation.
Reference: 159. Cupressus sempervirens L., Sp. Pl. 1002. 1753.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and
Trichosanthes palmata L. = Ceratosanthes palmata (L.) Urb.
Margarita; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Trichosanthes tuberosa (J.F. Gmel.) Willd. = Ceratosanthes palmata Common Names: Ciprés, Ciprés fúnebre, Ciprés piramidal (Cuba),
(L.) Urb. Cinta, Ciprés, Cypres (Dominican Republic), Ciprés italiano
(Puerto Rico).
References: 6, 28, 58, 123, 131, 132, 159, 323, 463.
Cunoniaceae
Juniperus barbadensis L., Sp. Pl. 1039. 1753, var. barbadensis
Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Redonda, St.
Taxa. Total: 2; native: 2; endemic: 1. Lucia).
References: 151, 212, 427, 463.
Weinmannia hirta Sw. = Weinmannia pinnata L. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species.
Weinmannia pinnata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1005. 1759.
Weinmannia hirta Sw., Prodr. 63. 1788. Juniperus barbadensis L. var. lucayana (Britton) R.P. Adams,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Phytologia 78: 145. 1995; Juniperus lucayana Britton, N. Amer.
Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Trees 121. 1908.
Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba,
and South America. Hispaniola, and Jamaica.
Common Names: Oreganillo, Sabicú de pinares (Cuba), Casabito, Common Name: West Indian red cedar (Bahamas).
Casavito, Tamarindo de loma, Tamarindo de sierra (Dominican References: 3, 30, 39, 45, 74, 212, 463.
Republic), Bastard braziletto (Jamaica), Bois siffleur, Bois-tan Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
rouge, Tamarin-montagne (Lesser Antilles), Oreganillo (Puerto Cuba (39).
Rico). Juniperus barbadensis L. subsp. urbaniana (Pilg. & Ekman) Borhidi
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 151, 301. = Juniperus gracilior Pilg. var. urbaniana (Pilg. & Ekman) R.P.
Weinmannia portlandiana R.A. Howard & Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. Adams
39: 106. 1958. Juniperus gracilior Pilg. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 481. 1913, var.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. gracilior
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Name: Palma corcho (Cuba).

Common Names: Sabina (Dominican Republic), Weeping sabina, Cèdre References: 3, 39, 159, 353, 427.
(Haiti). Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora
References: 30, 38, 151, 156, 212, 427, 463. of Cuba (39) and critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Threatened Species.
Species.
Zamia calocoma Miq. = Microcycas calocoma (Miq.) DC.
Juniperus gracilior Pilg. var. ekmanii (Florin) R.P. Adams, Phytologia
78: 144. 1995; Juniperus ekmanii Florin, Ark. Bot. 25A(5): 14.
1934. Cyclanthaceae
References: 30, 38, 151, 212, 463. Genera. Total: 4; native: 3; endemic: 0.
Juniperus gracilior Pilg. var. urbaniana (Pilg. & Ekman) R.P. Adams,
Phytologia 78: 144. 1995; Juniperus urbaniana Pilg. & Ekman, Asplundia dussii Harling, Acta Horti Berg. 18: 226. 1958.
Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 9. 1926; Juniperus barbadensis L. subsp. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
urbaniana (Pilg. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 90. Vincent).
References: 30, 38, 151, 156, 212, 463. Asplundia insignis (Duchass. ex Griseb.) Harling, Acta Horti Berg. 17:
42. 1954; Carludovica insignis Duchass. ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.
Juniperus saxicola Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 513. 1864.
35. 1923; Juniperus barbadensis L. subsp. saxicola (Britton & Carludovica caribaea Cowell, Torreya 3: 103. 1903.
P. Wilson) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 90. 1992. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
Common Name: Sabina (Cuba). Vincent).
References: 3, 39, 132, 212, 427, 463. Common Names: Ailes mouches, Cachibou, Langue à boeuf, Siguine
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of bâtard, Zelle mouches (Lesser Antilles).
Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. References: 1, 147.
Juniperus urbaniana Pilg. & Ekman = Juniperus gracilior Pilg. var. Asplundia rigida (Aubl.) Harling, Acta Horti Berg. 17: 43. 1954;
urbaniana (Pilg. & Ekman) R.P. Adams Pothos rigidus Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 839. 1775.
Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco, Portugaliae Acta Biol., Sér. B, Sist. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Lesser Antilles
Julio Henriques 33. 1949; Thuja orientalis L., Sp. Pl. 1002. 1753. (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat,
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and Trinidad.
Croix), and Margarita; native to Asia. Common Names: Ailes à mouches, Cachibou, Seguine, Zell mouches
Common Names: Plátano de Virginia, Plátano occidental, Plátano (Lesser Antilles).
oriental (Cuba). References: 1, 147.
References: 323, 463. Carludovica caribaea Cowell = Asplundia insignis (Duchass. ex Griseb.)
Thuja aphylla L. = Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. (Tamaricaceae) Harling
Thuja orientalis L. = Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco Carludovica insignis Duchass. ex Griseb. = Asplundia insignis (Duchass.
ex Griseb.) Harling
Carludovica jamaicensis Lodd. ex Sweet = Carludovica palmata Ruiz
Cycadaceae & Pav.
Genera. Total: 2; native: 1; endemic: 1. Carludovica palmata Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 291.
Taxa. Total: 3; native: 1; endemic: 1. 1798.
Carludovica jamaicensis Lodd. ex Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 630. 1839;
Cycas circinalis L., Sp. Pl. 1188. 1753. Salmia jamaicensis (Lodd. ex Sweet) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2,
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin 2: 501. 1841.
Islands (St. Croix), and Margarita; native to tropical Asia. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Common Names: Alcanfor, Isamía, Palma alcanfor, Palma sagú (Cuba), Antilles (Dominica, Martinique), and Trinidad; native to Mexico,
Palma de Siria, Palma funeraria (Dominican Republic), Cica, Central America, and South America.
Cycas (Puerto Rico). Common Names: Bombonaxa, Hiraca, Jipijapa, Palma jipijapa exótica
References: 123, 131, 132, 159, 323. del Perú, Yracas (Cuba), Panamá (Dominican Republic), Jipi-japa
Cycas revoluta Thunb., Verh. Holl. Maatsch Weetensch. Haarlem 20: (Haiti), Jippi jappa (Jamaica), Ailes mouches, Cachibou, Langue
424, 426. 1782. à boeuf, Siguine bâtard, Zelle mouches (Lesser Antilles), Palma de
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, sombrero de Panamá (Puerto Rico).
Virgin Islands (St. Croix), and Margarita; native to Asia. References: 1, 2, 5, 123, 131, 132, 147.
Common Names: Alcanfor, Palma alcanfor, Palma de sagú (Cuba), Cyclanthus bipartitus Poit. ex A. Rich. in J.B.G. Bory de Saint-Vincent,
Palmiste des Indes (Haiti), Alcanfor, Cica, Palma de sagú (Puerto Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 5: 222. 1824.
Rico), Sago palm (Virgin Islands). Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
References: 4, 123, 131, 132, 323. Lucia, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
*Microcycas calocoma (Miq.) DC., Prodr. 16(2): 538. 1868; Zamia References: 1, 147.
calocoma Miq., Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 7(misc.): 141. 1852. Salmia jamaicensis (Lodd. ex Sweet) Steud. = Carludovica palmata Ruiz
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. & Pav.
number 9 8 • 257
Thoracocarpus bissectus (Vell.) Harling, Acta Horti Berg. 18: 255. Cyperus caribaeus Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 65. 1805, nom. illeg.; Iria caribaea
1958; Dracontium bissectum Vell., Fl. Flumin. 9: t. 118. 1831 Steud., Nomencl. Bot. 437. 1821. Type: West Indies. Coll. ign.
[“1827”]. (Holotype: probably at L).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Central America, and South America. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
References: 3, 147. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St.
John, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados,
Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia,
Cymodoceaceae St. Vincent), Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad,
United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, South America, and
Genera. Total: 2; native: 2; endemic: 0. Old World tropics.
Taxa. Total: 2; native: 2; endemic: 0. Common Name: Flat-spiked rush (Bahamas).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147, 149, 301, 323, 325, 494.
Cymodocea filiformis (Kütz.) Correll = Syringodium filiforme Kütz.
Abildgaardia setacea Griseb. = Bulbostylis setacea (Griseb.) Svenson
Cymodocea manatorum Asch. = Syringodium filiforme Kütz.
Anosporum cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Boeckeler = Oxycaryum
Diplanthera wrightii (Asch.) Asch. = Halodule wrightii Asch. cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Palla
Halodule beaudettei (Hartog) Hartog, Blumea 12: 303. 1964. Bulbostylis alpestris Urb. = Bulbostylis subaphylla C.B. Clarke
Jamaica, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles Bulbostylis antillana (Britton) Fernald, Rhodora 40: 392. 1938;
(Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, St. Martin), Curaçao, Trinidad, SE Stenophyllus antillanus Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 447.
United States, Central America, and Venezuela. 1916; Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke subsp. antillana
References: 28, 635. (Britton) T. Koyama, J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 322. 1979. Type:
Dominica. Grand Savanna. F.E. Lloyd 822 (Holotype: NY).
Halodule wrightii Asch., Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin. 19. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico and Lesser
1868; Diplanthera wrightii (Asch.) Asch. in H.G.A. Engler & Antilles (Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia).
K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1: 37. 1897. References: 1, 28, 147, 156.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Bulbostylis arenaria (Nees) Lindm. = Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B.
Thomas), Lesser Antilles ( Grenadines, St. Vincent), possibly Clarke subsp. capillaris
Florida Panama, Africa, Madagascar, and Maritius. Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 40, 45, 61, 147, 254, 495, 635. 6: 651. 1893; Scirpus barbatus Rottb., Descr. Pl. Rar. 27. 1772.
Syringodium filiforme Kütz. in R.F. Hohenacker, Alg. Mar. Exsicc. 9: Type: Asia. Koenig s.n. (Holotype: C-Rottb.).
426. 1860; Cymodocea filiformis (Kütz.) Correll, Wrightia 4(2): Bulbostylis fimbriata sensu C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 87.
74. 1968. 1900, in part.
Cymodocea manatorum Asch., Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Bulbostylis floridana (Britton ex Nash) Fernald, Rhodora 40: 392.
1868: 19. 1868. 1938; Stenophyllus floridanus Britton ex Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Club 22: 161. 1895. Type: United States. Florida, Eustis, Nash
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, 1423 (Isotype: US).
St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Scirpus dussii Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 2: 38. 1890; Scirpus dussianus
Antilles (Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Boeckeler ex Duss, Ann. Inst. Bot.-Géol. Colon. Marseille 3:
Galante, Martinique, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Curaçao, North 548. 1897 [“1896”], orth. var. Type: Guadeloupe. Champ de
America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Pétrification, à Sainte-Anne, Duss 478 (Holotype: B †).
Common Names: Manatee grass (Antigua), Manatee-grass (Bahamas), Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Martinique), southeastern
Eel grass (Cayman Isl.), Yerba manatí (Puerto Rico), Manatee United States, Mexico, Central America, Surinam, and Venezuela;
grass (Virgin Islands). native to Africa, Asia, Malesia, and Australia.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 19, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147. References: 1, 30, 147, 149.
Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke subsp. antillana (Britton)
T. Koyama = Bulbostylis antillana (Britton) Fernald
Cyperaceae Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. 6:
by M.T. Strong & P. Acevedo-Rodríguez 652. 1893, subsp. capillaris; Scirpus capillaris L., Sp. Pl. 49. 1753;
Fimbristylis capillaris (L.) A. Gray, Manual, ed. 5, 567. 1867.
Genera. Total: 21; native: 20; endemic: 0. Lectotype: (LINN 71.25), designated by Fernald in Rhodora 40:
Taxa. Total: 360; native: 329; endemic: 91. 395.1938.
Bulbostylis arenaria (Nees) Lindm., Bih. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad.
Abildgaardia monostachyos (L.) Vahl = Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.)
Handl. 26(9): 19. 1901; Oncostylis arenaria Nees in C.F.P.von
Kral
Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(1): 87. 1842; Fimbristylis savannarum Alain,
Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral, Sida 4: 72. 1971; Carex ovata Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 389. 1965. Type: Brazil. Bahia, coll.
Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 194. 1768; Fimbristylis ovata (Burm. f.) J. Kern, ign. (Holotype: not located).
Blumea 15: 126. 1967. Type: Java. Coll. ign. (Holotype: G). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Margarita,
Abildgaardia monostachyos (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 296. 1805; Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central America, South
Cyperus monostachyos L., Mant. Pl. 2: 180. 1771; Fimbristylis America, and Old World.
monostachyos (L.) Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar. 61. 1848; Scirpus References: 1, 3, 5, 28, 149, 254, 301, 323.
monostachyus (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 337. 1898. Note: Cited for Puerto Rico and the Windward Islands (147), but no
Lectotype: India. Koenig s.n. (LINN 70.3), designated by Gordon- specimens or other literature records were found to confirm its
Gray, J. S. African Bot. 32: 144. 1966. occurrence on these islands.
Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke subsp. insulana M.T. Strong Bulbostylis floccosa (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke var. β pumilo C.B. Clarke =
in Acevedo-Rodríguez & M.T. Strong, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. Bulbostylis curassavica (Britton) Kük. ex Ekman
52: 243. 2005. Type: Puerto Rico. Woodbury s.n. (Holotype: SJ; Bulbostylis floridana (Britton ex Nash) Fernald = Bulbostylis barbata
photo at US). (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke
Bulbostylis juncoides sensu Liogier, Fl. Puerto Rico & Adjac. Is. Synop.
212. 1982, non Kük. ex Osten. Bulbostylis grisebachii (Greenm.) Kük. = Bulbostylis setacea (Griseb.)
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Svenson
and Puerto Rico. Bulbostylis haitiensis Kük. = Bulbostylis floccosa (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke
Bulbostylis hirta sensu authors, non (Thunb.) Svenson = Bulbostylis
Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke subsp. tenuifolia (Rudge) C.B. hispidula (Vahl) R.W. Haines
Clarke = Bulbostylis tenuifolia (Rudge) J.F. Macbr.
Bulbostylis hirtella sensu Urb. = Bulbostylis vestita (Kunth) C.B. Clarke
Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Elliott) Fernald, Rhodora 40: 391. 1938, var.
Bulbostylis hispaniolica Kük. & Ekman = Bulbostylis subaphylla C.B.
ciliatifolia; Scirpus ciliatifolius Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina
Clarke
1(1): 82. 1816; Stenophyllus ciliatifolius (Elliott) C. Mohr,
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 22. 1897. Type: United States. South Bulbostylis hispidula (Vahl) R.W. Haines in R.W. Haines & K.A. Lye,
Carolina; Beaufort County, 2 mi. from Beaufort, Elliott s.n. Sedges & Rushes E. Afr., App. 3: 1. 1983; Scirpus hispidulus
(Holotype: CHARL). Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 276. 1805; Fimbristylis hispidula (Vahl) Kunth,
Stenophyllus carteri Britton ex Small, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: Enum. Pl. 2: 227. 1837. Type: Africa. Guinea, Thonning 349
420. 1905; Fimbristylis carteri (Britton ex Small) Alain, Bull. (Holotype: C; Isotype: MO).
Torrey Bot. Club 92: 290. 1965. Type: United States. Florida, Bulbostylis hirta sensu authors, non (Thunb.) Svenson
Miami-Dade County, between Coconut Grove and Cutler, Small Isolepis exilis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland &
& Carter 1263 (Holotype: NY). C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [quarto ed.] 1: 224. 1816. Fimbristylis
Distribution: Native to Cuba and southeastern United States. exilis (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes,
References: 3, 147, 149, 150, 156, 254, 325. Syst. Veg. 2: 98. 1817. Type: Venezuela. Humboldt & Bonpland
s.n. (Holotype: probably in P-HBK).
Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Elliott) Fernald var. coarctata (Elliott) Kral,
Scirpus chirigota C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Sida 4: 96. 1971. Scirpus coarctatus Elliott, Sketch Bot. S.
Habana 8: 81. 1871; Fimbristylis chirigota (C. Wright) Alain,
Carolina 1(1): 83. 1816. Type: United States. South Carolina,
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 290. 1965. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 3770
Beaufort, Elliott s.n. (Holotype: CHARL).
(Holotype: GH).
Distribution: Native to Cuba and southeastern United States.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South
References: 147, 150, 254, 325.
Bulbostylis curassavica (Britton) Kük. ex Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(16): References: 3, 30, 147, 149.
8. 1929; Stenophyllus curassavicus Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot.
Bulbostylis junciformis (Kunth) C.B. Clarke, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
Club 43: 445. 1916; Fimbristylis curassavica (Britton) Alain, Bull.
Bot. 4: 512. 1895; Isolepis junciformis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von
Torrey Bot. Club 92: 290. 1965; Bulbostylis floccosa (Griseb.)
C.B. Clarke var. β pumilo C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5:
ed.) 1: 222. 1816; Stenophyllus junciformis (Kunth) Britton, Bull.
290. 1907. Type: Curaçao, Suringar s.n. (Holotype: K).
Torrey Bot. Club 43: 442. 1916. Type: South America. Venezuela,
Bulbostylis curassavica (Britton) Kük. ex Ekman var. pallescens Kük.
Bonpland s.n. (Holotype: P-HBK).
& Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 6. 1929. Lectotype: Haiti. Ekman
Bulbostylis junciformis (Kunth) C.B. Clarke var. laxiuscula Kük.,
8749 (US; Isolectotype: US), designated by Strong & Acevedo,
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 198. 1926. Type: Cuba; Pinar
Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herb. 244. 2005.
del Rio, Herradura, Ekman 17727 (Holotype: B †).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
(Anegada), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and Mexico.
References: 5, 28, 147, 254, 494.
References: 3, 5, 134, 254, 301.
Bulbostylis curassavica (Britton) Kük. ex Ekman var. pallescens Kük. &
Bulbostylis junciformis (Kunth) C.B. Clarke var. laxiuscula Kük. =
Ekman = Bulbostylis curassavica (Britton) Kük.
Bulbostylis junciformis (Kunth) C.B. Clarke
Bulbostylis ekmanii Kük. = Bulbostylis pauciflora (Liebm.) C.B. Clarke
Bulbostylis juncoides (Vahl) Kük. ex Herter, Estud. Bot. Reg. Uruguay
Bulbostylis fimbriata sensu C.B. Clarke = Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) 4: 40. 1931 [“1930”]; Schoenus juncoides Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 211.
C.B. Clarke 1805; Fimbristylis juncoides (Vahl) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
Bulbostylis floccosa (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 92: 290. 1965. Type: South America. Uruguay, Commerson s.n.
2: 86. 1900; Scirpus floccosus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 241. 1866; (Holotype: C).
Fimbristylis floccosa (Griseb.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, southern United States,
290. 1965; Stenophyllus floccosus (Griseb.) Britton, Torreya Mexico, Central America, and South America.
13: 216. 1913. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 3381 (Holotype: GOET; References: 147, 149, 254, 325.
Isotype: GH). Bulbostylis langsdorffiana sensu C.B. Clarke (as to West Indian plants)
Bulbostylis haitiensis Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 199. 1926. = Bulbostylis vestita (Kunth) C.B. Clarke
Type: Haiti, Jean Rabel, Ekman 4006 (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: S, US).
Bulbostylis papillosa Kük. = Bulbostylis stenocarpa Kük.
Bulbostylis wilsonii (Britton) Kük., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 7. 1929;
Stenophyllus wilsonii Britton, Torreya 13: 215. 1913. Type: Bulbostylis paradoxa (Spreng.) Lindm., Bih. Kongl. Svenska
Bahamas, Castle Island, P. Wilson 7789 (Holotype: NY). Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 26(3, 9): 17. 1900; Schoenus paradoxus
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, and Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 190. 1824 [“1825”]; Fimbristylis
Hispaniola. paradoxa (Spreng.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 290. 1965;
References: 3, 5, 45, 147, 156, 254, 329. Stenophyllus paradoxus (Spreng.) Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
number 9 8 • 259
18: 88. 1916. Type: South America. Venezuela, Humboldt & 1965. Type: Dominican Republic. Constanza, Tuerckheim 3418
Bonpland s.n. (Holotype: probably in P-HBK). (Holotype: B †).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South Bulbostylis hispaniolica Kük. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 6. 1929;
America. Fimbristylis hispaniolica (Kük. & Ekman) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot.
References: 3, 147. Club 92: 290. 1965. Syntypes: Haiti. Massif du Nord Hinche.
Ekman 6174 (B, P, S, US); Ennery, Ekman 8409 (B); St.-Michel,
Bulbostylis pauciflora (Liebm.) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill.
Ekman 8353 (B).
5: 290. 1907, nom. cons.; Oncostylis pauciflora Liebm., Kongel.
Bulbostylis subaphylla C.B. Clarke var. longiglumis Kük., Repert. Spec.
Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 5,
Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 198. 1926. Type: Cuba. Oriente, Sierra de
2: 241. 1851. Type: St. Croix; U.S. Virgin Islands, Oersted s.n.
Nipe, Ekman 9731 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: NY).
(Holotype: C; Isotype: NY).
Bulbostylis subaphylla C.B. Clarke var. rigida Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Bulbostylis ekmanii Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 197. 1926.
Regni Veg. 23: 199. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Oriente, Sierra de
Lectotype: Cuba; Nipe Bay, Ekman 7341 (US; Isolectotype: NY,
Nipe, Ekman 5692 (B); 5769 (B, NY, US).
S), designated by Strong & Acevedo, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52:
Bulbostylis subefimbriata Kük., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 7. 1929. Type:
245. 2005.
Haiti. Massif de la Selle Croix-des-Bouquets, Ekman 7774
Bulbostylis portoricensis (Britton) Fernald, Rhodora 40: 392. 1938;
(Holotype: B †; Isotype: S).
Stenophyllus portoricensis Britton, Torreya 13: 216. 1913;
Stenophyllus harrisii Britton, Torreya 20: 83. 1920; Fimbristylis harrisii
Fimbristylis portoricensis (Britton) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
(Britton) C.D. Adams, Phytologia 21: 66. 1971. Type: Jamaica,
92: 290. 1965. Type: Puerto Rico; Guánica, N.L. Britton & Shafer
Old England Falls, Blue Mountains, Harris 12980 (Holotype: NY;
1916 (Holotype: NY; Isotype: US).
Isotype: US).
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John), Lesser Antilles
(Anguilla), Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao.
References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 134, 147, 149, 156, 254, 325, 328, 329.
References: 1, 3, 19, 28, 61, 147, 149, 156, 254, 329, 494.
Bulbostylis subaphylla C.B. Clarke var. longiglumis Kük. = Bulbostylis
Bulbostylis portoricensis (Britton) Fernald = Bulbostylis pauciflora
subaphylla C.B. Clarke
(Liebm.) C.B. Clarke
Bulbostylis subaphylla C.B. Clarke var. rigida Kük. = Bulbostylis
Bulbostylis setacea (Griseb.) Svenson, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
subaphylla C.B. Clarke
Colegio “De La Salle” 4: 10. 1946; Abildgaardia setacea Griseb.,
Cat. Pl. Cub. 238. 1866; Fimbristylis grisebachii Greenm. ex Bulbostylis subefimbriata Kük. = Bulbostylis subaphylla C.B. Clarke
Combs, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 7: 474. 1897, non Fimbristylis Bulbostylis tenuifolia (Rudge) J.F. Macbr., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot.
setacea Benth., 1893; Bulbostylis grisebachii (Greenm. ex Combs) Ser. 11: 5. 1931; Scirpus tenuifolius Rudge, Pl. Guian. 1: 18. 1805;
Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 197. 1926. Syntypes: Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke var. tenuifolia (Rudge)
Cuba. C. Wright 1531; 3366 (GOET). C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 89. 1900. Type: French
Fimbristylis cubensis C.B. Clarke, Ill. Cyper. t. 43. 1909. Type: not Guiana. Rudge s.n. (Holotype: BM).
designated. Isolepis bufonia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland &
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Bonaire, and C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 222. 1816; Fimbristylis
Curaçao. bufonia (Kunth) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 291. 1965.
References: 3, 124, 147, 149, 325, 329, 494. Type: Venezuela. Coll. ign. (Holotype: probably in P-HBK).
Bulbostylis stenocarpa Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56(Beibl. 125): 15. 1921. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South
Type: Brazil; Amazonas, Ule 8069 (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: K, US). America.
Bulbostylis papillosa Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 198. References: 3, 30, 147, 149.
1926. Fimbristylis papillosa (Kük.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club Bulbostylis tuerckheimii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 169. 1912; Stenophyllus
92: 290. 1965. Lectotype: Cuba. Ekman 2690 (US; Isolectotype: tuerckheimii (Urb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 446.
S), designated by Strong & Acevedo, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 1916. Type: Dominican Republic. Constanza, Tuerckheim 3277
245. 2005. (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: S, US).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. References: 5, 30, 147.
References: 3, 28, 149, 254, 329.
Bulbostylis vestita (Kunth) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 87.
Bulbostylis stenophylla (Elliott) C.B. Clarke, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, 1900; Isolepis vestita Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 210. 1837; Fimbristylis
Addit. Ser. 8: 26. 1908; Scirpus stenophyllus Elliott, Sketch Bot. vestita (Kunth) Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3(18): 460. 1885;
S. Carolina 1(1): 83. 1816; Fimbristylis stenophylla (Elliott) Alain, Stenophyllus vestitus (Kunth) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43:
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 290. 1965; Stenophyllus stenophyllus 446. 1916. Type: Surinam. Weigelt s.n. (Holotype: B †; Isotype: K).
(Elliott) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 30. 1894. Type: United Bulbostylis hirtella sensu Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 120. 1903, non (Schrad.)
States. South Carolina, Beaufort Co., vicinity of Beaufort, Elliott Nees.
s.n. (Holotype: CHARL). Bulbostylis langsdorffiana sensu C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and southeastern United States. 2: 89. 1900, in part.
References: 3, 147, 149, 325. Scirpus hirtus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 241. 1866. Type: Cuba. C. Wright
Bulbostylis subaphylla C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 86. 3383 (Holotype: GOET; Isotype: GH, US).
1900; Stenophyllus subaphyllus (C.B. Clarke) Britton, Bull. Dept. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central
Agric. Jamaica 5(Suppl. 1): 12. 1907. Type: Cuba; C. Wright 1533 America, and South America.
(Holotype: K). References: 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 149, 325.
Bulbostylis alpestris Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 168. 1912; Stenophyllus Bulbostylis wilsonii (Britton) Kük. = Bulbostylis floccosa (Griseb.) C.B.
alpestris (Urb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 446. 1916; Clarke
Fimbristylis alpestris (Urb.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 290.
Carex albolutescens sensu Barker & Dardeau not Schwein. = Carex Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, and Old World.
longii Mack. References: 147, 254.
Carex cladostachya Wahlenb. = Carex polystachya Sw. ex Wahlenb. Carex longii Mack., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49: 373. 1922. Type: United
States. New Jersey, Cape May County, Long s.n. (Holotype: PH).
Carex cubensis Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 220. 1926.
Carex albolutescens sensu Barker & Dardeau Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist.
Type: Cuba. Oriente, Ekman 14506 (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: G,
New York 1: 66. 1824, not Schwein.
NY, S, US).
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola (Haiti), Puerto Rico, Hawaii,
Carex cubensis Kük. var. flaccida Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World; native
23: 221. 1926. Type: Haiti. Massif de la Hotte, Ekman 5338
to North America.
(Holotype: B †).
References: 5, 28.
Hispaniola. Carex lurida Wahlenb., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24: 153. 1803.
References: 3, 5, 147, 156, 254, 329. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, Mexico, and
Venezuela.
Carex cubensis Kük. var. flaccida Kük. = Carex cubensis Kük.
Reference: 598.
Carex diandra Schrank, Cent. Bot. Anmerk. 57. 1781. Type: Germany.
Carex ovata Burm. f. = Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral
Southern Bavaria, Berghausen s.n. (Holotype: probably at BR).
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, and Old World. Carex polystachya Sw. ex Wahlenb., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl.
References: 147, 149, 254. 24: 149. 1803. Type: Jamaica. Swartz s.n. (Holotype: S-Sw.;
Isotype: S-Sw.).
Carex dussiana Boeckeler = Carex polystachya Sw. ex Wahlenb.
Carex cladostachya Wahlenb., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:
Carex echinata Murray, Prodr. Stirp. Gott. 76. 1770, subsp. echinata. 149. 1803. Type: Jamaica. Swartz s.n. (Holotype: S-Sw).
Lectotype: Germany. Oeder, Fl. Dan., t. 284, 1766, designated by Carex dussiana Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 2: 42. 1890. Type: Martinique.
Reznicek & Ball, Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 14: 191. 1980. Duss 763b (Holotype: B †).
Carex stellulata Gooden. var. angustata J. Carey in A. Gray, Manual Carex flaccida Sw. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 510. 1837. Type: Jamaica.
544. 1848. Type: United States. New York, Fairfield, Coll. ign. (K; Coll. ign. (Holotype: not located).
Isolectotype: GH), designated by Reznicek & Ball, Contr. Univ. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Mich. Herb. 14: 191. 1980. Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia), Mexico, Central
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, Mexico, America, and South America.
Guatemala, Europe, Malesia, Australia, and New Zealand. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147.
References: 5, 30, 147, 254.
Carex polysticha Boeckeler, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren.
Carex ekmanii Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 221. 1926. Kjøbenhavn 1869: 157. 1869; Carex pseudocyperus L. var.
Type: Haiti. Massif de la Selle, Petionville, Ekman 1453 polysticha (Boeckeler) Kük., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg
(Holotype: B †; Isotypes: G, S, US). 47: 210. 1906. Type: Brazil. Lagoa Santa, Warming s.n. (Holotype
Carex ekmanii Kük. var. hottensis Kük. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 9. B †; Isotype: C-2).
1929. Type: Haiti. Massif de la Hotte, Ekman 7312 (Holotype: B †). Carex hystericina sensu C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 159.
Distribution: Endemic to the West Indies; native to Cuba and 1900, non Schkuhr.
Hispaniola. Carex underwoodii Britton, Torreya 5: 10. 1905; Carex hystericina
References: 5, 147, 149, 254, 329. Muhl. ex Willd. var. underwoodii (Britton) Kük. in H.G.A. Engler,
Carex ekmanii Kük. var. hottensis Kük. & Ekman = Carex ekmanii Kük. Pflanzenr. IV, 20 (Heft 38): 700. 1909. Type: Jamaica. Salt Hill
Marsh, Underwood 158 (Holotype: NY).
Carex flaccida Sw. ex Kunth = Carex polystachya Sw. ex Wahlenb. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America,
Carex flagellum J.F. Gmel. = Scleria secans (L.) Urb. and South America.
References: 2, 5, 30, 147, 156, 254.
Carex hamata Sw. = Uncinia hamata (Sw.) Urb.
Carex pseudocyperus L. var. polysticha (Boeckeler) Kük. = Carex
Carex hermaphrodita Jacq. = Cyperus hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Standl.
polysticha Boeckeler
Carex hinnulea C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 159. 1900.
Carex scabrella Wahlenb., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24: 149.
Type: Jamaica, Coll. ign. (Holotype: K).
1803. Type: Jamaica. Swartz s.n. (Holotype: S-Sw.; Isotype: S-Sw.).
Carex laxa Sw. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 513. 1837, nom. illeg.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Central
Note: Not treated by Adams (2).
America.
Carex hystericina sensu C.B. Clarke = Carex polysticha Boeckeler Common Name: Caguazo de caballos (Cuba).
Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd. var. underwoodii (Britton) Kük. = References: 2, 3, 5, 30, 147.
Carex polysticha Boeckeler Carex stellulata Gooden. var. angustata J. Carey = Carex echinata
Carex jamaicensis Poir. = Uncinia hamata (Sw.) Urb. Murray subsp. echinata
Carex laxa Sw. ex Kunth = Carex scabrella Wahlenb. Carex subscabrella Kük., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 8. 1929. Type: Dominican
Republic. Cordillera de Baoruco, De Barahona, in Sierra de los
Carex leptalea Wahlenb., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24: 139. Comisarios, Ekman 6821 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: S).
1803. Type: Pennsylvania. Coll. ign. (Holotype: not located). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic) and North Reference: 5.
America.
References: 147, 254 (Ekman 13842). Carex umbellata Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 290. 1805.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola (Dominican Republic); native to
Carex limosa L., Sp. Pl. 977. 1753. Lectotype: Europe. (LINN North America.
1100.56), designated by Egorova in Sedges Russia: 359. 1999. Reference: 254 (Acevedo 12484).
number 9 8 • 261
Carex underwoodii Britton = Carex polysticha Boeckeler Cyperus flavus (Vahl) Nees, Linnaea 19: 698. 1847, non J. Presl &
C. Presl, 1828; Mariscus flavus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 374. 1805.
Carex virescens Muhl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 251. 1805. Type: United
Lectotype: St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, Von Rohr 70 (C-Vahl),
States. Muehlenberg s.n. (Holotype: B-Willd. 17182).
designated by G.C. Tucker & McVaugh in McVaugh, Fl. Novo-
Distribution: Native to Jamaica and North America.
Galiciana 13: 279. 1993.
Cyperus productus C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Note: Cited for Jamaica by Urban (30) based on a specimen in the
Habana 8: 77. 1871. Type: Cuba. C. Wright s.n. (Holotype:
Goodenough herbarium at K.
probably at GOET; Isotype: GH).
Carex vulpinoidea Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 169. 1803. Type: Canada. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Michaux s.n. (Holotype: P-Michx; Isotype: P-Michx.) Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic), North Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad,
America, and Mexico; exotic in Europe. Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 147, 254 (Jiménez 3557). References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 149, 254, 301, 324.
Chaetospora globosa Kunth = Rhynchospora globosa (Kunth) Roem. & Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl. var. gigas (Lindm.) Guagl., Hickenia
Schult. var. globosa 2(31): 137. 1995; Mariscus flavus Vahl var. gigas Lindm., Bih.
Chaetospora pterocarpa Kunth = Rhynchospora barbata (Vahl) Kunth Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 26(3, 9): 10. 1900. Type:
Brazil. Matto Grosso, vic. Cuyabá, Lindman 1268 (Holotype: S).
Cladium cubense Kük. = Machaerina cubensis (Kük.) T. Koyama Distribution: Native to Cuba and South America.
Cladium ekmanii Kük. = Machaerina ekmanii (Kük.) T. Koyama References: 147, 149.
Cladium filifolium (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. = Machaerina filifolia Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb., Descr. Pl. Rar. 20. 1772; Juncellus
Griseb. alopecuroides (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind.
6: 595. 1893. Type: Arabia, Forsskål s.n. (Holotype: probably in
Cladium jamaicense Crantz Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 362. 1766; Cladium
C-Rottb).
mariscus (L.) Pohl subsp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kük., Repert.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40: 523. 1938; Mariscus jamaicensis
Galante, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Lucia) and United States (FL);
(Crantz) Britton in J.K. Small, Fl. Miami 3. 1913. Lectotype:
native to Old World (southern Europe, Africa, tropical Asia,
Jamaica. Browne s.n. (LINN 68.2), designated by McVaugh, Fl.
Malesia, and Australia).
Novo-Galiciana 13: 268. 1993.
References: 1, 30, 147, 150.
Cladium mariscus sensu Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 124. 1903, non (L.) Pohl.
Schoenus cladium Sw., Prodr. 19. 1788. Type: Jamaica. Swartz s.n. Cyperus alternifolius sensu authors, non L. = Cyperus involucratus
(Holotype: S-Sw.). Rottb.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Cyperus alternifolius L. subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.) Kük. = Cyperus
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, involucratus Rottb.
Guadeloupe, St. Lucia), southeastern United States, Mexico,
Central America, and South America. Cyperus amabilis Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 318. 1805. Lectotype: Guinea.
Common Names: Saw grass (Bahamas), Cortadera, Cortadera de Thonning s.n. (Isolectotype: C), designated by G.C. Tucker &
ciénaga, Cortadera de dos filos (Cuba), Caña amarga, Cortadera, McVaugh in McVaugh, Fl. Novo-Galiciana 3: 280.1993.
Cuchillito, Cumaní (Dominican Republic), Herbe rasoir, Z’herbe Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
rasoir (Haiti), Saw grass (Jamaica), Cortadora de ciénaga, southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, South
Serrucho (Puerto Rico). America, and Old World.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 28, 30, 45, 61, 123, 131, 147, 149, 254. References: 3, 5, 30, 324, 494.
Cladium mariscus sensu Urb. = Cladium jamaicense Crantz Cyperus amentaceus Rudge = Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link
Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl subsp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kük. = Cladium Cyperus amphekes Steud. = Cyperus thyrsiflorus Jungh.
jamaicense Crantz Cyperus anceps Liebm. = Cyperus thysiflorus Jungh.
Cladium restioides (Sw.) Benth. ex C.B. Clarke = Machaerina restioides Cyperus antillanus (Kük.) O’Neill, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
(Sw.) Vahl Colegio “De La Salle” 6: 9. 1946; Cyperus refractus Engelm. ex
Cladium restioides (Sw.) Benth. ex C.B. Clarke var. effusum (Griseb.) Boeckeler var. antillanus Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
C.B. Clarke = Machaerina effusa (Griseb.) M.T. Strong 23: 222. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Prov. Havana, Sierra de Anafe,
Ekman 673; 1106 (B †).
Crepidocarpus cubensis (Poepp. & Kunth) Klotzsch ex Boeckeler = Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Oxycaryum cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Palla References: 3, 147, 149, 254, 329.
Cyperus acicularis (Nees) Steud. = Cyperus odoratus L. Cyperus aristatus Rottb. = Cyperus squarrosus L.
Cyperus acuminatus sensu Bello = Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. Cyperus articulatus L., Sp. Pl. 44. 1753. Lectotype: Jamaica. Sloane,
Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl., Cat. Horti Vindob. 1: 93. 1842, var. Voy. Jamaica 1: t. 81, f. 1. 1707, designated by G.C. Tucker, Syst.
aggregatus; Mariscus aggregatus Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 70. 1809. Bot. Monogr. 2: 42. 1983.
Type: based on a cultivated plant (Holotype: B-Willd. 1426). Cyperus nodosus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 72. 1809.
Cyperus cayennensis (Lam.) Britton, Bull. Dept. Agric. Jamaica Type: South America. Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype:
5(Suppl. 1): 8. 1907, non Link, 1821; Kyllinga cayennensis Lam., B-Willd. 1282).
Tabl. Encycl. 1: 149. 1791; Mariscus cayennensis (Lam.) Urb., Cyperus subnodosus Nees & Meyen, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-
Symb. Antill. 2: 165. 1900. Type: French Guiana. Von Rohr s.n. Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 59. 1843. Type: Peru. Tacna, Meyen
(Holotype: P-Lam.). s.n. (Holotype: B †).
Cyperus flavamariscus Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 567. 1864. Lectotype: Distribution: Pantropical and warm temperate regions; native to Cuba,
Cuba. Monte Verde, C. Wright 730 (GOET), here designated. Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix,
St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Cyperus compressus L. var. capillaceus C.B. Clarke = Cyperus
Martinique, Nevis, St. Lucia), Curaçao, Margarita, Trinidad, compressus L.
southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, South Cyperus confertus Sw., Prodr. 20. 1788; Mariscus confertus (Sw.) C.B.
America, and Old World tropics. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 50. 1900. Lectotype: Jamaica.
Common Names: Camelote, Junco (Cuba), Junco, Junquillo Swartz s.n. (S-Sw.; Isolectotypes: B-Willd. 1349, S), designated by
(Dominican Republic), Junco cimarrón (Puerto Rico). Strong & Acevedo in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 262. 2005.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 123, 131, 147, 301, 323, 324, 494. Cyperus confertus Sw. f. debilior Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Cyperus autumnalis Vahl = Cyperus haspan L. 23: 188. 1926. Cyperus confertus Sw. var. debilior (Kük.) Kük.
ex Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(9): 14. 1929. Syntypes: Haiti. Nord.
Cyperus balbisii Kunth = Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb.
Bayeux, Ekman 2606 (B; isosyntypes: NY, S, US); Ile la Tortue,
Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Endl. ex Hassk. = Kyllinga brevifolia Ekman 4241 (B).
Rottb. Cyperus jamaicensis Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 5:
Cyperus brizaeus Vahl = Cyperus brunneus Sw. 166. 1817. Type: not designated.
Cyperus brunneus sensu Griseb. = Cyperus planifolius Rich. Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin
Cyperus brunneus Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 116. 1797; Cyperus Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Barthélemy), Aruba,
planifolius Rich. var. brunneus (Sw.) Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Bonaire, Curaçao, Tobago, and Venezuela.
Regni Veg. 23: 189. 1926; Mariscus brunneus (Sw.) C.B. Clarke in Common Name: Capitate cyperus (Bahamas).
I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 51. 1900. Type: West Indies. Swartz s.n. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147, 149, 156, 301, 329, 494.
(Holotype: S-Sw.; Isotype: M). Cyperus confertus Sw. f. debilior Kük. = Cyperus confertus Sw.
Cyperus brizaeus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 316. 1805, nom. illeg.; Mariscus
brizaeus C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 52. 1900. Cyperus constanzae Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 168. 1912. Type: Dominican
Lectotype: French Guiana; Cayenne, Richard s.n. (C-Vahl), Republic, prope Constanza, Tuerckheim 3051 (Holotype: B, extant).
designated by G.C. Tucker, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 43: 145. 1994. Cyperus ignotus Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 442. 1916. Type:
Cyperus discolor Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 7. 1888. Type: St. Thomas, Jamaica. Vicinity of Vinegar Hill, St. George, Harris 12350
U.S. Virgin Islands. Kuntze s.n. (Holotype: B, †). (Holotype: NY; Isotype: US).
Cyperus krugii Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 8. 1888. Type: Puerto Rico; Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Jamaica and
Bayamon. Sintenis s.n. (Holotype: B †). Hispaniola.
Cyperus ottonis Boeckeler, Linnaea 36: 350. 1870; Cyperus planifolius References: 2, 3, 5, 30, 149, 156, 210.
Rich. var. ottonis (Boeckeler) Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Cyperus correllii (T. Koyama) G.C. Tucker, Sida 10: 305. 1984;
23: 188. 1926. Type: Cuba. Otto s.n. (Holotype: B †). Torulinium correllii T. Koyama, Brittonia 28: 252. 1976. Type:
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Bahamas. Grand Bahama, Bootle Bay village are, D.S. Correll
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix), Lesser Antilles 40673 (Holotype: NY; Isotype: FTG).
(Anguilla, Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Vincent), and Mexico. References: 45, 147, 156.
Common Names: Coast cyperus, Sand cyperus (Bahamas).
Cyperus corticatus C. Wright = Cyperus gardneri Nees
References: 1, 4, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 152, 240, 254, 329.
Cyperus corymbosus Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. 42. 1773. Type:
Cyperus calcicola Britton = Cyperus unifolius Boeckeler
Surinam. Rolander s.n. (Holotype: C).
Cyperus camagueyensis Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 59. 1920. Distribution: Native to Cuba, South America, Africa, and Indo-China.
Type: Cuba. La Gloria, Camaguëy, Shafer 196 (Holotype: NY). Reference: 147.
Cyperus croceus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 357. 1805. Type: United States.
South Carolina, Bosc s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl).
Cyperus caribaeus Pers. = Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral Cyperus cyclostachyus Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 567. 1864. Type: Jamaica.
Cyperus cayennensis (Lam.) Britton = Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl. Without data (Holotype: probably at GOET).
var. aggregatus Cyperus echinatus (L.) Alph. Wood var. multiflorus Britton, Bull. Torrey
Bot. Club 15: 99. 1888. Type: United States. Florida, Chapman
Cyperus caymanensis Millsp. = Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler s.n. (Holotype: NY).
ex Kük. Cyperus globulosus sensu authors, non Aubl.
Cyperus compresso-triqueter Boeckeler = Cyperus mutisii (Kunth) Cyperus globulosus Aubl. var. multiflorus Kük. & Ekman, Ark. Bot.
Andersson 22A(17): 4. 1929. Type: Haiti: Ile La Gonave, La Source, Ekman
8842 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: S?).
Cyperus compressus L., Sp. Pl. 46. 1753. Lectotype: Jamaica, Sloane,
Mariscus echinatus sensu C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 43.
Voy. Jamaica 1: t. 76, f. 1. 1707, designated by Du Puy et al. in
1900, non Elliott.
A.S. George et al. (eds.), Fl. Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2): 446.
1993.
Rico, United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Cyperus compressus L. var. capillaceus C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 45, 147, 149, 150, 156, 254.
Antill. 2: 32. 1900. Type: Dominica. Imray 430 (Holotype:
probably at K). Cyperus cubanus Liebm. = Cyperus odoratus L.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan; native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Cyperus cubensis Steud. = Cyperus elegans L.
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St.
Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique, Cyperus cuspidatus Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
St. Lucia), Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, United States, Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 204. 1816.
Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World. Type: Venezuela, along Orinoco River, vicinity of Maypures,
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 45, 61, 301, 340, 494. Bonpland 5049 (Holotype: P-HBK; Isotype: B-Willd. 1299).
number 9 8 • 263
Cyperus uncinatus Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 7: 247. Cyperus discolor Boeckeler = Cyperus odoratus L.
1806. Type: Madagascar. Du Petit-Thouars s.n. (Holotype: P; Cyperus dissitiflorus Nees ex Torr. = Cyperus thyrsiflorus Jungh.
Isotype: P).
Cyperus uncinatus Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 12. 1825, Cyperus distans L. f., Suppl. Pl. 103. 1782 [“1781”]. Type: India.
nom. illeg. Kerala, Malabar, Coll. ign. (Holotype: C-Rottb.; Isotype: C-Vahl).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, southeastern United States, Mexico, Central Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
America, South America, Africa, SE Asia, Malesia, and Australia. (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
References: 3, 7, 30, 147, 254. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts), Margarita, Tobago,
Trinidad, United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, South
Cyperus cyclostachyus Griseb. = Cyperus croceus Vahl America, Africa, Asia, Malesia, Australia, and Pacific Region.
Cyperus cylindrostachys Boeckeler = Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze References: 1, 2, 5, 19, 28, 61, 147, 301, 323.
Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Suringar, Gesl. Cyperus 154. 1898; Kyllinga Cyperus distinctus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 24. 1854. Type: United
cyperina Retz., Observ. Bot. 6: 21. 1791; Mariscus cyperinus States. Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Coll. ign. (Holotype: probably
(Retz.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 377. 1805. Type: India. Koenig. s.n. at P).
(Holotype: C-Koenig). Cyperus pseudovegetus sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 45. 1920,
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Tobago, and non Steud.
South America; native to Asia and Pacific Region. Cyperus virens Michx. var. brittonii C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb.
References: 147, 149, 326. Antill. 2: 26. 1900. Lectotype: United States. Florida, Curtis 3062
(K; Isolectotypes: CAS, F, GH, M, MICH, MO, NY), designated
Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 333. 1898;
by Denton, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 11(4): 219. 1978.
Scirpus cyperoides L., Mant. Pl. 2: 181. 1771; Mariscus cyperoides
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and southeastern United States.
(L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 164. 1900. Lectotype: “Habitat in India
orientali. Koenig. s.n.” (LINN 71.42), designated by Gordon-Gray
Note: Cited for Guadeloupe by C.B. Clarke in protologue of Cyperus
in Strelitzia 2: 136. 1995.
virens Michx. var. brittonii, based on L’Herminier 44. This
Cyperus cylindrostachyus Boeckeler, Linnaea 36: 383. 1870. Syntype:
specimen was not located.
Mauritius, Sieber 3 (B-2, G).
Cyperus umbellatus (Rottb.) Benth, Fl. Hongk. 386. 1861, nom. illeg., Cyperus drummondii Torr. & Hook., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New
non Burman f., 1768; Kyllinga umbellata Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. York 3: 437. 1836. Lectotype: United States. Texas, Drummond
Pl. 15. 1773, nom. illeg.; Mariscus umbellatus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 449 (K; isolectoytpes: B, GH, NY fragm, OXF), designated by
376. 1805. Type: India. Koenig s.n. (Holotype: C-Koenig). Denton, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 11: 262. 1978.
Kyllinga sumatrensis Retz., Observ. Bot. 4: 13. 1786; Mariscus Distribution: Native to Jamaica, southeastern United States, Central
sumatrensis (Retz.) J. Raynal, Adansonia, n.s., 15: 110. 1975. America, and South America.
Type: Sumatra. Wennerberg s.n. (Holotype: probably at LD). References: 147, 150, 156, 467.
Mariscus sieberianus Nees ex C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. Note: Cited for Jamaica by Denton (467) based on Britton 460 (NY).
6: 622. 1893. Type: not designated. Cyperus echinatus (L.) Alph. Wood var. multiflorus Britton = Cyperus
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Tobago, croceus Vahl
Trinidad, and South America; native to Africa, Asia, Malesia, and
Pacific Region. Cyperus eggersii Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 53. 1888, var. eggersii;
References: 1, 2, 30, 147, 165, 254, 301. Torulinium eggersii (Boeckeler) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb.
Antill. 2: 56. 1900; Cyperus macrocephalus Liebm. var. eggersii
Cyperus densicaespitosus Mattf. & Kük. = Kyllinga pumila Michx. (Boeckeler) S.D. Jones, Wipff & R. Carter, Phytologia 80:
Cyperus densus Link = Cyperus lanceolatus Poir. 289. 1996. Lectotype: Dominican Republic. Eggers 2627 (B-2;
Isolectotype: C), designated by G.C. Tucker, Syst. Bot. Monogr.
Cyperus difformis L., Cent. Pl. 2, 6. 1756. Lectotype: India. Coll. ign.
43: 181. 1994.
(LINN 70.10), designated by G.C. Tucker, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 43:
Cyperus ligularis sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 238. 1866, non L.
50. 1994.
Cyperus odoratus sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 237. 1866, non L.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and
Antilles (St. Lucia), United States, Mexico, Central America, and
South America.
South America; native to Old World.
References: 3, 5, 28, 30, 124, 147.
References: 2, 28, 223, 254.
Cyperus eggersii Boeckeler var. laticeps Kük. in H.G.A. Engler,
Cyperus diffusus Vahl subsp. chalaranthus sensu T. Koyama = Cyperus
Pflanzenr., IV, 20(Heft 101): 623. 1936. Syntypes: Dominican
laxus Lam.
Republic. Valle del Cibao, Ekman 12583 (B); Haiti. Port de Paix,
Cyperus diffusus Vahl subsp. tolucensis (Kunth) Borhidi = Cyperus Ekman 3656 (B, US); Haiti. Massif de la Selle, Jacmel, Ekman
laxus Lam. 5960 (B); Ecuador. Balao, Eggers 14637 (B).
Cyperus digitatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 209. 1820. Type: India. Roxburgh Torulinium macrocephalum (Liebm.) C.B. Clarke var. davidsei C.D.
s.n. (Holotype: K). Adams, Phytologia 63: 300. 1987. Type: Trinidad. Davidse 2477
Cyperus fastuosus Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 12. 1825. Type: (Holotype: MO).
Puerto Rico. Ledru s.n. (Holotype: P-Desv.; Isotype: P-Desv.). Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Trinidad, and South America.
Cyperus giganteus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 238. 1866, nom. illeg. References: 149, 301, 327.
Distribution: Native? to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Cyperus ehrenbergianus Boeckeler = Cyperus mutisii (Kunth)
Antilles (St. Lucia), Trinidad, United States (FL, LA, TX), Mexico, Andersson
Central America, South America, Africa, East Asia, Malesia, and
Cyperus ehrenbergii Kunth = Cyperus flexuosus Vahl
Australia.
Common Name: Yerba de canuto (Dominican Republic). Cyperus ehrenbergii Kunth f. fulvescens Kük. = Cyperus flexuosus Vahl
References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 123, 124, 147, 223, 254, 301. Cyperus ehrenbergii Kunth f. pallidiflorus Kük. = Cyperus flexuosus Vahl
Cyperus ekmanii Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 186. Cyperus esculentus L. var. phymatodes Kük. = Cyperus esculentus L.
1926; Mariscus ekmanii (Kük.) T. Koyama, Phytologia 29: 73.
Cyperus familiaris Steud. = Cyperus odoratus L.
1974. Lectotype: Cuba. Oriente, Gamboa, Ekman 14980 (US;
Isolectotype: S), here designated. Cyperus fastuosus Desv. ex Ham. = Cyperus digitatus Roxb.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cyperus ferax Rich. = Cyperus odoratus L.
References: 3, 147, 149, 156, 329.
Cyperus filiculmis A. Rich. = Cyperus lanceolatus Poir.
Cyperus elatus Griseb. = Cyperus giganteus Vahl
Cyperus filiformis Sw., Prodr. 20. 1788; Torulinium filiforme (Sw.)
Cyperus elegans L., Sp. Pl. 45. 1753. Lectotype: Jamaica. Sloane, C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 57. 1900. Type: Jamaica.
Voy. Jamaica 1: t. 75, f. 1. 1707, designated by G.C. Tucker & Swartz s.n. (Holotype: S-Sw.; Isotypes: B-Willd. 1292, C).
McVaugh, Fl. Novo-Galiciana 13: 292. 1993. Cyperus filiformis Sw. f. filifolius Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Cyperus cubensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 42. 1854. Type: Cuba. 23: 190. 1926. Type: Cuba. Oriente, Sierra maestra, Ekman 7284
Coll. ign. (Holotype: P). (Holotype: B †).
Cyperus viscosus Sw., Prodr. 20. 1788; Scirpus viscosus (Sw.) Lam., Cyperus filiformis Sw. f. robustior Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Tabl. Encycl. 1: 42. 1791. Type: Jamaica. Swartz s.n. (Holotype: 23: 190. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Oriente, Ekman 3072, 4670 (B †);
S-Sw.). Haiti. Dept. Sud, Port-à-Piment, Ekman 693 (B †).
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Cyperus filiformis Sw. f. subfilifolius Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St. John, Veg. 23: 191. 1926. Type: Cuba. Prov. Havana, Ekman 1095
St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, (Holotype: B †).
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Cyperus havanensis (Kunth) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 84. 1837; Mariscus
Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and havanensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
South America. & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 212. 1816; Cyperus
Common Names: Viscid cyperus (Bahamas), Yerba de cuchillo (Cuba). filiformis Sw. var. havanensis (Kunth) Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 30, 45, 61, 254, 301, 494. Regni Veg. 23: 190. 1926. Type: Cuba. Vicinity of Monte Regla,
Cyperus entrerianus Boeckeler, Flora 61: 139. 1878; Cyperus Humboldt & Bonpland 486 (Holotype: P-HBK).
luzulae (L.) Rottb. ex Retz. var. entrerianus (Boeckeler) Barros, Cyperus underwoodii Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 59. 1920.
Anales Mus. Argent. Ci. Nat. “Bernardino Rivadavia” 39: 309. Type: Cuba. Santiago de Cuba, Underwood 1694 (Holotype: NY).
1938. Type: Argentina. Concepción del Uruguay, Lorentz s.n. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
(Holotype: B). Jamaica, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Mexico, and South America.
South America. Exotic in southeastern United States. Common Names: Slender cyperus (Bahamas), Pajón de costa (Cuba).
References: 2, 3, 150. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147, 150, 156, 254, 329, 494.
Cyperus eragrostis Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 196. 1791. Type: South Cyperus filiformis Sw. f. coloratus Kük. = Cyperus floridanus Britton
America. Coll. ign. (Holotype: not located; probably at P). Cyperus filiformis Sw. f. filifolius Kük. = Cyperus filiformis Sw.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, western North America, and South
America. Cyperus filiformis Sw. f. robustior Kük. = Cyperus filiformis Sw.
References: 147, 254. Cyperus filiformis Sw. f. subfilifolius Kük. = Cyperus filiformis Sw.
Cyperus esculentus L., Sp. Pl. 45. 1753. Lectotype: “Habitat Monspelii, Cyperus filiformis Sw. var. densiceps Kük. = Cyperus floridanus Britton
inque Italia, Oriente.” Bauhin, Theatr. Botanici, 222, 1658,
Cyperus filiformis Sw. var. havanensis (Kunth) Kük. = Cyperus
designated by Simpson in C.E. Jarvis et al., Regnum Veg. 127: 41.
filiformis Sw.
1993.
Cyperus esculentus L. var. macrostachyus Boeckeler, Linnaea 36: 291. Cyperus flavescens L., Sp. Pl. 46. 1753; Pycreus flavescens (L.)
1870; Cyperus lutescens Torr. & Hook., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. P. Beauv. ex Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 72. 1830. Lectotype: Herb.
New York 3: 433. 1836. Type: United States. Texas, Drummond Burser 1: 81 (UPS), designated by Kukkonen in Cafferty & C.E.
452 (Holotype: NY; Isotypes: B, BM, GH, K). Jarvis (ed.), Taxon 53: 178. 2004.
Cyperus phymatodes Muhl., Descr. Gram. 23. 1817; Cyperus esculentus Distribution: Cosmopolitan; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
L. var. leptostachyus Boeckeler, Linnaea 36: 290. 1870; Cyperus Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica), Trinidad, North America,
esculentus L. var. phymatodes (Muhl.) Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World.
Regni Veg. 23: 185. 1926. Type: Pennsylvania. Muehlenberg Herb. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 61, 161, 254, 301.
28 (Holotype: PH; Isotype: B-Willd). Cyperus flavus (Vahl) Nees = Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl. var.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan; exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, aggregatus
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Thomas),
Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Cyperus flexuosus Griseb. = Cyperus flexuosus Vahl
Margarita, Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central America, Cyperus flexuosus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 359. 1805; Torulinium flexuosum
and South America; native to Old World. (Vahl) T. Koyama, Phytologia 29: 74. 1974; Diclidium vahlii
Common Names: Yellow nut-grass (Bahamas), Chufa (Cuba), Coquillo Schrad. ex Nees in Martius, Fl. Bras. 2: 53. 1842, nom. superfl.;
(Dominican Republic), Tiger nut (Jamaica), Chufas (Puerto Rico). Cyperus vahlii (Schrad. ex Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 48.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 123, 131, 147, 149, 150, 156, 1854, nom. superfl.; Torulinium vahlii (Schrad. ex Nees) C.B.
254, 301, 323, 329, 494. Clarke, nom. superfl. Type: St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. von
Cyperus esculentus L. var. leptostachyus Boeckeler = Cyperus Rohr 173 (Holotype: C-Vahl; photo at F and US).
esculentus L. Cyperus ehrenbergii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 89. 1837. Lectotype: St.
Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Ehrenberg 77 (HAL), designated by
Cyperus esculentus L. var. macrostachyus Boeckeler = Cyperus Strong & Acevedo, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 269. 2005.
esculentus L.
number 9 8 • 265
Cyperus ehrenbergii Kunth f. fulvescens Kük., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): Cyperus elatus Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 566. 1864, nom. illeg.
5. 1929. Type: Haiti. Massif du Nord, vicinity of Port-de-Paix, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Ekman 9833 (Holotype: B †). Trinidad, United States (LA, TX), Mexico, Central America, and
Cyperus ehrenbergii Kunth f. pallidiflorus Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. South America.
Regni Veg. 23: 190. 1926. Type: Cuba. Bayate, Wegen, Ekman Common Names: Canutillo, Molinillo, Paragüillo (Dominican
2603 (Holotype: B †). Republic), Junco de ciénaga (Puerto Rico).
Cyperus flexuosus Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 566. 1864, nom. illeg. References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 123, 131, 147, 254, 301.
Cyperus insignis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 92. 1837; Cyperus flexuosus Vahl Cyperus globulosus sensu authors, non Aubl. = Cyperus croceus Vahl
var. insignis (Kunth) Kük. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 20 (Heft
101): 622. 1936.Type: Guadeloupe. Bertero s.n. (Holotype: B †). Cyperus globulosus Aubl. = Cyperus luzulae (L.) Rottb. ex Retz.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Virgin Islands Cyperus globulosus Aubl. var. multiflorus Kük. & Ekman = Cyperus
(St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, croceus Vahl
Montserrat), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Cyperus guatemalensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 47. 1854. Type:
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 19, 28, 30, 61, 147, 149, 161, 254, 329.
Guatemala. Kegel 1270 (Holotype: GOET?).
Cyperus flexuosus Vahl var. insignis (Kunth) Kük. = Cyperus flexuosus Vahl Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe) and Central
Cyperus floridanus Britton in J.K. Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 170. 1903. Type: America.
United States. Florida, Key West, Blodgett s.n. (Holotype: NY; References: 30, 147.
fragment at US). Cyperus hahnianus Boeckeler = Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var.
Cyperus filiformis Sw. f. coloratus Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni polystachyos
Veg. 23: 190. 1926. Type: Cuba. Pinar del Rio, Ekman 11369
Cyperus harrisii Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 191. 1926.
(Holotype: B †).
Type: Jamaica. King’s House Grounds, St. Andrew, Harris 12412
Cyperus filiformis Sw. var. densiceps Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
(Holotype: B †).
Veg. 23: 190. 1926. Lectotype: Cuba. Oriente, Ekman 7803 (NY;
Isolectotype fragment: US), designated by Strong & Acevedo-
References: 2, 147, 149, 329.
Rodríguez, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 270. 2005.
Cyperus kingsii C.D. Adams ex Proctor, Sloanea 1: 1. 1977. Type: Cyperus hartii Boeckeler = Cyperus tenuis Sw.
Cayman Islands. Grand Cayman, W. Kings GC410 (Holotype: BM). Cyperus haspan L., Sp. Pl. 45. 1753. Lectotype: India, Herbarium
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Hermann 2: 43, No. 37 (BM), designated by McGivney, Catholic
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and United States (FL). Univ. Amer., Biol. Series 26(1-17): 45. 1938.
References: 3, 4, 28, 45, 147, 156, 165, 254, 329. Cyperus autumnalis Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 318. 1805; Cyperus haspan
Cyperus formosus Vahl = Cyperus virens Michx. var. virens L. var. americanus Boeckeler, Linnaea 35: 575. 1868. Type: United
States, “Carolina,” Bosc s.n. (Holotype: C).
Cyperus fugax Liebm., Mexic. Halvgr. 196. 1850; Cyperus
Cyperus haspan L. subsp. juncoides (Lam.) Kük. var. amplissimus Kük.,
polystachyos Rottb. f. fugax (Liebm.) Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 184. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba,
Regni Veg. 23: 184. 1926. Type: Mexico. Oaxaca, Jocotepec,
Pinar del Rio, Ekman 16657 (B); Herradura, Ekman 10739 (B);
Liebmann 14413 (Holotype: C; Isotypes: GH, NY).
Sábalo, Laguna Ceiba, Ekman 11406 (B).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and
Cyperus haspan L. subsp. juncoides (Lam.) Kük. var. firmicaulis Kük.,
United States (LA, TX).
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 184. 1926. Type: Cuba, Isla de
References: 3, 147, 156, 254, 324.
Pinos, La Siguanéa, Ekman 12188 (Holotype: B †).
Cyperus fuligineus Chapm., Fl. South. U.S. 511. 1860; Mariscus Cyperus juncoides Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 147. 1791. Cyperus haspan
fuligineus (Chapm.) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: L. subsp. juncoides (Lam.) Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
290. 1907. Type: United States. Florida, Key West, Chapman s.n. 23. 184. 1926. Type: United States. Coll. ign. (Holotype: P-Lam.).
(Holotype: NY; fragment at US). Distribution: Pantropical; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Rico, Trinidad, United States, Mexico, Central America, South
Islands (Anegada), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla), Bonaire, Curaçao, America, Africa, Asia, and Pacific Region.
and United States (FL). References: 2, 3, 28, 30, 61, 147, 149, 254, 301, 329.
References: 1, 3, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 150, 156, 254, 494.
Cyperus haspan L. subsp. juncoides (Lam.) Kük. var. amplissimus Kük.
Cyperus gardneri Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(1): 34. = Cyperus haspan L.
1842. Type: Brazil. Pernambuco, Gardner 1213 (Holotype: BM;
Cyperus haspan L. subsp. juncoides (Lam.) Kük. var. firmicaulis Kük. =
Isotypes: G-2, K-2, NY-2, P-3, US-2).
Cyperus haspan L.
Cyperus corticatus C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Habana 8: 75. 1871. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 3750 (Holotype: Cyperus haspan L. var. americanus Boeckeler = Cyperus haspan L.
probably at GOET). Cyperus havanensis (Kunth) Kunth = Cyperus filiformis Sw.
Cyperus gardneri Nees var. vegetior Kük. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr.,
IV, 20(Heft 101): 164. 1936. Type: Cuba. Laguna de Castellano, Cyperus hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18:
Habana, Wilson 1344 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: US-2). 88. 1916; Carex hermaphrodita Jacq., Collectanea 4: 174. 1791
Distribution: Native to Cuba, El Salvador, and South America. [“1790”]; Mariscus jacquinii Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt,
References: 3, 30, 147. A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 216.
1816, nom. superfl.; Mariscus hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Urb., Symb.
Cyperus giganteus Griseb. = Cyperus digitatus Roxb. Antill. 2: 165. 1900. Type: Venezuela. Vicinity of Caracas, Coll.
Cyperus giganteus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 364. 1805. Type: Puerto Rico. ign. (Holotype: not located).
West s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl, photo at F, US; Isotypes: B, C, Cyperus incompletus (Jacq.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 319. 1827; Kyllinga
fragment at US). incompleta Jacq., Collectanea 4: 101. 1791 [“1790”]; Mariscus
incompletus (Jacq.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 165. 1900. Type: Cyperus lacunosus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 237. 1866. Type: Cuba.
Venezuela. Vicinity of Caracas, Coll. ign. (Holotype: not located). C. Wright 3360 (Holotype: GOET; Isotypes: G-3, K, S, US).
Mariscus jacquinii Kunth var. angustior C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Symb. Antill. 2: 46. 1900. Syntypes: St. Vincent, Smith 243 (K); References: 3, 124, 254.
Martinique, Belanger 792 (K). Cyperus laevigatus L., Mant. Pl. 2: 179. 1771; Pycreus laevigatus
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (L.) Nees, Linnaea 10: 130. 1835; Juncellus laevigatus (L.) C.B.
(Grenada, Martinique, St. Lucia), United States (TX, AR), Mexico, Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 596. 1893. Lectotype:
Central America, and South America. South Africa. Cape of Good Hope, Koenig s.n. (LINN 70.13),
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 30, 147, 149, 324, 327. designated by G.C. Tucker & McVaugh in McVaugh (ed.), Fl.
Cyperus humilis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 23. 1837. Type: Cuba. Poeppig Novo-Galiciana 13: 308. 1993.
s.n. (Holotype: B; Isotypes: BR, HAL, P). Distribution: Pantropical; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Cyperus humilus Kunth var. elatior Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15: Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser
99. 1888. Type: Guatemala. Alta Verapaz, Cobán, Tuerckheim Antilles (Anguilla, Barbados, Nevis), southern United States,
705 (Holotype: NY; Isotypes: BKL, F, GH, MICH, TEX). Mexico, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico and Central and Pacific Region.
America. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 254, 327.
Common Name: Pelo de puerco (Cuba). Cyperus lanceolatus Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 7: 245.
References: 2, 3, 5, 30, 147, 156, 254, 324, 327. 1806; Pycreus lanceolatus (Poir.) C.B. Clarke, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5:
Cyperus hydra Ham. = Cyperus rotundus L. 538. 1894. Type: Madagascar. Du Petit-Thouars s.n. (Holotype: P).
Cyperus densus Link, Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(3): 83. 1820; Pycreus
Cyperus ignotus Britton = Cyperus constanzae Urb.
densus (Link) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 164. 1900. Type: “America
Cyperus imbricatus Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 12. 1788. Type: India. australis,” Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype: B-Willd. 1311).
Koenig s.n. (Holotype: LD; Isotype: C-Koenig). Cyperus filiculmis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Cyperus radiatus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 369. 1805, nom. illeg. 285. 1850, nom. illeg. Type: Cuba. Sagra s.n. (Holotype: P).
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Cyperus helvus Liebm., Mexic. Halvgr. 197. 1850; Pycreus helvus
Antilles (Dominica, Grenada), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, (Liebm.) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 19. 1900.
and South America; native to Africa, Asia, and Pacific Region. Syntypes: Mexico. Veracruz: Mecapalco, Liebmann 14408 (C);
References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 254, 301. Huitamalco, Liebmann 14406 (C); Antigua, Liebmann 14406 (C).
Cyperus incompletus (Jacq.) Link = Cyperus hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Cyperus jacquemontii Boeckeler, Linnaea 35: 442. 1868. Type:
Standl. Dominican Republic. Jacquemont s.n. (Holotype: B †).
Cyperus lanceolatus Poir. var. compositus J. & K. Presl, Reliq. Haenk.
Cyperus incompletus sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Cyperus mutisii 1(3): 167. 1830. Type: probably from Mexico, Haenke s.n.
(Kunth) Andersson (Holotype: not located; Isotype: HAL).
Cyperus insignis Kunth = Cyperus flexuosus Vahl Cyperus olfersianus Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 10. 1837; Pycreus olfersianus
(Kunth) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 164. 1900. Type: Uruguay.
Cyperus involucratus Rottb., Descr. Pl. Rar. 22. 1772; Cyperus
Montevideo, Coll. ign. (Holotype: B †).
flabelliformis Rottb., Descr. Icon. Pl. Rar. 42. 1773, nom. illeg.;
Cyperus olfersianus Kunth var. elatior Boeckeler, Linnaea 35: 440.
Cyperus alternifolius L. subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.) Kük. in
1868. Syntypes: Cuba. Sagra s.n. (B); Mexico. Franco s.n. (B).
H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 20 (Heft 101): 193. 1936. Lectotype:
Cyperus variegatus Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 562. 1864, nom. illeg.
Arabia. Forsskål s.n. (C-Rottb.), designated by Baijnath, Kew Bull.
Pycreus propinquus Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(1): 7. 1842.
30: 522. 1975.
Type: South America. Brazil, Gardner 714 (Holotype: M).
Cyperus alternifolius sensu authors, non L.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, southeastern United
States, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
References: 2, 3, 5, 30, 147, 149, 254, 324, 327.
Dominica, Guadeloupe, St. Lucia), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad,
southern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South Cyperus lanceolatus Poir. var. compositus J. & K. Presl = Cyperus
America; native to Arabia and tropical East and South Africa. lanceolatus Poir.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 45, 61, 254, 301, 323. Cyperus laxus Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 146. 1791. Lectotype: French
Cyperus iria L., Sp. Pl. 45. 1753. Lectotype: India. Osbeck s.n. (LINN Guiana. Stoupy s.n. (P-Lam.; Isolectotype: C-Vahl), designated by
70-16), designated by G.C. Tucker, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 43: 91. Raynal in Adansonia 17(2): 277. 1978.
1994. Cyperus diffusus Vahl subsp. chalaranthus sensu T. Koyama in R.A.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles 3: 252. 1979.
Trinidad, United States, Mexico, Central America, and South Cyperus tolucensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
America; native to Old World. & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 206. 1816; Cyperus
References: 3, 28, 223, 254, 301. diffusus Vahl subsp. tolucensis (Kunth) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad.
Sci. Hung. 25: 1. 1979. Type: Mexico. Montis Mexicani, Nevado
Cyperus jacquemontii Boeckeler = Cyperus lanceolatus Poir.
de Toluca, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype: P; Isotype: P).
Cyperus jamaicensis Poir. = Cyperus confertus Sw. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia),
Cyperus kingsii C.D. Adams ex Proctor = Cyperus floridanus Britton Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South
America.
Cyperus krugii Boeckeler = Cyperus brunneus Sw. References: 1, 2, 147, 223, 254, 301, 323, 324, 327.
Cyperus kyllingia Endl. = Kyllinga nemoralis (J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Cyperus lentiginosus Millsp. & Chase, Publ. Field Columbian Mus.,
Dandy ex Hutch. & Daziel Bot. Ser. 3: 74. 1903. Type: Mexico. Yucatan, Chichankanab,
Gaumer 1290 (Holotype: F; Isotype: NY).
number 9 8 • 267
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and southern United States (FL, TX). Cyperus minarum Boeckeler = Cyperus virens Michx. var. virens
Reference: 254. Cyperus monostachyos L. = Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral
Cyperus ligularis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 867. 1759; Mariscus ligularis Cyperus mundtii (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 17. 1837; Pycreus mundtii
(L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 165. 1900. Lectotype: Jamaica. Browne Nees, Linnaea 10: 131. 1835. Type: Africa. Distr. Zwellendam et
s.n. (LINN 70.37), designated by G.C. Tucker, Syst. Bot. Monogr. George, Mundt s.n. (Holotype: B †).
2: 49. 1983. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Old World (Europe, Africa, and
Cyperus sintenisii Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 12. 1888. Type: Puerto India).
Rico. Sintenis 4952 (Holotype: B †). References: 3, 147, 327.
Cyperus trigonus Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 11. 1888. Type: Puerto
Rico. Sintenis s.n. (Holotype: B †). Cyperus mutisii (Kunth) Andersson, Galapagos Veg. 53. 1854;
Mariscus rufus Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland Mariscus mutisii Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 216. 1816. Type: Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 216. 1816.
Mexico. Jorullo, Bonpland s.n. (Holotype: P-HBK). Type: Colombia. Vicinity of Bogotá, Mutis s.n. (Holotype: P;
Scirpus ferrugineus sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 124. possible Isotype: Mutis 338, US).
1883, non L. Cyperus compresso-triqueter Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 10. 1888. Type:
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, vicinity of Coamo, Sintenis s.n. (Holotype: B †;
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Isotype: B).
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Cyperus incompletus sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. & Virgin Islands 5: 87. 1923, non (Jacquin) Link
Lucia), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Cyperus martinicensis Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 2: 38. 1890; Cyperus
United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South America. mutisii var. martinicensis (Boeckeler) Kük. in H.G.A. Engler,
Common Names: Large Cyperus (Bahamas), Junco, Junco de agua Pflanzenr. IV. 20 (Heft 101): 483. 1936. Type: Martinique. Duss
(Cuba), Cagüey, Coquillo, Gagüey (Dominican Republic), Junco 417 (Holotype: B †).
de agua (Puerto Rico). Cyperus ochreatus Boeckeler, Linnaea 36: 386. 1870. Type: Dominican
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 30, 45, 61, 123, 131, 254, 301, 306, Republic. Meyerhoff 218 (Holotype: B, extant).
323, 340, 494. Cyperus semitribrachiatus Boeckeler, Linnaea 36: 386. 1870. Type:
Dominican Republic. Meyerhoff 217 (Holotype: B, extant).
Cyperus ligularis sensu Griseb. = Cyperus eggersii Boeckeler Mariscus ehrenbergianus (Boeckeler) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb.
Cyperus lutescens Torr. & Hook. = Cyperus esculentus L. Antill. 5: 290. 1907; Cyperus ehrenbergianus Boeckeler, Linnaea
36: 391. 1870. Type: Mexico. Ehrenberg s.n. (Holotype: B †).
Cyperus luzulae (L.) Rottb. ex Retz., Observ. Bot. 4: 11. 1786; Scirpus
Mariscus incompletus sensu Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 113. 1903, non
luzulae L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 868. 1759. Lectotype: West Indies
(Jacquin) Urb., 1900.
(LINN 71.45), designated by Denton in Contr. Univ. Michigan
Mariscus tetragonus sensu C.B. Clarke (as to West Indies plants) in I.
Herb. 11 : 228. 1978.
Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 44. 1900.
Cyperus globulosus Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 47. 1775; Mariscus
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
globulosus (Aubl.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 165. 1900. Type: French
Antilles (Grenada, Martinique), Trinidad, United States (AR),
Guiana. Aublet s.n. (Holotype: P).
Cyperus pseudosurinamensis Boeckeler, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 1: 201. 1895.
References: 1, 2, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 161, 254, 301, 327.
Type: Martinique. Hahn s.n. (Holotype: B).
Cyperus luzulae (L.) Rottb. ex Retz. f. pallidiflorens Kük. in H.G.A. Cyperus mutisii (Kunth) Andersson var. martinicensis (Boeckeler) Kük.
Engler, Pflanzenr., IV, 20(Heft 101): 171. 1936. Type: Dominican = Cyperus mutisii (Kunth) Andersson
Republic. Santo Domingo, Cuenca, Ekman 10975 (Holotype: B †; Cyperus naguensis Britton = Cyperus strigosus L. var. stenolepis Kük.
Isotypes: NY, S, US).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles Cyperus nanus Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 272. 1797. Type: “Habitat in Guinea”
(Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. (from Martinique fide Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 372. 1805), Isert s.n.
Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South (Holotype: B-Willd. 1419).
America. Cyperus nanus Willd. var. rigidulus Ekman & Kük. in H.G.A. Engler,
Common Name: Coquillo (Dominican Republic). Pflanzenr., IV, 20(Heft 101): 536. 1936. Type: Haiti. Massif des
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 30, 61, 123, 147, 156, 301, 306, 324, 467. Matheux, Ekman 6636 (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: NY, US).
Cyperus tenuis Sw. var. capillaris (Sw.) Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Cyperus luzulae (L.) Rottb. ex Retz. var. entrerianus (Boeckeler) Barros Veg. 23: 188. 1926; Schoenus capillaris Sw., Prodr. 20. 1788 [non
= Cyperus entrerianus Boeckeler Cyperus capillaris Koenig ex Roxb., 1820]; Mariscus capillaris
Cyperus luzulae (L.) Rottb. ex Retz. f. pallidiflorens Kük. = Cyperus (Sw.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 372. 1805; Kyllinga capillaris (Sw.)
luzulae (L.) Rottb. ex Retz. Griseb., Syst. Veg. Karaiben 120. 1857. Type: Hispaniola. Swartz
s.n. (Holotype: S-Sw).
Cyperus martinicensis Boeckeler = Cyperus mutisii (Kunth) Andersson
Cyperus meyenianus Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 88. 1837; Mariscus Islands (St. Croix, St. John, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
meyenianus (Kunth) Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(1): 49. (Anguilla, Guadeloupe), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and Mexico.
1842. Type: Brazil. Rio de Janeiro, Meyen s.n. (Holotype: B). References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 19, 28, 152, 156, 161, 254, 329, 494.
Cyperus nanus Willd. var. rigidulus Ekman & Kük. = Cyperus nanus
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Central America,
Willd.
and South America.
References: 1, 161. Cyperus nanus Willd. var. subtenuis Kük. = Cyperus subtenuis (Kük.)
M.T. Strong
Cyperus microdontus Torr. var. texensis Torr. = Cyperus polystachyos
Rottb. var. texensis (Torr.) Fernald Cyperus navicularis Steud. = Cyperus ochraceus Vahl
Cyperus neotropicalis Alain = Lipocarpha maculata (Michx.) Torr. Cyperus odoratus sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Cyperus polystachyos
Rottb. var. polystachyos
Cyperus neourbanii Kük. = Kyllinga urbanii Kük.
Cyperus odoratus sensu Griseb. = Cyperus eggersii Boeckeler
Cyperus nitens Retz. = Cyperus pumilus L.
Cyperus odoratus L. var. acicularis (Schrad. ex Nees) O’Neill = Cyperus
Cyperus nodosus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = Cyperus articulatus L.
odoratus L.
Cyperus nudicaulis Poir. = Cyperus pectinatus Vahl
Cyperus olfersianus Kunth = Cyperus lanceolatus Poir.
Cyperus obtusatus (J. Presl) Mattf. & Kük. = Kyllinga vaginata Lam.
Cyperus olfersianus Kunth var. elatior Boeckeler = Cyperus lanceolatus
Cyperus ochraceus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 325. 1805. Type: St. Croix, U.S. Poir.
Virgin Islands. West 15 (Holotype: C-Vahl, photo at US; Isotype:
Cyperus ottonis Boeckeler = Cyperus brunneus Sw.
C-Schum.).
Cyperus navicularis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 32. 1854. Type: Cuba, Cyperus ovatus Baldwin, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 2: 168. 1825.
Havana. Léman s.n. (Holotype: P). Type: United States. Georgia. Coll. ign. (Holotype: not located).
Cyperus ochraceus Vahl var. minor Kük. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. Cyperus pollardii Britton in J.K. Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1321. 1903. Type:
IV, 20 (Heft 101): 182. 1936. Type: Puerto Rico. Vicinity of United States. Florida, Miami, Pollard & Collins 257 (Holotype:
Guánica, Sintenis 3839 (Holotype: B, extant). NY).
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba and southeastern United States.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, References: 3, 147, 156, 254.
Guadeloupe, Martinique), eastern United States, Mexico, Central Cyperus oxylepis Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 25. 1854. Type:
America, and South America. Guyana. Coll. ign. (Holotype: probably at P).
Common Name: Yellow cyperus (Bahamas). Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, St. Martin),
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147, 254, 311. Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, Central America,
Cyperus ochreatus Boeckeler = Cyperus mutisii (Kunth) Andersson and South America.
References: 1, 2, 254, 323, 324, 494.
Cyperus odoratus L., Sp. Pl. 46. 1753; Torulinium odoratum (L.) S.S.
Hooper, Kew Bull. 26: 579. 1972. Lectotype: Jamaica. Sloane, Cyperus paniculatus Rottb. = Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var.
Voy. Jamaica 1: t. 74. f. 1, 1707, designated by Dandy in Exell polystachyos
(ed.), Cat. Vasc. Pl. S. Tomé 360. 1944. Cyperus paniculatus sensu Britton & Millsp. = Cyperus polystachyos
Cyperus acicularis (Schrad. ex Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 45. Rottb. var. texensis (Torr.) Fernald
1854, nom. illeg.; Diclidium aciculare Schrad. ex Nees in C.F.P.
von Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(1): 55. 1842; Cyperus odoratus L. var. Cyperus papyrus L., Sp. Pl. 47. 1753. Lectotype: “Ō Papyrus 15,”
acicularis (Schrad. ex Nees) O’Neill in H. León, Fl. Cuba 1: 196. Herb. Linn. (UPS), designated by D.A. Simpson in Cafferty & C.E.
1946. Type: Brazil. Bahia, Martius s.n. (Holotype: M). Jarvis (ed.), Taxon 53: 179. 2004.
Cyperus cubanus Liebm., Mexic. Halvgr. 34. 1850. Type: Cuba. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Vicinity of Havana, Liebmann 14355 (Holotype: C). (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Trinidad, United States (FL, LA, CA),
Cyperus familiaris Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 46. 1854. Type: Cuba. Mexico, Central America, and South America; native to eastern
Sagra s.n. (Holotype: P; Isotype: P). tropical Africa and Madagascar. Widely cultivated and planted as
Cyperus ferax Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 106. 1792; Torulinium an ornamental elsewhere.
ferax (Rich.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 165. 1900. Type: French References: 28, 254, 301.
Guiana. Cayenne, Leblond s.n. (Holotype: P; Isotypes: G, P). Cyperus parvispiculatus Boeckeler = Cyperus odoratus L.
Cyperus michauxianus Schult., Mant. 2: 123. 1824; Torulinium
Cyperus pectinatus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 298. 1805. Type: Africa. Guinea,
michauxianum (Schult.) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2:
Isert s.n. (Holotype: C).
56. 1900. Type: United States. “in Carolina,” Coll. ign. (Holotype:
Cyperus nudicaulis Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 7: 240.
probably at M; Isotype: possibly at BM).
1806. Type: Madagascar. Du Petit-Thouars s.n. (Holotype: P;
Cyperus parvispiculatus Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 6. 1888. Type: St.
Isotype: P).
Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Eggers s.n. (Holotype: B †).
Distribution: Exotic in the Lesser Antilles (Martinique); native of Africa
Cyperus poeoides Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 12. 1825. Type:
and Madagascar.
Puerto Rico. Coll. ign. (Holotype: probably at P-Desv.).
Cyperus sanctae-crucis Liebm., Mexic. Halvgr. 35. 1850. Type: St.
Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Oersted 14374 (Holotype: C). Cyperus pedunculatus (R. Br.) J. Kern = Remirea maritima Aubl.
Torulinium confertum Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 15. 1825. Cyperus peruvianus (Lam.) F.N. Williams = Kyllinga vaginata Lam.
Type: French Guiana. Cayenne. Coll. ign. (Holotype: probably at
P-Desv.). Cyperus peruvianus (Lam.) F.N. Williams var. foliatus (Kük.) Kük. =
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Kyllinga tibialis Poit. ex Ledeb.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Cyperus picardae Boeckeler, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 2: 18. 1896. Type:
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Haiti. Picarda 428 (Holotype: B †).
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Lucia), Cyperus picardae Boeckeler var. brevinux Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, North Regni Veg. 23: 187. 1926. Type: Haiti. Massif de la Selle, Ekman
America, Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, Asia, 1444 (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: NY, US).
and Pacific Region. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Names: Coarse cyperus (Bahamas), Cagüey de agua, Trefilo, References: 5, 147, 156, 254, 327, 329.
Yerba de canuto (Dominican Republic).
Cyperus picardae Boeckeler var. brevinux Kük. = Cyperus picardae
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 123, 147, 149, 254, 301, 309,
Boeckeler
323, 494.
number 9 8 • 269
Cyperus pinetorum Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 462. 1916. Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var. texensis (Torr.) Fernald, Rhodora 41:
Type: Cuba. Isla de la Juventud, vicinity of Los Indios, N.L. 530. 1939; Cyperus microdontus Torr. var. texensis Torr., Ann.
Britton, E.G. Britton, & P. Wilson. 14170 (Holotype: NY; Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 430. 1836. Type: United States.
Isotype: US). Texas, Drummond 454 (Holotype: NY).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cyperus paniculatus sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 44. 1920, non
References: 3, 39, 149, 156, 327. Rottb.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
Cuba (39). (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Marie Galante,
Cyperus planifolius Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 106. 1792; Martinique, St. Lucia), North America, Mexico, Central America,
Mariscus planifolius (Rich.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 165. 1900. and South America.
Type: St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Richard s.n. (Holotype: P). Common Names: Panicled Cyperus (Bahamas).
Cyperus brunneus sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 565. 1864, non Sw. References: 1, 2, 3, 45, 61, 147, 156.
Cyperus planifolius Rich. var. navassanus Kük., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 6. Cyperus praemorsus Boeckeler, Flora 42(28): 436. 1859. Type:
1929. Type: Navassa. Ekman 10807 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: S, US). Jamaica. McNab s.n. (Holotype: BM).
Cyperus purpurascens Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 359. 1805; Mariscus Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
purpurascens (Vahl) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 51. References: 30, 147.
1900. Type: St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. West s.n. (Holotype:
Cyperus procerus Rottb., Descr. Pl. Rar. 29. 1772. Type: Asia. Banks
C-Vahl).
s.n. (Holotype: BM; Isotype: C).
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica and South America; native to Africa,
Jamaica, Navassa, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana,
Asia, and Malesia.
Reference: 165.
Martinique, Saba, St. Lucia), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Tobago, Cyperus productus C. Wright = Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl. var.
Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America. aggregatus
Common Names: Coast cyperus (Bahamas), Sand cyperus (Bahamas), Cyperus pseudosurinamensis Boeckeler = Cyperus luzulae (L.) Rottb.
Z’herbe de l’eau, Z’herbe l’eau (Haiti), Cortadera, Cortadora, ex Retz.
Lambedora (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 30, 35, 45, 61, 123, 131, 147, 150, Cyperus pseudovariegatus Boeckeler = Cyperus rotundus L.
254, 301, 494. Cyperus pseudovegetus sensu Britton & Millsp. = Cyperus distinctus Steud.
Cyperus planifolius Rich. var. navassanus Kük. = Cyperus planifolius Cyperus pulguerensis M.T. Strong in P. Acevedo-Rodríguez & M.T.
Rich. Strong, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 284. 2005. Type: Puerto
Cyperus planifolius Rich. var. ottonis (Boeckeler) Kük. = Cyperus Rico. Manatí, Bo. Tierras Nuevas Saliente, Road 686, approx.
brunneus Sw. 100 m E of intersection at El Pulguero, Proctor & Thomas 43804
(Holotype: US; Isotype: SJ).
Cyperus platystachyus Griseb. = Cyperus tenuis Sw. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Cyperus poeoides Desv. ex Ham. = Cyperus odoratus L. Reference: 28.
Cyperus pollardii Britton = Cyperus ovatus Baldwin Cyperus pulicaris Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 187. 1926.
Type: Haiti. Massif de la Selle, Morne de la Selle, Ekman 3099
Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. Descr. Pl. Rar. 21. 1772, var.
(Holotype: B †; Isotype: US).
polystachyos; Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv., Fl. Oware
Cyperus pulicaris Kük. var. explicatus Kük., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 5.
2: 48. 1816. Type: India. Koenig s.n. (Holotype: C-Rottb.; Isotype:
1929. Type: Haiti. Massif de la Hotte, Les Roseaux, Ekman
C-Vahl).
10629 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: US).
Cyperus hahnianus Boeckeler, Flora 61: 138. 1878; Pycreus
polystachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv. var. hahnianus (Boeckeler) C.B.
References: 5, 147, 149, 329.
Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 18. 1900; Pycreus odoratus
Urb. var. hahnianus (Boeckeler) Stehlé, Caribbean Forest. 5: 184. Cyperus pulicaris Kük. var. explicatus Kük. = Cyperus pulicaris Kük.
1944. Type: Martinique. Hahn s.n. (Holotype: B †). Cyperus pumilus L., Cent. Pl. 2: 6. 1756; Pycreus pumilus (L.) Nees ex
Cyperus odoratus sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 164. 1900. Lectotype: India. (LINN 70.34),
Virgin Islands 5: 81. 1923, non L. designated by Kukkonen in Cafferty & C. E. Jarvis, Taxon 53:
Cyperus paniculatus Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. 40. 1773. Type: 179. 2004.
Surinam. Rolander s.n. (Holotype: probably at C). Cyperus nitens Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 13. 1788; Pycreus nitens (Retz.)
Cyperus scopellatus Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 106. 1792. Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl.
Type: French Guiana. Cayenne, Leblond s.n. (Holotype: P; 1): 53. 1843.
Isotype: P). Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique), Trinidad, United
Pycreus odoratus Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 164. 1900. Type: none States (FL), and South America; native to Old World tropics.
designated. References: 1, 30, 147, 150, 301.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan; native to Cayman Islands, Cuba,
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Virgin Gorda), Cyperus purpurascens Vahl = Cyperus planifolius Rich.
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Désirade, Dominica, Grenada, Cyperus purpureovariegatus Boeckeler = Cyperus rotundus L.
Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago,
Cyperus radiatus Vahl = Cyperus imbricatus Retz.
Trinidad, United States, Mexico, Central America, South America,
Africa, Asia, Malesia, and Pacific Region. Cyperus refractus Engelm. ex Boeckeler var. antillanus Kük. = Cyperus
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 147, 301. antillanus (Kük.) O’Neill
Cyperus rotundus L., Sp. Pl. 45. 1753. Lectotype: India. Herb. Cyperus strigosus L. var. stenolepis Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Hermann 1: 3, No. 36 (BM-2), designated by G.C. Tucker, Syst. 23: 189. 1926; Cyperus naguensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
Bot. Monogr. 43: 100. 1994. 51: 1. 1924; Cyperus strigosus L. var. naguensis (Britton) O’Neill,
Cyperus esculentus sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 124. Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 6: 14. 1946,
1883, non L. nom. superfl. Type: Cuba. Oriente, Ekman 14720 (Holotype: NY;
Cyperus hydra Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 13. 1825, nom. illeg. Isotypes: HAC, US).
Cyperus purpureovariegatus Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 2: 37. 1890. Type: Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Martinique. Duss 449 (Holotype: B †). References: 3, 156, 320, 327, 329.
Cyperus rotundus L. f. depallescens Ekman & Kük. in H.G.A. Engler, Cyperus subcaracasanus Kük., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 5. 1929. Type:
Pflanzenr., IV, 20(Heft 101): 112. 1935. Syntypes: Dominican Navassa. Ekman 10816 (Holotype: B, extant; Isotype: S).
Republic. Jaina, Ekman 12491 (B; Isosyntypes: S, US); Barahona, Distribution: Endemic to Navassa Island.
Fuertes 914b (B). References: 149, 327.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Cyperus subtenuis (Kük.) M.T. Strong in P. Acevedo-Rodríguez & M.T.
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Strong, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 288. 2005; Cyperus nanus
Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Aruba, Willd. var. subtenuis Kük. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 20
Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, United States, (Heft 101): 536. 1936. Lectotype: Navassa Island. Ekman 10806
Mexico, Central America, and South America; native to Old (US; Isolectotype: NY), designated by Strong & Acevedo, Contr.
World tropics. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 288. 2005.
Common Names: Nut grass (Bahamas), Ajo cimarrón, Basarillo, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Navassa, Puerto
Caramaná, Cebolleta, Cebolleta de la provincia, Cebollín, Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Bonaire, Curaçao, and Central
Coquito, Corojillo, Corojito, Juncia redonda, Macagüita, Yerba America.
del riñón (Cuba), Afio, Caramaná, Coquillo, Junquillo de sabana, References: 1, 2, 3, 28, 149, 156, 254, 494.
Ronquillo, Saqui-saco (Dominican Republic), Sio (Haiti), Nut Cyperus subumbellatus Kük. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 20 (Heft
grass (Jamaica), Coquí, Coquillo (Puerto Rico). 101): 523. 1936; Mariscus alternifolius Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 376.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 28, 30, 45, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 210, 1805, non Cyperus alternifolius Linnaeus. Type: Africa. Thonning
301, 323, 340, 494. 384 (Holotype: C; Isotype: C).
Cyperus rotundus L. f. depallescens Ekman & Kük. = Cyperus rotundus L. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Martinique), Tobago,
Trinidad, and South America; native to Africa.
Cyperus sanctae-crucis Liebm. = Cyperus odoratus L. References: 1, 3, 237.
Cyperus scopellatus Rich. = Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var. Cyperus surinamensis Rottb., Descr. Pl. Rar. 20. 1772. Type: Surinam.
polystachyos Rolander s.n. (Holotype: probably at C-Rottb.).
Cyperus semitribrachiatus Boeckeler = Cyperus mutisii (Kunth) Cyperus acuminatus sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 124.
Andersson 1883, non Torr. & Hook.
Cyperus sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kük. = Kyllinga odorata Vahl
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles
Cyperus sintenisii Boeckeler = Cyperus ligularis L. (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb., Descr. Pl. Rar. 21. 1772. Lectotype: Martin), Tobago, Trinidad, southern United States, Mexico,
Surinam. Rolander 32 (C-Rottb., photo at F, US), designated by Central America, and South America.
McLaughlin, Catholic Univ. Amer. Sci. Stud. 5: 71. 1944. Common Name: Coquillo (Dominican Republic).
Cyperus balbisii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 63. 1837. Type: Dominican References: 1, 2, 3, 19, 28, 30, 45, 61, 123, 147, 301, 340.
Republic. Bertero s.n. (Holotype: probably at TO). Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. var. formosus (Vahl) Kük. = Cyperus
Cyperus hexastachyos Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 117. 1797, nom. illeg. virens Michx. var. virens
Distribution: Pantropical; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser
Regni Veg. 23: 186. 1926; Mariscus swartzii A. Dietr., Sp. Pl. 2:
Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
343. 1833; Kyllinga filiformis Sw., Prodr. 20. 1788 [non Cyperus
Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, Central
filiformis Sw., 1788]; Mariscus filiformis (Sw.) Spreng., Syst. Veg.
America, South America, Africa, and Madagascar; exotic in
1: 234. 1824. Type: Jamaica. Swartz s.n. (Holotype: S-Sw.).
United States (FL), Asia, Malesia, and Pacific Region.
Cyperus caymanensis Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 301.
2(2): 120. 1900. Type: Cayman Islands. Bodden Bay road beyond
Cyperus squarrosus L., Cent. Pl. 2: 6. 1756; Mariscus squarrosus Spot Bay, Grand Cayman, Millspaugh 1334 (Holotype: probably
(L.) C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 623. 1893. at F; Isotypes: G (fragment), NY-2).
Lectotype: India. Koenig s.n. (LINN 70.8 B right hand specimen; Cyperus granularis (Desf. ex Link) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43:
Isolectotype: S-LINN G-6816), designated by J. Kern, Blumea 10: 44. 1916; Kyllinga granularis Desf. ex Link, Jahrb. Gewächsk.
642. 1960. 1(3): 91. 1820; Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük. var
Cyperus aristatus Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. 23. 1773, nom. superfl. granularis (Desf. ex Link) Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23:
Cyperus cuspidatus sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 45. 1920, non 186. 1926. Type: Hispaniola. Coll. ign. (Holotype: B-Willd. 1443,
Kunth. which stems from Desfontaines).
Distribution: Cosmopolitan; native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük. var. efoliatus Kük., Repert.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 187. 1926. Type: Cuba. Villa Clara.
(Anguilla), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, North America, Mexico, Santa Clara Prov., Ekman 16991 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: NY, US).
Central America, South America, Africa, Asia, Malesia, and Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük. var. elongatus Kük.,
Australia. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 187. 1926. Type: Cuba. Pinar
References: 1, 3, 28, 45, 61, 147, 254, 494. del Rio, Ekman 10989 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: NY).
number 9 8 • 271
Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük. var. latifolius Kük., Distribution: Native to Cuba, Tobago, Trinidad, southern United States,
Repert Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 187. 1926. Type: Cuba. Prov. Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Camaguey, Ekman 15394 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: S-2). References: 30, 147, 150, 156, 301, 324.
Kyllinga filiformis Sw. var. junciformis C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cyperus tolucensis Kunth = Cyperus laxus Lam.
Cub. 238. 1866. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 1865 (Holotype: B †).
Kyllinga granularis Desf. ex Boeckeler, Linnaea 35: 432. 1868, nom. illeg. Cyperus trichodes Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 564. 1864. Type: Jamaica.
Kyllinga rigidifolia Boeckeler, Linnaea 35: 432. 1868. Type: Cuba. Manchester, at Fairfield, Wullschlaegel s.n. (Holotype: B †; Isotype: K).
Sagra s.n. (Holotype: B †). Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Mariscus gracilis Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 373. 1805 [non Cyperus gracilis References: 2, 36.
R. Br., 1810]. Type: South America. Richard s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl). Cyperus trigonus Boeckeler = Cyperus ligularis L.
Cyperus umbellatus (Rottb.) Benth. = Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze
Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
Croix), and Mexico. Cyperus uncinatus Poir. = Cyperus cuspidatus Kunth
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 61, 124, 147, 156, 329. Cyperus uncinatus Desv. ex Ham. = Cyperus cuspidatus Kunth
Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük. var. efoliatus Kük. = Cyperus underwoodii Britton = Cyperus filiformis Sw.
Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük.
Cyperus unifolius Boeckeler, Linnaea 36: 374. 1870. Type: St. Croix, U.S.
Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük. var. elongatus Kük. = Virgin Islands. Ravn s.n. (Holotype: B †; Isotype: probably at C).
Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük. Cyperus calcicola Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 387. 1915. Type:
Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük. var granularis (Desf. ex Puerto Rico. Caja de Muertos, N.L. Britton et al. 4976 (Holotype:
Link) Kük. = Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük. NY; Isotypes: UPR, US).
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Anegada,
Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük. var. latifolius Kük. =
Guana, St. Croix, Tortola).
Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük.
Common Name: Pajón de costa (Puerto Rico).
Cyperus tenuifolius (Steud.) Dandy = Kyllinga pumila Michx. References: 28, 61, 131, 149, 156.
Cyperus tenuis Sw., Prodr. 20. 1788; Mariscus tenuis (Sw.) C.B. Clarke Cyperus unioloides R. Br., Prodr. 216. 1810; Pycreus unioloides (R. Br.)
in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 48. 1900. Lectotype: Jamaica. Swartz Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 164. 1900. Type: Australia. Queensland, R.
s.n. (S-Sw; Isolectotypes: B-Willd. 1390, C, M, S), designated by Brown 5900 (Holotype: BM; Isotype: K).
G.C. Tucker, Syst. Bot. 11: 15. 1986. Cyperus angulatus Nees in R. Wight, Contr. Bot. India. 73. 1834; Pycreus
Cyperus flabelliformis (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 228. 1825, nom. angulatus (Nees) Nees ex C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind.
illeg., non Rottboell, 1773; Mariscus flabelliformis Kunth in 6: 593. 1893. Type: Nepal. Wallich 3324 a, b (Holotype: K).
F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Cyperus bromoides Willd. ex Link, Jahrb Gewächsk. 1(3): 85. 1820.
Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 215. 1816. Type: Venezuela. Caracas, Type: South America. Humboldt s.n. (B-Willd. 1353).
Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype: B-Willd. 1433). Cyperus pseudobromoides Boeckeler, Linnaea 35: 464. 1868. Syntypes:
Cyperus hartii Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 9. 1888. Type: Jamaica. Hart Nepal; Hispaniola. Not located.
s.n. (Holotype: B †). Cyperus unioloides R. Br. f. pallescens Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Cyperus platystachyus Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 567. 1864. Type: Jamaica. Veg. 23: 184. 1926. Type: Cuba. Pinar del Rio, Ekman 11395
Coll. ign. (Holotype: GOET). (Holotype: B †).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Distribution: Pantropical; Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique), Rico, Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, Malesia,
Mexico, Central America, South America, and tropical Africa. Australia, and Pacific Region.
Common Name: Junquillo de costa (Cuba). References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 147, 254.
References: 1, 2, 3, 28, 30, 61, 147, 254.
Cyperus unioloides R. Br. f. pallescens Kük. = Cyperus unioloides R. Br.
Cyperus tenuis Sw. var. capillaris (Sw.) Kük. = Cyperus nanus Willd.
Cyperus urbanii Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 10. 1888; Mariscus urbanii
Cyperus tetragonus Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1(1): 71. 1816. (Boeckeler) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 47. 1900.
Type: Florida. Baldwin s.n. (Holotype: CHARL; Isotype: PH). Lectotype: Puerto Rico. Aibonito, Sintenis 2929 (NY), designated
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent), southern United by Strong & Acevedo, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 292. 2005.
States, and Mexico. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Cyperus thyrsiflorus Jungh., Linnaea 6: 24. 1831; Mariscus thyrsiflorus Cyperus variegatus Griseb. = Cyperus lanceolatus Poir.
(Jungh.) T. Koyama, Phytologia 29: 74. 1974. Lectotype: Mexico.
Cyperus virens Michx. var. brittonii C.B. Clarke = Cyperus distinctus
Veracruz, Jalapa, Schiede 849 (HAL), designated by G. C. Tucker,
Steud.
Syst. Bot. Monogr. 43: 169. 1994.
Cyperus amphekes Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 56. 1854. Type: Cuba. Cyperus virens Michx. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 28. 1803, var. virens. Type:
Coll. ign. (Holotype: probably at P). United States. “Carolina,” Michaux s.n. (Holotype: P; photo at GH).
Cyperus anceps Liebm., Mexic. Halvgr. 213. 1850. Type: Cuba. Cyperus formosus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 327. 1805; Cyperus surinamensis
Bejucal, Liebmann 14351 (Holotype: B †). Rottb. var. formosus (Vahl) Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Cyperus dissitiflorus Nees ex Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New 32: 74. 1933. Type: “Habitat in Louisiana et Caribaeis.” Coll. ign.
York 3: 266. 1836; Mariscus dissitiflorus (Nees ex Torr.) C.B. (Holotype: P-Juss.; Isotype: C-Vahl).
Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 45. 1900. Type: United States. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Louisiana, New Orleans, Ingalls s.n. (Holotype: NY). southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South
Mariscus dissitiflorus (Nees ex Torr.) C.B. Clarke var. lucidior C.B. America.
Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 45. 1900. Syntypes: Trinidad. Common Name: Cortadera (Dominican Republic).
Fendler 892 (K); Hart 2091 (K). References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 61, 123, 313, 467.
Cyperus virens Michx. var. minarum (Boeckeler) Denton, Contr. Univ. Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 154. 1817;
Michigan Herb. 11: 264. 1978; Cyperus minarum Boeckeler, Scirpus acicularis L., Sp. Pl. 48. 1753. Lectotype: Europe. Coll.
Beitr. Cyper. 2: 5. 1890. Type: Brazil. Minas Gerais, Widgren s.n. ign. (LINN 71.13), designated by Egorova in Novosti Sist.
(Holotype: C). Vyssh. Rast. 17 : 69. 1980. Epitype: Herb. Celsius 5: 677 (UPS),
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America, and designated by Kukkonen in (ed.) Taxon 53(1): 180. 2004.
South America. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, Mexico, Central
References: 147, 254, 324, 467. America, South America, and Old World.
References: 5, 30, 147, 254.
Cyperus viscosus Sw. = Cyperus elegans L.
Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schult., Mant. 2: 91. 1824, subsp.
Dichromena ciliata Vahl var. ciliata = Rhynchospora ciliata (G. Mey.)
acutangula; Scirpus acutangulus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 216. 1820.
Kük.
Lectotype: India. Roxburgh s.n. (BM), designated by Rosen et al.,
Dichromena ciliata Vahl var. cinnamomea Kük. = Rhynchospora ciliata J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 879. 2007.
(G. Mey.) Kük. Scirpus fistulosus Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 749. 1805,
Dichromena ciliata Vahl var. vahliana C.B. Clarke = Rhynchospora nom. illeg., non Forssk., 1775.
nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler Distribution: Pantropical; Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Central
America, South America, and Old World tropics of Africa and Asia.
Dichromena colorata (L.) Hitchc. = Rhynchospora colorata (L.) References: 3, 147, 328.
H. Pfeiff.
Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schult. subsp. breviseta D.J. Rosen,
Dichromena cubensis Poepp. & Kunth = Rhynchospora tenuis Link J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 885. 2007. Type: Dominican Republic,
subsp. tenuis El Seibo Province, Howard & Howard 9862 (Holotype: GH;
Dichromena filiformis C.B. Clarke = Rhynchospora berteroi (Spreng.) Isotypes: NY, P, US).
C.B. Clarke Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America,
South America, United States (FL), and Africa.
Dichromena floridensis Britton = Rhynchospora floridensis (Britton)
References: 150, 156, 328.
H. Pfeiff.
Eleocharis albivaginata Boeckeler var. flaccida (Rchb. ex A. Spreng.)
Dichromena grisebachii C.B. Clarke = Rhynchospora subsetigera
Boeckeler = Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb.
H. Pfeiff.
Eleocharis albivaginata Boeckeler var. humilis Boeckeler = Eleocharis
Dichromena inaguensis Britton = Rhynchospora floridensis (Britton)
flavescens (Poir.) Urb.
H. Pfeiff.
Eleocharis alveolata Svenson, Rhodora 31: 241. 1929. Type: Cuba.
Dichromena leucocephala Michx. = Rhynchospora colorata (L.)
Pinar del Rio, Herradura, Ekman 17788 (Holotype: GH; Isotypes:
H. Pfeiff.
MO, NY, S, US).
Dichromena micrantha (Vahl) Kunth = Rhynchospora rariflora Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
(Michx.) Elliott References: 3, 156.
Dichromena microcephala Bertero ex Spreng. = Rhynchospora radicans Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 151. 1837; Scirpus
(Schltdl. & Cham.) H. Pfeiff. subsp. microcephala (Bertero ex atropurpureus Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 14. 1788. Type: India. Koenig
Spreng.) W.W. Thomas s.n. (Holotype: LD).
Dichromena nervosa Vahl = Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica,
Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, North America, Mexico, Central
Dichromena persooniana Nees = Rhynchospora ciliata (G. Mey.) Kük. America, South America, Africa, Asia, and Malesia.
Dichromena pura Nees = Rhynchospora ciliata (G. Mey.) Kük. References: 2, 3, 4, 45, 147, 254, 494.
Dichromena radicans sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Rhynchospora Eleocharis bahamensis Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 2: 11. 1890. Type:
radicans (Schltdl. & Cham.) H. Pfeiff. subsp. microcephala Bahamas. Eggers 4101 (Holotype: B †).
(Bertero ex Spreng.) W.W. Thomas Eleocharis atropurpurea sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto
Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 91. 1923, in part.
Dichromena radicans sensu Urb. = Rhynchospora radicans (Schltdl. &
Eleocharis bahamensis Boeckeler f. minor Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 2: 12.
Cham.) H. Pfeiff. subsp. microcephala (Bertero ex Spreng.) W.W.
1890. Type: Bahamas. Hog Island, Eggers 4101a (Holotype: B †).
Thomas
Eleocharis camptotricha (C. Wright) C.B. Clarke var. schweinitzii C.B.
Dichromena seslerioides (Griseb.) Benth. ex C.B. Clarke = Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 69. 1900. Syntypes: Bahamas.
Rhynchospora seslerioides Griseb. Northrop 524b (K); Guadeloupe. Bertero s.n. (K).
Dichromena velutina Kunth = Rhynchospora velutina (Kunth) Boeckeler Eleocharis flaccida sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 48. 1920, non
(Rchb. ex Spreng.) Urb.
Dichromena watsonii Britton = Rhynchospora watsonii (Britton) Davidse Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Diplacrum capitatum (Willd.) Boeckeler, Linnaea 38: 435. 1874; References: 30, 45, 61, 147.
Scleria capitata Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 319. 1805. Type: Venezuela. Eleocharis bahamensis Boeckeler f. minor Boeckeler = Eleocharis
Cumana, Humboldt s.n. (Holotype: B-Willd. 17335). bahamensis Boeckeler
Pteroscleria longifolia Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 579. 1864; Diplacrum
longifolium (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke ex T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Eleocharis camptotricha (C. Wright) C.B. Clarke = Eleocharis nana
Fl. Afr. 5: 669. 1894. Type: Trinidad. Lockhart s.n. (Holotype: Kunth
probably at GOET). Eleocharis camptotricha (C. Wright) C.B. Clarke var. schweinitzii C.B.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica), Trinidad, Clarke = Eleocharis bahamensis Boeckeler
Eleocharis capitata (L.) R. Br. = Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. &
References: 1, 2, 30, 301, 340.
Schult.
number 9 8 • 273
Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) S.F. Blake = Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Roem. & Schult. Antilles (Dominica, Martinique), Trinidad, Mexico, Central
Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) S.F. Blake var. achlamydea Zavaro &
Common Names: Junquillo (Dominican Republic), Jonc matte, Jonc
Pabón = Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.
natte (Haiti), Junquillo (Puerto Rico).
Eleocharis cellulosa Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 298. References: 1, 2, 3, 28, 123, 131, 301.
1836. Type: United States. Mississippi, Ingalls s.n. (Holotype: NY;
Eleocharis elongata Chapm., Fl. South. U.S. 515. 1860. Type: United
Isotype: GH).
States. Florida, Franklin Co., Apalachicola, Chapman s.n.
Scirpus dictyospermus C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
(Holotype: NY).
Méd. Habana 8: 79. 1871. Type: Cuba. Pinar del Rio, C. Wright
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, southeastern United States, and
3763 (Holotype: GH; Isotype: US).
Central America.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Marie Galante,
St. Lucia), southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, Eleocharis fallax Weath., Rhodora 24: 23. 1922. Type: United States.
and South America. Massachusetts, Fernald & Long 18025 (Holotype: GH; Isotype: US).
Common Names: Round-stemmed spikerush (Bahamas), Junco, Junco Eleocharis nervosa Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 192.
fino (Cuba), Junco fino (Puerto Rico). 1926. Type: Cuba. Santa Clara, Lagua la Grande, Ekman 18543
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 45, 30, 61, 147, 156, 254. (Holotype: S; Isotype: NY).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix),
Eleocharis chaetaria sensu C.B. Clarke = Eleocharis retroflexa (Poir.)
and North America.
Urb. subsp. retroflexa
References: 3, 28, 156, 329.
Eleocharis confervoides (Poir.) G.C. Tucker, J. Arnold Arbor. 68: 388.
Eleocharis filiculmis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 144. 1837. Type: Brazil.
1987; Scirpus confervoides Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl.
Schrader s.n. (Holotype: B †).
6: 755. 1805; Websteria confervoides (Poir.) S.S. Hooper, Kew
Eleocharis sulcata (Schult.) Nees, Linnaea 36: 445. 1870; Fimbristylis
Bull. 26: 582. 1972. Type: Madagascar. Du Petit-Thouars s.n.
sulcata Schult. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes, Mant. 2: 52. 1824;
(Holotype: P).
Scirpus sulcatus Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 30. 1821, nom. illeg.
Scirpus grisebachii Britton ex León & Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist.
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Trinidad,
Scirpus natans Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 238. 1866. Type: Cuba. C. Wright
References: 3, 30, 40, 147, 254, 301.
3377 (Holotype: GOET; Isotype: GH).
Scirpus submersus C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Med. Eleocharis flaccida (Rchb. ex Spreng.) Urb. var. fuscescens Kük. =
Habana 8: 79. 1871; Websteria submersa (C. Wright) Britton, Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb.
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15: 99. 1888. Type: Cuba. Pinar del Rio, Eleocharis flaccida sensu Britton & Millsp. = Eleocharis bahamensis
C. Wright 3775 (Holotype: probably at GH; Isotype: US). Boeckeler
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America,
South America, Africa, and India. Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 116. 1903; Scirpus
References: 3, 28, 30, 124. 147, 149, 301, 350. flavescens Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 756. 1805.
Type: Puerto Rico. Ledrú s.n. (Holotype: P; Isotype: P-2).
Eleocharis cubensis Boeckeler = Eleocharis microcarpa Torr. Eleocharis albivaginata Boeckeler var. humilis Boeckeler, Linnaea
Eleocharis debilis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 143. 1837. Type: Brazil. Rio de 36: 438. 1870; Eleocharis ochreata (Nees) Steud. var. humilis
Janeiro, Sellow s.n. (Holotype: B †; Neotype: B). (Boeckeler) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 64. 1900.
Eleocharis atropurpurea sensu Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 116. 1903, non Type: Puerto Rico. Coll. ign. (Holotype: B-Willd. 1162).
(Retzius) J. Presl & C. Presl, 18328. Eleocharis dussiana Boeckeler, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 2: 54. 1896;
Eleocharis ekmanii Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 192. Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb. var. dussiana (Boeckeler) Stehlé,
1926. Type: Cuba. Prov. Habana, Campo Florido, Ekman 19015 Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 91. 1947. Type: Martinique: Duss 466a
(Holotype: B †; Isotype: S). (Holotype: B †; Isotype: NY).
Eleocharis shaferi Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 59. 1920. Type: Eleocharis flaccida (Rchb. ex Spreng.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 165. 1900;
Cuba. Oriente, Shafer 3414 (Holotype: NY; Isotype: NY). Scirpus flaccidus Rchb. ex Spreng., Tent. Suppl. 3. 1828; Eleocharis
Eleocharis sintenisii of authors, non Boeckeler, 1888. albivaginata Boeckeler var. flaccida (Rchb. ex A. Spreng.) Boeckeler,
Eleocharis yunquensis Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Linnaea 36: 437. 1870; Eleocharis ochreata (Nees) Steud. var. flaccida
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 92. 1923. Type: Puerto Rico. (Rchb. ex A. Spreng.) Boeckeler ex C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb.
Luquillo Mountains, N.L. Britton & Bruner 7619 (Holotype: NY; Antill. 2: 63. 1900. Type: Surinam. Weigelt s.n. (Holotype: B †).
Isotypes: GH, UPR, US). Eleocharis flaccida (Rchb. ex Spreng.) Urb. var. fuscescens Kük.,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Central America, and South Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 191. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba.
America. Pinar del Rio, Mendoza, Ekman 18763 (B †; Isosyntype: S); Prov.
References: 28, 61, 152, 156, 329. Santa Clara, Ekman 18369b (B †; Isosyntypes: G, S).
Eleogenus ochreatus Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(1): 102.
Eleocharis depauperata (Vahl) Kunth = Eleocharis retroflexa (Poir.)
1842; Eleocharis ochreata (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 79.
Urb. subsp. retroflexa
1854; Scirpus ochreatus (Nees) Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 535. 1862.
Eleocharis dussiana Boeckeler = Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb. Syntypes: Brazil. Macrae s.n. (CGE); von Martius s.n. (M); and
Eleocharis ekmanii Kük. = Eleocharis debilis Kunth Beyrich s.n. (B †).
Scirpus anisochaetus C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Eleocharis elegans (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 150. Habana 8: 78. 1871. Type: Cuba. Pinar del Rio, vicinity of Colon,
1817; Scirpus elegans Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. C. Wright 3761 (Holotype: GH).
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 226. 1816. Scirpus caribaeus Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 269.
Type: Venezuela. Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype: P-HBK). 1857, nom. illeg., non Rottb., 1773.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Distribution: Endemic to the West Indies: native to Hispaniola and
Virgin Islands (St. John), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles (Nevis).
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia), Trinidad, North America, References: 1, 8, 156.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Note: No specimens were seen of this taxon but the illustration of it is
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 152, 254, 301. referable to Eleocharis filiculmis Kunth.
Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb. var. dussiana (Boeckeler) Stehlé = Eleocharis macrostachya Britton in J.K. Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 184. 1903.
Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb. Type: United States. Oklahoma, Indian Territory, between Fort
Cobb and Fort Arbuckle, Palmer 264a. (Holotype: NY).
Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 150. 1817;
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Barbados), North America,
Scirpus geniculatus L., Sp. Pl. 48. 1753; Lectotype: Jamaica. Coll.
ign. Herb. Clifford: 21, Scirpus 1 (BM), designated by Furtado,
References: 1, 156.
Gard. Bull. Straits Settlements 9: 299. 1937.
Eleocharis capitata (L.) R. Br., Prodr. 225. 1810. Eleocharis maculosa (Vahl) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 154.
Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) S.F. Blake, Rhodora 20: 24. 1918; Scirpus 1817; Scirpus maculosus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 247. 1805. Type:
caribaeus Rottb., Descr. Pl. Rar. 24. 1772. Type: St. Croix, U.S. Guadeloupe. Richard s.n. (Holotype: C).
Virgin Islands. Coll. ign. (Holotype: C-Rottb.). Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) Blake var. achlamydea Zavaro & Pabón, Martinique), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Fontqueria 42: 269. 1995. Type: Cuba. Holguín, León et al. Reference: 1.
21046 (Holotype: HAC). Eleocharis microcarpa Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 312.
Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. minor (Vahl) Roem. & 1836. Type: United States. Louisiana, Ingalls s.n. (Holotype: NY).
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 150. 1817; Scirpus geniculatus Rottb. var. Eleocharis cubensis Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 2: 10. 1890. Type: Cuba.
minor Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 251. 1805. Type: Jamaica. Coll. ign. C. Wright 3765 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: GH).
(Holotype: probably at C-Vahl). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, eastern United States, Central
Eleocharis sintenisii Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 16. 1888. Lectotype: America, and Venezuela.
Puerto Rico. Bayamón, Sintenis 1220 (NY; Isolectotype: B), References: 2, 3, 147, 156, 254.
designated by Strong & Acevedo-Rodríguez, Contr. U.S. Natl.
Herb. 52: 300. 2005. Eleocharis microcarpa sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Eleocharis
Scirpus capitatus sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 570. 1864, non Linnaeus, minutiflora Boeckeler
1753. Eleocharis microlepis (Griseb.) D.A. Simpson, Kew Bull. 43: 429. 1988;
Distribution: Pantropical; native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Scirpus microlepis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 239. 1866. Type: Cuba.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, C. Wright 3370 (Holotype: GOET; Isotypes: K, S).
Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Marie Galante, Martinique, Nevis, St. Lucia), Aruba, Bonaire, Hispaniola.
Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, United States, Mexico, References: 124, 147.
Central America, South America, Africa, Malesia, and Australia.
Eleocharis minima Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 139. 1837, var. minima. Type:
Common Names: Junquillo (Dominican Republic), Jonc natte (Haiti).
Brazil. Coll. ign. (Holotype: B †; Isotype: probably at P).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 30, 40, 45, 61, 149, 152, 156, 301,
Eleocharis oropuchensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 327. 1922.
323, 330, 494.
Type: Trinidad. Oropuche Lagoon, N.L. Britton, Hazen, &
Eleocharis grisea Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 194. 1926. Freeman 1155 (Holotype: NY; Isotype: US).
Type: Cuba. Prov. Isla de Pinos, Santa Bárbara, Ekman 12077 Eleocharis savannarum Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 327. 1922.
(Holotype: B †; Isotype: S). Type: Trinidad. O’Meara Savanna, N.L. & E.G. Britton 2491
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (Holotype: NY; Isotype: US).
References: 3, 147, 329. Eleocharis tenuissima Boeckeler, Linnaea 36: 419. 1870. Syntypes:
Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 149. 1817; Guadeloupe, Bertero s.n. (B †); Brazil, Sello s.n. (B †, P).
Scirpus interstinctus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 149. 1805. Type: West Eleocharis wrightiana Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 12. 1888. Type: Cuba.
Indies. Martfelt s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl). C. Wright 3369 (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: NY, P).
Scirpus plantagineus Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 123. 1797, nom. illeg., non Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Retzius, 1788. Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), Trinidad, United States (FL, MD,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, TX), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), References: 3, 4, 5, 30, 134, 147, 156, 254, 301.
Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Marie Galante, Eleocharis minima sensu C.B. Clarke = Eleocharis minutiflora Boeckeler
Martinique, St. Lucia), Trinidad, southern United States, Mexico,
Eleocharis minutiflora Boeckeler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 7: 274. 1886;
Eleocharis nigrescens (Nees) Steud. var. minutiflora (Boeckeler)
Common Names: Knotted spikerush (Bahamas), Junco, Junco de
Svenson, Rhodora 39: 226. 1937. Type: St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin
ciénaga (Cuba), Junco, Junquillo (Dominican Republic), Junco,
Islands, Krum Bay, Eggers 546 (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: AMD,
Junco de aparejos, Junco de ciénaga, Junco de espiga (Puerto Rico).
CAS, GOET, L, P-3).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 45, 61, 123, 131, 147, 152, 301.
Eleocharis microcarpa sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
Eleocharis knutei Pabón & Zavaro, Fontqueria 42: 269. 1995. Type: & Virgin Islands 5: 92. 1923, non Torrey, 1836.
Cuba. Pinar del Río, Areces et al. 28481 (Holotype: HAJB). Eleocharis minima sensu C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 70.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 1900 (in part), non Kunth, 1837.
References: 149, 330. Eleocharis setifolia sensu D. Simpson, Kew Bull. 43: 427. 1988, non
Eleocharis liogieri T. Koyama, Brittonia 29: 237. 1977. Type: (A. Rich.) Raynal
Dominican Republic. Bayaguana, vic of Trinidad, Liogier & Distribution: Native to Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), and Mexico.
Liogier 19006 (Holotype: NY; Isotype: JBSD). References: 28, 61.
number 9 8 • 275
Eleocharis minutissima Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 60. Eleocharis ochrostachys Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 80. 1854. Type:
1920. Type: Cuba. Pinar del Río, N.L. Britton & Gager 6965 Java. Zollinger 291 (Holotype: P; Isotype: P).
(Holotype: NY). Eleocharis variegata C. Presl var. laxiflora (Thwaites) C.B. Clarke,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and Central America. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 229. 1903; Scirpus laxiflorus Thwaites,
References: 3, 147, 156, 254. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 435. 1864. Type: Ceylon, Ambagamuwa District,
Thwaites s.n., distributed as CP3762 (Holotype: probably at K;
Eleocharis mitrata (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke = Eleocharis tiarata
Isotype: P-2).
Gómez-Laur.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Asia, Malesia, and Pacific
Eleocharis montana (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 153. 1817; Region.
Scirpus montanus Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. References: 3, 147, 151.
Eleocharis oligantha C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 69. 1900.
Type: Colombia. Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype: P-HBK).
Syntypes: Cuba. C. Wright 3367 (K; Isosyntype: G); 3368 (K;
Eleocharis nodulosa (Roth) Schult. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes,
Isosyntypes: G, NY).
Mant. 2: 87. 1824; Scirpus nodulosus Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 29. 1821.
Eleocharis wrightii C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 69. 1900,
Type: Brazil. Coll. ign. (Holotype: B †).
nom. in syn.
Eleocharis nodulosa (Roth) Schult. var. subnodulosa Kük., Repert.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Jamaica, and
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 192. 1926. Type: Haiti. Dep. du Nord,
Puerto Rico.
Bayeux, Ekman 2683 (Holotype: B †).
References: 2, 3, 28, 30, 124, 147, 156.
Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe), southern Eleocharis oropuchensis Britton = Eleocharis minima Kunth var.
United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. minima
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 61, 147, 254. Eleocharis pachystyla (C. Wright) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb.
Eleocharis mutata (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 155. 1817; Antill. 2: 72. 1900; Scirpus pachystylus C. Wright in F.A.
Scirpus mutatus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 867. 1759. Lectotype: Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 79. 1871, as a nom.
Jamaica. Browne s.n. (LINN 71.2), designated by Browning et al., nov. for Scirpus melanocarpus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 239. 1866,
S. Afr. J. Bot. 63: 172. 1997. non Torrey, 1836. Type: Cuba. Pinar de Rio, C. Wright 3373
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, (Holotype: GOET; Isotype: GH).
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, Tortola), Lesser Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Trinidad,
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Marie Galante, Martinique, Nevis, St. Lucia), Aruba, Bonaire, References: 3, 28, 30, 61, 124, 254, 301, 350.
Curaçao, Tobago, Trinidad, southern United States, Mexico, Eleocharis parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Bluff, Nees, & Schauer,
Central America, South America, and Africa. Comp. Fl. German., ed. 2, 1: 93. 1836; Scirpus parvulus Roem.
Common Name: Scallion grass (Jamaica). & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 124. 1817, nom. nov. for Scirpus nanus
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 61, 152, 254, 301, 494. Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 1: 4. 1813, non Poir. 1804. Type:
Eleocharis nana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 140. 1837. Type: Brazil. Rio de Germany, Mannsfeld, Coll. ign. (Holotype: not located, probably
Janeiro, Guadichaud s.n. (Holotype: B †; Isotype: P-2). at Z or GOET).
Eleocharis camptotricha (C. Wright) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, Mexico, Central
Antill. 2: 69. 1900; Scirpus camptotrichus C. Wright in F.A. America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Malesia.
Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 78. 1871. Type: Cuba. References: 3, 30, 147, 254.
Pinar del Rio, C. Wright 3767 (Holotype: GH; Isotypes: P, US). Eleocharis plicarhachis (Griseb.) Svenson, Rhodora 31: 158. 1929;
Eleocharis punctata Boeckeler, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Scirpus plicarhachis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 239. 1866. Type: Cuba.
Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869: 132. 1869, nom. illeg., non Hochst. ex Pinar del Rio, C. Wright 3372 (Holotype: GOET; Isotypes: MO,
Steud., 1854. S-2, US).
Distribution: Native to Cuba and South America. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and
References: 3, 30, 147, 150. South America.
Eleocharis nervosa Kük. = Eleocharis fallax Weath. References: 3, 124, 301.
Eleocharis nigrescens (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 77. 1854; Eleocharis punctata Boeckeler = Eleocharis nana Kunth
Scirpidium nigrescens Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(1): Eleocharis punctulata Boeckeler ex Duss, Ann. Inst. Bot.-Géol. Colon.
97. 1842. Type: Brazil. Bahia, Salzmann s.n. (Holotype: CGE; Marseille 3: 544. 1897 [“1896”]. Syntypes: Guadeloupe. Savane à
Isotype: K). Mulets, Haut-Matouba, chemin du Matelyane, Duss 3124 (B †);
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico, Martinique. Champflore, Gros-Morne, Chemin de la Trace, Camp
Central America, and South America. de l’Alma, Duss 467 (B †).
References: 2, 3, 254, 301. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique).
Eleocharis nodulosa (Roth) Schult. = Eleocharis montana (Kunth) Reference: 147.
Roem. & Schult. Eleocharis radicans (A. Dietr.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 142. 1837; Scirpus
Eleocharis nodulosa (Roth) Schult. var. subnodulosa Kük. = Eleocharis radicans Poir. in Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 751. 1805, non Schkuhr,
montana (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. 1793; Eleogiton radicans A. Dietr., Sp. Pl. 2: 97. 1833; Eleocharis
acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. radicans (A. Dietr.) Britton,
Eleocharis ochreata (Nees) Steud. = Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb.
J. New York Microscop. Soc. 5: 105. 1889. Type: Puerto Rico.
Eleocharis ochreata (Nees) Steud. var. flaccida (Rchb. ex A. Spreng.) Ledrú s.n. (Holotype: P).
Boeckeler ex C.B. Clarke = Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, United States, Mexico, Central
Eleocharis ochreata (Nees) Steud. var. humilis (Boeckeler) C.B. Clarke = America, and South America; exotic in Puerto Rico.
Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb. References: 28, 147, 254.
Eleocharis retroflexa (Poir.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 165. 1900, subsp. Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roem. & Schult. f. oblonga Kük. =
retroflexa; Scirpus retroflexus Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl subsp. dichotoma
Encycl. 6: 753. 1805. Type: Puerto Rico. Ledrú s.n. (Holotype: P;
Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 97. 1817;
Isotype: P).
Scirpus autumnalis L., Mant. Pl. 2: 180. 1771. Lectotype: United
Cyperus depauperatus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 305. 1805; Eleocharis
States. Virginia, Clayton 772 (BM), designated by Blake in
depauperata (Vahl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 140. 1837. Type: West
Rhodora 20: 24. 1918.
Indies. Rohr s.n. (Holotype: probably at C-Vahl).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, North America,
Eleocharis chaetaria sensu C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 68.
1900, non Roemer & Schultes, 1817.
References: 2, 3, 301, 325.
Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. complanata (Retz.)
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Trinidad, southern United Kük. = Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link
States, Mexico, Central America, South America, Asia, Malesia, Fimbristylis bufonia (Kunth) Alain = Bulbostylis tenuifolia (Rudge) J.F.
and Australia. Macbr.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 254, 301.
Fimbristylis capillaris (L.) A. Gray = Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B.
Eleocharis retroflexa (Poir.) Urb. subsp. depressa Zavaro & Pabón, Clarke subsp. capillaris
Fontqueria 42: 270. 1995. Type: Cuba. Pinar del Río, León 15431
(Holotype: HAC). Fimbristylis caroliniana (Lam.) Fernald, Rhodora 42: 246. 1960;
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Scirpus carolinianus Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 142. 1791. Type:
References: 149, 330. United States. Carolina, Fraser s.n. (Holotype: P-Lam.)
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, eastern United States, and Mexico.
Eleocharis rostellata (Torr.) Torr., Fl. New York 2: 347. 1843; Scirpus References: 45, 147, 151, 325.
rostellatus Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 318.
1836. Lectotype: United States. New York, Sartwell s.n. (US; Fimbristylis carteri (Britton ex Small) Alain = Bulbostylis ciliatifolia
Isolectotypes: GH, NY), designated by Strong & Acevedo, Contr. (Elliott) Fernald var. ciliatifolia
U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 306. 2005. Fimbristylis castanea (Michx.) Vahl = Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto
Fimbristylis chirigota (C. Wright) Alain = Bulbostylis hispidula (Vahl)
Rico, North America, Mexico, Guatemala, and Argentina.
R.W. Haines
References: 3, 28, 41, 156, 254.
Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 292. 1827;
Eleocharis savannarum Britton = Eleocharis minima Kunth var. minima
Scirpus complanatus Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 14. 1788; Cyperus
Eleocharis setifolia sensu D. Simpson = Eleocharis minutiflora complanatus (Retz.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 270. 1797; Trichelostylis
Boeckeler complanata (Retz.) Nees in R. Wight, Contr. Bot. India 103. 1834;
Eleocharis shaferi Britton = Eleocharis debilis Kunth Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. complanata
(Retz.) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: 50. 1924. Type: India. Koenig
Eleocharis sintenisii Boeckeler = Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & s.n. (Holotype: C-Koenig).
Schult. Cyperus amentaceus Rudge, Pl. Guian. 1: 16. 1805; Scirpus amentaceus
Eleocharis sulcata (Schult.) Nees = Eleocharis filiculmis Kunth (Rudge) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 270. 1857.
Fimbristylis conferta A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Eleocharis tenuissima Boeckeler = Eleocharis minima Kunth var. minima
11: 291. 1850. Type: Cuba.
Eleocharis tiarata Gómez-Laur., Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Gard. 92: 505. 2003; Scirpus mitratus Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
570. 1864; Eleocharis mitrata (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia), Margarita,
Symb. Antill. 2: 62. 1900, nom. illeg., non Makino, 1894. Type: Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, Asia,
Trinidad, Crueger 24 (Holotype: K). and Malesia.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Trinidad, Central America, and References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 301, 323.
South America.
Fimbristylis conferta A. Rich. = Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link
Fimbristylis cubensis C.B. Clarke = Bulbostylis setacea (Griseb.) Svenson
Eleocharis variegata C. Presl var. laxiflora (Thwaites) C.B. Clarke =
Eleocharis ochrostachys Steud. Fimbristylis curassavica (Britton) Alain = Bulbostylis curassavica
(Britton) Kük. ex Ekman
Eleocharis wrightiana Boeckeler = Eleocharis minima Kunth var.
minima Fimbristylis cylindrica Vahl = Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl
Eleocharis wrightii C.B. Clarke = Eleocharis oligantha C.B. Clarke Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br., Prodr. 1: 228. 1810. Type: Australia. Coll.
ign. (Holotype: BM), fide Koyama in A.C. Smith, Fl. Vitiensis
Eleocharis yunquensis Britton = Eleocharis debilis Kunth
Nova 1: 243. 1979.
Eleogiton radicans A. Dietr. = Eleocharis radicans (A. Dietr.) Kunth Fimbristylis obtusifolia sensu C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2:
Ephippiorhynchium trispicatum Nees = Rhynchospora trispicata (Nees) 82. 1900, non (Lamarck) Kunth, 1837.
Schrad. ex Steud. Fimbristylis sintenisii Boeckeler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 7: 276. 1886. Type:
Puerto Rico. Sintenis 96b (Holotype: B †).
Fimbristylis aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl var. squarrosa (Vahl) T. Koyama = Fimbristylis spathacea Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 24. 1821; Fimbristylis cymosa
Fimbristylis squarrosa Vahl R. Br. subsp. spathacea (Roth) T. Koyama, Micronesica 1: 83.
Fimbristylis alpestris (Urb.) Alain = Bulbostylis subaphylla C.B. Clarke 1964. Type: India. Heyne s.n. (Holotype: B †).
Scirpus glomeratus Retz., Observ. Bot. 4: 11. 1786, nom. illeg., non
Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roem. & Schult. = Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.)
Linnaeus, 1753; Fimbristylis glomerata Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 166.
Vahl subsp. dichotoma
number 9 8 • 277
1900, non Nees von Esenbeck, 1834. Type: Sri Lanka. Koenig s.n. Fimbristylis exilis (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. = Bulbostylis hispidula
(Holotype: C-Koenig). (Vahl) R.W. Haines
Scirpus obtusifolius sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 571. 1864, non Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 291. 1805; Scirpus
Lamarck, 1791. ferrugineus L., Sp. Pl. 50. 1753. Lectotype: Jamaica. Herb. A. Van
Distribution: Pantropical; Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Royen, sheet no. 902.77-420 (L), designated by C.D. Adams in
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Cafferty & C.E. Jarvis (eds.), Taxon 53: 180. 2004.
Croix, St. John), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl var. compacta Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Regni Veg. 23: 196. 1926. Type: Cuba. Pinar del Rio. Ekman
Martin), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Tobago, Trinidad, United 17829 (Holotype: B †).
States (FL), Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, Fimbristylis stans Rich. ex Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 1: 6. 1813.
Asia, Malesia, and Pacific Region. Type: U.S. Virgin Islands. St. Croix, Richard s.n. (Holotype: P).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147, 254, 301, 494. Scirpus stans Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 14. 1825. Type:
Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br. subsp. spathacea (Roth) T. Koyama = West Indies. Coll. ign. (Holotype: probably at P-Desv.).
Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 287. 1805, subsp.
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
dichotoma; Scirpus dichotomus L., Sp. Pl. 50. 1753. Lectotype: Sri
Barbados, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Nevis, St.
Lanka. Herbarium Hermann 40, v. 2, 63, No. 40 (BM), designated
Lucia), Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
by T. Koyama in A.C. Smith (ed.), Fl. Vit. Nova 1: 244. 1979.
Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 95. 1817;
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147, 149, 301, 323, 494.
Scirpus annuus All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 277. 1785; Fimbristylis
dichotoma (L.) Vahl var. annua (All.) Zavaro, Fontqueria 42: 199. Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl. var. compacta Kük. = Fimbristylis
1995. Type: Italy. Coll. ign. (Holotype: TO). ferruginea (L.) Vahl.
Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roem. & Schult. var. diphylla (Retz.) Kük., Fimbristylis floccosa (Griseb.) Alain = Bulbostylis floccosa (Griseb.)
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 196. 1926; Scirpus diphyllus Retz., C.B. Clarke
Observ. Bot. 5: 15. 1788; Fimbristylis diphylla (Retz.) Vahl, Enum.
Pl. 2: 289. 1805. Type: India. Koenig s.n. (Holotype: C-Koenig). Fimbristylis glomerata (Retz.) Urb. = Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br.
Fimbristylis eggersii Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 2: 17. 1890. Type: Fimbristylis grisebachii Greenm. = Bulbostylis setacea (Griseb.) Svenson
Bahamas, Fortune Island, Eggers 3997 (Holotype: B †).
Fimbristylis hamiltonii Steud. = Rhynchospora divaricata (Desv. ex
Fimbristylis laxa Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 292. 1805. Type: South America.
Ham.) M.T. Strong
Richard s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl).
Fimbristylis obtusifolia (Lam.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 240. 1837; Scirpus Fimbristylis harrisii (Britton) C.D. Adams = Bulbostylis subaphylla C.B.
obtusifolius Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 141. 1791. Type: India. D. Vahl Clarke
2283 (Holotype: P). Fimbristylis hirtella Desv. ex Ham. = Rhynchospora divaricata (Desv. ex
Fimbristylis polymorpha Boeckeler, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Ham.) M.T. Strong
Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869: 141. 1869. Type: Guatemala, Bernouli 9
(Holotype: B †). Fimbristylis hispaniolica (Kük. & Ekman) Alain = Bulbostylis
Fimbristylis villosa (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. subaphylla C.B. Clarke
Schultes, Syst. Veg. 2: 98. 1817; Scirpus villosus Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. Fimbristylis hispidula (Vahl) Kunth = Bulbostylis hispidula (Vahl) R.W.
de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 781. 1805. Type: Puerto Rico. Ledrú s.n. Haines
(Holotype: probably B-Willd. 1264 or at P).
Fimbristylis inaguensis Britton, Torreya 13: 216. 1913. Type: Bahamas,
Distribution: Cosmopolitan; native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba,
Inagua, Nash & Taylor 1019 (Holotype: NY).
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St.
John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Virgin Islands (Anegada).
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
References: 28, 45, 61, 147, 156, 254.
Lucia), Bonaire, Curaçao, Tobago, Trinidad, United States, Mexico,
Central America, South America, and Old World. Fimbristylis juncoides (Vahl) Alain = Bulbostylis juncoides (Vahl) Kük.
Common Names: Slender fimbristylis (Bahamas), Junquito (Puerto Rico). ex Herter
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147, 149, 301, 331, 494. Fimbristylis laxa Vahl = Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl subsp.
Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl subsp. ophiticola (Britton) Zavaro, dichotoma
Fontqueria 42: 199. 1995; Fimbristylis ophiticola Britton, Mem. Fimbristylis littoralis Gaudich., Voy. Uranie, Bot. 413. 1829. Type:
Torrey Bot. Club 16: 60. 1920. Type: Cuba. Camagüey, N.L. Mariannas, Molucca, or Timor Islands, Coll. ign. (Holotype:
Britton 2429 (Holotype: NY) probably at P).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Fimbristylis miliacea sensu authors, non (L.) Vahl (as to
References: 149, 156, 331. lectotypification by Blake).
Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl var. annua (All.) Zavaro = Fimbristylis Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
dichotoma (L.) Vahl subsp. dichotoma Antilles (Grenada, St. Lucia), and Trinidad; probably native to Asia;
also in southern United States, Mexico, Central America, South
Fimbristylis diphylla (Retz.) Vahl = Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl
America, Africa, Southeast Asia, Malesia, and Pacific Region.
subsp. dichotoma
References: 28, 147, 161, 254, 301.
Fimbristylis divaricata Desv. ex Ham. = Rhynchospora divaricata (Desv.
Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl = Fimbristylis quinquangularis (Vahl)
ex Ham.) M.T. Strong
Kunth
Fimbristylis eggersii Boeckeler = Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl subsp.
Fimbristylis miliacea sensu authors, non (L.) Vahl = Fimbristylis
dichotoma
littoralis Gaudich.
Fimbristylis monostachyos (L.) Hassk. = Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Fimbristylis spathacea Roth = Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br.
Kral Fimbristylis squarrosa Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 289. 1805, var. squarrosa;
Fimbristylis obtusifolia (Lam.) Kunth = Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Fimbristylis aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl var. squarrosa (Vahl) T.
Vahl subsp. dichotoma Koyama, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 8: 116. 1961. Type:
South America. Loefling s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl).
Fimbristylis ophiticola Britton = Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl subsp.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and South America; native to Asia,
ophiticola (Britton) Zavaro
southern Europe, and Africa.
Fimbristylis ovata (Burm. f.) J. Kern = Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral References: 3, 147, 254.
Fimbristylis papillosa (Kük.) Alain = Bulbostylis stenocarpa Kük. Fimbristylis stenophylla (Elliott) Alain = Bulbostylis stenophylla
Fimbristylis paradoxa (Spreng.) Alain = Bulbostylis paradoxa (Spreng.) (Elliott) C.B. Clarke
Lindm. Fimbristylis vahlii (Lam.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 287. 1827; Scirpus
Fimbristylis polymorpha Boeckeler = Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.)Vahl vahlii Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 139. 1791. Type: “Hispania.” Coll.
subsp. dichotoma ign. (Holotype: probably at P).
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Antigua), United States, Mexico,
Fimbristylis portoricensis (Britton) Alain = Bulbostylis pauciflora Central America, and South America.
(Liebm.) C.B. Clarke References: 1, 147.
Fimbristylis quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 229. 1837; Fimbristylis vestita (Kunth) Hemsl. = Bulbostylis vestita (Kunth) C.B.
Scirpus quinquangularis Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 279. 1805. Type: Clarke
India. Koenig s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl).
Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 287. 1805; Scirpus Fimbristylis villosa (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. = Fimbristylis dichotoma
miliaceus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 868. 1759, nom. rej. (L.) Vahl subsp. dichotoma
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), and Fuirena breviseta (Coville) Coville, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 466.
South America; native to Africa, Southeast Asia, Malesia, and 1901; Fuirena squarrosa Michx. var. breviseta Coville, Bull.
Australia. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 6. 1890. Lectotype: United States. Florida,
References: 1, 28. Duval Co., Curtiss 3068 (US; Isolectotypes: DUKE, F, GH, MIN,
Fimbristylis savannarum Alain = Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke NY, PH, TENN, US), designated by Kral, Sida 7: 327. 1978.
subsp. capillaris Distribution: Native to Cuba and southeastern United States.
Fimbristylis schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 289. 1805; Scirpus
schoenoides Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 14. 1788. Type: India. Koenig Fuirena camptotricha C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
s.n. (Holotype: probably at C-Vahl). Méd. Habana 8: 82. 1871. Type: Cuba. Habana, C. Wright 3778
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas and southeastern United States; native (Holotype: GH; Isotypes: K, MA, NY).
to Southeast Asia, Malesia, and Australia. Fuirena umbellata sensu León & Alain, Fl. Cuba 1: 224. 1946, non
References: 45, 147. Rottb.
Fimbristylis sintenisii Boeckeler = Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br. America.
Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 294. 1805; Scirpus References: 147, 156, 254, 350.
spadiceus L., Sp. Pl. 51. 1753. Lectotype: Jamaica. Sloane, Voy. Fuirena hispida Elliott = Fuirena squarrosa Michx.
Jamaica 1: t. 76, f. 2. 1707, designated by McVaugh, Fl. Novo-
Galiciana 13: 380. 1993. Fuirena robusta Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 185. 1837. Type: South America.
Fimbristylis castanea (Michx.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 294. 1805; Scirpus Brazil, Sellow s.n. (Holotype: B †).
castaneus Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 31. 1803. Type: United States. Fuirena schizophylla C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Florida, Volusia Co., Michaux s.n. (Holotype: P-Michx.). Habana 8: 82. 1871. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 3779 (Holotype: GH).
Fimbristylis cylindrica Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 293. 1805. Type: Southern Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and South America.
United States. Bosc s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl). References: 3, 28, 350.
Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl var. longestigmata Zavaro, Fontqueria Fuirena schizophylla C. Wright = Fuirena robusta Kunth
42: 199. 1995. Type: Cuba. Ciego de Ávila, Ciénaga de Cunagua,
Fuirena scirpoidea Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 38. 1803. Type: United
Cano & Herrera 34545 (Holotype: HAC).
States. Florida, Michaux s.n. (Holotype: P; Isotype: P).
Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl f. domingensis (Pers.) Kük., Repert.
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 196. 1926; Scirpus domingensis
Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 67. 1805. Type: Dominican Republic. Coll. ign.
(Holotype: probably at P). Fuirena simplex Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 8. 1798. Type: South America.
Scirpus domingensis Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 14. 1825, nom. illeg. Colombia, Bocachica, Rohr 27 (Holotype: C-Vahl).
Type: Hispaniola. Coll. ign. (Holotype: probably in P-Desv.) Distribution: Native to Cuba, southern United States, Mexico, Central
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, America, and South America.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St. References: 3, 147.
Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Barbuda, Grenada, Martinique), Fuirena squarrosa Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 37. 1803. Type: United
Bonaire, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America. States. Georgia, Michaux s.n. (Holotype: P-Michx.).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147, 152, 301, 331, 494. Fuirena hispida Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1(6): 579. 1821; Fuirena
Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl f. domingensis Kük. = Fimbristylis squarrosa Michx. var. hispida (Elliott) Chapm., Fl. South. U.S.
spadicea (L.) Vahl 514. 1860. Type: United States. Baldwin Co., Milledgeville,
Boykin s.n. (Holotype: CHARL).
Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl var. longestigmata Zavaro = Fimbristylis
Scirpus cornatus C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
spadicea (L.) Vahl
Habana 8: 81. 1871. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 3771 (Holotype: GH).
number 9 8 • 279
Distribution: Native to Cuba and eastern United States. States, Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, Asia,
References: 3, 30, 61, 147, 150. Malesia, Australia, and Pacific Region.
Common Name: Cortadera (Cuba).
Fuirena squarrosa Michx. var. breviseta Coville = Fuirena breviseta
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147, 301.
(Coville) Coville
Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. var. longifolia Boeckeler = Kyllinga brevifolia
Fuirena squarrosa Michx. var. hispida (Elliott) Chapm. = Fuirena
Rottb.
squarrosa Michx.
Kyllinga capillaris (Sw.) Griseb. = Cyperus nanus Willd.
Fuirena umbellata Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. 70. 1773; Scirpus
umbellatus (Rottb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 337. 1898; Kyllinga cayennensis Lam. = Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl. var.
Scirpus fuirena T. Koyama, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, aggregatus
Bot. 7: 361. 1958. Type: South America. Surinam, Rolander s.n. Kyllinga cruciformis Schrad. ex Schult. = Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.
(Holotype: C-Rottb.)
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Kyllinga cyperina Retz. = Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Suringar
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Kyllinga filiformis Sw. = Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük.
Martinique, St. Lucia), Margarita, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
Kyllinga filiformis Sw. var. junciformis C. Wright ex Griseb. = Cyperus
America, South America, Africa, Asia, Malesia, Australia, and
swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük.
Pacific Region.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 301, 323. Kyllinga flexuosa Boeckeler = Kyllinga pumila Michx.
Fuirena umbellata Rottb. var. unguiculata Kük. = Fuirena umbellata Kyllinga granularis Desf. ex Link = Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.)
Rottb. Boeckeler ex Kük.
Haloschoenus contractus Nees = Rhynchospora contracta (Nees) Kyllinga granularis Desf. ex Boeckeler = Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.)
J. Raynal Boeckeler ex Kük.
Haplostylis mexicana Liebm. = Rhynchospora mexicana (Liebm.) Kyllinga incompleta Jacq. = Cyperus hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Standl.
Steud. Kyllinga intermedia R. Br. = Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.
Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Britton = Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) Kyllinga maculata Michx. = Lipocarpha maculata (Michx.) Torr.
G.C. Tucker
Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Dandy ex Hutch. &
Hemicarpha subsquarrosa (Muhl.) Nees = Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) Dalziel, Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 2: 468. 1936; Thryocephalon nemorale
G.C. Tucker J.R. Forst. & G. Forst., Char. Gen. Pl. 65. 1775; Cyperus kyllingia
Hypolytrum berteroi Spreng. = Rhynchospora berteroi (Spreng.) C.B. Endl., Cat. Horti Vindob. 1: 94. 1842, nom. illeg. Lectotype:
Clarke Society Islands. Otaheite, Forster & Forster s.n. (BM), designated
by Nicolson, Regnum Veg. 139: 184. 2003.
Hypoporum baldwinii Torr. = Scleria baldwinii (Torr.) Steud.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Hypoporum micrococcum Liebm. = Scleria micrococca (Liebm.) Steud. (Dominica), Tobago, Trinidad, Hawaii, and South America; native
Iria caribaea (Pers.) Steud. = Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral to the tropics and subtropics of Africa, Asia, Malesia, Australia,
and the Pacific Region including Hawaii.
Isolepis junciformis Kunth = Bulbostylis junciformis (Kunth) C.B. Clarke References: 28, 147, 254, 301.
Isolepis sepulcralis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 94. 1855. Type: St. Kyllinga obtusata J. Presl & C. Presl = Kyllinga vaginata Lam.
Helena Island, Longwood, Napoleon’s tomb, Dumont d’Urville
69a (Holotype: P; Isotype: P-2). Kyllinga odorata Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 382. 1805. Type: South America.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique); native to Africa, Rohr s.n. (Holotype: C).
Madagascar, Tristan da Cunha, and St. Helena. Kyllinga sesquiflora Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 287.
Reference: 147. 1836; Cyperus sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kük. in H.G.A.
Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 20 (Heft 101): 591. 1936. Type: United
Isolepis vestita Kunth = Bulbostylis vestita (Kunth) C.B. Clarke States. Florida, Chapman 12 (Holotype: NY).
Kyllinga aphylla (Vahl) Kunth = Kyllinga tibialis Poit. ex Ledeb. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Islands (St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica,
Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. 13. 1773; Cyperus
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique), Tobago, Trinidad, southern
brevifolius (Rottb.) Endl. ex Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. 24.
United States, Mexico, Central America, South America, tropical
1844. Type: East Indies. Koenig s.n. (Holotype: C-Rottb.; Isotypes:
Africa, Madagascar, southeast Asia, Malesia, and northern Australia.
C-Rottb., S).
References: 1, 2, 3, 19, 28, 61, 147, 149, 156, 254, 301, 340.
Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. var. longifolia Boeckeler, Linnaea 35: 426.
1868. Type: not designated. Kyllinga odorata sensu Duss = Kyllinga pumila Michx.
Kyllinga cruciformis Schrad. ex Schult., Mant. 2: 137. 1824. Type: St. Kyllinga peruviana Lam. = Kyllinga vaginata Lam.
Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Ehrenberg 69 (Holotype: B; Isotypes:
C, HAL). Kyllinga peruviana Lam.var. foliata Kük. = Kyllinga tibialis Poit. ex Ledeb.
Kyllinga intermedia R. Br., Prodr. 219. 1810. Type: Australia. Kyllinga polyphylla Thouars ex Link, Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(3): 91. 1820.
Apparently not collected by Brown. Type: Mauritius. du Petit-Thouars s.n. (Holotype: B-Willd. 1441).
Kyllinga monocephala sensu Grisebach, Fl. Brit. W. I. 568. 1864, non Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia); native to
Rottboell, 1773. Africa.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, References: 1, 147.
Kyllinga pumila Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 28. 1803; Cyperus
densicaespitosus Mattf. & Kük. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 20
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, United
(Heft 101): 597. 1936. Type: United States. Illinois, Michaux s.n. Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
(Holotype: P; Isotype: P). Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Kyllinga flexuosa Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 2: 1. 1890. Type: Jamaica. Grenada), Central America, and South America.
Eggers 3753 (Holotype: B †). References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 149, 340.
Kyllinga odorata sensu Duss, Ann. Inst. Col. Marseille 3: 543. 1897, Lagenocarpus cubensis Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 219.
non Vahl, 1805. 1926. Lectotype: Cuba. Oriente, Sierra de Cristal, Ekman 15968
Kyllinga pungens sensu Britton, Bull. Dept. Agric. Jamaica 5(Suppl 1): (S; Isolectotypes: G, NY), selected here.
3. 1907, non Link. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Kyllinga tenuifolia Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 69. 1854; Cyperus References: 3, 156.
tenuifolius (Steud.) Dandy, Cat. Vasc. Pl. S. Tome 363. 1944.
Type: Africa. Senegal, Leprieur s.n. (Holotype: P; Isotype: P). Lagenocarpus guianensis Nees, Linnaea 9: 304. 1834, subsp.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser guianensis; Scleria guianensis (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Martinique, St. 177. 1855. Type: Guyana. Possibly Schomburgk s.n. (Holotype:
Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, United States, Mexico, Central America, CGE [edges of sheet trimmed off, no inscription on back],
and South America. photocopy of CGE at US).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 149, 301. Lagenocarpus portoricensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 55.
1923. Type: Puerto Rico. Underwood & Griggs 946 (Holotype:
Kyllinga pungens Link = Kyllinga vaginata Lam. NY; Isotype: US).
Kyllinga pungens sensu Britton = Kyllinga pumila Michx. Lagenocarpus tremulus sensu Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 126. 1903, non
Nees von Esenbeck, 1843.
Kyllinga rigidifolia Boeckeler = Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Trinidad Central America,
ex Kük.
and South America.
Kyllinga squamulata Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 381. 1805. Type: Africa. References: 3, 28, 61, 147, 152, 156, 254, 301.
Guinea, Thonning 347 (Holotype: C-Vahl).
Lagenocarpus portoricensis Britton = Lagenocarpus guianensis Nees
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique); native to Africa,
subsp. guianensis
Indo-China, and Australia.
References: 1, 147. Lagenocarpus rigidus (Kunth) Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras.
2(1): 167. 1842; Scleria rigida Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 355. 1837.
Kyllinga tibialis Poit. ex Ledeb. in C.F. Ledebour & J.P. Alderstam,
Type: Brazil. Sellow s.n. (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: K, P).
Diss. Bot. Pl. Doming. 6. 1805. Type: Haiti. Poiteau s.n.
Lagenocarpus tremulus (Nees) Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras.
(Holotype: LE).
2(1): 167. 1842; Anogyna tremula Nees, J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 395.
Kyllinga aphylla (Vahl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 127. 1837; Mariscus
1840; Lagenocarpus rigidus (Kunth) Nees subsp. tremulus (Nees)
aphyllus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 373. 1805. Type: Africa. Senegal,
T. Koyama, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 41. 1965.Type:
Dupuis s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl).
Guyana. Schomburgk s.n. (Holotype: BM).
Kyllinga peruviana Lam. var. foliata Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Veg. 12: 92. 1913; Cyperus peruvianus (Lam.) F.N. Williams
References: 3, 147, 254, 301.
var. foliatus (Kük.) Kük. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 20
(Heft 101): 587. 1936. Type: Jamaica. Britton & Hollick 2705 Lagenocarpus tremulus Nees = Lagenocarpus rigidus (Kunth) Nees
(Holotype: B †; Isotypes: K, NY). Lipocarpha cochleata Griseb. = Lipocarpha salzmanniana Steud.
Scirpus nodulosus sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 124.
1883, non Roth. Lipocarpha maculata (Michx.) Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto York 3: 288. 1836; Kyllinga maculata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1:
Rico, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Grenada), Trinidad, Central 29. 1803; Cyperus neotropicalis Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92:
America, the Caribbean coast of Colombia, and tropical West 291. 1965. Type: United States. South Carolina, Michaux s.n.
Africa. (Holotype: P).
References: 28, 30, 147, 156, 254, 301, 309, 340. Distribution: Native to Cuba, eastern United States, Mexico, Central
Kyllinga urbanii Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 183. 1926; References: 3, 30, 147, 150.
Cyperus neourbanii Kük. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 20 (Heft
101): 604. 1936. Type: Cuba. Pinar del Rio-City, Ekman 17925 Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G.C. Tucker, J. Arnold Arbor. 68:
(Holotype: B †; Isotypes: S, US). 410. 1987; Scirpus micranthus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 254. 1805;
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Britton in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E.
References: 3, 147. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2(2): 105. 1888. Type: French Guiana.
Richard s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl; Isotype: P).
Kyllinga vaginata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 148. 1791; Kyllinga peruviana Hemicarpha subsquarrosa (Muhl.) Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl.
Lam., Encycl. 3: 366. 1792, nom. illeg.; Cyperus peruvianus F.N. Bras. 2(1): 61. 1842; Scirpus subsquarrosus Muhl., Descr. Gram.
Williams, Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, 7: 90. 1907. Lectotype: Peru. 39. 1817. Type: United States. Pennsylvania, Muehlenberg s.n.
Dombey s.n. (P-Lam.; Isolectotype: C), designated by G.C. Tucker, (Holotype: B-Willd. 1202).
Rhodora 86: 525. 1984. Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Kyllinga obtusata J. Presl & C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(3): 183. 1828; (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita,
Cyperus obtusatus (J. Presl) Mattf. & Kük. in H.G.A. Engler, Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central America, South
Pflanzenr. IV, 20 (Heft 101): 585. 1936. Type: Peru. Haenke s.n. America, and tropical Africa.
(Holotype: PR). References: 1, 2, 28, 30, 147, 301, 323, 494.
Kyllinga pungens Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 326. 1827. Type: (Holotype: B †).
Scirpus mutatus sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 124. 1883, Lipocarpha salzmanniana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 129. 1855. Type:
non L. Brazil. Bahia, Salzmann 603 (Holotype: P; Isotypes: G, K, LE,
MO, US).
number 9 8 • 281
Lipocarpha cochleata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 241. 1866. Type: Cuba. Mariscus cayennensis (Lam.) Urb. = Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl.
Pinar del Rio, C. Wright 3386 (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: BM, G-2, var. aggregatus
GH, K, LE, MA, MO, P, S). Mariscus confertus (Sw.) C.B. Clarke = Cyperus confertus Sw.
America. Mariscus cyperinus (Retz.) Vahl = Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Suringar
References: 124, 147. Mariscus cyperoides (L.) Urb. = Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze
Machaerina cubensis (Kük.) T. Koyama, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 69: 63. Mariscus dissitiflorus (Nees ex Torr.) C.B. Clarke = Cyperus thyrsiflorus
1956; Cladium cubense Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: Jungh.
213. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Oriente, Sierra de Nipe, Ekman 3180;
Mariscus dissitiflorus (Nees ex Torr.) C.B. Clarke var. lucidior C.B.
5740 (B †); Baracoa, Ekman 3686 (B †); Taco-Bay, Ekman 3711
Clarke = Cyperus thyrsiflorus Jungh.
(B †; Isosyntype: G).
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Mariscus echinatus sensu C.B. Clarke = Cyperus croceus Vahl
Hispaniola. Mariscus ehrenbergianus (Boeckeler) C.B. Clarke = Cyperus mutisii
References: 3, 149, 329. (Kunth) Andersson
Machaerina effusa (Griseb.) M.T. Strong, comb. & stat. nov.; Mariscus ekmanii (Kük.) T. Koyama = Cyperus ekmanii Kük.
Machaerina restioides (Sw.) Vahl var. effusa Griseb., Pl. Wright.
2: 535. 1862; Machaerina restioides (Sw.) Vahl subsp. effusa Mariscus filiformis (Sw.) Spreng. = Cyperus filiformis Sw.
(Griseb.) T. Koyama, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 89. 1972; Mariscus flabelliformis Kunth = Cyperus tenuis Sw.
Cladium restioides (Sw.) Benth. ex C.B. Clarke var. effusum
Mariscus flavus Vahl = Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl. var.
(Griseb.) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 136. 1900.
aggregatus
Type: Cuba. Monte Verde, C. Wright 1535 (Holotype: GOET;
Isotype: GH) Mariscus flavus Vahl var. gigas Lindm. = Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.)
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Endl. var. gigas (Lindm.) Guagl.
Hispaniola. Mariscus fuligineus (Chapm.) C.B. Clarke = Cyperus fuligineus Chapm.
References: 3, 30, 147, 254.
Mariscus globulosus (Aubl.) Urb. = Cyperus luzulae (L.) Rottb. ex Retz.
Machaerina ekmanii (Kük.) T. Koyama, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 69: 63.
1956; Cladium ekmanii Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: Mariscus gracilis Vahl = Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük.
213. 1926. Type: Haiti. Massif du Nord, Le Borgne, Ekman 4754 Mariscus havanensis Kunth = Cyperus filiformis Sw.
(Holotype: B †; Isotypes: G, S, US).
Mariscus hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Urb. = Cyperus hermaphroditus
(Jacq.) Standl.
References: 5, 149, 254, 329.
Mariscus incompletus (Jacq.) Urb. = Cyperus hermaphroditus (Jacq.)
Machaerina filifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 242. 1866; Cladium
Standl.
filifolium (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3: 1066. 1883.
Lectotype: Cuba. Oriente, Baracoa, C. Wright 3388 (GOET; Mariscus incompletus sensu Urb. = Cyperus mutisii (Kunth) Andersson
Isolectotypes: GH, GOET), designated by C. Wright in F.A. Mariscus jacquinii Kunth = Cyperus hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Standl.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Mariscus jacquinii Kunth var. angustior C.B. Clarke = Cyperus
References: 3, 124. hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Standl.
Machaerina restioides (Sw.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 238. 1805; Schoenus Mariscus jamaicensis (Crantz) Britton = Cladium jamaicense Crantz
restioides Sw., Prodr. 19. 1788; Cladium restioides (Sw.) Benth. Mariscus ligularis (L.) Urb. = Cyperus ligularis L.
ex C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 135. 1900. Type:
Mariscus meyenianus (Kunth) Nees = Cyperus meyenianus Kunth
Montserrat. Ryan s.n. (Holotype: BM; Isotypes: B-Willd. 1149, C).
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mariscus mutisii Kunth = Cyperus mutisii (Kunth) Andersson
Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mariscus pedunculatus (R. Br.) T. Koyama = Remirea maritima Aubl.
Montserrat, Nevis, St. Lucia).
Common Names: Cuchillito, Enea (Dominican Republic), Aneu (Haiti), Mariscus planifolius (Rich.) Urb. = Cyperus planifolius Rich.
Cortadera, Cortadora, Cortadora de altura, Lambedora (Puerto Mariscus purpurascens (Vahl) C.B. Clarke = Cyperus planifolius Rich.
Rico).
Mariscus rufus Kunth = Cyperus ligularis L.
References: 1, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 123, 131.
Mariscus sieberianus Nees ex C.B. Clarke = Cyperus cyperoides (L.)
Machaerina restioides (Sw.) Vahl var. effusa Griseb. = Machaerina
Kuntze
effusa (Griseb.) M.T. Strong
Mariscus squarrosus (L.) C.B. Clarke = Cyperus squarrosus L.
Machaerina restioides (Sw.) Vahl subsp. effusa (Griseb.) T. Koyama =
Machaerina effusa (Griseb.) M.T. Strong Mariscus sumatrensis (Retz.) J. Raynal = Cyperus cyperoides (L.)
Kuntze
Mariscus aggregatus Willd. = Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl. var.
aggregatus Mariscus swartzii A. Dietr. = Cyperus swartzii (A. Dietr.) Boeckeler ex
Kük.
Mariscus alternifolius Vahl = Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze
Mariscus tenuis (Sw.) C.B. Clarke = Cyperus tenuis Sw.
Mariscus brizaeus C.B. Clarke = Cyperus brunneus Sw.
Mariscus tetragonus sensu C.B. Clarke (as to West Indies plants) =
Mariscus bruneus (Sw.) C.B. Clarke = Cyperus brunneus Sw.
Cyperus mutisii (Kunth) Andersson
Mariscus capillaris (Sw.) Vahl = Cyperus nanus Willd.
Mariscus thyrsiflorus (Jungh.) T. Koyama = Cyperus thyrsiflorus Jungh.
Mariscus umbellatus (Rottb.) Vahl = Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze Remirea pedunculata R. Br., Prodr. 236. 1810; Cyperus pedunculatus
(R. Br.) J. Kern, Acta Bot. Néerl. 7: 798. 1958; Mariscus
Mariscus urbanii (Boeckeler) C.B. Clarke = Cyperus urbanii Boeckeler
pedunculatus (R. Br.) T. Koyama, Gard. Bull. Singapore 30: 157.
Oncostylis arenaria Nees = Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke subsp. 1977. Type: Australia. Queensland, Brown s.n. (Holotype: BM).
capillaris Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Oncostylis pauciflora Liebm. = Bulbostylis pauciflora (Liebm.) C.B. Clarke Rico, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), Trinidad, United States (FL),
Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, southern Asia,
Oxycaryum cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Palla, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Malesia, Pacific Islands, and Australia.
Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79: 169. 1908; Anosporum References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 28, 61, 147, 149, 301.
cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Boeckeler, Linnaea 36: 413. 1870;
Crepidocarpus cubensis (Poepp. & Kunth) Klotzsch ex Boeckeler, Remirea pedunculata R. Br. = Remirea maritima Aubl.
Linnaea 36: 414. 1870; Scirpus cubensis Poepp. & Kunth, Enum. Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 236. 1805; Schoenus albus
Pl. 2: 172. 1837. Type: Cuba. Poeppig s.n. (Holotype: B †; L., Sp. Pl. 44. 1753. Lectotype: Europe (LINN 68.17), designated
Isotype: P). by D.A. Simpson in Cafferty & C.E. Jarvis (eds.), Taxon 53: 179.
Scirpus ablepharus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 240. 1866; Scirpus cubensis 2004.
Poepp. & Kunth var. minor C. Wright & Sauvalle in F.A. Sauvalle, Rhynchospora luquillensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 56. 1923.
Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 177. 1871. Type: Cuba. C. Type: Puerto Rico. Sierra de Luquillo, Hioram 364 (Holotype: NY;
Wright 3380 (Holotype: GOET; Isotype: US). Isotypes: NY, US).
Scirpus cubensis Poepp. & Kunth var. gracilis (Boeckeler) Beetle, Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, North America, Europe, and Asia.
Rhodora 46: 146. 1944; Anosporum cubense (Poeppig & Kunth) References: 28, 61, 147, 156.
Boeckeler var. β gracile Boeckeler, Linnaea 36: 414. 1870. Type:
Rhynchospora aristata Boeckeler var. brevifoliata Kük., Repert. Spec.
Surinam, Weigelt s.n. (Holotype: B †).
Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 205. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Oriente, Sierra
Maestra, Ekman 1632, 8810, 8167, 14439 (B †).
Trinidad, southern United States, Mexico, Central America, South
America, and tropical Africa.
References: 3, 329.
References: 2, 3, 5, 30, 124, 147, 149, 152, 254, 301.
Rhynchospora aristata Boeckeler var. cruegeriana (Boeckeler) Kük. =
Psilocarya corymbifera (C. Wright) Benth. = Rhynchospora scirpoides
Rhynchospora longiflora C. Presl
(Torr.) Griseb.
Rhynchospora aristata Boeckeler var. fuertesii (Urb.) Kük. =
Psilocarya portoricensis Britton = Rhynchospora nitens (Vahl) A. Gray
Rhynchospora fuertesii Urb.
Psilocarya scirpoides Torr. = Rhynchospora scirpoides (Torr.) Griseb.
Rhynchospora aristata Boeckeler var. moritziana sensu Kük. =
Pteroscleria longifolia Griseb. = Diplacrum capitatum (Willd.) Rhynchospora eggersiana Boeckeler
Boeckeler
Rhynchospora aurea Vahl = Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton
Ptilochaeta diodon Nees = Rhynchospora diodon (Nees) Griseb.
Rhynchospora bahamensis Britton = Rhynchospora lindeniana Griseb.
Pycreus angulatus (Nees) Nees ex C.B. Clarke = Cyperus unioloides R. Br.
Rhynchospora barbata (Vahl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 290. 1837; Schoenus
Pycreus densus (Link) Urb. = Cyperus lanceolatus Poir. barbatus Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 4. 1798. Type: West Indies.
Pycreus flavescens (L.) P. Beauv. ex Rchb. = Cyperus flavescens L. von Rohr 72 (Holotype: C-Vahl, microfiche US ex C; possible
Isotype: BM).
Pycreus helvus (Liebm.) C.B. Clarke = Cyperus lanceolatus Poir. Rhynchospora pterocarpa (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 89.
Pycreus laevigatus (L.) Nees = Cyperus laevigatus L. 1817; Chaetospora pterocarpa Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt,
Pycreus lanceolatus (Poir.) C.B. Clarke = Cyperus lanceolatus Poir.
1816. Type: Venezuela. Atures, Bonpland s.n. (Holotype: P-HBK).
Pycreus mundtii Nees = Cyperus mundtii (Nees) Kunth Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Margarita, Trinidad, Mexico,
Pycreus nitens (Retz.) Nees = Cyperus pumilus L. Central America, and South America.
References: 5, 30, 147, 301, 323, 332.
Pycreus odoratus Urb. = Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var. polystachyos
Rhynchospora berteroana Boeckeler = Rhynchospora berteroi (Spreng.)
Pycreus odoratus Urb. var. hahnianus (Boeckeler) Stehlé = Cyperus C.B. Clarke
polystachyos Rottb. var. polystachyos
Rhynchospora berteroi (Spreng.) C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill.
Pycreus olfersianus (Kunth) Urb. = Cyperus lanceolatus Poir. 2: 119. 1900; Hypolytrum berteroi Spreng., Neue Entdeck.
Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv. = Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. Pflanzenk. 1: 241. 1820; Rhynchospora berteroana Boeckeler,
var. polystachyos Flora 41: 645. 1858. Type: Guadeloupe. Bertero s.n. (Holotype:
TO; Isotypes: M, MO).
Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv. var. hahnianus (Boeckeler) C.B.
Rhynchospora pusilla (Sw.) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen
Clarke = Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var. polystachyos
7: 271. 1857; Schoenus pusillus Sw., Prodr. 20. 1788. Type:
Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv. var. laxiflora C.B. Clarke = Jamaica. Swartz s.n. (Holotype: BM; Isotype: M, S-Sw.).
Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var. polystachyos Rhynchospora subfiliformis H. Pfeiff., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Pycreus propinquus Nees = Cyperus lanceolatus Poir. 49: 80. 1940, nom. nov. for Dichromena filiformis C.B. Clarke in
I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 102. 1900, nom. illeg.; Rhynchospora
Pycreus pumilus (L.) Nees ex Urb. = Cyperus pumilus L. nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler var. subfiliformis (H. Pfeiff.) Kük.,
Pycreus unioloides (R. Br.) Urb. = Cyperus unioloides R. Br. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 295. 1951.Type: Hispaniola. Poiteau s.n.
(Holotype: G).
Remirea maritima Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 45. 1775. Type: French
Scleria microdiscus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 175. 1855. Type: Puerto
Guiana. Aublet s.n. (Holotype: BM).
Rico. Wydler s.n. (Holotype: G).
number 9 8 • 283
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico,
Islands (St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Central America, and South America.
Marie Galante, St. Kitts), and Central America (Belize). References: 2, 3, 147, 301, 332.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 117, 147. Rhynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl var. comata sensu Kük. =
Rhynchospora blauneri Britton = Rhynchospora brachychaeta C. Wright Rhynchospora cephalotoides Griseb.
Rhynchospora borinquensis Britton = Rhynchospora marisculus Lindl. Rhynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl var. pseudocomata Kük. =
& Nees Rhynchospora cephalotoides Griseb.
Rhynchospora brachychaeta C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Rhynchospora cephalotoides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 242. 1866. Type:
Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 85. 1871. Type: Cuba. Pinar del Rio, Cuba. C. Wright 3390 (Holotype: GOET; Isotypes: G-2, GH,
C. Wright 3782 (Holotype: GH; Isotypes: NY, US). GOET, NY-2, US).
Rhynchospora blauneri Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 56. Rhynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl var. pseudocomata Kük., Bot.
1923. Type: Puerto Rico. Sierra de Luquillo, Blauner 247 Jahrb. Syst. 75: 123. 1950; Rhynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl
(Holotype: NY). var. comata sensu Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23:
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Central 210. 1926, non Rhynchospora comata (Link) Roem. & Schult.
America, and South America. Lectotype: Cuba. Oriente, Sierra de Nipe, Ekman 2047 (B, extant;
References: 3, 28, 61, 156, 254, 332, 350. Isolectotype: S), designated by T. Koyama, Mem. New York Bot.
Gard. 23: 41. 1972.
Rhynchospora brevirostris Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 246. 1866. Lectotype:
Cuba. C. Wright 3410 (P, sheet # P00264361); Isolectotypes: GH,
Common Name: Cortadera (Cuba).
P, here designated.
References: 3, 124, 132, 329.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
America, and South America. Rhynchospora cernua Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 248. 1866. Lectotype:
References: 30, 124, 147, 254, 301, 332. Cuba. C. Wright 3365 (GOET; Isolectotype: GH), here designated.
Note: Specimens of C. Wright 3413 are a mixture of two different taxa, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
R. brevirostris and R. cernua. Grisebach cited this collection in the References: 3, 124.
protologues of both of these taxa. Thus, a lectotype is designated Rhynchospora cernua Griseb. var. depressa (Kük.) Kük. = Rhynchospora
herein for both taxa (see also R. cernua). depressa (Kük.) Gale
Rhynchospora breviseta (Gale) Channell = Rhynchospora galeana Rhynchospora chapmanii M.A. Curtis var. nuda (Gale) Kük. =
Naczi, W.M. Knapp, & Gerry Moore Rhynchospora nuda Gale
Rhynchospora brittonii Gale, Rhodora 46: 241. 1944. Type: Cuba. Rhynchospora ciliata (G. Mey.) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56 (Beibl. 125):
Pinar del Rio, E.G. Britton 10023 (Holotype: NY; Isotype: US). 16. 1921; Dichromena ciliata Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 240. Oct.-Dec.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and South America. 1805, nom. illeg., non Dichromena [as ‘Dichroma’] ciliatum Pers.,
References: 3, 147, 156. Apr.-Jun. 1805, nom. illeg.; Schoenus ciliatus G. Mey., Prim. Fl.
Rhynchospora bruneri Britton = Rhynchospora pusilla Chapm. ex M.A. Esseq. 23. 1818; Dichromena persooniana Nees in C.F.P. von
Curtis Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(1): 112. 1842; Rhynchospora persooniana
(Nees) Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 536. 1862; Rhynchospora vahliana
Rhynchospora bucherorum León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 577. 1864, nom. illeg.; Rhynchospora nervosa
“De La Salle” 8: 226. 1946. Type: Cuba. Moa, Victorin & Alain
(Vahl) Boeckeler var. ciliata (G. Mey.) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75:
21455 (Holotype: HAC).
295. 1951; Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler subsp. ciliata
T. Koyama, Madroño 20: 254. 1970., non Rhynchospora ciliaris [as
“ciliata”] (Michx.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 235. 1805. [Vahl’s incorrect
publication of Rhynchospora ciliata, based on Schoenus ciliaris
Cuba (39).
Michx., should be interpreted as an orthographic variant]. Lectotype:
Rhynchospora buchii Urb. = Rhynchospora mexicana (Liebm.) Steud. Puerto Rico. West s.n. (C-Vahl), designated by Strong in Acevedo-
Rhynchospora cacuminicola Gale, Rhodora 46: 275. 1944. Type: Rodríguez and Strong, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 337. 2005.
Dominican Republic. Vicinity of Constanza, Tuerckheim 3417 Rhynchospora hirsuta sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 576. 1864, non
(Holotype: NY). (Vahl) Vahl.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Rhynchospora jelskiana Boeckeler, Linnaea 38: 401. 1874; Rhynchospora
References: 117, 156, 254. nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler var. jelskiana (Boeckeler) Kük., Bot. Jahrb.
Syst. 75: 298. 1951. Lectotype: French Guiana. Cayenne, de Jelski
Rhynchospora careyana Fernald, Rhodora 20: 140. 1918. 987 (GH; Isolectotypes: GH, MO, US), designated by W.W. Thomas,
Rhynchospora inundata sensu C.D. Adams, Fl. Pl. Jamaica 136. 1972, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 37: 96. 1984.
non (Oakes) Fernald. Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler var. cinnamomea (Kük.) Kük.,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, and southeastern United States. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 297. 1951; Dichromena ciliata Vahl var.
References: 2, 147. cinnamomea Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 200. 1926.
Rhynchospora cephalantha A. Rich. = Rhynchospora globosa (Kunth) Lectotype: Venezuela, Isla Margarita, Miller & Johnston 189 (NY;
Roem. & Schult. var. tenuifolia León Isolectotypes: GH, MO, US), designated by W.W. Thomas, Mem.
New York Bot. Gard. 37: 96. 1984.
Rhynchospora cephalantha A. Gray var. microcephala (Britton ex
Rhynchospora pura (Nees) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 577. 1864; Dichromena
Small) Kük. = Rhynchospora microcephala Britton ex Small
pura Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(1): 112. 1842. Type: St.
Rhynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 237. 1805, var. Vincent. Lindley s.n. (Holotype: CGE; Isotype: NY).
cephalotes; Scirpus cephalotes L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 76. 1762. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Lectotype: West Indies. (LINN 71.56), designated by C.B. Clarke, Islands (St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 314. 1894.
Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Rhynchospora corniculata (Lam.) A. Gray, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist.
St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South New York 3: 205. 1836; Schoenus corniculatus Lam., Tabl.
America. Encycl. 1: 137. 1791. Type: United States. “E. Florida and
Common names: Star grass (Jamaica), Botoncillo, Coquí blanco, Yerba Carolina,” coll. ign. (Holotype: probably at P).
de estrella (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Native to Cuba and eastern United States.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 19, 28, 30, 61, 117, 131, 147, 149, 156, 301, References: 3, 149.
311, 332, 340. Rhynchospora corymbifera (C. Wright) Kük. = Rhynchospora
Rhynchospora colorata (L.) H. Pfeiff., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. scirpoides (Torr.) Griseb.
38: 89. 1935; Schoenus coloratus L., Sp. Pl. 43. 1753; Schoenus Rhynchospora corymbifera (C. Wright) Kük. var. pseudeximia Kük. =
stellatus Lam., Encycl. 1: 741. 1785, nom. illeg.; Dichroma Rhynchospora scirpoides (Torr.) Griseb.
ciliatum Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 58. 1805, nom. illeg.; Rhynchospora
stellata Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 271. 1857; Rhynchospora corymbifera Nees var. subcostata C.B. Clarke =
Dichromena colorata (L.) Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Rhynchospora longiflora C. Presl
Gard. 4: 141. 1893. Lectotype: Jamaica. Sloane, Voy. Jamaica 1: t. Rhynchospora corymbifera (C. Wright) Britton = Rhynchospora
78, f. 1. 1707, designated by W.W. Thomas, Mem. New York Bot. scirpoides (Torr.) Griseb.
Gard. 37: 83. 1984.
Rhynchospora corymbifera (C. Wright) Britton var. pseudeximia Kük. =
Rhynchospora leucocephala (Michx.) Boeckeler, Vidensk. Meddel.
Rhynchospora scirpoides (Torr.) Griseb.
Dansk Naturhist. Føren. Kjøbenhavn 1869: 144. 1869;
Dichromena leucocephala Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 37. 1803. Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton, Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 11:
Type: United States. Carolina and Georgia, Bosc s.n. (Holotype: P; 84. 1892; Scirpus corymbosus L., Cent. Pl. 2, 7. 1756. Lectotype:
Isotype: G). India. (LINN 71.48), designated by K. Gordon-Gray, Strelitzia 2:
Rhynchospora stellata (Lam.) Griseb. f. intercedens Kük., Bot. Jahrb. 150. 1995.
Syst. 75: 300. 1951. Lectotype: Haiti, Massif de la Selle, Port au Rhynchospora aurea Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 229. 1805. Type: India. Koenig
Prince, Ekman 5657 (B, extant; Isolectotypes: GH, US), designated s.n. (Holotype: C-Koenig).
here. Rhynchospora florida Griseb. var. nigra Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 246.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, 1866. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 3405 (Holotype: probably at GOET;
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Marie Isotype: GH-2, NY-2, P-2).
Galante, Martinique), southeastern United States, Mexico, and Distribution: Pantropical; Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Central America. Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 117, 147, 309, 342. Martinique), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, South America,
Africa, Madagascar, India, southeast Asia, Malesia, Australia,
Rhynchospora comata (Link) Roem. & Schult., Mant. 2: 50. 1824;
New Guinea, and Pacific Region.
Schoenus comatus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 41. 1821;
Common Name: Junco pico (Puerto Rico).
Rhynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl var. comata (Link) Kük.,
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 131, 147, 301, 329, 332.
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 210. 1926. Type: Brazil. Rio de
Janeiro, Sellow s.n. (Holotype: B †). Rhynchospora crispa Gale, Rhodora 46: 213. 1944. Type: Cuba.
Rhynchospora umbraticola Poepp. & Kunth var. broadwayi Kük., Bot. Oriente, Sierra Nipe, Shafer 3266 (Holotype: NY).
Jahrb. Syst. 74: 392. 1949. Type: Trinidad. Setron Bay, Broadway Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
6743 (Holotype: S). References: 3, 147, 156.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, Central America, and Rhynchospora cruegeriana Boeckeler = Rhynchospora longiflora
South America. C. Presl
References: 2, 3, 147, 149, 301, 329, 332.
Rhynchospora cubensis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Rhynchospora contracta (Nees) J. Raynal, Adansonia, s.n., 17: 277. 11: 294. 1850. Type: Cuba. R. de la Sagra s.n. (Holotype: P).
1978; Haloschoenus contractus Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. Rhynchospora cubensis A. Rich. var. brevifoliata Kük., Bot. Jahrb.
2(1): 123. 1842. Type: Brazil. Piauí, Martius s.n. (Holotype: M). Syst. 75: 141. 1950. Type: Cuba. Oriente, Bayate, Ekman 1798
Juncus parviflorus Poir. in Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 3: 160. 1813, nom. (Holotype: B †).
illeg. Type: Puerto Rico. Ledrú 11b (Holotype: P; Isotype: P-2). Rhynchospora cubensis A. Rich. var. stenophylloidea Kük., Repert.
Rhynchospora micrantha sensu C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32: 78. 1933. Type: Dominican Republic.
2: 117. 1900, non Vahl, 1805 (which is a nom. illeg. because Vahl Samaná, slope of Pan de Azucar, Ekman 14873 (Holotype: B †).
cited Schoenus rariflorus Michx., a different species, as a synonym Rhynchospora deflexa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 243. 1866. Lectotype:
of it). Cuba. Oriente, C. Wright 3399 (GOET; Isolectotypes: GH, MO,
Rhynchospora minutiflora C.D. Adams, Phytologia 21: 70. 1971, nom. US), designated by C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
inval. Méd. Habana 8: 84. 1871.
Scleria cincta Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 177. 1855. Type: Guadeloupe. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Duchassaing s.n. (Holotype: P; Isotype: P-2). Hispaniola.
Scleria micrantha Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 5: 108. References: 3, 5, 30, 124, 147, 351.
1817. Type: Puerto Rico. Ledrú s.n. (Holotype: P).
Zosterospermum gracile Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 14. Rhynchospora cubensis (Poepp. & Kunth) Griseb. = Rhynchospora
1825, non Rhynchospora gracilis Vahl, 1805. Type: West Indies. tenuis Link subsp. tenuis
Coll. ign. (Holotype: P-Desv.). Rhynchospora cubensis A. Rich. var. brevifoliata Kük. = Rhynchospora
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Virgin cubensis A. Rich.
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia),
Rhynchospora cubensis A. Rich. var. stenophylloidea Kük. =
Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Rhynchospora stenophylloidea (Kük.) Gale
References: 1, 2, 28, 30, 147, 149, 254, 301, 329, 332.
Rhynchospora cymosa sensu Urb. = Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral
number 9 8 • 285
Rhynchospora cymosa Elliott ex Chapm. var. globularis Chapm. = Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, southeastern United States,
Rhynchospora globularis (Chapm.) Small var. globularis Mexico, and Central America.
Common Name: Low beak-rush (Bahamas).
Rhynchospora cyperoides Mart. = Rhynchospora holoschoenoides
References: 3, 30, 45, 117, 147, 150, 156.
(Rich.) Herter
Rhynchospora divergens Chapm. ex M.A. Curtis var. expansa Kük. =
Rhynchospora cyperoides Mart. var. triquetrifolia Kük. = Rhynchospora
Rhynchospora divergens Chapm. ex M.A. Curtis
holoschoenoides (Rich.) Herter
Rhynchospora domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 170. 1912;
Rhynchospora cyperoides Sw. = Rhynchospora holoschoenoides (Rich.)
Rhynchospora longiflora C. Presl var. domingensis (Urb.) Kük.,
Herter
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 74: 396. 1949. Type: Dominican Republic.
Rhynchospora deflexa Griseb. = Rhynchospora cubensis A. Rich. Vicinity of Constanza, Tuerckheim 3325 (Holotype: B †).
Rhynchospora depressa (Kük.) Gale, Rhodora 46: 217. 1944; Rhynchospora longiflora sensu authors, non C. Presl, 1828
Rhynchospora lindeniana Griseb. var. depressa Kük., Repert. Spec. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 211. 1926; Rhynchospora cernua Griseb. var. and Puerto Rico.
depressa (Kük.) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 165. 1950. Type: Cuba. References: 3, 5, 28, 117, 311.
Oriente, Minas de Iberia, Ekman 3808 [cited in error as 3838 in Rhynchospora dussiana Boeckeler = Rhynchospora watsonii (Britton)
protologue] (Holotype: B †; Isotype: NY). Davidse
Rhynchospora dussii Boeckeler ex Duss = Rhynchospora watsonii
References: 3, 30, 147, 149, 329.
(Britton) Davidse
Rhynchospora depressirostris M.T. Strong, Brittonia 52: 241. 2000.
Rhynchospora eggersiana Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 2: 26. 1890. Type:
Type: Puerto Rico. Dorado, Stevenson 889 (Holotype: US;
Jamaica. Catherines Peak, Eggers 3596 (Holotype: B †).
Isotypes: NY, UPR).
Rhynchospora aristata Boeckeler var. moritziana sensu Kük., Bot.
Rhynchospora tenuis sensu authors non Willd. ex Link
Jahrb. Syst. 74: 401. 1949.
References: 2, 117.
Rhynchospora diodon (Nees) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 245. 1866;
Rhynchospora ekmanii Urb. = Rhynchospora uniflora Boeckeler
Ptilochaeta diodon Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(1): 148.
1842. Syntypes: Brazil. Piauí, Martius s.n. (Holotype: B †); Bahia, Rhynchospora elliottii A. Dietr., Sp. Pl. 2: 69. 1832. Type: United
Itapicurú, Martius s.n. (Holotype: B †). States. Georgia. Chatham Co., in vicinity of Savannah, Baldwin
Rhynchospora lunata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 244. 1866. Type: Cuba. 408 (Holotype: CHARL; Isotype: NY).
C. Wright 3408 (Holotype: GOET; Isotype: NY). Distribution: Native to Bahamas and southeastern United States.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Central America, and South America. Common Name: Elliott’s beak-rush (Bahamas).
Rhynchospora distans (Michx.) Vahl = Rhynchospora fascicularis Rhynchospora elongata Boeckeler = Rhynchospora uniflora Boeckeler
(Michx.) Vahl ex Chapm. var. distans (Michx.) Chapm. Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 291. 1837. Type: Brazil.
Rhynchospora distans (Michx.) Vahl var. microcarpa Boeckeler = Sellow 1216 (Holotype: B †, photo US ex B; Isotype: K).
Rhynchospora fuscoides C.B. Clarke ex Britton Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and South America.
References: 3, 117, 329, 332.
Rhynchospora divaricata (Desv. ex Ham.) M.T. Strong in P. Acevedo-
Rodríguez & M.T. Strong, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 343. 2005; Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth var. simplex Kük. = Rhynchospora
Fimbristylis divaricata Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 14. simplex (Kük.) Kük.
1825. Type: Puerto Rico. Ledrú s.n. (Holotype: P-Desv.). Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth var. simplex Kük. f. angusta Kük. =
Fimbristylis hamiltonii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 119. 1855, nom. nov. Rhynchospora simplex (Kük.) Kük.
for Fimbristylis hirtella Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 14.
1825, non Vahl, 1805. Type: Puerto Rico. Coll. ign. (Holotype: Rhynchospora simplex Kük. var. β angusta Kük. = Rhynchospora
probably in P-Desv.). simplex (Kük.) Kük.
Rhynchospora trichodes C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 116. Rhynchospora eximia (Nees) Boeckeler, Linnaea 37: 601. 1873;
1900, nom nov. for Rhynchospora hispidula (Vahl) Boeckeler, Spermodon eximius Nees in B. Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 222.
Linnaea 37: 604. 1873, non Grisebach, 1866; Schoenus hispidulus 1854. Type: Panama. Seemann 140 (Holotype: BM).
Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 219. 1805. Type: French Guiana. Coll. ign. Rhynchospora eximia (Nees) Boeckeler var. β multiflorens Kük.,
(Holotype: B †, photo US ex B). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 182. 1950. Syntypes: Cuba. Isla de Pinos,
Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Central America, and Nueva Gerona, Ekman 12391 (B †; Isosyntype: G); Santo
South America. Domingo, Llano Costero, Ekman 10997 (B †; Isosyntypes: G-2,
References: 28, 301, 329, 332. NY, S, US).
Rhynchospora divergens Chapm. ex M.A. Curtis, Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. Rhynchospora oxycephala C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad.
2, 7: 409. 1849. Type: United States, South Carolina, along the Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 152. 1871. Type: Cuba. Pinar de Rio and
Santee, Ravenel s.n. (Holotype: NY). Chirigota, San Cristóbal, C. Wright 3792 (Holotype: GH;
Rhynchospora divergens Chapm. ex M.A. Curtis var. expansa Kük., Isotypes: NY, US).
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 283. 1951. Type: Bahamas. Nassau, Curtiss Rhynchospora psilocaryoides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 247. 1866. Type:
162 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: US). Cuba. C. Wright 3381 (Holotype: GOET).
Rhynchospora lamprosperma C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America,
Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 87. 1871. Type: Cuba. Pinar del Rio, and South America.
C. Wright 3793 (Holotype: GH; Isotype: US-2). References: 3, 5, 30, 117, 124, 147.
Rhynchospora eximia (Nees) Boeckeler var. multiflorens Kük. = var. microcarpa Boeckeler, Flora 64: 78. 1881. Lectotype: Cuba.
Rhynchospora eximia (Nees) Boeckeler C. Wright 3783 (US; Isolectotypes: G, NY), here designated.
Rhynchospora fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 234. 1805, var.
Reference: 254.
fascicularis; Schoenus fascicularis Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 37.
1803. Type: United States. Carolina, Bosc s.n. (Holotype P, photo Rhynchospora gageri Britton, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe
at GH; Isotype fragment: NY). Poey” 2: 196. 1916; Rhynchospora joveroensis Britton var. gageri
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, (Britton) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 108. 1950. Type: Cuba. Pinar
southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South del Rio, vicinity of Herradura, N.L. Britton et al. 6618 (Holotype;
America. NY; Isotype: US).
References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 156, 254, 332. Rhynchospora longifrons Kük. var. reducta Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Regni Veg. 23: 209. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Pinar del Rio-City,
Rhynchospora fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl var. distans (Michx.) Chapm.,
Mateo Sanchez, Ekman 17939 (B †); Pinar del Rio, Herradura,
Fl. South. U.S. 527. 1860; Schoenus distans Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer.
Ekman 14105, 17729 (B †).
1: 36. 1803; Rhynchospora distans (Michx.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:
235. 1805. Type: United States. Carolina, Michaux s.n. (Holotype:
References: 3, 117, 147, 149, 156, 487.
G, fragment NY).
Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, southeastern United States, and Rhynchospora galeana Naczi, W.M. Knapp, & Gerry Moore, Brittonia
Mexico. 62: 96. 2010; Rhynchospora oligantha A. Gray var. breviseta
References: 28, 30, 61, 147, 152, 156. Gale, Rhodora 46: 129. 1944; Rhynchospora breviseta (Gale)
Channell, Rhodora 58: 336. 1956, nom. illeg., non Palla, 1909.
Rhynchospora fibrillosa Kük. = Rhynchospora nipensis Britton
Type: United States. Florida, Curtiss 5687 (Holotype: GH;
Rhynchospora filifolia A. Gray, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: Isotypes: NC, US).
366. 1836. Syntypes: United States. North Carolina, Curtiss s.n. Rhynchospora oligantha sensu Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23:
(NY); Florida, Chapman s.n. (NY). 207. 1926, non A. Gray, 1835.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, eastern United States, Mexico, and Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and
Central America. southeastern United States.
References: 3, 147, 156. References: 2, 3, 28, 147, 149, 254.
Rhynchospora filifolia A. Gray var. pleiantha Kük. = Rhynchospora Rhynchospora gigantea Link, Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(3): 76. 1820. Type:
pleiantha (Kük.) Gale Brazil. Hoffmannsegg s.n. (Holotype: B-Willd. 1129).
Rhynchospora filiformis Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 232. 1805. Type: Puerto Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central
Rico. Ledrú s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl; probable Isotype: P). America, and South America.
Rhynchospora longispicata Boeckeler, Linnaea 37: 600. 1873. Lectotype: References: 2, 3, 28, 61, 332.
French Guiana. Sagot 1389 (BM; Isolectotype: K), designated by Rhynchospora glauca Vahl var. altior Kük. ex O.C. Schmidt =
Strong & Acevedo, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 347. 2005. Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale
Rhynchospora podosperma C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad.
Rhynchospora glauca Vahl = Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale
Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 87. 1871. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 3791
(Holotype: GH; Isotypes: NY, US). Rhynchospora globosa (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 89.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands 1817, var. globosa; Chaetospora globosa Kunth in F.W.H.A.
(St. Thomas), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp.
America. (quarto ed.) 1: 230. 1816, non Schoenus globosus Kunth, 1816.
References: 3, 28, 30, 61, 124, 156, 161, 254, 301, 332, 350. Type: Venezuela. Orinoco River near San Fernando de Atabapo,
Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype: P-HBK).
Rhynchospora florida Griseb. = Rhynchospora longiflora Presl.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and
Rhynchospora florida A. Dietr. var. nigra Griseb. = Rhynchospora South America.
corymbosa (L.) Britton References: 3, 147, 301, 332.
Rhynchospora floridensis (Britton) H. Pfeiff., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Rhynchospora globosa (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. var. tenuifolia León,
Veg. 49: 82. 1940; Dichromena floridensis Britton in J.K. Small, Fl. Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 8: 219. 1946.
S.E. U.S. 190. 1903. Type: United States. Florida, Dade Co., Coconut Type: Cuba. Isla de Pinos, León 18869 (Holotype: HAC).
Grove, Small & Nash 181 (Holotype: NY; Isotypes: F, NY, US). Rhynchospora cephalantha A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba,
Dichromena inaguensis Britton in N.L. Britton & C.F. Millspaugh, Bot. 11: 293. 1850, nom. illeg.
Bahama Fl. 53. 1920. Type: Bahamas. Little Inagua, Nash & Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Taylor 1254 (Holotype: NY; Isotypes: NY, US). References: 3, 149, 351.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, United States (FL), and Mexico.
Rhynchospora globularis (Chapm.) Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 184. 1933,
References: 45, 147, 149, 150, 156.
var. globularis; Rhynchospora cymosa Elliott ex Chapm. var.
Rhynchospora fuertesii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 98. globularis Chapm., Fl. South. U.S. 525. 1860. Type: United States.
1917; Rhynchospora aristata Boeckeler var. fuertesii (Urb.) Kük., Florida, Chapman s.n. (Holotype: NY; Isotype: NY).
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 205. 1926. Type: Dominican Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, southeastern United States, and
Republic. Vicinity of Rincon, Fuertes 1375 (Holotype: B †; Central America.
Isotypes: NY, US). References: 2, 3, 147, 156.
Rhynchospora globularis (Chapm.) Small var. pinetorum (Britton &
References: 117, 149, 156.
Small) Gale, Rhodora 46: 248. 1944; Rhynchospora pinetorum
Rhynchospora fuscoides C.B. Clarke ex Britton, Trans. New York Britton & Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 183. 1933. Type: United States.
Acad. Sci. 11: 89. 1892; Rhynchospora distans (Michx.) Vahl
number 9 8 • 287
Florida, Charlotte Co., Punta Gorda, Small et al. 10912 Rhynchospora ignorata Boeckeler = Rhynchospora scirpoides (Torr.)
(Holotype: NY). Griseb.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, and southeastern United States. Rhynchospora intermedia (Chapm.) Britton, Trans. New York Acad.
References: 2, 3, 147, 156. Sci. 11: 87. 1892; Rhynchospora plumosa Elliott var. intermedia
Rhynchospora globularis (Chapm.) Small var. recognita Gale = Chapm., Fl. South. U.S. 524. 1860. Type: United States. Florida.
Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral Chapman s.n. (Holotype: probably at NY).
Rhynchospora pineticola C.B. Clarke, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, Addit.
Rhynchospora globularis sensu T. Koyama = Rhynchospora recognita
Ser. 8: 40. 1908.
(Gale) Kral
Rhynchospora gracilenta sensu C.B. Clarke = Rhynchospora Reference: 147.
leptorhyncha C. Wright
Rhynchospora intermixta C. Wright = Rhynchospora pusilla Chapm. ex
Rhynchospora gracilis Vahl = Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale M.A. Curtis
Rhynchospora gracillima C. Wright = Rhynchospora wrightiana Rhynchospora inundata sensu C.D. Adams = Rhynchospora careyana
Boeckeler Fernald
Rhynchospora grayi Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 539. 1837. Lectotype: United Rhynchospora jamaicensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41:
States. Georgia, Baldwin s.n. (NY), designated by Gale, Rhodora 1. 1914. Type: Jamaica. Hardware Gap, N.L. Britton 3322
46: 231. 1944. (Holotype: NY).
Distribution: Native to Cuba and southeastern United States. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
References: 3, 150. and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Lucia).
Rhynchospora grisebachii Boeckeler ex C.B. Clarke = Rhynchospora References: 2, 28, 61, 254.
hispidula Griseb. Rhynchospora jelskiana Boeckeler = Rhynchospora ciliata (G. Mey.)
Rhynchospora hirsuta sensu Griseb. = Rhynchospora ciliata (G. Mey.) Kük.
Kük. Rhynchospora joveroensis Britton, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe
Rhynchospora hirsuta (Vahl) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 231. 1805; Schoenus Poey” 2: 195. 1916. Type: Cuba. Pinar del Rio, Shafer 10992
hirsutus Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 6. 1797 [“1796”]. Type: South (Holotype: NY; Isotype: US).
America. Rohr s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl). Rhynchospora longifrons Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 209.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Trinidad, Mexico, Central 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Pinar del Rio-City, Ekman 17868 (B †);
America, and South America. Laguna El Punto, Ekman 18263 (B †); Pinar del Rio, La Grifa,
References: 3, 147, 254, 301, 332. Ekman 11256 (B †); Laguna Santa Maria, Ekman 17263 (B †);
Laguna el Perro, Ekman 18123 (B †).
Rhynchospora hispidula Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 245. 1866; Rhynchospora longifrons Kük. var. breviseta Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Rhynchospora grisebachii Boeckeler ex C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Regni Veg. 23: 209. 1926; Rhynchospora joveroensis Britton
Symb. Antill. 2: 166. 1900, nom. illeg. Type: Cuba. Pinales var. breviseta (Kük.) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 108. 1950. Type:
Nueltalajo, C. Wright 3401 (Holotype: GOET; Isotype: GH). Cuba. Pinar del Rio, San Julian, Ekman 11149 (Holotype: B †).
References: 3, 30, 39, 124, 147. References: 3, 39, 117, 147, 149, 487.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39). Cuba (39).
Rhynchospora hispidula (Vahl) Boeckeler = Rhynchospora divaricata Rhynchospora joveroensis Britton var. breviseta Kük. = Rhynchospora
(Ham.) M.T. Strong joveroensis Britton
Rhynchospora holoschoenoides (Rich.) Herter, Revista Sudamer. Bot. Rhynchospora joveroensis Britton var. gageri (Britton) Kük. =
9: 157. 1953; Schoenus holoschoenoides Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Rhynchospora gageri Britton
Nat. Paris 1: 106. 1792. Type: French Guiana. LeBlonde s.n.
(Holotype: P). Rhynchospora juncellus C.B. Clarke = Rhynchospora tenuis Link
Rhynchospora cyperoides Mart., Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. subsp. tenuis
München 6: 149. 1817 and Britton, Trans. New York Acad. Sci. Rhynchospora lamprosperma C. Wright = Rhynchospora divergens
11: 84. 1892; Schoenus cyperoides Sw., Prodr. 19. 1788, nom. Chapm. ex M.A. Curtis
illeg. Type: Jamaica. Swartz s.n. (Holotype: S-Sw.).
Rhynchospora leptorhyncha C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad.
Rhynchospora cyperoides Mart. var. triquetrifolia Kük., Bot. Jahrb.
Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 84. 1871. Type: Cuba. Vuelta de Abajo,
Syst. 74: 435. 1949. Syntypes: Cuba. Pinar del Rio, Remates,
C. Wright 3784 (Holotype: GH; Isotypes: NY, US).
Laguna Herradura, Ekman 11208, 11378 (B †; Isosyntype: US);
Rhynchospora gracilenta sensu C.B. Clarke, non A. Gray, Symb. Antill.
Honduras. All Pines, Schipp 790 (B †); Brazil. Bahia, von Wied (B
2: 124. 1900.
†); Mauritius (B-Willd. 1107).
Rhynchospora leptorhyncha C. Wright var. laevirostris Kük., Repert.
Rhynchospora polycephala (Nees) Wydler ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 291.
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 209. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Isla de
1837; Cephaloschoenus polycephalus Nees, Linnaea 9: 296. 1834.
Pinos, Ekman 12187 (B †); Pinar del Rio-City, Ekman 17804,
Type: Puerto Rico. Wydler 364 (Holotype: probably at G).
18252 (B †).
Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia),
References: 3, 147, 329, 350.
Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, South America, and Africa.
Common Name: Pajoncillo (Dominican Republic). Rhynchospora leucocephala (Michx.) Boeckeler = Rhynchospora
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 117, 147, 301, 332. colorata (L.) H. Pfeiff.
Rhynchospora lindeniana Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 244. 1866. Type: illeg. Syntypes: Cuba. Oriente, Sierra de Nipe, Ekman 13082 (B †);
Cuba. Linden 1945 (Holotype: GOET; Isotype: GH). Río Piedra, Ekman 1846 (B †; Isosyntypes: S, US).
Rhynchospora bahamensis Britton, Torreya 13: 217. 1913; Rhynchospora Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
lindeniana Griseb. var. bahamensis (Britton) Gale, Rhodora 46: 223. References: 3, 117, 147, 149.
1944. Type: Bahamas. N.L. Britton & Brace 588 (Holotype: NY). Rhynchospora mexicana (Liebm.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 144.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto 1855; Haplostylis mexicana Liebm., Mexic. Halvgr. 61. 1850.
Rico, and Mexico. Type: Mexico. Oaxaca, Liebmann s.n. (Holotype: C; Isotype: C-2).
References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 45, 61, 124, 147, 149. Rhynchospora buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 169. 1912. Type: Haiti. St.
Rhynchospora lindeniana Griseb. var. bahamensis (Britton) Gale = Michel, Ebene Savanna, Buch 1047 (Holotype: B).
Rhynchospora lindeniana Griseb. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America, and
South America.
Rhynchospora lindeniana Griseb. var. depressa Kük. = Rhynchospora
References: 5, 30, 147, 254.
depressa (Kük.) Gale
Rhynchospora mexicana C. Wright = Rhynchospora velutina (Kunth)
Rhynchospora lingulata Kük. = Rhynchospora shaferi Britton
Boeckeler
Rhynchospora longiflora C. Presl, Symb. Bot. 1: 41. 1831. Type:
Rhynchospora micrantha Vahl = Rhynchospora rariflora (Michx.) Elliott
Martinique. Sieber s.n. (Holotype: probably at PR or AWH).
Rhynchospora cruegeriana Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 2: 26. 1890; Rhynchospora microcarpa Baldwin ex A. Gray, Ann. Lyceum Nat.
Rhynchospora aristata Boeckeler var. cruegeriana (Boeckeler) Hist. New York 3: 202. 1836. Lectotype: United States. North
Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 205. 1926. Type: Carolina. Curtiss s.n. (NY), designated by W.W. Thomas, Brittonia
Trinidad. Crueger s.n. (Holotype: B †). 44: 33. 1992.
Rhynchospora corymbifera Nees var. subcostata C.B. Clarke in Rhynchospora microcarpa Baldwin ex A. Gray var. remotiflora Kük.,
I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 113. 1900; Rhynchospora longiflora Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 210. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba.
C. Presl var. subcostata (C.B. Clarke) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 74: Pinar del Rio, Herradura, Ekman 10756 (B †); Mendoza, Ekman
396. 1949. Type: Jamaica. Domina March, Purdie s.n. (Holotype: 18764 (B †).
probably at CGE or K). Rhynchospora torreyana A. Gray var. microrhyncha Griseb., Cat. Pl.
Rhynchospora florida Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 575. 1864, nom. illeg. Cub. 243. 1866. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 1865 (Holotype: GOET).
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and
Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, and Mexico. southeastern United States.
References: 1, 2, 30, 117, 147, 301. Common Name: Small-fruited beak-rush (Bahamas).
References: 3, 28, 30, 45, 117, 124, 147, 254.
Rhynchospora longiflora C. Presl var. domingensis (Urb.) Kük. =
Rhynchospora domingensis Urb. Rhynchospora microcarpa Baldwin ex A. Gray var. perplexa (Britton ex
Small) Kük. = Rhynchospora perplexa Britton ex Small
Rhynchospora longiflora C. Presl var. subcostata (C.B. Clarke) Kük. =
Rhynchospora longiflora C. Presl Rhynchospora microcarpa Baldwin ex A. Gray var. remotiflora Kük. =
Rhynchospora microcarpa Baldwin ex A. Gray
Rhynchospora longifrons Kük. = Rhynchospora joveroensis Britton
Rhynchospora microcephala (Britton) Britton in J.K. Small, Fl. S.E.
Rhynchospora longifrons Kük. var. breviseta Kük. = Rhynchospora
U.S. 195. 1903; Rhynchospora axillaris (Lam.) Britton var.
joveroensis Britton
microcephala Britton, Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 11: 89. 1892;
Rhynchospora longifrons Kük. var. reducta Kük. = Rhynchospora Rhynchospora cephalantha A. Gray var. microcephala (Britton)
gageri Britton Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 101. 1950. Type: United States. New
Rhynchospora longispicata Boeckeler = Rhynchospora filiformis Vahl Jersey, Monmouth Co., Knieskern s.n. (Holotype: NY).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, and eastern United States.
Rhynchospora lunata Griseb. = Rhynchospora diodon (Nees) Griseb. References: 2, 3, 147, 149, 150.
Rhynchospora luquillensis Britton = Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl Rhynchospora miliacea (Lam.) A. Gray, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New
Rhynchospora marisculus Nees ex Lindl. & Nees in C.F.P. von Martius, York 3: 198. 1836; Schoenus miliaceus Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 137.
Fl. Bras. 2(1): 142. 1842. Lectotype: Brazil. Rio de Janeiro, 1791. Type: United States. E. Carolina, Fraser s.n. (Holotype: P).
Martius 3193 (M), designated by T. Koyama, Mem. New York Schoenus sparsus Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 35. 1803; Rhynchospora
Bot. Gard. 23: 56. 1972. sparsa (Michx.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 230. 1805. Type: United States.
Rhynchospora borinquensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: Carolina, Michaux s.n. (Holotype: P; Isotype: P-2).
387. 1915. Type: Puerto Rico. Sierra de Naguabo, Shafer 3515 Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and southeastern
(Holotype: NY; Isotype: US). United States.
Rhynchospora tenuiseta C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. References: 2, 3, 5, 30, 61, 147, 150, 254.
Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 83. 1871. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 3780 Rhynchospora minutiflora C.D. Adams = Rhynchospora contracta
(Holotype: GH; Isotypes: NY, US). (Nees) J. Raynal
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, St. Lucia), Margarita, Mexico, Central Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk
America, and South America. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869: 143. 1869; Dichromena
References: 1, 2, 3, 28, 61, 254, 323, 332, 350. nervosa Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 241. 1805. Type: South America. von
Rohr s.n. (Holotype: C).
Rhynchospora marisculus sensu Britton & Millsp. = Rhynchospora Dichromena ciliata Vahl var. vahliana C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb.
odorata C. Wright ex Griseb. Antill. 2: 101. 1900. Syntypes: Cuba. C. Wright 3797 (GH);
Rhynchospora mayarensis León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio Guadeloupe. Bertero s.n. (B †)
“De La Salle” 8: 223. 1946; nom. nov. for Rhynchospora subnipensis Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Margarita,
Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 193. 1950, nom. illeg.; Rhynchospora Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
nipensis Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni. Veg. 23: 207. 1926, nom. References: 2, 30, 147, 254, 301, 323, 332, 342.
number 9 8 • 289
Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler subsp. ciliata T. Koyama = Rhynchospora penniseta Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 244. 1866. Type:
Rhynchospora ciliata (G. Mey.) Kük. Cuba. Pinales Los Almacigas, C. Wright 3398 (Holotype: GOET;
Isotypes: GH, NY).
Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler var. cinnamomea (Kük.) Kük.
= Rhynchospora ciliata (G. Mey.) Kük.
Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler var. jelskiana (Boeckeler) Kük.
Rhynchospora perplexa Britton ex Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 197. 1903;
= Rhynchospora ciliata (G. Mey.) Kük.
Rhynchospora microcarpa Baldwin ex A. Gray var. perplexa
Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler var. subfiliformis (H. Pfeiff.) (Britton ex Small) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 133. 1950. Type:
Kük. = Rhynchospora berteroi (Spreng.) C.B. Clarke United States. Florida, Chapman s.n. (Holotype: NY; Isotype: NY).
Rhynchospora nipensis Britton, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and SE
“Felipe Poey” 2: 198. 1916. Type: Cuba. Oriente, Sierra de United States.
Nipe, between Piedra Gorda and Woodfred, Shafer 3103 Common Name: Small-fruit beak-rush (Bahamas).
(Holotype: NY). References: 2, 3, 45, 147, 150, 254.
Rhynchospora fibrillosa Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni. Veg. 23: 212. Rhynchospora persooniana (Nees) Griseb. = Rhynchospora ciliata
1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Oriente, Sierra de Nipe, Ekman 15173 (G. Mey.) Kük.
(B †; Isosyntypes: NY, S); Rio Piloto, Ekman 2344 (B †), 6008 (B;
Rhynchospora pineticola C.B. Clarke = Rhynchospora intermedia
Isosyntype: S), 19147 (B †).
(Chapm.) Britton
References: 3, 147, 320, 329, 487. Rhynchospora pinetorum Britton & Small = Rhynchospora globularis
(Chapm.) Small var. pinetorum (Britton & Small) Gale
Rhynchospora nitens (Vahl) A. Gray, Manual, ed. 5, 568. 1867; Scirpus
nitens Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 272. 1805; Psilocarya nitens (Vahl) A.W. Rhynchospora pleiantha (Kük.) Gale, Rhodora 46: 171. 1944;
Wood, Amer. Bot. Fl. 364. 1870. Type: United States. Carolina, Rhynchospora filifolia A. Gray var. pleiantha Kük., Repert. Spec.
Bosc s.n. (Holotype: probably at C-Vahl). Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 208. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Pinar del Rio,
Rhynchospora portoricensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 387. Laguna Sta. Maria, Ekman 17242a (NY), 17242b (B).
1915. Type: Puerto Rico. Laguna Tortuguero, N.L. Britton et al. Distribution: Native to Cuba and southeastern United States.
3850 (Holotype; NY). References: 117, 147, 254, 329.
Rhynchospora nitens (Vahl) A. Gray var. hispaniolica Kük. ex O.C. Rhynchospora plumosa Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1(1): 58.
Schmidt, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32: 76. 1933. Type: 1816. Type: United States. Florida, Baldwin s.n. (Holotype: PH;
Dominican Republic. Puerto Plata, Cordillera Septentrional, Sosúa, Isotype: NY).
at Cabarete, Ekman 14559 (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: NY, S). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, southeastern United States,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, eastern United and Central America.
States, Central America, and South America (Guyana). References: 3, 28, 124, 147, 149, 254.
References: 3, 28, 61, 147, 149, 254, 332.
Rhynchospora plumosa Elliott var. intermedia Chapm. = Rhynchospora
Rhynchospora nuda Gale, Rhodora 46: 167. 1944; Rhynchospora intermedia (Chapm.) Britton
chapmanii M.A. Curtis var. nuda (Gale) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75:
117. 1950. Rhynchospora podosperma C. Wright = Rhynchospora filiformis Vahl
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Type: Cuba. Isla de Pinos, Los Indios, Rhynchospora polycephala (Nees) Wydler ex Kunth = Rhynchospora
N.L. Britton et al. 15809 (Holotype: NY). holoschoenoides (Rich.) Herter
References: 3, 39, 149, 254.
Rhynchospora polyphylla (Vahl) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 230. 1805;
Schoenus polyphyllus Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 5. 1798. Type:
Cuba (39).
Montserrat. Ryan s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl, microfiche US ex C).
Rhynchospora odorata C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 242. 1866. Rhynchospora polyphylla (Vahl) Vahl var. brunnescens Kük., Repert.
Lectotype: Cuba. C. Wright 3787 (US; Isolectotypes: GH, NY), Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 204. 1926. Syntypes: Jamaica.
designated by Strong & Acevedo, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 353. Cinchona, Harris 9502 (B †); Hardware Gap, Harris 10907 (B †).
2005. Rhynchospora polyphylla (Vahl) Vahl var. contracta Kük., Repert. Spec.
Rhynchospora marisculus sensu Britton & Millsp. in N.L. Britton & Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 204. 1926. Type: Lesser Antilles. St. Kitts,
P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 105. 1923, N.L. Britton & Cowell 561 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: NY).
non Nees ex Lindl. & Nees. Rhynchospora pyramidata Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 15.
Rhynchospora stipitata Chapm., Fl. South. U.S., ed. 2, Suppl. 1: 660. 1825. Type: Jamaica. Coll. ign. (Holotype: P-Desv.).
1883. Type: United States. Florida. Chapman s.n. (Holotype: Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
probably at NY). Grenada, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia),
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
southeastern United States. References: 1, 2, 3, 30, 117, 301, 329.
References: 2, 3, 28, 30, 45, 61, 124, 147.
Rhynchospora polyphylla (Vahl) Vahl var. brunnescens Kük. =
Rhynchospora oligantha sensu Kük. = Rhynchospora galeana Naczi, Rhynchospora polyphylla (Vahl) Vahl
W.M. Knapp, & Gerry Moore
Rhynchospora polyphylla (Vahl) Vahl var. contracta Kük. =
Rhynchospora oligantha A. Gray var. breviseta Gale = Rhynchospora Rhynchospora polyphylla (Vahl) Vahl
galeana Naczi, W.M. Knapp, & Gerry Moore
Rhynchospora prenteloupiana Boeckeler = Rhynchospora tenuifolia
Rhynchospora oxycephala C. Wright = Rhynchospora eximia (Nees) Griseb.
Boeckeler
Rhynchospora pruinosa Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 535. 1862. Type: Cuba.
Rhynchospora pallida sensu C.B. Clarke = Rhynchospora wrightiana Monte Verde, C. Wright 1532 (Holotype: GOET; Isotypes: GH,
Boeckeler MO, NY).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Rhynchospora racemosa C. Wright var. setifera Kük. = Rhynchospora
References: 3, 149, 152. racemosa C. Wright
Rhynchospora pruinosa Griseb. var. laevifolia (Gale) Kük. = Rhynchospora radicans (Schltdl. & Cham.) H. Pfeiff. subsp.
Rhynchospora scabrata Griseb. var. laevifolia Gale microcephala (Bertero ex Spreng.) W.W. Thomas, Mem. New
York Bot. Gard. 37: 60. 1984; Dichromena microcephala Bertero
Rhynchospora pruinosa Griseb. var. randii (Britton) Kük. =
ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 202. 1824 [“1825”]. Type:
Rhynchospora scabrata Griseb. var. scabrata
Jamaica. Bertero s.n. (Holotype: TO; Isotype: MO).
Rhynchospora pseudolunata Boeckeler = Rhynchospora tenuis Link Dichromena radicans sensu Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 121. 1903; and sensu
subsp. tenuis Britton & P. Wilson, Bot. Porto Rico 5: 99. 1923, non Schltdl. &
Rhynchospora psilocaryoides Griseb. = Rhynchospora eximia (Nees) Cham. 1831.
Boeckeler Rhynchospora pubera (Vahl) Boeckeler var. microcarpa Boeckeler,
Linnaea 37: 529. 1872. Lectotype: Trinidad. Sieber 3 (MO;
Rhynchospora pterocarpa (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. = Rhynchospora Isolectotype: M), designated by W.W. Thomas, Mem. New York
barbata (Vahl) Kunth Bot. Gard. 37: 60. 1984.
Rhynchospora pubera (Vahl) Boeckeler var. microcarpa Boeckeler Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
= Rhynchospora radicans (Schltdl. & Cham.) H. Pfeiff. subsp. Islands (St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
microcephala (Bertero ex Spreng.) W.W. Thomas Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad,
Mexico, Central America, Hawaii, and South America.
Rhynchospora pura (Nees) Griseb. = Rhynchospora ciliata (G. Mey.)
References: 1, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 254, 301, 332, 342.
Kük.
Rhynchospora radicans (Schltdl. & Cham.) H. Pfeiff. var. watsonii
Rhynchospora pusilla Chapm. ex M.A. Curtis, Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser.
(Britton) Kük. = Rhynchospora watsonii (Britton) Davidse
2, 7: 409. 1849. Type: United States. Florida, Chapman 4473
(Holotype: NY). Rhynchospora randii Britton = Rhynchospora scabrata Griseb. var.
Rhynchospora bruneri Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. scabrata
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 103. 1923. Type: Puerto Rico. Rhynchospora rariflora (Michx.) Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1(1):
Luquillo Mountains, N.L. Britton & Bruner 7630 (Holotype: NY; 58. 1816; Schoenus rariflorus Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 35. 1803;
Isotypes: G, UPR, US). Rhynchospora micrantha Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 231. 1805, nom.
Rhynchospora intermixta C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. superfl.; Dichromena micrantha (Vahl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 278.
Méd. Habana 8: 88. 1871. Type: Cuba. Pinar de Rio, C. Wright 1837. Type: United States. Georgia, Michaux s.n. (Holotype: P;
3794 (Holotype: GH; probable Isotypes: MA, NY-2). Isotype fragment: NY).
Rhynchospora pusilla (Sw.) Griseb. var. ferruginescens Kük., Repert. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 207. 1926. Syntypes: Haiti. Mirbelais, Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada), southeastern United
Ekman 2275 (B †); Ile La Tortue, Ekman 4226 (B †; Isosyntypes: States, and Central America.
S, US). References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 161, 254.
Margarita, southeastern United States, Mexico, and Central America. Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral, Novon 9: 205. 1999;
References: 2, 3, 28, 61, 147, 254, 323, 350. Rhynchospora globularis (Chapm.) Small var. recognita Gale,
Rhodora 46: 245. 1944. Type: United States. Virginia, Fernald &
Rhynchospora pusilla (Sw.) Griseb. = Rhynchospora berteroi (Spreng.) Long 6070 (Holotype: GH; Isotypes: P, PH, US).
C.B. Clarke Rhynchospora filiformis Sieber ex C. Presl, Isis (Oken) 21: 269. 1828,
Rhynchospora pusilla (Sw.) Griseb. var. ferruginescens Kük. = nom. illeg. Type: Martinique. Sieber 383 (Holotype: AWH;
Rhynchospora pusilla Chapm. ex M.A. Curtis Isotype: P).
Rhynchospora cymosa sensu Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 124. 1903, and
Rhynchospora pyramidata Desv. ex Ham. = Rhynchospora polyphylla
many authors thereafter, non (Willd.) Muhl. ex Elliott, 1816.
(Vahl) Vahl
Rhynchospora globularis sensu T. Koyama in R.A. Howard, Fl. Lesser
Rhynchospora racemosa C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Antilles 3: 297. 1979, non (Chapm.) Small
Méd. Habana 8: 86. 1871. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 727 (Holotype: Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
probably at GOET; Isotypes: GH, K-2, S, US). Antilles, southeastern United States, Mexico, and Central America.
Rhynchospora polyphylla sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 246. 1866, non References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 149, 254.
(Vahl) Vahl, 1805.
Rhynchospora rufa (Nees) Boeckeler = Rhynchospora velutina (Kunth)
Rhynchospora polyphylla (Vahl) Vahl f. umbrosa Boeckeler, Linnaea
Boeckeler
37: 636. 1873; Schoenus gracilis Sw., Prodr. 19. 1788. Type:
Jamaica. Swartz s.n. (Holotype: S-Sw.; Isotype: B-Willd. 1139). Rhynchospora rufa (Nees) Boeckeler var. liebmanniana C.B. Clarke =
Rhynchospora racemosa C. Wright ex Sauvalle var. setifera Kük., Repert. Rhynchospora velutina (Kunth) Boeckeler
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 203. 1926. Type: Haiti. Massif du Nord, Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale, Rhodora 46: 275. 1944; Schoenus
Morne Belanse, Ekman 4909 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: US). rugosus Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 5. 1798; Rhynchospora glauca Vahl,
Rhynchospora racemosa C. Wright ex Sauvalle f. setifolia Kük., Repert. Enum. Pl. 2: 233. 1805, nom. illeg. Type: South America. Boca
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 203. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Oriente, Chica no. 27, von Rohr s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl).
Ekman 2015 (B †); Sierra de Nipe, Ekman 3208 (B †). Rhynchospora glauca Vahl var. altior Kük. ex O.C. Schmidt, Repert.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32: 77. 1933. Type: Dominican Republic.
Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe). Prov. de Samaná, Sabana de la Mar, El Valle, Ekman 15675
References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 117, 147, 254, 329. (Holotype: B †; Isotype: US).
Rhynchospora racemosa C. Wright f. setifolia Kük. = Rhynchospora Rhynchospora gracilis Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 234. 1805. Type: Jamaica.
racemosa C. Wright Swartz s.n. (Holotype: S-Sw.).
number 9 8 • 291
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Rhynchospora lingulata Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 211.
Antilles (Dominica, Nevis), Margarita, Trinidad, Mexico, Central 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Oriente, Sierra de Nipe, Ekman 2172 (B †;
America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Malesia, and Isosyntypes: NY, S, US); Rio Piedra, Ekman 10010, 19107 (B †;
Pacific Region. Isosyntype: S); Ekman 3084 (B †); Loma Mensura, Ekman 9113
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 117, 119, 152, 301, 323, 332. (B †); Arroyo Machete, Ekman 15121 (B †).
Rhynchospora scabrata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 243. 1866, var. scabrata.
References: 3, 147, 149, 487.
Type: Cuba. Pinal of Monte Libans, C. Wright 3391 (Holotype:
GOET; Isotypes: GH, NY, US). Rhynchospora siguaneana Britton, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat.
Rhynchospora randii Britton, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” “Felipe Poey” 2: 191. 1916. Type: Cuba. Isla de Pinos, vicinity
2: 198. 1916; Rhynchospora pruinosa Griseb. var. randii (Britton) of Siguanéa, N.L. Britton & P. Wilson 14356 (Holotype: NY;
Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 162. 1950. Type: Cuba. Oriente, Sierra Isotype: HAC).
de Nipe, Woodfred, Shafer 3077 (Holotype: NY). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 3, 39, 149, 320, 487.
References: 3, 117, 124, 147, 149, 487. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Rhynchospora scabrata Griseb. var. laevifolia Gale, Rhodora 46: 222.
1944; Rhynchospora pruinosa Griseb. var. laevifolia (Gale) Kük., Rhynchospora simplex (Kük.) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 74: 441. 1949;
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 163. 1950. Type: Cuba. Oriente, Sierra de Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth var. simplex Kük., Repert. Spec.
Nipe, along trail from Piedra Gorda to Woodfred, Shafer 3098 Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 201. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. C. Wright
(Holotype: NY). 719 (B †; Isosyntype: NY); Pinal de Santa Anna, Eggers 5007
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (B †); Oriente, Sierra de Cristal, Ekman 6866 (B †); Baracoa,
References: 3, 117, 149, 156. Ekman3604 (B †; Isosyntype: NY); Guantanamo, Monte Libanon,
Ekman 10251 (B †).
Rhynchospora schmidtii Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23:
Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth var. simplex Kük. f. angusta Kük., Ark.
202. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Pinar del Rio, Ekman 11597 (B †;
Bot. 22A(17): 8. 1929; Rhynchospora simplex Kük. var. β angusta
Isosyntypes: S, US), 17739 (B †; Isosyntype: NY, S); La Coloma,
(Kük.) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 74: 441. 1949. Type: Haiti. Massif
Ekman 17843 (B †; Isosyntype: S); Pinar del Rio-City, Ekman
de la Hotte, Jérémie, Ekman 10352 (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: NY,
17914 (B †; Isosyntype: S).
US).
References: 5, 329.
Rhynchospora scirpoides (Torr.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 247. 1866;
Rhynchospora simplex (Kük.) Kük. var. angusta Kük. = Rhynchospora
Psilocarya scirpoides Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3:
exaltata Kunth
360. 1836. Type: United States. Rhode Island, New Providence
Pond, Green s.n. (Holotype: NY). Rhynchospora sola Gale, Rhodora 46: 162. 1944. Type: Cuba.
Rhynchospora corymbifera (C. Wright) Kük. var. pseudeximia Kük., C. Wright 3397 (Holotype: GH, sheet labeled ‘A’)
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 206. 1926. Type: Cuba. Isla de Distribution: Native to Cuba and Yucatan.
Pinos, Ekman 12433 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: S). References: 3, 149, 329.
Rhynchospora ignorata Boeckeler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 5: 508. 1884; Rhynchospora sparsa (Michx.) Vahl = Rhynchospora miliacea (Lam.)
Scirpus corymbiferus C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. A. Gray
Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 80. 1871; Psilocarya corymbifera (C.
Wright) Benth., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 15: 25. 1883; Rhynchospora Rhynchospora spermodon Griseb. = Rhynchospora tenerrima Nees ex
corymbifera (C. Wright) Britton, Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 11: Spreng.
86. 1892, nom. illeg., non Nees, 1843; Rhynchospora corymbifera Rhynchospora squamulosa Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23:
(C. Wright) Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 205. 1926, 201. 1926. Type: Cuba. Isla de Pinos, Ekman 12429 (Holotype: B
nom. illeg., non Nees, 1843. Type: Cuba, Pinar del Rio, C. Wright †; Isotype: S).
3774 (Holotype: GH; Isotypes: NY, US). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and eastern United States. References: 3, 39, 149, 329.
References: 3, 30, 117, 124, 147, 150, 350. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Rhynchospora scutellata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 246. 1866. Type: Cuba. Cuba (39).
C. Wright 3406 (Holotype: GOET; Isotypes: GH, MO, NY, US). Rhynchospora stellata (Lam.) Griseb. = Rhynchospora colorata (L.)
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and South America. H. Pfeiff.
Rhynchospora stellata (Lam.) Griseb. f. intercedens Kük. =
Rhynchospora seslerioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 247. 1866; Rhynchospora colorata (L.) H. Pfeiff.
Dichromena seslerioides (Griseb.) Benth. ex C.B. Clarke in I.
Rhynchospora stenophylla Chapm. var. albescens Kük. = Rhynchospora
Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 100. 1900. Type: Cuba. Pinales, C. Wright
tenuifolia Griseb.
3415 (Holotype: GOET; Isotypes: G-2, GH, NY, US-2).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Rhynchospora stenophylloidea (Kük.) Gale, Rhodora 46: 226. 1944;
References: 3, 30, 124. Rhynchospora cubensis A. Rich. var. stenophylloidea Kük.,
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32: 78. 1933. Type: Dominican
Rhynchospora setacea (P.J. Bergius) Boeckeler = Rhynchospora
Republic. Samaná, slope of Pan de Azucar, Ekman 14873
tenerrima Nees ex Spreng.
Rhynchospora shaferi Britton, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Poey” 2: 197. 1916. Type: Cuba. Loma Mensura, Shafer 3797 References: 149, 254.
(Holotype: NY; Isotype: US).
Rhynchospora stenorhyncha Griseb. = Rhynchospora triflora Vahl
Rhynchospora stipitata Chapm. = Rhynchospora odorata C. Wright ex Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Griseb. Martinique, St. Lucia), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, South
America, and Hawaii.
Rhynchospora subfiliformis H. Pfeiff. = Rhynchospora berteroi
Common Names: Slender beak-rush (Bahamas), Espartillo de cuabal,
(Spreng.) C.B. Clarke
Espartillo (Cuba).
Rhynchospora subimberbis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 245. 1866. Type: References: 1, 3, 30, 45, 61, 117, 147, 301, 332.
Cuba. Pinales Los Almacigas, C. Wright 3402 (Holotype: GOET;
Rhynchospora tenuis Link var. antillana Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Isotypes: GH, HAC, US).
Veg. 23: 206. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Prov. Matanzas, Jagüey Grande,
Ekman 16973 (B †; Isosyntype: NY); Prov. Oriente, El Cobre,
References: 3, 39, 124, 149, 320.
Ekman 7891 (B †; Isosyntype: US); Sierra de Nipe, Ekman 2132 (B †;
Isosyntype: NY); Isla de Pinos, Nueva Gerona, Ekman 12521 (B †).
Cuba (39).
Rhynchospora subnipensis Kük. = Rhynchospora mayarensis León References: 117, 149, 254.
Rhynchospora subsetigera H. Pfeiff., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 49: Rhynchospora tenuis Link var. brevinux Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov.
81. 1940; Dichromena grisebachii C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Regni Veg. 23: 207. 1926. Syntypes: Martinique. Duss 693, 4114,
Antill. 2: 102. 1900, non Rhynchospora grisebachii Boeckeler 4519, 4716 (B †); St. Kitts, N.L. Britton & Cowell 564 (B †).
ex Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 166. 1900. Lectotype: Cuba. C. Wright Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Kitts).
3385 (GH; Isolectotypes: G-2, MO, NY), designated by W.W. References: 117, 149, 254.
Thomas, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 37: 56. 1984.
Rhynchospora tenuis Link var. prorepens Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Regni Veg. 23: 206. 1926. Syntypes: Cuba. Pinar del Rio, Ekman
17744 (B †; Isosyntype: US); Pinar del Rio-City, Ekman 17814
Rhynchospora tenerrima Nees ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 4: 26. (B †; Isosyntype: NY).
1827. Type: West Indies. Kohaut s.n., distributed as F. Sieber Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
agrost. no 116 (Holotype: AWH). References: 117, 149, 254.
Rhynchospora setacea (P.J. Bergius) Boeckeler, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk
Rhynchospora tenuis Link var. pseudolunata (Boeckeler) Kük. =
Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869: 159. 1869; Schoenus setaceus
Rhynchospora tenuis Link subsp. tenuis
P.J. Bergius, Acta Helv. Phys.-Math. 7: 130. 1772. Type: Suriname.
Rolander s.n. (Holotype: C-Rottb.). Rhynchospora tenuiseta C. Wright = Rhynchospora marisculus Lindl.
Rhynchospora spermodon Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 576. 1864. Type: & Nees
Jamaica. Wullschlaegel s.n. (Holotype: GOET). Rhynchospora torreyana A. Gray var. microrhyncha Griseb. =
Scleria setacea Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 7: 4. 1806. Type: Rhynchospora microcarpa Baldwin ex A. Gray
Puerto Rico. Ledrú s.n. (Holotype: P; Isotype: P).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Rhynchospora tracyi Britton, Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 11: 84. 1892;
Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Ceratoschoenus capitatus Chapm., Fl. South. U.S. 529. 1860, non
Montserrat, Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico, Rhynchospora capitata (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 88.
Central America, South America, and Africa. 1817. Type: United States. Florida, Franklin Co., Apalachicola,
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 254, 301, 332. Chapman s.n. (Holotype: NY; Isotype: NY).
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and southeastern
Rhynchospora tenuifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 244. 1866. Syntypes: United States.
Cuba. C. Wright 3392 (GOET), 3393 (GH, NY). References: 3, 45, 147, 150, 254.
Rhynchospora prenteloupiana Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 26. 1888.
Type: Dominican Republic. San Domingo, Prenteloup 334 Rhynchospora trichodes C.B. Clarke = Rhynchospora divaricata (Desv.
(Holotype: B †). ex Ham.) M.T. Strong
Rhynchospora stenophylla Chapm. var. albescens Kük., Repert. Spec. Rhynchospora triflora Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 232. 1805. Type: India. Coll.
Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 211. 1926; Rhynchospora tenuifolia Griseb. ign. (Holotype: C-Vahl).
var. albescens (Kük.) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 154. 1950. Type: Rhynchospora stenorhyncha Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 575. 1864. Type:
Cuba. Santa Clara, Ekman 16869 (Holotype: B †). Trinidad. Purdie 26 (Holotype: BM; Isotype: K).
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
Hispaniola. America, South America, Africa, and Old World tropics.
References: 3, 5, 30, 124, 147, 329. References: 3, 30, 147, 254, 301, 332.
Rhynchospora tenuis Link Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(3): 76. 1820, subsp. Rhynchospora trispicata (Nees) Schrad. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac.
tenuis. Type: Brazil. Humboldt s.n. (Holotype: B-Willd. 1135, fol. 1). 2: 145. 1855; Ephippiorhynchium trispicatum Nees in C.F.P. von
Rhynchospora cubensis (Poepp. & Kunth) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 576. Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(1): 136. 1842. Type: Brazil. Piauí, Martius
1864, nom. illeg.; Dichromena cubensis Poepp. & Kunth in 3232 (Holotype: M; Isotypes: B, SI).
C.S. Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 281. 1837. Type: Cuba. Poeppig s.n. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
(Holotype: B †). References: 3, 332.
Rhynchospora juncellus C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2:
Rhynchospora umbraticola Poepp. & Kunth var. broadwayi Kük. =
117. 1900. Syntypes: Lesser Antilles. St. Kitts, Masson s.n. (K);
Rhynchospora comata (Link) Roem. & Schult.
Guadeloupe, l’Herminier 6, 51 (K); Martinique, Hahn 375 (K).
Rhynchospora pseudolunata Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 25. 1888; Rhynchospora uniflora Boeckeler, Flora 63: 439. 1880. Type: Brazil.
Rhynchospora tenuis Link var. pseudolunata (Boeckeler) Kük., Rio de Janiero, Glaziou 9336 (Holotype: B †).
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 206. 1926. Type: Cuba. Rhynchospora ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 15. 1921; Rhynchospora
C. Wright 3408 (Holotype: GOET; Isotype: US). uniflora Boeckeler var. ekmanii (Urb.) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
number 9 8 • 293
74: 450. 1949. Type: Haiti. Morne de la Hotte, Ekman 541 Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 299. 1888;
(Holotype: B †; Isotype: S). Scirpus lacustris L., Sp. Pl. 48. 1753. Lectotype: Europe. (LINN
Rhynchospora elongata Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 26. 1888. Type: 71.15), designated by Kukkonen & Simpson in Cafferty & Jarvis
Puerto Rico. Sintenis 1360 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: S). (ed.), Taxon 53: 180. 2004.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Europe, Eurasia, and
South America. South Africa.
Rhynchospora vahliana Griseb. = Rhynchospora ciliata (G. Mey.) Kük. Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla subsp. validus (Vahl) T. Koyama =
Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) A. Löve & D. Löve
Rhynchospora velutina (Kunth) Boeckeler, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk
Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869: 149. 1869; Dichromena Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye, Blyttia 29: 145. 1971; Scirpus
velutina Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 282. 1837. Type: Brazil. Sello s.n. maritimus L., Sp. Pl. 51. 1753. Lectotype: Europe. Herb. Celsius
(Holotype: B †). 2: 212 (UPS), designated by G. Smith & Kukkonen in Taxon 48:
Rhynchospora rufa (Nees) Boeckeler, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk 356. 1999.
Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869: 149. 1869; Psilocarya rufa Scirpus paludosus A. Nelson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 5. 1899. Type:
Nees in Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(1): 117. 1842. Lectotype: Guyana. United States. Wyoming, Sweetwater Co., Granger, Nelson 3874
Schomburgk 667 (US; Isolectotypes: BM, G-2, K), designated by (Holotype: RM; Isotype: NY).
Strong & Acevedo, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 362. 2005. Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, Mexico, Central
Rhynchospora rufa (Nees) Boeckeler var. liebmanniana C.B. Clarke America, Europe, and Africa.
in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 117. 1900, nom. & stat. nov. for References: 3, 147, 149.
Rhynchospora mexicana C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 299. 1888;
Habana 8: 87. 1871. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 2683 (Holotype: Scirpus pungens Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 255. 1805. Type: Mascarene
probably at HABA or HAC; Isotypes: K, NY). Islands, Réunion, Commerson s.n. [locality data given in
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central America, protologue only] (Holotype: C-Vahl).
and South America. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, Mexico, Central
References: 3, 28, 30, 61, 147, 332. America, South America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand.
Rhynchospora watsonii (Britton) Davidse, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. References: 147, 254.
61: 529. 1974; Dichromena watsonii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong, Novon 3: 203. 1993;
Club 15: 101. 1888; Rhynchospora radicans (Schltdl. & Cham.) Scirpus robustus Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 56. 1813 [“1814”], based
H. Pfeiff. var. watsonii (Britton) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 311. on Scirpus maritimus β macrostachyus Michx., Fl. Ameri. 1: 32.
1951. Type: Guatemala. S. Watson 153 (Holotype: NY). 1803, non Scirpus macrostachyus Lam., 1791; Scirpus maritimus
Rhynchospora dussiana Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper., Heft 2: 40. 1890. L. var. robustus (Pursh) Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23:
Rhynchospora dussii Boeckeler ex Duss, Annal. Colon. Inst. 200. 1926; Bolboschoenus robustus (Pursh) Soják, cˇas. Nár. Mus.
Marselle 3: 553. 1896 [orthographic variant]. Type: Martinique. Odd. Prˇír. 141: 63. 1972. Lectotype: United States. Carolina, in salt
Duss 462 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: NY). marsh, Michaux s.n. (P-Michx.), designated by Schuyler ex Ewan,
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Martinique), Mexico, Central Introduction to reprint ed., Fl. Amer. Sept. p. 100. 1979.
America, and South America. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, North America, and South America.
Rhynchospora wrightiana Boeckeler, Flora 64: 78. 1881; Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) A. Löve & D. Löve, Bull. Torrey Bot.
Rhynchospora gracillima C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Club 81: 33. 1954; Scirpus validus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 268.
Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 85. 1871, non Thwaites, 1864; Rhynchospora 1805; Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla subsp. validus (Vahl)
distans var. λ gracillima Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: T. Koyama, Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 29: 128. 1989. Type: West
208. 1926. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 3781 (Holotype: GH; Isotypes: Indies. Banks s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl).
NY, US). Scirpus lacustris sensu C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 93.
Rhynchospora pallida sensu C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 1900, non L.
126. 1900, in part, non M.A. Curtis, 1849. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, and southeastern United Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), North
States. America, and Mexico.
References: 3, 28, 30, 61, 147. References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 147, 149.
Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & Keller, Fl. Schoenus albus L. = Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl
Schweiz, ed. 2, 75. 1905; Scirpus americanus Pers., Syn. Pl. 1:
68. 1805. Type: United States. South Carolina, Michaux s.n. Schoenus barbatus Vahl = Rhynchospora barbata (Vahl) Kunth
(Holotype: P). Schoenus capillaris Sw. = Cyperus nanus Willd.
Schoenoplectus olneyi (A. Gray) Palla, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 299. 1888;
Schoenus cladium Sw. = Cladium jamaicense Crantz
Scirpus olneyi A. Gray, Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 238. 1845. Type: United
States. Rhode Island, Olney s.n. (Holotype: GH; Isotypes: NY, S). Schoenus coloratus L. = Rhynchospora colorata (L.) H. Pfeiff.
Scirpus olneyi A. Gray var. longisetis Kük., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 8. 1929. Schoenus comatus Link = Rhynchospora comata (Link) Roem. &
Type: Haiti. Massif de la Selle, Morne-à-Bateau, Ekman 8051 Schult.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Schoenus corniculatus Lam. = Rhynchospora corniculata (Lam.)
Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Nevis), A. Gray
North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Schoenus cyperoides Sw. = Rhynchospora holoschoenoides (Rich.)
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 61, 149. Herter
Schoenus distans Michx. = Rhynchospora fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl Scirpus caribaeus Rottb. = Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.
var. distans (Michx.) Chapm. Scirpus carolinianus Lam. = Fimbristylis caroliniana (Lam.) Fernald
Schoenus fascicularis Michx. = Rhynchospora fascicularis (Michx.) Scirpus castaneus Michx. = Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl
Vahl subsp. fascicularis
Scirpus cephalotes L. = Rhynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl var. cephalotes
Schoenus gracilis Sw. = Rhynchospora racemosa C. Wright
Scirpus chirigota C. Wright = Fimbristylis chirigota (C. Wright) Alain
Schoenus hirsutus Vahl = Rhynchospora hirsuta (Vahl) Vahl
Scirpus ciliatifolius Elliott = Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Elliott) Fernald var.
Schoenus hispidulus Vahl = Rhynchospora divaricata (Desv. ex Ham.) ciliatifolia
M.T. Strong
Scirpus coarctatus Elliott = Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Elliott) Fernald var.
Schoenus holoschoenoides Rich. = Rhynchospora holoschoenoides coarctata (Elliott) Kral
(Rich.) Herter
Scirpus complanatus Retz. = Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link
Schoenus juncoides Vahl = Bulbostylis juncoides (Vahl) Kük. ex Herter
Scirpus cornatus C. Wright = Fuirena squarrosa Michx.
Schoenus latifolius Vahl = Scleria gaertneri Raddi
Scirpus corymbiferus C. Wright = Rhynchospora scirpoides (Torr.) Griseb.
Schoenus miliaceus Lam. = Rhynchospora miliacea (Lam.) A. Gray
Scirpus corymbosus L. = Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton
Schoenus nigricans L., Sp. Pl. 43. 1753. Lectotype: Europe. (LINN
68.5), designated by Simpson in Jarvis & al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. Scirpus cubensis Poepp. & Kunth = Oxycaryum cubense (Poepp. &
127 : 86. 1993. Kunth) Palla
Schoenus nigricans L. var. ambiguus Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Scirpus cubensis Poepp. & Kunth var. gracilis (Boeckeler) Beetle =
Veg. 44: 171. 1938. Syntypes: Cuba. Too many to list here. Oxycaryum cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Palla
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, United
Scirpus cubensis Poepp. & Kunth var. minor C. Wright & Sauvalle =
States (CA, FL, NV, TX), Mexico, Central America, South
Oxycaryum cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Palla
America, Europe, Eurasia, and Africa.
Common Name: Black-headed sedge (Bahamas). Scirpus cyperoides L. = Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze
References: 2, 3, 5, 45, 147, 149.
Scirpus dichotomus L. = Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl subsp.
Schoenus paradoxus Spreng. = Bulbostylis paradoxa (Spreng.) Lindm. dichotoma
Schoenus polyphyllus Vahl = Rhynchospora polyphylla (Vahl) Vahl Scirpus dictyospermus C. Wright = Eleocharis cellulosa Torr.
Schoenus pusillus Sw. = Rhynchospora berteroi (Spreng.) C.B. Clarke Scirpus diphyllus Retz. = Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl subsp.
Schoenus rariflorus Michx. = Rhynchospora rariflora (Michx.) Elliott dichotoma
Schoenus restioides Sw. = Machaerina restioides (Sw.) Vahl Scirpus domingensis Ham. = Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl
Schoenus rugosus Vahl = Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale Scirpus domingensis Pers. = Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl
Schoenus secans L. = Scleria secans (L.) Urb. Scirpus dussianus Boeckeler ex Duss = Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B.
Clarke
Schoenus setaceus P.J. Bergius = Rhynchospora tenerrima Nees ex
Spreng. Scirpus dussii Boeckeler = Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke
Schoenus sparsus Michx. = Rhynchospora miliacea (Lam.) A. Gray Scirpus elegans Kunth = Eleocharis elegans (Kunth) Roem. & Schult.
Schoenus stellatus Lam. = Rhynchospora colorata (L.) H. Pfeiff. Scirpus ferrugineus L. = Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl
Scirpus ablepharus Griseb. = Oxycaryum cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Scirpus ferrugineus sensu Bello = Cyperus ligularis L.
Palla Scirpus fistulosus Poir. = Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schult. subsp.
Scirpus acicularis L. = Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. acutangula
Scirpus acutangulus Roxb. = Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schult. Scirpus flaccidus Rchb. ex Spreng. = Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb.
subsp. acutangula Scirpus flavescens Poir. = Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb.
Scirpus amentaceus (Rudge) Griseb. = Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Scirpus floccosus Griseb. = Bulbostylis floccosa (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke
Link
Scirpus fuirena T. Koyama = Fuirena umbellata Rottb.
Scirpus americanus Pers. = Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart
Scirpus geniculatus L. = Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.
ex Schinz & Keller
Scirpus geniculatus Rottb. var. minor Vahl = Eleocharis geniculata (L.)
Scirpus anisochaetus C. Wright = Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb.
Roem. & Schult.
Scirpus annuus All. = Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl subsp.
Scirpus glomeratus Retz. = Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br.
dichotoma
Scirpus grisebachii Britton ex León & Alain = Eleocharis confervoides
Scirpus atropurpureus Retz. = Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunth
(Poir.) G.C. Tucker
Scirpus autumnalis L. = Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult.
Scirpus hirtus Griseb. = Bulbostylis vestita (Kunth) C.B. Clarke
Scirpus barbatus Rottb. = Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke
Scirpus hispidulus Vahl = Bulbostylis hispidula (Vahl) R.W. Haines
Scirpus camptotrichus C. Wright = Eleocharis nana Kunth
Scirpus interstinctus Vahl = Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl) Roem. &
Scirpus capillaris L. = Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke Schult.
Scirpus caribaeus Griseb. = Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb. Scirpus lacustris L. = Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla
number 9 8 • 295
Scirpus lacustris sensu C.B. Clarke = Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) Scirpus tenuifolius Rudge = Bulbostylis tenuifolia (Rudge) J.F. Macbr.
A. & D. Löve Scirpus umbellatus (Rottb.) Kuntze = Fuirena umbellata Rottb.
Scirpus laxiflorus Thwaites = Eleocharis ochrostachys Steud. Scirpus vahlii Lam. = Fimbristylis vahlii (Lam.) Link
Scirpus lithospermus L. = Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. Scirpus validus Vahl = Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) A. Löve & D. Löve
Scirpus luzulae L. = Cyperus luzulae (L.) Rottb. ex Retz. Scirpus villosus Poir. = Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl subsp. dichotoma
Scirpus maculosus Vahl = Eleocharis maculosa (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. Scleria arundinacea Kunth = Scleria latifolia Sw.
Scirpus maritimus L. = Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye Scleria baldwinii (Torr.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 175. 1855; Hypoporum
Scirpus melanocarpus Griseb. = Eleocharis pachystyla (C. Wright) C.B. baldwinii Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 382. 1836.
Clarke Type. United States. Georgia, Baldwin s.n. (Holotype: NY).
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and southeastern United States.
Scirpus micranthus Vahl = Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G.C. Tucker
References: 3, 147.
Scirpus microlepis Griseb. = Eleocharis microlepis (Griseb.) D.A. Simpson
Scleria bracteata Cav. var. angusta Griseb. = Scleria muehlenbergii Steud.
Scirpus miliaceus L. = Fimbristylis quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth
Scleria brittonii Core in J.K. Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 190. 1933, nom. nov.
Scirpus mitratus Griseb. = Eleocharis tiarata Gómez-Laur. for Scleria glabra (Chapm.) Britton in J.K. Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 200.
Scirpus monostachyus (L.) Kuntze = Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral 1903, non Boeckeler, 1888; Scleria pauciflora var. glabra Chapm.,
Fl. South U.S. 532. 1860; Scleria ciliata var. glabra (Chapm.)
Scirpus montanus Kunth = Eleocharis montana (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. Fairey, Castanea 32: 48. 1967. Lectotype: United States. Florida,
Scirpus mutatus L. = Eleocharis mutata (L.) Roem. & Schult. Chapman s.n. (NY; Isolectotypes: NY, US), designated by Fairey,
Castanea 32: 51. 1967.
Scirpus mutatus sensu Bello = Kyllinga vaginata Lam.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, and southeastern United
Scirpus natans Griseb. = Eleocharis confervoides (Poir.) G.C. Tucker States.
Scirpus nitens Vahl = Rhynchospora nitens (Vahl) A. Gray References: 3, 28, 149, 254.
Scirpus nodulosus Roth = Eleocharis montana (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. Scleria canescens Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 37. 1888. Type: Puerto
Rico. Guayama, Kuntze s.n. (Holotype: B †; Isotype: NY).
Scirpus nodulosus sensu Bello = Kyllinga tibialis Poit. ex Ledeb.
Distribution: Although reported by León (1946) from Cuba, we have
Scirpus obtusifolius sensu Griseb. = Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br. seen no specimens outside of Puerto Rico where it is apparently
Scirpus ochreatus (Nees) Griseb. = Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb. endemic.
Common Name: Cortadora (Puerto Rico).
Scirpus olneyi A. Gray = Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex References: 3, 19, 28, 32, 131.
Schinz & Keller
Scleria capitata Willd. = Diplacrum capitatum (Willd.) Boeckeler
Scirpus olneyi A. Gray var. longisetis Kük. = Schoenoplectus americanus
(Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & Keller Scleria catalinae Britton = Scleria mucronata Poir.
Scirpus pachystylus C. Wright = Eleocharis pachystyla (C. Wright) C.B. Scleria chlorantha Boeckeler, Linnaea 38: 506. 1874. Type: Dominican
Clarke Republic. Mayerhoff s.n. (Holotype: B †).
Scleria scindens sensu authors, non Nees ex Kunth
Scirpus paludosus A. Nelson = Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye Scleria scaberrima Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 2: 41. 1890. Type: St.
Scirpus parvulus Roem. & Schult. = Eleocharis parvula (Roem. & Vincent. Eggers s.n. (Holotype: B †).
Schult.) Link ex Bluff, Nees, & Schauer Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and
Scirpus plantagineus Sw. = Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl) Roem. & Schult.
Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent).
Scirpus plicarhachis Griseb. = Eleocharis plicarhachis (Griseb.) Svenson References: 1, 3, 19, 28, 32, 61, 254.
Scirpus pungens Vahl = Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla Scleria ciliata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 167. 1803, var. ciliata.
Scirpus quinquangularis Vahl = Fimbristylis quinquangularis (Vahl) Lectotype: United States. Carolina, Michaux s.n. (P-Michx.),
Kunth designated by Fairey, Castanea 32: 50. 1967.
Scirpus retroflexus Poir. = Eleocharis retroflexa (Poir.) Urb. subsp. Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), eastern United States, Mexico, Central
retroflexa America, and South America.
Scirpus robustus Pursh = Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 147, 223, 254.
Scirpus rostellatus Torr. = Eleocharis rostellata (Torr.) Torr. Scleria ciliata Michx. var. elliottii (Chapm.) Fernald, Rhodora 39: 392.
1937; Scleria elliottii Chapm., Fl. South. U.S. 531. 1860. Type:
Scirpus schoenoides Retz. = Fimbristylis schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl United States. Carolina, Chapman s.n. (Holotype: probably at NY).
Scirpus spadiceus L. = Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, and southeastern United States.
Scirpus stans Desv. ex Ham. = Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl
Scleria cincta Steud. = Rhynchospora contracta (Nees) J. Raynal
Scirpus stenophyllus Elliott = Bulbostylis stenophylla (Elliott) C.B.
Clarke Scleria cubensis Boeckeler = Scleria mucronata Poir.
Scirpus submersus C. Wright = Eleocharis confervoides (Poir.) G.C. Scleria curtissii Britton = Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. var. curtissii
Tucker (Britton) Fairey
Scirpus subsquarrosus Muhl. = Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G.C. Tucker Scleria debilis C. Wright = Scleria muehlenbergii Steud.
Scleria dictyocarpa Griseb. = Scleria muehlenbergii Steud. 1792. Type: United States. Georgia, Baldwin s.n. (Holotype:
CHARL; Isotype: NY).
Scleria distans Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 7: 4. 1806.
Lectotype: Puerto Rico. Ledrú 110 (P; Isolectotype: P), designated
southeastern United States, and Central America.
by J. Raynal, Adansonia, ser. 2. 16: 216. 1976.
References: 2, 3, 28, 147.
Scleria hirtella of many authors, non Swartz
Scleria nutans Willd. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 351. 1837. Type: Scleria gracilis Elliott = Scleria georgiana Core
Venezuela. Humboldt s.n. (Holotype: B-Willd. 17336; Isotypes: Scleria grisebachii C.B. Clarke = Scleria eggersiana Boeckeler
HAL, P-HBK).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Scleria havanensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 492. 1915. Type:
(St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), Margarita, Trinidad, Cuba. Habana, Loma de la Coca, León 4731 (Holotype: NY;
southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, South Isotype: HAC).
America, and Africa. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
References: 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 124, 147, 301, 323. and Puerto Rico.
References: 3, 28, 147, 320.
Scleria doradoensis Britton = Scleria hirtella Sw.
Scleria hemitaphra Steud. = Scleria muehlenbergii Steud.
Scleria eggersiana Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 2: 41. 1890. Type: Cuba.
Eggers s.n. (Holotype: B †; Isotype: C). Scleria hirtella Sw., Prodr. 19. 1788, subsp. hirtella. Type: Jamaica.
Scleria grisebachii C.B. Clarke in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 150. 1900. Swartz s.n. (Holotype: BM; Isotypes: B, M, S-Sw.).
Lectotype: Martinique. Duss 445 (NY), designated by Strong & Scleria doradoensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 55. 1923. Type:
Acevedo, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 372. 2005. Puerto Rico. N.L. Britton et al. 7064 (Holotype: NY; Isotypes:
Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth var. latifolia Boeckeler, Linnaea 38: UPR, US).
517. 1874. Type: Guadeloupe. Coll. ign. (Holotype: B †). Scleria hirtella Sw. var. glabrescens Boeckeler, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk
Scleria mitis sensu Grisebach, Fl. Brit. W. I. 578. 1864, non P.J. Bergius, Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869: 151. 1869. Syntypes: Brazil.
1765. Lagoa Santa, Warming s.n. (B †); Sorocaba and Hytú, Lund s.n.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, (B †).
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Scleria hirtella Sw. var. pauciciliata Britton, Ann. New York Acad. Sci.
Martinique), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and 3: 236. 1885. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 3418 (in part) (Holotype:
South America. GH).
Common Names: Cortadera, Cortadora, Cortadora de altura, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Lambedora (Puerto Rico). Antilles (Guadeloupe), Margarita, Trinidad, southeastern United
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 301. States, Mexico, Central America, South America, tropical Africa,
and Madagascar.
Scleria elata C. Wright = Scleria wrightiana Boeckeler Common Name: Caramaná (Dominican Republic).
Scleria elliottii Chapm. = Scleria ciliata Michx. var. elliottii (Chapm.) References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147, 156, 301, 323.
Fernald Scleria hirtella Sw. subsp. interrupta (Rich.) M.T. Strong, comb. & stat.
Scleria filiformis Sw. = Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. nov.; Scleria interrupta Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 112.
1792. Type: French Guiana. LeBlonde s.n. (Holotype: P; Isotypes:
Scleria flagellum (J.F. Gmel.) Sw. = Scleria secans (L.) Urb.
B, P).
Scleria foliosa C. Wright = Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth Scleria pinetorum Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 492. 1915. Type:
Scleria gaertneri Raddi, Atti Reale Accad. Lucchese Sci. 2: 331. 1823. Cuba. Wilson 1724 (Holotype: NY).
Scleria melaleuca Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 6: 29. 1831. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America,
Type: Surinam. Weigelt s.n. (Holotype: G; Isotypes: F, G, HAL). South America, and Africa.
Schoenus latifolius Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 226. 1805. Type: Puerto Rico. References: 3, 5, 147, 149.
Ventenat s.n. (Holotype: C-Vahl). Scleria hirtella Sw. var. glabrescens Boeckeler = Scleria hirtella Sw.
Scleria mitis sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 124. 1883, non subsp. hirtella
P.J. Bergius
Scleria hirtella Sw. var. pauciciliata Britton = Scleria hirtella Sw. subsp.
Scleria ottonis Boeckeler, Linnaea 38: 490. 1874. Type: Cuba. Otto 299
hirtella
(Holotype: B †).
Scleria pratensis Lindl. ex Nees in Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(1): 179. 1842. Scleria interrupta Rich. = Scleria hirtella Sw. subsp. interrupta (Rich.)
Type: Brazil. Macrae s.n. (Holotype: probably at CGE). M.T. Strong
Scleria pterota C. Presl in Oken, Isis 21: 268. 1828, nom. nud. Scleria krugiana Boeckeler = Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw.
Scleria scindens Nees ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 343. 1837. Type:
Martinique. Sieber 269 (Holotype: probably at AWH; Isotype: K). Scleria lacustris C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Habana 8: 152. 1871. Lectotype: Cuba. Pinar del Rio, C. Wright
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser s.n. (K; Isolectotypes: GH, NY, S, US), designated by E.A.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Robinson, Kew Bull. 18(3): 517. 1966.
Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia), Tobago, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Central America (Costa Rica), South
Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, and America, south Africa, and Madagascar; exotic in United States (FL).
Madagascar. Common Name: Cañuela (Cuba).
Common Names: Cortadera (Dominican Republic), Z’herbe rasoir References: 3, 147, 149, 350.
(Haiti). Note: cited by 147 for Jamaica, but we have found no bibliographical
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 32, 61, 147, 254, 301, 340, 634. or specimen records to confirm its occurrence there.
Scleria georgiana Core, Brittonia 1: 243. 1934; Scleria gracilis Elliott, Scleria latifolia Sw., Prodr. 18. 1788. Type: Jamaica. Swartz s.n.
Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2(6): 557. 1824, nom. illeg., non Richard, (Holotype: S-Sw.).
number 9 8 • 297
Scleria arundinacea Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 347. 1837; Scleria latifolia Sw. Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth var. foliosa C.B. Clarke = Scleria
var. arundinacea (Kunth) H. Pfeiff., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. microcarpa Nees ex Kunth
52: 171. 1943. Type: Australia. Sieber 99 (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth var. latifolia Boeckeler = Scleria
BR, HAL). eggersiana Boeckeler
Scleria nervosa Wikstr., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1827: 75. 1828.
Type: Guadeloupe, Forsström s.n. (Holotype: S). Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth var. phylloptera (C. Wright ex
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Griseb.) Kük. = Scleria testacea Nees ex Kunth
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia), Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth var. subeciliata C.B. Clarke = Scleria
Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South mucronata Poir.
America.
Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth var. subeggersiana Kük. ex O.C.
References: 1, 30, 147, 301, 323.
Schmidt = Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth
Scleria latifolia Sw. var. arundinacea (Kunth) H. Pfeiff. = Scleria
Scleria microdiscus Steud. = Rhynchospora berteroi (Spreng.) C.B.
latifolia Sw.
Clarke
Scleria liebmannii Steud. = Scleria tenella Kunth
Scleria mitis P.J. Bergius, Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 26: 145. 1765.
Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw., Prodr. 18. 1788; Scirpus lithospermus L., Type: Surinam. Rolander s.n. (Holotype: SBT; Isotypes: C, S).
Sp. Pl. 51. 1753. Lectotype: Rheede, Hort. Malab. 12: t: 48. 1693, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe,
designated by Camelbeke & Goetghebeur, Taxon 49: 295. 2000. Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Central America,
Scleria filiformis Sw., Prodr. 19. 1788; Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. var. and South America.
filiformis (Sw.) Britton, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 3: 231. 1885. Common Name: Trefilo (Dominican Republic).
Type: Hispaniola. Swartz s.n. (Holotype: S-Sw.). References: 1, 3, 5, 61, 123, 151, 301.
Scleria krugiana Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 35. 1888. Type: Puerto Rico.
Scleria mitis sensu Bello = Scleria gaertneri Raddi
Sintenis 4945 (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: L, NY, P-4).
Scleria purpurea Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 7: 4. 1806. Scleria mitis sensu Griseb. = Scleria eggersiana Boeckeler
Type: St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Coll. ign. (Holotype: Scleria motemboensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 341. 1922.
P-Lam.). Type: Cuba. Santa Clara, Sabana de Motembo, León and
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Loustalot 9405 (Holotype: NY; Isotype: HAC).
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, References: 3, 39, 74, 320.
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Martinique, St. Lucia), Margarita, Trinidad, United States (FL, Cuba (39).
LA), Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, Asia,
Malesia, and Pacific region. Scleria mucronata Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 7: 3. 1806.
Common Name: Slender nut-rush (Bahamas). Type: Puerto Rico. Ledrú 83 p.p. (Holotype: P; Isotype: P).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 28, 45, 61, 147, 301, 323. Scleria catalinae Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 489. 1915. Type:
Cuba. Van Hermann 3272 (Holotype: NY).
Scleria luzuliformis C. Wright = Scleria tenella Kunth Scleria cubensis Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 2: 42. 1890. Type: Cuba. Eggers
Scleria macrophylla J. Presl & C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(3): 200. 1828. 5113 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: P-3).
Type: South America. Haenke s.n. (Holotype: PR). Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth var. subeciliata C.B. Clarke in I.
Scleria paludosa Poepp. & Kunth in C.S. Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 344. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 149. 1900. Lectotype: Jamaica. Hart 674
1837. Type: Peru. Vicinity of Torache, Poeppig s.n. (Holotype: W). (US), designated by Strong & Acevedo, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico, Central 52: 378. 2005.
America, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
References: 2, 30, 147, 301. Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.
References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 147.
Scleria melaleuca Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham. = Scleria gaertneri Raddi
Scleria muehlenbergii Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 543. 1841;
Scleria micrantha Poir. = Rhynchospora contracta (Nees) J. Raynal
Scleria laxa Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 376.
Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 341. 1837. Type: 1836, non R. Brown, 1810. Type: United States. South Carolina,
Surinam. Weigelt s.n. (Holotype: B †; Isotypes: BM, BR, HAL). Coll. ign. (Holotype: PH).
Scleria foliosa C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Scleria bracteata Cav. var. angusta Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 249. 1866.
Habana 8: 154. 1871, nom. illeg., non Hochst. ex A. Rich., 1850; Type: Cuba. C. Wright 3416b (Holotype: GOET).
Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth var. foliosa C.B. Clarke in I. Scleria debilis C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana
Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 149. 1900. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 3807 8: 154. 1871. Type: Cuba. Pinar del Rio, Chirigota, Retiro,
(Holotype: GH; Isotypes: NY, US). C. Wright 3416 (Holotype: GOET; Isotypes: GH-3, MA, NY, US).
Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth var. subeggersiana Kük. ex O.C. Scleria dictyocarpa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 249. 1866. Type: Cuba.
Schmidt, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32: 78. 1933. Type: C. Wright 3416a (Holotype: probably at GOET; Isotypes: GH,
Dominican Republic. Samaná, Sabana de la Mar, Ekman 15586 MA, NY).
(Holotype: B †; Isotype: S). Scleria hemitaphra Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 169. 1855. Type: United
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin States. Louisiana, Drummond Herb. s.n. (Holotype: probably at P;
Islands (Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Isotypes: GH, MICH).
Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia), Trinidad, Mexico, Central Scleria reticularis sensu authors, non Michx.
America, and South America. Scleria reticularis Michx. var. pubescens Britton, Ann. New York Acad.
Common Names: Lamedera, Navajuelo (Dominican Republic). Sci. 3: 232. 1885. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 3800 (Holotype: NY;
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 123, 147, 301. Isotypes: GH, US).
Scleria setacea sensu authors, non Poir. Scleria porphyrorhiza C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Scleria stereorrhiza C. Wright ex C.B. Clarke var. major C.B. Clarke in Méd. Habana 8: 155. 1871. Type: Cuba. Pinar de Rio, Vuelta
I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 147. 1900. Syntypes: Cuba. C. Wright de Abajo, C. Wright s.n. (Holotype: probably at GOET or GH;
725, 3416a (K), 3416b (B †; Isosyntype: GOET). Isotypes: K, NY, US).
Scleria stereorrhiza C. Wright ex C.B. Clarke var. stereorrhiza in I. Distribution: Native to Cuba and South America.
Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 147. 1900. Type: Cuba. Loma del pinal References: 3, 30, 147, 149.
Magais, C. Wright 3416 (Holotype: GOET; Isotype: GH). Scleria scindens Nees ex Kunth = Scleria gaertneri Raddi
Scleria stevensiana Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 55. 1923. Type:
Puerto Rico. Lares, Stevens & Hess 4944 (Holotype: NY). Scleria scindens sensu authors = Scleria chlorantha Boeckeler
Scleria torreyana Walp. in W.G. Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst. 3: 696. 1852. Scleria secans (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 169. 1900; Schoenus secans
Type: United States. Syntypes: New Jersey, Long Island (not L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 865. 1759. Lectotype: Jamaica. Sloane, Voy.
located). Jamaica 1: t. 77, f. 1. 1707, designated by T. Koyama in R.A.
Scleria trichopoda C. Wright ex Britton, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 3: 232. Howard, Fl. Lesser Antill. 3: 309. 1979.
1885. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 3803 (Holotype: NY; Isotype: GH). Scleria flagellum (J.F. Gmel.) Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 88. 1797; Carex
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser flagellum J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2(1): 138. 1791.
Antilles (Martinique), Trinidad, eastern United States, Mexico, Scleria reflexa Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
Central America, and South America. & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 232. 1816. Type:
References: 3, 5, 28, 30, 45, 61, 124, 147, 254, 301. Venezuela. Humboldt & Bonpland 252 (Holotype: P-HBK).
Scleria nervosa Wikstr. = Scleria latifolia Sw. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Scleria ottonis Boeckeler = Scleria gaertneri Raddi Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad,
Scleria paludosa Poepp. & Kunth = Scleria macrophylla J. Presl & C. Presl Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Cortadera de monte, Lambe-lambe, Lame-lame
Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 318. 1805, nom. cons.,
(Cuba), Lambedera, Lambedora, Yabacoa (Dominican Republic),
var. pauciflora. Type: Pennsylvania. Muehlenberg s.n. (Holotype:
Razor grass (Jamaica), Cortadora de altura (Puerto Rico).
B-Willd. 17333).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 32, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 301.
Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. var. effusa C.B. Clarke in I.
Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 143. 1900. Type: Cuba. C. Wright 720 Scleria setacea Poir. = Rhynchospora tenerrima Nees ex Spreng.
(Holotype: K). Scleria setacea sensu authors = Scleria muehlenbergii Steud.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and eastern United States.
References: 3, 30, 147. Scleria setuloso-ciliata Boeckeler, Flora 65: 30. 1882. Type:
Guatemala. Mazatenango, Bernoulli 567 (Holotype: B †; Isotype:
Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. var. curtissii (Britton) Fairey, K, NY)
Castanea 34: 89. 1969; Scleria curtissii Britton in J.K. Small, Fl. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and
S.E. U.S. 200. 1903. Type: United States. Florida. Duval County, South America.
near Jacksonville, Curtiss 4793 (Holotype: NY). References: 2, 3, 147, 151.
References: 3, 147. Scleria stereorrhiza C. Wright ex C.B. Clarke var. major C.B. Clarke =
Scleria muehlenbergii Steud.
Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. var. effusa C.B. Clarke = Scleria
pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. var. pauciflora Scleria stereorrhiza C. Wright ex C.B. Clarke var. stereorrhiza = Scleria
muehlenbergii Steud.
Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. var. glabra Chapm. = Scleria
muehlenbergii Steud. Scleria stevensiana Britton = Scleria muehlenbergii Steud.
Scleria phylloptera C. Wright ex Griseb. = Scleria testacea Nees ex Kunth Scleria tenella Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 353. 1837. Type: French Guiana.
Coll. ign. (Holotype: B †).
Scleria pilosissima Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 491. 1915. Type: Scleria liebmannii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 179. 1855. Syntypes:
Cuba. Oriente, between Punta Gorda and Woodfred, Shafer 3099 Mexico. Veracruz, Liebmann s.n. (C); Oaxaca, Liebmann s.n. (C).
(Holotype: NY). Scleria luzuliformis C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Habana 8: 156. 1871. Type: Cuba. San Juan de Buena Vista,
References: 3, 147, 149. Bayamo, C. Wright 3418 (in part) (Holotype: probably at GOET;
Scleria pinetorum Britton = Scleria hirtella Sw. subsp. interrupta (Rich.) Isotypes: GH, MA).
M.T. Strong Scleria micrococca (Liebm.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 179. 1855;
Hypoporum micrococcum Liebm., Mexic. Halvgr. 68. 1850. Type:
Scleria porphyrorhiza C. Wright = Scleria scabra Willd.
Nicaragua. Oersted 14509 (Holotype: C).
Scleria pratensis Lindl. ex Nees = Scleria gaertneri Raddi Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and
Scleria pterota C. Presl = Scleria gaertneri Raddi South America.
Scleria purpurea Poir. = Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw.
Scleria testacea Nees ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 341. 1837. Type: Hawaii.
Scleria reflexa Kunth = Scleria secans (L.) Urb. Coll. ign. (Holotype: B †).
Scleria reticularis sensu authors = Scleria muehlenbergii Steud. Scleria phylloptera C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 248. 1866;
Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth var. phylloptera (C. Wright ex
Scleria reticularis Michx. var. pubescens Britton = Scleria muehlenbergii
Griseb.) Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 218. 1926. Type:
Steud.
Cuba. C. Wright 724b (Holotype: GOET; Isotypes: GH, US).
Scleria scaberrima Boeckeler = Scleria chlorantha Boeckeler Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola (Haiti), Jamaica, Mexico,
Scleria scabra Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 315. 1805. Type: Venezuela. Cumana, Central America, South America, and Hawaii.
Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype: B-Willd. 17338). References: 3, 30, 124, 147, 254.
number 9 8 • 299
Scleria torreyana Walp. = Scleria muehlenbergii Steud. Torulinium ferax (Rich.) Urb. = Cyperus odoratus L.
Scleria trichopoda C. Wright ex Britton = Scleria muehlenbergii Steud. Torulinium filiforme (Sw.) C.B. Clarke = Cyperus filiformis Sw.
Scleria verticillata Muhl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 317. 1805. Type: United Torulinium flexuosum (Vahl) T. Koyama = Cyperus flexuosos Vahl
States. Pennsylvania. Willdenow s.n. (Holotype: B-Willd. 17326). Torulinium macrocephalum (Liebm.) C.B. Clarke var. davidsei C.D.
Scleria verticillata Muhl. ex Willd. f. capillaris Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Adams = Cyperus eggersii Boeckeler var. laticeps Kük.
Regni Veg. 23: 214. 1926. Type: Cuba. Pinar del Rio, Laguna
Santa María, Ekman 17275 (Holotype: B †; Isotype: US). Torulinium michauxianum C.B. Clarke = Cyperus odoratus L.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Puerto Rico, southeastern Torulinium odoratum (L.) S.S. Hooper = Cyperus odoratus L.
United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Torulinium vahlii (Schard ex Nees) C.B. Clarke = Cyperus flexuosos Vahl
Common Name: Low nut-rush (Bahamas).
References: 3, 28, 45, 147. Trichelostylis complanata (Retz.) Nees = Fimbristylis complanata
(Retz.) Link
Scleria verticillata Muhl. ex Willd. f. capillaris Kük. = Scleria verticillata
Muhl. ex Willd. Uncinia hamata (Sw.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 169. 1900; Carex hamata
Sw., Prodr. 18. 1788. Type: Jamaica. Swartz s.n. (Holotype: S-Sw.;
Scleria wrightiana Boeckeler, Flora 64: 79. 1881; Scleria elata C. Wright
Isotype: LD-2).
in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 153. 1871, nom.
Uncinia jamaicensis (Poir.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 534. 1807; Carex
illeg., non Thwaites, 1864. Type: Cuba. San Cristóbal, Guanímar,
jamaicensis Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 3: 246.
Colon, C. Wright 3805 (Holotype: GH; Isotypes: NY, US).
1813. Type: Jamaica. Shakespear s.n. (Holotype: BM).
Uncinia jamaicensis Liebm., Mexic. Neldeagt. Pl., ser. 5(2): 272. 1851,
References: 3, 147.
nom. illeg.
Spermodon eximius Nees = Rhynchospora eximia (Nees) Boeckeler Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central
Stenophyllus alpestris (Urb.) Britton = Bulbostylis subaphylla C.B. America, and South America.
Clarke Common Name: Bird-catching sedge (Jamaica).
Stenophyllus antillanus Britton = Bulbostylis antillana (Britton) Fernald
Uncinia jamaicensis Liebm. = Uncinia hamata (Sw.) Urb.
Stenophyllus carteri Britton ex Small = Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Elliott)
Fernald var. ciliatifolia Uncinia jamaicensis (Poir.) Pers. = Uncinia hamata (Sw.) Urb.
Stenophyllus ciliatifolius (Elliott) C. Mohr = Bulbostylis ciliatifolia Websteria confervoides (Poir.) S.S. Hooper = Eleocharis confervoides
(Elliott) Fernald var. ciliatifolia (Poir.) G.C. Tucker
Stenophyllus curassavicus Britton = Bulbostylis curassavica (Britton) Websteria submersa (Sauvalle) Britton = Eleocharis confervoides (Poir.)
Kük. ex Ekman G.C. Tucker
Stenophyllus floccosus (Griseb.) Britton = Bulbostylis floccosa (Griseb.) Zosterospermum gracile Desv. ex Ham. = Rhynchospora contracta
C.B. Clarke (Nees) J. Raynal
Stenophyllus floridanus Britton ex Nash = Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) EXCLUDED SPECIES
C.B. Clarke
Bulbostylis funckii (Steud.) C.B. Clarke. Cited by World Checklist of
Stenophyllus harrisii Britton = Bulbostylis subaphylla C.B. Clarke Selected Plant Families (147) for Puerto Rico, but no specimen
Stenophyllus junciformis (Kunth) Britton = Bulbostylis junciformis record is known from there and it has not otherwise been recorded
(Kunth) C.B. Clarke from the West Indies.
Stenophyllus paradoxus (Spreng.) Standl. = Bulbostylis paradoxa Cyperus coriifolius Boeckeler Cited provisionally by Kükenthal (327)
(Spreng.) Lindm. for Puerto Rico and Martinique. However this is a Brazilian
species and he questioned its occurrence in the West Indies. The
Stenophyllus portoricensis Britton = Bulbostylis pauciflora (Liebm.) specimens cited were not located by us in order to confirm their
C.B. Clarke identity.
Stenophyllus stenophyllus (Elliott) Britton = Bulbostylis stenophylla Cyperus aureolus Steud. This taxon was described from Guadeloupe
(Elliott) C.B. Clarke but we have seen no specimens. Not seen by Kükenthal (327).
Stenophyllus subaphyllus (C.B. Clarke) Britton = Bulbostylis subaphylla Cyperus echinatus (L.) Alph. Wood. Cited by Flora of North America
C.B. Clarke (Vol. 23: 182) and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Stenophyllus tuerckheimii (Urb.) Britton = Bulbostylis subaphylla C.B. (147) for the West Indies. However, no specimen or other
Clarke literature records were found to confirm its occurrence there.
Stenophyllus vestitus (Kunth) Britton = Bulbostylis vestita (Kunth) C.B. Cyperus fuscus L. Cited by World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Clarke (147) for the Leeward Islands, but no specimen record is known
from there and it has not otherwise been recorded from the West
Stenophyllus wilsonii Britton = Bulbostylis wilsonii (Britton) Kük. Indies.
Thryocephalon nemorale J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. = Kyllinga nemoralis Cyperus redolens Maury ex Micheli. Cited by C.B. Clarke in Urban
(J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Dandy ex Hutch. & Dalziel (30) for Martinique, but no specimen record was found from
Torulinium confertum Desv. ex Ham. = Cyperus odoratus L. there. Not otherwise recorded from the West Indies.
Torulinium correllii T. Koyama = Cyperus correllii (T. Koyama) G.C. Rhynchospora gracilescens A. Gray. Cited by C.B. Clarke in Urban (30)
Tucker and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (147) for Cuba based
on a C. Wright collection at K which is actually R. leptorhyncha
Torulinium eggersii (Boeckeler) C.B. Clarke = Cyperus eggersii Boeckeler
C. Wright. Not otherwise recorded from the West Indies.
Rhynchospora oligantha A. Gray. Cited for Puerto Rico by Liogier & Cyrilla perrottetii Briq. = Cyrilla racemiflora L.
Martorell (6), but no specimen record was found to confirm its Cyrilla racemiflora L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 50. 1767.
occurrence there or elsewhere in the West Indies. Cyrilla antillana Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 158. 1803.
Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Soják. Cited by Flora of North Cyrilla perrottetii Briq., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 232.
America (Vol. 23: 50) for the West Indies. However, no specimen 1900.
or other literature records were found to confirm its occurrence Itea cyrilla Sw., Prodr. 50. 1788.
there. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, St. Vincent), Trinidad,
Scleria oligantha Michx. Cited for Puerto Rico by Liogier & Martorell
southeastern United States, Central America, and South America.
(6), but no specimen record was found to confirm its occurrence
Common Names: Barril, Clavellina, Encino, Llorona, Palo de jutía,
there or elsewhere in the West Indies.
Yanilla (Cuba), Granadillo, Granado, Palo de toro, Palo colorado,
Scleria triglomerata Michx. Records of this species in the West Indies Palo prieto, Sabina, Sabina macho (Dominican Republic), Beet
are based on misidentifications of Scleria havanensis Britton. No wood (Jamaica), Bois couché, Olivier-montagne, Pigeonberry
specimen records were found to confirm its occurrence in the West (Lesser Antilles), Colorado, Palo colorado (Puerto Rico).
Indies. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 151, 152, 301, 340.
Cyrilla silvae Berazaín, Willdenowia 39: 137. 2009.
Cyrillaceae
Reference: 465.
Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0. Itea cyrilla Sw. = Cyrilla racemiflora L.
Costaea cubensis A. Rich. = Purdiaea cubensis (A. Rich.) Urb. DichapetalaceAE

(Clethraceae)
Cyrilla antillana Michx. = Cyrilla racemiflora L. Taxa. Total: 5; native: 5; endemic: 5.
Cyrilla coriacea Berazaín, Willdenowia 39: 122. 2009.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Chailletia cubensis Poepp. = Tapura cubensis (Poepp.) Griseb. subsp.
Reference: 465. cubensis
Cyrilla cubensis P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 77. 1920. Dichapetalum cubense (Poepp.) M. Gómez = Tapura cubensis (Poepp.)
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Griseb. subsp. cubensis
References: 3, 156. Dichapetalum cubense Engl. = Tapura cubensis (Poepp.) Griseb. subsp.
Cyrilla cubensis P. Wilson subsp. nitidissima (Urb.) Borhidi = Cyrilla cubensis
nitidissima Urb. Tapura antillana Gleason = Tapura latifolia Benth.
Cyrilla lutgardae Berazaín, Willdenowia 39: 125. 2009. Tapura cubensis (Poepp.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 56. 1866, subsp.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. cubensis; Chailletia cubensis Poepp. in E.F. Poeppig & S.L.
Reference: 465. Endlicher, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 41. 1843; Dichapetalum cubense
Cyrilla macrocarpa Berazaín, Willdenowia 39: 128. 2009. (Poepp.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 240. 1890;
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Dichapetalum cubense Engl. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl,
Reference: 465. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(4): 349. 1897, nom. illeg.
Tapura cubensis (Poepp.) Griseb. var. wrightiana Baill. in C.F.P. von
Cyrilla megaphylla Berazaín, Willdenowia 39: 131. 2009. Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(1): 375. 1886.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Tapura obovata Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 465.
Reference: 465. 1916; Tapura cubensis (Poepp.) Griseb. subsp. obovata (Britton &
Cyrilla microareolata Berazaín, Willdenowia 39: 133. 2009, subsp. P. Wilson) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 25. 1975.
microareolata Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Aura, Lechuza, Vigueta de aura, Vigueta de lechuza,
Reference: 465. Vigueta naranjo, Vigueta peluda (Cuba).
References: 3, 151, 152, 156.
Cyrilla microareolata Berazaín, subsp. microphylla Berazaín,
Willdenowia 39: 135. 2009. Tapura cubensis (Poepp.) Griseb. subsp. minor Prance, Fl. Neotrop.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Monogr. 10: 63. 1972.
Cyrilla nipensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 365. 1926;
Cyrilla cubensis P. Wilson subsp. nipensis (Urb.) Borhidi, Bot. Tapura cubensis (Poepp.) Griseb. subsp. obovata (Britton & P. Wilson)
Közlem. 58: 176. 1971. Borhidi = Tapura cubensis (Poepp.) Griseb. subsp. cubensis
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Tapura cubensis (Poepp.) Griseb. var. wrightiana Baill. = Tapura
Reference: 3. cubensis (Poepp.) Griseb. subsp. cubensis
Cyrilla nitidissima Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 366. 1926; Tapura haitiensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 44. 1926.
Cyrilla cubensis P. Wilson subsp. nitidissima (Urb.) Borhidi, Bot. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Közlem. 58: 176. 1971. References: 5, 7.
Reference: 3. Tapura latifolia Benth., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 291. 1853.
number 9 8 • 301
Tapura antillana Gleason, N. Amer. Fl. 25(4): 382. 1924. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, and South
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, America.
Martinique, St. Lucia). References: 7, 32, 58, 61, 151, 301, 374.
Common Names: Côtelette noir, Bois-côte, Rosillet, Bois-côte gebois, Doliocarpus calineoides (Eichler) Gilg. = Pinzona coriacea Mart. & Zucc.
Bois-côte noir, Bois-côtelette noir (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 151, 156. Doliocarpus coriaceus (Mart. & Zucc.) Gilg. = Pinzona coriacea Mart.
& Zucc.
Tapura obovata Britton & P. Wilson = Tapura cubensis (Poepp.) Griseb.
subsp. cubensis Doliocarpus dentatus (Aubl.) Standl., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 286.
1925; Tigarea dentata Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 920. 1775.
Tapura orbicularis Ekman ex Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: Doliocarpus rolandri J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2(1): 805. 1791.
305. 1924. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. America, and South America.
Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Doliocarpus herrerae J. Pérez, Fontqueria 40: 43. 1994.
Doliocarpus major sensu authors, non J.F. Gmel. = Doliocarpus
Dilleniaceae brevipedicellatus Garcke
Doliocarpus multiflorus Standl., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 285. 1925.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and Central America.
References: 3, 374.
Curatella americana L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1079. 1759. Doliocarpus olivaceus sensu Liogier = Pinzona coriacea Mart. & Zucc.
Curatella grisebachiana Eichler, Fl. Bras. 13(1): 69. 1863.
Doliocarpus rolandri J.F. Gmel. = Doliocarpus dentatus (Aubl.) Standl.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Trinidad, Mexico, and
Central America. Pinzona calineoides Eichler = Pinzona coriacea Mart. & Zucc.
Common Names: Bababuey, Careicillo, Chaparro, Peralejo macho, Pinzona coriacea Mart. & Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer.
Vacabuey (Cuba), Aperalejo, Curatela, Peralejo (Dominican Akad. Wiss. 1: 371. 1832; Doliocarpus coriaceus (Mart. & Zucc.)
Republic), Pomme torche (Haiti). Gilg., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6): 114. 1893.
References: 3, 5, 7, 123, 132, 151, 301. Pinzona calineoides Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 13(1): 71.
Curatella grisebachiana Eichler = Curatella americana L. 1863; Doliocarpus calineoides (Eichler) Gilg. in H.G.A. Engler &
K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6): 114. 1893.
Davilla ciliata A. Rich. = Davilla nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki
Doliocarpus olivaceus sensu Liogier, Desc. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 207.
Davilla multiflora (DC.) A. St.-Hil. = Davilla nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki 1994, non Sprague & R.O. Williams.
Davilla nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 9: 95- Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
99. 1971; Tetracera nitida Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 70. 1794. (Dominica, Guadeloupe, St. Lucia), Trinidad, Central America,
Davilla ciliata A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 19. and South America.
1845. Common Names: Corde de l’eau, Liane à eau (Lesser Antilles).
Davilla multiflora (DC.) A. St.-Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 13. 1824. References: 1, 7, 32, 58, 61, 151, 301.
Davilla rugosa sensu León & Alain, Fl. Cuba 3: 292. 1953, non Poir. Tetracera jamaicensis DC. = Tetracera volubilis L.
Davilla rugosa sensu C.D. Adams, Fl. Pl. Jamaica 292. 1972.
Tetracera volubilis L., Sp. Pl. 533. 1753.
Davilla sagrana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc.
Tetracera jamaicensis DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 399. 1817 [“1818”].
17. 1845 [as sagraeana].
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and
South America.
South America.
Common Names: Bejuco carey, Bejuco de hojas de carey, Bejuco guará,
Common Names: Bejuco carey, Bejuco de cerca Bejuco guará, Bejuco
Bejuco raspa, Carey bejuco, Cogote de toro (Cuba), Briar withe
guárana, Carey bejuco (Cuba), Red withe (Jamaica).
(Jamaica).
References: 3, 151, 254, 352, 374.
References: 2, 3, 132, 151.
Davilla rugosa sensu León & Alain & sensu C.D. Adams = Davilla
nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki
Davilla sagrana A. Rich. = Davilla nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki Dioscoreaceae
Dillenia indica L., Sp. Pl. 535. 1753. Genera. Total: 2; native: 2; endemic: 0.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Taxa. Total: 35; native: 26; endemic: 23.
Islands (St. John); native to Asia.
Common Names: Coco africano (Cuba), Coca (Dominican Republic), Dioscorea alata L., Sp. Pl. 1033. 1753.
Dilenia, India dillenia (Puerto Rico). Rajania flexuosa Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 124. 1883.
References: 3, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 159, 224. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda,
Doliocarpus brevipedicellatus Garcke, Linnaea 22: 47. 1849. Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique,
Doliocarpus major sensu authors, non J.F. Gmel., Ann. Missouri Bot. Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St.
Gard. 52: 589. 1966. Lucia), Margarita, United States (FL, GA, LA), Central America,
and South America; native to tropical and subtropical Asia.
Common Names: Ñame, Ñame amarillo, Ñame blanco, Ñame bobo, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Ñame bombo, Ñame cola de pato, Ñame de Guinea, Ñame References: 3, 147.
morado, Ñame negro, Ñame pelado (Cuba), Ñame, Ñame Dioscorea cyclophylla Urb. = Rajania cordata L. var. cordata
amarillo, Ñame blanco, Ñame del monte jujador, Ñame de monte
pujador, Yam blanco, Yame blanco, Yame de gallina (Dominican Dioscorea duchassaingii R. Knuth in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 43
Republic), Igname bombarde, Igname caracol, Igname française, (Heft 87): 67. 1924.
Yam, Yame (Haiti), Greater yam, Water Yam (Jamaica), Ñame Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
de agua, Ñame de mina (Puerto Rico), Native yam, Water yam, Vincent).
White yam (Virgin Islands). References: 1, 147.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 19, 28, 30, 32, 45, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 152, Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl,
159, 323, 340, 383. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2(5): 134. 1888.
Dioscorea alata sensu Bello = Dioscorea polygonoides Humb. & Bonpl. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Africa.
ex Willd. Common Names: Bitter yam, Cluster yam (Jamaica).
References: 2, 147.
Dioscorea altissima Lam. = Dioscorea cayennensis Lam. subsp.
cayennensis Dioscorea ekmanii R. Knuth = Rajania psilostachya (Kunth) Uline ex
R. Knuth
Dioscorea altissima sensu authors non Lam. = Dioscorea chondrocarpa
Griseb. Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 1: 396.
1917.
Dioscorea bulbifera L., Sp. Pl. 1033. 1753. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles
Dioscorea latifolia Benth. in W.J. Hooker, Niger Fl. 535. 1849. (Guadeloupe, Martinique); native to tropical Asia.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Common Names: Bondá, Ñame boniato, Ñame papa (Cuba).
Rico, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts, References: 1, 28, 32, 61, 132, 147.
St. Vincent), Central America, and South America; native to
Africa, Asia, and Malesia. Dioscorea grisebachii León = Dioscorea nipensis R.A. Howard
Common Names: Potato yam (Bahamas), Ñame, Ñame cimarrón, Ñame Dioscorea haitiensis R. Knuth = Rajania ovata Sw.
de cimarrón, Ñame de monte (Cuba), Bondá, Bondanza, Bonday,
Dioscorea herradurensis (R. Knuth) P. Wilson ex León & Alain =
Masoco, Massoco, Monday (Dominican Republic), Bonay, Igname
Dioscorea wrightii Uline ex R. Knuth
massokor, Massokop (Haiti), Potato yam (Jamaica).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 32, 45, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150, 340. Dioscorea kegeliana Griseb. = Dioscorea polygonoides Humb. &
Bonpl. ex Willd.
Dioscorea bulbifera sensu Griseb. = Dioscorea pilosiuscula Bertero ex
Spreng. Dioscorea latifolia Benth. = Dioscorea bulbifera L.
Dioscorea cayennensis Lam., Encycl. 3: 233. 1789, subsp. cayennensis Dioscorea linearis Griseb. = Dioscorea nipensis R.A. Howard
Dioscorea altissima Lam., Encycl. 3: 231. 1789. Dioscorea lutea sensu Griseb. = Dioscorea villosa L.
Dioscorea occidentalis R. Knuth in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 43
(Heft 87): 299. 1924. Dioscorea montecristina Hadač = Dioscorea nipensis R.A. Howard
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Dioscorea multiflora C. Presl = Dioscorea polygonoides Humb. &
Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Bonpl. ex Willd.
Central America, and South America; native to Africa.
Dioscorea nipensis R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 119. 1947.
Common Names: Ñame, Ñame amarillo, Ñame de Guinea (Cuba),
Dioscorea grisebachii León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
Yellow yam (Jamaica), grosse tête, Igname carême, Igname jaune,
La Salle” 8: 321. 1946, nom. illeg.
Yam jeune la fièvre (Lesser Antilles), Ñame tongo, Tongo yam
Dioscorea linearis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 251. 1866, nom. illeg.
(Puerto Rico).
Dioscorea montecristina Hadač, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 430.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 32, 61, 131, 132, 147, 340.
1970.
Dioscorea cayennensis Lam. subsp. rotundata (Poir.) J. Miège in Rajania linearis R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 118. 1947.
J. Hutchinson & J.M. Dalziel, Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3(1): Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
153. 1968; Dioscorea rotundata Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, References: 3, 147.
Encycl. Suppl. 3: 139. 1813.
Dioscorea occidentalis R. Knuth = Dioscorea cayennensis Lam.
Distribution: Cultivated in Jamaica and Puerto Rico; native to west
tropical Africa. Dioscorea pentaphylla L., Sp. Pl. 1032. 1753.
References: 2, 28, 32, 61, 147. Dioscorea triphylla L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1032. 1763.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Asia, Malesia, and Australia.
Dioscorea chondrocarpa Griseb. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(1):
References: 3, 147.
34. 1842.
Dioscorea altissima sensu authors non Lam. Dioscorea pilosiuscula Bertero ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 152.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles 1825.
(Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Dioscorea bulbifera sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 587. 1864, non L.
Vincent), and South America. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Common Names: Ñame muerto (Dominican Republic), Igname chat Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
(Haiti), Igname grand bois, Igname marron (Lesser Antilles), Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Dunguey (Puerto Rico). Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 1, 3, 5, 28, 32, 61, 147. Common Names: Alambrillo, Ñame peludo, Ñame volador, Papas
al aire, Voladores (Cuba), Maguey, Maguey cimarrón, Mapuey
Dioscorea cubensis R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7:
cimarrón, Ñame cimarrón, Yamey cimarrón (Dominican
209. 1917.
number 9 8 • 303
Republic), Igname bâtard, Igname coc-bourrique, Igname porte- Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
en-l’air (Lesser Antilles), Dunguey (Puerto Rico). References: 3, 39, 147.
References: 1, 2, 5, 19, 30, 32, 61, 123, 132, 147. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Dioscorea polygonoides Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 795.
1806. Helmia psilostachya Kunth = Rajania psilostachya Uline ex R. Knuth
Dioscorea alata sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 123. 1883, Maba grisebachii Hiern = Diospyros grisebachii (Hiern) Standl.
non L.
Dioscorea kegeliana Griseb., Linnaea 21: 279. 1848. Rajania angustifolia Sw., Prodr. 59. 1788.
Dioscorea multiflora C. Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: Rajania minutiflora Uline, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 221.
546. 1845. 1917.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, References: 3, 5, 30, 132, 147, 565.
Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Mexico, Central Rajania bahamensis R. Knuth = Rajania microphylla Kunth
Rajania baracoensis R. Kunth = Rajania tenuiflora R. Knuth
Common Names: Ñambriz, Ñame matagallina (Dominican Republic),
Yam chat (Haiti), Bitter jessie, Wild Yam (Jamaica), Igname-bois, Rajania cephalocarpa Uline ex R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-
Igname sauvage, Yam pule, Yami marron (Lesser Antilles), Gunda, Dahlem 7: 221. 1917.
Hicamo, Matagallina (Puerto Rico). Dioscorea rigida R. Knuth, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 79. 1925.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 32, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 323, 340. Rajania hermannii R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 222.
1917.
Dioscorea rigida R. Knuth = Rajania cephalocarpa Uline ex R. Knuth
Dioscorea rotundata Poir. = Dioscorea cayennensis Lam. subsp. References: 3, 39, 147, 565.
rotundata (Poir.) J. Miège Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Dioscorea sativa L. = Dioscorea villosa L. Cuba (39).
Dioscorea scorpioidea C. Wright = Rajania cordata L. Rajania cordata L., Sp. Pl. 1032. 1753, var. cordata
Dioscorea cyclophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 4. 1909; Rajania
Dioscorea tamoidea Griseb. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 42. cyclophylla (Urb.) R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7:
1842. 218. 1917.
Dioscorea tamoidea Griseb. var. lindenii Uline, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Dioscorea scorpioidea C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Berlin-Dahlem 7: 209. 1917. Méd. Habana 8: 74. 1871.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Rajania cordata L. var. microcarpa Uline ex Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Hispaniola. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 219. 1917.
Common Names: Yam chat, Yam chatte (Haiti). Rajania hastata sensu Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 450. 1850, non L.
References: 3, 5, 30, 147. Rajania ovata sensu authors, non Sw.
Dioscorea tamoidea Griseb. var. lindenii Uline = Dioscorea tamoidea Rajania pleioneura Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 588. 1864.
Griseb. Rajania sintenisii Uline in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 281. 1902.
Rajania venosa R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 219.
Dioscorea trifida L. f., Suppl. Pl. 427. 1782 [“1781”].
1917.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico;
native to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), and
Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Central
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Martinique, Montserrat, St.
Kitts, St. Vincent).
Common Names: Mapuey, Ñame mapuey, Yampí (Cuba), Cush-cush
Common Names: Alambrillo (Cuba), Ñambriz, Ñame de la India
yam, Mapuey, Martinique, Ñame mapuey, Yam papa (Dominican
(Dominican Republic), Himber, Wild yam (Jamaica), bâtard,
Republic), Cush-cush, Igname martinique, Yam couche-couche,
Igname Igname-bamboche ouaoua, Wa-wa (Lesser Antilles),
Yam jaune, Yam martinique (Haiti), Yampie, Indian yam
Bejuco de guaraguo, Gúayaro, Ñame de la India, Ñame gulembo
(Jamaica), Cush-cush yam, Igname bonda, Igname cousse-couche
(Puerto Rico), Wild yam (Virgin Islands).
(Lesser Antilles), Mapuey, Ñame mapuey, Ñame morado, Ñame
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 32, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 340, 350,
vino, Yampee (Puerto Rico).
565.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 32, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 340.
Rajania cordata L. var. cymulifera Uline ex Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Dioscorea triphylla L. = Dioscorea pentaphylla L.
Berlin-Dahlem 7: 220. 1917.
Dioscorea villosa L., Sp. Pl. 1033. 1753. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Dioscorea bulbifera sensu authors, non L. Reference: 565.
Dioscorea lutea sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 588. 1864, non G. Mey.
Rajania cordata L. var. microcarpa Uline ex Knuth = Rajania cordata L.
Dioscorea sativa L., Sp. Pl. 1033. 1753.
var. cordata
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Lesser Antilles (Antigua); native to
North America. Rajania cubensis Kunth = Rajania quinquefolia L.
References: 3, 30, 36, 147. Rajania cyclophylla (Urb.) R. Knuth = Rajania cordata L. var. cordata
Dioscorea wrightii Uline ex R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin- Rajania ekmanii R. Knuth, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 80.
Dahlem 7: 208. 1917. 1925.
Dioscorea herradurensis (R. Knuth) P. Wilson ex León & Alain, Contr. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 8: 321. 1946; References: 3, 147, 565.
Rajania herradurensis R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-
Dahlem 7: 222. 1917. Rajania flexuosa Bello = Dioscorea alata L.
Rajania hastata L., Sp. Pl. 1032. 1753. Rajania wilsoniana C.V. Morton, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 46: 85. 1933.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Common Names: Bejuco de ñame, Calzoncillo, Guanbanza, Ñame Hispaniola.
mambi (Dominican Republic), Liomechotte (Haiti). Common Names: Ñame cimarrón, Ñame de monte (Cuba), Catyame,
References: 3, 5, 30, 132, 147, 565. Ñame cimarrón (Dominican Republic), Igname chat, Liane chatte,
Liomechotte (Haiti).
Rajania hastata sensu Kunth = Rajania cordata L. var. cordata
References: 3, 5, 30, 147, 565.
Rajania hermannii R. Knuth = Rajania cephalocarpa Uline ex R. Knuth
Rajania sintenisii Uline = Rajania cordata L. var. cordata
Rajania herradurensis R. Knuth = Dioscorea wrightii Uline ex R. Knuth
Rajania spiculiflora Uline ex R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-
Rajania linearis R.A. Howard = Dioscorea nipensis R.A. Howard Dahlem 7: 219. 1917.
Rajania marginata R. Knuth = Rajania spiculiflora Uline ex R. Knuth Rajania marginata R. Knuth, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 38: 121.
1935.
Rajania microphylla Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 451. 1850. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Rajania bahamensis R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: References: 5, 30, 147, 565.
220. 1917.
Rajania prestoniensis R. Knuth in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 43 Rajania tenella R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 119. 1947.
(Heft 87): 337. 1924. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Rajania hastata sensu Correll & Correll, Fl. Bahama Archip. 332. 1982. References: 3, 147, 565.
Rajania urbaniana R. Knuth Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 220. Rajania tenuiflora R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 219.
1917. 1917.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba. Rajania baracoensis R. Kunth in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 43 (Heft
Common Names: Small rajania, Wild yam (Bahamas), Ñame cimarrón, 87): 333. 1924.
Ñame de monte (Cuba). Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
References: 3, 45, 147, 565. References: 3, 5, 147, 565.
Rajania minutiflora Uline = Rajania angustifolia Sw. Rajania theresensis Uline ex R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-
Rajania mucronata Willd. = Rajania quinquefolia L. Dahlem 7: 221. 1917.
Rajania nipensis R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 117. 1947. References: 3, 147, 565.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Note: Known only from fragmentary material
References: 3, 147, 149, 565.
Rajania urbaniana R. Knuth = Rajania microphylla Kunth
Rajania ovata Sw., Prodr. 59. 1788.
Dioscorea haitiensis R. Knuth, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 6. 1926. Rajania venosa R. Knuth = Rajania cordata L. var. cordata
Rajania ovata Sw. var. ehrenbergii R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin- Rajania wilsoniana C.V. Morton = Rajania quinquefolia L.
Dahlem 7: 219. 1917.
Rajania wrightii Uline ex R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem
7: 221. 1917.
Hispaniola.
Common Names: Ñame cimarrón (Dominican Republic), Igname chat,
Common Name: Patico blanco (Cuba).
Yam chatte (Haiti).
References: 3, 5, 30, 147.
Rajania ovata sensu authors = Rajania cordata L. var. cordata
Rajania ovata Sw. var. ehrenbergii R. Knuth = Rajania ovata Sw. DIPSACACEAE
Rajania pilifera Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 17. 1921. Genera. Total: 1; native: 0; endemic: 0.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Taxa. Total: 1; native: 0; endemic: 0.
Rajania pleioneura Griseb. = Rajania cordata L. var. cordata Scabiosa japonica Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 114. 1867.
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola.
Rajania porulosa R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 221. Reference: 7.
1917.
Rajania linearis R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 118. 1947.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Droseraceae
Rajania prestoniensis R. Knuth = Rajania microphylla Kunth Genera. Total: 2; native: 1; endemic: 0.
Rajania psilostachya (Kunth) Uline ex R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin-Dahlem 7: 218. 1917; Helmia psilostachya Kunth, Enum. Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis, St. James Chron. Brit. Eve. Post 1172: [4].
Pl. 5: 429. 1850. 1768.
Dioscorea ekmanii R. Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 191. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to United States (NC).
1917. Reference: 2.
References: 3, 147, 565. Drosera brevifolia Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 211. 1813 [“1814”].
Distribution: Native to Cuba, United States, Mexico, and South America.
Rajania quinquefolia L., Sp. Pl. 1032. 1753. References: 3, 151, 173.
Rajania cubensis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 6: 446. 1850.
Rajania mucronata Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 787. 1806. Drosera capillaris Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 299. 1804.
number 9 8 • 305
Drosera tenella Willd. ex Schult., Syst. Veg. 6: 763. 1820. Distribution: Endemic to the West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, and
Drosera communis A. St.-Hil. var. breviscapa C. Wright ex Griseb., Hispaniola.
Cat. Pl. Cub. 12. 1866. Common Names: Boa-wood, Feather-bed (Bahamas).
Drosera rotundifolia sensu León & Alain, Fl. Cuba 2: 210. 1951, non L. References: 3, 30, 45, 151, 159, 254.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Diospyros crassinervis (Krug & Urb.) Standl. subsp. kubal B. Walln.,
Trinidad, United States, Mexico, and Central America. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 108B: 222. 2007.
Common Name: Sundew (Jamaica). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Drosera communis A. St.-Hil. var. breviscapa C. Wright ex Griseb. = Diospyros crassinervis (Krug & Urb.) Standl. subsp. urbaniana
Drosera capillaris Poir. (Leonard) Alain, Phytologia 63: 65. 1987; Maba urbaniana
Drosera intermedia Hayne, J. Bot. (Schrader) 1: 37. 1801. Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 414. 1924.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, North America, and South Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 3, 7, 151, 156, 173. Diospyros discolor Willd. = Diospyros blancoi A. DC.
Drosera moaensis Panfet, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 12: 27. Diospyros domingensis (Urb.) Alain, Brittonia 20: 154. 1968; Maba
1993 [“1991”]. domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 328. 1912.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Diospyros leonardii (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Brittonia 20: 154. 1968;
References: 39, 173. Maba leonardii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 100. 1930.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Cuba (39). References: 5, 7, 30, 149, 152.
Drosera rotundifolia sensu León & Alain = Drosera capillaris Poir. Diospyros ebenaster Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 31. 1789.
Drosera tenella Willd. ex Schult. = Drosera capillaris Poir. Diospyros laurifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
86. 1850.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native India and Indonesia.
Ebenaceae Diospyros ebenaster sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Diospyros revoluta Poir.
Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0. Diospyros grisebachii (Hiern) Standl., Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash.
Taxa. Total: 18; native: 17; endemic: 13. 461(4): 80. 1935; Maba grisebachii Hiern, Trans. Cambridge
Philos. Soc. 12: 125. 1873.
Cavanillea philippensis Desr. = Diospyros blancoi A. DC. Macreightia buxifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 169. 1866, non Diospyros
buxifolia Hiern, 1873.
Diospyros acunae Bisse, Mem. Fac. Ci. Univ. Habana 1(6): Ser. Ci. Biol.
2: 2. 1968.
Common Name: Ébano negro (Cuba).
Reference: 149.
Diospyros halesioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 168. 1866.
Diospyros anisandra S.F. Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 34: 44. 1921.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and Yucatan, Mexico.
Common Names: Ébano blanco, Guazumilla, Güirilla (Cuba).
References: 3, 77.
Reference: 3.
Diospyros blancoi A.DC., Prodr. 8: 237. 1844.
Diospyros inconstans Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 34. 1760; Maba inconstans
Diospyros discolor Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1108. 1806.
(Jacq.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 404. 1861.
Diospyros philippensis (Desr.) Gürke in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl,
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenadines), Margarita,
Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(1): 164. 1891; Cavanillea philippensis Desr.
Tobago, Trinidad, and South America.
in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 663. 1792.
References: 1, 36, 151, 301, 323.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and Puerto Rico; native to Asia and
Malesia. Diospyros laurifolia A. Rich. = Diospyros ebenaster Retz.
Common Name: Mabolo (Cuba, Puerto Rico). Diospyros leonardii (Urb. & Ekman) Alain = Diospyros domingensis
References: 3, 30, 61, 151, 159, 224, 376. (Urb.) Alain
Diospyros leonis (Britton & P. Wilson) Standley, Publ. Carnegie Inst.
Diospyros caribaea (A. DC.) Standl., Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 461(4): Wash. 461: 80. 1935; Maba leonis Britton & P. Wilson, Bull.
80. 1935; Macreightia caribaea A. DC., Prodr. 8: 221. 1844; Torrey Bot. Club 53: 462. 1926.
Ebenus caribaea (A. DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 408. 1891; Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Maba caribaea (A. DC.) Hiern, Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 12: References: 3, 134, 149, 152.
125. 1873.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Diospyros oxycarpa (Urb.) Alain, Brittonia 20: 154. 1968; Maba
Hispaniola. oxycarpa Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 101. 1930.
Common Name: Bois raide (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Diospyros crassinervis (Krug & Urb.) Standl., Publ. Carnegie Inst. Diospyros philippensis (Desr.) Gürke = Diospyros blancoi A. DC.
Wash. 461(4): 80. 1935, subsp. crassinervis; Maba caribaea Diospyros relit B. Walln., Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 106: 246.
(A. DC.) Hiern var. crassinervis Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Bot. 2005.
Jahrb. Syst. 15: 327. 1892; Maba crassinervis (Krug & Urb.) Urb., Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Symb. Antill. 7: 329. 1912. Reference: 152.
Diospyros revoluta Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 5: 435. 1804. Common Names: Cacaíllo, Cacao cimarrón (Dominican Republic),
Diospyros ebenaster sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Bullwood, Châtaignier petit coco, Cocoyer, Petit coco (Lesser
Virgin Islands 6: 74. 1925, non Retz. Antilles), Cacaíllo, Cacao roseta, Cacao motillo, Cacaotillo,
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Motillo, Roseta (Puerto Rico).
Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, References: 1, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 340.
Montserrat, St. Lucia). Sloanea caribaea Krug & Urb. ex Duss., Fl. Phan. Antill. Franc. 90.
Common Names: Ebano (Dominican Republic), Barabacoa, Barbara, 1897.
Black apple, Bois-nigresse (Lesser Antilles), Guayabota, Zapote Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
negro (Puerto Rico). Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent) and South America.
References: 1, 7, 30, 58, 61, 351. Common Names: Acomat-boucan, Châtaignier, Châtaignier petite
Diospyros sintenisii (Krug & Urb.) Standl., Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. feuille, Châtaignier ‘ti fay (Lesser Antilles).
461(4): 80. 1935; Maba sintenisii Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Bot. Reference: 1.
Jahrb. Syst. 15: 327. 1893. Sloanea castor Urb. & Ekman = Sloanea ilicifolia Urb.
Common Names: Guayabota, Guayabota níspero, Tabeiba (Puerto Rico). Sloanea curatellifolia Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 164. 1860.
References: 58, 61, 149, 152. Sloanea longiseta C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 30. 1866.
Diospyros tetrasperma Sw., Prodr. 62. 1788. Common Names: Achiote, Achotillo, Chicharrón, Cresta de gallo,
Diospyros tetrasperma Sw. var. pisocarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 455. Cocuyo, Guayo, Pito (Cuba).
1901. References: 3, 132, 178.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, and
Central America. Sloanea dentata L., Sp. Pl. 512. 1753.
Common Names: Ébano carbonero, Ébano real (Cuba), Ebano Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
(Dominican Republic), Bois raide (Haiti), Clamberry (Jamaica). Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia).
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 123, 131, 151. Common Names: Balai velu, Burrwood, Châtaignier grandes feuilles,
Petit balai, Petit balai velu (Lesser Antilles).
Diospyros tetrasperma Sw. var. pisocarpa Urb. = Diospyros Reference: 1.
tetrasperma Sw.
Sloanea domingensis Urb. = Sloanea amygdalina Griseb.
Ebenus caribaea (A. DC.) Kuntze = Diospyros caribaea (A. DC.) Standl.
Sloanea dussii Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 361. 1899.
Maba caribaea (A. DC.) Hiern = Diospyros caribaea (A. DC.) Standl. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique).
Maba caribaea (A. DC.) Hiern var. crassinervis Krug & Urb. = Common Names: Petiti coco, Châtaignier coco, Châtaignier petit coco
Diospyros crassinervis (Krug & Urb.) Standl. subsp. crassinervis (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 30.
Maba crassinervis (Krug & Urb.) Urb. = Diospyros crassinervis (Krug
& Urb.) Standl. subsp. crassinervis Sloanea ilicifolia Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 365. 1922.
Sloanea castor Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 26. 1929.
Maba inconstans (Jacq.) Griseb. = Diospyros inconstans Jacq.
Maba inconstans sensu Bello = Guatteria blainii (Griseb.) Urb. Puerto Rico.
(Annonaceae) Common Names: Castor, Chicharrón (Dominican Republic), Chapeau
Maba leonardii Urb. & Ekman = Diospyros domingensis (Urb.) Alain cané, Chapeau carré, Chapeau chinois (Haiti).
References: 5, 7, 123, 254.
Maba oxycarpa Urb. = Diospyros oxycarpa (Urb.) Alain
Sloanea jamaicensis Hook., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 7: t. 693-696. 1844.
Macreightia buxifolia Griseb. = Diospyros grisebachii (Hiern) Standl. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Macreightia caribaea A. DC. = Diospyros caribaea (A. DC.) Standl. Common Names: Break-axe tree, Lignum durum (Jamaica).
Reference: 2.
Sloanea longiseta C. Wright ex Griseb. = Sloanea curatellifolia Griseb.
Elaeocarpaceae
Sloanea massoni Sw., Prodr. 82. 1788.
Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0. Sloanea truncata Urb., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 26. 1921.
Taxa. Total: 19; native: 19; endemic: 8. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Vincent).
Sloanea amygdalina Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 165. 1860. Common Names: Bullet tree, Burrwood, Châtaignier, Châtaignier
Sloanea domingensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 140. 1919. grande feuille, Châtaignier petite feuille, Chatonier, Ironwood,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Petit coco, Red santinee (Lesser Antilles).
and Puerto Rico. Reference: 1.
Common Names: Berijúa, Cocuyo, Cogote de toro, Cresta de gallo,
Juba blanca, Pito (Cuba), Chicharrón (Dominican Republic), Sloanea truncata Urb. = Sloanea massoni Sw.
Acomat, Bois coq, Chapeau carré, Comat (Haiti).
References: 3, 5, 7, 39, 58.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Elatinaceae
Cuba (39).
Sloanea berteroana Choisy ex DC., Prodr. 1: 516. 1824.
Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Bergia capensis L., Mant. Pl. 1: 241. 1767.
Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitts). Bergia sessiliflora Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 40. 1866.
number 9 8 • 307
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, South America, and Africa. Gonocalyx portoricensis (Urb.) A.C. Sm., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 28:
References: 3, 5, 7. 354. 1932; Thibaudia portoricensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 376.
1899; Ceratostema portoricensis (Urb.) Hoerold, Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
Bergia sessiliflora Griseb. = Bergia capensis L.
42: 276. 1909.
Elatine triandra Schkuhr var. haitiensis Monach., Phytologia 5: 231. 1955. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Type Haiti. Holdridge 1875 (Holotype: US; Isotypes: MO, NY). References: 30, 32, 58, 61, 149, 152.
Distribution: Endemic in Hispaniola (Haiti).
Gonocalyx smilacifolius (Griseb.) A.C. Sm., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
Reference: 7.
28: 354. 1932; Vaccinium smilacifolius Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 144.
1859.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe).
Ericaceae
References: 1, 36.
Genera. Total: 12; native: 12; endemic: 0. Gonocalyx tetrapterus Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 140.
Taxa. Total: 55; native: 53; endemic: 50. 1971.
Andromeda cubensis Griseb. = Pieris cubensis (Griseb.) Small Reference: 7.
Andromeda fasciculata Sw. = Lyonia jamaicensis (Sw.) D. Don Hornemannia alainii Acuña & Roig = Symphysia alainii (Acuña &
Andromeda glandulosa (A. Rich.) C. Wright = Lyonia glandulosa Roig) Berazaín
(A. Rich.) Griseb. var. glandulosa Hornemannia racemosa Vahl = Vaccinium racemosum (Vahl) Wilbur &
Andromeda glandulosa (A. Rich.) C. Wright var. ovalifolia (Griseb.) Luteyn
M. Gómez = Lyonia myrtilloides Griseb. Kalmia aggregata (Small) H.F. Copel. = Kalmia ericoides C. Wright ex
Andromeda jamaicensis Sw. = Lyonia jamaicensis (Sw.) D. Don Griseb. var. aggregata (Small) Ebinger
Andromeda jamaicensis Sw. var. myrsinifolia (A. Rich.) M. Gómez = Kalmia ericoides C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 51. 1866, var.
Lyonia affinis (A. Rich.) Urb. ericoides; Chamaedaphne ericoides (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze,
Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 388. 1891; Kalmiella ericoides (C. Wright ex
Andromeda lacustris C. Wright = Lyonia lucida (Lam.) K. Koch Griseb.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29(1): 54. 1914.
Andromeda latifolia (A. Rich.) C. Wright = Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Kalmia simulata (Britton & P. Wilson) Southall, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci.
Griseb. var. latifolia Soc. 90: 22. 1974; Kalmiella simulata Britton & P. Wilson, Mem.
Andromeda lucida Lam. = Lyonia lucida (Lam.) K. Koch
Andromeda obtusa (Griseb.) C. Wright = Lyonia obtusa Griseb. References: 3, 39, 101, 156, 206.
Andromeda octandra Sw. = Lyonia octandra (Sw.) Griseb. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Andromeda rubiginosa Pers. = Lyonia rubiginosa (Pers.) G. Don
Kalmia ericoides C. Wright ex Griseb. var. aggregata (Small) Ebinger,
Bejaria cubensis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 52. 1866. Rhodora 76: 389. 1974; Kalmiella aggregata Small, N. Amer. Fl.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 29(1): 54. 1914; Kalmia aggregata (Small) H.F. Copel., Amer.
References: 3, 101, 206. Midl. Naturalist 30: 571. 1943.
Brossaea anastomosans (L.) Griseb. = Gaultheria domingensis Urb. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 39, 101, 156, 206.
Cassandra jamaicensis (Sw.) Nied. = Lyonia jamaicensis (Sw.) D. Don
Ceratostema portoricensis (Urb.) Hoerold = Gonocalyx portoricensis Cuba (39).
(Urb.) A.C. Sm.
Kalmia simulata (Britton & P. Wilson) Southall = Kalmia ericoides
Chimaphila domingensis S.F. Blake = Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P.C. C. Wright ex Griseb. var. ericoides
Barton subsp. domingensis (S.F. Blake) Dorr
Kalmiella aggregata Small = Kalmia ericoides C. Wright ex Griseb. var.
Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P.C. Barton subsp. domingensis (S.F. aggregata (Small) Ebinger
Blake) Dorr, Sida 11: 370. 1986; Chimaphila domingensis S.F.
Kalmiella ericoides (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Small = Kalmia ericoides
Blake, J. Bot. 52: 169. 1914.
C. Wright ex Griseb. var. ericoides
References: 7, 101, 151. Kalmiella simulata Britton & P. Wilson = Kalmia ericoides C. Wright ex
Griseb. var. ericoides
Desmothamnus lucidus (Lam.) Small = Lyonia lucida (Lam.) K. Koch
Leucothoe affinis A. Rich. = Lyonia affinis (A. Rich.) Urb.
Gaultheria domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 329. 1902.
Brossaea anastomosans (L.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 142. 1859, nom. illeg. Leucothoe glandulosa A. Rich. = Lyonia glandulosa (A. Rich.) Griseb.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola and Lesser var. glandulosa
Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique); reported for Leucothoe jamaicensis (Sw.) Ettingsh. = Lyonia jamaicensis (Sw.) D. Don
Trinidad by Grisebach (36).
Common Names: Niquivá (Dominican Republic), Myrtille des hauts, Leucothoe latifolia A. Rich. = Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. var.
Myrtille (Lesser Antilles). latifolia
References: 1, 5, 7, 36, 101, 286. Leucothoe myrsinefolia A. Rich. = Lyonia affinis (A. Rich.) Urb.
Gonocalyx concolor Nevling, J. Arnold Arbor. 51: 222. 1970. Lyonia acutata Urb. = Lyonia affinis (A. Rich.) Urb.
Lyonia acutifolia Urb. & Ekman = Lyonia stahlii Urb. var. costata
(Urb.) Judd
Lyonia affinis (A. Rich.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 44. References: 3, 39, 101, 156, 206, 427.
1925; Leucothoe affinis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Bot. 11: 74. 1850; Xolisma affinis (A. Rich.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. Cuba (39) and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
29(1): 69. 1914. Species.
Leucothoe myrsinefolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. Lyonia furcyensis Urb. = Lyonia truncata Urb. var. truncata
11: 74. 1850; Lyonia jamaicensis (Sw.) D. Don var. myrsinefolia
(A. Rich.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 50. 1866; Andromeda jamaicensis Lyonia glandulosa (A. Rich.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 51. 1866, var.
Sw. var. myrsinifolia (A. Rich.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. glandulosa; Leucothoe glandulosa A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist.
Nat. 19: 250. 1890; Xolisma myrsinefolia (A. Rich.) Small, N. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 74. 1850; Andromeda glandulosa (A. Rich.)
Amer. Fl. 29(1): 68. 1914; Lyonia myrsinefolia (A. Rich.) Urb., C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 6: 249.
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 45. 1925. 1870.
Lyonia acutata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 44. 1925. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Lyonia bayamoensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 43. 1925. References: 3, 101, 206.
Lyonia papayoensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 44. 1925. Lyonia glandulosa (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp. revolutifolia (Judd) Borhidi
Xolisma brittonii Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29(1): 71. 1914; Lyonia brittonii = Lyonia glandulosa (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. glandulosa
(Small) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 41. 1925.
Lyonia glandulosa (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. revolutifolia Judd, J. Arnold
Arbor. 62: 402. 1981; Lyonia glandulosa (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp.
References: 3, 39, 101, 206.
revolutifolia (Judd) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 189. 1983.
Cuba (39).
Lyonia alainii Judd, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 346. 1981.
Lyonia glandulosa (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. toaensis (Acuña & Roig)
Berazaín, Feddes Repert. 96: 644. 1985; Lyonia toaensis Acuña &
References: 7, 101.
Roig, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 5.
Lyonia alpina Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 53. 1927. 1956.
Xolisma orbiculata Sleumer, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 272. 1934; Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Lyonia orbiculata (Sleumer) Jiménez, Rhodora 62: 237. 1960. References: 3, 39, 101, 156, 206.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
References: 7, 101, 152, 286. Cuba (39).
Lyonia angulata Urb. & Ekman = Lyonia stahlii Urb. var. costata (Urb.) Lyonia haitiensis Urb. = Lyonia truncata Urb. var. truncata
Judd
Lyonia heptamera Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 376. 1899.
Lyonia bayamoensis Urb. = Lyonia affinis (A. Rich.) Urb. Lyonia dictyoneura Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 553. 1913.
Lyonia brachycarpa Urb. & Ekman = Lyonia truncata Urb. var. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
truncata References: 5, 7, 30, 101.
Lyonia brachytricha Urb. = Lyonia macrophylla (Britton) Ekman ex Urb. Lyonia jamaicensis (Sw.) D. Don, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 17: 159.
1834; Andromeda jamaicensis Sw., Prodr. 73. 1788; Cassandra
Lyonia brittonii (Small) Urb. = Lyonia affinis (A. Rich.) Urb. jamaicensis (Sw.) Nied., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 11: 184. 1889;
Lyonia buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 515. 1921. Leucothoe jamaicensis (Sw.) Ettingsh., Blatt-Shel. Dikotyl. 93.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. 1861.
References: 7, 101. Andromeda fasciculata Sw., Prodr. 73. 1788; Lyonia fasciculata (Sw.)
G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 831. 1834.
Lyonia calycosa (Small) Urb. = Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. var.
Andromeda jamaicensis C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
calycosa (Small) Judd.
Méd. Habana 6: 250. 1870, nom. illeg.
Lyonia clementis Acuña & Roig = Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
var. latifolia References: 2, 101, 151, 152, 427.
Lyonia costata Urb. = Lyonia stahlii Urb. var. costata (Urb.) Judd Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species.
Lyonia darrasiana Urb. & Ekman = Lyonia stahlii Urb. var. costata
(Urb.) Judd Lyonia jamaicensis (Sw.) D. Don var. myrsinefolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. =
Lyonia affinis (A. Rich.) Urb.
Lyonia densiflora Urb. = Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. latifolia
Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp. calycosa (Small) Borhidi =
Lyonia dictyoneura Urb. = Lyonia heptamera Urb. Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. calycosa (Small) Judd.
Lyonia eggersii Urb. = Lyonia tuerckheimii Urb. Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 51. 1866, var.
Lyonia ekmanii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 45. 1925. latifolia; Leucothoe latifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cuba, Bot. 11: 74. 1850; Andromeda latifolia (A. Rich.) C. Wright
References: 3, 39, 101, 206. in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 6: 250. 1870;
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Xolisma latifolia (A. Rich.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29(1): 70. 1914.
Cuba (39). Lyonia clementis Acuña & Roig, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
“De La Salle” 15: 4. 1956.
Lyonia elata Urb. = Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. calycosa
Lyonia densiflora Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 42. 1925.
(Small) Judd.
Xolisma turquini Small, J. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 92. 1922; Lyonia
Lyonia elliptica (Small) Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 13: 61. 1956; turquini (Small) Ekman ex Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22:
Xolisma elliptica Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29(1): 68. 1914. 42. 1925.
number 9 8 • 309
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Name: Cereza de sabana (Cuba).

Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. calycosa (Small) Judd, J. Arnold Lyonia myrtilloides Griseb. var. ovalifolia Griseb. = Lyonia myrtilloides
Arbor. 62: 396. 1981; Xolisma calycosa Small, N. Amer. Fl. Griseb.
29(1): 67. 1914; Lyonia calycosa (Small) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Lyonia myrtilloides Griseb. var. parvifolia Griseb. = Lyonia myrtilloides
Regni Veg. 22: 42. 1925; Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp. Griseb.
calycosa (Small) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 189. 1983.
Lyonia elata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 41. 1925. Lyonia nipensis Urb. subsp. depressinerva (Judd) Borhidi = Lyonia
Lyonia leonis Acuña & Roig, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio nipensis Urb. var. depressinerva Judd
“De La Salle” 15: 4. 1956. Lyonia nipensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 47. 1925, var.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. nipensis
References: 3, 101, 156, 206. Lyonia libanensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 43. 1925.
Lyonia leonis Acuña & Roig = Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
calycosa (Small) Judd. References: 3, 101, 206.
Lyonia libanensis Urb. = Lyonia nipensis Urb. var. nipensis Lyonia nipensis Urb. var. depressinerva Judd, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 379.
1981; Lyonia nipensis Urb. subsp. depressinerva (Judd) Borhidi,
Lyonia lippoldii Berazaín & Bisse = Lyonia obtusa Griseb. Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 189. 1983.
Lyonia longipes Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 22. 1922; Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Lyonia obtusa Urb. var. longipes (Urb.) Judd, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: References: 39, 101, 156, 206.
References: 3, 39, 101, 206. Lyonia oblongata Urb. = Lyonia obtusa Griseb.
Cuba (39). Lyonia obtusa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 51. 1866; Andromeda obtusa
(Griseb.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Lyonia lucida (Lam.) K. Koch, Dendrologie 2(1): 118. 1872; Habana 6: 250. 1870; Xolisma obtusa (Griseb.) Small, N. Amer.
Andromeda lucida Lam., Encycl. 1: 157. 1783; Desmothamnus Fl. 29(1): 69. 1914.
lucidus (Lam.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29(1): 64. 1914. Lyonia lippoldii Berazaín & Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ.
Andromeda lacustris C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 8(2): 3. 1987.
Habana 6: 250. 1870. Lyonia oblongata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 47. 1925.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and southeastern United States. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Lyonia macrophylla (Britton) Ekman ex Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Veg. 22: 42. 1925; Xolisma macrophylla Britton, N. Amer. Fl. Cuba (39).
29(1): 70. 1914. Lyonia obtusa Urb. var. longipes (Urb.) Judd = Lyonia longipes Urb.
Lyonia barchytricha Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 21. 1922.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Lyonia octandra (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 142. 1859; Andromeda
References: 3, 101, 206, 156. octandra Sw., Prodr. 73. 1788.
Lyonia maestrensis Acuña & Roig, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. References: 2, 101, 427.
Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 5. 1956. Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Species.
References: 3, 39, 101, 206, 427.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Lyonia orbiculata (Sleumer) J. Jiménez Alm. = Lyonia alpina Urb. &
Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Ekman
Lyonia microcarpa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 36. 1926. Lyonia papayoensis Urb. = Lyonia affinis (A. Rich.) Urb.
Xolisma apiculata Sleumer, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 270. 1934. Lyonia plumieri Urb. & Ekman = Lyonia truncata Urb. var. truncata
Lyonia rubiginosa (Pers.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 3: 831. 1834; Andromeda
References: 7, 101.
rubiginosa Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 48. 1805; Xolisma rubiginosa (Pers.)
Lyonia montecristina Urb. & Ekman = Lyonia truncata Urb. var. Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29(1): 68. 1914.
montecristina (Urb. & Ekman) Judd Distribution: Endemic to Virgin Islands (St. Thomas).
Lyonia myrsinifolia (A. Rich.) Urb. = Lyonia affinis (A. Rich.) Urb. References: 58, 61, 101, 151.
Lyonia myrtilloides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 50. 1866; Xolisma Lyonia rubiginosa (Pers.) G. Don subsp. costata (Urb.) Borhidi =
myrtilloides (Griseb.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29(1): 67. 1914. Lyonia stahlii Urb. var. costata (Urb.) Judd
Lyonia myrtilloides Griseb. var. ovalifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 51. Lyonia rubiginosa (Pers.) G. Don subsp. stahlii (Urb.) Borhidi = Lyonia
1866; Andromeda glandulosa (A. Rich.) C. Wright var. ovalifolia stahlii Urb. var. stahlii
(Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 250. 1890.
Lyonia rubiginosa (Pers.) G. Don var. costata (Urb.) Judd = Lyonia
Lyonia myrtilloides Griseb. var. parvifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 51.
stahlii Urb. var. costata (Urb.) Judd
1866.
Xolisma vaccinioides Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29(1): 68. 1914; Lyonia Lyonia rubiginosa (Pers.) G. Don var. stahlii (Urb.) Judd = Lyonia
vaccinioides (Small) Acuña & Roig, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. stahlii Urb. var. stahlii
Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 5. 1956. Lyonia stahlii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 543. 1908, var. stahlii; Lyonia
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. rubiginosa (Pers.) G. Don var. stahlii (Urb.) Judd, J. Arnold Arbor.
62: 355. 1981; Lyonia rubiginosa (Pers.) G. Don subsp. stahlii Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
(Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 188. 1983; Xolisma stahlii References: 7, 101.
(Urb.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29(1): 71. 1914. Lyonia vaccinioides (Small) Acuña & Roig = Lyonia myrtilloides Griseb.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Thomas).
References: 61, 101, 156. Pieris cubensis (Griseb.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29(1): 63. 1914;
Andromeda cubensis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 51. 1866.
Lyonia stahlii Urb. var. costata (Urb.) Judd, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
66: 263. 1995; Lyonia costata Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 316. 1912; Common Name: Clavellina (Cuba).
Lyonia rubiginosa (Pers.) G. Don subsp. costata (Urb.) Borhidi, References: 3, 39, 101, 206.
Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 188. 1983; Lyonia rubiginosa (Pers.) G. Don Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
var. costata (Urb.) Judd, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 354. 1981. Cuba (39).
Lyonia acutifolia Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 35. 1926.
Lyonia angulata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 35. 1926. Pseudogonocalyx paradoxa Bisse & Berazaín = Schoepfia paradoxa
Lyonia darrasiana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 52. 1927. (Bisse & Berazaín) Berazaín ex Acev.-Rodr. (Olacaceae)
Xolisma longelaminata Sleumer, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 271. Sophoclesia domingensis Urb. & Ekman = Sphyrospermum cordifolium
1934. Benth.
Sophoclesia trinitensis Britton = Sphyrospermum cordifolium Benth.
Sphyrospermum cordifolium Benth., Pl. Hartw. 222. 1846.
Lyonia tinensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 533. 1913.
Sophoclesia domingensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 54. 1927.
Xolisma pseudotinensis Sleumer, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36:
Sophoclesia trinitensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 335. 1922.
272. 1934.
Sphyrospermum majus Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 143. 1859.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Mexico, Trinidad, and South
America.
Lyonia tippenhaueri Urb. = Lyonia truncata Urb. var. truncata References: 5, 7, 36, 134.
Lyonia toaensis Acuña & Roig = Lyonia glandulosa (A. Rich.) Griseb. Sphyrospermum majus Griseb. = Sphyrospermum cordifolium Benth.
var. toaensis (Acuña & Roig) Berazaín
Symphysia alainii (Acuña & Roig) Berazaín, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac.
Lyonia trinidadensis Judd, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 365. 1981. Univ. Habana 4(3): 5. 1983 [“1984”]; Vaccinium alainii Acuña
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. & Roig, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 15:
References: 39, 101, 156, 206. 3. 1956; Hornemannia alainii Acuña & Roig, Contr. Ocas. Mus.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 4. 1956.
Lyonia truncata Urb. subsp. montecristina (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi = References: 3, 156, 206, 286.
Lyonia truncata Urb. var. montecristina (Urb. & Ekman) Judd Symphysia racemosa (Vahl) Stearn = Vaccinium racemosum (Vahl)
Lyonia truncata Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 318. 1912, var. truncata Wilbur & Luteyn
Lyonia brachycarpa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 34. 1926. Thibaudia cubensis A. Rich. = Vaccinium cubense (A. Rich.) Griseb.
Lyonia furcyensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 193. 1922. var. cubense
Lyonia haitiensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 514. 1921.
Thibaudia domingensis Urb. = Vaccinium racemosum (Vahl) Wilbur &
Lyonia plumieri Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 53. 1927 [as plumerii].
Luteyn
Lyonia tippenhaueri Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 515. 1921.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Thibaudia krugii Urb. & Hoerold = Vaccinium racemosum (Vahl)
References: 5, 7, 30, 101. Wilbur & Luteyn
Lyonia truncata Urb. var. montecristina (Urb. & Ekman) Judd, J. Arnold Thibaudia portoricensis Urb. = Gonocalyx portoricensis (Urb.) A.C. Sm.
Arbor. 62: 344. 1981; Lyonia montecristina Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Vaccinium alainii Acuña & Roig = Symphysia alainii (Acuña & Roig)
Bot. 24A(4): 33. 1931; Lyonia truncata Urb. subsp. montecristina Berazaín
(Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 188. 1983.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Vaccinium assimile C. Wright = Ouratea elliptica (A. Rich.) M. Gómez
References: 7, 101. (Ochnaceae)
Lyonia truncata Urb. var. proctorii Judd, J. Arnold Arbor. 71: 129. Vaccinium bissei Berazaín, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 10(2):
1990. 215. 1990 [“1989”].
Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Lyonia tuerckheimii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 317. 1912.
Lyonia eggersii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 534. 1913. Vaccinium cubense (A. Rich.) Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 171. 1860, var.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. cubense; Thibaudia cubana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis.
References: 7, 30, 101. Cuba, Bot. 11: 73. 1850.
Lyonia turquini (Small) Ekman ex Urb. = Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Hispaniola.
Griseb. var. latifolia References: 3, 7, 151, 206.
Lyonia urbaniana (Sleumer) J. Jiménez Alm., Rhodora 62: 237. 1960; Vaccinium cubense (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. giganteum (Bisse) Berazaín,
Xolisma urbaniana Sleumer, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 10(2): 217. 1990 [“1989”];
273. 1934. Vaccinium giganteum Bisse, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 2: 16. 1975.
number 9 8 • 311
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Xolisma myrsinifolia (A. Rich.) Small = Lyonia affinis (A. Rich.) Urb.
Reference: 206. Xolisma myrtilloides (Griseb.) Small = Lyonia myrtilloides Griseb.
Vaccinium cubense (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp. ramonii (Griseb.) Borhidi Xolisma obtusa (Griseb.) Small = Lyonia obtusa Griseb.
& O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 62: 26. 1975; Vaccinium ramonii
Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 52. 1866. Xolisma orbiculata Sleumer = Lyonia alpina Urb. & Ekman
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Xolisma pseudotinensis Sleumer = Lyonia tinensis Urb.
References: 3, 149.
Xolisma rubiginosa (Pers.) Small = Lyonia rubiginosa (Pers.) G. Don
Vaccinium ekmanii Berazaín, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana
Xolisma stahlii (Urb.) Small = Lyonia stahlii Urb. var. stahlii
10(2): 218. 1990 [“1989”].
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Xolisma turquini Small = Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. latifolia
References: 8, 149. Xolisma urbaniana Sleumer = Lyonia urbaniana (Sleumer) J. Jiménez Alm.
Vaccinium giganteum Bisse = Vaccinium cubense (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. Xolisma vaccinioides Small = Lyonia myrtilloides Griseb.
giganteum (Bisse) Berazaín
Vaccinium latifolium Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 575. 1876.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Margarita, Trinidad, Eriocaulaceae
and South America.
References: 1, 151, 301, 323. Genera. Total: 5; native: 5; endemic: 0.
Vaccinium leonis Acuña & Roig, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
“De La Salle” 15: 3. 1956. Dupatya montana Britton = Paepalanthus pungens Griseb.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Dupatya pungens (Griseb.) Britton = Paepalanthus pungens Griseb.
References: 3, 206.
Eriocaulon arenicola Britton & Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 31.
Vaccinium meridionale Sw., Prodr. 62. 1788. 1917.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to South America. Eriocaulon olivaceum Moldenke, N. Amer. Fl. 19(1): 22. 1937.
Common Name: Bilberry (Jamaica). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Vaccinium racemosum (Vahl) Wilbur & Luteyn, Brittonia 29: 275. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
1977; Hornemannia racemosa Vahl, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 6: 120. Cuba (39).
1810; Symphysia racemosa (Vahl) Stearn, Taxon 21: 111. 1972. Eriocaulon cubense Ruhland, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 29. 1925.
Thibaudia domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 319. 1912. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Thibaudia krugii Urb. & Hoerold in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 454. 1908. References: 3, 39, 147, 196.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Cuba (39).
Guadeloupe, Martinique).
Common Names: José, José vrai (Lesser Antilles). Eriocaulon dioecum Ruhland = Eriocaulon pseudocompressum
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 152, 254, 304. Ruhland
Vaccinium ramonii Griseb. = Vaccinium cubense (A. Rich.) Griseb. Eriocaulon echinospermoideum Ruhland, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
subsp. ramonii (Griseb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz Veg. 22: 31. 1925.
Vaccinium shaferi Acuña & Roig, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. References: 3, 39, 147, 196.
Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 3. 1956. Note: Considered extinct by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cuba (39).
References: 3, 39, 156, 206.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Eriocaulon echinospermum C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad.
Cuba (39). Ci. Méd. Habana 7: 716. 1871.
Vaccinium sintenisii Urb. = Ilex obcordata Sw. var. obcordata References: 3, 147, 196.
(Aquifoliaceae)
Eriocaulon ekmanii Ruhland, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 30.
Vaccinium smilacifolium Griseb. = Gonocalyx smilacifolius (Griseb.) 1925.
A.C. Sm. Eriocaulon heteropetalum Ruhland, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22:
Xolisma apiculata Sleumer = Lyonia microcarpa Urb. & Ekman 33. 1925.
Xolisma brittonii Small = Lyonia affinis (A. Rich.) Urb.
References: 3, 39, 147, 196.
Xolisma calycosa Small = Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. var. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
calycosa (Small) Judd. Cuba (39).
Xolisma elliptica Small = Lyonia elliptica (Small) Alain Eriocaulon fuliginosum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 226. 1866.
Xolisma latifolia (A. Rich.) Small = Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. Eriocaulon insulare Ruhland, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 32.
var. latifolia 1925.
Eriocaulon pinarense Ruhland, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 32.
Xolisma longelaminata Sleumer = Lyonia stahlii Urb. var. costata (Urb.) 1925.
Judd Eriocaulon scirpoides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 226. 1866.
Xolisma macrophylla Britton = Lyonia macrophylla (Britton) Ekman Eriocaulon sphaerospermum C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad.
ex Urb. Ci. Méd. Habana 7: 716. 1871.
Eriocaulon trichosepalum C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Eriocaulon trichosepalum C. Wright = Eriocaulon fuliginosum Griseb.
Méd. Habana 7: 715. 1871. Eriocaulon umbellatum Lam. = Syngonanthus umbellatus (Lam.)
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and Central America. Ruhland
References: 3, 30, 147, 196.
Lachnocaulon anceps Morong, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 360. 1891.
Eriocaulon fusiforme Britton & Small = Eriocaulon ovoideum Britton Distribution: Native to Cuba and southeastern United States.
& Small References: 3, 147, 196.
Eriocaulon gnaphalodes sensu C. Wright = Eriocaulon Lachnocaulon cubense Ruhland, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 34.
pseudocompressum Ruhland 1925.
Eriocaulon heteropetalum Ruhland = Eriocaulon ekmanii Ruhland Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 39, 147, 196.
Eriocaulon insulare Ruhland = Eriocaulon fuliginosum Griseb.
Eriocaulon lacustre Ruhland = Eriocaulon melanocephalum Kunth Cuba (39).
Eriocaulon melanocephalum Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 549. 1841. Lachnocaulon ekmanii Ruhland, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 34.
Eriocaulon lacustre Ruhland, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 33. 1925.
Eriocaulon melanocephalum Kunth var. longipes Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. References: 3, 147, 196.
325. 1866.
Paepalanthus alsinoides C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Méd. Habana 8(1): 49. 1871, subsp. alsinoides
Eriocaulon melanocephalum Kunth var. longipes Griseb. = Eriocaulon References: 3, 39, 130, 147, 196.
melanocephalum Kunth Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Eriocaulon minutissimum Ruhland, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: Cuba (39).
32. 1925. Paepalanthus alsinoides C. Wright subsp. minimus (Jenn.) Gonz.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Géigel, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 8: 5. 1987;
References: 3, 39, 147, 196. Paepalanthus alsinoides C. Wright var. minimus Jenn., Ann.
Note: Considered extinct by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Carnegie Mus. 11: 89. 1917.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Eriocaulon miserrimum Ruhland, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: References: 147, 196.
30. 1925. Paepalanthus alsinoides C. Wright var. minimus Jenn. = Paepalanthus
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. alsinoides C. Wright subsp. minimus (Jenn.) Gonz. Géigel
References: 3, 39, 147, 196.
Paepalanthus androsaceus Griseb. = Syngonanthus androsaceus
(Griseb.) Ruhland
Cuba (39).
Paepalanthus androsaceus Griseb. var. flavescens Griseb. =
Eriocaulon olivaceum Moldenke = Eriocaulon arenicola Britton & Small
Syngonanthus androsaceus (Griseb.) Ruhland
Eriocaulon ovoideum Britton & Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 32.
Paepalanthus brittonii Moldenke = Paepalanthus pungens Griseb.
1917.
Eriocaulon fusiforme Britton & Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 32. Paepalanthus domingensis Ruhland = Paepalanthus repens (Lam.) Körn.
1917. Paepalanthus lagopodioides Griseb. = Syngonanthus lagopodioides
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (Griseb.) Ruhland
Paepalanthus lamarckii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 506. 1841.
Eriocaulon pinarense Ruhland = Eriocaulon fuliginosum Griseb. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America,
Eriocaulon pseudocompressum Ruhland in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: and South America.
492. 1900. References: 3, 147, 196.
Eriocaulon dioecum Ruhland, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 29. Paepalanthus moaensis Gonz. Géigel, Feddes Repert. 96: 513. 1985.
Eriocaulon gnaphalodes sensu C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. References: 147, 196.
Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 48. 1871, non Michx.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Paepalanthus montanus (Britton) Moldenke = Paepalanthus pungens
References: 3, 30, 147, 196. Griseb.
Eriocaulon scirpoides Griseb. = Eriocaulon fuliginosum Griseb. Paepalanthus nipensis Gonz. Géigel, Feddes Repert. 96: 515. 1985.
Eriocaulon sclerocephalum Ruhland, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: References: 147, 196.
31. 1925.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Paepalanthus pungens Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 224. 1866; Dupatya
References: 3, 147, 196. pungens (Griseb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 33. 1917.
Paepalanthus brittonii Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Eriocaul. 5:
Eriocaulon sigmoideum C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. 45. 1946.
Méd. Habana 8: 48. 1871. Paepalanthus montanus (Britton) Moldenke, Revista Sudamer. Bot. 4:
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 17. 1937; Dupatya montana Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44:
References: 3, 147, 196. 33. 1917.
Eriocaulon sphaerospermum C. Wright = Eriocaulon fuliginosum Paepalanthus pungens Griseb. var. brevifolius Moldenke, Phytologia 4:
Griseb. 56. 1952.
number 9 8 • 313
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 3, 30, 39, 130, 147, 196.

References: 3, 39, 130, 147, 196. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba (39).
Cuba (39). Syngonanthus lagopodioides (Griseb.) Ruhland f. minor Moldenke =
Paepalanthus pungens Griseb. var. brevifolius Moldenke = Syngonanthus lagopodioides (Griseb.) Ruhland
Paepalanthus pungens Griseb. Syngonanthus leonii Moldenke = Syngonanthus lagopodioides (Griseb.)
Paepalanthus repens (Lam.) Körn. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(1): Ruhland
371. 1863. Syngonanthus umbellatus (Lam.) Ruhland in I. Urban, Symb. Antill.
Paepalanthus domingensis Ruhland in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 485. 1: 488. 1900; Eriocaulon umbellata Lam., Encycl. 3: 277. 1789;
1900. Paepalanthus umbellatus (Lam.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 537. 1841.
Paepalanthus tuerckheimii Ruhland in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 173. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and South America.
1912. References: 30, 147.
References: 5, 30, 147, 196. Syngonanthus wilsonii Moldenke = Syngonanthus insularis Moldenke
Paepalanthus retusus C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Tonina fluviatilis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 857. 1775.
Habana 8: 50. 1871. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. America.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of EXCLUDED SPECIES
Cuba (39).
Paepalanthus bifidus (Schrad. ex Schult.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 512. 1841.
Paepalanthus riparius Moldenke, N. Amer. Fl. 19(1): 42. 1937. Paepalanthus bifidus (Schrad. ex Schult.) Kunth var. exappendiculus
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ruhland in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 483. 1900.
Paepalanthus seslerioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 224. 1866. Note: Reported for Hispaniola based on a Mayerhoff collection,
Paepalanthus seslerioides Griseb. var. carabiae Moldenke, Phytologia perhaps in error. Otherwise known from South America.
34: 485. 1976.
Paepalanthus seslerioides Griseb. var. wilsonii Moldenke, Phytologia
34: 485. 1976. Erythroxylaceae
References: 3, 39, 130, 147, 156, 196. Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Taxa. Total: 33; native: 32; endemic: 25.
Cuba (39).
Erythroxylum affine A. Rich. = Erythroxylum confusum Britton
Paepalanthus seslerioides Griseb. var. carabiae Moldenke =
Paepalanthus seslerioides Griseb. Erythroxylum alaternifolium A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys.
Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 256. 1845, var. alaternifolium
Paepalanthus seslerioides Griseb. var. wilsonii Moldenke = Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Paepalanthus seslerioides Griseb. Common Names: Arabo, Arabo prieto, Gibá, Jibá (Cuba).
Paepalanthus tuerckheimii Ruhland = Paepalanthus repens (Lam.) Körn. References: 3, 132.
Paepalanthus umbellatus (Lam.) Kunth = Syngonanthus umbellatus Erythroxylum alaternifolium A. Rich. var. parvifolium Alain, Contr.
(Lam.) Ruhland Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 22. 1950.
Syngonanthus androsaceus (Griseb.) Ruhland in I. Urban, Symb.
References: 3, 149.
Antill. 1: 488. 1900; Paepalanthus androsaceus Griseb., Cat. Pl.
Cub. 225. 1866. Erythroxylum alaternifolium A. Rich. var. pedicellare Griseb. =
Paepalanthus androsaceus Griseb. var. flavescens Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. Erythroxylum pedicellare (Griseb.) O.E. Schulz
225. 1866. Erythroxylum alaternifolium A. Rich. var. suborbiculare Alain, Contr.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 22. 1950.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 3, 149.
Cuba (39).
Erythroxylum areolatum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1035. 1759.
Syngonanthus insularis Moldenke, N. Amer. Fl. 19(1): 45. 1937. Erythroxylum havanense sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 138.
Syngonanthus wilsonii Moldenke, N. Amer. Fl. 19(1): 45. 1937. 1884, non Jacq.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Erythroxylum areolatum L. f. macrophyllum Griseb. ex O.E. Schulz in
References: 3, 39, 147, 196. H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 134 (Heft 29): 64. 1907.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Cuba (39). Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Mexico, and
Syngonanthus lagopodioides (Griseb.) Ruhland in I. Urban, Symb. Central America.
Antill. 1: 489. 1900; Paepalanthus lagopodioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Common Names: Arabo, Arabo-arabillo, Araba jibá, Arabo carbonero,
Cub. 225. 1866. Arabo jibá, Arabo real, Gibá, Jibá, Jiba macho (Cuba), Arabo,
Syngonanthus lagopodioides (Griseb.) Ruhland f. minor Moldenke, Fruta de paloma, Fruto de paloma, Higüillo, Papelillo, Papelito,
Phytologia 53: 368. 1983. Piragua (Dominican Republic), Papelite, Poirier (Haiti), Coca
Syngonanthus leonii Moldenke, Boissiera 7: 3. 1943. shrub (Jamaica), Cocaína falsa, Indio (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 151.
Erythroxylum areolatum L. var. affine O.E. Schulz = Erythroxylum Erythroxylum cumanense Kunth = Erythroxylum havanense Jacq. var.
confusum Britton havanense
Erythroxylum areolatum L. f. macrophyllum Griseb. ex O.E. Schulz = Erythroxylum domingense Oviedo, Willdenowia 33: 191. 2003.
Erythroxylum areolatum L. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Reference: 149.
Erythroxylum armatum Oviedo & Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 92.
1992. Erythroxylum dumosum Alain, Candollea 17: 115. 1960.
Erythroxylum banaoense Oviedo, Willdenowia 33: 189. 2003.
Cuba (39).
Reference: 149. Erythroxylum echinodendron Ekman, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
21: 64. 1925.
Erythroxylum baracoense Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 303.
1977 [“1976”].
References: 3, 39, 156, 427.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora
of Cuba (39) and extinct in the wild by the IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species.
Cuba (39).
Erythroxylum flavicans Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 303.
Erythroxylum barahonense O.E. Schulz & Ekman = Erythroxylum
1977 [“1976”].
minutifolium Griseb. var. minutifolium.
Erythroxylum brevipes DC., Prodr. 1: 573. 1824. Reference: 149.
Erythroxylum brevipes DC. f. grandifolium O.E. Schultz in I. Urban,
Erythroxylum havanense Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 21. 1760, var.
Symb. Antill. 4: 313. 1905.
havanense
Erythroxylum brevipes DC. f. parvifolium O.E. Schultz in I. Urban,
Erythroxylum cumanense Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Symb. Antill. 4: 313. 1905.
Erythroxylum obtusum DC., Prodr. 1: 574. 1824.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St.
Erythroxylum ovatum Cav., Diss. 8: 404. 1789.
John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles
Erythroxylum ovatum Cav. var. splendens O.E. Schulz in I. Urban,
(Anguilla, St. Barthélemy).
Symb. Antill. 5: 208. 1907.
Common Names: Jabacillo (Cuba), Cargagua (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Lesser
References: 1, 3, 5, 19, 30, 61, 75, 253, 340, 464.
Erythroxylum brevipes sensu Griseb. = Erythroxylum spinescens A. Rich. Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
Erythroxylum brevipes DC. f. grandifolium O.E. Schultz = Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Curaçao, Margarita,
Erythroxylum brevipes DC. Tobago, and Trinidad.
Common Names: Arabo, Gibá, Jibá, Jibarabo, Jibá colorado, Jibá
Erythroxylum brevipes DC. f. parvifolium O.E. Schultz = Erythroxylum común (Cuba), Quiebrahacha (Dominican Republic), Barberry,
brevipes DC. Bois marbré bâtard, Bois vinette, Brésillette, Café diable, Cerisier
Erythroxylum brevipes DC. var. spinescens (A. Rich.) Griseb. = bâtard, Lionwood, Vinette (Lesser Antilles).
Erythroxylum rotundifolium Lunan References: 1, 3, 30, 123, 132, 151, 152, 294, 301, 323.
Erythroxylum clarense Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 302. Erythroxylum havanense Jacq. var. haitiense O.E. Schultz, Ark. Bot.
1977 [“1976”]. 22A(8): 53. 1928.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Erythroxylum havanense sensu A. Stahl = Erythroxylum areolatum L.
Cuba (39).
Erythroxylum horridum Borhidi & Oviedo, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
Erythroxylum confusum Britton in N.L. Britton & C.F. Millspaugh, 22: 302. 1977 [“1976”].
Bahama Fl. 199. 1920. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Erythroxylum areolatum L. var. affine O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. References: 39, 149.
Antill. 5: 194. 1907. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Erythroxylum affine A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Cuba (39).
Vasc. 258. 1845.
Erythroxylum lindelieanum Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: Erythroxylum incrassatum O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5:
113. 1922. 210. 1907.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, and Erythroxylum squamatum sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 114. 1860,
Mexico. non Sw.
Common Names: Arabo, Arabo colorado, Arabo de costanera, Arabo Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
prieto (Cuba), Barberry bullet, Greenheart (Jamaica). References: 2, 30, 427.
References: 2, 3, 30, 40, 45, 149, 253. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species.
Erythroxylum coriaceum Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
16: 71. 1920. Erythroxylum jamaicense Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 55: 38. 1917.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
number 9 8 • 315
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Erythroxylum rotundifolium Lunan, Hort. Jamaic. 2: 116. 1814.
Species. Erythroxylum obovatum Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 143. 1837.
Erythroxylum spinescens A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba,
Erythroxylum lindelieanum Urb. = Erythroxylum confusum Britton
Pl. Vasc. 255. 1845; Erythroxylum brevipes DC. var. spinescens
Erythroxylum lineolatum DC., Prodr. 1: 575. 1824. (A. Rich.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 41. 1866.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Martinique), Tobago, Trinidad, Erythroxylum brevipes sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 113. 1859, non DC.
and South America. Erythroxylum suave O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 197. 1907.
References: 1, 151. Erythroxylum suave O.E. Schulz var. aneurum O.E. Schulz in I. Urban,
Erythroxylum longipes O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 195. Symb. Antill. 5: 199. 1907.
1907. Erythroxylum suave O.E. Schulz var. jamaicense O.E. Schulz in I.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 199. 1907.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Virgin Gorda),
Erythroxylum minutifolium Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 41. 1866. and Mexico.
Erythroxylum minutifolium Griseb. var. cubense O.E. Schulz in I. Common Names: Rat-wood (Bahamas), Arabillo, Arabillo doce,
Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 511. 1913. Careicillo, Carolina, Frijolillo, Gibá, Granadillo, Jibá, Arabillo,
Erythroxylum barahonense O.E. Schulz & Ekman in I. Urban, Ark. Jibá de costa, Medio plata, Precioso, Yarúa de costa (Cuba),
Bot. 22A(8): 53. 1928. Cargagua (Dominican Republic), Jibá, Ratón, Rocío (Puerto
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Rico), Brisselet (Virgin Islands).
Hispaniola. References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 152, 156,
Common Names: Arabo de piedra, Cubanicú, Sibanicú (Cuba), 239, 464.
Aguacero cimarrón (Dominican Republic).
References: 3, 5, 7. Erythroxylum rufum Cav., Diss. 8: 404. 1789.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and South
Erythroxylum minutifolium Griseb. var. cubense O.E. Schulz = America.
Erythroxylum minutifolium Griseb. Common Names: Arabo colorado (Cuba), Papelillo, Topillo
Erythroxylum mogotense Oviedo, Willdenowia 33: 189. 2003. (Dominican Republic), Icaque, Papelille (Haiti).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 3, 5, 6, 58, 61, 123.
Reference: 149. Note: Not cited in Liogier’s Flora de La Española (7).
Erythroxylum novogranatense (D. Morris) Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Erythroxylum spinescens A. Rich. = Erythroxylum rotundifolium Lunan
20(Beibl. 49): 35. 1895. Erythroxylum squamatum Sw., Prodr. 75. 1788.
Distribution: Cultivated in Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Guadeloupe, Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Martinique); native to Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, and Martinique, Nevis, St. Lucia), Trinidad, and South America.
South America. Common Names: Bois café, Bois grives, Bois piquette, Bois rouge,
Common Names: Coca (Lesser Antilles), Coca, Hayuelo (Puerto Rico). Bois rouge à grives, Chaud grier, Girofma (girofle-mare), Grande
References: 1, 131, 151, 301. vinette, Grosse vinette, Moricypre montagne, Piment bâtard, Ti
Erythroxylum obovatum Macfad. = Erythroxylum rotundifolium feuille, Vinette (Lesser Antilles).
Lunan References: 1, 151, 301.
Erythroxylum obtusum DC. = Erythroxylum havanense Jacq. var. Erythroxylum squamatum sensu Griseb. = Erythroxylum incrassatum
havanense O.E. Schulz
Erythroxylum ovatum Cav. = Erythroxylum havanense Jacq. var. Erythroxylum suave O.E. Schulz var. anenrum O.E. Schulz =
havanense Erythroxylum rotundifolium Lunan
Erythroxylum ovatum Cav. var. splendens O.E. Schulz = Erythroxylum Erythroxylum suave O.E. Schulz var. jamaicense O.E. Schulz =
havanense Jacq. var. havanense Erythroxylum rotundifolium Lunan
Erythroxylum oxycarpum O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: Erythroxylum subcordatum DC. = Coccoloba subcordata (DC.) Lindau
203. 1907. (Polygonaceae)
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada) and South America. Erythroxylum urbanii O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 314.
Erythroxylum pedicellare (Griseb.) O.E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
Antill. 5: 211. 1907; Erythroxylum alaternifolium A. Rich. var. Puerto Rico.
pedicellare Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 41. 1866. References: 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61.
Erythroxylum reticulatum Northr., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 43.
Euphorbiaceae
1902.
Erythroxylum roigii Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: Acalypha alexandri Urb. = Acalypha elliptica Sw.
71. 1920. Acalypha alopecuroides Jacq., Collectanea 3: 196. 1791 [“1789”].
Common Name: Arabo jibá (Cuba). Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
References: 3, 156.
Grenadines, Martinique, St. Lucia), Trinidad, Mexico, Central Acalypha chamaedrifolia (Lam.) Müll. Arg. var. nana Müll. Arg. =
America, and South America. Acalypha nana (Müll. Arg.) Griseb. ex Hutch.
Common Names: Cribajito, Majagüilla, Quinina criolla, Rabo de zorra Acalypha corensis Jacq. = Bernardia corensis (Jacq.) Müll. Arg.
(Dominican Republic), Bonda pé, Bouda perè, Dégonfle, Derrière
gonfle, Des gonflé(s), Gonflé, Petit mouton, Petit pompon, Acalypha cubensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 225. 1930.
Ti-ponpon (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 301. Reference: 3.
Acalypha amentacea Roxb. subsp. wilkesiana (Muell. Arg.) Fosberg, Acalypha cuspidata Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 63. 1797.
Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 45: 10. 1980; Acalypha wilkesiana Müll. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2.2): 817. 1866. (Grenada, Grenadines, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
Acalypha godseffiana Mast., Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 23: 241. 1898. Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 323.
Virgin Islands (St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles Acalypha cuspidata sensu Griseb. = Acalypha bisetosa Bertero ex
(Saba) and Margarita; native to the Pacific region. Spreng.
Common Name: Serrucho (Dominican Republic).
Acalypha distans Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2.2):
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 58, 61, 147, 224, 240, 323.
820. 1866.
Acalypha angustifolia Sw., Prodr. 99. 1788. Reference: 3.
Acalypha arcuata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 188. 1922.
Acalypha diversifolia Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 63, tab. 244.
Acalypha carpinifolia Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 203.
1797.
1804.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and Tobago; native to Mexico, Central
Acalypha domingensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 880. 1826.
References: 7, 147.
Acalypha domingensis Spreng. = Acalypha angustifolia Sw.
Acalypha arcuata Urb. = Acalypha angustifolia Sw.
Acalypha elizabethae R.A. Howard, Phytologia 61: 1. 1986.
Acalypha aristata Kunth in F.W.H. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland &
C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 93. 1817 [quarto ed.].
Reference: 1.
Acalypha arvensis Poepp. in E.F. Poeppig & S.L. Endlicher, Nov. Gen.
Sp. Pl. 3: 21. 1841. Acalypha elliptica Sw., Prodr. 99. 1788.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Acalypha hernandiifolia Sw., Prodr. 99. 1788.
Martinique, St. Lucia), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and Acalypha hernandiifolia Sw. var. pubescens Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 11.
South America. 1865.
Common Name: Ortie batana (Lesser Antilles). Acalypha alexandri Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 387. 1908.
References: 1, 147, 301. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 2, 152.
Acalypha arvensis Poepp. = Acalypha arsistata Kunth
Acalypha fissa (Müll. Arg.) Hutch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 27.
Acalypha berteroana Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 33. 1865.
1913; Acalypha chamaedrifolia (Lam.) Müll. Arg. var. fissa Müll.
Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2.2): 879. 1866.
Acalypha betulifolia Sw. = Acalypha scabrosa Sw. References: 3, 147.
Acalypha bisetosa Bertero ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 879. 1826. Acalypha glechomifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Acalypha cuspidata sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 48. 1859, non Jacq. 11: 205. 1850.
Ricinocarpus hernandiifolius (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 616. 1891. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; Native to Cuba and
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Hispaniola.
Acalypha carpinifolia Poir. = Acalypha angustifolia Sw. Acalypha godseffiana Mast. = Acalypha amentacea Roxb. subsp.
Acalypha chamaedrifolia (Lam.) Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, wilkesiana (Muell. Arg.) Fosberg
Prodr. 15(2.2): 879. 1866; Croton chamaedrifolius Lam., Encycl. Acalypha havanensis Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 49. 1865.
Acalypha reptans Sw., Prodr. 99. 1788. Common Name: Rabo de gato (Cuba).
Acalypha hispaniolae Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 410. 1919. References: 3, 132.
Acalypha hotteana Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 59. 1926.
Acalypha hernandiifolia Sw. = Acalypha elliptica Sw.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, Acalypha hernandiifolia Sw. var. pubescens Müll. Arg. = Acalypha
St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, elliptica Sw.
Guadeloupe, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Martin), and United Acalypha hispaniolae Urb. = Acalypha chamaedrifolia (Lam.) Müll.
States (FL). Arg.
Common Names: Ortie petit, Ricine petit (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 147, 149. Acalypha hispida Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 303. 1768.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto
Acalypha chamaedrifolia (Lam.) Müll. Arg. var. fissa Müll. Arg. = Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), and Margarita; native to the Pacific
Acalypha fissa (Müll. Arg.) Hutch. region.
number 9 8 • 317
Common Names: Acalifa, Acalifa japonesa, Califa, Rabo de gato Acalypha pendula C. Wright ex Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss.
(Cuba), Rabo de gato (Dominican Republic), Queue de chat Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 176. 1865.
(Haiti), Berica, Rabo de gato (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
Acalypha hotteana Urb. = Acalypha chamaedrifolia (Lam.) Müll. Arg. Acalypha persimilis Müll. Arg. = Acalypha ostryifolia Ridd.
Acalypha hutchinsonii Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 77. 1920. Acalypha platyodonta Urb. = Acalypha tomentosa Sw.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Acalypha poiretii Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 879. 1826.
References: 3, 147, 156. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John,
Acalypha indica L., Sp. Pl. 1003. 1753. St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Barbados, Grenadines,
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles Marie Galante, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia), Aruba, Bonaire,
(Désirade, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Curaçao, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Martin); native to Africa, Asia, and References: 1, 7, 19, 254.
Malesia. Acalypha polystachya sensu Griseb. = Acalypha ostryifolia Ridd.
Common Names: Califa (Cuba), Ti codinde (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 6, 58, 132, 295. Acalypha portoricensis Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 22. 1865; Ricinocarpus
portoricensis (Müll. Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 618. 1891.
Acalypha jamaicensis Britton = Acalypha leicesterfieldiensis Radcl.-Sm. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Croix).
& Govaerts Common Name: Rabito (Puerto Rico).
Acalypha laevigata Sw., Prodr. 99. 1788. References: 58, 61, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Acalypha pruinosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 388. 1908.
Reference: 2. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Acalypha laxiflora Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 19. 1865. References: 2, 147.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and Mexico. Acalypha pycnantha Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 59. 1926.
Acalypha leicesterfieldiensis Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts, Kew Bull. 52: References: 7, 147, 149.
477. 1997. Acalypha pygmaea A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Acalypha jamaicensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 7. 1912. 205. 1850.
Acalypha leptorhachis Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 7. 1865. Acalypha reptans Sw. = Acalypha chamaedrifolia (Lam.) Müll. Arg.
References: 3, 147. Acalypha rupestris Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 223. 1930.
Acalypha macrostachya Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 63. 1797. References: 3, 147.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Margarita, Mexico,
Central America, and South America. Acalypha scabrosa Sw., Prodr. 100. 1788.
References: 1, 323. Acalypha betulifolia Sw., Prodr. 99. 1788.
Acalypha scabrosa Sw. var. elongata Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 389. 1908.
Acalypha maestrensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 224. Acalypha scabrosa Sw. var. ovata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 47. 1859.
1930. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 2, 30, 147, 151, 152.
Acalypha scabrosa Sw. var. elongata Urb. = Acalypha scabrosa Sw.
Acalypha membranacea A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba,
Bot. 11: 204. 1850. Acalypha scabrosa Sw. var. ovata Griseb. = Acalypha scabrosa Sw.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and possibly Colombia. Acalypha setosa A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
References: 3, 147. 204. 1850.
Acalypha mogotensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 226. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico,
1930. Mexico, and South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Name: Moquito de pavo (Dominican Republic).
References: 3, 147, 149. References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 147, 340.
Acalypha nana (Müll. Arg.) Griseb. ex Hutch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew Acalypha tomentosa Sw., Prodr. 99. 1788.
1913: 27. 1913; Acalypha chamaedrifolia (Lam.) Müll. Arg. var. Acalypha platyodonta Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 38. 1921.
nana Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2.2): 880. 1866. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 3, 147. Acalypha villosa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 32. 1760.
Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell, Syn. Fl. West. States 33. 1835. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Curaçao, Mexico,
Acalypha persimilis Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 25. 1865. Central America, and South America.
Acalypha polystachya sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 48. 1859, non Jacq. References: 1, 147.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Acalypha villosa sensu Griseb. = Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), United States, Mexico, Central parasitica (Boiss. ex Klotzsch) V.W. Steinm.
Acalypha vincentina Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 222. 1930.
References: 2, 3, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 147, 240.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent). Acidoton acidothamnus (Griseb.) Kuntze = Flueggea acidoton (L.) G.L.
References: 1, 147. Webster
Acalypha virgata L., Sp. Pl. 1003. 1753. *Acidoton haitiensis Alain, Brittonia 20: 154. 1968.
Acalypha virgata L. var. pubescens Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 57: 314. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
1919. Reference: 7.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. *Acidoton lanceolatus Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 61. 1926.
Acalypha virgata L. var. pubescens Fawc. & Rendle = Acalypha virgata L. References: 5, 7.
Acalypha wilkesiana Müll. Arg. = Acalypha amentacea Roxb. subsp. *Acidoton microphyllus Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 302. 1902.
wilkesiana (Muell. Arg.) Fosberg Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Name: Genarito (Dominican Republic).
*Acidocroton acunae Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
22: 305. 1977 [“1976”].
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. *Acidoton urens Sw., Prodr. 83. 1788.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Common Name: Mountain cowitch (Jamaica).
*Acidocroton adelioides Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 42. 1859. *Acidoton variifolius Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 60. 1926.
*Acidocroton ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 210. 1924. Actinostemon brachypodus (Griseb.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Veg. 28: 23I. 1930; Excoecaria brachypoda Griseb., Nachr.
References: 3, 30, 39. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 178. 1865; Sebastiania
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of brachypoda (Griseb.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Cuba (39). Méd. Habana 7: 156. 1870.
Sebastiania albicans (Griseb.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad.
*Acidocroton horridus Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 64. 1926.
Ci. Méd. Habana 7: 156. 1870.
References: 5, 7.
References: 3, 147.
*Acidocroton litoralis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 62. 1926.
Actinostemon caribaeus Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7:
168. 1857; Excoecaria caribaea (Griseb.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.
References: 5, 7.
51. 1859.
*Acidocroton lobulatus Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 209. 1924. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Trinidad, Central
References: 3, 30. America, and northern South America (Venezuela).
*Acidocroton montanus Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 63. 1926. Common Name: Bois fricassé (Lesser Antilles).
References: 5, 7. Actinostemon jamaicensis Britton = Gymnanthes glandulosa (Sw.) Müll.
*Acidocroton oligostemon Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 208. 1924. Arg.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Adelia acidoton L. = Flueggea acidoton (L.) G.L. Webster
Common Names: Rompe ropa, Diente de majá (Cuba).
Adelia bernardia L. = Bernardia dichotoma (Willd.) Müll. Arg. var.
References: 3, 30.
dichotoma
Acidocroton pilosulus Urb. = Acidocroton trichophyllus Urb. subsp.
Adelia haemiolandra (Griseb.) Pax & K. Hoffm. = Adelia ricinella L.
pilosulus (Urb.) Borhidi
Adelia macrophylla Urb. = Adelia ricinella L.
*Acidocroton trichophyllus Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 211. 1924, subsp.
trichophyllus Adelia microphylla A. Rich. = Leucocroton microphyllus (A. Rich.) Pax
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. & K. Hoffm.
References: 3, 30, 39. Adelia pedunculosa A. Rich. = Adelia ricinella L.
Cuba (39). Adelia porulosa Michx. = Forestiera segregata (Jacq.) Krug & Urb.
(Oleaceae)
*Acidocroton trichophyllus Urb. subsp. pilosulus (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta
Bot. Hung. 29: 183. 1983; Acidocroton pilosulus Urb., Repert. Adelia ricinella L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1285. 1759; Ricinella ricinella
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 227. 1930. (L.) Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 8: 395. 1917.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Adelia haemiolandra (Griseb.) Pax & K. Hoffm. in H.G.A. Engler,
References: 3, 30, 147, 149. Pflanzenr. IV, 147 VII (Heft 63): 67. 1914; Ditaxis haemiolandra
*Acidocroton verrucosus Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 513. 1913. Adelia macrophylla Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 409. 1917.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Adelia pedunculosa A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
References: 2, 30, 427. 210. 1850; Ricinella pedunculosa (A. Rich.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened 34: 154. 1865.
Species.
number 9 8 • 319
Adelia sylvestris Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts- Aleurites trilobus J.R. Forst. & G. Forst., Char. Gen. Pl. 56. 1775.
Univ. 1: 174. 1865. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), and
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique); native to
St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles tropical Asia, Malesia, and Australia.
(Grenada, St. Martin), Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, and northern Common Names: Candlenut (Bahamas), Nogal prieto, Nogal de la
South America. India, Árbol de la luz, Nogel de jardín (Cuba), Noyer des Indes,
Common Names: Jía amarilla, Jía blanca, Jía blanca espinosa, Jía Nuez, Arbol llorón, Avellano, Avellano criollo, Aleurites, Noyer
macho, Jín sin espinas, Zarza blanca (Cuba), Trejo (Dominican (Dominican Republic), Noix, Noisette (Haiti), Nuez, Nuez de la
Republic), Citroin marron, Grenade marron, Grenarde marron India, Palo de nuez, Nogal (Puerto Rico).
(Haiti), Wild lime (Jamaica), Cotorra, Escambrón, Espinillo References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 147, 224, 252, 254, 383.
(Puerto Rico). Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 149, Aleurites trilobus J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. = Aleurites moluccanus (L.)
301, 323, 340. Willd.
Adelia segregata (Jacq.) Kuntze = Forestiera segregata (Jacq.) Krug & Aleurites trispermus Blanco = Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw
Urb. (Oleaceae)
Argythamnia argentea Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
Adelia sylvestris Griseb. = Adelia ricinella L. 2(3): 154. 1906.
Adenorima gymnonota (Urb.) Millsp. = Euphorbia gymnonota Urb. Argythamnia sericea Griseb. var. lanceolata Müll. Arg. in A.P. de
candolle, Prodr. 15: 742. 1866.
Adenoropium gossypiifolium (L.) Pohl = Jatropha gossypiifolia L.
Adenoropium hastatum (Jacq.) Britton & P. Wilson = Jatropha Reference: 45.
integerrima Jacq. var. integerrima
Argythamnia candicans Sw., Prodr. 39. 1788.
Adenoropium multifidum (L.) Pohl = Jatropha multifida L. Argythamnia candicans Sw. var. serratifolia Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Aklema petiolaris (Sims) Millsp. ex Britton = Euphorbia petiolaris Sims Regni Veg. 28: 221. 1930; Argythamnia candicans Sw. subsp.
serratifolia (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 62: 25.
Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 1975.
170. 1865. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cayman
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to tropical Africa. Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
References: 147, 254. (Anegada, Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
Alchornea glandulosa Poepp. var. floribunda Benth. = Alchorneopsis Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Guadeloupe,
floribunda (Benth.) Müll. Arg. Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Martin), and Margarita.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 147, 149, 323, 340.
Alchornea haitiensis Urb. = Alchornea latifolia Sw.
Argythamnia candicans Sw. subsp. serratifolia (Urb.) Borhidi & O.
Alchornea latifolia Sw., Prodr. 98. 1788.
Muñiz = Argythamnia candicans Sw.
Alchornea haitiensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 188. 1922.
Alchornea latifolia Sw. var. islaensis Kitan., Fitologiya 11: 47. 1979. Argythamnia candicans Sw. var. serratifolia Urb. = Argythamnia
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin candicans Sw.
Islands (Tortola), Mexico, Central America, and South America. Argythamnia cubensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16:
Common Names: Aguacatillo, Baconá (Cuba), Arepa, Aguacatillo, Bija 75. 1920.
cimarrona, Bijilla, Bijillo, Bijo macho, Bois mal aux dents, Lana, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Vacme (Dominican Republic), Pois vache, Grain d’or, Feuilles References: 3, 156.
crapaud, Bois vache (Haiti), Dovewood, Lablab tree (Jamaica),
Achiotillo, Jobillo, Palo de cotorra (Puerto Rico). Argythamnia fasciculata (Vahl ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg. = Ditaxis
References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 152, 340. fasciculata Vahl ex A. Juss.
Alchornea latifolia Sw. var. islaensis Kitan. = Alchornea latifolia Sw. Argythamnia haitiensis (Urb.) J.W. Ingram = Ditaxis haitiensis Urb.
Alchorneopsis floribunda (Benth.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 156. 1865; Argythamnia heteropilosa J.W. Ingram, Gentes Herb. 10: 32. 1967.
Alchornea glandulosa Poepp. var. floribunda Benth., Hooker’s J. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 331. 1854. References: 3, 147.
Alchorneopsis portoricensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 337. 1899. Argythamnia lucayana Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Central 2(3): 154. 1906.
America, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Common Names: Palo de gallina, Pendejo (Dominican Republic), Palo References: 45, 147.
de gallina (Puerto Rico).
Argythamnia microphylla Pax in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 147 VI
References: 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 147, 301.
(Heft 57): 82. 1912.
Alchorneopsis portoricensis Urb. = Alchorneopsis floribunda (Benth.) Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Müll. Arg. References: 3, 39, 147.
Aldinia glechomoides Raf. = Croton betulinus Vahl Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Aleurites fordii Hemsl. = Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw
Argythamnia oblongifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 386. 1908.
Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 590. 1805; Jatropha Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
moluccana L., Sp. Pl. 1006. 1753. References: 5, 7, 147.
Argythamnia polygama (Jacq.) Kuntze = Ditaxis polygama (Jacq.) Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cayman
Wheeler Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser
Antilles (Grenada, Grenadines, St. Vincent).
Argythamnia proctorii J.W. Ingram, Gentes Herb. 10: 25. 1967.
Common Names: Cacapul (Cuba), Mierda de gallina (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Endemic to Cayman Islands.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 30, 36, 45, 58, 61, 131, 132, 147.
References: 4, 147.
Bernardia dichotoma (Willd.) Müll. Arg. var. venosa (Griseb.) Müll.
Argythamnia sericea Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 44. 1859.
Arg., Linnaea 34: 172. 1865; Bernardia venosa Griseb., Pl.
Wright. 1: 159. 1860.
Argythamnia sericea Griseb. var. lanceolata Müll. Arg. = Argythamnia Reference: 594.
argentea Millsp.
Bernardia fruticulosa Alain, Phytologia 22: 164. 1971.
Argythamnia stahlii Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 336. 1899. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. References: 7, 147, 156.
John).
Bernardia laurentii R.A. Howard, Phytologia 61: 2. 1986.
References: 6, 19, 58, 61.
Arthrothamnus cassythoides (Boiss.) Millsp. = Euphorbia cassythoides References: 1, 147.
Boiss.
Bernardia leprosa (Willd.) Müll. Arg. = Leucocroton leprosus (Willd.)
Astraea lobata (L.) Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7: 194. 1841; Croton Pax & K. Hoffm.
lobatus L., Sp. Pl. 1005. 1753.
Bernardia microphylla (A. Rich.) Müll. Arg. = Leucocroton
microphyllus (A. Rich.) Pax & K. Hoffm.
Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Bernardia tenuifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 260. 1912.
Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Montserrat, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Redonda, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, References: 5, 7, 30.
St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Bernardia trelawniensis (C.D. Adams) Jestrow & Proctor, Bot. Rev.
Trinidad, United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South (Lancaster) 74: 175. 2008; Lasiocroton trelawniensis C.D. Adams,
America. Phytologia 20: 312. 1970.
Common Names: Frailecillo cimarrón (Cuba), Gombo française, Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Mouzambé blanc (Lesser Antilles), Croton lobulado (Puerto Rico). References: 2, 147, 149, 427.
References: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 147, 150, 224, 301, 323. Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Species.
Ateramnus ellipticus (Sw.) Rothm. = Gymnanthes elliptica Sw. Bernardia venosa Griseb. = Bernardia dichotoma (Willd.) Müll. Arg.
Ateramnus glandulosus (Sw.) C.D. Adams = Gymnanthes glandulosa var. venosa (Griseb.) Müll. Arg.
(Sw.) Müll. Arg. Bonania acunae Borhidi = Bonania cubana A. Rich. subsp. acunae
Ateramnus integer (Fawc. & Rendle) Rothm. = Gymnanthes integra (Borhidi) Borhidi
Fawc. & Rendle Bonania adenodon (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. = Sapium adenodon
Ateramnus lucidus (Sw.) Rothm. = Gymnanthes lucida Sw. Griseb.
Ateramnus pallens (Griseb.) Rothm. = Gymnanthes pallens (Griseb.) *Bonania cubana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Müll. Arg. 201. 1850, subsp. cubana; Excoecaria cubensis (A. Rich.) Müll.
Arg., Linnaea 32: 122. 1863; Stillingia cubana (A. Rich.) Baill.,
Bernardia bernardia (L.) Millsp. = Bernardia dichotoma (Willd.) Müll.
Étude Euphorb. 515. 1858.
Arg. var. dichotoma
Bernardia carpinifolia Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 45. 1859. References: 3, 45, 147.
*Bonania cubana A. Rich. subsp. acunae (Borhidi) Borhidi, Acta Bot.
Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica.
Hung. 29: 183. 1983; Bonania acunae Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad.
Reference: 254.
Sci. Hung. 22: 306. 1977 [“1976”].
Bernardia corensis (Jacq.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 173. 1865; Acalypha Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
corensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 32. 1760. References: 147, 149.
*Bonania cubana A. Rich. subsp. microphylla (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot.
(Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie
Hung. 29: 183. 1983; Bonania microphylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 3:
Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St.
311. 1902.
Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Bonaire, Curaçao, and Venezuela.
Common Name: Ti bois lait (Lesser Antilles).
References: 3, 147.
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 147.
Note: Reported for Jamaica by World Checklist of Selected Plant *Bonania domingensis (Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 215. 1924;
Families (147), but not known to us from that island. Hypocoton domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 264. 1912.
Bernardia dichotoma (Willd.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 172. 1865, var.
Common Name: Cinazo (Dominican Republic).
dichotoma; Croton dichotomus Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 537. 1805.
References: 5, 7, 30, 147.
Adelia bernardia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1289. 1759; Bernardia bernardia
(L.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(1): 58. 1900. *Bonania elliptica Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 214. 1924, var. elliptica
number 9 8 • 321
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Caperonia castaneifolia sensu Griseb. = Caperonia palustris (L.)
References: 3, 30, 147. A. St.-Hil.
*Bonania elliptica Urb. var. spinosa (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. Caperonia cubana Pax & K. Hoffm. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV,
29: 183. 1983; Bonania spinosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 215. 1924. 147 VI (Heft 57): 36. 1912.
*Bonania emarginata C. Wright ex Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Caperonia cubensis M.R. Schomb. ex Pax & K. Hoffm. = Caperonia
Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1865: 78. 1865, subsp. emarginata; castaneifolia (L.) A. St.-Hil.
Excoecaria emarginata (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Müll. Arg. in Caperonia nervosa A. Rich. = Caperonia castaneifolia (L.) A. St.-Hil.
A.L.P.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 1212. 1866.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Caperonia palustris (L.) A. St.-Hil., Hist. Pl. Remarq. Bresil 245. 1826;
References: 3, 147, 147. Croton palustris L., Sp. Pl. 1004. 1753.
Caperonia castaneifolia sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 43. 1859., non (L.)
*Bonania emarginata C. Wright ex Griseb. subsp. nipensis (Urb. & A. St.-Hil.
Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 183. 1983; Bonania nipensis Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Urb. & Ekman, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 231. 1930. (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Martinique, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico,
References: 3, 147, 149. Central America, and South America.
*Bonania emarginata C. Wright ex Griseb. subsp. suborbiculata Common Names: Escoba dulce (Dominican Republic), Male coq
(Borhidi & Urbino) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 183. 1983; d’Inde, Ortis-savane, Ortie grosse (Lesser Antilles), Sacatrapo
Bonania suborbiculata Borhidi & Urbino, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. (Puerto Rico).
Hung. 22: 305. 1977 [“1976”]. References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 147, 150, 301, 340.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Chaetocarpus acutifolius (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi, Acta Bot.
References: 147, 149. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 18. 1979; Mettenia acutifolia Britton & P.
*Bonania erythrosperma (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3: 335. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 9. 1912.
1880; Excoecaria erythrosperma Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 161. 1860; Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Sapium erythrospermum (Griseb.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 32: 119. References: 3, 147.
1863. Chaetocarpus cordifolius (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 25: 18. 1979; Mettenia cordifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 213.
References: 3, 147. 1924; Mettenia globosa (Sw.) Griseb. subsp. cordifolia (Urb.)
*Bonania linearifolia Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 63. 1928. Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 25. 1975.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Chaetocarpus domingensis Proctor, Moscosoa 2: 25. 1983.
References: 7, 147. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
and Jamaica.
Bonania microphylla Urb. = Bonania cubana A. Rich. subsp.
References: 3, 7, 8, 30, 147.
microphylla (Urb.) Borhidi
Chaetocarpus cubensis Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 57: 312. 1919.
*Bonania myricifolia (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3: 335.
Chaetocarpus humilis (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
1880; Excoecaria myricifolia Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss.
Hung. 25: 18. 1979; Mettenia humilis Ekman ex Urb., Repert.
Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 178. 1865; Sebastiania myricifolia
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 229. 1930.
(Griseb.) C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 7: 156. 1870.
Note: Considered extinct by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba
Cuba (39).
(39).
Chaetocarpus domingensis Proctor = Chaetocarpus cordifolius (Urb.)
Bonania nipensis Urb. & Ekman = Bonania emarginata C. Wright ex
Borhidi
Griseb. subsp. nipensis (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi
Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 57: 312. 1919,
Bonania spinosa Urb. = Bonania elliptica Urb. var. spinosa (Urb.)
subsp. globosus; Croton globosus Sw., Prodr. 100. 1788; Mettenia
Borhidi
globosa (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 43. 1859.
Bonania suborbiculata Borhidi & Urbino = Bonania emarginata Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle f. puberula Borhidi, Acta
C. Wright ex Griseb. subsp. suborbiculata (Borhidi & Urbino) Bot. Hung. 29: 184. 1983.
Borhidi Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle var. lepidotus (Urb.)
Caperonia castaneifolia (L.) A. St.-Hil., Hist. Pl. Remarq. Bresil 245. Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 184. 1983; Mettenia lepidota Urb.,
1826; Croton castaneifolius L., Sp. Pl. 1004. 1753. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 230. 1930.
Caperonia cubensis M.R. Schomb. ex Pax & K. Hoffm. in H.G.A. Mappa jamaicensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 878. 1826.
Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 147 VI (Heft 57): 31. 1912. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Caperonia nervosa A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: and Jamaica.
213. 1850. Common Names: Palo amargo, Guácima cimarrona (Dominican
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles Republic).
(Barbados), United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and References: 2, 3, 7, 147, 149, 152.
South America. Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle subsp. oblongatus
Common Name: Escoba dulce (Dominican Republic). (Alain) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 17. 1979; Mettenia
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 147, 150, 351.
oblongata Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Chamaesyce centunculoides (Kunth) Millsp. = Euphorbia
Salle” 11: 10. 1952; Chaetocarpus oblongatus (Alain) Borhidi, centunculoides Kunth
Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 181. 1983; Mettenia globosa (Sw.) Griseb. Chamaesyce cowellii Millsp. = Euphorbia cowellii (Millsp.) Oudejans
subsp. oblongata (Alain) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 25. 1975.
Chaetocarpus oblongatus (Alain) Borhidi var. monticola Borhidi, Acta Chamaesyce crassinodis (Urb.) Millsp. = Euphorbia crassinodis Urb.
Bot. Hung. 29: 184. 1983. Chamaesyce dioeca (Kunth) Millsp. = Euphorbia dioeca Kunth
Chaetocarpus oblongatus (Alain) Borhidi var. subnervis Borhidi, Acta
Chamaesyce dorsiventralis (Urb.) Millsp. = Euphorbia mendezii Boiss.
Bot. Hung. 29: 184. 1983.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Chamaesyce exumensis Millsp. = Euphorbia lecheoides Millsp.
References: 3, 147, 149. Chamaesyce filicaulis (Urb.) Alain = Euphorbia filicaulis Urb.
Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle f. puberula Borhidi = Chamaesyce glomerifera Millsp. = Euphorbia hypericifolia L.
Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle subsp. globosus
Chamaesyce gundlachii (Urb.) Alain = Euphorbia gundlachii Urb.
Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle var. lepidotus (Urb.)
Borhidi = Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle subsp. Chamaesyce gymnadenia (Urb.) Millsp. = Euphorbia pergamena Small
globosus Chamaesyce helwigii (Urb. & Ekman) D.G. Burch = Euphorbia helwigii
Chaetocarpus humilis (Ekman) Borhidi = Chaetocarpus cubensis Fawc. Urb. & Ekman
& Rendle Chamaesyce hepatica (Urb. & Ekman) D.G. Burch = Euphorbia
Chaetocarpus oblongatus (Alain) Borhidi = Chaetocarpus globosus hepatica Urb. & Ekman
(Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle subsp. oblongatus (Alain) Borhidi Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. var. hirta = Euphorbia hirta L.
Chaetocarpus oblongatus (Alain) Borhidi var. monticola Borhidi = Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. var. procumbens (DC.) Moldenke =
Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle subsp. oblongatus Euphorbia ophthalmica Pers.
(Alain) Borhidi
Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp. = Euphorbia hypericifolia L.
Chaetocarpus oblongatus (Alain) Borhidi var. subnervis Borhidi =
Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small = Euphorbia hyssopifolia L.
Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle subsp. oblongatus
(Alain) Borhidi Chamaesyce insulisalis Millsp. = Euphorbia centunculoides Kunth
Chaetocarpus parvifolius Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 184. 1983. Chamaesyce jenningsii Millsp. = Euphorbia hyssopifolia L.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Chamaesyce lasiocarpa (Klotzsch) Arthur = Euphorbia lasiocarpa
References: 147, 149. Klotzsch
Chamaesyce adenoptera (Bertol.) Small subsp. adenoptera = Euphorbia Chamaesyce lecheoides (Millsp.) Millsp. = Euphorbia lecheoides Millsp.
adenoptera Bertol. subsp. adenoptera
Chamaesyce leonardii D.G. Burch = Euphorbia leonardii (D.G. Burch)
Chamaesyce adenoptera (Bertol.) Small subsp. canescens Proctor = Radcl.-Sm.
Euphorbia adenoptera Bertol. subsp. canescens (Proctor) Oudejans
Chamaesyce liliputiana (C. Wright) Millsp. = Euphorbia minutula
Chamaesyce adenoptera (Bertol.) Small subsp. gundlachii (Urb.) D.G. Boiss.
Burch = Euphorbia gundlachii Urb.
Chamaesyce mangletii (Urb.) Alain = Euphorbia serpens Kunth
Chamaesyce adenoptera (Bertol.) Small subsp. pergamena (Small) D.G.
Burch = Euphorbia pergamena Small Chamaesyce mendezii (Boiss.) Millsp. = Euphorbia mendezii Boiss.
Chamaesyce albescens (Urb.) Millsp. = Euphorbia turpinii Boiss. Chamaesyce mesembryanthemifolia (Jacq.) Dugand = Euphorbia
mesembryanthemifolia Jacq.
Chamaesyce anegadensis Millsp. = Euphorbia turpinii Boiss.
Chamaesyce microclada (Urb.) Alain = Euphorbia serpens Kunth
Chamaesyce articulata (Aubl.) Britton = Euphorbia articulata Aubl.
Chamaesyce minutula (Boiss.) D.G. Burch = Euphorbia minutula Boiss.
Chamaesyce bahiensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Dugand & D.G. Burch =
Euphorbia bahiensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. Chamaesyce monensis Millsp. = Euphorbia pergamena Small
Chamaesyce balbisii (Boiss.) Millsp. = Euphorbia balbisii Boiss. Chamaesyce montana Alain = Euphorbia alainii Oudejans
Chamaesyce berteroana (Balb.) Millsp. = Euphorbia berteroana Balb. Chamaesyce multinodis (Urb.) Millsp. = Euphorbia multinodis Urb.
Chamaesyce biramensis (Urb.) Alain = Euphorbia serpens Kunth Chamaesyce myrtillifolia (L.) Millsp. = Euphorbia myrtillifolia L.
Chamaesyce blodgettii (Engelm. ex Hitchc.) Small = Euphorbia Chamaesyce niqueroana (Urb.) Alain = Euphorbia minutula Boiss.
blodgettii Engelm. ex Hitchc. Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small = Euphorbia nutans Lag.
Chamaesyce bracei (Millsp.) Millsp. = Euphorbia cayensis Millsp. Chamaesyce ophthalmica (Pers.) D.G. Burch = Euphorbia ophthalmica
Chamaesyce brittonii (Millsp.) Millsp. = Euphorbia minutula Boiss. Pers.
Chamaesyce bruntii Proctor = Euphorbia bruntii (Proctor) Oudejans Chamaesyce orbifolia Alain = Euphorbia orbifolia (Alain) Oudejans
Chamaesyce buxifolia (Lam.) Small = Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia Chamaesyce pachypoda (Urb.) Alain = Euphorbia centunculoides
Jacq. Kunth
Chamaesyce camagueyensis Millsp. = Euphorbia camagueyensis Chamaesyce parciflora (Urb.) D.G. Burch = Euphorbia parciflora Urb.
(Millsp.) Urb. Chamaesyce paredonensis Millsp. = Euphorbia paredonensis (Millsp.)
Chamaesyce cayensis (Millsp.) Millsp. = Euphorbia cayensis Millsp. Oudejans
number 9 8 • 323
Chamaesyce paucipila (Urb.) Millsp. = Euphorbia minutula Boiss. Cnidoscolus fragrans (Kunth) Pohl = Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.)
I.M. Johnst., subsp. aconitifolius
Chamaesyce pinariona (Urb.) Alain = Euphorbia camagueyensis
(Millsp.) Urb. Cnidoscolus matosii León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey”
15: 238. 1941.
Chamaesyce portoricensis (Urb.) Millsp. = Euphorbia turpinii Boiss.
Chamaesyce proctorii D.G. Burch = Euphorbia proctorii (D.G. Burch) References: 3, 39, 147, 427.
Correll Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small = Euphorbia prostrata Aiton Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small = Euphorbia serpens Kunth Cnidoscolus peltatus Fern. Casas = Cnidoscolus rangel (M. Gómez)
McVaugh
Chamaesyce thymifolia (L.) Millsp. = Euphorbia thymifolia L.
Cnidoscolus quinquelobatus (Mill.) León = Cnidoscolus aconitifolius
Chamaesyce torralbasii (Urb.) Millsp. = Euphorbia torralbasii Urb. (Mill.) I.M. Johnst. subsp. aconitifolius
Chamaesyce tumistyla D.G. Burch = Euphorbia tumistyla (D.G. Burch) Cnidoscolus rangel (M. Gómez) McVaugh, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 71:
Radcl.-Sm. 464. 1944; Jatropha rangel M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat.
Chamaesyce turpinii (Boiss.) Millsp. = Euphorbia turpinii Boiss. 23: 51. 1894.
Jatropha peltata C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Chamaesyce urbanii Millsp. = Euphorbia dioeca Kunth
Habana 7: 155. 1870, nom. illeg.; Cnidoscolus peltatus Fern.
Chamaesyce vaginulata (Griseb.) Millsp. = Euphorbia vaginulata Casas, Fontqueria 55: 37. 2001, nom. superfl.
Griseb. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Chamaesyce vahlii (Willd. ex Klotzsch & Garcke) P. Wilson = References: 3, 39, 147, 149, 350, 427.
Euphorbia articulata Aubl. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Chamaesyce villosior (Greenm.) Millsp. = Euphorbia prostrata Aiton
Cnidoscolus regina (León) Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts, Kew Bull. 52: 183.
Chamaesyce wilsonii Millsp. = Euphorbia lecheoides Millsp. 1997; Jatropha regina León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe
Chamaesyce yayalesia (Urb.) Alain = Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia Poey’’ 12: 352. 1938; Victorinia regina (León) León, Mem. Soc.
Jacq. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 15: 242. 1941.
Clutia eluteria L. = Croton eluteria (L.) Sw.
References: 3, 39, 147, 427.
Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst., Contr. Gray Herb. 68: Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora
86. 1923, subsp. aconitifolius; Jatropha aconitifolia Mill., Gard. of Cuba (39) and critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Threatened Species.
Cnidoscolus fragrans (Kunth) Pohl, Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 63. 1827;
Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur, Torreya 21: 11. 1921; Jatropha urens L.,
Jatropha fragrans Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Sp. Pl. 1007. 1753.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Cnidoscolus quinquelobatus (Mill.) León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat.
Grenadines, Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Aruba,
“Felipe Poey” 15: 236. 1941; Jatropha quinquelobata Mill., Gard.
Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico,
Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
southeastern United States, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Devil nettle, Pica-pica (Lesser Antilles).
(Anegada, St. Croix), Lesser Antilles, and Margarita; native to
References: 1, 3, 147, 301, 323.
Mexico and Central America.
Common Names: Lechoso macho (Dominican Republic), Ricin bâtard, Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A. Juss., Euphorb. Gen. 80, 111.
Ricin brûlant, Manioc bâtard, Manioc brûlant (Lesser Antilles), 1824; Croton variegatus L., Sp. Pl. 1199. 1753.
Papayo macho, Papayuelo (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico,
References: 1, 3, 6, 58, 123, 132, 147, 252, 323, 383. Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Montserrat, St. Lucia), and Margarita; native to Malesia and the
Cnidoscolus acrandrus (Urb.) Pax & K. Hoffm. in H.G.A. Engler &
Pacific region.
K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 19c: 167. 1931; Jatropha
Common Names: Croton (Cuba), Carácter de hombre, Cola de paloma,
acrandra Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 515. 1913; Victorinia acrandra
Croto, Croton, Tirabuzón (Dominican Republic), Pirulí (Haiti),
(Urb.) León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 15: 243.
Croton de jardín, Periquito, Tirabuzón (Puerto Rico).
1941.
References: 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 230, 252, 323, 383.
Common Name: Pringa leche (Dominican Republic). Croton abeggii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 54. 1926.
References: 7, 147.
Cnidoscolus bellator (Ekman & Urb.) León, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat.
“Felipe Poey” 15: 237. 1941; Jatropha bellatrix Ekman ex Urb., Croton acunae Borhidi, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69: 48. 1977.
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 228. 1930. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cnidoscolus bellator (Ekman & Urb.) León var. bullatus León, Mem. References: 39, 147, 149.
Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 15: 237. 1941. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
References: 3, 147, 149. Croton adenophyllus Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 869. 1826; Croton humilis
Cnidoscolus bellator (Ekman & Urb.) León var. bullatus León = L. var. adenophyllus (Spreng.) Adams, Fl. Pl. Jamaica 414. 1972,
Cnidoscolus bellator (Ekman & Urb.) León nom. inval.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
References: 2, 147. Antigua, Martinique).
Common Names: Palo de berraco, Palo de barraco, Palo bellaco, Palo
Croton adpressus C. Wright & Griseb. = Croton craspedotrichus Griseb.
becerro (Dominican Republic), Coton marron (Haiti), Nanny bush
Croton alainii van Ee & P.E. Berry, Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 74: 158. (Lesser Antilles).
2008. References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 58, 61, 147.
Moacroton lanceolatus Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
Croton bispinosus C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
“De La Salle” 11: 4. 1952.
Habana 7: 152. 1870.
Moacroton lanceolatus Alain var. ellipticus Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta
Croton fulvus A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 212.
Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 10. 1972 [“1971”].
1850.
Moacroton lanceolatus Alain var. longifolius Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung.
36: 10. 1991 [“1990-1991”]
Common Name: Mejorana (Cuba).
Moacroton lanceolatus Alain var. varius Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
Hung. 22: 306. 1977 [“1976”].
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Croton bixoides Vahl = Croton micans Sw.
References: 3, 149, 472. Croton borhidii O. Muñiz, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69: 50.
Croton alloeophyllus Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 251. 1912. 1977, subsp. borhidii
Croton althaeifolius Mill. = Croton flavens L. Croton borhidii O. Muñiz subsp. baracoensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69: 51. 1977.
Croton angustatus Urb. = Croton cascarilla (L.) L.
Croton angustifolius Desv. ex Ham. = Croton vaillantii Geisel. References: 147, 149.
Croton aridicola Urb. = Croton humilis L. Croton brachytrichus Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 299. 1902.
Croton artibonitensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 51. 1926. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 7, 147, 149. Croton brittonianus Carabia, Caribbean Forest. 3: 120. 1942.
Croton astroites Dryand. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 375. 1789. Croton spinosus C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Croton guadeloupensis Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 55. 1825. Habana 7: 151. 1870, nom. illeg.
Croton venosus Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 24. 1822. Croton spinosus C. Wright var. heterolepis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico, Virgin Regni Veg. 28: 220. 1930; Croton heterolepis (Urb.) Borhidi &
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 62: 25. 1975.
Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, Dominica, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Common Name: Geranio (Cuba).
Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Martin). References: 3, 147, 149, 350.
Common Names: Black balsam, Balsam (Lesser Antilles), Marán, Maná Croton brittonii Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov.; Croton bahamensis Millsp.,
(Puerto Rico). Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(7): 308. 1909, nom. illeg.
References: 1, 19, 30, 58, 61, 147. Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Croton astroites Willd. = Croton flavens L. References: 45, 147, 149, 254.
Croton astrophorus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 298. 1924. Croton buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 384. 1908.
Croton azuensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 511. 1913. Croton camagueyanus Urb. = Croton origanifolius Lam.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Croton cascarilla (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1424. 1763.
References: 7, 30, 147. Croton angustatus Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 296. 1902.
Croton bahamensis Desv. ex Ham. = Croton glabellus L. Croton hippophaeoides A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
11: 212. 1850.
Croton bahamensis Millsp. = Croton brittonii Acev.-Rodr. Croton jaegerianus Müll. Arg., Flora 55: 7. 1872.
Croton balsamifer Jacq. = Croton flavens L. Croton kenskoffii Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 51. 1926.
Croton linearis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 32. 1760.
Croton balsamifer sensu Bello = Croton flavens L.
Croton linearis Jacq. var. dilatatus Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 385. 1908.
Croton barahonensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 256. 1912. Croton nipensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 196. 1924.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Croton picardae Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 297. 1902.
Common Names: Palo de barraco, Palo de berraco (Dominican Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and
Republic). United States (FL).
References: 7, 30, 147. References: 2, 3, 4, 7, 30, 45, 147, 351.
Croton belanseanus Urb. = Croton impressus Urb. Croton castaneifolius L. = Caperonia castaneifolia (L.) A. St.-Hil.
Croton betulinus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 98. 1791. Croton cerinus Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 570.
Aldinia glechomoides Raf., Autik. Bot. 50. 1840. 1866.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Croton cerinus Müll. Arg. f. langustifolius Hadač, Folia Geobot.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Phytotax. 5: 432. 1970.
number 9 8 • 325
Croton linifolius Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 217. 1930; Croton cristalensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 197. 1924; Moacroton
Croton cerinus Müll. Arg. var. linifolius (Urb.) Borhidi, Ann. cristalensis (Urb.) Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 191. 1945.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69: 48. 1977. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Croton procumbens C. Wright ex Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. References: 3, 30, 472.
Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 174. 1865. Croton cubanus Müll. Arg. = Croton corylifolius Lam.
References: 3, 147, 149. Croton cueroensis Britton & P. Wilson = Croton spiralis Müll. Arg.
Croton chaetodus Urb. = Croton ciliatoglandulifer Ortega Croton curvipes Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 50. 1926.
Croton chaetodus Urb. var. gonavensis Urb. = Croton ciliatoglandulifer References: 7, 147, 149.
Ortega
Croton cycloideus Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Natl.-Mus.
Croton chamaedrifolius Lam. = Acalypha chamaedrifolia (Lam.) Müll. Arg. Hung. 69: 53. 1977.
Croton choristolepis Urb. = Croton micans Sw. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Croton ciliatoglandulifer Ortega, Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec. 51. 1797.
Croton chaetodus Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 385. 1908. Croton dichotomus Willd. = Bernardia dichotoma (Willd.) Müll. Arg.
Croton chaetodus Urb. var. gonavensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni var. dichotoma
Veg. 18: 188. 1922. Croton discolor C. Wright ex Griseb. = Croton origanifolius Lam.
Croton fuertesii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 257. 1912.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, southern United States, Croton discolor Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 532. 1805.
Mexico, and Central America. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Hispaniola,
Common Names: Palo de berraco (Dominican Republic), Feuilles pere Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St. Thomas).
(Haiti). Common Names: Palo berracao, Palo verraco, Tremolina blanca
References: 3, 7, 147. (Dominican Republic), Lechecillo (Puerto Rico).
References: 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 147, 309.
Croton claraensis Urb. = Croton sagranus Müll. Arg.
Croton domingensis A. Rich. = Croton craspedotrichus Griseb.
Croton clavuliger Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 644.
1866. Croton domingensis Vahl ex Geiseler = Croton sidaefolius Lam.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Croton dussii Urb. = Croton guildingii Griseb.
Croton ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 194. 1924; Moacroton ekmanii
(Urb.) Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 191. 1945.
Cuba (39).
Moacroton gynopetalus Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 7. 1991
Croton corallicola Borhidi, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69: 47. [“1990-1991”].
1977. Moacroton tetramerus Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 17: 10. 1972 [“1971”].
Cuba (39).
Croton ekmanii Leonard = Croton origanifolius Lam.
Croton coronatus Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 247. 1912.
Croton ellipticus A. Rich. = Croton pervestitus C. Wright ex Griseb.
Croton inaequidens Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 248. 1912.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Croton eluteria (L.) Sw. = Croton eluteria (L.) W. Wright
Common Names: Palo de barraco, Palo de berraco (Dominican Croton eluteria (L.) W. Wright, London Med. J. 8: 249. 1787; Clutia
Republic). eluteria L., Sp. Pl. 1042. 1753.
References: 7, 30, 147. Croton eluteria (L.) Sw. subsp. homolepidus (Muell. Arg.) Borhidi, Ann.
Croton corylifolius Lam., Encycl. 2: 205. 1786. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69: 48. 1977; Croton homolepidus
Croton cubanus Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 94. 1865; Oxydectes cubana Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 518. 1866.
(Müll. Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 611. 1891. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Bahamas, Cuba,
Croton microdon Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 406. 1919. Hispaniola, and Jamaica.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles Common Names: Cascarilla bark, Eleuthera bark, Sweetwood bark
(Dominica, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), (Bahamas), Cascarilla bark (Jamaica).
Trinidad, and Venezuela. References: 2, 3, 7, 45, 147.
Common Names: Guásima roja (Cuba), Palo de perico, Hueledor Croton eluteria (L.) W. Wright subsp. homolepidus (Muell. Arg.)
(Dominican Republic). Borhidi = Croton eluteria (L.) W. Wright
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 147, 301.
Croton excisus Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 257. 1912.
Croton craspedotrichus Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg- Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Augusts-Univ. 1: 173. 1865. References: 3, 30, 147.
Croton adpressus C. Wright & Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss.
Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 173. 1865. Croton fishlockii Britton, Torreya 20: 84. 1920.
Croton domingensis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: Distribution: Endemic to Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. John,
213. 1850. Tortola, Virgin Gorda).
Croton scaberrimus Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 125. 1865. References: 19, 58, 61, 147, 149.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Croton flavens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1276. 1759.
References: 3, 147. Croton astroites Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 554. 1805.
Croton balsamifer Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 32. 1760; Croton flavens L. Croton grisebachianus Müll. Arg., Flora 47: 484. 1864.
var. balsamifer (Jacq.) Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
15(2): 613. 1866. References: 2, 147.
Croton flavens L. var. rigidus Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. Croton guadeloupensis Desv. ex Ham. = Croton astroites Dryand.
15(2.2): 613. 1866; Croton rigidus (Müll. Arg.) Britton in N.L.
Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 481. Croton guildingii Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 38. 1859.
1924. Croton dussii Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 15. 1909; Croton subglaber Urb.,
Croton portoricensis P.T. Li, Guihaia 14: 131. 1994. Symb. Antill. 3: 301. 1902, nom. illeg.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Croton jardinii Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 119. 1865.
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Croton wullschaegelianus Müll. Arg., Flora 55: 10. 1872.
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Grenadines,
Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Curaçao, and
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Redonda, Saba, St. northern South America.
Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Common Names: Baume bâtard, Baume-pays, Bois petit baume, Ti
Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and baume, Ti bomm wonj (Lesser Antilles).
Venezuela. References: 1, 30, 147, 301, 254.
Common Names: Cough bush, Rock balsam (Bahamas), Palo Croton haitiensis P.T. Li, Guihaia 14: 131. 1994.
blanco, Palo de barraco, Palo de berraco, Palo becerro, Paobelia Croton nanus Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 56. 1926, nom. illeg.
(Dominican Republic), Feuilles père (Haiti), Yellow balsam Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
(Jamaica), Balsam, Copaiba, Rock sage, Sage, Ti baum (Lesser References: 7, 147.
Antilles).
Croton helicoideus Müll. Arg. = Croton micans Sw.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 147, 149, 152, 323, 349, 418.
Croton heterolepis (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Croton brittonianus
Croton flavens L. var. balsamifer (Jacq.) Müll. Arg. = Croton flavens L.
Carabia
Croton francavillanus Müll. Arg. = Croton pervestitus C. Wright ex
Croton heteropleurus Urb. = Croton monogynus Urb.
Griseb.
Croton hialmarsonii Griseb. = Croton glabellus L.
Croton fruticosus Mill. = Croton glabellus L.
Croton hippophaeoides A. Rich. = Croton cascarilla (L.) L.
Croton fuertesii Urb. = Croton ciliatoglandulifer Ortega
Croton hircinus Vent., Jard. Malmaison 1: 50. 1803.
Croton fulvus A. Rich. = Croton bispinosus C. Wright
Croton populifolius Sw., Prodr. 101. 1788, nom. illeg., non Mill.
Croton glabellus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1275. 1759. Croton populifolius Lam., Encycl. 2: 205. 1786, nom. illeg., non Mill.
Croton bahamensis Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 55. 1825. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Grenada,
Croton fruticosus Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad,
Croton hialmarsonii Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 40. 1859. Curaçao, Margarita, Panama, and South America.
Croton lucidus L. var. polytrichus Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 335. 1899. Common Name: Ti baume (Lesser Antilles).
Croton lucidus sensu authors, non L. References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 301, 323.
Croton portoricensis Vahl ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 447. 1840.
Croton hirtus L’Hér., Stirp. Nov. 17. 1785; Croton glandulosus L. var.
hirtus (L’Hér.) Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2):
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Central America.
684. 1866.
Common Names: Ají de costa, Coabilla de costa, Cuaba de ingenio,
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Cuabilla, Cuabilla de sabana (Cuba), Caobilla de costa
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
(Dominican Republic), Fait pine marron (Haiti), Basket hoop,
Cascarilla bark, Wild camphor (Jamaica).
Common Names: Herbe aux ortolans, Ortie-savane (Lesser Antilles).
References: 2, 3, 4, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 132, 147, 309, 418.
Croton glandulosus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1275. 1759.
Croton holguinensis Borhidi, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69: 49.
Croton glandulosus L. var. glabratus Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 336. 1899.
1977.
Decarinium latifolium Raf., Autik. Bot. 49. 1840.
Islands (St. Croix), Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, United States,
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Croton homolepidus Müll. Arg. = Croton eluteria (L.) W. Wright
Common Names: Anís cimarrón (Cuba), Vente conmigo (Puerto Rico). Croton humilis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1276. 1759.
References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 147, 224, 323, 340. Croton aridicola Urb., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1276. 1759.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Croton glandulosus L. var. glabratus Urb. = Croton glandulosus L. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), southern United States, Mexico, and
Central America.
Croton glandulosus L. var. hirtus (L’Hér.) Müll. Arg. = Croton hirtus
Common Names: Pepper-bush (Bahamas), Palo becerro, Palo de
L’Hér.
barraco, Palo de berraco, Palo de véliagque, Palo de verraco Palo
Croton globosus Sw. = Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle véiaque, Paobelia (Dominican Republic), Feuilles pére (Haiti),
subsp. globosus Pepper rod (Jamaica), Yerba bellaca (Puerto Rico).
Croton gonaivensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 61. 1928. References: 2, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 123, 147, 340.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Croton humilis L. var. adenophyllus (Spreng.) Adams = Croton
References: 7, 147. adenophyllus Spreng.
number 9 8 • 327
Croton humilis L. var. origanifolius (Lam.) Griseb. = Croton Croton wilsonii Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 40. 1859.
origanifolius Lam. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 2, 147.
Croton impressus Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 335. 1899.
Croton belanseanus Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 52. 1926. Croton lucidus sensu authors = Croton glabellus L.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Croton lucidus L. var. polytrichus Urb. = Croton glabellus L.
Puerto Rico.
References: 7, 58, 61, 149, 309. Croton macrophyllus Sw. = Lasiocroton macrophyllus (Sw.) Griseb.
Croton inaequidens Urb. = Croton coronatus Urb. Croton maestrensis (Alain) B.W. van Ee & P. E. Berry, Bot. Rev.
(Lancaster) 74: 159. 2008; Cubacroton maestrense Alain,
Croton incrustatus Urb. = Croton monogynus Urb. Candollea 17: 116. 1960; Moacroton maestrense (Alain)
Croton jacmelianus Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 49. 1926. Radcl.-Sm., Gen. Euphorbiacearum 319. 2001.
Croton jaegerianus Müll. Arg. = Croton cascarilla (L.) L. Croton mansfeldii Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 55. 1926.
Croton jamaicensis B.W. van Ee & P.E. Berry, Syst. Bot. 34: 132. 2009.
Common Name: Fait peine (Haiti).
References: 7, 147.
Reference: 422.
Croton martinicensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 295. 1902.
Croton jardinii Müll. Arg. = Croton guildingii Griseb.
Croton jaucoensis Borhidi, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69: 46. References: 30, 147.
1977.
Croton megaladenus Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 298. 1902.
References: 7, 30.
Cuba (39). Croton micans Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2(2): 1185. 1800.
Croton bixoides Vahl, Croton. Monogr. 53. 1807.
Croton kenskoffii Urb. = Croton cascarilla (L.) L.
Croton choristolepis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 407. 1919.
Croton koehneanus Urb. = Croton polytomus Urb. Croton helicoideus Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 97. 1865.
Croton krugianus Urb. = Croton polytomus Urb. Croton niveus sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 40. 1859, non Jacq.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenadines,
Croton laurinus Sw., Prodr. 100. 1788. Martinique, St. Lucia), Trinidad and northern South America;
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. dubious in Jamaica.
References: 2, 147, 427. Common Names: Baume blanc, Bois petit baume, Grand balsam blanc,
Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Ti baum blanc (Lesser Antilles).
Species. References: 1, 30, 147, 422.
Croton leonis (Croizat) B.W. van Ee & P.E. Berry, Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) Note: The type of this species was dubiously collected from Jamaica,
74: 159. 2008; Moacroton leonis Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: therefore, the species may not occur there.
220. 1942. Croton micradenus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 457. 1914.
Croton leprosus Willd. = Leucocroton leprosus (Willd.) Pax & K. Hoffm. Croton microcarpus Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 55. 1825.
Croton leucophlebius C. Wright ex Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Croton nummulariifolius A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba,
Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 172. 1865. Bot. 11: 211. 1850.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
References: 3, 147. Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, St. Barthélemy).
Common Names: Coronilla, Manzanilla, Yerba del caridad, Yerba de
Croton lindenianus A. Rich. = Croton origanifolius Lam.
la caridad del cobre, Yerba del cobre, Yerba de la virgen, Yerba de
Croton lindmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 37. 1921. la virgen de la caridad del cobre (Cuba), Sweet marjoram (Lesser
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Antilles).
Croton linearis Jacq. = Croton cascarilla (L.) L. Croton microdon Urb. = Croton corylifolius Lam
Croton linearis Jacq. var. dilatatus Urb. = Croton cascarilla (L.) L. Croton microstachyus Desv. ex Ham. = Croton sidifolius Lam.
Croton linifolius Urb. = Croton cerinus Müll. Arg. Croton miraflorensis Borhidi, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69:
Croton litoralis Urb. subsp. rugelianus (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz = 49. 1977.
Croton stenophyllus Griseb. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Croton litoralis Urb. var. litoralis = Croton stenophyllus Griseb.
Croton moanus Urb. = Croton monogynus Urb.
Croton litoralis Urb. var. rugelianus Urb. = Croton stenophyllus Griseb.
Croton monogynus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 455. 1914.
Croton lobatus L. = Astraea lobata (L.) Klotzsch Croton heteropleurus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 453. 1914.
Croton lucidus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1275. 1759. Croton incrustatus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 454. 1914.
Croton moanus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 219. 1930. Croton origanifolius Lam. var. discolor Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 617. 1866.
References: 3, 39, 147. Croton origanifolius Lam. var. gracilis Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 618. 1866.
Cuba (39). Croton rectangularis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 220.
1930.
Croton moustiquensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 48. 1926.
Croton siguaneanus Urb. & Ekman, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28:
219. 1930.
References: 7, 147.
Croton multicostatus Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 79. 1865. Hispaniola.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and Venezuela. Common Names: Romero de costa, Telamar (Cuba), Croto, Croton
References: 7, 147. (Dominican Republic), Copahy, Coupaye, Cronton (Haiti).
Croton munizii Borhidi, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69: 51. References: 3, 7, 147, 351.
1977. Croton origanifolius Lam. var. abbreviatus Urb. = Croton origanifolius
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Lam.
Croton origanifolius Lam. var. discolor Müll. Arg. = Croton
Croton myricifolius Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts- origanifolius Lam.
Univ. 1: 175. 1865.
Croton origanifolius Lam. var. gracilis Müll. Arg. = Croton
origanifolius Lam.
References: 3, 147.
Croton ovalifolius Vahl in H. West, Bidr. Beskr. Ste. Croix 307. 1793.
Croton nanus Urb. & Ekman = Croton haitiensis P.T. Li
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Virgin Islands (St. Croix,
Croton nephrophyllus Urb. & Ekman = Croton origanifolius Lam. St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
Croton nipensis Urb. = Croton cascarilla (L.) L. (Guadeloupe), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico,
Croton nitens Sw., Prodr. 100. 1788. References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 61, 147, 323.
Croton sloanei Benn., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4: 30. 1860.
Croton squamulosus Vahl. in E.F. Geiseler, Croton Monogr. 52. 1807. Croton pachyrachis Alain, Candollea 17: 115. 1960.
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
and Central America. Reference: 147.
References: 4, 147, 472. Croton pachysepalus Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 159. 1860.
Croton niveus Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 32. 1760. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Croton populifolius Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768, nom. illeg. Hispaniola (Haiti).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Grenada, References: 3, 7, 147.
Grenadines, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, Croton pallidus Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2.2): 614.
Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and northern 1866.
South America. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Name: White stock (Lesser Antilles). Common Name: Baume marrón (Haiti).
Croton niveus sensu Griseb. = Croton micans Sw. Croton palustris L. = Caperonia palustris (L.) A. St.-Hil.
Croton nummulariifolius A. Rich. = Croton microcarpus Ham. Croton panduriformis Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2):
Croton ophiticola Borhidi, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69: 51. 671. 1866.
References: 147, 149. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Croton orientensis Borhidi, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69: 48.
1977. Croton pervestitus C. Wright ex Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 172. 1865.
References: 147, 149. Croton ellipticus A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
212. 1850.
Croton origanifolius Lam., Encycl. 2: 205. 1786; Croton humilis L. var. Croton francavillanus Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 111. 1865.
origanifolius (Lam.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 41. 1859. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Croton camagueyanus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 218. References: 3, 147, 351.
1930.
Croton discolor C. Wright ex Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg- Croton picardae Urb. = Croton cascarilla (L.) L.
Augusts-Univ. 1: 172. 1865, nom. illeg. Croton plumieri Urb. = Croton vaillantii Geisel.
Croton ekmanii Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 69. 1927, nom. illeg.
Croton poecilanthus Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 334. 1899.
Croton lindenianus A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
212. 1850.
Common Name: Sabinón (Puerto Rico).
Croton nephrophyllus Urb. & Ekman, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
28: 218. 1930.
Croton origanifolius Lam. var. abbreviatus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Croton poitaei Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 300. 1902.
Regni Veg. 18: 187. 1922. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
number 9 8 • 329
Common Names: Copaiba, Croton, Palo blanco, Palo de barraco, Palo Croton sidifolius Lam., Encycl. 2: 204. 1786.
de becerro, Palo de berraco, Palo santo (Dominican Republic), Croton domingensis Vahl ex Geiseler, Croton. Monogr. 42. 1807.
Copahy, Copaye, Bois mouton (Haiti). Croton microstachyus Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 56. 1825.
Common Names: Bailla marron, Santa Maria, Yerba blanca de sabana
Croton polytomus Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 293. 1902.
(Dominican Republic), Bois cabrite, Bois cabrits (Haiti).
Croton koehneanus Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 249. 1912.
References: 7, 30, 123, 147, 309.
Croton krugianus Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 250. 1912.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Croton siguaneanus Urb. & Ekman = Croton origanifolius Lam.
Common Names: Jay-jai, Copaiba, Croton (Dominican Republic), Croton spinosus C. Wright = Croton brittonianus Carabia
Copahy, Jay-jay, Jay-lay, Lay-lay (Haiti).
References: 7, 30, 123, 147. Croton spinosus C. Wright var. heterolepis Urb. = Croton brittonianus
Carabia
Croton populifolius Mill. = Croton hircinus Vent.
Croton spiralis Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 125. 1865.
Croton portoricensis Vahl ex Steud. = Croton glabellus L. Croton cueroensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 75.
Croton portoricensis P.T. Li = Croton flavens L. 1920.
Croton priorianus Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 295. 1902.
References: 3, 7, 147, 156.
References: 2, 30. Croton stenophyllus Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 158. 1860.
Croton litoralis Urb. var. litoralis, Symb. Antill. 3: 294. 1902.
Croton procumbens C. Wright ex Griseb. = Croton cerinus Müll. Arg.
Croton rugelianus (Urb.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 453.
var. linifolius (Urb.) Borhidi
1914; Croton litoralis Urb. var. rugelianus Urb., Symb. Antill. 3:
Croton prostratus Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 195. 1924. 294. 1902; Croton litoralis Urb. subsp. rugelianus (Urb.) Borhidi
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 62: 25. 1975.
References: 3, 30, 39, 74, 147. Croton sabanensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 458. 1914.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Croton stenophyllus Griseb. var. longifolius Kitan., Fitologiya 11: 47.
Cuba (39). 1979.
Croton prunifolius Vahl = Croton punctatus Jacq. Croton tenuiramis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 456. 1914.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Puerto
Croton punctatus Jacq., Collectanea 1: 166. 1787 [“1786”]. Rico.
Croton prunifolius Vahl in E.F. Geiseler, Croton Monogr. 47. 1807. Common Names: Clavellina de laguna, Tilo, Verraco (Cuba).
Lasiocroton prunifolius Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg- References: 3, 30, 58, 147, 149, 152.
Augusts-Univ. 1: 175. 1865.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Margarita, southern United States, Croton stenophyllus Griseb. var. longifolius Kitan. = Croton
Mexico, Central America, and Colombia. stenophyllus Griseb.
References: 3, 147, 323. Croton subdecumbens Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus.
Croton rectangularis Urb. = Croton origanifolius Lam. Natl. Hung. 69: 46. 1977.
Croton revolutus (Alain) B.E. van Ee & P. E. Berry, Bot. Rev. References: 39, 147, 149.
(Lancaster) 74: 159. 2008; Moacroton revolutus Alain, Contr. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 11: 3. 1952; Cuba (39).
Moacroton lanceolatus Alain subsp. revolutus (Alain) Borhidi,
Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 10. 1991 [“1990-1991”]. Croton subglaber Urb. = Croton guildingii Griseb.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Croton sublucidus Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 128. 1865.
References: 3, 39, 149, 472. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Cuba (39).
Croton tenuiramis Urb. = Croton stenophyllus Griseb.
Croton rigidus (Müll. Arg.) Britton = Croton flavens L.
Croton tiglium L., Sp. Pl. 1004. 1753.
Croton rosmarinoides Millsp. in N.L. Britton & C.F. Millspaugh, Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to tropical and subtropical Asia.
Bahama Fl. 222. 1920; Croton rosmarinifolius Griseb., Nachr. References: 147, 254.
Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 174. 1865, nom. illeg.
Croton trigonocarpus C. Wright ex Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss.
Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 173. 1865; Moacroton trigonocarpus
Islands, and Cuba.
(C. Wright ex Griseb.) Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 190. 1945.
References: 3, 4, 45, 147, 149.
Croton rugelianus Urb. = Croton stenophyllus Griseb. References: 3, 147.
Croton sabanensis Urb. = Croton stenophyllus Griseb. Croton trinitatis Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(1):
Croton sagranus Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 617. 57. 1900.
1866 [as sagraeanus]. Distribution: Cultivated in Virgin Islands (St. Thomas); native to
Croton claraensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 408. 1917. Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 3, 147, 149. Croton tropidophyllus Urb. = Croton viminalis Griseb.
Croton scaberrimus Müll. Arg. = Croton craspedotrichus Griseb. Croton urticifolius Lam., Encycl. 2: 219. 1786.
Croton sessiliflorus Sw. = Savia sessiliflora (Sw.) Willd. (Phyllanthaceae)
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique); native to South Decarinium latifolium Raf. = Croton glandulosus L.
America (Brazil). *Dendrocousinsia alpina Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 57: 313. 1919;
References: 147, 254. Sebastiania alpina (Fawc. & Rendle) Pax & Hoffm. in H.G.A.
Croton vaccinioides A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 19c: 193. 1931.
References: 3, 147. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species.
Croton vaillantii Geisel., Croton. Monogr. 10. 1807.
Croton angustifolius Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 56. 1825. *Dendrocousinsia fasciculata Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus.,
Croton plumieri Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 252. 1912. Bot. Ser. 2(9): 375. 1913; Sebastiania fasciculata (Millsp.) Pax &
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. K. Hoffm. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 147 VII (Heft 63): 422.
Common Names: Cascarille, Copachi, Copaiba, Croto, Croton, Palo de 1914.
barraco, Palo de becerro, Palo de berraco, Palo de verraco, Palo Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
santo (Dominican Republic), Baume marron, Colpachy, Copahy References: 2, 147, 427.
(Haiti). Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
References: 7, 30, 123, 147. Species.
Croton variegatus L. = Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A. Juss. *Dendrocousinsia spicata Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus.,
Bot. Ser. 2(9): 375. 1913; Sebastiania spicata (Millsp.) Pax &
Croton venosus Spreng. = Croton astroites Dryand.
K. Hoffm. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 147 VII (Heft 63): 422.
Croton viminalis Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 158. 1860. 1914.
Croton tropidophyllus Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 196. 1924. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Croton yunquensis Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts- References: 2, 147, 427.
Univ. 1: 171. 1865. Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
References: 3, 30, 39, 147.
Discoplis serrata Raf. = Mercurialis annua L.
Cuba (39). Ditaxis fasciculata Vahl ex A. Juss., Euphorb. Gen. 110. 1824;
Argythamnia fasciculata (Vahl ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34:
Croton waltherioides Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 292. 1902.
146. 1865.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (St. Martin), Puerto Rico,
References: 7, 30.
Croton wilsonii Griseb. = Croton lucidus L. Virgin Gorda), and Brazil.
Croton wullschlaegelianus Müll. Arg. = Croton guildingii Griseb. References: 1, 3, 19, 58, 61, 147.
Croton yunquensis Griseb. = Croton viminalis Griseb. Ditaxis glabella Griseb. = Ditaxis polygama (Jacq.) Wheeler
Cubacroton maestrensis Alain = Croton maestrensis (Alain) B.W. Ditaxis haemiolandra Griseb. = Adelia ricinella L.
van Ee & P. E. Berry Ditaxis haitiensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 58. 1926; Argythamnia
Cubanthus brittonii Millsp. = Euphorbia millspaughii V.W. Steinm. & haitiensis (Urb.) J.W. Ingram, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 84: 423.
P.E. Berry 1957.
Cubanthus linearifolius (Griseb.) Millsp. = Euphorbia scutiformis V.W. Common Name: Sainte Marie (Haiti).
Steinm. & P.E. Berry References: 5, 7, 147.
Cubanthus umbelliformis Urb. & Ekman = Euphorbia umbelliformis Ditaxis polygama (Jacq.) Wheeler, Contr. Gray Herb. 126: 39. 1939;
(Urb. & Ekman) V.W. Steinm. & P.E. Berry Argythamnia polygama (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 593.
Curcas hernandiifolia (Vent.) Britton = Jatropha hernandiifolia Vent. 1891.
Ditaxis glabella Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 171.
Curcas portoricensis Baill. = Jatropha hernandiifolia Vent.
1857.
Dalechampia denticulata C. Wright ex Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua,
Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 181. 1865. Barbados, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Vincent), Trinidad, Curaçao, and northern South America.
References: 3, 147. Common Name: Bois d’argent (Lesser Antilles).
Dalechampia scandens L., Sp. Pl. 1054. 1753. References: 1, 3, 36, 147, 301.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin *Ditta maestrensis Borhidi, Acta Agron. Acad. Sci. Hung. 27: 433. 1978.
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Marie References: 7, 147, 307.
Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
*Ditta myricoides Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 160. 1860.
St. Martin, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita,
Ditta myricoides Griseb. var. parvifolia Kitan., Fitologiya 11: 47. 1979.
Common Names: Artijilla, Machacha, Mala mujer, Pica-pica
and Puerto Rico.
(Dominican Republic), Gratey, Liane fourmi, Liane gratté, Poil a
Common Name: Jaboncillo (Puerto Rico).
gratter, Pois gratté, Pois gratter (Haiti), Liane-ortie, Liane poilue,
References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 147.
Ortie rouge (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61, 150, 301, 323, 340. Ditta myricoides Griseb. var. parvifolia Kitan. = Ditta myricoides Griseb.
number 9 8 • 331
Euphorbia abbreviata Correll = Euphorbia inaguaensis Oudejans Euphorbia stipitata Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(1):
65. 1900.
Euphorbia adenoptera Bertol., Misc. Bot. 3: 20. 1844, subsp.
adenoptera; Chamaesyce adenoptera (Bertol.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S.
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
714. 1903.
Barthélemy), Mexico, and South America.
Euphorbia barkeri Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 67. 1926.
Common Names: Tabac à diable bâtard, Tabac à jacot petit, Ti teigne
Euphorbia lindeniana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
(Lesser Antilles).
11: 197. 1850.
References: 1, 3, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 147.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, United States (FL), Mexico,
Central America, and South America. Euphorbia biramensis Urb. = Euphorbia serpens Kunth
References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 147, 149. Euphorbia blodgettii Engelm. ex Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot.
Euphorbia adenoptera Bertol. subsp. canescens (Proctor) Oudejans, Gard. 4: 126. 1893; Chamaesyce blodgettii (Engelm. ex Hitchc.)
Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 183. 1993 [“1992”]; Chamaesyce Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 712. 1903.
adenoptera (Bertol.) Small subsp. canescens Proctor, Ann. Euphorbia batabanensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 390. 1908.
Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 98. 1966. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Tortola), southeastern
References: 7, 8, 147, 240. United States, Mexico, and Central America.
References: 2, 3, 4, 45, 58, 61, 147.
Euphorbia alainii Oudejans, Phytologia 67: 44. 1989.
Chamaesyce montana Alain, Moscosoa 1(1): 25. 1976. Euphorbia bombensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 22. 1760.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Euphorbia poliosperma Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 235.
References: 7, 8, 14, 147. 1930.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, southeastern United States, Mexico,
Euphorbia alata Hook., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 7: t. 700. 1844.
Central America, and South America (Venezuela).
References: 3, 147.
References: 2, 147.
Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. = Euphorbia hyssopifolia L.
Euphorbia antiquorum L., Sp. Pl. 450. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Croix); native to Asia and Euphorbia brittonii Millsp. = Euphorbia minutula Boiss.
Malesia. Euphorbia bruntii (Proctor) Oudejans, Phytologia 67: 44. 1989;
References: 147, 230. Chamaesyce bruntii Proctor, Sloanea 1: 2. 1977.
Euphorbia articulata Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 480. 1775; Chamaesyce Distribution: Endemic to Cayman Islands.
articulata (Aubl.) Britton, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 574. References: 4, 147.
1916. Euphorbia buxifolia Lam. = Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia Jacq.
Chamaesyce vahlii (Willd. ex Klotzsch & Garcke) P. Wilson, Bull. New
York Bot. Gard. 8: 395. 1917. Euphorbia camagueyensis (Millsp.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 217. 1924;
Euphorbia linearis Retz., Observ. Bot. 3: 32. 1783. Chamaesyce camagueyensis Millsp., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Bot. Ser. 2: 392. 1914.
Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Chamaesyce pinariona (Urb.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Colegio “De La Salle” 11: 12. 1952; Euphorbia pinariona Urb.,
Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 234. 1930.
Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
St. Martin, St. Vincent). References: 3, 30, 147, 152.
Common Names: Bushy spurge (Bahamas), Bois lait (Lesser Antilles). Euphorbia capitata Lam. = Euphorbia hirta L.
References: 1, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 147.
Euphorbia cassythoides Boiss., Cent. Euphorb. 20. 1860;
Euphorbia bahiensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. in A.L.P.P. de Arthrothamnus cassythoides (Boiss.) Millsp., Publ. Field
Candolle, Prodr. 15(2.1): 24. 1862; Chamaesyce bahiensis Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(7): 306. 1909.
(Klotzsch & Garcke) Dugand & D.G. Burch, Ann. Missouri Bot. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cayman
Gard. 54: 344. 1968. Islands, Cuba, and Hispaniola.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Central America, and South America. Common Name: Leafless Cuban spurge (Bahamas).
Euphorbia balbisii Boiss., Cent. Euphorb. 11. 1860; Chamaesyce Euphorbia cayensis Millsp., Torreya 4: 172. 1904; Chamaesyce
balbisii (Boiss.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. cayensis (Millsp.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
2(11): 408. 1916. 2(7): 301. 1909.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, Chamaesyce bracei (Millsp.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot.
Guadeloupe). Ser. 2(7): 302. 1909.
References: 1, 147. Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Euphorbia barkeri Urb. & Ekman = Euphorbia adenoptera Bertol. Common Name: Bahama spurge (Bahamas).
subsp. adenoptera References: 45, 147.
Euphorbia batabanensis Urb. = Euphorbia blodgettii Engelm. ex Euphorbia centunculoides Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Hitchc. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 51.
1817; Chamaesyce centunculoides (Kunth) Millsp., Publ. Field
Euphorbia berteroana Balb., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 794. 1826; Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(11): 408. 1916.
Chamaesyce berteroana (Balb.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Chamaesyce insulisalis Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(7): 303. 1909. 2(10): 395. 1914.
Chamaesyce pachypoda (Urb.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Euphorbia defoliata Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 264. 1912.
Colegio “De La Salle” 11: 12. 1952; Euphorbia pachypoda Urb., Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Symb. Antill. 9: 216. 1924. References: 7, 30, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba. Euphorbia dioeca Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
References: 3, 30, 45, 147, 152. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 53. 1817;
Euphorbia cotinifolia L., Sp. Pl. 453. 1753. Chamaesyce dioeca (Kunth) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus.,
Euphorbia cotinoides Miq., Stirp. Surinam. Select. 96. 1851. Bot. Ser. 2(10): 384. 1914.
Distribution: Exotic and cultivated in Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Chamaesyce urbanii Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Grenadines, Martinique, Montserrat, 2(11): 412. 1916.
St. Vincent), Bonaire, Curaçao, Tobago, and Trinidad; native to Euphorbia villosula Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 340. 1899.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire,
Common Name: Carrasco (Puerto Rico). Curaçao, Mexico, Central America, and northern South America.
References: 1, 4, 6, 7, 58, 147, 301. References: 7, 30, 147, 240.
Note: Cited by World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (147) as
Euphorbia cotinoides Miq. = Euphorbia cotinifolia L.
occurring in Cuba, but otherwise not known to us from that
Euphorbia cowellii (Millsp.) Oudejans, Phytologia 67: 45. 1989; island.
Chamaesyce cowellii Millsp., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 457.
Euphorbia domingensis Spreng. ex Boiss. = Euphorbia hyssopifolia L.
1916.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Euphorbia dorsiventralis Urb. = Euphorbia mendezii Boiss.
Puerto Rico. Euphorbia dumosa A. Rich. = Euphorbia trichotoma Kunth
References: 7, 58, 61, 147.
Euphorbia dussii Krug & Urb., Fl. Phan. Antill. Franc. 44. 1897.
Euphorbia crassinodis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 340. 1899; Chamaesyce Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia).
crassinodis (Urb.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. References: 1, 147.
2(11): 408. 1916.
Euphorbia serpens sensu Griseb. (in part), Cat. Pl. Cub. 20. 1866, non Euphorbia eggersii Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 343. 1899.
Kunth. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 3, 30, 147. Euphorbia excisa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 66. 1928. Type.
Euphorbia cubensis Boiss. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2.2): Haiti, Massif de la Selle. Ekman H-6986.
1265. 1866; Euphorbiodendron cubense (Boiss.) Millsp., Publ. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(7): 306. 1909. References: 147, 149.
Euphorbia cyanogala C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 21. 1866. Note: A species not treated in Liogier’s Flora de La Española.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Euphorbia exumensis (Millsp.) Correll = Euphorbia lecheoides Millsp.
Euphorbia filicaulis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 217. 1924; Chamaesyce
filicaulis (Urb.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
Cuba (39).
La Salle” 11: 12. 1952.
Euphorbia cyanogala C. Wright ex Griseb. = Euphorbia cubensis Boiss. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Euphorbia cyathophora Murray, Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 7: References: 3, 30, 147.
81. 1786; Euphorbia heterophylla L. var. cyathophora (Murray) Euphorbia glomerifera (Millsp.) L.C. Wheeler = Euphorbia
Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 45. 1859; Poinsettia cyathophora (Murray) hypericifolia L.
Klotzsch & Garcke, Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin
Euphorbia graminea Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 151. 1763.
1859: 253. 1859.
Euphorbia pedunculosa A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Euphorbia graminifolia Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 210. 1803.
11: 198. 1850.
Euphorbia heterophylla L. var. graminifolia Engelm., Rep. U.S. Mex.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), Aruba,
Bound., Bot. 2(1): 190. 1858 [“1859”].
Bonaire, Curaçao, Mexico, and South America.
Poinsettia pinetorum Small, Fl. Miami 111. 1913.
References: 3, 147, 223, 224.
Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Redonda, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Euphorbia graminifolia Michx. = Euphorbia cyathophora Murray
Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Euphorbia gundlachii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 392. 1908; Chamaesyce
St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), United States, Mexico, Central adenoptera (Bertol.) Small subsp. gundlachii (Urb.) D.G. Burch,
America, and South America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 98. 1966; Chamaesyce gundlachii
Common Names: Cotorrita (Cuba), Yerba lechera (Dominican (Urb.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle”
Republic), Maravilla (Puerto Rico). 11: 12. 1952.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 147, 224, 301. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. References: 3, 30, 147.
Euphorbia cymosa Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 2: Euphorbia gymnadenia Urb. = Euphorbia pergamena Small
611. 1812.
Euphorbia nudiflora Jacq., Collectanea 3: 180. 1791 [“1789”]. Euphorbia gymnonota Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 396. 1908; Adenorima
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent) and South gymnonota (Urb.) Millsp. in N.L. Britton & C.F. Millspaugh,
America. Bahama Fl. 234. 1920.
number 9 8 • 333
Euphorbia helenae Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 393. 1908, subsp. helenae Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, southern United States,
Euphorbiodendron shaferi Millsp., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Ser. 2: 373. 1913. Common Names: Golondrina, Teta de vieja, Yerba de la niña, Yerba
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. lechera, Yerba lechosa (Cuba), Herbe mal-non, Malnommée vraie,
References: 3, 30, 147. Zebe malnommée (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 132, 147, 301, 323.
Euphorbia helenae Urb. subsp. grandifolia Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta
Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 11. 1972 [“1971”]. Euphorbia hypericifolia L., Sp. Pl. 454. 1753; Chamaesyce
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. hypericifolia (L.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
References: 147, 149. 2(7): 302. 1909.
Chamaesyce glomerifera Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
Euphorbia helwigii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 65. 1928;
2(9): 377. 1913; Euphorbia glomerifera (Millsp.) L.C. Wheeler,
Chamaesyce helwigii (Urb. & Ekman) D.G. Burch, Ann. Missouri
Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 78. 1939.
Bot. Gard. 53: 98. 1966.
Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola),
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada,
Euphorbia hepatica Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 113. 1929; Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
Chamaesyce hepatica (Urb. & Ekman) D.G. Burch, Ann. Missouri Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita,
Bot. Gard. 53: 98. 1966. North America, Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic) and Navassa. Common Names: Yerba de la niña, Yerba de la niña roja, Yerba lechera,
References: 7, 30, 147. Yerba lechosa (Cuba), Malnommee verte, Ti lait (Lesser Antilles).
Euphorbia heterophylla L., Sp. Pl. 453. 1753; Poinsettia heterophylla References: 1, 3, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 132, 301, 323, 340.
(L.) Klotzsch & Garcke, Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Euphorbia hyssopifolia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1048. 1759; Chamaesyce
Berlin 1859: 253. 1859. hyssopifolia (L.) Small, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 429. 1905.
Euphorbia heterophylla L. var. linifolia Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 605. Chamaesyce jenningsii Millsp., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 465. 1916.
1891. Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam., Encycl. 2: 423. 1788.
Euphorbia linifolia Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 53. 1791, nom. illeg. Euphorbia domingensis Spreng. ex Boiss. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr.
Euphorbia trachyphylla A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 15(2.1): 24. 1862.
11: 198. 1850. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Poinsettia geniculata (Ortega) Klotzsch & Garcke, Monatsber. Kúnigl. Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana,St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser
Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 253. 1859. Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Montserrat,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Bonaire, Curaçao, southern United States, Mexico, Central
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, America, and South America.
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Common Names: Pica pollo, Yerba lechera, Yerba lechosa (Cuba).
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin), References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 147, 301.
Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita, southern United States, Mexico,
Euphorbia imbricata Sessé & Moc. = Euphorbia sessei Oudejans
Common Names: Governor Grant’s livery, Jacob’s ladder (Bahamas), Euphorbia inaguaensis Oudejans, Phytologia 67: 46. 1989.
Chisposo, Corazón de Maria, Cotorrita, Lechosa, Yerba lechera, Euphorbia abbreviata Correll, Sida 8: 317. 1980, nom. illeg.
Yerba lechosa (Cuba), Lechecilla, Leche vana, Poinsettia, Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Sanguinaria, Yerba de leche, Yerba de lechera, Yerba lechera, References: 45, 147.
Yerba lechosa, Yerba ranchera (Dominican Republic), Caca poule, Euphorbia inflexa Urb. & Ekman = Euphorbia serpens Kunth
Deshomme, Deux hommes, Deux saisons, Feuilles crabe baramba,
Feuilles Z’a rien, Plante rageur, Saint Jean d’Hiver (Haiti), Euphorbia lactea Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ. 127. 1812.
Galloping warner, Male ipecac (Lesser Antilles), Acerca amor, Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Lechecilla Leche vana (Puerto Rico). Islands (Guana,St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), and Margarita;
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 147, 301, 323. native to Sri Lanka.
Common Names: Mottled spurge (Bahamas), Cardón, Cruz de
Euphorbia heterophylla L. var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. = caravaca, Escardón, Tuna de cruz (Cuba), Cacto, Candélabre,
Euphorbia cyathophora Murray Candelero, Raqueta, Reaqeta (Dominican Republic), Candelero,
Euphorbia heterophylla L. var. graminifolia Engelm. = Euphorbia Escambrón, Moteado (Puerto Rico).
cyathophora Murray References: 3, 7, 45, 58, 61, 123, 132, 147, 224, 323.
Euphorbia heterophylla L. var. linifolia Kuntze = Euphorbia
heterophylla L. Euphorbia lancifolia Schltdl., Linnaea 7: 143. 1832.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Virgin Islands (St.
Euphorbia hieroglyphica Correll = Euphorbia lecheoides Millsp.
Thomas); native to Mexico and Central America.
Euphorbia hirta L., Sp. Pl. 454. 1753; Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. Common Name: Isbut (Cuba).
var. hirta, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(7): 303. 1909. References: 3, 7, 147.
Euphorbia capitata Lam., Encycl. 2: 422. 1788.
Euphorbia lasiocarpa Klotzsch, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico; Virgin
Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 414. 1843; Chamaesyce lasiocarpa
(Klotzsch) Arthur, Torreya 11: 260. 1912.
Gorda)Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
Euphorbia scordiifolia sensu Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 791. 1826,
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy,
non Jacq.
St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Euphorbia flexuosa Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Rico, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, St. Lucia), Tobago, Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2 (quarto ed.): 55. 1817.
Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Euphorbia yayalesia Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 232.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 147, 224, 301, 323. 1930; Chamaesyce yayalesia (Urb.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 11: 12. 1952.
Euphorbia lecheoides Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St.
2(3): 163. 1906; Chamaesyce lecheoides (Millsp.) Millsp., Publ.
John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(7): 301. 1909.
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Euphorbia exumensis (Millsp.) Correll, Sida 8: 319. 1980; Chamaesyce
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St.
exumensis Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(7):
Martin, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita,
301. 1909.
Euphorbia hieroglyphica Correll, J. Arnold Arbor. 58: 40. 1977.
Common Name: Coast spurge (Bahamas).
Euphorbia wilsonii (Millsp.) Correll, Sida 8: 319. 1980; Chamaesyce
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 147, 150, 152, 301, 323, 340.
wilsonii Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(7): 301.
1909. Euphorbia microclada Urb. = Euphorbia serpens Kunth
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. Euphorbia milii Des Moul., Bull. Hist. Nat. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 1: 27.
Common Name: Pinweed spurge (Bahamas). 1826.
References: 45, 147. Euphorbia milii Des Moul. var. splendens (Bojer ex Hook.) Ursch &
Euphorbia leonardii (D.G. Burch) Radcl.-Sm., Kew Bull. 25: 172. Leandri, Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 148.
1971; Chamaesyce leonardii D.G. Burch, Ann. Missouri Bot. 1955 [“1954”]; Euphorbia splendens Bojer ex Hook, Bot. Mag.
Gard. 53: 96. 1966. 56: t. 2902. 1829.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico,
References: 7, 147. Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, Tortola), and Margarita; native
to Madagascar.
Euphorbia leucocephala Lotsy, Bot. Gaz. 20: 350. 1895.
Common Names: Corona de Cristo, Tu y yo (Cuba), Couronne du
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands
Christ, Euphorbe brillant, Petit flamboyant, Tú-y-yo (Haiti),
(St. Croix, St. John); native to Mexico and Central America.
Corona de Cristo, Corona de espinas (Puerto Rico), Crown of
Common Names: Euforbia (Cuba), Flor de ovejo, Pascuita (Dominican
thorns (Virgin Islands).
Republic), Pascuita (Puerto Rico).
References: 3, 4, 7, 58, 123, 132, 147, 230, 323.
References: 7, 19, 58, 131, 132, 147.
Euphorbia millspaughii V.W. Steinm. & P.E. Berry, Anales Jard. Bot.
Euphorbia lindeniana A. Rich. = Euphorbia adenoptera Bertol. subsp.
Madrid 64(2): 132. 2007; Cubanthus brittonii Millsp., Publ. Field
adenoptera
Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(9): 372. 1913.
Euphorbia linearis Retz. = Euphorbia articulata Aubl. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Euphorbia linifolia Vahl = Euphorbia heterophylla L. References: 3, 258.
Euphorbia longinsulicola S.R. Hill, Sida 6: 313. 1976. Euphorbia minutula Boiss. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 1268.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. 1866; Chamaesyce minutula (Boiss.) D.G. Burch, Ann. Missouri
References: 45, 147. Bot. Gard. 53: 98. 1966.
Chamaesyce liliputiana (C. Wright) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian
Euphorbia maculata L., Sp. Pl. 455. 1753. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(11): 410. 1916.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Euphorbia niqueroana Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 234.
North America, Mexico, and Belize, introduced elsewhere. 1930; Chamaesyce niqueroana (Urb.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus.
References: 45, 147. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 11: 12. 1952.
Note: Cited by World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (147) as Euphorbia paucipila Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 389. 1908; Chamaesyce
occurring in Cuba, but otherwise not known to us from that paucipila (Urb.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
island. 2(11): 410. 1916.
Euphorbia maculata sensu Bello = Euphorbia prostrata Aiton Euphorbia brittonii Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(3):
159. 1906; Chamaesyce brittonii (Millsp.) Millsp., Publ. Field
Euphorbia maculata L. var. thymifolia (L.) Griseb. = Euphorbia
Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(7): 303. 1909; Pedilanthus brittonii
thymifolia L.
(Millsp.) Pax & K. Hoffm. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl,
Euphorbia mangletii Urb. = Euphorbia serpens Kunth Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 19c: 223. 1931.
Euphorbia mendezii Boiss., Cent. Euphorb. 15. 1860; Chamaesyce Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba.
mendezii (Boiss.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: References: 3, 30, 45, 147.
410. 1916. Euphorbia monantha C. Wright ex Boiss. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle,
Chamaesyce dorsiventralis (Urb.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Prodr. 15(2): 55. 1862.
Bot. Ser. 2(11): 409. 1916; Euphorbia dorsiventralis Urb., Symb. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Antill. 5: 391. 1908. References: 3, 147.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Mexico, and Belize.
Euphorbia multinodis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 341. 1899; Chamaesyce
References: 3, 30, 45, 147, 150.
multinodis (Urb.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 22. 1760; 2(11): 410. 1916.
Chamaesyce mesembryanthemifolia (Jacq.) Dugand, Phytologia Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique).
13: 385. 1966. References: 1, 30, 147.
Euphorbia buxifolia Lam., Encycl. 2: 421. 1788; Chamaesyce buxifolia
Euphorbia munizii Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 11. 1972
(Lam.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 711. 1903.
[“1971”].
number 9 8 • 335
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Euphorbia pedunculosa A. Rich. = Euphorbia graminea Jacq.

References: 39, 147, 149. Euphorbia peplus L., Sp. Pl. 456. 1753.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, and Jamaica; native to Europe and
Cuba (39). temperate Asia.
Euphorbia myrtillifolia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1048. 1759; Chamaesyce References: 2, 5, 7, 147.
myrtillifolia (L.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. Euphorbia pergamena Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 615. 1898;
2(11): 410. 1916. Chamaesyce adenoptera (Bertol.) Small subsp. pergamena (Small)
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. D.G. Burch, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 98. 1966.
References: 2, 147. Chamaesyce monensis Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
Euphorbia neriifolia L., Sp. Pl. 451. 1753. 2(10): 389. 1914.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Euphorbia gymnadenia Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 390. 1908; Chamaesyce
(Guana), and Margarita; native to Asia. gymnadenia (Urb.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
Common Names: Lechero (Cuba), Antena, Pararrayo (Dominican 2(11): 409. 1916.
Republic). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico (Mona Is.), and
References: 3, 7, 58, 61, 147, 224, 237, 323. United States (FL).
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. References: 3, 7, 30, 58, 61, 147, 149.
Euphorbia niqueroana Urb. = Euphorbia minutula Boiss. Euphorbia petiolaris Sims, Bot. Mag. 23: t. 883. 1805; Aklema petiolaris
(Sims) Millsp. ex Britton, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 2: 43. 1915.
Euphorbia nudiflora Jacq. = Euphorbia cymosa Poir.
Euphorbia verticillata Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 2:
Euphorbia nutans Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl. 17. 1816; Chamaesyce nutans 611. 1812.
(Lag.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 712. 1903. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix,
(St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique), St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
North America, Mexico, and Central America. (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Martin), Mexico,
References: 3, 7, 30, 61, 147. and Venezuela.
Euphorbia oerstediana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. in A.L.P.P. de Common Names: Broad-leaved spurge (Bahamas), Palo de yuca,
Candolle, Prodr. 15(2.1): 59. 1862; Poinsettia oerstediana Palo de leche (Dominican Republic), Bon garçon (Haiti), Petit
Klotzsch & Garcke, Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin mancinillier (Lesser Antilles), Indio desnudo, Rascaso (Puerto
1859: 253. 1859; Dichylium oerstedianum (Klotzsch & Garcke) Rico), Manchinell berry (Virgin Islands).
Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 147.
Islands 5: 499. 1924. Euphorbia pileoides Millsp. = Euphorbia serpens Kunth
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
Euphorbia pinariona Urb. = Euphorbia camagueyensis (Millsp.) Urb.
Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
Grenadines, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Euphorbia podocarpifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 217. 1924;
Central America, and South America. Euphorbiodendron linearifolium Millsp., Publ. Field Columb.
References: 1, 2, 6, 19, 58, 61, 147, 301. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 373. 1913.
Euphorbia ophthalmica Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(1): 13. 1806; Chamaesyce
ophthalmica (Pers.) D.G. Burch, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 98.
1966. Euphorbia poliosperma Urb. = Euphorbia bombensis Jacq.
Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. var. procumbens (DC.) Moldenke, Euphorbia portoricensis Urb. = Euphorbia turpinii Boiss.
Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 178. 1940.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Euphorbia portoricensis Urb. var. albescens Urb. = Euphorbia turpinii
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. John), Lesser Antilles Boiss.
(Antigua, Barbados, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia), Euphorbia portoricensis Urb. var. genuina Urb. = Euphorbia turpinii
Trinidad, United States, Mexico, and South America. Boiss.
References: 1, 2, 4, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 147, 149, 301.
Euphorbia proctorii (D.G. Burch) Correll, Sida 8: 319. 1980;
Euphorbia orbifolia (Alain) Oudejans, Phytologia 67: 47. 1989; Chamaesyce proctorii D.G. Burch, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63:
Chamaesyce orbifolia Alain, Phytologia 47: 175. 1980. 378. 1977 [“1976”].
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Euphorbia pachypoda Urb. = Euphorbia centunculoides Kunth Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Hortus Kew. 2: 139. 1789; Chamaesyce
Euphorbia parciflora Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 411. prostrata (Aiton) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 713. 1903.
1919; Chamaesyce parciflora (Urb.) Burch., Ann. Missouri Bot. Chamaesyce villosior (Greenm.) Millsp., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Gard. 53: 98. 1966. Bot. Ser. 2: 412. 1916.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Euphorbia maculata sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 112.
References: 7, 147. 1883, non L.
Euphorbia paredonensis (Millsp.) Oudejans, Phytologia 67: 47. 1989; Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
Chamaesyce paredonensis Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua,
Bot. Ser. 2(10): 393. 1914. Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
References: 3, 147. Tobago, Trinidad, Curaçao, United States, Mexico, Central
Euphorbia paucipila Urb. = Euphorbia minutula Boiss. America, and South America.
Common Names: Golondrina, Yerba de la niña, Yerba de larrea, Euphorbia thymifolia L., Sp. Pl. 454. 1753; Chamaesyce thymifolia (L.)
Yerba de la vieja, Yerba lechera, Yerba lechosa (Cuba), Milkweed Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(11): 412. 1916;
(Jamaica). Euphorbia maculata L. var. thymifolia (L.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 147, 301, 340. 53. 1859.
Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch in C.F. Otto & A. Dietrich,
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas) Lesser Antilles
Allg. Gartenzeitung 2: 27. 1834; Poinsettia pulcherrima (Willd. ex
(Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia,
Klotzsch) Graham, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 20: 412. 1836.
St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, United States (FL), Mexico,
Distribution: Cultivated throughout the West Indies; native to
Central America, South America, and Old World tropics.
Mexico and Central America, widely cultivated elsewhere as an
References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 58, 61, 301.
ornamental.
Common Names: Flor de pascua (Cuba), Clavellina, Flor de Pascua, Euphorbia tirucalli L., Sp. Pl. 452. 1753.
Pascua (Dominican Republic), Dehomme, Desaison, Feuilles St. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Puerto
Jean, Poisettia, St. Jean d’hiver (Haiti), Flor de Pascua, Pascua, Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Tortola), and
Poinsettia (Puerto Rico). Margarita; native to Africa and Asia.
References: 7, 58, 61, 77, 123, 131, 132, 147, 323, 340. Common Names: Milk bush, Pencil-tree (Bahamas), Alfabeto chino,
Aniseto, Antena, Esqueleto, Palito, Polito (Dominican Republic),
Euphorbia punicea Sw., Prodr. 76. 1788.
Esqueleto (Puerto Rico), Milk bush, Indian tree spurge, Pencil
Euphorbia troyana Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 394. 1908.
cactus (Virgin Islands).
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica fide Adams; see note below.
References: 4, 7, 19, 45, 58, 123, 147, 323.
Note: Cited for Bahamas and Cuba (147) but not treated in those floras Euphorbia tithymaloides L., Sp. Pl. 453. 1753, subsp. tithymaloides;
(45 and 3) nor have any specimen records been seen from those Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.
islands. 19: 390. 1812.
Pedilanthus ierensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 468. 1926.
Euphorbia scordiifolia sensu Spreng. = Euphorbia lasiocarpa Klotzsch
Distribution: Native in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Euphorbia scutiformis V.W. Steinm. & P.E. Berry, Anales Jard. Bot. Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Madrid 64(2): 132. 2007; Cubanthus linearifolius (Griseb.) Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(9): 372. 1913; Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts,
Pedilanthus linearifolius Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 161. 1860. St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 3, 147, 258. Common Names: Fiddle flower, Slipper flower (Bahamas), Díctamo,
Euphorbia serpens Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Díctamo real, Gallito colorado, Ítamo, Ítamo real (Cuba),
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 52. 1817; Couena, Ipecacuana, Ipecacuana de la tierra, Zapatico
Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 709. 1903. (Dominican Republic), Gros négre, Porcelaine, Z’herbe de l’eau
Euphorbia biramensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 232. (Haiti), Monkey fiddle (Jamaica), Bleeding heart, Bois-lait,
1930; Chamaesyce biramensis (Urb.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Grosse oreilles, Herbe à cors, Jew bush, Lait à cors, Milk bush,
Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 11: 12. 1952. Pantoufle, Patagon, Redbird flower, Slipper plant (Lesser Antilles),
Euphorbia inflexa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 64. 1928. Ipecacuana, Itamo real (Puerto Rico).
Euphorbia mangletii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 233. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 35, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 134,
1930; Chamaesyce mangleti (Urb.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. 147, 224, 323, 301, 340.
Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 11: 12. 1952. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Euphorbia microclada Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 215. 1924; Chamaesyce Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. angustifolia (Poit.) V.W. Steinm.,
microclada (Urb.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 49. 2003; Pedilanthus angustifolius Poit., Ann.
“De La Salle” 11: 12. 1952. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 19: 393. 1812; Pedilanthus tithymaloides
Euphorbia pileoides Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. (L.) Poit. subsp. angustifolius (Poit.) Dressler, Contr. Gray Herb.
2(1): 62. 1900. 182: 161. 1957.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Islands(Anegada, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (Guana, St. John).
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Grenada, Grenadines, References: 3, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 147, 340.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. bahamensis (Millsp.) Govaerts,
Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Curaçao, North America, Mexico,
comb. nov.; Pedilanthus bahamensis Millsp., Publ. Field
Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(9): 359. 1913; Tithymalus
Common Names: Coronilla, Lechera (Cuba).
bahamensis (Millsp.) Croizat, Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704. 1937.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 147, 149, 152, 301.
Euphorbia serpens sensu Griseb. (in part) = Euphorbia crassinodis Urb. References: 45, 147.
Euphorbia serpens sensu Griseb. (in part) = Euphorbia torralbasii Urb. Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. jamaicensis (Millsp. & Britton)
Euphorbia sessei Oudejans, Phytologia 67: 48. 1989. V.W. Steinm., Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 49. 2003; Pedilanthus
Euphorbia imbricata Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 123. 1894, nom. jamaicensis Millsp. & Britton, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot.
illeg. Ser. 2(9): 356. 1913; Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. subsp.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. jamaicensis (Millsp. & Britton) Dressler, Contr. Gray Herb. 182:
Reference: 147. 159. 1957; Tithymalus jamaicensis (Millsp. & Britton) Croizat,
Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704. 1937.
Euphorbia splendens Bojer ex Hook. = Euphorbia milii Des Moul. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Euphorbia stipitata Millsp. = Euphorbia berteroana Balb. References: 2, 147.
number 9 8 • 337
Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. padifolia (L.) V.W. Steinm., Acta Chamaesyce portoricensis (Urb.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus.,
Bot. Mex. 65: 49. 2003; Euphorbia tithymaloides L. var. padifolia Bot. Ser. 2(10): 394. 1914; Euphorbia portoricensis Urb., Symb.
L., Sp. Pl. 453. 1753; Pedilanthus padifolius (L.) Poit., Ann. Mus. Antill. 1: 338. 1899.
Natl. Hist. Nat. 19: 393. 1812; Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Euphorbia portoricensis Urb. var. albescens Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 338.
Poit. subsp. padifolius (L.) Dressler, Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 156. 1899; Chamaesyce albescens (Urb.) Millsp., Publ. Field Mus. Nat.
1957. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408. 1916.
Distribution: Endemic to the West Indies; native to Lesser Antilles Euphorbia portoricensis Urb. var. genuina Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 339.
(Barbados) and Curaçao. 1899.
References: 1, 147. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (Anegada).
Euphorbia tithymaloides L. var. padifolia L. = Euphorbia tithymaloides
References: 7, 30, 58, 61, 147, 149.
L. subsp. padifolia (L.) V.W. Steinm.
Note: Cited for Cuba by World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. parasitica (Boiss. ex Klotzsch) V.W. (147), otherwise not known for that island.
Steinm., Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 50. 2003; Pedilanthus parasiticus
Euphorbia umbelliformis (Urb. & Ekman) V.W. Steinm. & P.E.
Boiss. ex Klotzsch, Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 105.
Berry, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 64(2): 132. 2007; Cubanthus
1860; Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. subsp. parasiticus
umbelliformis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 68. 1926.
(Boiss. ex Klotzsch) Dressler, Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 148. 1957.
Acalypha villosa sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 47. 1859, non Jacq.
References: 3, 5, 7, 240, 258.
Pedilanthus latifolius Millsp. & Britton, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 2:
43. 1915. Euphorbia umbrosa Bertero ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 791. 1826.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
(St. Croix, St. Thomas), and Mexico. References: 7, 147.
References: 2, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 147, 237. Euphorbia vaginulata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 52. 1859; Chamaesyce
Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. smallii (Millsp.) V.W. Steinm., vaginulata (Griseb.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 50. 2003; Pedilanthus smallii Millsp., Publ. 2(7): 302. 1909.
Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(9): 358. 1913; Pedilanthus Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
tithymaloides (L.) Poit. subsp. smallii (Millsp.) Dressler, Contr. References: 45, 147.
Gray Herb. 182: 152. 1957. Euphorbia verticillata Poir. = Euphorbia petiolaris Sims
References: 3, 147, 150. Euphorbia villosula Urb. = Euphorbia dioeca Kunth
Euphorbia torralbasii Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 339. 1899; Chamaesyce Euphorbia wilsonii (Millsp.) Correll = Euphorbia lecheoides Millsp.
torralbasii (Urb.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. Euphorbia yayalesia Urb. = Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia Jacq.
2(11): 412. 1916.
Euphorbiodendron cubense (Boiss.) Millsp. = Euphorbia cubensis Boiss.
Euphorbia serpens sensu Griseb. (in part), Cat. Pl. Cub. 287. 1866, non
Kunth. Euphorbiodendron linearifolium Millsp. = Euphorbia podocarpifolia Urb.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands, Euphorbiodendron shaferi Millsp. = Euphorbia helenae Urb. subsp.
Cuba, and Virgin Islands (Anegada). helenae
References: 3, 4, 30, 147, 254.
Excoecaria albicans Griseb. = Gymnanthes albicans (Griseb.) Urb.
Euphorbia trachyphylla A. Rich. = Euphorbia heterophylla L.
Excoecaria brachypoda Griseb. = Actinostemon brachypodus (Griseb.)
Euphorbia trichotoma Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Urb.
Euphorbia dumosa A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: Excoecaria caribaea (Griseb.) Griseb. = Actinostemon caribaeus Griseb.
198. 1850. Excoecaria cubensis (A. Rich.) Müll. Arg. = Bonania cubana A. Rich.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, United States subsp. cubana in R. de la Sagra
(FL), and Mexico.
Excoecaria emarginata (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Müll. Arg. = Bonania
Common Names: Lechera marina, Revienta caballos, Yerba mala
emarginata C. Wright ex Griseb. subsp. emarginata
(Cuba).
References: 3, 4, 5, 6, 45, 150. Excoecaria erythrosperma Griseb. = Bonania erythrosperma (Griseb.)
Benth. & Hook. f.
Euphorbia troyana Urb. = Euphorbia punicea Sw.
Excoecaria glandulosa Sw. = Gymnanthes glandulosa (Sw.) Müll. Arg.
Euphorbia tuerckheimii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 265. 1912.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Excoecaria laurocerasus (Desf.) Müll. Arg. var. genuina Müll. Arg. =
References: 7, 30, 147. Sapium laurocerasus Desf.
Euphorbia tumistyla (D.G. Burch) Radcl.-Sm., Kew Bull. 25: 172. Excoecaria lucida (Sw.) Sw. = Gymnanthes lucida Sw.
1971; Chamaesyce tumistyla D.G. Burch, Ann. Missouri Bot. Excoecaria myricifolia Griseb. = Bonania myricifolia (Griseb.) Benth.
Gard. 53: 97. 1966. & Hook. f.
References: 7, 147. Excoecaria pallens Griseb. = Gymnanthes pallens (Griseb.) Müll. Arg.
Euphorbia turpinii Boiss., Cent. Euphorb. 12. 1860; Chamaesyce Excoecaria polyandra Griseb. = Forchhammeria polyandra (Griseb.)
turpinii (Boiss.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. Alain (Capparaceae)
2(11): 412. 1916. Excoecaria sagrae Müll. Arg. = Grimmeodendron eglandulosum
Chamaesyce anegadensis Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. (A. Rich.) Urb.
2(10): 394. 1914.
Excoecaria tenax Griseb. = Gymnanthes pallens (Griseb.) Müll. Arg. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Barbuda, Dominica,
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St.
Excoecaria venulosa C. Wright ex Griseb. = Gymnanthes albicans
Lucia) and northern South America.
(Griseb.) Urb.
Common Names: Bois sardine, Bwa sadinn (Lesser Antilles).
Garcia mayana Britton = Garcia nutans Vahl References: 1, 147.
Garcia nutans Vahl ex Rohr, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 2: 217. 1792. Gymnanthes integra Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 4: 332. 1920 [as a
Garcia mayana Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto new name]; Ateramnus integer (Fawc. & Rendle) Rothm., Repert.
Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 357. 1926. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 5. 1944.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique), and Puerto Rico; native to References: 2, 137, 147, 427.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Common Names: Almendro, Avellana (Dominican Republic). Species.
References: 1, 5, 7, 61, 147, 224.
Gymnanthes jamaicensis (Britton) Urb. = Gymnanthes glandulosa (Sw.)
Müll. Arg.
*Grimmeodendron eglandulosum (A. Rich.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 398.
Gymnanthes lucida Sw., Prodr. 96. 1788; Excoecaria lucida (Sw.)
1908; Stillingia eglandulosa A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis.
Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. 1122. 1800; Ateramnus lucidus (Sw.) Rothm.,
Cuba, Bot. 11: 202. 1850.
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 5. 1944; Sebastiania lucida
Excoecaria sagrae Müll. Arg., Linnaea 32: 12. 1863.
(Sw.) Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 1181. 1866.
Stillingia eglandulosa A. Rich. var. microphylla A. Rich. in R. de la
Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 202. 1850.
Hispaniola.
Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Saba, St.
Common Names: Poison bush (Bahamas), Manzanillo del morrillo,
Barthélemy, St. Eustatius), Mexico, Central America, and South
Manzanillo pinipiní (Cuba).
America.
References: 3, 7, 45, 147.
Common Names: Crabwood (Bahamas), Yaití (Cuba), Granadillo
*Grimmeodendron jamaicense Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 399. 1908. Greadilla, Huevo de chivo, Jabacón, Juan prieto, Palo de hueso,
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Palo de tabaco, Tabacón (Dominican Republic), Bois marbré, Bois
Common Names: Burn eye, Redlight wood (Jamaica). marbré greadilla (Haiti), Crab wood (Jamaica), Kitwood (Lesser
References: 2, 147, 427. Antilles), Yaití (Puerto Rico).
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 150, 238, 340.
Species.
Gymnanthes pallens (Griseb.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 32: 106. 1863;
Gymnanthes albicans (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 312. 1902; Excoecaria pallens Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 161. 1860; Ateramnus
Excoecaria albicans Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg- pallens (Griseb.) Rothm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 5.
Augusts-Univ. 1: 179. 1865. 1944; Sapium pallens (Griseb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
Excoecaria venulosa C. Wright ex Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Hung. 25: 17. 1979.
Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 159. 1865. Gymnanthes pallens (Griseb.) Müll. Arg. var. tenax (Griseb.) Müll.
Sebastiania grisebachiana Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. Arg., Linnaea 32: 106. 1863; Excoecaria tenax Griseb., Nachr.
15(2.2): 1183. 1866. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 179. 1865; Sapium
Sebastiania grisebachiana Müll. Arg. var. virens Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. pallens (Griseb.) Borhidi var. tenax (Griseb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot.
de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2.2): 1183. 1866. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 17. 1979.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Sapium angustifolium Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 10: 27. 1953.
Common Names: Ahorca jíbaro, Yaitecillo, Yaití bobo, Yaya macho Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
(Cuba). References: 3, 7, 147.
Gymnanthes pallens (Griseb.) Müll. Arg. var. tenax (Griseb.) Müll. Arg.
Gymnanthes elliptica Sw., Prodr. 96. 1788; Ateramnus ellipticus (Sw.) = Gymnanthes pallens (Griseb.) Müll. Arg.
Rothm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 5. 1944.
Gymnanthes recurva Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 312. 1902.
References: 2, 147.
Gymnanthes glandulosa (Sw.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 32: 106. 1863;
Hermesia mexicana Hook. & Arn. = Bernardia mexicana (Hook. &
Excoecaria glandulosa Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2: 1124. 1800;
Arn.) Müll. Arg.
Ateramnus glandulosus (Sw.) C.D. Adams, Phytologia 20: 309.
1970. Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 204.
Gymnanthes jamaicensis (Britton) Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 516. 1913; 1865; Siphonia brasiliensis Willd. ex A. Juss., Euphorb. Gen. 12.
Actinostemon jamaicensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 7. 1824.
1912. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
References: 2, 3, 30, 39, 147, 152, 427. Vincent), and Trinidad; native to South America.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Common Names: Caucho del Pará, Goma de Pará (Cuba), Caucho
Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened (Dominican Republic), Hevea rubber, Rubber tree (Lesser
Species. Antilles), Goma de Pará, Para rubber (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 61, 131, 132, 147, 254.
Gymnanthes hypoleuca Benth., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6:
325. 1854. Hippomane biglandulosa L. = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong
number 9 8 • 339
Hippomane glandulosa L. = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong Jatropha bellatrix Ekman ex Urb. = Cnidoscolus bellator (Ekman &
Urb.) León
Hippomane horrida Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 64. 1928.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Jatropha curcas L., Sp. Pl. 1006. 1753; Curcas curcas (L.) Britton &
References: 5, 7, 147. Millsp., Bahama Fl. 225. 1920.
Distribution: Apparently native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba,
Hippomane mancinella L., Sp. Pl. 1191. 1753.
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix,
St. John, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Martin, St.
Vincent), Trinidad, Margarita, Mexico, and South America.
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat,
Common Names: Physic nut (Bahamas), Piñón botija, Piñón criollo,
Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
Piñón lechero, Piñón vómico (Cuba), Piñón (Dominican
Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and
Republic), Feuilles medecin, Feuilles médicinier, Grand
Venezuela.
médecinier, Grand médicinier, Médecinier béni, Médecinier à
Common Names: Manchineel (Bahamas), Árbol del diablo, Manzanilla
grandes feuilles, Médecinier cathartique, Médicinier à grandes
negra, Manzanillo, Manzanillo de costa, Penipeniche, Pinipiniche
feuilles, Médicinier béni (Haiti), Physic nut (Jamaica), Médicinier
(Cuba), Manzanillo (Dominican Republic), Hippomane,
barrière, Médicinier béni, Physic nut (Lesser Antilles), Piñon,
Mancenillier, Manchenille, Manceniller, Manchineel, Maximilien,
Tártago (Puerto Rico).
Maximilier, Pomme zombi, Pommo zombi (Haiti), Manchineel
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 123, 131, 132, 150, 224, 301,
(Jamaica), Beach apple, Mancenillier, Manchineel, Médsinnyé,
323, 340, 383.
Poison apple (Lesser Antilles), Manchioneel, Manzanillo (Puerto
Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150, 301, Jatropha divaricata Sw., Prodr. 98. 1788.
323, 340. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Jamaica and
Cayman Islands.
Hippomane spinosa L., Sp. Pl. 1191. 1753.
Common Name: Wild oil nut (Jamaica).
Common Name: Pomme zombi (Haiti).
References: 5, 7, 147. Jatropha diversifolia A. Rich. = Jatropha integerrima Jacq.
Hura crepitans L., Sp. Pl. 1008. 1753. Jatropha fragrans Kunth = Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Johnst., subsp. aconitifolius
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles Jatropha glauca Griseb. = Jatropha angustifolia Griseb.
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Jatropha glaucovirens Pax & K. Hoffm. = Jatropha integerrima Jacq.
Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita, Central America, and South Jatropha gossypiifolia L., Sp. Pl. 1006. 1753, var. gossypiifolia;
America. Adenoropium gossypiifolium (L.) Pohl, Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 16.
Common Names: Sandbox tree (Bahamas), Habilla, Jabiya, Salvader 1826.
(Cuba), Jabilla, Javilla, Javillo, Jerilla, Possum wood (Dominican Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Republic), Arbre au diable, Sablier (Haiti), Sandbox tree Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St. John,
(Jamaica), Gogo tree, Sabilier, Sand box tree (Lesser Antilles), St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Havilla, Javillo, Molinillo (Puerto Rico), Monkey pistol (Virgin Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
Islands). Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 224, 301, 323, 340. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba,
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
Hypocoton domingensis Urb. = Bonania domingensis (Urb.) Urb. America, and South America.
Common Names: Tatto bush (Bahamas), Frailecillo real, San Juan
Janipha manihot (L.) Kunth = Manihot esculenta Crantz del cobre, Toatúa, Tuatúa, Tua-tua (Cuba), Médecin, Moussara,
Jatropha aconitifolia Mill. = Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Piñón de España, Tatúa, Yuca brava, Yuca cimarrona (Dominican
Johnst., subsp. aconitifolius Republic), Médecinier, Médecinier bâtard, Médecinier barachin,
Médecinier d’Inde, Metsien, Papaye sauvage, Petit mapou, Petit
Jatropha acrandra Urb. = Cnidoscolus acrandrus (Urb.) Pax &
médecinier, Ti-mapou, Túa-túa (Haiti), Belly-ache bush, Cassada
K. Hoffm.
marble (Jamaica), Belly-ache bush, Fugus nut, Médicinier bâtard,
Jatropha acuminata Desr. = Jatropha integerrima Jacq. Médicinier noir, Médicinier rouge, Physic nut (Lesser Antilles),
Jatropha angustifolia Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg- Higuereta cimarrona, Tautuba, Tuatúa (Puerto Rico).
Augusts-Univ. 1: 171. 1865. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150,
Jatropha angustifolia Griseb. var. spathulata Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de 301, 323, 340.
Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 1093. 1866. Jatropha hastata Jacq. = Jatropha integerrima Jacq.
Jatropha glauca Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-
Jatropha hernandiifolia Vent., Jard. Malmaison 1: 52. 1803; Curcas
Univ. 1: 170. 1865.
hernandiifolia (Vent.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci.
Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 484. 1924.
Common Name: Peregrina del pinar (Cuba).
Jatropha portoricensis Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
References: 3, 147.
2(1): 59. 1900; Jatropha hernandiifolia Vent. var. portoricensis
Jatropha angustifolia Griseb. var. spathulata Müll. Arg. = Jatropha (Millsp.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 349. 1905.
angustifolia Griseb. Curcas portoricensis Baill., Étude Euphorb. 314. 1858.
Ricinus portoricensis Juss. ex Baill., Étude Euphorb. 314. 1858, nom. Common Names: Coral vegetal (Cuba), Botella (Dominican Republic),
illeg. Tinaja (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola, References: 3, 6, 7, 58, 147, 224, 230, 323.
Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Common Name: Tabaiba (Puerto Rico). Jatropha portoricensis Millsp. = Jatropha hernandiifolia Vent.
References: 2, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 132, 147.
Jatropha quinquelobata Mill. = Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M.
Jatropha hernandiifolia Vent. var. portoricensis (Millsp.) Urb. = Johnst., subsp. aconitifolius
Jatropha hernandiifolia Vent.
Jatropha rangel M. Gómez = Cnidoscolus rangel (M. Gómez) McVaugh
Jatropha integerrima Jacq. var. hastata (Jacq.) Fosberg = Jatropha
integerrima Jacq. Jatropha regina León = Cnidoscolus regina (León) Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts
Jatropha integerrima Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 32. 1760. Jatropha tupifolia Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-
Jatropha acuminata Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 8. 1797. Univ. 1: 170. 1865.
Jatropha diversifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
207. 1850. Common Name: Peregrina (Cuba).
Jatropha glaucovirens Pax & K. Hoffm. n H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, References: 3, 147.
147 I (Heft 42): 51. 1910. Jatropha urens L. = Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur
Jatropha hastata Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 32. 1760; Jatropha integerrima
*Lasiocroton bahamensis Pax & K. Hoffm. in H.G.A. Engler,
Jacq. var. hastata (Jacq.) Fosberg, Rhodora, 78: 102. 1976;
Pflanzenr. IV, 147 VII (Heft 63): 61. 1914.
Adenoropium hastatum (Jacq.) Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv.
Lasiocroton micranthus Pax & K. Hoffm. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr.
IV, 147 VII (Heft 63): 61. 1914.
Jatropha moluensis Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 224. 1894.
Jatropha pauciflora C. Wright ex Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss.
Hispaniola (Haiti).
Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 170. 1865.
Common Names: Bitters, Lightwood, Wild oak (Bahamas), Cuaba
Distribution: Native to Cuba; cultivated in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico,
jatia, Cuaba tea, Palo luz (Cuba).
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
References: 3, 5, 7, 45, 147.
Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts,
St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), and Margarita. Lasiocroton cordifolius Britton & P. Wilson = Leucocroton cordifolius
Common Names: Médecinier d’Inde (Haiti), Épicar, Médicinier (Lesser (Britton & P. Wilson) Alain
Antilles), Peregrina (Puerto Rico). *Lasiocroton fawcettii Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 14. 1909.
References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 147, 150, 323, 351. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Jatropha manihot L. = Manihot esculenta Crantz References: 2, 30, 147, 427.
Jatropha minor Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 213. 1924.
Species.
References: 3, 30, 147. *Lasiocroton gracilis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16:
76. 1920.
Jatropha moluccana L. = Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd.
Jatropha moluensis Sessé & Moc. = Jatropha integerrima Jacq. References: 3, 39, 147, 156.
Jatropha multifida L., Sp. Pl. 1006. 1753; Adenoropium multifidum Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
(L.) Pohl, Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 16. 1826. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto *Lasiocroton harrisii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 16. 1914.
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Tortola), Lesser Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, References: 2, 147, 427.
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Trinidad (doubtful), Margarita,
*Lasiocroton macrophyllus (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 46. 1859;
Croton macrophyllus Sw., Prodr. 100. 1788.
Common Names: Árnica, Castaño de jardín, Castaño purgante,
Ceibilla, Chayo coral, Ipecacuana, Nuez vómica cubana, Piñón
vómico, Seibilla cubana, Piñón inglés, Seibilla (Cuba), Piñón
de España, Piñón extranjero, Yuca brava, Yuca cimarrona
Species.
(Dominican Republic), Médecinier d’Inde, Médicinier des Indes,
Médecinier espagnol, Papaye sauvage (Haiti), Corail, Coral plant, Lasiocroton micranthus Pax & K. Hoffm. = Lasiocroton bahamensis
French physic nut, Spanish physic nut (Lesser Antilles), Don Pax & K. Hoffm.
Tomás, Tártago emético (Puerto Rico). Lasiocroton prunifolius Griseb. = Croton punctatus Jacq.
References: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150, 224, 301, 323,
340. Lasiocroton subpeltatus Urb. var. epeltatus Urb. = Leucocroton
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. subpeltatus (Urb.) Alain
Jatropha pauciflora C. Wright ex Griseb. = Jatropha integerrima Jacq. Lasiocroton subpeltatus Urb. var. subpeltatus = Leucocroton
var. integerrima subpeltatus (Urb.) Alain
Jatropha peltata C. Wright = Cnidoscolus rangel (M. Gómez) McVaugh Lasiocroton trelawniensis C.D. Adams = Bernardia trelawniensis (C.D.
Adams) Jestrow & G.R. Proctor
Jatropha podagrica Hook., Bot. Mag. 74: t. 4376. 1848.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands *Leucocroton acunae Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 20. 1991
(St. Croix), and Margarita; native to Central America. [“1990-1991”].
number 9 8 • 341
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. microphylla A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
References: 147, 149. 209. 1850; Bernardia microphylla (A. Rich.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea
34: 172. 1865.
Leucocroton angustifolius Britton = Leucocroton flavicans Müll. Arg.
*Leucocroton anomalus Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 17. 1991 References: 3, 147.
[“1990-1991”].
*Leucocroton moaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
Hung. 18: 30. 1973.
*Leucocroton bracteosus Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 204. 1924. References: 147, 149.
*Leucocroton moncadae Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 21: 222.
1976 [“1975”].
*Leucocroton brittonii Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
“De La Salle” 11: 5. 1952. References: 39, 147, 149.
References: 3, 147 Cuba (39).
*Leucocroton comosus Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 201. 1924. *Leucocroton obovatus Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 200. 1924.
*Leucocroton cordifolius (Britton & P. Wilson) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. *Leucocroton pachyphylloides Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 18. 1991
Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 11: 5. 1952; Lasiocroton cordifolius [“1990-1991”].
Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 76. 1920. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 147.
*Leucocroton pachyphyllus Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 202. 1924.
*Leucocroton dictyophyllus Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 202. 1924. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
*Leucocroton pallidus Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53:
*Leucocroton discolor Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 203. 1924. 461. 1926.
*Leucocroton ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 199. 1924. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
References: 3, 30, 147. *Leucocroton revolutus C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
*Leucocroton flavicans Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. Méd. Habana 7: 154. 1870.
15(2.2): 757. 1866. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Leucocroton angustifolius Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 14. 1917. References: 3, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. *Leucocroton sameki Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 20. 1991
References: 3, 134, 147. [“1990-1991”].
*Leucocroton havanensis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 21. 1991 Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
[“1990-1991”]. References: 147, 149.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. *Leucocroton saxicola Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 13. 1917.
*Leucocroton incrustatus Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 18. 1991 References: 3, 147.
[“1990-1991”]. *Leucocroton stenophyllus Urb., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 36: 505. 1919.
*Leucocroton leprosus (Willd.) Pax & K. Hoffm. in H.G.A. Engler, *Leucocroton subpeltatus (Urb.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Pflanzenr. IV, 147 VII (Heft 63): 64. 1914; Croton leprosus Colegio “De La Salle” 11: 5. 1952; Lasiocroton subpeltatus Urb.,
Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 553. 1805; Bernardia leprosa (Willd.) Müll. Arg., Symb. Antill. 9: 205. 1924.
Linnaea 34: 172. 1865. Lasiocroton subpeltatus Urb. var. epeltatus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Regni Veg. 28: 222. 1930; Leucocroton subpeltatus (Urb.) Alain
References: 5, 7, 147. var. epeltatus (Urb.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
*Leucocroton linearifolius Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 14. 1917. “De La Salle” 11: 5. 1952.
*Leucocroton longibracteatus Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 19. 1991 Leucocroton subpeltatus (Urb.) Alain var. epeltatus (Urb.) Alain =
[“1990-1991”]. Leucocroton subpeltatus (Urb.) Alain
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. *Leucocroton virens Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-
References: 147, 149. Univ. 1: 175. 1865, var. virens.
*Leucocroton microphyllus (A. Rich.) Pax & K. Hoffm. in H.G.A. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 147 VII (Heft 63): 64. 1914; Adelia References: 3, 147.
*Leucocroton virens Griseb. var. glaber Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 36: Mettenia acutifolia Britton & P. Wilson = Chaetocarpus acutifolius
21. 1991 [“1990-1991”]. (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi
Mettenia cordifolia Urb. = Chaetocarpus cordifolius (Urb.) Borhidi
Mettenia globosa (Sw.) Griseb. = Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. &
*Leucocroton wrightii Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 9:
Rendle subsp. globosus
21. 1861.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Mettenia globosa (Sw.) Griseb. subsp. cordifolia (Urb.) Borhidi =
Common Name: Cuaba amarilla (Cuba). Chaetocarpus cordifolius (Urb.) Borhidi
References: 3, 147. Mettenia globosa (Sw.) Griseb. subsp. oblongata (Alain) Borhidi =
Manihot brachyloba Müll. Arg. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 11(2): Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle subsp. oblongatus
451. 1874. (Alain) Borhidi
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Costa Rica, and South America. Mettenia humilis Ekman ex Urb. = Chaetocarpus cubensis Fawc. &
Common Names: Yuca brava, Yuca cimarrona (Dominican Republic). Rendle
References: 7, 377.
Mettenia lepidota Urb. = Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle
Manihot carthagenensis (Jacq.) Müll. Arg. subsp. glaziovii (Müll. Arg.) subsp. globosus
Allem, Novon 11: 160. 2001; Manihot glaziovii Müll. Arg. in
C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 11(2): 446. 1874. Mettenia oblongata Alain = Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. &
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to southern Brazil. Rendle subsp. oblongatus (Alain) Borhidi
Common Names: Caucho manizoba, Ceará (Cuba). Microstachys corniculata (Vahl) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 49. 1859; Tragia
References: 5, 7, 132, 147. corniculata Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 55. 1798; Sebastiania corniculata
Manihot dichotoma Ule, Tropenpflanzer 11: 863. 1907. (Vahl) Müll. Arg. var. corniculata in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr.
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola (Haiti); native to Brazil. 15(2.2): 1168. 1866.
References: 5, 147. Sebastiania corniculata (Vahl) Müll. Arg. var. tragioides (Mart.) Pax in
H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 147 V (Heft 52): 98. 1912.
Manihot edule (L.) A. Rich. = Manihot esculenta Crantz Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Manihot esculenta Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 167. 1766. (Grenada, Guadeloupe), Trinidad, Margarita, Mexico, Central
Manihot edule (L.) A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: America, and South America.
208. 1850. References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 149, 152, 301, 323.
Manihot manihot (L.) H. Karst., Deut. Fl. 588. 1882; Jatropha manihot Moacroton cristalensis (Urb.) Croizat = Croton cristalensis Urb.
L., Sp. Pl. 1007. 1753; Janipha manihot (L.) Kunth in F.W.H.A.
von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. Moacroton ekmanii (Urb.) Croizat = Croton ekmanii Urb.
(quarto ed.) 2: 108. 1817. Moacroton gynopetalus Borhidi = Croton ekmanii Urb.
Manihot utilissima Pohl, Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 32. 1826.
Moacroton lanceolatus Alain = Croton alainii van Ee & P.E. Berry
Distribution: Cultivated throughout the West Indies; native of South
America. Moacroton lanceolatus Alain subsp. revolutus (Alain) Borhidi = Croton
Common Names: Cassava (Bahamas), Boniata, Huca, Naiboa, Nubaga, revolutus (Alain) van Ee & P. E. Berry
Yuca, Yuca agria, Yuca blanca, Yuca cartagena, Yuca cristalina, Moacroton lanceolatus Alain var. ellipticus Borhidi & O. Muñiz =
Yuca de cartagena, Yuca dulce (Cuba), Mandiac, Mandiaco, Croton alainii van Ee & P.E. Berry
Mandioc, Manihot esculenta Manioc, Manioc amer, Yuca, Yuca
brava, Yuca dulce (Dominican Republic), Mangnioc, Manihot, Moacroton lanceolatus Alain var. longifolius Borhidi = Croton alainii
Manioc américain, Manioc amre (Haiti), Cassava, Tapioca van Ee & P.E. Berry
(Jamaica), Cassava, Manihot, Manioc noir, Yuca (Lesser Antilles), Moacroton lanceolatus Alain var. varius Borhidi = Croton alainii van Ee
Yuca (Puerto Rico). & P.E. Berry
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150,
Moacroton leonis Croizat = Croton leonis (Croizat) B.W. van Ee & P.E.
224, 230, 323, 340, 351.
Berry
Moacroton maestrense (Alain) Radcl.-Sm. = Croton maestrensis (Alain)
Manihot glaziovii Müll. Arg. = Manihot carthagenensis (Jacq.) Müll.
van Ee & P. E. Berry
Arg. subsp. glaziovii (Müll. Arg.) Allem
Moacroton revolutus Alain = Croton revolutus (Alain) van Ee & P. E.
Manihot manihot (L.) H. Karst. = Manihot esculenta Crantz
Berry
Manihot utilissima Pohl = Manihot esculenta Crantz
Moacroton tetramerus Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Croton ekmanii Urb.
Mappa jamaicensis Spreng. = Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. &
Moacroton trigonocarpus (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Croizat = Croton
Rendle subsp. globosus
trigonocarpus C. Wright ex Griseb.
Mercurialis annua L., Sp. Pl. 1035. 1753.
Omphalea axillaris Sw. = Phyllanthus axillaris (Sw.) Müll. Arg.
Discoplis serrata Raf., New Fl. 4: 9. 1838.
(Phyllanthaceae)
Mercurialis annua L. var. ambigua (L. f.) Duby, Bot. Gall. 1: 417.
1830. Omphalea cauliflora Sw. = Phyllanthus cauliflorus (Sw.) Griseb.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Hispaniola, and Jamaica; native to (Phyllanthaceae)
Eurasia. Omphalea commutata Müll. Arg., Linnaea 32: 86. 1863.
Common Name: Herb mercury (Bahamas). Ronnowia domingensis Buc’hoz, Pl. Nouv. Découv. 6. 1779.
References: 2, 5, 7, 45, 147. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Mercurialis annua L. var. ambigua (L. f.) Duby = Mercurialis annua L. Common Names: Noisetier, Noisetier du pays (Haiti).
number 9 8 • 343
References: 5, 7, 147. Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. = Euphorbia tithymaloides

L. subsp. tithymaloides
Omphalea diandra L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1264. 1759.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. subsp. angustifolius (Poit.) Dressler =
Martinique), Trinidad, Central America, and South America. Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. angustifolia (Poit.) V.W. Steinm.
Common Names: Liana-papaye, Noix de cayenne, Papaye à diable, Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. subsp. padifolius (L.) Dressler =
Pomme à diable, Pomme-zombi (Lesser Antilles). Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. padifolia (L.) V.W. Steinm.
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 301.
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. subsp. parasiticus (Boiss. ex
Omphalea ekmanii Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 128. 1971. Klotzsch) Dressler = Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. parasitica
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). (Boiss. ex Klotzsch) V.W. Steinm.
Common Name: Avellano (Dominican Republic).
References: 7, 147. Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. subsp. smallii (Millsp.) Dressler =
Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. smallii (Millsp.) V.W. Steinm.
Omphalea frondosa Juss. ex Baill. = Omphalea triandra L.
Pera bumeliifolia Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-
Omphalea hypoleuca Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg- Univ. 1: 180. 1865.
Augusts-Univ. 1: 177. 1865. Pera domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 261. 1912.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Pera depressa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 112. 1929.
References: 3, 147. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, and
Omphalea megacarpa Hemsl., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 26: t. 2537. 1897. Hispaniola; exotic in Puerto Rico.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Tobago, and Trinidad. Common Names: Black ebony (Bahamas), Jequí, Jiquí, Guiqué (Cuba),
References: 147, 301. Pinillo, Palo prieto, Palo damaso, Ciguamo, Cuerno de buey,
Note: Reported by World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (147) as Corazón de paloma, Jaiquí (Dominican Republic), Casser rage,
occurring in Grenada. Casser hache (Haiti).
References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 123, 132, 147.
Omphalea triandra L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1264. 1759.
Pharmacosycea jamaicensis Liebm., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Pera depressa Urb. & Ekman = Pera bumeliifolia Griseb.
Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 5, 2: 331. 1851; Ficus jamaicensis Pera domingensis Urb. = Pera bumeliifolia Griseb.
(Liebm.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno Batavum 3: 300. 1867.
Omphalea frondosa Juss. ex Baill., Étude Euphorb. 529. 1858. Pera ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 206. 1924.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Jamaica and Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Hispaniola (Haiti). Common Name: Jiquí (Cuba).
Common Names: Avellana, Avellana criolla (Dominican Republic), References: 3, 30, 147.
Noisetier, Noisetier du pays, Noisette (Haiti), Pop nut (Jamaica). Pera glomerata Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 62. 1926.
References: 2, 5, 7, 30, 152. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Tortue Is.).
Omphalea trichotoma Müll. Arg., Linnaea 32: 86. 1863. Common Name: Cotelle (Haiti).
Common Names: Avellana de América, Avellano de costa, Avellano de Pera longipes Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 76. 1920.
Cuba, Huevo de perro, Piñón cimarrón (Cuba). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Oxydectes cubana (Müll. Arg.) Kuntze = Croton corylifolius Lam. Pera microcarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 208. 1924.
Pedilanthus angustifolius Poit. = Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
angustifolia (Poit.) V.W. Steinm. Common Name: Jiquí (Cuba).
Pedilanthus bahamensis Millsp. = Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp.
bahamensis (Millsp.) Govaerts Pera oppositifolia Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-
Univ. 1: 181. 1865.
Pedilanthus brittonii (Millsp.) Pax & K. Hoffm. = Euphorbia minutula Distribution: Endemic to Cuba (Is. Juventud).
Boiss. Common Names: Hayabacaná, Jayabacana, Yabacaná, Yayabacaná
Pedilanthus ierensis Britton = Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. (Cuba).
tithymaloides References: 3, 147.
Pedilanthus jamaicensis Millsp. & Britton = Euphorbia tithymaloides Pera orientensis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 43. 1979.
L subsp. jamaicensis (Millsp. & Britton) V.W. Steinm. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Pedilanthus latifolius Millsp. & Britton = Euphorbia tithymaloides
L. subsp. parasitica (Boiss. ex Klotzsch) V.W. Steinm. Pera ovalifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 207. 1924.
Pedilanthus linearifolius Griseb. = Euphorbia scutiformis V.W. Steinm.
Common Name: Jiquí (Cuba).
& P.E. Berry
Pedilanthus padifolius (L.) Poit. = Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp.
Pera pallidifolia Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 76.
padifolia (L.) V.W. Steinm.
1920.
Pedilanthus parasiticus Boiss. ex Klotzsch = Euphorbia tithymaloides Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
L. subsp. parasitica (Boiss. ex Klotzsch) V.W. Steinm. References: 3, 147, 156.
Pedilanthus smallii Millsp. = Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. smallii Pera polylepis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 206. 1924, subsp. polylepis
(Millsp.) V.W. Steinm. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Name: Jiquí (Cuba). Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke = Euphorbia
References: 3, 30, 147. heterophylla L.
Pera polylepis Urb. subsp. moaensis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Poinsettia oerstediana Klotzsch & Garcke = Euphorbia oerstediana
Hung. 25: 44. 1979. (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Poinsettia pinetorum Small = Euphorbia cyathophora Murray
Poinsettia pulcherrima (Willd. ex Klotzsch) Graham = Euphorbia
*Platygyna dentata Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch
La Salle” 11: 6. 1952; Tragia dentata (Alain) Alain, Mem. New
York Bot. Gard. 21: 133. 1971. Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 20: 395. 1966;
Platygyna dentata Alain f. subglabra Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 184. Aleurites trispermus Blanco, Fl. Filip. 755. 1837.
1983. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to the Philippines.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Aleurites (Cuba), Árbol de tung, Javillio (Dominican
References: 3, 147, 149. Republic).
References: 3, 7, 123, 132, 147, 224, 383.
Platygyna dentata Alain f. subglabra Borhidi = Platygyna dentata Alain Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
*Platygyna hexandra (Jacq.) Müll. Arg. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. Ricinella pedunculosa (A. Rich.) Müll. Arg. = Adelia ricinella L.
15(2.2): 914. 1866; Tragia hexandra Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 81. 1760.
Platygyna pruriens (Willd. ex Endl.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 5: 215. 1874. Ricinella ricinella (L.) Britton = Adelia ricinella L.
Platygyna urens P. Mercier, Bull. Bot. (Geneva) 1: 168. 1830. Ricinocarpus hernandiifolius (Sw.) Kuntze = Acalypha bisetosa Bertero
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and ex Spreng.
Hispaniola.
Ricinocarpus portoricensis (Müll. Arg.) Kuntze = Acalypha
Common Names: Bejuco marrullero, Ortiga, Ortigón (Cuba), Attrappe
portoricensis Müll. Arg.
sotte (Haiti).
References: 3, 5, 7, 147. Ricinus communis L., Sp. Pl. 1007. 1753.
*Platygyna leonis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Salle” 11: 6. 1952; Tragia leonis (Alain) Alain, Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 21: 133. 1971.
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Montserrat, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire,
Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, South America,
and doubtful to Tobago and Trinidad; native to Africa.
Cuba (39).
Common Names: Castor oil plant (Bahamas), Carrapa, Higuereta,
*Platygyna obovata Borhidi, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 64: Palma Christi, Ricino, Ricino verde (Cuba), Higuera, Higuereta,
93. 1972; Tragia obovata (Borhidi) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Huile mascrista, Palma Cristi, Ricino (Dominican Republic),
Hung. 19: 44. 1973. Huile montecristi, Huile ricin, Mascarite, Mascristi, Palme Cristi,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ricin (Haiti), Castor oil plant, Oil nut (Jamaica), Gwen makwisti,
References: 147, 149. Carapate, Castor oil plant, Pyé gwenn, Ricin (Lesser Antilles),
*Platygyna parvifolia Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De Higuereta, Ricino (Puerto Rico), Castor bean, Castor oil plant
La Salle” 11: 8. 1952; Tragia parvifolia (Alain) Alain, Mem. New (Virgin Islands).
York Bot. Gard. 21: 133. 1971. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 224,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 301, 323, 340, 464.
Platygyna pruriens (Willd. ex Endl.) Baill. = Platygyna hexandra Müll. Ricinus portoricensis Juss. ex Baill. = Jatropha hernandiifolia Vent.
Arg. Ronnowia domingensis Buc’hoz = Omphalea commutata Müll. Arg.
*Platygyna triandra Borhidi, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 64: Sapium adenodon Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 160. 1860; Bonania adenodon
92. 1972; Tragia triandra (Borhidi) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3: 335. 1880.
Hung. 19: 44. 1973. Sapium cubense Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 77.
References: 147, 149. Sapium maestrense Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 230. 1930.
Platygyna urens P. Mercier = Platygyna hexandra (Jacq.) Müll. Arg. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
*Platygyna volubilis R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 120. 1947;
Tragia howardii Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 133. 1971. Sapium alainianum P.T. Li. = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Sapium angustifolium Alain = Gymnanthes pallens (Griseb.) Müll. Arg.
References: 3, 147.
Sapium aucuparium Jacq. = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong
Plukenetia volubilis L., Sp. Pl. 1192. 1753.
Sapium aucuparium sensu Bello = Sapium laurocerasus Desf.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, St. Lucia), Central
America, and South America. Sapium aucuparium Willd. var. hippomane (G. Mey.) Griseb. = Sapium
References: 1, 31, 147. glandulosum (L.) Morong
Poinsettia cyathophora (Murray) Klotzsch & Garcke = Euphorbia Sapium aucuparium Jacq. var. petiolare (Müll. Arg.) Griseb. = Sapium
cyathophora Murray glandulosum (L.) Morong
Poinsettia geniculata (Ortega) Klotzsch & Garcke = Euphorbia Sapium aucuparium Jacq. var. stenophyllum (Müll. Arg.) Griseb. =
heterophylla L. Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong
number 9 8 • 345
Sapium buchii (Urb.) Urb. = Sapium daphnoides Griseb. Sapium laurocerasus Desf., Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3, 411. 1829; Sapium
laurocerasus Desf. var. genuinum Müll. Arg., Linnaea 32: 116.
Sapium caribaeum Urb. = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong
1863; Excoecaria laurocerasus (Desf.) Müll. Arg. var. genuina
Sapium cubense Britton & P. Wilson = Sapium adenodon Griseb. Müll. Arg., Linnaea 32: 116. 1863, nom. inval.
Sapium cuneatum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 49. 1859. Sapium aucuparium sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 111.
Sapium harrisii Urb. ex Pax in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 147 V 1883, non Jacq.
(Heft 52): 236. 1912. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Common Names: Hinchahuevos, Jinchahuevo, Lechecillo, Tabeiba
Common Name: Burn eye (Jamaica). (Puerto Rico).
References: 2, 147. References: 6, 30, 58, 61, 147, 340.
Sapium daphnoides Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts- Sapium laurocerasus Desf. var. genuinum Müll. Arg. = Sapium
Univ. 1: 176. 1865. laurocerasus Desf.
Sapium buchii (Urb.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 65. 1926; Sebastiania Sapium leucogynum C. Wright ex Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss.
buchii Urb., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 496. 1921. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 176. 1865.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Sapium leucospermum Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-
Hispaniola. Augusts-Univ. 1: 177. 1865.
Common Name: Bois brûlant (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Sapium erythrospermum (Griseb.) Müll. Arg. = Bonania erythrosperma Sapium leucospermum Griseb. = Sapium leucogynum C. Wright ex
(Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. Griseb.
Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 7: 227. Sapium maestrense Urb. = Sapium adenodon Griseb
1893; Hippomane glandulosa L., Sp. Pl. 1191. 1753.
Sapium moaense Alain = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong
Hippomane biglandulosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1431. 1763.
Sapium alainianum P.T. Li., Guihaia 14: 130. 1994. Sapium nitidum Alain = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong
Sapium aucuparium Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 31. 1763. Sapium pallens (Griseb.) Borhidi = Gymnanthes pallens (Griseb.) Müll.
Sapium aucuparium Willd. var. hippomane (G. Mey.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. Arg.
W. I. 49. 1859.
Sapium aucuparium Jacq. var. petiolare (Müll. Arg.) Griseb., Abh. Sapium pallens (Griseb.) Borhidi var. tenax (Griseb.) Borhidi =
Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 62. 1879. Gymnanthes pallens (Griseb.) Müll. Arg.
Sapium aucuparium Jacq. var. stenophyllum (Müll. Arg.) Griseb., Abh. Sapium parvifolium Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 62. 1879. La Salle” 11: 10. 1952.
Sapium caribaeum Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 308. 1902. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Sapium hippomane Aubl. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 147 V (Heft References: 3, 147.
52): 215. 1912.
Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. = Triadica sebifera (L.) Small
Sapium moaense Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 10: 27. 1953.
Sapium nitidum Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Sapium suberosum Müll. Arg. = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong
Salle” 11: 8. 1952. Sebastiania albicans (Griseb.) C. Wright = Actinostemon brachypodus
Sapium suberosum Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 217. 1865. (Griseb.) Urb.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Virgin Islands (St. John,
Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Sebastiania alpina (Fawc. & Rendle) Pax & Hoffm. = Dendrocousinsia
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. alpina Fawc. & Rendle
Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, Sebastiania brachypoda (Griseb.) C. Wright = Actinostemon
and South America. brachypodus (Griseb.) Urb.
References: 1, 3, 19, 61, 30, 147, 150, 152, 301.
Sebastiania buchii Urb. = Sapium daphnoides Griseb.
Sapium haitiense Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 39. 1921.
Sebastiania corniculata (Vahl) Müll. Arg. var. corniculata =
Microstachys corniculata (Vahl) Griseb.
Sebastiania corniculata (Vahl) Müll. Arg. var. tragioides (Mart.) Pax =
Sapium harrisii Urb. ex Pax = Sapium cuneatum Griseb.
Microstachys corniculata (Vahl) Griseb.
Sapium hippomane Aubl. = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong
Sebastiania crenulata Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 260. 1982.
Sapium jamaicense Sw. = Sapium laurifolium (A. Rich.) Griseb. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Sapium laurifolium (A. Rich.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 49. 1859; References: 149, 152, 427.
Stillingia laurifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
11: 201. 1850. Threatened Species.
Sapium jamaicense Sw., Adnot. Bot. 62. 1829, nom. illeg. Sebastiania fasciculata (Millsp.) Pax & K. Hoffm. = Dendrocousinsia
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, fasciculata Millsp.
Sebastiania grisebachiana Müll. Arg. = Gymnanthes albicans (Griseb.)
Common Names: Leche, Lechero, Lechoso, Lechuga, Lechugo, Palo
Urb.
de leche, Piniche (Cuba), Aburridero, Daguilla, Lengua de vaca,
Pela huevos (Dominican Republic), Bois brûlant, Bois lait Sebastiania grisebachiana Müll. Arg. var. virens Müll. Arg. =
(Haiti), Beyacca, Gum tree, Milk wood (Jamaica), Tabaiba Gymnanthes albicans (Griseb.) Urb.
(Puerto Rico). Sebastiania hexaptera Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 303. 1902.
References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 123, 132, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Tragia dentata (Alain) Alain = Platygyna dentata Alain
Martinique). Tragia gracilis Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ.
Common Name: Bois fricassé (Lesser Antilles). 1: 176. 1865.
Sebastiania howardiana Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 262. 1982. Common Name: Candelilla (Cuba).
References: 149, 152, 427. Tragia hexandra Jacq. = Platygyna hexandra (Jacq.) Müll. Arg.
Threatened Species. Tragia howardii Alain = Platygyna volubilis R.A. Howard
Sebastiania lesteri Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 261. 1982, var. lesteri Tragia leonis (Alain) Alain = Platygyna leonis Alain
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Tragia obovata (Borhidi) Borhidi = Platygyna obovata Borhidi
Tragia parvifolia (Alain) Alain = Platygyna parvifolia Alain
Sebastiania lesteri Proctor var. glabrata Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63:
Tragia triandra (Borhidi) Borhidi = Platygyna triandra Borhidi
261. 1982.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Tragia urticifolia sensu Millsp. = Tragia volubilis L.
References: 149, 152. Tragia volubilis L., Sp. Pl. 980. 1753.
Sebastiania lucida (Sw.) Müll. Arg. = Gymnanthes lucida Sw. Tragia urticifolia sensu Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.
2(1): 58. 1900, non Willd.
Sebastiania myricifolia (Griseb.) C. Wright = Bonania myricifolia
(Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f.
Sebastiania picardae Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 304. 1902. Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique,
References: 5, 7, 30, 147. Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
Sebastiania spicata (Millsp.) Pax & K. Hoffm. = Dendrocousinsia St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita, Mexico,
spicata Millsp. Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Candelilla (Cuba), Centella, Ortiguilla, Picaculo,
Siphonia brasiliensis Willd. ex A. Juss. = Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Pica-pica, Pringamosa, Pringa moza (Dominican Republic), Pois
A. Juss.) Müll. Arg. gratté, Pois gratter (Haiti), Twining cowitch (Jamaica), Fireman,
Stillingia cubana (A. Rich.) Baill. = Bonania cubana A. Rich. subsp. Liane z’ortie, Ortie brûlante, Stinging nettle, Stinging wiss, Zóti
cubana in R. de la Sagra (Lesser Antilles), Pringamosa (Puerto Rico), Stinging vine (Virgin
Islands).
Stillingia eglandulosa A. Rich. var. microphylla in R. de la Sagra =
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 32, 58, 61, 123, 147, 301, 323, 340.
Grimmeodendron eglandulosum (A. Rich.) Urb.
Triadica sebifera (L.) Small, Florida Trees: 59. 1913; Sapium sebiferum
Stillingia laurifolia A. Rich. = Sapium jamaicense Sw.
(L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: 693. 1832.
Tetrorchidium jamaicense Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 171. 1943. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Puerto Rico; native to Asia.
Tetrorchidium rubrivenium sensu C.D. Adams, Fl. Pl. Jamaica 420. References: 61, 147, 151, 254.
1972, non Poepp. & Endl.
Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw, Kew Bull. 20: 394. 1966; Aleurites
fordii Hemsl., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 29: t. 2801-2802. 1906.
Common Name: Gum wood (Jamaica).
to China.
Tetrorchidium rubrivenium Poepp. in E.F. Poeppig & S.L. Endlicher, Common Name: Aceite chino (Cuba).
Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 23. 1841. References: 3, 6, 7, 58, 132, 147, 150, 252, 282, 383.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent), Central America,
Victorinia acrandra (Urb.) León = Cnidoscolus acrandrus (Urb.) Pax &
and South America.
K. Hoffm.
Victorinia regina (León) León = Cnidoscolus regina (León) Radcl.-Sm.
Tetrorchidium rubrivenium sensu C.D. Adams = Tetrorchidium
& Govaerts
jamaicense Croizat
Wurtzia tetracocca Baill. = Margaritaria tetracocca (Baill.) G.L. Webster
Tithymalus bahamensis (Millsp.) Croizat = Euphorbia tithymaloides L.
(Phyllanthaceae)
subsp. bahamensis (Millsp.) Govaerts
Tithymalus jamaicensis (Millsp. & Britton) Croizat = Euphorbia DOUBTFUL NAMES
tithymaloides L. subsp. jamaicensis (Millsp. & Britton) V.W. Steinm. Acalypha pallescens Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 224. 1930.
Tragia biflora Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 62. 1928. References: 147, 149, 152.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Note: A name of unknown application, described from Jamaica, not
Common Names: Guao (Dominican Republic), Attrappe sotte, Liane used by modern botanists.
flamant (Haiti). Croton intricata C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 7: 48. 1870.
Tragia corniculata Vahl = Microstachys corniculata (Vahl) Griseb. Note: A name of unknown application, described from Cuba, not used
by modern botanists.
Tragia cubensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 226. 1930.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Croton palmatus Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 223. 1894.
number 9 8 • 347
Note: A name described from Cuba, but not cited in León & Alain, Gentianaceae
Flora of Cuba (3).
Fagaceae
*Bisgoeppertia gracilis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:
Genera. Total: 3; native: 1; endemic: 0. 426. 1891; Goeppertia gracilis C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.
Taxa. Total: 5; native: 1; endemic: 1. 180. 1866. Type: Cuba. Pinar de Río, San Marcos, Wright 601 =
2979 (GOET).
Castanea mollissima Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 286. 1851. Bisgoeppertia scandens sensu Thiv, Fl. Rep. Cuba 6(1): 17. 2002, non
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique). (Spreng.) Urb.
Castanea sativa Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. References: 3, 124, 143, 333.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola and Jamaica. Bisgoeppertia gracilis sensu Thiv, in part = Bisgoeppertia robustior
Common Names: Castaño, Castaño del Japón (Cuba), Catin Greuter & Rankin
(Dominican Republic), Chataignier, Chataignier franc (Haiti),
Sweet chestnut (Jamaica). Bisgoeppertia prenleloupii Urb. = Bisgoeppertia scandens (Spreng.) Urb.
References: 2, 5, 7, 123, 132. *Bisgoeppertia robustior Greuter & Rankin, Willdenowia 38: 183.
Fagus sylvatica L., Sp. Pl. 998. 1753. 2008.Type: Cuba. Bisse et al. HFC 53216 (Holotype HAJB;
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola. Isotypes: G, GH, HAC, K, MO, NY).
References: 5, 7. Bisgoeppertia gracilis sensu Thiv, Fl. Rep. Cuba 6(1): 17. 2002, in part,
non (Griseb.) Kuntze.
Quercus alba L., Sp. Pl. 996. 1753. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe). References: 143, 333.
Reference: 1.
*Bisgoeppertia scandens (Spreng.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 537. 1913;
Quercus cubana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: Lisianthius scandens Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 587. 1824
230. 1850. [“1825”]. Lectotype: Hispaniola, Bertero 956 (M), designated by
Quercus oleoides Schltdl. & Cham. var. sagrana (Nutt.) C.H. Mull., Thiv, 2002.
Amer. Midl. Naturalist 65: 37. 1961; Quercus oleoides Schltdl. & Bisgoeppertia prenleloupii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 331. 1902.
Cham. subsp. sagrana (Nutt.) Borhidi, Kalmia 13: 26. 1983. Bisgoeppertia volubilis (Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 426. 1891;
Quercus virginiana sensu León & Alain, Fl. Cuba 2: 39. 1951, non Goeppertia volubilis Griseb., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 141. 1862.
Mill. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 5, 7, 30, 143, 151, 152, 333.
References: 3, 147.
Bisgoeppertia scandens sensu Thiv = Bisgoeppertia gracilis (C. Wright
Quercus oleoides Schltdl. & Cham. subsp. sagrana (Nutt.) Borhidi = ex Griseb.) Kuntze
Quercus cubana A. Rich.
Bisgoeppertia volubilis (Griseb.) Kuntze = Bisgoeppertia scandens
Quercus oleoides Schltdl. & Cham. var. sagrana (Nutt.) C.H. Mull. = (Spreng.) Urb.
Quercus cubana A. Rich.
Centaurium brittonii Millsp. & Greenm. = Centaurium quitense
Quercus virginiana sensu León & Alain = Quercus cubana A. Rich. (Kunth) B.L. Rob.
Centaurium erythraea Rafn, Danm. Holst. Fl. 2: 75. 1800.
Frankeniaceae Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica.
Reference: 2.
Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0. Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce, Fl. Berkshire 342. 1897.
Taxa. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 1. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Nevis).
References: 1, 2.
Frankenia leonardorum Alain, Brittonia 20: 155. 1968.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Centaurium quitense (Kunth) B.L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45:
Reference: 7. 397. 1910.
Centaurium brittonii Millsp. & Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian Mus.,
Bot. Ser., 2(7): 308. 1909.
Garryaceae Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Virgin Islands (Anegada),
Curaçao, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0. Common Name: Centaury (Bahamas).
Taxa. Total: 1; Native: 1;endemic: 1. References: 3, 45, 61, 143.
Chelonanthus frigidus (Sw.) Urb. = Symbolanthus frigidus (Sw.) Struwe
Garrya fadyenii Hook., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 4: t. 333. 1840. & K. Gould
and Jamaica. Chelonanthus grandiflorus (Aubl.) Hassl., Addenda Pl. Hassl. 5. 1917;
Common Names: Mangle, Mata gallina cimarrona, Palo amargo, Palo Lisianthius grandiflorus Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 205. 1775.
de barraco, Palo de berraco (Dominican Republic), Bois amer Irlbachia alata sensu R.A. Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles 6: 92. 1989, non
(Haiti). Aubl.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 123. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada) and South America.
References: 1, 254.
Enicostema verticillatum (L.) Engl. ex Gilg in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Leiphaimos feildenii Urb. = Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Pers.
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 67. 1895; Gentiana verticillata L.,
Leiphaimos parasitica Schltdl. & Cham. = Voyria parasitica (Schltdl. &
Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 952. 1759.
Cham.) Ruyters & Maas
Slevogtia occidentalis Griseb. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 65. 1845.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Leiphaimos portoricensis Britton = Voyria tenella Guilding ex Hook.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Leiphaimos tenella (Guilding ex Hook.) Miq. = Voyria tenella Guilding
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), ex Hook.
Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, and Old World.
Common Names: Genciana de costa, Genciana de la tierra (Cuba), Limnanthemum ekmanii Urb. = Nymphoides grayanum (Griseb.)
Balai-savane, Balai-savane bâtard, Lang poul, Langue poule Kuntze (Menyanthaceae)
(Lesser Antilles). Limnanthemum grayanum Griseb. = Nymphoides grayanum (Griseb.)
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 301, 132, 224, 323, 349. Kuntze (Menyanthaceae)
Limnanthemum humboldtianum (Kunth) Griseb. = Nymphoides indica
Eustoma exaltatum (L.) Salisb. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 211. 1837- (L.) Kuntze (Menyanthaceae)
1838, var. exaltatum
Lisianthius acuminatus Desr. = Symbolanthus frigidus (Sw.) Struwe &
Gentiana exaltata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 331. 1762.
K. Gould
Jamaica, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South Lisianthius adamsii Weaver, Brittonia 22: 11. 1970.
America. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Common Names: Marsh gentian (Bahamas), Clavelón de monte, Reference: 149.
Genciana de costa, Genciana de la tierra (Cuba). Lisianthius capitatus Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 33. 1909.
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 45, 132, 151. Lisianthius umbellatus sensu Perkins, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 31: 490. 1902,
Exacum cubense Poepp. ex Griseb. = Schultesia guianensis (Aubl.) Malme non Sw.
Exacum guianense Aubl. = Schultesia guianensis (Aubl.) Malme
Gentiana aphylla Jacq. = Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Pers.
Lisianthius cordifolius L., Mant. Pl. 1: 43. 1767; Leianthus longifolius
Gentiana calycina Lam. = Sabatia calycina (Lam.) A. Heller (L.) Griseb. var. cordifolius (L.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 424. 1862.
Gentiana exaltata L. = Eustoma exaltatum (L.) Salisb. ex G. Don Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Gentiana nigricans Lam. = Stenaria nigricans (Lam.) Terrell (Rubiaceae)
Lisianthius domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 333. 1902.
Gentiana verticillata L. = Enicostema verticillatum (L.) Engl. ex Gilg Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Goeppertia gracilis C. Wright ex Griseb. = Bisgoeppertia gracilis References: 5, 7, 30.
(C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze Lisianthius exsertus Sw., Prodr. 40. 1788; Leianthus exsertus (Sw.)
Goeppertia volubilis Griseb. = Bisgoeppertia scandens (Spreng.) Urb. Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 425. 1862.
Irlbachia alata sensu R.A. Howard = Chelonanthus grandiflorus (Aubl.)
Hassl.
Lisianthius frigidus Sw. = Symbolanthus frigidus (Sw.) Struwe &
Irlbachia frigida (Sw.) Maas = Symbolanthus frigidus (Sw.) Struwe &
K. Gould
K. Gould
Lisianthius glandulosus A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Leianthus exsertus (Sw.) Griseb. = Lisianthius exsertus Sw.
11: 102. 1850.
Leianthus latifolius (Sw.) Griseb. = Lisianthius latifolius Sw. Lisianthius stenophyllus Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 237. 1924.
Leianthus longifolius (L.) Griseb. = Lisianthius longifolius L. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Leianthus longifolius (L.) Griseb. var. cordifolius (L.) Griseb. =
Lisianthius cordifolius L. Lisianthius gracilis sensu Perkins = Lisianthius laxiflorus Urb.
Leianthus longifolius (L.) Griseb. var. gracilis Griseb. = Lisianthius Lisianthius grandiflorus sensu Wikstr. = Symbolanthus frigidus (Sw.)
longifolius L. Struwe & K. Gould
Leianthus silenifolius Griseb. = Lisianthius silenifolius (Griseb.) Urb. Lisianthius latifolius Sw., Prodr. 40. 1788; Leianthus latifolius (Sw.)
Griseb., Gen. Sp. Gent. 199. 1838 [“1839”].
Leianthus umbellatus (Sw.) Griseb. = Lisianthius umbellatus Sw. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Leiphaimos aphylla (Jacq.) Gilg = Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Pers. References: 2, 138.
Leiphaimos brachyloba (Griseb.) Urb. = Voyria tenella Guilding ex Lisianthius laxiflorus Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 332. 1902.
Hook. Lisianthius gracilis sensu Perkins (excluding the type), Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
31: 493. 1902, non (Griseb.) Perkins.
Leiphaimos brachyloba (Griseb.) Urb. var. albida Urb. & Ekman =
Voyria tenella Guilding ex Hook.
Common Names: Campanilla, Campanilla amarilla (Puerto Rico).
Leiphaimos brachyloba (Griseb.) Urb. var. cumbrensis Urb. & Ekman = References: 30, 58, 61, 131.
Voyria tenella Guilding ex Hook.
Lisianthius longifolius L., Mant. Pl. 1: 43. 1767; Leianthus longifolius
Leiphaimos disadenantha (Griseb.) Alain = Voyria tenella Guilding ex (L.) Griseb., Gen. Sp. Gent. 196. 1838 [“1839”].
Hook. Leianthus longifolius (L.) Griseb. var. gracilis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.
Leiphaimos domingensis Urb. = Voyria aurantiaca Splitg. 424. 1862.
number 9 8 • 349
Lisianthius longifolius L. var. scabridus (Griseb.) Perkins, Bot. Jahrb. Sabatia grandiflora (A. Gray) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 928. 1903; Sabatia
Syst. 31: 492. 1902. gracilis Salisb. var. grandiflora A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1):
Common Name: Jamaican fuchsia (Jamaica). Sabatia alainii Vict., Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 63: 73. 1948.
References: 2, 36, 138, 340. Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America.
References: 3, 39, 143, 152.
Lisianthius longifolius L. var. scabridus (Griseb.) Perkins = Lisianthius
longifolius L.
Cuba (39).
Lisianthius scandens Spreng. = Bisgoeppertia scandens (Spreng.) Urb.
Sabatia simulata Britton = Sabatia stellaris Pursh
Lisianthius silenifolius (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 334. 1902;
Sabatia stellaris Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 137. 1813 [“1814”].
Leianthus silenifolius Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 180. 1866.
Sabatia campanulata sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 331. 1920,
non Britton and Torr.
Sabatia simulata Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 448. 1905.
Lisianthius stenophyllus Urb. = Lisianthius glandulosus A. Rich. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, North America, and Mexico.
Lisianthius thamnoides Griseb. = Macrocarpaea thamnoides (Griseb.) Common Name: Marsh pink (Bahamas).
Gilg References: 3, 45, 143, 431.
Lisianthius troyanus Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 32. 1909. Schultesia brachyptera Cham., Linnaea 8: 8. 1833.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Schultesia heterophylla Miq., Linnaea 19: 136. 1846.
References: 2, 30, 138. Schultesia stenophylla sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 281.
1888, non Mart.
Lisianthius umbellatus Sw., Prodr. 40. 1788; Leianthus umbellatus Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
(Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 425. 1862. Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. References: 2, 3, 7, 58, 61, 75, 143, 151.
References: 2, 138. Note: Known from Puerto Rico by a single collection made more than
Lisianthius umbellatus sensu Perkins = Lisianthius capitatus Urb. 100 years ago (Stahl 116).
Macrocarpaea domingensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 30. 1931. Schultesia guianensis (Aubl.) Malme, Ark. Bot. 3(12): 9. 1904; Exacum
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). guianense Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 68.1775.
Reference: 7. Exacum cubense Poepp. ex Griseb., Gen. Sp. Gent. 126. 1838 [“1839”].
Schultesia stenophylla Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 106. 1827.
Macrocarpaea hartii Krug & Urb. = Macrocarpaea thamnoides
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico,
(Griseb.) Gilg
Macrocarpaea pauciflora Alain = Macrocarpaea pinetorum Alain References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 143, 151, 152, 301.
Macrocarpaea pinetorum Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Schultesia heterophylla Miq. = Schultesia brachyptera Cham.
Poey” 22: 114. 1955.
Schultesia stenophylla Mart. = Schultesia guianensis (Aubl.) Malme
Macrocarpaea pauciflora Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe
Poey” 22: 115. 1955. Schultesia stenophylla sensu A. Stahl = Schultesia brachyptera Cham.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Slevogtia occidentalis Griseb. = Enicostema verticillatum (L.) Engl. ex Gilg
References: 3, 143.
Symbolanthus frigidus (Sw.) Struwe & K. Gould, Novon 14: 356.
Macrocarpaea thamnoides (Griseb.) Gilg in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. 2004; Lisianthius frigidus Sw., Prodr. 40. 1788; Chelonanthus
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 94. 1895; Lisianthius thamnoides frigidus (Sw.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 334. 1902; Irlbachia frigida
Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 424. 1862. (Sw.) Maas, Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C. 88(4): 410.
Macrocarpaea hartii Krug & Urb., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 1985; Wurdackanthus frigidus (Sw.) Maguire & B. Boom, Mem.
80. 1895. New York Bot. Gard. 51: 9. 1989.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Lisianthius acuminatus Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 660.
References: 2, 36, 151, 427. 1789.
Note: Considered threatened by the IUCN Red List of threatened species. Lisianthius grandiflorus sensu Wikstr., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad.
Sabatia alainii Vict. = Sabatia grandiflora (A. Gray) Small Handl. 1827: 61. 1827, non Aubl.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, St.
Sabatia calycina (Lam.) A. Heller, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 24. 1894;
Vincent).
Gentiana calycina Lam., Encycl. 2: 638. 1788.
Sabatia cubensis (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 536. 1921; Sabatia
gracilis Salisb. var. cubensis Griseb., Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts n.s., Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 284. 1805; Gentiana aphylla
8: 521. 1862. Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 17. 1760; Leiphaimos aphylla (Jacq.) Gilg in
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and North America. H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 104. 1895.
References: 3, 5, 7, 143. Leiphaimos feildenii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 332. 1912.
Voyria uniflora Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 491. 1793.
Sabatia campanulata sensu Britton & Millsp. = Sabatia stellaris Pursh
Sabatia cubensis (Griseb.) Urb. = Sabatia calycina (Lam.) A. Heller Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Sabatia gracilis Salisb. var. cubensis Griseb. = Sabatia calycina (Lam.) Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
A. Heller Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Genciana de la tierra (Cuba), Muguet grand bois,
Sabatia gracilis Salisb. var. grandiflora A. Gray = Sabatia grandiflora Muguet jaune (Lesser Antilles).
(A. Gray) Small References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 102, 132, 143, 301, 323.
Voyria aurantiaca Splitg., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 7: 135. Geranium robertianum L., Sp. Pl. 681. 1753.
1840. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola.
Leiphaimos domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 332. 1912. References: 5, 7.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, and South America. Geranium rotundifolium L., Sp. Pl. 683. 1753.
References: 5, 7, 30, 102. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola.
Voyria brachyloba Griseb. = Voyria tenella Guilding ex Hook. References: 5, 7.
Voyria disadenantha Griseb. = Voyria tenella Guilding ex Hook. Geranium zonale L. = Pelargonium zonale (L.) L’Hér.
Voyria mexicana Griseb. = Voyria parasitica (Schltdl. & Cham.) Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. ex Aiton, Geraniologia t. 17. 1792.
Ruyters & Maas Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Geranio de olor, Geranio de olor de limón, Genario
Voyria parasitica (Schltdl. & Cham.) Ruyters & Maas, Acta Bot. Néerl.
de rosa (Cuba), Geranio, Geranio de olor (Dominican Republic).
30: 143. 1981; Leiphaimos parasitica Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea
References: 6, 7, 58, 123, 132, 224.
6: 387. 1831.
Voyria mexicana Griseb., Gen. Sp. Gent. 208. 1838 [“1839”].
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Pelargonium hortorum L.H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 2531. 1916.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Central America. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 40, 45, 58, 102, 143, 150, 431. Common Names: Geranio (Dominican Republic), Géranium (Haiti).
Voyria tenella Guilding ex Hook., Bot. Misc. 1: 47. 1830; Leiphaimos
tenella (Guilding ex Hook.) Miq., Stirp. Surinam. Select. 149. Pelargonium inquinans (L.) L’Hér. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 2: 414.
1851. 1789.
Voyria brachyloba Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 181. 1866; Leiphaimos Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola.
brachyloba (Griseb.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 58. 1927. References: 7, 151.
Leiphaimos brachyloba (Griseb.) Urb. var. albida Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Pelargonium odoratissimum (L.) L’Hér. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 2:
Bot. 23A(11): 31. 1931. 419. 1789.
Leiphaimos brachyloba (Griseb.) Urb. var. cumbrensis Urb. & Ekman, Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico.
Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 31. 1931. Common Names: Aroma, Geranio de olor, Malvarrosa (Puerto Rico).
Voyria disadenantha Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 181. 1866; Leiphaimos References: 6, 131.
disadenantha (Griseb.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe
Poey” 22: 114. 1955. Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L’Hér. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 2: 427.
Leiphaimos portoricensis Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. 1789.
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 85. 1925. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Reference: 6.
(Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central Pelargonium zonale (L.) L’Hér. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 2: 424.
America, and South America. 1789; Geranium zonale L., Sp. Pl. 678. 1753.
Common Name: Muguet bleu (Lesser Antilles). Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.
References: 1, 7, 58, 61, 102, 143, 313. Common Names: Geranio manzana (Cuba), Geranio, Geranium
Voyria tenella sensu Griseb. = Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnhart ex Small (Puerto Rico).
(Burmanniaceae) References: 6, 7, 131, 132.
Voyria uniflora Lam. = Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Pers.

Wurdackanthus frigidus (Sw.) Maguire & B. Boom = Symbolanthus Gesneriaceae
frigidus (Sw.) Struwe & K. Gould by L. Skog
*Zonanthus cubensis Griseb., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 145. 1862.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Genera. Total: 18; native: 11; endemic: 2; nearly endemic: 2.
References: 3, 143. Taxa. Total: 134; native: 124; endemic: 114.
Achimenes coccinea (Scop.) Pers. = Achimenes erecta (Lam.) H.P. Fuchs

Geraniaceae Achimenes cupreata Hook. = Episcia cupreata (Hook.) Hanst.
Achimenes erecta (Lam.) H.P. Fuchs, Acta Bot. Néerl. 12: 15. 1963;
Genera. Total: 2; native: 1; endemic: 0. Columnea erecta Lam., Encycl. 2: 66. 1786.
Taxa. Total: 10; native: 1; endemic: 0. Achimenes coccinea (Scop.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(1): 165. 1806; Buchnera
coccinea Scop., Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 2: 10. 1786.
Geranium carolinianum L., Sp. Pl. 682. 1753.
Achimenes pulchella (L’Hér.) Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard.
Geranium pyrenaicum sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 132. 1859, non L.
4: 114. 1893; Cyrilla pulchella L’Hér., Stirp. Nov. 147. 1785.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, United States, and Mexico;
Gesneria pulchella Sw., Prodr. 90. 1788., nom. illeg.
naturalized in Jamaica.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Jamaica; native to Mexico,
References: 2, 36, 45, 151.
Geranium dissectum L., Cent. Pl. 1, 21. 1755. References: 2, 7, 30, 148.
Achimenes longiflora DC., Prodr. 7(2): 536. 1839.
Common Name: Geranio (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Guadeloupe, Martinique), and South America; native to Mexico
Geranium pyrenaicum sensu Griseb. = Geranium carolinianum L. and Central America.
number 9 8 • 351
Common Name: Viola (Dominican Republic). Besleria filipes Urb. f. glaberrima C.V. Morton = Besleria filipes Urb.
References: 1, 2, 123, 148. Besleria filipes Urb. f. latior C.V. Morton = Besleria filipes Urb.
Achimenes pulchella (L’Hér.) Hitchc. = Achimenes erecta (Lam.) H.P. Besleria filipes Urb. f. pilicaulis C.V. Morton = Besleria filipes Urb.
Fuchs
Besleria guadalupensis DC. = Nautilocalyx melittifolius (L.) Wiehler
Alloplectus ambiguus Urb. = Columnea ambigua (Urb.) B.D. Morley
Besleria imrayi Hook. f. = Besleria lutea L.
Alloplectus ambiguus Urb. var. chlorosepalus Urb. = Columnea
ambigua (Urb.) B.D. Morley Besleria lanceolata Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 351. 1901.
Besleria lanceolata Urb. var. genuina Stehlé, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 92:
Alloplectus ambiguus Urb. var. erythrosepalus Urb. = Columnea 266. 1945, nom. inval.
ambigua (Urb.) B.D. Morley Besleria coriacea Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 351. 1901.
Alloplectus cristatus (L.) Mart. = Crantzia cristata (L.) Scop. ex Fritsch Besleria lanceolata Urb. var. coriacea (Urb.) Stehlé, Bull. Soc. Bot.
France 92: 266. 1945.
Alloplectus cristatus sensu A. Rich. = Columnea tincta Griseb.
Besleria lanceolata Urb. var. coriacea (Urb.) Stehlé f. hirsuta Stehlé,
Alloplectus cristatus sensu A. Stahl, non (L.) Mart. = Columnea Bull. Soc. Bot. France 92: 266. 1945.
ambigua (Urb.) B.D. Morley Besleria lanceolata Urb. var. coriacea (Urb.) Stehlé f. parvifolia Stehlé,
Alloplectus cristatus sensu (Griseb.) Fawc. = Columnea grisebachiana Bull. Soc. Bot. France 92: 266. 1945.
Kuntze Besleria lanceolata Urb. var. coriacea (Urb.) Stehlé f. typica Stehlé, Bull.
Soc. Bot. France 92: 266. 1945, nom. inval.
Alloplectus cubensis (Urb.) Stearn = Columnea sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe).
Alloplectus domingensis Urb. = Columnea domingensis (Urb.) B.D. Morley Common Name: Ortie grand bois (Lesser Antilles).
Alloplectus domingensis Urb. var. microphyllus C.V. Morton =
Columnea domingensis (Urb.) B.D. Morley Besleria lanceolata Urb. var. coriacea (Urb.) Stehlé = Besleria lanceolata
Urb.
Alloplectus grisebachianus (Kuntze) Urb. = Columnea grisebachiana
Kuntze Besleria lanceolata Urb. var. coriacea (Urb.) Stehlé f. hirsuta Stehlé =
Besleria lanceolata Urb.
Alloplectus grisebachianus (Kuntze) Urb. var. ochrotrichus Urb. =
Columnea grisebachiana Kuntze Besleria lanceolata Urb. var. coriacea (Urb.) Stehlé f. parvifolia Stehlé =
Alloplectus melittifolius (L.) Mart. ex Loudon = Nautilocalyx
melittifolius (L.) Wiehler Besleria lanceolata Urb. var. coriacea (Urb.) Stehlé f. typica Stehlé =
Alloplectus pubescens (Griseb.) Fawc. = Columnea pubescens (Griseb.)
Kuntze Besleria lanceolata Urb. var. genuina Stehlé = Besleria lanceolata Urb.
Alloplectus repens Hook. = Columnea repens (Hook.) Hanst. Besleria lutea L., Sp. Pl. 619. 1753; Eriphia lutea (L.) Raf., Sylva Tellur.
77. 1838.
Alloplectus sanguineus (Pers.) G. Don = Columnea sanguinea (Pers.)
Besleria berteroana DC., Prodr. 7(2): 538. 1839.
Hanst.
Besleria lutea L. var. alpestris Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 348. 1901.
*Bellonia aspera L., Sp. Pl. 172. 1753. Besleria lutea L. var. brevipes Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 348. 1901.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Besleria lutea L. var. intermedia Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 348. 1901.
Common Names: Clavellina, Clavellina blanca (Dominican Republic). Besleria lutea L. var. leucantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 644. 1921.
References: 5, 7, 123, 148. Besleria lutea L. var. vincentina Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 348. 1901.
*Bellonia spinosa Sw., Prodr. 42. 1788. Besleria lutea L. var. vulgaris Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 347. 1901, nom. inval.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Eriphia jamaicensis Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 337. 1818.
Hispaniola. Eriphia pallida Raf., Sylva Tellur. 77. 1838.
References: 3, 5, 7, 148. Gesneria calycina Sieber ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 681. 1840.
Besleria berteroana DC. = Besleria lutea L. (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts, St.
Besleria coriacea Urb. = Besleria lanceolata Urb. Lucia, St. Vincent), and South America.
Common Names: Bois gleau, Herbe à miel, Herbe à pique bâtard
Besleria cristata L. = Crantzia cristata (L.) Scop. ex Fritsch
(Lesser Antilles).
Besleria elongata Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 353. 1901. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 148.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent).
Besleria lutea sensu Griseb., non L. = Besleria filipes Urb.
Besleria lutea L. var. alpestris Urb. = Besleria lutea L.
Besleria filipes Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 350. 1901.
Besleria filipes Urb. f. glaberrima C.V. Morton, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. Besleria lutea L. var. brevipes Urb. = Besleria lutea L.
26: 426. 1939. Besleria lutea L. var. imrayi (Hook. f.) Urb. = Besleria lutea L.
Besleria filipes Urb. f. latior C.V. Morton, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26:
426. 1939. Besleria lutea L. var. intermedia Urb. = Besleria lutea L.
Besleria filipes Urb. f. pilicaulis C.V. Morton, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. Besleria lutea L. var. leucantha Urb. = Besleria lutea L.
26: 426. 1939.
Besleria lutea L. var. vincentina Urb. = Besleria lutea L.
Besleria lutea sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 463. 1862, non L.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, St. Besleria lutea L. var. vulgaris Urb. = Besleria lutea L.
Lucia). Besleria melittifolia L. = Nautilocalyx melittifolius (L.) Wiehler
References: 1, 30, 148, 156.
Besleria petiolaris (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 352. 1901; Collandra Codonoraphia parviflora (Decne.) Oerst. = Gesneria exserta Sw.
petiolaris Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 463. 1862.
Collandra petiolaris Griseb. = Besleria petiolaris (Griseb.) Urb.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica).
References: 1, 30, 148. Collandra phoenicea (Tussac) G. Don ex Loudon = Columnea
sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst.
Besleria pulchella Donn ex Sims = Chrysothemis pulchella (Donn ex
Sims ) Decne. Collandra picta Klotzsch & Hanst. = Columnea sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst.
Besleria sanguinea Pers. = Columnea sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst. Collandra sanguinea (Pers.) Griseb. = Columnea sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst.
Besleria serrulata Jacq. = Drymonia serrulata (Jacq.) Mart. Columnea ambigua (Urb.) B.D. Morley, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 74,
Sect. B, 24: 412. 1974; Alloplectus ambiguus Urb., Symb. Antill.
Besleria umbellata Sims = Chrysothemis pulchella (Donn ex Sims)
1: 408. 1899; Crantzia ambigua (Urb.) Britton in N.L. Britton &
Decne.
P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 204. 1925;
Chorisanthera hispida (Benth.) Oerst. = Gesneria acaulis L. var. acaulis Ortholoma ambiguum (Urb.) Wiehler, Phytologia 27: 320. 1973;
Chorisanthera pumila (Sw.) Oerst. = Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp. pumila Trichantha ambigua (Urb.) Wiehler, Selbyana 1: 34. 1975.
Alloplectus ambiguus Urb. var. chlorosepalus Urb., Symb. Antill. 1:
Chorisanthera tenera Oerst. = Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp. pumila 408. 1899, nom. inval.
Chrysothemis aurantiaca Decne. = Chrysothemis pulchella (Donn ex Alloplectus ambiguus Urb. var. erythrosepalus Urb., Symb. Antill. 1:
Sims ) Decne. 408. 1899.
Alloplectus cristatus sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 261.
Chrysothemis melittifolia (L.) G. Don = Nautilocalyx melittifolius (L.)
1888, non (L.) Mart.
Wiehler
Chrysothemis pulchella (Donn ex Sims ) Decne., Rev. Hort., ser. 3(3), References: 30, 58, 61, 75, 148, 151, 152.
242. 1849; Besleria pulchella Donn, Hort. Cantabrig., ed. 4, 140.
Columnea argentea Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 465. 1862.
1807, nom. nud.; Besleria pulchella Donn ex Sims in Bot. Mag.
Columnea wullschlaegeliana Hanst., Linnaea 34: 414. 1865.
28: t. 1146. 1808; Episcia pulchella (Donn ex Sims) Mart. ex G.
Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 656. 1837-1838; Skiophila pulchella (Donn ex
References: 2, 148.
Sims) Hanst., Linnaea 26: 207. 1854; Tussacia pulchella (Donn ex
Sims) Rchb. ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 6: 740. 1847. Columnea aripoensis Britton = Columnea scandens L.
Besleria umbellata Sims, Bot. Mag. 28: t. 1146. 1808, nom. nud. pro syn. Columnea brevipila Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 41. 1909.
Chrysothemis aurantiaca Decne., Rev. Hort., ser. 3(4), 22: 381. 1855. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Grenada, References: 2, 30, 148, 156.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Margarita, Central America,
and South America; exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Thomas). Columnea cristata (L.) Kuntze = Crantzia cristata (L.) Scop. ex Fritsch
Common Name: Herbe à miel (Lesser Antilles). Columnea cubensis (Urb.) Britton = Columnea sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst.
References: 1, 7, 30, 148, 323.
Columnea domingensis (Urb.) B.D. Morley, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad.
Chrysothemis venosa Decne. = Nautilocalyx melittifolius (L.) Wiehler 74, Sect. B, 24: 412. 1974; Alloplectus domingensis Urb., Symb.
Codonanthe caribaea Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 365. 1901. Antill. 2: 357. 1901; Ortholoma domingense (Urb.) Wiehler,
Codonanthe eggersii Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 366. 1901. Phytologia 27: 321. 1973; Trichantha domingensis (Urb.) Wiehler,
Codonanthe triplinervia Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 339. 1922. Selbyana 1: 34. 1975.
Codonanthe triplinervia Britton var. latifolia C.V. Morton, Fl. Trinidad Alloplectus domingensis Urb. var. microphyllus C.V. Morton, Contr.
& Tobago 2(5): 309. 1955. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 19. 1944.
Codonanthe triplinervia Britton var. purpurea C.V. Morton, Fl. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Trinidad & Tobago 2(5): 309. 1955. References: 5, 7, 30, 148, 151.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe) and South Columnea erecta Lam. = Achimenes erecta (Lam.) H.P. Fuchs
America.
Columnea fawcettii (Urb.) C.V. Morton, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 8.
References: 1, 30.
1944; Columnea hirsuta Sw. var. fawcettii Urb., Symb. Antill. 2:
Codonanthe eggersii Urb. = Codonanthe caribaea Urb. 363. 1901.
Codonanthe triplinervia Britton, Bull. = Codonanthe caribaea Urb. Columnea hirsuta sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 465. 1862, non Sw.
Codonanthe triplinervia Britton var. latifolia C.V. Morton = References: 2, 148.
Codonanthe caribaea Urb.
Columnea grisebachiana Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 472. 1891; Alloplectus
Codonanthe triplinervia Britton var. purpurea C.V. Morton = grisebachianus (Kuntze) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 357. 1901.
Codonanthe caribaea Urb. Alloplectus cristatus sensu (Griseb.) Fawc., Prov. List Pl. Jamaica 28.
Codonophora lanceolata Lindl. = Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Mart. 1893, non (L.) Mart.
Alloplectus grisebachianus (Kuntze) Urb. var. ochrotrichus Urb., Symb.
Codonoraphia albiflora (Decne.) Oerst. = Gesneria pedunculosa (DC.)
Antill. 5: 497. 1908.
Fritsch
Pterygoloma cristatum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 464. 1862.
Codonoraphia calycosa (Hook.) Oerst. = Gesneria calycosa (Hook.) Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Kuntze References: 2, 30, 148, 152, 175.
Codonoraphia catalpiflora (Decne.) Oerst. = Gesneria exserta Sw. Columnea harrisii (Urb.) Britton ex C.V. Morton, Contr. U.S. Natl.
Codonoraphia craniolaria (Sw.) Oerst. = Gesneria fruticosa (L.) Kuntze Herb. 29: 10. 1944; Columnea hirsuta Sw. var. subintegra Urb. f.
harrisii Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 363. 1901.
Codonoraphia lessertiana (Decne.) Oerst. = Gesneria exserta Sw. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
number 9 8 • 353
References: 2, 30, 148. Alloplectus cubensis (Urb.) Stearn, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot.
4(5): 189. 1969; Columnea cubensis (Urb.) Britton, Torreya 5:
Columnea hirsuta Sw., Prodr. 94. 1788; Columnea hirsuta Sw. var.
215. 1906; Dalbergaria cubensis (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung.
genuina Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 361. 1901, nom. inval.
29: 189. 1983; Columnea sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst. var. cubensis
Columnea hirsuta Sw. var. concolor Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 362. 1901.
Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 359. 1901.
Columnea hirsuta Sw. var. pallescens Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 362. 1901.
Collandra phoenicea (Tussac) G. Don ex Loudon, Encycl. Pl. (new ed.)
1402. 1855; Dalbergaria phoenicea Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: 141. 1808.
Collandra picta Klotzsch & Hanst., Allg. Gartenzeitung 22: 162. 1854.
Columnea hirsuta sensu Griseb., non Sw. = Columnea fawcettii (Urb.) Vireya sanguinolenta Raf., Specchio Sci. 1: 194. 1814.
C.V. Morton Columnea sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst. var. trinitensis C.V. Morton, Contr.
Columnea hirsuta sensu Hanst., non Sw. = Columnea urbanii Stearn U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 4. 1944.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Tobago, Trinidad, Central
Columnea hirsuta Sw. var. concolor Urb. = Columnea hirsuta Sw. America, and South America.
Columnea hirsuta Sw. var. fawcettii Urb. = Columnea fawcettii (Urb.) Common Names: Hoja de cristo, Hoja de la virgen, Palo santo, Sangre
C.V. Morton de Cristo (Dominican Republic).
References: 5, 7, 30, 123.
Columnea hirsuta Sw. var. genuina Urb. = Columnea hirsuta Sw.
Columnea sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst. var. cubensis Urb. = Columnea
Columnea hirsuta Sw. var. pallescens Urb. = Columnea hirsuta Sw.
sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst.
Columnea hirsuta Sw. var. subintegra Urb. f. hansenii Urb. = Columnea
Columnea sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst. var. trinitensis C.V. Morton =
proctorii Stearn
Columnea sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst.
Columnea hirsuta Sw. var. subintegra Urb. f. harrisii Urb. = Columnea
Columnea scandens L., Sp. Pl. 638. 1753; Glycanthes scandens (L.)
harrisii (Urb.) Britton ex C.V. Morton
Raf., Sylva Tellur. 83. 1838.
Columnea hirsuta Sw. var. subintegra Urb. f. wullschlaegelii Urb. = Columnea aripoensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 470. 1926.
Columnea urbanii Stearn Columnea hispida sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 262. 1888,
Columnea hispida Sw., Prodr. 94. 1788. non Sw.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Columnea jacquiniana C. Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5,
References: 2, 148. 3: 576. 1845.
Columnea rotundifolia Salisb., Parad. Lond. 1(1): t. 29. 1806.
Columnea hispida sensu A. Stahl, non Sw. = Columnea scandens L. Columnea tulae Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 409. 1899.
Columnea hispida sensu Griseb., non Sw. = Columnea urbanii Stearn Columnea scandens L. f. martinicensis Stehlé, Bull. Soc. Bot. France
109: 33. 1962.
Columnea jacquiniana C. Presl = Columnea scandens L.
Columnea scandens L. f. montserratensis Stehlé, Bull. Soc. Bot. France
Columnea jamaicensis Urb. = Columnea repens (Hook.) Hanst. 109: 33. 1962.
Columnea proctorii Stearn, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 4(5): 222. Columnea scandens L. var. vincentina C.V. Morton, Contr. U.S. Natl.
1969. Herb. 29: 13. 1944.
Columnea hirsuta Sw. var. subintegra Urb. f. hansenii Urb., Symb. Columnea speciosa C. Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3:
Antill. 2: 363. 1901. 575. 1845.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Columnea tocoensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 470. 1926.
References: 2, 148, 156. Columnea tulae Urb. var. flava Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 410. 1899.
Columnea tulae Urb. var. rubra Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 409. 1899, nom.
Columnea pubescens (Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 472. 1891; inval.
Pterygoloma pubescens Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 464. 1862; Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Alloplectus pubescens (Griseb.) Fawc., Prov. List Pl. Jamaica 28. (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
1893; Ortholoma pubescens (Griseb.) Wiehler, Phytologia 27: Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Central America, and South
323. 1973; Trichantha pubescens (Griseb.) Wiehler, Selbyana 1: America.
35. 1975. Common Name: Tibey parásito (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. References: 1, 7, 30, 58, 75, 131, 148.
References: 2, 30, 36, 148.
Columnea scandens L. f. martinicensis Stehlé = Columnea scandens L.
Columnea repens (Hook.) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 396. 1865; Alloplectus
repens Hook., Bot. Mag. 72: t. 4250. 1846; Ortholoma repens Columnea scandens L. f. montserratensis Stehlé = Columnea scandens L.
(Hook.) Wiehler, Phytologia 27: 323. 1973; Pterygoloma repens Columnea scandens L. var. vincentina C.V. Morton = Columnea
(Hook.) Hanst., Linnaea 26: 211. 1854. scandens L.
Columnea jamaicensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 359. 1901.
Columnea speciosa C. Presl = Columnea scandens L.
References: 2, 30, 148. Columnea subcordata C.V. Morton, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 6. 1944.
Columnea rotundifolia Salisb. = Columnea scandens L.
Columnea rutilans Sw., Prodr. 94. 1788.
Columnea tincta Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 526. 1862.
Alloplectus cristatus sensu A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba,
References: 2, 148.
Bot. 11: 72. 1850, non (L.) Mart.
Columnea sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 384. 1865; Besleria Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
sanguinea Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 165. 1806; Alloplectus sanguineus References: 3, 148.
(Pers.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 655. 1837-1838; Collandra sanguinea
Columnea tocoensis Britton = Columnea scandens L.
(Pers.) Griseb., Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s., 8: 526. 1863.
Columnea tulae Urb. = Columnea scandens L. Conradia ventricosa (Sw.) Mart. ex G. Don = Gesneria ventricosa Sw.
subsp. ventricosa
Columnea tulae Urb. var. flava Urb. = Columnea scandens L.
Conradia ventricosa (Sw.) Mart. ex G. Don var. angustior DC. =
Columnea tulae Urb. var. rubra Urb. = Columnea scandens L.
Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp. ventricosa
Columnea urbanii Stearn, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 4(5): 220.
Conradia verrucosa (Decne.) Scheidw. = Gesneria cubensis (Decne.)
1969.
Baill. var. cubensis
Columnea hirsuta sensu Hanst., Linnaea 34: 413. 1865, non Sw.
Columnea hirsuta Sw. var. subintegra Urb. f. wullschlaegelii Urb., Crantzia ambigua (Urb.) Britton = Columnea ambigua (Urb.) B.D.
Symb. Antill. 2: 362. 1901. Morley
Columnea hispida sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 465. 1862, non Sw. Crantzia cristata (L.) Scop. ex Fritsch in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b) : 168. 1894; Besleria cristata L.,
References: 2, 148. Sp. Pl. 619. 1753; Alloplectus cristatus (L.) Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp.
Columnea wullschlaegeliana Hanst. = Columnea argentea Griseb. Pl. 3: 57. 1829; Columnea cristata (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.
2: 472. 1891; Prionoplectus cristatus (L.) Oerst., Centralamer.
Conradia calycina (Sw.) Mart. = Gesneria calycina Sw.
Gesner. 78: t. 9, f. 36-40. 1858.
Conradia calycosa Hook. = Gesneria calycosa (Hook.) Kuntze Lophia phoenicea Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 47. 1825, nom.
Conradia celsioides Griseb. = Gesneria humilis L. illeg.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Conradia clandestina Griseb. = Gesneria clandestina (Griseb.) Urb. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Barthélemy, St.
Conradia corrugata Griseb. = Gesneria libanensis Linden ex C. Morren Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
References: 1, 30.
Conradia craniolaria (Sw.) Mart. = Gesneria fruticosa (L.) Kuntze
Cyrilla pulchella L’Hér. = Achimenes erecta (Lam.) H.P. Fuchs
Conradia cuneifolia DC. = Gesneria cuneifolia (DC.) Fritsch
Dalbergaria cubensis (Urb.) Borhidi = Columnea sanguinea (Pers.)
Conradia depressa Griseb. = Gesneria shaferi Urb. subsp. depressa
Hanst.
(Griseb.) L.E. Skog
Dalbergaria phoenicea Tussac = Columnea sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst.
Conradia exserta (Sw.) Mart. = Gesneria exserta Sw.
Drymonia bicolor Lindl. = Drymonia serrulata (Jacq.) Mart.
Conradia floribunda Paxton = Gesneria libanensis Linden ex C. Morren
Drymonia jacquinii G. Don = Drymonia serrulata (Jacq.) Mart.
Conradia gloxinioides Griseb. = Gesneria gloxinioides (Griseb.) Urb.
Drymonia parvifolia Griseb. = Drymonia serrulata (Jacq.) Mart.
Conradia hispida Benth. = Gesneria acaulis L. var. acaulis
Drymonia serrulata (Jacq.) Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 59. 1829;
Conradia humilis (L.) Mart. ex G. Don = Gesneria humilis L.
Besleria serrulata Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 21. 1798.
Conradia libanensis (Linden ex C. Morren) Griseb. = Gesneria Drymonia bicolor Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 24: t. 4. 1838.
libanensis Linden ex C. Morren Drymonia jacquinii G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 653. 1837–1838.
Conradia libanensis (Linden ex C. Morren) Griseb., in part = Gesneria Drymonia parvifolia Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 463. 1862.
acaulis L. var. acaulis Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Thomas); native to Tobago,
Trinidad, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South
Conradia mimuloides Griseb. = Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp. mimuloides America.
(Griseb.) L.E. Skog References: 30, 148, 323.
Conradia neglecta Hook. = Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp. neglecta Duchartrea sintenisii (Urb.) Britton = Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.)
(Hook.) L.E. Skog Kuntze subsp. sintenisii (Urb.) L.E. Skog
Conradia pedunculosa DC. = Gesneria pedunculosa (DC.) Fritsch Duchartrea viridiflora Decne. = Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze
Conradia pedunculosa DC. var. lutea Bello = Gesneria pedunculosa subsp. viridiflora
(DC.) Fritsch Episcia cupreata (Hook.) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 340. 1865; Achimenes
Conradia pedunculosa DC. var. pallida Bello = Gesneria pedunculosa cupreata Hook., Bot. Mag. 73: t. 4312. 1847.
(DC.) Fritsch Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
(St. Croix), Margarita, Mexico, and Central America; native to
Conradia pumila (Sw.) Mart. = Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp. pumila
South America.
Conradia pumila sensu Millsp., non (Sw.) Mart. = Gesneria humilis L. Common Names: Barba de arón, Begonia abisinia, Episcia (Cuba),
Conradia reticulata Griseb. = Gesneria reticulata (Griseb.) Urb. Begonia, Begonia de México (Dominican Republic).
References: 7, 58, 123, 132, 148, 230, 323.
Conradia reticulata sensu A. Stahl, non Griseb. = Gesneria cuneifolia
(DC.) Fritsch Episcia guadalupensis (DC.) Hanst. = Nautilocalyx melittifolius (L.)
Wiehler
Conradia reticulata sensu Griseb., in part = Gesneria cuneifolia (DC.)
Fritsch Episcia melittifolia (L.) Mart. = Nautilocalyx melittifolius (L.) Wiehler
Conradia reticulata Griseb. var. obovata Griseb. = Gesneria reticulata Episcia melittifolia (L.) Mart. var. guadalupensis (DC.) Urb. =
(Griseb.) Urb. Nautilocalyx melittifolius (L.) Wiehler
Conradia reticulata Griseb. var. ovata Griseb. = Gesneria reticulata Episcia pulchella (Donn ex Sims) Mart. ex G. Don = Chrysothemis
(Griseb.) Urb. pulchella (Donn ex Sims ) Decne.
Conradia scabra (Sw.) Mart. = Gesneria scabra Sw. var. scabra Eriphia jamaicensis Roem. & Schult. = Besleria lutea L.
Conradia sloanei DC. = Gesneria acaulis L. var. acaulis Eriphia lutea (L.) Raf. = Besleria lutea L.
number 9 8 • 355
Eriphia pallida Raf. = Besleria lutea L. **Gesneria brevifolia Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 69. 1925.
**Gesneria acaulis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1110. 1759, var. acaulis;
Pentaraphia acaulis (L.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Fawc., Prov. List Pl.
Jamaica 28. 1893. **Gesneria bullata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 50. 1926.
Conradia hispida Benth., Pl. Hartw. 264. 1846; Gesneria hispida Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
(Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891; Chorisanthera References: 7, 148.
hispida (Benth.) Oerst., Centralamer. Gesner. 68. 1858; Gesneria calcicola Alain = Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill. var. cubensis
Pentaraphia hispida (Benth.) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 293. 1865.
Conradia libanensis sensu Griseb., in part, Fl. Brit. W. I. 462. 1862; **Gesneria calycina Sw., Prodr. 90. 1788; Conradia calycina (Sw.)
Pentaraphia libanensis (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Fawc., nom. Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 38. 1829; Gloxinia calycina (Sw.)
illeg., non Hanst., Prov. List Pl. Jamaica 28. 1893. Hort. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 690. 1840; Pentaraphia
Conradia sloanei DC., Prodr. 7(2): 526. 1839; Pentaraphia sloanei calycina (Sw.) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 307. 1865; Sinningia calycina
(DC.) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 295. 1865. (Sw.) Hort. ex G. Don in J.C. Loudon, Hort. Brit. 241. 1830;
Gesneria acaulis L. var. grandifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 380. 1901. Vaupellia calycina (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 460. 1862.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Gloxinia lindleyi Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 690. 1840.
**Gesneria acaulis L. var. glabrata L.E. Skog, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
29: 105. 1976. Species.
Reference: 21. Gesneria calycina Sieber ex Steud. = Besleria lutea L.
Gesneria acaulis L. var. grandifolia Urb. = Gesneria acaulis L. var. acaulis **Gesneria calycosa (Hook.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891;
Conradia calycosa Hook., Icon. Pl. 7: t. 689-690. 1844;
Gesneria acaulis sensu Poir., non L. = Gesneria christii Urb. Codonoraphia calycosa (Hook.) Oerst., Centralamer. Gesner. 68.
Gesneria acrochordonanthe (L.E. Skog) Borhidi = Gesneria viridiflora 1858; Pentaraphia calycosa (Hook.) Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot.,
(Decne.) Kuntze subsp. acrochordonanthe L.E. Skog ser. 3, 6: 99. 1846.
Gesneria acuminata Urb. = Gesneria humilis L.
References: 2, 21, 148, 427.
Gesneria acunae Borhidi = Gesneria purpurascens Urb. Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Gesneria albiflora (Decne.) Kuntze = Gesneria pedunculosa (DC.) Species.
Fritsch Gesneria calycosa (Hook.) Kuntze var. alpina Urb. = Gesneria alpina
**Gesneria alpina (Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 498. 1908; Gesneria (Urb.) Urb.
calycosa (Hook.) Kuntze var. alpina Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 376. Gesneria catalpiflora (Decne.) Kuntze = Gesneria exserta Sw.
1901.
Gesneria celsioides (Griseb.) Urb. = Gesneria humilis L.
References: 2, 148. **Gesneria christii Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 42. 1909.
Gesneria acaulis sensu Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl., 3:
Gesneria angustior (DC.) Kuntze = Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp.
88. 1823, non L.
ventricosa
**Gesneria aspera Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 49. 1926. References: 7, 21, 30, 148.
**Gesneria citrina Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 477. 1900.
References: 7, 156.
Gesneria auriculata (Hook.) Kuntze = Rhytidophyllum auriculatum References: 58, 61, 148.
Hook.
**Gesneria clandestina (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 377. 1901;
**Gesneria barahonensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 379. 1912. Conradia clandestina Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 461. 1862; Pentaraphia
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). clandestina (Griseb.) Fawc., Prov. List Pl. Jamaica 28. 1893.
Gesneria berteroana (Mart.) Kuntze = Rhytidophyllum berteroanum References: 2, 148.
Mart. **Gesneria clarensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16:
Gesneria biflora Sessé & Moc. = Gesneria pedunculosa (DC.) Fritsch 109. 1920.
**Gesneria binghamii C.V. Morton, Brittonia 9: 19. 1957; Pentaraphia References: 3, 148, 156.
incurva Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 199. 1866; Gesneria incurva
(Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 374. 1901, nom. illeg., non Benth. Gesneria clarensis Britton & P. Wilson subsp. turquinensis (C.V.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Morton) Borhidi = Gesneria heterochroa Urb.
References: 3, 148. Gesneria clarensis Britton & P. Wilson var. turquinensis C.V. Morton =
Gesneria bonaoana Alain = Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill. var. Gesneria heterochroa Urb.
cubensis Gesneria corymbosa DC. = Gesneria exserta Sw.
**Gesneria brachysepala Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 34. 1931. Gesneria corymbosa Sieber ex Steud. = Nautilocalyx melittifolius (L.)
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Wiehler
References: 7, 21, 148, 156.
Gesneria corymbosa Sw. = Pheidonocarpa corymbosa (Sw.) L.E. Skog
Gesneria bracteosa Urb. = Gesneria duchartreoides (C. Wright) Urb. subsp. corymbosa
Gesneria craniolaria Sw. = Gesneria fruticosa (L.) Kuntze Gesneria depressa (Griseb.) Urb. = Gesneria shaferi Urb. subsp.
depressa (Griseb.) L.E. Skog
Gesneria crenulata A. DC. ex DC. = Rhytidophyllum crenulatum DC.
Gesneria dolichostyla Urb. = Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill. var.
**Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 10: 60. 1888, var.
cubensis
cubensis; Pentaraphia cubensis Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3,
6: 108. 1846; Gesneria verrucosa (Decne.) Kuntze subsp. cubensis Gesneria domingensis Urb. = Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill. var.
(Decne.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 33. 1979. cubensis
Conradia verrucosa (Decne.) Scheidw., Allg. Gartenzeitung 15: 226. **Gesneria duchartreoides (C. Wright) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 375.
1847; Pentaraphia verrucosa Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 6: 1901; Pentaraphia duchartreoides C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle,
107. 1846; Gesneria verrucosa (Decne.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 6: 316. 1870.
473. 1891. Gesneria bracteosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 269. 1924.
Gesneria bonaoana Alain, Phytologia 25: 275. 1973. Gesneria nipensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 109.
Gesneria calcicola Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 144. 1971. 1920.
Gesneria dolichostyla Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 540. 1913. Gesneria norlindii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 268. 1924.
Gesneria domingensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 223. Gesneria pachyclada Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 270. 1924.
1925. Gesneria zeziana Kitan., Fitologiya 11: 50. 1979.
Gesneria heteroclada Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 372. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
1922. References: 21, 30, 148, 156.
Gesneria mornincola Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 75. 1929.
Gesneria scopulorum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 73. 1929. **Gesneria earlei Urb. & Britton in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 380.
Gesneria subalata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 74. 1929. 1912; Rhytidophyllum earlei (Urb. & Britton) C.V. Morton,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Brittonia 9: 23. 1957.
References: 3, 5, 7, 8, 21, 30, 148, 156. References: 3, 30, 148, 156.
**Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill. var. truncata (Alain) L.E. Skog, **Gesneria ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 55. 1921.
Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 29: 57. 1976; Gesneria truncata Alain, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Brittonia 20: 155. 1968; Gesneria verrucosa (Decne.) Kuntze References: 7, 148.
subsp. truncata (Alain) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: Gesneria exogonia Sessé & Moc. ex DC. = Gesneria pedunculosa (DC.)
33. 1979. Fritsch
Gesneria exogonia Sessé & Moc. = Gesneria pedunculosa (DC.) Fritsch
**Gesneria exserta Sw., Prodr. 90. 1788; Conradia exserta (Sw.) Mart.,
**Gesneria cuneifolia (DC.) Fritsch in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl,
Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 38. 1829; Pentaraphia exserta (Sw.) Decne.,
Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 184. 1894; Conradia cuneifolia DC.,
Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 6: 104. 1846.
Prodr. 7(2): 526. 1839; Pentaraphia cuneifolia (DC.) Hanst.,
Codonoraphia catalpiflora (Decne.) Oerst., Centralamer. Gesner. 68.
Linnaea 34: 294. 1865.
1858; Pentaraphia catalpiflora Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3,
Conradia reticulata sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 259. 1888,
6: 100. 1846; Gesneria catalpiflora (Decne.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
non Griseb.
Pl. 2: 473. 1891.
Conradia reticulata sensu Griseb., in part, Cat. Pl. Cub. 201. 1866.
Gesneria corymbosa DC., Prodr. 7(2): 525. 1839, nom. illeg.
Gesneria cuneifolia Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 144. 1894.
Gesneria lessertiana (Decne.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891;
Gesneria portoricensis DC. ex Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10:
Pentaraphia lessertiana Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 6: 101.
288. 1881.
1846; Codonoraphia lessertiana (Decne.) Oerst., Centralamer.
Gesner. 68. 1858.
Common Names: Yerba de cueva, Yerba parrera (Puerto Rico).
Gesneria parviflora (Decne.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891;
References: 30, 58, 61, 75, 131, 148.
Pentaraphia parviflora Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 6: 102.
Gesneria cuneifolia Sessé & Moc. = Gesneria cuneifolia (DC.) Fritsch 1846; Codonoraphia parviflora (Decne.) Oerst., Centralamer.
Gesneria cuneifolia (DC.) Fritsch var. disjuncta C.V. Morton = Gesneria Gesner. 68. 1858.
reticulata (Griseb.) Urb. Gesneria quadriflora Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 6: 102. 1846,
nom. nud. pro syn.
Gesneria cuneifolia (DC.) Fritsch subsp. disjuncta (C.V. Morton) Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Borhidi = Gesneria reticulata (Griseb.) Urb. References: 2, 148.
Gesneria cuneifolia (DC.) Fritsch var. obovata (Griseb.) C.V. Morton = Gesneria fawcettii Urb. = Gesneria scabra Sw. var. fawcettii (Urb.) L.E.
Gesneria reticulata (Griseb.) Urb. Skog
Gesneria cuneifolia (DC.) Fritsch subsp. obovata (Griseb.) Borhidi = Gesneria fawcettii Urb. subsp. viridicalyx (L.E. Skog) Borhidi =
Gesneria reticulata (Griseb.) Urb. Gesneria scabra Sw. var. viridicalyx L.E. Skog
Gesneria cymosa Urb. = Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp. cymosa L.E. Skog Gesneria ferruginea (C. Wright) Urb. = Gesneria salicifolia (Griseb.)
**Gesneria decapleura Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 542. 1913. Urb. var. ferruginea (C. Wright) L.E. Skog
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. **Gesneria filipes Alain, Moscosoa 1(1): 42. 1976.
**Gesneria denticulata Alain, Moscosoa 1(1): 41. 1976. References: 8, 148, 156.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Note: Not cited in Liogier’s Flora of Hispaniola (7).
References: 8, 148, 156. Gesneria filisepala Alain = Gesneria pulverulenta Alain
Note: Not cited in Liogier’s Flora of Hispaniola (7).
number 9 8 • 357
Gesneria fimbriata Lam. = Gesneria fruticosa (L.) Kuntze 279. 1894; Gesneria celsioides (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2:
377. 1901; Gesneria humilis L. subsp. celsioides (Griseb.) Borhidi,
**Gesneria fruticosa (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891;
Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 34. 1979.
Craniolaria fruticosa L., Sp. Pl. 618. 1753; Martynia fruticosa (L.)
Conradia pumila sensu Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.,
Gloxin, Observ. Bot. 15. 1785.
1(6): 434. 1900, non (Sw.) Mart.
Gesneria craniolaria Sw., Prodr. 89. 1788; Conradia craniolaria (Sw.)
Gesneria acuminata Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 479. 1900.
Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 38. 1829; Pentaraphia craniolaria (Sw.)
Gesneria incisa Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 479. 1900.
Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 6: 99. 1846; Codonoraphia
craniolaria (Sw.) Oerst., Centralamer. Gesner. 68. 1858.
Hispaniola.
Gesneria fimbriata Lam., Encycl. 2: 703. 1788, nom. superfl.
References: 3, 7, 21, 148.
References: 7, 148. Gesneria humilis sensu L., 1763, in part = Rhytidophyllum tomentosum
(L.) Mart.
Gesneria gibberosa Urb. = Gesneria salicifolia (Griseb.) Urb. var.
salicifolia Gesneria humilis L. subsp. celsioides (Griseb.) Borhidi = Gesneria
humilis L.
**Gesneria glandulosa (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 373. 1901;
Pentaraphia glandulosa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 199. 1866. **Gesneria hybocarpa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 76. 1929.
References: 3, 21, 148, 156. References: 5, 7, 21, 148, 156.
**Gesneria gloxinioides (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 377. 1901; **Gesneria hypoclada Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 50. 1926.
Conradia gloxinioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 200. 1866; Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Pentaraphia gloxinioides (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. References: 7, 21, 148, 156.
Hist. Nat. 23: 279. 1894. Gesneria incisa Urb. = Gesneria humilis L.
References: 3, 30, 39, 148. Gesneria incurva (Griseb.) Urb. = Gesneria binghamii C.V. Morton
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of **Gesneria jamaicensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 341. 1922.
Gesneria grandis Fisch. ex Hanst. = Rhytidophyllum leucomallon Hanst. References: 2, 21, 148, 156.
Gesneria grandis sensu Rich., non Sw. = Rhytidophyllum tomentosum **Gesneria lanceolata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 72. 1929.
(L.) Mart. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 5, 7, 21, 148.
Gesneria grandis sensu Spreng., non Sw. = Rhytidophyllum auriculatum
Hook. var. auriculatum Gesneria leiocarpa Urb. & Britton = Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp.
neglecta (Hook.) L.E. Skog
Gesneria grandis Sw. = Rhytidophyllum grande (Sw.) Mart. var. grande
Gesneria lessertiana (Decne.) Kuntze = Gesneria exserta Sw.
**Gesneria haitiensis L.E. Skog, Baileya 18: 114. 1972 [“1971”].
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Gesneria leucomalla (Hanst.) Kuntze = Rhytidophyllum leucomallon
References: 7, 21, 148, 156. Hanst.
**Gesneria harrisii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 497. 1908. **Gesneria libanensis Linden ex C. Morren, Ann. Soc. Roy. Agric.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Gand 2: 361. 1846; Conradia libanensis (Linden ex C. Morren)
References: 2, 148, 156. Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 462. 1862; Ophianthe libanensis (Linden ex
C. Morren) Hanst., Linnaea 26: 205. 1854; Pentaraphia libanensis
Gesneria herminieri (Decne.) Kuntze = Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp. (Linden ex C. Morren) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 292. 1865.
ventricosa Conradia corrugata Griseb., Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s., 8: 526. 1863;
**Gesneria heterochroa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 270. 1924. Pentaraphia corrugata (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist.
Gesneria clarensis Britton & P. Wilson var. turquinensis C.V. Morton, Nat. 23: 280. 1894; Gesneria libanensis Linden ex C. Morren var.
Brittonia 9: 19. 1957; Gesneria clarensis Britton & P. Wilson corrugata (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 381. 1901.
subsp. turquinensis (C.V. Morton) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 27. Conradia floribunda Paxton, Paxton’s Mag. Bot. 15: 99. 1849.
1975; Gesneria heterochroa Urb. var. turquinensis (C.V. Morton) Gesneria lopezii C.V. Morton, Brittonia 9: 19. 1957; Gesneria
Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 33. 1979. libanensis Linden ex C. Morren subsp. lopezii (C.V. Morton)
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 34. 1979.
References: 3, 30, 148. Pentaraphia floribunda (Lem.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Carriere, Rev.
Hort. 50: 30. 1878; Rhytidophyllum floribundum Lem., Fl. Serres
Gesneria heterochroa Urb. var. turquinensis (C.V. Morton) Borhidi =
Jard. Eur. 2: t. 178. 1846, nom. superfl.; Herincquia floribunda
Gesneria heterochroa Urb.
(Lem.) Decne. ex Hérincq, Rev. Hort., ser. 3(2), 20: 323. 1848.
Gesneria heteroclada Urb. = Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill. var. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
cubensis References: 3, 21, 148, 156.
Gesneria hirsuta Kunth = Kohleria hirsuta (Kunth) Regel Gesneria libanensis Linden ex C. Morren var. corrugata (Griseb.) Urb.
Gesneria hispida (Benth.) Kuntze = Gesneria acaulis L. var. acaulis = Gesneria libanensis Linden ex C. Morren
**Gesneria humilis L., Sp. Pl. 612. 1753; Conradia humilis (L.) Mart. Gesneria libanensis Linden ex C. Morren subsp. lopezii (C.V. Morton)
ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 650. 1837–1838; Pentaraphia humilis Borhidi = Gesneria libanensis Linden ex C. Morren
(L.) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 294. 1865. Gesneria lindleyana (Decne.) Kuntze = Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp.
Conradia celsioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 200. 1866; Pentaraphia ventricosa
celsioides (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23:
Gesneria lindmanii Urb. = Gesneria shaferi Urb. subsp. shaferi Gesneria biflora Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 144. 1894.
Gesneria exogonia Sessé & Moc. ex DC., Prodr. 7(2): 525. 1839, nom.
**Gesneria lomensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 70. 1925;
nud. pro syn.
Rhytidophyllum lomense (Urb.) C.V. Morton, Brittonia 9: 23.
Gesneria exogonia Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 143. 1894.
1957.
Pentaraphia longiflora sensu O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins, Contr. U.S.
Natl. Herb. 8: 215. 1903, non Lindl.
Tupa acuminata sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 29. 1888,
Gesneria longiflora (Lindl.) Baill. = Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp. non DC.
ventricosa Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Gesneria lopezii C.V. Morton = Gesneria libanensis Linden ex C. Morren Common Name: Árbol de navidad (Puerto Rico).
References: 58, 75, 131, 148.
Gesneria mimuloides (Griseb.) Urb. = Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp.
mimuloides (Griseb.) L.E. Skog Gesneria petiolaris (DC.) Kuntze = Rhytidophyllum petiolare DC.
Gesneria montana (Decne.) Kuntze = Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp. Gesneria plumierana (DC.) Kuntze = Rhytidophyllum auriculatum
ventricosa Hook.
Gesneria mornincola Urb. & Ekman = Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill. Gesneria portoricensis DC. ex Bello = Gesneria cuneifolia (DC.) Fritsch
var. cubensis Gesneria proctorii Stearn = Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp. proctorii
Gesneria mortonii Wiehler = Pheidonocarpa corymbosa (Sw.) L.E. Skog (Stearn) L.E. Skog
subsp. cubensis (C.V. Morton) L.E. Skog Gesneria pulchella Sw., nom. illeg. = Achimenes erecta (Lam.) H.P.
Gesneria neglecta (Hook.) Kuntze = Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp. Fuchs
neglecta (Hook.) L.E. Skog **Gesneria pulverulenta Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 146.
Gesneria nipensis Britton & P. Wilson = Gesneria duchartreoides 1971.
(C. Wright) Urb. Gesneria filisepala Alain, Phytologia 22: 173. 1971.
Gesneria saxatilis Alain, Phytologia 22: 173. 1971.
Gesneria norlindii Urb. = Gesneria duchartreoides (C. Wright) Urb. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
**Gesneria odontophylla Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 34. 1931. References: 7, 8, 148, 156.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). **Gesneria pumila Sw., Prodr. 90. 1788, subsp. pumila; Chorisanthera
References: 7, 21, 148. pumila (Sw.) Oerst., Centralamer. Gesner. 35. 1858; Conradia
**Gesneria onychocalyx L.E. Skog, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 29: 133. pumila (Sw.) Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 38. 1829; Pentaraphia
1976; Gesneria sp. B. of C.D. Adams, Fl. Pl. Jamaica 681. 1972. pumila (Sw.) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 305. 1865.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Chorisanthera tenera Oerst., Centralamer. Gesner. 35. 1858; Gesneria
References: 2, 148. tenera (Oerst.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891; Pentaraphia
tenera (Oerst.) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 304. 1865.
Gesneria pachyclada Urb. = Gesneria duchartreoides (C. Wright) Urb.
Gesneria pallida C.V. Morton ex Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Gesneria References: 2, 148.
reticulata (Griseb.) Urb.
**Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp. mimuloides (Griseb.) L.E. Skog,
Gesneria parviflora (Decne.) Kuntze = Gesneria exserta Sw. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 29: 148. 1976; Conradia mimuloides
**Gesneria parvifolia Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 145. 1971. Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 467. 1862; Gesneria mimuloides (Griseb.)
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 377. 1901; Pentaraphia mimuloides
References: 7, 14, 21, 148, 156. (Griseb.) Fawc., Prov. List Pl. Jamaica 28. 1893.
**Gesneria pauciflora Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 478. 1900. References: 2, 148.
References: 21, 58, 61, 148, 633. **Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp. neglecta (Hook.) L.E. Skog, Smithsonian
Note: Considered a threatened species by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Contr. Bot. 29: 150. 1976; Conradia neglecta Hook., Icon. Pl. 9:
Service. t. 874. 1851; Gesneria neglecta (Hook.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:
473. 1891; Pentaraphia neglecta (Hook.) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 305.
**Gesneria pedicellaris Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 146. 1865.
1971. Gesneria leiocarpa Urb. & Britton in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 378.
**Gesneria pedunculosa (DC.) Fritsch in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. References: 2, 148.
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 184. 1894; Conradia pedunculosa **Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp. proctorii (Stearn) L.E. Skog, Smithsonian
DC., Prodr. 7(2): 525. 1839; Pentaraphia pedunculosa (DC.) Contr. Bot. 29: 152. 1976; Gesneria proctorii Stearn, Baileya 18:
Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 6: 108. 1846. 113. 1972 [“1971”].
Codonoraphia albiflora (Decne.) Oerst., Centralamer. Gesner. 68. 1858; Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Pentaraphia albiflora Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 6: 101. References: 2, 148.
1846; Gesneria albiflora (Decne.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473.
1891. **Gesneria purpurascens Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 380. 1901.
Conradia pedunculosa DC. var. lutea Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. Gesneria acunae Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 230. 1977
10: 288. 1881. [“1976”].
Conradia pedunculosa DC. var. pallida Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Gesneria purpurascens Urb. var. yamuriensis (Britton & P. Wilson)
Nat. 10: 288. 1881. Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 34. 1979; Gesneria
number 9 8 • 359
yamuriensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 109. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Gesneria salicifolia (Griseb.) Urb. subsp. spathulata (L.E. Skog) Borhidi
References: 3, 30, 148. = Gesneria salicifolia (Griseb.) Urb. var. spathulata L.E. Skog
Gesneria purpurascens Urb. var. yumuriensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Gesneria samuelssonii Urb. = Gesneria shaferi Urb. subsp. depressa
Borhidi = Gesneria purpurascens Urb. (Griseb.) L.E. Skog
Gesneria quadriflora Decne. = Gesneria exserta Sw. Gesneria saxatilis Alain = Gesneria pulverulenta Alain
Gesneria quisqueyana Alain = Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze **Gesneria scabra Sw., Prodr. 89. 1788, var. scabra; Conradia scabra
subsp. quisqueyana (Alain) L.E. Skog (Sw.) Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 38. 1829; Pentaraphia scabra
**Gesneria reticulata (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 478. 1900; (Sw.) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 308. 1865.
Conradia reticulata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 201. 1866; Pentaraphia Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
reticulata (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: References: 2, 148.
280. 1894. Gesneria scabra sensu Spreng., non Sw. = Rhytidophyllum berteroanum
Gesneria cuneifolia (DC.) Fritsch var. disjuncta C.V. Morton, Brittonia Mart.
9: 19. 1957; Gesneria cuneifolia (DC.) Fritsch subsp. disjuncta
(C.V. Morton) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 27. 1975. **Gesneria scabra Sw. var. fawcettii (Urb.) L.E. Skog, Smithsonian
Conradia reticulata Griseb. var. obovata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 201. Contr. Bot. 29: 81. 1976; Gesneria fawcettii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5:
1866; Gesneria cuneifolia DC. var. obovata (Griseb.) C.V. 500. 1908.
Morton, Brittonia 9: 19. 1957; Gesneria cuneifolia DC. subsp. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
obovata (Griseb.) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 27. 1975; Gesneria References: 2, 148.
cuneifolia (DC.) Fritsch var. obovata (Griseb.) C.V. Morton, **Gesneria scabra Sw. var. sphaerocarpa (Urb.) L.E. Skog, Smithsonian
Brittonia 9: 19. 1957; Gesneria cuneifolia (DC.) Fritsch subsp. Contr. Bot. 29: 83. 1976; Gesneria sphaerocarpa Urb., Symb.
obovata (Griseb.) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 27. 1975. Antill. 5: 499. 1908; Gesneria scabra Sw. subsp. sphaerocarpa
Conradia reticulata Griseb. var. ovata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 201. 1866; (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 33. 1979.
Pentaraphia reticulata (Griseb.) M. Gómez var. ovata (Griseb.) Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 280. 1894. References: 2, 148.
Gesneria pallida C.V. Morton ex Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad.
Gesneria scabra Sw. subsp. sphaerocarpa (Urb.) Borhidi = Gesneria
Sci. Hung. 22: 319. 1977 [“1976”].
scabra Sw. var. sphaerocarpa (Urb.) L.E. Skog
and Puerto Rico. **Gesneria scabra Sw. var. viridicalyx L.E. Skog, Smithsonian Contr.
References: 3, 7, 30, 58, 75, 148, 210. Bot. 29: 84. 1976; Gesneria fawcettii Urb. subsp. viridicalyx (L.E.
Skog) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 33. 1979.
**Gesneria rupincola Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 382. 1901; Heppiella
rupincola C. Wright ex Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana
Reference: 148.
6: 316. 1869; Rhytidophyllum rupincola (Urb.) C.V. Morton,
Brittonia 9: 22. 1957. Gesneria scopulorum Urb. & Ekman = Gesneria cubensis (Decne.)
Rhytidophyllum petiolare sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 198. 1866, non Baill. var. cubensis
DC. **Gesneria shaferi Urb. Symb. Antill. 7: 541. 1913, subsp. shaferi
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Gesneria lindmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 271. 1924.
**Gesneria salicifolia (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 373. 1901, var. References: 3, 30, 39, 148, 156.
salicifolia; Pentaraphia salicifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 199. 1866. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Gesneria gibberosa Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 477. 1915; Cuba (39).
Gesneria salicifolia (Griseb.) Urb. subsp. gibberosa (Urb.) Borhidii, **Gesneria shaferi Urb. subsp. depressa (Griseb.) L.E. Skog,
Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 33. 1979. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 29: 155. 1976; Conradia depressa
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 200. 1866; Gesneria depressa (Griseb.)
References: 3, 30, 148, 156. Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 378. 1901; Pentaraphia depressa (Griseb.)
**Gesneria salicifolia (Griseb.) Urb. var. ferruginea (C. Wright) M. Gomez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 279. 1894.
L.E. Skog, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 29: 70. 1976; Pentaraphia Gesneria samuelssonii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 70.
ferruginea C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. 1925.
Habana 6: 317. 1870; Gesneria ferruginea (C. Wright) Urb., Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Symb. Antill. 2: 373. 1901. Reference: 148.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Gesneria sintenisii Urb. = Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze subsp.
References: 3, 39, 148, 156. sintenisii (Urb.) L.E. Skog
Cuba (39). Gesneria sintenisii Urb. subsp. quisqueyana (Alain) Borhidi = Gesneria
viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze subsp. quisqueyana (Alain) L.E. Skog
Gesneria salicifolia (Griseb.) Urb. subsp. gibberosa (Urb.) Borhidii =
Gesneria salicifolia (Griseb.) Urb. var. salicifolia Gesneria sp. B. C.D. Adams = Gesneria onychocalyx L.E. Skog
**Gesneria salicifolia (Griseb.) Urb. var. spathulata L.E. Skog, Gesneria sphaerocarpa Urb. = Gesneria scabra Sw. var. sphaerocarpa
Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 29: 71. 1976; Gesneria salicifolia (Urb.) L.E. Skog
(Griseb.) Urb. subsp. spathulata (L.E. Skog) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Gesneria subalata Urb. & Ekman = Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill.
Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 33. 1979. var. cubensis
Gesneria sylvicola Alain = Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze subsp. Gesneria ventricosa Sw. var. obovata Urb. = Gesneria ventricosa Sw.
quisqueyana (Alain) L.E. Skog subsp. ventricosa
Gesneria tenera (Oerst.) Kuntze = Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp. pumila Gesneria ventricosa Sw. var. ovata Urb. = Gesneria ventricosa Sw.
subsp. ventricosa
Gesneria tomentosa L., in part = Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook.
var. auriculatum Gesneria vernicosa (Urb. & Ekman) Wiehler = Rhytidophyllum
vernicosum Urb. & Ekman
Gesneria tomentosa L., in part = Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Mart.
Gesneria verrucosa (Decne.) Kuntze = Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill.
Gesneria tomentosa Moc. ex DC. = Rhytidophyllum petiolare DC.
var. cubensis
Gesneria tomentosa sensu Spreng. = Rhytidophyllum petiolare DC.
Gesneria verrucosa (Decne.) Kuntze subsp. cubensis (Decne.) Borhidi =
Gesneria tomentosa sensu Jacq., non L. = Rhytidophyllum Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill. var. cubensis
crenulatum DC.
Gesneria verrucosa (Decne.) Kuntze subsp. truncata (Alain) Borhidi =
Gesneria truncata Alain = Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill. var. Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill. var. truncata (Alain) L.E. Skog
truncata (Alain) L.E. Skog
**Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891,
Gesneria ventricosa Sw. f. montana (Decne.) Stehlé = Gesneria subsp. viridiflora; Duchartrea viridiflora Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat.,
ventricosa Sw. subsp. ventricosa Bot., ser. 3, 6: 109. 1846; Pentaraphia viridiflora (Decne.) Hanst.,
Gesneria ventricosa Sw. f. obovata (Urb.) Stehlé = Gesneria ventricosa Linnaea 34: 306. 1865.
Sw. subsp. ventricosa Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze var. acutifolia C.V. Morton, Fl.
Cuba 4: 457. 1957.
Gesneria ventricosa Sw. f. ovata (Urb.) Stehlé = Gesneria ventricosa Sw. Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze var. colorata C.V. Morton,
subsp. ventricosa Brittonia 9: 21. 1957; Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze subsp.
**Gesneria ventricosa Sw., Prodr. 90. 1788, subsp. ventricosa; colorata (C.V. Morton) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 27. 1975.
Conradia ventricosa (Sw.) Mart. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 650. Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze var. obovata C.V. Morton,
1837-1838; Pentaraphia ventricosa (Sw.) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 299. Brittonia 9: 21. 1957.
Gesneria angustior (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891; Hispaniola.
Conradia ventricosa (Sw.) Mart. ex G. Don var. angustior DC., References: 3, 7, 30, 148.
Prodr. 7(2): 525. 1839. **Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze subsp. acrochordonanthe
Gesneria herminieri (Decne.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891; L.E. Skog, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 29: 139. 1976; Gesneria
Pentaraphia herminieri Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 6: 106. acrochordonanthe (L.E. Skog) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
1846. 25: 35. 1979.
Gesneria lindleyana (Decne.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891; Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Pentaraphia lindleyana Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 6: 103. References: 7, 148.
1846; Pentaraphia longiflora Lindl. var. lindleyana (Decne.) Duss.,
Ann. Inst. Bot.-Geol. Colon. Marseille 3: 430. 1897 [“1896”]. Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze var. acutifolia C.V. Morton =
Gesneria longiflora (Lindl.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 10: 59. 1888; Pentaraphia Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze subsp. viridiflora
longiflora Lindl., Bot. Reg. 13: t. 1110. 1827, nom. illeg. Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze var. colorata C.V. Morton =
Gesneria montana (Decne.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891; Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze subsp. viridiflora
Pentaraphia montana Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 6: 105.
Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze subsp. colorata (C.V. Morton)
1846; Gesneria ventricosa Sw. f. montana (Decne.) Stehlé, Bull.
Borhidi = Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze subsp. viridiflora
Soc. Bot. France 109: 31. 1962.
Gesneria ventricosa Sw. f. obovata (Urb.) Stehlé, Bull. Soc. Bot. France Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze var. obovata C.V. Morton =
109: 31. 1962; Gesneria ventricosa Sw. var. obovata Urb., Symb. Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze subsp. viridiflora
Antill. 2: 372. 1901. **Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze subsp. quisqueyana (Alain)
Gesneria ventricosa Sw. f. ovata (Urb.) Stehlé, Bull. Soc. Bot. France L.E. Skog, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 29: 140. 1976; Gesneria
109: 31. 1962; Gesneria ventricosa Sw. var. ovata Urb., Symb. quisqueyana Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 147. 1971;
Antill. 2: 373. 1901. Gesneria sintenisii Urb. subsp. quisqueyana (Alain) Borhidi, Acta
Pentaraphia florida Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 6: 106. 1846. Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 35. 1979.
Pentaraphia swartzii Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 6: 103. 1846. Gesneria sylvicola Alain, Phytologia 25: 276. 1973.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Jamaica, Virgin Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Islands (St. Croix), and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, References: 7, 148, 156.
Kitts, St. Lucia). **Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze subsp. sintenisii (Urb.) L.E.
Common Names: Gueule-de-loup montagne, Wild frangipani (Lesser Skog, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 29: 142. 1976; Gesneria sintenisii
Antilles). Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 375. 1901; Duchartrea sintenisii (Urb.)
References: 1, 5, 30, 148. Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin
Islands 6: 206. 1925.
**Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp. cymosa L.E. Skog, Smithsonian Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Contr. Bot. 29: 74. 1976; Gesneria cymosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: References: 58, 61, 148, 151.
372. 1901.
Pentaraphia longiflora sensu Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1893: 267. **Gesneria wrightii Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 373. 1901.
1893, non Lindl. Pentaraphia triflora Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 199. 1866.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
number 9 8 • 361
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Nautilocalyx melittifolius (L.) Wiehler var. guadalupensis (DC.) Fournet
Cuba (39). = Nautilocalyx melittifolius (L.) Wiehler
Gesneria yamuriensis Britton & P. Wilson = Gesneria purpurascens Urb. Niphaea domingensis Urb. & Ekman = Phinaea pulchella (Griseb.) C.V.
Morton var. domingensis (Urb. & Ekman) C.V. Morton
Gesneria zeziana Kitan. = Gesneria duchartreoides (C. Wright) Urb.
Niphaea pulchella Griseb. = Phinaea pulchella (Griseb.) C.V. Morton
Gloxinia calycina (Sw.) Hort. ex Steud. = Gesneria calycina Sw.
var. pulchella
Gloxinia lindleyi Steud. = Gesneria calycina Sw.
Ophianthe libanensis (Linden ex C. Morren) Hanst. = Gesneria
Gloxinia perennis (L.) Fritsch in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. libanensis Linden ex C. Morren
Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 174. 1894; Martynia perennis L., Sp. Pl. 618.
Ortholoma ambiguum (Urb.) Wiehler = Columnea ambigua (Urb.) B.D.
1753.
Morley
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and
Lesser Antilles; native to Central America and South America. Ortholoma domingense (Urb.) Wiehler = Columnea domingensis (Urb.)
Common Names: Begonia, Begonia de México (Dominican Republic), B.D. Morley
Gloxinia (Puerto Rico). Ortholoma pubescens (Griseb.) Wiehler = Columnea pubescens
References: 2, 7, 123, 131, 148, 159. (Griseb.) Kuntze
Gloxinia speciosa Lodd. = Sinningia speciosa (Lodd.) Hiern Ortholoma repens (Hook.) Wiehler = Columnea repens (Hook.) Hanst.
Glycanthes scandens (L.) Raf. = Columnea scandens L. Pentaraphia acaulis (L.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Fawc. = Gesneria acaulis
Heppiella corymbosa (Sw.) Urb. = Pheidonocarpa corymbosa (Sw.) L.E. L. var. acaulis
Skog subsp. corymbosa Pentaraphia albiflora Decne. = Gesneria pedunculosa (DC.) Fritsch
Heppiella cubensis C.V. Morton = Pheidonocarpa corymbosa (Sw.) L.E. Pentaraphia calycina (Sw.) Hanst. = Gesneria calycina Sw.
Skog subsp. cubensis (C.V. Morton) L.E. Skog
Pentaraphia calycosa (Hook.) Decne. = Gesneria calycosa (Hook.)
Heppiella rupincola C. Wright ex Sauvalle, nom. nud. = Gesneria Kuntze
rupincola Urb.
Pentaraphia catalpiflora Decne. = Gesneria exserta Sw.
Herincquia floribunda (Lem.) Decne. ex Hérincq = Gesneria libanensis
Linden ex C. Morren Pentaraphia celsioides (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Gesneria humilis L.
Kohleria amabilis (Planch. & Linden) Fritsch, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 413. Pentaraphia clandestina (Griseb.) Fawc. = Gesneria clandestina
1913; Tydaea amabilis Planch. & Linden in J.J. Linden, Cat. Pl. (Griseb.) Urb.
Exot. 11: 4. 1856. Pentaraphia corrugata (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Gesneria libanensis
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to South Linden ex C. Morren
America.
Pentaraphia corymbosa (Sw.) Hanst. = Pheidonocarpa corymbosa (Sw.)
Common Names: Begonia (Dominican Republic), Begonia caraqueña
L.E. Skog subsp. corymbosa
(Puerto Rico).
References: 7, 123, 131, 159. Pentaraphia craniolaria (Sw.) Decne. = Gesneria fruticosa (L.) Kuntze
Kohleria hirsuta (Kunth) Regel, Flora 31: 250. 1848; Gesneria hirsuta Pentaraphia cubensis Decne. = Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill. var.
Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. cubensis
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 394. 1818. Pentaraphia cuneifolia (DC.) Hanst. = Gesneria cuneifolia (DC.) Fritsch
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to South America.
Common Name: Begonia (Dominican Republic). Pentaraphia depressa (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Gesneria shaferi Urb.
References: 7, 123. subsp. depressa (Griseb.) L.E. Skog
Lophia phoenicea Desv. ex Ham. = Crantzia cristata (L.) Scop. ex Fritsch Pentaraphia duchartreoides C. Wright = Gesneria duchartreoides
(C. Wright) Urb.
Nautilocalyx melittifolius (L.) Wiehler, Phytologia 27: 307. 1973;
Besleria melittifolia L., Sp. Pl. 619. 1753; Alloplectus melittifolius Pentaraphia exserta (Sw.) Decne. = Gesneria exserta Sw.
(L.) Mart. ex Loudon, Encycl. Pl. (new ed.) 1402. 1855; Episcia Pentaraphia ferruginea C. Wright = Gesneria salicifolia (Griseb.) Urb.
melittifolia (L.) Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 42. 1829; Skiophila var. ferruginea (C. Wright) L.E. Skog
melittifolia (L.) Hanst., Linnaea 26: 207, 215. 1854; Chrysothemis
Pentaraphia floribunda (Lem.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Carriere =
melittifolia (L.) Leeuwenberg, Acta. Bot. Neerl. 7: 408. 1956.
Gesneria libanensis Linden ex C. Morren
Besleria guadalupensis DC., Prodr. 7(2): 538. 1839; Episcia
guadalupensis (DC.) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 345. 1865; Episcia Pentaraphia florida Decne. = Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp. ventricosa
melittifolia (L.) Mart. var. guadalupensis (DC.) Urb., Symb. Pentaraphia glandulosa Griseb. = Gesneria glandulosa (Griseb.) Urb.
Antill. 2: 354. 1901; Nautilocalyx melittifolius (L.) Wiehler var.
guadalupensis (DC.) Fournet, Fl. Illustr. Phan. Guadeloupe & Pentaraphia gloxinioides (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Gesneria gloxinioides
Martinique 1325. 1978. (Griseb.) Urb.
Chrysothemis venosa Decne., Rev. Hort., ser. 3(3), 21: 242. 1849. Pentaraphia herminieri Decne. = Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp.
Gesneria corymbosa Sieber ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 681. ventricosa
1840, nom. nud., non Sw.
Pentaraphia hispida (Benth.) Hanst. = Gesneria acaulis L. var. acaulis
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent) and South Pentaraphia humilis (L.) Hanst. = Gesneria humilis L.
America. Pentaraphia incurva Griseb. = Gesneria binghamii C.V. Morton
Common Name: Herbe à miel (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 31, 148, 151. Pentaraphia lessertiana Decne. = Gesneria exserta Sw.
Pentaraphia libanensis (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Fawc. = Gesneria Gesneria mortonii Wiehler, Baileya 18: 4. 1971.
acaulis L. var. acaulis Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 21, 39, 148, 151, 156.
Pentaraphia libanensis (Linden ex C. Morren) Hanst. = Gesneria
libanensis Linden ex C. Morren
Cuba (39).
Pentaraphia lindleyana Decne. = Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp.
Pheidonocarpa cubensis (C.V. Morton) Borhidi = Pheidonocarpa
ventricosa
corymbosa (Sw.) L.E. Skog subsp. cubensis (C.V. Morton) L.E.
Pentaraphia longiflora Lindl. = Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp. Skog
ventricosa
Phinaea pulchella (Griseb.) C.V. Morton, Brittonia 9: 22. 1957, var.
Pentaraphia longiflora Lindl. var. lindleyana (Decne.) Duss. = Gesneria pulchella; Niphaea pulchella Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 198. 1866.
ventricosa Sw. subsp. ventricosa Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Pentaraphia longiflora sensu O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins, non Lindl. = References: 3, 39, 148.
Gesneria pedunculosa (DC.) Fritsch Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Pentaraphia longiflora sensu Rolfe, non Lindl. = Gesneria ventricosa
Sw. subsp. cymosa L.E. Skog Phinaea pulchella (Griseb.) C.V. Morton var. domingensis (Urb. &
Ekman) C.V. Morton, Brittonia 9: 22. 1957; Niphaea domingensis
Pentaraphia mimuloides (Griseb.) Fawc. = Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp. Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 72. 1929; Phinaea pulchella
mimuloides (Griseb.) L.E. Skog (Griseb.) C.V. Morton subsp. domingensis (Urb. & Ekman)
Pentaraphia montana Decne. = Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp. Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 27. 1975.
ventricosa Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Pentaraphia neglecta (Hook.) Hanst. = Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp.
neglecta (Hook.) L.E. Skog Phinaea pulchella (Griseb.) C.V. Morton subsp. domingensis (Urb. &
Ekman) Borhidi = Phinaea pulchella (Griseb.) C.V. Morton var.
Pentaraphia parviflora Decne. = Gesneria exserta Sw.
domingensis (Urb. & Ekman) C.V. Morton
Pentaraphia pedunculosa (DC.) Decne. = Gesneria pedunculosa (DC.)
Prionoplectus cristatus (L.) Oerst. = Crantzia cristata (L.) Scop. ex Fritsch
Fritsch
Pterygoloma cristatum Griseb. = Columnea grisebachiana Kuntze
Pentaraphia pumila (Sw.) Hanst. = Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp. pumila
Pterygoloma pubescens Griseb. = Columnea pubescens (Griseb.) Kuntze
Pentaraphia reticulata (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Gesneria reticulata
(Griseb.) Urb. Pterygoloma repens (Hook.) Hanst. = Columnea repens (Hook.) Hanst.
Pentaraphia reticulata (Griseb.) M. Gómez var. ovata (Griseb.) M. **Rhytidophyllum acunae C.V. Morton, Brittonia 9: 23. 1957.
Gómez = Gesneria reticulata (Griseb.) Urb. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Pentaraphia salicifolia Griseb. = Gesneria salicifolia (Griseb.) Urb. var.
salicifolia **Rhytidophyllum asperum Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21:
148. 1971.
Pentaraphia scabra (Sw.) Hanst. = Gesneria scabra Sw. var. scabra
Pentaraphia sloanei (DC.) Hanst. = Gesneria acaulis L. var. acaulis References: 7, 14, 148, 156.
Pentaraphia swartzii Decne. = Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp. ventricosa **Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook., Bot. Mag. 64: t. 3562. 1837;
Pentaraphia tenera (Oerst.) Hanst. = Gesneria pumila Sw. subsp. Gesneria auriculata (Hook.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891.
pumila Gesneria grandis sensu Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 838. 1825, non Sw.
Gesneria plumierana (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891;
Pentaraphia triflora Griseb. = Gesneria wrightii Urb. Rhytidophyllum plumieranum DC., Prodr. 7(2): 524. 1839;
Pentaraphia ventricosa (Sw.) Hanst. = Gesneria ventricosa Sw. subsp. Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook. var. plumerianum (DC.) Urb.,
ventricosa Symb. Antill. 2: 385. 1901.
Gesneria tomentosa L., Sp. Pl. 612. 1753, in part.
Pentaraphia verrucosa Decne. = Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill. var.
Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook. var. angustatum Urb., Symb.
cubensis
Antill. 2: 385. 1901.
Pentaraphia viridiflora (Decne.) Hanst. = Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook. var. genuinum Urb., Symb. Antill.
Kuntze subsp. viridiflora 2: 384. 1901, nom. invalid.
*Pheidonocarpa corymbosa (Sw.) L.E. Skog, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook. var. stipulare (Urb.) Urb., Symb.
29: 42. 1976, subsp. corymbosa; Gesneria corymbosa Sw., Prodr. Antill. 2: 384. 1901; Rhytidophyllum stipulare Urb., Estud. Fl.
89. 1788; Heppiella corymbosa (Sw.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 368. Puerto Rico 6: 260. 1888.
1901; Pentaraphia corymbosa (Sw.) Hanst., Linnaea 34: 307. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
1865. Puerto Rico.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Common Names: Hoja de chalina (Dominican Republic), Maman
References: 2, 21. guêpes (Haiti), Tabacón, Tibey amarillo (Puerto Rico).
References: 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 148.
*Pheidonocarpa corymbosa (Sw.) L.E. Skog subsp. cubensis (C.V.
Morton) L.E. Skog, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 29: 43. 1976; Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook. var. angustatum Urb. =
Heppiella cubensis C.V. Morton, Brittonia 9: 21. 1957; Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook.
Pheidonocarpa cubensis (C.V. Morton) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook. var. genuinum Urb. =
Sci. Hung. 25: 31. 1979. Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook.
number 9 8 • 363
Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook. var. plumerianum Urb. = **Rhytidophyllum grande (Sw.) Mart. var. laevigatum C.D. Adams,
Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook. Phytologia 21: 71. 1971.
Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook. var. stipulare Urb. =
Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook.
**Rhytidophyllum grandiflorum Xu & L.E. Skog ex Zanoni, &
**Rhytidophyllum berteroanum Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 39. 1829;
Jiménez Rodr., Moscosoa, 17: 14. 2011, var. grandiflorum
Gesneria berteroana (Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891.
Gesneria scabra sensu Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 838. 1825, non Sw.
Reference: 149.
References: 5, 7, 148. **Rhytidophyllum grandiflorum Xu & L.E. Skog ex Zanoni, &
Jiménez Rodr. var. nuecense Zanoni, & Jiménez Rodr., Moscosoa,
**Rhytidophyllum bicolor Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 56. 1921.
17: 18. 2011.
Reference: 149.
**Rhytidophyllum caribaeum Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 386. 1901.
Rhytidophyllum intermedium Urb. & Ekman = Rhytidophyllum minus
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Grenada).
Urb.
References: 1, 30.
**Rhytidophyllum lanatum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 77.
**Rhytidophyllum coccineum Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 385. 1901.
1929.
**Rhytidophyllum crenulatum DC., Prodr. 7(2): 524. 1839; Gesneria
**Rhytidophyllum leucomallon Hanst., Linnaea 34: 312. 1865;
crenulata A. DC. ex DC., Prodr. 7(2): 524. 1839, in syn.
Gesneria leucomalla (Hanst.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473.
Gesneria tomentosa sensu Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 179. 1763,
1891.
non L.
Gesneria grandis Fisch. ex Hanst., Linnaea 34: 313. 1865, nom. nud.
pro syn.
Common Name: Boca de león (Cuba).
Rhytidophyllum leucomallon Hanst. var. carneum Urb. & Ekman, Ark.
Bot. 22A(10): 77. 1929.
**Rhytidophyllum daisyanum Jiménez Rodr. & Zanoni, Moscosoa 17: Rhytidophyllum leucomallon Hanst. var. flavicans Urb. & Ekman, Ark.
6. 2011. Bot. 22A(10): 77. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Reference: 149. Common Name: Tabacón (Dominican Republic).
Rhytidophyllum earlei (Urb. & Britton) C.V. Morton = Gesneria earlei References: 5, 7, 123, 148.
Urb. & Britton Rhytidophyllum leucomallon Hanst. var. carneum Urb. & Ekman =
**Rhytidophyllum exsertum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 198. 1866. Rhytidophyllum leucomallon Hanst.
Rhytidophyllum exsertum Griseb. subsp. villosulum (Urb.) Borhidi, Rhytidophyllum leucomallon Hanst. var. flavicans Urb. & Ekman =
Bot. Közlem. 62: 27. 1975; Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Rhytidophyllum leucomallon Hanst.
Mart. var. nudum Urb. f. villosulum Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 388.
Rhytidophyllum lomense (Urb.) C.V. Morton = Gesneria lomensis Urb.
1901; Rhytidophyllum villosulum (Urb.) C.V. Morton, Brittonia
9: 23. 1957. **Rhytidophyllum minus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 71.
Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Mart. var. nudum Urb. f. viscida 1925.
Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 388. 1901. Rhytidophyllum intermedium Urb. & Ekman, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Veg. 22: 371. 1926.
Rhytidophyllum exsertum Griseb. subsp. villosulum (Urb.) Borhidi =
Rhytidophyllum exsertum Griseb. **Rhytidophyllum x mogoticola Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad.
Sci. Hung. 18: 41. 1973.
Rhytidophyllum exsertum Griseb. subsp. wrightianum (Griseb.) Borhidi
= Rhytidophyllum wrightianum Griseb.
Reference: 148.
Rhytidophyllum floribundum Lem. = Gesneria libanensis Linden ex
**Rhytidophyllum petiolare DC., Prodr. 7(2): 524. 1839; Gesneria
C. Morren
petiolaris (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 473. 1891.
Rhytidophyllum grande Linden ex Hanst., nom. nud. pro syn., non Gesneria tomentosa Moc. ex DC., Prodr. 7(2): 528. 1839, nom. nud.
Mart. = Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Mart. pro syn.
**Rhytidophyllum grande (Sw.) Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 39. 1829, Gesneria tomentosa sensu Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 838. 1825,
var. grande; Gesneria grandis Sw., Prodr. 89. 1788. non L.
Rhytidophyllum grande (Sw.) Mart. var. phaeanthum Urb., Symb. Rhytidophyllum tomentosum Hort. ex Hanst., Linnaea 34: 310. 1865.
Antill. 2: 384. 1901. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Hispaniola.
Common Name: Cow’s tongue (Jamaica). Common Name: Boca de león de paredón de flor rosada (Cuba).
Rhytidophyllum grande (Sw.) Mart. var. phaeanthum Urb. = Rhytidophyllum petiolare sensu Griseb., non DC. = Gesneria rupincola
Rhytidophyllum grande (Sw.) Mart. var. grande Urb.
Rhytidophyllum plumerianum DC. = Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Sinningia calycina (Sw.) Hort. ex G. Don = Gesneria calycina Sw.
Hook. Sinningia speciosa (Lodd.) Hiern, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist.
**Rhytidophyllum rhodocalyx Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1877: 91. 1878; Gloxinia speciosa Lodd., Bot.
72. 1925. Cab. 1: t. 28. 1817.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Margarita, and
References: 3, 148. Mexico; native to South America.
Common Name: Begonia de México (Dominican Republic), Gloxinia,
Rhytidophyllum rupincola (Urb.) C.V. Morton = Gesneria rupincola
Garden gloxinia (Puerto Rico).
Urb.
References: 7, 123, 131, 148, 323.
Rhytidophyllum stipulare Urb. = Rhytidophyllum auriculatum Hook.
Skiophila melittifolia (L.) Hanst. = Nautilocalyx melittifolius (L.)
Rhytidophyllum tomentosum Hort. ex Hanst. = Rhytidophyllum Wiehler
petiolare DC.
Skiophila pulchella (Donn ex Sims) Hanst. = Chrysothemis pulchella
**Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 39. (Donn ex Sims ) Decne.
1829; Gesneria tomentosa L., Sp. Pl. 612. 1753, in part, excl. syn.
Trichantha ambigua (Urb.) Wiehler = Columnea ambigua (Urb.) B.D.
Codonophora lanceolata Lindl., Bot. Reg. 13: t. 1110. 1827, nom. illeg.
Morley
Gesneria grandis sensu Rich., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 37: t. 77. 1825,
non Sw. Trichantha domingensis (Urb.) Wiehler = Columnea domingensis (Urb.)
Gesneria humilis sensu L., 1763, Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 850. 1763, in part. B.D. Morely
Rhytidophyllum grande Linden ex Hanst, Linnaea 34: 311. 1865, nom. Trichantha pubescens (Griseb.) Wiehler = Columnea pubescens
nud. pro syn., non Mart. (Griseb.) Kuntze
Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Mart. var. appendiculatum Urb.,
Symb. Antill. 2: 388. 1901. Tussacia pulchella (Donn ex Sims) Rchb. ex Walp. = Chrysothemis
Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Mart. var. nudum Urb., Symb. Antill. pulchella (Donn ex Sims ) Decne.
2: 388. 1901. Tydaea amabilis Planch. & Linden = Kohleria amabilis (Planch. &
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. Linden) Fritsch
Common Name: Boca de león de paredón, Salvilla (Cuba), Search-me-
Vaupellia calycina (Sw.) Griseb. = Gesneria calycina Sw.
heart (Jamaica).
References: 2, 132, 148. Vireya sanguinolenta Raf. = Columnea sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst.
Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Mart. var. appendiculatum Urb. =
Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Mart.
Goodeniaceae
Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Mart. var. nudum Urb. =
Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Mart. Genera. Total: 1; native1; endemic: 0.
Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Mart. var. nudum Urb. f. villosulum Taxa. Total: 4; native: 2; endemic: 1.
Urb. = Rhytidophyllum exsertum Griseb.
Scaevola lobelia Murray = Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl
Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Mart. var. nudum Urb. f. viscida Urb.
Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 36. 1791; Lobelia plumieri
= Rhytidophyllum exsertum Griseb.
L., Sp. Pl. 929. 1753.
**Rhytidophyllum vernicosum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 78. Scaevola lobelia Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 13 (Engl. trans.), 178. 1774.
1929; Gesneria vernicosa (Urb. & Ekman) Wiehler, Selbyana 6: Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
48. 1983. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. St. John, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Common Name: Salvia de monte (Dominican Republic). Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St.
References: 5, 7, 123, 148. Martin), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Rhytidophyllum villosulum (Urb.) C.V. Morton = Rhytidophyllum Common Names: Black soap, Inkberry, Mad moll (Bahamas), Bosborín
exsertum Griseb. (Cuba), Epinard la mer (Haiti), Cerise bord de mer, Gull feed,
Prune bord de mer (Lesser Antilles), Borbón, Coralillo (Puerto
**Rhytidophyllum wrightianum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 198. 1866; Rico).
Rhytidophyllum wrightii Griseb. ex C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 61, 75, 123, 131, 136, 151, 323.
Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 6: 316. 1870; Rhytidophyllum
exsertum Griseb. subsp. wrightianum (Griseb.) Borhidi, Bot. Scaevola sericea Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 37. 1791.
Közlem. 62: 27. 1975. Distribution: Exotic and spreading in Cayman Islands, Puerto Rico,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua).
Rhytidophyllum wrightii Griseb. ex C. Wright = Rhytidophyllum Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 146. 1824; Lobelia
wrightianum Griseb. taccada Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 119. 1788.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix).
Saintpaulia ionantha H. Wendl., Gartenflora 42(11): 321. 1893. References: 45, 230.
Margarita; native to Africa. Scaevola wrightii (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19:
Common Name: Violeta africana (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto 266. 1890.
Rico), African violet (Jamaica). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 7, 123, 131, 132, 148, 323. Reference: 136.
number 9 8 • 365
Haemodoraceae Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., Prelim.

Cat. 19. 1888.
Genera. Total: 2; native2; endemic: 0. Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America; exotic in Jamaica.
Taxa. Total: 3; native: 3; endemic: 1. References: 2, 3, 39, 151, 183.
Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy, J. Bot. 70: 329. 1932. Cuba (39).
Lachnanthes tinctoria (Walter ex J.F. Gmel.) Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Myriophyllum sparsiflorum C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad.
Carolina 1(1): 47. 1816. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 409. 1869.
Lachnanthes tinctoria (Walter ex J.F. Gmel.) Elliott var. major Griseb., Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cat. Pl. Cub. 252. 1866. References: 3, 39, 183.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Lachnanthes tinctoria (Walter ex J.F. Gmel.) Elliott = Lachnanthes Myriophyllum verticillatum L., Sp. Pl. 992. 1753.
caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and North America.
Lachnanthes tinctoria (Walter ex J.F. Gmel.) Elliott var. major Griseb. = Reference: 486.
Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy Proserpinaca palustris L., Sp. Pl. 88. 1753.
Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 33. 1775. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, North America,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles Mexico, and Central America.
(Dominica, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Vincent), Common Name: Southern mermaid-weed (Bahamas).
Mexico, Central America, and South America; apparently References: 2, 3, 45, 151, 183.
introduced and naturalized in Puerto Rico; cultivated in the Virgin Proserpinaca pectinata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 214. 1792.
Islands. Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, and Central America.
Common Names: Tejedora, Cola de paloma, Manito, Mano de estrada References: 3, 39, 183.
palma, Espadilla (Cuba), Cola de paloma (Dominican Republic), Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cola de paloma, Mano poderosa (Puerto Rico). Cuba (39).
References: 1, 2, 3, 28, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 182.
Xiphidium xanthorrhizon C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 252.
1866. Heliconiaceae
Common Name: Lis (Cuba). Genera. Total: 1; native1; endemic: 0.
References: 3, 132, 147, 182. Taxa. Total: 10; native: 2; endemic: 1.
Bihai bihai (L.) Griggs = Heliconia bihai (L.) L.

Haloragaceae Bihai bihai sensu Britton = Heliconia caribaea Lam.
Bihai borinquena (Griggs) Griggs = Heliconia caribaea Lam.
Genera. Total: 2; native 2; endemic: 0.
Taxa. Total: 9; native: 7; endemic: 1. Bihai borinquena (Griggs) Griggs var. coccinea Griggs & Harris =
Heliconia caribaea Lam.
Enydria aquatica Vell. = Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.
Bihai harrisiana Griggs = Heliconia hirsuta L. f.
Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc., Kew Bull. 28: 36. 1973;
Heliconia bihai (L.) L., Mant. Pl. 2: 211. 1771; Musa bihai L., Sp. Pl.
Enydria aquatica Vell., Fl. Flumin. 57. 1829 [“1825”].
1043. 1753; Bihai bihai (L.) Griggs, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31:
Myriophyllum brasiliense Cambess. in A. Saint-Hilaire, Fl. Bras. Merid.
445. 1904,
(quarto ed.) 2: 182. 1830.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Lesser Antilles (Dominica).
(Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba,
References: 1, 7.
St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and South America.
Myriophyllum brasiliense Cambess. = Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Common Names: Plátano silvestre, Plátano cimarrón (Dominican
Verdc. Republic), Banane marron, Banane sauvage, Bananier barron,
Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 191. 1803. Bananier marron (Haiti), Balisier, Wild plantain (Lesser Antilles).
Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America. References: 1, 5, 28, 123, 147, 323, 485.
Reference: 3. Heliconia borinquena Griggs = Heliconia caribaea Lam.
Myriophyllum hippuroides Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: Heliconia caribaea Lam., Encycl. 1: 426. 1785.
530. 1840. Bihai bihai sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba. Islands 6: 237. 1925, non Musa bihai L.
Reference: 254. Bihai borinquena (Griggs) Griggs, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 445.
Myriophyllum laxum Shuttlew. ex Chapm., Fl. South. U.S., ed. 2, 143. 1904.
1883. Bihai borinquena (Griggs) Griggs var. coccinea Griggs & Harris, Bull.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, and Central America. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 324. 1915.
References: 3, 39, 183. Heliconia borinquena Griggs, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 658. 1903.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Heliconia luteofusca Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 25. 1797.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), and Lesser
Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora
Montserrat, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Vincent). of Cuba (39) and critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Common Names: Platanillo, Plátano cimarrón, Plátano silvestre Threatened Species.
(Cuba), Wild plantain (Jamaica), Balisier (Lesser Antilles), Hernandia jamaicensis Britton & Harris, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35:
Botecitos, Guineo cimarrón, Guineo silvestre, Pámpano, Plátano 338. 1908.
de indio (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 1, 2, 3, 28, 61, 131, 132, 147, 485. Common Names: Pumpkin wood, Suck axe (Jamaica).
Heliconia hirsuta L. f., Suppl. Pl. 158. 1782 [“1781”]. References: 2, 427.
Bihai harrisiana Griggs, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 328. 1915. Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica and Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent); native Species.
to Trinidad, Central America, and South America. Hernandia obovata O.C. Schmidt, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27:
References: 1, 147. 164. 1929.
Heliconia latispatha Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 170. 1846. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Distribution: Cultivated in Jamaica and Puerto Rico. Reference: 7.
References: 1, 147, 254. Hernandia sonora L., Sp. Pl. 981. 1753.
Heliconia luteofusca Jacq. = Heliconia caribaea Lam. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
(Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Vincent),
Heliconia marginata Pittier, Man. Pl. Usual. Venez. 299. 1926.
Central America, South America, and Old World.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent).
Common Names: Tinajita (Cuba), Bombo, Magá (Dominican
References: 1, 147.
Republic), Guamiey (Haiti), Jack-in-the-box, Mirobolan,
Heliconia psittacorum L. f., Suppl. Pl. 158. 1782 [“1781”]. Mirobolan bâtard (Lesser Antilles), Mago, Toporite (Puerto Rico).
Heliconia swartziana Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 591. 1819. References: 1, 3, 6, 7, 58, 131, 224.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
(St. Thomas), and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Kitts, St. Lucia).
Common Name: Gallito (Dominican Republic). HydrANGEAceae
References: 1, 2, 28, 123, 147, 323.
Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 3: 71. 1802. Genera. Total: 1; native 0; endemic: 0.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico. Taxa. Total: 1; native: 0; endemic: 0.
Reference: 28.
Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 4: 15.
Heliconia stricta Huber, Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 4: 543. 1830; Viburnum macrophyllum Thunb., Fl. Jap. 125. 1784.
1906. Distribution: Cultivated throughout the West Indies.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and Puerto Rico. Common Names: Hortensia (Cuba, Dominican Republic), Bella
Common Names: Ave del paraíso, Barco de caridad (Cuba). hortensia, Hortensia (Puerto Rico), Hydrangea (Virgin Islands).
Heliconia subulata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 3: 70. 1802.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico.
References: 28, 147. Hydrocharitaceae
Heliconia swartziana Roem. & Schult. = Heliconia psittacorum L. f. Genera. Total: 8; native: 5; endemic: 0.
Heliconia wagneriana Petersen in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(3): 13. Taxa. Total: 17; native: 12; endemic: 0.
1896.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia). Caulinia guadalupensis Spreng. = Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.)
Reference: 223. Magnus
Musa bihai L. = Heliconia bihai (L.) L. Egeria densa Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 11: 80. 1849; Elodea
densa (Planch.) Casp., Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.
Berlin 1857: 49. 1857.
Hernandiaceae Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (St.
Lucia), North America, Mexico, Central America, and Old World;
Genera. Total: 1; native1; endemic: 0. native to South America.
Taxa. Total: 5; native: 5; endemic: 4. References: 2, 28, 147, 223, 252, 488.
Elodea canadensis Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 20. 1803.
Hernandia catalpifolia Britton & Harris, Torreya 11: 174. 1911. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica and Puerto Rico.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Common Names: Canadian pondweed (Jamaica), Elodea, Tomillo de
Common Names: Water mahoe, Water wood (Jamaica). agua (Puerto Rico).
Species. Elodea densa (Planch.) Casp. = Egeria densa Planch.
Hernandia cubensis Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 188. 1860. Halophila aschersonii Ostenf. = Halophila baillonis Asch. ex Dickie
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Halophila baillonis Asch. ex Dickie, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 317. 1874.
References: 3, 39, 427. Halophila aschersonii Ostenf., Bot. Tidsskr. 24: 239. 1902.
number 9 8 • 367
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Limnobium spongia (Bosc.) Steud. subsp. laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl.
Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), ex Willd.) Lowden = Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex
Curaçao, Trinidad, Central America, and South America. Willd.) Heine
References: 28, 40, 147, 150, 301, 427. Limnobium stoloniferum (G. Mey.) Griseb. = Limnobium laevigatum
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine
Species.
Najas arguta Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland &
Halophila baillonis sensu León = Halophila decipiens Ostenf. C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 371. 1816.
Halophila baillonis sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Halophila decipiens Distribution: Native to Cuba, Central America, and South America.
Ostenf. References: 39, 147, 186.
Halophila decipiens Ostenf., Bot. Tidsskr. 24: 260. 1901.
Cuba (39).
Halophila decipiens Ostenf. var. pubescens Hartog, Bot. Tidsskr. 24.
260. 1902. Najas conferta (A. Braun) A. Braun, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde
Halophila baillonis sensu León, Fl. Cuba. 1: 83. 1946, non Asch. ex Berlin 1868: 17. 1868.
Dickie Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, North America, and Mexico.
Halophila baillonis sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & References: 39, 147, 186.
Virgin Islands 5: 16. 1923., non Asch. ex Dickie Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Cuba (39).
(St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus, Beitr. Kenntn. Najas 8. 1870;
Martinique, St. Vincent), Curaçao, North America, Mexico, Caulinia guadalupensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 20. 1824
Central America, South America, and Old World. [“1825”].
References: 1, 2, 28, 61, 147, 488. Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus var. curassavica (A. Braun) Urb.,
Halophila decipiens Ostenf. var. pubescens Hartog = Halophila Symb. Antill. 4: 74. 1903.
decipiens Ostenf. Najas major sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 115. 1883,
non All.
Halophila engelmannii Asch., Anl. Wiss. Beobacht. Reisen 368. 1875.
Najas microdon A. Braun, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico,
1868: 17. 1868.
and Mexico.
Najas urbaniana O.C. Schmidt, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 99.
References: 3, 28, 40, 45, 147, 150, 427, 488.
1925.
Species.
Rico, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe), Aruba, Curaçao,
Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f., Fl. Tasman. 2: 45. 1858. North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Recently collected in Lesser Antilles (Antigua); otherwise Common Names: Common water-nymph (Bahamas), Lino de agua
known from the Indo-Pacifi region. (Cuba).
References: 637. References: 1, 2, 28, 37, 45, 61, 132, 156, 186.
Halophila stipulacea (Forssk.) Asch., Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus var. curassavica (A. Braun) Urb.
Berlin 3. 1867. = Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Grenada).
Najas major sensu Bello = Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus
References: 638.
Najas marina L., Sp. Pl. 1015. 1753.
Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. t. 376. 1839.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, Aruba, North America, Mexico,
Rico, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe), Aruba,
and Central America.
Common Name: Holly-leaved water-nymph (Bahamas).
Hydromystria laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Hunz. = References: 1, 2, 28, 45, 147, 186.
Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine
Najas microdon A. Braun = Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus
Hydromystria stolonifera G. Mey. = Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. &
Najas urbaniana O.C. Schmidt = Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.)
Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine
Magnus
Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine, Adansonia
Najas wrightiana A. Braun, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin
ser. 2, 8: 315. 1968; Salvinia laevigata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.,
1868: 17. 1868.
Sp. Pl. 5: 537. 1810; Hydromystria laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Mexico, and Central America.
Willd.) Hunz., Lorentzia 4: 5. 1981; Limnobium spongia (Bosc.)
References: 39, 45, 147, 150, 186.
Steud. subsp. laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Lowden,
Rhodora 94: 129. 1992.
Cuba (39).
Hydromystria stolonifera G. Mey. in E. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 153.
1818; Limnobium stoloniferum (G. Mey.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. Salvinia laevigata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = Limnobium laevigatum
506. 1862. (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Thalassia testudinum K.D. Koenig, Ann. Bot. (Koenig & Sims) 2: 96.
(Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia), 1805.
Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Common Name: Cuchara (Puerto Rico). Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost
References: 1, 28, 131, 147, 301, 488. van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Hypericum constanzae Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 285. 1912.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Lucia, St. Martin), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, References: 5, 7, 30.
Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Hypericum cubense Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1):
Common Names: Turtle-grass (Bahamas), Ceibadal, Hierba de ceibadal, 384. 1858.
Seibadal, Yerba de manatí (Cuba), Turtle-grass (Jamaica), Turtle Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
grass (Lesser Antilles), Palma de mar (Puerto Rico), Turtle-grass References: 3, 152.
(Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 19, 28, 30, 45, 147, 288, 488. Hypericum dichotomum Lam., Encycl. 4: 167. 1797.
Vallisneria americana Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 220. 1803. References: 7, 311.
Vallisneria neotropicalis Vict., Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 46: 34.
1943. Hypericum diosmoides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 40. 1866.
Vallisneria spiralis sensu Sauvalle, Fl. Cubana 155. 1873, non L. Hypericum portoricense Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 60. 1891.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, North America, Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Mexico, and Central America. and Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Hierba de manatí, Valisneria (Cuba). References: 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 152.
References: 2, 3, 39, 147, 288, 488. Hypericum ekmanii Alain, Phytologia 47: 183. 1980.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Vallisneria neotropicalis Vict. = Vallisneria americana Michx. Hypericum fasciculatum Lam., Encycl. 4: 160. 1797.
Vallisneria spiralis L., Sp. Pl. 1015. 1753. Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola. Common Name: Mazorquilla de costa (Cuba).
Hypericum fuertesii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 523. 1913.
Hydroleaceae References: 5, 7, 30.
Hypericum hecatophyllum C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Genera. Total: 1; native1; endemic: 0.
Méd. Habana 5: 203. 1868.
Hydrolea cubana (P. Wilson) Alain = Nama cubana P. Wilson Reference: 3.
(Boraginaceae) Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 520. 1766;
Hydrolea jamaicensis (L.) Raeusch. = Nama jamaicense L. Ascyrum hypericoides L., Sp. Pl. 787. 1753.
(Boraginaceae) Ascyrum macrosepalum S. Br., J. New York Bot. Gard. 13: 192. 1913.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, North
Hydrolea nigricaulis C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 207. 1866. America, Mexico, and Central America.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. Common Names: St. Andrew’s cross (Bahamas), Cargador (Dominican
References: 2, 3. Republic), Arrayanillo, Cruz de San Andrés (Puerto Rico).
Hydrolea spinosa L., Sp. Pl. 328. 1753. References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 150, 151, 152, 156, 340.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, St. Hypericum incurvum Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 405. 1925.
Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Hypericum limosum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 39. 1866.
HYPERICACEAE Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 3.
Genera. Total: 1; native1; endemic: 0. Hypericum millefolium Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 79. 1926.
Taxa. Total: 24; native: 23; endemic: 20. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 5, 7.
Ascyrum cubense Griseb. = Hypericum tetrapetalum Lam.
Hypericum mutilum L., Sp. Pl. 787. 1753.
Ascyrum hypericoides L. = Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, Mexico, and South
Ascyrum macrosepalum S. Br. = Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz America.
References: 7, 151.
Ascyrum tetrapetalum (Lam.) Vail = Hypericum tetrapetalum Lam.
Hypericum nitidum Lam., Encycl. 4: 160. 1797.
Hypericum arenarioides A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba,
Pl. Vasc. 238. 1845.
Reference: 3.
Common Name: Mazorquilla de costa (Cuba). Hypericum ophiticola Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 83. 1920.
References: 3, 156.
Hypericum christii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 283. 1912.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Hypericum perforatum L., Sp. Pl. 785. 1753.
References: 5, 7, 30. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, and Hispaniola; native to Eurasia and
Africa.
number 9 8 • 369
References: 3, 5, 7, 159, 224. Hypoxis scorzonerifolia sensu Bello = Hypoxis decumbens L.

Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Hypoxis wrightii (Baker) Brackett, Rhodora 25: 140. 1923.
Hypericum polycladum Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 284. 1912. Hypoxis juncea sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 73. 1920, non
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. J.E. Sm.
References: 5, 7, 30. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, North America, and Mexico.
Hypericum portoricense Kuntze = Hypericum diosmoides Griseb.
Common Name: Southern yellow-eyed grass (Bahamas).
Hypericum pycnophyllum Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 523. 1913. References: 2, 3, 28, 45, 147, 496.
Molineria capitulata (Lour.) Herb., Amaryllidaceae: 84. 1837;
Curculigo capitulata (Lour.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 703. 1891.
Hypericum styphelioides A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Molineria hortensis Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto
Pl. Vasc. 237. 1845, subsp. styphelioides Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 161. 1924.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Common Names: Palo verraco, Yerba de verraco (Cuba). (Grenada, Martinique, Saba), Mexico, and Central America;
Reference: 3. native to tropical Asia.
Hypericum styphelioides A. Rich. subsp. clarense Lippold, Wiss. Z. References: 28, 147, 496.
Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 19: 379. Molineria hortensis Britton = Molineria capitulata (Lour.) Herb.
1970.
References: 149, 151, 156. Icacinaceae
Hypericum styphelioides A. Rich. subsp. moense Lippold, Wiss.
Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 19: 379. Genera. Total: 2; native 2; endemic: 0.
1970. Taxa. Total: 6; native: 6; endemic: 5.
Mappia angustifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 119. 1866.
Reference: 149.
Hypericum tetrapetalum Lam., Encycl. 4: 153. 1797; Ascyrum Reference: 3.
tetrapetalum (Lam.) Vail in J.K. Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 785. 1903.
Mappia racemosa Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 22. 1797, var.
Ascyrum cubense Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 40. 1866.
racemosa
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and
References: 3, 152.
Central America.
Common Names: Lámago, Palo de caña (Cuba).
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 39, 58, 151, 427.
Hypoxidaceae
Species.
Mappia racemosa Jacq. subsp. brachycarpa (Griseb.) Borhidi = Mappia
Curculigo capitulata (Lour.) Kuntze = Molineria capitulata (Lour.) Herb. racemosa Jacq. var. brachycarpa Griseb.
Curculigo scorzonerifolia (Lam.) Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 17: 124. 1878. Mappia racemosa Jacq. var. brachycarpa Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 191.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, 1860; Mappia racemosa Jacq. subsp. brachycarpa (Griseb.)
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 185. 1983.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Azafrán cimarrón, Azafrán del país (Cuba), Gorgojo References: 3, 149.
(Puerto Rico).
Ottoschulzia cubensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 7:
References: 1, 2, 5, 28, 131, 147, 496.
273. 1912; Poraqueiba cubensis C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl.
Hypoxis decumbens L., Pl. Jamaic. Pug. 11. 1759. Cub. 119. 1866.
Hypoxis scorzonerifolia sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
585. 1883, non Lam. Common Names: Bellota, Cocote de toro, Frutón, Rayo de sol (Cuba).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin References: 3, 151, 156.
Islands (St. John, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Ottoschulzia domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 274. 1912.
Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Kitts, St.
Lucia, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Name: Zabricot marron (Haiti).
Common Names: Ajo cimarrón, Ajo de puerco (Dominican Republic),
Star of Bethlehem (Jamaica), Petit safran, Star of Bethlehem
(Lesser Antilles), Coquí (Puerto Rico). Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon (Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 274. 1912;
References: 1, 2, 5, 19, 28, 123, 131, 147, 496. Poraqueiba rhodoxylon Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 405. 1908.
Hypoxis domingensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 298. 1924.
Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Cuero de puerco, Palomino (Dominican Republic),
Reference: 147.
Palo de rosa (Puerto Rico).
Hypoxis juncea sensu Britton & Millsp. = Hypoxis wrightii (Baker) References: 7, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 633.
Brackett Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Poraqueiba cubensis C. Wright ex Griseb. = Ottoschulzia cubensis Gladiolus cuspidatus Jacq. = Gladiolus undulatus L.
(C. Wright ex Griseb.) Urb. Gladiolus undulatus L., Mant. Pl. 1: 27. 1767.
Poraqueiba rhodoxylon Urb. = Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon (Urb.) Urb. Gladiolus cuspidatus Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 2: 5. 1795.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica and Puerto Rico.
Iridaceae Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb., Novon 15: 129. 2005.
Belamcanda chinensis (L.) A. DC., Liliac. 3(21): t 121. 1805.
Genera. Total: 10; native 4; endemic: 0. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles,
Taxa. Total: 17; native: 8; endemic: 1. and North America.
Aristea ecklonii Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 112. 1878.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica. Neomarica caerulea (Ker Gawl.) Sprague, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew
References: 2, 147. 1928: 280. 1928.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica.
Aristea gerrardii Weim., Acta Univ. Lund., n.s. 36: 17. 1940.
References: 2, 147.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica.
Common Name: Blue iris (Jamaica). Neomarica northiana (Schneev.) T. Sprague, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew
References: 2, 147. 1928: 280. 1928.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica and Puerto Rico.
Belamcanda chinensis (L.) A. DC. = Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb.
Cipura cubensis C. Wright = Cipura insularis Ravenna
Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Cipura cubensis Griseb. = Cipura paludosa Aubl. Sisyrinchium graminoides E.P. Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 133.
Cipura insularis Ravenna, Onira 1: 42. 1988. 1896.
Cipura cubensis C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and North America.
Habana 8: 51. 1871, nom. illeg. References: 147, 311.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Sisyrinchium arenicola E.P. Bicknell = Sisyrinchium fuscatum E.P.
Reference: 147. Bicknell
Cipura paludosa Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 38. 1775. Sisyrinchium bulbosum Mill. = Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.
Cipura cubensis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 251. 1866.
Sisyrinchium exile E.P. Bicknell = Sisyrinchium rosulatum E.P. Bicknell
and South America. Sisyrinchium fuscatum E.P. Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 226.
Common Name: Mayón (Dominican Republic). 1899.
References: 3, 123, 147, 249. Sisyrinchium arenicola E.P. Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 226.
1899.
Cipura plicata Griseb. = Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.
Sisyrinchium miamiense sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 81. 1920,
Crocosmia x crocosmiflora (Lemoine ex E. Morren) N.E. Br., Trans. non E.P. Bicknell.
Roy. Soc. South Africa 20: 264. 1932; Tritonia x crocosmiflora Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America.
(Lemoine ex Burb. & Dean) G. Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 4: 94. Common Name: Blue-eyed grass (Bahamas).
1887 [as crocosmaeflora]. Reference: 45.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.
Sisyrinchium graminoides E.P. Bicknell = Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill.
Common Names: Flor de avispa (Dominican Republic), Montbreitia,
Montebreitia (Haiti), Montbretia (Jamaica). Sisyrinchium latifolium Sw. = Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.
References: 2, 23, 28, 123, 131, 147. Sisyrinchium miamense E.P. Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 226.
Dietes iridioides (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 497. 1830. 1899.
Dietes vegeta (L.) N.E. Br., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48: 36. 1928. Sisyrinchium recurvatum E.P. Bicknell in J.K. Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 299.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica. 1903.
Reference: 147. Distribution: Native to Cuba and southeastern United States.
References: 147, 254 (Killip 44842).
Dietes vegeta (L.) N.E. Br. = Dietes iridioides (L.) Sweet
Sisyrinchium miamiense sensu Britton & Millsp. = Sisyrinchium
Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 305.
fuscatum E.P. Bicknell
1918; Sisyrinchium bulbosum Mill., Gard. Dict., 8. 1768; Galatea
bulbosa (Mill.) Britton, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 37. 1918. Sisyrinchium micranthum Cav., Diss. 6: 345. 1788.
Cipura plicata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 589. 1864. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America, and
Sisyrinchium latifolium Sw., Prodr. 17. 1788. South America.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, References: 5, 147.
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Sisyrinchium recurvatum E.P. Bicknell = Sisyrinchium miamense E.P.
Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Eustatius, St. Bicknell
Lucia, St. Vincent), and South America.
Common Names: Palmita cubana (Cuba), Cebolla de palma, Gorrai Sisyrinchium rosulatum E.P. Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 228.
(Dominican Republic), Pti-palmiste (Haiti), Alum root (Jamaica), 1899.
Chalotte-bois, Chalotte caraibe, Chalotte-savane, Chance, Sisyrinchium exile E.P. Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 573. 1901.
L’envers-femelle, Red root (Lesser Antilles), Lágrimas de la virgen, Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, North America, and
Mariposa, Ninfa (Puerto Rico). Mexico.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 123, 131, 132, 147. References: 28, 147, 156.
number 9 8 • 371
Trimezia martinicensis (Jacq.) Herb., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 30(Misc.): Juncus dichotomus Elliott = Juncus tenuis Willd. var. dichotomus (Ell.)
88. 1844. A.W. Wood
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Juncus effusus L., Sp. Pl. 326. 1753.
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), North
Central America, and South America; exotic in Jamaica. America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Wild scallion (Jamaica), Coco shot, Jambee-sieve, References: 1, 80, 147.
Jaune d’oeuf, L’envers jaune, L’envers-mâle, Lis jaune-savane
(Lesser Antilles). Juncus guadeloupensis Buchenau & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1:
References: 1, 2, 147. 496. 1900.
Trimezia steyermarkii R.C. Foster, Rhodora 64: 310. 1962. References: 1, 80.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.
References: 28, 147. Juncus marginatus Rostk., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 192. 1803.
Juncus aristulatus Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 192. 1803.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, North America, Mexico,
Juglandaceae Central America, and South America.
Genera. Total: 2; native 1; endemic: 0. Juncus parviflorus Poir. = Rhynchospora contracta (Nees) Raynal
Taxa. Total: 2; native: 1; endemic: 1. (Cyperaceae)
Carya pecan (Walter) Nutt., N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 41. 1842. Juncus repens Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 191. 1803.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to North America. Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, and Mexico.
Common Name: Pecana (Dominican Republic). Common Name: Junco (Cuba).
Juglans baccata L. = Picrodendron baccatum (L.) Krug & Urb. Juncus roemerianus Scheele, Linnaea 22: 348. 1849.
(Picrodendraceae) Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, and North America.
Common Name: Salt marsh rush (Bahamas).
Juglans cinerea sensu Bello = Juglans jamaicensis C. DC. References: 45, 80, 147.
Juglans domingensis Dode = Juglans jamaicensis C. DC. Juncus tenuis Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 214. 1799, var. tenuis
Juglans insularis Griseb. = Juglans jamaicensis C. DC. Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Puerto Rico, North America, Mexico,
Juglans jamaicensis C. DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 138.
1864.
Juglans cinerea sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 113. 1883, Juncus tenuis Willd. var. dichotomus (Ell.) A.W. Wood, Class-book
non L. Bot., ed. 1861, 726. 1861; Juncus dichotomus Elliott, Sketch Bot.
Juglans domingensis Dode, Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 13: 202. 1909. S. Carolina 1(5): 406. 1817.
Juglans insularis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 68. 1866; Juglans jamaicensis Juncus tenuis sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 581. 1864, non Willd.
C. DC. subsp. insularis (Griseb.) H. Schaarschm., Wiss. Z. Friedrich- Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, North
Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 32: 896. 1983. America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Juglans portoricensis Dode, Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 13: 201. 1909. References: 2, 28, 147, 254.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Juncus tenuis sensu Griseb. = Juncus tenuis Willd. var. dichotomus (Ell.)
and Puerto Rico. A.W. Wood
Common Names: Nogal, Nuez (Dominican Republic), Nogal, Nuez,
Palo de nuez (Puerto Rico).
References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 39, 58, 192, 427, 633. Juncaginaceae
Note: In spite of its specific epithet, this species is not known to occur
in Jamaica; Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Genera. Total: 1; native 1; endemic: 0.
Service, the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba (39), and Taxa. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0.
vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Juglans jamaicensis C. DC. subsp. insularis (Griseb.) H. Schaarschm. = Triglochin striata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 3: 72. 1802.
Juglans jamaicensis C. DC. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, North America, and South
America.
Juglans portoricensis Dode = Juglans jamaicensis C. DC. References: 45, 147.
Juncaceae Krameriaceae
Genera. Total: 1; native 1; endemic: 0. Genera. Total: 1; native 1; endemic: 0.
Taxa. Total: 8; native: 8; endemic: 1. Taxa. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0.
Juncus aristulatus Michx. = Juncus marginatus Rostk. Krameria ishamii Millsp. = Krameria ixine L.
Juncus bufonius L., Sp. Pl. 328. 1753. Krameria ixine L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 899. 1759.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), North Krameria ishamii Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser., 2(1):
America, Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World. 48. 1900.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Common Names: Lengua de vaca (Cuba), Bois cabrit, Bois cabroit,
Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Grenada, St. Eustatius, St. Bois de fer, Bwa kabuit (Lesser Antilles), Capaíllo (Puerto Rico),
Kitts), Bonaire, Curaçao, Mexico, Central America, and South Spiritweed (Virgin Islands).
America. References: 1, 3, 19, 58, 61, 131, 147.
References: 1, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 83, 323. Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq. var. oligoneura (Urb.) Moldenke =
Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq. var. martinicensis
Lacistemataceae Aegiphila nervosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 366. 1903.

Aegiphila subopposita Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 109. 1929.
Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
Taxa. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0. Jamaica.
References: 2, 5, 7, 30, 147.
Lacistema aggregatum (P.J. Bergius) Rusby, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. Aegiphila obtusa Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 486. 1908.
4: 447. 1907. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and South References: 2, 30, 147.
America.
References: 2, 151. Aegiphila oligoneura Urb. = Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq. var.
martinicensis
Aegiphila plicata Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 365. 1903.
Lamiaceae Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Aegiphila subopposita Urb. = Aegiphila nervosa Urb.
Aegiphila swartziana Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 364. 1903.
Aegiphila aurea Turcz. = Clerodendrum grandiflorum (Hook.) Schauer Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
subsp. grandiflorum References: 2, 30, 147.
Aegiphila barbadensis Moldenke = Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq. var. Aegiphila trifida Sw., Prodr. 32. 1788.
martinicensis Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Aegiphila caymanensis Moldenke, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: References: 2, 147.
118. 1933. Aegiphila uniflora Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 365. 1903.
Distribution: Endemic to Cayman Islands. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Aegiphila elata Sw., Prodr. 31. 1788. Aloysia citriodora Paláu, Parte Práct. Bot. 1: 768. 1784.
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Aloysia triphylla (L’Hér.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv.
Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Martinique), Mexico, Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 140. 1925.
Central America, and South America. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, and Puerto Rico; native to South
Common Name: Figuier (Haiti). America.
Aegiphila foetida Sw., Prodr. 32. 1788. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Aloysia looseri Moldenke, Lilloa 5: 377. 1940.
References: 2, 147. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola.
Aegiphila grandiflora Hook. = Clerodendrum grandiflorum (Hook.) Common Names: Lipia, Yerba Luisa (Dominican Republic).
Schauer subsp. grandiflorum References: 7, 147.
Aegiphila incana Turcz. = Callicarpa cubensis Urb. Aloysia triphylla (L’Hér.) Britton = Aloysia citriodora Palau
Aegiphila magnifolia Steud. = Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq. var. Aloysia virgata (Ruiz & Pav.) Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 7: 73.
martinicensis 1806.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola.
Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq. f. barbadensis (Moldenke) Moldenke = Common Name: Lipia (Cuba).
Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq. var. martinicensis Reference: 132.
Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq., Observ. Bot. 2: 3. 1767, var. Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 512. 1891; Nepeta
martinicensis indica L., Sp. Pl. 571. 1753; Epimeredi indicus (L.) Rothm.,
Aegiphila magnifolia Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 1840. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 12. 1944.
Aegiphila barbadensis Moldenke, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica.
33: 113. 1933; Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq. f. barbadensis Reference: 147.
(Moldenke) Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 368. 1973.
Aegiphila oligoneura Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 40. 1919; Ballota suaveolens L. = Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.
Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq. var. oligoneura (Urb.) Moldenke, Callicarpa aculeolata Schauer in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 642.
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 132. 1933. 1847.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, References: 5, 7, 147.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St.
Callicarpa americana L., Sp. Pl. 111. 1753.
Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Central America, and
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, United States, and Mexico.
South America.
number 9 8 • 373
Common Names: American beautyberry (Bahamas), Filigrana, Filigrana Callicarpa grisebachii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 356. 1912.
de fruto morado, Filigrana de mazorca, Filigrana morada (Cuba). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Callicarpa hitchcockii Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.,
Callicarpa ampla Schauer in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 642. 1847. 2(7): 312. 1909.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba.
Common Names: Capá rosa, Péndula cimarrona (Puerto Rico). Common Name: Boar hog bush (Bahamas).
Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and Callicarpa lancifolia Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.,
critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2(3): 181. 1906.
Callicarpa apiculata Urb. = Callicarpa fulva A. Rich. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 147.
Callicarpa areolata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 346. 1924.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Callicarpa leonis Moldenke, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 142.
Callicarpa bucheri Moldenke, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 40: 67.
1936.
Cuba (39).
References: 3, 147.
Callicarpa maestrensis Urb. = Callicarpa ferruginea Sw.
Callicarpa cinerea A. Rich. = Petitia domingensis Jacq.
Callicarpa moana Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22:
Callicarpa crassinervis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 357. 1912.
316. 1977 [“1976”].
References: 3, 30, 39, 147.
Reference: 147.
Cuba (39). Callicarpa nipensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16:
98. 1920.
Callicarpa cubensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 485. 1908.
Aegiphila incana Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36: 218.
1863.
Callicarpa cubensis Urb. var. parviflora Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 487. Callicarpa oblanceolata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 119.
1951. 1922.
Callicarpa cubensis Urb. var. parviflora Moldenke = Callicarpa cubensis Callicarpa resinosa C. Wright ex Moldenke, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Urb. Veg. 33: 142. 1933.
Callicarpa cuneifolia Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16:
References: 3, 147.
97. 1920.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Callicarpa reticulata Sw., Prodr. 31. 1788.
References: 2, 147.
Callicarpa ferruginea Sw., Prodr. 31. 1788.
Callicarpa maestrensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 119. 1922. Callicarpa revoluta Moldenke, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 143.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. 1933.
Common Name: Filigrana (Cuba). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Callicarpa floccosa Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 345. 1924. Callicarpa roigii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 463. 1926.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Callicarpa selleana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 108. 1929.
Callicarpa fulva A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: References: 5, 7, 147.
145. 1850. Callicarpa shaferi Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 96.
Callicarpa apiculata Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 356. 1912. 1920.
Callicarpa fulva A. Rich. var. glabrescens Moldenke, Repert. Spec. Nov. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Regni Veg. 33: 141. 1933. References: 3, 147, 156.
References: 3, 147. Callicarpa sordida Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 355. 1912.
Callicarpa fulva A. Rich. var. glabrescens Moldenke = Callicarpa fulva References: 5, 7, 30, 147.
A. Rich.
Callicarpa toaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
Callicarpa gibaroana Baró & P. Herrera, Fontqueria 40: 53. 1994. 22: 317. 1977 [“1976”].
Callicarpa wrightii Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: Clerodendrum fragrans Willd. f. pleniflorum (Schauer) Standl. &
97. 1920. Steyerm. = Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabb.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Clerodendrum fragrans Willd. var. pleniflorum Schauer =
References: 3, 147, 156. Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabb.
Clerodendrum aculeatum (L.) Schltdl. = Volkameria aculeata L. Clerodendrum grandiflorum (Hook.) Schauer in A.L.P.P. de Candolle,
Clerodendrum aculeatum (L.) Schltdl. var. gracile Griseb. ex Moldenke Prodr. 11: 659. 1847, subsp. grandiflorum; Aegiphila grandiflora
= Volkameria aculeata L. Hook., Bot. Mag. 72: t. 4230. 1846.
Aegiphila aurea Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(2): 218.
Clerodendrum anafense Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
1863.
16: 99. 1920.
Citharexylum longiflorum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou
36(2): 207. 1863.
Clerodendrum sagrae Schauer in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 659.
Clerodendrum angustifolium (Poir.) Spreng. = Volkameria aculeata L. 1847 [as sagraei].
Clerodendrum brachypus Urb. = Clerodendrum cubense Schauer Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 147.
Clerodendrum buchananii (Roxb.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 108.
1845; Volkameria buchananii Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 46. 1814. Clerodendrum grandiflorum (Hook.) Schauer subsp. cajalbanense
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola. Kereszty, Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 53. 1991 [“1990-1991”].
Reference: 147.
Clerodendrum bungei Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 882. 1840.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 506. 1891;
References: 6, 7, 58, 147, 150, 252. Siphonanthus indicus L., Sp. Pl. 109. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Virgin Islands (St. Croix),
Clerodendrum calcicola Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 9. 1912. and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
References: 3, 147, 427. Common Name: Herbe à long cou (Lesser Antilles).
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened References: 1, 3, 7, 150, 230.
Species.
Clerodendrum lindenianum A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba,
Clerodendrum camagueyense Britton & P. Wilson = Clerodendrum Bot. 11: 147. 1850, var. lindenianum
lindenianum Rich. var. camagueyense (Britton & P. Wilson) Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Moldenke Common Names: Roble guayo, Turquesa (Cuba).
Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabb., Plant-book, Repr. 707. 1989. References: 3, 147.
Clerodendrum fragrans Willd., Enum. Pl. 2: 659. 1809. Clerodendrum lindenianum Rich. var. camagueyense (Britton
Clerodendrum fragrans Willd. var. pleniflorum Schauer in A.L.P.P. de & P. Wilson) Moldenke, Revista Sudamer. Bot. 5: 1. 1937;
Candolle, Prodr. 11: 666. 1847; Clerodendrum fragrans Willd. f. Clerodendrum camagueyense Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey
pleniflorum (Schauer) Standl. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Bot. Club 16: 99. 1920.
Hist., Bot. Ser., 22: 272. 1940. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: References: 3, 147.
667. 1847.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Clerodendrum lindleyi Decne. ex Planch., Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 9: 17.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, 1854.
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to S China.
Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Central America, and South References: 3, 147.
America; native to Asia. Clerodendrum nipense Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 348.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 58, 147, 150, 224, 252. 1924.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Clerodendrum nipense Urb. var. pubescens Moldenke, Caribbean
Clerodendrum cubense Schauer in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 658. Forest. 2: 14. 1940.
Clerodendrum brachypus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: Common Name: Revienta chivo (Cuba).
347. 1924; Clerodendrum cubense Schauer var. brachypus (Urb.) References: 3, 132, 147.
Kereszty, Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 56. 1991 [“1990-1991”]. Clerodendrum nipense Urb. var. pubescens Moldenke = Clerodendrum
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. nipense Urb.
Common Names: Hiel de gallina, Magüira cimarrona, Oviedo amarillo
Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer = Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck)
(Cuba).
Mabb.
References: 3, 147.
Clerodendrum picardae Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 367. 1903.
Clerodendrum cubense Schauer var. brachypus (Urb.) Kereszty =
Clerodendrum cubense Schauer
References: 5, 7, 30, 147, 189.
Clerodendrum denticulatum Moldenke, Caribbean Forest. 2: 14. 1940.
Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Blanco) Merr., Philipp. Gov. Lab. Bur.
Bull. 35: 63. 1905.
References: 3, 147.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico.
Clerodendrum fallax Lindl. = Clerodendrum speciosissimum Drapiez Reference: 254.
Clerodendrum fragrans Willd. = Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabb. Note: A recently introduced species that is aggressively spreading.
number 9 8 • 375
Clerodendrum sagrae Schauer = Clerodendrum grandiflorum (Hook.) References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 147, 149, 224, 254.
Schauer subsp. grandiflorum Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Clerodendrum speciosissimum Drapiez, Hort. Belge 3: 322. 1836. Clinopodium bucheri (P. Wilson) Harley, Kew Bull. 55: 920. 2000;
Clerodendrum fallax Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 30: t. 19. 1844. Micromeria bucheri P. Wilson, J. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 93.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser 1922; Satureja bucheri (P. Wilson) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Veg. 20: 349. 1924.
Eustatius, St. Kitts), Margarita, North America. Satureja cubensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 249. 1924.
Common Names: Coral, Doña Manuela, Pecho hermoso, Virginia Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
(Cuba), Bandera danesa Coral, Coral haitiano, Flor de granada References: 3, 30, 39, 147.
(Dominican Republic), Corail (Haiti), Coral, Santo Domingo, Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Tripa de coral (Puerto Rico). Cuba (39).
References: 1, 3, 7, 45, 58, 123, 131, 147, 224, 323. Clinopodium capitatum (Jacq.) Sw. = Hyptis capitata Jacq.
Clinopodium chamaedrys Vahl = Marsypianthes chamaedrys (Vahl)
Clerodendrum x speciosum Dombrain, Fl. Mag. (London) 8: t. 432. Kuntze
1869.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico. Clinopodium domingense (Urb. & Ekman) Govaerts, World Checklist
References: 58, 151. Seed Pl. 3(1): 17. 1999; Satureja domingensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark.
Bot. 20A(15): 92. 1926.
Clerodendrum spinosum (L.) Spreng. = Ovieda spinosa L. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Clerodendrum spinosum (L.) Spreng. f. parvifolium Moldenke = References: 5, 7, 147.
Ovieda spinosa L. Clinopodium ekmanianum (Epling & Alain) Harley, Kew Bull. 55:
Clerodendrum splendens G. Don, Edinburgh Philos. J. 11: 349. 1824. 921. 2000; Satureja ekmaniana Epling & Alain, Brittonia 20: 156.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas and Cuba. 1968; Micromeria ekmaniana (Epling & Alain) Borhidi, Acta Bot.
Common Name: Clerodendro rojo (Cuba). Hung. 37: 79. 1992.
Clerodendrum thomsonae Balf. f., Gard. Chron. 1862: 70. 1862.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Clinopodium martinicense Jacq. = Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R. Br.
(Tortola), and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Clinopodium schusteri (Urb.) Govaerts, World Checklist Seed Pl. 3(1):
Eustatius). 19. 1999; Hyptis schusteri Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16:
Common Names: Clara lisa, Claralisa, Clemátida, Clerodendron, 145. 1919; Satureja schusteri (Urb.) Epling & Játiva, Brittonia 18:
Crendolento, Crendolinda, Jamaiquina, Querendona (Cuba), 248. 1966.
Bandera holandesa, Coquisa (Dominican Republic), Bandera Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
danesa (Puerto Rico). References: 5, 7, 147.
References: 1, 3, 7, 32, 58, 61, 123, 131, 147, 231.
Clinopodium vimineum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 516. 1891;
Clerodendrum tuberculatum A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Satureja viminea L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1096. 1759; Micromeria
Bot. 11: 147. 1850. viminea (L.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 142. 1919.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
References: 3, 147. Jamaica and Puerto Rico.
Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 5: References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 147.
166. 1804. Coleus amboinicus Lour. = Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng.
Reference: 147. Coleus blumei Benth. = Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br.
Clerodendrum wallichii Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 33: 220. 1952. Coleus laciniatus (Blume) Benth. = Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, naturalized in Puerto Rico. Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. = Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br.
Common Name: Guirnalda de novia (Dominican Republic).
Coleus verschaffeltii Lem. = Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br.
References: 7, 58, 123, 147.
Congea tomentosa Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 3: 90. 1820 [“1819”].
Clinopodium alpestre (Urb.) Harley, Kew Bull. 55: 919. 2000;
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.
Micromeria alpestris Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16:
Common Names: Congea, lluvia de orquídeas (Cuba), Cocinera,
143. 1919; Satureja alpestris (Urb.) J. Jiménez Alm., Arch. Bot.
Congea, Lluvia de orquídeas, Pana, Petrea extranjera (Dominican
Biogeogr. Ital. 42: 87. 1966.
Republic), Lluvia de orquídeas, Terciopelo (Puerto Rico).
References: 5, 32, 123, 131, 132, 147.
Cornutia coerulea (Jacq.) Moldenke, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 40:
Clinopodium brownei (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 514. 1891;
189. 1936; Hosta coerulea Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 60. 1797.
Thymus brownei Sw., Prodr. 89. 1788; Micromeria brownei (Sw.)
Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec. 372. 1834; Satureja brownei (Sw.) Briq.
Reference: 147.
in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 300.
Note: Not cited by Adams (2).
1896.
Micromeria bahamensis Shinners, Sida 1: 96. 1962. Cornutia jamaicensis Moldenke, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 40:
Micromeria domingensis Shinners, Sida 1: 96. 1962. 191. 1936.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, North Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. References: 2, 147.
Cornutia obovata Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 395. 1899. Hyptis scoparia Poit., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 7: 475. 1806.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Mexico.
Common Name: Nigua (Puerto Rico). Common Names: Orégano (Cuba), Escobilla, Mamaguana,
References: 30, 58, 61, 147, 427, 633. Mamajuana, Romerillo (Dominican Republic), Brinquet (Haiti).
Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and References: 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 147.
Hyptis ammotropha Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 213. 1866.
Cornutia pyramidata L., Sp. Pl. 628. 1753. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cornutia pyramidata L. f. serrata Moldenke, Phytologia 52: 230. 1982. References: 3, 147.
Hyptis armillata Epling, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 34: 126. 1933.
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and
References: 3, 147.
South America.
Common Names: Azulejo, Penda azul, Palo de vidrio (Dominican Hyptis atrorubens Poit., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 7: 466. 1806, var.
Republic), Bois caral, Bois casava, Bois pou-poule, Bwa kasav atrorubens
(Lesser Antilles). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 147. Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and
Cornutia pyramidata L. f. serrata Moldenke = Cornutia pyramidata L.
South America.
Cornutia thyrsoidea Banks ex Moldenke, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Common Names: Bouton à vonvons, Herbe à miel, Lanmant Mint,
Veg. 40: 193. 1936. Ti baum, Véronique (Lesser Antilles), Marubio obscuro (Puerto
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Rico).
References: 2, 147, 427. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 147.
Hyptis brevipes Poit., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 7: 465. 1806.
Species.
Hyptis melanosticta Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 488. 1862.
Epimeredi indicus (L.) Rothm. = Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Hyptis radiata Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland &
Eriope trichopes Epling = Hyptis trichopes (Epling) Harley C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 318. 1818.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Jamaica.
Glechoma arvensis L. = Stachys arvensis (L.) L. References: 2, 147, 224.
Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm., Pl. Coromandel 3: 41. 1815. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and South Hyptis capitata Jacq., Collectanea 1: 102. 1787 [“1786”];
America. Clinopodium capitatum (Jacq.) Sw., Prodr. 88. 1788.
Common Names: Álamo blanco, Jobo de África (Cuba), Ciruela de Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Malaya (Dominican Republic), Ciruela malaya (Puerto Rico). Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola),
References: 58, 123, 132, 147, 252. Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Gmelina asiatica L., Sp. Pl. 626. 1753. Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Mexico, Central
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico. America, and South America.
References: 58, 151, 252. Common Names: San Diego cimarrón, San Diego de simarrúa (Cuba),
Manzano, Maraquita, Margarita, Orégano (Dominican Republic),
Goniostachyum citrosum Small = Lantana canescens Kunth
Ironwort, Wild caesar obeah (Jamaica), Bouton blanc, Herbe-
(Verbenaceae)
citronelle, Ti pompons (Lesser Antilles), Botoncillo negro, Narubio
Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz., Observ. Bot. 6: 31. 1791. botón (Puerto Rico), Wild hops (Virgin Islands).
Distribution: Cultivated in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 147.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
Hyptis chyliantha Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 48. 1929.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat), and Mexico.
Common Names: Farolito japonés, Paragüita chino, Relámpago
japonés (Cuba), Paragüita chino (Dominican Republic), Bonnet
chinois, Chapeau chinois (Haiti), Chinese hat (Jamaica), Paragüita Hyptis confluens Urb. = Hyptis pulegioides Pohl ex Benth.
chino, Platillo (Puerto Rico). Hyptis congesta Leonard = Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.
References: 4, 5, 32, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 497.
Hyptis cubensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 367. 1912.
Hosta caerulea Jacq. = Cornutia caerulea (Jacq.) Moldenke Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Hyptis actinocephala Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 212. 1866. References: 3, 30, 39, 147.
Mesosphaerum hollandianum Jenn., Ann. Carnegie Mus. 11: 243. 1917. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola. Cuba (39).
References: 3, 7, 147. Hyptis domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 368. 1912.
Hyptis alata (Raf.) Shinners, Rhodora 64: 185. 1962; Pycnanthemum Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
alatum Raf., Fl. Ludov. 40. 1817. Common Name: Romerillo (Dominican Republic).
Hyptis latidens Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 368. 1926. References: 7, 30, 147.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, and South America. Hyptis eriocauloides A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
References: 3, 147. 11: 157. 1850.
Hyptis americana (Poir.) Briq. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 338. 1897; Satureja americana Poir. in References: 3, 147.
J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 571. 1805. Hyptis escobilla Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 143. 1919.
number 9 8 • 377
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and camphiré, Herbe-pilori (Lesser Antilles), Marubio falso (Puerto
Puerto Rico. Rico).
Common Names: Escoba hedionda, Escobilla, Romerillo (Dominican References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 224.
Republic). Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
References: 7, 58, 147. Hyptis pedalipes Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 213. 1866.
Hyptis gonocephala C. Wright ex Griseb. = Hyptis spicigera Lam. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Hyptis havanensis Britton ex Epling, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 34:
125. 1933.
Cuba (39).
References: 3, 147. Hyptis polystachya sensu A. Stahl, non Kunth = Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit.
Hyptis lanceifolia Thonn. = Hyptis lanceolata Poir. Hyptis pulegioides Pohl ex Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec. 128. 1833.
Hyptis confluens Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 349. 1924.
Hyptis lanceolata Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 3:
114. 1813.
America.
Hyptis lanceifolia Thonn. in H.C.F. Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. Pl. 261.
References: 3, 147.
1827.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Hyptis radiata Kunth = Hyptis brevipes Poit.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Central America, and South Hyptis rivularis Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 100. 1920.
Hyptis lantanifolia Poit., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 7: 468. 1806. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Hyptis lantanifolia Poit. var. glabrescens Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 488. Cuba (39).
1862. Hyptis schusteri Urb. = Clinopodium schusteri (Urb.) Govaerts
(St. Croix), Mexico, Central America, and South America. Hyptis scoparia Poit. = Hyptis americana (Poir.) Briq.
References: 3, 7, 58, 61, 147. Hyptis scoparioides Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 366. 1912.
Hyptis lantanifolia Poit. var. glabrescens Griseb. = Hyptis lantanifolia Poit. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Name: Romerillo (Dominican Republic).
Hyptis latidens Urb. = Hyptis alata (Raf.) Shinners References: 7, 30, 147.
Hyptis melanosticta Griseb. = Hyptis brevipes Poit. Hyptis shaferi Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 100. 1920.
Hyptis microphylla Pohl ex Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec. 82. 1833. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Mesosphaerum capitellatum Jenn., Ann. Carnegie Mus. 11: 246. 1917. References: 3, 39, 147, 156.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, and South America. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Hyptis sinuata Pohl ex Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec. 103. 1833.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South
Hyptis minutifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 213. 1866. America.
References: 3, 147. Hyptis spicata Poit. = Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq.
Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq., Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 788. 1896; Hyptis spicata sensu Bello = Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit.
Nepeta mutabilis Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 110. 1792.
Hyptis spicata Poit., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 7: 474. 1806. Hyptis spicigera Lam., Encycl. 3: 185. 1789.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles Hyptis gonocephala C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 212. 1866.
(Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia), North Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Name: Herbe-mélisse (Lesser Antilles). References: 2, 3, 7, 58, 147, 150.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 147. Hyptis spicigera sensu Bello = Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.
Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 7: 474. 1806; Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 7: 472. 1806;
Nepeta pectinata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1097. 1759. Ballota suaveolens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1100. 1759.
Hyptis polystachya sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 195. 1888, Hyptis congesta Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 70. 1927.
non Kunth. Hyptis spicigera sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 303. 1881,
Hyptis spicata sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 303. 1881, non Lam.
non Poit. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
Galante, Montserrat, Redonda, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Curaçao, Margarita, Common Names: Wild basil (Bahamas), Moña de negra, Orégano
Mexico, Central America, and South America. cimarrón, Sandoval, Vara sandoval (Cuba), Orégano,
Common Names: Alhucema, Hierba de aura, Moco de guanajo, Mamaguana, Mamajuana, Ajonjolí cimarrón (Dominican
Sandoval, Sargaso (Cuba), Piaba (Jamaica), Baume z’anglais Republic), Mélisse, Mélisse officinale (Haiti), Spikenard, Pignut
(Jamaica), Gros thymn, Bwa gason (Lesser Antilles), Marubio Common Names: Salvia, Salvia cimarrona, Salvia de la rucilla
(Puerto Rico), Wild spikenard (Virgin Islands). (Dominican Republic).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61. References: 7, 147.
Hyptis trichopes (Epling) Harley, Kew Bull. 28: 24. 1973; Eriope Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R. Br., Prodr. 504. 1810; Clinopodium
trichopes Epling, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 71: 495. 1944. martinicense Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 25. 1760.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Leonotis caribea (Jacq.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 88. 1837.
References: 3, 39, 147. Phlomis caribea Jacq., Collectanea 1: 154. 1787 [“1786”].
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Tortola),
Cuba (39). and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
Hyptis verticillata Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 11. 1787.
Martin, St. Vincent).
Common Names: Manzana, Poleo (Dominican Republic), Badi, Badou
Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
(Haiti).
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), North
References: 1, 5, 7, 61, 147, 231.
Common Names: Coge finca, Coge mundo, Malva apestosa, Pechuga Majorana hortensis Moench = Origanum majorana L.
de paloma, Pensamiento (Cuba), Malcasá grande, Malcasada Marsypianthes chamaedrys (Vahl) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 524.
grande, Mamanjuana, Mastranzo, Mastuerzo, Romerillo 1891; Clinopodium chamaedrys Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 77. 1794.
(Dominican Republic), Herbe au diable, Herbe bourrique, L’herbe Marsypianthes hyptoides Mart. ex Benth., Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 524. 1891.
bourrique, Maman houane, Maman ouane, Z’herbe bourrique Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
(Haiti), John Charles (Jamaica), Wild basilic, Grand baume, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St.
Herbe-volcan (Lesser Antilles). Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Aruba, Mexico, Central
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 123, 132, 147. America, and South America.
Leonotis caribea (Jacq.) Raf. = Leucas martinicensis ( Jacq.) R. Br. Common Names: Marguerite, Verveine-terre (Lesser Antilles), Ortelá
(Puerto Rico).
Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 3:
References: 1, 3, 58, 61, 147.
409. 1811; Phlomis nepetifolia L., Sp. Pl. 586. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Marsypianthes hyptoides Mart. ex Benth. = Marsypianthes chamaedrys
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, (Vahl) Kuntze
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Melosmon cubense (Jacq.) Small = Teucrium cubense Jacq.
Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Mentha arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 577. 1753.
St. Vincent), Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, North America, Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, North America, Mexico.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Cebadilla, Common Names: Peti baume, Ti-baume (Haiti).
Common Names: Lion’s ear (Bahamas), Bastón de san francisco, References: 5, 7, 147.
Cola de león, Molinillo (Cuba), Cevadille, Molenillo, Molinillo, Mentha x citrata Ehrh. = Mentha x piperita L. var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq.
Panchita, Pompón, Trebolito (Dominican Republic), Grasse
Mentha x nemorosa Willd. = Mentha x villosa Huds.
mulatre, Gros pompon, Gros tete, Pompon, Sabadi, Salbadi
(Haiti), Bald bush, Christmas candlestick (Jamaica), Bald head, Mentha x piperita L. var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq., Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 5:
Bird honey, Gros-bouton, Grow pompon, Gros tête, Johnny 62. 1899; Mentha x citrata Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 7: 150. 1792.
collins, Lord lavington, Pompon soldat (Lesser Antilles), Botón de Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and North
cadete, Molinillo, Quinino del pasto (Puerto Rico). America.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 224, 323. Common Names: Toronjil (Dominican Republic), Agua florida (Puerto
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Rico).
Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Nat. Hist. 9: 366. 1778.
Leonurus sibiricus sensu authors, non L. Mentha spicata L., Sp. Pl. 576. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, North America, and South America.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Common Names: Yerba buena (Dominican Republic), Menta (Puerto
Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Rico), Spearmint (Virgin Islands).
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, References: 123, 131.
St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, Mexico, Central Mentha x villosa Huds., Bot. Not. 118: 239. 1965.
America, and South America. Mentha x nemorosa Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 75. 1800.
Common Names: Lion’s tail, Pipe-shank (Bahamas), Chivirico (Cuba), Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.
Botón de cadete Chivirico, Friega platos, Panchita, Trebolito References: 5, 7, 58, 61.
(Dominican Republic), Greasy bush, Honey weed (Jamaica),
Chandalier, Chandilyé, Herbe à madame lalie, Motherwort (Lesser Mesosphaerum capitellatum Jenn. = Hyptis microphylla Pohl ex Benth.
Antilles), Agripalma, Cebadilla, Rabo de león (Puerto Rico). Mesosphaerum hollandianum Jenn. = Hyptis actinocephala Griseb.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 147, 160, 223, 224.
Micromeria alpestris Urb. = Clinopodium alpestre (Urb.) Harley
Micromeria bahamensis Shinners = Clinopodium brownei (Sw.) Kuntze
Leonurus sibiricus sensu authors, non L. = Leonurus japonicus Houtt.,
Nat. Hist. 9: 366. 1778. Micromeria brownei (Sw.) Benth. = Clinopodium brownei (Sw.) Kuntze
Lepechinia urbanii (Briq.) Epling, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67: 511. Micromeria bucheri P. Wilson = Clinopodium bucheri (P. Wilson)
1940; Sphacele urbanii Briq., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 1014. 1897. Harley
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Micromeria domingensis Shinners = Clinopodium brownei (Sw.) Kuntze
number 9 8 • 379
Micromeria ekmaniana (Epling & Alain) Borhidi = Clinopodium Ocimum sanctum L. = Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
ekmanianum (Epling & Alain) Harley Ocimum scutellarioides L. = Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br.
Micromeria suborbicularis (Alain) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Sp. Pl. 597. 1753.
26: 264. 1981 [“1980”]; Satureja suborbicularis Alain, Contr. Ocimum americanum sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 303.
Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 13. 1956. 1881, non L.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ocimum micranthum sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 6: 189.
References: 39, 147, 149. 1888, non Willd.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Ocimum sanctum L., Mant. Pl. 1: 85. 1767.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Micromeria viminea (L.) Urb. = Clinopodium vimineum (L.) Kuntze Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), and South America.
References: 3, 4, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 147, 223, 224.
Nepeta indica L. = Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze
Nepeta mutabilis Rich. = Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq.
Origanum majorana L., Sp. Pl. 590. 1753.
Nepeta pectinata L. = Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. Majorana hortensis Muench, Methodus 406. 1794.
Ocimum americanum sensu Bello = Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands.
Common Names: Mejorana (Puerto Rico).
Ocimum basilicum L., Sp. Pl. 597. 1753. References: 3, 131, 147, 224.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Désirade,
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Origanum vulgare L., Sp. Pl. 590. 1753.
Vincent), Margarita and North America. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola.
Common Names: Basil (Bahamas), Albahaca, Albahaca blanca, Common Names: Orégano (Cuba), Orégano de España (Dominican
Albahaca francesa (Cuba), Albahaca clavo, Albahaca de burro, Republic), Marjolaine (Haiti).
Albahaquita (Dominican Republic), Basilic, Basilique, Bazalique References: 5, 7, 123, 147.
(Haiti), Basilic, Bazalik, Framboisin (Lesser Antilles), Albahaca *Ovieda spinosa L., Sp. Pl. 637. 1753; Clerodendrum spinosum (L.)
Albahaca blanca, Orégano falso (Puerto Rico), Basil, Garden basil Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 760. 1825;
(Virgin Islands). Clerodendrum spinosum (L.) Spreng. f. parvifolium Moldenke,
References: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 147, 224. Phytologia 55: 372. 1984.
Ocimum campechianum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Common Names: Chicharra, Chicharrón (Dominican Republic), Zié
Ocimum micranthum Willd., Enum. Pl. 2: 630. 1809. mouton, Ziémouton, Z’yeux mouton (Haiti).
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, References: 5, 7, 147, 624.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Petitia diamentensis Moldenke = Petitia urbanii Ekman
*Petitia domingensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 12. 1760.
Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Citharexylum melanocardium Sw., Prodr. 91. 1788.
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St.
Citharexylum paniculatum Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 270. 1788.
Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Mexico, Central
Callicarpa cinerea A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
145. 1850.
Common Names: Albahaca, Albahaca cimarrona Albahaca vaca,
Petitia domingensis Jacq. var. ekmanii Moldenke, Repert. Spec. Nov.
Antiyayo, Atiyoyo (Dominican Republic), Basilic à petites feuilles,
Regni Veg. 42: 247. 1937.
Basilic grandes feuilles, Basilica grandes feuilles, Frombasín
Petitia poeppigii Schauer in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 639. 1847;
marron, Franc basin, Grand basilique, Grande basilique, Grand
Petitia domingensis Jacq. var. poeppigii (Schauer) Moldenke,
framboisin, Grande framboisin, Quici-quici (Haiti), Balm, Basil,
Fon basin, Fonboysa (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 147, 150, 323.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix).
Ocimum gratissimum L., Sp. Pl. 1197. 1753. Common Names: Guayo prieto, Roble guayo (Cuba), Capá sabana,
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles Totuma (Dominican Republic), Bois d’ortie, Genievre (Haiti).
(Anguilla, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 147.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
Petitia domingensis Jacq. var. ekmanii Moldenke = Petitia domingensis
Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao.
Jacq.
Common Names: Albahaca cimarrona, Albahaca de clavo, Clavo
canela, Clavo mondonguero, Lauel cimarrón, Orégano cimarrón Petitia domingensis Jacq. var. poeppigii (Schauer) Moldenke = Petitia
(Cuba), Albahaca, Albahaca cimarrona, Albahaca vaca, Athioyo, domingensis Jacq.
Atiayo, Atiyayo (Dominican Republic), Basilic grandes feuilles, Petitia poeppigii Schauer = Petitia domingensis Jacq.
Basilic à petites fleurs, Basilica grandes feuilles, Folle basin,
Fombasin, Gran basilique, Grand basilique, Grand fombasin, *Petitia urbanii Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 94. 1927.
Grande fombasin (Haiti), African tea bush (Jamaica), Basilic, Petitia diamentensis Moldenke, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 42: 236.
Frond bazin, Mint (Lesser Antilles). 1937.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 147, 224. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Hispaniola.
Ocimum micranthum sensu A. Stahl = Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
Phlomis caribea Jacq. = Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R. Br.
Ocimum micranthum Willd. = Ocimum campechianum Mill.
Phlomis nepetifolia L. = Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br.
Piloblephis rigida (Bartram ex Benth.) Raf., New Fl. 3: 53. 1838; Common Names: Chicharrón, Malagueta cimarrona (Dominican
Satureja rigida Bartram ex Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec. 354. 1834. Republic).
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America. References: 5, 7, 147.
References: 45, 147. *Pseudocarpidium ilicifolium (A. Rich.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian
Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 690. Mus., Bot. Ser., 2(3): 182. 1906; Vitex ilicifolia A. Rich. in R. de la
1825; Coleus amboinicus Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 372. 1790. Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 148. 1850.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), References: 3, 147.
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, *Pseudocarpidium multidens (Urb.) Moldenke, Revista Sudamer. Bot.
Martinique, Nevis, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. 5: 2. 1937; Vitex multidens Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Martin, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South America. 20: 346. 1924.
Common Names: Orégano de España, Orégano poleo, Oreille Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
(Dominican Republic), French thyme, Soup mint (Jamaica), References: 3, 147.
Ditengo, Gros thym, Soup thyme, Thyme, Wild thyme (Lesser
Antilles), Orégano brujo, Orégano de España (Puerto Rico). *Pseudocarpidium neglecta Bisse, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 2: 19.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 131, 147, 224, 237. 1975.
Reference: 147.
Plectranthus blumei (Benth.) Launert = Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.)
R. Br. *Pseudocarpidium pungens Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 10. 1912.
Plectranthus laciniatus Blume = Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. References: 3, 147.
Plectranthus multiflorus Hochst. ex Benth. = Tetradenia riparia *Pseudocarpidium rigens (Griseb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39:
(Hochst.) Codd 10. 1912; Vitex rigens Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 216. 1866.
Plectranthus nummularius Briq., Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, 3: 1072. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Margarita. *Pseudocarpidium shaferi Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 98. 1920.
Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br., Prodr. 506. 1810; Ocimum References: 3, 147, 156.
scutellarioides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 834. 1762; Coleus scutellarioides *Pseudocarpidium wrightii Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot.
(L.) Benth. in N. Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 16. 1830. Ser., 2(3): 182. 1906.
Coleus blumei Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec. 56. 1832. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, and Cuba.
Coleus laciniatus (Blume) Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec. 56. 1832. Common Names: Chicharrón, Chicharrón de cuabal, Granadillo de
Coleus verschaffeltii Lem., Ill. Hort. 8: t. 293. 1861. costa, Granadillo de Cuba, Granadillo macho, Negra, Negracuba
Plectranthus blumei (Benth.) Launert, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. espinosa (Cuba).
München 7: 301. 1968. References: 3, 45, 147.
Plectranthus laciniatus Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 14: 838. 1826.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Pycnanthemum alatum Raf. = Hyptis alata (Raf.) Shinners
(St. Croix, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Rosmarinus officinalis L., Sp. Pl. 23. 1753.
Vincent), and Margarita. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Common Names: Tocador (Dominican Republic), Manteau de St. Islands, and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Joseph (Haiti). St. Lucia).
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 123, 147, 224, 230, 323. Common Names: Romero (Cuba), Romero (Dominican Republic),
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Romarin, Romarin du pays, Lonmarin, Omarin (Haiti), Romero,
Poliomintha longiflora A. Gray var. congesta R.S. Irving, Sida 5: 18. Rosemary (Puerto Rico).
1972. References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 131, 147, 224.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Reference: 147. Salvia abbottii Urb. = Salvia tenella Sw.
Prunella vulgaris L., Sp. Pl. 600. 1753. Salvia arborescens Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 91. 1926.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, North America, Mexico, Salvia arborescens Urb. & Ekman var. dolichocarpa Urb., Ark. Bot.
and South America. 22A(10): 48. 1929.
Common Name: Brunela (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
*Pseudocarpidium avicennioides (A. Rich.) Millsp., Publ. Field Salvia arborescens Urb. & Ekman var. dolichocarpa Urb. = Salvia
Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser., 2(3): 182. 1906; Vitex avicennioides arborescens Urb. & Ekman
A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 149. 1850.
Salvia arduinervis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 89. 1926.
References: 3, 147.
References: 7, 147.
*Pseudocarpidium domingense (Urb. & Ekman) Moldenke, Revista
Salvia azuensis Urb. = Salvia densiflora Benth.
Sudamer. Bot. 5: 2. 1937; Vitex domingensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark.
Bot. 22A(10): 107. 1929. Salvia bahorucona Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 47. 1929.
References: 7, 147.
number 9 8 • 381
Salvia bidens Urb. = Salvia tenella Sw. Salvia dominica Sw. = Salvia serotina L.
Salvia brachyloba Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 362. 1912. Salvia eriocalyx Bertero ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 1: 246. 1817.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Salvia brachyphylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 368. 1903. Salvia farinacea Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec. 274. 1833.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola.
Salvia brachyphylla Urb. var. subglabra Urb. = Salvia subglabra (Urb.) Salvia foveolata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 47. 1926.
Urb. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 7, 147.
Salvia buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 369. 1903.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Salvia haitiensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 306. 1924.
Common Name: Sauge (Haiti).
Salvia cabonii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 361. 1912.
References: 7, 147.
References: 5, 7, 30, 147. Salvia hispanica L., Sp. Pl. 25. 1753.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, Mexico, Central
Salvia calaminthifolia Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 233. 1804.
Reference: 147.
Salvia hotteana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 45. 1926.
Salvia caymanensis Millsp. & Uline = Salvia serotina L.
Salvia clarendonensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 340. 1922. References: 7, 147.
Salvia incumbens Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 85. 1926.
References: 2, 147.
Salvia coccinea Buc’hoz ex Etl., Comm. Bot.-Med. Salvia 23. 1777. References: 7, 147.
Salvia pseudococcinea Jacq., Collectanea 2: 302. 1789 [“1788”]; Salvia
Salvia jamaicensis Fawc. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 396. 1899.
coccinea Buc’hoz ex Etl. var. pseudococcinea (Jacq.) A. Gray, Syn.
Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 368. 1878.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles, Salvia lachnaiocloda Briq., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 2:
Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South 154. 1898.
America. Salvia ottoschulzii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 90. 1926.
Common Names: Country belle, Scarlet sage (Bahamas), Banderilla, Salvia ottoschulzii Urb. & Ekman var. neurocalyx Urb. & Ekman, Ark.
Banderilla colorada, Mimos (Cuba), Guele de lion (Haiti), Aceitilla Bot. 20A(15): 91. 1926.
extranjera, Cizaña, Salvia (Dominican Republic), Scarlet sage Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
(Jamaica), Cizaña, Moradilla colorada (Puerto Rico). References: 7, 147, 150.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 131, 132, 147, 224. Salvia lamiifolia Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 37. 1798.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
Salvia coccinea Buc’hoz ex Etl. var. pseudococcinea (Jacq.) A. Gray = Vincent).
Salvia coccinea Buc’hoz ex Etl. References: 1, 147.
Salvia cognata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 86. 1926. Salvia latibracteata Urb. = Salvia tuerckheimii Urb.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Salvia lavendula Alain, Phytologia 64: 347. 1988.
References: 7, 147. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Salvia constanzae Urb. = Salvia densiflora Benth. References: 7, 14, 147.
Salvia cristalensis Urb. = Salvia cubensis Britton & P. Wilson Salvia leucantha Cav., Icon. 1: 16. 1791.
Salvia cubensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 99.
Reference: 147.
1920.
Salvia cristalensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 349. 1924. Salvia micrantha Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 235. 1804.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Salvia tenella sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 490. 1862, non Sw.
(St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Salvia decumbens Alain, Phytologia 25: 273. 1973.
Barbuda, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
Martin), Mexico, and Central America.
Common Names: Banderilla azul (Cuba), Cizaña (Dominican Republic).
Salvia densiflora Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec. 721. 1835. References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 19, 58, 147, 150.
Salvia azuensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 475. 1915.
Salvia microdictya Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 87. 1926.
Salvia constanzae Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 360. 1912.
Salvia wunschmannii Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 397. 1899.
References: 7, 147.
Common Name: Montaña (Dominican Republic). Salvia misella Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland &
References: 5, 7, 147. C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 290. 1818.
Salvia riparia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & Salvia scopulorum Britton & P. Wilson = Salvia speirematoides
C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 300. 1818. C. Wright
Salvia setosa sensu Barker & Dardeau, La Flore D’Haiti. 324. 1930. Salvia selleana Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 476. 1915.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Mexico, and South America. References: 7, 147.
References: 2, 3, 7, 58, 147, 150, 224.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Salvia serotina L., Mant. Pl. 1: 25. 1767.
Salvia caymanensis Millsp. & Uline, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot.
Salvia montecristina Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 35. 1931. Ser., 2(1): 94. 1900.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Salvia dominica Sw., Observ. Bot. 18. 1791.
Salvia mornicola Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 88. 1926. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
References: 7, 147. Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St.
Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts), and North America.
Salvia nigrescens Alain = Salvia toaensis Alain
Common Names: Small white sage (Bahamas), Banderilla azul, Yerba
Salvia occidentalis Sw., Prodr. 14. 1788. buena cimarrona (Cuba), Chicken weed, Little woman (Jamaica),
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Moradilla azul (Puerto Rico).
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 45, 58, 61, 147.
Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica,
Salvia setosa Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 35: 493. 1900.
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and Mexico.
Vincent), Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South
America.
Common Names: West Indian sage (Bahamas), Salvia de manigua Salvia speirematoides C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
(Cuba), Yerba buena cimarrona (Dominican Republic), Peti Méd. Habana 7: 53. 1870.
baume, Petit baume marron, Thé marron, Ti-baume marron Salvia scopulorum Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 47.
(Haiti), Field basil (Jamaica), Moradilla (Puerto Rico), Hap-weed 1923.
(Virgin Islands). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 323, 340. References: 3, 147.
Salvia oroana Urb. & Ekman = Salvia thormannii Urb. Salvia splendens Sellow ex Schult., Mant. 1: 185. 1822.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Salvia ottoschulzii Urb. & Ekman = Salvia lachnaioclada Briq.
Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and Old World.
Salvia ottoschulzii Urb. & Ekman var. neurocalyx Urb. & Ekman = Common Names: Banderilla, Banderilla colorada, Mimos (Cuba), Red
Salvia lachnaioclada Briq. salvia (Jamaica), Salvia (Puerto Rico).
Salvia parciflora Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 368. 1922. References: 2, 4, 58, 61, 131, 132, 147, 323.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Salvia strobilanthoidea C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 214. 1866.
Salvia paryskii Skean & Judd, Brittonia 40: 16. 1988. References: 3, 39, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
References: 7, 8, 147, 156. Cuba (39).
Salvia pinetorum Urb. = Salvia tuerckheimii Urb. Salvia subaequalis Epling, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 110.
225. 1939.
Salvia praeterita Epling, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 110: 227. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 7, 147. Salvia subalpina Urb. & Ekman = Salvia uncinata Urb.
Salvia primuliformis Epling, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 110: Salvia subglabra (Urb.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 46. 1926; Salvia
166. 1939. brachyphylla Urb. var. subglabra Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 531. 1908.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Salvia pseudococcinea Jacq. = Salvia coccinea Buc’hoz ex Etl. Salvia tenella Sw., Prodr. 14. 1788.
Salvia abbottii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 195. 1922.
Salvia riparia Kunth = Salvia misella Kunth Salvia bidens Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 358. 1912.
Salvia saccifera Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 46. 1926. Salvia tippenhaueri Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 45. 1926.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
References: 7, 147. Jamaica.
Salvia scabrata Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 99.
1920. Salvia tenella sensu Griseb. = Salvia micrantha Vahl
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Salvia thomasiana Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 359. 1912.
References: 3, 39, 147, 156. Distribution: Endemic to Virgin Islands (St. Thomas).
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 30, 61, 147.
Cuba (39). Note: Known only from the type.
number 9 8 • 383
Salvia thormannii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 365. 1912. Scutellaria havanensis Jacq. var. portoricensis Leonard, Contr. U.S.
Salvia oroana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 32. 1931. Natl. Herb. 22: 737. 1927.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Scutellaria purpurascens sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 214. 1866, non Sw.
References: 7, 30, 147. Scutellaria rupicola Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 144. 1971.
Salvia tippenhaueri Urb. = Salvia tenella Sw. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, and United States (FL); exotic in Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Salvia toaensis Alain, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 1165. 2008; Salvia Guadeloupe, Martinique).
nigrescens Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Common Names: Skullcap (Bahamas), Escudo de la Habana (Cuba).
Salle” 15: 12. 1956, nom. illeg. References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 30, 45, 58, 61, 147, 254.
References: 3, 149. Scutellaria havanensis Jacq. var. portoricensis Leonard = Scutellaria
havanensis Jacq.
Salvia tortuensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 88. 1926.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Scutellaria incarnata Vent., Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 8:
References: 7, 147. 18. 1807.
Scutellaria ventenatii Hook., Bot. Mag. 72: t. 4271. 1846.
Salvia tuerckheimii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 363. 1912. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Salvia latibracteata Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 34. 1931. Guadeloupe, Martinique), and Trinidad.
Salvia pinetorum Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 33. 1931. References: 1, 2, 7, 147.
References: 7, 30, 147. Scutellaria purpurascens Sw., Prodr. 89. 1788.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica,
Salvia uncinata Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 364. 1912. Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central
Salvia subalpina Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 32. 1931. America, and South America.
Scutellaria purpurascens sensu Griseb. = Scutellaria havanensis Jacq.
Salvia wunschmannii Krug & Urb. = Salvia densiflora Benth.
Scutellaria rupicola Alain = Scutellaria havanensis Jacq.
Satureja alpestris (Urb.) J. Jiménez Alm. = Clinopodium alpestre (Urb.)
Harley Scutellaria ventenatii Hook. = Scutellaria incarnata Vent.
Satureja americana Poir. = Hyptis americana (Poir.) Briq. Siphonanthus indicus L. = Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze
Satureja banaoensis P. Herrera, I.E. Méndez & Bécquer, Willdenowia Sphacele urbanii Briq. = Lepechinia urbanii (Briq.) Epling
35: 169. 2005. Stachys arvensis (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 814. 1762; Glechoma arvensis
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. L., Sp. Pl. 578. 1753.
Reference: 149. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Satureja brownei (Sw.) Briq. = Clinopodium brownei (Sw.) Kuntze Guadeloupe, Martinique).
References: 1, 58, 147, 294.
Satureja bucheri (P. Wilson) Urb. = Clinopodium bucheri (P. Wilson)
Harley Tectona grandis L. f., Suppl. Pl. 151. 1782 [“1781”].
Tectona grandis L. f. f. punctata Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 28. 1975.
Satureja cubensis Urb. = Clinopodium bucheri (P. Wilson) Harley Distribution: Cultivated in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto
Satureja domingensis Urb. & Ekman = Clinopodium domingense (Urb. Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola),
& Ekman) Govaerts Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia), Mexico, Central
Satureja ekmaniana Epling & Alain = Clinopodium ekmanianum
America and South America; native to Old World.
(Epling & Alain) Harley
Common Names: Árbol del marfil, Teca (Cuba), Cabuya, Hoja
Satureja hortensis L., Sp. Pl. 568. 1753. ancha, Hojancha, Teca (Dominican Republic), Tek (Haiti), Teak
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola. (Jamaica), Caracoli, Teak, Teck (Lesser Antilles), Teca (Puerto
Common Names: Ajedrea (Cuba), Orégano, Ditén (Dominican Rico), Teak (Virgin Islands).
Republic). References: 1, 2, 4, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 223, 224.
Satureja rigida Bartram ex Benth. = Piloblephis rigida (Bartram ex Tectona grandis L. f. f. punctata Moldenke = Tectona grandis L. f.
Benth.) Raf.
Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd, Bothalia 14: 181. 1983.
Satureja schusteri (Urb.) Epling & Játiva = Clinopodium schusteri Plectranthus multiflorus Hochst. ex Benth. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle,
(Urb.) Govaerts Prodr. 12: 49. 1848.
Satureja suborbicularis Alain = Micromeria suborbicularis (Alain) Distribution: Exotic in Cuba.
Borhidi Reference: 147.
Satureja viminea L. = Clinopodium vimineum (L.) Kuntze Teucrium canadense L., Sp. Pl. 564. 1753.
Teucrium canadense L. var. angustatum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1):
Scutellaria cubensis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 349. 1878.
158. 1850. Distribution: Native to Cuba, and from Canada to northern Mexico.
References: 3, 147.
Teucrium canadense L. var. angustatum A. Gray = Teucrium canadense L.
Scutellaria havanensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 25. 1760.
Teucrium chamaedrifolium Mill. = Teucrium cubense Jacq.
Teucrium cubense Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 25. 1760; Melosmon cubense Republic), Chencherenche, Sauzgatillo (Puerto Rico), Chaste-tree
(Jacq.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1019. 1903. (Virgin Islands).
Teucrium chamaedrifolium Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. References: 7, 58, 61, 131, 132, 147, 150, 231.
Teucrium cubense Jacq. var. chamaedrifolium (Mill.) Epling, Ann. Vitex avicennioides A. Rich. = Pseudocarpidium avicennioides
Missouri Bot. Gard. 12: 112. 1925. (A. Rich.) Millsp.
Teucrium cubense Jacq. var. densum Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 861. 1925.
Teucrium cubense Jacq. subsp. depressum (Small) E.M. McClint. & Vitex brittoniana Moldenke = Vitex compressa Turcz.
Epling, Brittonia 5: 505. 1946. Vitex clementis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 98.
Teucrium cubense Jacq. subsp. laevigatum (Vahl) E.M. McClint. & 1920.
Epling, Brittonia 5: 503. 1946. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Teucrium cubense Jacq. var. laevigatum (Vahl) Shinners, Sida 4: 275. References: 3, 39, 147, 156.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, North America, Cuba (39).
Vitex compressa Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(2):
Common Names: West Indian germander (Bahamas), Agrimonia,
224. 1863.
Serpentaria, Yerba del pasmo (Cuba).
Vitex brittoniana Moldenke, Torreya 33: 67. 1933.
References: 3, 5, 7, 45, 147.
Distribution: Cultivated in Lesser Antilles (Grenada); native to
Teucrium cubense Jacq. var. chamaedrifolium (Mill.) Epling = Teucrium Curaçao, Trinidad, and northern South America.
cubense Jacq. References: 1, 147.
Teucrium cubense Jacq. var. densum Jeps. = Teucrium cubense Jacq. Vitex divaricata Sw., Prodr. 93. 1788.
Teucrium cubense Jacq. subsp. depressum (Small) E.M. McClint. & Vitex divaricata Sw. var. cubensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 357. 1912.
Epling = Teucrium cubense Jacq. Vitex divaricata Sw. var. haitiensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 110. 1929.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Teucrium cubense Jacq. subsp. laevigatum (Vahl) E.M. McClint. & Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Epling = Teucrium cubense Jacq. Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,
Teucrium cubense Jacq. var. laevigatum (Vahl) Shinners = Teucrium Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and South
cubense Jacq. America.
Common Names: Ofón criollo, Roble de cauto, Roble guayo (Cuba),
Teucrium inflatum Sw. = Teucrium vesicarium Mill.
Higuerillo cimarrón (Dominican Republic), Bois agouti, Bois
Teucrium picardae Krug & Urb. = Teucrium vesicarium Mill. lezard, Bwa léza (Lesser Antilles), Higüerillo, Péndula blanca
Teucrium vesicarium Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. (Puerto Rico).
Teucrium inflatum Sw., Prodr. 88. 1788. References: 1, 3, 7, 19, 58, 61, 75, 147, 340.
Teucrium picardae Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 396. 1899. Vitex divaricata Sw. var. cubensis Urb. = Vitex divaricata Sw.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central
Vitex divaricata Sw. var. haitiensis Urb. = Vitex divaricata Sw.
References: 2, 3, 7, 147. Vitex domingensis Urb. & Ekman = Pseudocarpidium domingense
(Urb. & Ekman) Moldenke
Thymus brownei Sw. = Clinopodium brownei (Sw.) Kuntze
Vitex doniana Sweet, Hort. Brit. 323. 1826.
Thymus vulgaris L., Sp. Pl. 591. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to tropical Africa.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin
Common Name: Ofón (Cuba).
Islands (Tortola).
Common Names: Tomillo (Cuba), Tomillo (Dominican Republic), Du
thym, Grand thym, Thym, Thym d’Europe, Thym grandes feuilles,
Zombi nan bois (Haiti), Tomillo (Puerto Rico), Thyme (Virgin Vitex guanahacabibensis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 317.
Islands). 1977 [“1976”].
References: 3, 5, 7, 61, 131, 147, 224, 231. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. References: 147, 149.
Trichostema dichotomum L., Sp. Pl. 598. 1753. Vitex heptaphylla A. Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 7: 7. 1806.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America. Vitex lucida Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 102. 1934.
Common Names: Bastard penny royal, Forked blue curls (Bahamas). Vitex umbrosa sensu Moscoso, Cat. Fl. Domingensis 1: 525. 1943.
References: 45, 147. Vitex balbisii Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 756. 1825.
Vitex acunae Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 318.
Hispaniola.
1977 [“1976”].
Common Names: Capá de Puerto Rico, Guara, Malagueta, Mata
becerro, Palo perrito, Roble blanco (Dominican Republic), Bois de
References: 39, 147, 149, 427.
savane, Bois saane, Bois savane, Gri-gri (Haiti).
References: 3, 5, 7, 39, 147.
Species.
Cuba (39).
Vitex agnus-castus L., Sp. Pl. 638. 1753.
Vitex ilicifolia A. Rich. = Pseudocarpidium ilicifolium (A. Rich.) Millsp.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin
Islands (St. Thomas, Tortola). Vitex integrifolia Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 369. 1922.
Common Names: Incienso japonés, Vencedor (Cuba), Yerba Luisa, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Yerba de la suerte, Pimienta de Guinea, Malagueta (Dominican References: 7, 147.
number 9 8 • 385
Vitex lucida Moldenke = Vitex heptaphylla Juss. Salvia obtusifolia Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 1, 10. 1893.
Note: Reported for Cuba by IPNI but not known to us.
Vitex multidens Urb. = Pseudocarpidium multidens (Urb.) Moldenke
Salvia purpurea Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 1, 9. 1893.
Vitex negundo L., Sp. Pl. 638. 1753.
Note: Reported for Cuba by IPNI but not known to us.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to tropical Africa and Asia.
References: 3, 147.
Vitex parviflora A. Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 7: 76. 1806. Lauraceae
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Roble de Filipinas, Roble de olor, Roble filipino, Genera. Total: 9; native: 9; endemic: 0.
Roble guayo, Roble viti (Cuba), Molave (Puerto Rico). Taxa. Total: 75; native: 71; endemic: 61.
Acrodiclidium dominicense Meisn. = Licaria sericea (Griseb.) Kosterm.
Vitex praetervisa Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 318. 1977
[“1976”]. Acrodiclidium jamaicense (Spreng.) Nees = Licaria triandra (Sw.)
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Kosterm.
References: 39, 147, 149. Acrodiclidium jamaicense sensu Griseb. = Ocotea wrightii (Meisn.) Mez
Cuba (39). Acrodiclidium salicifolium (Sw.) Griseb. = Licaria parvifolia (Lam.)
Kosterm.
Vitex rigens Griseb. = Pseudocarpidium rigens (Griseb.) Britton
Acrodiclidium sericeum Griseb. = Licaria sericea (Griseb.) Kosterm.
Vitex tomentulosa Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 58. 1933.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Acrodiclidium wrightii Meisn. = Ocotea wrightii (Meisn.) Mez
Common Name: Roble güiro (Cuba). Aniba bracteata (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 66.
References: 3, 147. 1889; Aydendron bracteatum Nees, Syst. Laur. 256. 1836.
Vitex trifolia L., Sp. Pl. 938. 1753. Aniba bracteata (Nees) Mez var. l’herminieri (Meisn.) Mez, Jahrb.
Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas and Cuba. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 67. 1889.
Common Name: Abrecamino (Cuba). Aydendron argenteum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 285. 1860.
References: 45, 132, 147, 208. Goeppertia argentea (Griseb.) Meisn. var. l’herminieri Meisn. in A.L.P.P.
de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 174. 1864.
Vitex umbrosa Sw., Prodr. 93. 1788. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico and Lesser
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis,
Common Name: Box wood (Jamaica). St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
References: 2, 132, 147. Common Names: Bois jaune, Bois-la-colique, Laurier isabelle, Laurier
Volkameria aculeata L. = Clerodendrum aculeatum (L.) Schltdl. jaune, Laurier rouge, Red sweetwood (Lesser Antilles), Canelillo
(Puerto Rico).
Volkameria aculeata L., Sp. Pl. 637. 1753; Clerodendrum aculeatum
References: 1, 58.
(L.) Schltdl., Linnaea 6: 750. 1831.
Clerodendrum aculeatum (L.) Schltdl. var. gracile Griseb. ex Moldenke, Aniba bracteata (Nees) Mez var. l’herminieri (Meisn.) Mez = Aniba
Caribbean Forest. 2: 13. 1940. bracteata (Nees) Mez
Clerodendrum angustifolium (Poir.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 758. Aniba ramageana Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 494. 1889.
1825, nom. illeg.; Volkameria angustifolia Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia).
Lamarck, Encycl. 8: 688. 1808. Common Name: Laurier falaise (Lesser Antilles).
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Reference: 1.
Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Aydendron argenteum Griseb. = Aniba bracteata (Nees) Mez
Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Aydendron bracteatum Nees = Aniba bracteata (Nees) Mez
Aydendron cubense A. Rich. = Licaria triandra (Sw.) Kosterm.
St. Martin, St. Vincent), Mexico, and South America. Aydendron sericeum (Nees) Griseb. = Endlicheria sericea Nees
Common Names: Prickly myrtle (Bahamas), Clavellina espinosa Beilschmiedia pendula (Sw.) Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3(14): 70.
(Cuba), Corazón de paloma, Uña de gato (Dominican Republic), 1882; Laurus pendula Sw., Prodr. 65. 1788; Hufelandia pendula
Amourette, Prayer berry, Pree-bree, Privet, Privy hedge, Thé bord (Sw.) Nees, Hufeland. Ill. 22. 1833.
de mer (Lesser Antilles), Botón de oro, Descamisador, Escambrón Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
blanco (Puerto Rico). Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), and Lesser
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 131, 624. Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,
Volkameria angustifolia Poir. = Volkameria aculeata L. Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Common Names: Aceitunillo, Aguacatillo, Boniato laurel, Cabeza
Volkameria buchananii Roxb. = Clerodendrum buchananii (Roxb.) Walp.
de toro, Carne de doncella, Cubanacá, Curavara, Laurel de
DOUBTFUL SPECIES loma Mulato, Pata de gallina (Cuba), Aguacatillo, Caraqueño,
Carrasqueño, Cigua amarilla, Colorado, Laurel colorado, Olive
Clerodendrum incisum Klotzsch in W.C.H. Peters, Naturw. Reise
(Dominican Republic), Bois noir (Haiti), Slogwood, Slugwood
Mossambique: 257. 1861.
(Jamaica), Isabella blanc, Laurier madame, Laurier rouge, Red
sweetwood, Sweetwood, Zaboca (Lesser Antilles), Aguacate
Reference: 147.
cimarrón, Cedro macho, Guajón, Palo colorado (Puerto Rico).
Note: A name accepted by World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61.
(147) but not used by modern botanists.
Camphora camphora (L.) H. Karst. = Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Phoebe antillana Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 31. 1864;
J. Presl Cinnamomum antillanum (Meisn.) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 10:
441. 1988.
Cassytha americana Nees = Cassytha filiformis L.
Oreodaphne alba A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Cassytha baccifera J.S. Muell. = Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S. Muell.) Stearn 189. 1850.
(Cactaceae) Phoebe antillana Meisn. var. genuina Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle,
Cassytha filiformis L., Sp. Pl. 35. 1753. Prodr. 15(1): 31. 1864.
Cassytha americana Nees, Syst. Laur. 644. 1836. Phoebe antillana Meisn. var. portoricensis Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de
Cassytha americana L. var. puberula Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 31. 1864.
Prodr. 15(1): 256. 1864; Cassytha filiformis L. var. puberula Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
(Meisn.) León & Alain, Fl. Cuba 2: 191. 1951. Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas),
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, and Trinidad.
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Common Names: Laurier cane, Laurier-mabonne, Pitch-pine
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, sweetwood (Lesser Antilles).
Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), References: 1, 3, 6, 7, 58, 61.
Curaçao, Tobago, Trinidad, United States (FL), Mexico, Central Cinnamomum falcatum (Mez) R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 46.
America, and South America. 1981; Ocotea falcata Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 388.
Common Names: Woe-vine (Bahamas), Bejuco de fideo (Cuba), 1889; Phoebe falcata (Mez) Mez in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 251.
Fideillo, Fideos (Dominican Republic), Liane amitié (Haiti), Corde 1900.
à violon, Kod-a-vyélonj, Liane-amitié, Liane sans fin, Liane-fisella, Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Love vine, Lyenn san piat, Vermicella (Lesser Antilles), Bejuco Eustatius, St. Vincent).
dorado, Cabellos de ángel, Fideos, Fideíllo, Tente en el aire (Puerto Common Names: Bois-doux mabonne, Bois-doux desbonnes, Laurier-
Rico), Love-vine (Virgin Islands). Mabonne (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 224. Reference: 1.
Cinnamomum montanum (Sw.) J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin 2: 36. 1825;
Cassytha filiformis L. var. puberula (Meisn.) León & Alain = Cassytha Laurus montana Sw., Prodr. 65. 1788; Phoebe montana (Sw.)
filiformis L. Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 279. 1860.
Ceramocarpium cubense (Nees) Nees = Cinnamomum elongatum Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
(Nees) Kosterm. Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Cigua blanca, Cigua boba, Cigua laurel, Laurel,
Cinnamomum alainii (C.K. Allen) Alain, Phytologia 50: 162. 1982; Laurel maximito (Dominican Republic), Laurier rose (Haiti).
Phoebe alainii C.K. Allen, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 109. References: 2, 3, 6, 7, 58, 151.
1971.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Cinnamomum parviflorum (Nees) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 6: 21. 1961;
Reference: 7. Phoebe parviflora Nees, Syst. Laur. 120. 1836.
Cinnamomum antillarum Lukman. = Cinnamomum verum J. Presl References: 151, 254.
Cinnamomum antillanum (Meisn.) Kosterm. = Cinnamomum Cinnamomum triplinerve (Ruiz & Pav.) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 6: 24.
elongatum (Nees) Kosterm. 1961; Laurus triplinervis (Ruiz & Pav.), Fl. Peruv. 4: t. 363. 1804-
Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees) Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 11: 569. 1830; Phoebe triplinervis (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1:
1826. 187. 1860.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and Puerto Rico. Phoebe valenzuelana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Common Names: Canelero de China (Cuba), Canela china, Malayan 11: 185. 1850.
cinnamon (Puerto Rico). Phoebe grisebachiana Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 215.
References: 58, 131, 132. 1889.
Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin 2: 36. 1825;
Hispaniola.
Camphora camphora (L.) H. Karst., Deut. Fl. 504. 1881.
Common Name: Laurier (Haiti).
Distribution: Cultivated in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto
Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix).
Common Names: Alcanfor, Alcanfor del japón (Cuba), Alcanfor del Cinnamomum verum J. Presl in B.V. von Berchtold & J. Presl, Prir.
Japón, Camphor tree (Dominican Republic), Camphre (Haiti), Rostlin Aneb. Rostl. 2(2): 36. 1825.
Alcanfor (Puerto Rico). Cinnamomum antillarum Lukman., Nomencl. Icon. Cannel. 5. 1889.
References: 5, 4, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 230. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 11: 568. 1826.
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Cinnamomum cubense (Nees) Kosterm. = Cinnamomum elongatum
Islands (St. Croix), and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
(Nees) Kosterm.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Cinnamomum elongatum (Nees) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 6: 21. 1961; Common Names: Canela, Canela de Ceilán, Cinnamon (Dominican
Phoebe elongata (Vahl) Nees, Syst. Laur. 116. 1836. Republic), Cannelle (Haiti), Cannelier, Cannelle, Cinnamomum,
Phoebe cubensis Nees, Syst. Laur. 120. 1836; Cinnamomum cubense Kannèl, Pied-cannella, Spice (Lesser Antilles).
(Nees) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 6: 21. 1961; Ceramocarpium References: 1, 6, 58, 123, 230, 254.
cubense (Nees) Nees in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 31.
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume = Cinnamomum verum J. Presl
1864; Phoebe antillana Meisn. var. cubensis (Nees) Meisn. in
A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 31. 1864. Endiandra jamaicensis Spreng. = Licaria triandra (Sw.) Kosterm.
number 9 8 • 387
Endlicheria sericea Nees, Linnaea 8: 38. 1833; Aydendron sericeum Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique,
(Nees) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 284. 1860. Montserrat).
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Common Names: Bois-chique, Bois-fourmi (Lesser Antilles), Cacaíllo,
Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, and South Canela del país, Canelilla, Canelillo (Puerto Rico).
America. References: 1, 6, 19, 36, 58, 61, 131, 230.
Common Names: Bois doux blanc, Bois doux-grandes feuille, Bois
Licaria salicifolia (Sw.) Kosterm. = Licaria parvifolia (Lam.) Kosterm.
marbré, Bois-montagne, Cayali, Cayari, Laurier caille, Laurier
canelle, Laurier faire, Laurier-grand bois, Laurier gris, Laurier Licaria sericea (Griseb.) Kosterm., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 34: 597.
isabelle, Laurier pété, Laurier vache, Marbuy, Sweetwood (Lesser 1937; Acrodiclidium sericeum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 280. 1860.
Antilles). Acrodiclidium dominicense Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr.
Reference: 1. 15(1): 86. 1864.
Goeppertia argentea (Griseb.) Meisn. var. l’herminieri Meisn. = Aniba
Martinique, St. Lucia).
bracteata (Nees) Mez
Common Name: Bois à pain (Lesser Antilles).
Hufelandia pendula (Sw.) Nees = Beilschmiedia pendula (Sw.) Hemsl. Reference: 1.
Laurus americana Mill. = Daphnopsis americana (Mill.) J.R. Johnst. Licaria triandra (Sw.) Kosterm., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 34: 588.
(Thymelaeaceae) 1937; Laurus triandra Sw., Prodr. 65. 1788; Misanteca triandra
Laurus cerifera Vahl = Ocotea floribunda (Sw.) Mez (Sw.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 103. 1889.
Endiandra jamaicensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 176. 1824
Laurus coriacea Sw. = Nectandra coriacea (Sw.) Griseb. [“1825”]; Acrodiclidium jamaicense (Spreng.) Nees, Syst. Laur.
Laurus exaltata Sw. = Nectandra patens (Sw.) Griseb. 270. 1836; Licaria jamaicensis (Spreng.) Kosterm. ex León &
Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 10:
Laurus exaltata Sw. var. lancifolia Poir. = Ocotea leucoxylon (Sw.) Laness.
183. 1951; Misanteca jamaicensis (Spreng.) Lundell, Wrightia
Laurus floribunda Sw. = Ocotea floribunda (Sw.) Mez 4(3): 100. 1969.
Laurus globosa Aubl. = Nectandra hihua (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohwer Aydendron cubense A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
187. 1850.
Laurus hihua Ruiz & Pav. = Nectandra hihua (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohwer Symphysodaphne cubensis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba,
Laurus leucoxylon Sw. = Ocotea leucoxylon (Sw.) Laness. Bot. 11: 190. 1850.
Laurus membranacea Sw. = Nectandra membranacea (Sw.) Griseb.
Islands (St. John), Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Barthélemy),
Laurus montana Sw. = Cinnamomum montanum (Sw.) J. Presl North America, and Mexico.
Laurus patens Sw. = Nectandra patens (Sw.) Griseb. Common Names: Cigua de costa, Cigua gorrita, Cigua prieta, Laurel
sassafrás (Dominican Republic), Laurier jaune (Haiti), Pepperleaf
Laurus pendula Sw. = Beilschmiedia pendula (Sw.) Hemsl. sweetwood (Jamaica), Bois-fourmi (Lesser Antilles), Lebisa, Palo
Laurus persea L. = Persea americana Mill. misanteco (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 41, 58, 61, 123, 131.
Laurus salicifolius Sw. = Licaria parvifolia (Lam.) Kosterm.
Mespilodaphne moschata Meisn. = Ocotea moschata (Meisn.) Mez
Laurus triandra Sw. = Licaria triandra (Sw.) Kosterm.
Misanteca brittoniana (C.K. Allen & L.E. Greg.) Lundell = Licaria
Laurus triplinervis Ruiz & Pav. = Cinnamomum triplinerve (Ruiz &
brittoniana C.K. Allen & L.E. Greg.
Pav.) Kosterm.
Misanteca cubensis (O.C. Schmidt) Lundell = Licaria cubensis (O.C.
Licaria brittoniana C.K. Allen & L.E. Greg., Brittonia 7: 267. 1951;
Schmidt) Kobuski
Misanteca brittoniana (C.K. Allen & L.E. Greg.) Lundell, Wrightia
4(3): 99. 1969. Misanteca jamaicensis (Spreng.) Lundell = Licaria triandra (Sw.) Kosterm.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Misanteca triandra (Sw.) Mez = Licaria triandra (Sw.) Kosterm.
Common Name: Canelón (Puerto Rico).
References: 6, 58. Nectandra antillana Meisn. = Nectandra hihua (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohwer
Licaria cubensis (O.C. Schmidt) Kobuski, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. Nectandra boniato A. Rich. = Nectandra coriacea (Sw.) Griseb.
34: 601. 1937; Nobeliodendron cubense O.C. Schmidt, Repert. Nectandra caudato-acuminata O.C. Schmidt, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 151. 1929; Misanteca cubensis (O.C. Veg. 27: 162. 1929; Ocotea caudato-acuminata (O.C. Schmidt)
Schmidt) Lundell, Wrightia 4(3): 99. 1969. Alain, Phytologia 50: 162. 1982.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Threatened Species.
Licaria jamaicensis (Spreng.) Kosterm. ex León & Alain = Licaria Nectandra cigua A. Rich. = Nectandra coriacea (Sw.) Griseb.
triandra (Sw.) Kosterm.
Nectandra coriacea (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 281. 1860; Laurus
Licaria parvifolia (Lam.) Kosterm., J. Sci. Res. (Jakarta) 1: 149. 1952. coriacea Sw., Prodr. 65. 1788; Ocotea coriacea (Sw.) Britton in
Licaria salicifolia (Sw.) Kosterm., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 34: 597. N.L. Britton & C.F. Millspaugh, Bahama Fl. 143. 1920.
1937; Laurus salicifolius Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2(1): 709. 1798; Nectandra boniato A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Acrodiclidium salicifolium (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 280. 1860. 188. 1850.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico, Virgin Nectandra cigua A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), and Lesser 187. 1850.
Nectandra sanguinea sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 281. 1860, non Rottb. Nectandra membranacea (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 282. 1860;
Nectandra willdenoviana Nees var. obliterata Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Laurus membranacea Sw., Prodr. 65. 1788; Ocotea membranacea
Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 165. 1864. (Sw.) R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 59. 1981.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Oreodaphne strumosa Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 284. 1860.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico,
Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Central America, and South America.
Mexico, and Central America. Common Names: Curabara (Cuba), Bois chypre, Bois doux, Laurier
Common Names: Bastard torch, Black torch, Sweet torchwood caca, Laurier doux, Laurier go gwen, Laurier isabelle, Laurier
(Bahamas), Boniato cigua, Cigua, Curavara, Sigua, Sigua amarilla, meuble, Laurier néglesse, Laurier noir, Sweetwood (Lesser
Sigua blanca, Sigua de mierda (Cuba), Cigua blanca (Dominican Antilles), Laurelillo (Puerto Rico).
Republic), Laurier blanc (Haiti), Small-leaved sweetwood, Timber References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 79, 131, 132, 301, 238.
sweetwood (Jamaica), Avispillo, Cigua, Laurel, Laurel cigua Nectandra minima Rohwer, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 57. 1993.
(Puerto Rico). Nectandra earlei Britton ex Roig & Acuña, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 79, 123, 131, 132, 6(2-3): 17. 1949, nom. illeg.
150, 301, 323. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Nectandra coriacea (Sw.) Griseb. f. dubia Mez. = Nectandra patens References: 39, 79, 156, 427.
(Sw.) Griseb. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora
of Cuba (39) and critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Nectandra cuneata Griseb. = Ocotea cuneata (Griseb.) M. Gómez
Threatened Species.
Nectandra discolor Griseb. = Nectandra krugii Mez
Nectandra oligoneura Urb. = Nectandra turbacensis (Kunth) Nees
Nectandra dominicana (Meisn.) Mez = Ocotea dominicana (Meisn.)
Nectandra patens (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 281. 1860; Laurus patens
R.A. Howard
Sw., Prodr. 65. 1788; Ocotea patens (Sw.) Alain, Phytologia 50:
Nectandra earlei Britton ex Roig & Acuña = Nectandra minima 162. 1982.
Rohwer Laurus exaltata Sw., Prodr. 65. 1788.
Nectandra exaltata (Sw.) Griseb. = Nectandra patens (Sw.) Griseb. Nectandra coriacea (Sw.) Griseb. f. dubia Mez., Jahrb. Königl. Bot.
Gart. Berlin 5: 461. 1889.
Nectandra hihua (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohwer, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 196. Nectandra exaltata (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 281. 1860.
1993; Laurus hihua Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 4: t. 366. 1804-1830. Ocotea exaltata (Sw.) Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 241. 1982.
Laurus globosa Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 364. 1775; Ocotea globosa Ocotea jamaicensis Mez, Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, 5: 241. 1905.
(Aubl.) Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 6: 366. 1831. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Nectandra antillana Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 153. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John), and Lesser Antilles
1864. (Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba,
Nectandra leucantha sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 282. 1860, non Nees. St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Nectandra magnoliifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Common Names: Laurel perdiz (Dominican Republic), Capberry
Bot. 11: 188. 1850. sweetwood (Jamaica), Laurier gros graine, Sweetwood (Lesser
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Antilles), Laurel geo colorado, Laurel roseta (Puerto Rico).
Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Mexico, Central America, and South References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 36, 58, 61, 79, 123, 131, 151.
America.
Common Names: Cigua, Laurel, Laurel blanco, Laurel cabrón, Laurel Nectandra pulchra Ekman & O.C. Schmidt, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
cambrón, Laurel cimarrón, Laurel sanso (Dominican Republic), Veg. 27: 162. 1929; Ocotea pulchra (Ekman & O.C. Schmidt)
Laurier grandes feuilles (Haiti). Alain, Phytologia 50: 163. 1982.
References: 2, 3, 7, 36, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 156, 239. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 7, 427.
Nectandra krugii Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 422. 1889; Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Ocotea krugii (Mez) R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 56. 1981. Threatened Species.
Nectandra discolor Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 282. 1800.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Nectandra reticularis Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50:
Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Saba, St. 38. 1923.
Eustatius). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Black sweetwood, Bois doux desbonnes, Laurier Reference: 3.
caille (Lesser Antilles), Laurel canelón (Puerto Rico). Nectandra sanguinea sensu Griseb. = Nectandra coriacea (Sw.) Griseb.
References: 1, 7, 58, 61, 79, 427.
Nectandra sintenisii Mez = Nectandra turbacensis (Kunth) Nees
Species. Nectandra staminea Griseb. = Ocotea staminea (Griseb.) Mez
Nectandra leucantha sensu Bello = Nectandra turbacensis (Kunth) Nees Nectandra turbacensis (Kunth) Nees, Syst. Laur. 316. 1836; Ocotea
turbacensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland &
Nectandra leucantha sensu Griseb. = Nectandra hihua (Ruiz & Pav.)
C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 162. 1817.
Rohwer
Nectandra leucantha sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 112.
Nectandra longifolia A. Rich. = Ocotea leucoxylon (Sw.) Laness. 1883, non Nees.
Nectandra magnoliifolia A. Rich. = Nectandra hihua (Ruiz & Pav.) Nectandra oligoneura Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 170.
Rohwer 1918; Ocotea oligoneura (Urb.) Alain, Phytologia 50: 162. 1982.
number 9 8 • 389
Nectandra sintenisii Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 419. 1889; 188. 1860; Nemodaphne cuneata (Griseb.) Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de
Ocotea sintenisii (Mez) Alain, Phytologia 50: 163. 1982. Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 109. 1864.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Oreodaphne obovata A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot.
Virgin Islands (St. Thomas, Tortola), Central America, and South 11: 189. 1850.
America. Ocotea nemodaphne Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 270.
References: 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 79, 123, 131, 156, 340. 1889.
Nectandra willdenoviana Nees var. obliterata Meisn. = Nectandra
and Puerto Rico.
coriacea (Sw.) Griseb.
Common Names: Achotillo, Bijote, Canela blanca, Canelillo, Canelón,
Nemodaphne cuneata (Griseb.) Meisn. = Ocotea cuneata (Griseb.) Cúrbana, Malambo, Raysú, Vencedor (Cuba), Sasafras (Haiti)
M. Gómez References: 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 123, 210.
Nobeliodendron cubense O.C. Schmidt = Licaria cubensis (O.C. Ocotea dominicana (Meisn.) R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 53.
Schmidt) Kobuski 1981; Oreodaphne dominicana Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle,
Notaphoebe cubensis (Meisn.) Pax = Persea cubensis Meisn. Prodr. 15(1): 139. 1864; Nectandra dominicana (Meisn.) Mez,
Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 399. 1889.
Ocotea acarina C.K. Allen, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 111. 1971. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Martinique).
Puerto Rico. Common Names: Bois-doux-muscade, Laurier, Laurier blanc, Laurier
References: 7, 254. cyp, Laurier de poivre, Laurier de rose, Laurier-gombo, Laurier
Ocotea acunana Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 591. 1974 [as acunaiana]. noir, Laurier yaboca, Muscadier (Lesser Antilles).
Reference: 149. Ocotea dussii Mez, Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, 5: 241. 1905.
Ocotea alpina R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 50. 1981. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe).
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reference: 1.
Nevis, St. Kitts). Ocotea eggersiana Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 363. 1889.
Common Names: Laurier, Sweetwood (Lesser Antilles). Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Lesser Antilles
Reference: 1. (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
Ocotea athroanthes C.K. Allen, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 114. Vincent) and Trinidad.
1971. Common Names: Laurier caca, Laurier fétide, Laurier noir, Peste à pou
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). (Lesser Antilles).
Ocotea baracoensis Borhidi & Imkhan., Acta Agron. Acad. Sci. Hung. Ocotea ekmanii O.C. Schmidt, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 156.
27: 429. 1978. 1929.
Reference: 149. Common Names: Júcaro amarillo, Raysú (Cuba).
References: 3, 132.
Ocotea bissei Imkhan., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 26: 75. 1989; Persea
similis Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 38. 1923. Ocotea exaltata (Sw.) Proctor = Nectandra patens (Sw.) Griseb.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ocotea falcata Mez = Cinnamomum falcatum (Mez) R.A. Howard
Reference: 152.
Ocotea floribunda (Sw.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 325.
Ocotea bucheri Roig & Acuña, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 6(2-3): 13. 1949. 1889; Laurus floribunda Sw., Prodr. 65. 1788; Strychnodaphne
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. floribunda (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 283. 1860.
Reference: 152. Laurus cerifera Vahl, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 6: 130. 1810.
Ocotea caudato-acuminata (O.C. Schmidt) Alain = Nectandra caudato- Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
acuminata O.C. Schmidt Islands (St. John, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe,
Montserrat), Central America, and South America.
Ocotea cernua (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 377. 1889.
Common Names: Boniato laurel, Curavara, Lebisa, Lebiza, Leviza (Cuba),
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica,
Aguacate laurel, Cabirma, Cabirma aromática, Cigua aguacatillo,
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
Cigua amarilla, Cigua laurel, Cigua prieta, Laurel, Laurel blanco
Lucia, St. Vincent) and Mexico.
(Dominican Republic), Laurier puant (Haiti), Black candlewood,
Common Names: Bois doux noir, Bois négresse, Laurier canelle, Laurier
Black sweetwood (Jamaica), Laurier ti fe, Laurier, Pitchpine
fer, Laurier petite feuille, Laurier rivière (Lesser Antilles).
sweetwood, Sweet wood (Lesser Antilles), Laurel (Puerto Rico).
Reference: 1.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 36, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 151.
Ocotea cicatricosa C.K. Allen, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 116. 1971.
Ocotea foeniculacea Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 266.
1889.
Reference: 7.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola
Ocotea coriacea (Sw.) Britton = Nectandra coriacea (Sw.) Griseb. and Puerto Rico.
Ocotea cristalensis Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 591. 1974. Common Names: Canelilla (Dominican Republic), Sasafras (Haiti),
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Laurel, Palo santo (Puerto Rico).
Ocotea cuneata (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Dicc. Bot. Nombres Vulg. Cub. Ocotea globosa (Aubl.) Schltdl. & Cham. = Nectandra hihua (Ruiz &
Puerto-Riq. 30. 1889; Nectandra cuneata Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: Pav.) Rohwer
Ocotea harrisii Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 241. 1982. Ocotea moschata (Meisn.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 269.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. 1889; Mespilodaphne moschata Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle,
References: 1, 427. Prodr. 15(1): 106. 1864.
Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Threatened Species. Common Names: Canela, Laurel sasafrás, Nemocá, Nuez moscada,
Ocotea imrayana Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 274. 1889. Nuez moscada del país, Nuez moscada macho, Sasafrás (Puerto
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Rico).
Martinique, St. Lucia). References: 58, 61.
Common Names: Bois doux muscade, Laurier gland, Laurier gombo, Ocotea nemodaphne Mez = Ocotea cuneata (Griseb.) M. Gómez
Laurier muscade (Lesser Antilles).
Ocotea oligoneura (Urb.) Alain = Nectandra turbacensis (Kunth) Nees
Reference: 1.
Ocotea patens (Sw.) Alain = Nectandra patens (Sw.) Griseb.
Ocotea jacquinii (Meisn.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 242.
1889. Ocotea portoricensis Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 364.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. 1889.
Lucia). Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Laurier formé, Laurier-gland, Laurier fine (Lesser Common Names: Avispillo, Geo, Laurel, Laurel avispillo, Laurel geo,
Antilles). Laurel de paloma (Puerto Rico).
Ocotea jamaicensis Mez = Nectandra patens (Sw.) Griseb. Ocotea pulchra (Ekman & O.C. Schmidt) Alain = Nectandra pulchra
Ekman & O.C. Schmidt
Ocotea krugii (Mez) R.A. Howard = Nectandra krugii Mez
Ocotea robertsonae Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 7. 1967.
Ocotea leucoxylon (Sw.) Laness., Pl. Util. Col. Franc. 158. 1886;
Laurus leucoxylon Sw., Prodr. 65. 1788; Oreodaphne leucoxylon
References: 2, 427.
(Sw.) Nees, Syst. Laur. 413. 1836.
Laurus exaltata Sw. var. lancifolia Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck,
Species.
Encycl. Suppl. 3: 319. 1813.
Oreodaphne parviflora (Sw.) Nees, Syst. Laur. 415. 1836 Ocotea sintenisii (Mez) Alain = Nectandra turbacensis (Kunth) Nees
Nectandra longifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. Ocotea spathulata Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 268. 1889.
11: 188. 1850. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Puerto
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Rico.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Common Names: Cabalonga cimarrona, Granadillo, Nemocá
Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, cimarrona, Nemocá, Nuez moscada cimarrona (Puerto Rico).
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, References: 3, 58, 61, 131.
St. Vincent), Tobago and Trinidad.
Common Names: Aguacatillo, Boniato, Curavara, Hoja ancha, Ocotea staminea (Griseb.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 240.
Hojancha, Judío, Ojáncha, Oreja de burro, Patabán de pinares, 1889; Nectandra staminea Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 282. 1860.
Patabán de monte (Cuba), Aguacate prieto, Cigua boba, Cigua Synandrodaphne antillana Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1):
laurel, Cigua prieta, Laurel, Laurel prieto (Dominican Republic), 176. 1864.
Laurier, Laurier rose (Haiti), Loblolly sweetwood (Jamaica), Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Bois doux courume, Bois doux couronne, Bois doux jaune, Bois Common Names: Lignum dorum, Spicewood (Jamaica).
doux noir, Bois doux pimenté, Laurier mabre, Laurier madame, Reference: 2.
Pumpkin sweetwood (Lesser Antilles), Cacaíllo, Geo, Laurel geo, Ocotea staminoides Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 241. 1982.
Laurel geogeo (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 58, 61, 301. References: 2, 427.
Ocotea lherminieri Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 273. 1889. Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe). Species.
Reference: 1. Ocotea turbacensis Kunth = Nectandra turbacensis (Kunth) Nees
Ocotea libanensis Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 592. 1974. Ocotea victorinii Roig & Acuña, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 6(2-3): 12.
Ocotea martinicensis Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 270. 1889. References: 3, 152.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Ocotea wrightii (Meisn.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 267.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Vincent); dubious in 1889; Acrodiclidium wrightii Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle,
Jamaica. Prodr. 15(1): 85. 1864.
Common Names: Bois doux cabrit, Bois montagne, Laurier, Laurier Acrodiclidium jamaicense sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 280. 1860, non
mangue, Laurier racine (Lesser Antilles). Nees.
References: 1, 2. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola
Ocotea membranacea (Sw.) R.A. Howard = Nectandra membranacea and Puerto Rico.
(Sw.) Griseb. Common Names: Laurel (Cuba), Canelilla (Dominican Republic),
Canelle, Cannelle (Haiti), Canela, Canelón, Laurel canelón (Puerto
Ocotea moaensis Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 592. 1974. Rico).
Reference: 149.
number 9 8 • 391
Oreodaphne alba A. Rich. = Cinnamomum elongatum (Nees) Kosterm. Persea domingensis Mez = Persea krugii Mez,
Oreodaphne dominicana Meisn. = Ocotea dominicana (Meisn.) R.A. Persea ekmanii O.C. Schmidt = Persea anomala Britton & P. Wilson
Howard Persea galeae Acuña, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 6(2-3): 4. 1949.
Oreodaphne leucoxylon (Sw.) Nees = Ocotea leucoxylon (Sw.) Laness. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 3.
Oreodaphne obovata A. Rich. = Ocotea cuneata (Griseb.) M. Gómez
Persea gratissima C.F. Gaertn. = Persea americana Mill.
Oreodaphne parviflora (Sw.) Nees = Ocotea leucoxylon (Sw.) Laness.
Persea harrisii Mez = Persea alpigena Spreng. var. harrisii (Mez) L.E.
Oreodaphne strumosa Griseb. = Nectandra membranacea (Sw.) Griseb.
Kopp
Persea acunae Borhidi & Imkhan., Acta Agron. Acad. Sci. Hung. 27:
Persea hypoleuca (A. Rich.) Mez = Persea cubensis Meisn.
429. 1978.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Persea hypoleuca (A. Rich.) Mez, var. domingensis Mez, Jahrb. = Persea
References: 39, 149. krugii Mez
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Persea krugii Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 177. 1889.
Cuba (39). Persea hypoleuca (A. Rich.) Mez, var. domingensis Mez, Jahrb. Königl.
Persea alpigena Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 268. 1825, var. alpigena Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 174. 1889; Persea domingensis Mez, Arbeiten
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Königl. Bot. Gart. Breslau 1: 116. 1892.
Common Name: Wild pear (Jamaica). Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Reference: 2. and Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Aguacatillo, Canela de la tierra, Macao, Mericao
Persea alpigena Spreng. var. harrisii (Mez) L.E. Kopp, Mem. New York
(Dominican Republic), Canela (Puerto Rico).
Bot. Gard. 14: 40. 1966; Persea harrisii Mez, Notizbl. Königl. Bot.
References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132.
Gart. Berlin 1: 325. 1897.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Persea oblongifolia L.E. Kopp., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 14: 43. 1966.
References: 2, 30, 149. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Reference: 7.
Persea americana Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Laurus persea L., Sp. Pl. 370. 1753. Persea persea (L.) Cockerell = Persea americana Mill.
Persea gratissima C.F. Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 3: 222. 1807. Persea portoricensis Britton & P. Wilson = Persea urbaniana Mez
Persea persea Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 95. 1892.
Persea persea (L.) Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 95. 1892. Persea shaferi P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 65. 1920.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, References: 3, 156.
St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Persea similis Britton & P. Wilson = Ocotea bissei Imkhan.
Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, and
Persea sylvestris A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Trinidad.
186. 1850.
Common Names: Alligator pear, Avocado pear (Bahamas), Aguacate,
Avocato (Cuba), Aguacate, Zabocá (Dominican Republic), Avocat,
Common Names: Aguacate cimarrón, Aguacate silvestre (Cuba).
Abocatier, Z’abocat, Zabocatier, Z’avocatier, Z’avocat (Haiti),
Reference: 3.
Alligator pear, Avocado pear, Pear (Jamaica), Alligator pear,
Avocado, Avocado pear, Avocatier, Avocat, Awacati, Pear (Lesser Persea urbaniana Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 143. 1889.
Antilles), Aguacate (Puerto Rico), Alligator pear, Avocado (Virgin Persea portoricensis Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin
Islands). Islands 6: 346. 1926.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 224. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Jamaica, Puerto
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Montserrat, St. Lucia).
Persea anomala Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 38.
Common Names: Laurier-avocate, Sweetwood (Lesser Antilles),
1923.
Aguacatillo (Puerto Rico).
Persea ekmanii O.C. Schmidt, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 153.
1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Phoebe alainii C.K. Allen = Cinnamomum alainii (C.K. Allen) Alain
Hispaniola. Phoebe antillana Meisn. = Cinnamomum elongatum (Nees) Kosterm.
References: 3, 7.
Phoebe antillana Meisn. var. cubensis (Nees) Meisn. = Cinnamomum
Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 269. 1825. elongatum (Nees) Kosterm.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America.
Common Name: Red bay (Bahamas). Phoebe antillana Meisn. var. genuina Meisn. = Cinnamomum
References: 45. elongatum (Nees) Kosterm.
Persea cubensis Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 51. 1864; Phoebe antillana Meisn. var. portoricensis Meisn. = Cinnamomum
Notaphoebe cubensis (Meisn.) Pax in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. elongatum (Nees) Kosterm.
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(2): 116. 1889. Phoebe cubensis Nees = Cinnamomum elongatum (Nees) Kosterm.
Phoebe hypoleuca A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Phoebe elongata (Vahl) Nees = Cinnamomum elongatum (Nees)
185. 1850; Persea hypoleuca (A. Rich.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot.
Kosterm.
Gart. Berlin 5: 174. 1889.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Phoebe falcata (Mez) Mez = Cinnamomum falcatum (Mez) R.A.
Reference: 3. Howard
Phoebe grisebachiana Mez = Cinnamomum triplinerve (Ruiz & Pav.) Common Names: Anchovy, Anchovy pear (Jamaica), Anchovy pear,
Kosterm. Pera de anchoa (Puerto Rico).
Phoebe hypoleuca A. Rich. = Persea cubensis Meisn.
Gustavia antillana Miers = Gustavia augusta L.
Phoebe montana (Sw.) Griseb. = Cinnamomum montanum (Sw.) J. Presl
Gustavia augusta L., Pl. Surin. 17. 1775.
Phoebe parviflora Nees = Cinnamomum parviflorum (Nees) Kosterm.
Gustavia antillana Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 179. 1874.
Phoebe triplinervis (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. = Cinnamomum triplinerve Japarandiba antillana (Miers) Nied. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl,
(Ruiz & Pav.) Kosterm. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(7): 37. 1892.
Phoebe valenzuelana A. Rich. = Cinnamomum triplinerve (Ruiz & Pav.) Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique, St.
Kosterm. Vincent); native to South America.
References: 1, 96.
Strychnodaphne floribunda (Sw.) Griseb. = Ocotea floribunda (Sw.)
Mez Japarandiba antillana (Miers) Nied. = Gustavia augusta L.
Symphysodaphne cubensis A. Rich. = Licaria triandra (Sw.) Kosterm. Mammea asiatica L. = Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz
Synandrodaphne antillana Meisn. = Ocotea staminea (Griseb.) Mez Napoleonaea imperialis P. Beauv., Fl. Oware 2: 30. 1810.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico.
EXCLUDED SPECIES Reference: 254.
Endlicheria villosa Mez (Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 129. 1889),
a synonym of E. multiflora (Miq.) Mez, was described from
material mistaken as having Jamaican origin, however this species Leguminosae (Fabaceae)
is strictly South American. Caesalpinoideae and Faboideae by Gwilym P. Lewis and
Reference: 498. P. Acevedo-Rodríguez
Mimosoideae by P. Acevedo-Rodríguez
Lecythidaceae Genera. Total: 149; native: 93; endemic: 7.

Taxa. Total: 6; native: 1; endemic: 0. Abarema abbottii (Rose & Leonard) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem.
New York Bot. Gard. 74(1): 105. 1996; Pithecellobium abbottii
Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. A. 65. Rose & Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 254. 1927; Jupunba
1875; Mammea asiatica L., Sp. Pl. 512. 1753. abbottii (Rose & Leonard) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2):
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, 27. 1928. Type: Hispaniola, Dominican Republic, Abbott 2258
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, (Holotype: US, Isotypes: NY, US).
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Vincent). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Names: Árbol del seminario, Calmante, Coco de cofresí References: 7, 114, 156, 427.
(Dominican Republic), Birrete de arzobispo, Bonete de arzobispo Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
(Haiti), Arbre à barrette, Bishop’s cap, Bonnet d’éveque, Bonnet de Species.
prêtre, Mitre’s cap, Pain tree (Lesser Antilles), Almendrota, Bonete
Abarema alexandri (Urb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New York
de arzobispo, Coco de mar, Mudilla (Puerto Rico).
Bot. Gard. 74(1): 101. 1996, var. alexandri; Pithecellobium
References: 1, 4, 7, 58, 123, 131, 228, 383.
alexandri Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 358. 1908; Jupunba alexandri
Barringtonia speciosa J.R. Forst. & G. Forst., Char. Gen. Pl., ed. 2, 76. (Urb.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 24. 1928;
1776. Pithecellobium jupunba (Willd.) Urb. var. alexandri Urb., Symb.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola. Antill. 2: 258. 1900. Type: Jamaica, Alexander s.n. (Holotype:
Common Names: Barringtonia, Tagua (Cuba). B †) (neotype: Prior s.n., Holotype: GOET, Isotypes: K, NY).
References: 5, 132. Pithecellobium alexandri Urb. var. intermedium Urb., Symb. Antill. 5:
Couroupita antillana Miers = Couroupita guianensis Aubl. 359. 1908.
Couroupita guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 708. 1775. References: 2, 30, 114, 149, 156.
Couroupita antillana Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 191. 1874.
Couroupita saintcroixiana R. Knuth, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 35: Abarema alexandri (Urb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes var. troyana (Urb.)
341. 1934. Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(1): 103.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, 1996; Pithecellobium alexandri Urb. var. troyanum Urb., Symb.
Virgin Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Antill. 5: 359. 1908. Type: Jamaica, Harris 8960 (Lectotype: NY,
Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), and United States Isolectotype: F, NY).
(FL); native to northern South America. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Common Names: Bala de canon, Mangostán (Cuba), Bala de canon, References: 2, 30, 114, 149.
Muco (Dominican Republic), Bala de cañón, Cannon-ball tree Abarema asplenifolia (Griseb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New
(Puerto Rico). York Bot. Gard. 74(1): 97. 1996; Pithecellobium asplenifolium
References: 1, 5, 7, 58, 61, 97, 123, 131, 132, 231, 301, 383. Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 83. 1866; Feuilleea asplenifolia (Griseb.)
Couroupita saintcroixiana R. Knuth = Couroupita guianensis Aubl. Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 187. 1891; Jupunba asplenifolia
(Griseb.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 27. 1928. Type:
Grias cauliflora L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1075. 1759. Cuba, Wright 2403 (Holotype: GOET ?, Isotypes: G, GH, K, P).
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Central America, and South America; Pithecellobium asplenifolium Griseb. subsp. mayarense Borhidi, Acta
apparently cultivated in Puerto Rico. Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 298. 1977 [“1976”].
number 9 8 • 393
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Pithecellobium trinitense Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 7. 1914;
References: 3, 114, 175. Jupunba trinitensis (Britton) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1):
28. 1928.
Abarema glauca (Urb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 74(1): 98. 1996; Pithecellobium glaucum Urb., Symb.
Hispaniola.
Antill. 7: 227. 1912; Jupunba glauca (Urb.) Britton & Rose, N.
Common Name: Caracolí (Dominican Republic).
Amer. Fl. 23(1): 25. 1928. Type: Hispaniola, Dominican Republic,
References: 3, 5, 7, 114, 123, 156, 175.
Fuertes 183 (Lectotype: NY, Isolectotype: G, US).
Jupunba discolor (Britton) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 25. Abrus abrus (L.) W. Wight = Abrus precatorius L.
1928; Pithecellobium discolor Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: Abrus precatorius L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 472. 1767.
4. 1914. Abrus abrus (L.) W. Wight, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 9: 171. 1905;
Jupunba savannarum (Britton) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 25. Glycine abrus L., Sp. Pl. 753. 1753.
1928; Pithecellobium savannarum Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
41: 4. 1914. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, and Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda),
Hispaniola. Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada,
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 39, 45, 114, 156, 175, 427. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Bonaire,
Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Curaçao, Margarita, Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central
Abarema jupunba (Willd.) Britton & Killip, Ann. New York Acad. America, and South America; native to Africa, Asia, Malesia,
Sci. 35: 126. 1936, var. jupunba; Acacia jupunba Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: Australia, and Pacific Region.
1067. 1806; Pithecellobium jupunba (Willd.) Urb., Symb. Antill. Common Names: Black-eyed susan, Crab’s eyes (Bahamas), Jequirity,
2: 257. 1900. Type: Brazil, Sieber 44 (Holotype: B). Peonía, Peonía de San Tomas (Cuba), Ojo de cangrejo, Peonía,
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Peronia, Peronila (Dominican Republic), Cain ghe, Graines réglisse
Guadeloupe, St. Lucia, St. Vincent) and South America. rouges et noires, Liane réglisse, Jéquerit, Jequerity, Pois rouge,
References: 1, 30, 114, 301. Quinquet, Réglisse d’Amérique, Réglisse (Haiti), Crab’s eyes, Red
bead vine, Wild liquorice (Jamaica), Crab’s eye, Gwen léglise,
Abarema maestrensis (Urb.) Bässler, Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A. Pl. Vasc. 2:
Jumbie bean, Liquorice plant, Wire wiss (Lesser Antilles), Ojos de
121. 1998; Pithecellobium maestrense Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 433.
cangrejo, Peronía (Puerto Rico), Crab’s eyes, Jumbee bead, Wild
1928.
licorice (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132,
References: 3, 30, 39, 175.
224, 301, 323, 340.
Cuba (39).
Acacia acuifera Benth. = Vachellia acuifera (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger
Abarema nipensis (Britton) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 74(1): 104. 1996; Pithecellobium nipense Britton, Bull. Acacia ambigua Vogel = Senegalia vogeliana (Steud.) Britton & Rose
Torrey Bot. Club 41: 6. 1914; Jupunba nipensis (Britton) Britton Acacia anegadensis Britton = Vachellia anegadensis (Britton) Seigler &
& Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 28. 1928. Type: Cuba, Shafer 3220 Ebinger
(Holotype: NY, Isotype: US).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Acacia angustiloba DC. = Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg.
References: 3, 114, 156, 175. Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze = Acaciella angustissima (Mill.)
Abarema obovalis (A. Rich.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New Britton & Rose var. angustissima
York Bot. Gard. 74(1): 99. 1996; Inga obovalis A. Rich. in R. Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. = Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter &
de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 472. 1845; Feuilleea Mabb.
obovalis (A. Rich.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 188. 1891; Jupunba
Acacia arborea (L.) Willd. = Cojoba arborea (L.) Britton & Rose
obovalis (A. Rich.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 26. 1928;
Pithecellobium obovale (A. Rich.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Acacia arenosa Willd. = Mimosa arenosa (Willd.) Poir. var. arenosa
Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 407. 1869. Type: Cuba Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 377. 1842.
(Holotype: P-Rich.). Acacia moniliformis Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen 19:
Calliandra revoluta Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 83. 1866. 136. 1874.
Jupunba pinetorum (Britton) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 26. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas; native to tropical Asia, Malesia, and
1928; Pithecellobium pinetorum Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club Australia.
41: 6. 1914. References: 45, 151, 158, 159, 216.
Jupunba truncata (Britton) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 26.
1928; Pithecellobium truncatum Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club Acacia bahamensis (Benth.) Griseb. = Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth.
41: 5. 1914 Acacia barahonensis Urb. & Ekman = Vachellia barahonensis (Urb. &
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Ekman) Seigler & Ebinger
Hispaniola.
Acacia belairioides Urb. = Vachellia belairioides (Urb.) Seigler & Ebinger
Common Name: Roble Blanco (Cuba [Is. Pinos]).
References: 3, 7, 114, 132, 156, 175. Acacia berteroana Balb. ex DC. = Albizia berteroana (Balb. ex DC.)
Fawc. & Rendle
Abarema oppositifolia (Urb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 74(1): 103. 1996; Pithecellobium oppositifolium Urb., Acacia berteroana sensu Bello = Cojoba arborea (L.) Britton & Rose
Symb. Antill. 2: 258. 1900; Jupunba oppositifolia (Urb.) Britton Acacia bucheri Vict. = Vachellia bucheri (Vict.) Seigler & Ebinger
& Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 28. 1928. Type: Hispaniola, Haiti,
Picarda 1024 (Holotype: B †), neo: Leonard 4327 (US). Acacia carbonaria Schltdl. = Acaciella villosa (Sw.) Britton & Rose
Acacia caurina Barneby & Zanoni = Vachellia caurina (Barneby & Acacia laeta R. Br. ex Benth. = Senegalia laeta R. Br. ex Benth.) Siegler
Zanoni) Seigler & Ebinger & Ebinger
Acacia choriophylla Benth. = Vachellia choriophylla (Benth.) Seigler & Acacia latisiliqua (L.) Willd. = Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth.
Ebinger Acacia latisiliqua (L.) Willd. var. paucifoliola DC. = Lysiloma sabicu
Acacia confusa Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 5: 27. 1910; Racosperma Benth.
confusum (Merr.) Pedley, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 92: 248. 1986. Acacia lebbeck (L.) Willd. = Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Asia and Malesia.
Common Name: Acacia de formosa (Dominican Republic). Acacia lentiscifolia A. Rich. = Chloroleucon mangense (Jacq.) Britton
References: 123, 159. & Rose var. lentiscifolium (A. Rich.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Acacia cornigera (L.) Willd. = Vachellia cornigera (L.) Seigler & Ebinger Acacia leptosperma Bello = Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd.
Acacia cowellii (Britton & Rose) León = Vachellia macracantha (Humb. Acacia leucocephala sensu Spreng. = Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.)
& Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger H.M. Hern. subsp. portoricensis
Acacia cubensis Schenk = Vachellia cornigera (L.) Seigler & Ebinger Acacia littoralis A. Rich. = Albizia berteroana (Balb. ex DC.) Fawc. &
Rendle
Acacia cucuyo Barneby & Zanoni = Vachellia cucuyo (Barneby &
Zanoni) Seigler & Ebinger Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1052. 1806; Racosperma
longifolium (Andrews) Pedley, Austrobaileya 6: 474. 2003;
Acacia cupeyensis León = Vachellia polypyrigenes (Grenm.) Siegler & Mimosa longifolia Andrews, Bot. Rep. 8: t. 207. 1808.
Ebinger Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Australia.
Acacia curassavica (Britton & Killip) Stehlé = Acaciella glauca (L.) References: 7, 216.
L. Rico Note: An invasive species.
Acacia curbeloi León = Vachellia polypyrigenes (Grenm.) Siegler & Acacia lutea (Mill.) Britton = Vachellia macracantha (Humb. & Bonpl.
Ebinger ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger
Acacia daemon Ekman & Urb. = Vachellia daemon (Ekman & Urb.) Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = Vachellia
Seigler & Ebinger macracantha (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger
Acacia decurrens Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1072. 1806; Racosperma decurrens Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. var. glabra Kitan. =
(Willd.) Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 358. 1987. Vachellia macracantha (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler &
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands; Ebinger
native to Australia. Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. var. glabrescens Griseb.
Common Names: Aromo negro (Puerto Rico), Black wattle (Virgin = Vachellia macracantha (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler &
Islands). Ebinger
References: 7, 61, 131, 159, 216.
Acacia macranthoides Bertero ex DC. = Vachellia macracantha (Humb.
Acacia diversifolia Schltdl. = Leucaena diversifolia (Schltdl.) Benth. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger
Acacia domingensis Bertero ex DC. = Mimosa domingensis (Bertero ex Acacia malacocentra Mart. = Mimosa arenosa (Willd. ) Poir. var.
DC.) Benth. arenosa
Acacia elongata Sieber ex DC., Prodr. 2: 451. 1825; Racosperma Acacia mangium Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1053. 1806; Racosperma mangium
elongatum (Sieber ex DC.) Pedley, Austrobaileya 6: 463. 2003. (Willd.) Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 352. 1987.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Australia. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Trinidad; native to
References: 7, 159. Australia.
Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. = Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. Common Names: Acacia, Acacia mangium, Mangio, Mangium
Acacia ferox M. Martens & Galeotti = Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight
References: 123, 252, 383.
& Arn.
Acacia martinicensis C. Presl = Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britton. var.
Acacia formosa Kunth = Zapoteca formosa (Kunth) H.M. Hern. subsp.
tenuifolia
formosa
Acacia maschalocephala Griseb. = Senegalia maschalocephala (Griseb.)
Acacia formosa sensu A. Rich. = Lysiloma sabicu Benth.
Britton & Rose
Acacia glauca (L.) Moench = Acaciella glauca (L.) L. Rico
Acacia mearnsii De Wild., Pl. Bequaert. 3: 61. 1925; Racosperma
Acacia glauca Willd. = Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit subsp. mearnsii (De Wild.) Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 358. 1987.
leucocephala Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Australia.
Acacia guadalupensis DC. = Senegalia westiana (DC.) Britton & Rose Common Name: Black wattle (Jamaica).
Acacia haematomma Bertero ex DC. = Calliandra haematomma
(Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. haematomma Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 5: 462.
1813; Racosperma melanoxylon (R. Br.) Pedley, Bot. J. Linn. Soc.
Acacia haematostoma Bertero ex Spreng. = Calliandra haematomma 92: 240. 1986.
(Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. haematomma Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Australia.
Acacia insularis A. Rich. = Neptunia pubescens Benth. var. pubescens Common Names: Madera prieta, Black wood acacia (Puerto Rico).
References: 131.
Acacia jupunba Willd. = Abarema jupunba (Willd.) Britton & Killip
var. jupunba Acacia micrantha Benth. = Senegalia micrantha Briton & Rose
number 9 8 • 395
Acacia microcephala Macfad. = Vachellia macracantha (Humb. & Acacia tamarindifolia (L.) Willd. = Senegalia tamarindifolia (L.) Britton
Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger & Rose
Acacia microcephala A. Rich. = Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britton. var. Acacia tenuifolia (L.) Willd. = Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britton var.
tenuifolia tenuifolia
Acacia moniliformis Griseb. = Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. Acacia tortuosa (L.) Willd. = Vachellia tortuosa (L.) Seigler & Ebinger
Acacia muricata (L.) Willd. = Senegalia muricata (L.) Britton & Rose Acacia valenzuelana A. Rich. = Acaciella villosa (Sw.) Britton & Rose
Acacia neriifolia A. Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 357. Acacia vincentis (Benth.) Griseb. = Chloroleucon mangense (Jacq.)
1842; Racosperma neriifolium (A. Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, Britton & Rose var. vicentis (Benth.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Austrobaileya 2: 353. 1987. Type: Australia. Acacia villosa (Sw.) Willd. = Acaciella villosa (Sw.) Britton & Rose
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Australia.
References: 7, 159. Acacia vogeliana Steud. = Senegalia vogeliana (Steud.) Britton & Rose
Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile = Vachelia nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Acacia westiana DC. = Senegalia westiana (DC.) Britton & Rose
Hurter & Mabb. Acacia zapatensis Urb. & Ekman = Vachellia zapatensis (Urb. &
Acacia nudiflora Willd. = Senegalia muricata (L.) Britton & Rose Ekman) Seigler & Ebinger
Acacia oviedoensis R.G. García & M.M. Mejía = Vachellia oviedoensis Acaciella angustissima (Mill.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 100.
(R.G. García & M.M. Mejía) Seigler & Ebinger 1928, var. angustissima; Mimosa angustissima Mill., Gard. Dict.,
ed. 8. 1768; Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.
Acacia paniculata Willd. = Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britton var. tenuifolia 3(2): 47. 1898; Senegalia angustissima (Mill.) Pedley, Bot. J. Linn.
Acacia parviflora Little = Senegalia micrantha Britton & Rose Soc. 92: 238. 1986. Type: Mexico.
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola; native to Mexico and Central
Acacia pauciflora A. Rich. = Calliandra pauciflora (A. Rich.) Griseb.
America.
Acacia pilosa Bertero ex DC. = Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex References: 149, 152, 159, 394.
DC.) Benth. var. glabrata Griseb.
Acaciella carbonaria (Schltdl.) Britton & Rose = Acaciella villosa (Sw.)
Acacia polyacantha Willd. = Senegalia polyacantha (Willd.) Siegler & Britton & Rose
Ebinger
Acaciella curassavica Britton & Killip ex Killip = Acaciella glauca (L.)
Acacia polypyrigenes Greenm. ex Combs = Vachellia polypyrigenes L. Rico
(Greenm. ex Combs) Seigler & Ebinger
Acaciella glauca (L.) L. Rico, Anal. Jard. Bot. Madrid 63(2): 210.
Acacia portoricensis (Jacq.) Willd. = Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.) 2006; Mimosa glauca L., Sp. Pl. 520. 1753; Acacia glauca (L.)
H.M. Hern. subsp. portoricensis Moench, Methodus 466. 1794.
Acacia propinqua A. Rich. = Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Acacia curassavica (Britton & Killip) Stehlé, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
(Paris), ser. 2, 18: 191. 1946; Acaciella curassavica Britton &
Acacia retusa (Jacq.) R.A. Howard = Senegalia westiana (DC.) Britton Killip in E.P. Killip, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24: 47. 1934.
& Rose Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe,
Acacia riparia sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Senegalia westiana (DC.) Martinique, Montserrat, St. Vincent), Bonaire, Curaçao, and
Britton & Rose Venezuela.
Common Names: Amourette, Redwood (Lesser Antilles).
Acacia roigii León = Vachellia roigii (León) Seigler & Ebinger
References: 1, 3, 149, 175, 394.
Acacia rugata (Lam.) Buch.-Ham. ex Fawc. & Rendle = Senegalia
Acaciella valenzuelana (A. Rich.) Britton = Acaciella villosa (Sw.)
rugata (Lam.) Britton & Rose
Britton & Rose
Acacia sarmentosa sensu Combs = Albizia berteroana (Balb. ex DC.)
Acaciella villosa (Sw.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 104. 1928;
Fawc. & Rendle
Acacia villosa (Sw.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1067. 1806; Mimosa villosa
Acacia sarmentosa sensu Griseb. = Senegalia westiana (DC.) Britton & Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2(2): 982. 1800.
Rose Acacia carbonaria Schltdl., Linnaea 12: 571. 1838; Acaciella carbonaria
Acacia scleroxyla Tussac = Senegalia angustifolia (Lam.) Britton & Rose (Schltdl.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 98. 1928.
Acacia valenzuelana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Acacia seifriziana León = Vachellia toruosa (L.) Seigler & Ebinger Vasc. 462. 1845; Acaciella valenzuelana (A. Rich.) Britton, N.
Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. = Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton Amer. Fl. 23(2): 104. 1928.
Acacia spadicigera Schltdl. & Cham. = Vachellia cornigera (L.) Seigler
America, presumably introduced in Cuba.
& Ebinger
References: 1, 3, 175, 394, 427.
Acacia speciosa (Jacq.) Willd. = Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Acacia spirorbis Labill., Sert. Austro-Caledon. 69. 1825; Racosperma Species.
spirorbe (Labill.) Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 355. 1987. Acuan bahamense Britton & Rose = Desmanthus pernambucanus (L.)
Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands; native to New Caledonia. Thell.
Reference: 158.
Acuan depressa (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kuntze = Desmanthus
Acacia subinermis Bertero ex DC. = Vachellia macracantha (Humb. & virgatus (L.) Willd.
Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger
Acuan guadeloupense Britton & Rose = Desmanthus leptophyllus Kunth
Acacia suma (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Voigt = Senegalia polyacantha
Acuan insulare Britton & Rose = Desmanthus leptophyllus Kunth
(Willd.) Siegler & Ebinger
Acuan virgatum (L.) Medik. = Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. Aeschynomene brasiliana (Poir.) DC., Prodr. 2: 322. 1825, var.
brasiliana; Hedysarum brasilianum Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de
Adenanthera microsperma Teijsm. & Binn., Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-
Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 448. 1805. Type: Brazil.
Indië. 27: 58. 1864.
Aeschynomene biflora (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 4: 27. 1920.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica and Lesser Antilles; native to Asia and
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico,
Malesia.
Reference: 254.
References: 2, 3, 7, 12, 139, 301.
Adenanthera pavonina L., Sp. Pl. 384. 1753.
Aeschynomene ciliata Vogel, Linnaea 12: 84. 1838. Syntypes: Brazil.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas,
America.
References: 2, 139.
Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Aeschynomene elegans Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 5: 583. 1830. Type:
Margarita, and United States (FL); native to Asia, Malesia, Mexico.
Australia, and Pacific Region. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America, and
Common Names: Red sandalwood tree (Bahamas), Coral, Coralillo, South America.
Coralín, Coralitos (Cuba), Coralitos, Delicia, Peonía, Peonía References: 7, 139.
extranjera (Dominican Republic), Deleite (Haiti), Circassian Aeschynomene emerus Aubl. = Sesbania emerus (Aubl.) Urb.
seed, Red bead tree (Jamaica), Arbre à église, Corail végétal,
Dilmawi, Graine-réglisse, Graine rouge, Jumbi bead, L’église, Red Aeschynomene evenia C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
sandalwood (Lesser Antilles), Coralitos, Mato colorado, Palo de Méd. Habana 5: 334. 1869, var. evenia. Type: Cuba, Wright 3531
mato, Peronías chatas (Puerto Rico), Circassian bean, Coquelicot (Isotypes: GH, US).
(Virgin Islands). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 175, (St. Lucia), North America, Mexico, Central America, and South
224, 252, 323, 340, 383. America; reported for Puerto Rico.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 58, 139.
Adipera bicapsularis (L.) Britton & P. Wilson = Senna bicapsularis (L.) Aeschynomene evenia C. Wright var. serrulata Rudd, Contr. U.S. Natl.
Roxb. var. bicapsularis Herb. 32: 61. 1955. Type: Venezuela.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), South America, and
Adipera laevigata (Willd.) Britton & P. Wilson = Senna septemtrionalis United States (TX).
(Viv.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Reference: 139.
Adipera mexicana (Jacq.) Britton & Rose = Senna mexicana (Jacq.) Aeschynomene filosa Mart. ex Benth. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras.
H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. mexicana 15(1): 61. 1859. Type: Brazil.
Adipera stahlii (Urb.) Britton & P. Wilson = Senna pendula (Humb. & Distribution: Native to Cuba, Belize, and South America.
Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. stahlii (Urb.) H.S. References: 3, 12, 39, 139.
Irwin & Barneby Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Aeschynomene americana L., Sp. Pl. 713. 1753.
Aeschynomene americana L. var. glandulosa (Poir.) Rudd, Contr. U.S. Aeschynomene fistulosa Bello = Aeschynomene sensitiva Sw. var. sensitiva
Natl. Herb. 32: 26. 1955; Aeschynomene glandulosa Poir. in Aeschynomene fluminensis Vell., Fl. Flumin. 310. 1829 [“1825”] var.
J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 4: 76. 1816. Type: Puerto fluminensis. Type: Brazil.
Rico, Ledrú s.n. (P?). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and South America.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, References: 3, 7, 12, 139.
Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Aeschynomene fluminensis Vell. var. tuberculata (Griseb.) Rudd, Contr.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), U.S. Natl. Herb. 32: 40. 1955; Aeschynomene tuberculata Griseb.,
Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, North America, Mexico, Central Cat. Pl. Cub. 72. 1866. Type: Cuba, Wright 2305 (Isotypes: GH,
America, and South America. MO, NY, US).
Common Names: Adormidera cimarrona, Dormidera cimarrona, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Pega-pega, Tamarindillo, Yerba lechera (Cuba), Tamarindillo References: 3, 12, 139, 156.
(Dominican Republic), Ronte (Haiti), Bastard sensitive plant Aeschynomene glandulosa Poir. = Aeschynomene americana L.
(Jamaica), Moriviví bobo, Yerba rosario (Puerto Rico).
Aeschynomene glandulosa sensu Bello = Aeschynomene villosa Poir. var.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 19, 40, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 139, 149,
villosa
301, 323.
Aeschynomene grandiflora (L.) L. = Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers.
Aeschynomene americana L. var. glandulosa (Poir.) Rudd =
Aeschynomene americana L. Aeschynomene indica L., Sp. Pl. 713. 1753. Type: India.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Africa, Asia, and Malesia.
Aeschynomene americana L. var. villosa (Poir.) Urb. = Aeschynomene
villosa Poir. var. villosa
Aeschynomene pleuronervia DC., Prodr. 2: 321. 1825. Type:
Aeschynomene aristata Jacq. = Pictetia aculeata (Vahl) Urb.
Dominican Republic, Bertero s.n. (Holotype: MO ?).
Aeschynomene aurea Leonard = Aeschynomene pleuronervia DC. Aeschynomene aurea Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 67. 1927.
Aeschynomene biflora (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle = Aeschynomene Smithia domingensis Balb. ex DC., Prodr. 2: 321. 1825.
brasiliana (Poir.) DC. var. brasiliana Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 5, 7, 139, 158.
Aeschynomene bispinosa Jacq. = Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. F. Wight
number 9 8 • 397
Aeschynomene portoricensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 325. 1899. Type: Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Mexico and Central
Puerto Rico, Sintenis 6657 & 4889 America.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. References: 6, 58, 252, 411.
References: 6, 58, 61, 139.
Albizia berteroana (Balb. ex DC.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 4:
Aeschynomene pratensis Small var. caribaea Rudd, Contr. U.S. Natl. 145. 1920; Acacia berteroana Balb. ex DC., Prodr. 2: 470. 1825;
Herb. 32: 47. 1955. Type: Cuba, Curtis 300 (Isotypes: CH, GH, Albizia berteroana (Balb. ex DC.) M. Gómez, Dicc. Bot. Nombres
MO, NY). Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riq. 10. 1889, nom. inval.; Cathormion
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Central America, and South berteroanum (Balb. ex DC.) Burkart, Darwiniana 13: 447. 1964;
America. Feuilleea berteroana (Balb. ex DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 184.
References: 7, 12, 139. 1891; Pithecellobium berteroanum (Balb. ex DC.) Benth., London
Aeschynomene rudis Benth., Pl. Hartw. 116. 1843. Type: Ecuador. J. Bot. 3: 220. 1844; Pseudalbizzia berteroana (Balb. ex DC.)
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, North America, Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 48. 1928. Type: Hispaniola,
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Dominican Republic, Bertero s.n. (Holotype: G-DC).
References: 2, 3, 6, 12, 58, 139, 158. Acacia littoralis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc.
467. 1845.
Aeschynomene sensitiva Sw., Prodr. 107. 1788, var. sensitiva Acacia sarmentosa sensu Combs, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 7: 418.
Aeschynomene fistulosa Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 259. 1881. 1897, non Desv.
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Inga fragrans Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 309. 1837; Pithecellobium
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser fragrans (Macfad.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 220. 1844.
Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central and Jamaica.
America, South America, and Old World. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 39, 114, 175, 427.
Common Names: Dormidera, Guandulito, Tamarindillo (Dominican Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Republic), Moriviví bobo, Yerba rosario (Puerto Rico). Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 40, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 139, 301. Species.
Aeschynomene sesban L. = Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. Albizia berteroana (Balb. ex DC.) M. Gómez = Albizia berteroana
Aeschynomene tenuis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 72. 1866. Type: Cuba, (Balb. ex DC.) Fawc. & Rendle
Wright 2306 (Isotypes: GH, MO, NY, US). Albizia carbonaria Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 348. 1926; Pithecellobium carbonarium
References: 3, 12, 139, 156. (Britton) C.J. Niezgoda & L.I. Nevling, Phytologia 44: 310. 1979.
Aeschynomene tuberculata Griseb. = Aeschynomene fluminensis Vell. Type: Puerto Rico (Cult.), Bates s.n. (Holotype: NY).
var. tuberculata (Griseb.) Rudd Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Central
America; native to South America.
Aeschynomene villosa Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl.
Common Names: Guama americana (Dominican Republic), Carbonero
Suppl. 4: 76. 1816 var. villosa. Type: Puerto Rico, Ledrú (P?);
(Puerto Rico).
Aeschynomene americana L. var. villosa (Poir.) Urb., Symb. Antill.
References: 7, 61, 114, 156, 252, 382, 411.
4: 288. 1905.
Aeschynomene glandulosa sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: Albizia caribaea (Urb.) Britton & Rose = Albizia niopoides (Spruce ex
259. 1881, non Poir. Benth.) Burkart, var. niopoides
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Albizia cubana Britton & P. Wilson ex Britton & Rose =
Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts), North Pseudosamanea cubana (Britton & P. Wilson ex Britton & Rose)
America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Common Names: Pega-pega (Cuba), Dormidera, Guandulito,
Tamarindillo (Dominican Republic). Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosberg = Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby
References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, 19, 58, 123, 139. & J.W. Grimes
Aeschynomene virginica (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., Prelim. Cat. Albizia julibrissin Durazz., Mag. Tosc. 3(4): 11. 1772.
13. 1888; Hedysarum virginicum L., Sp. Pl. 750. 1753. Type: Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica and North America; native to Asia.
United States. References: 2, 114.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, Mexico, Central Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 87. 1844; Mimosa lebbeck
America, and South America. L., Sp. Pl. 516. 1753; Acacia lebbeck (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1066.
References: 3, 12, 39, 139. 1806; Feuilleea lebbeck (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 184. 1891.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Acacia speciosa (Jacq.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1066. 1806; Mimosa speciosa
Cuba (39). Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 19. 1781.
Aeschynomene viscidula Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 74. 1803. Type: Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
United States. Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola),
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Lucia), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica,
Curaçao, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Eustatius,
America. St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
References: 1, 3, 12, 139. Margarita, Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central America,
and South America; probably native to Asia.
Agati grandiflora (L.) Desv. = Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. Common Names: Whistling-bean, Woman’s-tongue tree (Bahamas),
Albizia adinocephala (Donn. Sm.) Britton & Rose, Trop. Woods 10: Algarrobo de olor, Aroma francesa, Cabellos de ángel, Faurestina,
22. 1927; Pithecellobium adinocephalum Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. Forestina, Marabú, Músico (Cuba), Acasia, Chachá, Lengua de
57: 419. 1914. suegra, Músico (Dominican Republic), Bois noir, Bois saane, Bois
savane, Cha-cha, Tcha-tcha, Tchia-tchia, Tia-tia (Haiti), Woman’s Acacia angustiloba DC., Prodr. 2: 470. 1825.
tongue tree (Jamaica), Woman’s tongue, Bois noir, Langue-à-vie- Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
femme, Shack-shack, Vieille fille (Lesser Antilles), Acacia amarilla, (Dominica, Grenada, Martinique, St. Vincent), and South
Amor platónico, Aroma, Lengua de mujer, Lengua viperina (Puerto America.
Rico), Siris tree, Thibet tree, Women’s tongue (Virgin Islands). Common Names: Cojoba, Cojobilla (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 75, 114, 123, 131, 132, 159, References: 1, 5, 7, 58, 75, 158, 301.
224, 252, 323, 382, 383, 411. Andira cubensis Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4 (Suppl.): 121. 1860;
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Vouacapoua cubensis (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 212.
Albizia leonardii Britton & Rose ex Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. 1891. Type: Cuba, Linden 2160 (Holotype: K, Isotypes: G, K, NY).
New York Bot. Gard. 74(1): 216. 1996. Type: Hispaniola, Haiti, Andira microcarpa Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 179. 1860.
Leonard 7490 (Holotype: US). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. References: 3, 46, 151, 156.
References: 114, 149, 427. Andira inermis (W. Wright) DC., Prodr. 2: 475. 1825; Geoffroea
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. inermis W. Wright, London Med. J. 8: 256. 1787. Type: Jamaica,
Albizia moluccana Miq. = Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & Wright s.n. (Holotype: BM).
J. W. Grimes Andira jamaicensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 298. 1905.
Andira sapindoides (DC.) Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4 (Suppl.):
Albizia niopoides (Spruce ex Benth.) Burkart, Legum. Argent, ed. 2,
123. 1860; Pterocarpus sapindoides DC., Prodr. 2: 419. 1825.
542. 1952, var. niopoides; Pithecellobium niopoides Spruce ex
Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 591. 1875. Type: Brazil,
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser
Spruce 1088 (Lectotype: K).
Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Pithecellobium caribaeum Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 260. 1900; Albizia
Montserrat, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad,
caribaea (Urb.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 44. 1928.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Common Names: Mata becerro, Palo de burro, Palo de maco, Palo
Montserrat, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico,
maco (Dominican Republic), Bois palmiste, Pois palmiste (Haiti),
Angelin, Cabbage bark tree (Jamaica), Anndjélinn, Caconnier
References: 1, 30, 114, 151, 159, 323, 411.
rouge, Dédéfouden, Jumbie bead, L’angelin, Sarinette, West Indian
Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 89. 1844; Mimosa walnut (Lesser Antilles), Angelin, Moca (Lesser Antilles, Puerto
procera Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 2: 12. 1799. Rico).
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 19, 46, 58, 61, 123, 131.
Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles, and North America; native
Andira jamaicensis Urb. = Andira inermis (W. Wright) DC.
to Asia, Malesia, and Australia.
Common Names: Carbonero (Dominican Republic), Albicia (Puerto Andira microcarpa Griseb. = Andira cubensis Benth.
Rico), Tall albizzia, White siris (Virgin Islands). Andira sapindoides (DC.) Benth. = Andira inermis (W. Wright) DC.
References: 6, 7, 58, 61, 114, 252, 383.
Anila tinctoria Kuntze var. vera Kuntze = Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Albizia saman (Jacq.) F. Muell. = Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.
Anneslia colletioides (Griseb.) Britton = Calliandra haematomma
Algarobia glandulosa (Torr.) Torr. & A. Gray = Prosopis glandulosa (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. colletiodes (Griseb.) Barneby
Torr. var. glandulosa
Anneslia comosa (Sw.) Britton & Rose = Calliandra comosa (Sw.) Benth.
Alvesia tomentosa (L.) Britton & Rose = Bauhinia tomentosa L.
Anneslia cubensis (J.F. Macbr.) Britton & Rose = Zapoteca gracilis
Alysicarpus nummularifolius (L.) DC. = Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. (Griseb.) Bässler
Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 353. 1825; Hedysarum Anneslia enervis Britton = Calliandra enervis (Britton) Urb.
vaginale L., Sp. Pl. 746. 1753.
Hedysarum nummularifolium L., Sp. Pl. 746. 1753; Alysicarpus Anneslia formosa (Kunth) Britton & Millsp. = Zapoteca formosa
nummularifolius (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 353. 1825. (Kunth) H.M. Hern. subsp. formosa
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Anneslia grisebachii Britton & Rose = Zapoteca gracilis (Griseb.)
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Bässler
Anneslia haematocephala (Hassk.) Britton = Calliandra haematocephala
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba,
Hassk.
St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, and United States (FL); native to Anneslia haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Britton = Calliandra
Africa, Asia, Malesia, and Australia. haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. haematomma
Common Names: False moneywort (Bahamas), Maní cimarrón (Cuba), Anneslia minutifolia Britton & Rose = Calliandra haematomma
Yerba de contrabando (Puerto Rico). (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. haematomma
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 132, 150, 159, 224,
252, 301, 383. Anneslia nipensis Britton = Calliandra pauciflora (A. Rich.) Griseb.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Anneslia orientalis (Britton & Rose) León = Zapoteca formosa (Kunth)
Amerimnon brownei Jacq. = Dalbergia brownei (Jacq.) Schinz. H.M. Hern. subsp. formosa
Amerimnon ebenus (L.) Sw. = Brya ebenus (L.) DC. Anneslia pauciflora (A. Rich.) Britton & Rose = Calliandra pauciflora
(A. Rich.) Griseb.
Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg., Physis (Buenos Aires) 6: 314.
1923; Mimosa peregrina L., Sp. Pl. 520. 1753; Piptadenia Anneslia pedicellata (Benth.) Britton & Rose = Calliandra pedicellata
peregrina (L.) Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 335. 1841. Benth.
number 9 8 • 399
Anneslia pilosa (Bertero ex DC.) Britton & Rose = Calliandra Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. glabrata Griseb. References: 3, 400.
Anneslia portoricensis (Jacq.) Donn. Sm. = Zapoteca portoricensis Ateleia cubensis Griseb. var. marianensis A. Barreto = Ateleia cubensis
(Jacq.) H.M. Hern. subsp. portoricensis Griseb.
Apalatoa antillana (Urb.) Standl. = Crudia spicata (Aubl.) Willd. Ateleia cubensis Griseb. var. orientensis A. Barreto = Ateleia cubensis
Griseb.
Apalatoa spicata Aubl. = Crudia spicata (Aubl.) Willd.
Ateleia gummifera (Bertero ex DC.) D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 4: 1219. 1847;
Arachis glabrata sensu Liogier & Martorell = Arachis repens Handro
Pterocarpus gummifer Bertero ex DC., Prodr. 2: 419. 1825. Type:
Arachis hypogaea L., Sp. Pl. 741. 1753. Hispaniola: Dominican Republic, Bertero s.n. (Holotype: G-DC,
Distribution: Cultivated in the West Indies. Isotype: MO).
Common Names: Cacahuete, Cacaguate, Maní (Cuba), Cacahuetes, Ateleia tumida Mohlenbr., Webbia 17: 166. 1962.
Maní, Maní largo (Dominican Republic), Arachides, Pistache, Ateleia baracoensis A. Barreto, Fontqueria 44: 250. 1996.
Pistache des jardins, Pistache de terre, Pistachier (Haiti), Ground Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, and
nut, Peanut, Pistach (Lesser Antilles), Cacahuete, Maní (Puerto Central America.
Rico), Ground-nut, Peanut, Pindels (Virgin Islands). Common Names: Stinking-pea root (Bahamas), Bálsamo, Bálsamo
References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 224, 231. hediondo, Barbinegra, Carne de vaca, Guamá de costa,
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Guayacancillo, M. de gallina, Palo hediondo, Pico de gallo, Rala
Arachis prostrata sensu Liogier & Martorell = Arachis repens Handro de gallina (Cuba), Goma (Dominican Republic), Bois senti (Haiti).
References: 3, 5, 7, 45, 400, 427.
Arachis repens Handro, Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo 3(4): 180. 1958. Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Arachis glabrata sensu Liogier & Martorell, non Benth.
Arachis prostrata sensu Liogier & Martorell, non Benth. Ateleia microcarpa (Pers.) D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 4: 1219. 1847;
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to South America. Pterocarpus microcarpus Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 277. 1807. Type:
References: 6, 58, 252. Dominican Republic, DuPuy s.n. (Holotype: P-JU, Isotype: G-DC).
Ateleia revoluta Mohlenbr., Webbia 17: 174. 1962.
*Arcoa gonavensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 6. 1923. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Names: Azota potranca, Palo caimán (Dominican Republic).
Common Names: Tamarínde marron, Tamarinde marú, Tamarinde moi References: 7, 151.
(Haiti).
References: 5, 7, 123. Ateleia parvifoliola Mohlenbr. = Ateleia cubensis Griseb.
Arcyphyllum caribaeum (Jacq.) Elliott = Rhynchosia caribaea (Jacq.) DC. Ateleia popenoei Correll, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 261. 1981. Type:
Bahamas, Correll & Popenoe 51420 (Holotype: A, Isotypes: multi).
Arouna guianensis Aubl. = Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Aspalathus ebenus L. = Brya ebenus (L.) DC. References: 45, 400.
Ateleia acunae A. Barreto = Ateleia cubensis Griseb. Ateleia revoluta Mohlenbr. = Ateleia microcarpa (Pers.) D. Dietr.
Ateleia apetala Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 80. 1866. Type: Cuba, Wright Ateleia roigii A. Barreto = Ateleia cubensis Griseb.
2381 (Lectotype: K). Ateleia salicifolia Mohlenbr., Webbia 17: 159. 1962. Type: Cuba, Jack
Ateleia apetala Griseb. var. trinitensis A. Barreto, Fontqueria 44: 250. 6886 (Holotype: A, Isotype: NY).
Ateleia salicifolia Mohlenbr. var. pubescens A. Barreto, Fontqueria 44: References: 3, 39, 400, 427.
252. 1996. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Hispaniola. Species.
Common Name: Ciruelillo (Cuba).
References: 3, 158, 400. Ateleia salicifolia Mohlenbr. var. pubescens A. Barreto = Ateleia apetala
Griseb.
Ateleia apetala Griseb. var. trinitensis A. Barreto = Ateleia apetala
Griseb. Ateleia tumida Mohlenbr. = Ateleia gummifera (DC.) D. Dietr.
Ateleia baracoensis A. Barreto = Ateleia gummifera (Bertero ex DC.) Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benth. = Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars
D. Dietr. Barbieria pinnata (Pers.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 2: 263. 1870; Galactia pinnata
Ateleia bissei A. Barreto = Ateleia cubensis Griseb. Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 302. 1807; Clitoria pinnata (Pers.) R.H. Sm. &
G.P. Lewis, Kew Bull. 46: 320. 1991.
Ateleia cubensis Griseb., Mem. Amer. Acad. Sci. 2(8): 180. 1860. Type: Clitoria polyphylla Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 2:
Cuba, Wright 144 (Lectotype: GOET, Isolectotype: NY) 300. 1811; Barbieria polyphylla DC., Mem. Leg. 6: 242. 1825.
Ateleia parvifoliola Mohlenbr., Webbia 17: 174. 1962. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central
Ateleia acunae A. Barreto, Fontqueria 44: 247. 1996. America, and South America.
Ateleia bissei A. Barreto, Fontqueria 44: 250. 1996. Common Names: Enredadera (Cuba, Puerto Rico), Sen cimarrón
Ateleia cubensis Griseb. var. marianensis A. Barreto, Fontqueria 44: (Dominican Republic).
251. 1996. References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61, 158.
Ateleia cubensis Griseb. var. orientensis A. Barreto, Fontqueria 44: 251.
1996. Barbieria polyphylla (Poir.) DC. = Barbieria pinnata (Pers.) Baill.
Ateleia roigii A. Barreto, Fontqueria 44: 251. 1996. Barnebydendron riedelii (Tul.) J.H. Kirkbr., Sida 18: 817. 1999.
Swartzia multijuga A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba.
Vasc. 457. 1845. Reference: 254.
Bauhinia aculeata L., Sp. Pl. 374. 1753. Bauhinia jenningsii P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 463. 1916.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Mexico and Central America.
Grenada, Grenadines, St. Vincent), Trinidad and South America. Common Name: Mariposa (Cuba).
Bauhinia acuminata L., Sp. Pl. 376. 1753. Bauhinia kappleri Sagot = Bauhinia monandra Kurz
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Lesser Antilles (Dominica);
Bauhinia krugii sensu A. Stahl = Bauhinia pauletia Pers.
native to tropical Asia.
References: 1, 7. Bauhinia krugii Urb. = Bauhinia monandra Kurz
Bauhinia bauhinioides (Mart.) J. F. Macbr., Contrib. Gray Herb. 59: Bauhinia megalandra Griseb. = Bauhinia multinervia (Kunth) DC.
22. 1919; Perlebia bauhinioides Mart. in J.B. Spix & C.F.P. von Bauhinia monandra Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42(2):
Martius, Reise Bras. 1: 555. 1828. 73. 1873; Caspareopsis monandra (Kurz) Britton & Rose, N.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and South America. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 217. 1930.
References: 3, 12, 224. Bauhinia kappleri Sagot, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 6, 13: 317. 1882.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Bauhinia krugii Urb., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 3: 83. 1885.
Bauhinia blakeana Dunn, J. Bot. 46: 325. 1908. Bauhinia porrecta sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 127. 1885,
Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Croix) and Lesser Antilles non Sw.
(St. Vincent). Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto
References: 1, 230. Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba,
Bauhinia caribaea Jenn. = Bauhinia divaricata L. var. divaricata
St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and Margarita
Bauhinia coccinea (Lour.) DC. = Phanera coccinea Lour. Native of Africa.
Bauhinia cumanensis Kunth = Bauhinia glabra Jacq. Common Names: Casco de mulo, Pata de vaca (Cuba), Flamboyán
chino, Flamboyán cubano, Flamboyán extranjero, Huella de
Bauhinia dipetala Hemsl., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. 48. 1880. vaca, Orquídea de pobre, Palo de vaca, Pata de vaca, Semirubia
Distribution: Native to Cuba and Mexico. (Dominican Republic), Caractère des hommes, Deux jumelles,
Common Names: Bauhinia, Baujinia (Cuba). Flamboyant étranger, Jumelle, Les deux jumelles (Haiti),
References: 3, 12, 224. Napoleon’s cocked hat (Lesser Antilles), Alas de angel, Baujinia,
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Flamboyán blanco, Mariposa, Seplina, Varital (Puerto Rico),
Bauhinia divaricata L., Sp. Pl. 374. 1753, var. divaricata Napoleon’s plume, Variable (Virgin Islands).
Bauhinia caribaea Jenn., Ann. Carnegie Mus. 11: 127. 1917. References: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 224, 231.
Casparea aurita Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 213. 1860. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Bauhinia multinervia (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 2: 515. 1825; Pauletia
Lesser Antilles (St. Kitts), North America, Mexico, and Central multinervia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland &
America. C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 316. 1824.
Common Names: Guacacoa, Majagüilla, Pata de vaca (Cuba), Bauhinia megalandra Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 213. 1860.
Callegue, Calleque, Huella de chivo, Pata de chivo, Pie de chivo Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe,
(Dominican Republic), Bois caleçon, Bois petit caleçon, Bois ti- Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, and South
caleçon, Collègue, Collègue matouri, Matourin, Petit caleçon, Petit America; exotic in Puerto Rico.
cançon, Ti-caleçon (Haiti). Common Names: Mountain ebony, Petit flamboyant (Lesser Antilles).
Bauhinia divaricata L. var. angustiloba Ekman ex Urb., Ark. Bot. Bauhinia pauletia Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 455. 1805.
24A(4): 8. 1931. Bauhinia krugii sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 128. 1885,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. non Urb. 1885.
Reference: 7. Pauletia aculeata Cav., Icon. 5: 6. 1799.
Bauhinia galpinii N.E. Br., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 20: t. 1994. 1891. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Mexico, Central America,
Bauhinia punctata G.J. Burch ex Benth. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. Trinidad, and South America.
15(2): 211. 1870. Common Name: Arañagato (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Lesser References: 6, 30, 61, 75, 151.
Antilles (Martinique, St. Vincent); native to Africa. Bauhinia porrecta sensu A. Stahl = Bauhinia monandra Kurz
Common Name: Bauhinia roja (Cuba).
References: 1, 4, 58, 132. Bauhinia punctata G.J. Burch ex Benth. = Bauhinia galpinii N.E. Br.
Bauhinia glabra Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 20. 1760. Bauhinia purpurea L., Sp. Pl. 375. 1753; Phanera purpurea (L.) Benth.,
Bauhinia cumanensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Pl. Jungh. 2: 262. 1852.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 321. 1824. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Margarita, Trinidad, Mexico, Central Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Martinique, St. Lucia),
America, and South America. Margarita, Trinidad, and United States (FL); native to tropical
References: 12, 323. Asia.
Common Names: Bauhinia, Bauhinia roja, Gorro de Napoleón,
Bauhinia guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 377. 1775. Mariposa, Orquídea silvestre, Puente de mono (Cuba), Palo de
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe), orquídeas (Puerto Rico).
Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America. References: 1, 6, 58, 131, 132, 150, 228, 252.
Common Names: Liane-boudin tordue, Tiane grand-bois (Lesser Antilles).
Reference: 1. Bauhinia racemosa Lam., Encycl. 1: 390. 1785.
number 9 8 • 401
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Dominica); native to Asia. Bembicidium cubense Rydb. = Poitea gracilis (Griseb.) Lavin
Reference: 1. Benthamantha caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze = Coursetia caribaea (Jacq.)
Bauhinia spathacea DC. = Bauhinia subrotundifolia Cav. Lavin var. caribaea
Bauhinia subrotundifolia Cav., Icon. 5: 4. 1799. Biancaea sepiaria (Roxb.) Todaro = Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth.) Alst.
Bauhinia spathacea DC., Prodr. 2: 512. 1825. Bonduc majus Medik. = Caesalpinia major (Medik.) Dandy & Exell
References: 3, 158. Boenninghausia vincentina (Ker Gawl.) Spreng. = Chaetocalyx scandens
(L.) Urb. var. scandens
Bauhinia tomentosa L., Sp. Pl. 375. 1753; Alvesia tomentosa (L.)
Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 208. 1930. Bradburya floridana Britton = Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Bradburya lobata Britton & P. Wilson = Centrosema macranthum
(St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Hoehne
Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St.
Bradburya plumieri (Turpin ex Pers.) Kuntze = Centrosema plumieri
Kitts, St. Lucia), and Tobago; native to Africa and Asia.
(Turpin ex Pers.) Benth.
Common Names: Flor de azufre, Guacamaya americana, Gorro de
napoleón (Cuba), Fleur du sacré-coeur (Lesser Antilles), Mariposa, Bradburya pubescens (Benth.) Kuntze = Centrosema pubescens Benth.
Petán (Puerto Rico). Bradburya virginiana (L.) Kuntze = Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth.
References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 58, 61, 224, 252.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Brasilettia adnata (Griseb.) Kuntze = Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.)
Taub. var. adnatum (Griseb.) Barneby
Bauhinia ungulata L., Sp. Pl. 374. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to Mexico, Brasilettia ferruginea (Decne.) Kuntze = Peltophorum pterocarpum
Central America, and South America. (DC.) Baker ex K. Heyne
References: 5, 61, 158. Brasilettia violacea (Mill.) Britton & Rose = Coulteria linnaei (Griseb.)
Bauhinia variegata L., Sp. Pl. 375. 1753, var. variegata; Phanera Acev.-Rodr.
variegata (L.) Benth., Pl. Jungh. 2: 262. 1852. Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze = Coursetia caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin var. caribaea
Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), Margarita, United
Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze var. albida Kuntze = Coursetia
States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South America; native
caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin var. caribaea
to Asia.
Common Names: Mountain ebony, Orchid-tree (Bahamas), Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze var. amorphifolia Kuntze =
Bauhinia, Gorro de Napoleón, Mariposa, Puente de mono Coursetia caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin var. caribaea
(Cuba), Flamboyán, Framboyán, Orquídea, Orquídea de pobre Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze var. edwardsii Kuntze = Coursetia
(Dominican Republic), Flamboyant (Haiti), Palo de orquídeas caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin var. caribaea
(Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 6, 7, 45, 58, 132, 150, 224, 230. Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze var. grisebachiana Kuntze =
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Coursetia caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin var. caribaea
Bauhinia variegata L. var. candida (Aiton) Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze var. jacquiniana Kuntze =
Soc. London 13: 497. 1822. Coursetia caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin var. caribaea
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Grenada )and Trinidad; Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze f. micrantha Kuntze = Coursetia
native to Asia. caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin var. caribaea
Common Name: Bauhinia blanca (Cuba).
Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze var. mollis Kuntze = Coursetia
caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin var. caribaea
Behaimia cubensis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 78. 1866.
Brownea capitella Jacq. = Brownea coccinea Jacq. subsp. capitella
Behaimia roigii Borhidi, Acta Agron. Acad. Sci. Hung. 27: 430. 1976.
(Jacq.) D. Velásquez & G. Agostini
Common Names: Ciruelillo, Guayacán amarillo, Guayacán blanco, Brownea coccinea Jacq. subsp. capitella (Jacq.) D. Velásquez &
Guayacancillo, Guayacancillo de costa, Rana, Rana macho (Cuba). G. Agostini, Novon 2: 173. 1992; Brownea capitella Jacq., Fragm.
References: 3, 12, 39, 427. Bot. 26. 1809.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Brownea latifolia Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 25. 1800.
Cuba (39) and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica,
Species. Martinique, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, and South America.
Behaimia roigii Borhidi = Behaimia cubensis Griseb.
Brownea grandiceps Jacq., Collectanea 3: 287. 1791 [“1789”].
Belairia angustifolia (Griseb.) Borhidi = Pictetia angustifolia Griseb.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Tobago, and
Belairia mucronata Griseb. = Pictetia mucronata (Griseb.) Beyra & Trinidad; native to South America.
Lavin Common Names: Rosa de monte (Cuba), Palo de cruz (Dominican
Belairia nipensis Urb. = Pictetia nipensis (Urb.) Beyra & Lavin Republic), Rosa venezolana (Puerto Rico).
Belairia parvifoliola Britton = Pictetia mucronata (Griseb.) Beyra &
Lavin Brownea latifolia Jacq. = Brownea coccinea Jacq. subsp. capitella
(Jacq.) D. Velásquez & G. Agostini
Belairia savannarum Bisse = Pictetia mucronata (Griseb.) Beyra & Lavin
*Brya buxifolia (Murray) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 301. 1900; Pterocarpus
Belairia spinosa A. Rich. = Pictetia spinosa (A. Rich.) Beyra & Lavin buxifolius Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 642. 1784.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam. subsp. rugeliana (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta
Hispaniola. Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 300. 1977 [“1976”]; Caesalpinia
Common Names: Ebano de Santo Domingo Espino, Granadillo, Tabaco rugeliana Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 278. 1900.
de cerro, Tabacuelo, Tachuelo (Dominican Republic), Galle-galle Caesalpinia crista sensu A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
(Haiti). Vasc. 482. 1845, non L.
Common Name: Brasilete (Cuba).
*Brya chrysogonii León & Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
Reference: 12.
“De La Salle” 9: 16. 1950.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Caesalpinia barahonensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 509. 1913.
Common Names: Granadillo, Granadillo de río (Cuba). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Reference: 3. Common Names: Brasil (Dominican Republic), Brésillette, Brésillet (Haiti).
*Brya depressa Borhidi & A. Barreto, Acta Bot. Hung. 44: 233. 2002.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Caesalpinia barkeriana Urb. & Ekman = Guilandina barkeriana (Urb.
Reference: 149. & Ekman) Britton
*Brya ebenus (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 421. 1825; Aspalathus ebenus L., Syst. Caesalpinia bijuga (L.) Sw. = Caesalpinia vesicaria L.
Nat., ed. 10, 1158. 1759; Amerimnon ebenus (L.) Sw., Prodr. 104. Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. var. bonduc = Guilandina bonduc L.
1788.
Pterocarpus glaber Rchb. ex DC., Prodr. 2: 421. 1825. Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. var. caymanensis (Millsp.) Proctor =
Spartium arborescens Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Guilandina caymanensis (Millsp.) Britton & Rose
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba; exotic in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Caesalpinia brasiliensis L., Sp. Pl. 380. 1753. Lectotype: Haiti;
Trinidad. “Caesalpinia polyphylla, aculeis horrida” in Plumier, Codex
Common Names: Cordobán Espinillo de sabana, Espino de sabana Boerhaavianus, designated by Lewis & Reveal in Jarvis & al. (ed.),
Granadillo, Ojo de perdiz (Cuba), Coccus wood, West Indian Regnum Veg. 127: 28. 1993.
ebony (Jamaica). Peltophorum linnaei Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 75. 1840, nom. illeg.
References: 2, 3, 6, 30, 58, 132. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
*Brya hirsuta Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 301. 1977 [“1976”]. Reference: 7.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Note: The application of this name needs reconsideration. Swartz
Reference: 149. was the first to leptotypify it with the Jamaican element among
the original material (Swartz: Obs. Bot. 166. 1791), while Lewis
*Brya microphylla Bisse, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 2: 8. 1975. & Reveal (in Jarvis & al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 28. 1993)
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. lectotypified it with the Hispaniola element (i.e., Caesalpinia
Reference: 149. polyphylla, aculeis horrida in Plumier, Codex Boerhaavianus).
*Brya subinermis León & Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio Caesalpinia buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 510. 1913.
“De La Salle” 9: 17. 1950. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Reference: 3.
Caesalpinia caymanensis Millsp. = Guilandina caymanensis (Millsp.)
Butea peltata (Willd.) Pers. = Rhodopis planisiliqua (L.) Urb. var. Britton & Rose.
planisiliqua
Caesalpinia ciliata (Bergius ex Wikstr.) Urb. = Guilandina ciliata
Butea volubilis (Willd.) Pers. = Neorudolphia volubilis (Willd.) Britton Bergius ex Wikstr.
Cacara erosa (L.) Kuntze = Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. Caesalpinia clementis (Britton) León = Poincianella myabensis (Britton)
Cacara tuberosa (Lam.) Britton = Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng. Britton & Rose
Caesalpinia adnata (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Peltophorum dubium Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. = Libidibia coriaria (Jacq.) Schltdl.
(Spreng.) Taub. var. adnatum (Griseb.) Barneby Caesalpinia crista sensu A. Rich. = Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam. subsp.
Caesalpinia anacantha Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 11. 1926. rugeliana (Urb.) Borhidi
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Caesalpinia crista sensu DC. = Caesalpinia domingensis Urb.
References: 5, 7.
Caesalpinia crista sensu L., 1762, non L., 1753 = Coulteria linnaei
Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam., Encycl. 1: 461. 1785, subsp. (Griseb.) Acev.-Rodr.
bahamensis
Caesalpinia crista sensu Sw., Observ. Bot. 167. 1791, non L. Caesalpinia crista sensu Sw. = Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam. subsp.
Caesalpinia reticulata Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 118. 1905. bahamensis
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, and Caesalpinia cubensis Greenm. = Coulteria linnaei (Griseb.) Acev.-Rodr.
Hispaniola.
Caesalpinia culebrae (Britton & P. Wilson) Alain = Guilandina culebrae
Common Names: Brasil, Brasilete, Brasilete colorado, Brasilete morado,
Britton & P. Wilson
Palo Brasil, Palo de rosa, Palo de tinta, Palo Pernambuco (Cuba),
Brasil (Dominican Republic). Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth.) Alst., Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6 (Suppl.): 89.
References: 3, 7, 45. 1931; Reichardia decapetala Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 212. 1821.
Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 32. 1814; Biancaea sepiaria
Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam. subsp. orientensis Borhidi, Acta Bot.
(Roxb.) Todaro, Hort. Bot. Panorm. 3. 1876.
Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 300. 1977 [“1976”].
Caesalpinia horrida A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Vasc. 481. 1845.
Reference: 12.
number 9 8 • 403
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Common Names: Large yellow nicker (Bahamas), Guacalote amarillo
Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. (Cuba), Mate prieto (Dominican Republic), Yellow nickal, Yellow
Lucia, St. Vincent); native of Asia and Malesia. nicker (Jamaica), Mato amarillo (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Agarra ladrón, Chembé bolé, Chícara cimarrona References: 2, 3, 7, 12, 32, 45, 58, 123, 131, 150.
(Dominican Republic), Chembe bolo, Ti-janvier, Tijavier (Haiti), Caesalpinia melanosperma (Eggers) Urb. = Caesalpinia ciliata (Bergius
Wait-a-bit (Jamaica), Arrête-boeuf, Canieroc, Wait-a-bit (Lesser ex Wikstr.) Urb.
Antilles), Zarza de cercas (Puerto Rico), Wait-a-bit (Virgin
Islands). Caesalpinia monensis Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv.
References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, 32, 58, 61, 224. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 377. 1924.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico (Mona Is.).
Caesalpinia divergens Urb. = Caesalpinia ciliata (Bergius ex Wikstr.) Urb.
Caesalpinia monosperma Tul. = Stahlia monosperma (Tul.) Urb.
Caesalpinia domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 279. 1900.
Caesalpinia crista sensu DC., Prodr. 2: 482. 1825, non L. Caesalpinia murifructa Gillis & Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 55: 427.
Reference: 45.
Caesalpinia dubia Spreng. = Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub.
Caesalpinia myabensis Britton var. clementis (Britton) A. Barreto =
Caesalpinia echinata Lam., Encycl. 1: 461. 1785. Poincianella myabensis (Britton) Britton & Rose
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Trinidad; native to South America.
Reference: 30. Caesalpinia myabensis Britton var. hermeliae (León) A. Barreto =
Poincianella myabensis (Britton) Britton & Rose
Caesalpinia elata Sw. = Delonix elata (L.) Gamble
Caesalpinia myabensis Britton var. hornei (Britton) A. Barreto =
Caesalpinia eriostachys Benth. = Poincianella eriostachys (Benth.) Caesalpinia hornei Britton
Britton & Rose
Caesalpinia myabensis Britton var. myabensis = Poincianella myabensis
Caesalpinia ferruginea Decne. = Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker (Britton) Britton & Rose
ex K. Heyne
Caesalpinia myabensis Britton var. subglauca (Britton) A. Barreto =
Caesalpinia gaumeri Greenm. = Poincianella gaumeri (Greenm.) Britton Poincianella myabensis (Britton) Britton & Rose
& Rose
Caesalpinia nipensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 444. 1928; Poincianella
Caesalpinia gilliesii (Wall. ex Hook.) Benth. = Erythrostemon gilliesii nipensis (Urb.) Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 336. 1930.
(Wall. ex Hook.) Klotzsch Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Caesalpinia glandulosa Bertero ex DC. = Poincianella glandulosa Common Name: Brasil (Cuba).
(Bertero ex DC.) Britton & Rose References: 3, 12, 30, 132.
Caesalpinia glaucophylla Urb. = Guilandina glaucophylla (Urb.) Britton Caesalpinia oblongifolia Urb. = Poincianella pinnata (Griseb.) Britton
& Rose & Rose
Caesalpinia globulorum sensu Liogier Bakh. f. & van Royen = Caesalpinia oblongifolia Urb. var. savannarum (Britton & P. Wilson)
Caesalpinia major (Medik.) Dandy & Exell Borhidi = Poincianella pinnata (Griseb.) Britton & Rose
Caesalpinia grisebachiana Kuntze = Guilandina ciliata Bergius ex Caesalpinia ovalifolia Urb. = Guilandina ciliata Bergius ex Wikstr.
Wikstr. Caesalpinia pauciflora (Griseb.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales
Caesalpinia guanensis (Britton) León = Poincianella gaumeri (Greenm.) Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 404. 1869; Libidibia pauciflora Griseb.
Britton & Rose var. pauciflora, Cat. Pl. Cub. 78. 1866; Poinciana pauciflora
(Griseb.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 591. 1903.
Caesalpinia hermeliae León = Poincianella myabensis (Britton) Britton
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and United States (FL).
& Rose
Common Names: Cacalote, Dibidibi, Dividivi, Falso brasilete,
Caesalpinia hornei Britton = Poincianella myabensis (Britton) Britton Guatapaná, Guaracabuya, Mantilla (Cuba).
& Rose References: 3, 5, 7, 12, 30, 132, 150.
Caesalpinia horrida A. Rich. = Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth.) Alst. Caesalpinia paucijuga Benth. = Libidibia punctata (Willd.) Britton
Caesalpinia intermedia Urb. = Guilandina intermedia (Urb.) Britton & Caesalpinia pectinata Cav. = Tara spinosa (Molina) Britton & Rose
Rose
Caesalpinia pellucida Vogel = Poincianella pellucida (Vogel) Britton &
Caesalpinia jayabo M. Gómez = Caesalpinia major (Medik.) Dandy & Rose
Exell
Caesalpinia pinnata (Griseb.) C. Wright subsp. oblongifolia (Urb.)
Caesalpinia lucida Urb. = Guilandina ciliata Bergius ex Wikstr. A. Barreto & Beyra var. oblongifolia = Poincianella pinnata
Caesalpinia major (Medik.) Dandy & Exell, J. Bot. 76: 180. 1938; (Griseb.) Britton & Rose
Bonduc majus Medik., Theodora 43. 1786. Caesalpinia pinnata (Griseb.) C. Wright subsp. oblongifolia (Urb.)
Caesalpinia globulorum sensu Liogier, Descript. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 63. A. Barreto & Beyra var. savannarum (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi
1988, non Bakh. f. & van Royen, Blumea 12: 62. 1963. & O. Muñiz ex A. Barreto = Poincianella pinnata (Griseb.) Britton
Caesalpinia jayabo M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 234. & Rose
1880.
Caesalpinia pinnata (Griseb.) C. Wright subsp. pinnata = Poincianella
pinnata (Griseb.) Britton & Rose
Rico, United States (FL), Mexico, and Central America.
Caesalpinia portoricensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Alain = Guilandina Caesalpinia violacea (Mill.) Standl. = Coulteria linnaei (Griseb.)
portoricensis Britton & P. Wilson Acev.-Rodr.
Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Observ. Bot. 166. 1791; Poinciana Caesalpinia wrightiana Urb. = Guilandina wrightiana (Urb.) Britton &
pulcherrima L., Sp. Pl. 380. 1753. Rose
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Cajanus bicolor DC. = Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth, Helios 11: 133. 1893; Cytisus cajan L., Sp.
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Pl. 739. 1753.
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Cajanus bicolor DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 85. 1813; Cajanus cajan
Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, and North (L.) Huth var. bicolor (DC.) Purseglove, Trop. Crops, Dicotyl. 1:
America; native to Asia. 237. 1968.
Common Names: Barbados pride (Bahamas), Carzazo, Clavellina, Cajanus flavus DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 85. 1813.
Macat, Macata (Dominican Republic), Francillade, Francillade à Cajanus indicus Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 248. 1826.
fleurs jaunes, Francillade à fleurs rouges, Francillane, Pincillade, Cajanus luteus Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 260. 1881.
Poincillade (Haiti), Pride of Barbados (Jamaica), Baraguette, Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba,
Barbados-pride, Dwarf poinciana, Fleur de paon, Flower fence, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix,
Flower pride, Macata, Orgueil de chine, Oeillet d’Espagne, Petit St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
flamboyant, Spanish carnation (Lesser Antilles), Clavellina, (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Doddledo, Dul-dul (Puerto Rico). Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 224, Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, and
323, 340, 383. United States (FL); native to India.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Common Names: Pigeon pea (Bahamas), Guandul, Guanduli
(Dominican Republic), Pois d’Angolie, Pois cajan, Pois congo, Pois
Caesalpinia punctata Willd. = Libidibia punctata (Willd.) Britton d’Angolier (Haiti), Gungo pea, Pigeon pea (Jamaica), Guandul,
Caesalpinia reticulata Britton = Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam. subsp. Gandures (Puerto Rico), Congo pea, Pigeon pea (Virgin Islands).
bahamensis References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 123, 131, 150, 158, 224, 323.
Caesalpinia rosei Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 314. 1918.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth var. bicolor (DC.) Purseglove = Cajanus cajan
References: 5, 7. (L.) Huth
Caesalpinia rugeliana Urb. = Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam. subsp. Cajanus flavus DC. = Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth
rugeliana (Urb.) Borhidi Cajanus indicus Spreng. = Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth
Caesalpinia sappan L., Sp. Pl. 381. 1753. Cajanus luteus Bello = Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Asia and Malesia.
Common Name: Sapán (Puerto Rico). Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 6: 167.
References: 30, 131, 152. 1817; Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benth. in F.A.W. Miquel, Pl.
Jungh. 242. 1852.
Caesalpinia savannarum (Britton & P. Wilson) León = Poincianella Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Africa, Asia, Malesia,
pinnata (Griseb.) Britton & Rose Australia, and Pacific Region.
Caesalpinia secundiflora Urb., Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 92. 1927. Reference: 158.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Calliandra bullata Urb. = Calliandra enervis (Britton) Urb.
References: 5, 7.
Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn. = Calliandra houstoniana (Mill.) Standl.
Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb. = Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth.) Alst. var. calothyrsus (Meisn.) Barneby
Caesalpinia sphaerosperma Urb. & Ekman = Guilandina Calliandra caracasana (Jacq.) Benth. = Zapoteca caracasana (Jacq.)
sphaerosperma (Urb. & Ekman) Britton H.M. Hern. subsp. caracasana
Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze = Tara spinosa (Molina) Britton Calliandra colletioides Griseb. = Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex
& Rose DC.) Benth. var. colletiodes (Griseb.) Barneby
Caesalpinia subglauca Britton = Poincianella myabensis (Britton) Calliandra colletioides Griseb. subsp. gonavensis (Urb. & Ekman)
Britton & Rose Bässler = Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var.
Caesalpinia thomaea Spreng. = Libidibia coriaria (Jacq.) Schltdl. haematomma
Caesalpinia ventricosa Griseb. = Caesalpinia vesicaria L. Calliandra colletioides Griseb. var. gonavensis Urb. & Ekman =
Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. haematomma
Caesalpinia vesicaria L., Sp. Pl. 381. 1753.
Caesalpinia bijuga (L.) Sw., Observ. Bot. 166. 1791; Poinciana bijuga Calliandra comosa (Sw.) Benth., London J. Bot. 5: 104. 1846; Mimosa
L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 544. 1762. comosa Sw., Prodr. 85. 1788; Anneslia comosa (Sw.) Britton
Caesalpinia ventricosa Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 205. 1860. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 74. 1928; Feuilleea comosa (Sw.)
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 187. 1891; Inga comosa (Sw.) Willd.,
and Central America. Sp. Pl. 4: 1026. 1806; Pithecellobium comosum (Sw.) Benth.,
Common Names: Brasiletto (Bahamas), Brasil, Brasilete macho, London J. Bot. 3: 221. 1844.
Brasilete negro, Campeche, Guacamaya de costa, Lomo de Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
caimán, Palo campeche, Palo Brasil, Palo de campeche, Palo de References: 2, 116.
rosa, Palo del Brasil (Cuba), Indian savin tree (Jamaica). Calliandra comosa sensu Griseb. = Zapoteca gracilis (Griseb.) Bässler
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 12, 45.
number 9 8 • 405
Calliandra cubensis (J.F. Macbr.) León = Zapoteca gracilis (Griseb.) Common Names: Clavellina, Oreganillo, Tabacuelo (Dominican
Bässler Republic), Cojobilla colorada (Puerto Rico).
References: 58, 116, 123, 131.
Calliandra enervis (Britton) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 437. 1928; Anneslia
enervis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 18. 1914. Type: Cuba, Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. colletioides
Shafer 8274 (Holotype: NY, Isotype: NY). (Griseb.) Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(3): 141. 1998;
Calliandra bullata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 437. 1928. Calliandra colletioides Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 180. 1860; Anneslia
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. colletioides (Griseb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Type: Cuba, Wright
References: 3, 116, 156, 175. 153 (Holotype: GOET, Isotype: A). Club 41: 18. 1914; Feuilleea
colletioides (Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 187. 1891.
Calliandra falcata Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 97. 1844.
Calliandra serjanioides Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 262. 1900.
References: 3, 7, 116, 175.
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola and Lesser Antilles (Martinique);
native to South America. Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. correllii Barneby,
References: 1, 7, 116. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(3): 142. 1998. Type: Bahamas,
Correll & Meyer 44596 (Holotype: NY).
Calliandra flavida Urb. = Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.) H.M. Hern.
Common Name: Red calliandra (Bahamas).
subsp. flavida (Urb.) H.M. Hern.
Calliandra formosa (Kunth) Benth. = Zapoteca formosa (Kunth) H.M. References: 116, 149, 156.
Hern. subsp. formosa
Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. genuina
Calliandra formosa (Kunth) Benth. var. cubensis J.F. Macbr. = Zapoteca Urb. = Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var.
gracilis (Griseb.) Bässler haematomma
Calliandra gracilis Griseb. = Zapoteca gracilis (Griseb.) Bässler Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. glabrata Griseb.,
Calliandra gracilis Klotzsch ex Baker = Zapoteca formosa (Kunth) Fl. Brit. W. I. 224. 1860.
H.M. Hern. subsp. formosa Calliandra pilosa (Bertero ex DC.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 6. 1931;
Acacia pilosa Bertero ex DC., Prodr. 2: 455. 1825; Anneslia pilosa
Calliandra grisebachii (Britton & Rose) Standl. = Zapoteca gracilis (Bertero ex DC.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 75. 1928.
(Griseb.) Bässler Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Calliandra guildingii Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 26. 1844. Type: St. References: 2, 116, 427.
Vincent, Guilding s.n. (Holotype: K) Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Distribution: Cultivated in Lesser Antilles (Martinique and perhaps St. Species.
Vincent); native to Trinidad and South America. Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. locoensis (R.G.
References: 116, 390. García & Kolt.) Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(3): 144.
Calliandra haematocephala Hassk., Retzia 1: 216. 1855; Feuilleea 1998; Calliandra locoensis R.G. García & Kolt., Caribbean J.
haematocephala (Hassk.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 188. 1891; Sci. 28: 56. 1992. Type: Puerto Rico, García & Caminero 3425
Anneslia haematocephala (Hassk.) Britton in N.L. Britton & (Isotype: NY).
P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 348. 1926. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands References: 8, 116, 152, 156.
(St. Croix, St. John), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. minutifolia
Montserrat, St. Lucia), and United States (FL); native to South Urb. = Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var.
America. haematomma
Common Names: Pompón (Dominican Republic), Caliandra (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 7, 19, 116, 123, 131, 150, 175. Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. pubescens
Urb. = Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var.
Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3: haematomma
103. 1844, var. haematomma; Acacia haematomma Bertero ex
DC., Prodr. 2: 456. 1825. Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. rivularis (Urb. &
Acacia haematostoma Bertero ex Spreng. Syst. 3: 137. 1826; Anneslia Ekman) Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(3): 142. 1998;
haematostomma (Bertero ex Spreng.) Britton, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Calliandra rivularis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 5. 1931.
Mem. 1: 50. 1918. Type: Hispaniola, Haiti, Ekman 9948 (Holotype: B †, Isotypes:
Anneslia minutifolia Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 75. 1928; K, NY).
Calliandra minutifolia (Britton & Rose) Urb., Ark. Bot. 24A(4): Distribution: Endemic Hispaniola.
6. 1931. Reference: 116.
Calliandra colletioides Griseb. var. gonavensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. tortuensis
Bot. 22A(8): 28. 1928; Calliandra colletioides Griseb. subsp. (Alain) Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(3): 143. 1998;
gonavensis (Urb. & Ekman) Bässler, Gleditschia 18(2): 202. 1990. Calliandra tortuensis Alain, Brittonia 20: 156. 1968. Type:
Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. genuina Urb., Hispaniola, Haiti, Leonard & Leonard 11565 (Holotype: NY,
Symb. Antill. 2: 263. 1900. Isotype: US).
Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. minutifolia Urb., Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Tortue Is.).
Symb. Antill. 2: 263. 1900. References: 116, 156.
Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. pubescens Urb.,
Calliandra houstoniana (Mill.) Standl. var. calothyrsus (Meisn.)
Symb. Antill. 2: 263. 1900.
Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(3): 180. 1998; Calliandra
Calliandra picardae Alain, Brittonia 20: 156. 1968.
calothyrsus Meisn., Linnaea 21: 251. 1848.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia); native
Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas).
to Mexico and Central America.
Common Name: Caliandra roja (Dominican Republic). Calliandra purpurea (L.) Benth. var. dussiana Stehlé, Bull. Mus. Hist.
References: 116, 159, 223. Nat. (Paris), ser. 2, 18: 192. 1946.
Calliandra purpurea (L.) Benth. var. quentiniana Stehlé, Bull. Mus.
Calliandra locoensis R.G. García & Kolt. = Calliandra haematomma
Hist. Nat. (Paris), ser. 2, 18: 192. 1946.
(Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. locoensis (R.G. García & Kolt.)
Calliandra slaneae R.A. Howard, Phytologia 61: 3. 1986.
Barneby
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Grenada, Grenadines,
Calliandra latifolia (L.) Griseb. = Zygia latifolia (L.) Fawc. & Rendle Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
var. latifolia Vincent) and South America.
Calliandra locoensis R.G. García & Kolt. = Calliandra haematomma Common Names: Bois patate, Pompon diable, Pompon rouge (Lesser
(Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. locoensis (R.G. García & Kolt.) Antilles).
Barneby References: 1, 116.
Calliandra marginata Griseb. ex R.O. Williams = Zapoteca formosa Calliandra purpurea (L.) Benth. var. dussiana Stehlé = Calliandra
(Kunth) H.M. Hern. subsp. formosa purpurea (L.) Benth.
Calliandra minutifolia (Britton & Rose) Urb. = Calliandra Calliandra purpurea (L.) Benth. var. quentiniana Stehlé = Calliandra
haematomma (Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. haematomma purpurea (L.) Benth.
Calliandra nervosa (Urb.) Urb. & Ekman = Zapoteca nervosa (Urb.) Calliandra revoluta Griseb. = Abarema obovalis (A. Rich.) Barneby &
H.M. Hern. J.W. Grimes
Calliandra nipensis (Britton & Rose) Morton ex León & Alain = Calliandra riparia Pittier, Arb. Arbust. Venez. 6-8: 80. 1927. Type:
Calliandra pauciflora (A. Rich.) Griseb. Venezuela, Pittier 12309 (Holotype: VEN, Isotypes: G, NY).
Calliandra schultzei Harms, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 209.
Calliandra orientalis (Britton & Rose) León = Zapoteca formosa 1928.
(Kunth) H.M. Hern. subsp. formosa Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Hispaniola, Margarita, and Central
Calliandra paniculata C.D. Adams, Phytologia 20: 310. 1970. Type: America; native to South America.
Jamaica, Adams 11154 (Holotype: UCWI, Isotype: BM). References: 7, 158, 323.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Calliandra rivularis Urb. & Ekman = Calliandra haematomma (Bertero
References: 2, 116, 427. ex DC.) Benth. var. rivularis (Urb. & Ekman) Barneby
Species. Calliandra saman (Jacq.) Griseb. = Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.
Calliandra pauciflora (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp. nipensis (Britton & Calliandra schultzei Harms = Calliandra riparia Pittier
Rose) Bässler = Calliandra pauciflora (A. Rich.) Griseb. Calliandra serjanioides Urb. = Calliandra falcata Benth.
Calliandra pauciflora (A. Rich.) Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 180. 1860; Calliandra slaneae R.A. Howard = Calliandra purpurea (L.) Benth.
Acacia pauciflora A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba,
Calliandra surinamensis Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 105. 1844. Type:
Pl. Vasc. 461. 1845; Anneslia pauciflora (A. Rich.) Britton &
Surinam, Hostman 171 (Holotype: K, Isotypes: BM, NY, OXF).
Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 75. 1928. Type: Cuba, de la Sagra s.n.
(Holotype: P-Rich.).
(St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, Montserrat,
Calliandra pauciflora (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp. nipensis (Britton &
St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and Trinidad; native to South America.
Rose) Bässler, Gleditschia 18(2): 205. 1990; Anneslia nipensis
Common Names: Caliandra (Cuba), Canasta mexicana (Dominican
Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 75. 1928; Calliandra nipensis
Republic), Bwa patat (Lesser Antilles), Caliandra de Surinam
(Britton & Rose) Morton ex León & Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus.
(Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 6, 7, 116, 131, 175, 252.
References: 7, 116, 175. Calliandra tergemina (L.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 96. 1844, var.
tergemina; Mimosa tergemina L., Sp. Pl. 517. 1753.
Calliandra pedicellata Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 102. 1844; Anneslia
pedicellata (Benth.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 76. 1928;
Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent) and South America.
Feuilleea pedicellata (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 188. 1891.
Common Names: Bwa mayann, Bwa patat, Madam ti poule (Lesser
Type: Hispaniola, Haiti, Ehrenberg 385 (Holotype: B†).
Antilles).
References: 1, 116.
Calliandra tortuensis Alain = Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.)
Calliandra picardae Alain = Calliandra haematomma (Bertero ex DC.)
Benth. var. tortuensis (Alain) Barneby
Benth. var. haematomma
Calopogonium caeruleum (Benth.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales
Calliandra pilosa (Bertero ex DC.) Urb. = Calliandra haematomma
Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 337. 1869; Stenolobium caeruleum
(Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. glabrata Griseb
Benth., Commentat. Legum. Gen. 61. 1837.
Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth. = Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.) Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
H.M. Hern. subsp. portoricensis (St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, and
Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth. var. major Sprague = Zapoteca South America.
portoricensis (Jacq.) H.M. Hern. subsp. portoricensis Common Names: Ahorca perro, Bejuco culebra, Frijol boniato,
Jíquima, Jícama cimarrona, Mata potrero (Cuba), Haba de burro
Calliandra prehensilis C. Wright = Sphinga prehensilis (C. Wright) (Dominican Republic).
Barneby & J.W. Grimes References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 224.
Calliandra purpurea (L.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 104. 1844; Mimosa Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
purpurea L., Sp. Pl. 517. 1753.
number 9 8 • 407
Calopogonium domingense Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 45. 1928. Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 404. 1825; Dolichos
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. ensiformis L., Sp. Pl. 725. 1753.
References: 5, 7. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica,
Calopogonium galactoides (Kunth) Benth. ex Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer.,
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Margarita,
Bot. 1(4): 301. 1880; Glycine galactoides Kunth in F.W.H.A. von
Trinidad, North America, Mexico, Central America, South
America, and Old World.
ed.) 6: 427. 1824.
Common Names: Bejuco de bibijaguas, Canavalia, Frijol de bibijagua,
Galactia retrorsa Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 67. 1927.
Frijol de china, Haba de caballo, Soplillo (Cuba), Garde place,
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Central America, and South
Pois maldioc (Haiti), Horse bean, Jack bean, Overlook bean
America.
(Jamaica), Cuttas bean, Horse bean, Pois cochon, Pwa kochon
References: 5, 7.
(Lesser Antilles), Canavalia, Haba de burro, Habichuela playera,
Calopogonium mucunoides Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 9: 423. 1826. Mato de playa (Puerto Rico), Seaside bean (Virgin Islands).
Calopogonium orthocarpum Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 327. 1899. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61, 73, 224, 404.
Stenolobium caeruleum sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
261. 1881, non Benth.
Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 2: 404. 1825; Dolichos
Stenolobium caeruleum sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 68.
gladiatus Jacq., Collectanea 2: 276. 1789 [“1788”].
1885, non Benth.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Lesser
Antilles (Guadeloupe), North America, Mexico, Central America,
Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia,
and South America; native to Asia.
St. Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Frijol café, Frijol de machete, Haba de caballo
Cultivated and naturalized in Tobago; exotic in Old World.
(Cuba), Carabanz (Dominican Republic), Sword bean (Jamaica).
Common Names: Wild ground nut (Lesser Antilles), Jícama (Puerto
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 73, 158, 404.
Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 32, 58, 158, 159, 224. Canavalia gladiata sensu Bello = Canavalia nitida (Cav.) Piper
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Canavalia gladiata sensu Stahl = Canavalia nitida (Cav.) Piper
Calopogonium orthocarpum Urb. = Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. Canavalia gladiata sensu Britton & Millsp. = Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC.
Calopogonium pumilum Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 454. 1928. Canavalia lineata sensu Britton & Millsp. = Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC.
References: 3, 30. Canavalia maritima (Aubl.) Thouars = Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC.
Canavalia altipendula (Piper) Standl., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 11: Canavalia microsperma Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 373. 1908.
160. 1936; Wenderothia altipendula Piper, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
20: 581. 1925. Type: Jamaica, MacFayden s.n. (Lectotype: K). References: 3, 73, 404.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Note: A doubtful species according to Sauer (404).
Common Name: Wild overlook bean (Jamaica). Canavalia miniata sensu Griseb. = Dioclea reflexa Hook. f.
References: 2, 404.
Canavalia nitida (Cav.) Piper, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 562. 1925;
Canavalia bahamensis Britton = Canavalia nitida (Cav.) Piper Clementea nitida Cav., Anales Ci. Nat. 7: t. 47. 1804.
Canavalia brasiliensis Mart. ex Benth., Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. Canavalia bahamensis Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 119.
2: 135. 1837. Type: Brazil. 1906. Type. Abaco Is., Brace 1620.
Canavalia campylocarpa Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 30: 175. 1917. Canavalia cubensis Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 178. 1860.
Canavalia caribaea Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 232. 1912. Canavalia ekmanii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 317. 1918.
Canavalia prolifica Piper ex Ricker, Castanea 11: 55. 1946. Canavalia gladiata sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 262.
Canavalia dictyota Piper, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 574. 1925. Type: 1881, non DC.
Guyana. Canavalia gladiata sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 83. 1885,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, non DC.
Barbados, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Canavalia parviflora sensu Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 45. 1879, non Benth.
Margarita, Tobago, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Canavalia rusiosperma Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 473. 1900.
Common Names: Garde place, Pois maldioc (Haiti), Barbicou bean, Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Bwa agoul (Lesser Antilles). Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), and
References: 1, 3, 7, 73, 150, 323, 404. Mexico.
Common Names: Bahama bay-bean (Bahamas), Mate colorado (Cuba),
Canavalia campylocarpa Piper = Canavalia brasiliensis Mart. ex Benth. Mate colorado (Dominican Republic), Graines ouari, Graines
Canavalia caribaea Urb. = Canavalia brasiliensis Mart. ex Benth. ouary, Ouari (Haiti), Haba de burro de jardín, Mato colorado
(Puerto Rico).
Canavalia cathartica Thouars, J. Bot. Agric. 1: 81. 1813.
References: 3, 4, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58, 73, 404.
Canavalia virosa (Roxb.) Wight & Arn., Cat. Ind. Pl. 44. 1833.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Désirade); native to Africa, Asia, Canavalia obtusifolia (Lam.) DC. = Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC.
Malesia, and Pacific Region. Canavalia parviflora sensu Eggers = Canavalia nitida (Cav.) Piper
References: 158, 404, 473.
Canavalia plagiosperma Piper, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 141.
Canavalia cubensis Griseb. = Canavalia nitida (Cav.) Piper 1922.
Canavalia dictyota Piper = Canavalia brasiliensis Mart. ex Benth. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Central America, and South
America.
Canavalia ekmanii Urb. = Canavalia nitida (Cav.) Piper
Canavalia prolifica Piper ex Ricker = Canavalia brasiliensis Mart. ex Cassia bahamensis Mill. = Senna ligustrina (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Benth. Cassia bahamensis Mill. var. latifolia Benth. = Senna mexicana (Jacq.)
Canavalia reflexa (Hook. f.) C. Wright = Dioclea reflexa Hook. f. H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. latifolia (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 2: 404. 1825; Dolichos roseus Sw., Cassia bahamensis sensu authors = Senna chapmanii (Isely) A. Barreto
Prodr. 105. 1788. & Yakovlev
Canavalia gladiata sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 191. 1920, Cassia benitoensis Britton & P. Wilson = Senna benitoensis (Britton &
non DC. P. Wilson) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Canavalia lineata sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 191. 1920,
non DC. Cassia berteroana DC. = Senna mexicana (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Canavalia maritima (Aubl.) Thouars, J. Bot. Agric. 1: 80. 1813; var. berteroana (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Dolichos maritimus Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 765. 1775. Cassia berteroi Colla = Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. var. bicapsularis
Canavalia obtusifolia (Lam.) DC., Prodr. 2: 404. 1825; Dolichos
Cassia bicapsularis L. = Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. var. bicapsularis
obtusifolius Lam., Encycl. 2: 295. 1786.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Cassia bicapsularis L. var. indecora (Kunth) Benth. = Senna pendula
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. advena
Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Cassia biflora L. = Senna angustisiliqua (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Saba, St. var. fulgens (Macfad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, United Cassia biflora sensu Bello = Senna polyphylla (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin &
States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South America. Barneby var. polyphylla
Common Names: Bay-bean, Horse-bean (Bahamas), Mata de costa, Cassia brachycarpa Urb. = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp.
Mate de costa, Frijol de playa, Haba de playa (Dominican nictitans var. diffusa (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Republic), Graines ouari, Graines ouary, Ouari, Pois liane, Pois
Cassia brevipila (Urb.) Alain = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var.
maldioc lan mer, Pois zombi (Haiti), Seaside bean (Jamaica), Beach
brevipila (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
bean, Sea bean (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 3, 4, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61, 73, 150, 323. Cassia brittoniana Lundell = Senna hayesiana (Britton & Rose) H.S.
Irwin & Barneby
Canavalia rusiosperma Urb. = Canavalia nitida (Cav.) Piper
Cassia broughtonii Fawc. & Rendle = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.)
Canavalia virosa (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. = Canavalia cathartica Thouars
Moench var. jaliscensis (Green.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Canizaresia cubensis (Urb.) Britton = Piscidia cubensis Urb.
Cassia bucherae (Moldenke) León = Chamaecrista bucherae
Casparia aurita Griseb. = Bauhinia divaricata L. var. divaricata (Moldenke) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Caspareopsis monandra (Kurz) Britton & Rose = Bauhinia monandra Cassia buchii Urb. = Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.) Britton var.
Kurz pedicellaris
Cassia absus L. = Chamaecrista absus (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Cassia cahosiana Urb. & Ekman = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.)
Cassia aculeata Pohl ex Benth. = Senna aculeata (Pohl ex Benth.) H.S. Greene var. picardae (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Irwin & Barneby Cassia caribaea Northr. = Chamaecrista caribaea (Northr.) Britton var.
Cassia acunae Borhidi = Senna acunae (Borhidi) A. Barreto & Yakovlev caribaea
Cassia adenosperma Urb. = Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.) Britton var. Cassia caymanensis C.D. Adams = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench
adenosperma (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby subsp. nictitans var. aspera (Muhl. ex Elliott) Torr. & A. Gray
Cassia aeschynomene DC. ex Collad. = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Cassia chamaecrista L. = Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michaux) Greene
Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. Cassia chamaecrista sensu Bello = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench
aeschynomene (DC.) A. Barreto & Yakovlev subsp. nictitans var. diffusa (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia alata L. = Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Cassia chamaecrista L. subsp. normalis var. diffusa Kuntze =
Cassia angustifolia Vahl = Senna alexandrina Mill. Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.)
H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. glaberrima (Britton) A. Barreto &
Cassia angustisiliqua Lam. = Senna angustisiliqua (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Yakovlev
Barneby var. angustisiliqua
Cassia chamaecrista L. var. diffusa Kuntze f. incana Kuntze =
Cassia antillana (Britton & Rose) Alain = Senna nitida (Rich.) H.S. Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.)
Irwin & Barneby H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. glaberrima (Britton) A. Barreto &
Cassia arduinervis Urb. = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. Yakovlev
brevipila (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Cassia chamaecrista L. subsp. glandulosa (L.) Kuntze f. glabrescens
Cassia arduinervis Urb. var. brevipila Urb. = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Kuntze = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene var. swartzii
Greene var. brevipila (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Wikstr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia aspera Muhl. ex Elliott = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench Cassia chapmanii Isely = Senna chapmanii (Isely) A. Barreto & Yakovlev
subsp. nictitans var. aspera (Muhl. ex Elliott) Torr. & A. Gray Cassia chrysophylla A. Rich. = Senna atomaria (L.) H.S. Irwin &
Cassia atomaria L. = Senna atomaria (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Barneby
Cassia bacillaris L. f. = Senna bacillaris (L. f.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Cassia ciliata Hoffmanns. = Senna uniflora (Mill.) H.S. Irwin &
var. bacillaris Barneby
number 9 8 • 409
Cassia clarendonensis Britton = Senna mexicana (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Cassia glandulosa L. = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene var.
Barneby var. berteroana (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby glandulosa
Cassia clarensis (Britton) R.A. Howard = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Cassia glandulosa L. var. ramosa sensu Stahl = Chamaecrista glandulosa
Greene var. lineata (L.) Greene var. mirabilis (Pollard) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia crista Jacq. var. oligophylla Urb. = Senna angustisiliqua (Lam.) Cassia glandulosa L. var. swartzii (Wikstr.) J.F. Macbr. = Chamaecrista
H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. angustisiliqua glandulosa (L.) Greene var. swartzii (Wikstr.) H.S. Irwin &
Barneby
Cassia didymobotrya Fresen. = Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H.S.
Irwin & Barneby Cassia grammica Spreng. = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var.
brachyloba (Griseb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia diffusa DC. = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp.
nictitans var. diffusa (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Cassia grandis L. f., Suppl. Pl. 230. 1782 [“1781”].
Cassia diffusissima (Britton) León = Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.)
(St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Montserrat), and
Britton var. diffusissima (Britton) A. Barreto & Yakovlev
Trinidad; native to Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Cassia diphylla L. = Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene Common Names: Cañandonga, Cañandonga común Cañandonga de
Cassia disadena Steud. = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. masa, Cañafístola cimarrona, Cassia de Brasil (Cuba), Cañafístola,
disadena (Steud.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Cañafístula, Cañafístula cimarrona, Chácara, Chácaro, Guayaba
cimarrona (Dominican Republic), Bâton casse, Casse, Casse
Cassia discolor Desv. = Senna pallida (Vahl) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. espagnole (Haiti), Cañafístula cimarrona (Puerto Rico), Pink
pallida shower (Virgin Islands).
Cassia domingensis Spreng. = Senna domingensis (Spreng.) H.S. Irwin References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 118, 224.
& Barneby Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Cassia ekmaniana Urb. = Senna racemosa (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Cassia grisea A. Rich. = Senna atomaria (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
var. racemosa Cassia gundlachii Urb. = Senna gundlachii (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia elliptica Kunth = Senna atomaria (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Cassia hioramii (Britton & Rose) León = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.)
Cassia elliptica Sessé & Moc. = Senna atomaria (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Greene var. brevipila (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia emarginata L. = Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. var. bicapsularis Cassia hirsuta L. = Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. hirsuta
Cassia esmeraldensis Alain = Senna gundlachii (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Cassia hispidula Vahl = Chamaecrista hispidula (Vahl) H.S. Irwin &
Barneby Barneby
Cassia exunguis Urb. = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. Cassia hoffmannseggii Mart. ex Benth. = Senna latifolia (G. F. W.
nictitans var. diffusa (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Meyer) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia fasciata (Britton) Fawc. & Rendle = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Cassia holguinensis Borhidi = Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.) Britton
Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. var. pedicellaris
fasciata (Britton) A. Barreto & Yakovlev Cassia inaguensis Britton = Chamaecrista caribaea (Northr.) Britton var.
Cassia fistula L., Sp. Pl. 377. 1753. inaguensis (Britton) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Cassia indecora Kunth = Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.)
Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. advena (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
(Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Cassia indecora Kunth var. advena Vogel = Senna pendula (Humb. &
Trinidad, and United States (FL). Probably native to tropical Asia. Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. advena (Vogel) H.S.
Common Names: Caña fístula, Caña fístula cimarrona, Cañandonga, Irwin & Barneby
Cañafístola, Cañafístola cimarrona, Cañafístola exótica (Cuba), Cassia indecora Kunth var. glabrata Vogel = Senna pendula (Humb. &
Cañafistol, Cañafístola, Cañafístula Cañafístula de purgante, Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. glabrata (Vogel) H.S.
Cañafístula mansa, Cañafístula purgante, Chácara, Guayaba Irwin & Barneby
cimarrona (Dominican Republic), Bâton casse, Casse, Casse
Cassia insularis (Britton & Rose) R.A. Howard = Senna insularis
espagnole (Haiti), Canéfice, Canéficier, Casse Casse-habitant,
(Britton & Rose) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia stick tree, Kas (Lesser Antilles), Cañafistula (Puerto Rico),
Golden shower, Pudding-pipe tree (Virgin Islands). Cassia italica (Mill.) Spreng. = Senna italica Mill.
References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 118, 150. Cassia jamaicensis (Britton) C.D. Adams = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.)
Cassia flexuosa L. = Chamaecrista flexuosa (L.) Greene var. flexuosa Greene var. jamaicensis (Britton) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia floribunda Cav. = Senna x floribunda (Cav.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Cassia javanica L., Sp. Pl. 379. 1753 var. indochinensis Gagnepin, Fl.
Gén. Indochine 2(2): 158. 1913.
Cassia fruticescens Bertero ex Spreng. = Senna viminea (L.) H.S. Irwin
Cassia nodosa Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 2: 336. 1832.
& Barneby
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
Cassia fruticosa Mill. = Senna fruticosa (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Croix), and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Montserrat, St.
Cassia fulgens Macfad. = Senna angustisiliqua (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Lucia); native to Asia and Malesia.
Barneby var. fulgens (Macfad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Common Names: Casia rosada (Dominican Republic), Pink cassia,
Stinking toe (Lesser Antilles), Acacia rosada (Puerto Rico), Pink
Cassia glaberrima (Britton) León = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench cassia (Virgin Islands).
subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. glaberrima References: 1, 6, 7, 58, 118.
(Britton) A. Barreto & Yakovlev
Cassia kunthiana Schltdl. & Cham. = Chamaecrista kunthiana (Schltdl. Cassia occidentalis L. var. glabrescens sensu Stahl = Senna sophera (L.)
& Cham.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Roxb.
Cassia laevigata Willd. = Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S. Irwin & Cassia ornithopoides Lam. = Senna uniflora (Mill.) H.S. Irwin &
Barneby Barneby
Cassia laevigata sensu A. Stahl = Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Cassia ovalifolia M. Martens & Galeotti = Senna pendula (Humb.
Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. stahlii (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. ovalifolia (M.
Barneby Martens & Galeotti) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia leptadenia Greenm. var. jalicensis Greenm. = Chamaecrista Cassia pallida Vahl = Senna pallida (Vahl) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.
nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans var. jalicensis (Greenm.) pallida
H.S. Irwin & Barneby Cassia parahyba Vell. = Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake var.
Cassia ligustrina L. = Senna ligustrina (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby parahyba
Cassia ligustrina L. var. eggersiana Urb. = Senna ligustrina (L.) H.S. Cassia patellaria DC. ex Collad. = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench
Irwin & Barneby subsp. patellaria (DC. ex Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.
ramosa (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia ligustrina L. var. jaegeriana Urb. = Senna ligustrina (L.) H.S.
Irwin & Barneby Cassia patellaria DC. ex Collad. var. ramosa Vogel = Chamaecrista
nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin &
Cassia lineata Sw. = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. lineata
Barneby var. ramosa (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia lineata Sw. var. brachyloba Griseb. = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.)
Cassia patellaria DC. ex Collad. var. glabrata Vogel = Chamaecrista
Greene var. brachyloba (Griseb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin &
Cassia lucayana Britton = Chamaecrista caribaea (Northr.) Britton var. Barneby var. glabrata (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
lucayana (Britton) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia pedicellaris DC. = Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.) Britton var.
Cassia martinicensis Urb. = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. pedicellaris
patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. glaberrima (Britton)
Cassia pendula Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = Senna pendula (Humb. &
A. Barreto & Yakovlev
Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. pendula
Cassia melanocarpa Bertero ex DC. = Senna viminea (L.) H.S. Irwin &
Cassia pilifera Vogel var. subglabra Moore = Senna pilifera (Vogel) H.S.
Barneby
Irwin & Barneby var. subglabra (Moore) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia mexicana Jacq. = Senna mexicana (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia pilosa L. = Chamaecrista pilosa (L.) Greene var. pilosa
var. mexicana
Cassia pinetorum (Britton) Urb. = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene
Cassia mexicana Jacq. var. moustiquensis Urb. = Senna mexicana
var. picardae (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
(Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. mexicana
Cassia pinetorum (Britton) Urb. var. picardae Urb. = Chamaecrista
Cassia minutiflora León = Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.) Britton var.
glandulosa (L.) Greene var. picardae (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
pygmaea
Cassia planisiliqua L. = Senna occidentalis (L.) Link
Cassia mirabilis (Pollard) Urb. = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene
var. mirabilis (Pollard) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Cassia polyadena DC. = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene var.
swartzii (Wikstr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia moschata Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 358. 1824. Cassia polyphylla Jacq. = Senna polyphylla (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin &
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Lesser Antilles (Barbados), Trinidad; Barneby var. polyphylla
native to Mexico, Central America, and South America. Cassia portoricensis Urb. = Chamaecrista portoricensis (Urb.) O.F.
Common Names: Cañandonga, Cañandonga común (Cuba). Cook & G.N. Collins var. portoricensis
Cassia portoricensis Urb. var. callosa Urb. = Chamaecrista portoricensis
Cassia multijuga Rich. = Senna multijuga (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Urb.) O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins var. portoricensis
subsp. multijuga
Cassia portoricensis Urb. var. granulata Urb. = Chamaecrista lineata
Cassia nictitans L. var. aspera (Muhl. ex Elliott) Torr. & A. Gray = (Sw.) Greene var. brachyloba (Griseb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans var. aspera
(Muhl. ex Elliott) Torr. & A. Gray Cassia praetexta Vogel = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp.
patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. praetexta (Vogel)
Cassia niqueroensis Urb. & Ekman = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene H.S. Irwin & Barneby
var. lineata
Cassia proboscidea Pollard = Senna sophera (L.) Roxb.
Cassia nitida Rich. = Senna nitida (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia pygmaea DC. = Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.) Britton var.
Cassia nodosa Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. = Cassia javanica L. var. pygmaea
indochinensis Gagnepin
Cassia racemosa Mill. = Senna racemosa (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia obcordata Sw. ex Wikstr. = Chamaecrista obcordata (Sw. ex var. racemosa
Wikstr.) Britton
Cassia ramosa Vogel = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp.
Cassia obovata Collad. = Senna italica Mill. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. patellaria
Cassia obtusifolia L. = Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Cassia riparia Kunth = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp.
Cassia occidentalis L. = Senna occidentalis (L.) Link nictitans var. jalicensis (Greenm.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
number 9 8 • 411
Cassia robiniifolia Benth. = Senna robiniifolia (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Cassia undulata Benth. = Senna undulata (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Barneby Cassia uniflora Mill. = Senna uniflora (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia roigii (Britton & Rose) León = Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.) Cassia villosa Mill. = Senna villosa (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Britton var. pygmaea
Cassia viminea L. = Senna viminea (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia rotundifolia Pers. = Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Greene
var. rotundifolia Cassia virgata Sw. = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene var. glandulosa
Cassia savannarum (Britton) Urb. = Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.) Cathartocarpus bicapsularis (L.) Ham. = Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb.
Britton var. savannarum (Britton) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. bicapsularis
Cassia scleroxyla Britton = Senna domingensis (Spreng.) H.S. Irwin & Cathormion berterianum (Balb. ex DC.) Burkart = Albizia berteroana
Barneby (Balb. ex DC.) Fawc. & Rendle
Cassia selleana Urb. = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene var. Centrosema angustifolium (Kunth) Benth., Ann. Wiener Mus.
picardae (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Naturgesch. 2: 117. 1837; Clitoria angustifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A.
von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp.
Cassia septemtrionalis Viv. = Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S. Irwin & (quarto ed.) 6: 417. 1824.
Barneby Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent), Mexico,
Cassia sericea Sw. = Senna uniflora (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Central America, and South America.
References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 45, 254.
Cassia serpens L. = Chamaecrista serpens (L.) Greene
Centrosema brasilianum (L.) Benth. var. angustifolium (Benth.)
Cassia shaferi Britton & P. Wilson = Senna mexicana (Jacq.) H.S.
Amshoff, Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 52: 62. 1939.
Irwin & Barneby var. shaferi (Britton & P. Wilson) H.S. Irwin &
Barneby
Reference: 254 (Marcano 4583).
Cassia siamea Lam. = Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Centrosema dubium Hemsl. = Centrosema sagittatum (Humb. &
Cassia smaragdina Macfad. = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench Bonpl. ex Willd.) Brandegee ex L. Riley
subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. glabrata
Centrosema ferrugineum A. Rich. = Centrosema pubescens Benth.
(Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Centrosema haitiense Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 13. 1926.
Cassia sophera L. = Senna sophera (L.) Roxb.
Cassia spectabilis DC. = Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Jamaica.
var. spectabilis References: 2, 5, 7.
Cassia stahlii Urb. = Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Centrosema intermedium A. Rich. = Centrosema pubescens Benth.
Irwin & Barneby var. stahlii (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Centrosema lobatum (Britton & P. Wilson) Urb. = Centrosema
Cassia stenocarpa Vogel = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. macranthum Hoehne
disadena (Steud.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Centrosema macranthum Hoehne, Relat. Commiss. Linhas. Telegr.
Cassia stenophylla Benth. = Senna stenophylla (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Estrateg. Matto Grosso Amazonas 5, Bot. pt. 8: 84. 1919.
Barneby Bradburya lobata Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 70.
Cassia stricta Schrank = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene var. 1920; Centrosema lobatum (Britton & P. Wilson) Urb., Ark. Bot.
glandulosa 20A(5): 14. 1926.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and South America.
Cassia strigillosa Benth. = Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.) Britton Reference: 158.
subsp. strigillosa (Benth.) A. Barreto & Yakovlev
Centrosema plumieri (Turpin ex Pers.) Benth., Ann. Wiener Mus.
Cassia sulfurea Collad. = Senna sulfurea (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Naturgesch. 2: 118. 1837; Clitoria plumieri Turpin ex Pers., Syn.
Barneby Pl. 2(2): 303. 1807; Bradburya plumieri (Turpin ex Pers.) Kuntze,
Cassia surattensis Burm. f. = Senna surattensis (Burm. f.) H.S. Irwin & Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 164. 1891.
Barneby Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica,
Cassia swartzii Wikstr. = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene var.
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
swartzii (Wikstr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Martin, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and
Cassia tora sensu authors = Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & South America.
Barneby Common Names: Carmín, Papito de la reina (Cuba), Conchitas, Gallito
Cassia tora sensu Britton & Millsp. = Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin (Dominican Republic), Cocotte femme, Fleur languette, Honte,
& Barneby Languette, Liane fifi, Pois piante, Pois plante, Vaillant garçon
(Haiti), Fee-fee (Jamaica), Crica de negra, Flor de conchitas, Flor
Cassia tora L. var. humilis Pers. = Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & de pito, Flor de pito blanca (Puerto Rico).
Barneby References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61, 224.
Cassia tortuensis Urb. & Ekman = Chamaecrista caribaea (Northr.) Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Britton var. inaguensis (Britton) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Centrosema pubescens Benth., Commentat. Legum. Gen. 55. 1837;
Cassia triflora Vahl = Senna atomaria (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Bradburya pubescens (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 164. 1891.
Centrosema ferrugineum A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba,
Cassia turquinae (Britton) León = Senna ligustrina (L.) H.S. Irwin &
Pl. Vasc. 410. 1845.
Barneby
Centrosema intermedium A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Distribution: Native to Virgin Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles
Pl. Vasc. 410. 1845. (Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, and South America.
Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, References: 1, 231, 323, 416.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Chaetocalyx scandens (L.) Urb. var. pubescens (DC.) Rudd, Contr. U.S.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Natl. Herb. 32: 236. 1958; Chaetocalyx pubescens DC., Prodr. 2:
Common Names: Bejuco de chivo, Conchita cimarrona (Cuba), Bejuco 243. 1825. Type: Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, Bertero
de juventud, Bejuquillo, Conchitas Flor de pito (Dominican s.n. (Holotype: ? G).
Republic), Fleur languette, Vaillant garçon (Haiti). Distribution: Native to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic), Lesser
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61. Antilles (Grenadines, St. Vincent), Mexico, northern South
Centrosema sagittatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Brandegee ex America.
L. Riley, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1923: 344. 1923; Glycine Reference: 416.
sagittata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Enum. Pl. 2: 757. 1809. Chaetocalyx vincentina (Ker Gawl.) DC. = Chaetocalyx scandens (L.)
Centrosema dubium Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 1(4): 294. 1880. Urb. var. scandens
and South America. Chamaecrista absus (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
References: 3, 7, 158. Gard. 35: 664. 1982; Cassia absus L., Sp. Pl. 376. 1753.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Grenadines),
Centrosema schottii (Millsp.) K. Schum., Just’s Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): Central America, and South America.
353. 1900. References: 1, 119.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba.
Reference: 254 (Palmer 764). Chamaecrista adenosperma (Urb.) Britton = Chamaecrista pedicellaris
(DC.) Britton var. adenosperma (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth., Commentat. Legum. Gen.
56. 1837; Clitoria virginiana L., Sp. Pl. 753. 1753; Bradburya Chamaecrista aeschynomene (DC. ex Collad.) Greene = Chamaecrista
virginiana (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 164. 1891. nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin &
Bradburya floridana Britton, Torreya 4: 142. 1904. Barneby var. aeschynomene (DC.) A. Barreto & Yakovlev
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. var. angustifolium DC., Prodr. 2: Chamaecrista bissei A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow &
234. 1825. Leningrad) 75(6): 889. 1990.
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. var. ellipticum DC., Prodr. 2: 234. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. var. ovatum DC., Prodr. 2: 234.
Chamaecrista brachycarpa (Urb.) Britton & Rose = Chamaecrista
1825.
nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans var. diffusa (DC.) H.S. Irwin
& Barneby
Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Chamaecrista bucherae (Moldenke) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New
Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, York Bot. Gard. 35: 647. 1982; Peiranisia bucherae Moldenke, Bull.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, Torrey Bot. Club 68: 675. 1941; Cassia bucherae (Moldenke) León,
St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 11. 1950.
Vincent), Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, North America, Mexico, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Butterfly-pea, Lady’s slipper (Bahamas), Azulada, Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Bejuco divierte caminante, Clica de negra, Conchita cimarrona, Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Crica de negra, Divierte caminante, Divierte sabanero, Marrullero, Species.
Papito (Cuba), Bejuco de juventud, Colincito, Consuelo de los Chamaecrista buchii (Urb.) Britton = Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.)
caminantes, Corde violón, Diversión de los caminantes, Papito, Britton var. pedicellaris
Papo de la reina, Totico (Dominican Republic), Grippez, Liane
corde violon, Liane fifi, Liane violon, Vaillant garçon (Haiti), Chamaecrista cahosiana (Urb. & Ekman) Britton & Rose =
Blue bell, Butterfly pea, Wild pea (Lesser Antilles), Conchita de Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene var. picardae (Urb.) H.S.
Virginia, Crica de negra, Flor de conchitas (Puerto Rico). Irwin & Barneby
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61. Chamaecrista caribaea (Northr.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44:
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. var. angustifolium DC. = 8. 1917, var. caribaea; Cassia caribaea Northr., Mem. Torrey
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. Bot. Club 12: 39. 1902. Type: Bahamas (Andros), Northrop &
Northrop 638 (Holotype: NY).
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. var. ellipticum DC. = Centrosema Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
virginianum (L.) Benth. References: 119, 151, 156.
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. var. ovatum DC. = Centrosema Chamaecrista caribaea (Northr.) Britton var. inaguensis (Britton) H.S.
virginianum (L.) Benth. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 682. 1982;
Chaetocalyx pubescens DC. = Chaetocalyx scandens (L.) Urb. var. Cassia inaguensis Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 443.
pubescens (DC.) Rudd 1905; Chamaecrista inaguensis (Britton) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot.
Club 44: 8. 1917.
Chaetocalyx scandens (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 292. 1900, var.
Cassia tortuensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 91. 1927.
scandens; Coronilla scandens L., Sp. Pl. 743. 1753.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and
Glycine vincentina Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg. 9: t. 799. 1824; Chaetocalyx
Hispaniola.
vincentina (Ker Gawl.) DC., Prodr. 2: 243. 1825; Boenninghausia
References: 7, 119.
vincentina (Ker Gawl.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 245. 1826.
number 9 8 • 413
Chamaecrista caribaea (Northr.) Britton var. lucayana (Britton) H.S. Chamaecrista mirabilis Pollard, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 19.
Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 682. 1982; 1902; Cassia mirabilis (Pollard) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 276. 1905.
Cassia lucayana Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 138. Type: Puerto Rico, Heller & Heller 642 (Holotype: NY).
1906; Chamaecrista lucayana (Britton) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Club 44: 8. 1917. Type: Bahamas, Britton & Millspaugh 2774 References: 58, 119, 156, 633.
(Holotype: NY, Isotype: US). Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene var. picardae (Urb.) H.S. Irwin
References: 119, 151, 156.
& Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 783. 1982; Cassia
Chamaecrista chamaecrista sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Chamaecrista pinetorum (Britton) Urb. var. picardae Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov.
nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans var. diffusa (DC.) H.S. Irwin Regni Veg. 15: 311. 1918. Type: Haiti, Picarda 599 (Holotype: B†).
& Barneby Cassia cahosiana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 33. 1928;
Chamaecrista clarensis Britton & Rose = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Chamaecrista cahosiana (Urb. & Ekman) Britton & Rose,
Greene var. lineata N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 281. 1930.
Cassia pinetorum (Britton) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15:
Chamaecrista complexa Pollard ex Millsp. = Chamaecrista glandulosa 311. 1918; Chamaecrista pinetorum Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot.
(L.) Greene var. swartzii (Wikstr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Club 44: 7. 1917.
Chamaecrista cupeyalensis A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Bot. Zhurn. Chamaecrista selleana (Urb.) Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 279. 1930;
(Moscow & Leningrad) 75(6): 890. 1990. Cassia selleana Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 311. 1918.
Chamaecrista diffusissima Britton = Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.) Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene var. swartzii (Wikstr.) H.S. Irwin
Britton var. diffusissima (Britton) A. Barreto & Yakovlev & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 784. 1982; Cassia
swartzii Wikstr., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1825: 430. 1826;
Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 28. 1899; Cassia
Cassia glandulosa L. var. swartzii (Wikstr.) J.F. Macbr., Contr.
diphylla L., Sp. Pl. 376. 1753. Type: India.
Gray Herb., n.s. 59: 26. 1919; Chamaecrista swartzii (Wikstr.)
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
(Guadeloupe, St. Kitts, St. Vincent), Mexico, and Central America.
Cassia chamaecrista L. subsp. glandulosa (L.) Kuntze f. glabrescens
References: 1, 3, 6, 7, 12, 58, 61, 75, 131, 132, 340.
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 169. 1891.
Chamaecrista dussii Britton = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench Cassia polyadena DC., Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 2: 132. 1824;
subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. glaberrima Chamaecrista polyadena (DC.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44:
(Britton) A. Barreto & Yakovlev 10. 1917.
Chamaecrista enneryana Britton = Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.) Chamaecrista complexa Pollard ex Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian
Britton var. pedicellaris Mus., Bot. Ser., 2(1): 47. 1900.
Chamaecrista exunguis (Urb.) Britton = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St. John,
Moench subsp. nictitans var. diffusa (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Chamaecrista falcifoliolata A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Bot. Zhurn. Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
(Moscow & Leningrad) 75(6): 891. 1990. Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
References: 12, 149. Common Names: Broom cassia, Dutchman’s butter, Tanmawen djab, Ti
tanmawen, Wild tamarind (Lesser Antilles).
Chamaecrista fasciata Britton = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench
subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. fasciata
(Britton) A. Barreto & Yakovlev Chamaecrista grammica (Spreng.) Pollard = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.)
Greene var. brachyloba (Griseb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Chamaecrista flexuosa (L.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 27. 1899, var. flexuosa;
Cassia flexuosa L., Sp. Pl. 379. 1753. Chamaecrista granulata (Urb.) Britton = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.)
Distribution: Native to Cuba, United States (TX), Mexico, Central Greene var. brachyloba (Griseb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
America, and South America. Chamaecrista guanensis A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow
References: 12, 119. & Leningrad) 75(6): 892. 1990.
Chamaecrista glaberrima Britton = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. glaberrima Reference: 149.
(Britton) A. Barreto & Yakovlev Chamaecrista haitiensis Britton = Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.)
Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 28. 1899, var. Britton var. pedicellaris
glandulosa; Cassia glandulosa L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1017. 1759. Chamaecrista hioramii Britton = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var.
Cassia stricta Schrank, Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac. 1: t. 34. 1819. brevipila (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia virgata Sw., Prodr. 66. 1788.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Chamaecrista hispidula (Vahl) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York
Jamaica. Bot. Gard. 35: 661. 1982; Cassia hispidula Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 3:
Common Names: Ti-zanite (Haiti), Broom cassia, Jamaican broom 10. 1807.
(Jamaica). Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Margarita, Trinidad,
References: 2, 6, 7, 119, 123. Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene var. mirabilis (Pollard) H.S.
Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 787. 1982; Chamaecrista inaguensis (Britton) Britton = Chamaecrista caribaea
(Northr.) Britton var. inaguensis (Britton) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Chamaecrista jamaicensis Britton = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
var. jamaicensis (Britton) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Reference: 149.
Chamaecrista kunthiana (Schltdl. & Cham.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. jamaicensis (Britton) H.S.
Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 724. 1982; Cassia kunthiana Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 759. 1982;
Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 598. 1830. Chamaecrista jamaicensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 515.
Distribution: Native to Cuba (Isla de la Juventud), Mexico, Central 1915; Cassia jamaicensis (Britton) C.D. Adams, Phytologia 20:
America, and South America. 311. 1970. Type: Jamaica, Britton 811 (Holotype: NY).
Chamaecrista leonardae Britton = Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.)
Britton var. pedicellaris Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. maestrensis A. Barreto &
Yakovlev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 93. 1991.
Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 31. 1899, var. lineata;
Cassia lineata Sw., Prodr. 66. 1788.
Reference: 149.
Chamaecrista clarensis Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 278. 1930;
Cassia clarensis (Britton & Rose) R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. niqueroensis (Urb. & Ekman)
28: 126. 1947; Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. clarensis A. Barreto & Yakovlev = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var.
(Britton & Rose) A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. lineata
Rast. 28: 93. 1992. Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. trifoliata A. Barreto &
Cassia niqueroensis Urb. & Ekman, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: Yakovlev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 93. 1991.
355. 1926; Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. niqueroensis Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
(Urb. & Ekman) A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Reference: 149.
Rast. 28: 93. 1992.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cayman Chamaecrista lucayana (Britton) Britton = Chamaecrista caribaea
Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica. (Northr.) Britton var. lucayana (Britton) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
References: 7, 40, 119. Chamaecrista macambensis A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Bot. Zhurn.
Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. banesensis A. Barreto & (Moscow & Leningrad) 77(7): 100. 1992, var. macambensis
Yakovlev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 93. 1992. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 149. Chamaecrista macambensis A. Barreto & Yakovlev var. pubescens
Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. brachyloba (Griseb.) H.S. Irwin A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad)
& Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 757. 1982; Cassia 77(7): 101. 1992.
lineata Sw. var. brachyloba Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 179. 1860. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Type: Cuba, Wright 146 (Holotype: GOET, Isotypes: GH, LE). Reference: 149.
Cassia grammica Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 55. 1822; Chamaecrista marianensis A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Bot. Zhurn.
Chamaecrista grammica (Spreng.) Pollard, Publ. Field Columbian (Moscow & Leningrad) 75(6): 893. 1990.
Mus., Bot. Ser., 2(1): 47. 1900. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cassia portoricensis Urb. var. granulata Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 318. Reference: 149.
1899; Chamaecrista granulata (Urb.) Britton, Ann. Missouri Bot.
Chamaecrista micrantha Britton = Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.) Britton
Gard. 2: 41. 1915; Chamaecrista portoricensis (Urb.) O.F. Cook
var. pygmaea
& G.N. Collins var. granulata (Urb.) O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins,
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 113. 1903. Chamaecrista millspaughii Pollard = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.)
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, North America, Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.
Mexico, and South America. glaberrima (Britton) A. Barreto & Yakovlev
Common Name: Brusca de pascuas (Dominican Republic). Chamaecrista mirabilis Pollard = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene
References: 7, 58, 119, 123. var. mirabilis (Pollard) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. brevipila (Urb.) H.S. Irwin Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench var. brevicarpellata A. Barreto &
& Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 758. 1982; Cassia Yakovlev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 93. 1991.
arduinervis Urb. var. brevipila Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 444. 1928; Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cassia brevipila (Urb.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Reference: 152.
Poey” 24: 118. 1960. Type: Cuba, Ekman 15772 (Holotype: B †,
Isotype: NY). Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. disadena (Steud.) H.S.
Cassia arduinervis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 310. 1918. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 825. 1982;
Cassia hioramii (Britton & Rose) León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Cassia disadena Steud., Flora 26: 760. 1843.
Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 11. 1950; Chamaecrista hioramii Britton, Cassia stenocarpa Vogel, Syn. Gen. Cassiae 68. 1837.
N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 278. 1930. Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Margarita, Central America, and
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. South America.
Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. clarensis (Britton & Rose) Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans var. aspera (Muhl.
A. Barreto & Yakovlev = Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. ex Elliott) Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 396. 1840; Cassia
lineata aspera Muhl. ex Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1(5): 474. 1817;
Cassia nictitans L. var. aspera (Muhl. ex Elliott) Torr. & A. Gray,
Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. iniasensis A. Barreto & Fl. N. Amer. 1(3): 396. 1840.
Yakovlev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 93. 1991. Cassia caymanensis C.D. Adams, Phytologia 20: 310. 1970.
number 9 8 • 415
Chamaecrista riparia sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 169. 1920, Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 291. 1930; Cassia glaberrima (Britton)
non (Kunth) Britton. León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 10:
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, 265. 1951.
North America, and Central America. Cassia chamaecrista L. var. diffusa Kuntze f. incana Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
References: 40, 119. Pl. 1: 169. 1891.
Cassia chamaecrista L. subsp. normalis var. diffusa Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans var. diffusa (DC.)
Pl. 1: 169. 1891.
H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 833. 1982;
Cassia martinicensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 313. 1918.
Cassia diffusa DC., Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 2: 130. 1824.
Chamaecrista dussii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 9. 1917.
Cassia brachycarpa Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 312. 1918;
Chamaecrista millspaughii Pollard, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot.
Chamaecrista brachycarpa (Urb.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl.
Ser., 2(1): 47. 1900.
23(5): 291. 1930.
Cassia smaragdina Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 347. 1837.
Chamaecrista chamaecrista sensu Britton & P. Wilson, non (L.) Britton.
Cassia exunguis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 312. 1918;
Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), Mexico,
Chamaecrista exunguis (Urb.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5):
289. 1930.
References: 7, 12, 58, 119, 156.
Cassia chamaecrista sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 258.
1881, non L. Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Irwin & Barneby var. praetexta (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby,
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John), Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 821. 1982; Cassia praetexta
Guadeloupe, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Vogel, Gen. Cass. Syn. 67. 1837.
Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Mexico, and South America.
Common Names: Tamarindillo (Dominican Republic), Bois pinate, Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S.
Dois piante, Pois piante marron, Pois plante, Pois plante marron Irwin & Barneby var. ramosa (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby,
(Haiti), Acacia-balai, Balai-savane, Petit balai-savane, Petite Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 818. 1982; Cassia patellaria
diotine (Lesser Antilles). Collad. var. ramosa Vogel, Gen. Cass. Syn. 66. 1837.
References: 1, 7, 45, 58, 61, 75, 119, 132, 149, 151, 323. Cassia patellaria DC. ex Collad., Hist. Nat. Méd. Casses 125. 1816;
Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans var. jaliscensis Chamaecrista patellaria (Collad.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 32. 1899.
(Greenm.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and
834. 1982; Cassia leptadenia Greenm. var. jalicensis Greenm., South America.
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 41(9): 239. 1905. Type: Mexico, Palmer References: 2, 3, 12, 151.
23 (Lectotype: GH). Chamaecrista obcordata (Sw. ex Wikstr.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot.
Chamaecrista riparia (Kunth) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 11. Club 44: 6. 1917; Cassia obcordata Sw. ex Wikstr., Kongl.
1917; Cassia riparia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1825: 429. 1826.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 369. 1824. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Cassia broughtonii Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 55: 37. 1917. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Martin).
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, North America, References: 1, 119.
Central America and South America.
References: 119, 134, 151. Chamaecrista patellaria (DC. ex Collad.) Greene = Chamaecrista
nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaria (DC. ex Collad.) H.S. Irwin
Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. & Barneby var. ramosa (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 814. 1982, var.
patellaria Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.) Britton var. adenosperma (Urb.)
Cassia ramosa Vogel, Gen. Cass. Syn. 55. 1837. H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 776.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands 1982; Cassia adenosperma Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 362. 1908;
(Virgin Gorda), Mexico, Central America, and South America. Chamaecrista adenosperma (Urb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot.
References: 119, 311. Club 44: 12. 1917. Type: Dominican Republic, Eggers 1886
(Holotype: B ).
Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Irwin & Barneby var. glabrata (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, References: 7, 119.
Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 822. 1982; Cassia patellaria
Collad. var. glabrata Vogel, Gen. Cass. Syn. 66. 1837. Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 12.
Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. 1917, subsp. pedicellaris; Cassia pedicellaris DC., Prodr. 2: 504.
Irwin & Barneby var. aeschynomene (DC.) A. Barreto & Yakovlev, 1825.
Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 93. 1992; Cassia aeschynomene Cassia buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 361. 1908; Chamaecrista buchii
DC. ex Collad., Hist. Nat. Med. Casses 127. 1816; Chamaecrista (Urb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 12. 1917.
aeschynomene (DC. ex Collad.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 32. 1899. Cassia holguinensis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 299.
Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. 1977 [“1976”]; Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.) Britton subsp.
Irwin & Barneby var. fasciata (Britton) A. Barreto & Yakovlev, holguinensis (Borhidi) A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh.
Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 93. 1992; Chamaecrista fasciata Rast. 28: 94. 1992.
Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 352. 1910; Cassia fasciata Chamaecrista enneryana Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 275. 1930.
(Britton) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 4: 115. 1920. Chamaecrista haitiensis Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 276. 1930.
Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Chamaecrista leonardae Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 281. 1930.
Irwin & Barneby var. glaberrima (Britton) A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 93. 1992; Chamaecrista glaberrima References: 7, 12, 119, 311.
Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.) Britton subsp. holguinensis (Borhidi) A. Chamaecrista diffusissima Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 288. 1930;
Barreto & Yakovlev = Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.) Britton var. Cassia diffusissima (Britton) León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
pedicellaris Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 11. 1950.
Chamaecrista pedicellaris (DC.) Britton subsp. strigillosa (Benth.)
A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 94. 1992;
Cassia strigillosa Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 581. 1871; Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.) Britton var. pinosensis A. Barreto &
Chamaecrista strigillosa (Benth.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club Yakovlev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 94. 1991.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Reference: 12.
Hispaniola. Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.) Britton var. roigii (Britton & Rose)
Reference: 12. A. Barreto & Yakovlev = Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.) Britton
Note: Reported for Hispaniola by Barreto (12). var. pygmaea
Chamaecrista pilosa (L.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 28. 1899 var. pilosa; Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.) Britton var. savannarum (Britton) H.S.
Cassia pilosa L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1017. 1759. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 779. 1982;
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Trinidad, Chamaecrista savannarum Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 463.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. 1916; Cassia savannarum (Britton) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
References: 2, 3, 7, 12, 119, 150. Veg. 15: 312. 1918.
Chamaecrista pinetorum Britton = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
var. picardae (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby References: 12, 119, 156.
Chamaecrista polyadena (DC.) Britton = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Chamaecrista riparia (Kunth) Britton = Chamaecrista nictitans (L.)
Greene var. swartzii (Wikstr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Moench subsp. nictitans var. jaliscensis (Greenm.) H.S. Irwin &
Barneby
Chamaecrista portoricensis (Urb.) O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins var.
callosa (Urb.) O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins = Chamaecrista Chamaecrista riparia sensu Britton & Millsp., non (Kunth) Britton =
portoricensis (Urb.) O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins var. portoricensis Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans var. aspera
(Muhl. ex Elliott) Torr. & A. Gray
Chamaecrista portoricensis (Urb.) O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins,
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 113. 1903, var. portoricensis; Cassia Chamaecrista roigii Britton & Rose = Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.)
portoricensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 317. 1899. Britton var. pygmaea
Cassia portoricensis Urb. var. callosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 317. 1899; Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 31. 1899, var.
Chamaecrista portoricensis (Urb.) O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins var. rotundifolia; Cassia rotundifolia Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 456. 1805.
callosa (Urb.) O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central
8: 113. 1903. America, South America, and Old World.
Chamaecrista tuerckheimii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 8. 1917. References: 2, 12, 58.
Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix). Chamaecrista savannarum Britton = Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.)
References: 7, 119. Britton var. savannarum (Britton) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Chamaecrista portoricensis (Urb.) O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins var. Chamaecrista selleana (Urb.) Britton = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.)
atlantica H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: Greene var. picardae (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
765. 1982. Type: Dominican Republic, Irwin & Wolff 37316 Chamaecrista serpens (L.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 29. 1899; Cassia serpens
(Holotype: NY). L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1018. 1759.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Margarita, Mexico, Central
References: 8, 119. America, and South America.
Chamaecrista portoricensis (Urb.) O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins var. References: 2, 12, 150, 323.
granulata (Urb.) O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins = Chamaecrista lineata Chamaecrista strigillosa (Benth.) Britton = Chamaecrista pedicellaris
(Sw.) Greene var. brachyloba (Griseb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (DC.) Britton subsp. strigillosa (Benth.) A. Barreto & Yakovlev
Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: Chamaecrista swartzii (Wikstr.) Britton = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.)
10. 1917, var. pygmaea; Cassia pygmaea DC., Mém. Soc. Phys. Greene var. swartzii (Wikstr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Genève 2: 131. 1824.
Chamaecrista takhtajanii A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Bot. Zhurn.
Cassia minutiflora León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
(Moscow & Leningrad) 75(6): 888. 1990.
Salle” 9: 11. 1950.
Cassia roigii (Britton & Rose) León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Reference: 12.
Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 12. 1950; Chamaecrista roigii Britton &
Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 289. 1930. Chamaecrista tuerckheimii Britton = Chamaecrista portoricensis (Urb.)
Chamaecrista micrantha Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 463. 1916. O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins var. portoricensis
Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.) Britton var. roigii (Britton & Rose) A. Chamaefistula antillana Britton & Rose ex Britton & Wilson = Senna
Barreto & Yakovlev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 94. 1992. nitida (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Hispaniola. Chamaefistula bacillaris (L. f.) G. Don = Senna bacillaris (L. f.) H.S.
References: 7, 119. Irwin & Barneby var. bacillaris
Chamaecrista pygmaea (DC.) Britton var. diffusissima (Britton) Chamaefistula hayesiana Britton & Rose = Senna hayesiana (Britton &
A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 94. 1992; Rose) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
number 9 8 • 417
Chamaefistula insularis Britton & Rose = Senna insularis (Britton & Christia vespertilionis (L. f.) Bakh. f., Reinwardtia 6: 90. 1961;
Rose) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Hedysarum vespertilionis L. f., Suppl. Pl. 331. 1782 [“1781”].
Type: Indochina.
Chloroleucon baracoense Britton & Rose = Chloroleucon
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Virgin
guantanamense (Britton) Britton & Rose
Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Chloroleucon guantanamense (Britton) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Kitts, St. Vincent), and Trinidad; native to Asia.
Fl. 23(1): 38. 1928; Pithecellobium guantanamense Britton, Common Name: Mariposa (Dominican Republic).
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 7. 1914. Type: Cuba, Britton 2051 References: 1, 2, 7, 40, 123, 158, 230.
Cicer arietinum L., Sp. Pl. 738. 1753.
Chloroleucon baracoense Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 38. 1928.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.
Probably native to Asia.
References: 3, 114, 156, 158, 175.
Common Names: Garbanzo (Cuba), Garbanzos (Dominican Republic),
Chloroleucon lentiscifolium (A. Rich.) Britton & Rose = Chloroleucon Garbanzo (Puerto Rico).
mangense (Jacq.) Britton & Rose var. lentiscifolium (A. Rich.) References: 3, 6, 7, 131, 158, 224.
Barneby & J.W. Grimes Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Chloroleucon mangense (Jacq.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 38. Clementea nitida Cav. = Canavalia nitida (Cav.) Piper
1928, var. mangense; Mimosa mangensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 34.
Clitoria angustifolia Kunth = Centrosema angustifolium (Kunth) Benth.
1760; Pithecellobium mangense (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr., Contr. Gray
Herb. 59: 3. 1919. Clitoria arborescens sensu A. Stahl = Clitoria laurifolia Poir. var.
Mimosa antillarum Lam. ex Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. laurifolia
Suppl. 1: 80. 1810. Clitoria berteroana DC. = Periandra berteroana (DC.) Benth.
South America. Clitoria fairchildiana R.A. Howard, Baileya 15: 16. 1967.
References: 2, 114, 158, 175. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to South America.
References: 7, 150.
Chloroleucon mangense (Jacq.) Britton & Rose var. lentiscifolium
(A. Rich.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. Clitoria falcata Lam., Encycl. 2: 51. 1786, var. falcata; Neurocarpum
74(1): 156. 1996; Acacia lentiscifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, falcatum (Lam.) DC., Prodr. 2: 236. 1825.
Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 469. 1845; Chloroleucon lentiscifolium Clitoria glycinoides DC., Prodr. 2: 234. 1825.
(A. Rich.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 37. 1928; Clitoria rubiginosa Juss. ex Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 312. 1807; Martiusia
Pithecellobium lentiscifolium (A. Rich.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, rubiginosa (Juss. ex Pers.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson,
Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 407. 1869. Type: Cuba, de la Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 411. 1924; Ternatea
Sagra s.n. (Holotype: P). rubiginosa (Juss. ex Pars.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 210. 1891.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Central America, and South America. Neurocarpum ellipticum Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1: 119. 1813.
References: 2, 3, 7, 114, 158, 175. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Note: Reported for Jamaica by Britton & Rose (405) and by León and (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
Alain (3), but no specimen is known from that island. America, and South America.
References: 1, 3, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61.
Chloroleucon mangense (Jacq.) Britton & Rose var. leucospermum
(Brandegee) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. Clitoria falcata Lam. var. falcata f. heteromorpha (Griseb.) Fantz,
74(1): 154. 1996; Pithecellobium leucospermum Brandegee, Univ. Moscosoa 6: 157. 1990; Clitoria glycinoides DC. f. heteromorpha
Calif. Publ. Bot. 10(2): 182. 1922. Type: Mexico, Purpus 8717 Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 74. 1866.
(Holotype: US, Isotype: NY). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Virgin Islands (St. (Guadeloupe, Martinique), and Central America.
Croix); native to Mexico and Central America. References: 149, 379.
References: 114, 151, 158. Clitoria falcata Lam. var. glabrescens (Verdc.) Fantz, Moscosoa 6: 158.
Chloroleucon mangense (Jacq.) Britton & Rose var. vincentis (Benth.) 1990; Clitoria rubiginosa Juss. ex Pers. var. glabrescens Verdc.,
Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(1): 154. Kew Bull. 24: 253. 1970.
1996; Pithecellobium vincentis Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
30: 597. 1875; Acacia vincentis (Benth.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Lucia).
I. 222. 1860; Chloroleucon vincentis (Benth.) Britton & Rose, References: 149, 151, 408.
N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 37. 1928. Type: St. Vincent, Guilding s.n. Clitoria galactia L. = Galactia pendula Pers.
(Holotype: K).
Clitoria glomerata Griseb. = Galactia jussiaeana Kunth
Chloroleucon tortum sensu Pittier, Bol. Ci. Técn. Mus. Comercial
Venezuela 1: 16. 1927, non Mart. Clitoria glycinoides DC. = Clitoria falcata Lam. var falcata
Distribution: Native to Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles Clitoria glycinoides DC. f. heteromorpha Griseb. = Clitoria falcata
(Martinique, St. Vincent), and South America. Lam. var. falcata f. heteromorpha (Griseb.) Fantz
Clitoria guianensis (Aubl.) Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: 40. 1858,
Chloroleucon tortum sensu Pittier = Chloroleucon mangense (Jacq.) f. guianensis; Crotalaria guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane. 2:
Britton & Rose var. vincentis (Benth.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes 761. 1775.
Chloroleucon vincentis (Benth.) Britton & Rose = Chloroleucon Distribution: Native to Cuba, Central America, and South America;
mangense (Jacq.) Britton & Rose var. vincentis (Benth.) Barneby cultivated in Lesser Antilles (Martinique).
& J.W. Grimes References: 1, 3.
Clitoria guianensis (Aubl.) Benth. f. imperfecta Fantz, Moscosoa 6: Codariocalyx motorius (Houtt.) H. Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 40: 367. 1965;
159. 1990. Desmodium motorium (Houtt.) Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 345.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and South America. 1938.
References: 149, 408. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Asia, Malesia, and Australia.
Clitoria laurifolia Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 2: References: 2, 152, 159.
301. 1811, f. laurifolia; Martiusia laurifolia (Poir.) Britton in N.L. Cojoba arborea (L.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 29. 1928;
Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 412. Mimosa arborea L., Sp. Pl. 519. 1753; Acacia arborea (L.) Willd.,
1924. Sp. Pl. 4: 1064. 1806; Pithecellobium arboreum (L.) Urb., Symb.
Clitoria arborescens sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 59. 1885, Antill. 2: 259. 1900. Type: Jamaica (Lectotype: Sloane’s t. 182).
non Aiton. Acacia berteroana sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 264.
Neurocarpum cajanifolium C. Presl, Symb. Bot. 1: 17. 1830. 1881, non Balb. ex DC.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, and Cojoba arborea (L.) Britton & Rose var. cubensis (Bisse) Barneby
South America. & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(2): 44. 1997;
References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 150. Pithecellobium cubense Bisse, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10 2: 7. 1975.
Clitoria laurifolia Poir. f. glabrior (Benth.) Fantz, Moscosoa 6: 161. 1990. Mimosa filicifolia Lam., Encycl. 1: 13. 1783; Pithecellobium filicifolium
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and South America. (Lam.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 205. 1844.
References: 156, 379. Pithecellobium arboreum (L.) Urb. var. filifolium Kitan., God. Sofiisk.
Univ. Biol. Fak., 2, Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast. 66: 31.
Clitoria multiflora Sw. = Poitea multiflora (Sw.) Urb. 1974 [“1971-1972”].
Clitoria pinnata (Pers.) R.H. Sm. & G.P. Lewis = Barbieria pinnata Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
(Pers.) Baill. Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Abey, Calo moruro (Cuba), Collier (Haiti), Cojoba,
Clitoria plumieri Turpin ex Pers. = Centrosema plumieri (Turpin ex
Cojobana (Puerto Rico).
Pers.) Benth.
References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 115, 131, 132, 175.
Clitoria polyphylla Poir. = Barbieria pinnata (Pers.) Baill.
Cojoba arborea (L.) Britton & Rose var. cubensis (Bisse) Barneby &
Clitoria rubiginosa Juss. ex Pers. = Clitoria falcata Lam. var. falcata J.W. Grimes = Cojoba arborea (L.) Britton & Rose
Clitoria rubiginosa Juss. ex Pers. var. glabrescens Verdc. = Clitoria Cojoba bahorucensis J.W. Grimes & R.G. García, Mem. New York Bot.
falcata Lam. var. glabrescens (Verdc.) Fantz Gard. 74(2): 59. 1997. Type: Hispaniola, Dominican Republic,
Clitoria ternatea L., Sp. Pl. 753. 1753, var. ternatea García et al. 5670 (Holotype: JBSD, Isotypes: K, NY, P, US).
Ternatea vulgaris Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 415. 1824. References: 115, 156.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Cojoba filipes (Vent.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New York Bot.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Gard. 74(2): 55. 1997; Inga filipes Vent., Mém. Cl. Sci. Math.
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, St. Inst. Natl. France 8: 6. 1807; Pithecellobium filipes (Vent.) Benth.,
Lucia), and North America; native to India. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 588. 1875; Samanea filipes (Vent.)
Common Names: Blue pea (Bahamas), Bejuco de conchitas, Conchita, Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 35. 1928.
Conchita azul, Conchita blanca, Conchita doble, Conchita Pithecellobium impressum Urb., Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 3. 1931.
moñuda, Deleite, Manto de vieja (Cuba), Bejuco de conchitas, Samanea valeuriana Alain, Brittonia 20: 157. 1968.
Conchitas, Diversión de los caminantes (Dominican Republic), Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Honte (Haiti), Blue pea (Jamaica), Bejuco de conchitas, Deleite, References: 115, 149.
Conchitas, Papito (Puerto Rico).
Cojoba micrantha (Benth.) Britton & Rose = Senegalia micrantha
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 45, 224, 379.
Britton & Rose
Cojoba samanensis R.G. García & B. Peguero, Moscosoa 12: 4. 2002
Clitoria ternatea L. f. albiflora (Voigt) Fantz, Moscosoa 6: 164. 1990.
[“2001”]
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, and
Jamaica; native to India.
Reference: 156.
Common Name: Azulejo (Dominican Republic).
References: 149, 379. Cojoba zanonii (Barneby) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 74(2): 57. 1997; Obolinga zanonii Barneby, Brittonia
Clitoria ternatea L. f. fasciculata Fantz, Moscosoa 6: 164. 1990.
41: 167. 1989. Type: Hispaniola, Dominican Republic, Zanoni &
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to India.
García 35610 (Holotype: JBSD, Isotypes: multi).
Clitoria ternatea L. var. pleniflora Fantz, Moscosoa 6: 164. 1990. Common Name: Palo de bolo (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Martinique, References: 115, 123, 156.
St. Vincent), and Puerto Rico; native to India.
Collaea longiflora (Arn.) Benth. = Galactia longiflora Arn. var.
longiflora
Clitoria virginiana L. = Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth.
Collaea pendula (Pers.) Benth. = Galactia pendula Pers.
Codariocalyx gyroides (Link) Hassk., Flora 25: 49. 1842; Desmodium
Colvillea racemosa Bojer, Bot. Mag. 61: t. 3325. 1834.
gyroides (Link) DC., Prodr. 2: 326. 1825.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Trinidad; native to Africa.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica and Puerto Rico; native to Asia and
References: 7, 390.
Malesia.
References: 2, 58, 152, 159, 252. Colvillea racemosa sensu Bello = Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.
number 9 8 • 419
Copaifera hymenifolia Moric. = Guibourtia hymenifolia (Moric.) Leonard St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Trinidad, North
Copaifera officinalis (Jacq.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 557. 1762.
Common Names: Altamisa cimarrona, Gallito cimarrón (Dominican
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Trinidad; native to South
Republic).
America.
References: 1, 7, 19, 58, 61, 110, 123, 131, 301, 340.
Common Names: Bálsamo de copaiba, Copaiba, Copaiva (Cuba), Abey
hembra, Amacey, Copaiba (Dominican Republic). Cowellocassia domingensis (Spreng.) Britton = Senna domingensis
References: 7, 132. (Spreng.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Coronilla occidentalis Willd. = Sesbania emerus (Aubl.) Urb. Cracca brevipes (Benth.) Kuntze = Tephrosia sessiliflora (Poir.) Hassl.
Coronilla scandens L. = Chaetocalyx scandens (L.) Urb. var. scandens Cracca candida (DC.) Kuntze = Tephrosia candida DC.
Coronilla sericea Willd. = Sesbania sericea (Willd.) Link Cracca caribaea (Jacq.) Benth. = Coursetia caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin var.
caribaea
Coronilla varia L., Sp. Pl. 743. 1753.
Distribution: Naturalized in Hispaniola (Dominican Republic: Valle Cracca cathartica (Sessé & Moc.) Britton & Millsp. = Tephrosia senna
Nuevo). Kunth
Reference: 254. Cracca cinerea (L.) Morong = Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers.
Corynella domingensis Steud. = Poitea paucifolia (DC.) Lavin Cracca corallicola Small = Tephrosia angustissima Shuttlew. ex Chapm.
Corynella dubia (Poir.) Urb. = Poitea dubia (Poir.) Lavin var. corallicola (Small) Isely
Corynella gracilis Griseb. = Poitea gracilis (Griseb.) Lavin Cracca domingensis (Willd.) Rydb. = Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers.
Corynella immarginata C. Wright = Poitea immarginata (C. Wright) Cracca purpurea L. = Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers.
Lavin Crotalaria affinis DC. = Crotalaria incana L.
Corynella paucifolia DC. = Poitea paucifolia (DC.) Lavin Crotalaria anagyroides Kunth var. pauciflora Griseb. = Crotalaria
Corynitis domingensis Spreng. = Poitea paucifolia (DC.) Lavin maypurensis Kunth
Coulteria linnaei (Griseb.) Acev.-Rodr., comb. nov., Peltophorum Crotalaria angulata Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
linnaei Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 206. 1860. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Asia and Malesia.
Caesalpinia crista sensu L., 1762, non L., 1753. References: 7, 158.
Caesalpinia cubensis Greenm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 7: 416. 1897. Crotalaria anisophylla Urb. = Crotalaria ekmanii Windler & S.G. Skinner
Peltophorum brasiliense Urb., Symb. Antill 2: 285. 1900.
Caesalpinia violacea Standl., Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 461(4): 61. Crotalaria berteroana DC., Prodr. 2: 127. 1825.
1935; Brasilettia violacea Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Asia.
321. 1930; Robinia violacea Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768, nom. References: 2, 158.
illeg., non Jacq., 1760. Crotalaria brevidens Benth., London J. Bot. 2: 585. 1843.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, and Mexico (Yucatan); Crotalaria intermedia Kotschy, Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss.,
cultivated in Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica). Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1, 50(1): 362. 1865; Crotalaria
Common Names: Yarúa (Cuba); Braziletto (Jamaica). brevidens Benth. var. intermedia (Kotschy) Polhill, Kew Bull. 22:
References: 1, 2, 3, 12, 30, 151, 152. 266. 1968.
Coursetia caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin, Advan. Legume Syst. 3: 63. 1987, Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico, and Lesser
var. caribaea; Galega caribaea Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. Antilles; native to Africa.
212. 1763; Benthamantha caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. References: 6, 7, 58, 158.
Pl. 3(3): 53. 1898; Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Note: Reported by A. Liogier (625) for Guadeloupe and Martinique.
Gen. Pl. 1: 164. 1891; Cracca caribaea (Jacq.) Benth., Vidensk. Crotalaria brevidens Benth. var. intermedia (Kotschy) Polhill =
Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1853(1-2): 9. 1854; Crotalaria brevidens Benth.
Tephrosia caribaea (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 2: 251. 1825.
Crotalaria cajanifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze var. albida Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.
1: 164. 1891.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico and Central America.
Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze var. amorphifolia Kuntze, Revis.
Reference: 254.
Gen. Pl. 1: 165. 1891.
Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze var. edwardsii Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Crotalaria cubensis DC. = Crotalaria incana L.
Pl. 1: 165. 1891. Crotalaria ekmanii Windler & S.G. Skinner, Phytologia 50: 185. 1982.
Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze var. grisebachiana Kuntze, Revis. Crotalaria anisophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 448. 1928, nom. illeg.
Gen. Pl. 1: 164. 1891. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze var. jacquiniana Kuntze, Revis. Reference: 12.
Gen. Pl. 1: 165. 1891.
Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze f. micrantha Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Crotalaria falcata Vahl ex DC. = Crotalaria pallida Aiton var. obovata
Pl. 1: 165. 1891. (G. Don) Polhill
Brittonamra caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze var. mollis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. Crotalaria incana L., Sp. Pl. 716. 1753.
1: 165. 1891. Crotalaria affinis DC., Prodr. 2: 132. 1825.
Tephrosia aniloides Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 258. 1881. Crotalaria cubensis DC., Prodr. 2: 131. 1825.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Crotalaria setifera DC., Prodr. 2: 131. 1825.
(St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke,
St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Crotalaria pallida Aiton var. obovata (G. Don) Polhill, Kew Bull. 22:
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, 265. 1968.
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Crotalaria falcata Vahl ex DC., Prodr. 2: 132. 1825.
Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, South Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John), and Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
America, Africa, and Asia; exotic elsewhere. Grenada, Guadeloupe, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent); native to
Common Names: Velvety rattlebox (Bahamas), Canario, Cascabeillo, Africa, Asia, and Malesia.
Garbancillo, Huevo de gato, Maní cimarrón, Marimena, Common Name: Maraquita (Dominican Republic); Matraca,
Maromera (Cuba), Barraquito, Cachimbito (Dominican Republic), Sonajuelas (Puerto Rico).
Pete-pete, Ti-pois marron, Tipois marron (Haiti), Cascabelillo References: 2, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 158.
vacío (Puerto Rico), Shake-shake (Virgin Islands). Crotalaria pilosa Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 45, 123, 150, 158, 224, 301, 323. Crotalaria pterocaula Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 76. 1814.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico,
Crotalaria intermedia Kotschy = Crotalaria brevidens Benth. Central America, and South America.
References: 2, 3, 7, 12, 156.
Crotalaria juncea L., Sp. Pl. 714. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Crotalaria poeppigii C. Presl = Crotalaria vitellina Ker Gawl.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Crotalaria pterocaula Desv. = Crotalaria pilosa Mill.
Barbados, Martinique), and United States (FL).
Common Names: Cascabel (Cuba), Sunn hemp (Jamaica), Matraca, Crotalaria pumila Ortega, Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec. 23. 1797.
Sonajuelas, Sunn-hemp (Puerto Rico), Rattlebox, Shake-shake Crotalaria littoralis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
(Virgin Islands). & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 401. 1824.
References: 1, 2, 6, 7, 12, 58, 131, 132, 150. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts),
Crotalaria littoralis Kunth = Crotalaria pumila Ortega North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Crotalaria lotifolia L. Sp. Pl. 715. 1753, var. lotifolia Common Name: Low rattlebox (Bahamas).
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 12, 45.
Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Crotalaria purdiana H. Senn, J. Bot. 76: 298. 1938.
Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Mexico and Colombia.
Grenadines, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia), Mexico, and References: 3, 12, 158.
Central America.
Common Name: Cascabelillo axilar (Puerto Rico). Crotalaria quinquefolia L., Sp. Pl. 716. 1753.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 45, 58, 131. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
(Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique), and Trinidad;
Crotalaria lotifolia L. var. eggersii Senn., Rhodora 41: 350. 1939. native to Asia, Malesia, and Pacific Region.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Name: Sen (Dominican Republic).
Crotalaria maritima Chapm. = Crotalaria rotundifolia (Walter) Walter Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
ex J.F. Gmel. Crotalaria ramosissima Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: 268. 1832.
Crotalaria maypurensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Asia.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 403. 1824. Reference: 2.
Crotalaria anagyroides Kunth var. pauciflora Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 69. Crotalaria retusa L., Sp. Pl. 715. 1753.
1866. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
America. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
References: 3, 12, 224. Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius,
Crotalaria micans Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 228. 1822. St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire,
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, North America, Mexico,
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Vincent), Margarita, Central America, and South America; native to Africa, Asia, and
Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Malesia.
References: 1, 158, 323. Common Names: Large yellow rattlebox (Bahamas), Canario,
Cascabeillo, Marimena, Maromera, Marunga (Cuba), Cachimbito,
Crotalaria mucronata Desv. = Crotalaria pallida Aiton var. pallida
Cascabelillo, Samba, Zapatico (Dominican Republic), Pete-pete,
Crotalaria nana Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 156. 1768. Pistache, Pistache marron, Pois franc marron (Haiti), Rattleweed
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to tropical Asia and Malesia. (Jamaica), Cascabelillo, Matraca, Sonajuelas (Puerto Rico),
Reference: 2. Rattleweed, Yellow lupin (Virgin Islands).
Crotalaria pallida Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 20. 1789, var. pallida References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 112, 159, 224, 252, 301,
Crotalaria mucronata Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 76. 1814. 323.
Crotalaria striata DC., Prodr. 2: 131. 1825. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Pantropical; cultivated or naturalized in Cuba, and Crotalaria rotundifolia J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2(2): 1095. 1792.
Jamaica. Crotalaria maritima Chapm., Bot. Gaz. 3: 4. 1878.
Common Names: Maromera (Cuba). Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, North America, Mexico, Central
References: 1, 2, 6, 12, 58, 61, 132, 158, 224, 252. America, South America, and Asia.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. References: 6, 58, 151, 158.
number 9 8 • 421
Crotalaria sagittalis L., Sp. Pl. 714. 1753. Crotalaria vitellina Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg. 6: t. 447. 1820.
Crotalaria sagittalis L. var. fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Crotalaria poeppigii C. Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3:
Jamaica 4: 10. 1920. 553. 1845 [“1844”].
Crotalaria tuerckheimii H. Senn, Rhodora 41: 334. 1939. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, and Central America.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, North References: 3, 7, 12, 224.
America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 12, 58. Crotalaria zanzibarica Benth. = Crotalaria trichotoma Bojer
Crotalaria sagittalis L. var. fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle = Crudia antillana Urb. = Crudia spicata (Aubl.) Willd.
Crotalaria sagittalis L.
Crudia glaberrima (Steud.) J.F. Macbr., Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 20.
Crotalaria saltiana Andrews, Bot. Repos. 9: t. 648. 1812. 1919. Type: Surinam.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Buck Island); Crudia obliqua Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 216. 1860.
native to Africa and Asia. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Martinique, St. Lucia),
Reference: 159. Tobago, and South America.
Crotalaria setifera DC. = Crotalaria incana L. Reference: 1, 158.
Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 341. 1821. Crudia obliqua Griseb. = Crudia glaberrima (Steud.) J.F. Macbr.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Crudia spicata (Aubl.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 539. 1799; Apalatoa spicata
Rico, Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Saba, St. Lucia), Trinidad, North Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 382. 1775.
America, Central America, and South America; native to tropical Crudia antillana Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 10. 1909; Apalatoa antillana
Asia and Malesia. (Urb.) Standl., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 440. 1923.
Common Names: Chicharra, Maromera (Cuba), Maraquita Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and South America
(Dominican Republic). (Guyana).
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 12, 45, 58, 123, 132, 159, 220, 224. Common Names: Aquin, Cordón (Dominican Republic), Cacorne
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. marron, Graines plates (Haiti), Cacoon tree (Jamaica).
Crotalaria stipularia Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 76. 1814, var. stipularia References: 2, 7, 12.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Cynometra americana Vogel, Linnaea 10: 602. 1836.
(Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Trinidad, and South America. Common Name: Courbaril (Haiti).
Common Names: Herbe à quaquia (Lesser Antilles), Cascabelillo, References: 5, 7.
Cascabelillo alado (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 5, 6, 7, 58, 131. Cynometra cubensis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Vasc. 509. 1845, subsp. cubensis
Crotalaria striata DC. = Crotalaria pallida Aiton var. pallida Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Crotalaria tetragona Roxb. ex Andrews, Bot. Repos. 9: t. 593. 1812. References: 39, 149, 427.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Asia. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
References: 2, 159. Cuba (39) and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species.
Crotalaria trichotoma Bojer, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, 4: 265. 1835.
Crotalaria usaramoensis Baker f., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 42: 346. 1914. Cynometra cubensis A. Rich. subsp. ophiticola Borhidi, Acta Agron.
Crotalaria zanzibarica Benth., London J. Bot. 2: 584. 1843. Acad. Sci. Hung. 27: 429. 1978.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, References: 12, 39.
St. Lucia), and North America; native to Africa. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
References: 1, 2, 6, 7, 58, 131, 158. Cuba (39).
Crotalaria tuerckheimii H. Senn = Crotalaria sagittalis L. Cynometra portoricensis Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1:
312. 1899.
Crotalaria urbaniana H. Senn, Rhodora 41: 348. 1939.
Puerto Rico.
References: 3, 39.
Common Name: Oreganillo (Puerto Rico).
References: 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 131.
Cuba (39).
Cytisus cajan L. = Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth
Crotalaria usaramoensis Baker f. = Crotalaria trichotoma Bojer
Cytisus monspessulanus L. = Genista monspessulana (L.) L.A.S. Johnson
Crotalaria verrucosa L., Sp. Pl. 715. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Cytisus sessiliflorus Poir. = Tephrosia sessiliflora (Poir.) Hassl.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Cytisus violaceus Aubl. = Eriosema violaceum (Aubl.) G. Don
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Dalbergia berteroi (DC.) Urb. = Dalbergia monetaria L. f.
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Dalbergia brownei (Jacq.) Schinz, Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 731. 1898;
Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, and United States Amerimnon brownei Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 27. 1760.
(FL); native to Asia and Malesia. Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Common Names: Purple rattlebox (Bahamas), Cascabeillo (Cuba), North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Blue rattleweed (Jamaica), Purple popbush, Shack-shack (Lesser Common Names: Bejuco serná, Bejuco válgame dios, Péndola, Válgame
Antilles), Crotalaria lengua de vaca (Puerto Rico). dios (Cuba), Espuela de gallo, Jazmín (Dominican Republic),
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 45, 131, 132, 150, 159, 224, 301. Liane à clous (Haiti).
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 30, 158.
Dalbergia domingensis Turpin ex Pers. = Lonchocarpus sericeus Dalea scandens (Mill.) R.T. Clausen, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 73: 83. 1946
(Poir.) DC. var. scandens; Psoralea scandens Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl,
References: 3, 224.
Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(3): 335. 1894; Hedysarum ecastaphyllum L.,
Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1169. 1759; Ecastaphyllum ecastaphyllum (L.)
Britton, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 55. 1918. Dalea tephrosioides Griseb. = Indigofera sabulicola Benth.
Ecastaphyllum brownei Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 277. 1807. Darwinia exaltata Raf. = Sesbania herbacea (Mill.) McVaugh
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Deguelia rariflora (Mart. ex Benth.) G.P. Lewis & Acev.-Rodr., comb.
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, nov.; Lonchocarpus rariflorus Mart. ex Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot.
Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, 4(Suppl.): 98. 1860.
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to South America.
Tobago, Trinidad, United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, References: 151, 158, 254.
and South America. Delonix elata (L.) Gamble, Fl. Madras, 396. 1919; Poinciana elata L.,
Common Names: Ti-ti (Bahamas), Bejuco anón, Bejuco baracoa, Bejuco Cent. Pl. 2, 16. 1756; Caesalpinia elata (L.) Sw., Observ. Bot. 166.
serná, Bejuco serná blanco, Péndola (Cuba), Bejuco de peseta 1791. Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 529.3 (LINN), designated by
(Dominican Republic), Liane à clous, Z’herbe à clous (Haiti), Schrire in Turland & Jarvis (ed.), Taxon 46: 479. 1997.
Maraimaray, Maray-maray, Palo de pollo (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Croix); native to Africa and
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132. Asia.
Dalbergia heptaphylla Poir. = Lonchocarpus heptaphyllus (Poir.) DC. References: 30, 152.
Dalbergia monetaria L. f., Suppl. Pl. 317. 1782 [“1781”]; Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 92. 1837; Poinciana
Ecastaphyllum monetaria (L.f.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 277. 1807. regia Bojer ex Hook., Bot. Mag. 56: t. 2884. 1829.
Dalbergia berteroi (DC.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 314. Colvillea racemosa sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 257.
1918; Ecastaphyllum berteroi DC., Prodr. 2: 421. 1825. 1881, non Bojer.
Dalbergia volubilis (L.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 136. 1919. Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. var. genuina Stehlé, Bull. Mus.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Nat. Hist. (Paris), ser. 2, 18: 186. 1946.
Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. var. flavida Stehlé, Bull. Mus. Nat.
Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Hist. (Paris), ser. 2, 18: 186. 1946; Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.)
Common Names: Liane à clous (Haiti), Membrillo, Money bush, Palo Raf. f. flavida (Stehlé) DeFilipps, Ornam. Gard. Pl. Guianas 87.
de brasilete (Puerto Rico). 1992.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61, 131. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Dalbergia pentaphylla Poir. = Lonchocarpus heptaphyllus (Poir.) DC. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 53. 1814. Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
(St. Croix), and United States (FL); native to Asia. Margarita, Trinidad, United States (FL), Central America, and
Common Names: Dalbergia (Cuba), Siso (Puerto Rico). South America; native to Africa.
References: 6, 7, 58, 61, 131, 132, 150, 159. Common Names: Flamboyant, Royal poinciana (Bahamas),
Flamboyant, Framboyán, Framboyant (Cuba), Flamboyán,
Dalbergia volubilis (L.) Urb. = Dalbergia monetaria L. f.
Flamboyant, Framboyán, Poinciana royal (Dominican Republic),
Dalea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Flamboyant, Poinciana (Jamaica), Flamboyant, Flame tree,
Hist., Bot. Ser., 13: 375. 1943, var. carthagenensis; Psoralea Poinciana (Lesser Antilles), Flamboyán, Flamboyant (Puerto Rico),
carthagenensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 27. 1760. Flame tree, Royal Poinciana (Virgin Islands).
Dalea domingensis DC., Prodr. 2: 246. 1825; Parosela domingensis References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 224
(DC.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser., 1(1): 21. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
1895; Parosela domingensis (DC.) A. Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl., ed.
Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. var. genuina Stehlé = Delonix regia
2, 6. 1900.
(Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, United States (FL, TX), and
South America. Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. f. flavida (Stehlé) DeFilipps =
References: 3, 7. Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.
Dalea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. var. portoricana Barneby, Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. var. flavida Stehlé = Delonix regia
Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 27: 518. 1977. Type: Puerto Rico, (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.
Sintenis 2986 (Holotype: NY, Isotypes: BR, M, UC, W). Derris elliptica (Roxb.) Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl.): 111.
Parosela domingensis sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico 1860.
& Virgin Islands 5: 390. 1924, non (DC.) Millsp. Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Croix); native to tropical Asia
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. and Malesia.
Note: Reported by Britton (61) for St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, but the
record is unconfirmed. Desmanthus comosus A. Rich. = Neptunia plena (L.) Benth.
Dalea domingensis DC. = Dalea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. var. Desmanthus depressus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = Desmanthus
carthagenensis virgatus (L.) Willd.
Dalea domingensis DC. var. paucifolia J. M. Coult. = Dalea scandens Desmanthus insularis (Britton & Rose) León = Desmanthus
(Mill.) R. T. Claussen var. paucifolia (J. M. Coult.) Barneby leptophyllus Kunth
number 9 8 • 423
Desmanthus lacustris (Humb. & Bonpl.) Willd. = Neptunia oleracea Lour. Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. var. strictus (Bertol.) Griseb. =
Desmanthus pernambucanus (L.) Thell.
Desmanthus leptophyllus Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 264. 1824. Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 2: 332. 1825; Hedysarum
Type: Venezuela, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (P-HBK). adscendens Sw., Prodr. 106. 1788; Meibomia adscendens (Sw.)
Desmanthus insularis (Britton & Rose) León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 195. 1891. Type: Jamaica, Swartz s.n.
Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 8. 1950; Acuan insulare Britton & (Holotype: S).
Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 133. 1928. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Acuan guadeloupense Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 133. 1928. Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico,
Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Guadeloupe, Central America, and South America.
Martinique), Aruba, Curaçao, Trinidad, United States (FL), Common Names: Amor seco (Dominican Republic), Zarzabacoa galana
Mexico, Central America, and South America. (Puerto Rico).
Common Name: Langalet (Haiti). References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 58, 123, 131, 158, 189, 395.
References: 58, 108, 123, 150, 152. Desmodium affine Schltdl., Linnaea 12: 312. 1838; Meibomia affinis
Desmanthus natans (Vahl) Willd. = Neptunia oleracea Lour. (Schltdl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1891. Type: Brazil.
Desmodium albiflorum Salzm. ex Benth. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras.
Desmanthus pernambucanus (L.) Thell., Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat.
15(1A): 99. 1859; Meibomia albiflora (Salzm. ex Benth.) Kuntze,
Cherbourg 38: 296. 1912; Mimosa pernambucana L., Sp. Pl. 519.
Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1891.
1753.
Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. var. strictus (Bertol.) Griseb., Fl. Brit.
W. I. 218. 1860.
Common Name: Amor seco (Puerto Rico).
Acuan bahamense Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 132. 1928.
References: 7, 30, 58, 158, 301, 395.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St. John, St. Desmodium albiflorum Salzm. ex Benth. = Desmodium affine Schltdl.
Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Desmodium angustifolium (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 2: 328. 1825;
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Hedysarum angustifolium Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt,
Kitts, St. Martin, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Aruba, Curaçao, and A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6:
South America. 517. 1824; Desmodium incanum DC. var. angustifolium (Kunth)
Common Name: Langalet (Haiti). Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 187. 1859; Desmodium supinum (Sw.)
References: 108, 123. DC. var. angustifolium (Kunth) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 291. 1905;
Desmanthus plenus (L.) Willd. = Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. Desmodium canum (J.F. Gmel.) Schinz & Thell. var. angustifolium
(Kunth) León & Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
Desmanthus polyphyllus DC. = Neptunia plena (L.) Benth.
La Salle” 9: 18. 1950.
Desmanthus pubescens B.L. Turner, Field & Lab. 18: 123. 1950. Type: Desmodium supinum (Sw.) DC. var. amblyophyllum Urb., Symb. Antill.
Guatemala, Lundell 3223 (Holotype: MICH, Isotypes: F, SMU). 7: 229. 1912.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and Central America. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Reference: 108. (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
Desmanthus punctatus (L.) Willd. = Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba,
St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
Desmanthus stolonifer DC. = Neptunia oleracea Lour. Vincent), North America, Mexico, Central America, and South
Desmanthus trichostachyus DC. = Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & America.
Arn. var. africana Brenan & Brummitt References: 1, 3, 7, 58, 152, 159.
Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1047. 1806; Mimosa virgata Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 2: 333. 1825, var. axillare;
L., Sp. Pl. 519. 1753; Acuan virgatum (L.) Medik., Theodora 62. Hedysarum axillare Sw., Prodr. 107. 1788; Desmodium axillare
1786. (Sw.) DC. var. genuinum Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 303. 1900;
Acacia leptosperma Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 265. 1881. Meibomia axillaris (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 195. 1891.
Desmanthus depressus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1046. Type: Jamaica, Swartz s.n. (?S).
1806; Acuan depressa (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kuntze, Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. obtusifoliola (Kuntze) Urb., Symb.
Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 158. 1891; Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. var. Antill. 4: 291. 1905.
depressus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) B.L. Turner, Field & Lab. Meibomia umbrosa Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 353. 1910.
18: 61. 1950. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique,
St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles Nevis, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico,
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Central America, and South America.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Common Names: Amor seco, Empanadilla (Cuba), Amor seco
Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, United (Dominican Republic), Wild pindar (Jamaica), Trèfle rampant,
States (FL & TX), Mexico, Central America, and South America. Cousin (Lesser Antilles), Zarzabacoa del monte (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Virgate mimosa (Bahamas), Langalet (Haiti), Ground References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 32, 123, 131, 309, 395.
tamarind (Jamaica), Acacia courant, Acacia savane, Petit acacia, Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. acutifolium (Kuntze) Urb.,
Pompon blanc (Lesser Antilles), Desmanto (Puerto Rico). Symb. Antill. 4: 292. 1905; Meibomia axillaris (Sw.) Kuntze var.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 19, 45, 58, 61, 108, 123, 131. acutifolia Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 195. 1891. Type: Panama.
Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. var. depressus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. angustatum Urb., Symb. Antill. 2:
Willd.) B.L. Turner = Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. 303. 1900.
Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. angustatum Urb. f. robustius Urb., Common Name: Sannite (Haiti).
Symb. Antill. 2: 303. 1900. References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 158.
Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. sintenisii Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: Desmodium distortum (Aubl.) J.F. Macbr., Publ. Field Columbian
303. 1900; Meibomia sintenisii (Urb.) Britton in N.L. Britton & Mus., Bot. Ser., 8(2): 101. 1930; Hedysarum distortum Aubl.,
P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 402. 1924; Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 774. 1775; Meibomia distorta (Aubl.) Schindl.,
Nephromeria sintenisii (Urb.) Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rep. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 281. 1926. Type: French Guiana.
Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 543. 1930. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, South America.
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique), Margarita, References: 3, 395.
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 30, 32, 58, 323, 395. Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 327. 1825.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Tobago, and Trinidad; native to Africa,
Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. angustatum Urb. = Desmodium Asia, Malesia, and Australia.
axillare (Sw.) DC. var. acutifolium (Kuntze) Urb. Reference: 2.
Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. angustatum Urb. f. robustius Urb. = Desmodium glabrum (Mill.) DC., Prodr. 2: 338. 1825; Hedysarum
Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. acutifolium (Kuntze) Urb. glabrum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Meibomia glabra (Mill.)
Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. genuinum Urb. = Desmodium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891.
axillare (Sw.) DC. var. axillare Desmodium molle (Vahl) DC., Prodr. 2: 332. 1825; Hedysarum molle
Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 83. 1791; Meibomia mollis (Vahl) Kuntze,
Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. obtusifoliola (Kuntze) Urb. =
Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891.
Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. axillare
Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. sintenisii Urb. = Desmodium Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
axillare (Sw.) DC. var. acutifolium (Kuntze) Urb. Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Grenadines,
Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. stoloniferum (Rich. ex Poir.) B.G. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Central
Schub., J. Arnold Arbor. 44: 289. 1963. America, and South America.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Common Names: Velvety tick-trefoil (Bahamas), Zarzabacoa dulce
Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe), Mexico, and Central America. (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 7, 32, 58, 395. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 151, 340, 395.
Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth. in F.A.W. Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 224. Desmodium gyroides (Link) DC. = Codariocalyx gyroides (Link)
1852; Hedysarum barbatum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1170. 1759; Hassk.
Meibomia barbata (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 195. 1891. Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 337. 1825.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent); native to Old
Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, St. Lucia), World.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. References: 1, 158.
Common Names: Amor seco (Cuba), Zarzabacoa peluda (Puerto Rico).
Desmodium incanum DC. Prodr. 2: 332. 1825.
References: 7, 58, 61, 75, 131, 132, 151, 158, 301, 395.
Desmodium canum (J.F. Gmel.) Schinz & Thell., Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat.
Desmodium cajanifolium (Kunth) DC., Prod. 2: 331. 1825. Neuchatel 5(2): 371. 1914 [“1913”]
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Desmodium portoricense (Spreng.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 294. 1832;
Vincent); native to Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South Hedysarum portoricense Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 314. 1826.
America. Hedysarum supinum Sw., Prodr. 107. 1788, nom. illeg., non Chaix ex
References: 2, 285, 301, 390. Villars (1779); Meibomia supina (Sw.) Britton, Ann. New York
Desmodium canescens (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 328. 1825; Hedysarum Acad. Sci. 7: 83. 1892; Desmodium supinum (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 2:
canescens L., Sp. Pl. 748. 1753. 332. 1825.
Distribution: Exotic to Cuba and Hispaniola; native to North America. Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Common Names: Amor seco chico, Pega pega (Cuba). Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix,
References: 5, 7, 132. St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
(Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
Desmodium canum (J.F. Gmel.) Schinz & Thell. var. angustifolium Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba,
(Kunth) León & Alain = Desmodium incanum DC. var. St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
angustifolium (Kunth) Griseb. Vincent), Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Trinidad, North America,
Desmodium canum (J.F. Gmel.) Schinz & Thell. var. canum = Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Desmodium incanum DC. var. incanum Common Names: Amor seco (Dominican Republic), Cacoyer grand
wiss, Sweethearts (Lesser Antilles).
Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC., Prodr. 2: 329. 1825;
References: 1, 2, 4, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 123, 131, 132, 151, 152, 189,
Hedysarum ciliare Muhl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1196. 1802.
323, 340, 395.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, North America
and Central America. Desmodium incanum DC. var. angustifolium (Kunth) Griseb. =
Common Name: Amor seco (Cuba). Desmodium angustifolium (Kunth) DC.
References: 3, 5, 7, 45. Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 292. 1920;
Desmodium cubense Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 73. 1866; Meibomia cubensis Hedysarum intortum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
(Griseb.) Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 147. 1924. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, North
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Central America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
America. References: 2, 5, 6, 7, 58.
number 9 8 • 425
Desmodium molle (Vahl) DC. = Desmodium glabrum (Mill.) DC. Meibomia purpurea (Mill.) Vail ex Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 639. 1903.
Desmodium motorium (Houtt.) Merr. = Codariocalyx motorius
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser
(Houtt.) H. Ohashi
Desmodium nicaraguense Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St.
Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1853(1-2): 16. 1854. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, North
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Mexico and Central America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
America. Common Names: Twisted tick-trefoil (Bahamas), Amor seco
Reference: 7. (Dominican Republic), Beggarweed, Sweetheart (Lesser Antilles),
Desmodium obtusum (Willd.) DC. = Desmodium rigidum (Elliott) DC. Cadillo, Cadillo pegajoso, Junquillo, Zarzabacoa junquillo,
Zarzabacoa tortuosa (Puerto Rico), Tick trifoil (Virgin Islands).
Desmodium portoricense (Spreng.) G. Don = Desmodium incanum DC. References: 1, 2, 4, 7, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 151, 323, 395.
var. incanum
Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 334. 1825; Hedysarum
Desmodium procumbens (Mill.) Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. triflorum L., Sp. Pl. 749. 1753; Meibomia triflora (L.) Kuntze,
Gard. 4: 76. 1893; Hedysarum procumbens Mill., Gard. Dict., Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1891; Sagotia triflora (L.) Duchass. &
ed. 8. 1768; Meibomia procumbens (Mill.) Britton in N.L. Britton Walp., Linnaea 23: 738. 1851.
& P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 404. 1924. Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Type: Jamaica, Houston s.n. (Holotype: BM). Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St.
Desmodium spirale (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 2: 332. 1825; Hedysarum spirale Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Sw., Prodr. 107. 1788; Meibomia spiralis (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Pl. 1: 197. 1891. Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
Desmodium tenuiculum DC., Prodr. 2: 333. 1825. St. Martin, St. Vincent), Curaçao, Trinidad, Tobago, United States
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (FL), Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World.
(Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Common Names: Amor seco (Cuba), Acaba pangola, Acaba pasto,
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines, Marlomin, Orejita de ratón (Dominican Republic), Zarzabacoa de
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), tres flores (Puerto Rico).
Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Trinidad, North America, References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 150, 151,
Mexico, Central America, and South America. 158, 224, 301, 395.
Common Names: Collant, Cousin, Trèfle (Lesser Antilles), Zarzabacoa Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
espiral (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 58, 75, 131, 151, 158, 323, 340, 395. Desmodium triquetrum (L.) DC. = Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H. Ohashi
Desmodium rigidum (Elliott) DC., Prodr. 2: 330. 1825; Hedysarum Desmodium wydlerianum Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 302. 1900; Meibomia
rigidum Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2(3): 215. 1823. wydleriana (Urb.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv.
Desmodium obtusum (Willd.) DC., Prodr. 2: 329. 1825. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 403. 1924. Syntypes: Puerto Rico,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, and Central America. Wydler 140 (G); Grenada, Eggers 6009; Tobago Eggers 5794.
References: 3, 132, 152. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
(Grenada), Tobago, Central America, and South America.
Desmodium scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1: 122. 1813; References: 7, 30, 58, 61, 151.
Hedysarum scorpiurus Sw., Prodr. 107. 1788; Meibomia Note: Known in Grenada (Lesser Antilles) from two old collections.
scorpiurus (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith, Lloydia 2: 184. 1939; Arouna
Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 16. 1775.
Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Puerto Rico; native to Central and
St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Aruba, Margarita, South America.
Tobago, Mexico, Central America, and South America. References: 151, 383.
Common Names: Amor seco (Cuba), Zarzabacoa cola de escorpión Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. var. africana Brenan &
(Puerto Rico). Brummitt, Bol. Soc. Brot., ser. 2, 39: 78. 1965.
References: 1, 2, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 131, 132, 150, 151, 301, 323, 340, Desmanthus trichostachyus DC., Prodr. 2: 445. 1825.
395. Dichrostachys glomerata (Forssk.) Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 13: 409.
Desmodium spirale (Sw.) DC. = Desmodium procumbens (Mill.) 1915; Mimosa glomerata Forssk., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 13: 409.
Hitchc. var. procumbens 1915.
Dichrostachys nutans (Pers.) Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 353. 1842;
Desmodium supinum (Sw.) DC. = Desmodium incanum DC. var. Mimosa nutans Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(1): 266. 1806.
incanum Piptadenia stenadenia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 81. 1866.
Desmodium supinum (Sw.) DC. var. amblyophyllum Urb. = Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe,
Desmodium incanum DC. var. angustifolium (Kunth) Griseb. Marie Galante, Martinique) and United States (FL); native to
Africa.
Desmodium supinum (Sw.) DC. var. angustifolium (Griseb.) Urb. =
References: 1, 3, 175, 150, 224, 383.
Desmodium incanum DC. var. angustifolium (Kunth) Griseb.
Desmodium tenuiculum DC. = Desmodium procumbens (Mill.) Hitchc.
Dichrostachys glomerata (Forssk.) Chiov. = Dichrostachys cinerea (L.)
var. procumbens
Wight & Arn. var. africana Brenan & Brummitt
Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 2: 332. 1825; Hedysarum
Dichrostachys nutans (Pers.) Benth. = Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight
tortuosum Sw., Prodr. 107. 1788; Meibomia tortuosa (Sw.) Kuntze,
& Arn. var. africana Brenan & Brummitt
Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891. Type: Jamaica, Swartz s.n. (S).
Dimorphandra ekmanii Urb. = Mora ekmanii (Urb.) Britton & Rose Dolicholus pyramidalis (Lam.) Britton & P. Wilson = Rhynchosia
pyramidalis (Lam.) Urb.
Dioclea galactioides Griseb. = Galactia galactioides (Griseb.) Hitchc.
Dolicholus reticulatus (Sw.) Millsp. = Rhynchosia reticulata (Sw.) DC.
Dioclea hexandra sensu Mabb. = Dioclea reflexa Hook. f.
Dolicholus swartzii Vail = Rhynchosia swartzii (Vail) Urb.
Dioclea jacquiniana DC. = Galactia rubra (Jacq.) Urb.
Dolichos altissimus Jacq. = Mucuna urens (L.) Medik.
Dioclea jacquiniana sensu Bello = Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet
Dolichos angularis Willd. = Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi
Dioclea megacarpa Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1901: 139: 1901.
Type: Trinidad, Hart 6406 (Lectotype: K). Dolichos ensiformis L. = Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Martinique, St. Dolichos erosus L. = Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.
Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, and South America.
Common Name: Donkey eyes (Lesser Antilles). Dolichos gladiatus Jacq. = Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC.
References: 1, 399. Dolichos insularis Britton = Oxyrhynchus volubilis Brandegee
Dioclea mollicoma Ducke, Trop. Woods 90: 19. 1947. Type: Brazil. Dolichos lablab L. = Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica) and South America.
Dolichos lobatus Willd. = Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata
(Willd.) Maesen & Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep
Dioclea reflexa Hook. f. in W.J. Hooker, Niger Fl. 306. 1849;
Dolichos luteolus Jacq. = Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.
Canavalia reflexa (Hook. f.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales
Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 337. 1869. Dolichos maritimus Aubl. = Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC.
Canavalia miniata sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 76. 1866, non DC. Dolichos minimus L. = Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC.
Dioclea hexandra sensu Mabb., Taxon 29: 605. 1980, non Maxwell.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Dolichos monachalis Brot. = Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, and South America. Dolichos obtusifolius Lam. = Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC.
Common Names: Ojo de buey de costa (Cuba), Bejuco de mato, Maya
Dolichos phaseoloides Roxb. = Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.
prieta (Puerto Rico).
References: 2, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61, 71, 131, 132, 224, 399. Dolichos pruriens L. = Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. pruriens
Note: Not collected in Jamaica for more than 100 years; considered Dolichos purpureus L. = Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet
exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Dolichos pyramidalis Lam. = Rhynchosia pyramidalis (Lam.) Urb.
Dioclea rudolphioides Griseb. = Galactia rudolphioides (Griseb.) Benth.
& Hook. f. ex Sauvalle var. rudolphioides Dolichos pyramidalis sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Rhynchosia
phaseoloides (Sw.) DC.
Dioclea violacea Mart. ex Benth., Commentat. Legum. Gen. 69. 1837.
Distribution: Reported for Cuba, apparently under cultivation; native Dolichos regularis L. = Galactia regularis (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
to Tobago, Trinidad, and South America. Dolichos repens L. = Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.
References: 3, 158.
Dolichos roseus Sw. = Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC.
Dioclea wilsonii Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser., 4(8):
Dolichos ruber Jacq. = Galactia rubra (Jacq.) Urb.
310. 1929. Type: Honduras.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and Dolichos tuberosus Lam. = Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng.
South America. Dolichos umbellatus Thunb. = Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi
Dolichos uncinatus L. = Teramnus uncinatus (L.) Sw.
Diphysa americana (Mill.) M. Sousa, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77:
576. 1990. Dolichos unguiculatus L. = Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Diphysa robinioides Benth. & Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Dolichos urens L. = Mucuna urens (L.) Medik.
Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1853(1-2): 11. 1853.
Drepanocarpus lunatus (L.) G. Mey. = Machaerium lunatum (L.) Ducke
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Mexico and Central
America. Dussia martinicensis Krug & Urb. ex Taub. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E.
References: 7, 152, 153. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(3): 193. 1892. Type: Martinique, Duss
1072 (Isotypes: NY, US).
Diphysa robinioides Benth. & Oerst. = Diphysa americana (Mill.)
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
M. Sousa
Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent) and South America.
Ditremexa confusa Britton ex Britton & Rose = Senna ligustrina (L.) Common Names: Bois gamelle, Caconnier blanc, Conishee, Gamelle,
H.S. Irwin & Barneby Pommier (Lesser Antilles).
Ditremexa hirsuta (L.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson = Senna References: 1, 415.
hirsuta (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. hirsuta Dussia sanguinea Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 9. 1931. Type:
Ditremexa ligustrina (L.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson = Haiti, Ekman 10709 (Isotypes: IJ, NY).
Senna ligustrina (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Name: Bois sang (Haiti).
Ditremexa occidentalis (L.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson = References: 7, 415.
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link
Ecastaphyllum berteroi DC. = Dalbergia monetaria L. f.
Ditremexa sophera (L.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson = Senna
sophera (L.) Roxb. Ecastaphyllum brownei Pers. = Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub.
Dolicholus minimus (L.) Medik. = Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. Ecastaphyllum ecastaphyllum (L.) Britton = Dalbergia ecastaphyllum
(L.) Taub.
number 9 8 • 427
Ecastaphyllum monetaria (L.f.) Pers. = Dalbergia monetaria L. f. Eriosema crinitum (Kunth) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 348. 1832, var.
crinitum; Glycine crinita Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt,
Emelista tora sensu Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson = Senna
obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
1824.
Emerus herbaceus Mill. = Sesbania herbacea (Mill.) McVaugh Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Margarita,
Entada gigas (L.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 4: 124. 1920; Mimosa Trinidad, and South America.
gigas L., Fl. Jamaic. 22. 1759. References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 323, 393.
Entada phaseoloides sensu León & Alain, Fl. Cuba 2: 253. 1951, non Eriosema domingense Urb. & Ekman = Eriosema rufum (Kunth)
(L.) Merrill. G. Don var. rufum
Entada scandens (L.) Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 332. 1842.
Eriosema rufum (Kunth) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 347. 1832, var. rufum;
Glycine rufa Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
(Guadeloupe, Martinique), Central America, and South America.
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 423. 1824. Type.
Common Names: Caracol, Chocho, Samo, Zamo, Water vine
Venezuela.
(Dominican Republic), Cacorne, Liane cacorne (Haiti), Cacoon
Eriosema adulterinum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 50. 1928.
(Jamaica), Liane boeuf, Liane oua-oua (Lesser Antilles).
Eriosema domingense Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 49. 1928.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 123, 132, 158, 175, 224, 306.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola (Haiti), Trinidad, and South
America.
Entada phaseoloides sensu León & Alain = Entada gigas (L.) Fawc. & References: 7, 393.
Rendle
Eriosema simplicifolium (Kunth) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 348. 1832,
Entada polyphylla Benth. = Entada polystachya (L.) DC. var. var. simplicifolium; Glycine simplicifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von
polyphylla (Benth.) Barneby Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto
Entada polystachya (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 425. 1825 var. polystachya; ed.) 6: 419. 1824. Type. Venezuela. Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.
Mimosa polystachya L., Sp. Pl. 520. 1753. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America,
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, and South America.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Central References: 5, 7, 158, 393.
America, and South America. Eriosema violaceum (Aubl.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 347. 1832; Cytisus
Common Names: Chocho, Samo (Dominican Republic), Liane à violaceus Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 766. 1775.
agoutis, Manioc-la-chapelle (Lesser Antilles). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and
References: 1, 3, 6, 7, 301, 397. South America.
Entada polystachya (L.) DC. var. polyphylla (Benth.) Barneby, References: 3, 147, 393.
Brittonia 48: 175. 1996; Entada polyphylla Benth., J. Bot. Ervum hirsutum L. = Vicia hirsuta (L.) A. Gray
(Hooker) 2: 133. 1840; Entadopsis polyphylla (Benth.) Britton, N.
Erythrina acunae Borhidi, Acta Agron. Acad. Sci. Hung. 27: 430. 1978.
Amer. Fl. 23(3): 191. 1928.
Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and
South America.
Cuba (39).
Note: Not collected in Puerto Rico for over a century. Erythrina berteroana Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 370. 1908. Type:
Colombia.
Entada scandens (L.) Benth. = Entada gigas (L.) Fawc. & Rendle
Distribution: Native in Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America,
Entadopsis polyphylla (Benth.) Britton = Entada polystachya (L.) DC. and South America; naturalized in Puerto Rico.
var. polyphylla (Benth.) Barneby Common Names: Piñón de cerca, Piñón de Cuba, Piñón de pito, Piñón
Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 226. 1860; forastero (Cuba), Amapola de cerca, Brucal, Brujal, Machetico,
Mimosa cyclocarpa Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 30. 1800; Feuilleea Mapola, Piñón amoroso de España, Piñón, Piñon de España,
cyclocarpa (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 184. 1891; Inga Piñon de España amoroso (Dominican Republic), Bucayo enano,
cyclocarpa (Jacq.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1026. 1806; Pithecellobium Bucayo sin espinas, Machete (Puerto Rico).
cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Mart., Hort. Reg. Monac. 188. 1829. References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 123, 131, 132, 224, 252, 402.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Virgin Islands (St. John), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Martinique, Erythrina buchii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 157. 1921.
Montserrat, St. Lucia), Margarita, Trinidad, and United States Type: Haiti, Buch 957 (Holotype: B).
(FL); native to Mexico, Central America, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Names: Algarrobo francés, Árbol de las orejas, Oreja de References: 7, 402.
negro, Oreja de judío, Orejón (Cuba), Framboyán extranjero,
Erythrina corallodendron L., Sp. Pl. 706. 1753, var. corallodendron
Oreja (Dominican Republic), Bois tanniste rouge (Haiti), Elephant
Type: Jamaica.
ear, Monkey soap (Jamaica), Monkey ear, Oreille à mulâtre,
Oreille d’éléphant (Lesser Antilles), Dormilón, Guanacaste, Oreja
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas, Tortola), and Lesser
de mono (Puerto Rico), Earpod tree, Monkey ear (Virgin Islands).
Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 175, 224.
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
Vincent); cultivated throughout the tropics.
Enterolobium saman (Jacq.) Prain ex King = Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Common Names: Amapola, Mampolo (Dominican Republic), Arbre à
Eriosema adulterinum Urb. & Ekman = Eriosema rufum (Kunth) corail, Immortel (Haiti), Cutlass bush, Dabdab, Duppy machete,
G. Don var. rufum Indian coral tree, Spanish machete (Jamaica), Devil’s tree,
Immortel, Lent tree, Red bean tree, Jumbie bread, Shrove Tuesday Common Names: Bois immortelle, Búcar, Bucare, Bucayo, Bucayo
(Lesser Antilles). gigante, Brucayo, Palo de boya (Puerto Rico).
Erythrina corallodendron L. var. bicolor Krukoff, Brittonia 3: 275. 1939.
Type: Montserrat, Shafer 562 (Holotype: US, Isotypes: F, NY). Erythrina glauca Willd. = Erythrina fusca Lour.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Erythrina grisebachii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 453. 1928. Type: Cuba,
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat Ekman 17712 (Holotype: B, Isotypes: NY, S).
St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Bois immortelle, Coral tree, Jumbie cutlass (Lesser Common Names: Piñón botija, Piñón-florido, Piñón inglés, Piñón real
Antilles). (Cuba).
Erythrina corallodendron L. var. connata Krukoff, Brittonia 3: 276. Erythrina horrida Eggers = Erythrina eggersii Krukoff & Moldenke
1939. Type: St. Thomas, Britton & Britton 231 (Holotype: NY).
Distribution: Endemic to Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas). Erythrina indica Lam. = Erythrina variegata L. var. variegata
References: 149, 402. Erythrina leptopoda Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 14. 1926. Type:
Erythrina corallodendron sensu A. Stahl = Erythrina eggersii Krukoff & Haiti, Ekman H-1364 (Holotype: B, Isotypes: S, US).
Moldenke Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Names: Arbor maurepasia (Dominican Republic), Bâton de
Erythrina cordifolia Juss. ex DC. = Neorudolphia volubilis (Willd.) Britton socier, Bois immortel, Le maurepas (Haiti).
Erythrina crista-galli L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 437. 1767. Type: Brazil. References: 5, 7, 123, 402.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Erythrina linearifoliata Areces, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 3: 11. 1975.
Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent); native to South Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
America. Reference: 149.
Common Names: Piñón francés (Cuba), Coral (Dominican Republic),
Ceibo, Cock’s spur, Coral tree, Cresta de gallo, Flor nacional, Erythrina micropteryx Poepp. ex Walp. = Erythrina poeppigiana
Peruvian national flower (Puerto Rico). (Walp.) O.F. Cook
References: 1, 3, 6, 7, 58, 123, 131, 132, 224, 402. Erythrina pallida Britton & Rose, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 332.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. 1922.
Erythrina cubensis C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Distribution: Cultivated in Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent), Tobago and
Habana 5: 336. 1869. Type: Cuba, Wright 1183. Trinidad; native to South America.
Erythrina venosa Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 70. References: 158, 390.
1920. Erythrina piscipula L. = Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.
Erythrina planisiliqua L. = Rhodopis planisiliqua (L.) Urb. var.
Common Names: Piñón de costa, Piñón de sierra, Piñón espinoso (Cuba).
planisiliqua
References: 3, 402.
Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F. Cook, U.S.D.A. Div. Bot. Bull. 25:
Erythrina eggersii Krukoff & Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 289. 1938.
57. 1901; Micropteryx poeppigiana Walp., Linnaea 23: 740. 1851.
Type: Virgin Islands.
Type: Peru.
Erythrina horrida Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 45. 1879.
Erythrina micropteryx Poepp. ex Walp., Linnaea 23: 740. 1851.
Erythrina corallodendron sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 89.
Erythrina umbrosa sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 263.
1885, non L.
1881, non Kunth.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St.
Erythrina umbrosa sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 90. 1885,
John, St. Thomas).
non Kunth.
Common Names: Búcar, Bucare, Bucayo, Brucayo, Coral vegetal,
Espuela de gallo, Piñon espinoso (Puerto Rico), Cock’s spur
(Virgin Islands).
Montserrat, St. Lucia), Trinidad, and Tobago; native to Central
References: 1, 6, 19, 58, 131, 402, 427.
America and South America.
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Common Names: Búcare, Búcare común, Piñón de sombra (Cuba),
Erythrina elenae R.A. Howard & W.R. Briggs, J. Arnold Arbor. 34: Amapola, Amapola de sombra, Brocal, Brucal, Brujal, Bucare,
183. 1953. Type: Cuba, Howard et al. 377 (Holotype: A, Isotype: Mapola, Madre del cacao (Dominican Republic), Bois immortel
IAN, NY). (Haiti), Anauca, Mountain immortelle (Jamaica), Immortelle,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Immortel jaune (Lesser Antilles), Bois immortelle, Búcar, Bucare,
References: 3, 39, 402, 427. Bucayo, Bucayo gigante, Brucayo, Mountain immortelle, Palo de
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of boya (Puerto Rico).
Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 58, 61, 224, 402.
Species. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Erythrina fusca Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 427. 1790. Type: Vietnam. Erythrina portoricensis Desf. = Neorudolphia volubilis (Willd.) Britton
Erythrina glauca Willd., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3:
Erythrina standleyana Krukoff, Brittonia 3: 301. 1939. Type: Cuba,
428. 1801.
Britton et al. 14522 (Holotype: NY, Isotypes: F, GH, US).
Distribution: Native to Cuba and Mexico (Yucatan).
(St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia,
References: 3, 77.
St. Vincent), Tobago and Trinidad.
number 9 8 • 429
Erythrina umbrosa sensu A. Stahl = Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F. Feuilleea cyclocarpa (Jacq.) Kuntze = Enterolobium cyclocarpum
Cook (Jacq.) Griseb.
Erythrina umbrosa sensu Bello = Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F. Feuilleea dominicensis (Benth.) Kuntze = Inga dominicensis Benth.
Cook Feuilleea dulcis (Roxb.) Kuntze = Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.
Erythrina variegata L. Herb. Amboin. 10. 1754. Feuilleea fagifolia (L.) Kuntze = Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd.
Erythrina indica Lam., Encycl. 2: 391. 1786.
Erythrina variegata L. var. orientalis (L.) Merr. Interpr. Herb. Amboin. Feuilleea fastuosa (Jacq.) Kuntze = Inga fastuosa (Jacq.) Willd.
276. 1917. Feuilleea fendleriana (Benth.) Kuntze = Inga fendleriana Benth.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Feuilleea formosa (Kunth) Kuntze = Zapoteca formosa (Kunth) H.M.
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser
Hern. subsp. formosa
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Martin), and Feuilleea haematocephala (Hassk.) Kuntze = Calliandra
Trinidad; native to Asia, Malesia, Australia, and Pacific Region. haematocephala Hassk.
Common Names: Amapola, Árbol maurepasia, Mapoleona, Feuilleea histrix (A. Rich.) Kuntze = Pithecellobium histrix (A. Rich.)
Maurepasia, Petaqueros (Dominican Republic), Arbre à corail, Benth.
Bâton de sorcier, Bois immortel, Bois immortel vrai, Erythrine
des Antilles, Fleurs immortelles, Fleurs mortelles, Immortelles, Le Feuilleea inga (L.) Kuntze = Inga vera Willd. subsp. vera
maurepas, Maurepasia, Mortelle (Haiti), Dabdab, Indian coral Feuilleea ingoides (Rich.) Kuntze = Inga ingoides (Rich.) Willd.
tree (Jamaica), Easter flower, Holocauste, Immortel grand, Mótèl
Feuilleea latifolia (L.) Kuntze = Zygia latifolia (L.) Fawc. & Rendle var.
(Lesser Antilles), Bucayo haitiano, Pompón haitiano (Puerto Rico).
latifolia
References: 1, 6, 7, 123, 131, 158, 228, 231, 402.
Feuilleea laurina (Sw.) Kuntze = Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd.
Erythrina variegata L. var. orientalis (L.) Merr. = Erythrina variegata L.
Feuilleea lebbeck (L.) Kuntze = Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.
Erythrina velutina Willd., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften
3: 426. 1801. Type: Venezuela. Feuilleea martinicensis (C. Presl) Kuntze = Inga martinicensis C. Presl
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Feuilleea obovalis (A. Rich.) Kuntze = Abarema obovalis (A. Rich.)
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Grenada, Grenadines, Martinique), Aruba, Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, and Tobago; native to South America.
Common Names: Coral tree, Red bean tree (Jamaica), Immortelle Feuilleea pedicellata (Benth.) Kuntze = Calliandra pedicellata Benth.
(Lesser Antilles). Feuilleea portoricensis (Jacq.) Kuntze = Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.)
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 40, 158, 224, 402. H.M. Hern. subsp. portoricensis
Feuilleea prehensilis (C. Wright) Kuntze = Sphinga prehensilis
Erythrina venosa Britton & P. Wilson = Erythrina cubensis C. Wright (C. Wright) Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Erythrostemon gilliesii (Wall. ex Hook.) Klotzsch, Icon. Pl. Rar. 2: 98. Feuilleea punctata (Willd.) Kuntze = Inga punctata Willd.
1844; Caesalpinia gilliesii (Wall. ex Hook.) Benth. in C.F.P. von
Feuilleea saman (Jacq.) Kuntze = Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.
Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(2): 71. 1870; Poinciana gilliesii Wall. ex
Hook., Bot. Misc. 1: 129. 1830. Type: Argentina. Feuilleea unguis-cati (L.) Kuntze = Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.)
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, North America, and Old World; Benth.
native to South America. Feuilleea venosa (Griseb. ex Benth.) Kuntze = Inga fastuosa (Jacq.)
Common Name: Espiga de amor (Puerto Rico). Willd.
Fishlockia anegadensis (Britton) Britton & Rose = Vachellia anegadensis
Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New York (Britton) Seigler & Ebinger
Bot. Gard. 74(1): 255. 1996; Albizia moluccana Miq., Fl. Ned.
Ind. 1: 26. 1855. Flemingia lineata (L.) Roxb. ex W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 4: 350.
Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosberg, Reinwardtia 7: 88. 1965; Paraserianthes 1812; Hedysarum lineatum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1170. 1759.
falcataria (L.) I. C. Nielsen in Nielsen et al., Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to Asia, Malesia,
B, Adansonia 4, 5: 327. 1983. and Australia.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe); Common Name: Malva de ciénaga (Cuba).
native to Asia, Malesia, and Pacific Region. References: 3, 7, 132, 158, 224.
Feuilleea acuminata (Benth.) Kuntze = Inga acuminata Benth. Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Kuntze ex Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 5: 130.
1910.
Feuilleea asplenifolia (Griseb.) Kuntze = Abarema asplenifolia (Griseb.) Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Jamaica; native to Asia.
Barneby & J.W. Grimes Common Name: Flemingia (Dominican Republic).
Feuilleea berteroana (Balb. ex DC.) Kuntze = Albizia berteroana (Balb. References: 2, 123, 158.
ex DC.) Fawc. & Rendle Flemingia strobilifera (L.) W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 4: 350.
Feuilleea circinalis (L.) Kuntze = Pithecellobium circinale (L.) Benth. 1812; Hedysarum strobiliferum L., Sp. Pl. 746. 1753.
Feuilleea colletioides (Griseb.) Kuntze = Calliandra haematomma
(Bertero ex DC.) Benth. var. colletiodes (Griseb.) Barneby
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and
Feuilleea comosa (Sw.) Kuntze = Calliandra comosa (Sw.) Benth. Trinidad and Tobago; native to southeast Asia.
Common Names: Flemingia (Cuba), Camarones, Camarones secos Galactia dubia DC. var. guanicensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 318. 1900.
(Dominican Republic), Wild hops (Jamaica), Luck plant, Sainfoin Galactia filiformis sensu Griseb., in part, Fl. Brit. W. I. 194. 1860, non
du bengale, Wild hops, Zeb care (Lesser Antilles). (Jacq.) Benth.
References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 123, 131, 132, 301. Galactia filiformis sensu Eggers in part, Fl. St. Croix 44. 1879, non
(Jacq.) Benth.
Galactia acunana Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17:
Galactia filiformis sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 66. 1885,
7. 1972 [“1971”].
non (Jacq.) Benth.
Galactia filiformis (Jacq.) Benth. var. minor Kuntze f. albida Kuntze,
Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 189. 1891.
Galactia regularis sensu Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.,
Cuba (39).
2(1): 52. 1900, non Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
Galactia albiflora Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 316. 1900. Galactia tenuiflora sensu Benth. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(1):
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe). 143. 1859, non (Klein ex Willd.) Wight & Arn.
References: 1, 30. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba,
Galactia angustifolia Kunth var. monophylla Griseb. = Galactia Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana,
parvifolia A. Rich. var. monophylla (Griseb.) Urb. St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), and Lesser Antilles
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,
Galactia angustifolia Kunth var. retusa C. Wright ex Griseb. = Galactia Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Martin).
regularis (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. References: 1, 3, 6, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61.
Galactia angustifolia sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 194. 1860 = Galactia Galactia dubia DC. var. angustata Urb. = Galactia dubia DC. var. dubia
longifolia (Jacq.) Benth.
Galactia dubia DC. var. ehrenbergii Urb. = Galactia dubia DC. var. dubia
Galactia angustifolia sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 75. 1866 = Galactia
parvifolia A. Rich. var. triphylla Urb. Galactia dubia DC. var. guanicensis Urb. = Galactia dubia DC. var.
dubia
Galactia angustifolia sensu Hitchc. = Galactia uniflora Urb.
Galactia dubia sensu Schltdl. = Galactia filiformis (Jacq.) Benth. var.
Galactia bahamensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 331. 1900. filiformis
Common Name: Bahama milk-pea (Bahamas). Galactia earlei Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 450. 1916, subsp.
References: 30, 45. earlei
Galactia berteroana DC. = Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. Reference: 3.
Galactia berteroana sensu A. Stahl = Galactia dubia DC. var. dubia Galactia earlei Britton subsp. toaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot.
Galactia brachyodon Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 178. 1860. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 7. 1972 [“1971”].
Galactia buchii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 372. 1908. Galactia eggersii Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 311. 1900.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Galactia pendula sensu Knox, Cat. 83. 1857, non Pers.
Common Name: Coulève (Haiti). Galactia tenuiflora Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 44. 1879.
References: 5, 7. Distribution: Endemic to Virgin Islands (Guana,St. John, St. Thomas,
Tortola).
Galactia caimitensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 46. 1928.
References: 5, 7. Galactia emarginata (Desv.) Desv. = Galactia pendula Pers.
Galactia carnea Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 10. 1931. Galactia excisa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 47. 1928.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Galactia combsii Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 319. 1900. Galactia filiformis sensu Bello = Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Galactia filiformis sensu Chapm. = Galactia spiciformis Torr. & A. Gray
References: 3, 30.
Galactia filiformis sensu Eggers, in part = Galactia dubia DC. var.
Galactia cubensis Kunth = Galactia spiciformis Torr. & A. Gray dubia
Galactia cuneata Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Galactia filiformis sensu Eggers, in part = Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb.
Salle” 9: 18. 1950.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Galactia filiformis sensu Griseb. = Galactia dubia DC. var. dubia
Reference: 3. Galactia filiformis sensu Griseb., in part = Galactia spiciformis Torr. &
Galactia dictyophylla Urb., Dansk Bot. Ark. 4(7): 6. 1924. A. Gray
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Galactia filiformis sensu Griseb., in part = Galactia laxiflora Urb.
Reference: 7.
Galactia filiformis sensu A. Stahl = Galactia dubia DC. var. dubia
Galactia dubia DC., Prodr. 2: 238. 1825, var. dubia
Galactia filiformis (Jacq.) Benth., Commentat. Legum. Gen. 63. 1837,
Galactia berteroana sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 67. 1885,
var. filiformis; Galega filiformis Jacq., Collectanea 2: 348. 1789
non DC.
[“1788”]; Sweetia filiformis (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 2: 382. 1825.
Galactia dubia DC. var. angustata Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 318. 1900.
Galactia dubia sensu Schltdl., Linnaea 5: 178. 1830, non DC.
Galactia dubia DC. var. ehrenbergii Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 318. 1900.
number 9 8 • 431
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Trinidad and Venezuela. Galactia filiformis sensu Griseb., in part, Fl. Brit. W. I. 194. 1860, non
References: 5, 7. (Jacq.) Benth.
Galactia filiformis (Jacq.) Benth. var. abbreviata Urb., Symb. Antill. 2:
Jamaica.
327. 1900.
References: 7, 30. Galactia leucocarpa Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 9: 414. 1826.
Glycine leucosperma Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1: 78. 1814.
Galactia filiformis (Jacq.) Benth. var. cubensis (Kunth) Griseb. =
Galactia spiciformis Torr. & A. Gray
References: 5, 7.
Galactia filiformis (Jacq.) Benth. var. cubensis (Kunth) M. Gómez =
Galactia lignosa (Turpin ex Pers.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 332. 1900;
Galactia spiciformis Torr. & A. Gray
Glycine lignosa Turpin ex Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 301. 1807; Sweetia
Galactia filiformis (Jacq.) Benth. var. minor Kuntze f. albida Kuntze = lignosa (Turpin ex Pers.) DC., Prodr. 2: 382. 1825.
Galactia dubia DC. var. dubia Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Galactia floridana Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer.1: 288. 1838. References: 5, 7, 30.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba. Galactia longiflora sensu Griseb. = Galactia rubra (Jacq.) Urb.
Reference: 254 (Palmer 1139).
Galactia longiflora Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 206. 1834; Collaea
Galactia fuertesii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 231. 1912. longiflora (Arn.) Benth., Commentat. Legum. Gen. 64. 1837.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Grenada,
References: 5, 7, 30. Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
Galactia galactia (L.) Vail = Galactia pendula Pers. Martin, St. Vincent).
Reference: 1.
Galactia galactioides (Griseb.) Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot.
Gard. 4: 77. 1893; Dioclea galactioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 76. Galactia longiflora Arn. var. mollicoma Urb. = Galactia rubra (Jacq.)
1866. Urb.
Galactia impressa C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Galactia longifolia (Jacq.) Benth., Commentat. Legum. Gen. 63. 1837;
Habana 5: 337. 1869. Galega longifolia Jacq., Collectanea 2: 349. 1789 [“1788”];
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Sweetia longifolia (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 2: 381. 1825; Tephrosia
Reference: 3. longifolia (Jacq.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 328. 1807.
Galactia glaucescens Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Galactia angustifolia sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 194. 1860, non
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 428. 1824. Kunth.
Distribution: Naturalized in Cuba (Pinar del Río). Galactia sagotii Duch. & Walp., Linnaea 23: 739. 1851.
References: 254 (Acuña 19603), 636. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
(Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, St. Eustatius, St.
Galactia glomerata Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 230. 1912. Kitts, St. Martin), North America, and South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Names: Corde à violon, Pois-ficelle, Pois-savane (Lesser
Common Name: Petaquero (Dominican Republic). Antilles).
References: 5, 7, 30. References: 1, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 158.
Galactia grisebachii Urb. = Galactia parvifolia A. Rich. Galactia maisiana Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Galactia herradurensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 455. 1928. Salle” 9: 21. 1950.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Galactia minutifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 325. 1900.
Cuba (39). Galactia parvifolia sensu Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 178. 1860, non A. Rich.
Galactia impressa C. Wright = Galactia galactioides (Griseb.) Hitchc. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 30.
Galactia isopoda Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 455. 1928.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Galactia monophylla Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 75. 1866.
References: 3, 30, 39. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Common Name: Slender milk-pea (Bahamas).
Galactia jenningsii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 451. 1916. Galactia nummularia Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 12. 1909.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Martin).
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Galactia ocoana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 11. 1931.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Galactia jussiaeana Kunth, Mimoses 196. 1824. Reference: 7.
Clitoria glomerata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 74. 1866. Galactia odonia Griseb. = Galactia rudolphioides (Griseb.) Benth. &
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Trinidad, Central America, Hook. f. ex Sauvalle var. rudolphioides
and South America; reported for Jamaica, but unconfirmed.
Common Names: Conchita, Soplillo (Cuba). Galactia parvifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 124, 132, 301. Vasc. 414. 1845.
Galactia grisebachii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 372. 1908.
Galactia laxiflora Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 315. 1900.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Galactia savannarum Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 452. 1916.
North America. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Galactia parvifolia sensu Griseb. = Galactia minutifolia Urb. Galactia schomburgkii Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 328. 1900.
Galactia pendula Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 302. 1807; Collaea pendula
(Pers.) Benth., Commentat. Legum. Gen. 64. 1837.
Clitoria galactia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1026. 1763. Galactia spiciformis Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 288. 1838.
Galactia emarginata (Desv.) Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 9: 414. 1826; Galactia cubensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
Glycine emarginata Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1: 78. 1814. & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 429. 1824; Galactia
Galactia galactia (L.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 500. 1895; filiformis (Jacq.) Benth. var. cubensis (Kunth) Griseb., Cat. Pl.
Glycine galactia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1173. 1759. Cub. 75. 1866; Galactia filiformis (Jacq.) Benth. var. cubensis
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. (Kunth) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 296. 1894;
References: 2, 30. Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. var. cubensis (Kunth) Urb., Symb.
Antill. 2: 322. 1900.
Galactia pendula sensu Gard. = Galactia rudolphioides (Griseb.) Benth.
Galactia filiformis sensu Chapm., Fl. South. U.S., ed. 2, 617. 1887, non
& Hook. f. ex Sauvalle var. rudolphioides
(Jacq.) Benth.
Galactia pendula sensu Knox. = Galactia eggersii Urb. Galactia filiformis sensu Griseb., in part, Fl. Brit. W. I. 194. 1860, non
Galactia pilosa sensu Spreng. = Galactia spiciformis Torr. & A. Gray (Jacq.) Benth.
Galactia pilosa sensu Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 4: 283. 1827, non
Galactia pinnata Pers. = Barbieria pinnata (Pers.) Baill. Nutt.
Galactia regularis sensu Millsp. = Galactia dubia DC. var. dubia Galactia stenophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 313. 1900.
Galactia tenuiflora sensu Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4:
Galactia retrorsa Leonard = Calopogonium galactoides (Kunth) Benth.
78. 1893, non (Klein ex Willd.) Wight & Arn.
ex Hemsl.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and North
Galactia revoluta Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 333. 1900. America.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Name: Spiciform milk-pea (Bahamas).
Galactia rotundata Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De Galactia stenophylla Urb. = Galactia spiciformis Torr. & A. Gray
La Salle” 9: 19. 1950.
Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 320. 1900; Glycine
striata Jacq., Hort. Bot. Vindob. 1: 32. 1770.
Reference: 3.
Galactia berteroana DC., Prodr. 2: 238. 1825; Galactia striata (Jacq.)
Galactia rubra (Jacq.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 309. 1900; Dolichos ruber Urb. var. berteroana (DC.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 322. 1900.
Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 204. 1763; Hymenospron rubrum Galactia filiformis sensu Eggers in part, Fl. St. Croix 44. 1879, non
(Jacq.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 4: 283. 1827. (Jacq.) Benth.
Dioclea jacquiniana DC., Prodr. 2: 403. 1825. Galactia filiformis sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 261.
Galactia longiflora sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 194. 1860, non Arn. 1881, non (Jacq.) Benth.
Galactia longiflora Arn. var. mollicoma Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 311. 1900. Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. var. caribaea Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 322.
Glycine sericea Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1059. 1802. 1900.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. var. tobagensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 323.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, 1900
St. Lucia, St. Martin). Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. var. tomentosa (Bertol.) Urb., Symb. Antill.
Common Names: Liane-ficelle, Pois bâtard, Pois roux (Lesser Antilles). 2: 321. 1900; Odonia tomentosa Bertol., Lucubr. Re Herb. 35.
References: 1, 30. 1822; Galactia tomentosa (Bertol.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 472.
Galactia rudolphioides (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Sauvalle in 1900.
F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 337. 1869 var. Glycine velutina Bertero ex DC., Prodr. 2: 239. 1825.
rudolphioides; Dioclea rudolphioides Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 178. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
1860. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John,
Galactia odonia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 76. 1866. St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Barbuda,
Galactia pendula sensu Gard., Brace & Dolley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy), Curaçao, Bonaire,
Philadelphia 49: 377. 1889, non Pers. Tobago, Trinidad, United States (FL), Mexico, Central America,
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba. and South America.
Common Name: Red milk-pea (Bahamas). Common Name: Guatabito (Dominican Republic).
References: 3, 45. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61.
Galactia rudolphioides (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. var. haitiensis Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. var. berteroana (DC.) Urb. = Galactia
Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 187. 1922. striata (Jacq.) Urb.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. var. caribaea Urb. = Galactia striata (Jacq.)
References: 7, 149. Urb.
Galactia sagotii Duch. & Walp. = Galactia longifolia (Jacq.) Benth. Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. var. cubensis (Kunth) Urb. = Galactia
Galactia sangsterae Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 10. 1967. spiciformis Torr. & A. Gray
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. var. tobagensis Urb. = Galactia striata
Reference: 2. (Jacq.) Urb.
number 9 8 • 433
Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. var. tomentosa (Bertol.) Urb. = Galactia Montserrat, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita,
striata (Jacq.) Urb. Trinidad (cultivated), and United States (FL). Widely cultivated,
probably native to Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Galactia suberecta Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 450. 1916.
Common Names: Acacia, Amor y celos, Árbol de la niña, Bien vestida,
Desnudo floreci, Desnudo florecido, Floresco, Gibara, Mata ratón,
Reference: 3.
Pasión, Piñón amoroso, Piñón de costa, Piñón florido, Piñón
Galactia synandra Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 373. 1908. francés, Piñón jazmín, Piñón milagroso, Piñón violento, Piñón
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. vómico (Cuba), Almácigo extranjero, Lilas étranger, Carmelita,
References: 5, 7. Palo de parque, Piñón, Piñón amoroso, Piñón cubano, Piñon de
Galactia tenuiflora Eggers = Galactia eggersii Urb. Cuba, Varita de San José (Dominican Republic), Aaron’s rod,
Grow stick, Quick stick (Jamaica), Gliricidia, Glorisida, Glory
Galactia tenuiflora sensu Benth. = Galactia dubia DC. var. dubia cida, Nicaragua shade tree, Quickstick (Lesser Antilles), Madre de
Galactia tenuiflora sensu Hitchc., in part = Galactia spiciformis Torr. & cacao, Mata ratón (Puerto Rico).
A. Gray References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 19, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 224, 398.
Galactia tenuiflora sensu Hitchc., in part = Galactia uniflora Urb.
Glycine abrus L. = Abrus precatorius L.
Galactia tomentosa (Bertol.) Urb. = Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb.
Glycine caribaea Jacq. = Rhynchosia caribaea (Jacq.) DC.
Galactia uniflora Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 325. 1900.
Galactia angustifolia sensu Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. Glycine crinita Kunth = Eriosema crinitum (Kunth) G. Don
4: 77. 1893, non Kunth. Glycine emarginata Desv. = Galactia pendula Pers.
Galactia tenuiflora sensu Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4:
78. 1893, non (Klein ex Willd.) Wight & Arn. Glycine galactia L. = Galactia pendula Pers.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Jamaica. Glycine galactioides Kunth = Calopogonium galactoides (Kunth) Benth.
Common Name: One-flowered milk-pea (Bahamas). ex Hemsl.
References: 2, 30, 45, 126.
Glycine labialis L. f. = Teramnus labialis (L. f.) Spreng.
Galega caribaea Jacq. = Coursetia caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin var. caribaea
Glycine leucosperma Desv. = Galactia leucocarpa Desv.
Galega cathartica Sessé & Moc. = Tephrosia senna Kunth
Glycine lignosa Turpin ex Pers. = Galactia lignosa (Turpin ex Pers.)
Galega cinerea L. = Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers. Urb.
Galega colutea Burm. f. = Indigofera colutea (Burm. f.) Merr. Glycine max (L.) Merr. Interpr. Herb. Amboin. 274. 1917; Phaseolus
Galega domingensis Willd. = Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers. max L., Sp. Pl. 725. 1753; Soja max (L.) Piper, J. Amer. Soc.
Agron. 6: 84. 1914.
Galega filiformis Jacq. = Galactia filiformis (Jacq.) Benth. var. filiformis Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto
Galega longifolia Jacq. = Galactia longifolia (Jacq.) Benth. Rico. Widely cultivated worldwide, origin unknown.
Common Names: Frijol de soya, Frijol soya, Frijol manteca, Soya
Galega sinapou Buc’hoz = Tephrosia sinapou (Buc’hoz) A. Chev.
(Cuba), Soya (Dominican Republic), Habichuela soya (Puerto
Galega spicata Walter = Tephrosia spicata (Walter) Torr. & A. Gray Rico).
Gaumerocassia ekmaniana (Urb.) Britton = Senna racemosa (Mill.) H.S. References: 4, 6, 7, 58, 123, 131, 132, 151.
Irwin & Barneby var. racemosa Glycine phaseoloides Sw. = Rhynchosia phaseoloides (Sw.) DC.
Genista monspessulana (L.) L.A.S. Johnson, Contributions from the Glycine punctata Willd. = Poiretia punctata (Willd.) Desv.
New South Wales National Herbarium 3: 98. 1962; Cytisus
Glycine reticulata Sw. = Rhynchosia reticulata (Sw.) DC.
monspessulanus L., Sp. Pl. 740. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic and seemingly naturalized in Dominican Republic Glycine rufa Kunth = Eriosema rufum (Kunth) G. Don var. rufum
in Valle Nuevo area; native to Mediterranean Europe and northern Glycine sagittata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = Centrosema sagittatum
Africa. (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Brandegee ex L. Riley
Reference: 254.
Glycine sericea Willd. = Galactia rubra (Jacq.) Urb.
Geoffroea inermis W. Wright = Andira inermis (W. Wright) DC.
Glycine simplicifolia Kunth = Eriosema simplicifolium (Kunth) G. Don
Gliricidia cubensis (Kunth) C. Wright = Hebestigma cubense (Kunth) var. simplicifolium
Urb.
Glycine striata Jacq. = Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb.
Gliricidia latifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. = Hebestigma cubense (Kunth) Urb.
Glycine subterranea L. = Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.
Gliricidia platycarpa Griseb. = Hebestigma cubense (Kunth) Urb.
Glycine velutina Bertero ex DC. = Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb.
Gliricidia sagrae Benth. ex Urb. = Hebestigma cubense (Kunth) Urb.
Glycine vincentina Ker Gawl. = Chaetocalyx scandens (L.) Urb. var.
Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth, Repert. Bot. Syst. (Walpers) 1: scandens
679. 1842; Robinia sepium Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 28. 1760;
Lonchocarpus sepium (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 2: 260. 1825. Type: Guibourtia hymenifolia (Moric.) J. Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. État
Colombia. 20(2): 271. 1950; Copaifera hymenifolia Moric., Mém. Soc. Phys.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Genève 6: 529. 1833; Pseudocopaiva hymenifolia (Moric.) Britton
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. & P. Wilson, Trop. Woods 20: 28. 1929.
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, References: 12, 397.
Guilandina antiguensis Britton & Rose = Guilandina ciliata Bergius ex Guilandina bonduc sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 172. 1920,
Wikstr. non L.
Guilandina ovalifolia (Urb.) Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 118.
Guilandina barkeriana (Urb. & Ekman) Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5):
1905; Caesalpinia ovalifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 273. 1900.
341. 1930. Caesalpinia barkeriana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot.
22A(8): 38. 1928. Type: Haiti.
Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola (Haiti)
and possibly in Cuba.
(Anguilla, Antigua, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Saba, St. Kitts, St.
Martin), Bonaire, and Curaçao.
Guilandina bonduc L., Sp. Pl. 381. 1753; Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Common Names: Small yellow nickers (Bahamas), Canique, Graines
Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 2: 362. 1832. quinique, Ouari, Ouary, Quinique jaune, Quinique (Haiti),
Guilandina bonduc L. var. majus DC., Prodr. 2: 480. 1825. Canique blanche, Canique jaune, Canique rouge (Lesser Antilles).
Guilandina bonduc L. var. minus DC., Prodr. 2: 480. 1825. References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150, 405.
Guilandina bonducella L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 545. 1762.
Guilandina crista sensu Small = Guilandina bonduc L.
Guilandina crista sensu Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 591. 1903.
Guilandina glabra sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 205. 1860, non Mill. Guilandina culebrae Britton & P. Wilson in N.L. Britton & Rose,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 339. 1930; Caesalpinia culebrae (Britton &
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, P. Wilson) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 187. 1963. Type:
St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles Culebra Island, Britton & Wheeler 79 (NY).
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico (Culebra Is.).
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, References: 6, 32, 61, 405.
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), United States (FL), Note: Known from a few old collections.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Guilandina divergens (Urb.) Britton = Guilandina ciliata Bergius ex
Common Names: Brier, Gray nickers (Bahamas), Guacalote amarillo, Wikstr.
Gavilán, Jayabo (Cuba), Mate de costa, Mate prieto, Mate
(Dominican Republic), Canique, Graines quinine, Quinique, Guilandina glabra sensu Griseb. = Guilandina bonduc L.
Quinique jaune (Haiti), Grey nickal, Grey nicker (Jamaica), Haba Guilandina glaucophylla (Urb.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5):
de San Antonio, Mato azul, Mato de playa (Puerto Rico), Gray 338. 1930; Caesalpinia glaucophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 274.
nickers (Virgin Islands). 1900.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 19, 45, 58, 61, 224, 301, 405. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. References: 3, 12, 405.
Guilandina bonduc sensu Britton & Millsp. = Guilandina ciliata Guilandina grisebachiana (Kuntze) Krug & Urb. = Guilandina ciliata
Bergius ex Wikstr. Bergius ex Wikstr.
Guilandina bonduc sensu Eggers = Guilandina ciliata Bergius ex Wikstr. Guilandina intermedia (Urb.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 339.
Guilandina bonduc sensu Griseb. = Guilandina ciliata Bergius ex 1930; Caesalpinia intermedia Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 274. 1900.
Wikstr. Type: Cuba.
Guilandina bonduc L. var. majus DC. = Guilandina bonduc L. References: 12, 405.
Guilandina bonduc L. var. minus DC. = Guilandina bonduc L. Guilandina melanosperma Eggers = Guilandina ciliata Bergius ex
Guilandina bonducella L. = Guilandina bonduc L. Wikstr.
Guilandina caymanensis (Millsp.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. Guilandina ovalifolia (Urb.) Britton = Guilandina ciliata Bergius ex
23(5): 338. 1930; Caesalpinia caymanensis Millsp., Publ. Field Wikstr.
Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser., 2(1): 49. 1900; Caesalpinia bonduc Guilandina portoricensis Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
(L.) Roxb. var. caymanensis (Millsp.) Proctor, Kew Bull. 51. 494. Virgin Islands 5: 380. 1924; Caesalpinia portoricensis (Britton &
1996. Type. Grand Cayman. P. Wilson) Alain, J. Arnold Arbor. 55: 429. 1974.
Distribution: Endemic to Cayman Islands. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Reference: 40. Common Name: Mato negro (Puerto Rico).
Guilandina ciliata Bergius ex Wikstr., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. References: 6, 32, 58, 61, 131, 405.
1825: 431. 1825. Caesalpinia ciliata (Bergius ex Wikstr.) Urb., Note: Known only from the type collection.
Symb. Antill. 2: 275. 1900. Guilandina sphaerosperma (Urb. & Ekman) Britton, N. Amer. Fl.
Caesalpinia divergens Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 271. 1900; Guilandina 23(5): 340. 1930; Caesalpinia sphaerosperma Urb. & Ekman,
divergens (Urb.) Britton, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 2: 41. 1915. Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 38. 1928.
Caesalpinia grisebachiana Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 166. 1891; Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Guilandina grisebachiana (Kuntze) Krug & Urb. ex Duss., Fl. Common Name: Rad bas (Haiti).
Phan. Antill. Franc. 229. 1897. References: 5, 7, 405.
Caesalpinia melanosperma (Eggers) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 276. 1900;
Guilandina melanosperma Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 46. 1879. Guilandina wrightiana (Urb.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 338.
Caesalpinia lucida Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 275. 1900. 1930; Caesalpinia wrightiana Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 274. 1900.
Guilandina antiguensis Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 339. 1930. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands,
Type: Antigua. Rose et al. 3265. Cuba, and Jamaica.
Guilandina bonduc sensu Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 46. 1879, non L. Common Name: Mate (Cuba).
Guilandina bonduc sensu Griseb., Syst. Veg. Karaiben 60. 1857, non L. References: 2, 3, 4, 405.
number 9 8 • 435
Haematoxylum brasiletto H. Karst., Fl. Columb. 2: 27. 1862. Harpalyce cubensis Griseb. var. cajalbanensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Ci.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao. Biol. Acad. Ci. Cuba 1: 136. 1977.
Reference: 5, 7, 30. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Haematoxylum campechianum L., Sp. Pl. 384. 1753. Reference: 149.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Harpalyce ekmanii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 358. 1926.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. Thomas, Type: Cuba, Ekman 3788 (Isotype: NY).
Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, References: 3, 409.
St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), and
Harpalyce ekmanii Urb. var. angustiflora (León & Alain) Arroyo =
Trinidad; native to Mexico and Central America.
Harpalyce angustiflora León & Alain
Common Names: Logwood (Bahamas), Guamá-piñon Palo tinto, Palo
campeche, Palo de campeche, Palo de tinta, Palo negro (Cuba), Harpalyce flexuosa León & Alain ex Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Ci. Biol.
Campeche, Logwood, Palo de campeche (Dominican Republic), Acad. Ci. Cuba 1: 136. 1977.
Bois campeche, Campechier (Haiti), Logwood (Jamaica), Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Campeachy wood, Campéche, Champish, Kampech, Logwood References: 39, 149.
(Lesser Antilles), Campeche, Palo de campeche (Puerto Rico), Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Logwood (Virgin Islands). Cuba (39).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 224. Harpalyce foliosa Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Ci. Biol. Acad. Ci. Cuba 1:
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. 136. 1977.
Harpalyce acunae Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Ci. Biol. Acad. Ci. Cuba 1: Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
137. 1977. References: 39, 149.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Harpalyce macrocarpa Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
Cuba (39). 16: 67. 1920. Type: Cuba, Britton & Cowell 13284 (Holotype:
Harpalyce alainii León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La NY, Isotypes: F, US).
Salle” 9: 14. 1950. Type: Cuba, Acuña 12439 (Isotype: US). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 409. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Harpalyce angustiflora León & Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 13. 1950; Harpalyce ekmanii Urb. var. Harpalyce maisiana León & Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
angustiflora (León & Alain) Arroyo, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 15. 1950. Type: Cuba, León 19032
26: 76. 1976. Type: Cuba, Clemente 4070 (Isotype: GH). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Name: Jaragua (Cuba). Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
References: 3, 39, 409. Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Species.
Cuba (39). Harpalyce moana Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Ci. Biol. Acad. Ci. Cuba 1:
Harpalyce baracoensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Ci. Biol. Acad. Ci. Cuba 138. 1977.
References: 39, 149. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39). Harpalyce nipensis Urb, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 357. 1926,
Harpalyce borhidii O. Muñiz, Ci. Biol. Acad. Ci. Cuba 1: 134. 1977. var. nipensis. Type: Cuba, Ekman 9962 (Isotype: NY).
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Harpalyce nipensis Urb. var. lanceolata Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Ci. Biol.
Cuba (39). Acad. Ci. Cuba 1: 137. 1977.
Harpalyce cristalensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Ci. Biol. Acad. Ci. Cuba 1: Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
133. 1977. Reference: 149.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Harpalyce suberosa Urb. = Harpalyce cubensis Griseb. var. cubensis
Reference: 149.
Harpalyce suberosa Urb. f. purpurea Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Harpalyce
Harpalyce cubensis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 71. 1866, var. cubensis. cubensis Griseb. var. cubensis
Type: Cuba, Wright 2303 (Isotypes: GH, NY, P, UC, US).
Harpalyce suberosa Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 356. 1926. Harpalyce toaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Ci. Biol. Acad. Ci. Cuba 1:
Harpalyce suberosa Urb. f. purpurea Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Ci. Biol. 138. 1977.
Acad. Ci. Cuba 1: 134. 1977. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Cerillo de costa, Cuabilla (Cuba). Harpalyce villosa Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 67.
References: 3, 409. 1920. Type: Cuba, Shafer 4089 (Holotype: NY).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Hedysarum strobiliferum L. = Flemingia strobilifera (L.) W.T. Aiton
Common Name: Clavellina (Cuba). Hedysarum supinum Sw. = Desmodium incanum DC. var. incanum
Hedysarum tortuosum Sw. = Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.
Havardia prehensilis (C. Wright) Britton & Rose = Sphinga prehensilis
(C. Wright) Barneby & J.W. Grimes Hedysarum triflorum L. = Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC.
*Hebestigma cubense (Kunth) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 289. 1900; Hedysarum vaginale L. = Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.
Robinia cubensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Hedysarum vespertilionis L. f. = Christia vespertilionis (L. f.) Bakh. f.
Hedysarum virginicum L. = Aeschynomene virginica (L.) Britton, Sterns
Gliricidia cubensis (Kunth) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales
& Poggenb.
Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 333. 1869. Type: Cuba, Humboldt &
Bonpland 1348 (Holotype: P-HBK). Herpetica alata (L.) Raf. = Senna alata (L.) Roxb.
Gliricidia latifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 70. 1866; Hebestigma cubense *Herpyza grandiflora (Griseb.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales
(Kunth) Urb. var. latifolium (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 290. Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 335. 1869, var. grandiflora; Teramnus
1900 grandiflorus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 75. 1866.
Lonchocarpus latifolius sensu A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cuba, Bot., Bot. 12: tab. 38b, non Kunth ex DC., 1825. Common Name: Papo de yegua (Cuba).
Gliricidia platycarpa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 70. 1866. Reference: 3.
Gliricidia sagrae Benth. ex Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 289. 1900.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba; exotic in Puerto Rico. *Herpyza grandiflora (Griseb.) C. Wright var. stenophylla Urb., Symb.
Common Names: Frijolillo baría, Frijolillo prieto, Jayabacaná amarilla, Antill. 9: 452. 1928.
Jurabaina, Pico de gallo, Píñón de costa, Piñón plumago (Cuba), Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Frijolillo (Puerto Rico). References: 30, 71.
References: 3, 6, 12, 58, 109, 131, 398. Hymenaea courbaril L., Sp. Pl. 1192. 1753.
Hebestigma cubense (Kunth) Urb. var. latifolium (Griseb.) Urb. = Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Hebestigma cubense (Kunth) Urb. Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
Hedysarum adscendens Sw. = Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat,
Hedysarum angustifolium Kunth = Desmodium angustifolium Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
(Kunth) DC. Vincent), Margarita, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and
South America.
Hedysarum axillare Sw. = Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. axillare
Common Names: Chichipó, Curbaril (Cuba), Algarroba, Algarrobo
Hedysarum barbatum L. = Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth. (Dominican Republic), Courbaril, Gomme animee, Pois confiture
Hedysarum brasilianum Poir. = Aeschynomene brasiliana (Poir.) DC. (Haiti), Stinking toe, West Indian locust (Jamaica), Courbaril,
var. brasiliana Cue cue bawey, Koubawi, Koukoubawi, Locust tree, Stinking tree
(Lesser Antilles), Algarroba (Puerto Rico), Locust tree, Stinking
Hedysarum canescens L. = Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. toe, West Indian locust (Virgin Islands).
Hedysarum ciliare Muhl. ex Willd. = Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 19, 39, 58, 61, 224, 396.
Willd.) DC. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Hedysarum diphyllum L. = Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. Hymenaea torrei León, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 6(4): 4. 1949. Type:
Cuba, Alain & Crisógono 1051 (Holotype: LS).
Hedysarum distortum Aubl. = Desmodium distortum (Aubl.) J.F. Macbr.
Hedysarum ecastaphyllum L. = Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. Common Name: Guásima italiana (Cuba).
Hedysarum glabrum Mill. = Desmodium glabrum (Mill.) DC. References: 3, 12, 396, 427.
Hedysarum hamatum L. = Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub.
Hymenospron rubrum (Jacq.) Spreng. = Galactia rubra (Jacq.) Urb.
Hedysarum hamatum L. var. viscosa L. = Stylosanthes viscosa (L.) Sw.
Ichthyomethia acuminata S.F. Blake = Piscidia carthagenensis Jacq.
Hedysarum intortum Mill. = Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb.
Ichthyomethia communis S.F. Blake = Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.
Hedysarum lineatum L. = Flemingia lineata (L.) Roxb. ex W.T. Aiton
Ichthyomethia cubensis (Urb.) S.F. Blake = Piscidia cubensis Urb.
Hedysarum molle Vahl = Desmodium glabrum (Mill.) DC.
Ichthyomethia havanensis Britton & P. Wilson = Piscidia havanensis
Hedysarum nummularifolium L. = Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. (Britton & P. Wilson) Urb. & Ekman
Hedysarum portoricense Spreng. = Desmodium incanum DC. var. Ichthyomethia piscipula (L.) Hitchc. = Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.
incanum
Indigofera anil L. = Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Hedysarum procumbens Mill. = Desmodium procumbens (Mill.)
Hitchc. var. procumbens Indigofera argentea Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 171. 1768.
Hedysarum rigidum Elliott = Desmodium rigidum (Elliott) DC. Common Names: Añil, Digo, Indigo añil, Tinctor (Dominican
Hedysarum scorpiurus Sw. = Desmodium scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv. Republic), Feuilles digo, Indigo argentier, Indigotier (Haiti).
Hedysarum sericeum Thunb. = Lespedeza juncea (L. f.) Pers. subsp.
sericea (Thunb.) Steenis Indigofera articulata Gouan, Ill. Observ. Bot. 49. 1773.
Hedysarum spirale Sw. = Desmodium procumbens (Mill.) Hitchc. var.
procumbens
number 9 8 • 437
Indigofera colutea (Burm. f.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 19: 355. 1921; Indigofera scabra Roth = Indigofera trita L. f. subsp. scabra (Roth) de
Galega colutea Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 712. 1768. Kort & Thijsse
Indigofera viscosa Lam., Encycl. 3: 247. 1789. Indigofera spicata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 138. 1775.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, and North America; native Indigofera hendecaphylla Jacq., Collectanea 2: 358. 1789 [“1788”].
to Africa, Asia, Malesia, and Australia. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
References: 2, 7. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, St. Lucia), and North
Indigofera cubensis Urb. = Indigofera miniata Ortega America.
Indigofera domingensis Spreng. ex DC. = Indigofera microcarpa Desv.
Indigofera subulata Poir. var. scabra (Roth) Meikle = Indigofera trita L.
Indigofera guatemalensis Moc. & Sessé ex Prain & Baker f. =
f. subsp. scabra (Roth) de Kort & Thijsse
Indigofera micheliana Rose
Indigofera suffruticosa Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Indigofera haitensis Desv. = Indigofera procumbens L.
Indigofera anil L., Mant. Pl. 2: 272. 1771.
Indigofera hendecaphylla Jacq. = Indigofera spicata Forssk. Anila tinctoria Kuntze var. vera Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 160. 1891.
Indigofera hirsuta L., Sp. Pl. 751. 1753. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John,
Lucia, St. Vincent), and North America; native to Africa, Asia, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Malesia, and Australia. Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
References: 1, 6, 58. Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St.
Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad,
Indigofera jamaicensis Spreng. = Indigofera trita L. f. subsp. scabra North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
(Roth) de Kort & Thijsse Common Names: Wild indigo (Bahamas), Añil, Añil cimarrón, Azul,
Indigofera lespedezioides Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Azul de hojas (Cuba), Añil, Azul de hojas, Azulejo (Dominican
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 457. 1824. Republic), Digot, Digor sauvage (Haiti), Guatemala indigo,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central Markham gungo, Wild indigo (Jamaica), Guatemala indigo,
America, and South America. Indigo, Ti café (Lesser Antilles), Añil, Añil del pasto, Indigo
Common Names: Añil, Añil cimarrón, Jiquilete (Cuba). (Puerto Rico).
References: 2, 3, 5, 7. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61.
Indigofera micheliana Rose, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 310. 1905. Indigofera sumatrana Gaertn. = Indigofera tinctoria L.
Indigofera guatimalensis Moc. & Sessé ex Prain & Baker f., J. Bot. 40: Indigofera tinctoria L., Sp. Pl. 751. 1753.
139. 1902. nom. nud. Indigofera sumatrana Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 317. 1791.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
References: 3, 58, 61, 149, 224, 254. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua,
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Barbados, Barbuda, Grenadines, Martinique, Montserrat, St.
Indigofera microcarpa Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 79. 1814. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Bonaire,
Indigofera domingensis Spreng. ex DC., Prodr. 2: 227. 1825. Curaçao, Margarita, and United States (FL); native to Africa, Asia,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, and South America. Malesia, and Australia.
References: 3, 5, 7. Common Names: Indigo (Bahamas), Añil, Añil cimarrón, Añil de
Guatemala (Cuba), Indigo (Dominican Republic), Digo digot
Indigofera miniata Ortega, Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec. 98. 1798.
(Haiti), Indigo (Jamaica), Indigo, French indigo (Lesser Antilles),
Indigofera cubensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 449. 1928.
Añil verdadero, Indigo (Puerto Rico).
Indigofera miniata Ortega var. florida Isely, Brittonia 34: 339. 1982.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 131, 224.
Indigofera miniata Ortega var. leptosepala (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray)
B.L. Turner, Field & Lab. 24: 104. 1956.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, United States (FL), and Mexico. Indigofera trita L. f. subsp. scabra (Roth) de Kort & Thijsse, Blumea
References: 3, 150. 30: 140. 1984; Indigofera scabra Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 359. 1821;
Indigofera subulata Poir. var. scabra (Roth) Meikle, Kew Bull. 5:
Indigofera miniata Ortega var. florida Isely = Indigofera miniata
352. 1951.
Ortega
Indigofera jamaicensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 277. 1826.
Indigofera miniata Ortega var. leptosepala (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Indigofera mucronata Spreng. ex DC., Prodr. 2: 227. 1825.
B.L. Turner = Indigofera miniata Ortega Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, North America,
Indigofera mucronata Spreng. ex DC. = Indigofera trita L. f. subsp. Mexico, Central America, and South America; native to Africa,
scabra (Roth) de Kort & Thijsse Asia, and Malesia.
References: 150, 151, 158.
Indigofera procumbens L., Mant. Pl. 2: 271. 1771.
Indigofera haitensis Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 9: 410. 1826. Indigofera viscosa Lam. = Indigofera colutea (Burm. f.) Merr.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola. Indigofera zollingeriana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: 310. 1855.
References: 7, 152. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Africa, Asia, Malesia, and
Indigofera sabulicola Benth. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(1): 40. Pacific Region.
1859. Type: Brazil. Reference: 2.
Dalea tephrosioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 69. 1866. Type. Cuba, Inga acreana Harms, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 298. 1915.
Wright 2301. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to South America.
Distribution: Apparently native to Cuba and South America. References: 175, 408.
Reference: 149.
Inga acuminata Benth., London J. Bot. 4: 600. 1845. Feuilleea ingoides (Rich.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 188. 1891. Type:
acuminata (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 187. 1891. Type: French Guiana, Leblond s.n. (Holotype: P-JU).
Trinidad, Lockhart 334 (Holotype: K). Inga galibica Walp. ex Duchass., Linnaea 23: 747. 1850.
Distribution: Cultivated in Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent); native to Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie
Trinidad, Central and South America. Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Trinidad,
Common Names: Cacolie, Kakoli, Pois doux cacacoli, Pois doux
Inga circinalis (L.) Willd. = Pithecellobium circinale (L.) Benth.
maron, Spanish oak (Lesser Antilles).
Inga comosa (Sw.) Willd. = Calliandra comosa (Sw.) Benth. References: 1, 6, 323, 408
Inga cyclocarpa (Jacq.) Willd. = Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Inga latifolia (L.) Willd. = Zygia latifolia (L.) Fawc. & Rendle var.
Griseb. latifolia
Inga dominicensis Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 612. 1875; Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1018. 1806; Mimosa laurina Sw.,
Feuilleea dominicensis (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 187. Prodr. 85. 1788; Feuilleea laurina (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1:
1891. Type: Dominica, Imray 336 (Holotype: K). 184. 1891. Type: St. Kitts, Masson s.n. (Holotype: BM).
Inga martinicensis sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 227. 1860, in part. Feuilleea fagifolia (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 187. 1891; Mimosa
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica). fagifolia L., Sp. Pl. 516. 1753; Inga fagifolia (L.) Willd. ex Benth.,
Common Names: Pois-doux des hauts, Pois-doux montagne (Lesser Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 607. 1875, non. G.Don, 1832.
Antilles). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
References: 1, 408, 427. (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Species. Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
Inga dulcis (Roxb.) Willd. = Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South
America.
Inga edulis Mart., Flora 20(Beibl): 113. 1837. Common Names: Gina (Dominican Republic), Jina (Haiti), Cacoley,
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Grenada), and Pois doux, Pois-doux blanc, Pwa dou, Spanish oak (Lesser
Trinidad; native to South America. Antilles), Guamá (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Cacoley, Pois doux (Lesser Antilles), Guaba forastera References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 6, 131, 175, 224, 408.
(Puerto Rico). Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
References: 1, 131, 301, 408.
Inga leptoloba Schltdl. = Inga punctata Willd.
Inga faeculifera Ham. = Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. ex G. Don
Inga leucantha C. Presl = Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.
Inga fagifolia (L.) Willd. ex Benth. = Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd.
Inga martinicensis C. Presl, Symb. Bot. 1: 65. 1832; Feuilleea
Inga fastuosa (Jacq.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1014. 1806; Mimosa fastuosa martinicensis (C. Presl) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. 1: 188. 1891. Type:
Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 15, tab. 10. 1801; Feuilleea fastuosa (Jacq.) Martinique, Kohaut s.n. (Isotypes: G, M, W).
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 187. 1891. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique).
Inga venosa Griseb. ex Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 623. 1875; Common Name: Caconier (Lesser Antilles).
Feuilleea venosa (Griseb. ex Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: References: 1, 408, 427.
189. 1891. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Trinidad; native to
northern South America. Inga martinicensis sensu Griseb. = Inga dominicensis Benth.
Common Names: Guama venezolana (Dominican Republic), Guaba Inga nobilis Willd. subsp. quaternata (Poepp. & Endl.) T.D. Penn.,
peluda, Guaba venezolana (Puerto Rico). Gen. Inga Bot. 383. 1997; Inga quaternata Poepp. in E.F. Poeppig
References: 6, 7, 58, 408. & S.L. Endlicher, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 79. 1845 [“1843”]. Type:
Inga fendleriana Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 630. 1875. Brazil, Poeppig s.n. (Holotype: W, Isotypes: F, NY).
Feuilleea fendleriana (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 187. Inga roussoviana Pittier, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 175. 1916.
1891. Type: Venezuela, Fendler 2259 (Holotype: K). Inga speciosissima Pittier, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 6(41): 6. 1939.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to South America. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Mexico, Central America,
References: 151, 158, 408. and South America.
Common Name: Guamá venezolano (Puerto Rico).
Inga filipes Vent. = Cojoba filipes (Vent.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes References: 6, 58, 131, 408.
Inga fragrans Macfad. = Albizia berteroana (Balb. ex DC.) Fawc. & Inga obovalis A. Rich. = Abarema obovalis (A. Rich.) Barneby & J.W.
Rendle Grimes
Inga galibica Walp. ex Duchass. = Inga ingoides (Rich.) Willd. Inga oerstediana Benth. In B. Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald: 117. 1853.
Inga guadalupensis (Pers.) Desv. = Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth. Type: Panama.
Distribution: Apparently exotic in Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Tobago,
Inga guadeloupensis Sastre = Inga sastreana Acev.-Rodr.
Inga hartii Urb. = Inga sapindoides Willd. Common names: Cacolay, Poix Doux (Grenada).
Inga histrix A. Rich. = Pithecellobium histrix (A. Rich.) Benth. References: 390, 408.
Inga ierensis Britton = Inga punctata Willd. Inga pterocarpa DC. = Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker ex
K. Heyne
Inga inga (L.) Britton = Inga vera Willd. subsp. vera
Inga punctata Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1016. 1806; Feuilleea punctata (Willd.)
Inga ingoides (Rich.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1012. 1806; Mimosa ingoides Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 188. 1891. Type: Venezuela, Bredmeyer
Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1(1): 113. 1792; Feuilleea 7 (Holotype: B-W, cat. No. 19035).
number 9 8 • 439
Inga ierensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 52. 1923. Jupunba discolor (Britton) Britton & Rose = Abarema glauca (Urb.)
Inga leptoloba Schltdl., Linnaea 12: 560. 1838. Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central Jupunba glauca (Urb.) Britton & Rose = Abarema glauca (Urb.)
America, and South America. Barneby & J.W. Grimes
References: 175, 301, 408.
Jupunba nipensis (Britton) Britton & Rose = Abarema nipensis (Britton)
Inga quaternata Poepp. & Endl. = Inga nobilis Willd. subsp. quaternata Barneby & J.W. Grimes
(Poepp. & Endl.) T.D. Penn.
Jupunba obovalis (A. Rich.) Britton & Rose = Abarema obovalis (A.
Inga roussoviana Pittier = Inga nobilis Willd. subsp. quaternata (Poepp. Rich.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes
& Endl.) T.D. Penn.
Jupunba oppositifolia (Urb.) Britton & Rose = Abarema oppositifolia
Inga saman (Jacq.) Willd. = Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. (Urb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Inga sapindoides Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1012. 1806. Type: Venezuela, Jupunba pinetorum (Britton) Britton & Rose = Abarema obovalis (A.
Bredmeyer 4 (Holotype: B-W, cat. no. 19024). Rich.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Inga hartii Urb, Symb. Antill. 1: 311. 1899.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to Tobago, Trinidad, Jupunba savannarum (Britton) Britton & Rose = Abarema glauca
Mexico, Central America, and South America. (Urb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes
References: 151, 158, 254. Jupunba trinitensis (Britton) Britton & Rose = Abarema oppositifolia
Inga sastreana Acev.-Rodr., S. Carrington & T.D. Penn., nom. nov.; (Urb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Inga guadeloupensis Sastre, Biogeographica 72: 184. 1996. Jupunba truncata (Britton) Britton & Rose = Abarema obovalis (A.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe). Rich.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Reference: 149.
Lablab niger Medik. = Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet
Inga speciosissima Pittier = Inga nobilis Willd. subsp. quaternata
Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 481. 1826; Dolichos
(Poepp. & Endl.) T.D. Penn.
purpureus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1021. 1763.
Inga spinifolia Desv. = Pithecellobium circinale (L.) Benth. Dioclea jacquiniana sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 261.
Inga spuria Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = Inga vera Willd. subsp. vera 1881, non DC.
Dolichos lablab L., Sp. Pl. 725. 1753.
Inga unguis-cati (L.) Willd. = Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth. Lablab niger Medik., Vorles. Churpfälz. Phys.-Öcon. Ges. 2: 354. 1787.
Inga venosa Griseb. ex Benth. = Inga fastuosa (Jacq.) Willd. Lablab vulgaris Savi, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 19. 1821.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Inga vera Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1010. 1806, subsp. vera
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola),
Inga inga (L.) Britton, Fl. Bermuda 170. 1918; Mimosa inga L., Sp.
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines,
Pl. 516. 1753; Feuilleea inga (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 184.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy,
1891.
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), United States (FL), and South
Inga spuria Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1011. 1806; Inga vera
Willd. subsp. spuria (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) J. León, Ann.
Common Names: Carmelita, Chachara, Chara, Frijol caballero
Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 339. 1966.
(Dominican Republic), Pois de senteur, Pois nourrice (Haiti),
Inga vera Willd. subsp. lamprophylla (C. Wright ex Benth.) Pittier,
Banner bean, Bonavist bean (Jamaica), Black bean, Bonavist
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 216. 1916.
(Lesser Antilles), Chícharos, Frijol caballero (Puerto Rico), Black
Inga vera Willd. subsp. portoricensis Pittier, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18:
bean, Bonaviat bean (Virgin Islands).
217. 1916.
References: 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61, 150.
Antilles (Dominica), Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and Lablab vulgaris Savi = Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet
northern South America. Lathyrus odoratus L., Sp. Pl. 732. 1753.
Common Names: Guabá (Cuba), Guama, Jina (Dominican Republic), Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to Europe.
Bois sucre, Cicrin, Pois doux, Pois sucrin, Sucrier, Sucrin (Haiti), Common Names: Chicharito de olor, Guisante de olor (Cuba), Frijol
Panchock, River koko (Jamaica), Guabá (Puerto Rico). de olor (Dominican Republic), Chícharos de jardín, Guisantes
References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 175, 224, 254, 323. del jardín, Látiros (Puerto Rico), Garden sweet peas, Sweet pea
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. (Virgin Islands).
Inga vera Willd. subsp. lamprophylla (C. Wright ex Benth.) Pittier = References: 7, 131.
Inga vera Willd. subsp. vera Lathyrus sativus L., Sp. Pl. 730. 1753.
Inga vera Willd. subsp. portoricensis Pittier = Inga vera Willd. subsp. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Asia.
vera References: 7, 158.
Inga vera Willd. subsp. spuria = Inga vera Willd. subsp. vera Leptoglottis hamata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Standl. = Mimosa
quadrivalvis L. var. tetragona (Poir.) Barneby
Isandrina emarginata (L.) Britton & Rose = Senna bicapsularis (L.)
Roxb. var. bicapsularis Leptoglottis leptocarpa (DC.) Standl. = Mimosa quadrivalvis L. var.
leptocarpa (DC.) Barneby
Jupunba abbottii (Rose & Leonard) Britton & Rose = Abarema
abbottii (Rose & Leonard) Barneby & J.W. Grimes Leptoglottis portoricensis (Urb.) Britton & Rose = Mimosa quadrivalvis
L. var. urbaniana Barneby
Jupunba alexandri (Urb.) Britton & Rose = Abarema alexandri (Urb.)
Barneby & J.W. Grimes var. alexandri Lespedeza juncea (L. f.) Pers. subsp. sericea (Thunb.) Steenis, Nova
Guinea, n.s. 6(2): 28. 1955; Hedysarum sericeum Thunb., Fl. Jap.
Jupunba asplenifolia (Griseb.) Britton & Rose = Abarema asplenifolia
287. 1784.
(Griseb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to southeast Asia, Malesia, Common Names: Divi-divi (Bahamas), Cacalote, Dibidibi, Dividivi,
and Australia. Guaracabuya, Guatapaná (Cuba), Guatapaná, Macascol, Nacascol
References: 7, 149. (Dominican Republic), Dividivi, Libidibi (Haiti), Divi-divi,
Libi-dibi (Jamaica), Divi-divi (Lesser Antilles), Dividivi,
Leucaena brachycarpa Urb. = Leucaena diversifolia (Schltdl.) Benth.
Guatapaná, Divi-divi (Puerto Rico).
Leucaena diversifolia (Schltdl.) Benth., J. Bot. 4: 417. 1842; Acacia References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 45, 58, 123, 131, 405.
diversifolia Schltdl., Linnaea 12: 570. 1838. Type: Mexico,
Libidibia pauciflora Griseb. var. pauciflora = Caesalpinia pauciflora
Schiede 693 (Holotype: HAL, Isotypes: GH, NY).
(Griseb.) C. Wright
Leucaena brachycarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 265. 1900.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles Libidibia pauciflora Griseb. var. puberula Griseb. = Poincianella
(Martinique), Central America, and South America; native to myabensis (Britton) Britton & Rose
Mexico. Libidibia pinnata Griseb. = Poincianella pinnata (Griseb.) C. Wright
Common Name: Leucaena de montaña (Dominican Republic).
References: 1, 2, 47, 123, 412. Libidibia punctata (Willd.) Britton, Sc. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin
Islands 5: 378. 1924; Caesalpinia punctata Willd., Enum. Pl. 1:
Leucaena formosa Griseb. = Lysiloma sabicu Benth. 445. 1809.
Leucaena glauca Benth. = Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit subsp. Caesalpinia paucijuga Benth., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 20: t. 1977. 1891.
leucocephala Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas),
Lesser Antilles (Antigua), and Trinidad; native to South America.
Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Gillis = Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth.
Common Name: Quiebrahacha (Puerto Rico).
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Taxon 10: 54. 1961, subsp. References: 30, 61, 131, 390.
leucocephala; Mimosa leucocephala Lam., Encycl. 1: 12. 1783.
Lomoplis ceratonia (L.) Raf. = Mimosa ceratonia L. var. ceratonia
Leucaena glauca Benth, J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 416. 1842; Acacia glauca
Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1075. 1806, nom. illeg., non (L.) Moench. Lonchocarpus benthamianus Pittier, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 86. 1917.
Acacia frondosa Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1076. 1806. Lonchocarpus caribaeus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 156.
Acacia portoricensis sensu Bello, non (Jacq.) Willd., Anales Soc. Esp. 1921.
Hist. Nat. 10: 265. 1881. Lonchocarpus violaceus Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4 (Suppl.): 95.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, 1860.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Barbados) and South America.
Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Common Names: Greenheart, Savonette, Savonette le ba, Savonette
Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, petite feuille (Lesser Antilles).
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, References: 31, 151, 158.
St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Lonchocarpus blainii C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, South America, and Old Méd. Habana 5: 338. 1869.
World; native to Mexico. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Grenadillo bobo, Granadino, Granalino, Granolino, Common Names: Guamá hediondo, Guamá hediondo hembra,
Leucaena, Lino, Lino criollo (Dominican Republic), Graines de Guamacito (Cuba).
lin, Graines de lin pays, Tchia-tchia marron (Haiti), Lead tree References: 3, 12.
(Jamaica), Macata, Macta-bourse, Monval, Tamarin bâtard, Wild
mimosa, Wild tamarind (Lesser Antilles), Acacia, Acacia pálida, Lonchocarpus broadwayi Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 366. 1908.
Campeche, Hediondilla, Tantan, Zarcilla (Puerto Rico), Wild Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Grenada).
tamarind (Virgin Islands). References: 1, 30.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 175, 224, 412. Lonchocarpus caribaeus Urb. = Lonchocarpus benthamianus Pittier
Lonchocarpus chrysophyllus Kleinhoonte, Recueil Trav. Bot. Neerl. 30:
Leucaena pseudotrichodes (DC.) Britton & Rose = Leucaena trichodes 174. 1933.
(Jacq.) Benth. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to South America.
Leucaena trichodes (Jacq.) Benth., J. Bot. 4: 417. 1842; Mimosa trichodes References: 151, 158, 254.
Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 76. 1798. Type: Venezuela. Lonchocarpus domingensis (Turpin ex Pers.) DC. = Lonchocarpus
Leucaena pseudotrichodes (DC.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): sericeus (Poir.) Kunth ex DC
124. 1928.
Lonchocarpus ehrenbergii Urb. = Lonchocarpus neurophyllus Urb.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Margarita, and South America.
Common Names: Palo blanco, Palo de burro (Dominican Republic), Lonchocarpus ellipticus Alain, Phytologia 22: 163. 1972.
Bois bourro (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Libidibia coriaria (Jacq.) Schltdl., Linnaea 5: 193. 1830; Caesalpinia Lonchocarpus glaucifolius Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 326. 1899.
coriaria (Jacq.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 532. 1799; Poinciana coriaria Lonchocarpus violaceus sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 92.
Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 123. 1763. 1885, non Kunth.
Caesalpinia thomaea Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 343. 1825. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Puerto
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Common Names: Guamá (Cuba), Geno (Puerto Rico).
Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Martinique, References: 3, 6, 12, 131, 132.
Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Lonchocarpus heptaphyllus (Poir.) DC., Prodr. 2: 259. 1825; Dalbergia
Curaçao, Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America, heptaphylla Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 2: 446.
and South America. 1812.
number 9 8 • 441
Dalbergia pentaphylla Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 2: Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) Kunth ex DC., Prodr. 2: 260. 1825;
445. 1812; Lonchocarpus pentaphyllus (Poir.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. Robinia sericea Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 226.
von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1804. Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) Kunth ex DC. var. glabrescens
(quarto ed.) 6: 383. 1824. Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4 (Suppl.): 88. 1860.
Lonchocarpus latifolius Kunth ex DC., Prodr. 2: 260. 1825. Robinia latifolia sensu Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 247. 1826, non Poir.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Lonchocarpus domingensis (Turpin ex Pers.) DC., Prodr. 2: 259. 1825;
Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia), Margarita, Dalbergia domingensis Turpin ex Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 276. 1807.
Trinidad (cultivated), Mexico, and Central America. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Common Names: Forteventura, Frijolillo amarillo, Guamá de costa, Rico, Lesser Antilles (Martinique), Margarita, Mexico, Central
Guamá hediondillo, Guama macho, Hediondo, Palo hediondo America, South America, and Africa.
(Cuba), Anón de majagua (Dominican Republic), Battre à caiman Common Names: Geno-geno (Bahamas), Guamá, Guamá bobo, Guamá
(Haiti), Palo seco (Puerto Rico). de majagua, Guamá de soga, Majagua de Cuba (Cuba), Anoncillo,
References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 31, 58, 323, 403. Anón, Anón de río, Anón de majagua (Dominican Republic), Bois
caïman (Haiti), Genogeno (Puerto Rico).
Lonchocarpus latifolius Kunth ex DC. = Lonchocarpus heptaphyllus
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 12, 45, 58, 61, 151, 158, 301, 309, 323, 403.
(Poir.) DC.
Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) Kunth ex DC. var. glabrescens Benth. =
Lonchocarpus latifolius sensu A. Rich. = Hebestigma cubense (Kunth)
Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) DC.
Urb.
Lonchocarpus violaceus Benth. = Lonchocarpus benthamianus Pittier
Lonchocarpus longipes Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 13. 1926.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Lonchocarpus violaceus (Jacq.) Kunth ex DC., Prodr. 2: 259. 1825;
Hispaniola. Robinia violacea Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 28. 1760.
Common Names: Guamá de costa, Guamá negro, Guamá prieto, Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica,
Guamacito (Cuba), Anón, Anón de río (Dominican Republic). Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St.
References: 3, 5, 7, 12. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, and South America.
References: 1, 158.
Lonchocarpus maculatus (Kunth) DC. = Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth
Lonchocarpus violaceus sensu A. Stahl = Lonchocarpus glaucifolius Urb.
Lonchocarpus monophyllus Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 42. 1928.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Lucaya choriophylla (Benth.) Britton & Rose = Vachellia choriophylla
Common Names: Biajama (Dominican Republic), Caïman marron (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger
(Haiti). Lupinus angustifolius L., Sp. Pl. 721. 1753.
References: 5, 7. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, and North America; native
Lonchocarpus neurophyllus Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 282. 1902, var. to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
neurophyllus Common Names: Yuca (Dominican Republic), Lupin (Jamaica).
Lonchocarpus ehrenbergii Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 283. 1902. References: 2, 123.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Lysiloma ambiguum (Vogel) Urb. = Senegalia westiana (DC.) Britton &
Common Name: Anoncillo (Dominican Republic). Rose
Lysiloma bahamense Benth. = Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth.
Lonchocarpus neurophyllus Urb. var. oligophyllus Urb. & Ekman, Ark.
Bot. 24A(4): 10. 1931. Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 534.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). 1875; Mimosa latisiliqua L., Sp. Pl. 519. 1753; Acacia latisiliqua
References: 7, 149. (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1067. 1806; Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Gillis,
Taxon 23: 190. 1974.
Lonchocarpus nitidus (Vogel) Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl.): Acacia bahamensis (Benth.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 221. 1860; Lysiloma
92. 1860. bahamensis Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 82. 1844.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to South America. Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth. var. latifoliolatum (A. Barreto &
References: 151, 158, 254. Yakovlev) Bässler, Acta Bot. Cub. 41: 6. 1987.
Lonchocarpus patens Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 367. 1908. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Mexico, and Central America;
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. introduced in Lesser Antilles (Barbados).
Reference: 2. Common Names: Wild tamarind (Bahamas), Guije, Jigüe, Sabicú,
Sabicú quiebra hacha (Cuba).
Lonchocarpus pentaphyllus (Poir.) Kunth = Lonchocarpus heptaphyllus
References: 1, 45, 114, 150, 175.
(Poir.) DC.
Lysiloma latisiliquum sensu León & Alain = Lysiloma sabicu Benth.
Lonchocarpus punctatus Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 383. 1824. Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth. var. latifoliolatum (A. Barreto &
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, St. Lucia); Yakovlev) Bässler = Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth.
native to tropical America. Lysiloma marchianum Griseb. = Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.) H.M.
Reference: 223. Hern. subsp. portoricensis
Lonchocarpus pycnophyllus Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 41. 1928. Lysiloma paucifoliolum (DC.) Hitchc. ex Northrop = Lysiloma sabicu
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Benth.
References: 5, 7.
Lysiloma sabicu Benth., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 236. 1854.
Lonchocarpus rariflorus Mart. ex Benth. = Deguelia rariflora (Mart. ex Acacia formosa sensu A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Benth.) G. Lewis & Acev.-Rodr. Vasc. 463. 1845, non Willd.
Lonchocarpus sepium (Jacq.) DC. = Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth Leucaena formosa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 82. 1866.
Acacia latisiliqua (L.) Willd. var. paucifoliola DC., Prodr. 2: 467. 1825. Macroptilium longepedunculatum (Mart. ex Benth.) Urb., Symb.
Lysiloma latisiliquum sensu León & Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Antill. 9: 457. 1928; Phaseolus longepedunculatus Mart. ex
Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 10: 239. 1951, non (L.) Benth. Benth., Commentat. Legum. Gen. 77. 1837.
Lysiloma paucifoliolum (DC.) Hitchc. & Northrop, Mem. Torrey Bot. Distribution: Native to Cuba, and South America.
Club 12: 38. 1902. References: 3, 30, 417.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Mexico Martiusia laurifolia (Poir.) Britton = Clitoria laurifolia Poir. var.
(Yucatan). laurifolia
Common Names: Horseflesh, Sabicu (Bahamas), Jigüe, Jiqui, Sabicú
(Cuba), Cracolí (Dominican Republic). Martiusia rubiginosa (Juss. ex Pers.) Britton = Clitoria falcata Lam. var.
References: 3, 7, 30, 45, 123, 150, 175. falcata
Machaerium haitiense Urb. & Ekman = Machaonia haitiensis Urb. & Medicago lupulina L., Sp. Pl. 779. 1753.
Ekman (Rubiaceae) Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, North America,
Central America, and South America; native to Europe, Asia, and
Machaerium lunatum (L.) Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro Africa.
4: 310. 1925; Pterocarpus lunatus L, Pl. Surinam. 13. 1775; Common Names: Black medick, Hop clover (Bahamas).
Drepanocarpus lunatus (L.) G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 238. 1818. References: 3, 5, 7, 45, 224.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St.
Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, and South America. Medicago polymorpha L., Sp. Pl. 779. 1753.
Common Names: Cambrón, Escambrón (Dominican Republic), Croc- Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and United States (FL); native to
chien, Manatee bush, Mangle, Mangle-medaille (Lesser Antilles), Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Escambrón, Palo de hoz (Puerto Rico). References: 7, 150.
References: 1, 6, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61. Medicago sativa L., Sp. Pl. 778. 1753.
Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 457. 1928; Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands,
Phaseolus atropurpureus DC., Prodr. 2: 395. 1825. and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe); native to Europe, Africa, and
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Asia.
Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Common Names: Alfalfa (Dominican Republic), Alfalfa (Puerto Rico),
Lucia), and United States (FL); native to Mexico, Central America, Lucerne (Virgin Islands).
and South America. References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 224.
Common Names: Kruzu, Kudzu, Siratro (Dominican Republic), Red Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO; reported for Virgin
pea, Sirato (Lesser Antilles). Islands by Britton & Wilson, but no island cited.
References: 7, 32, 45, 58, 150, 254. Meibomia adscendens (Sw.) Kuntze = Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC.
Macroptilium domingense Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 51. 1928. Meibomia affinis (Schltdl.) Kuntze = Desmodium affine Schltdl.
Meibomia albiflora (Salzm. ex Benth.) Kuntze = Desmodium affine
References: 5, 7.
Schltdl.
Macroptilium ekmanianum Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 52. 1928.
Meibomia axillaris (Sw.) Kuntze = Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var.
axillare
References: 5, 7.
Meibomia axillaris (Sw.) Kuntze var. acutifolia Kuntze = Desmodium
Macroptilium gracile (Poepp. ex Benth.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 457.
axillare (Sw.) DC. var. acutifolium (Kuntze) Urb.
1928; Phaseolus gracilis Poepp. ex Benth, Commentat. Legum.
Gen. 77. 1837. Meibomia barbata (L.) Kuntze = Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth.
Phaseolus savannarum Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: Meibomia cubensis (Griseb.) Schindl. = Desmodium cubense Griseb.
70. 1920.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Mexico, Meibomia distorta (Aubl.) Schindl. = Desmodium distortum (Aubl.) J.F.
Central America, and South America. Macbr.
References: 3, 30, 417. Meibomia glabra (Mill.) Kuntze = Desmodium glabrum (Mill.) DC.
Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 457. 1928; Meibomia mollis (Vahl) Kuntze = Desmodium glabrum (Mill.) DC.
Phaseolus lathyroides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1018. 1763.
Meibomia procumbens (Mill.) Britton = Desmodium procumbens
Phaseolus semierectus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 481. 1767.
(Mill.) Hitchc. var. procumbens
Distribution: Uncertain origin. Distributed in Bahamas, Cayman
Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Meibomia purpurea (Mill.) Vail ex Small = Desmodium tortuosum
(St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, (Sw.) DC.
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Meibomia scorpiurus (Sw.) Kuntze = Desmodium scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv.
Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Curaçao, North
America, Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old Meibomia sintenisii (Urb.) Britton = Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var.
World. acutifolium (Kuntze) Urb.
Common Names: Wild bush bean (Bahamas), Banderita, Contra Meibomia spiralis (Sw.) Kuntze = Desmodium procumbens (Mill.)
maligna, Contra miligna, Maribari, Oreja de ratón, Pico de Hitchc. var. procumbens
aura (Cuba), Ajai (Dominican Republic), Pois puant marron,
Meibomia supina (Sw.) Britton = Desmodium incanum DC. var. incanum
Pois marron (Haiti), Pois-poison, Pois-zombie,(Lesser Antilles),
Habichuela parada, Látiros del pasto (Puerto Rico). Meibomia tortuosa (Sw.) Kuntze = Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 123, 224, 301. Meibomia triflora (L.) Kuntze = Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC., Prodr.
number 9 8 • 443
Meibomia umbrosa Britton = Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. Mimosa asperata sensu authors = Mimosa pigra L.
axillare Mimosa azuensis Britton ex Britton & Rose = Mimosa domingensis
Meibomia wydleriana (Urb.) Britton = Desmodium wydlerianum Urb. (DC.) Benth
Melilotus albus Medik., Vorles. Churpfälz. Phys.-Öcon. Ges. 2: 382. Mimosa bahamensis Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 408. 1842;
1787. Pteromimosa bahamensis (Benth.) Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23(3):
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and 171. 1928. Type: Bahamas, Swainson s.n. (Holotype: K).
North America; native to Europe, Africa, Asia, and Pacific Region. Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas.
Common Names: Hubam, White sweet clover (Bahamas). Common Names: Bahama mimosa, Haulback (Bahamas).
Melilotus indicus (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1: 308. 1785. Mimosa berlandieri A. Gray ex Torr. = Mimosa asperata L.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas and North America; native to Europe, Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891, var.
Africa, and Asia. bimucronata
Common Name: Sour clover (Bahamas). Mimosa thyrsoidea Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 219. 1860.
References: 45, 159. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to South America.
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., Fl. Franc. 2: 594. 1779 [“1778”]. Common Name: Brazil macca (Jamaica).
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and North America; native to Europe and References: 2, 145.
Asia. Mimosa buchii Urb. = Mimosa domingensis (Bertero ex DC.) Benth
Common Name: Torongil (Cuba).
References: 132. Mimosa camporum Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 130. 1840. Type:
Guyana, Schomburgk 725 (Holotype: K, Isotypes: multi).
Micropteryx poeppigiana Walp. = Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Martinique, St. Lucia,
Cook St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South
Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi, Fl. Bilaspur District, 1: 210. 1989; America.
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 5. 1907. References: 1, 145.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Central America; native to Mimosa caracasana Jacq. = Zapoteca caracasana (Jacq.) H.M. Hern.
Africa, Asia, Malesia, Australia, and Pacific Region. subsp. caracasana
Mimosa casta L., Sp. Pl. 518. 1753.
Mimosa angustifolia Lam. = Senegalia angustifolia (Lam.) Britton & Mimosa dominiciana Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 9: 424. 1826.
Rose Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica,
Mimosa angustissima Mill. = Acaciella angustissima (Mill.) Britton & Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
Rose var. angustissima Trinidad, Tobago, and South America; exotic in Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Amourette, Cock chien, Honteuse male, Kók chyen
Mimosa antillarum Lam. ex Poir. = Chloroleucon mangense (Jacq.)
(Lesser Antilles).
Britton & Rose var. mangense
Mimosa apleura Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 441. 1928. Type: Cuba, Ekman
Mimosa catalinae León & Alain = Mimosa asperata L
17462 (Holotype: B†).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Mimosa ceratonia L., Sp. Pl. 523. 1753, var. ceratonia; Lomoplis
References: 3, 30, 39, 175. ceratonia (L.) Raf., Sylva Tellur. 118. 1838.
Note: Possibly a synonym of Mimosa ekmanii (145); considered Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto
threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba (39). Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola,
Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
Mimosa arabica Lam. = Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia).
Mimosa arborea L. = Cojoba arborea (L.) Britton & Rose Common Names: Araña gato, Aruña gato, Bejuco zarza, Roseta, Zarza
Mimosa arenosa (Willd.) Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. (Dominican Republic), Rose marron (Haiti), Croc-chien, Gratte-
1: 66. 1810, var. arenosa; Acacia arenosa Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, jambe, Amourette-grand-bois (Lesser Antilles), Zarza (Puerto
4(2): 1054. 1806. Rico), Black ambret, Climbing mimosa (Virgin Islands).
Mimosa malacocentra Benth., Trans. Hort. Soc. London 30: 415. 1875; References: 1, 5, 6, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61, 75, 145, 340.
Acacia malacocentra Mart., Flora 20, Beibl. 2: 106. 1837. Mimosa circinalis L. = Pithecellobium circinale (L.) Benth.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Mimosa comosa Sw. = Calliandra comosa (Sw.) Benth.
Martinique), and Margarita; native to South America.
References: 6, 58, 145, 323. Mimosa cornigera L. = Vachellia cornigera (L.) Seigler & Ebinger
Mimosa asperata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1312. 1759. Mimosa cyclocarpa Jacq. = Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb.
Mimosa berlandieri A. Gray ex Torr. in J. Torrey, Rep. U.S. Mex. Mimosa debilis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1029. 1806, var.
Bound., Bot. 2: 61. 1859. debilis
Mimosa catalinae León & Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia) and South America.
“De La Salle” 9: 9. 1950. References: 1, 145.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Martinique), North
America, Mexico, and Central America. Mimosa diplacantha Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 30: 424. 1875.
Common Names: Aroma espinosa, Aroma prieta, Mimosa, Reina, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Tocino, Weyler (Cuba), Amourette-rivière, Amourette violet, Reference : 145.
Banglin (Lesser Antilles). Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
References: 1, 3, 6, 145, 175, 254. Habana 5: 405. 1869, var. diplotricha
Mimosa invisa Mart., Flora 20: 121. 1837. Mimosa laurina Sw. = Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd.
Distribution: Native in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Mimosa lebbeck L. = Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.
References: 2, 3, 6, 7, 32, 58, 145, 156, 175, 301. Mimosa leonardii Britton & Rose ex Rose & Leonard, J. Wash.
Acad. Sci. 17: 256. 1927. Type: Hispaniola: Haiti, Leonard 9105
Mimosa distachya Cav. var. oligacantha (DC.) Barneby, Mem. New (Holotype: US, Isotype: NY).
York Bot. Gard. 65: 83. 1991; Mimosa oligacantha DC., Prodr. 2: Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
429. 1825. Type: Colombia, Bertero s.n. (Holotype: G-DC). Reference: 7.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and Mexico.
Common Names: Rompe camisa, Zarza blanca (Cuba). Mimosa leucocephala Lam. = Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit
References: 3, 145, 175, 224. subsp. Leucocephala
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Mimosa longifolia Andrews = Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd.
Mimosa domingensis (Bertero ex DC.) Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 409. Mimosa lutea Mill. = Vachellia macracantha (Humb. & Bonpl. ex
1842; Acacia domingensis Bertero ex DC., Prodr. 2: 464. 1825. Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger
Mimosa mornicola Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 228. 1912.
Mimosa macracantha (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Poir. = Vachellia
Mimosa buchii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 89. 1925.
macracantha (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger
Mimosa azuensis Britton ex Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(3): 164.
1928. Mimosa malacocentra Benth. = Mimosa arenosa (Willd.) Poir.
Mimosa farisii Leonard ex Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(3): 164. 1928. Mimosa mangensis Jacq. = Chloroleucon mangense (Jacq.) Britton &
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Rose var. mangense
Common Name: Zarza (Dominican Republic).
References: 5, 7, 30, 145. Mimosa moaensis Britton & P. Wilson = Mimosa ekmanii Urb.
Mimosa dominiciana Desv. = Mimosa casta L. Mimosa mornicola Urb. = Mimosa domingensis (Bertero ex DC.)
Benth.
Mimosa dulcis Roxb. = Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.
Mimosa muricata L. = Senegalia muricata (L.) Britton & Rose
Mimosa ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 440. 1928. Type: Cuba, Ekman
15174 (Holotype: B†, Isotype: NY). Mimosa nilotica L. = Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.
Mimosa moaensis Britton & P. Wilson, N. Amer. Fl. 23(3): 171. 1928. Mimosa nutans Pers. = Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. var.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. africana Brenan & Brummitt
References: 3, 30, 156, 175.
Mimosa oligacantha DC. = Mimosa distachya Cav. var. oligacantha
Mimosa extranea Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 433. 1875. (DC.) Barneby
Mimosa paniculata H. West = Senegalia westiana (DC.) Britton & Rose
References: 5, 7.
Mimosa parvifoliolata Alain, Moscosoa 1(1): 22. 1976. Type:
Mimosa fagaracantha Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 81. 1866. Type: Cuba,
Hispaniola: Dominican Republic, Liogier 21300 (Lectotype: SDM,
Wright 2390 (Holotype: GOET, Isotypes: GH, NY, YU).
Isolectotype: NY).
Mimosa pulverulenta Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 439. 1928.
Common Name: Granadillo (Cuba).
References: 3, 30, 175. Mimosa pellita Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = Mimosa pigra L.
Mimosa fagifolia L. = Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. Mimosa peregrina L. = Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg.
Mimosa farisii Leonard ex Britton & Rose = Mimosa domingensis Mimosa pernambucana L. = Desmanthus pernambucanus (L.) Thell.
(Bertero ex DC.) Benth. Mimosa pigra L., Cent. Pl. 1, 13. 1755, typ. conserv.
Mimosa farnesiana L. = Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. Mimosa asperata sensu authors, non L.
Mimosa pellita Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1037. 1806.
Mimosa fastuosa Jacq. = Inga fastuosa (Jacq.) Willd.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Mimosa filicifolia Lam. = Cojoba arborea (L.) Britton & Rose (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie
Mimosa gigas L. = Entada gigas (L.) Fawc. & Rendle Galante, Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), North
America, Mexico, Central America, South America, and Africa.
Mimosa glauca L. = Acaciella glauca (L.) L. Rico Common Names: Amourette-rivière, Amourette violet, Banglin,
Mimosa glomerata Forssk. = Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. Sensitiva mimosa (Cuba).
var. africana Brenan & Brummitt References: 3, 6, 58, 132, 145, 175.
Mimosa guadalupensis Pers. = Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth. Mimosa plena L. = Neptunia plena (L.) Benth.
Mimosa inga L. = Inga vera Willd. subsp. vera Mimosa polydactyla Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1033. 1806.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Vincent) and
Mimosa ingoides Rich. = Inga ingoides (Rich.) Willd.
Puerto Rico; native to Central America and South America.
Mimosa invisa Mart. = Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle var. References: 1, 145.
diplotricha
Mimosa polystachya L. = Entada polystachya (L.) DC. var. polystachya
Mimosa juliflora Sw. = Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.
Mimosa portoricensis Jacq. = Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.) H.M.
Mimosa lacustris Humb. & Bonpl. = Neptunia oleracea Lour. Hern. subsp. portoricensis
Mimosa latifolia L. = Zygia latifolia (L.) Fawc. & Rendle var. latifolia Mimosa procera Roxb. = Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth.
Mimosa latisiliqua L. = Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth. Mimosa prostrata Lam. = Neptunia oleracea Lour.
number 9 8 • 445
Mimosa pudica L., Sp. Pl. 518. 1753, var. pudica Morongia leptoclada O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins, Econ. Pl. Porto Rico
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, 194. 1903.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Morongia portoricensis (Urb.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson,
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 357. 1924; Schrankia
Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, portoricensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 267. 1900; Leptoglottis
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. portoricensis (Urb.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(3): 140.
Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central America, 1928.
and South America. Schrankia distachya sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 136. 1885,
Common Names: Sensitive plant (Bahamas), Dormidera, Dormilona, non DC.
Maldita, Morivivi, Sensitiva cimarrona, Sensitiva, Vergonzosa Schrankia leptocarpa sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 263.
(Cuba), Honte, Sensitive, Mori-viví, Moriviví, Muere vivir, Quitém 1881, non DC.
tranquille, Ronte, Viví morí, Vivir morir (Dominican Republic), Schrankia leptocarpa sensu Liogier, Descr. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 51. 1988,
Feuilles honte, Feuilles l’endormi, La honteuse, More-viví, non DC.
Mouri levé, Quint’em tranquille (Haiti), Shame weed (Jamaica), Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Honteuse, Honteuse femelle, Marie-honte, Mayhont, Sensitive References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61, 145.
plant, Ti mawi (Lesser Antilles), Mimosa, Moriviví, Sensitiva Mimosa retusa Jacq. = Senegalia westiana (DC.) Britton & Rose
(Puerto Rico), Sensitive plant (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 150, 175, 224. Mimosa rugata Lam. = Senegalia rugata (Lam.) Britton & Rose
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Mimosa saman Jacq. = Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.
Mimosa pudica L. var. hispida Brenan, Kew Bull. 10: 186. 1955. Type: Mimosa scabrella Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 387. 1841.
Java, Junghuhn 719 (Holotype: K). Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. References: 158, 159, 383.
Lucia), and Trinidad.
Mimosa senegal L. = Vachellia senegal (L.) Britton
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 145, 175.
Mimosa speciosa Jacq. = Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.
Mimosa pudica L. var. tetrandra (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) DC.,
Prodr. 2: 426. 1825; Mimosa tetrandra Humb. & Bonpl. ex Mimosa tamarindifolia L. = Senegalia tamarindifolia (L.) Britton &
Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1032. 1806. Rose
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Tobago, and Trinidad, and South America. Mimosa tenuifolia L. = Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britton var. tenuifolia
References: 3, 145, 175, 404.
Mimosa tergemina L. = Calliandra tergemina (L.) Benth.
Mimosa pudica L. var. unijuga (Walp. & Duchass.) Griseb., Abh.
Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 211. 1857; Mimosa unijuga Mimosa tetragona Poir. = Mimosa quadrivalvis L. var. tetragona (Poir.)
Walp. & Duchass., Linnaea 23: 744. 1851. Type: Guadeloupe, Barneby
Duchassaing s.n. (Lectotype: GOET). Mimosa tetrandra Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = Mimosa pudica L. var.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola (Dominican tetrandra (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) DC.
Republic), Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), Trinidad,
Mimosa thyrsoidea Griseb. = Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze var.
bimucronata
Common Names: Honteuse, Honteuse femelle, Marie-honte, Mayhont,
Sensitive plant, Ti mawi (Lesser Antilles). Mimosa tortuosa L. = Vachellia tortuosa (L.) Seigler & Ebinger
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 145. Mimosa trichodes Jacq. = Leucaena trichodes (Jacq.) Benth.
Mimosa pulverulenta Urb. = Mimosa fagaracantha Griseb. Mimosa unguis-cati L. = Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth.
Mimosa punctata L. = Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. Mimosa unijuga Walp. & Duchass. = Mimosa pudica L. var. unijuga
Mimosa purpurea L. = Calliandra purpurea (L.) Benth. (Walp. & Duchass.) Griseb.
Mimosa quadrivalvis L. var. leptocarpa (DC.) Barneby, Mem. New Mimosa villosa Sw. = Acaciella villosa (Sw.) Britton & Rose
York Bot. Gard. 65: 298. 1991; Schrankia leptocarpa DC., Prodr. Mimosa virgata L. = Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd.
2: 443. 1825; Leptoglottis leptocarpa (DC.) Standl., J. Wash.
Acad. Sci. 15: 458. 1925. Mimosa viva L., Sp. Pl. 517. 1753. Type: Jamaica, Sloane, Voy. Jamaica
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles 2: 58, t. 182, fig. 7. 1725.
(Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Trinidad, Central Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica.
America, and South America. References: 2, 3, 145, 175.
References: 2, 145, 323. Mora abbottii Rose & Leonard, N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 218. 1930.
Mimosa quadrivalvis L. var. tetragona (Poir.) Barneby, Mem. New Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
York Bot. Gard. 65: 297. 1991; Mimosa tetragona Poir. in Common Name: Col, Coi (Dominican Republic).
J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 1: 56. 1810. Reference: 7.
Leptoglottis hamata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Standl., J. Wash. Mora ekmanii (Urb.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 218. 1930;
Acad. Sci. 15: 458. 1925; Schrankia hamata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dimorphandra ekmanii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24:
Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1042. 1806. 4. 1927.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to South America. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 145, 175. Common Names: Coy, Col, Coi (Dominican Republic), Tabernon
Mimosa quadrivalvis L. var. urbaniana Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. montagne, Tavernon montagne (Haiti).
Gard. 65: 297. 1991. Reference: 7.
Morongia distachya O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins, Econ. Pl. Porto Rico Morongia distachya O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins = Mimosa quadrivalvis
194. 1903. L. var. urbaniana Barneby
Morongia leptoclada O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins = Mimosa quadrivalvis Muellera frutescens (Aubl.) Standl., Trop. Woods 34: 41. 1933.
L. var. urbaniana Barneby Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent); native to Tobago,
Morongia portoricensis (Urb.) Britton = Mimosa quadrivalvis L. var.
urbaniana Barneby
Myriadenus tetraphyllus (L.) Desv. = Zornia myriadena Benth.
Mucuna altissima (Jacq.) DC. = Mucuna urens (L.) Medik.
Myrospermum frutescens Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 20. 1760.
Mucuna fawcettii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 371. 1908.
(St. Croix, St. Thomas), and Margarita; native to Mexico, Central
Reference: 2.
Mucuna mutisiana DC., Prodr. 2: 406. 1825. Common Names: Bálsamo de Guatemala, Guatemala (Cuba), Sereipo
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic), Central (Dominican Republic), Cereipo (Puerto Rico).
America, and South America. References: 6, 7, 58, 131, 132, 301, 323.
Reference: 254 (Liogier 112766).
Myrospermum pereirae Royle = Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var.
Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 405. 1825, var. pruriens; Dolichos pereirae (Royle) Harms
pruriens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1162. 1759; Stizolobium pruriens
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var. pereirae (Royle) Harms,
(L.) Medik., Vorles. Churpfälz. Phys.-Öcon. Ges. 2: 399. 1787.
Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 95. 1908; Myrospermum
Stizolobium pruritum (Wight) Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 30: 54. 1917.
pereirae Royle, Man. Mat. Med., ed. 2, 414. 1853.
Distribution: Exotic and naturalized in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, and
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas),
United States (FL); native to Mexico, Central America, and South
America.
Montserrat, St. Lucia), United States (FL), Mexico, and South
Common Names: Bálsamo del Perú, Bálsamo de tolú, Guatemala
America; native to tropical Asia.
(Cuba), Bálsamo del Perú (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Cow itch (Bahamas), Cadjuet, Pica-pica (Cuba),
References: 7, 131, 132, 151, 158, 224.
Cowitch (Jamaica), Cowitch, Poil-à-gratter, Pois-gratter (Lesser
Antilles), Picapica (Puerto Rico), Cow-itch (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61, 150, 230. Neltuma constricta (Sarg.) Britton & Rose = Prosopis glandulosa Torr.
var. glandulosa
Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wall. ex Wight) Baker ex Burck,
Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 11: 187. 1893; Mucuna utilis Wall. ex Neltuma glandulosa (Torr.) Britton & Rose = Prosopis glandulosa Torr.
Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 1: t. 280. 1840. var. glandulosa
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, St. Lucia). Neltuma juliflora (Sw.) Raf. = Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.
Common Names: Café brazili, Kafé go bouwo, Portuguese coffee
(Lesser Antilles). Neltuma neomexicana Britton & Rose = Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var.
References: 1 glandulosa
Mucuna sloanei Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 55: 36. 1917, var. sloanei *Neorudolphia volubilis (Willd.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 426. 1924; Rudolphia
Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, volubilis Willd., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3:
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. 452. 1801; Butea volubilis (Willd.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 279. 1807.
Vincent), United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South Erythrina cordifolia Juss. ex DC., Prodr. 2: 414. 1825.
America. Erythrina portoricensis Desf., Tabl. École Bot. 191. 1804; Rudolphia
Common Names: Granganilla (Cuba), Ojo de buey, Yeux bourrique, portoricensis (Desf.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 161. 1830.
Zié bourrique (Haiti), Horse-eye bean (Jamaica), Z’yeux à boeuf, Rudolphia scandens Poir., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 46: 419. 1827.
Z’yeux-bourrique (Lesser Antilles), Horse-eye bean, Mato, Ojo de Rudolphia sericea Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1 : 241. 1840.
buey (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61, 150. Common Names: Bejuco de alambre, Bejuco colorado, Bejuco prieto
(Puerto Rico).
Mucuna urens (L.) Medik., Vorles. Churpfälz. Phys.-Öcon. Ges. 2: 399. References: 6, 32, 58, 61.
1787; Dolichos urens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1162. 1759.
Dolichos altissimus Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 27. 1760; Mucuna altissima Nephromeria sintenisii (Urb.) Britton & P. Wilson = Desmodium
(Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 2: 405. 1825. axillare (Sw.) DC. var. acutifolium (Kuntze) Urb.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Neptunia floridana Small = Neptunia pubescens Benth. var. pubescens
Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,
Neptunia lindheimeri B.L. Rob. = Neptunia pubescens Benth. var.
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Central America, and
pubescens
South America.
Common Names: Bejuco jairey, Cairel, Jairey, Ojo de borrico, Ojo de Neptunia mazatlana Britton & Rose = Neptunia pubescens Benth. var.
buey, Ojo de caballo, Pica-pica (Cuba), Fogaraté, Fogarté, Guimate, pubescens
Masasá, Mate, Torteza (Dominican Republic), Gé bourrique, Gros Neptunia oleracea Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 654. 1790.
pois poulleux, Oeil de bourrque, Ojo de buey, Yeux bourrique, Desmanthus lacustris (Humb. & Bonpl.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1044. 1806;
Zié bourrique, Z’yeux bourrique (Haiti), Ox-eye bean (Jamaica), Mimosa lacustris Humb. & Bonpl., Pl. Aequinoct. 1: 55. 1806.
Canicroc, Sea bean, Z’yeux-bourrique, Z’yeux canique noir (Lesser Desmanthus natans (Vahl) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1044. 1806.
Antilles), Mato, Tortera (Puerto Rico), Oxeye bean (Virgin Islands). Desmanthus stolonifer DC., Prodr. 2: 444. 1825; Neptunia stolonifera
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58. (DC.) Guill., Perr. & A. Rich., Fl. Seneg. Tent. 239. 1832.
Mucuna utilis Wall. ex Wight = Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis Neptunia prostrata (Lam.) Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 356.
(Wall. ex Wight) Baker ex Burck 1883; Mimosa prostrata Lam., Encycl. 1: 10. 1783.
number 9 8 • 447
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Ormocarpum sulcatum P. Beauv. = Pictetia sulcata (P. Beauv.) Beyra &
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Lavin
References: 2, 3, 7, 58, 108, 158, 175. Ormosia dasycarpa sensu Bello = Ormosia krugii Urb.
Neptunia plena (L.) Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 355. 1842; Mimosa Ormosia jamaicensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 366. 1908. Type: Jamaica,
plena L., Sp. Pl. 519. 1753; Desmanthus plenus (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. Harris 9241 (Isotype: NY).
4: 1045. 1806. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Desmanthus comosus A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Common Name: Red nickel (Jamaica).
Vasc. 475. 1845. References: 2, 414, 427.
Desmanthus polyphyllus DC., Prodr. 2: 444. 1825; Neptunia Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
polyphylla (DC.) Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 129. 1840. Species.
Desmanthus punctatus (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1047. 1806; Mimosa
punctata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1311. 1759. Ormosia krugii Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 320. 1899. Type: Puerto Rico,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Sintenis 1886 (Lectotype: US).
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Ormosia dasycarpa sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 256.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, 1881, non Jacks.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Martin, Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto
St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, North America, Mexico, Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe).
Central America, South America, and Old World. Common Names: Palo de peonía, Palo de peronía, Palo de peronila,
Common Names: Water dead-and-awake (Jamaica), Acacia jaune, Peonía, Peronía, Peronila (Dominican Republic), Bois nan non
Pompon jaune, Pompon-mare (Lesser Antilles), Desmanto amarillo (Haiti), Caconier blanc, Caconnier (Lesser Antilles), Palo de
(Puerto Rico). matos, Palo de peronías, Peronía (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 175. References: 1, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 414.
Neptunia polyphylla (DC.) Benth. = Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. Ormosia macrocalyx Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 137.
1922. Type: Brazil, Ducke 7345 (Isotype: BM).
Neptunia prostrata (Lam.) Baill. = Neptunia oleracea Lour. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Mexico, Central America,
Neptunia pubescens Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 356. 1842. and South America.
Acacia insularis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. References: 151, 254.
464. 1845. Ormosia monosperma (Sw.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 321. 1899; Sophora
Neptunia floridana Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 138. 1898; monosperma Sw., Prodr. 66. 1788. Type: West Indies (presumed
Neptunia pubescens Benth. var. floridana (Small) B.L. Turner, St. Vincent), Anderson s.n. (?Holotype: BM).
Amer. Midl. Naturalist 46: 89. 1951. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Neptunia lindheimeri B.L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 333. 1998; Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Lucia, St.
Neptunia pubescens Benth. var. lindheimeri (B.L. Rob.) B.L. Vincent), Trinidad, and South America.
Turner, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 46: 88. 1951. Common Names: Angelin, Bastard nickers, Bois fouge, Bois oui, Caconi
Neptunia mazatlana Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(3): 182. 1928. rouge, Dédéfouden, Grain l’église, Jumbie, Jumbi beads, Pwa bwa
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, wawi, Snakewood, Wawai (Lesser Antilles).
Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique), North America, References: 1, 30, 414.
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 156, 175. Orobus domingensis (Willd.) Spreng. = Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers.
Neptunia pubescens Benth. var. floridana (Small) B.L. Turner = Oxyrhynchus insularis (Britton) Piper = Oxyrhynchus volubilis
Neptunia pubescens Benth. var. pubescens Brandegee
Neptunia pubescens Benth. var. lindheimeri (B.L. Rob.) B.L. Turner = Oxyrhynchus volubilis Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 271. 1912.
Neptunia pubescens Benth. var. pubescens Dolichos insularis Britton in N.L. Britton & C.F. Millspaugh, Bahama
Fl. 195. 1920; Oxyrhynchus insularis (Britton) Piper, J. Wash.
Neptunia stolonifera (DC.) Guill. = Neptunia oleracea Lour. Acad. Sci. 14: 48. 1924.
Neurocarpum cajanifolium C. Presl = Clitoria laurifolia Poir. var. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba.
laurifolia Common Name: Island bean (Bahamas).
References: 3, 45.
Neurocarpum ellipticum Desv. = Clitoria falcata Lam. var. falcata
Pachyrhizus angulatus A. Rich. ex DC. = Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.
Neurocarpum falcatum (Lam.) DC. = Clitoria falcata Lam. var. falcata
Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 311. 1905; Dolichos
Notodon cayensis Britton & P. Wilson = Poitea gracilis (Griseb.) Lavin
erosus L., Sp. Pl. 726. 1753; Cacara erosa (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
Notodon gracilis (Griseb.) Urb. = Poitea gracilis (Griseb.) Lavin Pl. 1: 165. 1891.
Notodon roigii Britton & P. Wilson = Poitea gracilis (Griseb.) Lavin Dolichos bulbosus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1021. 1763.
Pachyrhizus angulatus A. Rich. ex DC., Prodr. 2: 401. 1825.
Notodon savannarum Britton & P. Wilson = Poitea gracilis (Griseb.) Stizolobium domingense Spreng, Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 525. 1826.
Lavin Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Obolinga zanonii Barneby = Cojoba zanonii (Barneby) Barneby & J.W. Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Grimes Martinique, St. Lucia), United States (FL), South America, and
Old World tropics. Widely cultivated; native to Mexico and
Odonia tomentosa Bertol. = Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb.
Central America.
Ormocarpum aristatum (Jacq.) Desv. = Pictetia aculeata (Vahl) Urb. Common Names: Jícama de agua, Jícama dulce (Cuba), Auyén, Auyey,
Ormocarpum striatum Desv. = Pictetia sulcata (P. Beauv.) Beyra & Lavin Batata de burro, Jícama, Jícamo (Dominican Republic), Maldioc,
Patte la couete, Patte la cuete, Pois cochon, Pois maldioc, Pois Peiranisia bucherae Moldenke = Chamaecrista bucherae (Moldenke)
maniol (Haiti), Patate-cochon, Pois-patate, Yam bean (Lesser H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Antilles), Habilla (Puerto Rico). Peiranisia haitiensis Britton & Rose = Senna angustisiliqua (Lam.) H.S.
References: 7, 30, 31, 58, 150, 158, 295, 309. Irwin & Barneby var. angustisiliqua
Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 4: 281. 1827; Peiranisia inaguensis Britton & Rose = Senna angustisiliqua (Lam.) H.S.
Dolichos tuberosus Lam., Encycl. 2: 296. 1786; Cacara tuberosa Irwin & Barneby var. inaguensis (Britton & Rose) H.S. Irwin &
(Lam.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico Barneby
& Virgin Islands 5: 424. 1924.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Old Peiranisia jamaicensis Britton & Rose = Senna angustisiliqua (Lam.) H.S.
World tropics; native to South America. Irwin & Barneby var. fulgens (Macfad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Common Names: Pois manioc (Haiti), Haba de tocón, Sincamas Peiranisia multijuga (Rich.) Britton & P. Wilson = Senna multijuga
(Puerto Rico). (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby subsp. multijuga
References: 2, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131.
Peiranisia polyphylla (Jacq.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson =
Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) I. C. Nielsen = Falcataria moluccana Miq. Senna polyphylla (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. polyphylla
Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. ex G. Don, Hort. Brit. 277. 1830. Peiranisia turquinae Britton & Rose = Senna ligustrina (L.) H. S. Irwin
Inga faeculifera Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 59. 1825. & Barneby
Parkia roxburghii sensu Moscoso, Cat. Fl. Domingensis 1: 227. 1943,
Peltophorum adnatum Griseb. = Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub.
non G. Don
var. adnatum (Griseb.) Barneby
Distribution: Cultivated in Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 566. Peltophorum africanum Sond., Linnaea 23: 35. 1850.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Africa.
Parkia pedunculata (Roxb.) J.F. Macbr., Contrib. Gray Herb. n.s. 59:
Reference: 7.
19. 1919.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico and Trinidad; introduced from Peltophorum berteroanum Urb. = Peltophorum dubium var.
India. berteroanum (Urb.) Barneby
References: 566. Peltophorum brasiliense Urb. = Coulteria linnaei (Griseb.) Acev.-Rodr.
Parkia roxburghii G. Don = Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr. Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 343. 1825,
Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 5: 33. 1910. var. dubium; Caesalpinia dubia Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 343.
Parkia roxburghii G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 397. 1832. 1825.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and Puerto Rico; native to Asia, NE Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Barbados) and North America;
India, and the Philippines. native to South America.
Parkinsonia aculeata L., Sp. Pl. 375. 1753. Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. var. adnatum (Griseb.) Barneby,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Brittonia 48: 180. 1996., Fl. Brit. W. I. 206. 1860; Peltophorum
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, adnatum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 206. 1860; Brasilettia adnata
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, (Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 164. 1891; Caesalpinia adnata
Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Dicc. Bot. Nombres Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riq.
Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Martin, St. Vincent), 84. 1889. Type: Bahamas, Swainson s.n. (Isotype: K).
Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba.
Common Names: Jerusalem thorn (Bahamas), Espinillo, Junco amarillo, Common Names: Horse bush (Bahamas), Moruro abey, Moruro
Junco marino, Pararrayo, Pelo de rayo (Cuba), Acacia, Acacia de de costa, Moruro de sabana, Palo de perico, Sabicú colorado,
los masones, Aroma extranjera, Bayahonda blanca, Cambrón, Zapatero (Cuba).
Capinillo, Lluvia de oro, Pino japonés, Retama, Siempre viva References: 3, 45, 30, 397.
(Dominican Republic), Madame Naiz, Madame Yass (Haiti), Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. var. berteroanum (Urb.) Barneby,
Jerusalem thorn (Jamaica), Acacia savane, Arrête-boeuf, Arrête- Brittonia 48: 180. 1996; Peltophorum berteroanum Urb., Symb.
nègre, Bois-caca-rat, Holy thorn, Jerusalem thorn, Royal cashiaw Antill. 2: 286. 1900. Type: Dominican Republic, Bertero 296.
(Lesser Antilles), Flor de mayo, Flor de rayo, Palo de rayo (Puerto Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Rico), Horsebean, Jerusalem thorn (Virgin Islands). Common Names: Abey, Abey hembra, Guatapanal (Dominican
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 131, 224. Republic), L’abbé rouge (Haiti).
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. References: 5, 7, 30, 397.
Parosela domingensis (DC.) Millsp. = Dalea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Peltophorum ferrugineum (Decne.) Benth. = Peltophorum pterocarpum
Macbr. var. carthagenensis (DC.) Baker ex K. Heyne
Parosela domingensis (DC.) A. Heller = Dalea carthagenensis (Jacq.) Peltophorum inerme Náves ex Fern.-Vill. = Peltophorum pterocarpum
J.F. Macbr. var. carthagenensis (DC.) Baker ex K. Heyne
Parosela domingensis sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Dalea carthagenensis Peltophorum linnaei Benth. = Coulteria linnaei (Griseb.) Acev.-Rodr.
(Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. var. portoricana Barneby
Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker ex K. Heyne, Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind.,
Pauletia aculeata Cav. = Bauhinia pauletia Pers. ed. 2, 2: 755. 1927; Inga pterocarpa DC., Prodr. 2: 441. 1825.
Pauletia multinervia Kunth = Bauhinia multinervia (Kunth) DC. Brasilettia ferruginea (Decne.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 164. 1891;
Caesalpinia ferruginea Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3:
Peiranisia bahamensis (Mill.) Britton & Rose = Senna ligustrina (L.)
462. 1834; Peltophorum ferrugineum (Decne.) Benth., Fl. Austral.
H.S. Irwin & Barneby
2: 279. 1864.
number 9 8 • 449
Peltophorum inerme Náves ex Fern.-Vill. in F.M. Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
3, 4: Nov. App. 69. 1880. Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Antilles (Barbados, St. Lucia), Margarita, North America, and
John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Tobago, Trinidad, and Old World; native to tropical America, probably South America;
United States (FL); native to tropical Asia, Malesia, and Australia. widely cultivated.
Common Names: Flamboyant amarillo (Dominican Republic), Common Names: Lima bean (Bahamas), Frijol caballero, Frijol
Flamboyán amarillo (Puerto Rico). caballero negro, Frijol de la tierra, Frijol de la tierra negro,
References: 6, 7, 19, 58, 150, 224. Frijol de lima, Frijolito, Habas de lima (Cuba), Haba, Habas
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. (Dominican Republic), Pois de souche, Pois souche (Haiti), Broad
bean (Jamaica), Haba, Haba lima (Puerto Rico), Lima bean
Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 201. 1891.
(Virgin Islands).
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia) and Trinidad.
References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58, 71, 224.
Periandra berteroana (DC.) Benth., Commentat. Legum. Gen. 58.
Phaseolus marinus Burm. = Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr.
1837; Clitoria berteroana DC., Prodr. 2: 235. 1825.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Phaseolus max L. = Glycine max (L.) Merr.
References: 5, 7. Phaseolus ovatus Benth. = Vigna longifolia (Benth.) Verdc.
Perlebia bauhinioides Mart. = Bauhinia bauhinioides (Mart.) Britton & Phaseolus peduncularis Kunth = Vigna peduncularis (Kunth) Fawc. &
Rose Rendle var. peduncularis
Phanera coccinea Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 37. 1790; Bauhinia coccinea Phaseolus polystachios sensu Liogier = Phaseolus lunatus L.
(Lour.) DC., Prodr. 2: 516. 1825.
Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Croix); native of Asia. Phaseolus portoricensis Bertero ex Spreng. = Phaseolus lunatus L.
Reference: 230. Phaseolus ricciardianus Ten. = Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi &
Phanera purpurea (L.) Benth. = Bauhinia purpurea L. H. Ohashi
Phanera variegata (L.) Benth. = Bauhinia variegata L. var. variegata Phaseolus savannarum Britton & P. Wilson = Macroptilium gracile
(Poepp. ex Benth.) Urb.
Phaseolus adenanthus G. Mey. = Vigna adenantha (G. Mey.) Maréchal,
Mascherpa & Stainier Phaseolus semierectus L. = Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb.
Phaseolus antillanus Urb. = Vigna antillana (Urb.) Fawc. & Rendle Phaseolus trichocarpus C. Wright = Vigna trichocarpa (C. Wright)
A. Delgado
Phaseolus atropurpureus DC. = Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.)
Urb. Phaseolus vexillatus L. = Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.
Phaseolus calcaratus Roxb. = Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Phaseolus vulgaris L., Sp. Pl. 723. 1753.
H. Ohashi Phaseolus dumosus Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 279. 1837.
Phaseolus caracalla L. = Vigna caracalla (L.) Verdc. Margarita, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas),
Phaseolus caribaeus Eaton & C. Wright = Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. North America, and Old World tropics. Widely cultivated; native
to tropical America, probably Mexico and Central America.
Phaseolus chrysanthos Savi = Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
Common Names: Frijol colorado, Frijol común, Frijol de Veracruz,
Phaseolus cochleatus Bello = Vigna adenantha (G. Mey.) Maréchal, Frijol mulato, Frijol negro, Frijol prieto (Cuba), Frijol, Frijol
Mascherpa & Stainier colorado, Habichuela blanca, Habichuela, Habichuela colorada,
Phaseolus cochleatus Bello var. pallidus Bello = Vigna adenantha Habichuela negra, Judia (Dominican Republic), Haricots rouges,
(G. Mey.) Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier Haricots verts, Pois beurre, Pois blanc, Pois de souche, Pois indien,
Pois la maniere, Pois noir, Pois nourrice, Pois rouge, Pois souche,
Phaseolus cochleatus Bello var. violaceus Bello = Vigna adenantha Pois tendre, Pois valet (Haiti), Habichuela (Puerto Rico), Field
(G. Mey.) Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier bean, Kidney bean (Virgin Islands).
Phaseolus dumosus Macfad. = Phaseolus vulgaris L. References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 71, 137, 224, 323, 419.
Phaseolus elegans Piper = Vigna elegans (Piper) Maréchal, Mascherpa
& Stainier *Pictetia aculeata (Vahl) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 294. 1900; Robinia
aculeata Vahl, Bidr. Beskr. St. Croix 300. 1793. Type: U.S. Virgin
Phaseolus gracilis Poepp. ex Benth. = Macroptilium gracile (Poepp. ex
Islands: St. Thomas, Vahl s.n. (Holotype: C).
Benth.) Urb.
Aeschynomene aristata Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 59. 1797;
Phaseolus lanceolatus Bello = Vigna longifolia (Benth.) Verdc. Ormocarpum aristatum (Jacq.) Desv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 4:
Phaseolus lathyroides L. = Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb. 308. 1826; Poiretia aristata (Jacq.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1: 122.
1813; Pictetia aristata (Jacq.) DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 94.
Phaseolus longepedunculatus Mart. ex Benth. = Macroptilium 1825.
longepedunculatum (Mart. ex Benth.) Urb. Pictetia squamata (Vahl) DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 94. 1825;
Phaseolus longifolius Benth. = Vigna longifolia (Benth.) Verdc. Robinia squamata Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 88. 1794.
Robinia squamosa Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 224.
Phaseolus lunatus L., Sp. Pl. 724. 1753.
1804. (orthographic variant of R. squamata).
Phaseolus portoricensis Bertero ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 253.
1826.
Rico, and Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van Dyke, St.
Phaseolus polystachios sensu Liogier, Descr. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 194.
Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda).
1988, non (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
Common Names: Tachuela, Tachuelo (Dominican Republic), Galle- *Pictetia spinosa (A. Rich.) Beyra & Lavin, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 56: 63.
galle (Haiti), Tachuelo (Puerto Rico). 1999; Belairia spinosa A. Rich., Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 513.
References: 5, 6, 7, 19, 44, 58. 1845. Type: Cuba, de la Sagra s.n. (Holotype: P, Isotype: G).
*Pictetia angustifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 73. 1866; Belairia
Reference: 44.
angustifolia (Griseb.) Bisse, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 2: 11.
1975; Belairia angustifolia (Griseb.) Borhidi, Acta Agron. Acad. Pictetia squamata (Vahl) DC. = Pictetia aculeata (Vahl) Urb.
Sci. Hung. 27: 431. 1978. Type: Cuba, Wright 2321 (Holotype: *Pictetia sulcata (P. Beauv.) Beyra & Lavin, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 56: 45.
GOET, Isotypes: NY, US). 1999; Ormocarpum sulcatum P. Beauv., Fl. Oware 1: 96. 1807.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Type: Dominican Republic, ? Jussieau (Holotype: P-JU).
References: 44, 156. Ormocarpum striatum Desv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 4: 307. 1826.
Pictetia arborescens Borhidi = Pictetia sulcata (P. Beauv.) Beyra & Lavin Pictetia arborescens Borhidi, Acta Agron. Acad. Sci. Hung. 27: 431. 1978.
Pictetia desvauxii DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 94. 1825; Pictetia
Pictetia aristata (Jacq.) DC. = Pictetia aculeata (Vahl) Urb.
spinifolia (Desv.) Urb. var. desvauxii (DC.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2:
Pictetia cubensis Bisse = Pictetia marginata C. Wright 296. 1900.
Pictetia desvauxii DC. = Pictetia sulcata (P. Beauv.) Beyra & Lavin Pictetia spinifolia (Desv.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 295. 1900; Robinia
spinifolia Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1: 78. 1814.
*Pictetia marginata C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Pictetia spinifolia (Desv.) Urb. var. elongata Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 41.
Habana 10: 97. 1873. Type: Cuba, Wright 2320 (Holotype: GH, 1929.
Isotypes: GOET, K). Pictetia spinifolia (Desv.) Urb. var. monophylla Urb. & Ekman, Ark.
Pictetia cubensis Bisse, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 2: 9. 1975. Bot. 22A(8): 41. 1929.
Pictetia sessilifolia C.H. Wright, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 7: 411. 1897. Pictetia spinifolia (Desv.) Urb. var. obovata Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 296.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and 1900.
Hispaniola. Pictetia spinifolia (Desv.) Urb. var. pleonophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 7:
Common Names: Carrasquilla, Carrasquillo, Jamagüey de tres hojas, 511. 1913.
Jamaquey de tres hojas, Yamaquey de tres hojas, Zarcilla, Pictetia spinifolia (Desv.) Urb. var. ternata (DC.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2:
Yamaquey (Cuba). 296. 1900; Pictetia ternata DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 94. 1825.
References: 3, 7, 12, 30, 44. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
*Pictetia mucronata (Griseb.) Beyra & Lavin, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 56: Hispaniola.
56. 1999; Belairia mucronata Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 179. 1860. Common Names: Zarcilla (Cuba), Cruz de copeyar, Palo de tabaco,
Type: Cuba, Wright 1598 (Holotype: GH, Isotypes: multi). Rabasco, Tabaco (Dominican Republic), Bois d’ébène, Galle-galle,
Belairia parvifoliola Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 19. 1914. Gati-gale, Gratte-galle (Haiti).
Belairia savannarum Bisse, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 2: 11. 1975. References: 3, 5, 7, 12, 30, 44.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Pictetia ternata DC. = Pictetia sulcata (P. Beauv.) Beyra & Lavin
References: 39, 44, 156, 427.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Piptadenia peregrina (L.) Benth. = Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg.
Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Piptadenia stenadenia Griseb. = Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight &
*Pictetia nipensis (Urb.) Beyra & Lavin, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 56: 65. Arn. var. africana Brenan & Brummitt
1999; Belairia nipensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 451. 1928. Type: Piscidia carthagenensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 27. 1760. Type:
Cuba, Ekman 10001 (Holotype: S, Isotype: NY). Colombia.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ichthyomethia acuminata S.F. Blake, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 9: 249. 1919.
References: 44, 156. Ichthyomethia piscipula sensu Britton & P. Wilson, non Hitchc.
*Pictetia obcordata DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 94. 1825. Type: Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana,
Dominican Republic, Bertero s.n. (Holotype: G-DC, Isotype: NY). Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines,
Common Name: Tachuela (Dominican Republic). Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St.
References: 5, 7, 44, 123, 156. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Mexico, Central America,
and South America.
Pictetia sessilifolia C.H. Wright = Pictetia marginata C. Wright Common Names: Dogwood (Lesser Antilles), Ventura (Puerto Rico),
Pictetia spinifolia (Desv.) Urb. = Pictetia sulcata (P. Beauv.) Beyra & Fish poison (Virgin Islands).
Lavin References: 1, 19, 58, 61, 131, 151, 301, 401.
Pictetia spinifolia (Desv.) Urb. var. desvauxii Urb. = Pictetia sulcata Piscidia cubensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 229. 1912; Canizaresia
(P. Beauv.) Beyra & Lavin cubensis (Urb.) Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 69. 1920;
Ichthyomethia cubensis (Urb.) S.F. Blake, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 9:
Pictetia spinifolia (Desv.) Urb. var. elongata Urb. = Pictetia sulcata
251. 1919.
(P. Beauv.) Beyra & Lavin
Pictetia spinifolia (Desv.) Urb. var. monophylla Urb. & Ekman = Common Names: Ciruelillo, Mayito (Cuba).
Pictetia sulcata (P. Beauv.) Beyra & Lavin References: 3, 12, 156, 401.
Pictetia spinifolia (Desv.) Urb. var. obovata Urb. = Pictetia sulcata Piscidia ekmanii Rudd, Phytologia 18: 485. 1969. Type: Haiti, Ekman
(P. Beauv.) Beyra & Lavin H-4517 (Holotype: S, Isotypes: NY, US).
Pictetia spinifolia (Desv.) Urb. var. pleonophylla Urb. = Pictetia sulcata Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
(P. Beauv.) Beyra & Lavin Common Name: Bois ivrant (Haiti).
References: 7, 401.
Pictetia spinifolia (Desv.) Urb. var. ternata (DC.) Urb. = Pictetia sulcata
(P. Beauv.) Beyra & Lavin Piscidia erythrina L. = Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.
number 9 8 • 451
Piscidia havanensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Urb. & Ekman, Repert. Spec. Pithecellobium carbonarium (Britton) C.J. Niezgoda & L.I. Nevling =
Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 362. 1926; Ichthyomethia havanensis Britton Albizia carbonaria Britton
& P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 34. 1917. Type: Cuba,
Pithecellobium caribaeum Urb. = Albizia niopoides (Spruce ex Benth.)
León & Roca 6194 (NY).
Burkart, var. niopoides
Common Names: Guamá candelón, Guamá hediondo (Cuba). Pithecellobium circinale (L.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 201. 1844;
References: 3, 12, 156, 401. Mimosa circinalis L., Sp. Pl. 517. 1753; Feuilleea circinalis (L.)
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 187. 1891; Inga circinalis (L.) Willd.,
Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg., Gard. & Forest 4: 436. 1891; Erythrina
Sp. Pl. 4: 1023. 1806.
piscipula L., Sp. Pl. 707. 1753; Ichthyomethia piscipula (L.)
Inga spinifolia Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 72. 1814; Pithecellobium
Hitchc., Gard. & Forest 4: 472. 1891. Type: Jamaica, Sloane s.n.
spinifolium (Desv.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 200. 1844.
Ichthyomethia communis S.F. Blake, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 9: 247. 1919.
Piscidia erythrina L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1155. 1759.
Hispaniola.
Common Names: Cinazo, Garzigal, Mange cabrite (Dominican
Jamaica, Margarita, United States (FL), Mexico, and Central
Republic), Campeche marron, Galle-galle, Gati-galle, Gatigal,
America; introduced in Puerto Rico.
Gatzibal, Manger cabrite (Haiti).
Common Names: Fish poison, Jamaica dogwood (Bahamas), Candelón,
References: 3, 5, 7, 115, 175.
Guamá candelón (Cuba), Dogwood (Jamaica).
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 45, 158, 401. Pithecellobium comosum (Sw.) Benth. = Calliandra comosa (Sw.) Benth.
Pisum sativum L., Sp. Pl. 727. 1753. Pithecellobium cubense Bisse = Cojoba arborea (L.) Britton & Rose
Distribution: Cultivated in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Pithecellobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Mart. = Enterolobium cyclocarpum
Rico, and North America; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia. (Jacq.) Griseb.
Common Names: Chícharo (Cuba), Arveja, Chícharo, Guisantes
(Dominican Republic), Guisante, Petit(s) pois, Pois France, Pois Pithecellobium cynodonticum Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New
verts (Haiti), Guisante, Pitipuá (Puerto Rico). York Bot. Gard. 74(2): 13. 1997. Type: Hispaniola: Haiti, Zanoni
References: 5, 7, 131, 224. et al. 35073 (Holotype: JBSD, Isotype: NY).
Pithecellobium abbottii Rose & Leonard = Abarema abbottii (Rose &
Leonard) Barneby & J.W. Grimes Pithecellobium discolor Britton = Abarema glauca (Urb.) Barneby &
J.W. Grimes
Pithecellobium adinocephalum Donn. Sm. = Albizia adinocephala
(Donn. Sm.) Britton & Rose ex Record Pithecellobium domingense Alain, Phytologia 47: 171. 1980.
Pithecellobium alexandri Urb. = Abarema alexandri (Urb.) Barneby & References: 7, 8.
J.W. Grimes var. alexandri
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 199. 1844;
Pithecellobium alexandri Urb. var. intermedium Urb. = Abarema Mimosa dulcis Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1: 67. 1798; Feuilleea
alexandri (Urb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes var. alexandri dulcis (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 184. 1891; Inga dulcis
Pithecellobium alexandri Urb. var. troyanum Urb. = Abarema alexandri (Roxb.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1005. 1806.
(Urb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes var. troyana (Urb.) Barneby & J.W. Inga leucantha C. Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 495.
Grimes 1845.
Pithecellobium arboreum (L.) Urb. = Cojoba arborea (L.) Britton &
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe,
Rose
Martinique, St. Vincent), Margarita, United States (FL), and Old
Pithecellobium arboreum (L.) Urb. var. filifolium Kitan. = Cojoba World; native to Mexico, Central America, and South America.
arborea (L.) Britton & Rose Common Names: Inga dulce, Joroco, Tamarindo chino (Cuba), Jina,
Pithecellobium asplenifolium Griseb. = Abarema asplenifolia (Griseb.) Jina extranjera (Dominican Republic), Acacia à bracelets, Diabelle
Barneby & J.W. Grimes (Guadeloupe), Guamá americano (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 115, 175, 224.
Pithecellobium asplenifolium Griseb. subsp. mayarense Borhidi = Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Abarema asplenifolia (Griseb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Pithecellobium filicifolium (Lam.) Benth. = Cojoba arborea (L.) Britton
Pithecellobium bacona Urb. = Pseudosamanea cubana (Britton & & Rose
P. Wilson) Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Pithecellobium filipes (Vent.) Benth. = Cojoba filipes (Vent.) Barneby &
Pithecellobium x bahamense Northr., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 38. J.W. Grimes
1902. Type: Bahamas, Northrop & Northrop 605 (Lectotype: NY,
Isolectotype: NY). Pithecellobium flavovirens Britton = Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth.
Pithecellobium mucronatum Britton in G.B. Shattuck, Bahama Islands Pithecellobium fragrans (Macfad.) Benth. = Albizia berteroana (Balb. ex
254. 1905. DC.) Fawc. & Rendle
Pithecellobium glaucum Urb. = Abarema glauca (Urb.) Barneby & J.W.
Common Names: Bahama cat’s-claw, Ram’s horn (Bahamas).
Grimes
References: 3, 45, 115, 156, 175.
Pithecellobium guadalupense Chapm. = Pithecellobium keyense Britton
Pithecellobium berteroanum (Balb. ex DC.) Benth. = Albizia berteroana
(Balb. ex DC.) Fawc. & Rendle Pithecellobium guantanamense Britton = Chloroleucon guantanamense
(Britton) Britton & Rose
Pithecellobium calliandriflorum C. Wright ex Griseb. = Pithecellobium
histrix (A. Rich.) Benth. Pithecellobium histrix (A. Rich.) Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London
30: 573. 1875; Inga histrix A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist.
Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 471. 1845; Feuilleea histrix (A. Rich.) Pithecellobium striolatum Urb., Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 3. 1931.
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 188. 1891. Type: Cuba, de la Sagra s.n. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
(Holotype: P-Rich.). Reference: 7.
Pithecellobium calliandriflorum C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 83. Pithecellobium trinitense Britton = Abarema oppositifolia (Urb.)
1866. Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Hispaniola. Pithecellobium truncatum Britton = Abarema obovalis (A. Rich.)
Common Names: Bristly cat’s-claw (Bahamas), Doble uña, Uña de gato, Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Manca montero, Carrasquillo (Cuba). Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth., J. Bot. 3: 200. 1844; Mimosa
References: 3, 7, 45, 115, 175. unguis-cati L., Sp. Pl. 517. 1753; Inga unguis-cati (L.) Willd., Sp.
Pithecellobium impressum Urb. = Cojoba filipes (Vent.) Barneby & J.W. Pl. 4: 1006. 1806; Feuilleea unguis-cati (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
Grimes Pl. 1: 184. 1891.
Inga guadalupensis (Pers.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 70. 1814; Mimosa
Pithecellobium jupunba (Willd.) Urb. = Abarema jupunba (Willd.) guadalupensis Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(1): 262. 1806.
Britton & Killip var. jupunba Pithecellobium flavovirens Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 442.
Pithecellobium jupunba (Willd.) Urb. var. alexandri Urb. = Abarema 1905.
alexandri (Urb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes var. alexandri Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix,
Pithecellobium keyense Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 22. 1928. Type:
Bahamas, Coker 57 (Holotype: NY).
Pithecellobium guadalupense Chapm., Fl. South. U.S. 116. 1860.
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy,
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire,
Common Names: Black bead, Ram’s-horn (Bahamas), Arandela
Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America,
(Cuba).
and South America.
References: 3, 45, 115, 150, 156, 175.
Common Names: Manca montero, Mancaperro (Cuba), Cinazo, Uña
Pithecellobium latifolium (L.) Benth. = Zygia latifolia (L.) Fawc. & de gato (Dominican Republic), Bread-and-cheese, Privet (Jamaica),
Rendle var. latifolia Bébèl, Bread and cheese, Bois crabbe, Collier-diable, Doctor
Pithecellobium lentiscifolium (A. Rich.) C. Wright = Chloroleucon Long, Griffe-chatte, Groven eye, Tendra à caulilou-rivière (Lesser
mangense (Jacq.) Britton & Rose var. lentiscifolium (A. Rich.) Antilles), Escanbrón colorado, Rolón, Uña de gato (Puerto Rico),
Barneby & J.W. Grimes Black bead, Cat’s claw (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 115, 123, 131, 132, 150,
Pithecellobium leucospermum Brandegee = Chloroleucon mangense 175, 301, 323, 340.
(Jacq.) Britton & Rose var. leucospermum (Brandegee) Barneby &
J.W. Grimes Pithecellobium vincentis Benth. = Chloroleucon mangense (Jacq.)
Britton & Rose var. vincentis (Benth.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes
Pithecellobium maestrense Urb. = Abarema maestrensis (Urb.) Bässler
Platymiscium trinitatis Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc. 4(suppl.): 82.
Pithecellobium mangense (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. = Chloroleucon mangense 1860, var. trinitatis. Type: Trinidad, Purdie 36 (Lectotype: K,
(Jacq.) Britton & Rose var. mangense Isolectotype: K).
Pithecellobium micranthum Benth. = Vachellia acuifera (Benth.) Seigler Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Virgin Islands (St. Thomas); native to
& Ebinger Trinidad and South America.
Pithecellobium mucronatum Britton = Pithecellobium x bahamense
Northr. Poeppigia excelsa (Poepp.) A. Rich. = Poeppigia procera C. Presl
Pithecellobium nervosum Urb. = Zapoteca nervosa (Urb.) H.M. Hern. Poeppigia procera C. Presl, Symb. Bot. 1: 16. 1830.
Poeppigia excelsa (Poepp.) A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba,
Pithecellobium niopoides Spruce ex Benth. = Albizia niopoides (Spruce
Pl. Vasc. 484. 1845.
ex Benth.) Burkart var. niopoides
Ramirezia cubensis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 12:
Pithecellobium nipense Britton = Abarema nipensis (Britton) Barneby & t. 39. 1855.
J.W. Grimes Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and Central America.
Pithecellobium obovale (A. Rich.) C. Wright = Abarema obovalis Common Names: Abey hembra, Tengue, Tengue amarillo, Tengue rojo
(A. Rich.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes (Cuba).
Reference: 3.
Pithecellobium oppositifolium Urb. = Abarema oppositifolia (Urb.)
Barneby & J.W. Grimes Poinciana bijuga L. = Caesalpinia vesicaria L.
Pithecellobium pinetorum Britton = Abarema obovalis (A. Rich.) Poinciana coriaria Jacq. = Libidibia coriaria (Jacq.) Schltdl.
Barneby & J.W. Grimes Poinciana elata L. = Delonix elata (L.) Gamble
Pithecellobium prehensile (C. Wright) Benth. = Sphinga prehensilis Poinciana gilliesii Wall. ex Hook. = Erythrostemon gilliesii (Wall ex
(C. Wright) Barneby & J.W. Grimes Hook.) Klotzsch
Pithecellobium saman (Jacq.) Benth. = Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Poinciana pauciflora (Griseb.) Small = Caesalpinia pauciflora (Griseb.)
Pithecellobium savannarum Britton = Abarema glauca (Urb.) Barneby C. Wright
& J.W. Grimes Poinciana pulcherrima L. = Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw.
Pithecellobium spinifolium (Desv.) Benth. = Pithecellobium circinale Poinciana regia Bojer ex Hook. = Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.
(L.) Benth.
Poinciana spinosa Molina = Tara spinosa (Molina) Britton & Rose
number 9 8 • 453
Poincianella clementis Britton = Poincianella myabensis (Britton) Caesalpinia pinnata (Griseb.) C. Wright subsp. oblongifolia (Urb.)
Britton & Rose A. Barreto & Beyra var. oblongifolia, Fontqueria 48: 182. 1997;
Caesalpinia oblongifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 281. 1900;
Poincianella eriostachys (Benth.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5):
Poincianella oblongifolia (Urb.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl.
332. 1930; Caesalpinia eriostachys Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 88.
23(5): 335. 1930.
1844. Type: Costa Rica.
Caesalpinia pinnata (Griseb.) C. Wright subsp. oblongifolia (Urb.)
A. Barreto & Beyra var. savannarum (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi
References: 3, 405.
& O. Muñiz ex A. Barreto, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 24: 24. 1998;
Poincianella gaumeri (Greenm.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): Poincianella savannarum Britton & P. Wilson, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5):
333. 1930; Caesalpinia gaumeri Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian 335. 1930; Caesalpinia oblongifolia Urb. var. savannarum (Britton
Mus., Bot. Ser., 2(8): 330. 1912. Type: Mexico. & P. Wilson) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 25. 1975; Caesalpinia
Caesalpinia guanensis (Britton) León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. savannarum (Britton & P. Wilson) León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist.
Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 12. 1950; Poincianella guanensis Britton, Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 10: 283. 1951.
N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 333. 1930. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and Central America. Common Names: Cacalote, Clavellina de costa, Dibidibi, Guaracabuya,
References: 3, 39, 158, 405. Guatapaná (Cuba).
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 3, 12, 405.
Cuba (39).
Poincianella savannarum Britton & P. Wilson = Poincianella pinnata
Poincianella glandulosa (Bertero ex DC.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. (Griseb.) Britton & Rose
Fl. 23(5): 336. 1930; Caesalpinia glandulosa Bertero in A. P.
Poiretia aristata (Jacq.) Desv. = Pictetia aculeata (Vahl) Urb.
de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 482. 1825. Type: Hispaniola, Bertero 84
(Holotype: G-DC). Poiretia punctata (Willd.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1: 122. 1813; Glycine
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and punctata Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1066. 1802.
Hispaniola. Poiretia refracta Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 72. 1866.
Common Name: Rosa brava (Cuba). Poiretia scandens Vent., Choix Pl. 7: t. 42. 1807.
References: 3, 5, 7, 12, 30, 405. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America,
and South America.
Poincianella guanensis Britton = Poincianella gaumeri (Greenm.)
Britton & Rose
Poiretia refracta Griseb. = Poiretia punctata (Willd.) Desv.
Poincianella myabensis (Britton) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5):
334. 1930; Caesalpinia myabensis Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club Poiretia scandens Vent. = Poiretia punctata (Willd.) Desv.
16: 66. 1920. Type: Cuba, Shafer 1403 (Holotype: NY, Isotype: A). *Poitea campanilla DC., Prodr. 2: 263. 1825. Type: Hispaniola:
Libidibia pauciflora Griseb. var. puberula Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 79. 1866. Dominican Republic, Bertero s.n. (Holotype: G-DC).
Caesalpinia myabensis Britton var. clementis (Britton) A. Barreto, Acta Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Bot. Cub. 89: 6. 1992; Poincianella clementis Britton, N. Amer. References: 5, 7, 111.
Fl. 23(5): 333. 1930; Caesalpinia clementis (Britton) León, Contr.
Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 12. 1950. *Poitea carinalis (Griseb.) Lavin, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 37: 65. 1993;
Caesalpinia myabensis Britton var. hermeliae (León) A. Barreto, Acta Sabinea carinalis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 183. 1859. Type:
Bot. Cub. 89: 5. 1992; Caesalpinia hermeliae León, Contr. Ocas. Dominica: Imray s.n. (Holotype: K).
Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 12. 1950. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica).
Caesalpinia myabensis Britton var. hornei (Britton) A. Barreto, Acta References: 1, 151, 111.
Bot. Cub. 89: 5. 1992; Caesalpinia hornei Britton, Mem. Torrey *Poitea dubia (Poir.) Lavin, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 37: 73. 1993; Robinia
Bot. Club 16: 67. 1920. dubia Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 227. 1804;
Caesalpinia myabensis Britton var. subglauca (Britton) A. Barreto, Corynella dubia (Poir.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 322. 1899. Type:
Acta Bot. Cub. 89: 6. 1992; Caesalpinia subglauca Britton, Mem. “Martinique” (probably Hispaniola fide Urban, 1899), collector
Torrey Bot. Club 16: 66. 1920. unknown (Holotype: P-LA).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Robinia polyantha Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1260. 1806.
References: 3, 12, 39, 156, 405. Tephrosia moschata Tussac, Fl. Antill. 2: 22. 1818.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Cuba (39). Common Names: Tabacuela morada, Tabacuelo morado (Dominican
Poincianella nipensis (Urb.) Britton = Caesalpinia nipensis Urb. Republic), Bois bourro marron (Haiti).
Reference: 111.
Poincianella oblongifolia (Urb.) Britton & Rose = Poincianella pinnata
(Griseb.) Britton & Rose *Poitea florida (Vahl) Lavin, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 37: 61. 1993; Robinia
florida Vahl, Bidr. Beskr. St. Croix 300. 1793; Sabinea florida
Poincianella pellucida (Vogel) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 334. (Vahl) DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 92. 1825. Type: Puerto Rico,
1930; Caesalpinia pellucida Vogel, Linnaea 10: 601. 1836. Type: West s.n. (Holotype: C).
Dominican Republic, Ehrenberg s.n. (Isotype: NY). Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Guana, St.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda).
Poincianella pinnata (Griseb.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): *Poitea galegoides Vent., Choix Pl. 6: t. 36. 1807, var. galegoides.
335. 1930; Caesalpinia pinnata (Griseb.) C. Wright subsp. pinnata Type: Hispaniola: Dominican Republic, Poiteau s.n. (Holotype:
in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 404. 1869; G-DC, Isotype: G).
Libidibia pinnata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 79. 1866. Type: Cuba, Poitea viciifolia DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 99. 1825.
Wright 2360 (Holotype: GOET, Isotypes: GH, K, NY). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Names: Aritos, Sen amargo, Sen cimarrón (Dominican *Poitea punicea (Urb.) Lavin, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 37: 66. 1993; Sabinea
Republic). punicea Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 323. 1899. Type: Puerto Rico,
References: 5, 7, 111. Sintenis 368 (Lectotype: MO, Isolectotype: F, G, GH, K, NY).
Sabinea florida sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 259. 1881,
*Poitea galegoides Vent. var. stenophylla Ekman ex Lavin, Syst. Bot.
non DC.
Monogr. 37: 50. 1993. Type: Hispaniola: Dominican Republic,
Zanoni & Jiménez 45081 (Holotype: MONT, Isotypes: JBSD, NY).
References: 8, 111. Poitea viciifolia DC. = Poitea galegoides Vent. var. galegoides
*Poitea glyciphylla (Poir.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 321. 1899; Robinia Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. = Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi
glyciphylla Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 227. 1804; Poponax cowellii Britton & Rose = Vachellia macracantha (Humb. &
Vilmorinia glyciphylla (Poir.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 40. 1928. Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger
Type: “Martinique” (Haiti according to Urban, 1899), collector
unknown (Holotype: P-LA). Poponax lutea (Mill.) Britton & Rose = Vachellia macracantha (Humb.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger
Common Names: Campanilla, Campanita, Colarito (Dominican Poponax macracantha (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Killip = Vachellia
Republic). macracantha (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger
References: 7, 111.
Poponax macracanthoides (Bertero ex DC.) Britton & Rose = Vachellia
*Poitea gracilis (Griseb.) Lavin, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 37: 77. 1993; macracantha (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger
Corynella gracilis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 71. 1866; Notodon
Poponax polypyrigenes (Greenm. ex Combs) Britton & Rose =
gracilis (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 324. 1899. Type: Cuba,
Vachellia polypyrigenes (Greenm. ex Combs) Seigler & Ebinger
Wright 2358 (Holotype: GOET).
Bembicidium cubense Rydb., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 68. 1920. Poponax tortuosa (L.) Raf. = Vachellia tortuosa (L.) Seigler & Ebinger
Notodon cayensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 68. Possira simplex Sw. = Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng. var. simplex
1920.
Notodon roigii Britton & Wilson, N. Amer. Fl. 24(4): 218. 1924. Prioria copaifera Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 215. 1860.
Notodon savannarum Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Central America, and South America;
69. 1920. cultivated in Trinidad.
References: 12, 111, 156. Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz var. glandulosa (Torr.) Standl. =
*Poitea immarginata (C. Wright) Lavin, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 37: 59. Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa
1993; Corynella immarginata C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Prosopis domingensis DC. = Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.
Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 333. 1869; Sauvallella immarginata
Prosopis glandulosa Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 192.
(C. Wright) Rydb., Amer. J. Bot. 11: 480. 1924. Type: Cuba,
1828, var. glandulosa; Algarobia glandulosa (Torr.) Torr. &
Wright 3530 (Holotype: GH).
A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 399. 1840; Neltuma glandulosa (Torr.)
Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(3): 186. 1928; Prosopis chilensis
(Molina) Stuntz var. glandulosa (Torr.) Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl.
*Poitea longiflora Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 290. 1900; Vilmorinia Herb. 23: 1658. 1926; Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. var. glandulosa
longiflora (Urb.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 40. 1928. Type: (Torr.) Cockerell, New Mexico Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 15: 58. 1895.
Hispaniola: Dominican Republic, Mayerhoff s.n. (Holotype: B†, Neltuma constricta (Sarg.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(3): 186.
fragment NY). 1928; Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. var. constricta Sarg., Trees &
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Shrubs 2: 249. 1913.
References: 7, 30, 111. Neltuma neomexicana Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(3): 186. 1928.
*Poitea multiflora (Sw.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 291. 1900; Clitoria Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Mexico; native to North America.
multiflora Sw., Prodr. 106. 1788; Vilmorinia multiflora (Sw.) DC., Common Names: Cambrón, Guatapaná, Lluvia de oro, Rincón de
Prodr. 2: 239. 1825. Type: Hispaniola, Swartz s.n. (Holotype: Melones (Cuba).
B-W, no. 13478, Isotype: BM). References: 3, 151, 156, 175.
Poitea plumieri Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 11. 1909 [as plumierii]; Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. torreyana (L.D. Benson) Johnst.,
Vilmorinia plumieri (Urb.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 41. 1928. Brittonia 14: 82. 1962; Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. var. torreyana
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. L.D. Benson, Amer. J. Bot. 28: 751. 1941.
References: 7, 30, 111. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Mexico; native to North America.
*Poitea paucifolia (DC.) Lavin, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 37: 69. 1993; References: 156, 175.
Corynella paucifolia DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 93. 1825. Type: Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 2: 447. 1825; Mimosa juliflora Sw.,
Hispaniola: Dominican Republic, Bertero s.n. (Holotype: G-DC). Prodr. 85. 1788; Neltuma juliflora (Sw.) Raf., Sylva Tellur. 119.
Corynella domingensis Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 461. 1841. 1838.
Corynitis domingensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 4: 280. 1827. Prosopis domingensis DC., Prodr. 2: 447. 1825.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles
Puerto Rico. (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Montserrat), Aruba, Bonaire,
Common Names: Carga agua, Tabacuelo de vara, Tabacuelo morado Curaçao, Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America,
(Dominican Republic). and South America; exotic in Jamaica.
References: 5, 6, 7, 58, 111. Common Names: Mesquite (Bahamas), Algarrobo del Brasil, Algarrobo
Poitea plumieri Urb. = Poitea multiflora (Sw.) Urb. exótico, Cambrón, Mesquite, Mezquite, Pluma de oro (Cuba),
number 9 8 • 455
Bahahonde, Bahahunda, Bayahon, Bayahonda, Bayahonda Psoralea scandens Mill. = Dalea scandens (Mill.) R.T. Clausen var.
blanca, Boahunda, Cambrón, Vallahonda (Dominican Republic), scandens
Bayarone français, Piquant bayahonde (Haiti), Cashaw (Jamaica). Pterocarpus buxifolius Murray = Brya buxifolia (Murray) Urb.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 175, 224, 231, 323.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Pterocarpus draco L. = Pterocarpus officinalis Jacq.
Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. var. constricta Sarg. = Prosopis glandulosa Pterocarpus glaber Rchb. ex DC. = Brya ebenus (L.) DC.
Torr. var. glandulosa Pterocarpus gummifer Bertero ex DC. = Ateleia gummifera (Bertero ex
Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell = Prosopis DC.) D. Dietr.
glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa Pterocarpus indicus Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 904. 1802.
Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. var. torreyana L.D. Benson = Prosopis Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico and Trinidad; native to tropical
glandulosa Torr. var. torreyana (L.D. Benson) Johnst. Asia.
Common Name: Terocarpo (Puerto Rico).
Prosopis juliflora sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Prosopis pallida (Humb. References: 58, 158, 391.
& Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kunth
Pterocarpus lunatus L. = Machaerium lunatum (L.) Ducke
Prosopis limensis Benth. = Prosopis pallida (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.)
Kunth Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 43(2): 187. 1874.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Puerto Rico; native to tropical Asia.
Prosopis pallida (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Common Name: Terocarpo (Puerto Rico).
Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto References: 6, 131, 158, 391.
ed.) 6: 309. 1824.
Prosopis limensis Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 350. 1841. Pterocarpus microcarpus Pers. = Ateleia microcarpa (Pers.) D. Dietr.
Prosopis juliflora sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Pterocarpus officinalis Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 283. 1763.
Virgin Islands 5: 359. 1924. Pterocarpus draco L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1662. 1763.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Thomas); native to South America. Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante,
Common Names: Algarroba del Hawaii, Bayahonda, Mesquite (Puerto Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico, Central
Rico). America, and South America.
References: 6, 58, 131. Common Names: Drago, Drague (Cuba), Drago, Dragon’s blood
Pseudalbizzia berteroana (DC.) Britton & Rose = Albizia berteroana (Dominican Republic), Bois nago, Bois pâle, Sandragon des
(Balb. ex DC.) Fawc. & Rendle Antilles, Santal des Antilles (Haiti), Dragon’s blood tree (Jamaica),
Palo de pollo (Puerto Rico).
Pseudarthria viscida (L.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 209. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 131, 391.
1834.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Asia. Pterocarpus rohrii Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 79. 1791.
Reference: 2. Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent) and Trinidad; native
to South America.
Pseudocassia spectabilis (DC.) Britton & Rose = Senna spectabilis (DC.) Reference: 390.
H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. spectabilis
Pterocarpus sapindoides DC. = Andira inermis (W. Wright) DC.
Pseudocopaiva hymenifolia (Moric.) Britton & P. Wilson = Guibourtia
hymenifolia (Moric.) Leonard Pteromimosa bahamensis (Benth.) Britton = Mimosa bahamensis Benth.
Pseudosamanea cubana (Britton & P. Wilson ex Britton & Rose) Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi = Pueraria montana (Lour. ) Merr. var.
Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(1). 116. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & Almeida
1996; Albizia cubana Britton & P. Wilson ex Britton & Rose, N. Pueraria montana (Lour. ) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen &
Amer. Fl. 23(1): 46. 1928. Type: Cuba, Britton 2050 (Holotype: Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep in M. Sanjappa, Legumes of
NY, Isotype: US). India: 288. 1992; Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci.
Pithecellobium bacona Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 434. 1928. Mus. 18: 16. 1947; Dolichos lobatus Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1047. 1802.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Asia, Malesia, and Pacific
Common Names: Bacona, Aimiquí (Cuba). Region.
Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 125. 1867,
var. phaseoloides; Dolichos phaseoloides Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832,
Species.
3: 316. 1832.
Psophocarpus palustris Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 9: 420. 1826. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Africa. Islands (St. John), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Reference: 2. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, and Tobago; native to Asia, Malesia,
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 403. 1825. and Pacific Region.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico. Widely Common Names: Kudzú tropical (Cuba), Kudzu, Kurzu (Dominican
cultivated; native to southeast Asia. Republic), Kudzu (Lesser Antilles), Kudzú, Kudzú tropical, Yerba
Common Names: Calasmismis (Cuba), Habichuela de alas, Habichuela kudzú (Puerto Rico).
de la princesa (Puerto Rico). References: 1, 2, 6, 7, 32, 58, 131, 392.
References: 123, 131, 132, 158. Racosperma confusum (Merr.) Pedley = Acacia confusa Merr.
Psoralea carthagenensis Jacq. = Dalea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. Racosperma decurrens (Willd.) Pedley = Acacia decurrens Willd.
var. carthagenensis
Racosperma elongatum (Sieber ex DC.) Pedley = Acacia elongata Sieber Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
ex DC. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad,
North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa,
Racosperma longifolium (Andrews) Pedley = Acacia longifolia
Asia, Malesia, Australia, and Pacific Region.
(Andrews) Willd.
Common Names: Bejuco de cangrejo, Frijolillo, Marrullero, Peonía
Racosperma mangium (Willd.) Pedley = Acacia mangium Willd. chica (Cuba), Bejuco de cangrejo, Frijolillo, Frijolito (Dominican
Racosperma mearnsii (De Wild.) Pedley = Acacia mearnsii De Wild. Republic), Horse rub-down, Jumby bean (Lesser Antilles),
Frijolillo, Habilla (Puerto Rico).
Racosperma melanoxylon (R. Br.) Pedley = Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 158, 389.
Racosperma neriifolium (A. Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley = Acacia neriifolia Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. var. lutea Eggers = Rhynchosia minima
A. Cunn. ex Benth. (L.) DC.
Racosperma spirorbe (Labill.) Pedley= Acacia spirorbis Labill. Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. var. normalis Kuntze = Rhynchosia
Ramirezia cubensis A. Rich. = Poeppigia procera C. Presl minima (L.) DC.
Reichardia decapetala Roth = Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth.) Alst. Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. var. pauciflora Kuntze = Rhynchosia
minima (L.) DC.
Rhodopis lowdenii Judd = Rhodopis planisiliqua (L.) Urb. var. lowdenii
(Judd) Alain Rhynchosia nipensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 456. 1928. Type: Cuba,
Ekman 9497 (Holotype: S, Isotype: NY).
Rhodopis planisiliqua (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 304. 1900, var.
planisiliqua; Erythrina planisiliqua L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1155.
1759.
Butea peltata (Willd.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 279. 1807; Rudolphia peltata Rhynchosia parvifolia DC., Prodr. 2: 385. 1825. Type: Dominican
Willd., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 453. 1801. Republic, Bertero s.n. (Holotype: G-DC).
Rudolphia rosea Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: 149. 1808. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and United States (FL).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Name: Peonía (Cuba).
Rhodopis planisiliqua (L.) Urb. var. lowdenii (Judd) Alain, Phytologia Rhynchosia phaseoloides (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 2: 385. 1825; Glycine
Mem. 3: 404. 1985; Rhodopis lowdenii Judd, Sida 10: 203. 1984. phaseoloides Sw., Prodr. 2: 105. 1788. Type: Jamaica, Swartz s.n.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). (Lectotype: S).
References: 7, 149. Rhynchosia phaseoloides (Sw.) DC. var. precatoria Griseb., Cat. Pl.
Cub. 74. 1866.
Rhynchosia caribaea (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 2: 384. 1825; Glycine caribaea
Dolicholus pyramidalis sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
Jacq., Collectanea 1: 67. 1787 [“1786”]; Arcyphyllum caribaeum
& Virgin Islands 5: 415. 1924, not Lam.
(Jacq.) Elliott, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1: 372. 1818.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Africa.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
Common Name: Peonía de sabana (Cuba).
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
References: 6, 32, 132, 158, 389.
Trinidad, and South America.
Note: Not collected in Puerto Rico for more than a century.
Common Names: Peonía criolla (Cuba), Bejuco de paloma, Frijolillo
Rhynchosia erythrinoides Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 587. 1830. colorado (Puerto Rico).
Type: Mexico, Schiede & Deppe s.n. (Isotypes: BM, LE). References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 389.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, and Central
Rhynchosia phaseoloides (Sw.) DC. var. precatoria Griseb. =
America.
Rhynchosia phaseoloides (Sw.) DC.
Rhynchosia pyramidalis (Lam.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Rhynchosia gundlachii Urb. = Rhynchosia swartzii (Vail) Urb.
15: 318. 1918; Dolichos pyramidalis Lam., Encycl. 2: 296. 1786;
Rhynchosia hirta (Andrews) Meikle & Verdc., Taxon 16: 462. 1967. Dolicholus pyramidalis (Lam.) Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Africa and Asia. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 415. 1924. Type: Dominican
References: 2, 158. Republic, Plumier s.n.
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 385. 1825; Dolichos minimus Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, and
L., Sp. Pl. 726. 1753; Dolicholus minimus (L.) Medik., Vorles. Central America.
Churpfälz. Phys.-Öcon. Ges. 2: 354. 1787. Type: Jamaica, Sloane Common Names: Bejuco pega-palo, Bejuco de pega-palo, Guatabo,
s.n. (Lectotype: BM). Guatavo, Pega-palo, Pimandé, Pimangué (Dominican Republic),
Phaseolus caribaeus Eaton & C. Wright in A. Eaton, Man. Bot., ed. 8, Liane bandée, Pimangue guatabe (Haiti).
353. 1840. References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 389.
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. var. lutea Eggers, Smithsonian Misc. Rhynchosia reticulata (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 2: 385. 1825, var. reticulata;
Collect. 23(3): 43. 1879. Glycine reticulata Sw., Prodr. 105. 1788; Dolicholus reticulatus
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. var. normalis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: (Sw.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser., 2(1): 53.
204. 1891. 1900. Type: Jamaica, Swartz s.n. (Lectotype: S).
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. var. pauciflora Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
204. 1891. Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Montserrat,
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Martin, St.
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Désirade, Dominica, Grenada, Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
number 9 8 • 457
Common Names: Bejuco rastrero, Peonía, Peonía blanca, Peonía criolla (Jacq.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 216. 1844; Zygia saman (Jacq.)
(Cuba), Bejuquito de sabana, Guatabo, Guatavo (Dominican A. Lyons, Pl. Nam. Ed. 2, 503. 1907.
Republic), Frijolillo, Habilla (Puerto Rico). Acacia propinqua A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 389. 466. 1846.
Rhynchosia stenophylla Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 48. 1928.
Islands (Guana, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda),
Type: Haiti, Ekman 4529 (Holotype: S, Isotypes: K, GH, NY).
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada,
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St.
Vincent), and Trinidad; native to Mexico, Central America, and
Rhynchosia swartzii (Vail) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 320. South America.
1918; Dolicholus swartzii Vail, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 108. 1899. References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 19, 58, 61, 114, 175, 224.
Type: Florida, Blodgett s.n. (Holotype: NY, Isotypes: GH, NY). Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Rhynchosia gundlachii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 374. 1908.
Samanea valeuriana Alain = Cojoba filipes (Vent.) Barneby & J.W.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, United States (FL), and
Grimes
Mexico; reported by Urban (30) for Hispaniola.
Common Name: Bonaney-bean (Bahamas). Sauvallella immarginata (C. Wright) Rydb. = Poitea immarginata
References: 3, 5, 30, 45, 150, 389. (C. Wright) Lavin
Robinia aculeata Vahl = Pictetia aculeata (Vahl) Urb. Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20:
240. 1919, var. parahyba; Cassia parahyba Vell., Fl. Flumin. 168.
Robinia cubensis Kunth = Hebestigma cubense (Kunth) Urb.
1829 [“1925”]. Type: Brazil.
Robinia dubia Poir. = Poitea dubia (Poir.) Lavin Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Old World; native to Mexico,
Robinia florida Vahl = Poitea florida (Vahl) Lavin Central America, and South America.
Robinia glyciphylla Poir. = Poitea glyciphylla (Poir.) Urb.
Schrankia distachya sensu A. Stahl = Mimosa quadrivalvis L. var.
Robinia grandiflora L. = Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. urbaniana Barneby
Robinia latifolia sensu Spreng. = Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) Kunth Schrankia hamata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = Mimosa quadrivalvis
ex DC. L. var. tetragona (Poir.) Barneby
Robinia polyantha Sw. = Poitea dubia (Poir.) Lavin Schrankia leptocarpa DC. = Mimosa quadrivalvis L. var. leptocarpa
Robinia sepium Jacq. = Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth (DC.) Barneby
Robinia sericea Poir. = Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) Kunth ex DC. Schrankia leptocarpa sensu Bello = Mimosa quadrivalvis L. var.
urbaniana Barneby
Robinia spinifolia Desv. = Pictetia sulcata (P. Beauv.) Beyra & Lavin
Schrankia leptocarpa sensu Liogier = Mimosa quadrivalvis L. var. var.
Robinia squamata Vahl = Pictetia aculeata (Vahl) Urb.
urbaniana Barneby
Robinia squamosa Poir. = Pictetia aculeata (Vahl) Urb.
Schrankia portoricensis Urb. = Mimosa quadrivalvis L. var. var.
Robinia violacea Jacq. = Lonchocarpus violaceus (Jacq.) Kunth ex DC. urbaniana Barneby
Robinia violacea Mill. = Coulteria linnaei (Griseb.) Acev.-Rodr. Sciacassia siamea (Lam.) Britton = Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin &
Rudolphia peltata Willd. = Rhodopis planisiliqua (L.) Urb. var. planisiliqua Barneby
Rudolphia portoricensis (Desf.) Sweet = Neorudolphia volubilis (Willd.) Senegalia angustifolia (Lam.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 113.
Britton 1928; Mimosa angustifolia Lam., Encycl. 1: 12. 1783, non Jacq.
1798.
Rudolphia rosea Tussac = Rhodopis planisiliqua (L.) Urb. var. planisiliqua Acacia scleroxyla Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: 146. 1811-1813.
Rudolphia scandens Poir. = Neorudolphia volubilis (Willd.) Britton Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola and Lesser
Antilles (Martinique).
Rudolphia sericea Steud. = Neorudolphia volubilis (Willd.) Britton
Common Names: Candelón, Córbano, Taquito (Dominican Republic),
Rudolphia volubilis Willd. = Neorudolphia volubilis (Willd.) Britton Basilic arbre, Bois chandelle, Bois saane, Bois savane, Tendre à
Sabinea carinalis Griseb. = Poitea carinalis (Griseb.) Lavin caillou, Tendre à caillou franc (Haiti), Acacia sauvage (Lesser
Antilles).
Sabinea florida sensu Bello = Poitea punicea (Urb.) Lavin References: 1, 5, 7, 122, 216.
Sabinea florida (Vahl) DC. = Poitea florida (Vahl) Lavin Senegalia angustissima (Mill.) Pedley = Acaciella angustissima (Mill.)
Sabinea punicea Urb. = Poitea punicea (Urb.) Lavin Britton & Rose var. angustissima
Sagotia triflora (L.) Duchass. & Walp. = Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Senegalia grenadensis Britton & Rose = Senegalia tamarindifolia (L.)
Britton & Rose
Samanea filipes (Vent.) Britton & Rose = Cojoba filipes (Vent.) Barneby
& J.W. Grimes Senegalia laeta (R. Br. ex Benth.) Siegler & Ebinger, Phytologia 91(1): 27.
2009; Acacia laeta R. Br. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 508. 1842.
Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6: 47. 1916; Mimosa
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Africa and Asia.
saman Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 15. 1800; Calliandra saman (Jacq.)
References: 3, 175.
Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 225. 1860; Albizia saman (Jacq.) F. Muell.,
Select Pl., ed. 2, 12. 1876; Enterolobium saman (Jacq.) Prain Senegalia maschalocephala (Griseb.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl.
ex King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 252. 1897; 23(2): 118. 1928; Acacia maschalocephala Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.
Feuilleea saman (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 189. 1891; Inga 82. 1866. Type: Cuba, Wright 2395 (Holotype: GOET, Isotypes:
saman (Jacq.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1024. 1806; Pithecellobium saman NY, US).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Senegalia vogeliana (Steud.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 116.
Common Names: Vergonzosa palo, Tocino (Cuba). 1928; Acacia vogeliana Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2), 1: 9. 1840.
References: 3, 122, 132, 156, 216. Lysiloma ambigua (Vogel) Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 28. 1928; Acacia
ambigua Vogel, Linnaea 10: 100. 1836, nom. illeg., non
Senegalia micrantha Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 115. 1928;
Hoffmanns, 1826.
Acacia micrantha Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 526. 1875,
nom. illeg.; Cojoba micrantha Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2):
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John), and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe,
30. 1928; Acacia parviflora Little, Phytologia 6: 506. 1959. Type:
Martinique).
Mexico, Berlandier 3148 (Lectotype: K).
Common Name: Macata-bourse bâtard (Lesser Antilles).
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and Mexico.
References: 1, 5, 7, 19, 32, 58, 122, 156, 158, 216, 254.
References: 7, 121, 122, 151, 216.
Senegalia westiana (DC.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 119.
Senegalia muricata (L.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 113. 1928;
1928; Acacia westiana DC., Prodr. 2: 464. 1825.
Mimosa muricata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1311, 1504. 1759; Acacia
Acacia retusa (Jacq.) R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 54: 459. 1973;
muricata (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1058. 1806.
Mimosa retusa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 34. 1760.
Acacia nudiflora Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1058. 1806.
Acacia guadalupensis DC., Prodr. 2: 464. 1825.
Acacia sarmentosa sensu Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7:
212. 1857, non Desv.
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Acacia riparia sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique).
Islands 5: 353. 1924, non Kunth.
Common Names: Tantacayo, Tendre à caillou (Lesser Antilles), Acacia
Mimosa paniculata H. West, Bidr. Beskr. St. Croix 312. 1793, nom. nud.
nudosa, Amarat, Cojoba, Tamarindillo, Tamarindo cimarrón
(Puerto Rico), Spineless acacia (Virgin Islands).
(Guana, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser
References: 1, 5, 6, 7, 19, 58, 61, 122, 131, 151.
Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Senegalia rugata (Lam.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 120. Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
1928; Acacia rugata (Lam.) Buch.-Ham. ex Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Vincent), Trinidad, and South America.
Jamaica 4: 141. 1920; Mimosa rugata Lam., Encycl. 1: 20. 1783; Common Names: Amourette, Fleur d’amour, Fleur du bien-aimé (Lesser
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Asia and Malesia. Antilles), Acacia zarza, Zarza, Zarza brava (Puerto Rico), Catch
References: 2, 216. and keep (Virgin Islands).
Senegalia polyacantha (Willd.) Siegler & Ebinger, Phytologia 91(1): 28. References: 1, 7, 19, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 122, 131, 149, 151, 158, 216.
2009; Acacia polyacantha Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1079. 1806. Senna aculeata (Pohl ex Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New
Acacia suma (Roxb.) Ham. ex Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 260. 1845. York Bot. Gard. 35: 478. 1982; Cassia aculeata Pohl ex Benth. in
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(2): 128. 1870. Type: Brazil.
(Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe, St. Vincent); native to Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to South America.
Africa and Asia. References: 3, 12, 119, 224.
References: 1, 2, 6, 58, 61, 159, 252. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands Senna acunae (Borhidi) A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow
6: 538. 1930; Acacia senegal (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1077. 1806; & Leningrad) 75(9): 1294. 1990; Cassia acunae Borhidi, Acta Bot.
Mimosa senegal L., Sp. Pl. 521. 1753. Type: Africa. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 298. 1977 [“1976”].
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Virgin Islands; native to Africa Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
and Asia. Reference: 12.
References: 7, 61.
Senna alata (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 2: 349. 1832; Cassia alata
Senegalia tamarindifolia (L.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): L., Sp. Pl. 378. 1753; Herpetica alata (L.) Raf., Sylva Tellur. 123.
120. 1928; Mimosa tamarindifolia L., Sp. Pl. 523. 1753; Acacia 1838.
tamarindifolia (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1092. 1806. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Senegalia grenadensis Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 120. 1928. Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles
Type: Grenada, Broadway 1808. (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba,
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Grenadines, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and Central America.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Margarita, and South America. Common Names: Guajava, Guajavo, Talantalan (Dominican Republic),
Common Names: Côte-lézard, Grand amourette (Lesser Antilles). Date(s) jaune(s), Dartres, Date, Fleur dartre, Fleur de St. Christophe,
References: 1, 122, 175, 216, 323. Fleur palmiste, Fleurs à dartres, Fleurs jaunes, Herbe à dartres,
Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 118. 1928, var. Herbe a dattes, Z’herbe St. Christophe (Haiti), Casse allée, Casse
tenuifolia; Acacia tenuifolia (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1091. 1806; puante, Cassia alata, Christmas candle, Dartrier, Herbe à dartres,
Mimosa tenuifolia L., Sp. Pl. 523. 1753. Kasialata, Ringworm shrub, Talentro, Taratana (Lesser Antilles).
Acacia martinicensis C. Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: References: 1, 6, 7, 58, 61, 119, 224.
495. 1845. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Acacia microcephala A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Senna alexandrina Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Vasc. 469. 1845. Cassia angustifolia Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 29. 1790.
Acacia paniculata Willd., Sp. Pl. 4(2): 1074. 1806. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Virgin Islands (St. Croix); native
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique), to Asia and Africa.
Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Common Names: Haba de flor Sen (Dominican Republic), Séné, Séné
Common Names: Araña gato, Bejuco cochino, Tocino (Cuba), Acacia grandes feuilles (Haiti).
blanc, Acacia sauvage, Amourette, Pompons blancs (Lesser Antilles). References: 119, 123, 159, 230.
References: 1, 3, 175, 216, 323.
number 9 8 • 459
Senna angustisiliqua (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
York Bot. Gard. 35: 514. 1982, var. angustisiliqua; Cassia References: 3, 12, 156.
angustisiliqua Lam., Encycl. 1: 649. 1785. Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 2: 342. 1832, var.
Cassia crista Jacq. var. oligophylla Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 33. 1928. bicapsularis; Cassia bicapsularis L., Sp. Pl. 376. 1753; Adipera
Peiranisia haitiensis Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 261. 1930. bicapsularis (L.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson, Sci.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 370. 1924; Cathartocarpus
Jamaica, and Puerto Rico; exotic in Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe). bicapsularis (L.) Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 38. 1825.
Common Names: Carga agua (Dominican Republic), Briser ménage, Cassia berteroi Colla, Hortus Ripul. 30. 1824.
Séné (Haiti). Cassia emarginata L., Sp. Pl. 376. 1753; Isandrina emarginata (L.)
References: 119, 151, 158. Britton & Rose in Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
Senna angustisiliqua (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. fulgens Virgin Islands 5: 374. 1924.
(Macfad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
35: 516. 1982; Cassia fulgens Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 342. 1837. Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St.
Type: Jamaica, Macfadyen s.n. (Lectotype: K). Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Cassia biflora L., Sp. Pl. 378. 1753, nom. rej. Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
Peiranisia jamaicensis Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 262. 1930. Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago,
References: 119, 151. Trinidad, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Sen de la tierra (Dominican Republic), Bois d’anneau
Senna angustisiliqua (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. inaguensis
(Haiti), Black dog bush, Caca-bétyé, Caca-soldat, Canéfice bâtard,
(Britton & Rose) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Case-hallier, Money bush, Soumaké, Sou marqué (Lesser Antilles).
Gard. 35: 516. 1982; Peiranisia inaguensis Britton & Rose,
References: 1, 2, 12, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 118, 123, 131, 132, 151, 244,
N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 261. 1930. Type: Inagua Island, Bahamas,
301, 323.
Nash & Taylor 971 (Holotype: NY).
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. Senna chapmanii (Isely) A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow
Reference: 119. & Leningrad) 75(9): 1295. 1990; Cassia chapmanii Isely, Mem.
New York Bot. Gard. 25: 199. 1975; Senna mexicana (Jacq.) H.S.
Senna atomaria (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Irwin & Barneby var. chapmanii (Isely) H.S. Irwin & Barneby,
Gard. 35: 588. 1982; Cassia atomaria L., Mant. Pl. 1: 68. 1767.
Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 417. 1982.
Cassia grisea A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 493.
Cassia bahamensis sensu authors, non Mill.
1845.
Cassia chrysophylla A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
References: 12, 118, 150, 156.
Vasc. 500. 1845.
Cassia elliptica Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & Senna collicola H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35:
C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 356. 1824. 412. 1982. Type: Haiti, Holdridge 1279 (Holotype: NY, Isotypes:
Cassia elliptica Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 1, 101. 1893. BM, MO).
Cassia triflora Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 3: 11. 1807. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto References: 7, 118, 156.
Rico, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Marie Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York
Galante, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bot. Gard. 35: 467. 1982; Cassia didymobotrya Fresen., Flora 22:
Curaçao, Mexico, Central America, and South America. 53. 1839.
Common Names: Caña fistula cimarrona, Carboner, Guacamaya Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, North America, Mexico, Central
amarilla, Jupiter amarillo (Cuba), Bruscón, Palo de burro, Palo America, and South America; native to Africa.
de chivo, Sopaipo extranjero, Sopalpo extranjero (Dominican Reference: 119.
Republic), Bois cabrite, Bois cabrits, Casee marron, Casse marron,
Manger cabrite (Haiti), Yellow candlewood (Jamaica), Canéfice, Senna domingensis (Spreng.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York
Casse-hallier, Casse-savane, Sou-marqué (Lesser Antilles), Bot. Gard. 35: 96. 1982; Cassia domingensis Spreng., Neue
Velamuerto (Puerto Rico). Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 55. 1822; Cowellocassia domingensis
References: 1, 6, 12, 119, 131. (Spreng.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 252. 1930.
Cassia scleroxyla Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 458. 1916.
Senna bacillaris (L. f.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Gard. 35: 111. 1982, var. bacillaris; Cassia bacillaris L. f., Suppl. Hispaniola.
Pl. 231. 1782 [“1781”]; Chamaefistula bacillaris (L. f.) G. Don, Common Name: Sen (Dominican Republic).
Gen. Hist. 2: 451. 1832. References: 3, 39, 123, 152, 306, 427.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Vincent), Species.
Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Tobago, Trinidad, United States (FL),
and Central America. Senna x floribunda (Cav.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Common Names: Christmas blossom, Christmas bush (Lesser Antilles). Gard. 35: 360. 1982; Cassia floribunda Cav., Descr. Pl. 132. 1802.
References: 118, 231. Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central America,
and South America.
Senna benitoensis (Britton & P. Wilson) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. References: 118, 158, 224.
New York Bot. Gard. 35: 418. 1982; Cassia benitoensis Britton Note: Reported as exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
& P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 66. 1920. Type: Cuba,
Shafer 4072 (Holotype: NY). Senna fruticosa (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Gard. 35: 121. 1982; Cassia fruticosa Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Croix) and Mexico; native to Common Names: Sen (Dominican Republic), Séné, Séné petites feuilles
Central America. (Haiti), Italian senna, Port Royal senna (Jamaica).
Senna gundlachii (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Senna latifolia (G. Meyer) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York
Gard. 35: 95. 1982; Cassia gundlachii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Bot. Gard. 35: 143. 1982.
Regni Veg. 15: 309. 1918. Type: Cuba, Wright 150 (Holotype: B†, Cassia hoffmannseggii Mart. ex Benth. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras.
neo: GH). 15(2): 104. 1870.
Cassia esmeraldensis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to South America.
“De La Salle” 9: 10. 1950; Senna gundlachii (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & References: 3, 118.
Barneby subsp. esmeraldensis (Alain) A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Bot. Note: Known in Cuba from a single collection.
Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75(9): 1294. 1990. Senna ligustrina (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Gard. 35: 409. 1982; Cassia ligustrina L., Sp. Pl. 378. 1753;
References: 12, 39, 118, 156. Ditremexa ligustrina (L.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson,
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 372. 1924.
Cuba (39). Cassia bahamensis Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Peiranisia
Senna gundlachii (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby subsp. esmeraldensis bahamensis (Mill.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 266. 1930.
(Alain) A. Barreto & Yakovlev = Senna gundlachii (Urb.) H.S. Cassia ligustrina L. var. eggersiana Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 360. 1908.
Irwin & Barneby Cassia ligustrina L. var. jaegeriana Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 360. 1908.
Cassia turquinae (Britton & Rose) León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Senna hayesiana (Britton & Rose) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New
Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 12. 1950; Peiranisia turquinae Britton
York Bot. Gard. 35: 133. 1982; Chamaefistula hayesiana Britton
& Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 267. 1930; Senna ligustrina (L.) H.S.
& Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 235. 1930. Type: Panama, Hayes 572
Irwin & Barneby var. turquinae (Britton & Rose) A. Barreto &
(Holotype: NY).
Yakovlev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75(9): 1294. 1990.
Cassia brittoniana Lundell, Phytologia 1: 214. 1937.
Ditremexa confusa Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 257. 1930.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Martinique), Mexico, Central
Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique), United States
References: 1, 118.
(FL), Central America, and South America; exotic in Puerto Rico.
Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Phytologia 44: 499. 1979, Common Names: Brusca (Dominican Republic), Pis piante, Pois plante
var. hirsuta; Cassia hirsuta L., Sp. Pl. 378. 1753; Ditremexa (Haiti), Canéfice-bâtard, Casse-savane, Séné-zombi (Lesser Antilles).
hirsuta (L.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. References: 1, 6, 7, 12, 40, 118, 150.
Senna ligustrina (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. turquinae (Britton)
Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser
A. Barreto & Yakovlev = Senna ligustrina (L.) H.S. Irwin &
Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St.
Barneby
Lucia, St. Vincent), and South America; exotic in Jamaica.
Common Names: Café herb pua, Herbe puante, Kafé zépyant, Zépiante Senna mexicana (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
bata, Sou marqué poilu (Lesser Antilles). Gard. 35: 414. 1982, var. mexicana; Cassia mexicana Jacq.,
References: 2, 3, 118. Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 42. 1797; Adipera mexicana (Jacq.)
Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 241. 1930.
Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. hirta (Benth.) H.S. Irwin
Cassia mexicana Jacq. var. moustiquensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 33.
& Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 433. 1982.
1928.
America.
References: 7, 118.
Senna mexicana (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. berteroana (DC.)
Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. puberula H.S. Irwin
H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 416. 1982;
& Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 429. 1982. Type:
Cassia berteroana DC., Prodr. 2: 496. 1825.
Paraguay.
Cassia clarendonensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 388. 1915.
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique), Central America,
Jamaica.
and South America.
References: 7, 118.
Senna mexicana (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. chapmanii (Isely)
Senna insularis (Britton & Rose) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New
H.S. Irwin & Barneby = Senna chapmanii (Isely) A. Barreto &
York Bot. Gard. 35: 162. 1962; Cassia insularis (Britton & Rose)
Yakovlev
R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 126. 1947; Chamaefistula
insularis Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 239. 1930. Type: Senna mexicana (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. latifolia (Benth.)
Cuba, Britton et al. 14012 (Holotype: NY, Isotypes: F, US). H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 417.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 1982; Cassia bahamensis Mill. var. latifolia Benth., Trans. Linn.
References: 3, 12, 118, 156. Soc. London 27: 541. 1871. Type: Bahamas, Swainson s.n.
(Holotype: K).
Senna italica Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Cassia italica (Mill.)
Spreng., Bot. Gart. Halle 21. 1800.
Cassia obovata Collad., Hist. Nat. Med. Casses 92. 1816; Senna
obovata (Collad.) Link, Handbuch 2: 140. 1829. Senna mexicana (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. shaferi (Britton &
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser P. Wilson) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard.
Antilles (Anguilla, St. Eustatius, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, 35: 417. 1982; Cassia shaferi Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey
Bonaire, Curaçao, and Margarita; native to Asia and Africa. Bot. Club 43(9): 459. 1916; Senna shaferi (Britton & P. Wilson)
number 9 8 • 461
A. Barreto & Yakovlev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) Senna pallida (Vahl) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
75(9): 1295. 1990. Type: Cuba, Shafer 3770 (Holotype: NY). Gard. 35: 531. 1982, var. pallida; Cassia pallida Vahl, Eclog.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Amer. 3: 12. 1807.
References: 3, 12, 118, 156. Cassia discolor Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 72. 1814.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Senna multijuga (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Martinique), Margarita, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and
Gard. 35: 492. 1982, subsp. multijuga; Cassia multijuga Rich.,
South America.
Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 108. 1782; Peiranisia multijuga
References: 1, 12, 40, 119, 323.
(Rich.) Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands
6: 350. 1926. Senna pallida (Vahl) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. bahamensis H.S. Irwin
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Trinidad, and Mexico; native to & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 548. 1982. Type:
South America. Bahamas, Curtiss 50 (Holotype: NY, Isotype: US).
Reference: 119. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, and Cuba; exotic in
North America.
Senna nitida (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
References: 1, 12, 40 119, 156.
Gard. 35: 159. 1982; Cassia nitida Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat.
Paris 1: 451. 1792. Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby,
Cassia antillana (Britton & Rose) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 187. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 378. 1982, var. pendula; Cassia
1963. pendula Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 440. 1809.
Chamaefistula antillana Britton & Rose in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, North America, Mexico, and South
Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 369. 1924. America.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Common Names: Brusca de pascua(s), Brusca (Dominican Republic).
Virgin Islands (St. Thomas, Tortola), and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, References: 118, 123.
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent). Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
References: 1, 6, 7, 118. var. advena (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Senna obovata (Collad.) Link. = Senna italica Mill. Gard. 35: 389. 1982; Cassia indecora Kunth var. advena Vogel,
Gen. Cass. Syn. 18. 1837.
Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Cassia bicapsularis L. var. indecora (Kunth) Benth. in C.F.P. von
Gard. 35: 252. 1982; Cassia obtusifolia L., Sp. Pl. 377. 1753.
Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(2): 107. 1870; Cassia indecora Kunth in
Cassia tora sensu authors, non L.
F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov.
Cassia tora sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 166. 1920, non L.
Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 344. 1824.
Cassia tora L. var. humilis Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 456. 1805.
Emelista tora sensu Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv.
and South America.
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 371. 1924, non Cassia tora L.
Senna tora sensu authors non Willd. ex Link
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, glabrata (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Gard. 35: 382. 1982; Cassia indecora Kunth var. glabrata Vogel,
Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Gen. Cass. Syn. 19. 1837. Type: Brazil.
Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Distribution: Native to Bahamas and South America.
Common Names: Brusca cimarrona, Brusca hembra, Domidera Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
(Dominican Republic), Pis piante, Pistache marron (Haiti), Italian var. ovalifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) H.S. Irwin & Barneby,
senna, Séné, Soumaké, Sou-marqué, Sou marqué bâtard (Lesser Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 391. 1982; Cassia ovalifolia
Antilles). M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10(2):
References: 1, 6, 7, 19, 40, 58, 61, 118, 323. 305. 1843.
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, Handbuch 2: 140. 1833; Cassia Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and United States (FL); native to South
occidentalis L., Sp. Pl. 377. 1753; Ditremexa occidentalis (L.) America.
Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & References: 12, 118.
Virgin Islands 5: 372. 1924. Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.
Cassia planisiliqua L., Sp. Pl. 377. 1753. stahlii (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, 35: 392. 1982; Cassia stahlii Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 316. 1899.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, Cassia laevigata sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 108. 1885,
St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles non Willd.
(Anguilla, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), References: 58, 61, 118.
Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, North
America, Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World. Senna pilifera (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. subglabra (Moore)
Common Names: Bruca, Bruja, Brusca, Brusca hembra, Brusca macho, H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 243. 1982;
Hedionda (Dominican Republic), Café negré, Casse fétide, Pois Cassia pilifera Vogel var. subglabra Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc.
pinate, Pois pinte noir, Pois plante, Pois puant, Ti-zanite (Haiti), London, Bot. 4: 346. 1895. Type: Brazil.
Balam-bala, Café bâtard, Casse puante, Coffee bush, Dandelion, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South
Pis-a-bed, Pois puant, Stinking bush, Stinking weed, Wild french America.
guava, Z’epiente, Zeb piente, Z’herbes puantes, Zépiante, Wild References: 3, 12, 118.
coffee (Lesser Antilles), Hedionda (Puerto Rico). Senna polyphylla (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
References: 1, 6, 7, 12, 19, 40, 45, 58, 61, 118, 131, 323. Gard. 35: 517. 1982, var. polyphylla; Cassia polyphylla Jacq.,
Collectanea 4: 104. 1791 [“1790”]; Peiranisia polyphylla (Jacq.) Cassia occidentalis L. var. glabrescens sensu Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto
Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Rico 3: 112. 1885.
Virgin Islands 5: 373. 1924. Distribution: Native Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Cassia biflora sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 258. 1881, Virgin Islands (Anegada), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
non L. Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Lucia), Aruba,
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico, Virgin Bonaire, Curaçao, Mexico, Central America, South America, and
Islands (Anegada, St. Croix), and Lesser Antilles (Grenada). tropical Asia.
References: 58, 61, 119, 149. Common Names: Canéfice, Séné zombi, Zépiante-bâta, Zépiante-
marron (Lesser Antilles).
Senna polyphylla (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. montis-christi
References: 1, 6, 7, 12, 118.
H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 519.
1982. Type: Dominican Republic, Liogier 15707 (Holotype: NY, Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Isotypes: GH, K, US). Gard. 35: 600. 1982, var. spectabilis; Cassia spectabilis DC., Cat.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Pl. Horti Monsp. 90. 1813; Pseudocassia spectabilis (DC.) Britton
References: 119, 156. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 230. 1930.
Senna polyphylla (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. neglecta H.S.
(Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique), and Trinidad; native to
Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 520. 1982.
Type: British Virgin Islands, Anegada, Britton & Fishlock 1034
Common Names: Bruscón, Cañafistol, Chácaro, Libertad, Palo de
(Holotype: NY, Isotypes: F, US).
burro, Pela burro (Dominican Republic), Casse marron (Haiti).
Distribution: Endemic to Virgin Islands (Anegada).
References: 12, 119, 123, 224.
Senna racemosa (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Senna stenophylla (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York
Gard. 35: 580. 1982, var. racemosa; Cassia racemosa Mill., Gard.
Bot. Gard. 35: 413. 1982; Cassia stenophylla Benth., Trans.
Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Linn. Soc. London 27: 535. 1871. Type: Cuba, Wright 1601
Cassia ekmaniana Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 442. 1928; Gaumerocassia
(Lectotype: K).
ekmaniana (Urb.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 253. 1930.
Reference: 12.
Senna sulfurea (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Senna robiniifolia (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York
Gard. 35: 78. 1982; Cassia sulfurea Collad., Hist. Casses: 84.
Bot. Gard. 35: 520. 1982; Cassia robiniifolia Benth., Trans. Hort.
1816.
Soc. London 27: 545. 1871. Type: Cuba, Wright 2370 (Lectotype:
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
K, Isolectotype: G, GH, NY).
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat), and Trinidad; native to
tropical Asia, Malesia, and Australia.
References: 3, 12, 119, 156.
References: 1, 118.
Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York
Senna surattensis (Burm. f.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Bot. Gard. 35: 365. 1982; Cassia septemtrionalis Viv., Elench. Pl.
Gard. 35: 81. 1982; Cassia surattensis Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 97. 1768.
14. 1802.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (St.
Adipera laevigata (Willd.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson, Sci.
Vincent), and North America; native to tropical Asia, Malesia, and
Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 371. 1924; Cassia laevigata
Australia.
Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 441. 1809.
Antilles (Barbados, Martinique), Tobago, Trinidad, and South Senna tora sensu authors = Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
America; native to Mexico and Central America. Senna undulata (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
References: 1, 6, 7, 12, 118, 151. Gard. 35: 157. 1982; Cassia undulata Benth. J. Bot. (Hooker)
Senna shaferi (Britton & Wilson) A. Barreto & Yakovlev = Senna 2(10): 76. 1840.
mexicana (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. shaferi (Britton & Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico,
Wilson) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Central America, and South America.
References: 1, 118.
Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Gard. 35: 98. 1982; Cassia siamea Lam., Encycl. 1: 648. 1785; Senna uniflora (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
Sciacassia siamea (Lam.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(4): 252. Gard. 35: 258. 1982; Cassia uniflora Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
1930. Cassia ciliata Hoffmanns., Verz. Pfl.-Kult. 208. 1824.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Cassia ornithopoides Lam., Encycl. 1: 644. 1785.
Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Cassia sericea Sw., Prodr. 66. 1788.
Montserrat, St. Lucia), Margarita, and Trinidad; native to tropical Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Asia and Malesia. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Barbados), Margarita,
Common Names: Casia amarilla (Dominican Republic), Casse, Kas Mexico, and Central America.
(Lesser Antilles). Common Names: Brusca, Brusca blanca, Platanillo extranjero
References: 1, 6, 7, 19, 58, 61, 118, 150, 151, 323, 390. (Dominican Republic), Pis piant (Haiti).
References: 1, 6, 7, 12, 40, 118, 323.
Senna sophera (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 2: 347. 1832; Cassia
sophera L., Sp. Pl. 379. 1753; Ditremexa sophera (L.) Britton Senna villosa (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot.
& Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Gard. 35: 452. 1982; Cassia villosa Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Islands 5: 372. 1924. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas; native to Mexico.
Cassia proboscidea Pollard, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 281. 1896. References: 118, 158.
number 9 8 • 463
Senna viminea (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, and Mexico; exotic in
35: 160. 1982; Cassia viminea L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1016. 1759. Hispaniola.
Cassia fruticescens Bertero ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 335. 1825. References: 3, 7, 12, 151, 152.
Cassia melanocarpa Bertero ex DC., Prodr. 2: 491. 1825.
Sesbania occidentalis (Willd.) Poir. = Sesbania emerus (Aubl.) Urb.
Reference: 118. Sesbania oligosperma Taub., Flora 72: 423. 1889.
Distribution: Exotic (naturalized and localized) in Puerto Rico.
Sesban sesban (L.) Britton = Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.
Reference: 254 (Acevedo 2147).
Sesbania aegyptiaca (Poir.) Pers. = Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.
Sesbania sericea (Willd.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 244. 1822;
Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. Coronilla sericea Willd., Enum. Pl. 2: 773. 1809.
137: 15. 1909, var. bispinosa, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 572. 1841; Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Aeschynomene bispinosa Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 3: 13. 1792. Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia), Margarita,
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados), Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao; native Trinidad, United States (FL), and South America.
to Africa, Asia, and Malesia. Common Names: Tamarindillo (Dominican Republic), Papagayo
References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, 58, 158, 224. (Puerto Rico).
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 45, 58, 224.
Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight var. micrantha (Chiov.) J.B. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Gillett, Kew Bull. 17: 130. 1963. Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 7: 235. 1912; Aeschynomene
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Africa and tropical Asia. sesban L., Sp. Pl. 714. 1753; Sesban sesban (L.) Britton, Mem.
References: 12, 159. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. 1: 54. 1918.
Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 7: Sesbania aegyptiaca (Poir.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 316. 1807.
130. 1806. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Australia. (St. Croix), and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Kitts); native to
References: 12, 159. Africa, Asia, Malesia, and Australia.
Common Name: Sesbania (Puerto Rico).
Sesbania emerus (Aubl.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 149. References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 58, 158, 224.
1919; Aeschynomene emerus Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 775. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
1775.
Coronilla occidentalis Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1147. 1802; Sesbania Sesbania tomentosa Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. 286. 1836.
occidentalis (Willd.) Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 7: Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Pacific Region.
129. 1806. References: 6, 58, 150.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Shuteria vestita Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 207. 1834.
Rico, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe), Trinidad, United Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Asia and Malesia.
States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South America. References: 2, 159.
Common Names: Smooth sesban (Bahamas), Canilla de muerto, Palo
Smithia domingensis Balb. ex DC. = Aeschynomene pleuronervia DC.
bobo, Polizón, Tamarindo de laguna (Cuba).
References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, 45, 68, 132, 158, 301. Soja max (L.) Piper = Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A.W. Hill = Sesbania herbacea (Mill.) Sophora albopetiolulata Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 413. 1924.
McVaugh Sophora oligosperma Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 12. 1926.
Sesbania exasperata Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Reference: 7.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (St. Kitts), Trinidad, and South Sophora littoralis Schrad. = Sophora tomentosa L. var. littoralis
America. (Schrad.) Benth.
References: 1, 2. Sophora monosperma Sw. = Ormosia monosperma (Sw.) Urb.
Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 316. 1807; Robinia Sophora oligosperma Urb. & Ekman = Sophora albopetiolulata Leonard
grandiflora L., Sp. Pl. 722. 1753; Aeschynomene grandiflora (L.)
L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1050. 1763; Agati grandiflora (L.) Desv., J. Bot. Sophora polyphylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 447. 1928.
Agric. 1: 120. 1813. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, References: 3, 30, 39.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Tortola), Lesser Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia), Cuba (39).
and Margarita; native to tropical Asia and Malesia. Sophora saxicola Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 15. 1967.
Common Names: Agati, Flamingo bill (Bahamas), Zapatón blanco, Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Zapatón del Obispo, Zapatón rojo (Cuba), Gallito (Dominican References: 2, 427.
Republic), Pois vallette, Pois vallier, Pois valliére (Haiti), Baby Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
boots (Jamaica), Báculo, Cresta de gallo, Gallito (Puerto Rico).
Sophora tomentosa L. var. angustifoliolata A. Barreto, Fontqueria 44:
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 45, 58, 131, 224.
16. 1996.
Sesbania herbacea (Mill.) McVaugh, Fl. Novo-Galiciana 5: 695. 1987; Reference: 152.
Emerus herbaceous Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Sophora tomentosa L. var. littoralis (Schrad.) Benth. in C.F.P. von
Darwinia exaltata Raf., Fl. Ludov. 106. 1817; Sesbania exaltata (Raf.)
Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(1B): t. 124. 1862; Sophora littoralis Schrad.,
Rydb. ex A.W. Hill, N. Amer. Fl. 24(4): 204. 1924.
Gott. Gel. Anz. 1: 709. 1821.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Common Names: Common pencil-flower (Bahamas), Pela huevos
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, (Dominican Republic), Cheesy toes, Donkey weed, Pencil flower
St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Jamaica), Petit trèfle, Sweet weed, Trèfle jaune (Lesser Antilles),
(Anguilla, Antigua, Désirade, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Zarzabacoa enana (Puerto Rico).
Grenadines, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Vincent), Aruba, References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 45, 58, 123, 131.
Bonaire, Curaçao, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, Stylosanthes humilis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
and South America. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 506. 1824.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 151, 158. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and
Spartium arborescens Mill. = Brya ebenus (L.) DC. South America.
Sphinga prehensilis (C. Wright) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New
York Bot. Gard. 74(1): 161. 1996; Calliandra prehensilis C. Stylosanthes procumbens Sw. = Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub.
Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 406. Stylosanthes scabra Vogel, Linnaea 12: 69. 1838.
1869; Feuilleea prehensilis (C. Wright) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: Stylosanthes tuberculata S.F. Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 33: 48. 1920.
188. 1891; Havardia prehensilis (C. Wright) Britton & Rose, N. Stylosanthes viscosa sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 183. 1920,
Amer. Fl. 23(1): 43. 1928; Pithecellobium prehensile (C. Wright) non (L.) Sw.
Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 593. 1875. Type: Cuba, Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and South America.
Wright 3543 (Lectotype: GH, Isolectotype: K, NY). References: 3, 12, 45.
References: 3, 114, 175. Stylosanthes tuberculata S.F. Blake = Stylosanthes scabra Vogel
Stahlia maritima Bello = Stahlia monosperma (Tul.) Urb. Stylosanthes viscosa (L.) Sw., Prodr. 108. 1788; Hedysarum hamatum
L. var. viscosum L., Pl. Jamaic. Pug. 20. 1759.
Stahlia monosperma (Tul.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 285. 1900; Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Caesalpinia monosperma Tul., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 148. Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South
1844. America.
Stahlia maritima Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 255. 1881. Common Names: Comino sabanero (Cuba), Poor man’s friend
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola (Jamaica).
(Dominican Republic) and Puerto Rico. References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 12, 58, 61, 323.
Common Names: Caobanilla (Dominican Republic), Cóbana, Cóbana
negra, Polisandro (Puerto Rico). Stylosanthes viscosa sensu Britton & Millsp. = Stylosanthes scabra Vogel
References: 6, 7, 58, 61, 427, 633. Swartzia caribaea Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 212. 1860; Tounatea caribaea
Note: Considered a threatened species by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (Griseb.) Taub., Bot. Centralbl. 47: 390. 1891. Type: St. Lucia,
and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Anderson s.n. (Lectotype: K).
Stenolobium caeruleum Benth. = Calopogonium caeruleum (Benth.) Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, St.
C. Wright Lucia).
Common Names: Acoucoua, Acouquois, Arcoquois, Bois du bras
Stenolobium caeruleum sensu Bello & sensu Stahl = Calopogonium de sable, Bois maler, Bois olivier, Brésillette, Casse, Coco nègre
mucunoides Desv. hebrew, Graine agouti, Kas, Miscad marrow, Olivier, Wild
Stizolobium domingense Spreng. = Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. nutmeg, Yoranger (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 410.
Stizolobium pruriens (L.) Medik. = Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var.
pruriens Swartzia cubensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Standl., Publ. Carnegie Inst.
Wash. 461(4): 61. 1935; Tounatea cubensis Britton & P. Wilson,
Stizolobium pruritum (Wight) Piper = Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var.
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 460. 1926. Type: Cuba, Roig 3162
pruriens
Stylosanthes calcicola Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 730. 1933. Distribution: Native to Cuba and Yucatan.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, United States (FL), and Central Common Name: Pico de gallo (Cuba).
America. References: 3, 77, 410.
References: 3, 12, 45, 150.
Swartzia grandiflora (Vahl) Willd. = Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng.
Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl.
Swartzia multijuga A. Rich. = Ateleia cubensis Griseb.
10: 301. 1789.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), and Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 567. 1825;
Trinidad; native to Mexico, Central America, and South America. Possira simplex Sw., Prodr. 82. 1788. Type: West Indies, Swartz
References: 6, 58, 223. s.n. (Holotype: S).
Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng. var. jamaicensis Urb., Symb. Antill.
Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg
5: 364. 1908; Tounatea jamaicensis (Urb.) Britton, N. Amer. Fl.
32: 22. 1890; Hedysarum hamatum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1170.
23(5): 343. 1930.
1759.
Swartzia grandiflora (Vahl) Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 1220. 1799.
Stylosanthes procumbens Sw., Prodr. 108. 1788.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenadines,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Central
America, and South America; cultivated in Jamaica.
Common Name: Z’oranges (Lesser Antilles).
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Marie Galante, Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St.
Lucia), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Trinidad, and United States (FL). Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng. var. jamaicensis Urb. = Swartzia simplex
Probably native to Central America and South America. (Sw.) Spreng.
number 9 8 • 465
Sweetia filiformis (Jacq.) DC. = Galactia filiformis (Jacq.) Benth. var. Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 328. 1807; Galega cinerea L.,
filiformis Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1172. 1759; Cracca cinerea (L.) Morong, Ann.
New York Acad. Sci. 7: 79. 1892.
Sweetia lignosa (Turpin ex Pers.) DC. = Galactia lignosa (Turpin ex
Cracca domingensis (Willd.) Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 24(3): 181. 1923;
Pers.) Urb.
Galega domingensis Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1249. 1802; Tephrosia
Sweetia longifolia (Jacq.) DC. = Galactia longifolia (Jacq.) Benth. domingensis (Willd.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 330. 1807; Orobus
Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H. Ohashi, Ginkgoana 1. 1973; Desmodium domingensis (Willd.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 261. 1826.
triquetrum (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 326. 1825. Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers. var. littoralis (Jacq.) Benth. in C.F.P. von
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Asia, Malesia, Australia, and Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(1A): 48. 1859;Vicia littoralis Jacq., Enum.
Pacific Region. Syst. Pl. 27. 1760; Tephrosia littoralis (Jacq.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2):
References: 2, 152. 329. 1807.
Tamarindus indica L., Sp. Pl. 34. 1753. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Montserrat, Redonda,
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Common Names: Slender goat’s rue (Bahamas), Barbesco (Cuba), Bruca
Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, cimarrona, Brusca cimarrona, Frijolito cimarrón (Dominican
Margarita, United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and Republic), Añil cenizo (Puerto Rico).
South America; native to Asia and Africa. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 45, 58.
Common Names: Tamarind (Bahamas), Tamarindo (Cuba), Mandarin,
Tamarindo, Tomale, Tonmarín (Dominican Republic), Tamarin, Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers. var. littoralis (Jacq.) Benth. = Tephrosia
Tamarindier, Tamaring, Tomarin (Haiti), Tamarind (Jamaica), cinerea (L.) Pers.
Tamarin, Tamarin-bord-de-mer, Tamarin-petites feuilles, Tephrosia clementis Alain, Candollea 17: 114. 1960.
Tamarind, Tamarinier, Tanmawen (Lesser Antilles), Tamarindo Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
(Puerto Rico), Tamarind (Virgin Islands). Reference: 12.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 224.
Tephrosia corallicola (Small) León = Tephrosia angustissima Shuttlew.
ex Chapm. var. corallicola (Small) Isely
Tara spinosa (Molina) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5) : 320.1930;
Tephrosia domingensis (Willd.) Pers. = Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers.
Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2):
54.1898; Ponciana spinosa Molina, Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili 158. Tephrosia grandiflora (Vahl) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 329. 1807.
1782. Type: Peru. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to southern Africa.
Caesalpinia pectinata Cav., Descr. Pl. 467. 1802. References: 2. 158.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and South America. Tephrosia leptostachya sensu Bello = Tephrosia senna Kunth
References: 3, 405.
Tephrosia littoralis (Jacq.) Pers. = Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers.
Tauroceras cornigerum (L.) Britton & Rose = Vachellia cornigera (L.)
Seigler & Ebinger Tephrosia longifolia (Jacq.) Pers. = Galactia longifolia (Jacq.) Benth.
Tauroceras spadicigerum (Schltdl. & Cham.) Britton & Rose = Tephrosia moschata Tussac = Poitea dubia (Poir.) Lavin
Vachellia cornigera (L.) Seigler & Ebinger Tephrosia noctiflora Bojer ex Baker, Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 112. 1871.
Tephrosia angustissima Shuttlew. ex Chapm. var. corallicola (Small) Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Virgin Islands (Guana, Tortola), Lesser
Isely, Brittonia 34: 341. 1982; Cracca corallicola Small, Bull. Torrey Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia,
Bot. Club 36: 160. 1909; Tephrosia corallicola (Small) León, Contr. St. Vincent), Trinidad, and Central America; native to Africa and
Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 10: 304. 1951. tropical Asia.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and United States (FL). References: 1, 2, 159, 237.
References: 3, 12, 150, 156. Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 329. 1807; Cracca
Tephrosia aniloides Bello = Coursetia caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin var. caribaea purpurea L., Sp. Pl. 752. 1753.
Tephrosia wallichii Graham ex Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 55: 35. 1917.
Tephrosia candida DC., Prodr. 2: 249. 1825; Cracca candida (DC.) Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 173. 1891. Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Martinique), Central America, and
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser South America; native to Africa, Asia, Malesia, and Australia.
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Désirade, Guadeloupe, Common Names: Indigo (Dominican Republic), Brusca cimarrona
Marie Galante, Montserrat, Redonda, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. (Dominican Republic).
Lucia); native to Madagascar and southeast Asia. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 12, 58, 224, 254.
Common Name: Tefrosia (Puerto Rico). Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
References: 1, 2, 6, 7, 58.
Tephrosia senna Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland &
Tephrosia caribaea (Jacq.) DC. = Coursetia caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin var. C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 458. 1824.
caribaea Cracca cathartica (Sessé & Moc.) Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 181.
Tephrosia cathartica (Sessé & Moc.) Urb. = Tephrosia senna Kunth 1920; Galega cathartica Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 175.
1894; Tephrosia cathartica (Sessé & Moc.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4:
Tephrosia chrysophylla Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 489. 1813 [“1814”].
283. 1905.
Tephrosia leptostachya sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 258.
References: 3, 12.
1881, non DC.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Ternatea vulgaris Kunth = Clitoria ternatea L. var. ternatea
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 72. 1898.
Lesser Antilles (Martinique, Nevis, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Croix), North America, and
Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South America. Old World; native to South America.
Common Names: Bushy goat’s rue (Bahamas), Sen, Sen amargo, Sen de References: 152, 158.
la tierra (Dominican Republic), Añil racimillo (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 45, 58. Tounatea caribaea (Griseb.) Taub. = Swartzia caribaea Griseb.
Tephrosia sessiliflora (Poir.) Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: Tounatea cubensis Britton & P. Wilson = Swartzia cubensis (Britton &
162. 1919; Cytisus sessiliflorus Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, P. Wilson) Standl. var. cubensis
Encycl. Suppl. 2: 439. 1812. Tounatea jamaicensis (Urb.) Britton = Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng.
Cracca brevipes (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 174. 1891.
Trifolium arvense L., Sp. Pl. 769. 1753.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Trinidad, and South America;
reported for Puerto Rico.
Europe, Africa, and Asia.
References: 5, 6, 7, 58, 158.
Tephrosia sinapou (Buc’hoz) A. Chev., Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances
Trifolium dubium Sibth., Fl. Oxon. 231. 1794.
Acad. Sci. 180: 1522. 1925; Galega sinapou Buc’hoz, Hist. Univ.
Trifolium minus Relhan, Fl. Cantab., ed. 2, 290. 1802.
Règne Vég. 10: t. 4. 1775.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, North America, Central
Tephrosia toxicaria Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 329. 1807.
America, and South America; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America,
and South America; exotic in Jamaica.
Common Names: Enivré, Guanibrey, Juan libré, Juanlibré (Dominican Trifolium minus Relhan = Trifolium dubium Sibth.
Republic), Bois à enivrer, Bois enivré, Guanivre (Haiti), Suriname Trifolium pratense L., Sp. Pl. 768. 1753.
poison (Jamaica). Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola (Dom. Rep.), Puerto
References: 2, 7, 158. Rico, and North America; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Tephrosia spicata (Walter) Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 296. 1838; Common Name: Red clover (Bahamas).
Galega spicata Walter, Fl. Carol. 188. 1788. References: 6, 45, 58, 61, 224, 254.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Common Name: Barbesco (Cuba). Trifolium repens L., Sp. Pl. 767. 1753.
Reference: 3. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and
Tephrosia toxicaria Pers. = Tephrosia sinapou (Buc’hoz) A. Chev. North America; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Common Names: White clover (Bahamas), Trébol (Cuba).
Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. in W.J. Hooker, Niger Fl. 296. 1849.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 132, 159, 224
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Africa.
Reference: 2.
Ulex europaeus L., Sp. Pl. 241. 1753.
Tephrosia wallichii Graham ex Fawc. & Rendle = Tephrosia purpurea
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Jamaica; native to Europe.
(L.) Pers.
Common Name: Gorse (Jamaica).
Teramnus grandiflorus Griseb. = Herpyza grandiflora (Griseb.) References: 2, 7.
C. Wright var. grandiflora
Vachellia acuifera (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 87: 142.
Teramnus labialis (L. f.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 235. 1826; 2005; Acacia acuifera Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 496. 1842. Type:
Glycine labialis L. f., Suppl. Pl. 325. 1782 [“1871”]. Bahamas, Swainson s.n. (Holotype: K, Isotype: BM).
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Pithecellobium micranthum Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 589.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, 1875.
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and
Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Hispaniola.
Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Tobago Mexico, and Central America. Common Names: Bahama acacia, Cassip, Pork-and-doughboy,
Common Names: Yerba conejo (Dominican Republic), Ti pois-pois, Rosewood (Bahamas).
Winah (Lesser Antilles), Frijolillo (Puerto Rico). References: 5, 7, 45, 216.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58.
Vachellia anegadensis (Britton) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 87: 142.
Teramnus uncinatus (L.) Sw., Prodr. 105. 1788; Dolichos uncinatus L., 2005; Acacia anegadensis Britton, Mem. New York Bot. Gard.
Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1019. 1763. 6: 572. 1916; Fishlockia anegadensis (Britton) Britton & Rose,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 91. 1928. Type: Anegada, Britton & Fishlock
Jamaica, Margarita, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central America, and 990 (Holotype: NY, Isotypes: F, GH, US).
South America. Distribution: Endemic to Virgin Islands (Anegada).
Common Names: Cresta de gallo blanco, Frijolillo peludo (Puerto References: 61, 121, 156, 216, 427.
Rico). Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 131. Threatened Species.
Teramnus volubilis Sw., Prodr. 105. 1788. Vachellia baessleri H.D. Clarke, Seigler & Ebinger, Syst. Bot. 34: 89.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Trinidad, Central America, and South 2009.
Ternatea rubiginosa (Juss. ex Pars.) Kuntze = Clitoria falcata Lam. var. Vachellia barahonensis (Urb. & Ekman) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia
falcata 87: 144. 2005; Acacia barahonensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot.
number 9 8 • 467
22A(8): 29. 1928. Type: Hispaniola, Dominican Republic, Ekman Common Names: Abrojo, Erizo, Palo biajaca, Yamaquey (Cuba).
7043 (Holotype: B †, Isotype: S). References: 3, 30, 39, 121, 175, 216, 427.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Common Names: Acacia, Zacacia (Dominican Republic), Z’acacia Cuba (39) and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
(Haiti). Species.
References: 5, 7, 121, 123, 216. Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 272.
Vachellia belairioides (Urb.) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 87: 145. 1834; Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1083. 1806; Mimosa
2005; Acacia belairioides Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 439. 1928. farnesiana L., Sp. Pl. 521. 1753.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Acacia ferox M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles
References: 3, 30, 39, 121, 156, 175, 427. 10(2): 314. 1843.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
of Cuba (39) and critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Threatened Species. Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines,
Vachellia bucheri (Vict.) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 87: 146. 2005;
Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad,
Acacia bucheri Vict., Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montréal 49: 57.
1944. Type: Cuba, Victorin & Clemente 21804 (Holotype: MT,
Common Names: Aroma, Cashia, Opoponax (Bahamas), Aroma,
Isotypes: GH, HAC).
Aroma amarilla, Aroma de agujas, Aroma prieta, Aromo amarillo,
Aromo oloroso, Cují, Guichacho (Cuba), Aroma, Bayahonda,
References: 3, 39, 121, 175, 216, 427.
Cambrón, Carambomba (Dominican Republic), Bayahonda
carambomba (Haiti), Cassie flower (Jamaica), Acacia odorant,
Acacia jaune, Sweet cassia, Zakasya (Lesser Antilles), Aroma
Species.
(Puerto Rico), Casha (Virgin Islands).
Vachellia caurina (Barneby & Zanoni) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 150, 175,
87: 148. 2005; Acacia caurina Barneby & Zanoni, Moscosoa 216, 252, 301, 340.
5: 20. 1989. Type: Hispaniola, Haiti, Emery & Leonard 13863
Vachellia macracantha (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger,
(Holotype: US, Isotypes: A, GH, K, NY).
Phytologia 87: 160. 2005; Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl.
ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1080. 1806; Mimosa macracantha (Humb. &
References: 121, 149, 156, 216.
Bonpl. ex Willd.) Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl.
Vachellia choriophylla (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 87: 150. 1: 78. 1810; Poponax macracantha (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.)
2005; Acacia choriophylla Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 495. 1842; Killip, Caribbean Forest. 9: 241. 1948. Type: Ecuador, Humboldt
Lucaya choriophylla (Benth.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): & Bonpland 3799 (Holotype: B-W)
87. 1928. Type: Bahamas, Swainson s.n. (Holotype: K). Acacia cowellii (Britton & Rose) León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and United States (FL). Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 9. 1950; Poponax cowellii Britton &
Common Names: Cinnecord (Bahamas), Alaba-alaba, Álava-álava, Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 89. 1928.
Frijolillo, Tamarindillo (Cuba). Acacia lutea (Mill.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 327. 1889;
References: 3, 45, 121, 175, 216. Mimosa lutea Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Poponax lutea
Vachellia cornigera (L.) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 87: 153. 2005; (Mill.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 90. 1928.
Acacia cornigera (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1080. 1806; Mimosa Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. var. glabra Kitan., God.
cornigera L., Sp. Pl. 520. 1753; Tauroceras cornigerum (L.) Sofiisk. Univ. Biol. Fak., 2, Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast.
Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 86. 1928. 66: 31. 1974 [“1971-1972”].
Acacia cubensis Schenk, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 360. 1913. Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. var. glabrescens
Acacia spadicigera Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 594. 1830; Tauroceras Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 222. 1860.
spadigerum (Schltdl. & Cham.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. Acacia macracanthoides Bertero ex DC., Prodr. 2: 463. 1825; Poponax
23(2): 85. 1928. macracanthoides (Bertero ex DC.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique), 23(2): 89. 1928.
Trinidad, and South America; native to Mexico and Central Acacia microcephala Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 316. 1837.
America. Acacia subinermis Bertero ex DC., Prodr. 2: 463. 1825.
Common Names: Cuernecillo, Tarrito, Árbol del cuerno (Cuba), Acacia Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
barrière, Acacia cornes à boeuf (Lesser Antilles). Rico, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados,
References: 1, 3, 121, 175, 216, 224. Barbuda, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Margarita, Trinidad, North
Vachellia cucuyo (Barneby & Zanoni) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia Common Names: Guatapaná (Cuba), Acacia, Aroma, Cambrón,
87: 155. 2005; Acacia cucuyo Barneby & Zanoni, Moscosoa 5: Cambrona, Carambomba (Dominican Republic), Carambouba
14. 1989. Type: Hispaniola, Dominican Republic, Zanoni et al. (Haiti), Park nut (Jamaica), Acacia piquant, Acacia savane, Briar
38370 (Holotype: JBSD, Isotypes: NY, US). (Lesser Antilles), Tamarindo silvestre (Puerto Rico), Stink casa,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Wild tamarind (Virgin Islands).
Common Name: Cucuyo (Dominican Republic). References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 121, 123, 131, 132, 150, 152, 156,
References: 8, 121, 123, 216. 175, 323.
Vachellia daemon (Ekman & Urb.) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 87: Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb., Mabberley’s Pl.-Book
155. 2005; Acacia daemon Ekman & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. 1021. 2008.
Antill. 9: 438. 1928. Type: Cuba, Ekman 18591 (Holotype: S, Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 79. 1813;
Isotypes: A, G, HAC, K). Mimosa nilotica L., Sp. Pl. 521. 1753.
Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1085. 1806; Mimosa arabica Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Lam., Encycl. 1: 19. 1783. References: 3, 39, 121, 175, 216, 427.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Islands, Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Cuba (39) and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Species.
Barthélemy, St. Lucia); native to Africa and Asia. Vicia acutifolia Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2(3): 225. 1823.
Common Names: Gum arabic tree (Bahamas), Acacia de Cayenne, Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and United States (FL, GA).
Black piquant, Casha, Cassie (Lesser Antilles), Goma arábica, Common Name: Sand vetch (Bahamas).
Goma de acacia (Puerto Rico), Amrad gum, Gum arabic tree References: 3, 39, 45.
(Virgin Islands). Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 45, 58, 61, 150, 175, 224, 252, 383. Cuba (39).
Vicia angustifolia L. = Vicia sativa L.
Vachellia oviedoensis (R.G. García & M.M. Mejía) Seigler & Ebinger,
Phytologia 87: 163. 2005; Acacia oviedoensis R.G. García & Vicia faba L., Sp. Pl. 737. 1753.
M.M. Mejía, Moscosoa 11: 7. 2000. Type: Hispaniola, Dominican Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin
Republic, García & Pujals 6543 (Holotype: JBSD). Islands. Widely cultivated. Probably native to Asia.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Names: Haba (Cuba), Haba, Habas (Dominican Republic),
References: 121, 122, 156, 216. Haba (Puerto Rico).
References: 7, 131, 132, 158.
Vachellia polypyrigenes (Greenm. ex Combs.) Seigler & Ebinger,
Phytologia 87: 165. 2005; Acacia polypyrigenes Greenm. ex Vicia hirsuta (L.) A. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 614. 1821; Ervum
Combs, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 7: 419. 1897; Poponax hirsutum L., Sp. Pl. 738. 1753.
polypyrigenes (Greenm. ex Combs) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and North America; native to
Fl. 23(2): 89. 1928. Type: Cuba, Combs 602 (Holotype: GH, Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Isotypes: F, G, K, NY). References: 5, 7, 159.
Acacia cupeyensis León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Vicia littoralis Jacq. = Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers.
Salle” 9: 8. 1950. Type: Cuba, Curbelo 512 (Isotypes: HAC).
Vicia sativa L., Sp. Pl. 736. 1753.
Acacia curbeloi León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Vicia angustifolia L., Amoen. Acad. 4: 105. 1759.
Salle” 10: 241. 1951.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and North America;
native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Common Names: Aroma de costa, Brasil, Platanillo, Platanillo Brasil
Common Names: Alberja, Arveja (Cuba), Arveja (Dominican
(Cuba).
Republic), Pis Frances, Pois France (Haiti), Vetch (Jamaica).
References: 3, 39, 121, 175, 216.
Cuba (39). Vigna adenantha (G. Mey.) Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier, Taxon
27: 202. 1978; Phaseolus adenanthus G. Mey. in E. Meyer, Prim.
Vachellia roigii (León) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 87: 166. 2005;
Fl. Esseq. 239. 1818.
Acacia roigii León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Phaseolus cochleatus Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 262. 1881.
Salle” 9: 7. 1950. Type: Cuba, Curbelo 290 (Holotype: HAC).
Phaseolus cochleatus Bello var. pallidus Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist.
Nat. 10: 262. 1881.
Common Name: Erizo (Cuba).
Phaseolus cochleatus Bello var. violaceus Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist.
References: 3, 39, 121, 175, 216, 427.
Nat. 10: 262. 1881.
Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Threatened Species.
Martinique, St. Vincent), Margarita, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
Vachellia tortuosa (L.) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 87: 168. 2005; America, and South America.
Acacia tortuosa (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1083. 1806; Mimosa References: 1, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58, 72, 323, 417.
tortuosa L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1312. 1759; Poponax tortuosa (L.)
Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 44: 29. 1969;
Raf., Sylva Tellur. 118. 1838. Type: Jamaica, Browne s.n. (LINN).
Dolichos angularis Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1051. 1802.
Acacia seifriziana León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Phaseolus chrysanthos Savi, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 3: 318. 1822.
Salle” 9: 8. 1950.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Asia.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, Vigna antillana (Urb.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 4: 69. 1920;
St. Eustatius), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, United States (FL), and Phaseolus antillanus Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 309. 1905.
South America. Vigna sinensis sensu Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. 1893: 247. 1893, non
Common Names: Acacia, Carambola, Carambouba (Dominican Endl.
Republic), Bayahonde rouge (Haiti), Wild poponax (Jamaica), Vigna unguiculata sensu Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 178. 1860, non (L.) Walp.
Alabama cossy, Cossie, Pompons jaunes (Lesser Antilles), Casia Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
(Puerto Rico), Twisted acacia (Virgin Islands). Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, Tortola),
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 121, 123, 131, 150, 175, 216. and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Martinique, St. Vincent).
Common Names: Caupí criollo (Cuba), Liane trèfle (Haiti).
Vachellia zapatensis (Urb. & Ekman) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 87:
References: 2, 5, 6, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61, 72, 132.
170. 2005; Acacia zapatensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8):
30. 1928. Type: Cuba, Ekman 18358 (Holotype: B †, Isotypes: Vigna caracalla (L.) Verdc., Kew Bull. 24: 552. 1970; Phaseolus
BM, G, NY). caracalla L., Sp. Pl. 725. 1753.
number 9 8 • 469
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to Mexico, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Central America, and South America. Curaçao, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Caracol, Snail flower (Puerto Rico). References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61, 72, 417.
References: 7, 61, 131, 159, 417. Vigna repens (L.) Kuntze = Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.
Vigna elegans (Piper) Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier, Taxon 27: 201. Vigna retusa (E. Mey.) Walp. = Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr.
1978; Phaseolus elegans Piper, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 674.
1926. Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hassk. = Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Mexico, and Central America. Vigna sinensis sensu Rolfe = Vigna antillana (Urb.) Fawc. & Rendle
References: 151, 152, 417.
Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc., Kew Bull. 35: 474. 1980; Voandzeia
Vigna glabra Savi = Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. subterranea (L.) Thouars, Gen. Nov. Madagasc. 23. 1806; Glycine
Vigna hosei (Craib) Backer in C.A. Backer & D.F. van Slooten, Geill. subterranea L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1023. 1763.
Handb. Jav. Theeonkr. 153. 1924. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Africa.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Common Name: Maní congo (Dominican Republic).
Martinique, St. Lucia), and North America; native to Africa and Reference: 7.
Asia. Vigna trichocarpa (C. Wright) A. Delgado in L. Brako & J.L. Zarucchi,
References: 1, 6, 32, 58. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: 1254. 1993; Phaseolus
Vigna juruana sensu Liogier = Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. trichocarpus C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Habana 5: 337. 1869.
Vigna longifolia (Benth.) Verdc., Kew Bull. 24: 541. 1970; Phaseolus Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico, and South
longifolius Benth., Commentat. Legum. Gen. 75. 1837. America.
Phaseolus lanceolatus Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 262. 1881. References: 2, 3, 72.
Phaseolus ovatus Benth., Commentat. Legum. Gen. 75. 1837.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Trinidad; native to Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 44: 31.
Mexico, Central America, and South America. 1969; Dolichos umbellatus Thunb., Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 339.
References: 6, 32, 58, 72, 159, 417. 1794.
Phaseolus calcaratus Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: 289. 1832.
Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(1): 194. Phaseolus ricciardianus Ten. Index Seminum Horto Bot. Neapol. 4.
1859; Dolichos luteolus Jacq., Hort. Bot. Vindob. 1: 39. 1770. 1833.
Dolichos repens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1163. 1759; Vigna repens (L.) Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Virgin Islands; native to Asia
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 212. 1891. and Malesia.
Vigna glabra Savi, Oss. Phas. 3: 8: 1822. References: 5, 7, 158, 417.
Vigna juruana sensu Liogier, Descript. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 225. 1988,
non (Harms) Verdc. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 779. 1842; Dolichos
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, unguiculatus L., Sp. Pl. 725. 1753.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. 279. 1844.
Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Dolichos monachalis Brot., Fl. Lusit. 2: 125. 1804.
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Nevis, Saba, St. Lucia, St. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Vincent), Trinidad, Tobago, United States (FL), Mexico, Central Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Grenada,
America, and South America. Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and
Common Names: Yellow vigna (Bahamas), Frijol cimarrón (Cuba), North America; native to Africa and tropical Asia.
Frijol silvestre (Puerto Rico). Common Names: Canari, Caupi, Cow-pea, Frijolitos blancos, Frijol
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 131, 132, 224, 417. de vaca (Dominican Republic), Pois desconnu, Pois inconnu, Pois
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. liane, Pois manger cochon (Haiti).
References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 32, 58, 72, 417.
Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr. Interpr. Herb. Amboin. 285. 1917;
Phaseolus marinus Burm., Ind. Alt. Herb. Amboin. 18. 1768. Vigna unguiculata sensu Griseb. = Vigna antillana (Urb.) Fawc. & Rendle
Vigna retusa (E. Mey.) Walp., Linnaea 13: 534. 1839 Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Panama, Brazil, Africa, Vasc. 440. 1845; Phaseolus vexillatus L., Sp. Pl. 724. 1753.
Asia, Malesia, Australia, and Pacific Region. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
References: 3, 32, 72, 158, 417. Antilles (Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts,
Note: Phaseolus marinus was originally published by Burman and St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Tobago,
typified by an illustration in one of Rumphius’s works (Index Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World.
Alt. Herb. Amboin. 5: 391, tab. 141 fig. 2, 1750). However, this Common Names: Bejuco caracol, Bejuco marrullero, Caracol de cerca,
illustration represents the species that today bears the name Vigna Caracol real, Caracolillo de cerca, Clica de negra, Crica de negra,
luteola. Because the name V. marina has priority over V. luteola, Marrullero (Cuba), Canari (Dominican Republic), Frijol cimarrón
V. marina should replace it. Nevertheless, the name V. luteola (Puerto Rico).
could be maintained if the name V. marina was conserved with References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 72, 224.
a different type, so as to preserve the traditional use of both Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
names. In this treatment we use the traditional nomenclature in
Vilmorinia glyciphylla (Poir.) Urb. = Poitea glyciphylla (Poir.) Urb.
anticipation of a proposal to conserve the name V. marina with a
different type; considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Vilmorinia longiflora (Urb.) Urb. = Poitea longiflora Urb.
Vigna peduncularis Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 4: 68. 1920; Vilmorinia multiflora (Sw.) DC. = Poitea multiflora (Sw.) Urb.
Phaseolus peduncularis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Vilmorinia plumieri (Urb.) Urb. = Poitea multiflora (Sw.) Urb.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 447. 1824,
nom. illeg., non (Muhl.) W.P.C. Barton, 1818. Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thouars = Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.
Vouacapoua cubensis (Benth.) Kuntze = Andira cubensis Benth. Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth. var. major Sprague, Bot. Mag.
133: t. 8129. 1907.
Wenderothia altipendula Piper = Canavalia altipendula (Piper) Standl.
Lysiloma marchiana Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 223. 1860.
Zapoteca caracasana (Jacq.) H.M. Hern., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
73: 757. 1987 [“1986”]; Mimosa caracasana Jacq., Collectanea (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Martinique),
4: 142. 1791 [“1790”]; Calliandra caracasana (Jacq.) Benth., Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
London J. Bot. 3: 99. 1844. Common Name: Granolino (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Margarita, and South References: 7, 19, 58, 61, 123, 315, 323, 413.
America.
Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.) H.M. Hern. subsp. flavida (Urb.) H.M.
References: 3, 5, 7, 158, 231, 413.
Hern., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 825. 1989; Calliandra flavida
Zapoteca caracasana sensu D’Arcy = Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 4. 1931. Type: Grenada, Eggers 6226
H.M. Hern. subsp. portoricensis (Lectotype: US).
Zapoteca formosa (Kunth) H.M. Hern., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 73: Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Mexico, Central
757. 1987 [“1986”]; Acacia formosa Kunth, Mimoses 102. 1822; America and South America; exotic in Africa.
Anneslia formosa (Kunth) Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 159. References: 152, 413.
1920; Calliandra formosa (Kunth) Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 98. Zornia arenicola Bal.-Tul. & P. Herrera, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 19:
1844; Feuilleea formosa (Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 187. 211. 1988.
1891. Type: Mexico, Bonpland 4288 (Holotype: P). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Anneslia orientalis Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 69. 1928; Reference: 12.
Calliandra orientalis (Britton & Rose) León, Contr. Ocas. Mus.
Zornia dichotoma Bal.-Tul. & P. Herrera, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 23:
447. 1988.
Calliandra gracilis Klotzsch ex Baker, Refug. Bot. (Saunders) 5: t. 294.
1871.
Reference: 149.
Calliandra marginata Griseb. ex R.O. Williams, Fl. Trinidad & Tobago
1: 299. 1931. Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 318. 1807; Hedysarum
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and diphyllum L., Sp. Pl. 747. 1753.
South America. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Margarita; native to Asia.
References: 3, 175, 413. Common Name: Trencilla (Cuba).
References: 3, 5, 158, 323.
Zapoteca formosa (Kunth) H.M. Hern. subsp. gracilis (Griseb.) H.M.
Hern. = Zapoteca gracilis (Griseb.) Bässler Zornia gemella Vogel, Linnaea 12: 61. 1838.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Zapoteca gracilis (Griseb.) Bässler, Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A. Pl. Vasc. 2:
(Martinique), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
156. 1998; Calliandra gracilis Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 180. 1860;
References: 1, 12, 58, 158, 567.
Zapoteca formosa (Kunth) H.M. Hern. subsp. gracilis (Griseb.)
H.M. Hern., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 847. 1989. Type: Zornia havanensis A. Rich. = Zornia reticulata Sm.
Cuba, Wright 151 (Lectotype: GH). Zornia latifolia Sm. in A. Rees, Cycl. 39: n. 4. 1819.
Anneslia cubensis (J.F. Macbr.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 68. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Barbados) and South America.
1928; Calliandra formosa (Kunth) Benth. var. cubensis J.F. Macbr., Reference: 294.
Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 4. 1919; Calliandra cubensis (J.F. Macbr.)
León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 7. Zornia microphylla Desv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 4: 324. 1826.
1950. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Anneslia grisebachii Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(1): 67. 1928; Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
Calliandra grisebachii (Britton & Rose) Standl., Publ. Field Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Trinidad and Tobago.
Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser., 3(3): 277. 1930. References: 1, 3, 7, 12, 567.
Calliandra comosa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 83: 1866, non (Sw.) Benth. Zornia myriadena Benth. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(1): 85. 1859.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands, Myriadenus tetraphyllus (L.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1: 121. 1813; Zornia
Cuba, and Hispaniola. tetraphylla (L.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 4: 31. 1920.
References: 3, 4, 7, 175, 413. Zornia sloanei Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 72. 1866.
Zapoteca nervosa (Urb.) H.M. Hern., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, and South America.
808. 1989; Pithecellobium nervosum Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 257. References: 2, 3, 12, 567.
1900; Calliandra nervosa (Urb.) Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): Zornia reticulata Sm. in A. Rees, Cycl. 39: n. 2. 1819.
27. 1928. Type: Haiti, Picarda 1362 (Lectotype: NY). Zornia havanensis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Vasc. 423. 1845.
References: 5, 7, 158, 413. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.) H.M. Hern., Ann. Missouri Bot. Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Montserrat,
Gard. 73: 757. 1987 [“1986”] subsp. portoricensis; Mimosa St. Kitts), Trinidad, United States (AZ, TX), Mexico, Central
portoricensis Jacq., Collectanea 4: 143. 1791 [“1790”]; Acacia America, and South America.
portoricensis (Jacq.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1069. 1806; Anneslia Common Name: Zarzabacoa de dos hojas (Puerto Rico).
portoricensis (Jacq.) Donn. Sm., Enum. Pl. Guatem. 2: 18. 1891; References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, 58, 131, 158, 567.
Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 99. Zornia sloanei Griseb. = Zornia myriadena Benth.
1844; Feuilleea portoricensis (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1:
Zornia tetraphylla (L.) Fawc. & Rendle = Zornia myriadena Benth.
184. 1891. Type: Puerto Rico, Bredmeyer 16 (neo: B-W).
Acacia leucocephala sensu Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 139. 1826, non Zygia latifolia (L.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 4: 150. 1920, var.
Link. latifolia; Mimosa latifolia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1310. 1759;
number 9 8 • 471
Calliandra latifolia (L.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 225. 1860; Feuilleea Glycine jamaicensis Guss. ex Colla, Hortus Ripul. App. 3: 37. 1826.
latifolia (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 188. 1891; Inga latifolia Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
(L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1020. 1806; Pithecellobium latifolium (L.) Reference: 152.
Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 214. 1844. Note: A name indexed by IPNI, but not used by modern botanists.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Phaseolus sclaraeoides Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 27. 1760.
Grenada, Martinique, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico, Central Reference: 151.
America, and South America; exotic in Jamaica. Note: A name not used by modern botanists.
Common Names: Hoop wood, Horse wood (Jamaica), Acacia rivière,
Pois-doux bâtard, Pois-doux rivière (Lesser Antilles). Vigna juruana (Harms) Verdc., Kew Bull. 24: 540. 1970
Note: Reported for Puerto Rico based on the erroneous identification of
Zygia saman (Jacq.) A. Lyons = Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. a specimen of Vigna luteola (Alain 27987).
EXCLUDED AND DOUBTFUL NAMES
Acacia tenuifolia (L.) Willd. var. veraensis Kitan., God. Sofiisk. Univ. Lentibulariaceae
Biol. Fak., 2 Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast. 64(2): 60. 1972.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Genera. Total: 3; native: 3; endemic: 0.
Note: This is a taxon not known to us, as we could not locate the type.
Calliandra urbanii Alain, Brittonia 20: 157. 1968. = Unknown identity, Biovularia olivacea (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kamieński = Utricularia
not a Calliandra fide Barneby (116). olivacea C. Wright ex Griseb.
Cassia glaucescens Hoffmanns., Zweit. & Dritt. Nacht. Verz. Pfl.-Kult. Drosera incisa A. Rich. = Utricularia incisa (A. Rich.) Alain
1: 209. 1824. Genlisea filiformis A. St.-Hil., Voy, Distr. Diam. 2: 430. 1833.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Genlisea luteoviridis C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
References: 151, 152. Habana 6: 314. 1870.
Note: A name with unknown application. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Central America, and South America.
Clitoria pudica Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 386. 1840. References: 3, 355.
Reference: 152. Genlisea luteoviridis C. Wright = Genlisea filiformis St.-Hill.
Note: A name not used by modern botanists.
Pinguicula albida C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 162. 1866.
Crotalaria havanensis Guss., Linnaea 4(Lit.): 36. 1829. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Note: A name not known to modern botanists. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Desmodium denudatum DC., Mém. Legum. 6: 325. 1825. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Pinguicula benedicta Barnhart, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 110. 1920.
Note: A name of dubious application. References: 3, 39, 156.
Galactia parvifolia A. Rich. var. heterophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
315. 1900. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola. Pinguicula bissei Casper, Wulfenia 11: 8. 2004.
Note: A name not used by modern botanists. Reference: 149.
Galactia parvifolia A. Rich. var. monophylla (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Pinguicula caryophyllacea Casper, Wulfenia 11: 8. 2004.
Antill. 2: 315. 1900; Galactia angustifolia Kunth var. monophylla Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 75. 1866. Reference: 149.
Pinguicula casabitoana J. Jiménez Alm., Rhodora 62: 238. 1960.
Reference: 30.
Pinguicula cladophila A. Ernst, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 80: 175. 1961.
Note: A name not used by modern botanists.
Galactia parvifolia A. Rich. var. triphylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 314. Reference: 7.
1900.
Pinguicula cladophila A. Ernst = Pinguicula casabitoana J. Jiménez
Galactia angustifolia sensu Griseb. in part, Cat. Pl. Cub. 75. 1866, non
Alm.
Kunth.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Pinguicula cubensis Urquiola & Casper, Willdenowia 33: 170. 2003.
Note: A name not used by modern botanists. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Galactia regularis (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., Prelim. Cat. 14.
1888; Dolichos regularis L., Sp. Pl. 726. 1753. Pinguicula filifolia C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 162. 1866.
Galactia angustifolia Kunth var. retusa C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cub. 75. 1866. Common Name: Grasilla (Cuba).
Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America. References: 3, 39.
Reference: 30. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Note: A name not used by modern botanists. Cuba (39).
Pinguicula infundibuliformis Casper, Haussknechtia 9: 144. 2003. Utricularia hydrocarpa Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 200. 1804.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Utricularia vaga Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 161. 1866.
Reference: 149. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South
America.
Pinguicula jackii Barnhart, Addisonia 15: 61. 1931.
References: 3, 39.
Cuba (39).
Cuba (39). Utricularia incisa (A. Rich.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 20. 1956; Drosera incisa A. Rich. in
Pinguicula jaraguana Casper, Haussknechtia 9: 141. 2003.
R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 102. 1845.
Utricularia porphyrophylla C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 162.
Reference: 149.
1866.
Pinguicula lignicola Barnhart, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 110. 1920. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 39, 156. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba (39).
Cuba (39).
Utricularia jamesoniana Oliv., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4 (Suppl.): 169.
Pinguicula lithophytica Panpet & P. Temple, Carniv. Pl. Newslett. 1860.
37(3): 92. 2008. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Guadeloupe, Martinique) and South America.
Pinguicula pumila Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 11. 1803. Utricularia juncea Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 202. 1804; Stomoisia juncea
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America. (Vahl) Barnhart, Fl. Miami 171. 1913.
Common Name: Low butterwort (Bahamas). Utricularia pumila Walter, Fl. Carol. 64. 1788.
Reference: 45. Utricularia sclerocarpa C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Setiscapella pusilla (Vahl) Barnhart ex Britton & P. Wilson = Utricularia Méd. Habana 6: 315. 1870.
pusilla Vahl Utricularia simplex C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Habana 6: 315. 1870.
Stomoisia juncea (Vahl) Barnhart = Utricularia juncea Vahl Utricularia virgatula Barnhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 580. 1908;
Utricularia alpina Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 11. 1760. Utricularia juncea Vahl f. virgatula (Barnhart) Fernald, Rhodora
Utricularia montana Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 7. 1763. 48: 60. 1946.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, North America,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Vincent), Central America, and South America. References: 3, 7, 127.
References: 1, 2, 123, 323. Utricularia juncea Vahl f. virgatula (Barnhart) Fernald = Utricularia
Utricularia breviscapa C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 161. 1866. juncea Vahl
Distribution: Native to Cuba and South America. Utricularia mixta Barnhart = Utricularia foliosa L.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Utricularia montana Jacq. = Utricularia alpina Jacq.
Cuba (39). Utricularia obtusa Sw. = Utricularia gibba L.
Utricularia cleistogama (A. Gray) Britton = Utricularia subulata L. Utricularia olivacea C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 161.
Utricularia cornuta Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 12. 1803. 1866; Biovularia olivacea (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kam., Zap.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, and North America. Novorossijsk. Obsc. Estestvoisp. 15(Mem. 1): 205. 1890.
References: 3, 45, 127. Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, Central America, and
South America.
Utricularia foliosa L., Sp. Pl. 18. 1753. References: 3, 39, 127.
Utricularia mixta Barnhart, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 111. 1920. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, North Cuba (39).
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 127. Utricularia peckii S.F. Blake = Utricularia guyanensis A. DC.
Utricularia gibba L., Sp. Pl. 18. 1753. Utricularia porphyrophylla C. Wright ex Griseb. = Utricularia incisa
Utricularia obtusa Sw., Prodr. 14. 1788. (A. Rich.) Alain
Utricularia spirandra C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 161. 1866. Utricularia pumila Walter = Utricularia juncea Vahl
Utricularia purpurea Walter, Fl. Carol. 64. 1788.
Rico, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, North America,
Galante, Martinique, St. Barthélemy )North America, Mexico,
References: 2, 3, 39, 45, 127.
Common Name: Cone-spur bladderwort (Bahamas).
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 45, 58, 61, 151.
Cuba (39).
Utricularia guyanensis A. DC., Prodr. 8: 11. 1844.
Utricularia pusilla Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 202. 1804; Setiscapella pusilla
Utricularia peckii S.F. Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 90. 1917.
(Vahl) Barnhart ex Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
Distribution: Cited for Puerto Rico by Liogier (58), but not confirm by
Taylor (127).
Reference: 58.
number 9 8 • 473
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Lesser Antilles (Dominica), Mexico, Central America, and South Reference: 174.
America. Linum curtissii Small = Linum medium (Planch.) Britton var. texanum
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 61, 127. (Planch.) Fernald
Utricularia resupinata B.D. Greene ex Bigelow, Fl. Boston, ed. 3, 10. Linum floridanum (Planch.) Trel., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 5: 13.
1840. 1887; Linum virginianum L. var. floridanum Planch., London
Distribution: Native to Cuba, North America, and Central America. J. Bot. 7: 480. 1848.
References: 3, 39, 127. Cathartolinum jamaicense Small, Torreya 13: 63. 1913; Linum
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of jamaicense (Small) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 4: 159. 1920.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Native to Jamaica and United States.
Utricularia sclerocarpa C. Wright = Utricularia juncea Vahl References: 2, 150, 151.
Utricularia simplex C. Wright = Utricularia juncea Vahl Linum humile Mill. = Linum usitatissimum L. subsp. humile (Mill.)
Chernom.
Utricularia simulans Pilg., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 189.
1914. Linum jamaicense (Small) Fawc. & Rendle = Linum floridanum
Distribution: Native to Cuba and South America. (Planch.) Trel.
References: 39, 74, 127, 150. Linum medium (Planch.) Britton in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of N. U.S. 2: 349. 1897, var. medium; Linum virginianum L. var.
Cuba (39). medium Planch., London J. Bot. 7: 480. 1848.
Utricularia spirandra C. Wright ex Griseb. = Utricularia gibba L. Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America.
Common Name: Sucker flax (Bahamas).
Utricularia subulata L., Sp. Pl. 18. 1753; Setiscapella subulata (L.)
Barnhart, Fl. Miami 170. 1913.
Utricularia subulata L. var. cleistogama A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): Linum medium (Planch.) Britton var. texanum (Planch.) Fernald,
317. 1878; Utricularia cleistogama (A. Gray) Britton, Trans. New Rhodora 37: 428. 1935; Linum virginianum L. var. texanum
York Acad. Sci. 9: 12. 1889. Planch., London J. Bot. 7: 480. 1848.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Linum curtissii Small, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 424. 1905.
Rico, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America.
Common Name: Grasilla (Puerto Rico). References: 150, 159, 254.
References: 2, 3, 7, 45, 58, 127, 151. Linum usitatissimum L., Sp. Pl. 277. 1753, subsp. usitatissimum
Utricularia subulata L. var. cleistogama A. Gray = Utricularia subulata L. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Old World.
Common Name: Lino (Cuba).
Utricularia vaga Griseb. = Utricularia hydrocarpa Vahl
References: 3, 224.
Utricularia virgatula Barnhart = Utricularia juncea Vahl Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Linum usitatissimum L. subsp. humile (Mill.) Chernom., Sborn.
Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 113: 58. 1987.
Linaceae
Linum humile Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Old World.
Common Name: Lino (Dominican Republic).
References: 7, 123.
Cathartolinum bahamense (Northr.) Small = Linum bahamense Northr. Linum virginianum L. var. floridanum Planch. = Linum floridanum
var. bahamense (Planch.) Trel.
Cathartolinum bracei Small = Linum bahamense Northr. var. bahamense Linum virginianum L. var. medium Planch. = Linum medium (Planch.)
Cathartolinum jamaicense Small = Linum floridanum (Planch.) Trel. Britton var. medium
Linum bahamense Northr., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 42. 1902, var. Linum virginianum L. var. texanum Planch. = Linum medium (Planch.)
bahamense; Cathartolinum bahamense (Northr.) Small, N. Amer. Britton var. texanum (Planch.) Fernald
Fl. 25(1): 75. 1907.
Linum bahamense Northr. var. bracei (Small) C.M. Rogers, Brittonia
15: 107. 1963; Cathartolinum bracei Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25(1): Linderniaceae
75. 1907.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. Genera. Total: 4; native: 3; endemic: 0.
Linum bahamense Northr. var. bracei (Small) C.M. Rogers = Linum Amphiolanthus arenarioides Griseb. = Micranthemum arenarioides
bahamense Northr. var. bahamense (Griseb.) M. Gómez
Linum bahamense Northr. var. corallicola (Small) C.M. Rogers, Amphiolanthus bryoides Griseb. = Micranthemum bryoides (Griseb.)
Brittonia 15: 107. 1963; Linum bahamense Northr. f. corallicola M. Gómez
(Small) C.M. Rogers, Rhodora 70: 440. 1968.
Amphiolanthus longipes Urb. = Micranthemum longipes (Urb.)
Acev.-Rodr.
Common Name: Rock flax (Bahamas).
Reference: 45. Bonnaya alterniflora C. Wright = Lindernia alterniflora (C. Wright)
Alain
Linum cubense Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 5(2): 147.
1984. Capraria crustacea L. = Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell.
Globifera adenandra (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze = Micranthemum Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
callitrichoides (Griseb.) C. Wright (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St.
Lucia, St. Vincent), United States, Mexico, Central America, and
Globifera arenarioides (Griseb.) Kuntze = Micranthemum arenarioides
South America; native to Asia, Malesia, and Australia.
(Griseb.) M. Gómez
Common Name: Cresson bâtard (Lesser Antilles).
Globifera bryoides (Griseb.) Kuntze = Micranthemum bryoides References: 1, 2, 3, 58, 112, 159, 242, 243, 245.
(Griseb.) M. Gómez
Lindernia dianthera Sw. = Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small
Globifera erosa (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze = Micranthemum (Plantaginaceae)
reflexum (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright
Lindernia diffusa (L.) Wettst. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat.
Globifera punctata (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze = Micranthemum Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 79. 1891; Vandellia diffusa L., Mant. Pl. 1:
callitrichoides (Griseb.) C. Wright 89. 1767.
Globifera trisetosa (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze = Micranthemum Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
reflexum (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua,
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Nevis,
Globifera umbrosa J.F. Gmel. = Micranthemum umbrosum (J.F. Gmel.) St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South
S.F. Blake America.
Hemianthus adenander C. Wright ex Griseb. = Micranthemum Common Name: Herbe à tisane (Lesser Antilles).
callitrichoides (Griseb.) C. Wright References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 58, 242, 243, 245.
Hemianthus callitrichoides Griseb. = Micranthemum callitrichoides Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 1:
(Griseb.) C. Wright 141. 1935, var. dubia; Gratiola dubia L., Sp. Pl. 17. 1753; Ilysanthes
dubia (L.) Barnhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 376. 1899.
Hemianthus elatinoides Griseb. = Micranthemum callitrichoides
Gratiola domingensis C.F. Gaertn., Suppl. Carp. 189. 1807.
(Griseb.) C. Wright
Ilysanthes gratioloides (L.) Benth. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 10:
Hemianthus erosus C. Wright ex Griseb. = Micranthemum reflexum 419. 1846.
(C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, North America,
Hemianthus micranthemoides sensu Griseb. = Micranthemum and South America.
callitrichoides (Griseb.) C. Wright Common Name: Yerba graciosa (Puerto Rico).
References: 3, 7, 58, 131, 242, 243, 245, 254.
Hemianthus multiflorus C. Wright ex Griseb. = Micranthemum
callitrichoides (Griseb.) C. Wright Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. anagallidea (Michx.) Cooperr.,
Castanea 41: 224. 1976; Lindernia anagallidea (Michx.) Pennell,
Hemianthus punctatus C. Wright ex Griseb. = Micranthemum Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 1: 152. 1935.
callitrichoides (Griseb.) C. Wright Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America.
Hemianthus reflexus C. Wright ex Griseb. = Micranthemum reflexum References: 150, 242, 243, 245.
(C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright Lindernia microcalyx Pennell & Stehlé in H. Stehlé & L. Quentin, Fl.
Hemianthus tetrandrus (C. Wright) Pennell = Micranthemum Guadeloupe Dépend. 2(1): 217. 1938 [“1937”].
tetrandrum C. Wright Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Martinique ) and South America.
Hemianthus trisetosus C. Wright ex Griseb. = Micranthemum reflexum
Common Names: Cresson bâtard, Petite teigne (Lesser Antilles).
(C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright
References: 1, 242, 243, 245.
Hemisiphonia antillana Urb. = Micranthemum callitrichoides (Griseb.)
Lindernia multicaulis (Urb.) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
C. Wright
Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 13. 1956; Ilysanthes multicaulis Urb.,
Ilysanthes dubia (L.) Barnhart = Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 44. 1931.
Ilysanthes gratioloides (L.) Benth. = Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
dubia References: 3, 39, 242, 243, 245.
Ilysanthes multicaulis Urb. = Lindernia multicaulis (Urb.) Alain Cuba (39).
Ilysanthes rotundifolia (L.) Benth. = Lindernia rotundifolia (L.) Alston Lindernia rotundifolia (L.) Alston, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): 214.
Lindernia alterniflora (C. Wright) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. 1931; Ilysanthes rotundifolia (L.) Benth. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle,
Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 15: 13. 1956; Bonnaya alterniflora Prodr. 10: 420. 1846.
C. Wright, Fl. Cub. 101. 1873. Virchowia cubensis Bartl. & Schenk, Sel. Sem. Wirceb. Adn. Crit. 1. 1852.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Jamaica.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Micranthemum adenander (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright =
Cuba (39). Micranthemum callitrichoides (Griseb.) C. Wright
Lindernia anagallidea (Michx.) Pennell = Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell Micranthemum arenarioides (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp.
var. anagallidea (Michx.) Cooperr. Hist. Nat. 23: 277. 1894; Amphiolanthus arenarioides Griseb.,
Lindernia brucei R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 56: 454. 1975. Cat. Pl. Cub. 187. 1866; Globifera arenarioides (Griseb.) Kuntze,
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent). Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 461. 1891.
Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell., Syst. Census Austral. Pl. 1: 97.
1882; Capraria crustacea L., Mant. Pl. 1: 87. 1767; Vandellia Micranthemum bryoides (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist.
crustacea (L.) Benth., Scroph. Ind. 35. 1835. Nat. 23: 277. 1894; Amphiolanthus bryoides Griseb., Cat. Pl.
number 9 8 • 475
Cub. 186. 1866; Globifera bryoides (Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Pl. 2: 461. 1891. References: 3, 245.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Micranthemum rotundatum C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 184.
References: 3, 49, 245. 1866.
Micranthemum callitrichoides (Griseb.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Anal. Acad. Ci. Med. Habana 7: 40. 1870; Hemianthus References: 3, 39, 245.
callitrichoides Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 522. 1862. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Hemianthus adenander C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 185. 1866; Cuba (39).
Micranthemum adenander (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright Micranthemum tetrandrum C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad.
in F.A. Sauvalle, Anal. Acad. Ci. Med. Habana 7: 40. 1870; Ci. Méd. Habana 7: 41. 1870; Hemianthus tetrandrus (C. Wright)
Globifera adenandra (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 75: 16. 1923.
Pl. 2: 461. 1891. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Hemianthus elatinoides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 185. 1866; Reference: 3.
Micranthemum elatinoides (Griseb.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle,
Anal. Acad. Ci. Med. Habana 7: 40. 1870. Micranthemum trisetosum (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright =
Hemianthus micranthemoides sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 184. 1866, Micranthemum reflexum (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright
non Nutt. Micranthemum umbrosum (J.F. Gmel.) S.F. Blake, Rhodora 17: 131.
Hemianthus multiflorus C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 185. 1866; 1915; Globifera umbrosa J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2(1): 32. 1791.
Micranthemum multiflorum (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright in Micranthemum orbiculatum Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 10. 1803.
F.A. Sauvalle, Anal. Acad. Ci. Med. Habana 7: 40. 1870. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Hemianthus punctatus C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 184. 1866; (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, St. Lucia), United States,
Micranthemum punctatum (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright Mexico, Central America, and South America.
in F.A. Sauvalle, Anal. Acad. Ci. Med. Habana 7: 40. 1870; References: 1, 3, 7, 58, 61, 245.
Globifera punctata (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.
Torenia asiatica L., Sp. Pl. 619. 1753.
2: 461. 1891.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola.
Hemisiphonia antillana Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 41. 1909.
Common Names: Pensamiento chino, Torenia, Violeta china (Cuba),
Micranthemum ciliolatum C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Pensamiento del pobre (Dominican Republic).
Méd. Habana 7: 41. 1870.
References: 7, 132, 242, 243, 245.
Micranthemum orbiculatum sensu Benth. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle,
Prodr. 10: 423. 1846, non Michx. Torenia fournieri Linden ex E. Fourn., Ill. Hort. 23: 129. 1876.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola.
Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. Common Name: Pensamiento del pobre (Dominican Republic).
Common Name: Water-starwort (Bahamas). References: 7, 150, 242, 243, 245.
References: 2, 3, 7, 45, 150, 245. Vandellia crustacea (L.) Benth. = Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell.
Micranthemum ciliolatum C. Wright = Micranthemum callitrichoides Vandellia diffusa L. = Lindernia diffusa (L.) Wettst.
(Griseb.) C. Wright
Virchowia cubensis Bartl. & Schenk = Lindernia rotundifolia (L.) Alston
Micranthemum elatinoides (Griseb.) C. Wright = Micranthemum
callitrichoides (Griseb.) C. Wright
Micranthemum longipes (Urb.) Acev.-Rodr., comb. nov; Amphiolanthus Loasaceae
longipes Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 42. 1931.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Genera. Total: 4; native: 4; endemic: 1.
Reference: 245. Taxa. Total: 5; native: 5; endemic: 2.
Micranthemum multiflorum (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright = *Fuertesia domingensis Urb., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 28: 522. 1911.
Micranthemum callitrichoides (Griseb.) C. Wright Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Micranthemum orbiculatum Michx. = Micranthemum umbrosum (J.F. Common Names: Mala mujer (Dominican Republic), Liane piquente
Gmel.) S.F. Blake (Haiti).
References: 5, 7.
Micranthemum orbiculatum sensu Benth. = Micranthemum
callitrichoides (Griseb.) C. Wright Klaprothia fasciculata (C. Presl) Poston = Sclerothrix fasciculata
C. Presl
Micranthemum punctatum (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright =
Micranthemum callitrichoides (Griseb.) C. Wright Loasa plumieri Urb., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 28: 515. 1911.
Micranthemum reflexum (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright in
Common Name: Tomatico (Dominican Republic).
F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 7: 41. 1870;
References: 5, 7.
Hemianthus reflexus C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 186.
1866. Mentzelia aspera L., Sp. Pl. 516. 1753.
Hemianthus erosus C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 184. 1866; Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Globifera erosa (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: Antilles (St. Lucia), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico,
461. 1891. Central America, and South America.
Hemianthus trisetosus C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 185. 1866; Common Names: Colle-colle, Feuilles chat, Frappe-frappe, Petit-colle,
Micranthemum trisetosum (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright Ti-colle (Haiti), Pegadora (Puerto Rico).
in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 7: 40. 1870; References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 131, 151, 323.
Globifera trisetosa (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. Mentzelia floridana Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 533.
2: 461. 1891. 1840.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and United States (FL). Spigelia nana Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 22: 116.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, United States (TX), and Mexico.
Sclerothrix fasciculata C. Presl, Symb. Bot. 2: 4. 1834; Klaprothia
References: 3, 13.
fasciculata (C. Presl) Poston, Syst. Bot. 15: 677. 1990.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and South America. Spigelia humilis Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 240. 1841.
References: 5, 7. Spigelia ambigua C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Habana 7: 102. 1870.
Loganiaceae References: 3, 13, 39, 151.
Genera. Total: 4; native: 4; endemic: 0. Cuba (39).
Taxa. Total: 9; native: 8; endemic: 2. Spigelia nana Alain = Spigelia hedyotidea A. DC.
Cynoctonum mitreola (L.) Britton = Mitreola petiolata (J.F. Gmel.) Spigelia spartioides Griseb. ex C. Wright = Spigelia sphagnicola
Torr. & A. Gray C. Wright
Cynoctonum petiolatum J.F. Gmel. = Mitreola petiolata (J.F. Gmel.) Spigelia sphagnicola C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Torr. & A. Gray Habana 6: 176. 1869.
Spigelia blainii Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser., 1(6):
Cynoctonum sessilifolium J.F. Gmel. = Mitreola sessilifolia (J.F. Gmel.)
432. 1900.
G. Don
Spigelia spartioides Griseb. ex C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad.
Mitreola petiolata (J.F. Gmel.) Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 45. Ci. Méd. Habana 7: 102. 1870.
1841; Cynoctonum petiolatum J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2(1): 443. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
1791. References: 3, 13, 156.
Ophiorrhiza mitreola L., Sp. Pl. 150. 1753; Cynoctonum mitreola (L.)
Strychnos grayi Griseb., Pl. Wright. 2: 519. 1862.
Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 258. 1894.
Lisianthius chelonoides sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10:
Common Names: Manca montero, Mata montero, Zarza cimarrona
299. 1881, non Nees.
(Cuba).
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Lucia), United States, Mexico, Central
America, and South America; exotic in Jamaica. Strychnos nuxvomica L., Sp. Pl. 189. 1753.
Common Names: Mitrewort (Jamaica), Milles-graines (Lesser Antilles). Distribution: Exotic in Cuba.
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 13, 45, 58, 151, 340. Reference: 13.
Mitreola sessilifolia (J.F. Gmel.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 171. 1837-1838;
Cynoctonum sessilifolium J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2(1):443. 1791.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and United States.
Loranthaceae
Reference: 45. By J. Kuijt
Polypremum procumbens L., Sp. Pl. 111. 1753. Genera. Total: 4; native: 4; endemic: 1.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Aruba, Taxa. Total: 32; native: 32; endemic: 31.
United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 2, 3, 13, 45, 58, 151. *Dendropemon acutifolius Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 56. 1930.
Spigelia ambigua C. Wright = Spigelia humilis Benth. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 531.
Spigelia anthelmia L., Sp. Pl. 149. 1753.
Spigelia domingensis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70: 921. 1923. *Dendropemon alatus Tiegh., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 42: 170. 1895;
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Phthirusa alata (Tiegh.) Engl. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1: 135. 1897.
John, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Martinique, References: 5, 7, 531.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. *Dendropemon angustifolius Kuijt., Syst. Bot, Mon. 92: 24. 2011.
Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, South America, and Reference: 531.
Old World. Note: Known only from the type collection.
Common Names: Pink (Bahamas), Espigelia, Yerba de las lombrices,
Dendropemon bahamensis Britton = Dendropemon loranthoideus
Yerba lombricera (Cuba), Espigelia, Lombricera, Yerba de
(Baill.) Tiegh.
lombrices, Yerba lombricera (Dominican Republic), Pink weed,
Worm grass (Jamaica), Brin villier, Brinvilliers (Lesser Antilles), Dendropemon barahonensis Urb. = Dendropemon emarginatus (Sw.)
Yerba lombricera (Puerto Rico), Waterweed, Worm-grass (Virgin Steud.
Islands). *Dendropemon bicolor Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 24. 1897;
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 13, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 301, 323. Phthirusa bicolor (Krug & Urb.) Engl. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E.
Spigelia blainii Millsp. = Spigelia sphagnicola C. Wright Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1: 135. 1897.
Loranthus americanus sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 278.
Spigelia domingensis Gand. = Spigelia anthelmia L.
1881, non L.
Spigelia hedyotidea A. DC., Prodr. 9: 7. 1845. Loranthus emarginatus sensu DC., Prodr. 4: 288. 1830, non Sw.
number 9 8 • 477
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. *Dendropemon dimorphus Kuijt., Syst. Bot, Mon. 92: 45. 2011.
Common Names: Hicaquillo, Muérdago (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
*Dendropemon bistratus (Urb.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 23. 1926; Dendropemon domingensis (Desv. ex Ham.) Tiegh. = Phoradendron
Phthirusa bistrata Urb., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 496. trinervium (Lam.) Griseb. (Santalaceae)
1921. *Dendropemon elegans Kuijt., Syst. Bot, Mon. 92: 47. 2011.
Dendropemon brachycarpus (Krug & Urb.) Urb. = Dendropemon *Dendropemon emarginatus (Sw.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 491.
loranthoideus (Baill.) Tiegh. 1840; Phthirusa emarginata (Sw.) Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl.
Dendropemon brevipes Britton = Dendropemon purpureus (L.) Krug Bras. 5(2): 55. 1868.
& Urb. Dendropemon haitiensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 54. 1930.
Dendropemon barahonensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 55. 1930.
*Dendropemon caribaeus Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 27.
1897; Phthirusa caribaea (Krug & Urb.) Engl. in H.G.A. Engler
References: 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 366, 531.
& K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1: 135. 1897;
Struthanthus caribaeus (Krug & Urb.) Stehlé, Mém. Soc. Bot. Dendropemon emarginatus (Sw.) Steud. var. abbreviatus Krug & Urb. =
France 1953-54: 32. 1954. Dendropemon confertiflorus (Krug & Urb.) Leiva & I. Arias
Loranthus occidentalis Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 83. 1894, nom. Dendropemon emarginatus (Sw.) Steud. var. brachycarpus Krug & Urb.
illeg. = Dendropemon loranthoides (Baill.) Tiegh.
Dendropemon caribaeus Krug & Urb. var. wabyanus Krug & Urb.,
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 27. 1897. Dendropemon emarginatus (Sw.) Steud. var. confertiflorus Krug & Urb.
Dendropemon sintenisii Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 25. 1897; = Dendropemon confertiflorus (Krug & Urb.) Leiva & I. Arias
Phthirusa sintenisii (Krug & Urb.) Engl. in H.G.A. Engler & Dendropemon emarginatus (Sw.) Steud. var. lepidotus Krug & Urb. =
K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1: 135. 1897. Dendropemon lepidotus (Krug & Urb.) Leiva & I. Arias
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Puerto Rico,
*Dendropemon fuscus Kuijt., Syst. Bot, Mon. 92: 52. 2011.
Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola,
Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados,
Reference: 531.
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat,
St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent). Dendropemon gonavensis Urb. = Dendropemon loranthoideus (Baill.)
Common Names: Pimprenelle, Roi de l’arbre, Teigne rouge (Lesser Tiegh.
Antilles), Capitana, Parásita (Puerto Rico), Coffee mistletoe Dendropemon haitiensis Urb. & Ekman = Dendropemon emarginatus
(Virgin Islands). (Sw.) Steud.
References: 1, 6, 19, 58, 61, 131.
Dendropemon harrisii Urb. = Dendropemon pauciflorus (Sw.) Tiegh.
Dendropemon caribaeus Krug & Urb. var. wabyanus Krug & Urb. =
Dendropemon caribaeus Krug & Urb. *Dendropemon hincheanus Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 53.
1930.
*Dendropemon caymanensis Proctor, Phytologia 35: 403. 1977. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Distribution: Endemic to Cayman Islands. References: 5, 7, 531.
References: 4, 531.
*Dendropemon lepidotus (Krug & Urb.) Leiva & I. Arias, Revista
Dendropemon claraensis Leiva = Dendropemon platypus Urb. Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 4(1): 43. 1983; Dendropemon
*Dendropemon coloratus Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 23. 1926. emarginatus (Sw.) Steud. var. lepidotus Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Syst. 24: 25. 1897.
References: 5, 7, 531. Dendropemon lepidotus (Krug & Urb.) Leiva & I. Arias subsp.
cajalbanensis Leiva & I. Arias, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ.
*Dendropemon confertiflorus (Krug & Urb.) Leiva & I. Arias, Revista
Habana 4(1): 44. 1983.
Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 4(1): 37. 1983; Dendropemon
Dendropemon lepidotus (Krug & Urb.) Leiva & I. Arias subsp.
emarginatus (Sw.) Steud. var. confertiflorus Krug & Urb., Bot.
insularis Leiva & I. Arias, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 4:
Jahrb. Syst. 24: 25. 1897.
43. 1983.
Dendropemon emarginatus (Sw.) Steud. var. abbreviatus Krug & Urb.,
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 25. 1897.
Common Name: Palo caballero (Cuba).
Common Name: Cepa caballero (Cuba).
References: 3, 152, 531. Dendropemon lepidotus (Krug & Urb.) Leiva & I. Arias subsp.
cajalbanensis Leiva & I. Arias = Dendropemon lepidotus (Krug &
*Dendropemon constantiae Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 20.
Urb.) Leiva & I. Arias
1897; Phthirusa constantiae (Krug & Urb.) Engl. in H.G.A. Engler
& K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1: 135. 1897. Dendropemon lepidotus (Krug & Urb.) Leiva & I. Arias subsp.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). insularis Leiva & I. Arias = Dendropemon lepidotus (Krug &
Common Names: Conde, Conde de pino (Dominican Republic). Urb.) Leiva & I. Arias
References: 5, 7, 531. *Dendropemon linearis Alain, Phytologia 54: 101. 1983.
Dendropemon cubensis (Griseb.) Tiegh. = Dendropemon purpureus (L.) Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Krug & Urb. References: 7, 531.
*Dendropemon longipes Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 60. 1930. Type. Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Wright 2644. Reference: 531.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Dendropemon portoricensis Tiegh. = Notopleura guadalupensis (DC.)
References: 3, 366, 531. C.M. Taylor subsp. guadalupensis (Rubiaceae)
*Dendropemon loranthoideus (Baill.) Tiegh., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41: Dendropemon psilobotrys (DC.) Tiegh. = Dendropemon purpureus (L.)
70. 1894; Triarthron loranthoideum Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Krug & Urb.
Paris 2: 985. 1892.
Dendropemon emarginatus (Sw.) Steud. var. brachycarpus Krug & *Dendropemon purpureus (L.) Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 26.
Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 25. 1897; Dendropemon brachycarpus 1897; Phthirusa purpurea (L.) Engl. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E.
(Krug & Urb.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 24. 1926. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1: 135. 1897.
Dendropemon bahamensis Britton in N.L. Britton & C.F. Millspaugh, Dendropemon uniflorus (Jacq.) Blume in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes,
Bahama Fl. 109. 1920. Syst. Veg. 7: 1729. 1830; Loranthus uniflorus Jacq., Enum. Syst.
Phthirusa siegeri Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 65. 1927. Pl. 18. 1760; Phthirusa uniflora (Jacq.) Eichler in C.F.P. von
Dendropemon gonavensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 99. 1929. Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 55. 1868.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Hispaniola. Dendropemon psilobotrys (DC.) Tiegh., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41: 69.
Common Names: Bahama mistletoe (Bahamas); Cañuela (Dominican 1894; Loranthus psilobotrys DC., Prodr. 4: 293. 1830; Phthirusa
Republic). psilobotrys (DC.) Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 55.
References: 5, 7, 45, 149, 152, 366, 531. 1868.
Dendropemon cubensis (Griseb.) Tiegh., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41:
Dendropemon montanus (Macfad. ex Griseb.) Krug & Urb. = 69. 1894; Loranthus cubensis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 119. 1866;
Dendropemon pauciflorus (Sw.) Tiegh. Phthirusa cubensis (Griseb.) Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl.
*Dendropemon oblanceolatus Kuijt., Syst. Bot, Mon. 92: 66. 2011. Bras. 5(2): 55. 1868.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Dendropemon brevipes Britton in N.L. Britton & C.F. Millspaugh,
Reference: 531. Bahama Fl. 108. 1920.
Dendropemon silvae Leiva, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 6(3):
*Dendropemon oliganthus Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 204. 1912.
19. 1986 [“1985”].
References: 5, 7.
*Dendropemon parvifolius (Sw.) Blume ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. ed. Common Names: Smooth mistletoe (Bahamas), Caballero (Cuba),
2, 1: 491. 1840; Loranthus parvifolius Sw., Prodr. 58. 1788; Mounbin bata (Haiti), Caballero, Capitana, Hicaquillo, Pegapalo
Phthirusa parvifolia (Sw.) Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. (Puerto Rico).
5(2): 55. 1868. References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 149.
Dendropemon sessiliflorus Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 20. 1926.
*Dendropemon pycnophyllus Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 19.
1897; Phthirusa pycnophylla (Krug & Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 8:
Jamaica.
183. 1920.
References: 2, 5, 7, 366, 531.
*Dendropemon pauciflorus (Sw.) Tiegh., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41: Common Name: Conde de pino (Dominican Republic).
69. 1894; Loranthus pauciflorus Sw., Prodr. 58. 1788; Phthirusa References: 7, 531.
pauciflora (Sw.) Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 55.
*Dendropemon rigidus Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 56. 1930.
1868.
Loranthus montanus Macfad. ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 312. 1860;
References: 7, 531.
Dendropemon montanus (Macfad. ex Griseb.) Krug & Urb., Bot.
Jahrb. Syst. 24: 23. 1897. *Dendropemon robustus Kuijt., Syst. Bot, Mon. 92: 90. 2011.
Dendropemon harrisii Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 8. 1909. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
References: 2, 30, 531. *Dendropemon rostratus Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 203. 1912; Phthirusa
*Dendropemon picardae Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 20. 1897; rostrata (Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 185. 1920.
Phthirusa picardae (Krug & Urb.) Engl. in H.G.A. Engler & Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1: 135. 1897. Common Name: Gui (Haiti).
Dendropemon subsessilis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 331. 1907; Phthirusa References: 5, 7.
subsessilis (Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 184. 1920. Dendropemon sessiliflorus Urb. = Dendropemon parvifolius (Sw.)
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Blume ex Steud.
Common Names: Conde de guayabo, Conde guayabo (Dominican
Republic). Dendropemon silvae Leiva = Dendropemon purpureus (L.) Krug & Urb.
References: 5, 7, 531. Dendropemon sintenisii Krug & Urb. = Dendropemon caribaeus Krug
*Dendropemon platypus Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 57. 1930. Type. Cuba. & Urb.
Wright 7481. *Dendropemon spathulatus Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 57. 1930.
Dendropemon claraensis Leiva, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
5(3): 18. 1985 [“1984”]. References: 7, 531.
Dendropemon subsessilis Urb. = Dendropemon picardae Krug & Urb.
Dendropemon uniflorus (Jacq.) Blume = Dendropemon purpureus (L.)
*Dendropemon polycarpus Kuijt., Syst. Bot, Mon. 92: 79. 2011.
Krug & Urb.
number 9 8 • 479
Loranthus americanus sensu Bello = Dendropemon bicolor Krug & Urb. Phthirusa alata (Tiegh.) Engl. = Dendropemon alatus Tiegh.
Loranthus avicularis sensu Griseb. = Passovia jamaicensis (Krug & Phthirusa bicolor (Krug & Urb.) Engl. = Dendropemon bicolor Krug
Urb.) Kuijt. & Urb.
Loranthus claviceps Griseb. = Psittacanthus claviceps (Griseb.) Eichler Phthirusa bistrata Urb. = Dendropemon bistratus (Urb.) Urb.
Loranthus cubensis Griseb. = Dendropemon purpureus (L.) Krug & Phthirusa caribaea (Krug & Urb.) Engl. = Dendropemon caribaeus
Urb. Krug & Urb
Loranthus domingensis Desv. ex Ham. = Phoradendron trinervium Phthirusa constantiae (Krug & Urb.) Engl. = Dendropemon constantiae
(Lam.) Griseb. (Santalaceae) Krug & Urb.
Loranthus emarginatus sensu DC. = Dendropemon bicolor Krug & Urb. Phthirusa cubensis (Griseb.) Eichler = Dendropemon purpureus (L.)
Krug & Urb.
Loranthus guadalupensis DC. = Notopleura guadalupensis (DC.) C.M.
Taylor subsp. guadalupensis (Rubiaceae) Phthirusa domingensis (Desv. ex Ham.) Eichler = Phoradendron
trinervium (Lam.) Griseb. (Santalaceae)
Loranthus jacquinii DC. var. longifolius DC. = Psittacanthus
martinicensis (Presl) Eichler Phthirusa emarginata (Sw.) Eichler = Dendropemon emarginatus (Sw.)
Steud.
Loranthus lepidobotrys Griseb. = Passovia lepidobotrys (Griseb.) Kuijt
Phthirusa jamaicensis Krug & Urb. = Passovia jamaicensis (Krug &
Loranthus montanus Macfad. ex Griseb. = Dendropemon pauciflorus
Urb.) Kuijt
(Sw.) Tiegh.
Phthirusa lepidobotrys (Griseb.) Eichler = Passovia lepidobotrys
Loranthus occidentalis L. = Oryctanthus occidentalis (L.) Eichler
(Griseb.) Kuijt
Loranthus occidentalis Sessé & Moc. = Dendropemon caribaeus Krug
Phthirusa parvifolia (Sw.) Eichler = Dendropemon parvifolium (Sw.)
& Urb.
Blume ex Steud.
Loranthus parvifolius Sw. = Dendropemon parvifolium (Sw.) Blume ex
Phthirusa pauciflora (Sw.) Eichler = Dendropemon pauciflorus (Sw.)
Steud.
Tiegh.
Loranthus pauciflorus Sw. = Dendropemon pauciflorus (Sw.) Tiegh.
Phthirusa picardae (Krug & Urb.) Engl. = Dendropemon picardae Krug
Loranthus piperoides Kunth = Phoradendron piperoides (Kunth) Trel. & Urb.
(Santalaceae)
Phthirusa portoricensis Eichler = Notopleura guadalupensis (DC.) C.M.
Loranthus portoricensis DC. = Notopleura guadalupensis (DC.) C.M. Taylor subsp. guadalupensis (Rubiaceae)
Taylor subsp. guadalupensis (Rubiaceae)
Phthirusa psilobotrys (DC.) Eichler = Dendropemon purpureus (L.)
Loranthus psilobotrys DC. = Dendropemon purpureus (L.) Krug & Urb. Krug & Urb.
Loranthus quadrangularis Kunth = Phoradendron quadrangulare Phthirusa purpurea (L.) Engl. = Dendropemon purpureus (L.) Krug &
(Kunth) Krug & Urb. (Santalaceae) Urb.
Loranthus uniflorus Jacq. = Dendropemon purpureus (L.) Krug & Urb. Phthirusa pycnophylla (Krug & Urb.) Urb. = Dendropemon
Oryctanthus occidentalis (L.) Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. pycnophyllus Krug & Urb.
5(2): 87. 1868; Loranthus occidentalis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 988. Phthirusa pyrifolia (Kunth) Eichler = Passovia pyrifolia (Kunth) Tiegh.
1759.
Phthirusa rostrata (Urb.) Urb. = Dendropemon rostratus Urb.
Common Names: Godbush, Mistletoe, Scorn-the-earth (Jamaica). Phthirusa siegeri Leonard = Dendropemon loranthoideus (Baill.) Tiegh.
References: 2, 607. Phthirusa sintenisii (Krug & Urb.) Engl. = Dendropemon caribaeus
Passovia jamaicensis (Krug & Urb.) Kuijt, comb. nov.; Phthirusa Krug & Urb.
jamaicensis Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 15. 1897. Phthirusa subsessilis (Urb.) Urb. = Dendropemon picardae Krug & Urb.
Loranthus avicularis sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 312. 1860, non Mart.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Phthirusa uniflora (Jacq.) Eichler = Dendropemon purpureus (L.) Krug
Reference: 2. & Urb.
Passovia lepidobotrys (Griseb.) Kuijt, comb. nov.; Loranthus Psittacanthus americanus Mart., Flora 13: 108. 1830.
lepidobotrys Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 311. 1860; Phthirusa Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
lepidobotrys (Griseb.) Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): Martinique, St. Lucia).
334. 1868. References: 1, 366.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Note: Previously recorded in error for Mexico and Central America.
Reference: 2. Psittacanthus claviceps (Griseb.) Eichler = Psittacanthus martinicensis
Passovia pyrifolia (Kunth) Tiegh., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 42: 172. 1895; Eichler
Loranthus pyrifolius Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Psittacanthus claviceps var. longifolius (DC.) Krug & Urb. =
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 441. 1820; Psittacanthus martinicensis Eichler
Phthirusa pyrifolia (Kunth) Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras.
Psittacanthus dominicensis Domin = Psittacanthus martinicensis
5(2): 63. 1868.
Eichler
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Tobago, Central
America, and South America. Psittacanthus martinicensis Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras.
References: 1, 151, 366. 5(2): 26. 1868; Loranthus martinicensis Presl in J.A. Schultes &
J.H. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1640. 1830. Neotype: Martinique, Ammannia coccinea Rottb. subsp. robusta (Heer & Regel) Koehne,
Stehlé & Stehlé 5059 (F), designated by Kuijt (366). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 250. 1880.
Loranthus claviceps Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 311. 1860; Psittacanthus Ammannia latifolia sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 270. 1860, non L.
claviceps (Griseb.) Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 26. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
1868. Type. Jamaica, Tussac s.n. (Holotype: G-DC). Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
Loranthus jacquinii DC. var. longifolius DC., Prodr. 4: 308. 1830; Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
Psittacanthus claviceps (Griseb.) Eichler, var. longifolius (DC.) Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire,
Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 14. 1897. Type. Jamaica, Curaçao, United States, Mexico, Central America, and South
Purdie s.n. (Lectotype: K), designated by Kuijt (366). America; naturalized in Old World.
Psittacanthus dominicensis Domin, Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 3. 1930. Type. Common Name: Tooth-cup (Bahamas).
Dominica, Eggers 92 (Holotype: K). References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 40, 45, 58, 61.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Jamaica and the Lesser Ammannia coccinea Rottb. subsp. purpurea (Lam.) Koehne =
Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Ammannia coccinea Rottb.
St. Lucia).
Common Names: Man ‘pon tree, Roi de l’arbre (ouadlab) (Lesser Ammannia coccinea Rottb. subsp. robusta (Heer & Regel) Koehne =
Antilles). Ammannia coccinea Rottb.
References: 1, 2, 366. Ammannia humilis Michx. = Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne
Struthanthus caribaeus (Krug & Urb.) Stehlé = Dendropemon caribaeus Ammannia latifolia L., Sp. Pl. 119. 1753.
Krug & Urb. Ammannia lingulata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 106. 1866.
Triarthron loranthoideum Baill. = Dendropemon loranthoideus (Baill.) Ammannia teres Raf., Autik. Bot. 39. 1840.
Tiegh. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
DOUBTFUL SPECIES Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada,
Dendropemon laxiflorus (Desv. ex Ham.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Nevis, St. Lucia, St.
2: 491. 184; Loranthus laxiflorus Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Martin, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita,
Occid. 33. 1825. Type. Hispaniola: Desvaux s.n. United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Note: This species was placed in synonomy with Dendropemon Common Names: Herbe mauve (Lesser Antilles), Yerba de cangrejo
purpureus by Urban (30), however, examination of a picture of the (Puerto Rico).
type casts doubts on its identity. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 131.
Ammannia latifolia sensu Griseb. = Ammannia coccinea Rottb.
Ammannia lingulata Griseb. = Ammannia latifolia L.
Lythraceae
Ammannia longipes C. Wright = Ammannia auriculata Willd.
Genera. Total: 10; native: 7; endemic: 1. Ammannia occidentalis DC. = Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne
Ammannia ramosior L. = Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne
Adenaria floribunda Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Ammannia robusta Heer & Regel, Index Seminum (Zürich) 1. 1842.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 188. 1824. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Martinique), North America,
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America, and Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 5, 7.
Ammannia sagittata DC. var. angustifolia A. Rich. = Ammannia
Ammannia auriculata Willd., Hort. Berol. 1: 7. 1806. coccinea Rottb.
Ammannia longipes C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Habana 6: 75. 1869. Ammannia sanguinolenta Sw. = Ammannia coccinea Rottb.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Ammannia teres Raf. = Ammannia latifolia L.
Antilles (Antigua), Aruba, Bonaire, United States, Mexico, Central
America, and South America. Antherylium rohrii Vahl = Ginoria rohrii (Vahl) Koehne
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 58, 151. Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr., Publ. Field Columbian
Ammannia baccifera L., Sp. Pl. 120. 1753., subsp. baccifera Mus., Bot. Ser., 8(2): 124. 1930; Lythrum carthagenense Jacq.,
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles Enum. Syst. Pl. 22. 1760.
(Guadeloupe, St. Lucia); native to tropical Asia. Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
References: 1, 2, 6, 58, 151, 159. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Mexico, Central
Ammannia baccifera L. subsp. aegyptiaca (Willd.) Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. References: 1, 160, 254.
Syst. 1: 260. 1881.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Old World. Cuphea ciliata Koehne = Cuphea decandra W.T. Aiton
References: 2, 169. Cuphea cordifolia (Sw.) Koehne = Cuphea melanium (L.) R. Br. ex Steud.
Ammannia coccinea Rottb., Pl. Horti Univ. Rar. Progr. (Hafn.) 7. 1773. Cuphea crudyana Koehne, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 16. 1910.
Ammannia sanguinolenta Sw., Prodr. 33. 1788. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia).
Ammannia sagittata DC. var. angustifolia A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Fis. Reference: 1.
Cuba 10: 252. 1845. Cuphea decandra W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 3: 151. 1811.
Ammannia coccinea Rottb. subsp. purpurea (Lam.) Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Cuphea ciliata (Sw.) Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 454. 1881; Lythrum
Syst. 1: 250. 1880. ciliatum Sw., Prodr. 76. 1788.
number 9 8 • 481
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central Cuphea platycentra Lem. = Cuphea ignea A. DC.
America, and South America. Cuphea pseudomelanium Griseb. = Cuphea melanium (L.) R. Br. ex Steud.
Cuphea pseudosilene Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 105. 1866.
Cuphea ekmanii O.C. Schmidt = Cuphea melanium (L.) R. Br. ex Steud. Cuphea pergracilis O.C. Schmidt, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 77.
Cuphea gratioloides Griseb. = Cuphea mimuloides Cham. & Schltdl. 1927.
Cuphea grisebachiana Koehne = Cuphea parsonsia (L.) R. Br. ex Steud.
Cuphea hyssopifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Cuphea rapunculoides Griseb. = Cuphea micrantha Kunth
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Cuphea riparia Ekman & O.C. Schmidt, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Antilles (Montserrat, St. Lucia); native to Mexico and Central 27: 106. 1929.
America. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Common Names: Cufia (Cuba), Yerba de la dicha, Yerba de la suerte References: 5, 7.
(Dominican Republic), Heather (Lesser Antilles). Cuphea rotundifolia Koehne in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 13(2):
References: 1, 123, 132, 160, 224, 254, 501. 224. 1877.
Cuphea ignea A. DC., Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 5: 499. 1849. References: 5, 7.
Cuphea platycentra Lem., Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 2: t. 180. 1846. Cuphea strigulosa Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica. & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 204. 1824.
Common Name: Cigar flower (Jamaica). Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica), and
Cuphea lobelioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 105. 1866. References: 1, 58, 151, 160.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Cuphea swartziana Spreng. = Cuphea melanium (L.) R. Br. ex Steud.
Reference: 3.
Cuphea urens Koehne in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 329. 1902.
Cuphea melanium (L.) R. Br. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. 245. 1821; Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Lythrum melanium L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1045. 1759. References: 5, 7, 30.
Lythrum cordifolium Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2(1): 866. 1798; Cuphea
cordifolia (Sw.) Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 2: 140. 1881., non Kunth. Cuphea viscosissima Jacq., Hort. Bot. Vindob. 2: 83. 1772.
Cuphea swartziana Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 455. 1825. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica.
Cuphea pseudomelanium Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 104. 1866. Reference: 2.
Cuphea viscosissima sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 269. 1860, non Jacq. Cuphea viscosissima sensu Griseb. = Cuphea melanium (L.) R. Br. ex
Cuphea ekmanii O.C. Schmidt, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 82. 1926. Steud.
Diplusodon ginorioides Griseb. = Ginoria ginorioides (Griseb.) Britton
Jamaica, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 151. **Ginoria americana Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 5. 1760, var. americana
Cuphea micrantha Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
Common Names: Clavellina del río, Rosa de río (Cuba).
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 196. 1824.
Cuphea ranunculoides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 105. 1866.
Lythrum domingense Spreng. ex DC., Prodr. 3: 86. 1828. Ginoria americana Jacq. var. spinosa (Griseb.) S. A. Graham, Ann.
Melanium hirtum Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 454. 1825. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97: 61. 2010; Ginoria spinosa Griseb., Cat.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Pl. Cub. 106. 1866.
(Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Central Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
America, and South America. References: 3, 124, 561, 562.
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 58, 75. **Ginoria arborea Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 13. 1912.
Cuphea mimuloides Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 5: 570. 1830. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cuphea gratioloides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 105. 1866. Common Names: Granado, Jaspe (Cuba).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and Central America. References: 3, 561, 562.
References: 3, 501. **Ginoria buchii (Urb.) S.A. Graham, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97:
Cuphea parsonsia (L.) R. Br. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. 245. 1821; 63. 2010; Haitia buchii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16:
Lythrum parsonsia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1045. 1759; Parsonsia 141. 1919.
parsonsia (L.) Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 53. 1902. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Parsonsia herbacea J. St.-Hil., Expos. Fam. Nat. 2: 178. 1805. References: 5, 7, 561, 562.
Cuphea grisebachiana Koehne in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 13(2): **Ginoria callosa O.C. Schmidt, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 17. 1927.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto References: 5, 7, 561, 562.
Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique), and Central America.
Common Names: Strongback (Bahamas), Arrasa-con-todo, Mucha **Ginoria curvispina Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 3: 349. 1882.
gente (Dominican Republic), Strongback (Jamaica), Chiagari Ginoria parviflora Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 20. 1922.
(Puerto Rico). Ginoria microphylla O.C. Schmidt, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24:
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 58, 75, 151, 340. 78. 1927.
Cuphea pergracilis O.C. Schmidt = Cuphea pseudosilene Griseb. References: 3, 151, 156, 561, 562.
Ginoria diplusodon Koehne = Ginoria ginorioides (Griseb.) Britton Common Names: Astronomía, Cupido, Gastronomia, Gastronomia
y júpiter, Júpito, Júpiter (Cuba), Almira, Armira, Astromelia,
**Ginoria ginorioides (Griseb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 13.
Astromeria (Dominican Republic), Atromelia stragornia,
1912; Diplusodon ginorioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 106. 1866;
Stragornia, Stragornia blanc (Haiti), Crape myrtle, June rose
Ginoria diplusodon Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 3: 350. 1882, nom.
(Jamaica), Crepe myrtle (Lesser Antilles), Astromelia, Astromero
illeg.
(Puerto Rico), Crape myrtle, Queen of shrubs (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 123, 131, 159, 224, 230, 323, 501.
Common Names: Cuaresmilla, Cuaresmilla árbol, Júpiter árbol,
Maravilla (Cuba).
References: 3, 501, 561, 562. Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(1): 72. 1806; Munchausia
speciosa (L.) Münchh., Hausvater 5(1): 357. 1770.
**Ginoria glabra Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 106. 1866.
Ginoria montana Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 43.
Islands, Margarita, United States, Mexico, Central America, and
1923.
South America; native to Asia and Malesia.
Common Names: Orgullo del Japón, Reina de las flores (Cuba), Reina
References: 3, 156.
del jardín, Reina del prado, Rosa (Dominican Republic), Queen’s
**Ginoria jimenezii Alain, Brittonia 20: 157. 1968. flower tree (Jamaica), Flor de la reina, Reina de las flores (Puerto
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Rico), Queen of flowers (Virgin Islands).
References: 7, 561. References: 2, 7, 61, 123, 131, 132, 159, 254, 323, 501.
**Ginoria koehneana Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 20. Lawsonia inermis L., Sp. Pl. 340. 1753.
1922. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Ginoria thomasiana Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 10: 30. 1953. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas),
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Common Names: Uña, Yema de huevo (Cuba). Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius,
References: 3, 39, 561, 562. St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Aruba, Curaçao, Margarita,
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Mexico, Central America, and South America; native to Africa,
Cuba (39). Asia, Malesia, and Australia.
**Ginoria lanceolata O.C. Schmidt, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 16. 1927. Common Names: Henna (Bahamas), Resedá (Dominican Republic),
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Henna (Jamaica), Copiae, Henna, Reseda (Lesser Antilles), Resedá
References: 5, 7, 561, 562. (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 45, 58, 131, 159, 224, 323, 501.
Ginoria microphylla O.C. Schmidt = Ginoria curvispina Koehne Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Ginoria montana Britton & P. Wilson = Ginoria glabra Griseb. Lythrum alatum Pursh var. lanceolatum (Elliott) A. Gray, Boston J.
Ginoria parviflora Urb. = Ginoria curvispina Koehne Nat. Hist. 6: 188. 1850; Lythrum lanceolatum Elliott, Sketch Bot.
S. Carolina 1(6): 544. 1821.
**Ginoria pulchra (Ekman & O.C. Schmidt) S.A. Graham, Ann.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, United States, and Mexico.
Missouri Bot. Gard. 97: 82. 2010; Haitia pulchra Ekman & O.C.
Schmidt, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 18. 1927.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Lythrum carthagenense Jacq. = Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr.
References: 5, 7, 561. Lythrum ciliatum Sw. = Cuphea decandra W.T. Aiton
**Ginoria rohrii (Vahl) Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 3: 351. 1882; Lythrum cordifolium Sw. = Cuphea melanium (L.) R. Br. ex Steud.
Antherylium rohrii Vahl, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 2: 211. 1792.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Lythrum domingense Spreng. ex DC. = Cuphea micrantha Kunth
Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Lythrum lanceolatum Elliott = Lythrum alatum Pursh var. lanceolatum
Virgin Gorda); cultivated in Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent). (Elliott) A. Gray
References: 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 561, 562.
Lythrum lineare L., Sp. Pl. 447. 1753.
Ginoria spinosa Griseb. = Ginoria americana Jacq. var. spinosa Distribution: Native to Cuba and United States.
(Griseb.) S. A. Graham References: 3, 150, 501.
Ginoria thomasiana Alain = Ginoria koehneana Urb. Lythrum melanium L. = Cuphea melanium (L.) R. Br. ex Steud.
Haitia buchii Urb. = Ginoria buchii (Urb.) S.A. Graham Lythrum parsonsia L. = Cuphea parsonsia (L.) R. Br. ex Steud.
Haitia pulchra Ekman & O.C. Schmidt = Ginoria pulchra (Ekman & Melanium hirtum Spreng. = Cuphea micrantha Kunth
O.Cl. Schmidt) S.A. Graham
Munchausia speciosa (L.) Münchh. = Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers.
Heimia salicifolia Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 3. 1822.
Parsonsia herbacea J. St.-Hil. = Cuphea parsonsia (L.) R. Br. ex Steud.
America. Parsonsia parsonsia (L.) Britton = Cuphea parsonsia (L.) R. Br. ex Steud.
References: 2, 151, 159. Peplis occidentalis Spreng. = Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne
Lagerstroemia indica L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1076. 1759. Peplis tetrandra L. = Lucya tetrandra (L.) K. Schum. (Rubiaceae)
Islands (St. Croix, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Punica granatum L., Sp. Pl. 472. 1753.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Vincent), Margarita, United States, Mexico, Central America, and Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. John, Tortola),
South America; native to Asia. Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe,
number 9 8 • 483
Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, United States, Magnolia cubensis Urb. subsp. turquinensis Imkhan., Novosti Sist.
Mexico, Central America, and South America; native to Asia. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 61. 1991.
Common Names: Granada, Granada enana, Granado, Granado Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
agrio, Granado dulce, Granado enano (Cuba), Grama, Grama Common Names: Laurel, Magnolia, Mantequero, Marañon de la
fina, Granada, Granadillo, Granado, Pomogranado (Dominican maestra, Marañón de sierra alta (Cuba).
Republic), Granade, Grenadier, Pomgranate, Pomme grenade References: 3, 30.
(Haiti), Pomegranate (Jamaica), Pamgramma, Pomegranate, Ponm Magnolia cubensis Urb. subsp. acunae Imkhan., Novosti Sist. Vyssh.
gwennad, Grenade, Grenadier (Lesser Antilles), Granada (Puerto Rast. 11: 180. 1974.
Rico), Pomegranate (Virgin Islands). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 1, 2, 4, 5, 19, 45, 58, 123, 131, 132, 159, 323. References: 39, 149.
Rotala mexicana Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 5: 567. 1830. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America, Cuba (39).
South America, and Old World. Magnolia cubensis Urb. subsp. cacuminicola (Bisse) G. Klotz, Wiss.
References: 3, 7, 224, 501. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 29: 464.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. 1980; Magnolia cacuminicola Bisse subsp. cacuminicola, Feddes
Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 13(2): Repert. 85: 587. 1974.
194. 1875; Ammannia ramosior L., Sp. Pl. 120. 1753. Magnolia cacuminicola Bisse subsp. bissei Imkhan., Novosti Sist. Vyssh.
Ammannia humilis Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 99. 1803. Rast. 28: 72. 1991.
Ammannia occidentalis DC., Prodr. 3: 78. 1828. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Peplis occidentalis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 135. 1825. References: 39, 149, 152.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique), Trinidad, Cuba (39).
Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America, and South Magnolia cubensis Urb. subsp. turquinensis Imkhan. = Magnolia
America. cubensis Urb. subsp. cubensis
Common Name: Yerba de cáncer (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 131, 151, 323. Magnolia cubensis Urb. var. baracoensis Imkhan. = Magnolia cubensis
Urb. subsp. cubensis
EXCLUDED SPECIES
Magnolia dodecapetala (Lam.) Govaerts in D.G. Frodin & R.H.A.
Cuphea racemosa (L. f.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 455. 1825. Govaerts, World Checklist Bibliogr. Magnoliaceae: 29. 1996;
Reported for Cuba by Leon and Alain (3) but no specimen known to Annona dodecapetala Lam., Encycl. 2: 127. 1786; Talauma
document this record. dodecapetala (Lam.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 306.
Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Magnoliaceae References: 1, 31, 47, 132.
Magnolia domingensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 447.
1914.
Magnolia cacuminicola Bisse subsp. bissei Imkhan. = Magnolia cubensis References: 5, 7.
Urb. subsp. cacuminicola (Bisse) G. Klotz Magnolia ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 12. 1931.
Magnolia cacuminicola Bisse subsp. cacuminicola = Magnolia cubensis Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Urb. subsp. cacuminicola (Bisse) G. Klotz Reference: 7.
Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. t. 3. Magnolia emarginata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 11. 1931.
1880; Michelia champaca L., Sp. Pl. 536. 1753. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Lesser Antilles Reference: 7.
(Dominica, Guadeloupe). Magnolia grandiflora L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1082. 1759.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 123, 132, 147, 254. Talauma plumieri sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 21. 1884,
Magnolia cristalensis Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 588. 1974. non Sw.
Magnolia cristalensis Bisse subsp. baracoana Imkhan., Novosti Sist. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.
Vyssh. Rast. 28: 70. 1991. Common Names: Magnolia (Cuba), Magnolia (Dominican Republic).
Magnolia cristalensis Bisse subsp. moana Imkhan., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. References: 6, 7, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132.
Rast. 28: 66. 1991. Magnolia hamorii R.A. Howard, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 351. 1948.
Reference: 149. Common Names: Ebano (Dominican Republic), Caimoní (Haiti).
Magnolia cristalensis Bisse subsp. baracoana Imkhan. = Magnolia References: 7, 123.
cristalensis Bisse Magnolia minor (Urb.) Govaerts in D.G. Frodin & R.H.A. Govaerts,
Magnolia cristalensis Bisse subsp. moana Imkhan. = Magnolia World Checklist Bibliogr. Magnoliaceae: 36. 1996; Talauma minor
cristalensis Bisse Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 222. 1912.
Svenhedinia truncata Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 142. 1946; Talauma
Magnolia cubensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 307. 1899, subsp., cubensis truncata (Moldenke) R.A. Howard, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75:
Magnolia cubensis Urb. var. baracoensis Imkhan., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. 357. 1948.
Rast. 11: 179. 1974.
Talauma minor Urb. var. oblongifolia León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 4. 1950. Talauma minor Urb. References: 2, 151, 308.
subsp. oblongifolia (León) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: Adenoporces buxifolius (Cav.) Small = Tetrapterys buxifolia Cav.
6. 1972 [“1971”].
Talauma ophiticola Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 589. 1974. Banisteria angulosa L. = Stigmaphyllon angulosum (L.) A. Juss.
Talauma orbiculata Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 37. Banisteria chrysophylla Bello = Heteropterys wydleriana A. Juss.
1923; Talauma minor Urb. subsp. orbiculata (Britton & P. Wilson)
Banisteria diversifolia Kunth = Stigmaphyllon diversifolium (Kunth)
Borhidi, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 37. 1923.
A. Juss.
References: 3, 147, 427. Banisteria floribunda DC. = Stigmaphyllon floribundum (DC.) C.E.
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Anderson
Species. Banisteria laurifolia L. = Heteropterys laurifolia (L.) A. Juss.
Magnolia pallescens Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 10. 1931. Banisteria ledifolia Kunth = Stigmaphyllon diversifolium (Kunth)
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). A. Juss.
Common Name: Ebano verde (Dominican Republic).
Reference: 7. Banisteria leona Cav. = Heteropterys leona (Cav.) Exell
Magnolia portoricensis Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 233. Banisteria ovata Cav. = Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides (L.) C.E.
1881. Anderson
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Banisteria pauciflora Kunth = Banisteriopsis pauciflora (Kunth.)
Common Names: Alceiba, Alciba, Burro, Jagüilla, Mauricio (Puerto C.B. Rob.
Rico).
Banisteria periplocifolia Desf. ex DC. = Stigmaphyllon emarginatum
References: 6, 30, 58, 61, 131, 147.
(Cav.) A. Juss.
Magnolia splendens Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 306. 1899.
Banisteria podadena Turcz. = Banisteriopsis pauciflora (Kunth.)
C.B. Rob.
Common Names: Bella, Laurel sabino, Sabino (Puerto Rico).
References: 6, 30, 58, 61, 131. Banisteria pubera Rich. = Stigmaphyllon puberum (Rich.) A. Juss.
Magnolia virginiana L. subsp. oviedoae Palmarola, M.S. Romanov & Banisteria pubiflora DC. = Heteropterys platyptera DC.
A.V. Bobrov, Willdenowia 38: 547. 2008. Banisteria purpurea L. = Heteropterys purpurea (L.) Kunth
References: 149, 152. Banisteria sinemariensis Aubl. = Carolus sinemariensis (Aubl.) W.R.
Anderson
Michelia champaca L. = Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre
Banisteria tomentosa Desf. ex DC. = Stigmaphyllon floribundum (DC.)
Svenhedinia truncata Moldenke = Magnolia minor (Urb.) Govaerts C.E. Anderson
Talauma dodecapetala (Lam.) Urb. = Magnolia dodecapetala (Lam.) Banisteria wydleriana (A. Juss.) C.B. Rob. = Heteropterys wydleriana
Govaerts A. Juss.
Talauma minor Urb. = Magnolia minor (Urb.) Govaerts Banisteriopsis pauciflora (Kunth.) C.B. Rob., N. Amer. Fl. 25(2): 133.
Talauma minor Urb. subsp. oblongifolia (León) Borhidi = Magnolia 1910; Banisteria pauciflora Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt,
minor (Urb.) Govaerts A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 159.
1822.
Talauma minor Urb. subsp. orbiculata (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi =
Banisteria podadena Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1):
Magnolia minor (Urb.) Govaerts
392. 1858.
Talauma minor Urb. var. oblongifolia León = Magnolia minor (Urb.) Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Govaerts References: 3, 151, 152, 308.
Talauma ophiticola Bisse = Magnolia minor (Urb.) Govaerts Brachypterys borealis A. Juss. = Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides (L.) C.E.
Talauma orbiculata Britton & P. Wilson = Magnolia minor (Urb.) Anderson
Govaerts Brachypterys ovata (Cav.) Small = Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides (L.)
Talauma plumieri sensu A. Stahl = Magnolia grandiflora L. C.E. Anderson
Talauma truncata (Moldenke) R.A. Howard = Magnolia minor (Urb.) Bunchosia articulata Dobson, Syst. Bot. 8: 272. 1983.
Govaerts Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 151.
Bunchosia ekmanii Urb. & Nied., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 43. 1926.
Malpighiaceae Malpighia media W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 3: 103. 1811.
Genera. Total: 15; native: 14; endemic: 1. References: 5, 7, 308.
Bunchosia emarginata Regel, Index Seminum Hort. Petrop. 35. 1856.
Adelphia hiraea (Gaertn.) W.R. Anderson, Novon 16: 171. 2006; Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Triopterys hiraea Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 169. 1790; Mascagnia References: 3, 308.
hiraea (Gaertn.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 4: 240. 1920. Bunchosia glandulifera (Jacq.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt,
Mascagnia jamaicensis Urb. & Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Königl. A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 154.
Lyceums Hosianum Braunsberg 3: 25. 1908.
number 9 8 • 485
1822; Malpighia glandulifera Jacq., Collectanea 4: 207. 1791 Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
[“1790”]. Vincent), Central America, and possibly Trinidad.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Common Names: Bois masse, Prune café, Wild coffee (Lesser Antilles).
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat). References: 1, 61, 151, 301, 308.
Common Names: Café bois, Café moka, Prune café (Lesser Antilles), Bunchosia punicifolia Ekman & Nied., Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 59. 1928.
Café, Café falso, Café forastero (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Bunchosia glandulosa (Cav.) DC., Prodr. 1: 581. 1824; Malpighia Bunchosia quaesitor Dobson, Syst. Bot. 8: 269. 1983.
glandulosa Cav., Diss. 8: 411. 1789. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Bunchosia media (W.T. Aiton) DC., Prodr. 1: 581. 1824. References: 7, 308.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, Bunchosia swartziana Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 115. 1859.
St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Martin), References: 3, 308.
and Mexico. Bunchosia urbaniana Acev.-Rodr., nom. nov.; Bunchosia linearifolia
Common Names: Cabra, Cabra hedionda, Cabrita, Palo de cabra Urb. & Nied. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 141 (Heft 94): 656.
(Dominican Republic), Bois caca, Bois poulette (Haiti), Stinkwood 1828., non P. Wilson, 1926. Type. Cuba. Guantanamo. Ekman
(Lesser Antilles), Café forastero (Puerto Rico). 15781 (NY).
References: 1, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 131, 308. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Bunchosia haitiensis Urb. & Nied., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 35. 1921. Hispaniola.
References: 5, 7, 308. Byrsonima berteroana A. Juss. = Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth
Bunchosia hotteana Nied. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 21. 1929. Byrsonima biflora Griseb. = Byrsonima lucida (Mill.) Rich.
Byrsonima bucherae Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 676. 1941.
Bunchosia jamaicensis Urb. & Nied. in F.J. Niedenzu, Bunchosia 10. References: 3, 308.
1898.
Byrsonima cinerea DC. = Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth
Bunchosia lindeniana sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 115. 1860, non Juss.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
References: 2, 308, 427. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 148. 1822.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Byrsonima berteroana A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 383.
Species. 1840.
Bunchosia leonis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 72.
References: 3, 30, 137, 308.
1920.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Byrsonima coriacea (Sw.) DC. = Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth
References: 3, 156, 308. Byrsonima coriacea sensu Little & Wadsworth = Byrsonima spicata
Bunchosia lindeniana sensu Griseb. = Bunchosia jamaicensis Urb. & (Cav.) DC.
Nied. Byrsonima craigiana Fawc. & Rendle = Byrsonima glaberrima Nied.
Bunchosia linearifolia P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 460. 1926. Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 149. 1822;
References: 3, 7, 39, 308, 427. Malpighia crassifolia L., Sp. Pl. 426. 1753.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Byrsonima cinerea DC., Prodr. 1: 580. 1824.
Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Byrsonima coriacea (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 1: 580. 1824; Malpighia coriacea
Species. Sw., Prodr. 74. 1788.
Bunchosia linearifolia Urb. & Nied. = Bunchosia urbaniana Acev.-Rodr. Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth var. jamaicensis Urb. & Nied.,
Byrsonima 18. 1901.
Bunchosia media (W.T. Aiton) DC. = Bunchosia glandulosa (Cav.) DC.
Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth f. kunthiana Nied., Byrsonima 16.
Bunchosia nitida sensu authors = Bunchosia polystachia (Andrews) DC. 1901.
Bunchosia nitida (Jacq.) DC. var. grenadensis Urb. & Nied. = Byrsonima cubensis A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 333. 1840;
Bunchosia polystachia (Andrews) DC. Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth f. cubensis (A. Juss.) Nied.,
Byrsonima 17. 1901.
Bunchosia pauciflora Dobson, Syst. Bot. 8: 269. 1983. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). (Barbados), Trinidad, Curaçao, Margarita, and South America.
References: 7, 308. Common Names: Árbol de la gallina, Gallina, Nance, Palo gallina,
Bunchosia polystachia (Andrews) DC., Prodr. 1: 581. 1824; Malpighia Peralejo, Peralejo blanco, Peralejo común, Peralejo colorado,
polystachia Andrews, Bot. Repos. 9: t. 604. 1810. Peralejo de sabana (Cuba), Cajuil cimarrón Madroño, Maricao,
Bunchosia nitida sensu authors, non (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 1: 582. 1824. Peralejo (Dominican Republic) Maricao cimarrón, Paralejo,
Bunchosia nitida (Jacq.) DC. var. grenadensis Urb. & Nied., Bunchosia Paralejo blanco (Puerto Rico).
9. 1898. References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 308, 323.
Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth f. cubensis (A. Juss.) Nied. =
Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth
Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth f. kunthiana Nied. = Byrsonima Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
crassifolia (L.) Kunth References: 3, 14, 149, 151, 308.
Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth var. jamaicensis Urb. & Nied. = Byrsonima pinetorum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 42. 1866.
Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 308.
Byrsonima cubensis A. Juss. = Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth
Byrsonima portoricensis A. Stahl = Byrsonima lucida (Mill.) Rich.
Byrsonima cubensis A. Juss. var. brachypoda Turcz. = Byrsonima
spicata (Cav.) DC. Byrsonima roigii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 65. 1925.
Byrsonima cuneata (Turcz.) P. Wilson = Byrsonima lucida (Mill.) Rich.
Common Name: Peralejo de costa (Cuba).
Byrsonima glaberrima Nied., Byrsonima 43. 1901. References: 3, 308.
Byrsonima craigiana Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 55: 270. 1917.
Byrsonima spicata (Cav.) DC., Prodr. 1: 580. 1824; Malpighia spicata
Cav., Diss. 8: 409. 1789.
References: 2, 30, 137, 152, 308.
Byrsonima coriacea sensu Little & Wadsworth, Com. Trees Puerto Rico
Byrsonima x horneana Britton & Small = Byrsonima x ophiticola Small & Virgin Isl. 256. 1964.
Byrsonima luacesii Acuña & Roig, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 10: 59. 1953. Byrsonima cubensis A. Juss. var. brachypoda Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 392. 1858.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser
Cuba (39). Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
Byrsonima lucida (Mill.) Rich. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 580. Tobago, Trinidad, and South America.
1824; Malpighia lucida Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Common Names: Colorín, Gerstroemia silvestre, Peralejo de pinares,
Byrsonima biflora Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 167. 1860. Sangre de doncella (Cuba), Madroño, Maricao, Peralejo, Piragua,
Byrsonima cuneata (Turcz.) P. Wilson, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 8: Toro-tigre (Dominican Republic), Liane à coliques, Liane taureau
394. 1917; Malpighia cuneata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes (Haiti), Bois charbon, Bois tan, Mauricypre, Shoemaker’s bark
Moscou 31(1): 390. 1858. (Lesser Antilles).
Byrsonima portoricensis A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 143. 1884. References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 308.
Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St. John, Tortola), Lesser Antilles Byrsonima tenuifolia Urb. & Nied., Byrsonima 19. 1901.
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Marie Galante, St. Martin), and United States (FL). Common Name: Bois corne (Haiti).
Common Names: Candle-berry, Guanaberry, Locust-berry (Bahamas), References: 5, 7, 308.
Carne de doncella, Sangre de doncella (Cuba), Doncella, Uva, Byrsonima trinitensis A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 334. 1840.
Uvilla (Dominican Republic), Clam cherry, Gooseberry, Olivier Byrsonima martinicensis Krug & Urb., Fl. Phan. Antill. Franc. 111. 1897.
(Lesser Antilles), Aceituna, Maricao, Palo de doncella, Sangre de Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada,
doncella (Puerto Rico), Guano berry, Long key byrsonima (Virgin Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent); reported for
Islands). Jamaica, but perhaps in error.
References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150. Common Names: Bois tan, Bois tan montagne, Bois tan rouge,
Byrsonima martiana Acuña & Roig = Byrsonima parvifolia Alain Mauricif, Mauricypre (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 152, 308.
Byrsonima martinicensis Krug & Urb. = Byrsonima trinitensis A. Juss. Note: Despite its specific epithet, this species does not occur in
Byrsonima moensis Acuña & Roig, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 10: 59. 1953. Trinidad; the type collections actually came from Martinique not
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. from Trinidad (1).
References: 3, 39, 308. Byrsonima verbascifolia Rich. ex Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 18:
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of 481. 1811.
Cuba (39). Byrsonima verbascifolia Rich. ex Juss. var. villosa Griseb., Linnaea 13:
Byrsonima motembensis Britton & Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 250. 1839; Byrsonima verbascifolia Rich. ex Juss. subsp. villosa
460. 1926. (Griseb.) Nied. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 141 (Heft 94):
References: 3, 308.
Byrsonima x ophiticola Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 456. 1916.
Byrsonima x horneana Britton & Small in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Byrsonima verbascifolia Rich. ex Juss. var. villosa Griseb. = Byrsonima
Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 447. 1924. verbascifolia Rich. ex Juss.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico, Virgin Byrsonima verbascifolia Rich. ex Juss. subsp. villosa (Griseb.) Nied. =
Islands, and Lesser Antilles. Byrsonima verbascifolia Rich. ex Juss.
Byrsonima wadsworthii Little, Phytologia 4: 417. 1953.
Byrsonima orientensis Bisse, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 2: 13. 1975. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Name: Almendrillo (Puerto Rico).
Byrsonima parvifolia Alain, Phytologia 8: 369. 1962. Byrsonima wrightiana Nied. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat.
Byrsonima martiana Acuña & Roig, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 332. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1: 206. 1897.
1840.
number 9 8 • 487
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Heteropterys multiflora (DC.) Hochr., Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6:
References: 3, 308. 277. 1910.
Heteropterys reticulata (Poir.) Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Königl.
Byrsonima yaroana Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 120. 1971,
var. yaroana
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Trinidad, South America, and West
Africa.
Common Names: Peralejo, Piragua (Dominican Republic).
References: 2, 30, 151, 301, 308.
References: 7, 308.
Heteropterys multiflora (DC.) Hochr. = Heteropterys leona (Cav.) Exell
Byrsonima yaroana Alain var. acutibracteata Alain, Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 21: 122. 1971. Heteropterys nitida Kunth var. obtusifolia Kuntze = Heteropterys
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). wydleriana A. Juss.
References: 7, 8, 308. Heteropterys platyptera DC., Prodr. 1: 592. 1824.
Carolus sinemariensis (Aubl.) W.R. Anderson, Novon 16: 188. 2006; Banisteria pubiflora DC., Prodr. 1: 591. 1824.
Banisteria sinemariensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 462. 1775; Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Mascagnia sinemariensis (Aubl.) Griseb. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Bras. 12(1): 93. 1858. Common Names: Liane caco, Sec caco (Lesser Antilles).
Mascagnia simsiana Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 121. 1859. References: 1, 30, 308.
Mascagnia volubilis Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Königl. Lyceums Heteropterys pubiflora (DC.) Bello = Heteropterys laurifolia (L.) A. Juss.
Hosianum Braunsberg 3: 22. 1908.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, St. Vincent), Tobago, Heteropterys purpurea (L.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 163. 1822;
References: 1, 36, 151, 301, 308. Banisteria purpurea L., Sp. Pl. 427. 1753.
Heteropterys purpurea (L.) Kunth var. antillana Nied., Arbeiten Bot.
Galphimia glauca sensu Griseb. = Galphimia gracilis Bartl. Inst. Königl. Lyceums Hosianum Braunsberg 2: 15. 1903.
Galphimia glauca Cav., Icon. 5: 61. 1799; Thryallis glauca (Cav.) Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 89. 1891. Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Virgin Islands (St. Croix) ; native to Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines,
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St.
References: 3, 230, 308, 510. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, and South
America.
Galphimia gracilis Bartl., Linnaea 13: 552. 1940 [“1839”].
Common Names: Angelito, Angelitos (Dominican Republic), Aile à ravet,
Galphimia glauca sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 43. 1866, non Cav.
Black twist (Lesser Antilles), Bejuco de paralejo (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61, 123, 131, 150.
Islands (St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Eustatius, Heteropterys purpurea (L.) Kunth var. antillana Nied. = Heteropterys
St. Kitts); Margarita, and South America; native to Mexico. purpurea (L.) Kunth
Common Names: Efigenia, Galfinia, Granito de oro (Cuba), Consulita, Heteropterys reticulata (Poir.) Nied. = Heteropterys leona (Cav.) Exell
Lluvia de oro, Patilla (Dominican Republic), Shower of gold
(Jamaica), Resedá, Consuelita, Lluvia de oro, Palo de doncella, Heteropterys wydleriana A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 275.
Sangre de doncella (Puerto Rico). 1840; Banisteria wydleriana (A. Juss.) C.B. Rob., N. Amer. Fl.
References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 45, 123, 131, 132, 224, 308, 510. 25(2): 137. 1910.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Banisteria chrysophylla Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 245.
1881; Stigmaphyllon chrysophyllum (Bello) A. Stahl, Estud. Fl.
Henlea echinata Griseb. = Henleophytum echinatum (Griseb.) Small Puerto Rico 2: 147. 1884.
*Henleophytum echinatum (Griseb.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25(2): 149. Heteropterys bellonis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 330. 1899.
1910; Henlea echinata Griseb., Erläut. Pfl. Trop. Amer. 37. 1860. Heteropterys nitida Kunth var. obtusifolia Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 88.
Common Name: Ahorcacaballo (Puerto Rico).
Heteropterys bellonis Urb. = Heteropterys wydleriana A. Juss.
References: 6, 32, 58, 61, 131, 308.
Heteropterys laurifolia (L.) A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 276.
Hiraea faginea (Sw.) Nied., Hiraea 16. 1906; Malpighia faginea Sw.,
1840; Banisteria laurifolia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 611. 1762.
Prodr. 74. 1788.
Heteropterys pubiflora (DC.) Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10:
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, St. Lucia), Central
245. 1881.
Islands (St. Croix), Margarita, Mexico, and Central America.
Common Names: Bejuco vergajo (Cuba), Amansa guapo, Amansa Malpighia acunana Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
hombre, Bejuco de barraco, Bejuco de berraco, Bejuco de 17: 9. 1972 [“1971”].
becerro Bejuco de vecerro, Bejuco de verraco, Berraco, Verraco Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
(Dominican Republic), Liane bouhouque, Liane jaune, Liane References: 39, 308, 511.
taureau, Liane taureaum varraco (Haiti), Dragon white (Jamaica), Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Bejuco de buey, Dragon, Paralejo, Paralejo velludo (Puerto Rico). Cuba (39).
References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 308, 323. Malpighia acutifolia F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 299. 2000.
Heteropterys leona (Cav.) Exell, Cat. Vasc. Pl. S. Tomé 123. 1944. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Banisteria leona Cav., Diss. 9: 424. 1790. Reference: 78.
Malpighia adamsii Vivaldi, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 254. 1982. Malpighia cauliflora Proctor & Vivaldi, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 255. 1982.
Reference: 156. References: 308.
Malpighia albiflora (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec. subsp. antillana Vivaldi =
Species.
Malpighia verruculosa W.R. Anderson subsp. antillana (Vivaldi)
F.K. Mey. Malpighia cnide Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 51. 1822.
Malpighia bissei F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 346. 2000.
Malpighia angustifolia L. = Malpighia linearis Jacq.
Malpighia cnide Spreng. var. domingensis Urb. & Nied. in F.J.
Malpighia angustifolia L. var. linearis (Jacq.) Nied. = Malpighia linearis Niedenzu, Malpighia 15. 1899.
Jacq. Malpighia cnide Spreng. var. ovalis Ekman & Nied., Ark. Bot. 20A(15):
Malpighia angustifolia L. var. oblongata Nied. = Malpighia linearis Jacq. 42. 1926; Malpighia ovalis (Ekman & Nied.) F.K. Mey., Phanerog.
Monogr. 23: 284. 2000.
Malpighia apiculata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 115. Malpighia cubensis Kunth var. longipedunculata Hadač, Folia Geobot.
1922. Phytotax. 5: 431. 1970.
Malpighia cuneiformis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 511. 2000. Malpighia gonavensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 350. 2000.
Malpighia moncionensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 502. 2000. Malpighia jaguensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 353. 2000.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Malpighia montecristensis F.K. Mey. subsp. naranjensis F.K. Mey.,
References: 3, 78. Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 328. 2000.
Malpighia aquifolia L., Sp. Pl. 426. 1753. Malpighia mucronata F.K. Mey. subsp. mucronata, Phanerog. Monogr.
Malpighia ilicifolia Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. 23: 385. 2000.
Malpighia loddigesii Regel, Index Seminum Hort. Petrop. 54. 1857. Malpighia mucronata F.K. Mey. subsp. intermedia F.K. Mey., Phanerog.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indes; native to Cuba and Hispaniola. Monogr. 23: 392. 2000.
Common Names: Cereza cimarrona, Cerezo de frutita (Dominican Malpighia mucronata F.K. Mey. subsp. insulae-pinorum F.K. Mey.,
Republic). Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 390. 2000.
References: 3, 5, 7, 78, 123, 511. Malpighia oviedensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 344. 2000.
Malpighia samanensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 282. 2000.
Malpighia aquifolia sensu León & Alain = Malpighia nummulariifolia
Malpighia suberosa Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25(2): 159. 1910.
subsp. oblongifolia Vivaldi
Malpighia subpilosa F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 334. 2000.
Malpighia arborescens F.K. Mey. = Malpighia megacantha (Juss.) Urb. Malpighia velutina Ekman & Nied. subsp. glabrescens F.K. Mey.,
Malpighia articulata F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 317. 2000. Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 447. 2000.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Malpighia velutina Ekman & Nied. subsp. intermedia (Ekman & Nied.)
Reference: 78. F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 446. 2000; Malpighia velutina
Ekman & Nied. var. intermedia Ekman & Nied., Ark. Bot.
Malpighia atlantica F.K. Mey. = Malpighia polytricha A. Juss. subsp. 20A(15): 42. 1926.
polytricha Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Malpighia aurea F.K. Mey. = Malpighia megacantha (Juss.) Urb. Hispaniola.
Common Name: Palo bronco (Cuba).
Malpighia avilensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 365. 2000.
References: 3, 7, 78, 132, 156, 308, 511.
Reference: 78. Malpighia cnide Spreng. var. cubensis Urb. & Nied. = Malpighia
martiana Acuña & Roig
Malpighia azucarensis F.K. Mey. = Malpighia megacantha (Juss.) Urb.
Malpighia cnide Spreng. var. domingensis Urb. & Nied. = Malpighia
Malpighia bahamensis F.K. Mey. subsp. androsana F.K. Mey. =
cnide Spreng.
Malpighia polytricha A. Juss. subsp. vivaldiana F.K. Mey.
Malpighia cnide Spreng. var. ovalis Ekman & Nied. = Malpighia cnide
Malpighia bahamensis F.K. Mey. subsp. bahamensis = Malpighia
Spreng.
polytricha A. Juss. subsp. vivaldiana F.K. Mey.
Malpighia coccigera L., Sp. Pl. 426. 1753, subsp. coccigera
Malpighia baracoensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 338. 2000.
Malpighia coccigera L. var. microphylla Nied., Malpighia 19. 1899.
Malpighia erinacea F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 406. 2000.
Reference: 78.
Malpighia berteroana Spreng. = Malpighia emarginata Sessé & Moc. (St. Croix, St. John), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica,
ex DC. Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
Malpighia biflora Poir. = Malpighia glabra L. Vincent), Margarita, and South America.
Common Names: Palo bronco del pinar (Cuba), Árbol de la dicha
Malpighia bissei F.K. Mey. = Malpighia cnide Spreng. (Dominican Republic), Azotacaballo (Puerto Rico).
Malpighia cajalbanensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 516. 2000. References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 19, 58, 61, 75, 78, 123, 131, 132, 150, 151, 224,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 323, 340.
Reference: 78. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Malpighia capitis-crucis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 426. 2000. Malpighia coccigera L. subsp. horrida (Small) Vivaldi ex Alain, Fl.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Española 4: 32. 1986; Malpighia horrida Small, N. Amer. Fl.
Reference: 78. 25(2): 160. 1910.
Malpighia fuertesii F.K. Mey. subsp. fuertesii, Phanerog. Monogr. 23:
Malpighia caribaea F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 301. 2000.
498. 2000.
Malpighia fuertesii F.K. Mey. subsp. minor F.K. Mey., Phanerog.
Monogr. 23: 500. 2000.
number 9 8 • 489
Malpighia hispaniolica F.K. Mey. subsp. hispaniolica F.K. Mey., Malpighia epedunculata F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 505. 2000,
Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 484. 2000. subsp. epedunculata
Malpighia ilicifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Nied. f. eglandulosa Ekman Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
& Nied. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 141 (Heft 94): 635. Reference: 78.
1928. Malpighia epedunculata F.K. Mey. subsp. arenaria F.K. Mey., Phanerog.
Malpighia tortolensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 503. 2000. Monogr. 23: 508. 2000.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Hispaniola. Reference: 78.
References: 7, 78, 151, 156.
Malpighia erinacea F.K. Mey. = Malpighia coccigera L.
Malpighia coccigera L. var. microphylla Nied. = Malpighia coccigera L.
Malpighia faginea Sw. = Hiraea faginea (Sw.) Nied.
Malpighia coriacea Sw. = Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth
Malpighia flavescens F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 426. 2000.
Malpighia cornistipulata F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 315. 2000. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 78.
Malpighia fucata Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg. 3: t. 189. 1817.
Malpighia crassifolia L. = Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth Malpighia elliptica C. Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3:
Malpighia cristalensis (F.K. Mey. ) F.K. Mey. = Malpighia 455. 1845.
nummulariifolia Nied. subsp. cristalensis F.K. Mey Malpighia fucata Ker Gawl. subsp. longifolia (Nied.) F.K. Mey.,
Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 279. 2000; Malpighia fucata Ker Gawl.
Malpighia cubensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
var. longifolia Nied., Malpighia 11. 1899.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 145. 1822
Malpighia fucata Ker Gawl. var. macrophylla (Desf.) Nied., Malpighia
Malpighia manacensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 312. 2000.
11. 1899; Malpighia macrophylla Desf., Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3,
Malpighia palenquensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 324. 2000.
232. 1829.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cayman Islands
Malpighia shaferi Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 456.
and Cuba.
1916.
Common Names: Lady hair (Cayman Islands), Palo bronco chico, Palo
Malpighia urens sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 245. 1881,
bronco de hoja pequeña (Cuba).
non L.
References: 3, 4, 78, 132.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Jamaica,
Malpighia cubensis Kunth var. longipedunculata Hadač = Malpighia Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas).
cnide Spreng. Common Names: Olaga, Palo bronco (Puerto Rico).
Malpighia cuneata Turcz. = Byrsonima lucida (Mill.) Rich. References: 2, 3, 6, 30, 58, 75, 78, 131, 151, 156, 340.
Malpighia cuneiformis F.K. Mey. = Malpighia apiculata Urb. Malpighia fucata Ker Gawl. subsp. longifolia (Nied.) F.K. Mey. =
Malpighia fucata Ker Gawl.
Malpighia dentata F.K. Mey. = Malpighia wrightiana Acuña & Roig
Malpighia fucata Ker Gawl. var. elliptica Nied. = Malpighia infestissima
Malpighia domingensis Small = Malpighia urens L. subsp. urens Rich. ex Nied.
Malpighia dura F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 471. 2000. Malpighia fucata Ker Gawl. var. longifolia Nied. = Malpighia fucata
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ker Gawl.
Reference: 78.
Malpighia fucata Ker Gawl. var. macrophylla (Desf.) Nied. = Malpighia
Malpighia ekmanii Nied. = Malpighia macracantha Urb. & Nied. fucata Ker Gawl.
subsp. macracantha
Malpighia fuertesii F.K. Mey. subsp. fuertesii = Malpighia coccigera
Malpighia elegans G. Mey. = Spachea elegans (G. Mey.) A. Juss. L. subsp. horrida (Small) Vivaldi ex Alain
Malpighia elliptica C. Presl = Malpighia fucata Ker Gawl. Malpighia fuertesii F.K. Mey. subsp. minor F.K. Mey. = Malpighia
Malpighia emarginata Sessé & Moc. ex DC., Prodr. 1: 578. 1824. coccigera L. subsp. horrida (Small) Vivaldi ex Alain
Malpighia berteroana Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 383. 1825. Malpighia glabra L., Sp. Pl. 425. 1753.
Malpighia lancifolia (Nied.) F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 222. Malpighia biflora Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 326. 1797;
2000; Malpighia punicifolia L. var. lancifolia Nied., Malpighia 8. Malpighia oxycocca Griseb. var. biflora (Poir.) Nied., Malpighia
1899. 14. 1899.
Malpighia punicifolia L. var. obovata Nied., Malpighia 8. 1899. Malpighia glabra L. var. antillana Urb. & Nied., Malpighia 5. 1899.
Malpighia punicifolia L. var. vulgaris Nied., Malpighia 8. 1899. Malpighia punicifolia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 609. 1762.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Malpighia uniflora Tussac, Fl. Antill. 3: 93. 1824.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenadines, Islands (St. Croix, Tortola), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita,
Guadeloupe, Desirade, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
St. Martin), Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, and Common Names: Cuaba blanca (Cuba), Wild cherry (Jamaica), Huesito
South America; native to Mexico and northern Central America. (Puerto Rico).
Common Names: Cereza (Dominican Republic), Cerise, Cerise d’Haïti, References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 61, 75, 78, 131, 132, 230, 323, 340.
Cerise de St. Domingue, Cerisier, Cerisier de St. Domingue, Petite
cerise (Haiti), Barbados cherry, Cerise de Cayenne, West Indian Malpighia glabra L. var. antillana Urb. & Nied. = Malpighia glabra L.
cherry (Lesser Antilles), Acerola (Puerto Rico). Malpighia glandulifera Jacq. = Bunchosia glandulifera (Jacq.) Kunth
References: 1, 19, 30, 58, 78, 123, 151, 152, 156, 224, 301, 308, 323,
Malpighia glandulosa Cav. = Bunchosia glandulosa (Cav.) DC.
383.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Malpighia gonavensis F.K. Mey. = Malpighia cnide Spreng.
Malpighia guantanamensis F.K. Mey. = Malpighia nummulariifolia Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Puerto Rico,
Nied. subsp. oblongifolia Vivaldi Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. John, St. Thomas), and Lesser Antilles
(Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis,
Malpighia habanensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 519. 2000.
St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin).
Common Names: Bois royal, Cerisier, Cow-itch bush (Lesser Antilles).
Reference: 78.
References: 1, 3, 6, 19, 58, 61, 78, 151.
Malpighia haitiensis Urb. & Nied. = Malpighia polytricha A. Juss.
Malpighia loddigesii Regel = Malpighia aquifolia L.
subsp. polytricha
Malpighia longifolia F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 319. 2000.
Malpighia harrisii Small, Torreya 13: 77. 1913, subsp. harrisii
Reference: 78.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Malpighia lucida Mill. = Byrsonima lucida (Mill.) Rich.
Species. Malpighia lucida Sw. = Byrsonima lucida (Mill.) Rich.
Malpighia harrisii Small subsp. vivaldii F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. Malpighia macracantha Urb. & Nied., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 20. 1929,
23: 244. 2000. subsp. macracantha
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Malpighia ekmanii Nied., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 71. 1933.
Malpighia higueyensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 248. 2000. References: 7, 151, 156.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Malpighia macracantha Urb. & Nied. subsp. centralis F.K. Mey.,
Reference: 78. Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 397. 2000.
Malpighia hispaniolica F.K. Mey. subsp. cuneata F.K. Mey. = Malpighia Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
wrightiana Acuña & Roig Reference: 78.
Malpighia hispaniolica F.K. Mey. subsp. hispaniolica F.K. Mey. = Malpighia macrophylla Desf. = Malpighia fucata Ker Gawl.
Malpighia coccigera L. subsp. horrida (Small) Vivaldi ex Alain Malpighia manacensis F.K. Mey. = Malpighia cubensis Kunth var.
Malpighia horrida Small = Malpighia coccigera L. subsp. horrida cubensis
(Small) Vivaldi ex Alain Malpighia martiana Acuña & Roig, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 10: 58. 1953.
Malpighia humilis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 419. 2000. Malpighia cnide Spreng. var. cubensis Urb. & Nied. in F.J. Niedenzu,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Malpighia 15. 1899.
Reference: 3.
Malpighia ilicifolia Mill. = Malpighia aquifolia L.
Malpighia martinicensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 21. 1760.
Malpighia ilicifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Nied. f. eglandulosa Ekman
Malpighia martinicensis Jacq. var. jussieuana Nied., Malpighia 13. 1899.
& Nied. = Malpighia coccigera L. subsp. horrida (Small) Vivaldi
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Lesser Antilles
ex Alain
(Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St.
Malpighia imiensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 423. 2000. Barthélemy, St. Vincent), and Virgin Islands.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Cerise capitaine, Cerise du pays (Lesser Antilles).
Malpighia incana Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Malpighia martinicensis Jacq. var. jamaicensis Urb. & Nied. =
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. Malpighia oxycocca Griseb.
References: 2, 3.
Malpighia martinicensis Jacq. var. jussieuana Nied. = Malpighia
Malpighia infestissima Rich. ex Nied., Malpighia 15. 1899. martinicensis Jacq.
Malpighia fucata Ker Gawl. var. elliptica Nied., Malpighia 11. 1899.
Malpighia maxima F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 240. 2000.
Malpighia pallens Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25(2): 157. 1910.
Malpighia raunkiaeri F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 181. 2000.
Reference: 78.
Malpighia thompsonii Britton & Small in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci.
Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 443. 1924. Malpighia media W.T. Aiton = Bunchosia ekmanii Urb. & Nied.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Malpighia megacantha (Juss.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15:
and Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, 403. 1919; Malpighia urens L. var. megacantha A. Juss., Arch.
Virgin Gorda). Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 260. 1843.
References: 3, 19, 58, 61, 78, 254. Malpighia arborescens F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 380. 2000.
Malpighia jaguensis F.K. Mey. = Malpighia cnide Spreng. Malpighia aurea F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 377. 2000.
Malpighia azucarensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 290. 2000.
Malpighia lancifolia (Nied.) F.K. Mey. = Malpighia emarginata Sessé &
Malpighia montecristensis F.K. Mey. subsp. montecristensis, Phanerog.
Moc. ex DC.
Monogr. 23: 326. 2000.
Malpighia linearifolia F.K. Mey. = Malpighia nummulariifolia Nied. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
subsp. nummulariifolia Common Name: Capitaine (Haiti).
Malpighia linearis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 21. 1760; Malpighia References: 7, 78, 123, 189, 254, 511.
angustifolia L. var. linearis (Jacq.) Nied., Malpighia 9. 1899. Malpighia melbensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 355. 2000.
Malpighia angustifolia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 610. 1762. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Malpighia angustifolia L. var. oblongata Nied., Malpighia 9. 1899. Reference: 78.
number 9 8 • 491
Malpighia micropetala Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 187. 1822. Malpighia mirabilis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 432. 2000.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Malpighia substrigosa F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 436. 2000.
References: 7, 78, 156. Malpighia aquifolia sensu León & Alain, Fl. Cuba 3: 22. 1953, non L.
Malpighia mirabilis F.K. Mey. = Malpighia nummulariifolia Nied. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
subsp. oblongifolia Vivaldi References: 3, 78, 156, 254.
Malpighia moncionensis F.K. Mey. = Malpighia apiculata Urb. Malpighia nummulariifolia Nied. subsp. spirituensis F.K. Mey., Revista
Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 3(2): 23. 1982.
Malpighia montecristensis F.K. Mey. subsp. montecristensis = Malpighia Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
megacantha (Juss.) Urb. Reference: 78.
Malpighia montecristensis F.K. Mey. subsp. naranjensis F.K. Mey. = Malpighia nummulariifolia Nied. var. pusillifolia Ekman & Nied. =
Malpighia cnide Spreng. Malpighia pusillifolia (Ekman & Nied.) F.K. Mey.
Malpighia mucronata F.K. Mey. subsp. insulae-pinorum F.K. Mey. = Malpighia oblongifolia Griseb. = Malpighia urens L. subsp. urens
Malpighia cnide Spreng.
Malpighia obtusifolia Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 20. 1967.
Malpighia mucronata F.K. Mey. subsp. mucronata = Malpighia cnide Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Spreng. References: 2, 427.
Malpighia mucronata F.K. Mey. subsp. intermedia F.K. Mey. = Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Malpighia cnide Spreng. Species.
Malpighia multiflora F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 269. 2000. Malpighia ophiticola F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 451. 2000.
Malpighia mutabilis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 362. 2000. Malpighia ovalis (Ekman & Nied.) F.K. Mey. = Malpighia cnide Spreng.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Malpighia ovatifolia Small = Malpighia urens L. subsp. urens
Reference: 78.
Malpighia oviedensis F.K. Mey. = Malpighia cnide Spreng.
Malpighia neglecta F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 449. 2000.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Malpighia oxycocca Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 117. 1859.
References: 78, 156. Malpighia martinicensis Jacq. var. jamaicensis Urb. & Nied. in F.J.
Niedenzu, Malpighia 13. 1899.
Malpighia nummulariifolia Nied., Malpighia 18. 1899, subsp. Malpighia oxycocca Griseb. var. corymbosa Nied. f. grisebachiana
nummulariifolia Nied., Malpighia 14. 1899.
Malpighia linearifolia F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 438. 2000. Malpighia oxycocca Griseb. var. corymbosa Nied. f. megaphylla Nied.,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Malpighia 14. 1899.
Malpighia nummulariifolia Nied. subsp. arroyensis F.K. Mey., Revista References: 78, 254, 511.
Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 3(2): 28. 1982. Malpighia oxycocca Griseb. var. biflora (Poir.) Nied. = Malpighia
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. glabra L.
Reference: 78.
Malpighia oxycocca Griseb. var. corymbosa Nied. f. grisebachiana
Malpighia nummulariifolia Nied. subsp. camagueyensis F.K. Mey., Nied. = Malpighia oxycocca Griseb.
Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 3(2): 26. 1982.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Malpighia oxycocca Griseb. var. corymbosa Nied. f. megaphylla Nied.
Reference: 78. = Malpighia oxycocca Griseb.
Malpighia nummulariifolia Nied. subsp. clarensis F.K. Mey., Revista Malpighia palenquensis F.K. Mey. = Malpighia cubensis Kunth var.
Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 3(2): 24. 1982. cubensis
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Malpighia pallens Small = Malpighia infestissima Rich. ex Nied.
References: 39, 78.
Malpighia pallidior F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 287. 2000.
Cuba (39).
Reference: 78.
Malpighia nummulariifolia Nied. subsp. cristalensis F.K. Mey., Revista
Malpighia paniculata Mill. = Triopterys paniculata (Mill.) Small
Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 3(2): 30. 1982.
Malpighia cristalensis (F.K. Mey.) F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: Malpighia pasorealensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 365. 2000.
Reference: 78. Malpighia phillyreifolia F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 360. 2000.
Malpighia nummulariifolia Nied. subsp. holguinensis F.K. Mey., Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 3(2): 22. 1982. Reference: 78.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Malpighia polystachia Andrews = Bunchosia polystachia (Andrews) DC.
Reference: 78.
Malpighia polytricha A. Juss, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 336. 1840,
Malpighia nummulariifolia Nied. subsp. oblongifolia Vivaldi, Brittonia subsp. polytricha
36: 332. 1984. Malpighia atlantica F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 469. 2000.
Malpighia guantanamensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 430. 2000. Malpighia haitiensis Urb. & Nied., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 19. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Malpighia roigiana Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Malpighia wrightiana Acuña
Hispaniola (Tortue Is.). & Roig
Common Names: Touch-me-not, Wild-cherry (Bahamas). Malpighia salicifolia F.K. Mey. = Malpighia urens L. subsp. urens
Malpighia samanensis F.K. Mey. = Malpighia cnide Spreng.
Malpighia polytricha A. Juss. subsp. confusa Vivaldi ex Correll & H.B.
Correll = Malpighia polytricha A. Juss. subsp. vivaldiana F.K. Mey. Malpighia serpentinicola F.K. Mey. = Malpighia polytricha A. Juss.
subsp. vivaldiana F.K. Mey.
Malpighia polytricha A. Juss. subsp. parvifolia F.K. Mey., Phanerog.
Monogr. 23: 404. 2000. Malpighia setosa Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 50. 1822.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
Reference: 78. and Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Palo bronco, Pegojo de costa (Cuba), Cereza, Cerezo
Malpighia polytricha A. Juss. subsp. vivaldiana F.K. Mey., Phanerog. (Dominican Republic), Bois capitaine, Bonbon capitaine, Cerisier
Monogr. 23: 402. 2000. capitaine, Moureiller piquant (Haiti).
Malpighia bahamensis F.K. Mey. subsp. androsana F.K. Mey., Phanerog. References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 78, 123, 132.
Monogr. 23: 414. 2000.
Malpighia bahamensis F.K. Mey. subsp. bahamensis, Phanerog. Malpighia shaferi Britton & P. Wilson = Malpighia fucata Ker Gawl.
Monogr. 23: 411. 2000. Malpighia spicata Cav. = Byrsonima spicata (Cav.) DC.
Malpighia polytricha A. Juss. subsp. confusa Vivaldi ex Correll & H.B.
Malpighia squarrosa F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 513. 2000.
Correll, Fl. Bahama Archip. 760. 1982, nom. illeg.
Malpighia serpentinicola F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 408. 2000.
Reference: 78.
Common Names: Touch-me-not, Wild-cherry (Bahamas), Palo bronco
de costa (Cuba). Malpighia suberosa Small = Malpighia cnide Spreng.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba. Malpighia subpilosa F.K. Mey. = Malpighia cnide Spreng.
Malpighia substrigosa F.K. Mey. = Malpighia nummulariifolia Nied.
Malpighia proctorii Vivaldi, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 256. 1982. subsp. oblongifolia Vivaldi
References: 308, 427. Malpighia thompsonii Britton & Small = Malpighia infestissima Rich.
Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of ex Nied.
Threatened Species. Malpighia tortolensis F.K. Mey. = Malpighia coccigera L. subsp. horrida
Malpighia punicifolia L. = Malpighia glabra L. (Small) Vivaldi ex Alain
Malpighia punicifolia L. var. lancifolia Nied. = Malpighia emarginata Malpighia torulosa F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 331. 2000.
Sessé & Moc. ex DC. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 78.
Malpighia punicifolia L. var. obovata Nied. = Malpighia emarginata
Sessé & Moc. ex DC. Malpighia tunensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 357. 2000.
Malpighia punicifolia L. var. vulgaris Nied. = Malpighia emarginata Reference: 78.
Sessé & Moc. ex DC.
Malpighia uniflora Tussac = Malpighia glabra L.
Malpighia pusillifolia (Ekman & Nied.) F.K. Mey., Wiss. Z. Friedrich-
Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 38: 295. 1989; Malpighia urens sensu Bello = Malpighia fucata Ker Gawl.
Malpighia nummulariifolia Nied. var. pusillifolia Ekman & Nied., Malpighia urens L. f. oblongifolia (Griseb.) Nied. = Malpighia urens
Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 43. 1926; Malpighia pusillifolia (Ekman & L. subsp. urens
Nied.) Vivaldi in A.H. Liogier, Fl. Española 4: 34. 1986, nom.
Malpighia urens L. f. ovatifolia Nied. = Malpighia urens L. subsp.
illeg.
ovatifolia (Nied.) F.K. Mey.
Reference: 78. Malpighia urens L., Sp. Pl. 426. 1753, subsp. urens; Malpighia urens L.
var. typica Nied. f. oblongifolia (Griseb.) Nied., Malpighia 9. 1899.
Malpighia pusillifolia (Ekman & Nied.) Vivaldi = Malpighia pusillifolia
Malpighia domingensis Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25(2): 156. 1910.
(Ekman & Nied.) F.K. Mey.
Malpighia oblongifolia Griseb., Index Seminum (Gottingen) 8. 1878;
Malpighia racemiflora F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 295. 2000. Malpighia urens L. f. oblongifolia (Griseb.) Nied. in H.G.A.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 141 (Heft 94): 625. 1928.
Reference: 78. Malpighia ovatifolia Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25(2): 157. 1910.
Malpighia racemosa F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 293. 2000. Malpighia salicifolia F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 290. 2000.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Reference: 78. Common Names: Cereza, Cereza cimarrona, Cerezo (Dominican
Republic), Bois capitaine, Bonbon capitaine, Capitaine, Cerisier
Malpighia raunkiaeri F.K. Mey. = Malpighia infestissima Rich. ex Nied. capitaine, Moureiller piquant (Haiti).
Malpighia revoluta F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 321. 2000. References: 2, 3, 7, 78, 123, 132, 151, 156.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Malpighia urens L. subsp. ovatifolia (Nied.) F.K. Mey., Phanerog.
Reference: 78. Monogr. 23: 275. 2000; Malpighia urens L. f. ovatifolia Nied. in
Malpighia reyensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 465. 2000. H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 141 (Heft 94): 625. 1928.
number 9 8 • 493
Malpighia urens L. var. megacantha A. Juss. = Malpighia megacantha Mascagnia sinemariensis (Aubl.) Griseb. = Carolus sinemariensis
(Juss.) Urb. (Aubl.) W.R. Anderson
Malpighia urens L. var. typica Nied. f. oblongifolia (Griseb.) Nied. = Mascagnia volubilis Nied. = Carolus sinemariensis (Aubl.) W.R.
Malpighia urens L. subsp. urens Anderson
Malpighia variifolia Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(2): Spachea elegans (G. Mey.) A. Juss. in J.P.B. Delessert, Icon. Sel. Pl. 3:
581. 1863. 19. 1838 [“1837”]; Malpighia elegans G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 178. 1818; Spachea elegans (G. Mey.) A. Juss. var. obovata Nied.,
Reference: 3. Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Königl. Lyceums Hosianum Braunsberg 5: 18.
1914.
Malpighia velutina Ekman & Nied., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 41. 1926;
Spachea ossana A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 326. 1840.
Malpighia velutina Ekman & Nied. var. typica Ekman & Nied.,
Spachea parviflora A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 326. 1840.
Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 42. 1926.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Central America, and South
America.
Malpighia velutina Ekman & Nied. subsp. glabrescens F.K. Mey. =
Spachea elegans (G. Mey.) A. Juss. var. obovata Nied. = Spachea elegans
(G. Mey.) A. Juss.
Malpighia velutina Ekman & Nied. subsp. intermedia (Ekman & Nied.)
Spachea martiana Acuña & Roig, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 10: 58. 1953.
F.K. Mey. = Malpighia cnide Spreng.
Malpighia velutina Ekman & Nied. var. intermedia Ekman & Nied. = References: 3, 308.
Spachea ossana A. Juss. = Spachea elegans (G. Mey.) A. Juss.
Malpighia velutina Ekman & Nied. var. typica Ekman & Nied. =
Spachea parviflora A. Juss. = Spachea elegans (G. Mey.) A. Juss.
Malpighia velutina Ekman & Nied. subsp. velutina
Stigmaphyllon adenodon A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 288.
Malpighia verruculosa W.R. Anderson subsp. antillana (Vivaldi) F.K.
1840.
Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 150. 2000; Malpighia albiflora
Stigmaphyllon grenadense Nied., Stigmatoph. 2: 26. 1900.
(Cuatrec.) Cuatrec. subsp. antillana Vivaldi, Brittonia 36: 330.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Tobago, Trinidad,
1984.
and South America.
and possibly Jamaica.
References: 7, 78. Stigmaphyllon angulosum (L.) A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13:
288. 1840; Banisteria angulosa L., Sp. Pl. 427. 1753.
Malpighia vertientensis F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 441. 2000.
Common Name: Bejuco de manteca (Dominican Republic).
Reference: 78.
References: 7, 90, 123, 308.
Malpighia woodburyana Vivaldi in Acevedo-Rodríguez, Brittonia 45:
Stigmaphyllon angulosum (L.) A. Juss. f. laciniatum Ekman ex Nied. =
130. 1993.
Stigmaphyllon laciniatum (Ekman ex Nied.) C.E. Anderson
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Anegada,
Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda). Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides (L.) C.E. Anderson, Taxon 41: 328.
References: 19, 58, 308. 1992.
Banisteria ovata Cav., Diss. 9: 429. 1790; Brachypterys ovata (Cav.)
Malpighia wrightiana Acuña & Roig, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 10: 58. 1953.
Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25(2): 138. 1910; Stigmaphyllon ovatum
Malpighia dentata F.K. Mey., Phanerog. Monogr. 23: 480. 2000.
(Cav.) Nied., Stigmatoph. 2: 31. 1900.
Malpighia hispaniolica F.K. Mey. subsp. cuneata F.K. Mey., Phanerog.
Brachypterys borealis A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 291.
Monogr. 23: 487. 2000.
1840.
Malpighia roigiana Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
17: 8. 1972 [“1971”].
Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad,
Hispaniola.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 90, 151, 301, 308.
References: 3, 7, 39, 78, 156.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Stigmaphyllon chrysophyllum (Bello) A. Stahl = Heteropterys
Cuba (39). wydleriana A. Juss.
Mascagnia brittonii Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25(2): 120. 1910. Stigmaphyllon ciliatum A. Juss. in A. Saint-Hilaire, Fl. Bras. Merid.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (quarto ed.) 3: 38. 1833 [“1832”].
References: 3, 308. Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Barbados); native to Trinidad,
Mascagnia buchii Urb. & Nied. = Triopterys buchii (Urb. & Nied.)
Urb. & Nied.
Stigmaphyllon coccolobifolium Alain = Stigmaphyllon sagranum A.
Mascagnia hiraea (Gaertn.) Fawc. & Rendle = Adelphia hiraea
Juss.
(Gaertn.) W.R. Anderson
Stigmaphyllon convolvulifolium A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13:
Mascagnia jamaicensis Urb. & Nied. = Adelphia hiraea (Gaertn.) W.R.
289. 1840.
Anderson
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
Mascagnia simsiana Griseb. = Carolus sinemariensis (Aubl.) W.R. Vincent) and South America.
Anderson References: 1, 90.
Stigmaphyllon diversifolium (Kunth) A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. Stigmaphyllon finlayanum A. Juss., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 375. 1843.
2, 13: 290. 1840; Banisteria diversifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent); native to Trinidad
Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto and Peninsula de Paria (Venezuela).
ed.) 5: 159. 1822 [“1821”]. Reference: 90.
Banisteria ledifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Stigmaphyllon floribundum (DC.) C.E. Anderson, Syst. Bot. 11: 128.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 159. 1822; 1986; Banisteria floribunda DC., Prodr. 1: 589. 1824.
Stigmaphyllon ledifolium (Kunth) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25(2): 141. Banisteria tomentosa Desf. ex DC., Prodr. 1: 589. 1824; Stigmaphyllon
1910. tomentosum (Desf. ex DC.) Nied., Banisteria 1899-1900: 5. 1899.
Stigmaphyllon lineare C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 43. 1866. Stigmaphyllon diversifolium sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 119. 1859,
Stigmaphyllon lineare C. Wright ex Griseb. var. morroensis Kitan., non (Kunth) A. Juss.
God. Sofiisk. Univ. Biol. Fak., 2, Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Stigmaphyllon floribundum A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 147.
Rast. 66(2): 32. 1974 [“1971/1972”]. 1884, nom. nud.
Stigmaphyllon rhombifolium C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Tetrapterys paniculata sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 151.
Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 244. 1868. 1885, non Bello.
Stigmaphyllon sericeum C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 43. 1866. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. John, St.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Thomas, Virgin Gorda).
and Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbuda, Dominica, References: 6, 19, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 90, 151, 308, 340.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St.
Barthélemy, St. Kitts). Stigmaphyllon floribundum A. Stahl = Stigmaphyllon floribundum
Common Name: San Pedro (Cuba). (DC.) C.E. Anderson
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 61, 90, 131, 132, 151, 152, 156, 231, 308. Stigmaphyllon grenadense Nied. = Stigmaphyllon adenodon A. Juss.
Note: Reported for St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands in error. var. adenodon
Stigmaphyllon diversifolium sensu Griseb. = Stigmaphyllon Stigmaphyllon haitiense Urb. & Nied. = Stigmaphyllon emarginatum
floribundum (DC.) C.E. Anderson (Cav.) A. Juss.
Stigmaphyllon diversifolium sensu Millsp. = Stigmaphyllon Stigmaphyllon haitiense Urb. & Nied. f. lineare Urb. & Nied. =
emarginatum (Cav.) A. Juss. Stigmaphyllon emarginatum (Cav.) A. Juss.
Stigmaphyllon emarginatum (Cav.) A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, Stigmaphyllon haitiense Urb. & Nied. f. ovata Urb. & Nied. =
13: 290. 1840. Stigmaphyllon emarginatum (Cav.) A. Juss.
Banisteria periplocifolia Desf. ex DC., Prodr. 1: 589. 1824;
Stigmaphyllon laciniatum (Ekman ex Nied.) C.E. Anderson, Contr.
Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium (Desf. ex DC.) A. Juss., Ann. Sci.
Univ. Michigan Herb. 16: 29. 1987; Stigmaphyllon angulosum
Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 290. 1840.
(L.) A. Juss. f. laciniatum Ekman ex Nied., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 19.
Stigmaphyllon diversifolium sensu Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian
1929.
Mus., Bot. Ser., 2(1): 56. 1900, non A. Juss.
Stigmaphyllon haitiense Urb. & Nied. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 243.
Reference: 90.
1912.
Stigmaphyllon haitiense Urb. & Nied. f. lineare Urb. & Nied. in I. Stigmaphyllon ledifolium (Kunth) Small = Stigmaphyllon diversifolium
Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 244. 1912. (Kunth) A. Juss.
Stigmaphyllon haitiense Urb. & Nied. f. ovata Urb. & Nied. in I. Stigmaphyllon lineare C. Wright ex Griseb. = Stigmaphyllon
Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 244. 1912. diversifolium (Kunth) A. Juss.
Stigmaphyllon lingulatum (Poir.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25(2): 140. 1910.
Stigmaphyllon lingulatum (Poir.) Small var. sericans (Nied.) Nied. in Stigmaphyllon lineare C. Wright ex Griseb. var. morroensis Kitan. =
I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 8: 336. 1920; Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium Stigmaphyllon diversifolium (Kunth) A. Juss.
(Desf. ex DC.) A. Juss. f. sericans Nied., Verzeichnis Vorles. Konigl. Stigmaphyllon lingulatum (Poir.) Small = Stigmaphyllon emarginatum
Akad. Braunsberg 1912-1913: 24. 1912. (Cav.) A. Juss.
Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium (Desf. ex DC.) A. Juss. f. intermedium
Stigmaphyllon lingulatum (Poir.) Small var. sericans (Nied.) Nied. =
Nied., Stigmatoph. 1: 7. 1899.
Stigmaphyllon emarginatum (Cav.) A. Juss.
Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium (Desf. ex DC.) A. Juss. f. microphyllum
Nied., Banisteria 1899-1900: 7. 1899. Stigmaphyllon microphyllum Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 168. 1860.
Stigmaphyllon rubrinervum Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
122. 1971. Hispaniola.
Stigmaphyllon sagranum sensu Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., References: 3, 7, 90.
Bot. Ser., 2(1): 56. 1900, non A. Juss. Stigmaphyllon nipense Alain = Stigmaphyllon sagranum A. Juss.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, Stigmaphyllon obtusum Turcz. = Stigmaphyllon sagranum A. Juss.
St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles Stigmaphyllon ovatum (Cav.) Nied. = Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Nevis, St. (L.) C.E. Anderson
Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin); exotic in Florida.
Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium (Desf. ex DC.) A. Juss. = Stigmaphyllon
Common Names: Bejuco tumba gente, Cascarita, Tumba gente
emarginatum (Cav.) A. Juss.
(Dominican Republic), Corne à cabrite, Corne à cabrits, Corne
cabrit (Haiti). Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium (Desf. ex DC.) A. Juss. f. intermedium
References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 19, 32, 58, 61, 75, 90, 123, 131, 132, 150, Nied. = Stigmaphyllon emarginatum (Cav.) A. Juss.
151, 301, 308, 340. Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium (Desf. ex DC.) A. Juss. f. microphyllum
Stigmaphyllon faustinum C. Wright = Stigmaphyllon sagranum A. Juss. Nied. = Stigmaphyllon emarginatum (Cav.) A. Juss.
number 9 8 • 495
Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium (Desf. ex DC.) A. Juss. f. sericans Nied. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
= Stigmaphyllon emarginatum (Cav.) A. Juss. Common Names: Bejuco prieto (Dominican Republic), Dupuy, Montry
(Haiti).
Stigmaphyllon puberum (Rich.) A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13:
289. 1840; Banisteria pubera Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1:
109. 1792. Tetrapterys citrifolia sensu Liogier = Tetrapterys inaequalis Cav.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Tetrapterys citrifolia (Sw.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 508. 1805; Triopterys
Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. citrifolia Sw., Prodr. 75. 1788.
Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
America. References: 1, 2, 30, 152, 308.
Common Names: Aile à ravet, Liane à ravet (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 32, 58, 61, 75, 90, 301, 308. Tetrapterys cubensis Nied. = Tetrapterys aequalis C. Wright
Stigmaphyllon reticulatum A. Juss. = Stigmaphyllon sagranum A. Juss. Tetrapterys haitiensis Urb. & Nied., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 18. 1929.
Stigmaphyllon rhombifolium C. Wright = Stigmaphyllon diversifolium References: 5, 7, 308.
(Kunth) A. Juss.
Tetrapterys inaequalis Cav., Diss. 9: 433. 1790.
Stigmaphyllon rubrinervum Alain = Stigmaphyllon emarginatum (Cav.) Tetrapterys citrifolia sensu Liogier, Descr. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 330. 1988,
A. Juss. non (Sw.) Pers.
Stigmaphyllon sagranum A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 290. Tetrapterys paniculata Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 245. 1881.
1840 [as sagraeanum]. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto
Stigmaphyllon coccolobifolium Alain, Phytologia 8: 369. 1962. Rico, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Stigmaphyllon faustinum C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Vincent); possibly in Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas).
Méd. Habana 5: 244. 1868. Common Names: Aile à ravet (Lesser Antilles), Bejuco de paralejo,
Stigmaphyllon nipense Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 188. 1963. Bejuco de sopla (Puerto Rico).
Stigmaphyllon obtusum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou References: 1, 7, 32, 58, 61, 75, 308, 340.
36(2): 583. 1863. Tetrapterys paniculata Bello = Tetrapterys inaequalis Cav.
Stigmaphyllon reticulatum A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 290.
1840. Thryallis glauca (Cav.) Kuntze = Galphimia glauca Cav.
Stigmaphyllon sagranum A. Juss. var. angustifolium Kitan., God. Triopterys brittonii Small = Triopterys paniculata (Mill.) Small
Sofiisk. Univ. Biol. Fak., 2, Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast.
Triopterys buchii (Urb. & Nied.) Urb. & Nied., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 40.
66(2): 32. 1974 [“1971/1972”]
1926; Mascagnia buchii Urb. & Nied. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 2:
Stigmaphyllon sagranum A. Juss. f. primaevum Nied., Verzeichnis
452. 1901.
Vorles. Konigl. Akad. Braunsberg 1912-1913: 26. 1912.
Triopterys buchii (Urb. & Nied.) Urb. & Nied. var. jacquemontii Urb.
Stigmaphyllon sagraeanum A. Juss. f. wrightianum Nied., Banisteria
& Nied., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 40. 1926.
1899-1900: 11. 1899.
Triopterys buchii (Urb. & Nied.) Urb. & Nied. var. mascagnioides Urb.
& Nied., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 40. 1926.
Hispaniola.
Triopterys jacquemontii Urb. & Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Königl.
Common Names: Ahorca carnero, Alambrillo, Bejuco bergajo, Bejuco
prieto, Bejuco sabanero, Bejuco San Pedro, Bejuco san Pedro de
flor amarilla, Jútia, San Pedro (Cuba).
Hispaniola.
References: 7, 45, 90, 132, 308.
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 308.
Stigmaphyllon sagranum sensu Millsp. = Stigmaphyllon emarginatum
Triopterys buchii (Urb. & Nied.) Urb. & Nied. var. jacquemontii Urb.
(Cav.) A. Juss.
& Nied. = Triopterys buchii (Urb. & Nied.) Urb. & Nied.
Stigmaphyllon sagranum A. Juss. f. primaevum Nied. = Stigmaphyllon
Triopterys buchii (Urb. & Nied.) Urb. & Nied. var. mascagnioides Urb.
sagranum A. Juss.
& Nied. = Triopterys buchii (Urb. & Nied.) Urb. & Nied.
Stigmaphyllon sagranum A. Juss. f. wrightianum Nied. = Stigmaphyllon
Triopterys citrifolia Sw. = Tetrapterys citrifolia (Sw.) Pers.
sagranum A. Juss.
Triopterys havanensis Kunth = Triopterys jamaicensis L. var.
Stigmaphyllon sagranum A. Juss. var. angustifolium Kitan. =
jamaicensis
Stigmaphyllon sagranum A. Juss.
Triopterys hiraea Gaertn. = Adelphia hiraea (Gaertn.) W.R. Anderson
Stigmaphyllon sericeum C. Wright ex Griseb. = Stigmaphyllon
diversifolium (Kunth) A. Juss. Triopterys jacquemontii Urb. & Nied. = Triopterys buchii (Urb. &
Nied.) Urb. & Nied.
Stigmaphyllon tomentosum (Desf. ex DC.) Nied. = Stigmaphyllon
floribundum (DC.) C.E. Anderson Triopterys jamaicensis L., Sp. Pl. 428. 1753.
Triopterys havanensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Tetrapterys aequalis C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Habana 5: 286. 1868.
Triopterys lucida Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland
Tetrapterys cubensis Nied., Tetrapt. 43. 1909.
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 167. 1822 [“1821”].
Hispaniola.
Hispaniola.
References: 3, 5, 7, 152, 308.
Common Names: Amansa guapo, Bejuco sabanero, Bejuco San Pedro,
Tetrapterys buxifolia Cav., Diss. 9: 434. 1790; Adenoporces buxifolius Bejuco San Pedro de flor amarilla, Bejuco San Pedro de flor azul,
(Cav.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25(2): 128. 1910. Managuise, San Pedro de flor azul (Cuba).
References: 3, 45, 132, 151, 308. taxa. Since Meyer’s concepts are too contrasting from the
Note: In spite of its specific epithet, this species does not occur in Jamaica. traditional taxonomy of Malpighia, we feel that his system needs
further testing before it can be accepted.
Triopterys jamaicensis L. f. brittonii (L.) Nied. = Triopterys paniculata
(Mill.) Small
Triopterys jamaicensis L. f. obtusa Nied. = Triopterys paniculata (Mill.) Malvaceae
Small by L.J. Dorr
Triopterys jamaicensis L. var. ovata (Cav.) Nied. = Triopterys paniculata
(Mill.) Small Genera. Total: 64; native: 45; endemic: 3.
Triopterys jamaicensis L. var. typica Nied. = Triopterys paniculata
(Mill.) Small Abelmoschus abelmoschus (L.) H. Karst. = Abelmoschus moschatus
Triopterys lucida Kunth = Triopterys jamaicensis L. var. jamaicensis Medik.
Triopterys ovata Cav. = Triopterys paniculata (Mill.) Small Abelmoschus cryptocarpos (A. Rich.) Walp. = Hibiscus clypeatus L.
subsp. cryptocarpos (A. Rich.) O.J. Blanch. ex F. Areces & Fryxell
Triopterys ovata Cav. f. obtusa Nied. = Triopterys paniculata (Mill.)
Small Abelmoschus cubensis (A. Rich.) Walp. = Hibiscus striatus Cav. subsp.
lambertianus (Kunth) O.J. Blanch.
Triopterys ovata Cav. var. domingensis Nied. = Triopterys paniculata
(Mill.) Small Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, Methodus 617. 1794; Hibiscus
esculentus L., Sp. Pl. 696. 1753.
Triopterys paniculata (Mill.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25(2): 124. 1910;
Malpighia paniculata Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles
Triopterys brittonii Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25(2): 124. 1910.
(Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St.
Triopterys jamaicensis L. f. brittonii (L.) Nied. in H.G.A. Engler,
Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Martin), North America,
Pflanzenr. IV, 141 (Heft 91): 152. 1928.
Mexico, Central America, and South America; presumably native
Triopterys jamaicensis L. f. obtusa Nied. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr.
to southern Asia.
IV, 141 (Heft 91): 152. 1928.
Common Names: Okra (Bahamas), Bolondrón, Calalou gombaut,
Triopterys jamaicensis L. var. ovata (Cav.) Nied. in H.G.A. Engler,
Molondrón, Nafé, Quimbombó (Cuba), Molondrón, Okra
Pflanzenr. IV, 141 (Heft 91): 152. 1928; Triopterys ovata Cav.,
(Dominican Republic), Calalou, Calalou gombaut, Calalou
Diss. 9: 431. 1790.
gombo, Gombo, Gombo marrón, Gumbo (Haiti), Okra (Jamaica),
Triopterys jamaicensis L. var. typica Nied. in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr.
Chimbombó, Gumbo, Gombo, Gombo vrai (Guadeloupe), Gonbo,
IV, 141 (Heft 91): 152. 1928.
Guingambo, Guingambó, Molondron, Kimkambo, Okra, Orchra
Triopterys ovata Cav. var. domingensis Nied., Malpigh. Amer. 1: 10.
(Lesser Antilles), Guingambo, Guimgombó, Quimbombó, Gumbo,
1912.
Guingombó, Kinkamboo, Quingambó, Molondrón, Okra (Puerto
Triopterys ovata Cav. f. obtusa Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Königl.
Rico), Okra, Gumbo (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 31, 45, 58, 123, 131, 132, 224, 230, 445, 601,
603, 606, 609.
Jamaica.
Note: Abelmoschus is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed
References: 2, 3, 7, 152, 240, 308.
Hibiscus (603); this species is considrered invasive by CeNBIO.
Tetrapterys paniculata sensu A. Stahl = Stigmaphyllon floribundum
Abelmoschus moschatus Medik., Malvenfam. 46. 1787.
(DC.) C.E. Anderson
Hibiscus abelmoschus L., Sp. Pl. 696. 1753; Abelmoschus abelmoschus
Triopterys rigida Sw., Prodr. 75. 1788. (L.) H. Karst., Deutsch. Fl., ed. 2, 2: 157. 1894.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Hispaniola. Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Common Names: Bejuco san Pedro, Bejuco san Pedro de flor azul Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent); native to southeast
(Cuba). Asia, Malesia, and Australia.
References: 3, 5, 7, 308. Common Names: Abelmosco, Ambarina (Cuba), Albalia, Albangalia,
Algalia, Medic (Dominican Republic), Ambrette, Gombo marron,
DOUBTFUL NAMES
Gumbo (Haiti), Musk okra (Jamaica), Gombo maudi, Gombo
Bunchosia glandulosa (Cav.) DC. f. obovata Nied., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): modi, Algalia, Ambrette, Gambo musque, Gombo musqué (Lesser
21. 1929. Antilles), Ambarina, Algalia, Almizcle vegetal, Caballo asi, Malva
Distribution: Described from Hispaniola. almizclera (Puerto Rico).
References: 149, 308 References: 1, 2, 7, 31, 58, 123, 131, 132, 445, 601, 603, 606, 609.
Note: Unknown application.
Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex Hochr., Annuaire Conserv. Jard.
Stigmaphyllon palmatum (Cav.) A. Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: Bot. Genève 6: 22. 1902; Sida abutiloides Jacq., Observ. Bot. 1:
288. 1840. 17. 1764.
Stigmaphyllon sagittata Cav., Diss. 9: 430. t. 257. 1790. Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv.
Note: The type of these two names are supposedly from Hispaniola, but Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 547. 1924, comb. superfl.
according to Anderson (90) S. palmatum occurs only in French Abutilon decarpum Raf., New Fl. 1: 40. 1836.
Guiana and Pará, Brazil. Abutilon domingense Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou
Note: In treating Malpighia we take a cautiously conservative approach 31(1): 205. 1858.
by following Vivaldi’s (511) instead of Meyer’s (78) treatment. It Abutilon jacquinii G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 503. 1831.
seems odd that while they both examined in great part the same Lavatera americana L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1148. 1759; Sida americana
collections, Meyer ended up recognizing many new additional (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 963. 1763; Abutilon americanum (L.) Sweet,
Hort. Brit. 53. 1826, non J. Martyn, 1797.
number 9 8 • 497
Sida lignosa Cav., Diss. 1: 28. 1785; Abutilon lignosum (Cav.) G. Don, Sida elata Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 87. 1837; Abutilon elatum (Macfad.)
Gen. Hist. 1: 501. 1831; Abutilon lignosum (L.) A. Rich. in R. de Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 79. 1859.
la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 152. 1841 [“1845”], comb. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central
superfl. America, and South America.
Sida crassifolia L’Hér., Stirp. Nov. 125. 1789; Abutilon crassifolium References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 260.
(L’Hér.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 504. 1831. Abutilon graveolens (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Wight & Arn. var. hirtum
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto (Lam.) Mast. = Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), North America,
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Abutilon guineense (Schumach.) Baker f. & Exell, J. Bot. 74(Suppl.):
Common Names: Bushy abutilon (Bahamas), Yerba blanca (Dominican 22. 1936, var. guineense; Sida guineensis Schumach., Beskr. Guin.
Republic), Colle-colle, Feuilles bourgongnon, Feuilles lanchées, Pl. 307. 1827; Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet subsp. guineense
Feuilles lâchées, Herbe colle-colle, Grand moune, Pti-grande (Schumach.) Borss. Waalk., Blumea 14(1): 175. 1966; Abutilon
moune, Pets des vieux, Pété vié moune, Pété vié (Haiti). indicum (L.) Sweet var. guineense (Schumach.) K.M. Feng, Acta
References: 2, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 230, 260, 445, 601. Bot. Yunnan. 4(1): 28. 1982.
Abutilon asiaticum sensu authors, non (L.) Sweet, 1826.
Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex Britton & P. Wilson = Abutilon Distribution: Exotic in the Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbuda,
abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex Hochr. Montserrat); native to Africa but now pantropical.
Abutilon americanum (L.) Sweet = Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke References: 1, 30, 151.
Abutilon asiaticum sensu authors = Abutilon guineense (Schumach.) Abutilon haitiense Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 417. 1908.
Baker f. & Exell var. guineense Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Names: Herbe colle-colle, Pété vié moune, Ptigrand moune
Abutilon auritum (Wall. ex Link) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 53. 1826; Sida
(Haiti).
aurita Wall. ex Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 206. 1822.
References: 5, 7.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe,
Martinique); native to southeastern Asia and Australasia. Abutilon hernandioides (L’Hér.) Sweet = Wissadula hernandioides
References: 2, 609. (L’Hér.) Garcke
Abutilon buchii Urb., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 498. 1921. Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) A. Rich. = Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 53. 1826; Sida hirta Lam.,
Hispaniola. Encycl. 1: 7. 1783; Abutilon graveolens (Roxb. ex Hornem.)
Common Name: Coton marron (Haiti). Wight & Arn. var. hirtum (Lam.) Mast. in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit.
References: 7, 15, 260, 445. India 1: 327. 1874; Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet var. hirtum
Note: Fryxell (15) considers this name to be a synonym of Abutilon (Lam.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 78. 1859.
haitiense Urb. Abutilon indicum sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 240.
Abutilon commutatum K. Schum. = Abutilon hulseanum (Torr. & 1881, non (L.) Sweet, 1826.
A. Gray) Torr. ex A. Gray Abutilon indicum sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 72. 1884,
non (L.) Sweet, 1826.
Abutilon confertiflorum A. Rich. = Abutilon permolle (Willd.) Sweet
Abutilon pauciflorum sensu Millsp., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot.
Abutilon confertiflorum sensu Griseb. = Abutilon giganteum (Jacq.) Ser., 2(1): 70. 1900, non A. St.-Hil., 1827.
Sweet Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Abutilon crassifolium (L’Hér.) G. Don = Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser
Garcke ex Hochr. Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
Abutilon crispum (L.) Medik. = Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America;
Abutilon crispum (L.) Sweet = Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky native to Old World.
Common Names: Botón de oro (Cuba), Yerba blanca (Dominican
Abutilon crispum (L.) Sweet var. imberbe (DC.) Griseb. = Herissantia
Republic), Buenas tardes, Marie-l’hôpital, Mauve-savane, Grosse
crispa (L.) Brizicky
mauve (Lesser Antilles), Buenos días, Buenas tardes (Puerto Rico),
Abutilon croizatianum Moscoso = Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet var. Tresor (Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao).
indicum References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 224, 260, 301,
Abutilon cubanum Millsp. = Gaya occidentalis (L.) Sweet 340, 352, 445, 609.
Abutilon decarpum Raf. = Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex
Hochr. Abutilon hulseanum (Torr. & A. Gray) Torr. ex A. Gray, Mem. Amer.
Acad. Arts, n.s., 4: 23. 1849; Sida hulseana Torr. & A. Gary, Fl.
Abutilon deflexum Moench = Gaya occidentalis (L.) Sweet N. Amer. 1: 233. 1838.
Abutilon domingense Turcz. = Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex Abutilon commutatum K. Schum. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3):
Hochr. 405. 1891 [“1886-1892”].
Abutilon leucophaeum Hochr., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6:
Abutilon eggersii Baker f. = Phymosia abutiloides (L.) Ham.
15. 1902.
Abutilon elatum (Macfad.) Griseb. = Abutilon giganteum (Jacq.) Sweet Abutilon pauciflorum sensu authors, non A. St.-Hil., 1827.
Abutilon excelsior (Cav.) G. Don = Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) C. Presl Abutilon pedunculare sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 26. 1866, non
Kunth, 1822.
Abutilon giganteum (Jacq.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 53. 1826; Sida gigantea Abutilon pedunculare sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 240.
Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 8. 1797. 1881, non Kunth, 1822.
Abutilon confertiflorum sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 26. 1866, non Abutilon pedunculare sensu M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19:
A. Rich., 1841 [“1845”]. 219. 1890, non Kunth, 1822.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Abutilon lignosum (L.) A. Rich. = Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke
(Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat), North America, Mexico, ex Hochr.
and Central America. Abutilon lucianum (DC.) Sweet = Wissadula contracta (Link) R.E. Fr.
Common Names: Abutilon (Cuba), Mauve, Terciopelo (Lesser Antilles),
Pichana peduncular (Puerto Rico). Abutilon mollissimum (Cav.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 53. 1826; Sida
References: 1, 2, 61, 260, 601, 606, 609. mollissima Cav., Diss. 2: 49. 1786.
Sida cistiflora L’Hér., Stirp. Nov. 127. 1789.
Abutilon imberbe (DC.) G. Don = Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky Distribution: Native to Cuba and South America; reported for Puerto
Abutilon inclusum Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 416. 1908. Rico by Otero et al. (131).
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola. Common Name: Abutilón amarillo (Puerto Rico).
Common Name: Guimauve (Haiti). References: 3, 131, 224, 260.
References: 3, 5, 7, 260. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 54. 1826, var. indicum; Sida Abutilon occidentale (L.) Medik. = Gaya occidentalis (L.) Sweet
indica L., Cent. Pl. 2: 26. 1756. Abutilon pauciflorum sensu Millsp. = Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet
Abutilon leiospermum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 79. 1859.
Abutilon subpapyraceum Hochr., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève Abutilon pauciflorum sensu authors = Abutilon hulseanum (Torr. &
6: 23. 1902. A. Gray) Torr. ex A. Gray
Sida pubescens Cav., Diss. 1: 33. 1785; Abutilon pubescens (Cav.) Urb., Abutilon pedunculare sensu Bello = Abutilon hulseanum (Torr. &
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 32. 1919, non Moench, 1794; A. Gray) Torr. ex A. Gray
Abutilon croizatianum Moscoso, Cat. Fl. Domingensis 1: 356.
Abutilon pedunculare sensu M. Gómez = Abutilon hulseanum (Torr. &
1943, as a new name
A. Gray) Torr. ex A. Gray
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Abutilon pedunculare sensu Griseb. = Abutilon hulseanum (Torr. &
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, A. Gray) Torr. ex A. Gray
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Abutilon periplocifolium (L.) Rich. = Wissadula periplocifolia (L.)
Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Martin), North America, Mexico, and C. Presl ex Thwaites
South America.
Common Names: Buenas tardes, Botón de oro, Malva blanca, Doce Abutilon periplocifolium (L.) Sweet = Wissadula periplocifolia (L.)
del día (Cuba), Mauve églantine (Haiti), Monkey bush, Mauve, C. Presl ex Thwaites
Guimauve (Lesser Antilles), Buenas tardes, Pichana mocha (Puerto Abutilon permolle (Willd.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 53. 1826; Sida permollis
Rico). Willd., Enum. Pl. 2: 728. 1809.
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 31, 45, 58, 61, 131, 132, 224, 260, 445, 606, Abutilon confertiflorum A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
609. Vasc. 153. 1841 [“1845”].
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet subsp. guineense (Schumach.) Borss. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, North America, Mexico, Central America,
Waalk. = Abutilon guineense (Schumach.) Baker f. & Exell var. and South America.
guineense Common Name: Velvety abutilon (Bahamas).
References: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 45, 260, 601.
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet var. guineense (Schumach.) K.M. Feng =
Abutilon guineense (Schumach.) Baker f. & Exell var. guineense Abutilon picardae Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 417. 1908.
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet var. hirtum (Lam.) Griseb. = Abutilon References: 5, 7.
hirtum (Lam.) Sweet
Abutilon pubescens (Cav.) Urb. = Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet var.
Abutilon indicum sensu Bello = Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet indicum
Abutilon indicum sensu A. Stahl = Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet Abutilon spicatum Kunth = Briquetia spicata (Kunth) Fryxell
Abutilon jacquinii G. Don = Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex Abutilon striatum Dicks. ex Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): t.
Hochr. 39. 1839.
Abutilon leiospermum Griseb. = Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet var. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Lesser Antilles; native to Central and
indicum South America.
References: 1, 601.
Abutilon leiospermum sensu A. Stahl = Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth
var. viscosa Abutilon subpapyraceum Hochr. = Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet var.
indicum
Abutilon leiospermum sensu Bello = Pseudabutilon umbellatum (L.)
Fryxell Abutilon theophrasti Medik., Malvenfam. 28. 1787; Sida abutilon L.,
Sp. Pl. 685. 1753.
Abutilon leonardii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 190. 1922.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas and Cuba; probably native to the
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and
Mediterranean region.
Hispaniola.
Common Names: Velvet leaf (Bahamas), Yute de China (Cuba).
Common Name: Woolly abutilon (Bahamas).
References: 5, 7, 45, 156.
Abutilon trichodum A. Rich. = Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky
Abutilon leucophaeum Hochr. = Abutilon hulseanum (Torr. & A. Gray)
Torr. ex A. Gray Abutilon triquetrum (L.) A. Rich. = Abutilon trisulcatum (Jacq.) Urb.
Abutilon lignosum (Cav.) G. Don = Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke Abutilon triquetrum Sweet = Abutilon trisulcatum (Jacq.) Urb.
ex Hochr.
number 9 8 • 499
Abutilon trisulcatum (Jacq.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: Althaea racemosa Sw. = Pavonia paludicola Nicolson ex Fryxell
32. 1919; Sida trisulcata Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 26. 1760. Althaea rosea (L.) Cav. = Alcea rosea L.
Sida triquetra L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 962. 1763, nom. illeg.; Abutilon
triquetrum Sweet, Hort. Brit. 53. 1826; Abutilon triquetrum Anoda acerifolia Cav., Anales Ci. Nat. 6: 336. 1803, non (Zucc.) DC.,
(L.) A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 151. 1824.
1841 [“1845”], nom. illeg.; Bastardia triquetra (L.) Morales in Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 218. 1890. Antilles (Barbados), Tobago, Mexico, Central America, and South
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, North America.
America, Mexico, and Central America. Common Names: Anoda, Violeta (Cuba), Violeta (Dominican
Common Name: Escoba cimarrona (Cuba). Republic).
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 260, 445, 601. References: 1, 2, 7, 58, 61, 75, 294, 301, 445.
Abutilon truncatum (Cav.) G. Don = Sida cordifolia L. Anoda acerifolia sensu authors = Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl.
Abutilon umbellatum (L.) Sweet = Pseudabutilon umbellatum (L.) Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl., Linnaea 11: 210. 1836; Sida cristata L., Sp.
Fryxell Pl. 685. 1753.
Anoda acerifolia sensu authors, non Cav., 1803.
Abutilon umbellatum (L.) Sweet subsp. glutinosum R.E. Fr. = Anoda hastata Cav., Diss. 1: 38. 1785, nom. illeg.; Cavanillea hastata
Pseudabutilon umbellatum (L.) Fryxell (Cav.) Medik., Malvenfam. 19. 1787, nom. illeg.
Abutilon virginianum Krapov. = Bastardiopsis eggersii (Baker f.) Fuertes Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, North
& Fryxell America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Anoda, Violeta (Cuba, Puerto Rico).
Achania coccinea Salisb. = Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 260, 601, 606.
Achania malvaviscus (L.) Sw. = Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.
Anoda hastata Cav. = Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl.
Achania pilosa Sw. = Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.
Apeiba tibourbou Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 538. 1775.
Achania poeppigii Spreng. = Hibiscus poeppigii (Spreng.) Garcke Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St.
Adansonia digitata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1382. 1759. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin America.
Islands (St. Croix); native to Africa. References: 1, 151, 450.
Common Names: Pan de mono, Pan de manos, Baobab (Cuba), Baobab Armouria beata Lewton = Thespesia beatensis (Urb.) Fryxell
(Dominican Republic), Mapou étranger, Mapou zombi, Mapou
Atkinsia cubensis (Britton & P. Wilson) R.A. Howard = Thespesia
étrager, Mapou africain, Baobab (Haiti), Baobab (Puerto Rico),
cubensis (Britton & P. Wilson) J.B. Hutch.
Baobab, Pain de synge (Guadeloupe).
References: 5, 7, 131, 295, 445, 601, 606. Ayenia ardua Cristóbal, Opera Lilloana 4: 128. 1960.
Ayenia pusilla sensu authors, non L., 1759.
Akrosida floribunda Fryxell & Clase, Brittonia 59: 385. 2007.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Mexico.
References: 2, 3, 7, 179, 228, 437, 445.
Note: Doubtfully distinct from Ayenia insulicola Cristóbal. Reported
Alcea indica Burm. f. = Hibiscus indicus (Burm. f.) Hochr. from Virgin Gorda by Little et al. (228), but perhaps confused
Alcea rosea L., Sp. Pl. 687. 1753; Althaea rosea (L.) Cav., Diss. 2: 91. with A. insulicola.
1786. Ayenia cajalbanensis Alain, Candollea 17: 119. 1960.
Althaea caribaea Sims, Bot. Mag. 44: t. 1916. 1817. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands References: 3, 39, 179.
(Tortola), Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent), North America, Mexico, Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Central America, and South America; native to Old World and Cuba (39).
possibly China.
Ayenia cubensis A. Rodr. & Bisse, Feddes Repert. 96: 527. 1985.
Common Names: Varita de San José (Cuba, Dominican Republic), Rose
trémière, Vara de San José, Hollyhock (Lesser Antilles), Varilla de
Reference: 179.
San José (Puerto Rico), Hollyhock (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 231, 252, 260, 262, 282, 445, Ayenia euphrasifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 29. 1866, subsp.
601. euphrasifolia; Byttneria euphrasifolia (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales
Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 217. 1890 [as Buettneria].
Allosidastrum pyramidatum (Desp. ex Cav.) Krapov., Fryxell & D.M.
Bates, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25: 74. 1988; Sida pyramidata Desp. ex
References: 3, 150, 179, 437, 601.
Cav., Diss. 1: 11. 1785.
Sida dumosa Sw., Prodr. 101. 1788. Ayenia euphrasifolia Griseb. subsp. litoralis A. Rodr., Feddes Repert.
Sida leiophylla Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 121. 1826. 96: 525. 1985.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Martinique), Mexico, Central Reference: 179.
America, and South America. Ayenia euphrasifolia Griseb. subsp. ophiticola A. Rodr., Feddes Repert.
Common Name: Yerba de aura (Cuba). 96: 525. 1985.
References: 1, 7, 16, 58, 61, 132, 152, 160, 230, 260, 445, 601, 609. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Althaea caribaea Sims. = Alcea rosea L. Reference: 179.
Althaea corymbosa Sw. = Pavonia corymbosa (Sw.) Willd. Ayenia insulicola Cristóbal, Opera Lilloana 4: 164. 1960.
Ayenia pusilla sensu authors, non L., 1759.
Althaea indica (Burm. f.) Steud. = Hibiscus indicus (Burm. f.) Hochr.
Byttneria pusilla sensu authors, non (L.) M. Gómez, 1890. Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 256. 1822,
Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. var. viscosa; Sida viscosa L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1145. 1759.
John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles Abutilon leiospermum sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 73.
(Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. 1884, non Griseb., 1859.
Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Martin), and Curaçao. Bastardia cubensis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 457. 1913;
References: 1, 3, 7, 19, 45, 58, 179, 437, 445. Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. cubensis (Gand.) R.E. Fr., Kongl.
Note: Doubtfully distinct from Ayenia ardua Cristóbal. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 24(2): 20. 1947.
Bastardia parvifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Ayenia laevigata Sw., Prodr. 97. 1788, var. laevigata
Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. parvifolia (Kunth) Griseb., Fl.
Reference: 2.
Brit. W. I. 80. 1859.
Ayenia laevigata Sw. var. acuminata C.D. Adams, Phytologia 20: 309. Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth f. crenulata R.E. Fr., Kongl. Svenska
1970. Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 24(2): 21. 1947.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth f. subtriloba R.E. Fr., Kongl. Svenska
Reference: 2. Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 24(2): 20. 1947.
Ayenia magna L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1247. 1759. Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. abutiloides R.E. Fr., Kongl. Svenska
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Bonaire, Curaçao, Mexico, and South Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 24(2): 21. 1947.
America. Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. macrantha R.E. Fr., Kongl. Svenska
References: 2, 285, 437. Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 24(2): 21. 1947.
Sida bastardia DC., Prodr. 1: 467. 1824.
Ayenia pusilla sensu authors = Ayenia ardua Cristóbal Sida pannosa Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(2): 565.
Ayenia pusilla sensu authors = Ayenia insulicola Cristóbal 1863.
Ayenia spinosa A. Rodr. & Bisse, Feddes Repert. 96: 526. 1985.
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
Reference: 179.
Guadeloupe, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Aruba,
Ayenia tenuicaulis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 234. 1924. Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America,
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba. and South America.
References: 3, 30, 45, 179. Common Names: Viscid bastardia (Bahamas), Malva bruja, Escoba
Ayenia velutina Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 234. 1924. de bruja (Cuba), Yerba blanca cimarrona, Escobita (Dominican
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Republic), Pète (Haiti), Viscid mallow, Balai-grand (Lesser Antilles),
References: 3, 30, 179. Malva viscosa, Escoba babosa (Puerto Rico), Viscid mallow (Virgin
Islands), Basora blanku (Bonaire), Siama (Curaçao).
Ayenia violacea Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 282. 1912. References: 1, 2, 4, 7, 16, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 151,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and 152, 156, 260, 266, 323, 301, 323, 445, 601, 609.
Hispaniola.
Common Name: Gai lapín (Haiti). Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth f. crenulata R.E. Fr. = Bastardia viscosa
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 179, 437, 445. (L.) Kunth var. viscosa
Ayenia virgata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 78. 1926. Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth f. subtriloba R.E. Fr. = Bastardia viscosa
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola. (L.) Kunth var. viscosa
References: 3, 5, 7, 179. Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. abutiloides R.E. Fr. = Bastardia
Bartramia indica L. = Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. viscosa (L.) Kunth var. viscosa
Bastardia bivalvis (Cav.) Kunth ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 80. 1859; Sida Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. cubensis (Gand.) R.E. Fr. = Bastardia
bivalvis Cav., Diss. 1: 13. 1785. viscosa (L.) Kunth var. viscosa
Bastardia bivalvis (Cav.) Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. fragrans (L’Hér.) Baker f. = Bastardia
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 255. 1822, bivalvis (Cav.) Kunth
nom. illeg.
Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. macrantha R.E. Fr. = Bastardia viscosa
Sida fragrans L’Hér., Stirp. Nov. 111: 1789; Bastardia viscosa (L.)
(L.) Kunth var. viscosa
Kunth var. fragrans (L’Hér.) Baker f., J. Bot. 31: 68. 1893.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. parvifolia (Kunth) Griseb. = Bastardia
Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America. viscosa (L.) Kunth var. viscosa
Common Names: Coton, Colle-colle, Escoba babosa (Puerto Rico). Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. sanctae-crucis R.E. Fr., Kongl.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 16, 58, 61, 131, 260, 323, 445, 601. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 24(2): 22. 1947.
Note: The combination is frequently attributed to Kunth, but he did not Distribution: Native to Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John), Lesser
satisfy the requirements for valid publication of the combination Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, St. Barthélemy, St.
(McNeill et al., 2006; Art. 33.1). Martin), and Curaçao.
Bastardia bivalvis (Cav.) Kunth = Bastardia bivalvis (Cav.) Kunth ex References: 1, 19.
Griseb. Note: Distinguished from the nominate variety by the absence of
glandular hairs.
Bastardia cubensis Gand. = Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. viscosa
Bastardiopsis eggersii (Baker f.) Fuertes & Fryxell, Mem. New York
Bastardia parvifolia Kunth = Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. viscosa
Bot. Gard. 78: 310. 1996; Sida eggersii Baker f., J. Bot. 30: 139.
Bastardia triquetra (L.) Morales = Abutilon trisulcatum (Jacq.) Urb. 1892, non Gand., 1924.
number 9 8 • 501
Abutilon virginianum Krapov., Bonplandia (Corrientes) 3(3): 44. 1969. Bubroma grandiflorum Willd. ex Spreng. = Theobroma subincanum
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico (Culebra Is.) and the Virgin Mart.
Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, Tortola). Bupariti populnea (L.) Rothm. = Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa
Byttneria catalpifolia Jacq. subsp. catalpifolia, Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr.
Belotia caribaea Sprague = Trichospermum lessertianum (Hochr.) Dorr 1: 21. 1797 [as catalpaefolia].
Belotia grewiifolia sensu authors, non A. Rich. = Trichospermum Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Trinidad and Tobago, Mexico,
lessertianum (Hochr.) Dorr Central America, and South America.
Common Name: Bija cimarrona (Dominican Republic).
Belotia grewiifolia A. Rich. var. lessertiana (Hochr.) Vict. =
Trichospermum lessertianum (Hochr.) Dorr
Byttneria ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 80. 1930.
Belotia lessertiana Hochr. = Trichospermum lessertianum (Hochr.) Dorr
Berrya cordifolia (Willd.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: References: 7, 436, 445.
606. 1926; Espera cordifolia Willd., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin
Byttneria euphrasifolia (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Ayenia euphrasifolia
Neue Schriften 3: 449. 1801.
Griseb.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Kitts), and
Trinidad; native to southeast Asia. Byttneria microphylla Jacq., Hort. Bot. Vindob. 1: 10. 1770 [as
Reference: 151. Bytneria].
Byttneria scorpiura Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 29. 1866 [as Buettneria].
Berrya cubensis (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Carpodiptera cubensis Griseb.
subsp. cubensis
Hispaniola.
Berrya hexaptera (Urb. & Ekman) Kosterm. = Carpodiptera hexaptera Common Name: Zarza (Dominican Republic).
Urb. & Ekman References: 3, 5, 7, 179, 436, 445.
Bombacopsis cubensis A. Robyns = Pachira cubensis (A. Robyns) Fern. Byttneria pusilla sensu authors = Ayenia insulicola Cristóbal
Alonso
Byttneria scorpiura Griseb. = Byttneria microphylla Jacq.
Bombacopsis emarginata (A. Rich.) A. Robyns = Pachira emarginata
Cacao minus Gaertn. = Theobroma cacao L.
A. Rich.
Cacao theobroma Tussac = Theobroma cacao L.
Bombax aesculifolium Kunth = Ceiba aesculifolia (Kunth) Britton &
Baker f. Carolinea alba sensu Millsp. = Pseudobombax ellipticum (Kunth)
Dugand
Bombax ceiba L., Sp. Pl. 511. 1753.
Bombax heptaphyllum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 457. 1767. Carolinea insignis Sw. = Pachira insignis (Sw.) Sw. ex Sauvigny
Bombax tussacii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 171. 1918. Carpodiptera cubensis Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 164. 1860, subsp.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Lesser Antilles cubensis; Berrya cubensis (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp.
(Guadeloupe); native to tropical Asia. Hist. Nat. 19: 215. 1890.
Common Name: Fromager (Haiti). Carpodiptera mirabilis Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 598. 1974.
References: 123, 439. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Bombax ellipticum Kunth = Pseudobombax ellipticum (Kunth) Hispaniola; exotic in Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Dugand Grenadines, Martinique, St. Vincent).
Common Names: Majagüilla, Majagua de costa, Majagua de Cuba,
Bombax emarginatum (A. Rich.) C. Wright = Pachira emarginata
Majagua de pinar, Majagua del pinar (Cuba), Feuilles d’ortie, Bois
A. Rich.
blanc, Bois d’ortie, Bois d’ortie blanc, Bois d’ordie rouge, Ortie
Bombax heptaphyllum L. = Bombax ceiba L. blanche, Z’ortie bois blanc (Haiti).
Bombax pentandrum L. = Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. References: 3, 5, 7, 31, 180, 427, 445, 601.
Bombax pyramidale Cav. ex Lam. = Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Threatened Species.
Lam.) Urb.
Carpodiptera cubensis Griseb. subsp. ophiticola (Bisse) A. Rodr.,
Bombax tussacii Urb. = Bombax ceiba L. Feddes Repert. 85: 599. 1974; Carpodiptera ophiticola Bisse,
Bombycella betulina Bello = Hibiscus pheoniceus Jacq. Feddes Repert. 85: 599. 1974.
Bombycella phoenicea (Jacq.) Bello = Hibiscus phoeniceus Jacq.
Briquetia spicata (Kunth) Fryxell, Brittonia 28: 231. 1976; Abutilon Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
spicatum Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland Species.
& C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 271. 1822;
Carpodiptera hexaptera Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 76. 1926;
Pseudabutilon spicatum (Kunth) R.E. Fr., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.
Berrya hexaptera (Urb. & Ekman) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7(5):
Acad. Handl., ser. 2, 43(4): 98. 1908; Sida spicata (Kunth) Salzm.
424. 1969.
ex K. Schum. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3): 448. 1891
[“1886-1892”]; Wissadula spicata (Kunth) C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk.
2: 117. 1835.
Sida spiciflora DC., Prodr. 1: 468. 1824. Carpodiptera mirabilis Bisse = Carpodiptera cubensis Griseb. subsp.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South cubensis
America. Carpodiptera ophiticola Bisse = Carpodiptera cubensis Griseb. subsp.
References: 3, 151, 224, 260, 601. ophiticola (Bisse) A. Rodr.
Carpodiptera simonis Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 16. 1909. Hibiscus redoutei Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 69. 1891.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Kosteletzkya pentasperma sensu Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 30. 1879, non (L.)
Common Name: Bois d’ortie rouge (Haiti). O.J. Blanch., Fryxell, & D.M. Bates, 1978.
References: 5, 7, 30, 445 Distribution: Native to Cuba, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Margarita,
Cavanillea hastata (Cav.) Medik. = Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl. Tobago, Trinidad, and South America.
References: 3, 61, 260, 301, 323.
Ceiba aesculifolia (Kunth) Britton & Baker f., J. Bot. 34: 175. 1896;
Bombax aesculifolium Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Cienfuegosia yucatanensis Millsp., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser.,
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 298. 1822. 2(1): 74. 1900.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native to Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, United States (FL), and Mexico.
Mexico and Central America. References: 3, 45, 260.
Common Name: Pochote (Puerto Rico). Clompanus caribaea (R. Br.) Kuntze = Sterculia caribaea R. Br.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 131, 435.
Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott & Endl., Melet. Bot. 33. 1832;
Ceiba anfractuosa (DC.) M. Gómez = Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Sterculia acuminata P. Beauv., Fl. Owar. 1: 41. 1805.
Ceiba caribaea (DC.) A. Chev. = Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Cola vera K. Schum., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 15. 1900.
Ceiba insignis (Kunth) P.E. Gibbs & Semir, Notes R. Bot. Gard. Antilles; native to West Africa.
Edinburgh 45: 134. 1988; Chorisia insignis Kunth in F.W.H.A. Common Names: Cola, Nuez de cola (Cuba), Palo de col, Palo de cola,
von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. Cola (Dominican Republic), Kolatier (Haiti), Nuez de cola, Cola,
(quarto ed.) 5: 297. 1822. Cola nut (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to South America. References: 1, 5, 7, 58, 123, 131, 132, 151, 445, 606.
Common Name: Estrella federal (Dominican Republic).
References: 7, 435, 445. Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl., Melet. Bot. 33. 1832; Sterculia
nitida Vent., Jard. Malmaison, t. 91. 1805.
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2(2): 244. 1791; Bombax Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Lesser Antilles (Dominica);
pentandrum L., Sp. Pl. 511. 1753. native to West Africa.
Eriodendron anfractuosum DC., Prodr. 1: 479. 1824; Ceiba Common Name: Cola (Dominican Republic).
anfractuosa (DC.) M. Gómez, Fl. Habanera 141. 1897. References: 1, 31, 123.
Eriodendron anfractuosum DC. var. caribaeum DC., Prodr. 1: 479.
1824; Ceiba caribaea (DC.) A. Chev., Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. Cola vera K. Schum. = Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott & Endl.
17: 264. 1937; Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. var. caribaea (DC.) Corchorus acutangulus Lam. = Corchorus aestuans L.
Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 6: 194. 1924; Eriodendron
Corchorus aestuans L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1079. 1759.
caribaeum (DC.) G. Don in J.C. Loudon, Hort. Brit. 292. 1830.
Corchorus acutangulus Lam., Encycl. 2: 104. 1786.
Rico, Virgin Islands (Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St.
Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Montserrat,
Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St.
St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Bonaire, Curaçao,
Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America,
Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South
and South America.
America.
Common Names: Silk-cotton tree (Bahamas), Ceiba, Ceiba real, Seiba
Common Names: Balai-savane (Lesser Antilles).
(Cuba), Ceiba (Dominican Republic), Fromager, Mapou, Mapou
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 180, 224, 301, 323, 445.
coton, Fromagier (Haiti), Silk cotton tree (Jamaica), Fromager,
Silk cotton tree, Mapou rouge, Kapokier, Pin tree, Fonjajé, Mapou
(Lesser Antilles), Ceiba, Kapok, Silk cotton (Puerto Rico), Jumbie Corchorus capsularis L., Sp. Pl. 529. 1753.
tree, Kapok tree, Silk-cotton tree (Virgin Islands), Bois épineux, Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Lesser
Fromager (Guadeloupe). Antilles (Martinique, St. Thomas); native to Asia.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 131, 172, 301, 323, 435, 445, Common Names: Yute (Cuba), Yute-yute, Yute (Puerto Rico).
601, 606. References: 4, 131, 132.
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. var. caribaea (DC.) Bakh. = Ceiba Corchorus detersilis Gand. = Corchorus hirsutus L.
pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Corchorus hirsutus L., Sp. Pl. 530. 1753.
Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna, Onira 3: 46. 1998; Chorisia Corchorus arenarius Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
speciosa A. St.-Hil., Pl. Usuel. Bras. 63. 1827. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 339. 1823.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native Corchorus detersilis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 457. 1913.
to South America. Corchorus hirtus sensu Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mex., ed. 2, 131. 1894, non
Common Names: Ceiba orquídea (Cuba), Estrella federal (Dominican L., 1762.
Republic), Chorisia (Puerto Rico). Corchorus lanuginosus Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 108. 1837.
References: 7, 131, 132, 435, 445. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St.
Chorisia insignis Kunth = Ceiba insignis (Kunth) P.E. Gibbs & Semir
Chorisia speciosa A. St.-Hil. = Ceiba speciosa (St.-Hil.) Ravenna Guadeloupe, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
Cienfuegosia heterophylla (Vent.) Garcke, Bonplandia 8: 150. 1860; Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and Venezuela.
Redutea heterophylla Vent., Descr. Pl. Nouv., t. 11. 1800; Fugosia Common Names: Jack switch, Mallet, Woolly corchorus (Bahamas),
heterophylla (Vent.) Spach., Hist. Veg. Phan. 3: 397. 1834. Gringuelé, Malva blanca de costa, Cadillo, Gallito cimarrón,
Malva de chivo, Malva de oveja, Marilópez, Tremolina blanca
number 9 8 • 503
(Dominican Republic), Culmanne, Gulmanne, Sifflet (Haiti), References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 31, 45, 58, 61, 75, 180, 301, 323, 340,
Cadillo, Malvaté, Malva té de la playa (Puerto Rico), Funfun 445, 601, 606.
(Aruba), Basora kòrá (Bonaire), Yerba di salu (Curaçao). Corchorus tridens L., Mant. Pl. 2: 566. 1771.
References: 1, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 180, 150, 224, 323, Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Barbados) and South America;
445, 601, 606. native to Africa, Madagascar, Asia, and Australia.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Reference: 254 (H.F.A. Eggers 7368).
Corchorus hirtus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 747. 1762. Corchorus trilocularis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 369. 1767.
Corchorus pilolobus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 72. 1822. Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Antigua); native to Africa and
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Asia.
Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Reference: 254 (H.E. Box 1143).
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St.
Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, United States (FL, LA, TX), Mexico, Dombeya angulata Cav., Diss. 3: 123. 1787.
Central America, and South America. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to La Réunion.
Common Names: Malva de té, Malva platanilla, Malva platanillo References: 7, 445.
(Cuba), Jack-Switch, Malvavisco, Yeerba die hija (Curaçao), Dombeya x cayeuxii André, Rev. Hort. 69: 545. 1897.
Escoba (Dominican Republic), Balai velu, Petit balai, Petit balai Dombeya wallichii sensu authors, non André, 1897.
velu (Lesser Antilles), Malvaté, Malva té (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
References: 1, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 150, 180, 301, 323, 445, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Corchorus hirtus sensu Sessé & Moc. = Corchorus hirsutus L. Note: This is an artificially produced hybrid, now established in
gardens in Europe, the Americas, and elsewhere. One of its parents
Corchorus hirtus L. var. orinocensis (Kunth) K. Schum. = Corchorus is Dombeya wallichii (Lindl.) Baill.
orinocensis Kunth
Dombeya mollis Hook., Bot. Mag. 77: t. 4578. 1851.
Corchorus lanuginosus Macfad. = Corchorus hirsutus L. Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique) and South America;
Corchorus olitorius L., Sp. Pl. 529. 1753. native to Madagascar.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Virgin Reference: 254 (Duss 2038).
Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Dombeya wallichii (Lindl.) Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 495.
Guadeloupe, Martinique), Tobago, and Trinidad; native to tropical 1885; Astrapaea wallichii Lindl., Coll. Bot. t. 14. 1821.
Asia. Astrapaea penduliflora DC., Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 4: 90. 1828;
Common Names: Granigrain, Indian corchorus (Bahamas), Ñénguere, Dombeya penduliflora (DC.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist.
Gringuelé, Gregre, Gregré, Grengué, Gringuele, Grénguere, Nat. 19: 216. 1890.
Guinguele, Yute (Cuba), Ti-lalo, Petit lalou, Petit lalo, Ti-lalou, Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Martinique);
Lalou, Lalo, Feuilles lalo (Haiti), Jew’s mallow (Jamaica). native to Madagascar.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 31, 45, 180, 224, 254, 294, 301, 445, 601. Common Names: Dombeya, Astrapea (Cuba), Maravilla, Bejuco de
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. berraco, Bejuco de barraco (Dominican Republic).
Corchorus orinocensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. References: 7, 132, 151, 159, 445, 601.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 337. 1823; Endosteira oppositifolia Turcz. = Cassipourea guianensis Aubl.
Corchorus hirtus L. var. orinocensis (Kunth) K. Schum. in C.F.P. (Rhizophoraceae)
von Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3): 127. 1886 [“1886-1892”].
Corchorus hirtus sensu authors, non L., 1762. Eriodendron anfractuosum DC. = Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Eriodendron anfractuosum DC. var. caribaeum DC. = Ceiba pentandra
(Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, (L.) Gaertn.
Eriodendron caribaeum (DC.) G. Don = Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.
Common Name: Funfun muhé (Curaçao).
References: 6, 58. Espera cordifolia Willd. = Berrya cordifolia (Willd.) Burret
Corchorus pilolobus Link = Corchorus hirtus L. Fioria vitifolia (L.) Mattei = Hibiscus vitifolius L.
Corchorus siliquosus L., Sp. Pl. 529. 1753. Fugosia heterophylla (Vent.) Spach. = Cienfuegosia heterophylla (Vent.)
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Garcke
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Gaya affinis A. Rich. = Gaya occidentalis (L.) Sweet
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Gaya domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 278. 1912.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Martin, Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, and South America (Venezuela and
St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, United States (FL), Brazil).
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. References: 5, 7, 30, 445.
Common Names: Smooth corchorus (Bahamas), Balai doux, Balai lalo, Gaya occidentalis (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 64. 1830; Sida
Malva de castilla, Malva té, Platanillo, Té de la tierra (Cuba), occidentalis L., Cent. Pl. 2: 26. 1756; Abutilon occidentale (L.)
Malva té, Brusca dulce, Escoba, Escoba dulce, Lalo, Marilópez Medik., Malvenfam. 29. 1787.
(Dominican Republic), Ti-lalo, Balai glisse, Guimauve à petites Abutilon cubanum Millsp., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser., 2(1):
fleurs, Lalou, Balai lalou, Balai delou, Pti-lalou, Ti-lalou, Petit 70. 1900.
lalou, Petit lalo (Haiti), Slippery bur (Jamaica), Petit balai, Balai- Abutilon deflexum Moench, Methodus 1: 620. 1794.
savane (Lesser Antilles), Escoba blanca, Broomweed, Broom-weed, Gaya affinis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 157.
Malva té (Puerto Rico), Broom-weed (Virgin Islands). 1841 [“1845”].
Sida cubensis D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 4: 851. 1847. Gossypium barbadense sensu A. Stahl = Gossypium hirsutum L.
Sida deflexa Cav., Anales Ci. Nat. 6: 337. 1803. Gossypium barbadense L. var. acuminatum (Roxb. ex G. Don) Triana
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (St. & Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 17: 171. 1862; Gossypium
Barthélemy), Mexico, and Central America. acuminatum Roxb. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 487. 1831.
Common Names: Botón de oro (Cuba), Escoba dulce (Dominican Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico; native to
Republic). tropical America.
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 260, 434, 445, 601, 609. Common Name: Kidney cotton (Jamaica).
Gayoides crispa (L.) Small = Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky References: 2, 58, 224, 252.
Note: This variety is often subsumed under the nominate one;
Gayoides imberbis (DC.) Small = Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky
considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Gossypium acuminatum Roxb. ex G. Don = Gossypium barbadense L.
Gossypium barbadense L. var. brasiliense (Macfad.) Mauer =
var. acuminatum (Roxb. ex G. Don) Triana & Planch.
Gossypium barbadense L. var. barbadense
Gossypium arboreum L., Sp. Pl. 693. 1753.
Gossypium barbadense L. var. hirsutum (L.) Triana & Planch. =
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico (Mona Is.), and Virgin
Gossypium hirsutum L. var. hirsutum
Islands (Tortola); native to India but now widely cultivated.
Common Name: Algodón (Cuba). Gossypium barbadense L. var. integrum Griseb. = Gossypium
References: 233, 601. barbadense L. var. barbadense,
Gossypium arboretum sensu authors = Gossypium barbadense L. Gossypium barbadense L. var. marie-galante (G. Watt) A. Chev. =
Gossypium hirsutum L.
Gossypium barbadense L. subsp. peruvianum (Cav.) Roberty =
Gossypium barbadense L. var. barbadense Gossypium barbadense L. var. pedatum (G. Watt) Roberty =
Gossypium barbadense L., Sp. Pl. 693. 1753, var. barbadense; Hibiscus
barbadensis (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 67. 1891. Gossypium barbadense L. var. peruvianum (Cav.) Mauer = Gossypium
Gossypium arboretum sensu authors, non L., 1753. barbadense L. var. barbadense
Gossypium barbadense L. var. integrum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 86. 1859. Gossypium birkinshawii G. Watt = Gossypium hirsutum L.
Gossypium brasiliense Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 72. 1837; Gossypium
barbadense L. var. brasiliense (Macfad.) Mauer, Trudy Prikl. Bot., Gossypium divaricatum Raf. = Gossypium hirsutum L.
Priloz. 47: 441. 1930. Gossypium ekmanianum Wittm. = Gossypium hirsutum L.
Gossypium lapideum Tussac, Fl. Antill. 2: 67. 1818.
Gossypium harrisii G. Watt = Gossypium hirsutum L.
Gossypium pedatum G. Watt, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 349.
1927; Gossypium barbadense L. var. pedatum (G. Watt) Roberty, Gossypium herbaceum L., Sp. Pl. 693. 1753.
Candollea 10: 388. 1946. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Hispaniola; native to Old World.
Gossypium peruvianum Cav., Diss. 6: 313. 1788; Gossypium barbadense Common Names: Algodón (Cuba), Algodón morado (Dominican
L. var. peruvianum (Cav.) Mauer, Trudy Prikl. Bot., Priloz. 47: 441. Republic), Coton ordinaire, Cotonnier blanc, Coton matelas (Haiti).
1930; Gossypium barbadense L. subsp. peruvianum (Cav.) Roberty, References: 7, 123, 132, 445, 601.
Candollea 13: 82. 1950; Gossypium lapideum Tussac subsp. Gossypium hirsutum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 975. 1763; Gossypium
brasiliense (Macfad.) Roberty, Candollea 13: 98. 1950. barbadense L. var. hirsutum (L.) Triana & Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat.,
Gossypium purpurascens sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: Bot., sér. 4, 17: 171. 1862; Gossypium herbaceum L. var. hirsutum
242. 1881, non Poir., 1811. (L.) Mast. in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: 347. 1874.
Gossypium racemosum Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. Gossypium barbadense sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 95.
2: 370. 1811. 1884, non L., 1753.
Gossypium vitifolium Lam., Encycl. 2: 135. 1786. Gossypium barbadense sensu Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 274. 1920,
Hibiscus barbadensis (L.) Kuntze var. latifolius Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. non L., 1753.
1: 68. 1891. Gossypium birkinshawii G. Watt, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 330. 1927.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Gossypium divaricatum Raf., Sylva Tellur. 17. 1838.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, Gossypium ekmanianum Wittm., Bot. Kult. Baumwolle 4(1): 174. 1928.
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Gossypium harrisii G. Watt, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 311. 1927.
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Gossypium hirsutum L. f. atrocoloratum Roberty, Candollea 13: 67.
Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad; 1952 [“1950-1952”].
native to South America, now cosmopolitan in cultivation. Gossypium hirsutum L. f. cavelsenii Roberty, Candollea 13: 58. 1952
Common Names: Algodón de fibra larga, Algodón de fibra corta, [“1950-1952”].
Algodón criollo, Algodón, Palo de algodón, Algodón del Perú, Gossypium hirsutum L. var. punctatum (Schumach.) J.B. Hutch., Evol.
Algodón de riñón (Cuba), Algodón, Palo de algodón (Dominican Gossypium Different. Cult. Cottons 40. 1947.
Republic), Coton, Cotonnier, Cotonnier violet, Coton noir, Coton Gossypium jamaicense Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 73. 1837.
rouge (Haiti), Sea island cotton, Long staple cotton (Jamaica), Sea Gossypium marie-galante G. Watt, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 344.
island cotton, Coton, Cotonnier, Coton “sea island,” Cotonnier à 1927; Gossypium barbadense L. var. marie-galante (G. Watt) A.
graine verte, Cotonnier indigene, Kidney cotton (Lesser Antilles), Chev., Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 18: 118. 1938; Gossypium
Algodon, Algodón “sea island,” Algodón (Puerto Rico), Cotton, hirsutum L. var. marie-galante (G. Watt) J.B. Hutch., Evol.
Sea island cotton (Virgin Islands). Gossypium Different. Cult. Cottons 43. 1947.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 31, 58, 224, 260, 301, 323, 445, 601, 606. Gossypium oligospermum Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 74. 1837.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Gossypium punctatum Schumach. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 309. 1827.
Gossypium barbadense sensu Britton & Millsp. = Gossypium Gossypium purpurascens Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl.
hirsutum L. 2: 369. 1811.
number 9 8 • 505
Gossypium religiosum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 462. 1767. Grewia mexicana sensu authors, non DC. = Trichospermum
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto lessertianum (Hochr.) Dorr
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guazuma bubroma Tussac = Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts), Aruba, Bonaire,
Curaçao, Tobago, and Trinidad. Guazuma guazuma (L.) Cockerell = Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.
Common Names: Algodón, Algodón criollo, Algodón de fibra larga, Guazuma invira (Willd.) G. Don = Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.
Algodón de fibra corta, Algodón de ratón (Cuba), Algodón,
Guazuma parvifolia A. Rich. = Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.
Algodón morado (Dominican Republic), Odigé, Coton violet,
Coton (Haiti), Upland cotton, Short staple cotton (Jamaica), Guazuma tomentosa Kunth = Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.
Coton-pays, Coton, Cotonnier (Lesser Antilles), Catuna (Aruba), Guazuma tomentosa Kunth var. parvifolia (A. Rich.) Kitan. = Guazuma
Katuna (Curaçao). ulmifolia Lam.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 31, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 149, 151,
152, 156, 158, 159, 224, 230, 252, 260, 301, 445, 601, 609. Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Encycl. 3: 52. 1789.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Theobroma guazuma L., Sp. Pl. 782. 1753; Guazuma guazuma (L.)
Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 95. 1892.
Gossypium hirsutum L. f. atrocoloratum Roberty = Gossypium Guazuma bubroma Tussac, Fl. Antill. 4: 69. 1827.
hirsutum L. Guazuma invira (Willd.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 523. 1831.
Gossypium hirsutum L. var. marie-galante (G. Watt) J.B. Hutch. = Guazuma parvifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Gossypium hirsutum L. Vasc. 190. 1841 [“1845”], nom. nud.; Guazuma tomentosa Kunth
var. parvifolia (A. Rich.) Kitan., Fitologiya 11: 48. 1979, comb.
Gossypium hirsutum L. var. punctatum (Schumach.) J.B. Hutch. =
illeg.
Gossypium hirsutum L.
Guazuma tomentosa Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Gossypium jamaicense Macfad. = Gossypium hirsutum L. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 320. 1823;
Gossypium janiphifolium Bello = Gossypium lanceolatum Tod. Theobroma tomentosa (Kunth) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist.
Nat. 19: 217. 1890.
Gossypium lanceolatum Tod., Relaz. Cult. Coton. 185. 1877. Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. var. tomentella K. Schum. in C.F.P. von
Gossypium janiphifolium Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 242. Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3): 81. 1886 [“1886-1892”].
1881 [as janiphaefolium]. Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Mexico. Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
Common Names: Algodon de yuca, Algodon yuca. Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
References: 61, 75, 340, 606. Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat,
Gossypium lapideum Tussac = Gossypium barbadense L. var. barbadense Nevis, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Mexico,
Gossypium lapideum Tussac subsp. brasiliense (Macfad.) Roberty =
Common Names: Guácima, Cuácima comun, Guásima (Cuba),
Guácima, Guácima cimarrona, Guazuma, Guaconejo, Guásima
Gossypium marie-galante G. Watt = Gossypium hirsutum L. (Dominican Republic), Bois d’homme, Bois d’orme, Bois de
Gossypium oligospermum Macfad. = Gossypium hirsutum L. hêtre, Orme d’Amérique, Bois de graines (Haiti), Bastard cedar
(Jamaica), Hêtre, Hêtre orme, Bwa l’om, Bois d’orme, Bois de
Gossypium pedatum G. Watt = Gossypium barbadense L. var. l’orme, Hêtre vert, Orme, Mahot-baba, Gunstock, Bois lome,
barbadense Bois de hêtre, Bois de hêtre vert, Hêtre gris, Mahot-hêtre (Lesser
Gossypium peruvianum Cav. = Gossypium barbadense L. var. Antilles), Guácima, Guácima del Norte, Guácima del Sur,
barbadense Guásima (Puerto Rico), Bastard ceder, Jackass calau, Jackocalalu,
Jacocalalu, West Indian elm (Virgin Islands), Bois d’orme
Gossypium punctatum Schumach. & Thonn. = Gossypium hirsutum L.
d’Amérique, Hêtre gris (Guadeloupe).
Gossypium purpurascens Poir. = Gossypium hirsutum L. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 179, 301,
Gossypium purpurascens sensu Bello = Gossypium barbadense L. var. 323, 340, 445, 601, 604, 606.
barbadense Note: Cristóbal (604) recognized two varieties of this species, which
are mainly distinguished by whether or not the fruit is partially
Gossypium racemosum Poir. = Gossypium barbadense L. var. dehiscent. The variety with completely indehiscent fruit is
barbadense G. ulmifolia Lam. var. ulmifolia (= G. ulmifolia Lam.) and the
Gossypium religiosum L. = Gossypium hirsutum L. one with incompletely dehiscent fruit is G. ulmifolia Lam. var.
tomentella K. Schum. (= G. invira (Willd.) G. Don). The type of
Gossypium vitifolium Lam. = Gossypium barbadense L. var.
the species is from Jamaica.
barbadense
Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. var. tomentella K. Schum. = Guazuma
Grewia asiatica L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 602. 1767; Ibid., Mant. Pl.
ulmifolia Lam.
122. 1767.
Microcos lateriflora L., Sp. Pl. 514. 1753 [as ateriflora], Ibid., Sp. Pl., Helicteres althaeifolia Lam. = Helicteres jamaicensis Jacq.
ed. 2, 734. 1762, non Grewia lateriflora G. Don, 1831. Helicteres apetala Jacq. = Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) H. Karst.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Asia.
References: 254 (B.G. Schubert & H.F. Winters 347), 610. Helicteres barbadensis Jacq. = Helicteres jamaicensis Jacq.
Note: A small fruit crop introduced at the Agricultural Experiment Helicteres baruensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 30. 1760.
Station at Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. Although the name Grewia Helicteres mollis C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2: 139. 1835.
asiatica is in current use, it is a superfluous name for Microcos Distribution: Native to Martinique, Trinidad and Tobago, Mexico,
lateriflora L., the epithet of which cannot now be transferred to Central America, and South America.
Grewia. The correct name for G. asiatica has yet to be established. Reference: 433.
Helicteres brevior Mill. = Helicteres jamaicensis Jacq. Heliocarpus popayanensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Helicteres calcicola Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 10: 28. 1953.
Heliocarpus americanus L. var. popayanensis (Kunth) K. Schum.
in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3): 141. 1886 [“1886-1892”].
Heliocarpus americanus L. var. schumannii Baker f., J. Bot. 36: 131. 1898.
Helicteres dumosa Salisb. = Helicteres jamaicensis Jacq. Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique) and Trinidad; native
Helicteres furfuracea A. Rich. subsp. furfuracea A. Rich. = Helicteres to Mexico, Central America, and South America.
semitriloba Bertero ex DC. Reference: 151.
Helicteres furfuracea Jacq. subsp. ophiticola A. Rodr. = Helicteres Heliocarpus americanus L. var. popayanensis (Kunth) K. Schum. =
semitriloba Bertero ex DC. Heliocarpus americanus L.
Helicteres guazumifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Heliocarpus americanus L. var. schumannii Baker f., J. Bot. 36: 131.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 304. 1822 1898. = Heliocarpus americanus L.
[as guazumaefolia]. Heliocarpus donnellsmithii Rose, Bot. Gaz. 31: 110. 1901.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique); native to Mexico
America. and Central America.
Common Name: Guasimilla (Cuba). References: 1, 151.
References: 3, 179, 433, 601.
Heliocarpus hirtus (Vahl.) R.O. Williams & Sandwith = Triumfetta
Helicteres jamaicensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 30. 1760; Nisoralis semitriloba Jacq.
jamaicensis (Jacq.) Raf., Sylva Tellur. 74. 1838.
Heliocarpus popayanensis Kunth = Heliocarpus americanus L.
Helicteres althaeifolia Lam., Encycl. 3: 88. 1789 [as altheæfolia].
Helicteres barbadensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 38. 1760. Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky, J. Arnold Arbor. 49: 279. 1968;
Helicteres brevior Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768 [as breviore]. Sida crispa L., Sp. Pl. 685. 1753; Abutilon crispum (L.) Medik.,
Helicteres dumosa Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allterton 388. 1786, Malvenfam. 29. 1787 [as cryspum]; Abutilon crispum (L.) Sweet,
nom. superfl. Hort. Brit. 53. 1826, comb. superfl.; Bogenhardia crispa (L.)
Helicteres spiralis Northr., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 50. 1902. Kearney, Leafl. W. Bot. 7: 120. 1954; Gayoides crispa (L.) Small,
Helicteres verbascifolia sensu Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 80. 1826, non Link, Fl. S.E. U.S. 764, 1335. 1903 [as crispum]; Napaea crispa (L.)
1822. Moench, Suppl. Meth. 207. 1802; Pseudobastardia crispa (L.)
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cayman Hassl., Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 1: 211. 1909.
Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Abutilon trichodum A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
(Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Vasc. 155. 1841 [“1845”]; Herissantia trichoda (A. Rich.) Fryxell,
Lesser Antilles (Anguilla), Curaçao, Tobago, and Trinidad. J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 316. 1979.
Common Names: Blind-eye bush, Salz-bush, Cow-bush (Bahamas), Sida imberbis DC., Prodr. 1: 469. 1824; Abutilon imberbe (DC.)
Jeuçon, Majaguilla de costa, Majagüilla de costa (Cuba), Jaucon, G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 502. 1831; Abutilon crispum (L.) Sweet var.
Huevo de gato (Dominican Republic), Jeuçon, Coton rat, Bois imberbe (DC.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 80. 1859; Gayoides imberbis
d’homme (Haiti), Screw tree (Jamaica), Gato, Huevo de gato, (DC.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 764, 1335. 1903 [as imberbe].
Cuernecillo (Puerto Rico), Cat’s balls, Cow bush (Virgin Islands). Sida retrofracta DC., Prodr. 1: 467. 1824.
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 179, 433, 445, 601, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
606. Islands (St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Grenada,
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia,
Helicteres mollis C. Presl = Helicteres baruensis Jacq.
St. Martin, St. Vincent), Curaçao, Margarita, Trinidad, Mexico,
Helicteres nipensis A. Rodr. = Helicteres trapezifolia A. Rich. United States (FL), Central America, and South America; exotic in
Helicteres rotundata Griseb. = Helicteres semitriloba Bertero ex DC. Bahamas and Cayman Islands.
Common Names: Friega plato (Cuba), Friega platos, Motica
Helicteres semitriloba Bertero ex DC., Prodr. 1: 476. 1824. (Dominican Republic).
Helicteres furfuracea A. Rich. subsp. furfuracea A. Rich. in R. de la References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 45, 58, 260, 301, 323, 445, 609.
Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 171. 1841 [“1845”].
Helicteres furfuracea Jacq. subsp. ophiticola A. Rodr., Revista Jard. Herissantia trichoda (A. Rich.) Fryxell = Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky
Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 3: 31. 1982. Hibiscus abelmoschus L. = Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.
Helicteres rotundata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 29. 1866.
Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: 73. 1896.
Hibiscus eetveldeanus De Wild. & T. Durand, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot.
Hispaniola.
Belgique 38(2): 24. 1899.
Common Names: Wild salve (Bahamas), Majagüilla de costa, Tapa culo
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico,
(Cuba), Jeucón (Dominican Republic).
United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South America;
References: 3, 5, 7, 45, 179, 433, 445, 601.
native to Africa.
Helicteres spiralis Northr. = Helicteres jamaicensis Jacq. References: 7, 45, 58, 260, 445.
Helicteres trapezifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Hibiscus angustifolius Hook. & Arn. = Hibiscus striatus Cav. subsp.
Vasc. 170. 1841 [“1845”]. striatus
Helicteres nipensis A. Rodr., Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 3:
Hibiscus aquaticus Tussac = Hibiscus trilobus Aubl.
28. 1982.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba. Hibiscus arboreus Desv. ex Ham. = Hibiscus tiliaceus L. var.
Common Name: Majagüilla de costa (Cuba). pernambucensis (Arruda) I.M. Johnst.
References: 3, 45, 179, 433, 601. Hibiscus x archeri W. Wats., Gard. & Forest 324. 1896.
Heliocarpus americanus L., Sp. Pl. 448. 1753. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba.
number 9 8 • 507
Reference: 254 (J.G. Jack 4058). Hibiscus clypeatus sensu Roig, Dicc. Bot. Nombres Vulg. Cub., ed. 3,
Note: This is an artificial hybrid between Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and 85, 1057. 1963, non L., 1759.
H. schizopetalus. The specific epithet honors A.S. Archer of Hibiscus eggersii Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 421. 1908.
Antigua. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Algodón de ratón, Algodón silvestre, Hibisco de
Hibiscus bahamensis Britton = Hibiscus clypeatus L. subsp.
costa, Hibiscus de costa, Majagüilla de costa.
membranaceus (Cav.) O.J. Blanch. ex F. Areces & Fryxell
References: 260, 445, 449, 601.
Hibiscus bancroftianus Macfad. = Hibiscus poeppigii (Spreng.) Garcke
Hibiscus clypeatus L. subsp. membranaceus (Cav.) O.J. Blanch. ex F.
Hibiscus barbadensis (L.) Kuntze = Gossypium barbadense L. var. Areces & Fryxell, Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A. Pl. Vasc. 13: 32. 2007;
barbadense Hibiscus membranaceus Cav., Diss. 3. 159. 1787.
Hibiscus barbadensis (L.) Kuntze var. latifolius Kuntze = Gossypium Hibiscus bahamensis Britton, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 120. 1905,
barbadense L. var. barbadense non Mill., 1768.
Hibiscus brittonianus Kearney, Leafl. W. Bot. 7: 121. 1954.
Hibiscus bifurcatus Cav., Diss. 3: 146. 1787. Hibiscus cryptocarpos sensu Northr., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 12: 50.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser 1902 [as cryptocarpus], non A. Rich., 1841 [“1845”].
Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Central Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas, Cuba, and
America, and South America. Haiti (Tortue Is.).
Common Names: Hibisco de laguna, Hibisco del pinar, Hibisco de References: 260, 449.
sabana, Hibiscus del pinar, Majagüilla de pinar, Majagüilla del
pinar (Cuba), Gombo de nuit, Gombo rivière (Lesser Antilles), Hibiscus clypeatus sensu Roig = Hibiscus clypeatus L. subsp.
Buenas tardes, Buenos días (Puerto Rico). cryptocarpos (A. Rich.) O.J. Blanch. ex F. Areces & Fryxell
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 58, 61, 75, 131, 260, 301, 340, 445, 601, 606, Hibiscus cordifolius Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Hibiscus boryanus DC., Prodr. 1: 466. 1824. Reference: 152.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and the Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe). Hibiscus costatus A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc.
Reference: 254 (Duss 2327). 138. 1841 [“1845”].
Hibiscus brachypus Urb. = Hibiscus clypeatus L. subsp. clypeatus Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and Central America.
Common Names: Baba de perro, Hibisco del pinar, Hibisco de sabana,
Hibiscus brasiliensis sensu authors = Hibiscus phoeniceus Jacq. Hibiscus de sabana, Majagüilla, Majagüilla del pinar, Malva rosa
Hibiscus brittonianus Kearney = Hibiscus clypeatus L. subsp. silvestre (Cuba).
membranaceus (Cav.) O.J. Blanch. ex F. Areces & Fryxell References: 3, 260, 601.
Hibiscus cannabinus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1149. 1759. Hibiscus cryptocarpos sensu Northr. = Hibiscus clypeatus L. subsp.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser membranaceus (Cav.) O.J. Blanch. ex F. Areces & Fryxell
Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts), and Hibiscus cryptocarpos A. Rich. = Hibiscus clypeatus L. subsp.
United States (FL); native to Asia, now pantropical. cryptocarpos (A. Rich.) O.J. Blanch. ex F. Areces & Fryxell
Common Names: Rosella, Mañanita, Malva loca, Kenaf, Flor de
San Juan (Cuba), Cadillo (Dominican Republic), Deccan hemp Hibiscus cubensis A. Rich. = Hibiscus striatus Cav. subsp. lambertianus
(Jamaica), Gombo chanvre, Groseille, Pavona encenida (Lesser (Kunth) O.J. Blanch.
Antilles), Pavona encendida, Mañanera (Puerto Rico). Hibiscus domingensis Jacq. = Hibiscus trilobus Aubl. subsp. trilobus
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 58, 61, 224, 260, 445, 601, 609.
Hibiscus domingensis Jacq. var. striatus (Cav.) Willd. = Hibiscus striatus
Note: Frequently confused with Hibiscus radiatus; considered an
Cav. subsp. striatus
invasive species by CeNBIO.
Hibiscus eetveldeanus De Wild. & T. Durand = Hibiscus acetosella
Hibiscus cannabinus L. var. unidens (Lindl.) Hochr. = Hibiscus
Welw. ex Hiern
radiatus Cav.
Hibiscus eggersii Urb. = Hibiscus clypeatus L. subsp. cryptocarpos
Hibiscus clypeatus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1149. 1759, subsp. clypeatus
(A. Rich.) O.J. Blanch. ex F. Areces & Fryxell
Hibiscus brachypus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 34. 1919.
Hibiscus tomentosus Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Hibiscus elatus Sw., Prodr. 102. 1788; Hibiscus tiliaceus L. subsp.
Hibiscus tubiflorus sensu Millsp., Publ. Field Columb. Mus. Bot. Ser. 1: elatus (Sw.) Borss. Waalk., Blumea 14: 30. 1966; Hibiscus tiliaceus
30. 1895. L. var. elatus (Sw.) Hochr., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève
Munchusia tomentosa Raf., Sylva Tellur. 115. 1838. 4: 63. 1900; Pariti elatum (Sw.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 485. 1831
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, [as Paritium]; Pariti elatum (Sw.) A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Mexico, and Central Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 146. 1841 [“1845”] [as Paritium], comb.
America. superfl.; Talipariti elatum (Sw.) Fryxell, Contr. Univ. Michigan
Common Names: Algodón de ratón, Algodón silvestre (Cuba), Herb. 23: 241. 2001.
Majagüilla (Dominican Republic), Coton flûte, Coton (Haiti), Pariti elatum (Sw.) G. Don var. macrocarpum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 87.
Congo mahoe (Jamaica), Huevo de gato, Malvavisco afelpado 1859 [as Paritium].
(Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba and Jamaica;
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 260, 445, 449, 606. cultivated in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Virgin Gorda),
and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia).
Hibiscus clypeatus L. subsp. cryptocarpos (A. Rich.) O.J. Blanch. ex
Common Names: Dmeajagua, Majagua, Majagua azul, Majagua
F. Areces & Fryxell, Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A. Pl. Vasc. 13: 31. 2007;
común, Majagua hembra, Majagua prieta (Cuba), Mahaut
Hibiscus cryptocarpos A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys.
(Hispaniola), Blue Mahoe, Cuba bark, Mountain mahoe
Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 142. 1841 [“1845”]; Abelmoschus cryptocarpos
(Jamaica), Emajagua excelsa, Majó (Puerto Rico).
(A. Rich.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 310. 1842.
Note: Cultivated for its valuable wood. Hibiscus malvaviscus L. = Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.
References: 7, 31, 58, 152, 228, 260, 445. Hibiscus membranaceus Cav. = Hibiscus clypeatus L. subsp.
Hibiscus esculentus L. = Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench membranaceus (Cav.) O.J. Blanch. ex F. Areces & Fryxell
Hibiscus filiaceus Sessé & Moc., sphalm. = Hibiscus tiliaceus L. var. Hibiscus mogotensis Carabia = Pavonia achanioides Griseb.
tiliaceus Hibiscus mutabilis L., Sp. Pl. 694. 1753.
Hibiscus furcellatus Lam., Encycl. 3: 358. 1789, var. furcellatus Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
Hibiscus tomentosus A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 92. 1884, non Guadeloupe, Martinique), Mexico, Central America, and South
Mill., 1768. America; native to China.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Common Names: Malva rosa (Cuba), Maravilla (Dominican Republic),
(Dominica), Trinidad, Mexico, United States (FL), Central Malvilla (Hispaniola), Changeable rose, Maravilla, Caractère des
America, and South America. hommes, Caractère des femmes, Caractère des dames, Cotton rose,
References: 1, 7, 31, 58, 61, 75, 150, 260, 301, 445, 601. Confederate rose (Lesser Antilles), Maravilla (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 3, 7, 61, 75, 131, 224, 260, 445, 606, 609.
Hibiscus furcellatus Lam. var. azuensis Urb. & Helwig, Repert. Spec.
Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 236. 1928.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Hibiscus neglectus C. Wright = Hibiscus phoeniceus Jacq.
References: 7, 152. Hibiscus nipensis Carabia = Hibiscus maculatus Lam. subsp. nipensis
Hibiscus furcellatus Lam. var. scabricaulis Helwig, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): (Carabia) F. Areces
28. 1929. Hibiscus pentacarpos L. = Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb.
Reference: 7. Hibiscus pentaspermus Bertero ex DC. = Kosteletzkya depressa (L.)
O.J. Blanch, Fryxell, & D.M. Bates
Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 46. 1803, non Salisb.,
1805. Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda = Hibiscus tiliaceus L. var.
Hibiscus urbanii Helwig in I. Urban & B. Helwig, Repert. Spec. Nov. pernambucensis (Arruda) I.M. Johnst.
Regni Veg. 24: 236. 1928. Hibiscus phoeniceus Jacq., Hort. Bot. Vindob. 3: 11. 1776; Bombycella
Distribution: Native to Cuba and North America. phoenicea (Jacq.) Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 241. 1881
Reference: 260. [as Bombicella].
Hibiscus horridus Urb. = Wercklea horrida (Urb.) Fryxell Bombycella betulina Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 241. 1881
[as Bombicella].
Hibiscus hottensis Helwig ex Urb. = Wercklea hottensis (Helwig ex Hibiscus brasiliensis sensu authors, non L., 1763, nom. rej.
Urb.) Fryxell Hibiscus neglectus C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Hibiscus indicus (Burm. f.) Hochr., Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N., Habana 5: 240. 1868.
hors sér. 2: 163. 1949; Alcea indica Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 149. 1768; Hibiscus unilateralis Cav., Diss. 3: 158. 1787.
Althaea indica (Burm. f.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 66. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
1840. Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to China. (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Mexico,
Reference: 260. Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Borrachita, Palo peregrino, Peregrina (Cuba), Cadillo
Hibiscus lambertianus Kunth = Hibiscus striatus Cav. subsp.
de tres pies, Cadillo (Dominican Republic), Lalou (Haiti), Petit
lambertianus (Kunth) O.J. Blanch.,
hibiscus (Lesser Antilles), Rosita (Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao).
Hibiscus lambertianus Kunth var. angustifolius (Hook. & Arn.) Hochr. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 61, 151, 260, 265, 285, 340, 440, 445, 601.
= Hibiscus striatus Cav. subsp. striatus Note: Hibiscus brasiliensis L., which antedates H. phoeniceus, has often
Hibiscus lavateroides Moric. ex Ser., Bull. Bot., Genève 6: 174. 1830. been considered of doubtful application yet treated as possibly
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles synonymous with H. phoeniceus. As the Linnaean description
(Guadeloupe, Martinique), Mexico, and Central America. of the former is discordant with the latter, Fryxell and F. Areces
References: 1, 2, 40. Berazaín (39) proposed that the name H. brasiliensis L. be
rejected.
Hibiscus lunariifolius Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 811. 1800 [as lunarifolius].
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to tropical Africa, India, and Hibiscus pilosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle = Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.
Asia. Hibiscus pilosus sensu Alain = Hibiscus poeppigii (Spreng.) Garcke
Reference: 2.
Hibiscus platanifolius (Willd.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 51. 1827,
Hibiscus macleayanus Bancroft ex Macfad. = Hibiscus poeppigii non Voigt, 1828; Pavonia platanifolia Willd., Berl. Mag. Gesell.
(Spreng.) Garcke Naturfor. Fr. 4: 220. 1810.
Hibiscus maculatus Lam., Encycl. 3: 349. 1789, subsp. maculatus Distribution: Exotic in Cuba.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and Hispaniola. Reference: 254 (C.V. Morton 10604).
Common Names: Malva (Cuba), Malaguette (Haiti). Hibiscus poeppigii (Spreng.) Garcke, Jahresber. Naturwiss. Vereines
References: 7, 260, 445. Halle 2: 133. 1850; Achania poeppigii Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 100.
Hibiscus maculatus Lam. subsp. nipensis (Carabia) F. Areces, Revista 1826; Malache poeppigii (Spreng.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1:
Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 25-26: 32. 2006; Hibiscus nipensis 71. 1891; Malvaviscus poeppigii (Spreng.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1:
Carabia, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” 17: 16. 1943. 475. 1831; Pavonia poeppigii (Spreng.) Schltdl., Linnaea 11: 357.
References: 156, 260. Hibiscus bancroftianus Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 70. 1837.
number 9 8 • 509
Hibiscus macleayanus Bancroft ex Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 71. 1837, Hibiscus sagranus P. Mercier = Hibiscus striatus Cav. subsp.
nom. nud., pro syn. lambertianus (Kunth) O.J. Blanch.
Hibiscus pilosus sensu Alain, Fl. Cub. 256. 1953, non (Sw.) Fawc. & Hibiscus schizopetalus (Dyer) Hook. f., Bot. Mag. 106: t. 6524. 1880;
Rendle, 1926. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. var. schizopetalus Dyer, Gard. Chron.,
Hibiscus truncatus A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. n.s., 11: 568. 1879.
Vasc. 144. 1841 [“1845”], non Roxb., 1832. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, United States (FL), Mexico, and Islands (Guana, St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica,
Central America. Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Martin), United States (FL), Mexico,
Common Names: Cupidito, Hibisco Silvestre, Hibiscus silvestre (Cuba). Central America, and South America; native to East Africa.
References: 260, 601, 605. Common Names: Mar pacífico con moño, Mar pacífico chino,
Note: There is a possibility that Hibiscus macleayanus is a valid name, Farolillo, Firolito chino, Paragüita (Cuba), Canastilla, Canastilla
but in 1837 it was cited in synonymy and an earlier publication de México, Hibiscus, Pitahaya, Cayuco, Canasticas (Dominican
has yet to be traced (605). Republic), Chandelier, Hibiscus (Haiti), Sorrel, Red sorrel, Roselle,
Hibiscus populifolius Salisb. = Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa Oseille de Guinée, Groseille de Guinée, Grand oseille, Vina, Lo zel,
Lozèy, Jamaica sorrel (Lesser Antilles), Lira (Puerto Rico).
Hibiscus populneus L. = Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 156, 260, 445, 606, 609.
Hibiscus radiatus Cav., Diss. 3: 150. 1787.
Hibiscus sororius L., Pl. Surin. 12. 1775.
Hibiscus unidens Lindl. in Edward’s Bot. Reg. 11: t. 878. 1825.
Hibiscus cannabinus L. var. unidens (Lindl.) Hochr., Annuaire
(Guadeloupe, Martinique), Mexico, Central America, and South
Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 115. 1900.
America.
Common Names: Altea, Hibisco blanco, Hibiscus blanco, Majagüilla
(Guadeloupe), and United States (FL); presumably native to
blanca, Majagüilla (Cuba), Gombo bâtard, Liane de framboisin
Old World, but whether it ever appears as a truly wild plant is
(Lesser Antilles).
uncertain.
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 224, 260, 445, 601, 609.
Common Names: Kenaf, Groseille, Gombo-chanvre (Lesser Antilles),
Pavona encendida (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 260, 606, 609. Hibiscus spinifex L. = Pavonia spinifex (L.) Cav.
Hibiscus redoutei Kuntze = Cienfuegosia heterophylla (Vent.) Garcke Hibiscus striatus Cav., Diss. 3: 146. 1787, subsp. striatus; Hibiscus
domingensis Jacq. var. striatus (Cav.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 820. 1800.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Sp. Pl. 694. 1753
Hibiscus angustifolius Hook. & Arn., Bot. Misc. 3: 152. 1833; Hibiscus
Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba,
lambertianus Kunth var. angustifolius (Hook. & Arn.) Hochr.,
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada,
Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 143. 1900.
Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, and South America.
Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados,
References: 151, 260, 301.
Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba,
St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), United States (FL), Hibiscus striatus Cav. subsp. lambertianus (Kunth) O.J. Blanch.,
Mexico, Central America, and South America; the species is not J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 267. 1982; Hibiscus lambertianus Kunth in
known in the wild. F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov.
Common Names: Hibiscus (Bahamas), Amapola, Borrachona, Cupido, Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 291. 1822.
Flor de chivo, Guasintón, Hércules, Leche de Venus, Malva de Hibiscus cubensis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
China, Mar pacífico, Marta Nevada, Pío nono, Sangre de adonis Vasc. 140. 1841 [“1845”], nom. superfl.; Abelmoschus cubensis
(Cuba), Cayena, Gallina, Hibiscus, Mar pacífico, Sangre de Cristo (A. Rich.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 309. 1842.
(Dominican Republic), Choublack, Feuilles choublack, Hibiscus à Hibiscus sagranus P. Mercier, Bull. Bot. (Seringe) 1: 169. 1830 [as
fleurs rouges, Shoe black (Haiti), Hibiscus, Shoe black (Jamaica), sagraeanus].
Amapola, Candelada, Chinese hibiscus, Chinese rose, Garden Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, United States (TX), Mexico,
hibiscus, Hibiscus, Pavona, Red hibiscus, Rose de Cayenne, Rose de Central America, and South America.
Chine, Shoe black (Lesser Antilles), Amapola, Candelá, Candelada, Common Name: Varita de San José de laguna (Cuba).
Carta abierta, Hibisco, Mapola, Marimoña, Pavona (Puerto Rico). References: 151, 260.
References: 7, 31, 45, 58, 61, 224, 260, 323, 445, 601, 606, 609. Hibiscus syriacus L., Sp. Pl. 695. 1753.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Old World and possibly to China.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. var. schizopetalus Dyer = Hibiscus Common Name: Altea.
schizopetalus (Dyer) Hook. f. References: 260, 601.
Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Sp. Pl. 695. 1753, nom. cons. Hibiscus tiliaceus sensu authors = Hibiscus tiliaceus L. var.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, pernambucensis (Arruda) I.M. Johnst.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Tortola), and Lesser Antilles Hibiscus tiliaceus L. subsp. elatus (Sw.) Borss. Waalk. = Hibiscus
(Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Eustatius, St. elatus Sw.
Kitts, St. Vincent); probably native to Africa.
Common Names: Agrio de guinea, Aleluya, Aleluya roja de Guinea, Hibiscus tiliaceus L. subsp. pernambucensis (Arruda) A. Cast. =
Quimbombó chino, Rosella, Roselle, Serení (Cuba), Kenaf, Hibiscus tiliaceus L. var. pernambucensis (Arruda) I.M. Johnst.
Hibiscus, Maravilla, Vinagrillo (Dominican Republic), Oseille Hibiscus tiliaceus L., Sp. Pl. 694. 1753, var. tiliaceus; Pariti tiliaceum
de Guinée, Roselle (Haiti), Jamaican sorrel, Red sorrel, Roselle, (L.) A. Juss. in A. Saint-Hilaire, Fl. Bras. Mérid. (quarto ed.)
Sorrel (Jamaica), Agrio de Guinea, Viña (Puerto Rico), Jamaica 1: 256. 5 Apr 1828 [“1827”], Ibid. (folio ed.) 1: 198. 1827 [as
sorrel, Red sorrel, Roselle, Sorrel (Virgin Islands. Paritium]; Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell var. tiliaceum, Contr.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 231, 260, 601, 606, 609. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 258. 2001.
Hibiscus tiliaceus Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 161. 1894, sphalm. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Thomas), United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
America; native to the Paleotropics. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Vincent), Tobago, and Trinidad; native to
References: 151, 159, 228, 238 260, 445, 601, 606. Old World.
Note: The taxonomy of Hibiscus tiliaceus sensu lato is unsatisfactory Common Names: Wild okra (Lesser Antilles), Wild cottton (Virgin
as it appears to be a highly variable taxon. The Neotropical Islands).
material of this complex is recognized here as H. tiliaceus var. References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 31, 61, 224, 294, 301, 445, 609.
pernambucensis and the Paleotropical material as H. tiliaceus Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
var. tiliaceus. The latter also includes introductions into the New Hildegardia cubensis (Urb.) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 5: 243. 1960;
World in cultivation especially as street trees. Sterculia cubensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 235. 1924.
Hibiscus tiliaceus L. var. pernambucensis (Arruda) I.M. Johnst., Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Sargentia 8: 196. 1949; Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda, Diss. Common Name: Guana.
Pl. Brazil 44. 1810; Hibiscus tiliaceus L. subsp. pernambucensis References: 3, 427.
(Arruda) A. Cast., Sellowia 19: 50. 1967; Pariti pernambucense Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
(Arruda) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 485. 1831 [as Paritium]; Talipariti Species.
pernambucense (Arruda) Bovini, Rodriguesia 61(Suppl.): 520. Kleinhovia hospita L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1365. 1763.
2010; Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell var. pernambucense Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles
(Arruda) Fryxell, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 262. 2001. (Dominica); native to tropical Asia.
Hibiscus arboreus Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 49. 1825. Common Name: Guest tree (Puerto Rico).
Hibiscus tiliaceus sensu authors, non L., 1753. References: 7, 31, 58, 445.
Pariti tiliaceum sensu authors, non (L.) A. Juss., 1827.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Kosteletzkya altheifolia (Chapm.) A. Gray ex S. Watson = Kosteletzkya
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb.
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, Kosteletzkya altheifolia (Chapm.) Rusby = Kosteletzkya pentacarpos
St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico, Central (L.) Ledeb.
Kosteletzkya depressa (L.) O.J. Blanch., Fryxell, & D.M. Bates, Gentes
Common Names: Majagua, Majagua colorada, Majagua de Cuba,
Herb. 11: 357. 1978; Melochia depressa L., Sp. Pl. 674. 1753.
Majagua hembra, Majagua verde (Cuba), Damajagua, Majagua,
Hibiscus pentaspermus Bertero ex DC., Prodr. 1: 447. 1824, non Nutt.,
Majagua de Cuba (Dominican Republic), Coton marron, Coton
1822; Kosteletzkya pentasperma (Bertero ex DC.) Griseb., Fl. Brit.
mahaut, Grand Mahaut, Mahaut, Mahaut franc (Haiti), Seaside
W. I. 83. 1859.
mahoe (Jamaica), Emajagua, Mahoe, Majagua, Sea hibiscus
Kosteletzkya sagittata C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2: 131. 1835.
(Puerto Rico), Bois flot, Bois liège, Grand mahot, Mahot-gombo,
Pavonia berteroi Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 99. 1826 [as Berterii].
Mahot (Lesser Antilles).
References: 31, 68.
United States (FL, TX), Mexico, Central America, and South
Hibiscus tiliaceus L. var. elatus (Sw.) Hochr. = Hibiscus elatus Sw. America.
Hibiscus tomentosus Mill. = Hibiscus clypeatus L. subsp. clypeatus Common Name: Malva mulata (Cuba).
References: 3, 5, 150, 260, 445, 601, 603.
Hibiscus tomentosus A. Stahl = Hibiscus furcellatus Lam. var. Note: Kosteletzkya is perhaps better included in a broadly
furcellatus circumscribed Hibiscus (603).
Hibiscus trilobus Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 708. 1775, subsp. trilobus Kosteletzkya hastata sensu M. Gómez = Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.)
Hibiscus aquaticus Tussac, Fl. Antill. 3: 102. 1824, non DC., 1815. Ledeb.
Hibiscus domingensis Jacq., Collectanea 3: 213. 1791 [“1789”].
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. Kosteletzkya hastata sensu Griseb. = Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb.
The status of this subsp. in Trinidad is unresolved. Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 1: 437. 1842; Hibiscus
Common Name: Gombo marrón (Haiti). pentacarpos L., Sp. Pl. 697. 1753.
References: 2, 5, 7, 58, 61, 260, 445. Hibiscus virginicus L., Sp. Pl. 697. 1753; Kosteletzkya virginica (L.)
Hibiscus trionum L., Sp. Pl. 697. 1753. C. Presl ex A. Gray, Gen. Amer. Bor. 2: 80. 1849.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, and North America (United Kosteletzkya virginica (L.) C. Presl ex A. Gray var. altheifolia Chapm.,
States, Canada); native to Eurasia. Fl. South. U.S. 57. 1860 [as altheaefolia]; Kosteletzkya altheifolia
References: 2, 3. (Chapm.) A. Gray ex S. Watson, Bibl. Index N. Amer. Bot. 1: 176.
1878; Kosteletzkya altheifolia (Chapm.) Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot.
Hibiscus truncatus A. Rich. = Hibiscus poeppigii (Spreng.) Garcke Club 5: 224. 1894 [as althaeifolia], comb. superfl.
Hibiscus tubiflorus sensu Millsp. = Hibiscus clypeatus L. subsp. Kosteletzkya hastata sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 28. 1866, non
clypeatus C. Presl, 1835.
Kosteletzkya hastata sensu M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19:
Hibiscus unidens Lindl. = Hibiscus radiatus Cav.
221. 1890, non C. Presl, 1835.
Hibiscus unilateralis Cav. = Hibiscus phoeniceus Jacq. Distribution: Native to Cuba and United States; adventive in Europe.
Hibiscus urbanii Helwig = Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx. References: 260, 601, 603.
Note: Kosteletzkya is perhaps better included in a broadly
Hibiscus virginicus L. = Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb. circumscribed Hibiscus (603). Linnaeus capitalized the epithet
Hibiscus vitifolius L., Sp. Pl. 696. 1753; Fioria vitifolia (L.) Mattei, “pentacarpos,” thereby indicating that it is to be treated as a
Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo, ser. 2, 2: 72. 1917. generic noun in apposition. It is thus correct to retain the original
Greek masculine ending (Blanchard, Novon 18: 7. 2008).
number 9 8 • 511
Kosteletzkya pentasperma (Bertero ex DC.) Griseb. = Kosteletzkya Malache spicata Kuntze = Pavonia paludicola Nicolson ex Fryxell
depressa (L.) O.J. Blanch., Fryxell, & D.M. Bates Malache spinifex (L.) Kuntze = Pavonia spinifex (L.) Cav.
Kosteletzkya pentasperma sensu Eggers = Cienfuegosia heterophylla Malache troyana (Urb.) Britton = Pavonia troyana (Urb.) Urb.
(Vent.) Garcke
Malache typhalaea (L.) Kuntze = Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. &
Kosteletzkya sagittata C. Presl = Kosteletzkya depressa (L.) O.J. Rendle
Blanch., Fryxell, & D.M. Bates
Malache typhalaea (L.) Kuntze f. albiflora Kuntze = Pavonia fruticosa
Kosteletzkya virginica (L.) C. Presl ex A. Gray = Kosteletzkya (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle
pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb.
Malache typhalaea (L.) Kuntze f. aurantiaca Kuntze = Pavonia fruticosa
Kosteletzkya virginica (L.) C. Presl ex A. Gray var. altheifolia Chapm. = (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle
Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb.
Malachra alceifolia Jacq., Collectanea 2: 350. 1789 [“1788”] [as
Lass paniculata (Cav.) Kuntze = Pavonia paniculata Cav. alceaefolia]; Malachra alceifolia Jacq. var. typica Gürke, Bot.
Lass spinifex (L.) Kuntze = Pavonia spinifex (L.) Cav. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 350. 1892; Urena capitata (L.) L. var. alceifolia
(Jacq.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 219. 1890.
Lavatera americana L. = Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex Hochr.
Malachra alceifolia Jacq. var. rotundifolia (Schrank) Gürke, Bot. Jahrb.
Lebretonia paniculata (Cav.) Britton = Pavonia paniculata Cav. Syst. 16: 351. 1892; Malachra rotundifolia Schrank, Pl. Rar. Hort.
Lopimia malacophylla (Link & Otto) Mart. = Pavonia malacophylla Monac. 2: t. 56. 1820.
(Link & Otto) Garcke Malachra capitata (L.) L. var. albiflora Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 80. 1859.
Malachra capitata sensu Cav., Diss. 2: 97. 1786, non (L.) L., 1767.
Luehea alternifolia (Mill.) Mabb. = Luehea speciosa Willd. Malachra capitata sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 80. 1859, non (L.) L.,
Luehea divaricata Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 101. 1826. 1767.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to South America. Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
References: 151, 450. Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
Luehea platypetala A. Rich. = Luehea speciosa Willd.
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
Luehea seemannii Triana & Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 17: Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad,
348. 1862 [as Luhea]. Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Central America and Common Names: Sargaso, Malva mulata, Malva virgen (Cuba),
South America. Molondrón cimarrón, Malva té, Malva (Dominican Republic),
Reference: 450. Guimauve (Haiti), Wild okra (Jamaica), Wild hemp, Wild okra,
Luehea speciosa Willd., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: Bastard okra, Malva de caballo, Gumbo zombie, Gombo bâtard,
410. 1801. Gombo savane (Lesser Antilles), Malva de caballo (Puerto Rico),
Cedrus alternifolia Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768 [as alternifolius], Guiambo shimaron (Curaçao), Yambo shiimaron (Bonaire,
nom. rej. Luehea alternifolia (Mill.) Mabb., Gard. Bull. Singapore Curaçao).
54: 254. 2002. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 16, 19, 31, 58, 61, 260, 301, 323, 445, 609.
Luehea platypetala A. Rich. in R. de La Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Malachra alceifolia Jacq. var. fasciata (Jacq.) A. Robyns = Malachra
Vasc. 212. 1841 [“1845”] [as Luhea], Ibid., Hist. Fís. Cuba, Bot. fasciata Jacq.
10: 84. 1845 [as Luhea].
Malachra alceifolia Jacq. var. rotundifolia (Schrank) Gürke = Malachra
alceifolia Jacq.
America; exotic in Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Guácima varía, Guásima verde, Guásima amarilla, Malachra alceifolia Jacq. var. typica Gürke = Malachra alceifolia Jacq.
Guásima varia (Cuba). Malachra capitata (L.) L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 458. 1767; Sida capitata
References: 3, 58, 180, 352, 450, 601. L., Sp. Pl. 685. 1753; Urena capitata (L.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc.
Maga cubensis Britton & P. Wilson = Thespesia cubensis (Britton & Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 219. 1890.
P. Wilson) J.B. Hutch. Malachra palmata Moench, Methodus 615. 1794; Urena moenchii
M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 219. 1890 [as
Maga grandiflora (DC.) Urb. = Thespesia grandiflora DC.
Mœnchi], non Urena palmata Roxb., 1832.
Malache achanioides (Griseb.) Kuntze = Pavonia achanioides Griseb. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Malache bahamensis (Hitchc.) Britton & Millsp. = Pavonia bahamensis Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin
Hitchc. Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
Malache calcicola Britton = Pavonia calcicola (Britton) Ekman St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
Malache corymbosa (Sw.) Kuntze = Pavonia corymbosa (Sw.) Willd. United States (FL, LA, TX), Mexico, Central America, and South
America.
Malache malacophylla (Link & Otto) Standl. = Pavonia malacophylla
Common Names: Malva mulata, Malva peluda (Cuba), Malva
(Link & Otto) Garcke
(Dominican Republic), Gombo bâtard, Gombo savane (Lesser
Malache poeppigii (Spreng.) Kuntze = Hibiscus poeppigii (Spreng.) Antilles). Malva, Malva de caballo (Puerto Rico), Mallow (Virgin
Garcke Islands).
Malache rosea Kuntze = Pavonia schiedeana Steud. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 16, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 132, 260, 445,
601, 606, 609.
Malache scabra B. Vogel = Pavonia paludicola Nicolson ex Fryxell
Malachra capitata sensu Cav. = Malachra alceifolia Jacq.
Malache speciosa (Kunth) Kuntze = Peltaea speciosa (Kunth) Standl.
Malachra capitata sensu Griseb. = Malachra alceifolia Jacq.
Malachra capitata (L.) L. var. albiflora Griseb. = Malachra alceifolia Malva domingensis Spreng. ex DC. = Malvastrum coromandelianum
Jacq. (L.) Garcke
Malachra ciliata Poir. = Malachra urens Poit. ex Ledeb. Malva havanensis Sessé & Moc. = Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.)
Garcke
Malachra cordata Poir. = Pavonia corymbosa (Sw.) Willd.
Malva jamaicensis Anon. ex Spreng. = Malvastrum coromandelianum
Malachra fasciata Jacq., Collectanea 2: 352. 1789 [“1788”]; Malachra
(L.) Garcke
alceifolia Jacq. var. fasciata (Jacq.) A. Robyns, Ann. Missouri Bot.
Gard. 52: 527. 1966. Malva leprosa Ortega = Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov.
Malachra radiata sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 81. 1859, non (L.) L., Malva mauritiana L. = Malva sylvestris L.
1767.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Malva neglecta Wallr., Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 140. 1824.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Europe and Asia.
Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Common Name: Guimauve (Haiti).
Common Names: Malva (Dominican Republic), Gombo bâtard, Malva parviflora L., Demonstr. Pl. 18. 1753.
Grande guimauve (Lesser Antilles), Malva blanca (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and North America (United States,
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 58, 61, 131, 260, 301, 340, 445, 609. Canada); native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Malachra palmata Moench = Malachra capitata (L.) L. References: 3, 16, 224, 295.
Malachra radiata (L.) L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 458. 1767; Sida radiata
L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 965. 1763; Urena radiata (L.) M. Gómez, Anales Malva rhombifolia (L.) E.H.L. Krause = Sida rhombifolia L.
Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 220. 1890. Malva rotundifolia L., Sp. Pl. 688. 1753.
Pavonia hispida C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola.
Habana 5: 239. 1868, non Spreng., 1826. Common Names: Malva, Malvilla (Dominican Republic), Mauve à
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, feuilles rondes, Malaguette (Haiti).
Common Names: Malva mulata (Cuba), Pata de perro (Dominican
Malva scoparia Jacq. = Malvastrum corchorifolium (Desr.) Britton ex
Republic).
Small
References: 2, 3, 4, 7, 16, 260, 445, 601, 606.
Malva spicata L. = Melochia spicata (L.) Fryxell
Malachra radiata sensu Griseb. = Malachra fasciata Jacq.
Malva sylvestris L., Sp. Pl. 689. 1753.
Malachra rotundifolia Schrank = Malachra alceifolia Jacq.
Malva mauritiana L., Sp. Pl. 689. 1753; Malva sylvestris L. var.
Malachra urens Poit. ex Ledeb. in C.F. Ledebour & J.P. Alderstam, mauritiana (L.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 819. 1867.
Diss. Bot. Pl. Doming. 9. 1805; Urena urens (Poit. ex Ledeb.) Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 220. 1890. Common Name: Malvilla (Dominican Republic).
Malachra ciliata Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 3: 578. References: 7, 16, 159, 445.
1814.
Malva sylvestris L. var. mauritiana (L.) Boiss. = Malva sylvestris L.
Malachra urens Poit. ex Ledeb. var. sublobata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 26.
1866. Malva tricuspidata R. Br. = Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Malva tricuspidata R. Br. var. subtriloba DC. = Malvastrum
Rico, and United States (FL). coromandelianum (L.) Garcke
Common Names: Hierba mulata, Malva peluda, Yerba mulata (Cuba),
Malva (Dominican Republic), Pois (Haiti), Malvavisco, Malva Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr., Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot.
pestañosa (Puerto Rico). 2(1): 38. 1858 [“1859”]; Malva americana L., Sp. Pl. 687. 1753;
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 260, 445, 601, 606. Malveopsis americana (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 72. 1891;
Sphaeralcea americana (L.) Metz, Cath. Univ. Amer. Biol. Ser. 16:
Malachra urens Poit. ex Ledeb. var. sublobata Griseb. = Malachra urens 142. 1934.
Poit. ex Ledeb. Malva curassavica Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 754. 1792.
Malva abutiloides L. = Phymosia abutiloides (L.) Ham. Malvastrum spicatum sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 25. 1866, non (L.)
A. Gray, 1849.
Malva americana L. = Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr.
Malveopsis spicata (L.) Kuntze var. normalis Kuntze f. flava Kuntze,
Malva americana sensu Bello = Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 72. 1891.
Garcke Malveopsis spicata (L.) Kuntze var. normalis Kuntze f. rubra Kuntze,
Malva antillarum Zuccagni = Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 72. 1891.
Garcke subsp. coromandelianum Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Malva betulina Desr. = Malvastrum corchorifolium (Desr.) Britton ex St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Small Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Malva caroliniana L. = Modiola caroliniana (L.) G. Don Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy,
St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba,
Malva corchorifolia Desr. = Malvastrum corchorifolium (Desr.) Britton
Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, United States
ex Small
(AL, FL, TX), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Malva coromandeliana L. = Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke Common Names: Malva, Escoba (Dominican Republic), Marie
Malva curassavica Desr. = Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. var. l’hôpital, Mauve savane, Mauve d’Amérique (Lesser Antilles),
americanum Malva silvestre (Puerto Rico), False mallow (Virgin Islands),
number 9 8 • 513
Basora blanku (Bonaire), Yerba leleko (Curaçao), Yerba malvaviscus L., Sp. Pl. 694. 1753; Achania malvaviscus (L.)
grawatado (Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao). Sw., Prodr. 102. 1788; Malvaviscus malvaviscus (L.) Voss, Vilm.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 16, 19, 31, 45, 58, 260, 323, 445. Blumengärtn., ed. 3, 1: 142. 1894.
Achania pilosa Sw., Prodr. 102. 1788; Malvaviscus pilosus (Sw.) DC.,
Malvastrum corchorifolium (Desr.) Britton ex Small, Fl. Miami 119.
Prodr. 1: 445. 1824; Hibiscus pilosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl.
1913; Malva scoparia Jacq., Collectanea 1: 59. 1787 [“1786”],
Jamaica 5: 137. 1926.
non L’Hér., 1786; Malva corchorifolia Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. cubensis Schltdl., Linnaea 11: 360.
Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 755. 1792.
1837; Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. subsp. cubensis (Schltdl.) Hadač,
Malva betulina Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 754. 1792.
Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 432. 1970.
Malvastrum rugelii S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 367. 1882.
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. grisebachii Baker f., J. Bot. 37: 345.
1899.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St.
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. mexicanus Schltdl., Linnaea 11: 359.
John, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua,
1837.
Barbados, Barbuda, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. parviflorus Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 83.
Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Curaçao,
1859.
United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. sloanei Baker f., J. Bot. 37: 345. 1899.
Common Names: Rugel’s false mallow (Bahamas), Lalo, Malva (Cuba),
Malvaviscus coccineus Medik., Malvenfam. 49. 1787.
Lalo, Escoba de puerco, Escoba (Dominican Republic), Herbe à
Malvaviscus drummondii Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 230. 1838;
balais, Leleau, La leau, Herbe à balai, Grand balai, Lalo (Haiti).
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. drummondii (Torr. & A. Gray)
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 16, 19, 58, 61, 123, 260, 280, 285, 445.
Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 215. 1942.
Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke, Bonplandia 5: 295. Malvaviscus jordan-mottii Millsp., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser.,
1857; Malva coromandeliana L., Sp. Pl. 687. 1753; Malveopsis 2(1): 73. 1900.
coromandeliana (L.) Morong, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 7: 55. Malvaviscus pulvinatus A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
1892. Vasc. 133. 1841 [“1845”].
Malva americana sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 240. Malvaviscus sagranus A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
1881, non L., 1753. Vasc. 131. 1841 [“1845”] [as sagraeanus]; Malvaviscus arboreus
Malva antillarum Zucc., Cent. Observ. Bot. no. 79. 1806; Malva Cav. var. sagranus (A. Rich.) Baker f., J. Bot. 37: 345. 1899.
tricuspidata R. Br. in W.T. Aiton var. subtriloba DC., Prodr. 1: Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica,
430. 1824. Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, Tortola), Lesser
Malva domingensis Spreng. ex DC., Prodr. 1: 431. 1824. Antilles (Barbados, Dominica), Margarita, United States, Mexico,
Malva havanensis Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 158. 1894. Central America, and South America.
Malva jamaicensis Anon. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 94. 1841, Common Names: Sagra’s malvaviscus (Bahamas), Bombillo, Majagüilla,
nom. nud., pro syn. Majagüillo, Malvavisco (Cuba), Bombilla, Bombillito, Platanito
Malva tricuspidata R. Br. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 4: 210. (Dominican Republic), Mahoe rose, Sugar bark (Jamaica),
1812, nom. illeg.; Malvastrum tricuspidatum A. Gray, Smithsonian Hibiscus-piment, Sleepy mallow (Lesser Antilles), Capucha de
Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 16. 1852. monje (Puerto Rico), Sleeping hibiscus (Virgin Islands).
Malva tricuspidata R. Br. in W.T. Aiton var. microphylla A. Rich. in References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 45, 58, 123, 131, 224, 260, 323, 445, 601, 603.
R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 116. 1841 [“1845”]. Note: Malvaviscus is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed
Sida jamaicensis Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768, non L., 1759. Hibiscus (603); considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. subsp. cubensis (Schltdl.) Hadač =
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.
St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados,
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. subsp. penduliflorus (DC.) Hadač =
St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Malvaviscus penduliflorus DC.
Curaçao, Tobago, Trinidad, United States, Mexico, Central Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. cubensis Schltdl. = Malvaviscus
America, South America, and Old World. arboreus Cav.
Common Names: False mallow (Bahamas), Malva negra, Malva prieta,
Malva rizada (Cuba), Escoba de hoja ancha, Escoba (Dominican Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. drummondii (Torr. & A. Gray) Schery =
Republic), Herbe à balai, Balai doux (Haiti), broomweed, Balai Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.
savane, Soap bush, Balai-deux-heures, Pain doux (Lesser Antilles), Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. grisebachii Baker f. = Malvaviscus
Malvavisco, Escoba blanca (Puerto Rico), Soap bush (Virgin arboreus Cav.
Islands).
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. mexicanus Schltdl. = Malvaviscus
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 16, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 260, 280, 350,
arboreus Cav.
464, 445, 601, 609.
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. parviflorus Griseb. = Malvaviscus
Malvastrum rugelii S. Watson = Malvastrum corchorifolium (Desr.)
arboreus Cav.
Britton ex Small
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. sagranus (A. Rich.) Baker f. =
Malvastrum spicatum (L.) A. Gray = Melochia spicata (L.) Fryxell
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.
Malvastrum spicatum sensu Griseb. = Malvastrum americanum (L.)
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. sloanei Baker f. = Malvaviscus
Torr. var. americanum
arboreus Cav.
Malvastrum tricuspidatum A. Gray = Malvastrum coromandelianum
Malvaviscus coccineus Medik. = Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.
(L.) Garcke
Malvaviscus cokeri Britton ex Coker = Pavonia bahamensis Hitchc.
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav., Diss. 3: 131. 1787; Achania coccinea
Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 385. 1796; Hibiscus Malvaviscus drummondii Torr. & A. Gray = Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.
Malvaviscus grandiflorus sensu Roig = Malvaviscus penduliflorus DC. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, and South
America (Brazil).
Malvaviscus jordan-mottii Millsp. = Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.
Common Name: Escobilla (Dominican Republic).
Malvaviscus malvaviscus (L.) Millsp. = Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. References: 2, 3, 7, 350, 445, 452, 601.
Malvaviscus penduliflorus DC., Prodr. 1: 445. 1824; Malvaviscus Melochia nipensis Britton = Waltheria microphylla Cav.
arboreus Cav. subsp. penduliflorus (DC.) Hadač, Folia Geobot.
Melochia nodiflora Sw., Prodr. 97. 1788; Riedlea nodiflora (Sw.) DC.,
Phytotax. 5: 432. 1970; Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var.
Prodr. 1: 491. 1824 [as Riedleya].
penduliflorus (DC.) Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 223.
?Melochia nodiflora Sw. var. longipetiolata Kitan., God. Sofiisk. Univ.
1942.
Biol. Fak., 2 Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast. 64: 61. 1972
Malvaviscus grandiflorus sensu Roig, Pl. Med. Aromat. Venenosas
[“1969-1970”].
Cuba. 521. 1974, non Kunth, 1822.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica,
Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Lucia), Tobago,
St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados,
Trinidad, and United States (FL, TX); origin unknown.
Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Common Names: Abutilón España, Mar serena, Pasiflora (Cuba),
Montserrat, Nevis, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
Pepper hibiscus, Sleeping hibiscus (Jamaica).
Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South
References: 1, 3, 4, 16, 58, 260, 603.
America.
Note: Malvaviscus is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed
Common Names: Malva colorada (Cuba), Escobilla (Dominican
Hibiscus (603).
Republic), Lalo glise (Haiti), Mauve (Lesser Antilles), Bretónica
Malvaviscus pilosus (Sw.) DC. = Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. prieta, Bretónica piramidal (Puerto Rico).
Malvaviscus poeppigii (Spreng.) G. Don = Hibiscus poeppigii (Spreng.) References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 31, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 301, 445,
Garcke 452, 601, 606.
Malvaviscus populneus (L.) Gaertn. = Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Melochia obovata Urb. = Melochia parvifolia Kunth
Corrêa Melochia parvifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Malvaviscus pulvinatus A. Rich. = Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 325. 1823.
Melochia obovata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 233. 1924.
Malvaviscus sagranus A. Rich. = Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. Distribution: Native to Cuba and South America.
Malveopsis americana (L.) Kuntze = Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. References: 3, 179, 224, 251.
Malveopsis coromandeliana (L.) Morong = Malvastrum
coromandelianum (L.) Garcke Melochia pilosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 5: 164. 1926; Sida
pilosa Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Malveopsis spicata (L.) Kuntze var. normalis Kuntze f. flava Kuntze =
Melochia jamaicensis Balb. ex DC., Prodr. 1: 492. 1824.
Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. var. americanum
Riedlea jamaicensis DC., Prodr. 1: 492. 1824.
Malveopsis spicata (L.) Kuntze var. normalis Kuntze f. rubra Kuntze = Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Central America and South
Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. var. americanum America.
Melochia arenosa Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 127. 1842. References: 2, 151, 452.
Distribution: Native to Cuba and South America. Melochia portoricensis Spreng. = Melochia tomentosa L.
References: 3, 151, 251, 452.
Melochia pyramidata L., Sp. Pl. 674. 1753; Moluchia pyramidata (L.)
Melochia bissei A. Rodr., Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 4: 83. Britton, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 69. 1918.
1983. Melochia domingensis Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 194. 1763.
Reference: 179. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Tortola), Lesser
Melochia cordata Burm. f. = Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Borss. Waalk. Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St.
Melochia crenata Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 86. 1794. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin), United States, Mexico,
Distribution: Native to Jamaica and South America. Central America, and South America.
References: 2, 151, 452. Common Names: Smooth melochia (Bahamas), Escobilla, Malva
Melochia depressa L. = Kosteletzkya depressa (L.) O.J. Blanch., Fryxell, común, Malva cimarrona, Malva de caballo (Cuba), Escobilla
& D.M. Bates (Dominican Republic), Mauve (Lesser Antilles), Bretónica
piramidal (Puerto Rico).
Melochia domingensis Jacq. = Melochia pyramidata L.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 31, 45, 58, 61, 445, 452, 601, 606.
Melochia frutescens Jacq. = Melochia tomentosa L.
Melochia savannarum Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 81. 1920.
Melochia hirsuta Cav. = Melochia spicata (L.) Fryxell Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Melochia jamaicensis Balb. ex DC. = Melochia pilosa (Mill.) Fawc. & References: 3, 156, 452.
Rendle Melochia serrata (Vent.) A. St.-Hil. & Naudin = Melochia spicata (L.)
Melochia lupulina Sw., Prodr. 97. 1788. Fryxell
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and South Melochia spicata (L.) Fryxell, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25: 457. 1988; Malva
America. spicata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1146. 1759; Malvastrum spicatum
References: 2, 151, 452. (L.) A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s., 4: 22. 1849.
Melochia manducata C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Melochia hirsuta Cav., Diss. 6: 323. 1788; Riedlea hirsuta (Cav.) DC.,
Habana 5: 241. 1868. Prodr. 1: 492. 1824.
number 9 8 • 515
Riedlea cubensis Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): *Neobuchia paulinae Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 319. 1902.
Riedlea serrata Vent., Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 8: 2. 1807 Common Name: Mapou blanc (Haiti).
[“Jul”], Ibid., Choix Pl. 37, t. 37. 1807 [“Nov”]; Melochia serrata References: 5, 7, 30, 445.
(Vent.) A. St.-Hil. & Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 18: 36. *Neoregnellia cubensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 307.
1842. 1924.
Sida villosa Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Melochia villosa (Mill.) Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cayman Islands, Cuba,
Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 5: 165. 1926. and Hispaniola.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin References: 3, 5, 7, 40, 179, 445.
Islands (Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Marie-
Galante, Martinique, St. Barthélemy), Tobago, Trinidad, United Ochroma lagopus Sw. = Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb.
States (FL, GA), Mexico, Central America, and South America. Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Common Names: Malva mora (Cuba), Escobilla (Dominican Republic), Veg. Beih. 5: 123. 1920; Bombax pyramidale Cav. ex Lam.,
Mauve-savane (Lesser Antilles), Bretónica peluda, Bretónica Encycl. 2: 552. 1788 [“14 Apr”].
aserrada (Puerto Rico). Ochroma lagopus Sw., Prodr. 98. 1788 [“20 Jun-29 Jul”].
References: 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 123, 150, 160, 301, 445, 452, 601, 606, Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
609. Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Melochia tomentosa L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1140. 1759; Moluchia Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
tomentosa (L.) Britton, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 69. 1918. Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Melochia frutescens Jacq., Observ. Bot. 2: 22. 1767; Melochia Common Names: Ceibón botija, Balsa, Lanero, Lana, Ceibón lanero,
tomentosa L. var. frutescens (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 1: 490. 1824. Palo de balsa, Seibón botija (Cuba), Lana, Lanero, Palo de
Melochia portoricensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 29. 1826. lana (Dominican Republic), Bois madame, Coton fleur, Coton
Melochia tomentosa L. var. turpiniana K. Schum. in C.F.P. von Martius, mahaudème (Haiti), Down tree, Corkwood, Bombast mahoe,
Fl. Bras. 12(3): 34. 1886 [“1886-1892”]. Balsa (Jamaica), Pripri, Fromager-mapou, Bois flot, Bois flo, Balsa,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Mahot grandes feuilles, Patte de lièvre, Patte de lapin (Lesser
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, Antilles), Balsa, Cuano, Corcho, Corkwood, Guano (Puerto Rico).
St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 31, 58, 61, 172, 301, 445, 601, 606.
(Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Pachira alba sensu Britton = Pseudobombax ellipticum (Kunth) Dugand
Pachira alba sensu Marie-Victorin & León = Pseudobombax ellipticum
(Kunth) Dugand
Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad,
United States (FL, TX), Mexico, Central America, and South Pachira aquatica Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 726. 1775.
America. Pachira grandiflora Tussac, Fl. Antill. 4: 12. 1827.
Common Names: Velvety melochia (Bahamas), Malva, Malva Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
cimarrona (Cuba), Tea bush, Raichie (Jamaica), Balsam, Black (Martinique), and Trinidad; native to Central America and South
widow, Bois-champignon, Mauve d’Amérique, Marie l’hôpital America.
(Lesser Antilles), Bretónica afelpada (Puerto Rico), Broom wood, Common Names: Carolinea, Carolina blanca, Castaño silvestre, Ceibón
Broom weed (Virgin Islands). de agua, Ceibón de arroyo, Seibón de agua, Seibón de arroyo
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 31, 45, 58, 75, 301, 323, 445, 452, 601, (Cuba), Pachira, Colorado, Carolina, Cacao cimarrón (Dominican
606. Republic), Colorade (Haiti), Chatâigne d’eau (Lesser Antilles:
Guadeloupe), Ceiba de agua (Puerto Rico).
Melochia tomentosa L. var. frutescens (Jacq.) DC. = Melochia
References: 3, 5, 7, 58, 123, 131, 132, 301, 383, 601.
tomentosa L.
Pachira cubensis (A. Robyns) Fern. Alonso, Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci.
Melochia tomentosa L. var. turpiniana K. Schum. = Melochia
Exact. 27(102): 36. 2003; Bombacopsis cubensis A. Robyns, Bull.
tomentosa L.
Jard. Bot. État 33: 183. 1963.
Melochia villosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle = Melochia spicata (L.) Fryxell Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Microcos lateriflora L. = Grewia asiatica L. Common Name: Seibón.
Modiola caroliniana (L.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 466. 1831; Malva
caroliniana L., Sp. Pl. 688. 1753. Pachira emarginata A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Jamaica; native to United States, Vasc. 176. 1841 [“1845”]; Bombax emarginatum (A. Rich.)
Mexico, Central America, and South America; pantropical. C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 241.
References: 2, 5, 7, 16, 445. 1868; Bombacopsis emarginata (A. Rich.) A. Robyns, Bull. Jard.
Bot. État 33: 189. 1963.
Moluchia pyramidata (L.) Britton = Melochia pyramidata L. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Moluchia tomentosa (L.) Britton = Melochia tomentosa L. var. Hispaniola.
tomentosa Common Names: Ceibon, Ceibón, Seibón (Cuba), Caimán, Colorado,
Juan colorado (Dominican Republic), Colorade (Haiti).
Montezuma cubensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Urb. = Thespesia cubensis
References: 3, 7, 172, 439, 445, 601.
(Britton & P. Wilson) J.B. Hutch.
Pachira grandiflora Tussac = Pachira aquatica Aubl.
Montezuma grandiflora (DC.) Urb. = Thespesia grandiflora DC.
Pachira insignis (Sw.) Sw. ex Savigny in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl.
Montezuma speciosissima DC. = Thespesia grandiflora DC.
4: 690. 1798; Carolinea insignis Sw., Prodr. 101. 1788.
Munchhusia tomentosa Raf. = Hibiscus clypeatus L. subsp. clypeatus Pachira aquatica sensu Britton, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 69. 1918,
Myrodia turbinata Sw. = Quararibea turbinata (Sw.) Poir. non Aubl., 1775.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands References: 3, 93, 260, 603.
(St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Vincent), Margarita, Hibiscus (603).
Tobago, and Trinidad; native to South America. Pavonia coccinea Cav., Diss. 3: 140. 1787.
Common Names: Carolina (Cuba), Cacao cimarón, Châtaignier, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Châtaignier marron, Cacao sauvage (Lesser Antilles). References: 5, 7, 93, 445, 603.
References: 1, 58, 123, 132, 301, 323, 439, 445, 601. Note: Reported from Puerto Rico by Cook and Collins (606) and given
Pachira sessilis Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 70. 1844; Bombacopsis the common name “Cadillo anaranjado.” Pavonia is perhaps
sessilis (Benth.) Pittier, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 162. 1916. better included in a broadly circumscribed Hibiscus (603).
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Jamaica; native to Central America. Pavonia coccinea sensu A. Stahl = Pavonia paniculata Cav.
Reference: 439.
Pavonia cordifolia C. Wright ex Griseb. = Peltaea speciosa (Kunth)
Pariti elatum (Sw.) G. Don = Hibiscus elatus Sw. Standl.
Pariti elatum (Sw.) A. Rich. = Hibiscus elatus Sw. Pavonia corymbosa (Sw.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 836. 1800; Althaea
Pariti elatum (Sw.) G. Don var. macrocarpum Griseb. = Hibiscus corymbosa Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2(2): 1213. 1800; Malache
elatus Sw. corymbosa (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 1891; Pavonia
paniculata Cav. var. corymbosa (Sw.) Gürke in C.F.P. von Martius,
Pariti pernambucense (Arruda) G. Don = Hibiscus tiliaceus L. var.
Fl. Bras. 12(3): 506. 1892 [“1886-1892”].
pernambucensis (Arruda) I.M. Johnst.
Malachra cordata Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 3:
Pariti tiliaceum (L.) A. Juss. = Hibiscus tiliaceus L. var. tiliaceus 578. 1814.
Pariti tiliaceum sensu authors = Hibiscus tiliaceus L. var. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Central America, and
pernambucensis (Arruda) I.M. Johnst. South America.
Common Name: Malva acorazonada (Puerto Rico).
Pavonia achanioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 27. 1866; Malache References: 93, 603, 606.
achanioides (Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 1891. Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed
Hibiscus mogotensis Carabia, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey” Hibiscus (603).
17: 15. 1943; Pavonia mogotensis (Carabia) Fryxell, Fl. Neotrop.
Monogr. 76: 93. 1999. Pavonia cryptocalyx Urb. in I. Urban & B. Helwig, Repert. Spec. Nov.
Pavonia achanioides Griseb. var. tuberculata R.E. Fr., Kongl. Regni Veg. 24: 234. 1928.
Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 24(2): 26. 1947; Pavonia Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
tuberculata (R.E. Fr.) Krapov., Trabalh. XXVI Congr. Nac. Bot. References: 3, 93, 156, 260, 603.
Brasil 322. 1977. Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Hibiscus (603).
Common Name: Majagüilla. Pavonia ekmanii Helwig in I. Urban & B. Helwig, Repert. Spec. Nov.
References: 3, 93, 260, 156, 601, 603. Regni Veg. 24: 235. 1928.
Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Hibiscus (603). References: 5, 7, 93, 603.
Pavonia achanioides Griseb. var. tuberculata R.E. Fr. = Pavonia Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed
achanioides Griseb. Hibiscus (603).
Pavonia aristata Cav. = Pavonia spinifex (L.) Cav. Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 5: 130. 1926;
Sida fruticosa Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Typhalea fruticosa
Pavonia aurantia Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 134. 1971. (Mill.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). & Virgin Islands 5: 560. 1924.
References: 7, 8, 93, 445, 603. Malache typhalaea (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 1891; Urena
Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed typhalaea L., Mant. Pl. 2: 258. 1771; Pavonia typhalaea (L.) Cav.,
Hibiscus (603). Diss. 3: 134. 1787; Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle var.
Pavonia bahamensis Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 63. typhalaea (L.) Stehlé, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 92: 263. 1945.
1893; Malache bahamensis (Hitchc.) Britton & Millsp., Bahama Pavonia brachypoda Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(1):
Fl. 271. 1920. 563. 1858.
Malvaviscus cokeri Britton ex Coker in Shattuck, Veget. Bahama Isl. Malache typhalaea (L.) Kuntze f. albiflora Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 70.
259. 1905. 1891.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas. Malache typhalaea (L.) Kuntze f. aurantiaca Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1:
Common Name: Bahama swamp-bush (Bahamas). 70. 1891.
References: 45, 93, 603. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed Antilles (Dominica, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Central
Hibiscus (603). America, and South America.
Common Names: Tábano (Cuba), Cadillo, Cadillo de gato, Cadillo
Pavonia berteroi Spreng. = Kosteletzkya depressa (L.) O.J. Blanch.,
de perro, Cadillo de tres pies, Cadillo del cacao (Dominican
Fryxell, & D.M. Bates
Republic), Cousin z’avoine (Haiti), Cadillo pequeque, Anamu
Pavonia brachypoda Turcz. = Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle. (Lesser Antilles), Anamú, Cadillo pequeño, Cadillo pequeque
Pavonia calcicola (Britton) Ekman in I. Urban & B. Helwig, Repert. (Puerto Rico).
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 234. 1928; Malache calcicola Britton, References: 2, 3, 7, 58, 61, 93, 131, 260, 301, 445, 601, 603, 606.
Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 80. 1920. Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Hibiscus (603).
number 9 8 • 517
Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle var. angustiloba Stehlé = Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Pavonia schiedeana Steud. Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St.
Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle var. typhalaea (L.) Stehlé =
Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad,
Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle
United States (FL), Central America, and South America.
Pavonia heterostemon Urb. in I. Urban & B. Helwig, Repert. Spec. Common Names: Mahaut, Majagüilla (Cuba), Majagüilla (Dominican
Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 233. 1928. Republic), Mahaut (Haiti), Smaller mahoe (Jamaica), Cadillo de
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. cienaga, Gombo-mangle, Koton, Mahot-mangle, Mahot-mare,
References: 3, 93, 156, 260, 603. Sunabao, Swamp bush, Wild cotton (Lesser Antilles), Cadillo de
Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed ciénega (Puerto Rico).
Hibiscus (603). References: 1, 45, 58, 61, 93, 230, 260, 301, 445, 601, 603, 606.
Pavonia hispida C. Wright = Malachra radiata (L.) L. Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed
Hibiscus (603).
Pavonia hotteana Helwig, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 27. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Pavonia paniculata Cav., Diss. 3: 135. 1787; Lebretonia paniculata
References: 5, 7, 93, 445, 603. (Cav.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed & Virgin Islands 5: 561. 1924; Malache paniculata (Cav.) Kuntze,
Hibiscus (603). Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 1891; Lass paniculata (Cav.) Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. Pl. 3(2): 20. 1898 [as Lassa].
Pavonia intermixta A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Pavonia coccinea sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 85. 1884,
Vasc. 128. 1841 [“1845”]. non Cav., 1787.
Pavonia lagunarum Hadač, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 431. 1970. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Pavonia linearis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and
127. 1841 [“1845”]. South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Majagüilla (Dominican Republic), Cadillo
Common Name: Majagüilla. anaranjado (Lesser Antilles), Cadillo anaranjado, Cadillo altea
References: 3, 93, 260, 601, 603. (Puerto Rico).
Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 58, 61, 93, 131, 445, 603, 609.
Hibiscus (603). Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed
Pavonia lagunarum Hadač = Pavonia intermixta A. Rich. Hibiscus (603).
Pavonia leiocarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 279. 1912. Pavonia paniculata Cav. var. corymbosa (Sw.) Gürke = Pavonia
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). corymbosa (Sw.) Willd.
References: 5, 7, 30, 93, 445, 603. Pavonia platanifolia Willd. = Hibiscus platanifolius (Willd.) Sweet
Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed
Hibiscus (603). Pavonia poeppigii (Spreng.) Schltdl. = Hibiscus poeppigii (Spreng.)
Garcke
Pavonia linearis A. Rich. = Pavonia intermixta A. Rich.
Pavonia punctata Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 420. 1908.
Pavonia malacophylla (Link & Otto) Garcke, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Gart. Berlin 1: 221. 1881; Sida malacophylla Link & Otto, Icon. References: 5, 7, 93, 260, 445, 603.
Pl. Select. 67. 1822; Lopimia malacophylla (Link & Otto) Mart., Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed
Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 11: 97. Hibiscus (603). Fryxell (93) attributed this species to Cuba, but
1823; Malache malacophylla (Link & Otto) Standl., Contr. U.S. later F. Areces Berazaín and Fryxell (260) excluded it from that
Natl. Herb. 23: 771. 1923. island as they considered Fryxell’s earlier determination to be
Pavonia megalophylla C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 27. 1866. equivocal.
America. Pavonia racemosa Sw. = Pavonia paludicola Nicolson ex Fryxell
References: 260, 601, 603. Pavonia racemosa Sw. var. troyana Urb. = Pavonia troyana (Urb.) Urb.
Pavonia rosea Schltdl. = Pavonia schiedeana Steud.
Hibiscus (603).
Pavonia rosea Schltdl. var. rigida R.E. Fr. = Pavonia schiedeana Steud.
Pavonia megalophylla C. Wright ex Griseb. = Pavonia malacophylla
(Link & Otto) Garcke Pavonia scabra (B. Vogel) Cif. = Pavonia paludicola Nicolson ex Fryxell
Pavonia mogotensis (Carabia) Fryxell = Pavonia achanioides Griseb. Pavonia scabra (B. Vogel) Stehlé & L. Quentin = Pavonia paludicola
Nicolson ex Fryxell
Pavonia paludicola Nicolson ex Fryxell in R.A. Howard, Fl. Lesser
Antilles 5: 241. 1989; Malache scabra B. Vogel in C.J. Trew, Pl. Pavonia schiedeana Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 279. 1841;
Select. 9: 50. 1772; Pavonia scabra (B. Vogel) Cif., Atti Ist. Bot. Pavonia rosea Schltdl., Linnaea 11: 355. 1837, non Wall. ex
Univ. Pavia, ser. 4, 8: 321. 1936, non C. Presl, 1835; Pavonia Moris, 1833; Malache rosea (Schltdl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1:
scabra (B. Vogel) Stehlé & L. Quentin, Fl. Guadeloupe & Depend. 71. 1891.
2(1): 104. 1938 [“1937”], comb. superfl., non C. Presl, 1835; Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle var. angustiloba Stehlé, Bull.
Malache spicata Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 1891, nom. illeg.; Soc. Bot. France 92: 264. 1945.
Althaea racemosa Sw., Prodr. 102. 1788, nom. illeg.; Pavonia Pavonia rosea Schltdl. var. rigida R.E. Fr., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.
racemosa Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2(2): 1215. 1800, nom. illeg.; Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 24(2): 25. 1947.
Pavonia spicata Cav., Diss. 3: 136. 1787, nom. illeg. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Martinique),
Pavonia spicata sensu Liogier, Phytologia Mem. 3: 107. 1981, non Cav. Mexico, Central America, and South America.
1787. Common Name: Conger watchman (Jamaica).
References: 2, 3, 93, 260, 603. Peltaea subpandurata (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Krapov. & Cristóbal,
Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed Kurtziana 2: 209. 1965; Pavonia subpandurata C. Wright ex
Hibiscus (603). Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 26. 1866; Malache subpandurata (C. Wright
ex Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 71. 1891; Pavonia speciosa
Pavonia speciosa Kunth = Peltaea speciosa (Kunth) Standl.
Kunth var. subpandurata (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Gürke in C.F.P.
Pavonia speciosa Kunth var. subpandurata (C. Wright ex Griseb.) von Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3): 495. 1892 [“1886-1892”].
Gürke = Peltaea subpandurata (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Krapov. & Pavonia subpandurata C. Wright ex Griseb. var. flava Helwig in I.
Cristóbal Urban & B. Helwig, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 235. 1928.
Pavonia spicata Cav. = Pavonia paludicola Nicolson ex Fryxell Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Name: Majagüín.
Pavonia spicata sensu Liogier = Pavonia paludicola Nicolson ex Fryxell References: 260, 443, 601.
Pavonia spicata Cav. var. troyana (Urb.) Fawc. & Rendle = Pavonia Peltaea trinervis (C. Presl) Krapov. & Cristóbal, Kurtziana 2: 168.
troyana (Urb.) Urb. 1965; Malachra trinervis C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2: 126. 1835.
Pavonia spinifex (L.) Cav., Diss. 3: 133. 1787; Hibiscus spinifex L., Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and
Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1149. 1759; Lass spinifex (L.) Kuntze, Revis. South America.
Gen. Pl. 3(2): 20. 1898 [as Lassa]; Malache spinifex (L.) Kuntze, References: 260, 443.
Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 1891; Typhalea spinifex (L.) C. Presl, Abh. Pentapetes phoenicea L., Sp. Pl. 698. 1753.
Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 449. 1845. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico;
Pavonia aristata Cav., Diss. 3: 133. 1787. native to tropical Asia.
Pavonia spinifex (L.) Cav. var. grandiflora DC., Prodr. 1: 443. 1824. Common Names: Cordobán, Cáñamo (Cuba), Phlos impius, Flor impía
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto (Puerto Rico).
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, References: 3, 7, 58, 61, 224, 445, 601.
Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat,
Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, Phymosia abutiloides (L.) Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 50.
St. Vincent), Margarita, Trinidad, and United States. 1825; Malva abutiloides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 971. 1763; Sphaeralcea
Common Names: Pavonia (Bahamas), Majagüilla espinosa, Majagüilla abutiloides (L.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 465. 1831.
de costa espinosa, Guizazo de tres filos (Cuba), Cadillo, Cadillo Abutilon eggersii Baker f., J. Bot. 31: 75. 1893.
amarillo, Cadillo americano, Cadillo de tres pies (Dominican Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Hispaniola.
Republic), Cousin, Cousin piquant, Grand cousin, Petit cousin, Common Name: Bahama phymosia (Bahamas).
Piquant cousin (Haiti), Spur bur (Jamaica), Cadillo espinoso, References: 7, 45, 441, 445.
Coquelicot, Mahot jaune (Lesser Antilles), Abutilón espinoso, Pseudabutilon spicatum (Kunth) R.E. Fr. = Briquetia spicata (Kunth)
Cadillo espinoso, Spiny abutilon (Puerto Rico). Fryxell
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 58, 61, 93, 131, 260, 301, 323, 445, 601,
Pseudabutilon umbellatum (L.) Fryxell, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb.
603, 606, 609.
21: 190. 1997; Sida umbellata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1145. 1759;
Abutilon umbellatum (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 53. 1826.
Hibiscus (603).
Abutilon leiospermum sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 240.
Pavonia spinifex (L.) Cav. var. grandiflora DC. = Pavonia spinifex (L.) 1881, non Griseb., 1859.
Cav. Abutilon umbellatum (L.) Sweet subsp. glutinosum R.E. Fr., Kongl.
Pavonia subpandurata C. Wright ex Griseb. = Peltaea subpandurata Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 24(2): 5. 1947.
(C. Wright ex Griseb.) Krapov. & Cristóbal Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Pavonia subpandurata C. Wright ex Griseb. var. flava Helwig = Peltaea Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua,
subpandurata (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Krapov. & Cristóbal Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St.
Pavonia troyana (Urb.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 459. Lucia, St. Martin), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Trinidad,
1914; Malache troyana (Urb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: United States (TX), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
345. 1908; Pavonia racemosa Sw. var. troyana Urb., Symb. Antill. Common Names: Malvavisco cimarrón, Pichona mocha (Puerto Rico).
5: 530. 1908; Pavonia spicata Cav. var. troyana (Urb.) Fawc. & References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 131, 152, 156, 260, 301, 323,
Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 5: 132. 1926. 340, 442, 445, 606, 609.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Pseudobombax ellipticum (Kunth) Dugand, Caldasia 2: 67. 1943;
Common Name: Congo mahoe. Bombax ellipticum Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
References: 93, 603. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 299. 1822.
Note: Pavonia is perhaps better included in a broadly circumscribed Carolinea alba sensu Millsp., Publ. Field Columb. Mus. Bot. 1: 309.
Hibiscus (603). 1896, non Lodd., 1823.
Pavonia typhalaea (L.) Cav. = Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle Pachira alba sensu Britton, Mem. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. 1: 69. 1918, non
(Lodd.) Walp., 1842.
Peltaea speciosa (Kunth) Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 113.
Pachira alba sensu Marie-Victorin & León, Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ.
1916; Pavonia speciosa Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A.
Montréal 50: 216. 1944, non (Lodd.) Walp., 1842.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Grenada),
Malache speciosa (Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 71. 1891.
Mexico, and Central America; exotic in Virgin Islands (St.
Pavonia cordifolia C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 27. 1866.
Thomas).
Common Names: Carolina (Cuba), Don Diego de día (Dominican
Common Name: Majagüín.
Republic).
References: 3, 260, 443, 601.
number 9 8 • 519
References: 3, 7, 172, 224, 439, 445, 611. Sida abutilon L. = Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Sida acuminata DC. = Sidastrum multiflorum (Jacq.) Fryxell
Pseudobombax maximum A. Robyns, Bull. Jard. Bot. État 33: 71. Sida acuminata DC. var. macrophylla Schltdl. = Sidastrum multiflorum
1963. (Jacq.) Fryxell
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Thomas);
native to Colombia and Venezuela. Sida acuta Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 147. 1768.
References: 151, 439. Sida carpinifolia L. f., Suppl. Pl. 307. 1782 [“1781”], non Mill., 1768,
nec Bourg. ex Griseb, 1864.
Pseudomalachra ciliaris (L.) Monteiro = Sida ciliaris L. Sida carpinifolia Bourg. ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 74. 1864, nom. nud.,
Pterospermum acerifolium Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3(1): 729. 1800. pro syn.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe) and United States Sida carpinifolia L. f. var. brevicuspidata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 73. 1859.
(FL); native to Asia. Sida carpinifolia L. f. var. genuina Stehlé, Boissiera 7: 37. 1943.
Reference: 254 (Duss 3974). Sida commixta Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629. 1924.
Sida crassa Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629. 1924.
Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R. Br., Pterocymbium 234. 1844; Sterculia
?Sida grandior Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 628. 1924.
alata Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 3: 84. 1820.
Sida malifolia Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629. 1924.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Martinique, Trinidad, United States (FL),
Sida martinicensis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629. 1924.
Brazil and Australia; native to India.
?Sida parens Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629. 1924.
References: 254 (Stehlé & Stehlé 4349), 608.
?Sida versatilis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 628. 1924.
Quararibea turbinata (Sw.) Poir., Encycl. Suppl. 4: 636. 1816; Myrodia ?Sida zelotes Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629. 1924.
turbinata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 102. 1788. Sida stipularis sensu Liogier, Descript. Fl. Puerto Rico 3: 162. 1994.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua,
Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
St. Vincent), and Tobago; reported erroneously for Suriname. Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
Common Names: Garrocha, Molinillo, Molinero, Paragüita St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago,
(Dominican Republic), Bois de lance, Lélé, Millerwood, Bois- Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, and
lélé, Swizzlestick wood, Swizzlestick tree (Lesser Antilles), Palo Asia; pantropical.
de garrocha, Palo de percha, Garracho (Puerto Rico), Garrot, Common Names: Wire-weed (Bahamas), Malva de caballo (Cuba),
Swizzle-stick tree (Virgin Islands). Escoba, Escoba blanca, Escoba dulce, Escobita, Malva té
References: 1, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 131, 151, 301, 445, 447, 606. (Dominican Republic), Herbe connaît, Balai cinq heures,
Redutea heterophylla Vent. = Cienfuegosia heterophylla (Vent.) Garcke Guimauve à petites fleurs, Petit lalo, Ti-lalo (Haiti), Broomweed
(Jamaica), Broomweed, Sweet broom, Wire weed, Balai-onze-
Riedlea berteriana Balb. ex DC. = Waltheria glabra Poir. heures, Balié, Balyé savann, Balai-savane, Balai midi (Lesser
Riedlea cubensis Turcz. = Melochia spicata (L.) Fryxell Antilles), Escobita dulce, Escoba blanca, Escoba (Puerto Rico),
Wire weed (Virgin Islands).
Riedlea hirsuta (Cav.) DC. = Melochia spicata (L.) Fryxell
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 18, 19, 31, 45, 58, 61, 279, 285, 301, 323,
Riedlea jamaicensis DC. = Melochia pilosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle 445, 601, 606.
Riedlea nodiflora (Sw.) DC. = Melochia nodiflora Sw. Note: Although Sida carpinifolia L. f. is generally considered a synonym
of S. acuta Burm. f., Krapovickas (279) considers it a synonym of
Riedlea serrata Vent. = Melochia spicata (L.) Fryxell S. planicaulis Cav., which is not known from the West Indies.
Sida abutilifolia Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Sida acuta sensu Alain = Sida ulmifolia Mill.
Sida caespitosa Helwig in I. Urban & B. Helwig, Repert. Spec. Nov.
Regni Veg. 24: 232. 1928. Sida aggregata C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2: 106. 1835.
?Sida glechomifolia Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 633. 1924, nom. Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
illeg. St. Barthélemy), Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, Central
Sida javensis Cav. subsp. expilosa Borss. Waalk., Blumea 14: 185. 1966. America, and South America.
Sida ovata Cav., Diss. 6: 350. 1788, non Forssk., 1775, nec G. Don, References: 1, 2, 18, 61, 285, 323.
1831. Sida alba L. = Sida spinosa L.
Sida pilosa Cav., Diss. 1: 9. 1785, non Mill., 1768, nec Retz., 1781, nec
Sida althaeifolia Sw. = Sida cordifolia L.
L’Hér., 1789, nec Vell., 1825.
Sida procumbens Sw., Prodr. 101. 1788. Sida americana L. = Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex Hochr.
Sida procumbens Sw. var. pilosa Cav. ex Barker & Dardeau, La Flore Sida amplissima L. = Wissadula amplissima (L.) R.E. Fr.
d’Haiti 219. 1930, nom. nud.
Sida supina L’Hér., Stirp. Nov. 109. 1789. Sida angustifolia Mill. = Sida spinosa L.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Sida antillensis Urb. = Sida ulmifolia Mill.
Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua,
Sida arguta Sw. = Sida glabra Mill. var. glabra
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius,
St. Martin), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, United States, Mexico, Sida aurita Link = Abutilon auritum (Link) Sweet
Central America, and South America. Sida avicularioides Gand. = Sida ciliaris L.
Common Name: Escoba tendida (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 5, 58, 240, 260, 285, 445, 601, 606, 609. Sida balbisiana DC. = Sida ulmifolia Mill.
Sida abutiloides Jacq. = Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex Hochr. Sida bastardia DC. = Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. viscosa
Sida bellidifolia Gand. = Sida ciliaris L. Sida contracta Link = Wissadula contracta (Link) R.E. Fr.
Sida berteroana Balb. ex DC. = Sida glomerata Cav. Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Borss. Waalk., Blumea 14: 182. 1966; Melochia
cordata Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 143. 1768.
Sida bivalvis Cav. = Bastardia bivalvis (Cav.) Kunth
Sida humilis Cav., Diss. 5: 277. 1788.
Sida boryi Gand. = Sida jamaicensis L. Sida procumbens sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 239.
Sida brachypetala DC. = Sida ulmifolia Mill. 1881, non Sw., 1788.
Sida supina sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 67. 1884, non
Sida brevipubens Gand. = Sida glutinosa Comm. ex Cav. L’Hér., 1789.
Sida brittonii León, Torreya 19: 172. 1919 [as Brittoni]. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (St.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. John, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); reported for Cuba by Roig y Mesa
References: 152, 156, 260, 277. (132).
Common Name: Escoba tendida (Puerto Rico).
Sida caespitosa Helwig = Sida abutilifolia Mill.
References: 7, 18, 61, 75, 228, 340, 445, 606.
Sida callifera Griseb. = Sida collina Schltdl. Note: Fryxell (18) notes that this species is freely confused in the
Sida candolleana Monteiro = Sidastrum multiflorum (Jacq.) Fryxell literature with S. repens Dombey ex Cav.
Sida capitata L. = Malachra capitata (L.) L. Sida cordifolia L., Sp. Pl. 684. 1753.
Sida althaeifolia Sw., Prodr. 101. 1788 [as althaeaeifolia]; Sida
Sida carpinifolia Bourg. ex Griseb. = Sida acuta Burm. f. cordifolia L. var. althaeifolia (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 76. 1859;
Sida carpinifolia L. f. = Sida acuta Burm. f. Sida cordifolia L. var. althaeifolia (Sw.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc.
Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 218. 1890, comb. superfl.
Sida carpinifolia sensu Griseb. = Sida ulmifolia Mill.
Sida conferta Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 207. 1822, non Salzm.
Sida carpinifolia L. f. var. balbisiana (DC.) Millsp. = Sida ulmifolia Mill. ex Triana & Planch., 1862, nec Sessé & Moç., 1894; Sida
Sida carpinifolia L. f. var. brevicuspidata Griseb. = Sida acuta Burm. f. cordifolia L. var. conferta (Link) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 76. 1859.
Sida hamulosa Salzm. ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 76. 1864, nom. nud.,
Sida carpinifolia L. f. var. genuina Stehlé = Sida acuta Burm. f. pro syn.
Sida carpinifolia L. f. var. hochreutineri Stehlé = Sida ulmifolia Mill. Sida micans Cav., Diss. 1: 19. 1785.
Sida mollis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 76. 1864, nom. nud., pro syn.
Sida ciliaris L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1145. 1759; Pseudomalachra ciliaris
Sida portoricensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 114. 1826.
(L.) Monteiro, Portugaliae Acta Biol., Sér. B, Sist. 12(1-4): 133.
Sida truncata Cav., Diss. 1: 35. 1785, non L’Hér., 1789; Abutilon
1974.
truncatum (Cav.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 503. 1831.
?Sida avicularioides Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629. 1924.
Sida bellidifolia Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629. 1924.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Virgin
Sida involucrata A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc.
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
162. 1841 [“1845”]; Sida ciliaris L. var. involucrata (A. Rich.)
Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago,
Clement, Contr. Gray Herb. 180: 25. 1957.
Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old
Sida microtricha Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629. 1924.
World.
?Sida minutifolia Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629. 1924.
Common Names: Malva blanca (Cuba), Yerba blanca (Dominican
Sida ononidifolia Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629. 1924.
Republic), Balai-onze-heures, Balai savane, Balai poilu (Lesser
Sida tridentata Cav., Icon. 4: 6. 1797; Pseudomalachra tridentata (Cav.)
Antilles), Escoba acorazonada (Puerto Rico).
Monteiro, Portugaliae Acta Biol., Sér. B, Sist. 12(1-4): 134. 1974.
References: 4, 7, 16, 18, 19, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 260, 301, 323,
445, 601, 606, 609.
Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Sida cordifolia L. var. althaeifolia (Sw.) M. Gómez = Sida cordifolia L.
Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Grenada, Sida cordifolia L. var. althaeifolia (Sw.) Griseb. = Sida cordifolia L.
St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Aruba, Sida cordifolia L. var. conferta (Link) Griseb. = Sida cordifolia L.
Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, United States, Mexico, Central Sida cordifolia L. subsp. maculata (Cav.) Marais = Sida cordifolia L.
America, and South America; adventive in the Philippines.
Sida crassa Gand. = Sida acuta Burm. f.
Common Names: Fringed sida (Bahamas), Malva (Cuba), Escoba
de sabana (Dominican Republic), Balai-trois-heures, Petit balai Sida crassifolia L’Hér. = Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex Hochr.
(Lesser Antilles), Escoba peluda, Escoba pestañosa (Puerto Rico). Sida crispa L. = Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 16, 18, 19, 45, 58, 61, 260, 277, 285, 323,
445, 601, 606, 609. Sida cubensis Gand. = Sida urens L.
Sida ciliaris L. var. involucrata (A. Rich.) Clement = Sida ciliaris L. Sida cydoniifolia Gand. = Sida jamaicensis L.
Sida cistiflora L’Hér. = Abutilon mollissimum (Cav.) Sweet Sida dasytricha Gand. = Sida urens L.
Sida collina Schltdl., Linnaea 11: 364. 1837. Sida densiuscula Gand. = Sida jamaicensis L.
Sida callifera Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 24. 1866. Sida domingensis Gand. = Sida urens L.
Sida dumosa Sw. = Allosidastrum pyramidatum (Desp. ex Cav.)
America.
Krapov., Fryxell, & D.M. Bates
References: 16, 120, 260, 601.
Sida eggersii Baker f. = Bastardiopsis eggersii (Baker f.) Fuertes &
Sida commixta Gand. = Sida acuta Burm. f.
Fryxell
Sida conferta Link = Sida cordifolia L.
Sida eggersii Gand. = Sida jamaicensis L.
number 9 8 • 521
Sida elata Macfad. = Abutilon giganteum (Jacq.) Sweet Sida glutinosa Comm. ex Cav. var. cinerea Baker f. = Sida glutinosa
Comm. ex Cav.
Sida emarginata Willd. = Sida spinosa L.
Sida grandior Gand. = Sida acuta Burm. f.
Sida erecta Macfad. = Sida salviifolia C. Presl
Sida grata Gand. = Sida rhombifolia L.
Sida excelsior Cav. = Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) C. Presl
Sida guadalupensis Gand. = Sida jamaicensis L.
Sida fragrans L’Hér. = Bastardia bivalvis (Cav.) Kunth
Sida guineensis Schumach. = Abutilon guineense (Schumach.) Baker f.
Sida fruticosa Mill. = Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle
& Exell var. guineense
Sida gigantea Jacq. = Abutilon giganteum (Jacq.) Sweet
Sida hamulosa Salzm. ex Griseb. = Sida cordifolia L.
Sida glabra Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768, non Nutt., 1834, var.
Sida hederifolia Cav., Diss. 1: 8. 1785 [as hederaefolia].
glabra
Sida javensis sensu authors, non Cav., 1785.
Sida arguta Sw., Prodr. 101. 1788, non Fisch. ex Link, 1822, nec
Sida veronicifolia sensu authors, non Lam., 1783.
C. Presl, 1835.
Sida veronicifolia Lam. var. hederifolia K. Schum. in C.F.P. von Martius,
Sida ulmifolia Cav., Diss. 1: 15. 1785, non Mill., 1768, nec Willd., 1814.
Fl. Bras. 12(3): 320. 1891 [“1886-1892”].
Jamaica, and Hispaniola.
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Dominica, Grenada,
Common Names: Ivy-leaved sida (Bahamas), Yedra terrestre (Cuba),
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Redonda, St. Barthélemy,
Vente conmigo (Dominican Republic).
St. Martin), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 2, 7, 45, 123, 151, 260, 261, 445, 601.
Common Names: Santa María, Escoba, Friega platos (Dominican
Note: Borssum Waalkes (261) was uncertain as to the identity of Sida
Republic), Balai-cinq-heures, Balai deux heures (Lesser Antilles),
hederifolia, believing it might be synonymous with S. javensis
Escobita dulce (Puerto Rico).
Cav., which is how Liogier (445) treated it. Kearney (L512)
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 16, 18, 19, 58, 61, 260, 445, 601, 606, 609.
thought S. hederifolia might not be specifically distinct from
Sida glabra Mill. var. setifera Helwig in I. Urban & B. Helwig, Repert. the earlier S. veronicifolia Lam., which Fryxell (18) placed in
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 233. 1928. synonymy under S. cordata (Burm. f.) Borss. Waalk.
Sida hernandioides L’Hér. = Wissadula hernandioides (L’Hér.) Garcke
References: 7, 445.
Sida hirta Lam. = Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet
Sida glechomifolia Gand. = Sida abutilifolia Mill.
Sida hulseana Torr. & A. Gary = Abutilon hulseanum (Torr. & A. Gray)
Sida glomerata Cav., Diss. 1: 18. 1785.
Torr. ex A. Gray.
Sida berteroana Balb. ex DC., Prodr. 1: 460. 1824 [as berteriana].
Sida jamaicensis sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 239. 1881, Sida humilis Cav. = Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Borss. Waalk.
non L., 1759. Sida humilis sensu Britton & P. Wilson = Sida repens Dombey ex Cav.
Sida jamaicensis sensu M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19:
2218. 1890, non L., 1759. Sida imberbis DC. = Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Sida indica L. = Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet var. indicum
Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda),
Sida integrifolia Sessé & Moc. = Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) Presl ex
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
C. Thwaites
Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita,
Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, and South America. Sida involucrata A. Rich. = Sida ciliaris L.
Common Names: Escoba (Dominican Republic), Balai savane (Lesser Sida jamaicensis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1145. 1759, non Mill., 1768,
Antilles), Escoba de palma (Puerto Rico). nec Vell., 1825, nec. D. Dietr., 1847.
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 18, 19, 31, 58, 61, 260, 279, 301, 323, 445, 609. ?Sida boryi Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 630. 1924.
Sida glutinosa Comm. ex Cav., Diss. 1: 16. 1785. Sida cydonifolia Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 630. 1924.
?Sida brevipubens Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 630. 1924. Sida densiuscula Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 630. 1924.
?Sida glutinosa Comm. ex Cav. var. antiguensis Hochr., Annuaire Sida eggersii Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 630. 1924, non Baker f.,
Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 39. 1902. 1892.
?Sida glutinosa Comm. ex Cav. var. cinerea Baker f., J. Bot. 30: 294. Sida guadalupensis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 630. 1924.
1892. Sida mollis Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1 : 111. 1792, non Ortega,
Sida nervosa DC., Prodr. 1: 465. 1824. 1798.
Sida parviflora Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 156. 1894, non Willd., Sida sericea Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768, non Cav., 1802.
1809. Sida tristis Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 271. 1828.
?Sida velutinifolia Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 630. 1924. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John), Lesser (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia),
Antilles (Guadeloupe), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, South Bonaire, Curaçao, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
America, and Mauritius. Common Names: Escoba (Dominican Republic), Balai-onze-heures
Common Names: Sticky sida (Bahamas), Malva bruja, Malva de Cuba, (Lesser Antilles).
Malva del país, Malva fibrosa (Cuba), Balai-cinq-heures (Lesser References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 16, 18, 19, 58, 61, 260, 279, 285, 445, 609.
Antilles). Sida jamaicensis Mill. = Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 16, 19, 132, 260, 301, 445, 601, 609.
Sida jamaicensis sensu Bello = Sida glomerata Cav.
Sida glutinosa Comm. ex Cav. var. antiguensis Hochr. = Sida glutinosa
Comm. ex. Cav. Sida jamaicensis sensu M. Gómez = Sida glomerata Cav.
Sida javensis sensu authors = Sida hederifolia Cav. Sida periplocifolia L. var. caribaea DC. = Wissadula hernandioides
(L’Hér.) Garcke
Sida javensis Cav. subsp. expilosa Borss. Waalk. = Sida abutilifolia Mill.
Sida permollis Willd. = Abutilon permolle (Willd.) Sweet
Sida kohautiana C. Presl = Sida rhombifolia L.
Sida phlebococca Griseb. = Sidastrum micranthum (A. St.-Hil.) Fryxell
Sida lanceolata A. Rich. = Sida ulmifolia Mill.
Sida pilosa Cav. = Sida abutilifolia Mill.
Sida leiophylla Spreng. = Allosidastrum pyramidatum (Desp. ex Cav.)
Krapov., Fryxell, & D.M. Bates Sida pilosa Mill. = Melochia pilosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle
Sida leprosa (Ortega) K. Schum. = Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov. Sida portoricensis Spreng. = Sida cordifolia L.
Sida lignosa Cav. = Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex Hochr. Sida praelonga Gand. = Sida rhombifolia L.
Sida linifolia Cav., Diss. 1: 14. 1785. Sida procumbens Sw. = Sida abutilifolia Mill.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles Sida procumbens sensu Bello = Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Borss. Waalk.
(Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Kitts), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico,
Central America, South America, Africa, and the Pacific. Sida procumbens Sw. var. pilosa Cav. ex Barker & Dardeau = Sida
Common Names: Flor de sabana (Dominican Republic), Balai grand, abutilifolia Mill.
Balai gaud (Lesser Antilles). Sida pubescens Cav. = Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet var. indicum
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 16, 18, 260, 277, 301, 445, 601, 609.
Sida pyramidata Desp. ex Cav. = Allosidastrum pyramidatum (Desp. ex
Sida luciana DC. = Wissadula contracta (Link) R.E. Fr. Cav.) Krapov., Fryxell, & D.M. Bates
Sida maculata Cav., Diss. 1: 20. 1785; Sida cordifolia L. subsp. Sida radiata L. = Malachra radiata (L.) L.
maculata (Cav.) Marais, Kew Bull. 38(1): 43. 1983.
Sida repens Dombey ex Cav., Diss. 1: 7. 1785.
Sida suberosa L’Hér., Stirp. Nov. 113. 1789.
Sida humilis sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
Islands 5: 553. 1924, non Cav., 1768.
Common Name: Malva peluda (Cuba).
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Guana, St.
References: 7, 18, 260, 445.
Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); native to
Sida malacophylla Link & Otto = Pavonia malacophylla (Link & Otto) Central America and South America; also found in Malesia.
Garcke References: 18, 19, 58, 267.
Sida malifolia Gand. = Sida acuta Burm. f. Note: Synonyms of this name that Fryxell cited (19, 267) in several
floras were later (260) considered by him to be synonyms of S.
Sida martinicensis Gand. = Sida acuta Burm. f. abutilifolia Mill. Also, although Fryxell (18) once stated that Sida
Sida micans Cav. = Sida cordifolia L. repens occurs in “Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, the Bahamas, the
Virgin Islands, and Grenada,” the name is not mentioned in Flora
Sida micrantha A. St.-Hil. = Sidastrum micranthum (A. St.-Hil.) Fryxell
de la República de Cuba (260).
Sida microtricha Gand. = Sida ciliaris L.
Sida retrofracta DC. = Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky
Sida minor Macfad. = Sida spinosa L.
Sida rhombifolia L., Sp. Pl. 684. 1753; Malva rhombifolia (L.) E.H.L.
Sida minutifolia Gand. = Sida ciliaris L. Krause in J.W. Strum, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 2, 6: 238. 1902.
Sida mollis Rich. = Sida jamaicensis L. ?Sida grata Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 631. 1924.
Sida kohautiana C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2 : 108. 1835.
Sida mollissima Cav. = Abutilon mollissimum (Cav.) Sweet Sida nudata Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 632. 1924.
Sida multiflora Jacq. = Sidastrum multiflorum (Jacq.) Fryxell ?Sida praelonga Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 632. 1924.
Sida rhombifolia L. var. retusa (L.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.I. 75. 1859.
Sida nervosa DC. = Sida glutinosa Comm. ex Cav.
Sida rhombifolia L. var. minor Duss, Ann. Inst. Bot.-Géol. Colon.
Sida nudata Gand. = Sida rhombifolia L. Marseille 3: 65. 1897.
Sida nummularia Baker f., J. Bot. 30: 290. 1892. Sida ruderata Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 81. 1837.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Sida troyana Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 419. 1908.
References: 18, 260. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
Sida obtusa A. Rich. = Sida ulmifolia Mill. Barbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Kitts, St.
Sida occidentalis L. = Gaya occidentalis (L.) Sweet Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, United
States, Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World.
Sida ononidifolia Gand. = Sida ciliaris L.
Common Names: Malva de puerco, Malva de cochino (Cuba), Escoba,
Sida ovata Cav. = Sida abutilifolia Mill. Malva (Dominican Republic), Balai, Malaguette (Haiti), Balai-
Sida paniculata L. = Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryxell dix-heures, Broomweed, Balié, Balai-dix-heures, Balai-onze-heures
(Lesser Antilles), Escoba dulce, Escoba colorada (Puerto Rico).
Sida paniculata L. var. compacta Baker f. = Sidastrum multiflorum References: 7, 16, 18, 45, 210, 260, 301, 323, 445, 601, 606, 609.
(Jacq.) Fryxell
Sida rhombifolia L. var. minor Duss = Sida rhombifolia L.
Sida pannosa Turcz. = Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. viscosa
Sida rhombifolia L. var. retusa (L.) Griseb. = Sida rhombifolia L.
Sida parens Gand. = Sida acuta Burm. f.
Sida rubra D. Dietr. = Sidastrum micranthum (A. St.-Hil.) Fryxell
Sida parviflora Sessé & Moc. = Sida glutinosa Comm. ex Cav.
Sida ruderata Macfad. = Sida rhombifolia L.
Sida periplocifolia L. = Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex
Thwaites Sida salviifolia C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2: 110. 1835 [as salviaefolia]; Sida
spinosa L. var. salviifolia (C. Presl) Baker f., J. Bot. 30: 237. 1892.
number 9 8 • 523
Sida erecta Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 80. 1837. var. antillana Millsp., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser., 2(1):
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands 71. 1900.
(St. Croix, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Montserrat, St. Sida balbisiana DC., Prodr. 1: 460. 1824; Sida carpinifolia L. f. var.
Barthélemy), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Mexico, Central America, balbisiana (DC.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser.,
and South America. 2(1): 71. 1900.
Common Name: Escoba parada (Puerto Rico). Sida brachypetala DC., Prodr. 1: 460. 1824; Sida berteriana Spreng.,
References: 1, 2, 7, 16, 18, 58, 131, 230, 285, 445, 609. Syst. Veg. 3: 110. 1826, nom. illeg., non DC., 1824.
Sida carpinifolia sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 24. 1866, non L. f., 1782.
Sida sericea Mill. = Sida jamaicensis L.
Sida carpinifolia L. f. var. brevicuspidata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 73.
Sida spicata (Kunth) Salzm. ex K. Schum. = Briquetia spicata (Kunth) 1859.
Fryxell Sida lanceolata A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc.
Sida spiciflora DC. = Briquetia spicata (Kunth) Fryxell 161. 1841 [“1845”], non Retz., 1786.
Sida obtusa A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 161.
Sida spinosa L., Sp. Pl. 683. 1753. 1841 [“1845”].
Sida alba L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 960. 1763. Sida stipulata Cav., Diss. 1: 22. 1785, non Chapm., 1860.
Sida angustifolia Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768, non Lam., 1783, nec Sida trivialis Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 78. 1837.
Medik., 1787. Distribution: Native to Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Sida angustifolia Lam., Encycl. 1: 4. 1783, non Mill., 1768, nec Medik., Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles
1787; Sida spinosa L. var. angustifolia (Lam.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Tobago, United States (FL),
W. I. 74. 1859. Mexico, Central America, and South America; now pantropical.
Sida minor Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1: 79. 1837. Common Names: Escoba dulce, Malva de caballo (Cuba), Escobita
Sida truncata L’Hér., Stirp. Nov. 107. 1789, non Cav., 1785; Sida dulce, Escoba dulce, Escobita, Escoba blanca (Dominican
emarginata Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 757. 1800. Republic), Petit lalou, Ti-lalo, Petit lalo, Guimauve à petites fleurs
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, (Haiti), Escoba dulce (Puerto Rico).
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. References: 3, 4, 7, 16, 18, 152, 156, 260, 279, 301, 606.
Thomas, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Note: Reported for Hispaniola by Liogier (7) as Sida stipularis.
Barbados, Barbuda, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Aruba, Bonaire, Sida ulmifolia sensu A. Stahl = Sida urens L.
Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Mexico, Central America, South Sida umbellata L. = Pseudabutilon umbellatum (L.) Fryxell
America, and Old World.
Sida urens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1145. 1759.
Common Names: False mallow (Bahamas), Malva caballo, Malva
?Sida cubensis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 633. 1924, non D.
de caballo (Cuba), Escoba, Escobilla (Dominican Republic), Fi
Dietr., 1847.
tec-tec, Fe teck teck (Haiti), Balai blanc, Balai-onze-heures, Balai
Sida dasytricha Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 633. 1924.
savane, White broomweed (Lesser Antilles), Escoba espinosa
?Sida domingensis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 633. 1924.
(Puerto Rico).
Sida ulmifolia sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 66. 1884, non
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 131, 285, 301, 323, 445,
Cav., 1785.
601, 609.
Sida spinosa L. var. angustifolia (Lam.) Griseb. = Sida spinosa L. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas,
Sida spinosa L. var. salviifolia (C. Presl) Baker f. = Sida salviifolia Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
C. Presl Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Sida stellata Cav. = Wissadula stellata (Cav.) K. Schum. Common Names: Stinging sida (Bahamas), Malva brava, Malva peluda
Sida stipulata Cav. = Sida ulmifolia Mill. (Cuba), Escoba (Dominican Republic), Balai (Haiti), Balai-zortie,
Balai z’ortie, Ortie-razier, Ortie long (Lesser Antilles).
Sida suberosa L’Hér. = Sida maculata Cav.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 16, 18, 61, 260, 278, 301, 445, 601.
Sida supina L’Hér. = Sida abutilifolia Mill.
Sida velutinifolia Gand. = Sida glutinosa Comm. ex Cav.
Sida supina sensu A. Stahl = Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Borss. Waalk.
Sida veronicifolia sensu authors = Sida hederifolia Cav.
Sida tridentata Cav. = Sida ciliaris L.
Sida veronicifolia Lam. var. hederifolia K. Schum. = Sida hederifolia Cav.
Sida triquetra L. = Abutilon trisulcatum (Jacq.) Urb.
Sida versatilis Gand. = Sida acuta Burm. f.
Sida tristis Schltdl. = Sida jamaicensis L.
Sida villosa Mill. = Melochia spicata (L.) Fryxell
Sida trisulcata Jacq. = Abutilon trisulcatum (Jacq.) Urb.
Sida viscosa L. = Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. viscosa
Sida trivialis Macfad. = Sida ulmifolia Mill.
Sida zelotes Gand. = Sida acuta Burm. f.
Sida troyana Urb. = Sida rhombifolia L.
Sidastrum acuminatum (DC.) Fryxell = Sidastrum multiflorum (Jacq.)
Sida truncata Cav. = Sida cordifolia L. Fryxell
Sida truncata L’Hér. = Sida spinosa L. Sidastrum micranthum (A. St.-Hil.) Fryxell, Brittonia 30: 452. 1978;
Sida ulmifolia Cav. = Sida glabra Mill. var. glabra Sida micrantha A. St.-Hil., Fl. Bras. Mérid. (quarto ed.) 1: 190.
1827 [23 Apr].
Sida ulmifolia Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Sida phlebococca Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 25. 1866.
Sida acuta sensu Alain, Fl. Cub. 3: 273. 1953, non Burm. f., 1768. Sida rubra D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 4: 848. 1847, non Ten., 1813.
Sida antillensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 418. 1908; Sida carpinifolia L. f. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; recorded for Puerto Rico by Missouri Bot.
var. hochreutineri Stehlé, Boissiera 7 : 37. 1943, non S. carpinifolia Gard. Tropicos.
References: 3, 151, 224, 260, 601. Sterculia tragacantha Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 16: t. 1353. 1830.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Central America (Honduras) and United
States (FL); native to Africa.
Sidastrum multiflorum (Jacq.) Fryxell, Brittonia 31: 298. 1979; Sida
Reference: 254 (J.G. Jack 8467).
multiflora Jacq., Observ. Bot. 2: 23. 1767.
Sida acuminata DC., Prodr. 1: 462. 1824; Sidastrum acuminatum (DC.) Sterculia urens Roxb., Pl. Coromandel. 1: 25. 1795.
Fryxell, Brittonia 30: 451. 1978. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Asia.
Sida acuminata DC. var. macrophylla Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 269. 1828. Reference: 254 (J.G. Jack 4336).
Sida candolleana Monteiro, Portugaliae Acta Biol., Sér. B, Sist. 12: 149. Talipariti elatum (Sw.) Fryxell = Hibiscus elatus Sw.
1974.
Sida paniculata L. var. compacta Baker f., J. Bot. 30: 295. 1892. Talipariti pernambucense (Arruda) Bovini = Hibiscus tiliaceus L. var.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin pernambucensis (Arruda) I.M. Johnst.
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell var. pernambucense (Arruda) Fryxell =
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. var. pernambucensis (Arruda) I.M. Johnst.
Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Martin), Margarita, Trinidad, and South
Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell var. tiliaceum = Hibiscus tiliaceus L. var.
America.
tiliaceus
Common Names: Velvety sida (Bahamas), Gancousin (Hispaniola).
References: 45, 240, 260, 301, 323, 445, 609. *Tetralix brachypetalus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 9. 1866.
Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryxell, Brittonia 30: 453. 1978; Sida
References: 3, 180.
paniculata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1145. 1759.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, United States, Mexico, Central *Tetralix cristalensis Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 600. 1974.
America, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Sphaeralcea abutiloides (L.) G. Don = Phymosia abutiloides (L.) Desv. *Tetralix jaucoensis Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 601. 1974.
ex Ham. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 180.
Sphaeralcea americana (L.) Metz = Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr.
*Tetralix moaensis Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 600. 1974.
Sterculia acuminata P. Beauv. = Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott & Endl.
Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) H. Karst., Fl. Columb. 2: 35. 1862, var. Reference: 180.
apetala; Helicteres apetala Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 30. 1760.
*Tetralix nipensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 233. 1924.
Sterculia carthagenensis Cav., Diss. 6: 353. 1788.
Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Martinique, Montserrat,
St. Kitts), Margarita, Tobago, and Trinidad. Theobroma bicolor Bonpl., Pl. Aequinoct. 1: 104. 1806 [“1808”].
Common Names: Esterculia, Camaruca, Carmaruca, Anacagüita Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica and Trinidad; probably native to South
(Cuba), Anacagüita, Anacahuita, Anacaguita (Dominican America.
Republic), Pistache des Indes (Haiti), Anacagüita, Anacagüitas Reference: 451.
(Puerto Rico), Panama tree (Virgin Islands). Theobroma cacao L., Sp. Pl. 782. 1753.
References: 3, 5, 7, 40, 58, 61, 131, 224, 301, 323, 438, 445, 601, 606. Cacao minus Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2(2): 190. 1791.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Cacao theobroma Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: 101. 1808.
Sterculia caribaea R. Br., Pterocymbium 228. 1844 [4 Jun]; Clompanus Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
caribaea (R. Br.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 78. 1891. Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, Tortola), and Lesser
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent). Martinique, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Vincent); native
Common Names: Bois caca, Bois-châtaignier grande feuille, Bois doux distribution uncertain, probably South America.
caca, Bois-grand feuilles, Bois mapou, Chataignier-grand feuilles, Common Names: Calabacillo, Cacao (Cuba), Cacao morado, Cacao
Grand mahot, Mahot cochin, Mahaut cochon, Mahaut doux, forastero, Cacao criollo, Cacao amarillo, Cacao (Dominican
Mapou-baril, Wild mahot (Lesser Antilles). Republic), Cacaoyer (Haiti), Cacaoyer, Cocoa (Lesser Antilles),
References: 1, 438. Cacao, Chocolate (Puerto Rico), Cacao, Cocoa tree, Coco bean,
Chocolate tree (Virgin Islands), Cacao,
Sterculia carthagenensis Cav. = Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) H. Karst.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 31, 58, 61, 123, 131, 224, 445, 451,
Sterculia cubensis Urb. = Hildegardia cubensis (Urb.) Kosterm. 601, 606.
Sterculia foetida L., Sp. Pl. 1008. 1753. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K. Schum. in C.F.P. von
(Dominica, Guadeloupe, Montserrat); native to India. Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3): 76. 1886 [“1886-1892”]; Bubroma
Common Names: Esterculia (Cuba), Anacagüita (Puerto Rico). grandiflorum Willd. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 332. 1826.
References: 58, 61, 131, 132, 224, 383, 438. Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique) and Trinidad; native
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. to South America.
Sterculia lanceolata Cav., Diss. 6: 287. 1788. Reference: 451.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Central America (Panama); native to Theobroma guazuma L. = Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.
Asia.
Theobroma tomentosa (Kunth) M. Gómez = Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.
Reference: 254 (J.G. Jack 8439).
Thespesia beata (Lewton) J.B. Hutch. = Thespesia beatensis (Urb.) Fryxell
Sterculia nitida Vent. = Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl.
number 9 8 • 525
Thespesia beatensis (Urb.) Fryxell, Bot. Gaz. 129: 301. 1968; Ulbrichia 18-19: 90. 1914; Belotia grewiifolia A. Rich. var. lessertiana
beatensis Urb., Dansk Bot. Ark. 4(7): 8. 1924. (Hochr.) Vict., Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 49: 69. 1944.
Armouria beata Lewton, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 23: 64. 1933; Thespesia Belotia caribaeum Sprague, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1921: 276. 1921;
beata (Lewton) J.B. Hutch., New Phytol. 46: 136. 1947. Trichospermum caribaea (Sprague) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 6: 278.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Beata Is.). 1962.
References: 7, 149, 152, 445. Trichospermum grewiifolium sensu authors, non (A. Rich.) Kosterm.,
1962, comb. illeg.
Thespesia cubensis (Britton & P. Wilson) J.B. Hutch., New Phytol. 46:
Distribution: Cuba, Mexico, and Central America; exotic in Lesser
135. 1947; Atkinsia cubensis (Britton & P. Wilson) R.A. Howard,
Antilles (St. Lucia).
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 76: 97. 1949; Maga cubensis Britton &
Common Names: Guacimilla, Guasimilla, Majagüilla blanca,
P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 81. 1920; Montezuma
Majagüilla macho (Cuba).
cubensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
References: 1, 3, 132, 149, 152, 180, 601.
18: 117. 1922.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Triumfetta abutiloides A. St.-Hil., Fl. Bras. Mérid. (quarto ed.) 1: 287.
Common Names: Majagua de Cuba, Magajua negra, Majagua negra de 1828 [“1827”][ 28 Jun].
Cuba, Majabua peluda, Majagüilla, Negra Cuba (Cuba). Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and South America.
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Note: According to Lay (446), this species is often confused with
Species. Triumfetta bogotensis.
Thespesia grandiflora DC., Prodr. 1: 456. 1824; Maga grandiflora Triumfetta acutiloba DC. = Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq.
(DC.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 281. 1912; Montezuma grandiflora Triumfetta althaeoides sensu Bello = Triumfetta lappula L.
(DC.) Urb. in I. Urban & B. Helwig, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Veg. 24: 238. 1928. Triumfetta althaeoides sensu M. Gómez = Triumfetta lappula L.
Montezuma speciosissima DC., Prodr. 1: 477. 1824. Triumfetta althaeoides sensu Griseb. = Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico; widely cultivated throughout the
Triumfetta althaeoides sensu A. Stahl = Triumfetta lappula L.
West Indies.
Common Names: Tulipán del Japón (Dominican Republic), Maga, Triumfetta angulata Lam. = Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.
Magar, Magas (Puerto Rico). Triumfetta bartramia L. = Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.
References: 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 238, 340, 606.
Triumfetta berteroi Spreng. ex Turcz. = Triumfetta lappula L.
Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.
9: 290. 1807; Hibiscus populneus L., Sp. Pl. 694. 1753; Bupariti Triumfetta bogotensis DC., Prodr. 1: 506. 1824.
populnea (L.) Rothm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 6. 1944; Triumfetta grossulariifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba,
Malvaviscus populneus (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2(2): 253. 1791. Pl. Vasc. 205. 1841 [“1845”] [as grossulariaefolia].
Hibiscus populifolius Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 383. 1796. Triumfetta hispida A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Vasc. 204. 1841 [“1845”].
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, Triumfetta vincentina Urb., Symb. Ant. 5: 414. 1908.
St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, (Grenada, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. South America.
Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Aruba, Common Names: Guizacillo, Guizazo, Guizazo bobo (Cuba), Cadillo de
Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central burro (Dominican Republic), Cousin gros negre, Gros negre (Haiti).
America, and South America; pantropical. Often also planted as References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 180, 224, 301, 601.
an ornamental shade tree. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Common Names: Cork-tree, Seaside mahoe, Spanish cork (Bahamas), Triumfetta excisa Urb. = Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.
Álamo, Higuilla, Majagua de Florida, Majagua de la Florida,
Triumfetta grandiflora Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 34. 1798.
Álamo, Majagüilla, Higuillo (Cuba), Duartiana, Alamo, Alamo
Triumfetta longiseta DC., Pl. Rar. Jard. Genève 64. 1829.
blanco (Dominican Republic), Feuilles d’Haïti, Grand mahaut,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Grand mahot, Gros mahaut, Mortel debout (Haiti), Seaside mahoe
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Vincent), Central America, and South
(Jamaica), Anodyne, Bendy-tree, Catalpa, Catappa, Calfata, Cork
America.
tree, Emajaguilla, Head-ache tree, John bull tree, Mahot bord-
Common Name: Grand cousin-bois (Lesser Antilles).
de-mer, Maho bód lanmè, Palo de jaqueca, Santa María, Seaside
References: 1, 3, 180, 224, 446, 448.
mahoe, Spanish cork (Lesser Antilles), Caraña, Clamor, Emajagüa,
Emajagüilla, Jaqueca, Majagüilla, Palo de jaqueca, Santa María
(Puerto Rico), Cork tree, Heiteheite (Virgin Islands). Triumfetta grossulariifolia A. Rich. = Triumfetta bogotensis DC.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 31, 45, 58, 123, 131, 132, 238, 224, 260, Triumfetta havanensis Kunth = Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq.
285, 301, 323, 340, 383, 445, 601, 606, 609.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Triumfetta hispida A. Rich. = Triumfetta bogotensis DC.
Trichospermum caribaeum (Sprague) Kosterm. = Trichospermum Triumfetta lappula L., Sp. Pl. 444. 1753.
lessertianum (Hochr.) Dorr Triumfetta althaeoides sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 243.
1881, non Lam., 1792.
Trichospermum grewiifolium sensu authors = Trichospermum Triumfetta althaeoides sensu M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19:
lessertianum (Hochr.) Dorr. 216. 1890 [as Altaeoides], non Lam., 1792.
Trichospermum lessertianum (Hochr.) Dorr, PhytoKeys 2: 19. 2011; Triumfetta althaeoides sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 113.
Belotia lessertiana Hochr., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 1884, non Lam., 1792.
Triumfetta berteroi Spreng. ex Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, United States (FL, GA),
Moscou 31(1): 227. 1858 [as Berterii]. Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Triumfetta heterophylla Lam., Encyc. 3(2): 420. 1792. Common Names: Burr bush (Bahamas), Guizazo malagueño, Guizazo
Triumfetta plumieri Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2(1): 137. 1790. de cochino, Malva, Guizazo de caballos, Pasa de negro, Guizazo
Triumfetta semitriloba sensu Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico (Cuba), Mota de negro, Cadillo de perro, Cadillo (Dominican
& Virgin Islands 5: 545. 1924, in part, non Jacq., 1760. Republic), Cousin gros nègre, Cousin (Haiti), Bur weed (Jamaica),
Triumfetta semitriloba sensu Millsp., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Mahot cousin, Mahot-cousin rouge, Petit mahot-cousin, Cousin-
Ser., 2(1): 69. 1900, non Jacq., 1760. petit, Blackbush, Tête à nègre, Nedyah (Lesser Antilles), Cadillo,
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Cadillo altea, Cadillo de perro (Puerto Rico).
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 31, 45, 58, 61, 180, 301, 340, 445,
Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Grenada, Grenadines, 446, 448, 601, 606.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Triumfetta semitriloba sensu Britton & P. Wilson, in part = Triumfetta
Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central althaeoides Lam.
Common Names: Guizazo de cochino (Cuba), Cadilla de perro, Cadillo Triumfetta semitriloba sensu Britton & P. Wilson, in part = Triumfetta
de burro (Dominican Republic), Grand cousin, Cousin gros nègre, semitriloba Jacq.
Cousin (Haiti), Cousin blanc, Hérisson blanc, Grand cousin, Triumfetta semitriloba sensu Millsp. = Triumfetta lappula L.
Mahot-cousin, Mahot, Tête à nègre (Lesser Antilles), Bur bark,
Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. f. havanensis (Kunth) K. Schum. =
Cadillo, Cadillo altea, Mabo, Maho (Puerto Rico).
Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 58, 180, 301, 323, 445, 448.
Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. var. havanensis (Kunth) Millsp. =
Triumfetta longiseta DC. = Triumfetta grandiflora Vahl
Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq.
Triumfetta ovata DC. = Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq.
Triumfetta sloanei Fawc. & Rendle = Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq.
Triumfetta plumieri Gaertn. = Triumfetta lappula L.
Typhalea fruticosa (Mill.) Britton = Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. &
Triumfetta rhombeifolia Sw. = Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Rendle
Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 22. 1760; Triumfetta Typhalea spinifex (L.) C. Presl = Pavonia spinifex (L.) Cav.
bartramia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1044. 1759, nom. illeg.
Ulbrichia beatensis Urb. = Thespesia beatensis (Urb.) Fryxell
Bartramia indica L., Sp. Pl. 389. 1753, non Triumfetta indica Lam., 1791.
Triumfetta angulata Lam., Encycl. 3: 421. 1792. Urena americana L. f. = Urena lobata L.
Triumfetta excisa Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 413. 1908. Urena capitata (L.) M. Gómez = Malachra capitata (L.) L.
Triumfetta rhombeifolia Sw., Prodr. 76. 1788 [as rhombeaefolia].
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Urena lobata L., Sp. Pl. 692. 1753.
Virgin Islands (St. Croix, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles Urena americana L. f., Suppl. Pl. 308. 1782 [“1781”]; Urena lobata
(Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, L. var. americana (L. f.) Gürke in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras.
St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Central 12(3): 471. 1892 [“1886-1892”].
America, and South America. Urena trilobata Vell., Fl. Flumin. Icon. 7: t. 44. 1831 [“1827”].
Common Names: Guizazo de cochino (Cuba), Cadillo, Cadillo de Urena viminea Cav., Diss. 6: 335. 1788.
burro, Cadillo de perro, Cadillo chiquito (Dominican Republic), Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Paroquet bur (Jamaica), Mahot-cousin (Lesser Antilles), Cadillo Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola,
(Puerto Rico). Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica,
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 31, 58, 123, 131, 132, 150, 152, 180, 224, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
301, 445, 446, 448, 601. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. America, and South America; pantropical.
Common Names: Bur mallow (Bahamas), Cousin, Carapiche, Guasasa,
Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 22. 1760. Guisaso, Guizazo, Guizazo, Malva blanca, Malva de Cuba, Malva
Triumfetta acutiloba DC., Pl. Rar. Jard. Genève 64. 1826. del país, Yute cubano, Yute de Cuba (Cuba), Escoba, Cadillo
Triumfetta althaeoides sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 96. 1859, non Lam., de perro, Cadillo (Dominican Republic), Cousin, Cousin rouge,
1792. Grand cousin (Haiti), Ballard bush, Bur mallow (Jamaica), Cousin
Triumfetta havanensis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. petit, Mahot cousin, Grand cousin, Cousin rouge, Cooze mahot,
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 345. 1823; Mahot (Lesser Antilles), Cadillo (Puerto Rico).
Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. f. havanensis (Kunth) K. Schum. in References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 31, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 224, 260, 301,
C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3): 185. 1886 [“1886-1892”]; 445, 601, 606, 609.
Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. var. havanensis (Kunth) Millsp., Publ. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser., 1: 507. 1902.
Triumfetta hirta Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 63. 1794; Heliocarpus hirtus Urena lobata L. subsp. sinuata (L.) Borss. Waalk. = Urena sinuata L.
(Vahl.) R.O. Williams & Sandwith, Fl. Trin. Tobago 1: 111. 1929. Urena lobata L. var. americana (L. f.) Gürke = Urena lobata L.
Triumfetta ovata DC., Prodr. 1: 507. 1824.
Urena lobata L. var. sinuata (L.) Miq. = Urena sinuata L.
Triumfetta sloanei Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 59: 225. 1921.
Triumfetta tiliifolia Vahl ex DC., Pl. Rar. Jard. Genève 65. 1826. Urena moenchii M. Gómez = Malachra capitata (L.) L.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Urena radiata (L.) M. Gómez = Malachra radiata (L.) L.
Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Urena sinuata L., Sp. Pl. 692. 1753; Urena lobata L. subsp. sinuata (L.)
Barbados, Dominica, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Borss. Waalk., Blumea 14: 142. 1966; Urena lobata L. var. sinuata
Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. (L.) Miq., Pl. Jungh. 283. 1855.
number 9 8 • 527
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Common Names: Sleepy morning (Bahamas), Malva, Malva blanca
Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, (Cuba), Malva blanca, Malva, Yerba blanca (Dominican
Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Republic), Malaguette, Balai blanc (Haiti), Raichie (Jamaica),
Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World. Buff coat, Mauve-gris, Marsh-mallow, Velvet leaf, Monkey
Common Names: Carapicho, Escoba, Guizazo, Malva blanca, Malva de bush, Boater bush, Leather coat, Guimauve (Lesser Antilles),
Cuba, Malva de país, Yute de Cuba, Yute cubano (Cuba), Piquant Malvabisco, Malvavisco, Basora prieta (Puerto Rico), Marsh-
cousin, Pikan kouzen, Materebe, Cousin petit, Petit mahot-cousin mallow (Virgin Islands).
(Lesser Antilles), Cadillo pata de perro (Puerto Rico). References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 131, 179, 285, 301, 323, 445,
References: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 149, 260, 301, 323, 601, 606.
340, 445, 601, 606, 609. Waltheria indica L. var. prostrata (K. Schum.) M. Gómez = Waltheria
Urena trilobata Vell. = Urena lobata L. indica L.
Urena typhalaea L. = Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle Waltheria microphylla Cav., Diss. 6: 317. 1788.
Waltheria intricata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1):
Urena urens (Poit. ex Ledeb.) M. Gómez = Malachra urens Poit. ex
214. 1858.
Ledeb.
Waltheria nipensis (Britton) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Urena viminea Cav. = Urena lobata L. Colegio “De La Salle” 12: 6. 1953; Melochia nipensis Britton,
Waltheria americana L. = Waltheria indica L. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 81. 1920.
Waltheria americana L. var. elliptica K. Schum. = Waltheria indica L. References: 3, 152, 179, 444.
Waltheria americana L. var. glaberrima Urb. ex Moscoso = Waltheria Waltheria nipensis (Britton) Alain = Waltheria microphylla Cav.
glabra Poir.
Waltheria ovalifolia Urb. = Waltheria glabra Poir.
Waltheria arenicola A. Rodr., Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 7:
30. 1986. Waltheria prostrata K. Schum. = Waltheria indica L.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Wercklea flavovirens Proctor in Fryxell, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 475. 1982
References: 179, 445. [“1981”].
Waltheria bahamensis Britton, Torreya 3: 105. 1903. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Distribution: Endemic to Bahamas; exotic in United States (FL). References: 149, 427
Reference: 45. Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species.
Waltheria calcicola Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 475. 1899.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Wercklea horrida (Urb.) Fryxell, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 473. 1982
and Puerto Rico. [“1981”]; Hibiscus horridus Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 280. 1912.
References: 2, 5, 7, 444, 445. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Common Names: Pita, Majagua (Dominican Republic).
Waltheria caroliniana Walter = Piriqueta cistoides (L.) Griseb. subsp. References: 7, 30, 149, 445.
caroliniana (Walter) Arbo (Passifloraceae)
Wercklea hottensis (Helwig ex Urb.) Fryxell, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 474.
Waltheria glabra Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 8: 325. 1808. 1982 [“1981”]; Hibiscus hottensis Helwig ex Urb., Ark. Bot.
Riedlea berteriana Balb. ex DC., Prodr. 1: 492. 1894 [as Riedleia]. 22A(8): 74. 1928.
Waltheria americana L. var. glaberrima Urb. ex Moscoso, Cat. Fl. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Domingensis 1: 373. 1943, nom. nud. Common Name: Bonnet carré (Haiti).
Waltheria laevis D. Wolf ex Schrank, Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac. 2(6): t. 55. References: 149, 445.
1820.
Waltheria ovalifolia Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 465. 1915. Wercklea tulipiflora (Hook.) Fryxell, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 476. 1982
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, and [“1981”]; Hibiscus tulipiflorus Hook. Icon. Pl. 4: tab. 707, 708.
Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique). 1845 [as tulipaeflorus]; Abelmoschus tulipiflorus (Hook.) Walp.,
Common Names: Balai noir, Bois-guimauve, Mahot-noir (Lesser Antilles). Repert. Bot. Syst. 5: 92. 1845.
References: 1, 7, 444, 445. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia).
Waltheria indica L., Sp. Pl. 673. 1753. Common Names: Gambo marron, Gambo montagne, Gombo des
Waltheria americana L., Sp. Pl. 673. 1753. grands bois, Gombo grand bois, Gombo grands bois (Lesser
Waltheria americana L. var. elliptica K. Schum. in C.F.P. von Martius, Antilles).
Fl. Bras. 12(3): 65. 1886 [“1886-1892”]. References: 1, 609.
Waltheria indica L. var. prostrata (K. Schum.) M. Gómez, Dicc. Bot.
Nombres Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riq. 71. 1889 [as prostata]; Waltheria Wissadula amplissima (L.) R.E. Fr., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad.
prostrata K. Schum. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3): 556. Handl. 43(4): 48. 1908; Sida amplissima L., Sp. Pl. 685. 1753.
1886 [“1886-1892”]. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Islands (St. Croix, St. John, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St. Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Central America, and South
John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, America.
Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Common Names: Dupuy (Haiti), Pichana (Lesser Antilles), Pichona
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. (Puerto Rico).
Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 58, 61, 123, 131, 284, 445.
Curaçao, Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, North America (United Wissadula amplissima sensu León & Alain = Wissadula hernandioides
States), Mexico, Central America, and South America; pantropical. (L’Hér.) Garcke
Wissadula contracta (Link) R.E. Fr., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites f. microphylla R.E.
Handl. 43(4): 60. 1908; Sida contracta Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Fr., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 43(4): 35. 1908.
Alt. 2: 204. 1822. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Abutilon periplocifolium (L.) Sweet var. albicans Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John), Lesser Antilles (Grenada,
77. 1859. Grenadines), Margarita, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and
Sida luciana DC., Prodr. 1: 468. 1824; Abutilon lucianum (DC.) Sweet, South America.
Hort. Brit. 53. 1826; Wissadula luciana (DC.) Triana & Planch., Common Names: Escoba (Cuba), Escoba (Dominican Republic),
Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 17: 188. 1862; Wissadula periplocifolia Pichana (Puerto Rico).
(L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites var. luciana (DC.) Hochr., Annuaire References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 16, 260, 301, 323, 606.
Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 29. 1902. Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites f. microphylla R.E.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Fr. = Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites
St. Lucia), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 445. Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites var. antillarum R.E.
Fr. = Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites
Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2: 118. 1835; Sida
excelsior Cav., Diss. 27. 1785; Abutilon excelsior (Cav.) G. Don, Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites var. hernandioides
Gen. Hist. 1: 500. 1831. (L’Hér.) Griseb. = Wissadula hernandioides (L’Hér.) Garcke
Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites var. wrightiana Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites var. luciana (DC.)
Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 26. 1866; Wissadula rostrata (Schumach. & Hochr. = Wissadula contracta (Link) R.E. Fr.
Thonn.) Hook. f. var. wrightiana (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Dict. Bot.
Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites var. wrightiana
Nombres Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riq. 89. 1889; Wissadula zeylanica
Griseb. = Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) C. Presl
Medik. var. wrightiana (Griseb.) Baker f., J. Bot. 31: 70. 1893.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South Wissadula rostrata (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hook. f. var. caribaea (DC.)
America. M. Gómez = Wissadula hernandioides (L’Hér.) Garcke
References: 3, 260, 601. Wissadula rostrata (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hook. f. var. hernandioides
Wissadula fadyenii Planch. ex R.E. Fr., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. (L’Hér.) M. Gómez = Wissadula hernandioides (L’Hér.) Garcke
Handl. 43(4): 30. 1908. Wissadula rostrata (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hook. f. var. wrightiana
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, and (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) C. Presl
South America.
References: 2, 4, 9, 30, 260, 301. Wissadula spicata (Kunth) C. Presl = Briquetia spicata (Kunth) Fryxell
Wissadula hernandioides (L’Hér.) Garcke, Z. Naturwiss. 63(2, 3): 122. Wissadula stellata (Cav.) K. Schum. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3):
1890; Sida hernandioides L’Hér., Stirp. Nov. 121. 1789; Abutilon 444. 1891 [“1886-1892”]; Sida stellata Cav., Diss. 1: 27. 1785.
hernandioides (L’Hér.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 53. 1826; Wissadula Distribution: Native to Hispaniola.
periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites var. hernandioides (L’Hér.) References: 5, 7, 445.
Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 25. 1866; Wissadula rostrata (Schumach. & Wissadula zeylanica Medik. = Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex
Thonn.) Hook. f. var. hernandioides (L’Hér.) M. Gómez, Dict. Bot. Thwaites
Nombres Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riq. 89. 1889.
Wissadula zeylanica Medik. var. wrightiana (Griseb.) Baker f. =
Wissadula amplissima sensu León & Alain, Fl. Cuba 3: 262. 1953, non
Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) C. Presl
(L.) R.E. Fr., 1908.
Sida periplocifolia L. var. caribaea DC., Prodr. 1: 468. 1824; Abutilon DOUBTFUL NAMES & EXCLUDED SPECIES
periplocifolium (L.) Sweet var. caribaeum (DC.) G. Don, Gen.
Corchorus bifurcatus Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768 [as bifurcatis].
Hist. 1: 500. 1831; Wissadula rostrata (Schumach. & Thonn.)
Note: The identity of this name has not been resolved and awaits
Hook. f. var. caribaea (DC.) M. Gómez, Dicc. Bot. Nombres Vulg.
examination of type material [Jamaica, Dr. Wm. Houstoun].
Cub. Puerto-Riq. 89. 1889.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Grewia cubensis Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1):
Islands (St. John), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), United States 232. 1858.
(TX), Mexico, and South America. Note: According to Liogier (613), this name is a synonym of the
Common Name: Pichana (Lesser Antilles). African Grewia bicolor Juss. and the type locality was mistakenly
References: 3, 5, 15, 254, 260, 445, 609. thought to be Cuba.
Wissadula luciana (DC.) Triana & Planch. = Wissadula contracta (Link) Hibiscus bahamensis Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768, non Britton,
R.E. Fr. 1906.
Distribution: Bahamas, but type locality not explicitly stated in the
Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl.
protologue.
27. 1858; Sida periplocifolia L., Sp. Pl. 684. 1753; Wissadula
zeylanica Medik., Malvenfam. 25. 1787, nom. illeg.; Abutilon
Note: The application of this name is unresolved; see T.H. Kearney,
periplocifolium (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 53. 1826; Abutilon
Leafl. W. Bot. 7(5): 121. 1954, Ibid., 7(11): 281. 1955.
periplocifolium (L.) A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba,
Pl. Vasc. 151. 1841 [“1845”], comb. superfl. Hibiscus physaloides Guill. & Perr. var. genuinus Hochr., Annuaire
Sida integrifolia Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, 156. 1894, non Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 162. 1900.
Montr. 1860. Note: Nomenclaturally this name is synonymous with Hibiscus
Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites var. antillarum R.E. physaloides Guill. & Perr., which is known from Africa and
Fr., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 43(4): 32. 1908. Madagascar. Hochreutiner, however, cited a Poiteau specimen
Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites f. macrophylla R.E. from St. Domingue (i.e. Dominican Republic) and without
Fr., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 43(4): 35. 1908. reexamining this specimen its identity cannot be determined.
number 9 8 • 529
Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov., Bonplandia (Corrientes) 3: 59. Maranta casupo Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 51. 1806.
1970; Malva leprosa Ortega, Nov. Rar. Pl. Descr. Dec. 95. Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
1798; Sida leprosa (Ortega) K. Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Margarita, Mexico, Central
Pflanzenfam. 3(6): 43. 1890. America, and South America.
References: 350, 601. Common Names: Cachibou (Lesser Antilles), Hoja de sal, Pámpano
Note: Although the protologue states “habitat in Insula Cuba,” this (Puerto Rico).
species does not occur in the Caribbean. The type was grown in References: 1, 2, 28, 30, 131, 147, 323.
Madrid from seed, the provenance of which evidently was confused. Calathea martinicensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 103. 1917.
Pavonia pseudotyphalaea Planch. & Linden ex Triana & Planch., Ann. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique).
Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 17: 160. 1862. References: 1, 147.
Note: Reported from Jamaica by Adams (2), but restricted to South Calathea zebrina (Sims) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 14: t. 1210. 1829.
America by Fryxell (93). Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Sida purpurea Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 239. 1881= (Guadeloupe), and Margarita; native to Brazil.
Kosteletzkya sp.? Common Names: Pentagrama (Dominican Republic), Zebra, Galatea
References: 61, 606. (Puerto Rico).
Note: Known only from the type description from Puerto Rico. Baker References: 1, 28, 123, 131, 147, 323.
f. (J. Bot. 30: 330. 1892) speculated that the name applies to a Curcuma americana Lam. = Calathea allouia (Aubl.) Lindl.
species of Kosteletzkya.
Maranta allouia Aubl. = Calathea allouia (Aubl.) Lindl.
Triumfetta x brachypetala Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 80. 1930,
nom. illeg., non Turcz., 1858. Maranta arundinacea L., Sp. Pl. 2. 1753.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Maranta indica Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: 183. 1808.
References: 7, 149, 445, 448 Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Note: This taxon is stated to be a hybrid between T. lappula L. and Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada,
T. semitriloba Jacq. If recognized, it requires a new name as the Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St.
nothospecies name is a latter homonym. Liogier (445) miscited the Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), and Margarita; native
nothospecies epithet as “brachysepala.” to Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Raíz americana, Sagú, Sagú cimarrón, Tulola,
Urena innominata M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 220. Yuquilla (Cuba), Alimento, Ararú, Arrarú, Corn-starch pays,
1890, nom. nud. = Malachra sp.? Sagú, Yuquilla, Zolupa (Dominican Republic), Arrorou, Arrow-
Note: The identity of this nomen nudem is uncertain. M. Gómez (1890) root, Sagou (Haiti), Arrowroot (Jamaica), Ararut, Arrowroot,
cited species number 197 in Sauvalle’s Flora Cubana (350), which L’envers blanc, L’envers caraibe (Lesser Antilles), Amaranta,
is an unidentified species of Malachra. Arrowroot, Maranta, Pitisilén, Yuquilla (Puerto Rico).
Urena texana M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 220. 1890, References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 323, 340.
nom. nud. = Malachra sp.? Maranta casupo Jacq. = Calathea lutea (Aubl.) G. Mey.
Distribution: Hispaniola.
Note: The identity of this name is uncertain. M. Gómez (1890) cited Maranta gibba Sm. in A. Rees, Cycl. 22: n. 2. 1812.
Malachra texana A. Gray, nom. nud., which has not been traced Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Antigua); native to Trinidad,
(but see Howard, R.A. 1961. J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 115-143). Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 1, 147.
Maranta indica Tussac = Maranta arundinacea L.
Marantaceae
Maranta lutea Aubl. = Calathea lutea (Aubl.) G. Mey.
Genera. Total: 4; native: 2; endemic: 0. Maranta ruiziana Köern., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 35(1):
Taxa. Total: 10; native: 3; endemic: 1. 45. 1862.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique); native
Calathea allouia (Aubl.) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 14: t. 1210. 1829; Maranta to South America.
allouia Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 3. 1775. References: 1, 147.
Curcuma americana Lam., Encycl. 2: 228. 1786.
Myrosma cannifolia L. f., Suppl. Pl. 80. 1782 [“1781”].
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Thomas);
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
native to Trinidad and South America.
Vincent); native to Trinidad and South America.
Common Names: Lairén, Leirén, Lerén, Lirén, Llerén, Llerenes, Yerén
(Cuba), Alleluia, Lerén, Lerenes, Llerén, Llerenes, Pomme de terre Thalia angustifolia C. Wright ex Griseb. = Thalia geniculata L.
(Dominican Republic), Topi, Topinambour (Haiti), Topitambou Thalia geniculata L., Sp. Pl. 1193. 1753.
(Lesser Antilles), Lerenes, Llerenes, Sweet-corn root (Puerto Rico). Thalia angustifolia C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 256. 1866.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 37, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 340. Thalia trichocalyx Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 180. 1904.
Calathea crotalifera S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 86. 1889. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, United
Distribution: Naturalized in Puerto Rico; native to Central America and States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
South America. Common Names: Platanillo de río (Cuba), Glade, Platanillo, Zolupa
References: 28, 252. (Dominican Republic), Gergeau, Glaieul (Haiti).
References: 2, 3, 5, 28, 30, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 150, 340.
Calathea lutea (Aubl.) G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 10. 1818; Maranta
lutea Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 4. 1775. Thalia trichocalyx Gagnep. = Thalia geniculata L.
Marcgraviaceae Marcgravia spiciflora Juss. = Schwartzia spiciflora (Juss.) Bedell

Marcgravia trinitatis C. Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 122. 1844.
Genera. Total: 4; native: 3; endemic: 0. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Lesser Antilles
Taxa. Total: 15; native: 14; endemic: 13. (Dominica, St. Lucia) and Trinidad.
Reference: 1.
Marcgravia brachysepala Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 17. 1909.
Marcgravia umbellata sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 110. 1859, non L. Marcgravia umbellata L., Sp. Pl. 503. 1753.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada,
References: 2, 30. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Reference: 1.
Marcgravia brittoniana Alain = Marcgravia rectiflora Triana & Planch.
Marcgravia umbellata sensu Griseb. = Marcgravia brachysepala Urb.
Marcgravia brownei (Triana & Planch.) Krug & Urb. in I. Urban,
Symb. Antill. 1: 367. 1899; Marcgravia rectiflora Triana & Marcgravia umbellata sensu A. Rich. = Marcgravia rectiflora Triana &
Planch. var. brownei Triana & Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, Planch.
17: 365. 1862. Norantea guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 554. 1775.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Montserrat); native to Trinidad
Marcgravia calcicola Britton = Marcgravia evenia Krug & Urb. subsp. Reference: 1.
calcicola (Britton) S. Dressler Ruyschia clusiifolia Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 17. 1760.
Marcgravia domingensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 522. 1913. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Lesser Antilles
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique) and Trinidad.
Common Name: Bejuco de palma (Dominican Republic). Common Names: Aralie petite-feuille, Bois-josé, Souroube (Lesser
References: 5, 7, 30, 123. Antilles).
Reference: 1.
Marcgravia evenia Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 518. 1896,
subsp. evenia Schwartzia spiciflora (Juss.) Bedell in R.A. Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 5: 309. 1989; Marcgravia spiciflora Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist.
References: 3, 184. Nat. 14: 25. 1809.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, St.
Marcgravia evenia Krug & Urb. subsp. calcicola (Britton) S. Dressler, Vincent) and South America.
Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A, 5(4): 7. 2000; Marcgravia calcicola Britton, Common Name: Yabrico marrou (Lesser Antilles).
Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 82. 1920. References: 1, 30, 151, 152.
Marcgravia lineolata Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 517. 1896. Martyniaceae
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia).
Reference: 1. Genera. Total: 2; native: 2; endemic: 0.
Marcgravia oligandra C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 39. 1866.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola. Craniolaria annua L., Sp. Pl. 618. 1753.
References: 3, 5, 7, 184. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Margarita, and
Marcgravia rectiflora Triana & Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 17: South America.
364. 1862; Marcgravia brittoniana Alain, Moscosoa 8: 46. 1994. Common Names: Escorzonera (Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico).
Marcgravia rectiflora Triana & Planch. var. jacquinii Triana & Planch., References: 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 224, 323, 340.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 17: 366. 1862. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
Marcgravia umbellata sensu A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Craniolaria fruticosa L. = Gesneria fruticosa (L.) Kuntze (Gesneriaceae)
Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 250. 1845, non L.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Martynia annua L., Sp. Pl. 618. 1753.
Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (Tortola). Martynia diandra Gloxin, Observ. Bot. 14. 1785.
Common Names: Bejuco codicia, Bejuco palmar (Cuba), Bejuco de Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin
paloma, Bejuco de lira, Pegapalma (Puerto Rico). Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 156, 184, 231, 340. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Aruba, Curaçao,
Marcgravia rectiflora Triana & Planch. var. brownei Triana & Planch. Common Names: Alacrancillo, Araña gato, Cabeza de aura, Cinco
= Marcgravia brownei (Triana & Planch.) Krug & Urb. llagas, Martinia, Pico de aura, Pico de pájaro (Cuba), Arito de
Marcgravia rectiflora Triana & Planch. var. jacquinii Triana & Planch. chivo, Cornucopio, Hortensia, Hortensis, Pico de gallo, Uña
= Marcgravia rectiflora Triana & Planch. de gato (Dominican Republic), Tête de mort (Lesser Antilles),
Escorzonera, Uña de gato (Puerto Rico).
Marcgravia rubra Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 135. 1971.
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 224, 231, 340.
Reference: 7.
Martynia diandra Gloxin = Martynia annua L.
Marcgravia sintenisii Urb., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 245. 1886.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Martynia fruticosa (L.) Gloxin = Gesneria fruticosa (L.) Kuntze
Common Names: Bejuco de lira, Bejuco de rana, Lira del Yunque (Gesneriaceae)
(Puerto Rico). Martynia perennis L. = Gloxinia perennis (L.) Fritsch (Gesneriaceae)
number 9 8 • 531
Mayacaceae Acisanthera recurva Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 269. 1860.

Uranthera dicranophora Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 12: 283. 1849.
Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0. Uranthera dicranophora Naudin var. trichotoma Naudin, Ann. Sci.
Taxa. Total: 2; native: 2; endemic: 1. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 12: 283. 1849.
Acisanthera adscendens C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 6:
Mayaca aubletii Michx. = Mayaca fluviatilis Aubl. 74. 1869; Tibouchina adscendens (C. Wright) M. Gómez, Anales
Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 67. 1894.
Mayaca fluviatilis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 42. 1775.
Mayaca aubletii Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 26. 1803.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, North America, Mexico,
Common Name: Camasey de charco (Puerto Rico).
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 36, 58, 61, 75, 131, 151, 152, 301.
References: 2, 3, 39, 147, 185.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Acisanthera recurva Griseb. = Acisanthera quadrata Pers.
Cuba (39). Adelobotrys adscendens (Sw.) Triana, J. Bot. 5: 210. 1867; Melastoma
Mayaca wrightii Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 224. 1866. adscendens Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 772. 1797; Davya adscendens
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 265. 1860.
References: 3, 147. Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and South
America.
Melastomataceae Arthrostemma ciliatum Pav. ex D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4:
by F. A. Michelangeli & E. R. Bécquer-Granados 299. 1823.
Arthrostemma fragile Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. London 3: 74. 1848.
Genera. Total: 28; native: 24; endemic: 3; nearly endemic: 2. Tibouchina heteronoma M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 67.
Taxa. Total: 439; native: 429; endemic: 373. 1894. Heteronoma cubense Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3,
14: 152. 1850.
Acinodendron ancistrophorum (C. Wright) Kuntze = Miconia
ancistrophora (C. Wright) Triana
South America; exotic and spreading in Puerto Rico.
Acinodendron cubense (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze = Miconia References: 2, 3, 58, 254.
cubensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright Note: Not recently collected in Cuba
Acinodendron domingense (Cogn.) Kuntze = Miconia domingensis Cogn. Arthrostemma cubense A. Rich. = Tibouchina cubensis (A. Rich.)
Acinodendron obtusum (Griseb.) Kuntze = Miconia obtusa (Griseb.) M. Gómez
Triana Arthrostemma fragile Lindl. = Arthrostemma ciliatum Pav. ex D. Don
Acinodendron sintenisii (Cogn.) Kuntze = Miconia sintenisii Cogn. Arthrostemma lanceolatum (DC.) Griseb. = Tibouchina longifolia
Acinodendron tetrandrum (Sw.) Kuntze = Miconia tetrandra (Sw.) (Vahl) Baill.
D. Don ex G. Don Aulacocarpus quadrangularis Griseb. = Mouriri domingensis (Tussac)
Acinodendron wrightii (Griseb.) Kuntze = Pachyanthus wrightii Griseb. Spach
Aciotis acuminifolia (Mart. ex DC.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London Blakea pulverulenta Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 61. 1794.
28: 51. 1871; Spennera acuminifolia Mart. ex DC., Prodr. 3: 116. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Lesser Antilles
1828. (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St.
Aciotis aequatorialis Cogn. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 14(3): 464. Vincent) and Tobago.
1885. Common Names: Aralie rose, Goyavier rose (Lesser Antilles).
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Martinique, St. Lucia) Reference: 1.
and South America. Blakea reticulata Cogn. = Meriania involucrata (Desr.) Naudin
Reference: 162.
Blakea trinervia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 635. 1762.
Aciotis aequatorialis Cogn. = Aciotis acuminifolia (Mart. ex DC.) Triana Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Acisanthera acisanthera (L.) Britton = Acisanthera quadrata Pers. Common Names: Cup and saucer, Jamaican rose (Jamaica).
Reference: 2.
Acisanthera adscendens C. Wright = Acisanthera quadrata Pers.
Blakea urbaniana Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 6: 27. 1909.
Acisanthera glandulifera Jenn. = Acisanthera quadrata Pers. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Acisanthera limnobios (DC.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 33. References: 2, 30.
1871; Microlicia limnobios DC., Prodr. 3: 117. 1828. *Calycogonium acunanum Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
Acisanthera pellucida C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 104. 1866. Hung. 21: 228. 1976 [“1975”].
Distribution: Native to Cuba and Central America. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Acisanthera pellucida C. Wright ex Griseb = Acisanthera limnobios Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
(DC.) Triana Cuba (39).
Acisanthera quadrata Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 477. 1805. *Calycogonium angulatum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 93. 1866. Miconia
Acisanthera acisanthera (L.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. angulata (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 68.
Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 2. 1925; Rhexia acisanthera 1894.
L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 998. 1759. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Acisanthera glandulifera Jenn., Ann. Carnegie Mus. 11: 206. 1917. Reference: 3.
*Calycogonium apiculatum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 51. Calycogonium wrightianum Griseb., Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts ; n.s., 8:
1929. 184. 1861.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica.
*Calycogonium apleurum (Urb. & Ekman) Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida Calycogonium glabratum var. latifolium Cogn. = Calycogonium
State Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 60. 1991; Mommsenia apleura Urb. & glabratum (Sw.) DC.,
Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 32. 1926. Calycogonium glabratum var. microphyllum (C. Wright) Triana =
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Calycogonium microphyllum C. Wright
References: 5, 7.
*Calycogonium grisebachii Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 97.
Calycogonium biflorum Cogn. = Tetrazygia biflora (Cogn.) Urb. 1871; Calycogonium stellatum Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 183. 1860.
*Calycogonium brevifolium Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 29. 1926. Calycogonium grisebachii Triana var. cristalense (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 29: 188. 1983; Calycogonium cristalense
References: 5, 7. Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 229. 1926.
*Calycogonium calycopteris (Rich.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
References: 3, 149.
Veg. 15: 13. 1917; Melastoma calycopteris Rich. in F.W.H.A. von
Humboldt & A.J.A. Bonpland, Monogr. Melast. 1: 97. 1815. Calycogonium grisebachii Triana var. cristalense (Urb.) Borhidi =
Calycogonium stellatum DC., Prodr. 3: 168. 1828. Calycogonium grisebachii Triana
Calycogonium cubense Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 93. 1866, nom. illeg., non *Calycogonium heterophyllum Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16:
A. Rich. 85. 1851; Miconia heterophylla (Naudin) M. Gómez, Anales Soc.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Esp. Hist. Nat., Ser. 2, 3(23): 68. 1894.
Hispaniola. Calycogonium productum C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 6:
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 152. 71. 1869; Miconia producta (C. Wright) M. Gómez, Anales Acad.
*Calycogonium clidemioides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 94. 1866. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 69. 1894.
Reference: 3. Common Name: Cordobancillo (Cuba).
References: 3, 132.
*Calycogonium cocoense Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
“De La Salle” 14: 5. 1955. Calycogonium heterophyllum Naudin subsp. maculatum (Urb. &
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ekman) Borhidi = Calycogonium maculatum Urb. & Ekman
Reference: 3. Calycogonium heterotrichum (Griseb.) Triana = Ossaea heterotricha
Calycogonium cristalense Urb. = Calycogonium grisebachii Triana (Griseb.) C. Wright
Calycogonium cubense A. Rich. = Pachyanthus poiretii Griseb. *Calycogonium hispidulum Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Calycogonium cubense Griseb. = Calycogonium calycopteris (Rich.) Urb.
*Calycogonium domatiatum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 28. 1926. References: 5, 7.
Calycogonium hypoglaucum C. Wright ex Griseb. = Ossaea hypoglauca
References: 5, 7.
(C. Wright ex Griseb.) M. Gómez
Calycogonium echinatum Griseb. = Ossaea pauciflora (Naudin) Urb.
*Calycogonium impressum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 25. 1931.
var. pauciflora
*Calycogonium ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 52. 1929. Reference: 7.
Calycogonium involucratum Griseb. = Ossaea involucrata (Griseb.) Triana
References: 5, 7.
Calycogonium krugii Cogn. = Ossaea krugii (Cogn.) Michelangeli &
*Calycogonium ellipticum C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana
Bécquer
6: 72. 1869; Miconia elliptica (C. Wright) M. Gómez, Anales Soc.
Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 68. 1894. *Calycogonium lanceolatum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 93. 1866; Miconia
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. secundo-lanceolata M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 23:
References: 3, 39. 69. 1894, [as a new name], non Miconia lanceolata (Desr.) DC.
*Calycogonium floribundum Borhidi, Abstr. Bot. (Budapest) 5: 25. 1977. Calycogonium lima (Desr.) Griseb. = Ossaea lima (Desr.) Triana
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. *Calycogonium lindenianum Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16:
Reference: 149. 184. 1851; Miconia lindeniana (Naudin) M. Gómez, Anales Soc.
*Calycogonium formonense Judd, Skean & Clase, Brittonia 60: 266. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 68. 1894
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola Reference: 3.
Reference: 149. *Calycogonium lomense (Urb.) Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida State Mus.,
*Calycogonium glabratum (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 168. 1828; Melastoma Biol. Sci. 36: 60. 1991; Ossaea lomensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov.
glabratum Sw., Prodr. 71. 1788. Regni Veg. 13: 467. 1915.
Calycogonium glabratum var. latifolium Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
& A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 941. 1891. Reference: 7.
number 9 8 • 533
*Calycogonium maculatum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 44. 1927; *Calycogonium rhomboideum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 42.
Calycogonium heterophyllum Naudin subsp. maculatum (Urb. & 1927.
Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 29: 188. 1983. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 5, 7, 149. *Calycogonium rosmarinifolium Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 93. 1866,
*Calycogonium microphyllum C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. subsp. rosmarinifolium; Miconia rosmarinifolia (Griseb.) M.
Habana 6: 72. 1869; Calycogonium glabratum var. microphyllum Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 68. 1894.
(C. Wright) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 96. 1871; Calycogonium rosmarinifolium Griseb. var. mayarensis Kitan. God.
Miconia microphylla (C. Wright) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Sofiisk. Univ. Biol. Fak., 2 Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast.
Hist. Nat. 23: 69. 1894. 64(2): 4. 1972 [“1969-1970”], nom. illeg.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of *Calycogonium rosmarinifolium Griseb. subsp. brachyphyllum Borhidi
Cuba (39). & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 19. 1972 [“1971”].
*Calycogonium moanum (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Calycogonium rosmarinifolium Griseb. var. parvifolium Kitan. God.
Bot. Közlem. 62: 26. 1975; Calycogonium rosmarinifolium Sofiisk. Univ. Biol. Fak., 2 Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast.
Griseb. subsp. moanum Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. 64(2): 4. 1972 [“1969-1970”], nom. illeg.
Hung. 17: 18. 1972 [“1971”]. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 149. Calycogonium rosmarinifolium Griseb. subsp. mayarensis Kitan. =
Calycogonium muricatum Griseb. = Ossaea muricata (Griseb.) C. Calycogonium rosmarinifolium Griseb. subsp. rosmarinifolium
Wright Calycogonium rosmarinifolium Griseb. subsp. moanum Borhidi &
Calycogonium obliquum (Griseb.) Cogn. = Miconia obtusa (Griseb.) O. Muñiz = Calycogonium moanum (Borhidi & O. Muñiz)
Triana Borhidi & O. Muñiz
Calycogonium rosmarinifolium Griseb. subsp. parvifolium Kitan. =
Calycogonium pauciflorum (Naudin) C. Wright = Ossaea pauciflora
Calycogonium rosmarinifolium Griseb. subsp. brachyphyllum
(Naudin) Urb. var. pauciflora
Borhidi & O. Muñiz
Calycogonium pauciflorum (Naudin) Triana = Ossaea pauciflora
*Calycogonium rubens Borhidi, Abstr. Bot. (Budapest) 5: 24. 1977.
(Naudin) Urb. var. pauciflora
*Calycogonium perezii Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio References: 39, 149.
“De La Salle” 14: 6. 1955. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Reference: 3.
*Calycogonium saxicola Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
Clidemia penninervis Griseb. = Sagraea penninervis (Griseb.) Triana 16: 91. 1920.
*Calycogonium plicatum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 94. 1866. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cuba (39). Calycogonium squamulosum Cogn. = Henriettea squamulosa (Cogn.)
Calycogonium productum C. Wright = Calycogonium heterophyllum Judd
Naudin Calycogonium squamulosum Cogn. var. grandifolium Cogn. =
*Calycogonium ramosissimum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 43. Henriettea squamulosa (Cogn.) Judd
1927. Calycogonium squamulosum Cogn. f. grandifolium Cogn. = Henriettea
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). squamulosa (Cogn.) Judd
References: 5, 7.
Calycogonium squamulosum Cogn. f. parvifolium Cogn. = Henriettea
*Calycogonium reticulatum (Cogn.) Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida State squamulosa (Cogn.) Judd
Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 60. 1991; Henriettella reticulata Cogn. in
Calycogonium squamulosum Cogn. var. amplifolium Cogn. =
I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 315. 1912; Ossaea reticulata (Cogn.)
Henriettea squamulosa (Cogn.) Judd
Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 27. 1931.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Calycogonium stellatum DC. = Calycogonium calycopteris (Rich.) Urb.
References: 7, 30. Calycogonium stellatum Griseb. = Calycogonium grisebachii Triana
*Calycogonium revolutum Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio *Calycogonium susannae Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 18.
“De La Salle” 14: 7. 1955. 1972 [“1971”].
*Calycogonium rhamnoideum Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
85. 1851. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, *Calycogonium tetragonolobum (Cogn.) Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida
and Jamaica. State Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 60. 1991; Clidemia tetragonoloba Cogn.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 315. 1912.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Charianthus coriaceus DC. ex Duss = Charianthus alpinus (Sw.) R.A.
References: 5, 7, 30. Howard
*Calycogonium torbecianum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 51. *Charianthus corymbosus (Rich.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle &
1929. A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 714. 1891; Melastoma
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). corymbosum Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 109. 1792;
References: 5, 7. Miconia corymbosa (Rich.) Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida State
Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 61. 1991.
*Calycogonium turbinatum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 29.
Chaenanthera mucronata Rich. ex DC., Prodr. 3: 197. 1828.
1926.
Charianthus glaberrimus DC., Prodr. 3: 196. 1828.
Melastoma martinicense Presl., Isis (Oken) 21: 272. 1828.
References: 5, 7.
Charianthus longifolius Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Calycogonium verrucosum Griseb. = Ossaea verrucosa (Griseb.) Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 715. 1891; Charianthus corymbosus
M. Gómez var. longifolius (Cogn.) Hodge, Contr. Gray Herb. 135: 125. 1941.
Calycogonium wrightianum Griseb. = Calycogonium glabratum Charianthus corymbosus (Rich.) Cogn. var. latifolius Hodge, Contr.
(Sw.) DC. Gray Herb. 135: 125. 1941.
Catachaenia alternifolia Griseb. = Miconia alternifolia (Griseb.) Alain Martinique); doubtful to Trinidad.
Catachaenia parviflora Griseb. = Miconia alternifolia (Griseb.) Alain Common Names: Cré-cré noir, Cré-cré rouge (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 151, 152, 301.
Catachaenia rufa Griseb. = Miconia rufa (Griseb.) Triana
Charianthus corymbosus (Rich.) Cogn. var. latifolius Hodge =
Chaenanthera mucronata Rich. ex DC. = Charianthus corymbosus
Charianthus corymbosus (Rich.) Cogn.
(Rich.) Cogn.
Charianthus corymbosus var. longifolius (Cogn.) Hodge = Charianthus
Chaenopleura longifolia (Aubl.) Griseb. = Miconia longifolia (Aubl.) DC.
corymbosus (Rich.) Cogn.
Chaetogastra cistoides Griseb. = Tibouchina ornata Baill.
Charianthus crinitus Naudin = Charianthus purpureus D. Don
Chaetogastra cubensis Griseb. = Tibouchina cubense (A. Rich.)
*Charianthus dominicensis Penneys & Judd, Brittonia 56: 153. 2004.
M. Gómez
Charianthus purpureus D. Don var. rugosus Hodge, Contr. Gray Herb.
Chaetogastra cubensis Griseb. var. brevistrigillosa Griseb. = Tibouchina 135: 130. 1941.
cubensis (A. Rich.) M. Gómez Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica).
Chaetogastra lanceolata DC. = Tibouchina longifolia (Vahl) Baill. References: 1, 156.
Chaetogastra origanoides Griseb. = Tibouchina cubense (A. Rich.) Charianthus fadyenii (Hook.) Griseb. = Tetrazygia fadyenii Hook.
M. Gómez Charianthus glaberrimus DC. = Charianthus corymbosus (Rich.) Cogn.
Chaetogastra saturejoides Griseb. = Tibouchina cubense (A. Rich.) *Charianthus grenadensis Penneys & Judd, Brittonia 56: 156. 2004.
M. Gómez Charianthus purpureus D. Don var. brevisetosus Hodge, Contr. Gray
Chaetolepis brevistrigillosa Cogn. = Tibouchina cubense (A. Rich.) Herb. 135: 129. 1941.
M. Gómez Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Grenada).
Chaetolepis cubensis (A. Rich.) Triana var brevistrigillosa Griseb. =
Tibouchina cubensis (A. Rich.) M. Gómez Charianthus longifolius Cogn. = Charianthus corymbosus (Rich.) Cogn.
Chaetolepis cubensis (Griseb.) Triana = Tibouchina cubensis (A. Rich.) *Charianthus nodosus (Desr.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28:
M. Gómez 99. 1871; Melastoma nodosum Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck,
Encycl. 4: 55. 1797.
Chaetolepis grisebachii Cogn. = Tibouchina cubensis (A. Rich.) Miconia leblondii Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci. 36:
M. Gómez 61. 1991.
*Charianthus alpinus (Sw.) R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 53: 401. Charianthus ciliatus DC., Prodr. 3: 197. 1828
1972; Melastoma alpinum Sw., Prodr. 71. 1788. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique); doubtful to
Charianthus coccineus (Rich.) D. Don var. parvifolia Cogn. in A.L.P.P. Trinidad.
de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 1190. 1891. Common Names: Crécré rouge, Fuschia-montagne (Lesser Antilles).
Charianthus coriaceus DC. ex Duss, Fl. Phan. Antill. Franç. 285. 1897. References: 1, 151, 301.
Charianthus tinifolius D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 329. Charianthus nodosus f. crinitus (Naudin) Hodge = Charianthus
1823. purpureus D. Don
Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent). Charianthus nodosus var. crinitus (Naudin) Duss = Charianthus
References: 1, 30, 137, 151, 152. purpureus D. Don
Charianthus ciliatus DC. = Charianthus nodosus (Desr.) Triana Charianthus obliquus Griseb. = Miconia obtusa (Griseb.) Triana
Charianthus coccineus (Rich.) D. Don = Miconia coccinea (Rich.) Judd *Charianthus purpureus D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 329.
& Skean 1823; Miconia purpurea (D. Don) Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida
State Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 62. 1991.
Charianthus coccineus (Rich.) D. Don var. parvifolia Cogn. = Melastoma dodandianum Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 37. 1825.
Charianthus alpinus (Sw.) R.A. Howard Charianthus crinitus Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 18: 112. 1852;
Charianthus coccineus sensu Cogn., non D. Don = Miconia cubensis Charianthus nodosus var. crinitus (Naudin) Duss, Fl. Phan. Antill.
(C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright Franc. 3: 286. 1897; Charianthus nodosus f. crinitus (Naudin)
number 9 8 • 535
Hodge, Contr. Gray Herb. 135: 132. 1941; Charianthus purpureus Clidemia crenata DC. = Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don
var. crinitus (Naudin) Hodge, Contr. Gray Herb. 135: 129. 1941. Clidemia crossosepala Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 248. 1860, var.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, crossosepala; Sagraea crossosepala (Griseb.) Triana, Trans. Linn.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Kitts). Soc. London 28: 139. 1871 [as crossopetala].
Common Names: Bois cendre, Wassard (Lesser Antilles). Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Charianthus purpureus D. Don var. brevisetosus Hodge = Charianthus Clidemia crossosepala Griseb. var. adamsii Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica,
grenadensis Penneys & Judd Sci. Ser. 16: 37. 1967.
Charianthus purpureus var. crinitus (Naudin) Hodge = Charianthus Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
purpureus D. Don References: 2, 149.
Charianthus purpureus D. Don var. rugosus Hodge = Charianthus Clidemia cubensis Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle,
dominicensis Penneys & Judd Monogr. Phan. 7: 1021. 1891.
Clidemia rubrinervis sensu Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 185. 1860, non as to
Charianthus tinifolius D. Don = Charianthus alpinus (Sw.) R.A. Howard
the type.
Chitonia albicans D. Don ex Naudin = Tetrazygia albicans (D. Don ex Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Naudin) Triana Reference: 3.
Chitonia macrophylla Pav. ex D. Don = Miconia serrulata (DC.) Naudin Clidemia cymosa (Wendl. ex Spreng.) Alain = Clidemia eggersii
Clidemia angustilamina Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida State Michelangeli & Bécquer
Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 61. 1991. [non Clidemia angustifolia Clidemia dependens D. Don = Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don
Naudin];Heterotrichum angustifolium DC., Prodr. 3: 173. 1828.
Clidemia divaricata (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Cogn. = Clidemia leucandra
Maieta angustifolia (DC.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 7: 35. 1877.
C. Wright ex Griseb. var. divaricata C. Wright ex Griseb.
Puerto Rico. Clidemia domingensis (DC.) Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4:
Common Names: Arrienga puerco, Bija cimarrona, Peluda (Dominican 283. 1886; Sagraea domingensis DC., Prodr. 3: 171. 1828.
Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
References: 5, 7, 58, 61. Puerto Rico.
References: 7, 58, 61, 160.
Clidemia barbeyana Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 1014. 1891. Clidemia eggersii Michelangeli & Bécquer comb. nov. Heterotrichum
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. eggersii Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 282. 1886.
Reference: 3. Clidemia cymosa (Wendl. ex Spreng.) Alain, Moscosoa 8: 7. 1994,
nom. illeg., non Gleason; Melastoma cymosum Wendl. ex Spreng.,
Clidemia berteroi Griseb. = Clidemia plumosa (Desr.) DC.
Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 299. 1825; Heterotrichum cymosum (Wendl.
Clidemia capillaris (Sw.) Griseb. = Sagraea capillaris (Sw.) DC. ex Spreng.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 462. 1910.
Clidemia capillaris (Sw.) Griseb. var. leiocalyx Cogn. = Sagraea Heterotrichum niveum sensu Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 18: 86.
capillaris (Sw.) DC. 1852, non DC.
Heterotrichum octonum sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10:
Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4 267. 1881, non DC.
(2): 310. 1823; Melastoma capitellatum Bonpl. in F.W.H.A. von Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Humboldt & A.J.A. Bonpland, Monogr. Melast. 1: 5. 1806. References: 58, 152, 151.
Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don var. dependens (D. Don) J.F. Macbr.,
Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13(4): 484. 1941; Clidemia Clidemia erythropogon DC., Prodr. 3: 157. 1828.
dependens D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 307. 1823. Staphidium wilsonii Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3. 17: 311. 1852.
Clidemia neglecta D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 307. 1823. Staphidium wilsonii var. crinitum Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3.
Clidemia capitellata var. neglecta (D. Don) L.O. Williams, 17: 311. 1852.
Fieldiana, Bot. 29: 556. 1963. Clidemia hirta sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 246. 1860, non D. Don.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, Central America, and Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
South America. and Jamaica.
References: 2, 3, 151, 301. Common Name: Rabo de gato (Dominican Republic).
Note: A widespread and variable taxon that may include several species. References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 123.
Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don var. dependens (D. Don) J.F. Clidemia fuertesii Cogn. = Sagraea fuertesii (Cogn.) Alain
Macbr. = Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don Clidemia grisebachii Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Clidemia capitellata var. neglecta (D. Don) L.O. Williams = Clidemia Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 1009. 1891.
capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Reference: 2.
Clidemia capituliflora Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 1021. 1891. Clidemia guadalupensis (DC.) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Göttingen 7: 218. 1857; Sagraea guadalupensis DC., Prodr. 3:
Reference: 3. 170. 1828.
Sagraea tetragona DC., Prodr. 3: 171. 1828; Clidemia tetragona (DC.)
Clidemia cinerea Griseb. = Ossaea glomerata (Naudin) Triana Fournet ex Sastre, Biogeographica (The Hague) 72: 183. 1996,
Clidemia clementiana Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 2. 1924. nom. illeg.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Melastoma verticillatum Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 47. 1797 [“1796”], nom.
References: 3, 134. illeg., non Mill; Clidemia verticillata (Vahl) DC., Prodr. 3: 160.
1828. Ossaea verticillata (Vahl) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London octonum (Bonpl.) DC., Prodr. 3: 173. 1828; Staphidium octonum
28: 146. 1871.Clidemia guadalupensis var. verticillata (DC.) Stehlé (Bonpl.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 17: 306. 1851;
& L. Quentin, Fl. Guadeloupe Dépend. & Martinique 2(3): 78. Stephanotrichum octonum (Bonpl.) Naudin ex Hemsl., Biol.
1949. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 1(5): 430. 1880.
Clidemia guadalupensis var. genuina Stehlé & L. Quentin, Fl. Clidemia valenzuelana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba,
Guadeloupe Dépend. & Martinique 2(3): 78. 1949. Pl. Vasc. 552. 1845; Maieta valenzuelana (A. Rich.) M. Gómez,
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe). Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 71. 1894.
Common Name: Crécré montagne (Lesser Antilles). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Central America, and South
Reference: 1. America.
Clidemia guadalupensis var. verticillata (DC.) Stehlé & L. Quentin =
Clidemia guadalupensis (DC.) Griseb. Clidemia oligantha Urb. = Sagraea oligantha (Urb.) Alain
Clidemia guadalupensis var. genuina Stehlé & L. Quentin = Clidemia Clidemia pilosa (Sw.) Cogn. = Clidemia swartzii Griseb.
guadalupensis (DC.) Griseb. Clidemia plumosa (Desr.) DC., Prodr. 3: 159. 1828; Melastoma
Clidemia heterotricha Griseb. = Ossaea heterotricha (Griseb.) C. Wright plumosum Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 31. 1797;
Sagraea plumosa (Desr.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 18:
Clidemia hirsuta (Sw.) Griseb. = Ossaea hirsuta (Sw.) Triana
93. 1852.
Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 309. 1823; Sagraea berteroi DC., Prodr. 3: 171. 1828; Clidemia berteroi (DC.)
Melastoma hirtum L., Sp. Pl. 390. 1753; Maieta hirta (L.) M. Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 247. 1860.
Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 79. 1894. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, and South America.
Clidemia crenata DC., Prodr. 3: 157. 1828. References: 2, 5, 7, 36.
Clidemia portoricensis Alain = Sagraea pusilliflora (Cogn.) Alain
Islands (St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica,
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Clidemia polystachya (Naudin) Cogn. = Sagraea polystachya (Naudin)
Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central Triana
America, and South America. Clidemia pterosepala (Urb.) Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 13: 7. 1956;
Common Names: Cordobán, Cordobán peludo (Cuba), Friega platos, Miconia pterosepala Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 116. 9: 116. 1923.
Pega-pollo (Dominican Republic), Jau-jau, Guérit vite (Haiti), Clidemia lopezii Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Soap-bush (Jamaica), Bonbon bleu, Bon bon mél, Kak mél (Lesser Salle” 15: 6. 1956.
Antilles), Camasey, Camasey peludo, Nigua (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 301, 340. References: 3, 14, 30, 149, 151, 287.
Clidemia hirta sensu Griseb., non D. Don = Clidemia erythropogon DC. Clidemia pusilliflora Cogn. = Sagraea pusilliflora (Cogn.) Alain
Clidemia hirtella (Sw.) Griseb. = Ossaea hirtella (Sw.) Triana Clidemia pycnantha Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 56. 1929.
Clidemia insularis Domin = Sagraea capillaris (Sw.) DC. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Reference: 7.
Clidemia lanata DC. = Miconia lanata (DC.) Triana
Clidemia rubra (Aubl.) Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 152. 1829;
Clidemia latifolia (Desr.) DC. = Clidemia umbrosa (Sw.) Cogn.
Melastoma rubrum Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 416. 1775;
Clidemia lima (Desr.) DC. = Ossaea lima (Desr.) Triana Staphidiastrum rubrum (Aubl.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér.
Clidemia lima sensu Bello, non DC. = Clidemia strigillosa (Sw.) DC. 3, 17: 331. 1852; Sagraea rubra (Aubl.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London 28: 137. 1871; Maieta rubra (Aubl.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 7: 35.
Clidemia lima sensu Griseb., non DC. = Ossaea asperifolia (Naudin) 1877
Triana Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, St. Vincent), Trinidad,
Clidemia lopezii Alain = Clidemia pterosepala (Urb.) Alain. and South America.
Clidemia macrandra (C. Wright) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle &
A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 1013. 1891; Sagraea Clidemia rubrinervis (Naudin) Griseb., Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 185.
macrandra C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 435. 1861, subsp. rubrinervis; Staphidiastrum rubrinerve Naudin, Ann.
1869; Maieta macrandra (C. Wright) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 17: 328. 1852; Clidemia rubrinervis Cogn.,
Hist. Nat. 23: 71. 1894; Ossaea macrandra (C. Wright) Millsp., Monogr. Phan. 7: 1013. 1891, nom. illeg.
Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser., 1(6): 432. 1900. Clidemia leucandra C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 96. 1866;
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ossaea leucandra (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright, Anal. Acad.
References: 3, 39, 151. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 435. 1868; Maieta leucandra (C. Wright ex
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 70. 1894.
Cuba (39). Ossaea trichopetala C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5:
434. 1868; Clidemia trichopetala (C. Wright) Cogn. in A.DC. &
Clidemia microphylla (Sw.) Griseb. = Ossaea microphylla (Sw.)
C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 7: 1013. 1891.
C. Wright
Clidemia neglecta D. Don = Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don Hispaniola.
Clidemia neglecta sensu A. Stahl, non D. Don = Clidemia strigillosa Common Name: Cordobancillo (Cuba).
(Sw.) DC. References: 3, 7, 30, 151.
Clidemia octona (Bonpl.) L.O. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 29: 558. Clidemia rubrinervis (Naudin) Griseb. subsp. divaricata (C. Wright
1963; Melastoma octonum Bonpl. in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt & ex Griseb.) Michelangeli, Bécquer, & Acev.-Rodr., comb. & stat.
A.J.A. Bonpland, Monogr. Melast. 1: 50. 1809; Heterotrichum nov.; Clidemia leucandra C. Wright var. divaricata C. Wright ex
number 9 8 • 537
Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 96. 1866; Clidemia divaricata (C. Wright ex Common Names: Arrienga puerco, Bija cimarrona, Memiso, Mora,
Griseb.) Cogn. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 7: 1015. 1891, nom. illeg., Juan pelú, Peluda (Dominican Republic).
non Naudin. References: 2, 3, 7, 151, 152, 307.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Clidemia umbrosa (Sw.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Reference: 124. Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 1019. 1891; Melastoma umbrosum
Clidemia rubripila Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 314. 1912. Sw., Prodr: 72 1788; Sagraea umbrosa (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 171.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. 1828; Staphidiastrum umbrosum (Sw.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat.
References: 7, 30. Bot., sér. 3, 17: 327. 1852.
Melastoma latifolium Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 4:
Clidemia rufescens Griseb. = Ossaea rufescens (Griseb.) C. Wright
31. 1797. Clidemia latifolia (Desr.) DC., Prodr. 3: 159. 1828.
Clidemia scabrosa (L.) Griseb. = Sagraea scabrosa (L.) Naudin Staphidiastrum latifolium (Desr.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.,
Clidemia septuplinervia Cogn. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 14(4): sér. 3, 17: 326. 1852. Staphidium latifolium (Desr.) Griseb., Abh.
506. 1888. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen 7: 218. 1857. Sagraea latifolia
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Central America, and South America. (Desr.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 138. 1871
References: 2, 151. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico (rare) and
Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat,
Clidemia sparsiflora (DC.) Griseb. = Henriettea lateriflora (Vahl) R.A. Saba, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent); doubtful to Trinidad.
Howard & E.A. Kellogg References: 1, 30, 58, 301.
Clidemia strigillosa (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 159. 1828; Melastoma Clidemia valenzuelana A. Rich. = Clidemia octona (Bonpl.) L. O.
strigillosum Sw., Prodr. 71. 1788. Williams
Clidemia lima sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 267. 1881,
non DC. Clidemia vegaensis Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 529. 1913.
Clidemia neglecta sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 4: 97. 1886, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
non D. Don. References: 7, 30.
Staphidium spicatum Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 17: 316. 1852. Clidemia verticillata (Vahl) DC. = Clidemia guadalupensis (DC.) Griseb.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Central
Clidemia vincentina Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 339. 1916.
America, and South America; exotic in Jamaica.
Common Name: Terciopelo (Puerto Rico).
Reference: 1.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 131.
Clidemia wrightii Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 185. 1860; Sagraea wrightii
Clidemia swartzii Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 248. 1860 [non Clidemia
(Griseb.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 138. 1871; Maieta
pilosa Pav. ex D. Don]; Melastoma pilosum Sw., Prodr. 72. 1788;
wrightii (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 70.
Sagraea pilosa (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 171. 1828; Staphidiastrum
1894.
pilosum (Sw.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 17: 334. 1852;
Clidemia pilosa (Sw.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Reference: 3.
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 1023. 1891, nom. illeg., non Pav. ex
D. Don Conostegia affinis Urb. = Conostegia rufescens Naudin
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Conostegia balbisiana Ser. ex DC., Prodr. 3: 174. 1828.
Reference: 2. Conostegia grisebachii Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Clidemia tetragona (DC.) Fournet ex Sastre = Clidemia guadalupensis Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 700. 1891.
(DC.) Griseb. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 2, 113.
Clidemia tetragonoloba Cogn. = Calycogonium tetragonolobum
(Cogn.) Judd & Skean Conostegia clidemioides C. Wright ex Griseb. = Conostegia superba
Naudin
Clidemia tetraptera Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 530. 1913.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Conostegia cornifolia (Desr.) Ser. ex DC. = Miconia cornifolia (Desr.)
References: 7, 30. Naudin
Clidemia trichopetala (C. Wright) Cogn. = Clidemia rubrinervis Conostegia furfuracea Urb. & Ekman = Conostegia lindenii Cogn.
(Naudin) Griseb., subsp. rubrinervis Conostegia grisebachii Cogn. = Conostegia balbisiana Ser. ex DC.
Clidemia trichotoma C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 96. 1866; Conostegia hotteana Urb. & Ekman = Conostegia rufescens Naudin
Ossaea trichotoma (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright, Anales Acad.
Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 435. 1868; Sagraea trichotoma (C. Wright ex Conostegia icosandra (Sw. ex Wikstr.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Griseb.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 138. 1871; Maieta Veg. 17: 404. 1921; Melastoma icosandrum Sw. ex Wikstr., Kongl.
trichotoma (C. Wright ex Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1827: 64. 1828.
Hist. Nat. 23: 70. 1894. Conostegia icosandra (Sw. ex Wikstr.) Urb. subsp. crenata (Urb.)
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Borhidi & O. Muniz, Bot. Közlem. 58: 176. 1971; Conostegia
Reference: 3. icosandra (Sw. ex Wikstr.) Urb. var. crenata Urb., Repert. Spec.
Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 222. 1926.
Clidemia umbellata (Mill.) L.O. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 29: 560. Conostegia subhirsuta DC., Prodr. 3: 174. 1828.
1963; Melastoma umbellatum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768; Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
Heterotrichum umbellatum (Mill.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis,
Veg. 15: 14. 1917. St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, and
Heterotrichum patens DC., Prodr. 3: 173. 1828. South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 113, 301.
and Jamaica.
Conostegia icosandra (Sw. ex Wikstr.) Urb. subsp. crenata (Urb.) Common Names: Cordobán, Cordobancillo, Cordobancillo de flor
Borhidi & O. Muniz = Conostegia icosandra (Sw. ex Wikstr.) Urb. rosada (Cuba).
Conostegia icosandra (Sw. ex Wikstr.) Urb. var. crenata Urb. =
Conostegia icosandra (Sw. ex Wikstr.) Urb. Cremanium amygdalinum (Desr.) Griseb. = Mecranium amygdalinum
(Desr.) C. Wright
Conostegia lindenii Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 705. 1891. Cremanium axillare Macfad. = Mecranium axillare (Macfad.) Skean
Conostegia furfuracea Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 15. 1931. subsp. axillare
Conostegia lomensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 161. 1921. Cremanium racemosum Griseb. = Mecranium racemosum (Griseb.)
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola C. Wright
Cremanium rivoeriae Griseb. = Miconia trichotoma (Desr.) DC.
Conostegia lomensis Urb. = Conostegia lindenii Cogn.
Cremanium sieberi Griseb. = Miconia globuliflora Cham. ex Triana var.
Conostegia lutescens (Vahl.) Ser. ex DC. = Miconia cornifolia (Desr.) dominicae R.A. Howard & E.A. Kellogg
Naudin
Cremanium tetrandrum (Sw.) Griseb. = Miconia tetrandra (Sw.) D. Don
Conostegia montana (Sw.) D. Don ex DC., Prodr. 3: 175. 1828; ex G. Don
Melastoma montanum Sw., Prodr. 69. 1788.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Cremanium virgatum (Sw.) Griseb. = Mecranium virgatum (Sw.) Triana
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Vincent), South Cycnopodium latifolium Naudin = Graffenrieda latifolia (Naudin)
America, and Old World. Triana
Common Names: Bois côtelette, Crécré blanc (Lesser Antilles).
Davya adscendens (Sw.) Griseb. = Adelobotrys adscendens (Sw.) Triana
References: 1, 2.
Diplochita fothergilla DC. = Miconia mirabilis (Aubl.) L.O. Williams
Conostegia procera (Sw.) D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 317.
1823; Melastoma procerum Sw., Prodr. 68. 1788. Diplochita fothergilla sensu Griseb. = Miconia dodecandra (Desr.) Cogn.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Diplochita serrulata DC. = Miconia serrulata (DC.) Naudin
Reference: 2.
Dissotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28:
Conostegia puberula Naudin = Conostegia rufescens Naudin 58.1871.
Conostegia pyxidata Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 38. 1967. Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, United States, and South America;
Conostegia subprocera Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 38. 1967. native to Africa.
References: 2, 113, 427. Ekmaniocharis crassinervis Urb. = Mecranium crassinerve (Urb.) Skean
Species. Eurychaenia ferruginea Desr. = Miconia ferruginea (Desr.) DC.
Conostegia rufescens Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 107. 1851. Eurychaenia punctata Griseb. = Miconia chrysophylla (Rich.) Urb.
Conostegia affinis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 29. 1929. Fothergilla mirabilis Aubl. = Miconia mirabilis (Aubl.) L.O. Williams
Conostegia hotteana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 29. 1929.
Graffenrieda barahonensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17:
Conostegia puberula Naudin in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
161. 1921.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Central
Reference: 7.
References: 2, 5, 7, 58, 113, 151. Graffenrieda brachycentra Griseb. = Tetrazygia brachycentra (Griseb.)
C. Wright
Conostegia semicrenata (Rich.) Ser. ex DC. = Miconia cornifolia (Desr.)
Naudin Graffenrieda chrysandra (Griseb.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London
28: 70. 1871; Miconia chrysandra Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 99. 1866.
Conostegia speciosa Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 109. 1851.
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Central America and South
Hispaniola.
America.
References: 2, 152.
Graffenrieda cordifolia Alain = Miconia javorkaeana Borhidi
Conostegia subhirsuta DC. = Conostegia icosandra (Sw. ex Wikstr.)
Urb. Graffenrieda latifolia (Naudin) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28:
71. 1871; Cycnopodium latifolium Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.,
Conostegia subprocera Proctor = Conostegia pyxidata Proctor
sér. 3, 4: 52. 1845.
Conostegia superba Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 108. 1851. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada,
Conostegia clidemioides C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 98. 1866. Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Trinidad, and South
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, and America.
Central America. Common Names: Bois bandé, Côtelette grand-feuille, Crécré grand-feuille
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 113, 427. (Lesser Antilles).
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened References: 1, 151, 301.
Species.
Graffenrieda obtusa (Griseb.) Griseb. = Miconia obtusa (Griseb.) Triana
Conostegia xalapensis D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 817.
Graffenrieda ottoschulzii (Urb. & Ekman) Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot.
1823.
23A(11): 15. 1931; Miconia ottoschulzii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot.
22A(17): 39. 1929.
America.
number 9 8 • 539
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Henriettea hotteana (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Sida 18: 1026. 1999;
Puerto Rico. Ossaea hotteana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 58. 1929.
Common Name: Petites graines (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Graffenrieda rufescens Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: Henriettea lateriflora (Vahl) R.A. Howard & E.A. Kellogg, J. Arnold
45. 1923. Arbor. 67: 246. 1986; Melastoma lateriflorum Vahl, Eclog. Amer.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 1: 48. 1797 [“1796”]; Ossaea lateriflora (Vahl) DC., Prodr. 3:
Reference: 3. 169. 1828; Henriettella lateriflora (Vahl) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London 28: 144. 1871.
Henriettea acunae (Alain) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 299. 1965;
Ossaea sparsiflora DC., Prodr. 3: 169. 1828. Sagraea sparsiflora (DC.)
Henriettella acunae Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
Naudin, Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. III. 18: 98. 1852; Clidemia sparsiflora
“De La Salle” 14: 9. 1955.
(DC.) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 218. 1857.
Reference: 3.
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia).
Henriettea barkeri (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: Common Names: Caca-ravet, Crécré grand-bois (Lesser Antilles).
299. 1965; Henriettella barkeri Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): References: 1, 151.
48. 1927.
Henriettea macfadyenii (Triana) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 300.
Henriettella elliptica Urb., Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 47. 1927; Henriettea
1965; Henriettella macfadyenii Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London
elliptica (Urb.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 299. 1965.
28: 43. 1871.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Jamaica and Puerto
Rico.
Henriettea ciliata (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: Common Name: Camasey (Puerto Rico).
299. 1965; Henriettella ciliata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): References: 2, 58, 61.
49. 1927.
Henriettea megaloclada (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
92: 300. 1965; Henriettella megaloclada Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot.
References: 5, 7.
22A(17): 57. 1929.
Henriettea cuabae (Urb.) Borhidi, Abstr. Bot. (Budapest) 5: 32. 1977; Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Miconia cuabae Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 305. References: 5, 7.
1924; Henriettella cuabae (Urb.) Bisse, Ciencias Bot. (Cuba), 2:
Henriettea membranifolia (Cogn.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92:
14. 1975.
300. 1965; Henriettella membranifolia Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de
Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 1042. 1891.
Henriettea ekmanii (Urb.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 299. 1965; Common Name: Camasey (Puerto Rico).
Henriettella ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 120. 1923. References: 58, 61, 131, 149, 427.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
References: 3, 30, 151. Threatened Species.
Henriettea elliptica (Urb.) Alain = Henriettea barkeri (Urb. & Ekman) Henriettea parviflora Griseb. = Henriettea patrisiana DC.
Alain
Henriettea patrisiana DC., Prodr. 3: 178. 1828.
Henriettea fascicularis (Sw.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. Henriettea parviflora Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 95. 1866; Henriettella
23: 68. 1894; Melastoma fasciculare Sw., Prodr. 71. 1788; Sagraea parviflora (Griseb.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 143.
fascicularis (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 170. 1828; Staphidiastrum 1871.
fasciculare (Sw.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 17: 333. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, and South America.
1852. Henriettella fascicularis (Sw.) C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. References: 3, 301.
Méd. Habana 5: 435. 1869; Ossaea fascicularis (Sw.) Griseb., Fl.
Henriettea punctata (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat.
Brit. W. I. 246. 1860.
23: 68. 1894; Ossaea punctata Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 184. 1860;
Sagraea scabrida DC., Prodr. 3: 170. 1828; Staphidiastrum scabridum
Henriettella punctata (Griseb.) C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
(DC.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3. 17: 334. 1852.
Habana 5: 435. 1868.
Henriettella fascicularis (Sw.) C. Wright. var. sintenisii Cogn. in A.L.P.P.
de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 1043. 1891.
Sagraea acutiflora Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 18: 99. 1852.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and
Central America.
Species.
Common Names: Moza (Dominican Republic), Petigrene (Haiti),
Camasey bobo, Camasey de oro, Camasey peludo, Camasey Henriettea ramiflora (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 178. 1828; Melastoma
simple (Puerto Rico). ramiflorum Sw., Prodr. 69. 1788; Henriettella ramiflora (Sw.)
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 36, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 151, 152, 340. Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 18: 106. 1852.
Henriettea granularis (Urb.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 300.
Henriettea gibberosa (Urb.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 299.
1965; Henriettella granularis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
1965; Henriettella gibberosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 121. 1923.
22: 234. 1926.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
Reference: 3.
Henriettea granularis (Urb.) Alain = Henriettea ramiflora (Sw.) DC References: 2, 3, 39, 151, 152, 301.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Henriettella granularis Urb. = Henriettea ramiflora (Sw.) DC.
Cuba (39). Henriettella lateriflora (Vahl) Triana = Henriettea lateriflora (Vahl) R.A.
Henriettea reflexa (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: Howard & E.A. Kellogg
300. 1965; Henriettella reflexa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): Henriettella macfadyenii Triana = Henriettea macfadyenii (Triana) Alain
26. 1931.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Henriettella megaloclada Urb. & Ekman = Henriettea megaloclada
References: 7, 152. (Urb. & Ekman) Alain
Henriettea sessilifolia (L.) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 300. 1965 Henriettella membranifolia Cogn. = Henriettea membranifolia (Cogn.)
[ as sessiliflora]; Melastoma sessilifolium L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: Alain
1022. 1759. Henriettella sessilifolia (L.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Henriettella parviflora (Griseb.) Triana = Henriettea patrisiana DC.
London 28: 143. 1873.
Henriettella punctata (Griseb.) C. Wright = Henriettea punctata
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Trinidad, and South America.
(Griseb.) M. Gómez
Henriettella punctata (Griseb.) Triana = Henriettea punctata (Griseb.)
Henriettea squamata (Alain) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 300.
M. Gómez
1965; Henriettella squamata Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Colegio “De La Salle” 14: 10. 1955. Henriettella ramiflora (Sw.) Naudin = Henriettea ramiflora (Sw.) DC.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Henriettella reflexa Urb. & Ekman = Henriettea reflexa (Urb. &
Common Name: Roble güira (Cuba). Ekman) Alain
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Henriettella reticulata Cogn. = Calycogonium reticulatum (Cogn.) Judd
Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened & Skean
Species. Henriettella sessilifolia (L.) Triana = Henriettea sessilifolia (L.) Alain
Henriettea squamulosa (Cogn.) Judd, Brittonia 38: 240. 1986; Henriettella squamata Alain = Henriettea squamata (Alain) Alain
Calycogonium squamulosum Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart.
Henriettella triflora (Vahl) Triana = Henriettea triflora (Vahl) Alain
Berlin 4: 277. 1886.
Calycogonium squamulosum Cogn. var. grandifolium (Cogn.) Cogn. in Heterocentron subtriplinervium (Link & Otto) A. Braun & Bouché,
A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 943. Linnaea 25: 299. 1851.
1891; Calycogonium squamulosum Cogn. f. grandifolium Cogn., Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Mexico and Central America.
Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 277. 1886. Reference: 2.
Calycogonium squamulosum Cogn. f. parvifolium Cogn., Jahrb. Heteronoma cubense Naudin = Arthrostemma ciliatum Pav. ex D. Don
Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 277. 1886.
Calycogonium squamulosum var. amplifolium Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Heterotrichum angustifolium DC. = Clidemia angustilamina Judd &
Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 943. 1891. Skean
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Heterotrichum cymosum (Wendl. ex Spreng.) Urb. = Clidemia eggersii
References: 30, 58, 61, 149, 152. Michelangeli & Bécquer
Henriettea triflora (Vahl) Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 300. 1965; Heterotrichum eggersii Cogn. = Clidemia eggersii Michelangeli &
Melastoma triflorum Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 46. 1797 [“1796”]; Bécquer
Henriettella triflora (Vahl) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28:
Heterotrichum hispidum (Sw.) Griseb. = Tetrazygia hispida (Sw.)
143. 1871.
Macfad. var. hispida
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Common Name: Bois cendre (Lesser Antilles). Heterotrichum hispidum (Sw.) Griseb. var. laevius Griseb. = Tetrazygia
References: 1, 151. hispida (Sw.) Macfad. var. laevis (Griseb.) Cogn.
Henriettea uniflora Judd, Skean, Penneys, & Michelangeli, Brittonia Heterotrichum niveum sensu Naudin, non DC. = Clidemia eggersii
60: 219. 2008. Michelangeli & Bécquer
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Heterotrichum octonum (Bonpl.) DC. = Clidemia octona (Bonpl.) L.O.
Reference: 149. Williams
Henriettella acunae Alain = Henriettea acunae (Alain) Alain Heterotrichum octonum sensu Bello, non DC. = Clidemia eggersii
Henriettella barkeri Urb. & Ekman = Henriettea barkeri (Urb. & Michelangeli & Bécquer
Ekman) Alain Heterotrichum patens DC. = Clidemia umbellata (Mill.) L.O. Williams
Henriettella ciliata Urb. & Ekman = Henriettea ciliata (Urb. & Ekman) Heterotrichum umbellatum (Mill.) Urb. = Clidemia umbellata (Mill.)
Alain L.O. Williams
Henriettella cuabae (Urb.) Bisse = Henriettea cuabae (Urb.) Borhidi Homonoma aridum Bello = Nepsera aquatica (Aubl.) Naudin
Henriettella ekmanii Urb. = Henriettea ekmanii (Urb.) Alain Lasiandra urvilleana DC. = Tibouchina urvilleana (DC.) Cogn.
Henriettella elliptica Urb. = Henriettea barkeri (Urb. & Ekman) Alain Leandra alloeotricha (Urb.) Judd & Skean = Miconia alloeotricha
Henriettella fascicularis (Sw.) C. Wright = Henriettea fascicularis (Sw.) (Urb.) Judd, Penneys, & Skean
Gómez Leandra eggersiana Cogn. = Ossaea asperifolia (Naudin) Triana
Henriettella fascicularis (Sw.) M. Gómez var. sintenisii Cogn. = Leandra glomerata (Naudin) Judd & Skean = Ossaea glomerata
Henriettea fascicularis (Sw.) Gómez (Naudin) Triana
Henriettella gibberosa Urb. = Henriettea gibberosa (Urb.) Alain Leandra humilis (Urb. & Ekman) Alain = Ossaea parvifolia Alain
number 9 8 • 541
Leandra hybophylla (Urb.) Alain = Ossaea hybophylla Urb Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright var. longifolium (Cogn.)
Cogn. = Mecranium latifolium (Cogn.) Skean
Leandra inaequidens (Urb. & Ekman) Judd & Skean = Ossaea
inaequidens Urb. & Ekman Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright f. parvifolium Cogn. =
Mecranium latifolium (Cogn.) Skean
Leandra krugiana (Cogn.) Judd & Skean = Ossaea krugiana Cogn
Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright var. parvifolium (Cogn.)
Leandra krugii (Cogn.) Judd & Skean = Ossaea krugii (Cogn)
Cogn. = Mecranium latifolium (Cogn.) Skean
Michelangeli & Bécquer
Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright f. subintegerrimum Cogn. =
Leandra lima (Desr.) Judd & Skean = Ossaea lima (Desr.) Triana
Mecranium latifolium (Cogn.) Skean
Leandra limoides (Urb.) Judd & Skean = Ossaea limoides Urb.
Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright var. subintegerrimum
Leandra marigotiana (Urb. & Ekman) Alain = Ossaea marigotiana Urb. (Cogn.) Cogn. = Mecranium latifolium (Cogn.) Skean
& Ekman
Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright var. urbanianum Cogn. =
Leandra polychaeta (Urb. & Ekman) Alain = Ossaea urbaniana Alain Mecranium axillare (Macfad.) Skean subsp. urbanianum (Cogn.)
Leandra pratensis (Macfad.) Judd & Skean = Ossaea microphylla (Sw.) Skean
C. Wright. *Mecranium axillare (Macfad.) Skean, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 39: 42.
Maieta angustifolia (DC.) Baill. = Clidemia angustilamina Judd & 1993, subsp. axillare; Cremanium axillare Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 2:
Skean 29. 1850.
Maieta hirta (L.) M. Gómez = Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don References: 135, 151.
Maieta lanata (Naudin) M. Gómez = Ossaea lanata (Naudin) C. Wright *Mecranium axillare (Macfad.) Skean subsp. proctorii Skean, Syst. Bot.
ex Griseb. Monogr. 39: 46. 1993.
Maieta leucandra (C. Wright ex Griseb.) M. Gomez = Clidemia Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
leucandra C. Wright ex Griseb. var. leucandra Reference: 135.
Maieta macrandra (C. Wright) M. Gómez = Clidemia macrandra *Mecranium axillare (Macfad.) Skean subsp. urbanianum (Cogn.)
(C. Wright) Cogn. Skean, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 39: 46. 1993; Mecranium amygdalinum
(Desr.) C. Wright var. urbanianum Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb.
Maieta neurotricha (C. Wright) M. Gómez = Ossaea neurotricha
Antill. 6: 27. 1909.
C. Wright
Maieta rubra (Aubl.) Baill. = Clidemia rubra (Aubl.) Mart. References: 30, 135, 151, 152, 156.
Maieta scabrosa (L.) M. Gómez = Sagraea scabrosa (L.) Naudin *Mecranium birimosum (Naudin) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28:
Maieta scalpta Vent. = Sagraea scalpta (Vent.) Naudin 140. 1871; Ossaea birimosa Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3,
17: 335. 1851.
Maieta trichotoma (C. Wright ex Griseb.) M. Gómez = Clidemia Mecranium torbecianum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 45. 1927.
trichotoma C. Wright ex Griseb. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Maieta valenzuelana (A. Rich.) M. Gómez = Clidemia octona (Bonpl.) References: 5, 7, 135, 156.
L. O. Williams *Mecranium crassinerve (Urb.) Skean, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 39: 50. 1993;
Maieta wrightii (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Clidemia wrightii Griseb. Ekmaniocharis crassinervis Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 48. 1921.
*Mecranium acuminatum (DC.) Skean, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 39: 31.
1993; Ossaea acuminata DC., Prodr. 3: 169. 1828.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. *Mecranium haemanthum Triana ex Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle
Common Name: Palo de vara (Dominican Republic). & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 983. 1891; Mecranium
Reference: 7. haemanthum Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 140. 1871,
nom. nud.
*Mecranium alpestre Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 53. 1929.
References: 5, 7, 135, 156.
*Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Cuba (39).
Habana 5: 435. 1869; Melastoma amygdalinum Desr. in J.B.A.P.M.
*Mecranium haitiense Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 46. 1921.
de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 35. 1797; Cremanium amygdalinum (Desr.)
Mecranium salicifolium Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 54. 1929.
References: 5, 7, 135, 151.
*Mecranium integrifolium (Naudin) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London
Mecranium amygdalinum sensu Alain = Mecranium integrifolium
28: 139. 1871, subsp. integrifolium
(Naudin) Triana subsp. integrifolium
Ossaea integrifolia Naudin var. latifolia Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.,
Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright f. latifolium Cogn. = sér. 3, 17: 337. 1851.
Mecranium latifolium (Cogn.) Skean Mecranium amygdalinum sensu León & Alain, Fl. Cuba 4: 42. 1957,
Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright var. latifolium (Cogn.) non (Desr.) C. Wright
Cogn. = Mecranium latifolium (Cogn.) Skean Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 135.
Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright f. longifolium Cogn. =
Mecranium latifolium (Cogn.) Skean *Mecranium integrifolium (Naudin) Triana subsp. alainii Skean, Syst.
Bot. Monogr. 39: 62. 1993.
Mecranium purpurascens León & Alain, Fl. Cuba 4: 42. 1957, non Miconia ossaeiformis Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 17: 212.
(Sw.) Triana 1852.
*Mecranium integrifolium (Naudin) Triana subsp. neibense (Skean) Mecranium purpurascens sensu Alain = Mecranium integrifolium
Skean, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 39: 64. 1993; Mecranium neibense (Naudin) Triana subsp. alainii Skean
Skean, Brittonia 39: 192. 1987. *Mecranium racemosum (Griseb.) C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Habana 5: 435. 1869; Cremanium racemosum Griseb., Cat. Pl.
References: 7, 135, 156. Cub. 102. 1866.
*Mecranium juddii Skean, Brittonia 52: 191. 2000. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 149. *Mecranium revolutum Skean & Judd, Brittonia 38: 230. 1986.
*Mecranium latifolium (Cogn.) Skean, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 39: 66. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
1993; Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright f. latifolium References: 7, 8, 135, 156.
Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 283. 1886; Mecranium Mecranium salicifolium Urb. = Mecranium haitiense Urb.
amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright var. latifolium (Cogn.) Cogn. in
A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 982. *Mecranium septentrionale Skean, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 39: 94. 1993.
1891. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright var. longifolium (Cogn.) References: 7, 135.
Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Mecranium torbecianum Urb. & Ekman = Mecranium birimosum
Phan. 7: 982. 1891; Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright f. (Naudin) Triana
longifolium Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 283. 1886.
*Mecranium tricostatum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 53. 1929.
Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright var. parvifolium (Cogn.)
Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr.
Phan. 7: 982. 1891; Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright f.
parvifolium Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 283. 1886. *Mecranium tuberculatum Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14:
Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright var. subintegerrimum 339. 1916.
(Cogn.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Monogr. Phan. 7: 982. 1891; Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) Hispaniola.
C. Wright f. subintegerrimum Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. References: 3, 5, 7, 39, 135.
Berlin 4: 283. 1886. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Thomas). Cuba (39).
References: 30, 58, 61, 135. *Mecranium virgatum (Sw.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 140.
*Mecranium microdictyum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 55. 1929. 1871; Melastoma virgatum Sw., Prodr. 72. 1788; Cremanium
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). virgatum (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 261. 1860.
*Mecranium multiflorum (Desr.) Triana, Trans. Hort. Soc. London
28: 139. 1871; Melastoma multiflorum Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Melastoma acinodendron L. = Miconia acinodendron (L.) Sweet
Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 35. 1797. Melastoma adscendens Sw. = Adelobotrys adscendens (Sw.) Triana
References: 5, 7, 135, 156. Melastoma adscendens sensu Spreng. = Miconia laevigata (L.) D. Don
Mecranium neibense Skean = Mecranium integrifolium (Naudin) Triana Melastoma alpinum Sw. = Charianthus alpinus (Sw.) R.A. Howard
subsp. neibense (Skean) Skean Melastoma amygdalinum Desr. = Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.)
*Mecranium obtusifolium Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de C. Wright
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 983. 1891. Melastoma angustifolium Sw. = Tetrazygia angustifolia (Sw.) DC.
Melastoma aquaticum Aubl. = Nepsera aquatica (Aubl.) Naudin
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Melastoma bicolor Mill. = Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. var. bicolor
Cuba (39). Melastoma calycopteris Rich. = Calycogonium calycopteris (Rich.) Urb.
*Mecranium ovatum Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 528. 1913. Melastoma capillare Sw. = Sagraea capillaris (Sw.) DC.
References: 5, 7, 30, 135, 156. Melastoma christophorianum Ham. = Tetrazygia discolor (L.) DC.
*Mecranium plicatum Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 47. 1921. Melastoma chrysophyllum Rich. = Miconia chrysophylla (Rich.) Urb.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Melastoma ciliatum Rich. = Miconia ciliata (Rich.) DC.
Melastoma cinnamomifolium Jacq. = Miconia cornifolia (Desr.) Naudin
*Mecranium puberulum Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 450. 1908.
Melastoma coccineum Rich. = Miconia coccinea (Rich.) Judd & Skean
References: 5, 7, 135. Melastoma coriaceum Juss. ex DC. = Miconia thomasiana DC.
*Mecranium purpurascens (DC.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: Melastoma coriaceum Sw. = Miconia coriacea (Sw.) DC.
139. 1871; Ossaea purpurascens DC., Prodr. 3: 169. 1828. Melastoma cornifolium Desr. = Miconia cornifolia (Desr.) Naudin
number 9 8 • 543
Melastoma corymbosum Rich. = Charianthus corymbosus (Rich.) Cogn. Melastoma pictum Vahl = Miconia cornifolia (Desr.) Naudin
Melastoma crotonifolium Desr. = Tetrazygia crotonifolia (Desr.) DC. Melastoma pilosum Sw. = Clidemia swartzii Griseb.
Melastoma cymosum Wendl. ex Spreng. = Clidemia eggersii Melastoma plumosum Desr. = Clidemia plumosa (Desr.) DC.
Michelangeli & Bécquer Melastoma portoricense Spreng. = Miconia laevigata (L.) D. Don
Melastoma discolor L. = Tetrazygia discolor (L.) DC. Melastoma prasinum Sw. = Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC.
Melastoma dodandianum Ham. = Charianthus purpureus D. Don Melastoma procerum Sw. = Conostegia procera (Sw.) DC.
Melastoma dodecandrum Desr. = Miconia dodecandra (Desr.) Cogn. Melastoma punctatum Desr. = Miconia punctata (Desr.) D. Don
Melastoma elatum Sw. = Miconia elata (Sw.) DC. Melastoma purpurascens Vahl ex DC. = Miconia furfuracea (Vahl)
Melastoma elaeagnoides Sw. = Tetrazygia elaeagnoides (Sw.) DC. Griseb.
Melastoma farinulentum Sw. ex Wikstr. = Miconia tetrandra (Sw.) Melastoma pyramidale Desr. = Miconia pyramidalis (Desr.) DC.
D. Don ex G. Don Melastoma racemosum Aubl. = Miconia racemosa (Aubl.) DC.
Melastoma fasciculare Sw. = Henriettea fascicularis (Sw.) Gómez Melastoma ramiflorum Sw. = Henriettea ramiflora (Sw.) DC.
Melastoma favosum Desr. = Miconia ferruginea (Desr.) DC. Melastoma rigidum Sw. = Miconia rigida (Sw.) Triana
Melastoma fulvum Rich. = Miconia chrysophylla (Rich.) Urb. Melastoma rubens Sw. = Miconia rubens (Sw.) Naudin
Melastoma furfuraceum Vahl = Miconia furfuracea (Vahl) Griseb. Melastoma rubiginosum Bonpl. = Miconia rubiginosa (Bonpl.) DC.
Melastoma glabratum Sw. = Calycogonium glabratum (Sw.) DC. Melastoma rubrum Aubl. = Clidemia rubra (Aubl.) Mart.
Melastoma glandulosum Sw. = Tetrazygia hispida (Sw.) Macfad. var. Melastoma scabrosum L. = Sagraea scabrosa (L.) Naudin
hispida
Melastoma semicrenatum Rich. = Miconia cornifolia (Desr.) Naudin
Melastoma granulosum Desr. = Tibouchina granulosa (Desr.) Cogn.
Melastoma sessilifolium L. = Henriettea sessilifolia (L.) Alain
Melastoma hirsutum Sw. = Ossaea hirsuta (Sw.) Triana
Melastoma splendens Sw. = Miconia splendens (Sw.) Griseb.
Melastoma hirtellum Sw. = Ossaea hirtella (Sw.) Triana
Melastoma stenobotrys Rich. = Miconia stenobotrys (Rich.) Naudin
Melastoma hirtum L. = Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don
Melastoma strigillosum Sw. = Clidemia strigillosa (Sw.) DC.
Melastoma hispidum Sw. = Tetrazygia hispida (Sw.) Macfad. var. hispida
Melastoma tetrandrum Sw. = Miconia tetrandra (Sw.) D. Don ex G. Don
Melastoma icosandrum Sw. ex Wikstr. = Conostegia icosandra (Sw. ex
Wikstr.) Urb. Melastoma tomentosum Rich. = Miconia tomentosa (Rich.) D. Don
Melastoma impetiolare Sw. = Miconia impetiolaris (Sw.) D. Don Melastoma trichotomum Desr. = Miconia trichotoma (Desr.) DC.
Melastoma involucratum Desr. = Meriania involucrata (Desr.) Naudin Melastoma trinervium Sw. = Miconia trinervia (Sw.) D. Don ex G. Don
Melastoma laevigatum L. = Miconia laevigata (L.) D. Don Melastoma umbellatum Mill. = Clidemia umbellata (Mill.) L.O.
Williams
Melastoma lanceolatum Desr. = Miconia lanceolata (Desr.) DC.
Melastoma umbrosum Sw. = Clidemia umbrosa (Sw.) Cogn.
Melastoma lateriflorum Vahl = Henriettea lateriflora (Vahl) R.A.
Howard & E.A. Kellogg Melastoma verticillatum Vahl = Clidemia guadalupensis (DC.) Griseb.
Melastoma latifolium Desr. = Clidemia umbrosa (Sw.) Cogn. Melastoma virgatum Sw. = Mecranium virgatum (Sw.) Triana
Melastoma lima Desr. = Ossaea lima (Desr.) Triana Menendezia biflora (Cogn.) Britton = Tetrazygia biflora (Cogn.) Urb.
Melastoma longifolium Aubl. = Miconia longifolia (Aubl.) DC. Menendezia stahlii (Cogn.) Britton = Tetrazygia urbanii Cogn.
Melastoma lutescens = Miconia cornifolia (Desr.) Naudin Menendezia urbanii (Cogn.) Britton = Tetrazygia urbanii Cogn.
Melastoma malabathricum L., Sp. Pl. 390. 1753. Meriania brevipedunculata Judd & Skean, Syst. Bot. 12: 374. 1987.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica and United States (FL); native to Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Malesia. References: 7, 8.
References: 2, 159, 254. Meriania bullifera Griseb. = Meriania purpurea (Sw.) Sw.
Melastoma martinicense Presl. = Charianthus corymbosus (Rich.) Cogn. Meriania ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 37. 1927.
Melastoma micranthum Sw. = Miconia neomicrantha Judd & Skean Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 5, 7.
Melastoma microphyllum Sw. = Ossaea microphylla (Sw.) C. Wright
Meriania involucrata (Desr.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 18:
Melastoma minutiflorum Bonpl. = Miconia minutiflora (Bonpl.) DC.
125. 1852; Melastoma involucratum Desr., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist.
Melastoma montanum Sw. = Conostegia montana (Sw.) D. Don ex DC. Soc. 4: 290. 1823.
Melastoma multiflorum Desr. = Mecranium multiflorum (Desr.) Triana Meriania obtusifolia DC., Prodr. 3: 101. 1828.
Blakea reticulata Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 531. 1913.
Melastoma nodosum Desr. = Charianthus nodosus (Desr.) Triana Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Melastoma octonum Bonpl. = Clidemia octona (Bonpl.) L.O. Williams References: 5, 7, 30.
Melastoma pallens Spreng. = Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. var. Meriania leucantha (Sw.) Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2(1): 826. 1798. Rhexia
bicolor leucantha Sw., Prodr. : 61. 1788, subsp. leucantha
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and
Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Common Names: Cordobán de sabana (Cuba), Georgia white man,
Species. Whiteback (Jamaica).
References: 2, 3, 132, 151, 301.
Meriania leucantha (Sw.) Sw. subsp. nana (Naudin) Borhidi, Bot.
Közlem. 58: 177. 1971; Meriania nana Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Miconia albiviridis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 26. 1926.
Bot., sér. 3, 18: 126. 1852; Meriania leucantha var. nana (Naudin) Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 65. 1871. References: 7, 141.
Meriania rosea Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: 78. 1808. Miconia alloeotricha (Urb.) Judd, Penneys, & Skean, Brittonia 56: 160.
Meriania leucantha (Sw.) Sw. var. angustifolia Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. 2004; Ossaea alloeotricha Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 64. 1929;
Antill. 7: 310. 1912. Leandra alloeotricha (Urb.) Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida State
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 61. 1991.
Meriania leucantha (Sw.) Sw. var. angustifolia Cogn. = Meriania References: 7, 156.
leucantha (Sw.) Sw. subsp. nana (Naudin) Borhidi Miconia alternifolia (Griseb.) Alain, Fl. Cuba 4: 29. 1957; Catachaenia
Meriania nana Naudin = Meriania leucantha (Sw.) Sw. subsp. nana alternifolia Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 9: 55. 1861.
(Naudin) Borhidi Catachaenia parviflora Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 102. 1866.
Miconia grisebachii Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 130. 1871.
Meriania obtusifolia DC. = Meriania involucrata (Desr.) Naudin
Miconia grisebachii Triana var. reticulata Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot.
Meriania parvifolia Judd & Skean, Syst. Bot. 12: 377. 1987. Gart. Berlin 4: 280. 1886.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Miconia pinetorum C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 436.
References: 7, 8. 1868, non Naudin 1850
Meriania purpurea (Sw.) Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2(1): 829. 1798; Rhexia Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
purpurea Sw., Prodr: 64. 1788. References: 3, 141, 151, 156.
Meriania bullifera Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 265. 1860. Miconia ambigua (Bonpl.) DC. = Miconia laevigata (L.) D. Don
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to South America.
Miconia ampla Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 101. 1871.
References: 2, 36.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America,
Meriania rosea Tuss. = Meriania leucantha Sw. subsp. nana (Naudin) and South America.
Borhidi References: 2, 151.
Meriania squamulosa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 28. 1929. Miconia ancistrophora (C. Wright) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). 28: 103. 1871; Tetrazygia ancistrophora C. Wright, Anales Acad.
References: 5, 7. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 465. 1869; Acinodendron ancistrophorum
Miconia abeggii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 35. 1929. (C. Wright) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 950. 1891; Tetrazygiopsis
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). ancistrophora (C. Wright) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 29:
Reference: 7. 187. 1983.
Miconia acinodendron (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 159. 1826; Melastoma References: 3, 149, 287, 350.
acinodendron L., Sp. Pl. 389. 1753.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Martinique), Trinidad, and Miconia andersonii Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 64: 104. 1926.
South America. Miconia caribaea Domin, Preslia 9: 3. 1930.
References: 1, 151, 301. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, St. Vincent).
Common Name: Bois cendre (Lesser Antilles).
Miconia acunae Borhidi, Abstr. Bot. (Budapest) 5: 23. 1977. Reference: 1.
References: 39, 149, 152. Miconia androsaemifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 100. 1866. Tamonea
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of androsaemifolia (Griseb.) Jenn., Ann. Carnegie Mus. 11: 209. 1917.
References: 3, 124.
Miconia adenocalyx Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 41. 1927.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Miconia angulata (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Calycogonium angulatum Griseb.
Reference: 7. Miconia angustiflora var. argyrophylla (A. Rich.) M. Gómez =
Miconia affinis DC., Prodr. 3: 187. 1828. Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. var. bicolor (Benth.) Naudin
Miconia microcarpa DC., Prodr. 3: 189. 1828. Miconia angustifolia (Sw.) Griseb. = Tetrazygia angustifolia (Sw.) DC.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Mexico, and
Miconia antiguensis Urb. = Miconia striata Cogn.
South America.
Common Name: Camasey (Puerto Rico). Miconia apiculata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 48. 1929.
References: 7, 58, 61, 131, 254, 301. Miconia niedenzuana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 45. 1929.
Miconia alainii Judd & Skean, Novon 4: 112. 1994.
Reference: 7.
Reference: 7. Miconia artibonitensis Urb. & Ekman = Miconia stenobotrys (Rich.)
Naudin
Miconia albicans (Sw.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed 2, 2: 139. 1841;
Melastoma albicans Sw., Prodr. 70. 1788. Miconia attenuata DC. = Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC.
number 9 8 • 545
Miconia azuensis Urb. & Ekman = Miconia stenobotrys (Rich.) Naudin Miconia cerasiflora Urb. var. setulifera Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 112. 1923.
Miconia baracoensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 112. 1923.
References: 3, 30.
References: 3, 30. Miconia chlorophylla C. Wright = Miconia delicatula A. Rich.
Miconia barkeri Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 41. 1927. Miconia christii Cogn. = Miconia lanceolata (Desr.) DC.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Miconia christophoriana (Ham.) DC. = Tetrazygia discolor (L.) DC.
Reference: 7.
Miconia chrysandra Griseb. = Graffenrieda chrysandra (Griseb.) Triana
Miconia basilensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 44. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Miconia chrysophylla (Rich.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 459. 1910; Melastoma
Reference: 7. chrysophyllum Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 109. 1792.
Eurychaenia punctata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 259. 1860.
Miconia bicolor (Mill.) Triana = Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. var. Melastoma fulvum Rich. in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt & A.J.A.
bicolor Bonpland, Monogr. Melast. 1: 23. 1807.
Miconia bifaria Urb. & Ekman = Miconia samanensis Urb. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
Miconia bisulcata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 228. 1926.
References: 2, 7, 30, 36, 301.
References: 3, 149. Miconia ciliata (Rich.) DC., Prodr. 3: 179. 1828; Melastoma ciliatum
Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 109. 1792.
Miconia blancheana Urb. = Pachyanthus blancheanus (Urb.) Urb. &
Miconia racemosa (Aubl.) DC. var. urbaniana Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb.
Ekman
Antill. 5: 448. 1908.
Miconia boissieriana Cogn. = Miconia serrulata (DC.) Naudin Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico, Central
Miconia borealis Gleason = Miconia minutiflora (Bonpl). DC. America, and South America.
References: 2, 7, 30, 36, 301.
Miconia brachypoda DC. = Miconia racemosa (Aubl.) DC.
Miconia cinnamomifolia (Jacq.) Triana = Miconia cornifolia (Desr.) Naudin
Miconia bucherae Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Salle” 14: 2. 1955. Miconia coccinea (Rich.) Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Sci. 36: 61. 1991; Melastoma coccineum Rich., Actes Soc. Hist.
References: 3, 152. Nat. Paris 1: 109. 1792; Charianthus coccineus (Rich.) D. Don,
Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 328. 1823.
Miconia buchii Cogn. = Miconia stenobotrys (Rich.) Naudin Distribution: Native to Hispaniola and South America.
Miconia calvescens DC., Prodr. 3: 185. 1828. References: 5, 7, 151.
Distribution: Invasive in Hispaniola; naturalized in Jamaica; native to Miconia collina DC. = Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC.
References: 151, 383. Miconia confusa Cogn. = Miconia obtusa (Griseb.) Triana
Miconia calycina Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 312. 1912. Miconia coniophora Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 42. 1929.
Miconia cubensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright var. latifolia Cogn. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: Reference: 7.
923. 1891. Miconia cordifolia (Alain) Borhidi = Graffenrieda cordifolia Alain
Miconia cubensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright var. minor Cogn. in
Miconia coriacea (Naudin) M. Gómez = Pachyanthus cubensis A. Rich.
A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 933.
1891. Miconia coriacea (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 189. 1828; Melastoma coriaceum
Miconia cubensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright var. nervulosa Cogn. Sw., Prodr. 1: 70. 1788.
in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe) and
933. 1891. Central America.
Miconia haitiensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 47. 1929. Common Name: Cré cré montagne (Lesser Antilles).
Miconia subcorymbosa Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. References: 1, 263.
Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 10. 1925. Miconia cornifolia (Desr.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 126.
Miconia laevigata sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 268. 1851; Melastoma cornifolium Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck,
1881, non (L.) DC. Encycl. 4: 51. 1797; Conostegia cornifolia (Desr.) Ser. ex DC.,
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Prodr. 3: 175. 1828; Tetrazygia cornifolia (Desr.) Griseb., Abh.
and Puerto Rico. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 9: 53. 1861.
References: 3, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 141. Melastoma lutescens Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 3: 17. 1807; Conostegia
Miconia campanensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 18. 1931. lutescens (Vahl.) Ser. ex DC., Prodr. 3: 175. 1828.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Miconia candolleana Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 244. 1851.
Reference: 7. Miconia striata cogn. var. vincentina Domin, Preslia 9: 4. 1930.
Miconia elongata Stehlé & L. Quentin, Fl. Guadeloupe Dépend. &
Miconia candolleana Naudin = Miconia cornifolia (Desr.) Naudin
Martinique 2(3): 91. 1949, nom. illeg.
Miconia capillaris (Sw.) M. Gómez = Sagraea capillaris (Sw.) DC. Melastoma cinnamomifolium Jacq., Collectanea 2: 111. 1789
Miconia caribaea Domin = Miconia andersonii Fawc. & Rendle [“1788”]; Miconia cinnamomifolia (Jacq.) Triana, Trans. Linn.
Soc. London 28: 101. 1871.
Miconia cerasiflora Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 112. 1923, var. cerasiflora Melastoma pictum Vahl, Eclogae Amer. 3: 15. 1807; Miconia picta
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (Vahl) Wurdack, Phytologia 7: 235. 1960.
References: 3, 30.
Melastoma semicrenatum Rich. in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt & A.J.A. Common Name: Palo cacao (Cuba).
Bonpland, Monogr. Melast. 1: 69. 1813; Conostegia semicrenata References: 2. 3, 7, 132.
(Rich.) Ser. ex DC., Prodr. 3: 175. 1828; Tetrazygia semicrenata Miconia elata sensu Bello, non (Sw.) DC. = Miconia impetiolaris (Sw.)
(Rich.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 255. 1860; Miconia semicrenata D. Don
(Rich.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 126. 1850.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Miconia elliptica (C. Wright) M. Gómez = Calycogonium ellipticum
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent). C. Wright
References: 1, 287. Miconia elliptica Macfad. = Miconia splendens Griseb.
Miconia corymbosa (Rich.) Judd & Skean = Charianthus corymbosus Miconia elongata Stehlé & L. Quentin = Miconia cornifolia (Desr.)
(Rich.) Cogn. Naudin
Miconia cuabae Urb. = Henriettea cuabae (Urb.) Borhidi Miconia ernstii Wurdack, Phytologia 11: 385. 1965.
Miconia cubensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica).
Méd. Habana 5: 465. 1868; Pleurochaenia cubensis C. Wright Reference: 1.
ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 101. 1866; Acinodendron cubense (C. Miconia eurychaenioides Griseb. = Miconia elata (Sw.) DC.
Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 951. 1891; Tamonea
Miconia fadyenii (Hook.) Judd & Skean = Tetrazygia fadyenii Hook.
cubensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 142.
1891. Charianthus coccineus sensu Cogn., Monogr. Phan. 7: 714. Miconia favosa (Desr.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 190.
1891, non D. Don. 1851; Melastoma favosum Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Encycl. 4: 47. 1797.
References: 7, 307.
Miconia cubensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright var. latifolia Cogn. =
Miconia calycina Cogn. Miconia ferruginea (Desr.) DC., Prodr. 3: 182. 1828; Melastoma
ferrugineum Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 42. 1797;
Miconia cubensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright var. minor Cogn. =
Eurychaenia ferruginea Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 4:
Miconia calycina Cogn.
42. 1797.
Miconia cubensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright var. nervulosa Cogn. Miconia markgrafii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 41. 1929.
= Miconia calycina Cogn. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Miconia decussata sensu Spreng. = Miconia racemosa (Aubl.) DC. References: 7, 141.
Miconia delicatula A. Rich., Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 566. 1846; Miconia foveolata Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 281.
Tamonea delicatula (A. Rich.) Jenn., Ann. Carnegie Mus. 11: 210. 1886.
1917; Tetrazygia delicatula (A. Rich.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Hung. 23 (1-2): 37. 1977. Common Name: Camasey (Puerto Rico).
Miconia chlorophylla C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: References: 58, 61, 131, 156.
464. 1868. Miconia fuertesii Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 527. 1913.
Common Name: Cordobancillo (Cuba). References: 7, 30, 141, 156.
Miconia furfuracea (Vahl) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 9:
Miconia desportesii Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 496. 1921. 54. 1861; Melastoma furfuracea Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 3: 13. 1807.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Melastoma purpurascens Vahl ex DC., Prodr. 3: 180. 1828, nom. illeg.
References: 7, 30. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Miconia dielsiana Urb., Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 22. 1931. Martinique, St. Lucia).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Common Names: Bwa kót savan, Bwa kót, Bois côte savanne, Bois
References: 7, 141. côte, Caca jacques (Lesser Antilles).
Miconia dodecandra (Desr.) Cogn., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 8: 21. 1886; Note: Reported for Jamaica and South America by Adams (2) in error.
Melastoma dodecandrum Desr., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 274. 1790.
Diplochita fothergilla sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 251. 1860, non DC. Miconia glandulosa (Sw.) Naudin = Tetrazygia hispida (Sw.) Macfad.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles var. hispida
(Dominica), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South Miconia globuliflora Cham. ex Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28:
America. 129. 1871, var. globuliflora
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 30, 301, 311. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Montserrat, Nevis,
Miconia domingensis Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de St. Kitts, St. Lucia), Trinidad, and South America.
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 931. 1891; Acinodendron domingense Common Names: Bois cendre, Bwa kót (Lesser Antilles).
(Cogn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 951. 1891. References: 1, 301.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Miconia globuliflora Cham. ex Triana var. dominicae R.A. Howard &
References: 7, 152. E.A. Kellogg, J. Arnold Arbor. 67: 242. 1986.
Miconia elaeagnoides (Sw.) Griseb. = Tetrazygia elaeagnoides (Sw.) DC. Cremanium sieberi Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 262. 1860.
Miconia elata (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 182. 1828; Melastoma elatum Sw., References: 1, 36, 149.
Prodr. 70. 1788.
Miconia eurychaenioides Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 185. 1860. Miconia globuliflora Cham. ex Triana var. vulcanica (Naudin) R.A.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, and Howard & E.A. Kellogg, J. Arnold Arbor. 67: 243. 1986; Miconia
Central America. vulcanica Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 213. 1850.
number 9 8 • 547
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique, Montserrat, St. Miconia laevigata (L.) D. Don, Hort. Brit. 159. 1826; Melastoma
Lucia). laevigatum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1022. 1759.
References: 1, 149, 151. Melastoma adscendens sensu Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 296. 1825,
non Sw.
Miconia grisebachii Triana = Miconia alternifolia (Griseb.) Alain
Melastoma portoricense Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 61. 1822.
Miconia grisebachii Triana var. reticulata Cogn. = Miconia alternifolia Miconia ambigua (Bonpl.) DC., Prodr. 3: 189. 1828.
(Griseb.) Alain Miconia pyramidalis Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 268. 1881.
Miconia guianensis (Aubl.) Cogn. = Miconia mirabilis (Aubl.) L.O. Miconia pyramidalis (Desr.) DC. var. ciliolata DC., Prodr. 3: 188. 1828.
Williams Miconia racemosa sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 268.
1881, non DC.
Miconia guianensis (Aubl.) Cogn. var. ovalis Cogn. = Miconia mirabilis Miconia trinervis sensu Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser.,
(Aubl.) L.O. Williams 2(1): 80. 1900, non Griseb.
Miconia guianensis (Aubl.) Cogn. var. vulgaris Cogn. = Miconia Miconia virescens (Vahl) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 107.
mirabilis (Aubl.) L.O. Williams 1871.
Miconia haitiensis Urb. & Ekman = Miconia calycina Cogn.
Miconia heterophylla (Naudin) M. Gómez = Calycogonium Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada,
heterophyllum Naudin Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat,
Miconia holosericea sensu Bello, non DC. = Miconia serrulata (DC.) Nevis, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
Naudin Vincent), Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America,
and South America.
Miconia howardiana Judd, Salzman, & Skean, Brittonia 47: 414. 1995. References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 151, 152,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). 301, 323, 340.
References: 7, 156.
Miconia laevigata sensu Bello, non (L.) DC. = Miconia calycina Cogn.
Miconia hypiodes Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 38. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Miconia lanceolata (Desr.) DC., Prodr. 3: 190. 1828; Melastoma
Reference: 7. lanceolatum Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 43. 1797.
Miconia christii Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 6: 27. 1909.
Miconia ibaguensis (Bonpl.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 465. 1868; Melastoma ibaguense Bonpl. in References: 7, 30.
F.W.H.A. von Humboldt & A.J.A. Bonpland, Monogr. Melast. 1:
105. 1815. Miconia leblondii Judd & Skean = Charianthus nodosus (Desr.) Triana
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and Miconia lenticellata Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
South America. La Salle” 14: 3. 1955.
Miconia impetiolaris (Sw.) D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 316. References: 3, 39, 152.
1823; Melastoma impetiolaris Sw., Prodr. 70. 1788. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Miconia elata sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 269. 1881, Cuba (39).
non (Sw.) DC. Miconia leptantha Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 35. 1929.
Miconia wydleriana DC., Coll. Mém. (Melastomacées) 77. 1828. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Miconia macrophylla Macfad., Fl. Jam. 2: 84. 1837. Reference: 7.
Miconia leptoneura Urb. & Ekman = Miconia stenobotrys (Rich.)
Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Montserrat, St.
Naudin
Eustatius, St. Kitts), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Cordobán, Cristo verde, Quitasolillo (Cuba), Auquey, Miconia lima (Desr.) M. Gómez = Ossaea lima (Desr.) Triana
Jático (Dominican Republic), Jao-jao, Macrioi, Trois côtes (Haiti), Miconia lindeniana (Naudin) M. Gómez = Calycogonium lindenianum
Camasey de costilla (Puerto Rico). Naudin
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 152, 239, 340.
Miconia longifolia (Aubl.) DC., Prodr. 3: 184. 1828; Melastoma
Miconia javorkaeana Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 29: 187. longifolium Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 432. 1775; Chaenopleura
1983; Graffenrieda cordifolia Alain, Contrib. Ocas. Mus. Hist. longifolia (Aubl.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 260. 1860.
Nat. Col. de La Salle. Habana 14:1. 1955; Miconia cordifolia Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico,
(Alain) Borhidi. Abstr. Bot., 5: 32 1977, nom. illeg., non Wurdack. Central America, and South America.
References: 3, 39, 149, 152.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Miconia luciana Gleason, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 334. 1947.
Cuba (39). Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia).
Common Names: Bois cendre, Bwa senn (Lesser Antilles).
Miconia jimenezii Judd & R.S. Beaman, Brittonia 40: 386. 1988. Reference: 1.
References: 7, 8. Miconia luteola Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 6: 26. 1909.
Miconia viejana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 20. 1931.
Miconia krugii Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Monogr. Phan. 7: 932. 1891. References: 7, 141.
Miconia ocoana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 20. 1931.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Miconia macayana Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci.
Reference: 7. 32: 145. 1987.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Miconia mornicola A.C. Nicolson, Phytologia 68: 120. 1990.
References: 7, 156. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica).
Reference: 31.
Miconia macrophylla (Pav. ex D. Don) Triana = Miconia serrulata
(DC.) Naudin Miconia multiglandulosa Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 448.
1908.
Miconia macrophylla Macfad. = Miconia impetiolaris (Sw.) D. Don
Miconia mansfeldiana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 21. 1931. References: 7, 141.
Miconia multispicata Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 131. 1851.
Reference: 7.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Trinidad, Central America, and South
Miconia markgrafii Urb. & Ekman = Miconia ferruginea (Desr.) DC. America.
Miconia martinicensis Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de References: 2, 151, 301.
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 913. 1891. Miconia nematophora Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 34. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Miconia matthaei Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 176. 1851. Miconia neomicrantha Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol.
Miconia wilsonii Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 311. 1912. Sci. 36: 62. 1991; Melastoma micranthum Sw., Prodr. 71. 1788;
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, Central America, and Octopleura micrantha (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 260. 1860;
South America. Ossaea micrantha (Sw.) Macfad. ex Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle
References: 2, 3, 30, 301. & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 1066. 1891, non Cogn.
Miconia microcarpa DC. = Miconia affinis DC. Sagraea neurocarpa Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 18: 94. 1852.
Ossaea caudata Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle,
Miconia microphylla (C. Wright) M. Gómez = Calycogonium Monogr. Phan. 7: 1066. 1891.
microphyllum C. Wright Ossaea tetragona Cogn., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 30: 265. 1891.
Miconia minutiflora (Bonpl.) DC., Prodr. 3: 189. 1828; Melastoma Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Jamaica and Hispaniola.
minutiflorum Bonpl. in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt & A.J.A. References: 2, 5, 7, 36, 151.
Bonpland, Monogr. Melast. 1: 50. 1809. Miconia niedenzuana Urb. & Ekman = Miconia apiculata Urb. & Ekman
Miconia borealis Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 55: 118. 1928.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Margarita, Mexico, Central Miconia nubicola Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 42. 1967.
America, and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Miconia minutiflora sensu Cogn., non (Bonpl.) DC. = Miconia rubens Species.
(Sw.) Naudin
Miconia nystroemii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 114. 1923.
Miconia mirabilis (Aubl.) L.O. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 29: 574. 1963; Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Fothergilla mirabilis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 441. 1775. References: 3, 30.
Diplochita fothergilla DC., Prodr. 3: 176. 1828.
Miconia guianensis (Aubl.) Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 280. Miconia obtusa (Griseb.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 103.
1886; Tamonea guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 441. 1775. 1871;Graffenrieda obtusa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 103. 1866;
Miconia guianensis (Aubl.) Cogn. var. ovalis Cogn. in C.F.P. von Acinodendron obtusum (Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 952.
Martius, Fl. Bras. 14(4): 246. 1887. 1891.
Miconia guianensis (Aubl.) Cogn. var. vulgaris Cogn. in C.F.P. von Charianthus obliquus Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 189. 1860; Calycogonium
Martius, Fl. Bras. 14(4): 246. 1887. obliquum (Griseb.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Miconia punctata sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 268. Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 947. 1891.
1881, non (Desr.) D. Don. Miconia praecox C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 436.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands 1868; Tamonea praecox (C. Wright) Jenn., Ann. Carnegie Mus.
(Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, 11: 211. 1917.
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Miconia confusa Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle,
Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, Monogr. Phan. 7: 759. 1891.
and South America. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Tres filos (Dominican Republic), Bwa kót (Lesser References: 3, 124, 152, 287.
Antilles), Camasey blanco, Camasey de costilla (Puerto Rico), Bois Miconia ocoana Urb. & Ekman = Miconia krugii Cogn.
côtes (St. Lucia).
Miconia oleifolia (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Pachyanthus oleifolius Griseb.
References: 1, 3, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 151, 152, 231, 301, 340.
Miconia ossaeifolia Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 36. 1929.
Miconia moensis (Britton) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
“De La Salle” 14: 4. 1955; Tamonea moensis Britton, Mem.
Reference: 7.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Miconia ossaeiformis Naudin = Mecranium purpurascens (DC.) Triana
References: 3, 14, 152. Miconia ottoschulzii Urb. & Ekman = Graffenrieda ottoschulzii (Urb.
Miconia monciona Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 17. 1931. & Ekman) Urb.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Miconia pachyphylla Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 279.
Reference: 7. 1886.
Miconia monocephala Urb. = Pachyanthus monocephalus (Urb.) Borhidi Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
number 9 8 • 549
Common Name: Camasey racimoso (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Trinidad,
References: 58, 131. Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Auquey, Rajador, Tres filos (Dominican Republic),
Miconia pallens (Spreng.) Triana = Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. var.
Auquey bobo, Jau-jau (Haiti), Camasey (Puerto Rico).
bicolor
References: 3, 7, 58, 123, 131, 301, 311.
Miconia penninervis (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Sagraea penninervis
Miconia punctata sensu Bello, non (Desr.) D. Don = Miconia mirabilis
(Griseb.) Triana
(Aubl.) L.O. Williams
Miconia perelegans Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 226. 1926.
Miconia purpuracea (Vahl) Stehlé & L. Quentin = Miconia furfuracea
(Vahl) Griseb.
References: 3, 39, 149, 427.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Miconia purpurea (D. Don) Judd & Skean = Charianthus purpureus
Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened D. Don
Species. Miconia pycnoneura Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 162. 1921.
Miconia petersonii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 115. 1923. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Name: Camasey (Puerto Rico).
Miconia picta (Vahl) Wurdack = Miconia cornifolia (Desr.) Naudin Miconia pyramidalis Bello = Miconia laevigata (L.) D. Don
Miconia pinetorum C. Wright = Miconia alternifolia (Griseb.) Alain Miconia pyramidalis (Desr.) DC., Prodr. 3: 188. 1828; Melastoma
pyramidalis Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 53. 1797.
Miconia plumieri Urb. & Ekman = Miconia subcompressa Urb.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola, and
Miconia plumieriifolia Britton & P. Wilson = Miconia rufa (Griseb.) Puerto Rico.
Triana References: 7, 151, 254, 309.
Miconia poiretii (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Pachyanthus poiretii Griseb. Miconia pyramidalis (Desr.) DC. var. ciliolata DC. = Miconia laevigata
Miconia praecox C. Wright = Miconia obtusa (Griseb.) Triana (L.) D. Don
Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 188. 1828; Melastoma prasinum Miconia quadrangularis (Sw.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16:
Sw., Prodr. 69. 1788. 197. 1851; Pleurochaenia quadrangularis (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit.
Miconia attenuata DC., Prodr. 3: 186. 1828; Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC. W. I. 260. 1860.
var. attenuata (DC.) Cogn. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 14(4): Miconia quadrangularis (Sw.) Naudin var. glandulosa Proctor, Bull.
317. 1887. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 45. 1967.
Miconia collina DC., Prodr. 3: 185. 1828. Miconia quadrangularis (Sw.) Naudin f. latifolia Cogn. subf. nervulosa
Miconia pteropoda Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 314. 1840. Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 281. 1886.
Miconia trichotoma sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 268. Miconia quadrangularis (Sw.) Naudin f. minor Cogn., Jahrb. Königl.
1881, non DC. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 281. 1886.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Virgin Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Grenadines, Guadeloupe, References: 2, 36, 149, 287.
Martinique, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Margarita, Mexico, Central Miconia quadrangularis (Sw.) Naudin var. glandulosa Proctor =
America, and South America. Miconia quadrangularis (Sw.) Naudin
Common Names: Cenizoso, Granadillo, Granadillo blanco, Granadillo
Miconia quadrangularis (Sw.) Naudin f. latifolia Cogn. subf. nervulosa
bobo, Granadillo cenizoso (Dominican Republic), Jau-jau, Jai-jau,
Cogn. = Miconia quadrangularis (Sw.) Naudin
Jai-jai (Haiti), Camasey (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 231, 301, 323, 340. Miconia quadrangularis (Sw.) Naudin f. minor Cogn. = Miconia
quadrangularis (Sw.) Naudin
Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC. var. attenuata (DC.) Cogn. = Miconia
prasina (Sw.) DC. Miconia racemosa (Aubl.) DC., Prodr. 3: 179. 1828; Melastoma
racemosum Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 406. 1775.
Miconia producta (C. Wright) M. Gómez = Calycogonium
Miconia brachypoda DC., Prodr. 3: 180. 1828.
heterophyllum Naudin
Miconia decussata sensu Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 295. 1825, non
Miconia pseudorigida Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 42. Vahl
1967. Miconia racemosa (Aubl.) DC. var. ciliata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 258.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. 1860.
References: 2, 149, 427. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened (Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, and South
Species. America.
Miconia pteroclada Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 229. 1926. Common Names: Camasey de felpa, Terciopelo (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 1, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 131, 151, 301, 340.
References: 3, 141, 156. Miconia racemosa sensu Bello, non DC. = Miconia laevigata (L.)
Miconia pteropoda Benth. = Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC. D. Don
Miconia pterosepala Urb. = Clidemia pterosepala (Urb.) Alain Miconia racemosa (Aubl.) DC. var. ciliata Griseb. = Miconia racemosa
(Aubl.) DC.
Miconia punctata (Desr.) D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 316.
1823; Melastoma punctatum Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Miconia racemosa (Aubl.) DC. var. urbaniana Cogn. = Miconia ciliata
Encycl. 4: 50. 1797. (Rich.) DC.
Miconia rangeliana C. Wright ex Griseb. = Tetrazygia laxiflora Naudin Miconia semicrenata (Rich.) Naudin = Miconia cornifolia (Desr.)
Naudin
Miconia remotiflora Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 113. 1923.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Miconia septentrionalis Judd & R.S. Beaman, Brittonia 40: 383. 1988.
References: 3, 30. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
References: 7, 8.
Miconia rhombifolia Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
La Salle” 14: 4. 1955. Miconia serrulata (DC.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 118.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 1851; Diplochita serrulata DC., Prodr. 3: 177. 1828.
References: 3, 152. Miconia boissieriana Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Miconia rigida (Sw.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 130. 1871;
Miconia holosericea sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 269.
Melastoma rigidum Sw., Prodr. 69. 1788; Pleurochaenia rigida
1881, non DC.
(Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 260. 1860.
Chitonia macrophylla Pav. ex D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4:
319. 1823; Miconia macrophylla (Pav. ex D. Don) Triana, Trans.
Linn. Soc. London 28: 103. 1871; Tamonea macrophylla (Pav. ex
Note: Doubtfully in Hispaniola.
D. Don) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 142. 1891.
Miconia rigidissima Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 26. 1926. Tamonea tomentosa (Rich.) Krasser var. auriculata Jenn., Ann.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Carnegie Mus. 11: 208. 1917.
References: 7, 149. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Miconia rosmarinifolia (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Calycogonium Islands (St. Thomas), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and
rosmarinifolium Griseb. subsp. rosmarinifolium South America.
Common Names: Ahoquey, Auquey (Dominican Republic), Jau-jau
Miconia rubens (Sw.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 169. (Haiti), Camasey (Puerto Rico).
1851; Melastoma rubens Sw., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 169. References: 2, 3, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 151, 287, 301, 313, 340.
1851.
Miconia minutiflora sensu Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Miconia shaferi Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 312. 1912.
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 855. 1891, non (Bonpl.) DC. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 2, 30, 151. Miconia sintenisii Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 281. 1886;
Miconia rubiginosa (Bonpl.) DC., Prodr. 3: 183. 1828; Melastoma Acinodendron sintenisii (Cogn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 952.
rubiginosum Bonpl. in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt & A.J.A. 1891.
Bonpland, Monogr. Melast. 1: 10. 1816. Miconia sintenisii Cogn. var. integrifolia Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, and South Gart. Berlin 4: 282. 1886.
America. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Common Names: Peralejo (Dominican Republic), Camasey (Puerto Common Name: Camasey (Puerto Rico).
Rico). References: 58, 61, 131, 151, 152.
References: 7, 58, 61, 131, 301. Miconia sintenisii Cogn. var. integrifolia Cogn. = Miconia sintenisii Cogn.
Miconia rufa (Griseb.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 130. 1871; Miconia skeaniana Judd, Sida 16: 226. 1994.
Catachaenia rufa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 102. 1866. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Miconia plumieriifolia Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: Reference: 156.
45. 1923.
Miconia sphagnicola Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 19. 1931.
Reference: 7.
Miconia samanensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 46. 1929.
Miconia splendens (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 256. 1860; Melastoma
Miconia bifaria Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 25. 1931.
splendens Sw., Prodr. 70. 1788.
Miconia elliptica Macfad., Fl. Jam. 2: 88. 1837.
References: 7, 141.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad,
Miconia santanana Judd & Skean, Brittonia 46: 99. 1994. Central America, and South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). References: 2, 7, 58, 151, 301.
References: 7, 156.
Miconia stahlii (Cogn.) M. Gómez = Tetrazygia urbanii Cogn.
Miconia secunda R.A. Howard & E.A. Kellogg, J. Arnold Arbor. 67:
Miconia stenobotrys (Rich.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16:
250. 1986.
240. 1851; Melastoma stenobotrys Rich. in F.W.H. von Humboldt,
A.J.A. Bonpland, Monogr. Melast.1: 66. 1813.
Reference: 1.
Miconia artibonitensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 43. 1929.
Miconia secundo-angustifolia M. Gómez = Pachyanthus angustifolius Miconia azuensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 50. 1929.
Griseb. Miconia buchii Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 448. 1908.
Miconia secundo-lanceolata M. Gómez = Calycogonium lanceolatum Miconia leptoneura Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 49. 1929.
Griseb. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 7, 30, 141, 149.
Miconia selleana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 27. 1926.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Miconia striata Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle,
Common Name: Jático (Dominican Republic). Monogr. Phan. 7: 765. 1891.
References: 7, 141. Miconia antiguensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 162. 1921.
number 9 8 • 551
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Miconia trinervis sensu Millsp., non Griseb. = Miconia laevigata (L.)
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia) and D. Don
Trinidad. Miconia triplinervis Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 105. 1798.
References: 1, 152, 156, 287, 301. Miconia trinervis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 257. 1860.
Miconia subcompressa Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 45. 1921. Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and South
Miconia plumieri Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 38. 1929 [as America.
plumerii]. References: 2, 36.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Miconia turquinensis Urb. & Ekman, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
References: 7, 141. 22: 228. 1926.
Miconia subcorymbosa Britton = Miconia calycina Cogn. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 141.
Miconia tetrandra (Sw.) D. Don ex G. Don in J.C. Loudon, Hort.
Brit. 174. 1830; Melastoma tetrandrum Sw., Prodr. 72. 1788; Miconia uninervis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Cremanium tetrandrum (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 262. Salle” 14: 4. 1955.
1860; Tetrazygia tetrandra (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 172. 1828; Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Acinodendron tetrandrum (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 953. References: 3, 39, 152.
Melastoma farinulentum Sw. ex Wikstr., Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Cuba (39).
1827: 65. 1827. Miconia urceolata Urb. = Tetrazygia urceolata (Urb.) Borhidi
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Miconia vernicosa Naudin = Miconia thomasiana DC.
Guadeloupe). Miconia victorinii Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Common Names: Rajador, Rajidor, Yarador (Dominican Republic), Salle” 14: 5. 1955.
Camasey (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 36, 58, 61, 123, 131, 301. References: 3, 152.
Miconia tetrastoma Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 236. 1851. Miconia viejana Urb. & Ekman = Miconia luteola Cogn.
Distribution: Endemic to the West Indies; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
Miconia virescens (Vahl) Triana = Miconia laevigata (L.) D. Don
References: 3, 7.
Miconia viscidula Urb. & Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 527. 1913.
Miconia tetrazygioides Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 37. 1929.
References: 7, 30, 141, 156.
References: 7, 283.
Miconia vulcanica Naudin = Miconia globuliflora Cham. ex Triana var.
Miconia theaezans (Bonpl.) Cogn. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras.
vulcanica (Naudin) R.A. Howard & E.A. Kellogg
14(4): 419. 1888.
Distribution: Exotic (unconfirmed) in Jamaica; native to Central Miconia wilsonii Cogn. = Miconia matthaei Naudin
America and South America. Miconia wrightii (Griseb.) Triana = Pachyanthus wrightii Griseb.
References: 2, 151.
Miconia wydleriana DC. = Miconia impetiolaris (Sw.) D. Don
Miconia thomasiana DC., Prodr. 3: 189. 1828.
Melastoma coriaceum Juss. ex DC., non Sw., Prodr. 3: 190. 1828. Miconia xenotricha Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 32. 1929.
Miconia vernicosa Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 191. 1851. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Thomas). Reference: 7.
Common Name: Camasey (Puerto Rico). Miconia zanonii Judd, Skean, & R.S. Beaman, Brittonia 40: 208. 1988.
References: 30, 58, 61, 75, 131, 152. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Miconia tomentosa (Rich.) D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: References: 7, 8, 156.
316. 1823; Melastoma tomentosum Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Microlicia limnobios DC. = Acisanthera limnobios (DC.) Triana
Paris 1: 109. 1792.
Mommsenia apleura Urb. & Ekman = Calycogonium apleurum (Urb.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and
& Ekman) Judd & Skean
South America.
References: 3, 151, 301. Mouriri acuta Griseb. = Mouriri myrtilloides (Sw.) Poir. subsp. acuta
(Griseb.) Morley
Miconia trichotoma (Desr.) DC., Prodr. 3: 188. 1828; Melastoma
trichotomum Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 53. 1797. Mouriri brachypoda Urb. & Ekman = Mouriri spathulata Griseb. var.
Cremanium rivoeriae Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 262. 1860. brachypoda (Urb. & Ekman) Morley
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Mouriri buxifolia Urb. = Mouriri helleri Britton var. samanensis (Urb.)
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia); doubtful to Trinidad. Morley
References: 1, 30, 36, 151, 301.
Mouriri crassisepala Morley, Novon 3: 274. 1993.
Miconia trichotoma sensu Bello, non DC. = Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Miconia trinervia (Sw.) D. Don ex G. Don in J.C. Loudon, Hort. Brit. Common Name: Guayabillo (Dominican Republic).
174. 1830; Melastoma trinervium Sw., Prodr. 69. 1788. References: 7, 8.
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and South Mouriri domingensis (Tussac) Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. 4: 276. 1835;
America. Petaloma domingensis Tussac, Fl. Antill. 3: 119. 1824.
References: 2, 151. Aulacocarpus quadrangularis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 239. 1860.
Miconia trinervis Griseb. = Miconia triplinervis Ruiz & Pav. Eugenia tetrasperma Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 271. 1881.
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Mouriri myrtilloides (Sw.) Poir. subsp. acuta (Griseb.) Morley, Brittonia
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, 23: 423. 1971; Mouriri acuta Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 92. 1866.
Guadeloupe). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Names: Guayaba cimarrona, Piragua (Dominican Republic), References: 3, 99.
Cormier (Haiti), Bois mêle, Mêle (Lesser Antilles), Caimitillo, Mouriri plinioides Urb. = Mouriri gonavensis Urb. & Ekman var.
Guasávara, Murta (Puerto Rico). hottensis (Urb. & Ekman) Morley
References: 1, 5, 7, 30, 36, 58, 61, 75, 99, 123, 131, 152, 340.
Mouriri purpurascens Urb. = Votomita monantha (Urb.) Morley
Mouriri domingensis sensu Bello, non (Tussac) Spach = Mouriri helleri
Britton var. helleri Mouriri rostrata Urb. = Mouriri emarginata Griseb. var. rostrata (Urb.)
Morley
Mouriri emarginata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 92. 1866, var. emarginata
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Mouriri samanensis Urb. = Mouriri helleri Britton var. samanensis
Common Name: Palo de hierro (Cuba). (Urb.) Morley
References: 3, 99. Mouriri spathulata Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 183. 1860, var. spathulata
Mouriri emarginata Griseb. var. rostrata (Urb.) Morley, Brittonia 9: Mouriri lanceolata Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 183. 1860.
129. 1957; Mouriri rostrata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Mouriri maestralis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 126. 1923.
22: 240. 1926. Aulacocarpus wrightii Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 90. 1866.
References: 3, 39, 99. Common Name: Mirto del país (Cuba).
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 3, 99, 132, 151.
Cuba (39). Mouriri spathulata Griseb. var. brachypoda (Urb. & Ekman) Morley,
Mouriri gonavensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 102. 1929, var. Brittonia 9: 123. 1957; Mouriri brachypoda Urb. & Ekman, Ark.
gonavensis Bot. 22A(17): 67. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 5, 7, 99. Common Name: Piragua (Dominican Republic).
References: 5, 7, 99, 123.
Mouriri gonavensis Urb. & Ekman var. hottensis (Urb. & Ekman)
Morley, Brittonia 9: 127. 1957; Mouriri hottensis Urb. & Ekman, Mouriri valenzuelana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 67. 1929. Vasc. 575. 1845.
Mouriri plinioides Urb., Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 32. 1931. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Common Names: Lebrero, Mano-pilón, Mastuerzo, Palo torcido,
References: 5, 7, 99. Torcido (Cuba).
Mouriri guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 452. 1775.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Vincent); native Naudinia argyrophylla A. Rich. = Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. var.
to Trinidad and South America. bicolor
References: 1, 99, 301. Naudinia chrysophylla A. Rich. = Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. var.
Mouriri helleri Britton, Torreya 2: 10. 1902, var. helleri bicolor
Mouriri domingensis sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 270. Nepsera aquatica (Aubl.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 13: 28.
1881, non (Tussac) Spach. 1850; Melastoma aquaticum Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 430.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. 1775.
Common Name: Mameyuelo (Puerto Rico). Homonoma aridum Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 269. 1881.
References: 30, 58, 61, 99, 131, 340. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Mouriri helleri Britton var. samanensis (Urb.) Morley, Brittonia 9: 125. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
1957; Mouriri samanensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat,
342. 1924. St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Central
Mouriri buxifolia Urb., Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 31. 1931. America, and South America.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Common Names: Altea amarilla, Camasey de ciénaga, Camasey enano
References: 7, 99, 156. (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 131, 151, 152, 301, 340.
Mouriri hottensis Urb. & Ekman = Mouriri gonavensis Urb. & Ekman
var. hottensis (Urb. & Ekman) Morley Octopleura micrantha (Sw.) Griseb. = Miconia neomicrantha Judd &
Skean
Mouriri lanceolata Griseb. = Mouriri spathulata Griseb. var. spathulata
Ossaea abbottii Urb. = Sagraea abbottii (Urb.) Alain
Mouriri lancifolia Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 68. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Ossaea acuminata DC. = Mecranium acuminatum (DC.) Skean
References: 5, 7, 99. Ossaea acunae Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Mouriri maestralis Urb. = Mouriri spathulata Griseb. var. spathulata Salle” 15: 7. 1956.
Mouriri monantha Urb. = Votomita monantha (Urb.) Morley Reference: 3.
Mouriri myrtilloides (Sw.) Poir., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 33: 163. 1824, Ossaea alloeotricha Urb. = Miconia alloeotricha (Urb.) Judd
subsp. myrtilloides; Petaloma myrtilloides Sw., Prodr. 73. 1788.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Ossaea anomala Borhidi, Abstr. Bot. (Budapest) 5: 31. 1977.
Jamaica. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
number 9 8 • 553
Ossaea asperifolia (Naudin) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 147. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
1871; Clidemia asperifolia Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 17: References: 3, 39.
Clidemia lima sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 248. 1860, non DC. Cuba (39).
Leandra eggersiana Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Ossaea fascicularis (Sw.) Griseb. = Henriettea fascicularis (Sw.) Gómez
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 641. 1891; Ossaea eggersiana (Cogn.)
Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 406. 1921. Ossaea filisepala Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 238. 1926.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Ossaea baracoensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. Cuba (39).
17: 20. 1972 [“1971”], var. baracoensis.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ossaea furfuracea Urb., Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 49. 1927.
Cuba (39). Note: Considered by Liogier (7) a synonym of Calycogonium
reticulatum (Cogn.) Judd & Skean
Ossaea baracoensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz var. ovalifolia Borhidi & O.
Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 20. 1972 [“1971”]. Ossaea glomerata (Naudin) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28:
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 146. 1871; Sagraea glomerata Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3,
Reference: 149. 18: 96. 1852. Leandra glomerata (Naudin) Judd & Skean, Bull.
Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 60. 1991.
Ossaea barahonensis Urb. & Ekman = Sagraea barahonensis (Urb. & Clidemia cinerea Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 97. 1866.
Ekman) Alain Ossaea lanceolata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 30. 1926.
Ossaea birimosa Naudin = Mecranium birimosum (Naudin) Triana Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
and Jamaica.
Ossaea brachystemon Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 239. 1926.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 124, 151, 287.
Reference: 3. Ossaea gracilis Alain = Sagraea gracilis (Alain) Alain
Ossaea brunescens Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 234. 1926. Ossaea granulata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 125. 1923.
Ossaea capillaris (Sw.) C. Wright = Sagraea capillaris (Sw.) DC. Ossaea grisebachii Triana = Ossaea neurotricha C. Wright
Ossaea capitata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 237. 1926. Ossaea heterotricha (Griseb.) C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Habana 5: 434. 1869; Clidemia heterotricha Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.
Reference: 3. 96. 1866; Calycogonium heterotrichum (Griseb.) Triana, Trans.
Linn. Soc. London 28: 96. 1871.
Ossaea caudata Cogn. = Miconia neomicrantha Judd & Skean
Ossaea ciliata Alain = Ossaea moaensis Alain References: 3, 124, 350.
Ossaea cinerea Cogn. = Sagraea cinerea (Cogn.) Alain Ossaea hirsuta (Sw.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 146. 1871;
Ossaea costata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 235. 1926. Melastoma hirsutum Sw., Prodr. 72. 1788; Sagraea hirsuta (Sw.)
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. DC., Prodr. 3: 171. 1828;Clidemia hirsuta (Sw.) Griseb., Fl.
References: 3, 39. Brit. W. I. 248. 1860; Leandra hirsuta (Sw.) Judd & Skean, Bull.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 61. 1991.
References: 2, 36.
Ossaea cubana Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Salle” 14: 11. 1955. Ossaea hirtella (Sw.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 146. 1871;
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Melastoma hirtellum Sw., Prodr. 72. 1788; Clidemia hirtella (Sw.)
Reference: 3. Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 249. 1860.
Ossaea curvipila Urb. & Ekman = Sagraea curvipila (Urb. & Ekman) References: 2, 36, 149.
Alain
Ossaea hotteana Urb. & Ekman = Henriettea hotteana (Urb. & Ekman)
Ossaea domingensis Cogn. = Sagraea scalpta (Vent.) Naudin Alain
Ossaea echinata (Griseb.) M. Gómez = Ossaea pauciflora (Naudin) Ossaea humilis Urb. & Ekman = Ossaea parvifolia Alain
Urb. var. pauciflora
Ossaea hybophylla Urb., Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 51. 1927; Leandra
Ossaea eggersiana (Cogn.) Urb. = Ossaea asperifolia (Naudin) Triana hybophylla (Urb.) Alain, Sida 18: 1026. 1999.
Ossaea ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 123. 1923. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
References: 3, 30. Ossaea hypoglauca (C. Wright ex Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp.
Ossaea ellipsoidea Urb. & Ekman = Sagraea ellipsoidea (Urb. & Hist. Nat. 23: 70. 1894; Calycogonium hypoglaucum C. Wright
Ekman) Alain ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 94. 1866.
Ossaea elliptica Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Salle” 15: 8. 1956.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Ossaea lomensis Urb. = Calycogonium lomense (Urb.) Judd & Skean
Cuba (39). Ossaea macrandra (C. Wright) Millsp. = Clidemia macrandra (C.
Ossaea inaequidens Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 63. 1929; Wright) Cogn.
Leandra inaequidens (Urb. & Ekman) Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida Ossaea marigotiana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 65. 1929;
State Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 61. 1991. Leandra marigotiana (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Sida 18: 1026. 1999;
Ossaea integrifolia Naudin var. latifolia Naudin = Mecranium Ossaea micarensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 238. 1926.
integrifolium (Naudin) Triana subsp. integrifolium Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Ossaea involucrata (Griseb.) C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana Reference: 3.
5: 434. 1868; Calycogonium involucratum Griseb., Mem. Amer. Ossaea micrantha (Sw.) Macfad. ex Cogn. = Miconia neomicrantha
Acad. Arts n.s., 8: 184. 1861. Ossaea involucrata (Griseb.) Triana, Judd & Skean
Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 147. 1871 [comb. superfl.].
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ossaea microphylla (Sw.) C. Wright, Anal. Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana
Reference: 152. 5: 434. 1868. Ossaea microphylla (Sw.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London 28: 146. 1871 [comb. superfl.]; Melastoma microphyllum
Ossaea krugiana Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Sw., Prodr. 72. 1788; Sagraea microphylla (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3:
Monogr. Phan. 7: 1048. 1891; Leandra krugiana (Cogn.) Judd & 171. 1828; Clidemia microphylla (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. :
Skean, Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 61. 1991. 248. 1860.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Rhexia diffusa Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 307. 1825.
References: 58, 61, 149, 349. Ossaea pratensis Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 2: 48. 1850; Leandra pratensis
Ossaea krugii (Cogn.) Michelangeli & Bécquer, comb. nov; (Macfad.) Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci. 36
Calycogonium krugii Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: (2): 61. 1991.
278. 1886; Leandra krugii (Cogn.) Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica.
State Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 61. 1991. References: 2, 3, 149, 151.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Ossaea moaensis Alain, Brittonia 20: 158. 1968; Ossaea ciliata Alain,
References: 58, 61, 149. Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 14: 10 1955,
Ossaea lanata (Naudin) C. Wright ex Griseb., Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. nom. illeg., non (Triana) Cogn.
Habana 5: 434. 1868; Sagraea lanata Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
sér. 3, 18: 97. 1852. Maieta lanata (Naudin) M. Gómez, Anales References: 3, 152.
Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 71. 1894. Ossaea munizii Borhidi, Abstr. Bot. (Budapest) 5: 30. 1977.
Ossaea lanceifolia Urb. = Sagraea lanceifolia (Urb.) Alain Ossaea muricata (Griseb.) C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana
Ossaea lanceolata Urb. & Ekman = Ossaea glomerata (Naudin) Triana 5: 434. 1869; Calycogonium muricatum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 95.
1866.
Ossaea lateriflora (Vahl) DC. = Henriettea lateriflora (Vahl) R.A.
Howard & E.A. Kellogg
References: 3, 124.
Ossaea leucandra (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright = Clidemia
Ossaea navasensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 93.
leucandra C. Wright ex Griseb. var. leucandra
1920.
Ossaea lima (Desr.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 147. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
1871; Melastoma lima Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. References: 3, 156.
4: 47. 1797; Clidemia lima (Desr.) DC., Prodr. 3: 161. 1828;
Ossaea neurotricha C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 435.
Sagraea lima (Desr.) Naudin, Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3. 17: 99. 1852;
1869; Maieta neurotrica (C. Wright) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp.
Calycogonium lima (Desr.) Griseb, Cat. Pl. Cub. 95. 1866;
Hist. Nat. 23: 70. 1894.
Miconia lima (Desr.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23:
Ossaea grisebachii Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 146. 1871.
69. 1894; Leandra lima (Desr.) Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida State
Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 61. 1991.
Ossaea lima var. grandifolia Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Cuba (39).
Ossaea lima var. ovalifolia Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 531. 1913.
Distribution: Endemic to the West Indies; Native to Cuba and Ossaea nipensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 93.
Hispaniola. 1920, var. nipensis
References: 3, 156.
Ossaea lima var. grandifolia Cogn. = Ossaea lima (Desr.) Triana
Ossaea nipensis Britton & P. Wilson var. longipetiolata Borhidi & O.
Ossaea lima var. ovalifolia Cogn. = Ossaea lima (Desr.) Triana
Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 20. 1972 [“1971”].
Ossaea limoides Urb., Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 50. 1927; Leandra limoides Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
(Urb.) Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 61. Reference: 149.
1991.
Ossaea norlindii Urb. = Ossaea turquinensis Urb.
Reference: 7. Ossaea ottoschmidtii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 6. 1927.
number 9 8 • 555

Ossaea ovatifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 123. 1923. Ossaea rufescens (Griseb.) C. Wright var. pilifera Borhidi, Abstr. Bot.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (Budapest) 5: 30. 1977.
Reference: 152.
Ossaea parvifolia Alain, Brittonia 20: 158. 1968; Leandra humilis
(Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Sida 18: 1026. 1999, nom. illeg.; non Ossaea scabrosa (L.) DC. = Sagraea scabrosa (L.) Naudin
(Cogn.) Wurdack; Ossaea humilis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. Ossaea scalpta (Vent.) DC. = Sagraea scalpta (Vent.) Naudin
22A(17): 66. 1929, nom. illeg., non Cogn.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Ossaea setulosa Urb. = Sagraea setulosa (Urb.) Alain
References: 7, 149, 152. Ossaea shaferi Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 92.
Ossaea pauciflora (Naudin) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 1920.
235. 1926, var. pauciflora; Sagraea pauciflora Naudin, Ann. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 18: 100. 1852; Calycogonium pauciflorum References: 3, 156.
(Naudin) C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 6: 72. 1869. Ossaea sparsiflora DC. = Henriettea lateriflora (Vahl) R.A. Howard &
Calycogonium echinatum Griseb., Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 184. E.A. Kellogg
1861; Ossaea echinata (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist.
Ossaea tetragona Cogn. = Miconia neomicrantha Judd & Skean
Nat. 23: 70. 1894.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ossaea trianaei Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle,
References: 3, 151, 152. Monogr. Phan. 7: 1057. 1891.
Ossaea pauciflora (Naudin) Urb. var. parvifolia Borhidi, Abstr. Bot.
Reference: 3.
(Budapest) 5: 31. 1977.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ossaea trichopetala C. Wright = Clidemia leucandra C. Wright ex
Reference: 152. Griseb.
Ossaea penninervis (Griseb.) C. Wright = Sagraea penninervis (Griseb.) Ossaea trichotoma (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright = Clidemia
Triana trichotoma C. Wright ex Griseb.
Ossaea pilifera Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 122. 1923. Ossaea turquinensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 122. 1923.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ossaea norlindii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 124. 1923.
References: 3, 30. Ossaea zvetankae Kitan., God. Sofiisk. Univ. Biol. Fak., 2, Bot.
Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast. 66(2): 32. 1974 [“1971/1972”],
Ossaea pinetorum Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
nom. illeg.
Salle” 15: 8. 1956.
Reference: 3.
Ossaea urbaniana Alain, Brittonia 20: 158. 1968.
Ossaea polychaeta Urb. & Ekman = Ossaea urbaniana Alain
Leandra polychaeta (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Sida 18: 1026. 1999, nom.
Ossaea polychaete Urb. & Ekman = Sagraea polychaete (Urb. & illeg.; Ossaea polychaeta Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(11): 27.
Ekman) Alain 1931, nom. illeg.
Ossaea pratensis Macfad. = Ossaea microphylla (Sw.) C. Wright Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Ossaea pseudopinetorum Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
Hung. 17: 20. 1972 [“1971”]. Ossaea vazquezii Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17:
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 19. 1972 [“1971”].
Reference: 149.
Ossaea pulchra Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Salle” 14: 12. 1955. Ossaea verrucosa (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23:
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 70. 1894; Calycogonium verrucosum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 95.
Reference: 3. 1866.
Ossaea pulverulenta Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 237. 1926. References: 3, 124.
References: 3, 152. Ossaea verticillata (Vahl) Triana = Clidemia guadalupensis (DC.)
Griseb.
Ossaea punctata Griseb. = Henriettea punctata (Griseb.) M. Gómez
Ossaea wilsonii Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Ossaea purpurascens DC. = Mecranium purpurascens (DC.) Triana Salle” 14: 13. 1955.
Ossaea reticulata (Cogn.) Ekman = Calycogonium reticulatum (Cogn.) Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Judd & Skean References: 3, 14.
Ossaea rubrinervis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 57. 1929. Ossaea woodsii Judd & Skean = Sagraea woodsii (Judd. & Skean) Alain
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Ossaea wrightii Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 146. 1871.
Ossaea rufescens (Griseb.) C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana Reference: 3.
5: 434. 1869, var. rufescens; Clidemia rufescens Griseb., Cat. Pl. Ossaea zvetankae Kitan. = Ossaea turquinensis Urb.
Cub. 97. 1866.
Pachyanthus acunanus Borhidi = Pachyanthus angustifolius Griseb. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.

Reference: 152.
**Pachyanthus angustifolius Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 101. 1866; Miconia
secundo-angustifolia M. Gómez, Anales Hist. Nat. 23: 68. 1894, **Pachyanthus monocephalus (Urb.) Borhidi, Abstr. Bot. (Budapest) 5:
non Miconia angustifolia (Sw.) Griseb. 27. 1977; Miconia monocephala Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 117. 1923.
Pachyanthus acunanus Borhidi, Abstr. Bot. (Budapest) 5: 27. 1977 [as Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
acunaeanus]. References: 3, 30, 152.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. **Pachyanthus monopleurus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19:
References: 3, 152. 306. 1924.
**Pachyanthus blancheanus (Urb.) Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
44. 1927; Miconia blancheana Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Reference: 3.
Veg. 17: 405. 1921; Pachyanthus cubensis A. Rich. subsp. Pachyanthus neglectus Borhidi = Pachyanthus mayarensis Urb.
blancheanus (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 29: 188.
1983. Pachyanthus neglectus Borhidi subsp. baracoensis Borhidi =
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Pachyanthus mayarensis Urb.
References: 5, 7, 152, 283. **Pachyanthus oleifolius Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 100. 1866; Miconia
Pachyanthus brachylobus Urb. = Pachyanthus longifolius Jenn. oleifolia (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 69.
1894.
**Pachyanthus clementis P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 92. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
1920. Common Name: Cordobancillo (Cuba).
Pachyanthus lunanus Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: References: 3, 39.
461. 1926. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Pachyanthus ovatus Cogn. = Pachyanthus poiretii Griseb.
Cuba (39). **Pachyanthus pedicellatus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22:
Pachyanthus cordifolius Cogn. = Pachyanthus poiretii Griseb. 232. 1926.
**Pachyanthus cubensis A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, References: 3, 39, 427.
Pl. Vasc. 560. 1845. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora
Sarcomeris coriacea Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 15: 340. 1851; of Cuba (39) and near threatened by the IUCN Red List of
Miconia coriacea (Naudin) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. Threatened Species.
23: 69. 1894, nom. illeg., non (Sw.) DC.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. **Pachyanthus poiretii Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 101. 1866; Miconia
Common Names: Hierro, Hierro del pinar (Cuba). poiretii (Griseb.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 69.
Reference: 3. 1894.
Calycogonium cubense A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Pachyanthus cubensis A. Rich. subsp. blancheanus (Urb.) Borhidi = Vasc. 555. 1845.
Pachyanthus blancheanus (Urb.) Urb. & Ekman Pachyanthus cordifolius Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 449. 1908.
**Pachyanthus discolor Norlind ex Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 119. 1923. Pachyanthus ovatus Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 449. 1908.
References: 3, 30. Common Names: Cordobán, Cordobancillo (Cuba).
Pachyanthus glaber Cogn. = Pachyanthus wrightii Griseb.
**Pachyanthus reticulatus Britton & P. Wilson Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
Pachyanthus lindmanii Urb. = Pachyanthus reticulatus Britton &
43: 459. 1916.
P. Wilson
Pachyanthus lindmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 118. 1923.
**Pachyanthus longifolius Jenn., Ann. Carnegie Mus. 11: 211. 1917. Pachyanthus reticulatus Britton & P. Wilson var. rigidus (Alain) Borhidi
Pachyanthus brachylobus Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 230. & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 62: 26. 1975; Pachyanthus rigidus
1926. Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 14: 8.
Pachyanthus lunanus Britton & P. Wilson = Pachyanthus clementis References: 3, 30, 149.
P. Wilson Pachyanthus reticulatus Britton & P. Wilson var. rigidus (Alain) Borhidi
**Pachyanthus mantuensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. & O. Muñiz = Pachyanthus reticulatus Britton & P. Wilson
Club 16: 92. 1920. Pachyanthus rigidus Alain = Pachyanthus reticulatus Britton & P.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Wilson
References: 3, 156.
Pachyanthus shaferi Cogn. = Pachyanthus wrightii Griseb.
**Pachyanthus mayarensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 119. 1923.
**Pachyanthus tetramerus Urb. & Ekman, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Pachyanthus neglectus Borhidi, Abstr. Bot. (Budapest) 5: 28. 1977.
Veg. 22: 231. 1926.
Pachyanthus neglectus Borhidi subsp. baracoensis Borhidi, Abstr. Bot.
(Budapest) 5: 29. 1977.
References: 3, 39.
Cuba (39).
**Pachyanthus moaensis Borhidi, Abstr. Bot. (Budapest) 5: 26. 1977.
number 9 8 • 557
Pachyanthus tuerckheimii Cogn. = Tetrazygia tuerckheimii (Cogn.) W. I. 249. 1860, nom. illeg., non D. Don; Ossaea capillaris (Sw.)
Ekman & Urb. C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 435. 1868. Miconia
capillaris (Sw.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Ser. 2,
Pachyanthus urbanianus Cogn. = Tetrazygia urbaniana (Cogn.) Croizat
3(23): 68. 1894.
ex Mosc.
Clidemia capillaris (Sw.) Griseb. var. leiocalyx Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb.
**Pachyanthus wrightii Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 101. 1866; Miconia Antill. 5: 451. 1908.
wrightii (Griseb.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28. 103. 1871; Clidemia insularis Domin, Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 43. 1930.
Acinodendron wrightii (Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 953. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola,
1891; Tamonea wrightii (Griseb.) Jenn., Ann. Carnegie Mus. 11. and Jamaica.
211. 1917. References: 2, 3, 7, 36, 151, 152, 287.
Pachyanthus glaber Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 450. 1908.
Sagraea cinerea (Cogn.) Alain, Sida 18: 1027. 1999; Ossaea cinerea
Pachyanthus shaferi Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 528. 1913.
Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 316. 1912.
Petaloma domingensis Tussac = Mouriri domingensis (Tussac) Spach
Sagraea crossopetala (Griseb.) Triana = Clidemia crossosepala Griseb.
Petaloma myrtilloides Sw. = Mouriri myrtilloides (Sw.) Poir. subsp. var. crossosepala
myrtilloides
Sagraea curvipila (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Sida 18: 1027. 1999; Ossaea
Pleroma cubensis (A. Rich.) C. Wright = Tibouchina cubensis (A. Rich.) curvipila Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 61. 1929.
M. Gómez Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Pleroma squamatum C. Wright = Tibouchina cubensis (A. Rich.) References: 7, 149.
M. Gómez Sagraea domingensis DC. = Clidemia domingensis (DC.) Cogn.
Pleurochaenia cubensis C. Wright ex Griseb. = Miconia cubensis Sagraea ellipsoidea (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Sida 18: 1027. 1999;
(C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright Ossaea ellipsoidea Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 63. 1929.
Pleurochaenia quadrangularis (Sw.) Griseb. = Miconia quadrangularis Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
(Sw.) Naudin References: 7, 149, 156.
Pleurochaenia rigida (Sw.) Griseb. = Miconia rigida (Sw.) Triana Sagraea fascicularis (Sw.) DC. = Henriettea fascicularis (Sw.) M. Gómez
Pterolepis glomerata (Rottb.) Miq., Comm. Phytogr. 2: 78. 1840; Sagraea fuertesii (Cogn.) Alain, Sida 18: 1028. 1999; Clidemia fuertesii
Rhexia glomerata Rottb., Descr. Rar. Pl. Surin. 8, t. 4. 1798. Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 529. 1913.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
(Dominica, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. References: 7, 30, 156.
Vincent), Trinidad, and South America. Sagraea glomerata Naudin = Ossaea glomerata (Naudin) Triana
Common Name: Herbe sûre (Lesser Antilles).
Sagraea gracilis (Alain) Alain, Sida 18: 1028. 1999; Ossaea gracilis
References: 1, 7, 58, 151, 311.
Alain, Phytologia 22: 167. 1971.
Rhexia acisanthera L. = Acisanthera quadrata Pers. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Rhexia cubensis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 104. 1866. References: 7, 152, 156.
Rhexia mariana L. var. portoricensis Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Sagraea guadalupensis DC. = Clidemia guadalupensis (DC.) Griseb.
Berlin 4: 276. 1886.
Sagraea lanata Naudin = Ossaea lanata (Naudin) C. Wright ex Griseb.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and United States.
Common Names: Camasey, Maríana (Puerto Rico). Sagraea lanceifolia (Urb.) Alain, Sida 18: 1028. 1999; Ossaea
References: 3, 7, 58, 61, 67, 75, 151. lanceifolia Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 62. 1929.
Rhexia diffusa Spreng. = Ossaea microphylla (Sw.) C. Wright
References: 7, 149.
Rhexia glomerata Rottb. = Pterolepis glomerata (Rottb.) Miq.
Sagraea latifolia (Desr.) Triana = Clidemia umbrosa (Sw.) Cogn.
Rhexia longifolia Vahl = Tibouchina longifolia (Vahl) Baill.
Sagraea lima (Desr.) Naudin = Ossaea lima (Desr.) Triana
Rhexia mariana L. var. portoricensis Cogn. = Rhexia cubensis Griseb.
Sagraea macrandra C. Wright = Clidemia macrandra (C. Wright) Cogn.
Rhexia purpurea Sw. = Meriania purpurea (Sw.) Sw.
Sagraea microphylla (Sw.) DC. = Ossaea microphylla (Sw.) C. Wright
Rhexia strigosa Rich. = Tibouchina ornata Baill.
Sagraea neurocarpa Naudin = Miconia neomicrantha Judd & Skean
Sagraea abbottii (Urb.) Alain, Sida 18: 1027. 1999; Ossaea abbottii
Sagraea oligantha (Urb.) Alain, Sida 18: 1028. 1999; Clidemia
Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 57. 1929.
oligantha Urb., Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 45. 1927.
References: 7, 149.
References: 7, 156.
Sagraea acutiflora Naudin = Henriettea fascicularis (Sw.) Gómez
Sagraea pauciflora Naudin = Ossaea pauciflora (Naudin) Urb. var.
Sagraea barahonensis (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Sida 18: 1027. 1999; pauciflora
Ossaea barahonensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 61. 1929.
Sagraea penninervis (Griseb.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28:
139. 1871; Clidemia penninervis Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 185. 1860;
Reference: 7.
Ossaea penninervis (Griseb.) C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Sagraea capillaris (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 170. 1828; Melastoma capillare Habana 5: 435. 1868; Miconia penninervis (Griseb.) M. Gómez,
Sw., Prodr. 71. 1788; Clidemia capillaris (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 68. 1894.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Sagraea wrightii (Griseb.) Triana = Clidemia wrightii Griseb.
References: 3, 152. Sarcomeris coriacea Naudin = Pachyanthus cubensis A. Rich.
Sagraea pilosa (Sw.) DC. = Clidemia swartzii Griseb. Spennera acuminifolia Mart. ex DC. = Aciotis acuminifolia (Mart. ex
Sagraea plumosa (Desr.) Naudin = Clidemia plumosa (Desr.) DC. DC.) Triana
Sagraea polychaete (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Sida 18: 1028. 1999; Staphidiastrum fasciculare (Sw.) Naudin = Henriettea fascicularis (Sw.)
Ossaea polychaete Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 60. 1929. M. Gómez
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Staphidiastrum latifolium (Desr.) Naudin = Clidemia umbrosa (Sw.) Cogn.
Reference: 7.
Staphidiastrum pilosum (Sw.) Naudin = Clidemia swartzii Griseb.
Sagraea polystachya (Naudin) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28:
138. 1871; Staphidiastrum polystachyum Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Staphidiastrum polystachyum Naudin = Sagraea polystachya (Naudin)
Bot., sér. 3, 17: 327. 1852; Clidemia polystachya (Naudin) Cogn., Triana
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 17: 347. 1852. Staphidiastrum rubrinerve Naudin = Clidemia leucandra C. Wright ex
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Griseb. var. leucandra
Staphidiastrum rubrum (Aubl.) Naudin = Clidemia rubra (Aubl.) Mart.
Sagraea portoricensis (Alain) Alain = Sagraea pusilliflora (Cogn.) Alain
Staphidiastrum scabridum (DC.) Naudin = Henriettea fascicularis (Sw.)
Sagraea pusilliflora (Cogn.) Alain, Sida 18: 1028. 1999; Clidemia M. Gómez
pusilliflora Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle,
Staphidiastrum umbrosum (Sw.) Naudin = Clidemia umbrosa (Sw.) Cogn.
Monogr. Phan. 7: 1010. 1891.
Clidemia portoricensis Alain, Phytologia 50: 168. 1982; Sagraea Staphidium latifolium (Desr.) Griseb. = Clidemia umbrosa (Sw.) Cogn.
portoricensis (Alain) Alain, Moscosoa 8: 7. 1994. Staphidium octonum (Bonpl.) Naudin = Clidemia octona (Bonpl.) L.O.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and Williams
Puerto Rico.
References: 7, 58, 149, 156. Staphidium spicatum Naudin = Clidemia strigillosa (Sw.) DC
Sagraea rubra (Aubl.) Triana = Clidemia rubra (Aubl.) Mart. Staphidium wilsonii Naudin = Clidemia erythropogon DC.
Sagraea rugosa Alain = Sagraea scabrosa (L.) Naudin Staphidium wilsonii var. crinitum Naudin = Clidemia erythropogon DC.
Sagraea scabrida DC. = Henriettea fascicularis (Sw.) M. Gómez Stephanotrichum octonum (Bonpl.) Naudin ex Hemsl. = Clidemia
octona (Bonpl.) L.O. Williams
Sagraea scabrosa (L.) Alain = Sagraea scabrosa (L.) Naudin
Tamonea androsaemifolia (Griseb.) Jenn. = Miconia androsaemifolia
Sagraea scabrosa (L.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 18: 97. 1852; Griseb.
Melastoma scabrosum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1022. 1759; Clidemia
scabrosa (L.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 248. 1860; Ossaea scabrosa Tamonea cubensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze = Miconia cubensis
(L.) DC., Prodr. 3: 169. 1828; Maieta scabrosa (L.) M. Gómez, (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright
Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 71. 1894; Sagraea rugosa Alain, Tamonea cubensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Krasser = Miconia cubensis
Sida 20 (4): 1645, 2003, (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright
Tamonea guianensis Aubl. = Miconia mirabilis (Aubl.) L.O. Williams
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 36, 58, 61. Tamonea macrophylla (Pav. ex D. Don) Kuntze = Miconia serrulata
(DC.) Naudin
Sagraea scalpta (Vent.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 18: 95.
1852; Maieta scalpta Vent., Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France Tamonea moensis Britton = Miconia moensis (Britton) Alain
8: 12. 1807; Ossaea scalpta (Vent.) DC., Prodr. 3: 168. 1828. Tamonea praecox (C. Wright) Jenn. = Miconia obtusa (Griseb.) Triana
Ossaea domingensis Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 530. 1913.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Tamonea tomentosa (Rich.) Krasser var. auriculata Jenn. = Miconia
and Puerto Rico. serrulata (DC.) Naudin
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 152. Tamonea wrightii (Griseb.) Jenn. = Pachyanthus wrightii Griseb.
Sagraea setulosa (Urb.) Alain, Sida 18: 1028. 1999; Ossaea setulosa **Tetrazygia acunae Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 38. 1978
Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 49. 1921. [“1977”].
Sagraea sparsiflora (DC.) Naudin = Henriettea lateriflora (Vahl) R.A. **Tetrazygia albicans (D. Don ex Naudin) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc.
Howard & E.A. Kellogg London 28: 100. 1871; Chitonia albicans D. Don ex Naudin,
Sagraea tetragona DC. = Clidemia guadalupensis (DC.) Griseb. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 15: 339. 1851.
Sagraea trichotoma (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Triana = Clidemia References: 2, 152, 427.
trichotoma C. Wright ex Griseb. Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Sagraea umbrosa (Sw.) DC. = Clidemia umbrosa (Sw.) Cogn. Species.
Sagraea woodsii (Judd. & Skean) Alain, Sida 18: 1029. 1999; Ossaea Tetrazygia ancistrophora C. Wright = Miconia ancistrophora
woodsii Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci. 32: 141. (C. Wright) Triana
1987. **Tetrazygia angustifolia (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 172. 1828; Melastoma
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). angustifolium Sw., Prodr. 71. 1788; Miconia angustifolia (Sw.)
References: 7, 8. Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 258. 1860.
number 9 8 • 559
Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Tetrazygia brachycentra (Griseb.) C. Wright var. setulifera Cogn. =
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Tetrazygia brachycentra (Griseb.) C. Wright
Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Tetrazygia brevicollis Leonard = Tetrazygia longicollis Urb. & Cogn.
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia), and Trinidad.
Common Names: Broom wood, Ti-côtelette (Lesser Antilles). **Tetrazygia cordata Alain, Brittonia 20: 158. 1978; Tetrazygiopsis
References: 1, 2, 7, 19, 36, 58, 61, 301. cordata (Alain) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 29: 187. 1983.
Tetrazygia argyrophylla (A. Rich.) Millsp. = Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Common Name: Pancho prieto (Dominican Republic).
Cogn. var. bicolor References: 7, 149.
**Tetrazygia aurea R.A. Howard & W.R. Briggs, J. Arnold Arbor. 34: **Tetrazygia coriacea Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 225.
183. 1953. 1926.
**Tetrazygia barbata Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 38. 1978 Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
[“1977”]. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. **Tetrazygia cristalensis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 37.
Reference: 149. 1978 [“1977”].
**Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 724. 1891, var. bicolor; Melastoma Reference: 149.
bicolor Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Miconia bicolor (Mill.) **Tetrazygia crotonifolia (Desr.) DC., Prodr. 3: 172. 1828; Melastoma
Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 103. 1871. crotonifolium Desv. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 43.
Naudinia argyrophylla A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, 1797; Tetrazygiopsis crotonifolia (Desr.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad.
Pl. Vasc. 562. 1845. Tetrazygia angustiflora (A. Rich.) Griseb., Sci. Hung. 23: 35. 1978 [“1977”].
Fl. Brit. W. I. : 254. 1860; Miconia angustiflora (Naudin) Griseb. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
var. argyrophylla (A. Rich.) M. Gómez, Dicc. Bot. Nombres Vulg. Puerto Rico.
Cub. Puerto-Riq.; 42. 1889; Tetrazygia argyrophylla (A. Rich.) Common Names: Granada chica, Granada chiquita, Memisito, Niquivá
Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser., 1(6): 431. 1900. (Dominican Republic).
Naudinia chrysophylla A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. References: 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 149.
Vasc. 563. 1845.
Melastoma pallens Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 62. 1822; **Tetrazygia decorticans Bécquer, Willdenowia: 37: 314. 2007.
Miconia pallens (Spreng.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
28: 103. 1871;Tetrazygia pallens (Spreng.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Reference: 149.
Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 724. 1891. Tetrazygia delicatula (A. Rich.) Borhidi = Miconia delicatula A. Rich.
Miconia angustiflora Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3. 16: 246. 1851;
**Tetrazygia discolor (L.) DC., Prodr. 3: 172. 1828. Melastoma
Tetrazygia angustiflora (Naudin) Griseb., Goett. Abh. 9: 53. 1861.
discolor L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1022. 1759.
Tetrazygia ovata Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 447. 1908
Melastoma christophorianum Ham., Prod. Pl. Ind. Occid. 37. 1825.
Tetrazygia versicolor Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 224. 1926.
Miconia christophoriana (Ham.) DC., Prodr. 3: 200. 1828.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and United States
Melastoma acuminatum Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 47. 1797 [“1796”], non
(FL).
M. discolor Desr.
Common Name: Cordobán (Cuba).
Tetrazygia discolor (L.) DC.var. acutidentata Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 150.
Bot., ser. 3, 15: 345. 1851.
**Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. var. patenti-setosa Borhidi, Acta Tetrazygia discolor (L.) DC.var. villosa Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 255.
Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 39. 1978 [“1977”]. 1860. Tetrazygia villosa (Griseb.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle &
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 721. 1891.
Reference: 149. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada,
**Tetrazygia biflora (Cogn.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Kitts, St.
405. 1921; Calycogonium biflorum Cogn., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: Lucia, St. Vincent).
276. 1886; Menendezia biflora (Cogn.) Britton in N.L. Britton Common Names: Ashes wood, Bois cendre, Crécré blanc, Hogwood
& P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 4. 1925; (Lesser Antilles).
Tetrazygiopsis biflora (Cogn.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. Reference: 1.
23: 35. 1978 [“1977”]. Tetrazygia discolor var. acutidentata Naudin = Tetrazygia discolor (L.) DC.
Tetrazygia discolor var. villosa Griseb. = Tetrazygia discolor (L.) DC.
Common Name: Camasey (Puerto Rico).
References: 19, 58, 61, 131, 149, 152. **Tetrazygia ekmanii Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 222.
1926; Tetrazygiopsis ekmanii (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
**Tetrazygia brachycentra (Griseb.) C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci.
Hung. 23: 35. 1978 [“1977”].
Méd. Habana 5: 466. 1869; Graffenrieda brachycentra Griseb.,
Pl. Wright. 1: 186. 1860; Tetrazygiopsis brachycentra (Griseb.)
References: 3, 39.
Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 35. 1978 [“1977”].
Tetrazygia brachycentra (Griseb.) C. Wright var. setulifera Cogn. in
Cuba (39).
1891. **Tetrazygia elaeagnoides (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 172. 1828; Melastoma
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. elaeagnoides Sw., Prodr. 72. 1788 [as aeleagnoides]; Miconia
References: 3, 149. elaeagnoides (Sw.) Griseb., Goett. Abh. 7: 69. 1857.
Tetrazygia elaeagnoides var. martinicensis Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 3. **Tetrazygia laxiflora Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 15: 343.
15: 343. 1851. 1851; Tetrazygiopsis laxiflora (Naudin) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad.
Tetrazygia fuertesii Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 526. 1913. Sci. Hung. 23: 35. 1978 [“1977”].
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Miconia rangeliana C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 99. 1866.
Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Tetrazygia laxiflora Naudin var. rosea Naudin in A.L.P.P. de Candolle
Virgin Gorda). & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 722. 1891.
Common Names: Cenizo, Verdiseco (Puerto Rico), Kre-kre (Virgin Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Islands). Common Names: Cordobancillo, Cordobancillo de loma,
References: 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 131, 254, 340. Cordobancillo de rangel (Cuba).
References: 3, 149, 152, 287.
Tetrazygia elaeagnoides var. martinicensis Naudin = Tetrazygia
elaeagnoides (Sw.) DC. Tetrazygia laxiflora Naudin var. rosea Naudin = Tetrazygia laxiflora
Naudin
**Tetrazygia elegans Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 111. 1923, var. elegans
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. **Tetrazygia longicollis Urb. & Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7:
References: 3, 30, 39, 427. 310. 1912; Tetrazygiopsis longicollis (Urb. & Cogn.) Borhidi, Acta
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Bot. Hung. 29 (1-4): 187. 1983.
Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Tetrazygia brevicollis Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 70. 1927.
Species. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Common Names: Cenizoso, Muñeco, Papayito (Dominican Republic).
**Tetrazygia elegans Urb. var. cacuminis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci.
References: 5, 7, 30, 149.
Hung. 23: 37. 1978 [“1977”].
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Tetrazygia macrocarpa Urb. & Ekman = Tetrazygia urbaniana (Cogn.)
Reference: 149. Croizat ex Mosc.
**Tetrazygia fadyenii Hook., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 1: 379; **Tetrazygia minor Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 224. 1926;
pl. 12. 1849; Charianthus fadyenii (Hook.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. Tetrazygia lanceolata Urb. subsp. minor (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot.
264. 1860; Miconia fadyenii (Hook.) Judd & Skean, Bull. Florida Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 79. 1978 [“1977”].
State Mus., Biol. Sci. 36: 25.1991. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 2, 149. Tetrazygia ovata Cogn. = Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. var. bicolor
Tetrazygia fuertesii Cogn. = Tetrazygia elaeagnoides (Sw.) DC. Tetrazygia pallens (Spreng.) Cogn. = Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn.
**Tetrazygia hispida (Sw.) Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 2: 58. 1850, var. var. bicolor
hispida; Melastoma hispidum Sw., Prodr. 72. 1788; Heterotrichum **Tetrazygia paralongicollis Judd, Ionta, Clase & Skean, J. Bot. Res.
hispidum (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 251. 1860; Tetrazygiopsis Inst. Texas 2: 35. 2008.
hispida (Sw.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 35. 1978 Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
[“1977”]. Reference: 149.
Melastoma glandulosum Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2(1): 799. 1798. Miconia
glandulosa (Sw.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 244. Tetrazygia semicrenata (Rich.) Griseb. = Miconia cornifolia (Desr.)
1851. Naudin
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Tetrazygia stahlii Cogn. = Tetrazygia urbanii Cogn.
Tetrazygia tetrandra (Sw.) DC. = Miconia tetrandra (Sw.) D. Don ex
**Tetrazygia hispida (Sw.) Macfad. var. laevis (Griseb.) Cogn. in G. Don
Tetrazygia tuerckheimii (Cogn.) Ekman & Urb. = Tetrazygia urbaniana
1891; Heterotrichum hispidum (Sw.) Griseb. var. laevius Griseb.,
(Cogn.) Croizat ex Mosc.
Fl. Brit. W. I. 251. 1860.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. **Tetrazygia urbaniana (Cogn.) Croizat ex Moscoso, Cat. Fl.
References: 2, 36. Domingensis 1: 457. 1943; Pachyanthus urbanianus Cogn. in
I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 313. 1912; Tetrazygiopsis urbaniana
Tetrazygia humilis Urb. & Ekman = Tetrazygia urbaniana (Cogn.)
(Cogn.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 35. 1978 [“1977”].
Croizat ex Mosc.
Pachyanthus tuerckheimii Cogn. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 314.
**Tetrazygia impressa Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 225. 1912; Tetrazygia tuerckheimii (Cogn.) Ekman & Urb., Ark. Bot.
1926. 22(11): 16. 1931; Tetrazygiopsis tuerckheimii (Cogn.) Borhidi,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 35. 1978 [“1977”].
Reference: 3. Tetrazygia humilis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 31. 1929.
**Tetrazygia krugii Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Tetrazygia macrocarpa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 30. 1929.
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 719. 1891. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. References: 5, 7, 30, 149.
References: 30, 58, 61, 152. **Tetrazygia urbanii Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 278.
**Tetrazygia lanceolata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 223. 1886; Menendezia urbanii (Cogn.) Britton, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
1926. Virgin Islands 6: 4. 1925; Tetrazygiopsis urbanii (Cogn.) Borhidi,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 29: 187. 1983.
Reference: 3. Tetrazygia stahlii Cogn., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 279. 1886.
Miconia stahlii (Cogn.) M. Gómez, Dicc. Bot. Nombres Vulg.
Tetrazygia lanceolata Urb. subsp. minor (Urb.) Borhidi = Tetrazygia Cub. Puerto-Riq. 37. 1889; Menendezia stahlii (Cogn.) Britton,
minor Urb.
number 9 8 • 561
Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 3. 1925; Tetrazygiopsis Chaetogastra cubensis var. brevistrigillosa Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 103.
stahlii (Cogn.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 29: 187. 1983. 1866; Chaetolepis saturejoides var. brevistrigillosa (Griseb.)
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 51. 1871. Chaetolepis
Common Name: Camasey (Puerto Rico). brevistrigillosa (Griseb.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P.
References: 58, 61, 75, 131, 149. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 172. 1891.
Pleroma squamatum C. Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 6: 73.
**Tetrazygia urceolata (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23:
1869; Tibouchina squamata (C. Wright) M. Gómez, Anales Soc.
37. 1978 [“1977”]; Miconia urceolata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 116.
Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 68. 1894.
1923.
Chaetogastra origanoides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 103 (1866)
Chaetolepis grisebachii Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 172 (1891).
Tetrazygia versicolor Urb. = Tetrazygia biflora (Cogn.) Urb. var. bicolor Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Tetrazygia villosa (Griseb.) Cogn. = Tetrazygia discolor (L.) DC. Common Name: Mazorquilla (Cuba).
References: 3, 124, 132, 152, 349, 615.
Tetrazygiopsis ancistrophora (C. Wright) Borhidi = Miconia
ancistrophora (C. Wright) Triana Tibouchina granulosa (Desr.) Cogn. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras.
14(3): 340. 1885; Melastoma granulosum Desr. in J.B.A.P.M. de
Tetrazygiopsis biflora (Cogn.) Borhidi = Tetrazygia biflora (Cogn.) Urb. Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 44. 1797.
Tetrazygiopsis brachycentra (Griseb.) Borhidi = Tetrazygia brachycentra Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Central America;
(Griseb.) C. Wright native to South America.
Common Names: Tibuchina (Puerto Rico).
Tetrazygiopsis cordata (Alain) Borhidi = Tetrazygia cordata Alain
Tetrazygiopsis crotonifolia (Desr.) Borhidi = Tetrazygia crotonifolia
Tibouchina heteronoma M. Gómez = Arthrostemma ciliatum Pav. ex
(Desr.) DC.
D. Don
Tetrazygiopsis ekmanii (Urb.) Borhidi = Tetrazygia ekmanii Urb.
Tibouchina longifolia (Vahl) Baill., Adansonia 12: 74. 1877; Rhexia
Tetrazygiopsis hispida (Sw.) Borhidi = Tetrazygia hispida (Sw.) Macfad. longifolia Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 39. 1797 [“1796”].
var. hispida Arthrostemma lanceolatum (DC.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 267. 1860;
Tetrazygiopsis laxiflora (Naudin) Borhidi = Tetrazygia laxiflora Naudin Chaetogastra lanceolata DC., Prodr. 3: 131. 1828.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (St. Kitts, St.
Tetrazygiopsis longicollis (Urb. & Cogn.) Borhidi = Tetrazygia Vincent), Trinidad, Central America, and South America.
longicollis Urb. & Cogn. Common Names: Cadillo de arroyo, Cadillo de perro (Dominican
Tetrazygiopsis stahlii (Cogn.) Borhidi = Tetrazygia urbanii Cogn. Republic), Bois dents marron (Haiti).
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 36, 123, 301.
Tetrazygiopsis tuerckheimii (Cogn.) Borhidi = Tetrazygia urbaniana
(Cogn.) Croizat ex Mosc. Tibouchina ornata Baill., Adansonia 12: 74. 1877.
Tibouchina strigosa (Rich.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Tetrazygiopsis urbaniana (Cogn.) Borhidi = Tetrazygia urbaniana
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 266. 1891; Rhexia strigosa Rich.,
(Cogn.) Croizat ex Mosc.
Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 108. 1792.
Tetrazygiopsis urbanii (Cogn.) Borhidi = Tetrazygia urbanii Cogn. Chaetogastra cistoides Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 267. 1860.
Tibouchina adscendens (C. Wright) M. Gómez = Acisanthera quadrata Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Saba,
Pers. St. Kitts) and South America.
References: 1, 36, 151, 349.
Tibouchina chamaecistus Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 267. 1891. Tibouchina strigosa (Rich.) Cogn. = Tibouchina ornata Baill.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia). Tibouchina urvilleana (DC.) Cogn. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras.
Common Names: Thym montagne, Ti-thym (Lesser Antilles). 14(3): 358. 1885; Lasiandra urvilleana DC. Prodr. 3: 130. 1828.
Reference: 1. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and United States; native
Tibouchina chironioides Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de to Central America and South America.
Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 267. 1891. References: 2, 58.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica). Uranthera dicranophora Naudin = Acisanthera quadrata Pers.
Reference: 1.
Uranthera dicranophora Naudin var. trichotoma Naudin = Acisanthera
Tibouchina cistoides Cogn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de quadrata Pers.
Votomita monantha (Urb.) Morley, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 12.
1963; Mouriri monantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 126. 1923.
Reference: 1.
Mouriri purpurascens Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 241.
Tibouchina cubense (A. Rich.) M. Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1926.
23: 68. 1894; Arthrostemma cubense A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Fis. Cuba, Bot. 10: 550. 1845. Chaetogastra cubensis (A. Rich.) References: 3, 30, 99.
Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub : 103. 1866; Chaetolepis cubensis (A. Rich.)
Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 51. 1871; Pleroma cubensis EXCLUDED SPECIES
(A. Rich.) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Miconia lanata (DC.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 113. 1871;
Habana 6: 74. 1869. Clidemia lanata DC., Prodr. 3: 162. 1828.
Chaetolepis saturejoides (Griseb.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: Distribution: Doubtful in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles, and South
51. 1871; Chaetogastra saturejoides Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 130. 1866. America.
Common Names: Cordobán, Cordobán peludo (Cuba). Cigar-box wood, Red cedar, Spanish cedar, West Indian cedar
Reference: 151. (Lesser Antilles), Cedro, Cedro hembra del país (Puerto Rico),
Note: Cognaiux reported this species for the Antilles based on a Bertero Spanish cedar, West Indian cedar (Virgin Islands).
specimen from Puerto Rico and de la Ossa from Cuba, both of References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 70, 75, 123, 131, 132,
which have not been located. Furthermore, this species has not 151, 156, 208, 301, 340, 427.
been treated for the region by modern botanists. The species is Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
otherwise known only from Brazil. Species.
NOTES Cedrela sintenisii C. DC. = Cedrela odorata L.
Leandra has been shown to be polyphyletic (Martin et al., 2008: 626), Cedrus alternifolia Mill., nom. rej. = Luehea speciosa Willd.
and none of the Antillean taxa belong in Leandra sensu stricto, a (Malvaceae)
group restricted to eastern Brazil. Even though the generic limits Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss., Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19: 251. 1830.
within tribe Miconieae have not been worked out, it is clear that Distribution: Exotic in Virgin Islands (St. Croix); native to Asia and
none of the West Indian taxa will remain in Leandra. Therefore, Malesia.
we are treating them within the genus Ossaea. References: 159, 230.
Guarea glabra Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 3: 8. 1807.
Guarea humilis Bertero ex DC., Prodr. 1: 624. 1824.
Meliaceae
Guarea ramiflora Vent., Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 8: 20.
1807.
Guarea swartzii DC., Prodr. 1: 624. 1824.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Acrilia sloanei Griseb. = Trichilia glabra L. Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St.
Aphanamixis grandifolia Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 4: 165. 1825. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America,
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba; native to Malesia. and South America.
Reference: 70. References: 1, 2, 6, 7, 58, 61, 70, 75, 131, 151, 301, 340.
Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19: 221. 1830. Guarea guara (Jacq.) P. Wilson = Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer, Taxon 5: 194. 1956; Samyda guidonia
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. L., Sp. Pl. 443. 1753.
Lucia), and Central America. Melia guara Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 20. 1760; Guarea guara (Jacq.)
Common Names: Neem (Dominican Republic), Nim, Nin (Haiti), P. Wilson, N. Amer. Fl. 25(4): 272. 1924.
Neem, Nim, Nime (Lesser Antilles). Guarea trichilioides L., Mant. Pl. 2: 228. 1771.
References: 1, 6, 7, 19, 58, 61, 70, 123, 383. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
(St. Croix), Central America, and South America.
Barbylus jamaicensis DC. = Trichilia hirta L. Common Names: Cabilma, Cabima, Cabirma, Cabirma de guinea,
Carapa guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane, Suppl., 32. 1775. Cabirma santa, Cedro macho (Dominican Republic), Bois rouge,
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Palmise (Haiti), Guaraguao (Puerto Rico), Musk wood (Virgin
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Islands).
Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, and South America. References: 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 70, 123, 131, 132, 151, 239, 301.
Common Names: Janasí, Nejesí (Cuba), Cabirma de guinea, Cabirma Guarea humilis Bertero ex DC. = Guarea glabra Vahl
santa (Dominican Republic), Acajou, Bois rouge, Carapate, Crab
wood, Crappo, Wild cashew (Lesser Antilles). Guarea jamaicensis Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 19. 1967.
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 70, 123, 132, 301. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Cedrela cubensis Bisse = Cedrela odorata L. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Cedrela mahagoni L. = Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. Species.
Cedrela mexicana M. Roem. = Cedrela odorata L. Guarea kunthiana A. Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19: 241. 1830.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia), Central
Cedrela odorata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 940. 1759.
Cedrela cubensis Bisse, Feddes Repert. 85: 595. 1974.
Common Names: Bois de rose, Bois-pistolet, Goyavier-bois (Lesser
Cedrela mexicana M. Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 137. 1846.
Antilles).
Cedrela sintenisii C. DC., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 10: 169.
References: 1, 70.
1907.
Surenus brownii (Loefl. ex Kuntze) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 111. Guarea macrophylla Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 3: 8. 1807, subsp. macrophylla
1891. Guarea perrottetiana Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19: 241, 285. 1830.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Guarea perrottetii Griseb., Fl. Br. W. I. 131. 1859.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, Tortola), Lesser Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada,
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia,
Montserrat, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, Mexico, St. Vincent).
Central America, and South America. Common Names: Acajou grande, Bois arab, Bois ‘goute, Bois pistolet,
Common Names: West Indian cedar (Bahamas), Cedro (Cuba), Cedro, Bois rouge (Lesser Antilles).
Cedro hembra (Dominican Republic), Acajou femelle, Acajou References: 1, 70, 151.
à planches, Cèdre, Cèdre adorant, Cèdre blanc, Cèdre espagnol Guarea obtusifolia Lam. = Trichilia pallida Sw.
(Haiti), West Indian cedar (Jamaica), Acajou-bois, Acajou rouge,
number 9 8 • 563
Guarea perrottetiana Juss. = Guarea macrophylla Vahl subsp. Swietenia macrophylla G. King, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 16: t. 1550. 1886.
macrophylla Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. John, Tortola, Virgin
Guarea perrottetii Griseb = Guarea macrophylla Vahl subsp.
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
macrophylla
Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, and
Guarea ramiflora Vent. = Guarea glabra Vahl Margarita; native to Central and South America.
Guarea sphenophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 242. 1912. Common Names: Caoba de Honduras (Cuba), Caoba hondureña
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. (Dominican Republic), Central American mahogany, Honduras
References: 5, 7, 30, 70, 427. mahogany, Mahogani du Honduras, Mahogani-grandes feuilles
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened (Lesser Antilles), Caoba de Honduras, Caoba de Venezuela,
Species. Caoba hondureña (Puerto Rico), Honduras mahogany (Virgin
Islands).
Guarea swartzii DC. = Guarea glabra Vahl References: 1, 6, 7, 58, 61, 70, 123, 131, 132, 323, 383, 427.
Guarea trichilioides L. = Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species.
Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19: 250.
1830. Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 20. 1760; Cedrela
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles (Marie mahagoni L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 940. 1759.
Galante); native to Africa. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
References: 1, 151, 254, 383. Jamaica, and United States (FL); exotic in Puerto Rico, Virgin
Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados,
Melia azedarach L., Sp. Pl. 384. 1753.
Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Melia sempervirens Sw., Prodr. 67. 1788.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St.
Vincent), Margarita, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Madeira, Mahogany (Bahamas), Caoba, Caoba
Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda,
amarilla, Caobilla (Cuba), Caoba, Caobo (Dominican Republic),
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St.
Acajou, Acajou de St. Domingue, Acajou à planches, Cajou, Cajou
à planches (Haiti), West Indian mahogany (Jamaica), Mahogani
Vincent), Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South
de Saint-Dominique, Mahogani petites feuilles, Mahogany, West
America; native to Asia, Malesia, Australia, and Pacific region.
Indian mahogany (Lesser Antilles), Caoba, Caoba dominicana
Common Names: Pride-of-India (Bahamas), Árbol del parasol, Árbol
(Puerto Rico), Mahogany (Virgin Islands).
quitasol, Cinamomo, Lila, Paraíso, Ponsiana, Pulsiana, Pursiana,
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 70, 123, 131, 132, 150,
Prusiana (Cuba), Alilaila, Arbol enano, Azedarach, Bead tree,
323, 427.
Lila, Lilas, Lilayo, Violeta (Dominican Republic), Fleurs lilas,
Piment d’eau (Haiti), China berry, Persian lilac, West Indian lilac
Species.
(Jamaica), Barbados lilac, China berry, Lilas-pays, Soap berry,
Syringa, West Indian lilac (Lesser Antilles), Alelaila, Lilaila, Pasilla Toona ciliata M. Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 139. 1846.
(Puerto Rico), Hog bush, Pride of India (Virgin Islands). Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Tobago, and Trinidad; native
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 70, 75, 123, 131, 132, to Asia, Malesia, and Australia.
150, 151, 208, 224, 323, 340, 383. Common Names: Cedro de Honduras, Cedro del Himalaya (Cuba),
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Burma toon, Cedro de Himalaya, Tun (Puerto Rico).
References: 6, 58, 131, 132, 254.
Melia guara Jacq. = Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer
Trichilia aquifolia P. Wilson, N. Amer. Fl. 25(4): 278. 1924.
Melia sempervirens Sw. = Melia azedarach L.
Trichilia cuneifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 242. 1912.
Moschoxylum trachyanthum Griseb. = Trichilia trachyantha (Griseb.) Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
C. DC. Common Names: Chicharrón de tres espinas (Dominican Republic),
Pholacilia diversifolia (A. Juss.) Griseb. = Trichilia pallida Sw. Bois diou marron, Bois marron (Haiti).
References: 7, 70.
Pholacilia trinitensis (Juss.) Griseb. = Trichilia pallida Sw.
Trichilia cuneifolia Urb. = Trichilia aquifolia P. Wilson
Portesia ovata Cav. = Trichilia pallida Sw.
Trichilia distini C. DC. = Trichilia moschata Sw. subsp. moschata
Samyda guidonia L. = Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer
Trichilia diversifolia A. Juss. = Trichilia pallida Sw.
Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 7(4): 237. 1912.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Lesser Antilles (Grenada); Trichilia glabra L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1020. 1759.
native to Malesia. Acrilia sloanei Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 129. 1859.
References: 151, 159, 254. Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Mexico, and Central
America.
Surenus brownii (Loefl. ex Kuntze) Kuntze = Cedrela odorata L.
References: 2, 4, 5, 36, 70, 151.
Swietenia x aubrevilleana Stehlé & Cusin, Mém. Soc. Bot. France
1956-57: 44. 1958. Trichilia harrisii Britton = Trichilia moschata Sw.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Trichilia havanensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 20. 1760.
Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Trichilia jamaicensis C. DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de
Martinique). Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 1: 678. 1878.
Common Name: Caoba Santa Cruz (Puerto Rico). Trichilia jamaicensis C. DC. var. brevifolia C. DC. in A.L.P.P. de
References: 1, 58, 70, 238. Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 1: 679. 1878.
Note: A hybrid between S. mahagoni and S. macrophylla. Trichilia lehmannii C. DC., Bull. Herb. Boissier. 2: 571. 1894.
Trichilia minor A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. Common Names: Siguaraya macho (Cuba), Almendra de lavar,
301. 1845. Almendro, Almendrillo, Caracolí, Palo amargo (Dominican
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Republic), Bois arada, Boudou, Dombou, Marie Jeanne, Trois
Mexico, and South America. paroles (Haiti), Bois de fer bâtard, Bois masse, Châtaignier noir
Common Names: Ciguaraya, Ciguaraya macho, Siguaraya (Cuba), Bois (Lesser Antilles), Caracolillo, Gaita, Ramoncillo (Puerto Rico).
loraille, Hiede-hiede (Haiti). References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 36, 43, 47, 58, 61, 70, 75, 123, 131, 132, 152,
References: 2, 3, 4, 7, 70, 123, 132, 151, 152, 352. 301.
Trichilia havanensis sensu O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins. = Trichilia hirta L. Trichilia polyneura Urb. = Trichilia reticulata P. Wilson
Trichilia hirta L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1020. 1759. Trichilia portoricensis Spreng. = Trichilia pallida Sw.
Barbylus jamaicensis DC., Prodr. 2: 91. 1825. Trichilia pungens Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 364. 1926.
Trichilia havanensis sensu O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins., Econ. Pl. Porto Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Rico 257. 1903, non Jacq. Common Names: Ébano amarillo, Leño blanco (Cuba).
Trichilia spondiodes Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 20. 1760. References: 3, 39, 70, 427.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Grenadines), Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South
America. Trichilia rendlei Urb. = Trichilia reticulata P. Wilson
Common Names: Cabo de hacha, Guabán, Jubabán (Cuba), Cabo de Trichilia reticulata P. Wilson, N. Amer. Fl. 25(4): 278. 1924.
hacha, Jacobán, Jobobán (Dominican Republic), Bois arada, Bois Trichilia polyneura Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 380. 1908.
arqada, Boudou, Brésillet bâtard, Marie Jeanne, Mombin bâtard, Trichilia rendlei Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 340. 1924.
Petit monbin (Haiti), Wild mahogany (Jamaica), Cabo de hacha, Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Guaita, Jobillo, Molinillo, Palo Anastasio, Retamo (Puerto Rico), References: 2, 30, 70, 427.
Broomstick (Virgin Islands). Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 70, 75, 123, 131, 132, 151, Species.
152, 323.
Trichilia septentrionalis C. DC. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 11(1):
Trichilia jamaicensis C. DC. = Trichilia havanensis Jacq. 220. 1878.
Trichilia jamaicensis C. DC. var. brevifolia C. DC. = Trichilia Trichilia moritzii C. DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle,
havanensis Jacq. Monogr. Phan. 1: 707. 1878.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Trichilia lehmannii C. DC. = Trichilia havanensis Jacq. Martinique, St. Vincent), Central America, and South America.
Trichilia martiana C. DC. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 11(1): 205. References: 1, 70, 151.
1878. Trichilia simplicifolia sensu O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins = Trichilia
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent), Mexico, Central pallida Sw.
References: 1, 70. Trichilia spondiodes Jacq. = Trichilia hirta L.
Trichilia minor A. Rich. = Trichilia havanensis Jacq. Trichilia stenophylla Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 17. 1929.
Trichilia monacantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 329. 1899. References: 5, 7, 70.
References: 5, 7, 156. Trichilia trachyantha (Griseb.) C. DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle &
A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 1: 697. 1878; Moschoxylum
Trichilia moritzii C. DC. = Trichilia septentrionalis C. DC. trachyanthum Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 169. 1860.
Trichilia moschata Sw., Prodr. 67. 1788. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Trichilia distini C. DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Common Name: Bariaco (Cuba).
Monogr. Phan. 1: 698. 1878. References: 3, 39, 70, 132, 151, 152, 156, 427.
Trichilia harrisii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 568. 1908. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and South Cuba (39) and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
America. Species.
Common Name: Muskwood (Jamaica). Trichilia triacantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 329. 1899.
References: 2, 30, 70, 151, 156. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Trichilia pallida Sw., Prodr. 67. 1788. Common Names: Bariaco, Guayabacón (Puerto Rico).
Guarea obtusifolia Lam., Encycl. 3: 6. 1789. References: 6, 58, 61, 70, 427, 633.
Trichilia diversifolia A. Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19: 237, 278. 1830; Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Pholacilia diversifolia (A. Juss.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 130. 1859. and critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Pholacilia trinitensis (Juss.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 130. 1859. Species.
Portesia ovata Cav., Diss. 7: 369. 1789. Trichilia trifolia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1020. 1759.
Trichilia portoricensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 68. 1826. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Tobago, Trinidad, Curaçao, Mexico,
Trichilia simplicifolia sensu O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins, Econ. Pl. Porto Central America, and South America.
Rico 257. 1903, non Spreng. References: 3, 39, 70, 151, 301.
Trichilia truncata Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 68. 1927. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Cuba (39).
(Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Mexico, Central
America, and South America. Trichilia truncata Leonard = Trichilia pallida Sw.
number 9 8 • 565
Menispermaceae Hyperbaena angustifolia (A. Gray ex Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1:

305. 1899; Pachygone cubensis Griseb. var. angustifolia A. Gray
Genera. Total: 5; native: 4; endemic: 0. ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 5. 1866.
Taxa. Total: 17; native: 15; endemic: 13. Hyperbaena longiuscula Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 19: 95.
1867.
Anelasma jamaicense Miers ex Benth. = Hyperbaena domingensis (DC.) Hyperbaena longiuscula Miers var. clementis Moldenke, Phytologia 2:
Benth. 224. 1947.
Anomospermum axilliflorum Griseb. = Hyperbaena axilliflora (Griseb.) Hyperbaena obovata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 60. 1925.
Urb. Hyperbaena paucinervis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21:
61. 1925.
Cissampelos laurifolia Poir. = Hyperbaena laurifolia (Poir.) Urb.
Cissampelos microcarpa DC. = Cissampelos pareira L. Common Name: Bronquito, Chicharrón de farallón, Picha jutía (Cuba).
Cissampelos pannosa Turcz. = Cissampelos pareira L. References: 3, 30, 132, 545.
Cissampelos pareira L., Sp. Pl. 1031. 1753. Hyperbaena brevipes Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 4. 1927.
Cissampelos microcarpa DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 534. 1817 [“1818”]. Hyperbaena pruinosa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 5. 1927.
Cissampelos pannosa Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
27(4): 283. 1854. Common Names: Bénuette, Petit grenoit marron (Haiti).
Cissampelos pareira L. var. caapeba (L.) Eichler in C.F.P. von Martius, References: 5, 7, 545.
Fl. Bras. 13(1): 190. 1864. Hyperbaena columbica (Eichler) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3,
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, 19: 95. 1867.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Hyperbaena columbica (Eichler) Miers var. excisa Urb., Repert. Spec.
Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 61. 1925.
Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Hyperbaena crebriflora Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 19: 95. 1867.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, United Common Name: Rayo de sol (Cuba).
States (FL), Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old References: 3, 132, 149, 152, 545.
World.
Hyperbaena columbica (Eichler) Miers var. excisa Urb. = Hyperbaena
Common Names: Velvety cissampelos (Bahamas), Bejuco de mono,
columbica (Eichler) Miers
Bejuco pitilla, Bejuco terciopelo, Guayabico, Pareira brava, Pica-
pica, Tomatillo de sabana (Cuba), Bejuco de ratón, Bejuco ñame Hyperbaena crebriflora Miers = Hyperbaena columbica (Eichler) Miers
(Dominican Republic), Aristoloche bilobee, Aristoloche lobée, Hyperbaena cubensis (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 305. 1899, var.
Feuille coeur, Feuilles de coeur, Liane gourde, Liane patte cheval, cubensis; Pachygone cubensis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 4. 1866;
Liane patte de cheval, Patte cheval (Haiti), Pareira brava, Velvet Hyperbaena cuneifolia Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 19: 95.
leaf (Jamaica), Liane amère, Liane-cordé, Liane molle, Liane 1867, nom. nud.; Contr. Bot. 3: 303. 1871.
serpent, Velvet leaf (Lesser Antilles), Bejuco de mona, Oreja de Hyperbaena acutifolia Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 64. 1920.
ratón, Pareira (Puerto Rico), Velvet-leaf (Virgin Islands). Hyperbaena littoralis Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 65. 1920.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 19, 30, 32, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, Hyperbaena ovata Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 134. 1919.
151, 301, 323, 340. Hyperbaena racemosa Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 134.
Cissampelos pareira L. var. caapeba (L.) Eichler = Cissampelos pareira L. 1919.
Cissampelos reticulata Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 40. 1979.
Common Name: Chicharrón, Chicharrón amarillo, Chicharroncillo,
Cogote de toro, Jamarito (Cuba).
References: 3, 30, 132, 152, 156, 545.
Cuba (39). Hyperbaena cubensis (Griseb.) Urb. var. parvifolia Kitan., God. Sofiisk.
Univ. Biol. Fak., 2, Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast. 66(2):
Cocculus domingensis DC. = Hyperbaena domingensis (DC.) Benth.
30. 1974 [“1971/1972”].
Cocculus laurifolius sensu Eggers = Hyperbaena laurifolia (Poir.) Urb. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cocculus pauper Griseb. = Odontocarya tamoides (DC.) Miers References: 149, 152.
Disciphania domingensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 133. Hyperbaena cuneifolia Miers = Hyperbaena cubensis (Griseb.) Urb. var.
1919. cubensis
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Hyperbaena domingensis (DC.) Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.
Common Name: Calebassier zombi (Haiti). 5(Suppl. 2): 50. 1861; Cocculus domingensis DC., Syst. Nat. 1:
References: 5, 7, 123. 528. 1817 [“1818”]; Menispermum domingense (DC.) Spreng.,
Hyperbaena acutifolia Britton = Hyperbaena cubensis (Griseb.) Urb. Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 157. 1825; Pachygone domingensis (DC.)
var. cubensis Eichler, Flora 47: 394. 1864.
Anelasma jamaicense Miers ex Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5(Suppl. 2):
Hyperbaena angustifolia (A. Gray ex Griseb.) Urb. = Hyperbaena 50. 1861.
axilliflora (Griseb.) Urb. Hyperbaena retinervis Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 19: 95. 1867.
Hyperbaena apiculata Urb. & Ekman = Hyperbaena laurifolia (Poir.) Urb. Hyperbaena rotundiuscula Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 19: 95.
1867.
Hyperbaena axilliflora (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 305. 1899;
Anomospermum axilliflorum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 4. 1866.
Islands (St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Odontocarya smithiorum Diels in H.G.A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 94
Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Martin), and South America. (Heft 46): 170. 1910.
Common Names: Liane à remèdes, Liane-bambouche bâtard (Lesser Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Antilles). Vincent).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 32, 58, 61, 151, 152, 545. Reference: 1.
Hyperbaena glauciramis Urb. & Ekman = Hyperbaena laurifolia (Poir.) Odontocarya tamoides (DC.) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 14:
Urb. 100. 1864.
Cocculus pauper Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 162. 1857.
Hyperbaena gonavensis Urb. & Ekman = Hyperbaena lindmanii Urb.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique); native
Hyperbaena laurifolia (Poir.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 304. 1899; to South America.
Cissampelos laurifolia Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 5: Reference: 1.
1. 1804.
Pachygone cubensis Griseb. = Hyperbaena cubensis (Griseb.) Urb. var.
Cocculus laurifolia sensu Eggers, Fl. St. Croix Suppl. 14. 1889, non DC.
cubensis
Hyperbaena apiculata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 5. 1927.
Hyperbaena glauciramis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 3. 1927. Pachygone cubensis Griseb. var. angustifolia A. Gray ex Griseb. =
Hyperbaena pellucida Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 4. 1927. Hyperbaena axilliflora (Griseb.) Urb.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola, Puerto Pachygone domingensis (DC.) Eichler = Hyperbaena domingensis (DC.)
Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Thomas). Benth.
References: 5, 6, 7, 30, 32, 58, 61, 545.
Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: 183. 1855.
Hyperbaena lindmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 32. 1921. Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Montserrat); native to tropical
Hyperbaena gonavensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 100. 1929. Asia and Malesia.
Hyperbaena salicifolia Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 3. 1927. References: 1, 159.
Common Name: Bois coq (Haiti). EXCLUDED SPECIES
References: 5, 7, 123, 545. Hyperbaena macrophylla Ekman ex Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Hyperbaena littoralis Britton = Hyperbaena cubensis (Griseb.) Urb. var. Veg. 21: 62. 1925. Cited by Mathias & Theobald (545) as
cubensis “perhaps not Menispermaceae.”
Hyperbaena longiuscula Miers = Hyperbaena axilliflora (Griseb.) Urb.
Hyperbaena longiuscula Miers var. clementis Moldenke = Hyperbaena Menyanthaceae
axilliflora (Griseb.) Urb.
Hyperbaena obovata Urb. = Hyperbaena axilliflora (Griseb.) Urb. Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0.
Hyperbaena ovata Urb. = Hyperbaena cubensis (Griseb.) Urb. var. cubensis
Hyperbaena paucinervis Urb. = Hyperbaena axilliflora (Griseb.) Urb. Limnanthemum grayanum Griseb. = Nymphoides grayana (Griseb.)
Kuntze
Hyperbaena pellucida Urb. & Ekman = Hyperbaena laurifolia (Poir.) Urb.
Menyanthes indica L = Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze
Hyperbaena prioriana Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 19: 95.
1867. Nymphoides aurea (Britton) Britton = Nymphoides grayana (Griseb.)
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Kuntze
References: 2, 30, 427, 545. Nymphoides ekmanii (Urb.) Alain = Nymphoides grayana (Griseb.)
Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Kuntze
Species.
Nymphoides grayana (Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 429. 1891;
Hyperbaena pruinosa Urb. & Ekman = Hyperbaena brevipes Urb. & Limnanthemum grayanum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 181. 1866.
Ekman Nymphoides aurea (Britton) Britton in N.L. Britton & C.F. Millspaugh,
Hyperbaena racemosa Urb. = Hyperbaena cubensis (Griseb.) Urb. var. Bahama Fl. 333. 1920.
cubensis Nymphoides ekmanii (Urb.) Alain, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. “Felipe
Poey” 22: 116. 1955.
Hyperbaena retinervis Miers = Hyperbaena domingensis (DC.) Benth. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Bahamas and Cuba.
Hyperbaena rotundiuscula Miers = Hyperbaena domingensis (DC.) Common Names: Bahama floating heart (Bahamas).
Benth. References: 3, 9, 45, 124, 132, 149, 151.
Hyperbaena salicifolia Urb. & Ekman = Hyperbaena lindmanii Urb. Nymphoides humboldtiana (Kunth) Kuntze = Nymphoides indica (L.)
Kuntze
Hyperbaena undulata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 73. 1930.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 429. 1891;
References: 7, 545. Menyanthes indica L., Sp. Pl. 145. 1753.
Nymphoides humboldtiana (Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 429. 1891.
Hyperbaena valida Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 19: 95. 1867.
Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), Trinidad, United States
References: 2, 30, 427, 545.
(FL), Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World.
Common Names: Follet-femelle, Petit follet (Lesser Antilles), Trébol de
Species.
agua (Puerto Rico).
Menispermum domingense (DC.) Spreng. = Hyperbaena domingensis References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 58, 61, 75, 131, 132, 159, 301.
(DC.) Benth.
number 9 8 • 567
Molluginaceae Mollugo radiata Ruiz & Pav. = Glinus radiatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohrb.
Mollugo verticillata L., Sp. Pl. 89. 1753; Pharnaceum verticillatum
Genera. Total: 2; native: 2; endemic: 0. Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 949. 1824 [“1825”].
Taxa. Total: 10; native: 9; endemic: 7. Mollugo berteroana Ser. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 391. 1824.
Pharnaceum berteroanum Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 949. 1824
Glinus radiatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohrb. in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 14(2): [“1825”].
238. 1872; Mollugo radiata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 1: 48. 1798. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Aruba, Bonaire,
America, and South America. Curaçao, Margarita, North America, Mexico, Central America,
References: 2, 3, 5, 7. and South America.
Mollugo berteroana Ser. = Mollugo verticillata L. Common Names: Alfombra (Puerto Rico).
References: 3, 7, 30, 58, 61, 131, 151, 152, 254, 323.
Mollugo brevipes Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 11. 1929, var. brevipes
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Pharnaceum berteroanum Spreng. = Mollugo verticillata L.
References: 3, 39. Pharnaceum maritimum Walter = Sesuvium maritimum (Walter)
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (Aizoaceae)
Cuba (39).
Pharnaceum verticillatum Spreng. = Mollugo verticillata L.
Mollugo brevipes Urb. var. angustissima Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 12.
1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Moraceae
Reference: 149.
Note: A name overlooked by León and Alain (3). Genera. Total: 13; native: 7; endemic: 0.
Mollugo cubensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 12. 1929. Taxa. Total: 55; native: 32; endemic: 15.
References: 3, 39. Ampalis mauritiana (Jacq.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 165. 1920; Morus
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of mauritiana Jacq., Collectanea 3: 206. 1791 [“1789”].
Cuba (39). Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Madagascar.
References: 5, 7.
Mollugo cuneifolia (Griseb.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 14. 1929; Mollugo
nudicaulis Lam. var. cuneifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 22. 1866. Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 31: 95.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 1941; Sitodium altile Parkinson, J. Voy. South Seas 45. 1773.
Reference: 3. Artocarpus communis J.R. Forst. & G. Forst., Char. Gen. Pl. 51. 1775.
Artocarpus incisus (Thunb.) L. f., Suppl. Pl. 411. 1782 [“1781”].
Mollugo deltoidea León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Salle” 9: 3. 1950. Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Marie
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Galante, Montserrat, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita,
References: 3, 39. Mexico, Central America, and South America; native to Malesia
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of and Pacific region.
Cuba (39). Common Names: Árbol del pan, Castaño del malabar, Fruto del
Mollugo enneandra C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. pan, Guapén, Mapén, Palo de pan (Cuba), Abapen, Albopán,
Habana 5: 202. 1868. Arbapen, Arbol del pan, Buen pan, Castaña, Celipi, Juan pan,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Pan de fruta, Pana, Panapén (Dominican Republic), Arbre à pain,
References: 3, 39. Arbre véritable, Breadfruit, Châtaignier à graines, Châtaignier des
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Antilles, Jaquier, Meat fruit, Pti-l’arbre à pain, Rimier, Véritable
Cuba (39). (Haiti), Breadfruit (Jamaica), Arbre à pain, Breadfruit, Bwapan,
Breadnut (seeded variety), Bwapan, Châtaigne, Châtaignier, Fruit
Mollugo nudicaulis Lam., Encycl. 4: 234. 1797.
á pain, Seeded breadfruit (Lesser Antilles), Arbol de pan, Lavapén,
Mollugo nudicaulis Lam. var. navassensis Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(17):
Mapén, Palo de pan, Pan, Pana, Pana forastera, Pana de pepitas,
14. 1929.
Panapén (Puerto Rico), Breadfruit tree, Seeded breadfruit tree
(Virgin Islands).
Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda),
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 85, 123, 131, 132, 151, 159, 230,
Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Lucia, St. Martin), United States,
224, 301, 323, 383.
Mexico, and Central America.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 58, 61, 224, 254.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Artocarpus communis J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. = Artocarpus altilis
(Parkinson) Fosberg
Mollugo nudicaulis Lam. var. cuneifolia Griseb. = Mollugo cuneifolia
(Griseb.) Urb. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Encycl. 3: 209. 1789.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Mollugo nudicaulis Lam. var. navassensis Ekman = Mollugo nudicaulis
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Lam.
Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, and South America;
Mollugo pinosia Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 13. 1929. native to tropical Asia.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Jaca (Cuba), Abre à jaca, Albopán, Buen pan,
References: 3, 39. Castaña de la costa del Brasil, Guapén, Jaca, Jaca tree, Jamón con
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of pan verde, Pan de fruta (Dominican Republic), Jaquier (Haiti),
Cuba (39). Jack, Jakfruit (Jamaica), Chataynn kouli, Jack fruit, Jacquier, Jak
fruit (Lesser Antilles), Jaca, Jack-fruit, Jak-fruit, Pana cimarrona Dorstenia ekmanii Urb. = Dorstenia nummularia Urb. & Ekman
(Puerto Rico). Dorstenia erythrantha Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 58. 1866.
References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 85, 123, 131, 132, 159, 224, 301, 383. Dorstenia confusa Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 9. 1924.
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Dorstenia domingensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 3. 1929.
Artocarpus hypargyreus Hance ex Benth., Fl. Hongk. 325-326. 1861. Dorstenia howardii León, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 5: 77. 1948.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to Asia. Dorstenia multisquamea Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 3. 1929.
References: 151, 254. Dorstenia nipensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 5. 1929.
Artocarpus incisus (Thunb.) L. f. = Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson)
Hispaniola.
Fosberg
Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amboin. 190. 1917.
Dorstenia fawcettii Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 2. 1929.
Artocarpus integrifolia L. f., Suppl. Pl. 412. 1782 [“1781”].
Dorstenia cordifolia Sw., Prodr. 34. 1788.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola; native to tropical Asia and Malesia.
Dorstenia marginata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 5. 1929.
References: 61, 151, 159, 254.
Artocarpus integrifolius L. f. = Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. Jamaica.
Brosimum alicastrum Sw., Prodr. 12. 1788, subsp. alicastrum References: 2, 5, 7, 85.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, and Central America; Dorstenia flagellifera Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 8. 1929.
cultivated in Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent) and Trinidad. Dorstenia hotteana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 6. 1929.
Common Names: Gateado amarillo, San Ramón (Cuba), Breadnut Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
(Jamaica). References: 5, 7, 85.
References: 2, 3, 85, 131, 132, 301.
Dorstenia hotteana Urb. & Ekman = Dorstenia flagellifera Urb. &
Brosimum spurium Sw. = Pseudolmedia spuria (Sw.) Griseb. Ekman
Bucephalon racemosum L. = Trophis racemosa (L.) Urb. Dorstenia howardii León = Dorstenia erythrantha Griseb.
Castilla elastica Cerv., Supl. Gaz. Lit. 7. 1794, subsp. elastica Dorstenia jamaicensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 567. 1908.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, References: 2, 85.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, South
Dorstenia lanei R.A. Howard & W.R. Briggs, J. Arnold Arbor. 34: 182.
America, and Old World; native to Mexico and Central America.
1953.
Common Names: Árbol del ule, Castilloa, Caucho, Goma elástica,
Hule, Olí, Ule (Cuba), Caucho, Tira-jala (Dominican Republic),
Cauchera, Caucho, Goma (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 58, 61, 86, 123, 131, 132, 224, 252, 301, 383.
Cuba (39).
Dorstenia marginata Urb. & Ekman = Dorstenia fawcettii Urb.
Castilla elastica Cerv. subsp. costaricana (Liebm.) C.C. Berg, Acta Bot.
Néerl. 18: 464. 1969. Dorstenia multisquamea Urb. = Dorstenia erythrantha Griseb.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Venezuela, and Old World; Dorstenia nipensis Urb. & Ekman = Dorstenia erythrantha Griseb.
native to Central America and Colombia.
References: 5, 6, 7, 86. Dorstenia nummularia Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 7. 1929.
Dorstenia ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 7. 1929.
Chlorophora tinctoria (L.) Gaudich. ex Benth. & Hook. f. = Maclura Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
tinctoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud. References: 3, 85.
Dorstenia caimitensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 4. 1929. Dorstenia peltata Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 22. 1822.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Dorstenia crassipes Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 58. 1866.
References: 5, 7, 85. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Dorstenia caulescens L. = Pilea caulescens (L.) Urb. (Urticaceae) Hispaniola.
References: 3, 5, 7, 85, 124.
Dorstenia confusa Britton = Dorstenia erythrantha Griseb.
Dorstenia petraea C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 58. 1866.
Dorstenia contrajerva L., Sp. Pl. 121. 1753.
Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Barbados,
References: 3, 85.
Grenada, Martinique, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Trinidad,
Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Dorstenia rocana Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 8. 1924.
Common Names: Herbe-chapeau (Lesser Antilles), Contrayerba, Tusilla Dorstenia tricolor Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 8. 1929.
(Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 1, 6, 58, 61, 85, 131, 301, 323, 340. References: 3, 39, 85.
Dorstenia cordifolia Sw. = Dorstenia fawcettii Urb.
Cuba (39).
Dorstenia crassipes Griseb. = Dorstenia peltata Spreng.
Dorstenia roigii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 9. 1924.
Dorstenia crenulata C. Wright ex Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 173. 1860. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 85.
Dorstenia tricolor Urb. & Ekman = Dorstenia rocana Britton
Dorstenia domingensis Urb. & Ekman = Dorstenia erythrantha Griseb.
Dorstenia tuberosa C. Wright ex Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 173. 1860.
number 9 8 • 569
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Ficus benghalensis L., Sp. Pl. 1059. 1753.
References: 3, 85. Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to tropical Asia.
References: 2, 159.
Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 516. 1927.
Laportea cuneata sensu Liogier, Descript. Fl. Puerto Rico adj. Isl. 1: 76. Ficus benjamina L., Mant. Pl. 1: 129. 1767.
1985. Ficus nitida Thunb., Ficus 14. 1786.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Puerto Rico, and United States; native Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto
to Asia. Rico, Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Grenada,
References: 45, 58, 159, 254. Grenadines, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia), Trinidad, and
United States (FL); native to Asia, Malesia, Australia, and Pacific
Ficus americana Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 952. 1775, subsp.
region.
americana
Common Names: Jagüey, Laurel criollo (Cuba), Arbol de Washington,
Ficus arbutifolia Link, Enum. Pl. Berol. 2: 450. 1822.
Filipo, Filpo, Higo cimarrón, Laurel, Laurel de la India
Ficus fadyenii Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 3: 219. 1867.
(Dominican Republic), Laurel benjamín (Puerto Rico), Evergreen,
Ficus jacquiniifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
Laurel fig (Lesser Antilles).
221. 1850.
References: 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 123, 131, 132, 159, 224, 464.
Ficus omphalophora Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 466. 1903.
Ficus pallida sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 151. 1859, non Vahl
Ficus pedunculata sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 151. 1859, non Aiton. Ficus berteroi Warb. = Ficus crassinervia Desf. ex Willd.
Ficus perforata L., Pl. Surin. 17. 1775. Ficus botryapioides Kunth & C.D. Bouché = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus pertusa sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 152. 1859, non L. f.
Ficus sintenisii Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 464. 1903. Ficus brevifolia Nutt. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus wilsonii Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 467. 1903. Ficus caribaea Jacq. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Urostigma pertusum Miq., London J. Bot. 6: 548. 1847.
Ficus carica L., Sp. Pl. 1059. 1753.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Rico, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
Montserrat), and Margarita; native to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Vincent), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Higo, Higuera (Cuba), Higo, Higo extranjero
Common Names: Jamaica cherry-fig (Bahamas), Jagüeicillo, Jagüey
(Dominican Republic), Figue France, Figuier, Figuier blanc (Haiti),
hembra, Jagüey pensativo (Cuba), Higuillo (Dominican Republic),
Figuier, Figuier Europe (Lesser Antilles), Fig, Higo, Higuera
Figuier canelle (Haiti), Jamaican cherry fig (Jamaica), Higuillo
(Puerto Rico).
prieto, Jagüey, Jagüey colorado (Puerto Rico), Aralie-petite cerise,
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 58, 123, 131, 132, 159, 323.
Figuier, Figuier petites feuilles, Multiplicant, White fig (Lesser
Antilles). Ficus catesbaei Steud. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 123, 152, 548. Ficus ciliolosa Link = Ficus aurea Nutt.
Ficus americana Aubl. subsp. guianensis (Desv. ex Ham.) C.C. Berg, Ficus citrifolia Hort. ex Lam. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Blumea 52: 300. 2007; Ficus guianensis Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl.
Ind. Occid. 62. 1825. Ficus citrifolia Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768, nom. cons.
Ficus grenadensis Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 481. 1903. Ficus botryapioides Kunth & C.D. Bouché, Index Seminum (Berlin)
Ficus umbonigera Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 480. 1903. 1846: 15. 1846; Ficus populnea Willd. f. botryapioides (Kunth &
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, St. Vincent), Tobago, Bouché) Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 479. 1903.
Trinidad, and South America. Ficus brevifolia Nutt., N. Amer. Sylv., ed. 2, 1: 153. 1853; Ficus
Common Name: Figuier (Lesser Antilles). laevigata Vahl var. brevifolia (Nutt.) Warb. ex Rossberg, Notizbl.
References: 1, 151, 301, 548. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 583. 1935.
Ficus catesbaei Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 636. 1840.
Ficus americana sensu H. West = Ficus nymphaeifolia Mill. Ficus caribaea Jacq., Observ. Bot. 2: 30. 1767, nom. rej.
Ficus americana sensu Sw. = Ficus wilsonii Warb. Ficus eximia Schott var. cubensis Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-
Batavum 3: 297. 1867.
Ficus arbutifolia Link = Ficus americana Aubl. subsp. americana
Ficus laevigata Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 183. 1805; Urostigma laevigatum
Ficus aurea Nutt., N. Amer. Sylv. 2(4): t. 43. 1846. (Vahl) Miq., London J. Bot. 6: 539. 1847.
Ficus ciliolosa Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 450. 1822. Ficus laevigata Vahl var. genuina Urb. subvar. portoricensis (Urb.) Urb.,
Ficus dimidiata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 151. 1859. Symb. Antill. 4: 198. 1905; Ficus portoricensis Urb., Symb. Antill.
Ficus sapotifolia Kunth & Bouché, Index Seminum (Berlin) 1846: 17. 1: 472. 1900; Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb.
1846. subvar. portoricensis (Urb.) Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3:
Ficus sororia Kunth & Bouché, Index Seminum (Berlin) 1846: 17. 1846. 474. 1903.
Ficus trigonata sensu Gard., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 49: 403. Ficus laevigata Vahl var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. obliquicuspis
1889, non L. (Warb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 198. 1905; Ficus populnea Willd.
Ficus venusta Kunth & C.D. Bouché, Index Seminum (Berlin) 1846: 16. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. obliquicuspis Warb. in
1846. I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 477. 1903.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Ficus laevigata Vahl var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. subcordata
Jamaica, and United States. (Warb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 198. 1905; Ficus populnea Willd.
Common Names: Golden wild fig (Bahamas), Higón, Higuerón, var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. subcordata Warb. in
Jagüeicillo, Jagüey hembra (Cuba), Higo cimarrón (Dominican I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 476. 1903.
Republic), Figuier blanc, Figuier (Haiti). Ficus lentiginosa Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 183. 1805; Ficus laevigata Vahl var.
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 30, 36, 45, 123, 132, 152, 550. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 198. 1905.
Ficus lentiginosa Vahl var. imrayana Domin., Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 48. (Warb.) Stehlé, M. Stehlé, & L. Quentin, Fl. Guadeloupe Dépend.
1930. 2(1): 180. 1938 [“1937”].
Ficus pedunculata Dryand ex Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 450. 1789; Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. typica
Urostigma pedunculatum (Dryand ex Aiton) Miq., London J. Bot. Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 476. 1903, nom. inval.
6: 540. 1847. Ficus populnea Willd. var. populnea f. populnea, Sp. Pl. 4: 1141. 1806;
Ficus pedunculata Dryand ex Aiton var. acuta Nutt., N. Amer. Sylv. 2: Urostigma populneum (Willd.) Miq., London J. Bot. 6: 537. 1847.
2. 1849. Ficus populoides Warb. var. dilatata Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3:
Ficus pedunculata Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 184. 1805, nom. illeg.; Ficus 480. 1903.
populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. subvar. pedunculata Ficus populoides Warb. var. elongata Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill.
(Vahl) Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 475. 1903. 3: 480. 1903.
Ficus planicostata Kunth & C.D. Bouché, Index Seminum (Berlin) Ficus populoides Warb. var. maculosa Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill.
1846: 16. 1846; Ficus populnea Willd. f. planicostata (Kunth & 3: 480. 1903.
C.D. Bouché) Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 479. 1903. Ficus populoides Warb. var. populoides in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3:
Ficus populnea Willd. var. bahamensis Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 479. 1903.
3: 473. 1903. Ficus sanctae-crucis (Liebm.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum
Ficus populnea Willd. var. brevifolia (Nutt.) Warb. subvar. cubana 3: 299. 1867; Urostigma sanctae-crucis Liebm., Kongel. Danske
Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 473. 1903. Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 5, 2: 328. 1851;
Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. subvar. sancti-
Antill. 3: 474. 1903. crucis (Liebm.) Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 475. 1903.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. subvar. hispaniolae Ficus schumacheri sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 108.
Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 476. 1903; Ficus laevigata 1883, non Griseb.
Vahl var. hispaniolae (Warb.) Rossberg, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin- Ficus syringifolia Kunth & C.D. Bouché, Index Seminum (Berlin) 1846:
Dahlem 12: 583. 1935; Ficus populnea Willd. var. hispaniolae 15. 1846; Ficus populoides Warb. var. dilatata Warb. f. syringifolia
(Warb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 8: 168. 1920. (Kunth & C.D. Bouché) Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 480.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. subvar. sancti- 1903; Urostigma syringifolium (Kunth & C.D. Bouché) Miq.,
eustachii Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 475. 1903. London J. Bot. 6: 535. 1847.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. subvar. sancti-joannis Ficus thomaea Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 3: 299. 1867;
Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 475. 1903. Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. subvar. thomaea
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. cerasicarpa (Miq.) Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 474. 1903.
Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 477. 1903; Ficus laevigata Vahl Ficus umbrifera Kunth & C.D. Bouché, Index Seminum (Berlin) 1846:
var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. cerasicarpa (Warb.) Stehlé, 15. 1846; Ficus populoides Warb. var. dilatata Warb. f. umbrifera
M. Stehlé, & L. Quentin, Fl. Guadeloupe Dépend. 2(1): 180. 1938 (Kunth & C.D. Bouché) Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 480.
[“1937”]. 1903.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. cordata Urostigma laurifolium sensu Griseb., Syst. Veg. Karaiben 46. 1857, non
Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 476. 1903. Miq.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
crassipetiolata Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 478. 1903; Ficus Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, Jost van
laevigata Vahl var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. crassipetiolata Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda),
(Warb.) Stehlé, M. Stehlé, & L. Quentin, Fl. Guadeloupe Dépend. Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica,
2(1): 181. 1938 [“1937”]. Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique,
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. diversifolia Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts,
Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 478. 1903. St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Central America, and South
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. flavicosta America.
Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 478. 1903. Common Names: Short-leaved wild fig (Bahamas), Higo, Higo
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. cimarrón, Higuillo (Dominican Republic), Figuier (Haiti), Bearded
longipetiolata Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 478. 1903. fig, Figuier, Figuier blanco, Figuier maudit, Strangler fig (Lesser
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. reticulosa Antilles), Boislaglu, Jagüeíllo, Jagüey, Jagüey macho, Jigüerillo,
Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 477. 1903; Ficus laevigata Lechecillo (Puerto Rico).
Vahl var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. reticulosa (Warb.) Stehlé, References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 19, 30, 32, 35, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 150,
M. Stehlé, & L. Quentin, Fl. Guadeloupe Dépend. 2(1): 181. 1938 151, 152, 340, 548, 550.
[“1937”]. Ficus combsii Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 456. 1903.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
subcuspidata Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 478. 1903; Common Names: Jagüey, Jagüey de playa, Jagüey macho (Cuba).
Ficus lentiginosa Vahl var. subcuspidata (Warb.) Domin., Acta References: 3, 30, 132.
Bot. Bohem. 9: 47. 1930; Ficus laevigata Vahl var. lentiginosa
(Vahl) Urb. subvar. subcuspidata (Warb.) Stehlé, M. Stehlé, & Ficus crassinervia Desf. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1138. 1806; Urostigma
L. Quentin, Fl. Guadeloupe Dépend. 2(1): 181. 1938 [“1937”]. crassinervium (Desf. ex Willd.) Miq., London J. Bot. 6: 535. 1847.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. subdepressa Ficus berteroi Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 468. 1903.
Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 477. 1903; Ficus laevigata Vahl Ficus eggersii Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 469. 1903.
var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. subdepressa (Warb.) Stehlé, Ficus ekmanii Rossberg, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 581.
M. Stehlé, & L. Quentin, Fl. Guadeloupe Dépend. 2(1): 180. 1938 1935.
[“1937”]. Ficus mamillifera Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 470. 1903.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. Ficus mamillifera Warb. var. hirsuta Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 50: 177.
subpyriformis Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 477. 1903; Ficus 1912.
laevigata Vahl var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. subpyriformis Ficus stahlii Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 470. 1903.
number 9 8 • 571
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Ficus laevigata Vahl = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola), Mexico, and Central Ficus laevigata Vahl var. brevifolia (Nutt.) Warb. ex Rossberg = Ficus
America. citrifolia Mill.
References: 2, 3, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 149, 340, 550.
Ficus laevigata Vahl var. genuina Urb. subvar. portoricensis (Urb.) Urb.
Ficus crassinervia sensu Eggers = Ficus nymphaeifolia Mill. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus crocata (Miq.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Lugduno-Batavum 3: 297. 1867; Ficus laevigata Vahl var. hispaniolae (Warb.) Rossberg = Ficus citrifolia
Urostigma crocatum Miq., London J. Bot. 6: 531. 1847. Mill.
Ficus havanensis Rossberg, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 573.
1935. Ficus laevigata Vahl var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus mitrophora Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 457. 1903. Ficus laevigata Vahl var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. cerasicarpa
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Trinidad, Mexico, Central (Warb.) Stehlé, M. Stehlé, & L. Quentin = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus laevigata Vahl var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. crassipetiolata
Common Name: Jagüey (Cuba).
(Warb.) Stehlé, M. Stehlé, & L. Quentin = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
References: 3, 5, 7, 30, 132, 149, 550.
Ficus laevigata Vahl var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. obliquicuspis
Ficus dimidiata Griseb. = Ficus aurea Nutt.
(Warb.) Urb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus drupacea Thunb., Ficus 11. 1786.
Ficus laevigata Vahl var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. reticulosa
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico; native to Asia, Malesia,
Australia, and Pacific region.
Common Names: Laurel de Mysore, Mysore fig (Puerto Rico). Ficus laevigata Vahl var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. subcordata
References: 6, 58, 131. (Warb.) Urb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus eggersii Warb. = Ficus crassinervia Desf. ex Willd. Ficus laevigata Vahl var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. subcuspidata
Ficus ekmanii Rossberg = Ficus crassinervia Desf. ex Willd.
Ficus laevigata Vahl var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. subdepressa
Ficus elastica Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 65. 1814.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Ficus laevigata Vahl var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Urb. subvar. subpyriformis
Barbados, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia), (Warb.) Stehlé, M. Stehlé, & L. Quentin = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
and Margarita; native to tropical Asia and Malesia. Ficus laurifolia sensu Griseb. in part = Ficus maxima Mill.
Common Names: Caucho, Goma elástica, Hule, Ule (Cuba), Caucho,
Higuera (Dominican Republic), Caoutchouc (Haiti), Palo de goma Ficus laurifolia sensu Griseb. in part = Ficus trigonata L.
(Puerto Rico), Indian rubber fig, Rubber plant (Virgin Islands). Ficus lentiginosa Vahl = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 159, 323.
Ficus lentiginosa Vahl var. imrayana Domin. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus elliptica sensu Griseb. = Ficus trigonata L.
Ficus lutea Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 185. 1805.
Ficus eximia Schott var. cubensis Miq. = Ficus citrifolia Mill. Ficus nekbudu Warb., Etudes Fl. Bas-Moyen-Congo, ser. 6, 1: 6. 1904.
Ficus fadyeni Miq. = Ficus americana Aubl. subsp. americana Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 3: 288.
1867.
Ficus finlayana Warb. = Ficus insipida Willd. Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; native to Africa.
Ficus grabhamii Britton = Ficus pertusa L. f. References: 151, 159, 254.
Ficus grenadensis Warb. = Ficus americana Aubl. subsp. guianensis Ficus lyrata Warb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: 172. 1894.
(Desv. ex Ham.) C.C. Berg Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Virgin
Islands (St. Croix); native to Africa.
Ficus guianensis Desv. ex Ham. = Ficus americana Aubl. subsp.
Common Names: Hoja de violín (Cuba), Higo, Honjancha (Dominican
guianensis (Desv. ex Ham.) C.C. Berg
Republic), Jagüey lirado (Puerto Rico).
Ficus halliana Britton = Ficus pertusa L. f. References: 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 159.
Ficus harrisii Warb. = Ficus membranacea C. Wright Ficus mamillifera Warb. = Ficus crassinervia Desf. ex Willd.
Ficus havanensis Rossberg = Ficus crocata (Miq.) Miq. Ficus mamillifera Warb. var. hirsuta Fawc. & Rendle = Ficus
Ficus insipida Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1143. 1806. crassinervia Desf. ex Willd.
Ficus finlayana Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 487. 1903. Ficus maxima Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Ficus krugiana Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 487. 1903. Ficus citrifolia Hort. ex Lam., Encycl. 2: 494. 1788; Ficus populnea
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Willd. f. citrifolia (Hort. ex Lam.) Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill.
Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, St. 3: 479. 1903.
Eustatius, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Trinidad, Mexico, and South Ficus laurifolia sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 150. 1859, non Lam.
America. Ficus picardae Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 484. 1903.
Common Names: Figuier maudit, Figuiera agoutia (Lesser Antilles). Ficus plumieri Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 158. 1918 [as
References: 1, 7, 30, 550. plumerii].
Ficus jacquiniifolia A. Rich. = Ficus americana Aubl. subsp. americana Ficus protensa (Griseb.) Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3(15): 147.
1883; Urostigma protensum Griseb., Bonplandia (Hannover) 6: 4.
Ficus jamaicensis (Liebm.) Miq. = Omphalea triandra L. 1858.
(Euphorbiaceae) Ficus rubricosta Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 486. 1903.
Ficus krugiana Warb. = Ficus insipida Willd. Ficus subscabrida Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 485. 1903.
Urostigma laurifolium (Hort. ex Lam.) Miq., London J. Bot. 6: 539. Ficus pedunculata Vahl = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
1847. Ficus pedunculata Dryand ex Aiton var. acuta Nutt. = Ficus citrifolia
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico, Mill.
Common Names: Higo, Higo cimarrón, Jamo, Laurel gigante Ficus perforata L. = Ficus americana Aubl. subsp. americana
(Dominican Republic), Dalmarie (Haiti). Ficus perforata sensu Miq. = Ficus pertusa L. f.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 123, 132, 301, 550.
Ficus pertusa L. f., Suppl. Pl. 442. 1782 [“1781”].
Ficus meizonochlamys Rossberg = Ficus membranacea C. Wright Ficus grabhamii Britton in W. Fawcett & A.B. Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 3:
Ficus membranacea C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. 51. 1914.
Habana 7: 514. 1871. Ficus halliana Britton in W. Fawcett & A.B. Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 3: 51.
Ficus meizonochlamys Rossberg, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 1914.
577. 1935. Ficus harrisii Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 457. Ficus morantensis Britton, Fl. Jamaica 3: 51. 1914.
1903. Ficus ochroleuca Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 151. 1859.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica. Ficus perforata sensu Miq., Amoen. Acad. 8: 265. 1775, non L.
Common Names: Jagüey, Jagüey común, Jagüey de vaca (Cuba). Ficus schumacheri (Liebm.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 151. 1859;
References: 2, 3, 30, 132, 149, 427, 550. Urostigma schumacheri Liebm., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk.
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 5, 2: 328. 1851.
Species. Ficus suffocans Banks ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 150. 1859.
Ficus surinamensis Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 3: 219. 1867.
Ficus microcarpa L. f., Suppl. Pl. 442. 1782 [“1781”]. Urostigma rolanderi Liebm., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr.,
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 5, 2: 45. 1851.
Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua), Margarita, and United States; Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Trinidad, Mexico, Central America,
native to Asia, Malesia, Australia, and Pacific region. and South America.
Common Names: Arbol de Washington, Laurel, Laurel de India, Laurel References: 2, 30, 36, 151, 152, 301, 548, 550.
de la India (Dominican Republic), Evergreen, Laurel fig (Lesser
Antilles), Laurel, Laurel de la Indía (Puerto Rico). Ficus pertusa sensu Griseb. in part = Ficus americana Aubl. subsp.
References: 1, 6, 7, 58, 61, 123, 131, 230, 323. americana
Ficus mitrophora Warb. = Ficus crocata (Miq.) Miq. Ficus picardae Warb. = Ficus maxima Mill.
Ficus morantensis Britton = Ficus pertusa L. f. Ficus planicostata Kunth & C.D. Bouché = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus natalensis Hochst. subsp. leprieurii (Miq.) C.C. Berg, Kew Bull. Ficus plumieri Urb. = Ficus maxima Mill.
43: 88. 1988. Ficus populnea Willd. f. botryapioides (Kunth & C.D. Bouché) Warb. =
Ficus triangularis Warb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: 170. 1894. Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe); native to Africa.
Ficus populnea Willd. f. citrifolia (Lam.) Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
References: 1, 30, 152, 159.
Ficus populnea Willd. f. planicostata (Kunth & C.D. Bouché) Warb. =
Ficus nekbudu Warb. = Ficus lutea Vahl
Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus nitida Thunb. = Ficus benjamina L.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. bahamensis Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus nymphaeifolia Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. brevifolia (Nutt.) Warb. subvar. cubana
Ficus americana sensu H. West, Bidr. Beskr. St. Croix 312. 1793, non
Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Aubl.
Ficus crassinervia sensu Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 147. 1879, non Willd. Ficus populnea Willd. var. hispaniolae (Warb.) Urb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus nymphoides Thunb., Ficus 7. 1786. Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus obtusifolia sensu Little et al., Trees Puerto Rico & Virgin Isl. 118.
1974, non Roxb. Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. subvar. hispaniolae
Ficus urbaniana Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 459. 1903. Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Urostigma gardnerianum Miq., London J. Bot. 6: 530. 1847. Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. subvar. pedunculata
Distribution: Native to Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Vahl) Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
(Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique,
Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. subvar. portoricensis
Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
(Urb.) Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita, Mexico,
Central America, and South America. Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. subvar. sancti-crucis
Common Names: Banyan, Black fig, Figuier, Figue grand feuilles (Lesser (Liebm.) Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Antilles). Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. subvar. sancti-
References: 1, 30, 58, 61, 151, 230, 254, 301, 323, 550. eustachii Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus nymphoides Thunb. = Ficus nymphaeifolia Mill. Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. subvar. sancti-joannis
Ficus ochroleuca Griseb. = Ficus pertusa L. f. Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus obtusifolia sensu Little et al. = Ficus nymphaeifolia Mill. Ficus populnea Willd. var. laevigata (Vahl) Warb. subvar. thomaea
(Miq.) Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus omphalophora Warb. = Ficus americana Aubl. subsp. americana
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. cordata
Ficus pallida sensu Griseb. = Ficus americana Aubl. subsp. americana
Ficus pedunculata sensu Griseb. = Ficus americana Aubl. subsp. americana
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar.
Ficus pedunculata Dryand ex Aiton = Ficus citrifolia Mill. crassipetiolata Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
number 9 8 • 573
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. diversifolia Ficus surinamensis Miq. = Ficus pertusa L. f.
Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill. Ficus syringifolia Kunth & C.D. Bouché = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. ecrasicarpa Ficus thomaea Miq. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus tinctoria G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. 76. 1786.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. flavicosta Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Jamaica; native to Asia, Malesia,
Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill. Australia, and Pacific region.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. References: 30, 159.
longipetiolata Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill. Ficus triangularis Warb. = Ficus natalensis Hochst. subsp. leprieurii
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. (Miq.) C.C. Berg
obliquicuspis Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill. Ficus trigona sensu A. Rich. = Ficus trigonata L.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. reticulosa Ficus trigonata L., Pl. Surin. 17. 1775.
Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill. Ficus elliptica sensu Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 173. 1860, non Kunth.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. subcordata Ficus laurifolia sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 150. 1859, non Lam.
Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill. Ficus trigona sensu A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11:
221. 1850, non L. f.
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar.
Ficus wrightii Warb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 461. 1903. Distribution:
subcuspidata Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. subdepressa (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat,
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. Nevis, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
subpyriformis Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill. Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Gaguey, Jagüey de peladero, Jagüey macho, Jagüey
Ficus populnea Willd. var. lentiginosa (Vahl) Warb. subvar. typica polvoso (Cuba), Abrazapalo, Higo, Higo cimarrón, Matapalo,
Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill. Mato palo (Dominican Republic), Figuier, Figuier rouge (Haiti),
Ficus populnea Willd. var. populnea f. populnea = Ficus citrifolia Mill. Banyan, Black fig Figuier, Figure grand feuilles (Lesser Antilles),
Jagüey, Jagüey blanco (Puerto Rico), Wild fig (Virgin Islands).
Ficus populoides Warb. var. dilatata Warb. f. syringifolia (Kunth &
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 230, 254,
C.D. Bouché) Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
301, 340, 550.
Ficus populoides Warb. var. dilatata Warb. f. umbrifera (Kunth & C.D.
Ficus trigonata sensu Gard. = Ficus aurea Nutt.
Bouché) Warb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus umbonigera Warb. = Ficus americana Aubl. subsp. guianensis
Ficus portoricensis Urb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
(Desv. ex Ham.) C.C. Berg
Ficus protensa (Griseb.) Hemsl. = Ficus maxima Mill.
Ficus umbrifera Kunth & C.D. Bouché = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Ficus pumila L., Sp. Pl. 1060. 1753.
Ficus urbaniana Warb. = Ficus nymphaeifolia Mill.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Ficus velutina Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1141. 1806.
St. Martin), and United States (FL); native to Asia. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America, and
Common Names: Ficus trepador, Hiedra, Jagüey trepador, Yedra South America.
(Cuba), Yedra (Dominican Republic), Lierre (Lesser Antilles), References: 7, 159, 304.
Creeping fig, Climbing fig, Hiedra, Paz y justicia, Yedra (Puerto Ficus venusta Kunth & C.D. Bouché = Ficus aurea Nutt.
Rico)
References: 1, 6, 32, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 159. Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq. = Ficus lutea Vahl
Ficus religiosa L., Sp. Pl. 1059. 1753. Ficus wilsonii Warb. = Ficus americana Aubl. subsp. americana
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Ficus wrightii Warb. = Ficus trigonata L.
United States (FL); native to tropical Asia.
Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 87.
Common Names: Álamo (Cuba), Alamo, Higuillo (Dominican
1841 subsp. tinctoria; Morus tinctoria L., Sp. Pl. 986. 1753;
Republic), Laurel (Haiti), Alamo, Botree (Puerto Rico).
Chlorophora tinctoria (L.) Gaudich. ex Benth. & Hook. f., Gen.
References: 2, 5, 6, 7, 58, 123, 131, 132, 159, 224.
Pl. 3: 363. 1880.
Ficus rubricosta Warb. = Ficus maxima Mill. Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles
Ficus sanctae-crucis (Liebm.) Miq. = Ficus citrifolia Mill. (Barbados, Grenada, Martinique, St. Lucia), Tobago, Trinidad,
Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Ficus sapotifolia Kunth & C.D. Bouché = Ficus aurea Nutt. Common Names: Mora (Cuba), Fustete, Fustic, Mora, Mora macho, Palo
Ficus schumacheri (Liebm.) Griseb. = Ficus pertusa L. f. amarillo, Palo de mora (Dominican Republic), Bois jaune (Haiti).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 58, 61, 85, 123, 131, 132, 301, 323, 340.
Ficus schumacheri sensu Bello = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Morus alba L., Sp. Pl. 986. 1753.
Ficus sintenisii Warb. = Ficus americana Aubl. subsp. americana
Ficus sororia Kunth & C.D. Bouché = Ficus aurea Nutt. to China.
Ficus stahlii Warb. = Ficus crassinervia Desf. ex Willd. Common Names: Morera, Morera común (Cuba), Morera, Morero,
Muré, Mure (Dominican Republic), Mi, Mures (Haiti), Mora
Ficus subscabrida Warb. = Ficus maxima Mill. blanca, Morera blanca (Puerto Rico).
Ficus suffocans Banks ex Griseb. = Ficus pertusa L. f. References: 5, 7, 123, 131, 132, 159.
Morus mauritiana Jacq. = Amphalis mauritiana (Jacq.) Urb. Moringa oleifera Lam., Encycl. 1: 398. 1785.
Guilandina moringa L., Sp. Pl. 381. 1753; Moringa moringa (L.)
Morus nigra L., Sp. Pl. 986. 1753.
Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser., 1(6): 490. 1902.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles
Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 314. 1791.
(Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia); native to Asia.
Common Names: Moral, Moral fruto negro, Morera, Morera de
España, Morera negra (Cuba), Mulberry, Murier noir (Lesser
Antilles), Mora negra, Morera negra (Puerto Rico).
Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
References: 1, 3, 6, 58, 61, 131, 132, 383.
Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St.
Morus tinctoria L. = Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud. Lucia, St. Martin), Bonaire, Curaçao, and Margarita; native to
Olmedia cubensis Klotzsch = Pseudolmedia spuria (Sw.) Griseb. tropical Asia.
Common Names: Horseradish-tree (Bahamas), Acacia, Ben, Flor de
Poikilospermum suaveolens (Blume) Merr., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8: 47. los masones, Jazmín de España, Palo geringa, Palo jeringa, Palo
1934. nefrítico, Paraíso francés, Tilo (Cuba), Horseradish tree, Libertad,
Distribution: Exotic in Jamaica; native to Asia and Malesia. Morringa, Olive, Palo de abeja, Palo de aceite (Dominican
References: 2, 149, 159. Republic), Ben oleifere, Benezolive, Benz’olive, Benzolivier,
Pseudolmedia spuria (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 152. 1859; Brosimum D’olive, Graines ben, Olivier (Haiti), Ben nut tree, Horse radish
spurium Sw., Prodr. 2. 1788. tree (Jamaica), Ben aile, Horseradish tree, Maloko, Orselli (Lesser
Olmedia cubensis Klotzsch, Linnaea 20: 523. 1847. Antilles), Angela, Ben, Jazmín francés (Puerto Rico), Horse-radish
Pseudolmedia havanensis Trécul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 8: 130. 1847. tree (Virgin Islands).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132,
Mexico, and Central America. 151, 159, 224, 323, 340, 383.
Common Names: Purio, Macagua amarilla, Macagua (Cuba), Macao Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
(Dominican Republic), Bois merise, Longue barbe, Palo de leche Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn. = Moringa oleifera Lam.
(Haiti), Bastard breadnut (Jamaica), Negra lora (Puerto Rico).
References: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 58, 61, 85, 123, 131, 132, 151, 152.
Sitodium altile Parkinson = Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg Muntingiaceae
Trophis americana L. = Trophis racemosa (L.) Urb.
Trophis racemosa (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 195. 1905; Bucephalon Taxa. Total: 1; native: 0; endemic: 0.
racemosum L., Sp. Pl. 1190. 1753.
Trophis americana L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1289. 1759. Muntingia calabura L., Sp. Pl. 509. 1753.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Distribution: Widely cultivated and often naturalized, occurs in
Mexico, Central America, and South America. Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Tobago, and
Common Names: Palo ramón, Ramón de bestia, Ramón de caballos Trinidad; native to Central America and South America.
(Cuba), Ramón, Ramón de bestia, Ramón de vaca, Ramón Common Names: Jamaican cherry (Bahamas), Capulí, Capulinas,
de yegua (Dominican Republic), Bois neuf (Haiti), Ramón, Guácima boba, Guasimilla, Memiso (Cuba), Memiso (Dominican
Ramoncillo (Puerto Rico). Republic), Bois d’orme, Bois de soie, Bois de soie marron, Bois
References: 2, 3, 7, 30, 58, 61, 85, 123, 131, 132, 151, 306, 340. soie, Bois soie marron (Haiti), Jamaican cherry (Jamaica), Capulín
(Puerto Rico).
Urostigma crassinervium Miq. = Ficus crassinervia Desf. ex Willd.
References: 2, 3, 5, 7, 45, 58, 123, 131, 132, 150, 301, 383.
Urostigma crocatum Miq. = Ficus crocata (Miq.) Miq.
Urostigma gardnerianum Miq. = Ficus nymphaeifolia Mill.
Musaceae
Urostigma laevigatum (Vahl) Miq. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Urostigma laurifolium (Hort. ex Lam.) Miq. = Ficus maxima Mill. Genera. Total: 1; native: 0 ; endemic: 0.
Urostigma laurifolium sensu Griseb. = Ficus citrifolia Mill.
Urostigma pedunculatum (Dryand ex Aiton) Miq. = Ficus citrifolia Mill. Musa AA, sterile diploids. Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico and
throughout the West Indies.
Urostigma pertusum Miq. = Ficus americana Aubl. subsp. americana
Reference: 28.
Urostigma populneum (Willd.) Miq. = Ficus citrifolia Mill. Common Names: Datil, Guineito, Niño (Puerto Rico).
Urostigma protensum Griseb. = Ficus maxima Mill. Musa AAA, sterile triploids.
Urostigma rolanderi Liebm. = Ficus pertusa L. f. Musa acuminata Colla, Mem. Gen. Musa: 66. 1820.
Musa cavendishii Lamb. ex Paxton, Mag. Hort. Bot. 3: 51. 1837.
Urostigma sanctae-crucis Liebm. = Ficus citrifolia Mill. Musa corniculata (Rumph.) Kurz, J. Agric. Soc. India 14: 166. 1867.
Urostigma schumacheri Liebm. = Ficus pertusa L. f. Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba,
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles,
United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America;
MORINGACEAE widely cultivated, origin unknown.
References: 1, 2, 5, 28, 61, 123, 131, 147, 159, 168.
Genera. Total: 1; native: 0; endemic: 0. Common Names: Colorado blanco, Guarán, Guineo enano, Guineo
Taxa. Total: 1; native: 0; endemic: 0. gigante, Monte cristo, Monte cristo enano, Morado verde (Puerto
Rico), Dwarf banana, Fig banana (Virgin Islands).
Moringa moringa (L.) Millsp. = Moringa oleifera Lam.
number 9 8 • 575
Musa AAB, sterile triploids. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Musa sapientum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1303. 1759; Musa x paradisiaca Jamaica, Puerto Rico, North America, Mexico, Central America.
L. subsp. sapientum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 692. 1891. Common Names: Bay-berry, Mickle-berry, Wax-berry, Wild tea
Musa x paradisiaca L., Sp. Pl. 1043. 1753. (Bahamas), Araigán, Arraigán (Cuba), Arbol de cera, Arrayán, Palo
Musa x paradisiaca L. subsp. normalis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 692. de cera, Perico, Tiguapan, Tiguapén (Dominican Republic), Wax
1891, nom. inval. berry, Wax wood (Jamaica), Arrayán, Bay-berry, Cerero,Wax-berry
Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, (Puerto Rico).
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 45, 58, 61, 152.
Margarita, United States, Mexico, Central America, and South
Myrica domingana C. DC. = Myrica cerifera L.
America; widely cultivated, origin unknown.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 28, 30, 61, 323, 340. Myrica holdridgeana Lundell, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 7: 5. 1942.
Common Names: Cuarenteno, Jartón, Manzano, Maricongo, Plátano Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
común, Plátano congo, Plátano enano (Puerto Rico). Common Name: Palo de cera (Puerto Rico).
References: 6, 58.
Musa ABB, sterile triploids.
Distribution: Cultivated in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Myrica jamaicensis R.A. Howard & Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 39 : 104.
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, 1958.
United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America; Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
widely cultivated, origin unknown. References: 2, 152.
Reference: 28. Myrica microcarpa Benth., Pl. Hartw. 266. 1846.
Common Names: Plátano enano (Cuba), Chamaluco, Chamaluco Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
enano, Cuatrofilos, Forrongo, Mafafo, Malango, Piche, Plátano Jamaica.
enano (Puerto Rico). Common Names: Arraigán (Cuba), Arrayán (Dominican Republic),
Musa acuminata Colla = Musa AAA, sterile triploids Caca-ravet (Lesser Antilles).
Musa cavendishii Lamb. ex Paxton = Musa AAA, sterile triploids
Myrica microcarpa sensu Griseb. = Myrica cerifera L.
Musa corniculata (Rumph.) Kurz = Musa AAA, sterile triploids
Myrica microstachya Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 361. 1892.
Musa x paradisiaca L. = Musa AAB, sterile triploids
Musa x paradisiaca L. subsp. normalis Kuntze = Musa AAB, sterile References: 2, 30, 137, 152.
triploids
Myrica picardae Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 359. 1892.
Musa x paradisiaca L. subsp. sapientum (L.) Kuntze = Musa AAB, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
sterile triploids Common Name: Palo de cera (Dominican Republic).
Musa sapientum L. = Musa AAB, sterile triploids References: 5, 7.
Musa velutina H. Wendl. & Drude, Gartenflora 24: 65. 1875. Myrica pubescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 746. 1806.
Distribution: Cultivated in Puerto Rico. Distribution: Native to Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Dominica,
References: 28, 147. Guadeloupe), and South America.
References: 1, 151.
NOTE
Myrica punctata Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 177. 1860.
The use of binomials has been applied to Musa cultivars, giving the Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
wrong impression for them to be real species. In this treatment, we Reference: 3.
follow Simmonds (571) by using a system that employs groups of letters
Myrica reticulata Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 360. 1892.
to describe the genome of these sterile diploid or triploid cultivars. The
name Musa acuminata Colla applies to both sterile diploid and triploid
References: 5, 7.
groups.
Myrica segregata Jacq. = Forestiera segregata (Jacq.) Krug & Urb.
(Oleaceae)
Myricaceae Myrica shaferi Urb. & Britton in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 190. 1912.
Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0. References: 3, 30.
Myrica apiculata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 13. 1928.
Myristicaceae
References: 5, 7.
Myrica cacuminis Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 35. Taxa. Total: 2; native: 0; endemic: 0.
1923.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Myristica fragrans Houtt., Nat. Hist. 2(3): 333. 1774.
Reference: 3. Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Myrica cerifera L., Sp. Pl. 1024. 1753.
Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent); native to Malesia.
Myrica domingana C. DC. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 154.
Common Names: Nuez moscada (Cuba), Nuez moscada, Nutmeg
1868.
(Dominican Republic), Muscade, Muscadier, Noix muscade,
Myrica microcarpa sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 177. 1859, non Benth.
Noix de muscade (Haiti), Nutmeg (Jamaica), Muscadier, Noix de
muscade, Nutmeg, Pied-muscade (Lesser Antilles), Nuez moscada, Anamomis umbellulifera (Kunth) Britton = Pseudanamomis
Nutmeg (Puerto Rico). umbellulifera (Kunth) Kausel
References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 58, 123, 131, 132. Aulacocarpus wrightii Griseb. = Mouriri spathulata Griseb. var.
Virola surinamensis (Rol.) Warb., Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. spathulata (Melastomataceae)
German. Nat. Cur. 68: 208. 1897. Aulomyrcia citrifolia (Aubl.) Amshoff = Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Martinique); native to Tobago,
Trinidad, and South America. Aulomyrcia leptoclada (DC.) O. Berg = Myrcia amazonica DC.
Common Names: Wild nutmeg, Muscadier fou (Lesser Antilles). Aulomyrcia sagrae O. Berg = Myrcia valenzuelana (A. Rich.) Griseb.
Blepharocalyx eggersii (Kiaersk.) Landrum, Syst. Bot. 11: 159. 1986;
Marlieriopsis eggersii Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 282. 1890;
Mitranthes eggersii (Kiaersk.) Nied. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E.
Myrtaceae
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(7): 72. 1893.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, St.
Vincent) and South America.
Common Names: Caconier, Cerisier-montagne, Petite-feuille (Lesser
Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: Antilles).
59. 1941. References: 1, 31, 147.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba; native to Central America and South Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels, U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull.
America. 282: 49. 1913.
Common Name: Guayaba de Brasil (Cuba). Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Australia.
References: 132, 282. Common Names: Limpia botella (Dominican Republic), Bottlebrush,
Amomis anisomera Urb. & Ekman = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Ceptillo (Puerto Rico).
Moore var. ozua (Urb. & Ekman) Landrum References: 58, 123, 131, 159, 254.
Amomis caryophyllata (Jacq.) Krug & Urb. = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) Callistemon speciosus DC., Prodr. 3: 224. 1828.
J.W. Moore var. racemosa Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Puerto Rico; native to Australia.
Common Names: Calistemon, Josefina, Palo basigato (Cuba).
Amomis caryophyllata (Jacq.) Krug & Urb. var. grisea (Kiaersk.) Urb. References: 58, 132, 159.
= Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore var. grisea (Kiaersk.)
Fosberg Callistemon viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) G. Don ex Loudon in J.C.
Loudon, Hort. Brit. 197. 1830.
Amomis grisea (Kiaersk.) Britton = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas; native to Australia.
Moore var. grisea (Kiaersk.) Fosberg Common Name: Weeping bottlebrush (Bahamas).
Amomis hispaniolensis Urb. = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore References: 45, 147.
var. hispaniolensis (Urb.) Landrum Calycolpus cristalense (Urb.) Bisse = Eugenia cristalensis Urb.
Amomis jamaicensis Britton & Harris = Pimenta jamaicensis (Britton & Calycolpus exisus (Urb.) Bisse = Eugenia excisa Urb.
Harris) Proctor
Calycolpus lucens (Alain) Bisse = Eugenia lucens Alain
Amomis odiolens Urb. = Pimenta odiolens (Urb.) Burret
Calycolpus nipense (Urb.) Bisse = Eugenia nipensis Urb.
Amomis ozua Urb. & Ekman = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore
var. ozua (Urb. & Ekman) Landrum Calycorectes cubensis Griseb. = Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex
Willd.) O. Berg
Amomis pauciflora Urb. = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore var.
hispaniolensis (Urb.) Landrum Calycorectes dominicanus Mattos, Loefgrenia 112: 1. 1998.
Amomis pilotoana Urb. = Pimenta cainitoides (Urb.) Burret References: 147, 149.
Amomis pimento O. Berg = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore var. Calycorectes ekmanii Urb. = Hottea ekmanii (Urb.) Borhidi
racemosa
Calycorectes minutifolius Mattos, Loefgrenia 113: 1. 1999; Eugenia
Anamomis bahamensis (Kiaersk.) Britton ex Small = Mosiera longipes minutifolia (Mattos) Mattos, Loefgrenia 113: 1. 1999.
(O. Berg) Small Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Anamomis ferruginea Griseb. = Pimenta ferruginea (Griseb.) Burret Reference: 147.
Anamomis fragrans (Sw.) Griseb. = Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) Calycorectes moana Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Hottea moana (Borhidi &
McVaugh O. Muñiz) Borhidi
Anamomis grandis Britton = Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh Calycorectes protractus Griseb. = Psidium sartorianum (O. Berg) Nied.
Anamomis guayabillo (A. Rich.) Griseb. = Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) Calyptranthes acevedoi Alain, Phytologia 61: 353. 1986.
McVaugh Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Anamomis lucayana Britton = Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh
Calyptranthes acunae Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 13. 1977.
Anamomis longipes (O. Berg) Britton ex Small = Mosiera longipes
(O. Berg) Small
Anamomis punctata Griseb. = Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Anamomis reticulata Britton & P. Wilson = Myrcia manacalensis Urb. Cuba (39).
number 9 8 • 577
Calyptranthes acutissima Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 22. 1909. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 2, 30, 147, 427. Calyptranthes canapuensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 484. 1928.
Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Threatened Species. References: 3, 30, 147.
Calyptranthes albicans Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 18. 1977. Calyptranthes capitata Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 272. 1982.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Cuba (39). Species.
Calyptranthes anacletoi Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 15. 1977. Calyptranthes capitulata C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Méd. Habana 5: 429. 1873, var. capitulata
Reference: 149. Marlierea elliptica Griseb. var. cubensis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 86. 1866.
Calyptranthes apicata (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 482.1928; Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Calyptranthes rigida Sw. var. apicata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 86. 1866. References: 3, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Calyptranthes capitulata C. Wright ex Sauvalle var. caroli (Britton
References: 3, 30, 147. & P. Wilson) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 62: 26. 1975;
Calyptranthes apoda Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 96. 1923. Calyptranthes caroli Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
References: 3, 30, 147. Calyptranthes carolii Britton & P. Wilson var. longipedunculata
Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 215. 1947.
Calyptranthes arborea Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 27. 1927.
References: 3, 147, 149, 156.
References: 7, 149.
Calyptranthes cardiophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 96. 1923.
Calyptranthes arenicola Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 478. 1928.
References: 3, 30, 39, 147, 427.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora Calyptranthes carolii Britton & P. Wilson = Calyptranthes capitulata
of Cuba (39) and critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of C. Wright ex Sauvalle var. carolii (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi &
Threatened Species. O. Muñiz
Calyptranthes banilejoana Alain, Phytologia 61: 354. 1986. Calyptranthes carolii Britton & P. Wilson var. longipedunculata
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Moldenke = Calyptranthes capitulata C. Wright ex Sauvalle var.
References: 8, 149. carolii (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi & O. Muñiz
Calyptranthes baracoensis Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 14. 1977. Calyptranthes chrysophylloides Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 31.
References: 39, 149. Calyptranthes chrysophylloides Urb. & Ekman var. minor Urb. &
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 31. 1929.
References: 7, 149.
Calyptranthes barkeri Ekman & Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 32. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Calyptranthes chrysophylloides Urb. & Ekman var. minor Urb. &
References: 7, 149. Ekman = Calyptranthes chrysophylloides Urb. & Ekman
Calyptranthes bergii Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 601. 1895. Calyptranthes chytraculia (L.) Sw., Prodr. 79. 1788; Myrtus chytraculia
Calyptranthes thomasiana O. Berg var. obscura O. Berg, Linnaea 30: L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1056. 1759.
652. 1861. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America, and
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. South America.
References: 3, 147. Common Names: Comecará, Mondacapullo (Cuba), Bastard greenheart
(Jamaica).
Calyptranthes bialata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 95. 1923.
References: 3, 30, 147. Calyptranthes chytraculia sensu Bello = Calyptranthes sintenisii Kiaersk.
Calyptranthes boldinghii Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 22. 1909. Calyptranthes chytraculia (L.) Sw. var. pauciflora O. Berg =
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (St. Martin). Calyptranthes pallens Griseb.
References: 1, 147, 30. Calyptranthes clarendonensis Proctor = Mitranthes clarendonensis
Calyptranthes bracteosa Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 26. 1927. (Proctor) Proctor
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Calyptranthes clarensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
References: 7, 149. 16: 87. 1920.
Calyptranthes calophylla Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 28. 1929. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 7, 149. Calyptranthes clementis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
Calyptranthes calyptrata Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 181. 1860. 16: 87. 1920.

Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Calyptranthes ermitensis Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 15. 1977.
Calyptranthes collina Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 22. 1926. References: 39, 149.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Calyptranthes compressa Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 367. Calyptranthes estremerae Alain, Phytologia 58: 325. 1985 [as
1922. estremenae].
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Note: The species honors W. Estremera therefore, the spelling should be
Calyptranthes cristalensis Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 16. 1977.
estremerae not estremenae.
References: 147, 149. Calyptranthes exasperata Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 17. 1977.
Calyptranthes cubensis O. Berg, Linnaea 29: 215. 1858; Chytraculia
cubensis (O. Berg) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 238. 1891.
Cuba (39).
References: 3, 147.
Calyptranthes fasciculata O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 31. 1855.
Calyptranthes cuprea O. Berg, Linnaea 30: 653. 1861; Chytraculia
Calyptranthes sericea Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 233. 1860.
cuprea (O. Berg) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 238. 1891.
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique), Tobago,
Calyptranthes ferruginea Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 602. 1895.
Trinidad, and South America.
Calyptranthes ferruginea Krug & Urb. var. cajalbanica Borhidi & O.
Common Names: Bois de basse rouge, Guépois (Lesser Antilles).
Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 14. 1977.
Eugenia ferruginea A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Vasc. 591. 1845. Calyptranthes fawcettii Krug & Urb. = Calyptranthes rigida Sw.
Eugenia stuposa A. Rich. ex O. Berg, Linnaea 30: 699. 1861. Calyptranthes ferruginea Krug & Urb. = Calyptranthes cuprea O. Berg
References: 3, 147, 149. Calyptranthes ferruginea Krug & Urb. var. cajalbanica Borhidi &
O. Muñiz = Calyptranthes cuprea O. Berg
Calyptranthes decandra Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 181. 1860.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Calyptranthes flavoviridis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 477. 1928.
References: 3, 30, 39, 427.
Calyptranthes densifolia Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 23. 1926. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). of Cuba (39) and critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
References: 7, 149. Threatened Species.
Calyptranthes depressa Urb., Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 23. 1931. Calyptranthes forsteri O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 23. 1855.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Lucia) and
Calyptranthes discolor Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 443. 1908. Common Names: Debasse blanc, Debasse rouge (Lesser Antilles).
Common Name: Mountain bay (Jamaica). Calyptranthes garciae Alain & M.M. Mejía, Moscosoa 9: 8. 1997.
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. References: 149, 156.
Calyptranthes dumetorum Alain = Calyptranthes peduncularis Alain Calyptranthes glabrescens Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 596. 1895.
Calyptranthes ekmanii Urb. = Calyptrogenia ekmanii (Urb.) Burret Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 147.
Calyptranthes elegans Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 599. 1895.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Calyptranthes gracilipes C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci.
Vincent). Méd. Habana 5: 428. 1869.
Common Names: Bashy guava, Bois baguette, Bois petite feuille (Lesser Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Antilles). References: 3, 147, 350.
Reference: 1. Calyptranthes grandis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 20. 1931.
Calyptranthes elongata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 94. 1923. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
References: 3, 30, 147. Calyptranthes guayabillo Alain, Phytologia 61: 354. 1986.
Calyptranthes enneantha C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Méd. Habana 5: 429. 1869. References: 7, 152.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Calyptranthes heterochroa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 91. 1923.
Calyptranthes eriocephala Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 297. 1912. References: 3, 30, 147.
number 9 8 • 579
Calyptranthes heteroclada Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 21. 1931. References: 58, 427.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
References: 7, 149. Species.
Calyptranthes hotteana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 24. 1927. Calyptranthes maestrensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 85. 1923.
Calyptranthes impressa Urb. = Calyptranthes umbelliformis Krug & Urb. Calyptranthes marmeladensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 30.
Calyptranthes insularis Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 1929.
4(2): 5. 1983. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Reference: 149. Calyptranthes martorellii Alain, Phytologia 58: 326. 1985.
Calyptranthes involucrata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 24. 1931. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
References: 7, 149. Calyptranthes maxonii Britton & Urb. = Mitranthes maxonii (Britton
Calyptranthes jimenoana Alain, Phytologia 61: 355. 1986. & Urb.) Proctor
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Calyptranthes mayarensis Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 15. 1977.
Calyptranthes kiaerskovii Krug & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: References: 39, 149.
Distribution: Endemic to Virgin Islands (Tortola, Virgin Gorda). Cuba (39).
References: 30, 61, 427. Calyptranthes micrantha C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 85. 1866.
Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Threatened Species. References: 3, 147, 350.
Calyptranthes krugii Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 248. 1889. Calyptranthes minutiflora Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 18. 1977.
Calyptranthes laevigata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 21. 1931. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Reference: 7. Calyptranthes mirabilis Bisse & A. Rodr., Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ.
Calyptranthes leonis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 17. 1977. Habana 1(2-3): 42. 1981 [“1980”].
Calyptranthes leptoclada Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 93. 1923. Calyptranthes moaensis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio
Calyptranthes montana Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: “De La Salle” 12: 9. 1953.
References: 3, 30. Calyptranthes monocarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 95. 1923.
Calyptranthes levisensis Bisse & A. Rodr., Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Habana 1(2-3): 43. 1981 [“1980”]. References: 3, 30, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Calyptranthes montana Britton & P. Wilson = Calyptranthes leptoclada
Reference: 149. Urb.
Calyptranthes limoncillo Alain, Phytologia 61: 355. 1986. Calyptranthes mornicola Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 29. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Calyptranthes linearis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De Calyptranthes munizii Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 14. 1977.
La Salle” 12: 8. 1953. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cuba (39).
Calyptranthes myrcioides Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 25. 1931.
Calyptranthes litoralis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 24. 1927. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Reference: 7.
Calyptranthes nipensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 14.
Calyptranthes lomensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 478. 1928. 1977.
Calyptranthes luquillensis Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 189. 1963. Calyptranthes nodosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 444. 1908.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 2, 427. Calyptranthes pinetorum Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened 43: 465. 1916.
References: 3, 147.
Calyptranthes nummularia O. Berg, Linnaea 30: 652. 1861;
Chytraculia nummularia (O. Berg) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 238. Calyptranthes pitoniana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 23. 1927.
1891. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Reference: 7. Calyptranthes pocsiana Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 17. 1977.
Calyptranthes oblanceolata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 91. 1923. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 30, 147. Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species.
Calyptranthes oblongifolia R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 122.
1947. Calyptranthes polyneura Urb. = Myrcia polyneura (Urb.) Borhidi
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Calyptranthes polysticta Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 298. 1912.
Calyptranthes oligantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 92. 1923. References: 3, 30, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Calyptranthes portoricensis Britton = Myrcia portoricensis (Britton)
References: 3, 30, 147. Cedeño-Mald. & Breckon ex F.S. Axelrod
Calyptranthes ottonis (O. Berg) C. Wright = Mitranthes ottonis O. Berg Calyptranthes pozasiana Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 479. 1928.
Calyptranthes pachyadenia Urb. & Ekman in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
9: 481. 1928. References: 3, 30, 39.
Calyptranthes pallens Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen Calyptranthes proctorii Acev.-Rodr., Brittonia 51: 168. 1999;
7: 215. 1857; Eugenia pallens Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Calyptranthes uniflora Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 272. 1982,
Encycl. Suppl. 3: 122. 1813; Chytraculia pallens (Griseb.) Britton nom. illeg.
in G.B. Shattuck, Bahama Islands 260. 1905. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Calyptranthes chytraculia (L.) Sw. var. pauciflora O. Berg, Linnaea References: 147, 149, 427.
27: 27. 1855; Chytraculia chytraculia (L.) Sudw. var. pauciflora Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
(O. Berg) Sudw., Bull. Div. Forest. U.S.D.A. 14: 305. 1897. Threatened Species.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Calyptranthes protracta Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 480. 1928.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Virgin Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Marie Galante), United References: 3, 30, 147.
States, Mexico, and Central America.
Common Names: Spice-wood, White stopper (Bahamas), Calyptranthes pseudoapoda Bisse & A. Rodr., Revista Jard. Bot. Nac.
Mondacapullo, Monde capullo (Cuba), Arrayán, Limoncillo Univ. Habana 1(2-3): 44. 1981 [“1980”].
(Dominican Republic), Bois de basse (Lesser Antilles), Tapón Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
blanco (Puerto Rico), Pale lidflower, White stopper (Virgin Islands). References: 39, 149.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Calyptranthes palustris Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 22. 1931.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Calyptranthes pseudomoaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64:
References: 7, 149. 16. 1977.
Calyptranthes paradoxa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 97. 1923. Reference:149.
References: 3, 30. Calyptranthes punctata Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 181. 1860.
Calyptranthes peduncularis Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 189. Common Name: Clavellina (Cuba).
Calyptranthes dumetorum Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 92: 298. 1965.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Calyptranthes ramosissima Urb. = Plinia ramosissima (Urb.) Urb.
Reference: 58. Calyptranthes rhodophylla Ekman & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9:
Calyptranthes peninsularis Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 480. 1928.
4(2): 3. 1983. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 149. Calyptranthes rigida Sw., Prodr. 80. 1788.
Calyptranthes picachoana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 26. 1931. Calyptranthes fawcettii Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 600. 1895.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Jamaica.
Calyptranthes picardae Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 595. 1895. Calyptranthes rigida Sw. var. apicata Griseb. = Calyptranthes apicata
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. (Griseb.) Urb.
Reference: 7. Calyptranthes rostrata Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 181. 1860.
number 9 8 • 581
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Calyptranthes umbelliformis Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 596.
References: 3, 39, 147, 427. 1895.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Calyptranthes impressa Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 442. 1908.
Cuba (39) and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Species. References: 2, 30, 147, 427.
Calyptranthes rotundata Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 181. 1860.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Calyptranthes uniflora Proctor = Calyptranthes proctorii Acev.-Rodr.
References: 3, 147. Calyptranthes wilsonii Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 233. 1860.
Calyptranthes rupicola Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 295. 1912. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 3, 30, 147. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species.
Calyptranthes salicifolia Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 29. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Calyptranthes woodburyi Alain, Phytologia 54: 107. 1983.
Reference: 7. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Reference: 58.
Calyptranthes samuelssonii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 26. 1927.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Calyptranthes yaquensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 24. 1931.
Reference: 7.
Calyptranthes selleana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 33. 1929.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Calyptranthes yaraensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 481. 1928.
Calyptranthes sericea Griseb. = Calyptranthes fasciculata O. Berg
Calyptranthes zuzygium (L.) Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2(1): 919. 1798;
Calyptranthes sintenisii Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 250. 1889.
Myrtus zuzygium L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 240. 1759.
Calyptranthes chytraculia sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10:
270. 1881, non Sw.
Rico, and United States.
Common Names: Myrtle-of-the-river (Bahamas); Arraiján blanco
Puerto Rico.
Coral, Mondacapullo, Monde capullo, Pata de yegua (Cuba),
Common Names: Limoncillo cimarrón, Malagueta (Dominican
Escoba, Escobón, Palo de puerco (Dominican Republic).
Republic), Petit bois pin (Haiti), Limoncillo del monte (Puerto Rico).
References: 2, 3, 4, 5, 45, 58.
References: 7, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 340.
*Calyptrogenia biflora Alain, Moscosoa 1(1): 28. 1976.
Calyptranthes sordida Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 25. 1927.
References: 7, 152.
Reference: 7.
*Calyptrogenia bracteosa (Urb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-
Calyptranthes subcapitata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 483. 1928.
Dahlem 15: 546. 1941; Calyptropsidium bracteosum Urb., Ark.
Bot. 21A(5): 20. 1927.
Calyptranthes terniflora Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 23. 1926. Reference: 7.
*Calyptrogenia cuspidata Alain, Phytologia 61: 356. 1986.
Reference: 7.
Calyptranthes thomasiana O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 26. 1855. References: 7, 152.
Distribution: Endemic to Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Virgin
*Calyptrogenia ekmanii (Urb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-
Gorda).
Dahlem 15: 545. 1941; Calyptranthes ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot.
References: 19, 58, 61, 427, 633.
22A(10): 32. 1929.
by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Reported for Puerto
Jamaica.
Rico in error.
Calyptranthes thomasiana O. Berg var. obscura O. Berg = Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Calyptranthes bergii Krug & Urb. Species.
Calyptranthes toaensis Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 16. 1977. *Calyptrogenia grandiflora Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem
Reference: 149. Calyptropsidium ekmanii Urb., Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 17. 1931;
Calyptranthes triflora Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 189. 1963. Neomitranthes ekmanii (Urb.) Mattos, Loefgrenia 99: 6. 1990.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Calyptranthes tussaceana O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 25. 1855. *Calyptrogenia jeremiensis (Urb. & Ekman) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Calyptranthes rigida Tussac, Fl. Antill. 3: 91. 1824, nom. illeg. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 545. 1941; Eugenia jeremiensis Urb. & Ekman,
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 29. 1931.
References: 137, 147. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Hispaniola and
Note: Known only from Tussac’s original description and figure, no Jamaica.
collection known. References: 2, 7.
Calyptropsidium bracteosum Urb. = Calyptrogenia bracteosa (Urb.) Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles.
Burret Common Names: Caoba de los bosques, Eucalipto (Cuba), Eucalipto
medicinal (Puerto Rico).
Calyptropsidium ekmanii Urb. = Calyptrogenia grandiflora Burret
References: 1, 58, 131, 132, 147, 254.
Calyptropsidium sartorianum (O. Berg) Krug & Urb. = Psidium
Eucalyptus robusta Sm., Spec. Bot. New Holland 39. 1795.
sartorianum (O. Berg) Nied.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Puerto Rico; native to Australia.
Calyptropsidium sintenisii Kiaersk. = Psidium sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Alain Common Names: Caoba de los pantanos, Eucalipto (Cuba), Alcanfor,
Caryophyllus racemosus Mill. = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore Eucalipto de alcanfor (Puerto Rico).
var. racemosa References: 3, 58, 131, 132, 147, 254, 383.
Chytraculia chytraculia (L.) Sudw. var. pauciflora (O. Berg) Sudw. = Eucalyptus rostrata Schltdl. = Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.
Calyptranthes pallens Griseb. Eucalyptus saligna Sm., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 3: 285. 1797.
Chytraculia cubensis (O. Berg) Kuntze = Calyptranthes cubensis Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Australia.
O. Berg References: 147, 254.
Chytraculia cuprea (O. Berg) Kuntze = Calyptranthes cuprea O. Berg Eugenia abbottiana Urb. = Myrcia abbottiana (Urb.) Alain
Chytraculia nummularia (O. Berg) Kuntze = Calyptranthes nummularia Eugenia abbreviata Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 24. 1909.
O. Berg Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 2, 30, 147, 427.
Chytraculia pallens (Griseb.) Britton = Calyptranthes pallens Griseb. Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson, Telopea 6: Species.
388. 1995; Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. in T.L. Mitchell, J. Exped. Eugenia abeggii Urb. & Ekman = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore
Trop. Australia: 235. 1848. var. terebinthina (Burret) Landrum
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico; native to
Australia. Eugenia aboukirensis Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 273. 1982.
Common Names: Eucalipto (Cuba), Eucalipto (Dominican Republic), Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Eucalipto de limón, Eucalipto oloroso, Eucalipto de pantano References: 147, 149, 254, 427.
(Puerto Rico) Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
References: 58, 123, 131, 132, 147. Threatened Species.
Corymbia maculata (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson, Telopea 6: Eugenia aceitillo Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 513. 1928.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Australia. Common Name: Aceitillo (Cuba).
Cryptorhiza haitiensis Urb. = Pimenta haitiensis (Urb.) Landrum Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Eucalyptus botryoides Sm., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 3: 286. 1797. Eugenia acrantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 101. 1923.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Australia. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., Cat. Pl. Horti Camald., ed. 2, 20. Eugenia acrisepala Govaerts in R.H.A. Govaerts & al., World
1832. Checklist Myrtaceae 130. 2008.
Eucalyptus rostrata Schltdl., Linnaea 20: 655. 1847. Eugenia acutisepala Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 29. 1967,
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Tortola, Virgin nom. illeg.
Gorda); native to Australia. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. in T.L. Mitchell = Corymbia citriodora Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
(Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson Species.
Eucalyptus deglupta Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 83. 1850. Eugenia acunae Alain, Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 10: 30. 1953.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba and Puerto Rico; native to Philippines and Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
New Guinea. References: 3, 149, 152, 427.
Common Name: Eucalipto (Cuba). Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
References: 58, 132, 147, 254. Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Eucalyptus exserta F. Muell., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 85. 1859. Eugenia acutiloba DC. = Eugenia biflora (L.) DC.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola. Eugenia acutisepala Proctor = Eugenia acrisepala Govaerts
Eugenia acutissima Urb. & Ekman in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 502.
Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Voy. Rech. Pérouse 1: 153. 1800. 1928.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique); native Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
to Australia. References: 3, 30, 147, 427.
References: 1, 147, 254. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora
Eucalyptus x kirtoniana F. Muell., Eucalyptographia 1: t. 9. 1879. of Cuba (39) and critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Australia. Threatened Species.
References: 147, 254. Eugenia adenoclada Urb. = Pimenta adenoclada (Urb.) Burret
Eucalyptus resinifera Sm. in J. White, J. Voy. N.S.W. 231. 1790.
number 9 8 • 583
Eugenia aeruginea DC., Prodr. 3: 283. 1828. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.

Eugenia fadyenii Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 622. 1895. References: 3, 30.
Eugenia fadyenii Krug & Urb. var. glabra Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb.
Eugenia arnoldsonii Urb. = Eugenia gibberosa Urb.
Syst. 19: 623. 1895.
Eugenia greggii sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 238. 1860, non Poir. Eugenia asa-grayi Krug & Urb. = Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex
Eugenia tetrasperma sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 4: 80. 1886, Willd.) O. Berg
non Bello. Eugenia asperifolia O. Berg, Linnaea 30: 674. 1861.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Eugenia microphylla A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Mexico, and Central America. Vasc. 584. 1845.
Common Names: Comecará (Cuba) Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Eugenia affinis DC. = Eugenia glabrata (Sw.) DC. Eugenia atricha Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 305. 1924.
Eugenia alainii Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 39. 1973. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Cuba (39).
Eugenia albicans (O. Berg) Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 617. 1895;
Stenocalyx albicans O. Berg, Linnaea 30: 698. 1861. Eugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 960. 1799; Myrtus axillaris
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Sw., Prodr. 78. 1788.
Tobago, and South America. Eugenia flavovirens sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 4: 86. 1886,
Common Name: Dos blanc (Lesser Antilles). non O. Berg
References: 1, 147, 301. Eugenia matanzensis O Berg, Linnaea 27: 235. 1856.
Eugenia verrucosa A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Eugenia albimarginata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 28. 1931.
Vasc. 589. 1845.
Eugenia yumuryensis O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 234. 1856.
Reference: 7.
Psidiastrum dubium Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 272. 1881.
Eugenia alexandri Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 626. 1895. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Eugenia disticha sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 237. 1860, non DC. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix,
Eugenia pallens sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 237. 1860, non DC. St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Saba,
References: 2, 30, 149. St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Martin), United States (FL),
Eugenia alpina (Sw.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 961. 1799; Myrtus alpina Sw., Mexico, and Central America.
Prodr. 77. 1788. Common Names: Wattle, White stopper (Bahamas), Cigua blanca,
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Grajo, Guayabil, Guayabillo, Miji, Mije prieto, Olorosa de San
Reference: 2. Pedro, Vencedor (Cuba), Escobón colorado, Escobón de vara, Palo
de hueso (Dominican Republic), Black cherry (Jamaica), Merisier
Eugenia amblyophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 511. 1928. (Lesser Antilles), Grajo (Puerto Rico), Krum berry, Wattle (Virgin
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Islands).
References: 3, 30, 39. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 75, 147, 152, 340, 352.
Cuba (39). Eugenia bahamensis Kiaersk. = Mosiera longipes (O. Berg) Small
Eugenia amplifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 445. 1908. Eugenia bahorucana Alain, Phytologia 50: 166. 1982.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Eugenia banderensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 495. 1928.
Species. Eugenia mogotensis Urb. & Ekman in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 497.
Eugenia anafensis Britton & P. Wilson = Eugenia duplicata Britton & 1928.
P. Wilson ex León & Alain Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Eugenia anafensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 337. 1916.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Eugenia bayatensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 99. 1923.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 30, 39, 147, 427.
Cuba (39). Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Eugenia androsiana Urb. = Mosiera androsiana (Urb.) Salywon
Eugenia belladerensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 37. 1927.
Eugenia angustifolia O. Berg = Eugenia pomifera (Aubl.) Urb. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Eugenia angustifolia O. Berg var. angustissima (O. Berg) Krug & Urb. = Reference: 7.
Eugenia pomifera (Aubl.) Urb. Eugenia bellonis Krug & Urb. ex Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 611. 1895;
Eugenia angustifolia O. Berg var. latifolia (O. Berg) Urb. = Eugenia Myrtus bellonis (Krug & Urb. ex Urb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
pomifera (Aubl.) Urb. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 482. 1941.
Eugenia anthacanthoides Ekman & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
486. 1928. References: 58, 61.
Eugenia squarrosa Urb. & Ekman in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 487. 1928. Eugenia bergiana Griseb. = Eugenia lineata (Sw.) DC.
Eugenia beyeri Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 502. 1928. Common Name: Cerezo del pinar (Cuba).
Eugenia brevipetiolata Britton & P. Wilson = Eugenia gibberosa Urb.
Eugenia bicincta Urb. & Ekman = Eugenia christii Urb.
Eugenia brownei Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 368. 1922.
Eugenia biflora (L.) DC., Prodr. 3: 276. 1828; Myrtus biflora L., Syst. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Nat., ed. 10, 1056. 1759. References: 2, 149, 427.
Eugenia acutiloba DC., Prodr. 3: 281. 1828. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Eugenia virgata Macfad., Fl. Jam. 2: 121. 1837, nom. illeg. Species.
Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. var. lancea Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19:
Eugenia brunnescens Urb. = Eugenia cupuligera Urb.
631. 1895.
Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. var. ludibunda Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Eugenia buxifolia sensu Bello = Eugenia ligustrina (Sw.) Willd.
19: 630. 1895. Eugenia buxifolia (Sw.) Willd. = Eugenia foetida Pers.
Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. var. pallens Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19:
631. 1895. Eugenia buxoides Urb. = Mosiera cabanasensis (Britton & P. Wilson)
Eugenia hartii Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 271. 1890. Borhidi subsp. cabanasensis
Eugenia lancea Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 3: 123. Eugenia cabanasensis Britton & P. Wilson = Mosiera cabanasensis
1813. (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi subsp. cabanasensis
Eugenia portoricensis sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 4: 82.
Eugenia cacuminis Alain = Eugenia eggersii Kiaersk.
1886, non Berg
Eugenia virgultosa (Sw.) DC. var. virgultosa, Prodr. 3: 280. 1828. Eugenia Eugenia cacuminoides Govaerts = Eugenia eggersii Kiaersk.
virgultosa (Sw.) DC. var. jamaicensis (O. Berg) Proctor, J. Arnold Eugenia cahosiana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 28. 1927.
Arbor. 63: 276. 1982; Eugenia modesta DC. var. jamaicensis Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
O. Berg in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 14(1): 314. 1857. References: 7, 147.
Myrcia thomasiana DC., Prodr. 3: 244. 1828.
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Eugenia cajalbanica Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 216. 1978
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, [“1977”].
St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Mexico, Central References: 39, 149.
America, and South America. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Common Names: Escobón (Dominican Republic), Hoja menuda, Cuba (39).
Pitangueira (Puerto Rico), Black rod-wood (Virgin Islands). Eugenia calumettae Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 35. 1929.
References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 19, 30, 40, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 147, 149, 165, Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
340. Reference: 7.
Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. var. lancea Krug & Urb. = Eugenia biflora Eugenia calycolpoides Griseb. = Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC.
(L.) DC.
Eugenia calyculata Bello = Eugenia domingensis O. Berg
Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. var. ludibunda Krug & Urb. = Eugenia biflora
Eugenia camarioca C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
(L.) DC.
Habana 5: 431. 1869.
Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. var. pallens Krug & Urb. = Eugenia biflora Eugenia havanensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16:
(L.) DC. 89. 1920.
Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. var. wallenii (Macfad.) Krug & Urb. = Eugenia Eugenia leptosticta Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 301. 1912.
wallenii Macfad. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Name: Galano (Cuba).
Eugenia boqueronensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 10. 1924. References: 3, 30, 147, 156.
References: 58, 61. Eugenia canapuensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 491. 1928.
Eugenia borinquensis Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. References: 3, 30, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Eugenia capillipes Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 50: 279. 2008.
Common Names: Guayabota, Guayabota de sierra Oreja (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Eugenia brachyclada Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 32. 1927. Eugenia cati Britton & P. Wilson = Eugenia catingiflora Griseb.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Eugenia catingiflora Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 89. 1866; Pseudanamomis
Reference: 7. catingiflora (Griseb.) Bisse, Feddes Repert. 96: 511. 1985.
Eugenia brachythrix Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 23. 1909. Eugenia cati Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 44. 1923;
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Pseudanamomis cati (Britton & P. Wilson) Bisse, Feddes Repert.
References: 2, 30, 147, 427. 96: 511. 1985.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Species. References: 3, 147.
Eugenia brevipes A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. Eugenia ceibana Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 491. 1928.
number 9 8 • 585
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Eugenia cordata (Sw.) DC. var. sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Krug & Urb.,
Cuba (39). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 656. 1895; Eugenia sintenisii Kiaersk., Bot.
Tidsskr. 17: 263. 1890; Myrtus sintenisii Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr.
Eugenia chacueyana Alain, Phytologia 25: 267. 1973.
17: 285. 1890.
Eugenia sessiliflora sensu DC., Prodr. 3: 273. 1828, non Vahl.
References: 7, 8.
Eugenia sintenisii Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 650. 1895, nom.
Eugenia christii Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 303. 1912. illeg.
Eugenia bicincta Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 32. 1927. Distribution: Endemic to West Indies; native to Puerto Rico, Virgin
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua,
References: 7, 30, 149. Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Eugenia chrootricha Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 30. 1927. Martinique, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Names: White wattle, Zicaque (Lesser Antilles).
Common Name: Orégano (Dominican Republic). References: 1, 30, 58, 61, 147, 149.
Reference: 7. Eugenia corozalensis Britton = Psidium amplexicaule Pers.
Eugenia chrootrichoides Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 30. Eugenia costata Bello = Eugenia serrasuela Krug & Urb.
1967.
Eugenia cowellii Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 88.
1920.
References: 2, 149.
Eugenia chrysobalanoides DC., Prodr. 3: 285. 1828. References: 3, 156.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Guadeloupe,
Eugenia crassicaulis Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 274. 1982.
Martinique, Nevis).
Common Name: Grand merisier (Lesser Antilles).
Reference: 1.
Eugenia cincta Griseb., Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 182. 1939. Species.
Eugenia crenata O. Berg = Eugenia harrisii Krug & Urb.
Common Name: Pimiento de costa (Cuba).
References: 3, 147. Eugenia crenulata (Sw.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 961. 1799; Myrtus crenulata
Sw., Prodr. 78. 1788.
Eugenia clarendonensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 305. 1912.
Eugenia crenulata (Sw.) Willd. var. cubensis O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 244.
1856.
References: 2, 30.
Eugenia crenulata (Sw.) Willd. var. domingensis O. Berg, Linnaea 27:
Eugenia clarensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 90. 244. 1856.
References: 3, 156. Common Names: Siete suertes (Dominican Republic), Herbe Sainte Marie,
Eugenia coffeifolia DC., Prodr. 3: 272. 1828. Menthe coq, Z’o douvant, Z’os douvant, Zos douvant (Haiti).
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, St. References: 3, 7, 39, 147.
Lucia, St. Vincent) and South America. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Common Names: Bois violet, Debasse blanc, Merisier-bois (Lesser Cuba (39).
Antilles). Eugenia crenulata (Sw.) Willd. var. cubensis O. Berg = Eugenia
Reference: 1. crenulata (Sw.) Willd.
Eugenia confusa DC., Prodr. 3: 279. 1828. Eugenia crenulata (Sw.) Willd. var. domingensis O. Berg = Eugenia
Eugenia filiformis Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 2: 116. 1850. crenulata (Sw.) Willd.
Eugenia garberi Sarg., Gard. & Forest 2: 28. 1889.
Eugenia cristalensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 493. 1928; Calycolpus
Eugenia krugii Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 259. 1890.
cristalense (Urb.) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 4(1):
5. 1983.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. John, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles
(Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, St.
Lucia), Trinidad, and United States.
Common Names: Ironwood, Jayao, Yayao (Dominican Republic), Eugenia cristata C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Caracolillo, Cieneguillo (Puerto Rico), Ironwood (Virgin Islands). Habana 5: 430. 1869.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 147, 301. Psidium vicentinum Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 463. 1928.
Eugenia constanzae Alain, Phytologia 61: 357. 1986.
References: 7, 8. Eugenia cupuligera Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 109. 1923; Pseudanamomis
cupuligera (Urb.) Bisse, Feddes Repert. 96: 511. 1985.
Eugenia cordata (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 272. 1828, var. cordata; Myrtus
Eugenia brunnescens Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 504. 1928.
cordata Sw., Prodr. 78. 1788; Pseudanamomis cordata (Sw.) Bisse,
Feddes Repert. 96: 511. 1985.
Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Eugenia cycloidea Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 490. 1928.
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), and Lesser Antilles (St. Barthélemy). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Eugenia cyphophloea Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 87. 1866. Eugenia eggersii Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 268. 1890.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Eugenia cacuminis Alain, Phytologia 61: 356. 1986, nom. illeg.;
Common Name: Birijí (Cuba). Eugenia cacuminoides Govaerts in R.H.A. Govaerts & al., World
References: 3, 147. Checklist Myrtaceae 135. 2008.
Eugenia deflexa Poir. = Myrcia deflexa (Poir.) DC.
Common Names: Guasávara, Guayabacón (Puerto Rico).
Eugenia delpechiana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 37. 1929. References: 58, 61, 147, 160.
Eugenia ehrenbergiana O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 153. 1856.
Reference: 7.
Eugenia dictyophylla Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 341. Reference: 7.
1924.
Eugenia ekmanii (Urb.) Mattos = Hottea ekmanii (Urb.) Borhidi
Common Name: Guayaba cimarrona (Dominican Republic). Eugenia eperforata Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 25. 1909.
Reference: 7. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 2, 30, 147, 427.
Eugenia discolorans C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Habana 5: 430. 1869.
Species.
References: 3, 147. Eugenia eriantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 104. 1923.
Eugenia disticha sensu Bello = Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.)
References: 3, 30, 39, 147.
O. Berg
Eugenia disticha sensu Griseb. = Eugenia alexandri Krug & Urb. Cuba (39).
Eugenia disticha (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 274. 1828; Myrtus disticha Sw., Eugenia esculenta O. Berg = Pseudanamomis umbellulifera (Kunth)
Prodr. 78. 1788. Kausel
Eugenia esnardiana Urb. & Ekman = Myrcianthes esnardiana (Urb. &
References: 2, 147.
Ekman) Alain
Eugenia disticha (Sw.) DC. var. galalonensis C. Wright ex Griseb. =
Eugenia excisa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 100. 1923; Calycolpus excisus
Eugenia galalonensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Krug & Urb.
(Urb.) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 4(1): 6. 1983.
Eugenia domingensis O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 296. 1856. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Eugenia calyculata Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 271. 1881. References: 3, 30, 39, 147, 427.
Eugenia domingensis O. Berg var. membranacea O. Berg, Linnaea 29: Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
245. 1858. Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Species.
(Barbados, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent), and Trinidad.
Eugenia fadyenii Krug & Urb. = Eugenia aeruginea DC.
Common Names: Guásara, Guázara (Dominican Republic), Brielle,
Brignolle (Haiti), Black cherry (Lesser Antilles), Guasávara, Eugenia fadyenii Krug & Urb. var. glabra Krug & Urb. = Eugenia
Guayabacón, Palo de multa (Puerto Rico). aeruginea DC.
References: 1, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 147, 301, 340. Eugenia fajardensis (Krug & Urb.) Urb. = Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.)
Eugenia domingensis O. Berg var. membranacea O. Berg = Eugenia McVaugh
domingensis O. Berg Eugenia farameoides A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Eugenia duchassaingiana O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 225. 1856. Vasc. 588. 1846.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Eugenia sagrae O. Berg, Linnaea 30: 690. 1861 [as sagraea].
Lucia, St. Vincent). Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, and Central America.
Common Names: Grand merisier, Grosse merise (Lesser Antilles). References: 3, 147, 152.
Reference: 1. Eugenia ferruginea A. Rich. = Calyptranthes cuprea O. Berg
Eugenia duplicata Britton & P. Wilson ex León & Alain, Fl. Cuba 3: Eugenia ferruginea Poir. = Marlierea ferruginea (Poir.) McVaugh
455. 1953.
Eugenia anafensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 90. Eugenia filiformis Macfad. = Eugenia confusa DC.
1920, nom. illeg. Eugenia flavicans Urb. & Ekman = Mosiera cabanasensis (Britton &
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. P. Wilson) Borhidi subsp. flavicans (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi
References: 3, 39, 147, 156.
Eugenia flavonigra A. Rich. ex O. Berg var. guadalupensis O. Berg =
Eugenia lambertiana DC.
Cuba (39).
Eugenia flavonigra A. Rich. ex O. Berg var. martinicensis O. Berg =
Eugenia dussii Krug & Urb. = Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC.
Eugenia lambertiana DC.
Eugenia earhartii Acev.-Rodr., Brittonia 45: 133. 1993.
Eugenia flavovirens O. Berg = Eugenia monticola (Sw.) DC.
Distribution: Endemic to Virgin Islands (St. John).
References: 19, 149. Eugenia flavovirens sensu A. Stahl = Eugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd.
Eugenia earlei Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 89. Eugenia flavovirens O. Berg var. obscura O. Berg = Eugenia monticola
1920. (Sw.) DC.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Eugenia flavovirens O. Berg var. pallida O. Berg = Eugenia monticola
References: 3, 156. (Sw.) DC.
number 9 8 • 587
Eugenia floribunda H. West ex Willd. = Myrciaria floribunda (H. West Eugenia sieberiana DC., Prodr. 3: 277. 1828.
ex Willd.) O. Berg Eugenia sieberiana DC. var. crassifolia O. Berg, Linnaea 30: 690. 1861.
Eugenia foetida Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(1): 29. 1806.
Martinique, St. Lucia).
Eugenia buxifolia (Sw.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 960. 1799; Myrtus buxifolia
Common Names: Bois couronne, Goyavier bâtard (Lesser Antilles).
Sw., Prodr. 78. 1788.
Eugenia macrostemon O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 188. 1856.
Eugenia ossaeana Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 514. 1928. Eugenia grenadensis Urb. = Eugenia trinitatis DC.
Eugenia poiretii (Spreng.) DC., Prodr. 3: 274. 1828; Myrtus poiretii Eugenia grifensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 491. 1928.
Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 483. 1825. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Puerto References: 3, 30, 39, 147.
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, St. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Barthélemy, St. Martin), Mexico, and Central America. Cuba (39).
Common Names: Escobón (Dominican Republic), Bois petites feuilles,
Malaguette, Merisier, Petites feuilles (Haiti), Redwood, White Eugenia grisebachii Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 627. 1895.
wattling (Lesser Antilles). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 1, 19, 30, 40, 45, 58, 123, 132, 147, 150, 254. Common Name: Arraiján (Cuba).
References: 3, 147.
Eugenia foetida Pers. var. parvifolia O. Berg = Eugenia monticola
(Sw.) DC. Eugenia gryposperma Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 650. 1895.
Eugenia foetida Pers. var. rhombea O. Berg = Eugenia rhombea Common Names: Cerise-montagne, Goyavier bâtard (Lesser Antilles).
(O. Berg) Krug & Urb. Reference: 1.
Eugenia formonica Urb. & Ekman = Eugenia picardae Krug & Urb. Eugenia guanensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 495. 1928.
Eugenia fragrans (Sw.) Willd. = Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 30, 39, 147.
Eugenia fragrans (Sw.) Willd. var. brachyrhiza Krug & Urb. =
Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh
Cuba (39).
Eugenia fragrans (Sw.) Willd. var. fajardensis Krug & Urb. =
Eugenia guayabillo A. Rich. = Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh
Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh
Eugenia haematocarpa Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 190. 1963.
Eugenia galalonensis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb.
Syst. 19: 641. 1895; Eugenia disticha (Sw.) DC. var. galalonensis
Common Name: Uvillo (Puerto Rico).
C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 88. 1866.
Reference: 58, 427, 633.
America.
by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
References: 3, 147.
Eugenia haitiensis Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 616. 1895.
Eugenia galeata Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 307. 1912.
Reference: 7.
Eugenia hanoverensis Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 274. 1982.
Eugenia garberi Sarg. = Eugenia confusa DC.
Eugenia gibberosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 107. 1923; Pseudanamomis References: 165, 427.
gibberosa (Urb.) Bisse, Feddes Repert. 96: 511. 1985. Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Eugenia arnoldsonii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 506. 1928. Threatened Species.
Eugenia brevipetiolata Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50:
Eugenia harrisii Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 632. 1982
45. 1923.
Eugenia crenata O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 226. 1856.
Eugenia harrisii Krug & Urb. var. grandifolia Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb.
Syst. 19: 633. 1895.
Eugenia ginoriifolia Britton & P. Wilson = Eugenia maestrensis Urb. Eugenia pallens sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 237. 1860, non DC.
Eugenia glabrata (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 274. 1828; Myrtus glabrata Sw., Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Prodr. 78. 1788. References: 2, 30, 65, 147, 149, 427.
Eugenia affinis DC., Prodr. 3: 272. 1828. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Species.
Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. Eugenia harrisii Krug & Urb. var. grandifolia Krug & Urb. = Eugenia
Common Names: Arraiján, Arrayán, Thiuapán (Dominican Republic). harrisii Krug & Urb.
References: 2, 3, 7, 58, 147.
Eugenia hartii Kiaersk. = Eugenia biflora (L.) DC.
Eugenia gonavensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 38. 1929.
Eugenia havanensis Britton & P. Wilson = Eugenia camarioca C. Wright
Reference: 7. Eugenia heterochroa Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 299. 1912.
Eugenia granulata O. Berg = Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh
Eugenia greggii sensu Griseb. = Eugenia aeruginea DC. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Eugenia greggii (Sw.) Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 3: Species.
126. 1813; Myrtus greggii Sw., Prodr. 78. 1788; Pimentus greggii Eugenia heterophylla A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
(Sw.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 105. 1838. Vasc. 586. 1845.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Eugenia kellyana Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 275. 1982.
Eugenia heterophylla Urb. = Eugenia ramoniana Urb.
Eugenia higueyana Alain, Phytologia 61: 357. 1986. Threatened Species.
Eugenia krugii Kiaersk. = Eugenia confusa DC.
References: 7, 152.
Eugenia laeteviridis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 100. 1923.
Eugenia hodgei McVaugh, J. Arnold Arbor. 54: 310. 1973.
Eugenia prenleloupii Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 275. 1890.
Eugenia subverticillaris O. Berg, Linnaea 29: 234. 1858.
Reference: 1.
Eugenia holdridgei Alain, Phytologia 61: 358. 1986. References: 3, 30, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti)
Eugenia laevis O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 177. 1856.
References: 7, 152.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Central
Eugenia howardiana Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 33. 1967. America.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Common Names: Arraiján, Arrayán (Dominican Republic), Gros
References: 2, 149. petites feuilles (Haiti).
Eugenia ignota Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 91. References: 7, 58, 309.
1920. Eugenia lambertiana DC., Prodr. 3: 270. 1828.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Eugenia flavonigra A. Rich. ex O. Berg var. guadalupensis O. Berg,
References: 3, 39, 156. Linnaea 30: 691. 1861.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Eugenia flavonigra A. Rich. ex O. Berg var. martinicensis O. Berg,
Cuba (39). Linnaea 30: 692. 1861.
Eugenia intermedia O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 285. 1856. Eugenia oligophylla A. Rich. ex O. Berg, Linnaea 30: 685. 1861.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Reference: 7. Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent) and South America.
References: 1, 147.
Eugenia isabeliana Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 272. 1890.
Eugenia mornicola Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 525. 1913. Eugenia lamprophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 308. 1912.
Eugenia odorata O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 171. 1856. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Eugenia odorata O. Berg var. longifolia O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 171. 1856. References: 2, 30, 427.
Eugenia odorata O. Berg var. parvifolia O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 171. 1856. Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Species.
References: 7, 30, 147. Eugenia lancea Poir. = Eugenia biflora (L.) DC.
Eugenia isosticta Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 305. 1912. Eugenia lateriflora Willd. = Eugenia sessiliflora Vahl
Eugenia laterifolia Pers. ex DC. = Eugenia sessiliflora Vahl
Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Eugenia laurae Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 275. 1982.
Species. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Eugenia iteophylla Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 611. 1895.
Species.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Eugenia leiophloea Urb. = Mosiera bullata (Britton & P. Wilson) Bisse
Cuba (39). subsp. leiophloea (Urb.) Bisse
Eugenia jamaicensis O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 237. 1856. Eugenia leonis Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Eugenia piedraensis Urb.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Eugenia leptosticta Urb. = Eugenia camarioca C. Wright
Reference: 2.
Eugenia leriocarpa (C. Wright) Krug & Urb. = Pimenta ferruginea
Eugenia jambos L. = Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (Griseb.) Burret
Eugenia jambosoides C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 89. 1866; Eugenia libanensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 503. 1928.
Pseudanamomis jambosoides (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Bisse, Feddes Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Repert. 96: 511. 1985. References: 3, 30, 39, 147.
Common Name: Pomarrosa cimarrona (Cuba). Cuba (39).
References: 3, 147.
Eugenia ligustrina (Sw.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 962. 1799; Myrtus ligustrina
Eugenia javanica Lam. = Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & Sw., Prodr. 78. 1788.
L.M. Perry Eugenia buxifolia sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 271.
Eugenia jeremiensis Urb. & Ekman = Calyptrogenia jeremiensis (Urb. 1881, non Willd.
& Ekman) Burret Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana,
Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin
Eugenia jimenezii Alain, Phytologia 61: 358. 1986.
Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica,
References: 7, 8.
number 9 8 • 589
Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Eugenia macrostemon O. Berg = Eugenia foetida Pers.
Vincent), Trinidad, Tobago, and South America. Eugenia maestrensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 107. 1923; Pseudanamomis
Common Names: Birijí, Birigita, Cateicito, Viriji, Yaguaní, Yaguairí maestrensis (Urb.) Bisse, Feddes Repert. 96: 511. 1985.
(Cuba), Arraiján, Escobón de aguja, Granadillo (Dominican Eugenia ginoriifolia Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 44.
Republic), Blackberry, Black cherry, Cerise noire, Grosse merise, 1923.
Merise noire, Merisier (Lesser Antilles), Granadillo, Palo de Psidium cacuminis Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 43.
muleta (Puerto Rico), Privet stopper (Virgin Islands). 1923.
References: 1, 3, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 254, 301, 340. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Eugenia ligustroides Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 500. 1928. References: 3, 30, 147.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Eugenia malaccensis L. = Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry
Eugenia malangensis Urb. & Ekman = Hottea malangensis Urb.
Eugenia lindahlii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 28. 1927.
Eugenia orthioneura Urb., Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 29. 1927. Eugenia maleolens Pers. = Eugenia monticola (Sw.) DC.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Eugenia mandevillensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 306. 1912, var.
References: 7, 149. mandevillensis
Eugenia linearis Rich. ex O. Berg, Linnaea 30: 673. 1861. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Reference: 7. Eugenia mandevillensis Urb. var. perratonii (Proctor) Proctor, J.
Eugenia lineata (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 273. 1828; Myrtus lineata Sw., Arnold Arbor. 63: 276. 1982; Eugenia perratonii Proctor, Rhodora
Prodr. 78. 1788. 59: 305. 1958.
Eugenia bergiana Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 182. 1860. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Eugenia lineata (Sw.) DC. var. bergiana (Griseb.) Krug. & Urb., Bot. References: 2, 147, 149, 165.
Jahrb. Syst. 19: 615. 1895. Eugenia mangasiana Urb. = Eugenia plicatula C. Wright
Eugenia lineata (Sw.) DC. var. racemosa O. Berg, Linnaea 30: 683.
Eugenia marchiana Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 238. 1860.
1861.
Hispaniola.
References: 3, 7, 147, 311.
Species.
Eugenia lineata (Sw.) DC. var. bergiana (Griseb.) Krug. & Urb. =
Eugenia margarettae Alain = Myrcia margarettae (Alain) Alain
Eugenia lineata (Sw.) DC.
Eugenia marginata Pers. = Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC.
Eugenia lineata (Sw.) DC. var. racemosa O. Berg = Eugenia lineata
(Sw.) DC. Eugenia matanzensis O Berg = Eugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd.
Eugenia lineolata Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 35. 1927. Eugenia megalocarpa Urb. = Eugenia pseudopsidium Jacq.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Eugenia megalopetala Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 89. 1866.
Eugenia loeseneri Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 512. 1928. Common Names: Cerecita, Cerezo del pinar, Teresita (Cuba).
References: 3, 30, 147. Eugenia melanadenia Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 607. 1895,
Eugenia lomensis Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 44. var. melanadenia
Eugenia longipes O. Berg = Mosiera longipes (O. Berg) Small Eugenia melanadenia Krug & Urb. var. santayana Urb., Symb. Antill.
9: 489. 1928.
Eugenia lucayana (Britton) Alain = Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.)
McVaugh
References: 3, 30.
Eugenia lucens Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La
Eugenia mensurensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 98. 1923.
Salle” 12: 12. 1953; Calycolpus lucens (Alain) Bisse, Contr. Ocas.
References: 3, 152. Eugenia microphylla A. Rich. = Eugenia asperifolia O. Berg
Eugenia macnabiana (Krug & Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 104. 1909; Eugenia minguetii Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 24. 1926.
Eugenia oligandra Krug & Urb. var. macnabiana Krug & Urb., Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 613. 1895. Reference: 7.
Eugenia rigidifolia sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 711. 1864, non A. Rich. Eugenia minutifolia (Mattos) Mattos = Calycorectes minutifolius Mattos
References: 2, 30, 147. Eugenia moaensis R.A. Howard = Mosiera moaensis (R.A. Howard) Bisse
Eugenia macradenia Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 28. 1931. Eugenia modesta DC. var. jamaicensis O. Berg = Eugenia biflora (L.) DC.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Eugenia moensis Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 88.
Reference: 7. 1920.

Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Eugenia nicholsii Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 64: 14. 1926.
Eugenia mogotensis Urb. & Ekman = Eugenia banderensis Urb. References: 2, 149, 427.
Eugenia mollifolia Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 500. 1928.
Species.
References: 3, 30, 39, 147. Eugenia nipensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 501.1928; Calycolpus nipense
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of (Urb.) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 4(1): 6(1983).
Eugenia montana Aubl. = Marlierea montana (Aubl.) Amshoff
Eugenia nodulosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 102. 1923.
Eugenia monticola (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 275. 1828; Myrtus monticola
Sw., Prodr. 78. 1788.
Eugenia flavovirens O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 184. 1856; Eugenia monticola
(Sw.) DC. var. flavovirens (O. Berg) Stehlé & L. Quentin, Fl. Eugenia nummularia (O. Berg) Griseb. = Calyptranthes nummularia
Guadeloupe Dépend. & Martinique 2(3): 65. 1949. O. Berg
Eugenia flavovirens O. Berg var. obscura O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 185. Eugenia octopleura Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 653. 1895.
1856. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Eugenia flavovirens O. Berg var. pallida O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 184. Martinique), Mexico, Central America, and Venezuela.
1856. Common Names: Bois montagne, Goyavier bâtard grand bois, Guépois
Eugenia foetida Pers. var. parvifolia O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 212. 1856. bâtard (Lesser Antilles).
Eugenia maleolens Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(1): 29. 1806. References: 1, 147.
Eugenia monticola (Sw.) DC. var. latifolia Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb.
Syst. 19: 636. 1895. Eugenia odorata O. Berg = Eugenia isabeliana Kiaersk.
Eugenia poiretii sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 4: 79. 1886, Eugenia odorata O. Berg var. longifolia O. Berg = Eugenia isabeliana
non DC. Kiaersk.
Myrtus poiretii sensu O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 186. 1856, non DC.
Eugenia odorata O. Berg var. parvifolia O. Berg = Eugenia isabeliana
Kiaersk.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke,
St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Eugenia oerstediana O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 285. 1856.
Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Eugenia vincentina Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 621. 1895.
Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
St. Barthélemy, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Vincent), Mexico, and South America.
Trinidad, and Central America. References: 1, 147.
Common Names: Arrayán blanco, Escobón, Escobón blanco, Escobón Eugenia oligadenia Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 104. 1923.
grande (Dominican Republic), Bois d’ine petites feuilles, Petit bois Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
d’Inde, Ti-bois d’Inde (Haiti), Black cherry (Jamaica), Bois petite References: 3, 30, 39, 147.
feuille, Merisier, Merisier petite feuille (Lesser Antilles), Birijí, Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Hoja menuda (Puerto Rico), Black cherry, Red rod-wood, Slang Cuba (39).
berry (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 147, 301. Eugenia oligandra Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 612. 1895.
Eugenia monticola (Sw.) DC. var. flavovirens (O. Berg) Stehlé & References: 3, 147.
L. Quentin = Eugenia monticola (Sw.) DC.
Eugenia oligandra Krug & Urb. var. macnabiana Krug & Urb. =
Eugenia monticola (Sw.) DC. var. latifolia Krug & Urb. = Eugenia Eugenia macnabiana (Krug & Urb.) Urb.
monticola (Sw.) DC.
Eugenia oligophylla A. Rich. ex O. Berg = Eugenia lambertiana DC.
Eugenia mornicola Urb. = Eugenia isabeliana Kiaersk.
Eugenia oonophylla Urb. = Mosiera oonophylla (Urb.) Bisse
Eugenia mucronata O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 172. 1856.
Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Eugenia organosia Urb. = Eugenia rigidifolia A. Rich. subsp. rigidifolia
Hispaniola. Eugenia orthioneura Urb. = Eugenia lindahlii Urb. & Ekman
Common Name: Hoja fina (Dominican Republic).
Eugenia ossaeana Urb. = Eugenia foetida Pers.
References: 3, 7.
Eugenia oxysepala Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 102. 1923.
Eugenia naguana Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 509. 1928.
Eugenia revoluta O. Berg, Linnaea 29: 224. 1858, nom. illeg.
References: 3, 30, 39, 147.
Cuba (39). Eugenia padronii Alain, Phytologia 61: 358. 1986.
Eugenia nannophylla Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 27. 1927.
References:58.
Reference: 7. Eugenia pallens Poir. = Calyptranthes pallens Griseb.
Eugenia nematopoda Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 106. 1923. Eugenia pallens sensu Griseb. in part = Eugenia harrisii Krug & Urb.
number 9 8 • 591
Eugenia pallens sensu Griseb. in part = Eugenia alexandri Krug & Urb. Eugenia mangasiana Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 498. 1928.
Eugenia paniculata Jacq. = Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC.
Common Name: Pomarrosa negra (Cuba).
Eugenia papayoensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 132. 1923. References: 3, 30, 147.
Eugenia plinioides Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 34. 1927.
Common Name: Hoja de clavo (Cuba).
Reference: 7.
Eugenia pastelillensis Urb. = Mosiera cabanasensis (Britton &
Eugenia pocsiana Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 216. 1978 [“1977”].
P. Wilson) Borhidi subsp. pastelillensis (Urb.) Borhidi
Eugenia peninsularis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 487. 1928. Reference: 149.
Eugenia poiretii sensu A. Stahl = Eugenia monticola (Sw.) DC.
References: 3, 30, 39, 147.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Eugenia poiretii (Spreng.) DC. = Eugenia foetida Pers.
Cuba (39). Eugenia polyclada Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 34. 1929.
Eugenia perratonii Proctor = Eugenia mandevillensis Urb. perratonii Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
(Proctor) Proctor Reference: 7.
Eugenia perriniana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 31. 1927. Eugenia polyneura Urb. = Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.)
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). O. Berg
Reference: 7. Eugenia polypora Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 24. 1909.
Eugenia petrophila Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 489. 1928. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 3, 30, 147. Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species.
Eugenia phyllyreifolia A. Rich. = Eugenia rigidifolia A. Rich. subsp.
rigidifolia Eugenia pomifera (Aubl.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 150.
1919; Myrtus pomifera Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 513. 1775.
Eugenia phyllocardia Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 499. 1928.
Eugenia angustifolia O. Berg in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 8: 482. 1921.
Eugenia angustifolia O. Berg var. angustissima (O. Berg) Krug & Urb.,
References: 3, 30, 39, 147.
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 614. 1895.
Eugenia angustifolia O. Berg var. latifolia (O. Berg) Urb., Symb. Antill.
Cuba (39).
8: 483. 1921.
Eugenia picardae Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 608. 1895. Eugenia pomifera (Aubl.) Urb. var. angustissima (O. Berg) Urb., Symb.
Eugenia formonica Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 36. 1929. Antill. 8: 482. 1921.
Eugenia pitoniana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 30. 1927. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Common Names: Cerise marron, Cerise des bois (Haiti).
Eugenia piedraensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 108. 1923. Eugenia pomifera (Aubl.) Urb. var. angustissima (O. Berg) Urb. =
Eugenia leonis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 39. Eugenia pomifera (Aubl.) Urb.
1973.
Eugenia portoricensis sensu A. Stahl = Eugenia biflora (L.) DC.
References: 3, 30, 149. Eugenia portoricensis DC. = Eugenia pseudopsidium Jacq.
Eugenia pilosula Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 612. 1895. Eugenia portoricensis DC. var. brevipes DC. = Eugenia pseudopsidium
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Jacq.
Reference: 7. Eugenia pozasia Urb. & Ekman in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 490. 1928.
Eugenia pinariensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 508. 1928. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 30, 39, 147. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba (39).
Cuba (39). Eugenia prenleloupii Kiaersk. = Eugenia laeteviridis Urb.
Eugenia pinetorum Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 300. 1912. Eugenia procera (Sw.) Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 2:
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 129. 1811; Myrtus procera Sw., Prodr. 77. 1788.
Common Name: Arraiján (Cuba). Myrtus brachystemon DC., Prodr. 3: 240. 1828.
Eugenia pitoniana Urb. & Ekman = Eugenia picardae Krug & Urb. (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola),
Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Eugenia pitrensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 35. 1929.
Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Martin), Trinidad, Bonaire, Curaçao, and
South America.
Common Names: Palo de búcara, Palo de búcra, Palo de muñeca
Common Names: Arraiján (Dominican Republic), Arbre à petites
feuilles (Haiti), Hoja menuda (Puerto Rico), Rock myrtle (Virgin
Reference: 7.
Islands).
Eugenia plicatula C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 301.
Habana 5: 430. 1869.
Eugenia pseudopsidium Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 23. 1760. Eugenia retinadenia C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Eugenia megalocarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 444. 1908. Habana 5: 432. 1869.
Eugenia portoricensis DC., Prodr. 3: 266. 1828; Eugenia Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
pseudopsidium Jacq. var. portoricensis (DC.) Krug & Urb., References: 3, 147.
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 647. 1895; Stenocalyx portoricensis (DC.)
Eugenia retivenia C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle = Myrcia retivenia (C.
O. Berg, Linnaea 29: 246. 1858.
Wright) Urb.
Eugenia portoricensis DC. var. brevipes DC., Prodr. 3: 266. 1828.
Eugenia thomasiana O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 183. 1856. Eugenia revoluta O. Berg = Eugenia oxysepala Urb.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Eugenia revoluta Willd. ex O. Berg = Eugenia tuberculata (Kunth) DC.
Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser
Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Trinidad Eugenia rhombea (O. Berg) Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 644.
(doubtful), and South America. 1895; Eugenia foetida Pers. var. rhombea O. Berg, Linnaea 27:
Common Names: Guásara (Dominican Republic), Goyavier bâtard, 212. 1856.
Goyavier-montagne, Bois plié (Lesser Antilles), Quiebrahacha Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
(Puerto Rico), Wild guava (Virgin Islands). Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, Tortola), Lesser Antilles
References: 1, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 147, 301, 340. (Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy,
St. Eustatius, St. Martin), United States (FL), Mexico, and Central
Eugenia pseudopsidium Jacq. var. portoricensis (DC.) Krug & Urb. = America.
Eugenia pseudopsidium Jacq. Common Names: Red stopper (Bahamas), Guayabillo (Cuba), Arraiján,
Eugenia pseudopsidium sensu O. Berg = Eugenia uniflora L. Arrayán, Escobón, Escobón blanco, Miosotis (Dominican
Republic), Bois myrte, Myosotis des bois, Myrte, Myosotis, Tu
Eugenia psiloclada Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 106. 1923.
fais, Tufais (Haiti), Redwood (Lesser Antilles), Guayabilla de costa
(Puerto Rico), Red stopper (Virgin Islands).
Common Name: Yarúa (Cuba).
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 147.
References: 3, 30, 39, 147.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Eugenia rigidifolia sensu Griseb. = Eugenia macnabiana (Krug & Urb.)
Cuba (39). Urb.
Eugenia pteroclada Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 493. 1928. Eugenia rigidifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Vasc. 585. 1845, subsp. rigidifolia; Eugenia rigidifolia A. Rich.
References: 3, 30, 147. var. genuina Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 608. 1895;
Myrtus rigidifolia (A. Rich.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 89.
Eugenia pubicalyx Alain, Phytologia 25: 268. 1973.
1898.
Eugenia organosia Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 101. 1923.
References: 7, 152.
Eugenia phyllyreifolia A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 3: 267. 1828; Myrtus Vasc. 585. 1845.
punicifolia Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 149. 1823. Common Names: Birijí de hojas menudas, Tomillo de costa (Cuba).
Eugenia calycolpoides Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 238. 1860. References: 3, 30, 147, 352.
Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. var. brachypoda (DC.) Krug & Urb.,
Eugenia rigidifolia A. Rich. subsp. rangelensis Kitan., God. Sofiisk.
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 617. 1895.
Univ. Biol. Fak., 2, Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast. 64(2): 4.
1972 [“1969–1970”]
Common Names: Cereza del pinar, Cerecita, Cereza, Cerezo del pinar,
Teresita (Cuba).
Reference: 147.
References: 3, 147.
Eugenia rigidifolia A. Rich. subsp. tsugifolia Kitan., God. Sofiisk.
Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. var. brachypoda (DC.) Krug & Urb. =
Univ. Biol. Fak., 2, Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast. 64(2): 4.
Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC.
1972 [“1969–1970”]
Eugenia pycnoneura Urb. = Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
O. Berg Reference: 147.
Eugenia ramonae Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 21: Eugenia rigidifolia A. Rich. var. genuina Krug & Urb. = Eugenia
228. 1976 [“1975”]. rigidifolia A. Rich. subsp. rigidifolia
Eugenia rigidula Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 45.
Reference: 149.
1923.
Eugenia ramoniana Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 499. 1928. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Eugenia heterophylla Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 610. 1895. References: 3, 147.
Eugenia rimosa C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Habana 5: 429. 1869.
Eugenia rendlei Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 302. 1912. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Eugenia rocana Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 90.
1920.
Threatened Species.
Eugenia reticularis O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 170. 1856. References: 3, 39, 156.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Reference: 7. Cuba (39).
number 9 8 • 593
Eugenia roigii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 498. 1928. Eugenia lateriflora Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 749. 1799.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Eugenia laterifolia Pers. ex DC., Prodr. 3: 273. 1828.
References: 3, 30, 39, 147. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St.
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda).
Eugenia rosariensis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 187. 1983. Eugenia shaferi Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 298. 1912.
Eugenia bakeri Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 91. 1920. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 149, 156. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Eugenia sachetae Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 34. 1967. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Eugenia sieberiana DC. = Eugenia greggii (Sw.) Poir
Eugenia sieberiana DC. var. crassifolia O. Berg = Eugenia greggii (Sw.)
Poir
Species.
Eugenia sintenisii Kiaersk. = Eugenia cordata (Sw.) DC. var. sintenisii
Eugenia sagrae O. Berg = Eugenia farameoides A. Rich.
(Kiaersk.) Krug & Urb.
Eugenia samanensis Alain, Phytologia 61: 359. 1986.
Eugenia sintenisii Krug & Urb. = Eugenia cordata (Sw.) DC. var.
sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Krug & Urb.
Common Name: Canelilla (Dominican Republic).
Reference: 7. Eugenia sloanei Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 338. 1916.
Eugenia samuelssonii Ekman & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 504.
References: 2, 149.
1928; Pseudanamomis samuelssonii (Ekman & Urb.) Bisse, Feddes
Repert. 96: 511. 1985. Eugenia sooiana Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 37. 1973.
Eugenia sauvallei Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 661. 1895. Eugenia (sp. A) in C.D. Adams = Eugenia websteri Proctor
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Eugenia squarrosa Urb. & Ekman in I. Urban = Eugenia anthacanthoides
Common Name: Pimienta (Cuba). Ekman & Urb.
References: 3, 147.
Eugenia stahlii (Kiaersk.) Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 650.
Eugenia saviifolia Alain = Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC. 1895; Myrtus stahlii Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 286. 1890.
Eugenia scaphephilla C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Méd. Habana 5: 430. 1869. Common Names: Guayabota, Limoncillo (Puerto Rico).
Eugenia sylvicola C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. References: 58, 61.
Habana 5: 430. 1869. Eugenia stenoptera Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 301. 1912.
Eugenia schulziana Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 304. 1912. Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Cuba (39).
References: 2, 30, 427. Eugenia stenoxipha Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 104. 1923.
Eugenia sebastianii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 494. 1928. Eugenia stereophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 98. 1923.
Cuba (39). Eugenia stewardsonii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 11. 1924.
Eugenia serrasuela Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 652. 1895. References: 58, 61.
Eugenia costata Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 272. 1881; non
Cambess. (1833). Eugenia stuposa A. Rich. ex O. Berg = Calyptranthes cuprea O. Berg
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Eugenia sturrockii R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 124. 1947.
Common Name: Serrazuela (Puerto Rico). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 30, 58, 61, 75, 131, 147, 149, 152, 340. References: 3, 147.
Eugenia serrei Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 304. 1924. Eugenia subdisticha Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 308. 1912.
Eugenia subspinulosa Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.
Cuba (39).
19: 38. 1973.
Eugenia sessiliflora sensu DC. = Eugenia cordata (Sw.) DC. var. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Krug & Urb. Reference: 149.
Eugenia sessiliflora Vahl in H. West, Bidr. Beskr. Ste. Croix 290. 1793; Eugenia subverticillaris O. Berg = Eugenia laeteviridis Urb.
Myrtus sessiliflora (Vahl) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 479. 1825.
Eugenia sulcivenia Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 632. 1895. Common Names: Surinam cherry (Bahamas), Cerezo de Cayena,
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Cerezo de Surinam (Cuba), Ciruela de Surinam, Grosella de
References: 2, 149, 427. México, Pindanga (Dominican Republic), Suriname cherry
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened (Jamaica), Cerise à côtes, Cerise de Cayenne, Surinam cherry
Species. (Lesser Antilles), Cereza de Cayena, Pitanga (Puerto Rico),
Eugenia sylvicola C. Wright = Eugenia scaphephilla C. Wright Surinam cherry (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 224, 383.
Eugenia tapacumensis O. Berg = Eugenia stictopetala DC. Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
Eugenia tenella DC. = Myrciaria tenella (DC.) O. Berg Eugenia valenzuelana A. Rich. = Myrcia valenzuelana (A. Rich.) Griseb.
Eugenia tetrasperma Bello = Mouriri domingensis (Tussac) Spach Eugenia vanderveldei Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 33. 1927.
(Melastomataceae) Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
Eugenia tetrasperma sensu A. Stahl = Eugenia aeruginea DC. Reference: 7.
Eugenia thomasiana O. Berg = Eugenia pseudopsidium Jacq. Eugenia varia Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 89.
1920.
Eugenia tiburona Urb. & Ekman = Mosiera tiburona (Urb. & Ekman)
Borhidi
References: 3, 156.
Eugenia toaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 216. 1978
Eugenia verrucosa A. Rich. = Eugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd.
[“1977”].
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Eugenia victorinii Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De
Reference: 149. La Salle” 12: 11. 1953; Pseudanamomis victorinii (Alain) Bisse,
Feddes Repert. 96. 511. 1985.
Eugenia tomasina Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 492. 1928.
References: 3, 39, 147, 152.
Eugenia trinervia Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 36. 1798. Cuba (39).
Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Eugenia vigiensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 25. 1926.
Vincent) and South America.
Common Names: Gouavier des montagnes, Grand merisier (Lesser
Reference: 7.
Antilles).
Reference: 1. Eugenia vincentina Krug & Urb. = Eugenia oerstediana O. Berg
Eugenia trinitatis DC., Prodr. 3: 280. 1828. Eugenia virgata Macfad. = Eugenia biflora (L.) DC.
Eugenia grenadensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 337. Eugenia virgultosa (Sw.) DC. var. virgultosa = Eugenia biflora (L.) DC.
1916.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Martinique, St. Eugenia virgultosa (Sw.) DC. var. jamaicensis (O. Berg) Proctor =
Lucia, St. Vincent); doubtful to Trinidad. Eugenia biflora (L.) DC.
Common Name: Bois petite feuille (Lesser Antilles). Eugenia wallenii Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 2: 118. 1850; Eugenia biflora
References: 1, 149, 301. (L.) DC. var. wallenii (Macfad.) Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19:
Eugenia tuberculata (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 3: 273. 1828; Myrtus 629. 1895.
tuberculata Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 148. 1823. References: 2, 147.
Eugenia revoluta Willd. ex O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 184. 1856. Eugenia websteri Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 276. 1982; Eugenia sp.
Eugenia tuberculata (Kunth) DC. var. uniflora O. Berg, Linnaea 30: A C.D. Adams, Fl. Pl. Jamaica 523. 1972.
References: 3, 147.
Eugenia wilsonella Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 4: 15. 1926.
Eugenia tuberculata (Kunth) DC. var. uniflora O. Berg = Eugenia Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
tuberculata (Kunth) DC. References: 2, 149.
Eugenia tussacii Urb. & Ekman = Mosiera tussacii (Urb. & Ekman) Eugenia woodburyana Alain, Phytologia 47: 185. 1980.
Borhidi Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Eugenia umbellulifera (Kunth) Krug & Urb. = Pseudanamomis References: 58, 149, 427, 633.
umbellulifera (Kunth) Kausel Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and
Eugenia underwoodii Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 10. 1924.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (Guana). Eugenia woodfrediana Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 489. 1928.
References: 3, 30, 39, 74.
Eugenia uniflora L., Sp. Pl. 470. 1753. Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Eugenia pseudopsidium sensu O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 176. 1856, non Cuba (39).
Jacq.
Myrtus willdenowii Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 480. 1825. Eugenia xerophytica Britton = Mosiera xerophytica (Britton) Salywon
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Eugenia xystophylla O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 196. 1856.
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Virgin Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Gorda), and Lesser Antilles. References: 3, 147.
number 9 8 • 595
Eugenia yumana Alain, Phytologia 25: 268. 1973. Krokia nipensis Urb. = Pimenta cainitoides (Urb.) Burret
Krokia odiolens (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Pimenta odiolens (Urb.)
References: 7, 8.
Burret
Eugenia yumuryensis O. Berg = Eugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd.
Krokia oligantha (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Pimenta oligantha
Gomidesia lindeniana O. Berg = Myrcia fenzliana O. Berg (Urb.) Burret
*Hottea crispula (Urb.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 42. 1929; Psidium Krokia pilotoana (Urb.) Borhidi = Pimenta cainitoides (Urb.) Burret
crispulum Urb., Ark. Bot. 17(7): 44. 1921.
Krokia podocarpoides (Areces) Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Pimenta
podocarpoides (Areces) Landrum
References: 5, 7.
Krugia elliptica (Griseb.) Urb. = Marlierea ferruginea (Poir.) McVaugh
*Hottea ekmanii (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 77. 1992;
Calycorectes ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 110. 1923; Eugenia Krugia ferruginea (Poir.) Urb. = Marlierea ferruginea (Poir.) McVaugh
ekmanii (Urb.) Mattos, Loefgrenia 120: 5. 2005. Marlierea cubensis (Griseb.) Krug & Urb. = Myrciaria floribunda
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg
References: 3, 30, 147, 149.
Marlierea dussii Krug & Urb. = Siphoneugena dussii (Krug & Urb.)
*Hottea goavensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 29. 1931. Proença
Reference: 7. Marlierea elliptica Griseb. = Marlierea ferruginea (Poir.) McVaugh
Hottea goavensis Urb. var. micrantha (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi = Marlierea elliptica Griseb. var. cubensis Griseb. = Calyptranthes
Hottea micrantha Urb. & Ekman capitulata C. Wright var. capitulata
*Hottea malangensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 31. 1931; Eugenia Marlierea ferruginea (Poir.) McVaugh, Mem. New York Bot. Gard.
malangensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 30. 1927, nom. illeg. 10: 83. 1958; Eugenia ferruginea Poir. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck,
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Encycl. Suppl. 3: 124. 1813; Krugia ferruginea (Poir.) Urb., Bot.
References: 7, 149. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 604. 1895; Myrcia ferruginea (Poir.) DC., Prodr.
3: 245. 1828; Myrtus ferruginea (Poir.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16,
*Hottea micrantha Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 30. 1931; Hottea 2: 487. 1825.
goavensis Urb. var. micrantha (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Krugia elliptica (Griseb.) Urb., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 11: 376. 1893;
Hung. 29: 186. 1983. Marlierea elliptica Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 233. 1860.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, St. Vincent), Tobago,
References: 7, 149. Trinidad, and South America.
*Hottea miragoanae Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 40. 1929. Common Name: Wild plum rose (Lesser Antilles).
References: 5, 7. Marlierea guildingiana (Griseb.) Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19:
*Hottea moana (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 78. 591. 1895; Psidium guildingianum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 142.
1992; Calycorectes moana Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. 1859; Myrcia guildingiana (Griseb.) Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb.
Sci. Hung. 21: 225. 1976 [“1975”]. Syst. 19: 57. 1895.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Native to Lesser Antilles (Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent),
References: 39, 147. Trinidad, and South America.
Cuba (39). Marlierea montana (Aubl.) Amshoff, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 39: 147.
*Hottea neibensis Alain, Phytologia 25: 269. 1973. 1942; Eugenia montana Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 495. 1775;
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Myrcianthes montana (Aubl.) C. Nelson, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid
References: 7, 152. 57: 406. 2000.
*Hottea torbeciana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 41. 1929.
References: 5, 7. Marlierea sintenisii Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 252. 1889; Plinia
sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Britton in N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv.
Jambosa jambos (L.) Millsp. = Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston
Jambosa malaccensis (L.) DC. = Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
L.M. Perry Common Name: Beruquillo (Puerto Rico).
Jambosa vulgaris DC. = Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston References: 58, 61, 131, 427.
Krokia adenoclada (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Pimenta adenoclada Species.
(Urb.) Burret
Marlieriopsis eggersii Kiaersk. = Blepharocalyx eggersii (Kiaersk.) Landrum
Krokia cainitoides (Urb.) Urb. = Pimenta cainitoides (Urb.) Burret
Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland
Krokia ferruginea (Griseb.) Urb. = Pimenta ferruginea (Griseb.) Burret 69: 76. 1958.
Krokia filipes (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Pimenta filipes (Urb.) Burret Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Lesser
Antilles; native to Malesia, Australia, and Pacific region.
Krokia leonis Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Pimenta filipes (Urb.) Burret
Common Names: Cajeput tree, Paperbark tree, Punk tree (Bahamas),
Krokia moaensis (Areces) Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Pimenta filipes (Urb.) Aceite de cayeput, Bálsamo de cayeput, Cayeputi (Puerto Rico).
Burret References: 45, 58, 159, 383.
*Mitranthes clarendonensis (Proctor) Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 280. Mosiera baracoensis Bisse ex Urquiola & Z. Acosta, Willdenowia 38:
1982; Calyptranthes clarendonensis Proctor, Rhodora 60: 323. 534. 2008.
References: 2, 427. Mosiera bissei Urquiola & Z. Acosta, Willdenowia 38: 536. 2008.
Species. References: 149, 152.
Mitranthes eggersii (Kiaersk.) Nied. = Blepharocalyx eggersii (Kiaersk.) Mosiera bullata (Britton & P. Wilson) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ.
Landrum Habana 6(3): 5. 1986 [“1985”], subsp. bullata; Psidium bullatum
*Mitranthes glabra Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 280. 1982. Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 85. 1920.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Myrtus anomala (Britt. & P. Wilson) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-
Reference: 2. Dahlem 15: 480. 1941.
*Mitranthes macrophylla Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 280. 1982.
References: 2, 427. Mosiera bullata (Britton & P. Wilson) Bisse subsp. leiophloea (Urb.)
Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 6(3): 5. 1986
Threatened Species. [“1985”]; Eugenia leiophloea Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 108. 1923;
Myrtus leiophloea (Urb.) Bisse, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 12: 10.
*Mitranthes maxonii (Britton & Urb.) Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63:
1977 [“1976”]; Myrtus leiophloea (Urb.) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem.
278. 1982; Calyptranthes maxonii Britton & Urb. in I. Urban,
64: 219. 1978 [“1977”]; Psidium leiophloeum (Urb.) Urb., Symb.
Symb. Antill. 7: 296. 1912.
Antill. 9: 459. 1928.
Reference: 2.
References: 3, 30, 147, 149.
*Mitranthes nivea Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 278. 1982. Mosiera buxoides (Urb.) Bisse = Mosiera cabanasensis (Britton & P.
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. Wilson) Borhidi subsp. cabanasensis
References: 2, 427.
Mosiera cabanasensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung.
37: 78. 1992, subsp. cabanasensis; Eugenia cabanasensis Britton
Species.
& P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 88. 1920; Myrtus
*Mitranthes ottonis O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 316. 1856; Calyptranthes cabanasensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Alain, Brittonia 20: 159.
ottonis (O. Berg) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. 1968; Mosiera flavicans (Urb. & Ekman) Bisse subsp. cabanensis
Méd. Habana 5: 429. 1869. (Britton & P. Wilson) Bisse, Revista Jard. bot. Nac. Univ. Habana
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 6(3) 5: 1986 [“1985”].
Common Name: Clavellina (Cuba). Eugenia buxoides Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 99. 1923; Mosiera buxoides
References: 3, 39. (Urb.) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 6(3): 4. 1986
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of [“1985”].
*Mitranthes urbaniana Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: References: 3, 30, 147, 149, 156.
537. 1941. Type. Jamaica. Perkins 977. Mosiera cabanasensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi subsp. flavicans
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 78. 1992; Eugenia
References: 147, 149. flavicans Urb. & Ekman in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 488. 1928;
Note: A name overlooked by Adams (2). Mosiera flavicans (Urb. & Ekman) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac.
Mitropsidium sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Burret = Psidium sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Univ. Habana 6(3) 5: 1986 [“1985”].
Alain Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Mosiera acunae (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac.
Univ. Habana 6(3): 5. 1986 [“1985”]; Myrtus acunae Borhidi & Mosiera cabanasensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi subsp.
O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 21: 227. 1976 [“1975”]. pastelillensis (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 78. 1992;
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Eugenia pastelillensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 510. 1928; Mosiera
Reference: 149. flavicans (Urb. & Ekman) Bisse subsp. pastelillensis (Urb.) Bisse,
Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 6(3) 5: 1986 [“1985”].
Mosiera androsiana (Urb.) Salywon, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 899. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
2007; Eugenia androsiana Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: References: 30, 39, 149.
467. 1915; Psidium androsianum (Urb.) Correll, J. Arnold Arbor. Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
58: 41. 1977. Cuba (39).
References: 45, 147, 156, 256. Mosiera calycolpoides (Griseb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 78. 1992;
Psidium calycolpoides Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 183. 1860; Myrtus
Mosiera araneosa (Urb.) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana calycolpoides (Griseb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem
6(3): 5. 1986 [“1985”]; Psidium araneosum Urb., Repert. Spec. 15: 481. 1941.
Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 304. 1924. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Mosiera crenulata (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 78.
Mosiera bahamensis (Kiaersk.) Small = Mosiera longipes (O. Berg) 1992; Psidium crenulatum Urb. & Ekman in I. Urban, Symb.
Small Antill. 9: 460. 1928.
number 9 8 • 597
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Eugenia bahamensis Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 266. 1890; Anamomis
References: 3, 30, 147. bahamensis (Kiaersk.) Britton ex Small, Fl. Florida Keys 104.
1913; Myrtus bahamensis (Kiaersk.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 18.
Mosiera cuspidata Salywon, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 899. 2007;
1927; Mosiera bahamensis (Kiaersk.) Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 937.
Psidium cuspidatum Alain, Brittonia 20: 159. 1968, nom. illeg.
1933.
Psidium insulanum Alain, Phytologia 47: 187. 1980.
Psidium longipes (O. Berg) McVaugh var. orbiculare (Berg) McVaugh,
Mosiera delriscoi (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: J. Arnold Arbor. 54: 314. 1973.
79. 1992; Myrtus delriscoi Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Curaçao,
219. 1978 [“1977”]. and United States (FL).
Mosiera macrophylla Bisse ex Urquiola & Z. Acosta, Willdenowia 38:
538. 2008.
Cuba (39).
Mosiera ekmanii (Urb.) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana References: 149, 152.
6(3): 4. 1986 [“1985”]; Myrtus ekmanii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 79.
Mosiera x miraflorensis (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi, Acta Bot.
1923.
Hung. 37: 79. 1992; Myrtus x miraflorensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz,
Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 21: 227. 1976 [“1975”].
Mosiera elliptica (C. Wright) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Reference: 149.
Habana 6(3): 5. 1986 [“1985”], subsp. elliptica; Myrtus elliptica
Mosiera moaensis Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 6(3): 4.
C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 410.
1986 [“1985”]; Eugenia moaensis R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor.
1869.
28: 122. 1947, nom. illeg., non E. moensis Britton & P. Wilson,
Psidium saxicola Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 86.
1920.
1920.
Mosiera munizii (Borhidi) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana
Mosiera elliptica (C. Wright) Bisse subsp. matanzasia (Urb.) Bisse,
6(3): 5. 1986 [“1985”]; Myrtus munizii Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64:
Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 6(3): 5. 1986 [“1985”];
218. 1978 [“1977”].
Myrtus matanzasia Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 459. 1928.
Mosiera flavicans (Urb. & Ekman) Bisse = Mosiera cabanasensis (Britton Cuba (39).
& P. Wilson) Borhidi subsp. flavicans (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi
Mosiera nummularioides (Britton & P. Wilson) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot.
Mosiera flavicans (Urb. & Ekman) Bisse subsp. cabanasensis (Britton Nac. Univ. Habana 6: 5. 1986 [“1985”]; Psidium nummularioides
& P. Wilson) Bisse = Mosiera cabanasensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 85. 1920; Myrtus
Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 78. 1992, subsp. cabanasensis nummularioides (Britton & P. Wilson) Urb., Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 16.
Mosiera flavicans (Urb. & Ekman) Bisse subsp. pastelillensis (Urb.) 1931.
Bisse = Mosiera cabanasensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi subsp. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
pastelillensis (Urb.) Borhidi References: 3, 39, 147.
Mosiera gracilipes (Alain) Salywon, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 899. Cuba (39).
2007; Psidium gracilipes Alain, Phytologia 25: 270. 1973.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Mosiera occidentalis Bisse ex Urquiola & Z. Acosta, Willdenowia 38:
References: 7, 8, 156, 256. 540. 2008.
Mosiera havanensis (Urb.) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana References: 149, 152.
6(3): 4. 1986 [“1985”]; Psidium havanense Urb., Symb. Antill. 9:
461. 1928. Mosiera oonophylla (Urb.) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. 6(3): 4. 1986 [“1985”]; Eugenia oonophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 9:
References: 3, 30, 39, 147, 427. 105. 1923; Myrtus oonophylla (Urb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Berlin-Dahlem 15: 483. 1941.
Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Mosiera jackii (Urb.) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 6(3):
5. 1986 [“1985”]; Psidium jackii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 467. 1928; Mosiera ophiticola (Britton & P. Wilson) Bisse, Revista Jard. Bot.
Myrtus calycolpoides (Griseb.) Burret subsp. jackii (Urb.) Borhidi, Nac. Univ. Habana 6(3): 5. 1986 [“1985”]; Psidium ophiticola
Bot. Közlem. 64: 218. 1978 [“1977”]. Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 86. 1920; Myrtus
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. ophiticola (Britton & P. Wilson) Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist.
References: 3, 30, 149. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 12: 10. 1953.
Myrtus tripliphylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 80. 1923.
Mosiera longipes (O. Berg) Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 937. 1933; Eugenia Psidium confertum R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 123. 1947.
longipes O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 150. 1856; Anamomis longipes (O. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Berg) Britton ex Small, Fl. Miami 132. 1913; Psidium longipes (O. References: 3, 30, 147, 156.
Berg) McVaugh, J. Arnold Arbor. 54: 312. 1973.
Mosiera tiburona (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 79. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
1992; Eugenia tiburona Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 26. Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
1931; Myrtus tiburona (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, and South America.
29: 186. 1983. Common Names: Guayabón, Huesito (Dominican Republic), Bois
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. guépois, Dji-pois, Guépois, Merisier, Merisier bois (Lesser
References: 7, 149. Antilles), Guayabacón (Puerto Rico).
Mosiera tussacii (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 79. References: 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 147, 301, 340.
1992; Eugenia tussacii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 37. Myrcia antillana McVaugh, J. Arnold Arbor. 54: 311. 1973.
1927; Myrtus tussacii (Urb. & Ekman) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, St.
Berlin-Dahlem 15: 483. 1941. Lucia, St. Vincent).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Common Names: Bois faire, Bwa fé (Lesser Antilles).
Mosiera urbaniana Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 79. 1992. Myrcia apodocarpa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 87. 1923.
Myrtus flavicans Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 15. 1932. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 7, 149.
Myrcia berberis DC. = Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC.
Mosiera wrightii (Krug & Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 79. 1992;
Myrcia borhidii O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 20. 1977.
Psidium wrightii Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 570. 1894.
References: 3, 149.
Mosiera xerophytica (Britton) Salywon, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 900. Cuba (39).
2007; Eugenia xerophytica Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 11.
Myrcia calcicola Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 281. 1982.
1924.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. John).
References: 19, 58, 61, 156, 256.
Mosiera yamaniguensis Bisse ex Urquiola & Z. Acosta, Willdenowia Species.
38: 543. 2008.
Myrcia citrifolia (Aubl.) Urb. = Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC.
References: 149, 152. Myrcia citrifolia (Aubl.) Urb. var. imrayana (Griseb.) Stehlé &
L. Quentin = Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC.
Mozartia abbottiana (Urb.) Urb. = Myrcia abbottiana (Urb.) Alain
Myrcia citrifolia (Aubl.) Urb. var. jacquiniana (Griseb.) Stehlé &
Mozartia albescens Alain = Myrcia albescens (Alain) Alain
L. Quentin = Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC.
Mozartia emarginata Moldenke = Pimenta oligantha (Urb.) Burret
Myrcia coriacea DC. var. acutifolia Griseb. = Myrcia guianensis
Mozartia gundlachii Urb. = Myrcia gundlachii Krug & Urb. (Aubl.) DC.
Mozartia maestrensis Urb. = Myrcia maestrensis (Urb.) Alain Myrcia coriacea DC. var. imrayana Griseb. = Myrcia guianensis
Mozartia manacalensis (Urb.) Urb. = Myrcia manacalensis Urb. (Aubl.) DC.
Mozartia oligostemon Urb. = Myrcia oligostemon (Urb.) Alain Myrcia coriacea DC. var. jacquiniana Griseb. = Myrcia guianensis
(Aubl.) DC.
Myrcia abbottiana (Urb.) Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 138.
1971; Eugenia abbottiana Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: Myrcia coriacea DC. var. reticulata Griseb. = Myrcia guianensis
341. 1924; Mozartia abbottiana (Urb.) Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): (Aubl.) DC.
24. 1929. Myrcia coriacea DC. var. swartziana Griseb. = Myrcia guianensis
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). (Aubl.) DC.
References: 7, 152.
Myrcia cristalensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 20. 1977.
Myrcia acunae Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 20. 1977. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 149.
Myrcia cubensis (Griseb.) Krug & Urb. = Myrciaria floribunda (H. West
Myrcia albescens (Alain) Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 138. ex Willd.) O. Berg
1971; Mozartia albescens Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Myrcia deflexa (Poir.) DC., Prodr. 3: 244. 1828; Eugenia deflexa Poir.
Colegio “De La Salle” 12: 10. 1953.
in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 3: 124. 1813.
Myrcia ferruginea sensu O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 90. 1855, non DC.
References: 3, 147, 149, 152.
Myrcia ferruginea (Poir.) DC. var. domingensis O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 90.
Myrcia amazonica DC., Prodr. 3: 250. 1828; Aulomyrcia amazonica 1855.
(DC.) O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 41. 1855. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Myrcia leptoclada DC., Prodr. 3: 244. 1828; Aulomyrcia leptoclada (Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St.
(DC.) O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 40. 1855. Vincent), Trinidad, and South America.
Myrcia divaricata sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 270. Common Names: Auquey chiquito, Auquey del chiquito (Dominican
1881, non DC. Republic), Bois créole, Bwa kwéyèl, Goyavier bâtard, Goyavier bois,
Myrcia kegeliana sensu Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 254. 1889, non Goyavier queue de rat (Lesser Antilles), Cieneguillo (Puerto Rico).
O.Berg References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 301, 340.
number 9 8 • 599
Myrcia divaricata sensu Bello = Myrcia amazonica DC. Myrcia hotteana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 22. 1927.
Myrcia emarginata (Moldenke) Alain = Pimenta oligantha (Urb.) Burret
References: 5, 7.
Myrcia fallax (A. Rich.) DC. = Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC.
Myrcia humboldtiana DC. = Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC.
Myrcia fenzliana O. Berg in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 14(1): 196.
Myrcia humboldtiana DC. var. caribaea O. Berg = Myrcia splendens
1857.
(Sw.) DC.
Gomidesia lindeniana O. Berg, Linnaea 29: 20. 1858; Myrcia
lindeniana (O. Berg) C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Myrcia kegeliana sensu Kiaersk. = Myrcia amazonica DC.
Méd. Habana 5: 429. 1869. Myrcia leptoclada DC. = Myrcia amazonica DC.
Myrcia sintenisii Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 257. 1890.
Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Myrcia lindeniana (O. Berg) C. Wright = Myrcia fenzliana O. Berg
Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Kitts), and South Myrcia maestrensis (Urb.) Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 138.
America. 1971; Mozartia maestrensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 472. 1928.
Common Name: Grand merisier (Lesser Antilles). Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 58, 61, 147, 350. References: 3, 30, 39, 147, 152, 427.
Myrcia ferruginea (Poir.) DC. = Marlierea ferruginea (Poir.) McVaugh Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Myrcia ferruginea (Poir.) DC. var. domingensis O. Berg = Myrcia Species.
deflexa (Poir.) DC.
Myrcia majaguitana Alain & M.M. Mejía, Moscosoa 9: 18. 1997.
Myrcia ferruginea sensu O. Berg = Myrcia deflexa (Poir.) DC. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC., Prodr. 3: 245. 1828; Eugenia References: 149, 156.
guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 506. 1775; Myrtus guianensis Myrcia manacalensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 85. 1923; Mozartia
(Aubl.) Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 45. 1825. manacalensis (Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 473. 1928.
Myrcia citrifolia (Aubl.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 150. Anamomis reticulata Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50:
1919; Myrtus citrifolia Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane, Index, 20. 1775; 45. 1923.
Aulomyrcia citrifolia (Aubl.) Amshoff, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
531. 1948. Common Name: Pimentillo (Cuba).
Eugenia dussii Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 646. 1895. References: 3, 30, 39, 134, 147, 427.
Eugenia marginata Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(1): 17. 1806; Myrtus marginata Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
(Pers.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 438. 1825. Cuba (39) and endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Eugenia paniculata Jacq., Collectanea 2: 108. 1789 [“1788”]. Species.
Eugenia saviifolia Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 190. 1963.
Myrcia coriacea DC. var. imrayana Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 234. 1860; Myrcia margarettae (Alain) Alain, Phytologia 58: 328. 1985; Eugenia
Myrcia citrifolia (Aubl.) Urb. var. imrayana (Griseb.) Stehlé & margarettae Alain, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 190. 1963.
L. Quentin, Fl. Guadeloupe Dépend. & Martinique 2(3): 57. 1949. Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Myrcia coriacea DC. var. jacquiniana Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 234. 1860; Reference: 58.
Myrcia citrifolia (Aubl.) Urb. var. jacquiniana (Griseb.) Stehlé & Myrcia maricaensis Alain = Myrcia portoricensis (Britton) Cedeño-
L. Quentin, Fl. Guadeloupe Dépend. & Martinique 2(3): 57. 1949. Mald. & Breckon ex F.S. Axelrod
Myrcia coriacea DC. var. swartziana Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 234. 1860.
Myrcia martinicensis Krug & Urb. = Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC.
Myrcia coriacea DC. var. reticulata Griseb.,Mem. Amaer. Acad. Arts,
n.s., 8: 182. 1861. Myrcia microstachya Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 361. 1893.
Myrcia coriacea DC. var. acutifolia Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 86. 1866. Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
Myrcia paniculata (Jacq.) Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 577. 1895. References: 2, 147.
Myrtus coriacea Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 59. 1791. Myrcia oligostemon (Urb.) Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 138.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands 1971; Mozartia oligostemon Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 473. 1928.
(St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, References: 3, 30, 39, 147, 152.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St. Eustatius, Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, Trinidad, Cuba (39).
and South America.
Common Names: Mije morado (Cuba), Malagueta (Dominican Myrcia paganii Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 587. 1895.
Republic), Malaguette, Myrte á feuilles de citron, Poivrier de Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico.
Jamaique, Poivrier Jamaique (Haiti), Bois de fer, Bois ti feuilles, Common Name: Ausú (Puerto Rico).
Kurupun, Merisier (Lesser Antilles), Hoja menuda, Limoncillo del References: 58, 61, 427, 633.
monte (Puerto Rico). Note: Considered endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and
References: 1, 3, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 123, 124, 131, 132, 147, 149, critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
323. Myrcia paniculata (Jacq.) Krug & Urb. = Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC.
Myrcia guildingiana (Griseb.) Krug & Urb. = Marlierea guildingiana Myrcia picardae Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 359. 1893.
(Griseb.) Krug & Urb. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Myrcia gundlachii Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 581. 1895; Reference: 147.
Mozartia gundlachii Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 88. 1923. Note: A name overlooked by Liogier (7).
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Myrcia pineticola Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 21:
References: 3, 30, 147. 226. 1976 [“1975”].
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago,
Reference: 149. Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Common Names: Arraiján, Comecará, Tinajero (Cuba), Escoboncito
Myrcia platyclada DC., Prodr. 3: 244. 1828.
(Dominican Republic), Birch, Bois baguette, Bois créole, Bois ti
feuilles, Debasse ti feuille, Merisier, Petit feuille (Lesser Antilles),
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent)and South America.
Hoja menuda, Rama menuda (Puerto Rico), Punch berry (Virgin
Common Names: Merisier des hauts, Merisier montagne (Lesser
Islands).
Antilles).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 30, 58, 61, 75, 147, 149, 301, 340.
References: 1, 147.
Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. var. guantanamana Borhidi & O. Muñiz =
Myrcia polyneura (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 186. 1983;
Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC.
Calyptranthes polyneura Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 94. 1923.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Myrcia susannae Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 215. 1978 [“1977”].
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Reference: 149.
Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Myrcia thomasiana DC. = Eugenia biflora (L.) DC.
Species.
Myrcia tiburoniana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 18. 1931.
Myrcia portoricensis (Britton) Cedeño-Mald. & Breckon ex Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
F.S. Axelrod, Syst. Vad. Vasc. Pl. Puerto Rico 227. 2011; Reference: 7.
Calyptranthes portoricensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 11.
1924. Myrcia toaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 215. 1978
Myrcia maricaensis Alain, Phytologia 58: 327. 1985. [“1977”].
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Myrcia valenzuelana (A. Rich.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 86. 1866;
Species. Eugenia valenzuelana A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba,
Myrcia pungens Urb. = Myrcia retivenia (C. Wright) Urb. Pl. Vasc. 593. 1845.
Aulomyrcia sagrae O. Berg, Linnaea 30: 655. 1861 [as sagraea].
Myrcia ramageana Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 586. 1895. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Dominica, St. Lucia). References: 3, 147, 352.
Common Name: Debasse godaux (Lesser Antilles).
Reference: 1. Myrcianthes esnardiana (Urb. & Ekman) Alain, Brittonia 20: 159. 1968;
Eugenia esnardiana Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 36. 1927.
Myrcia retivenia (C. Wright) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 86. 1923; Eugenia Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti).
retivenia C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. References: 7, 152.
Habana 5: 433. 1869.
Myrcia pungens Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 86. 1923. Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh, Fieldiana, Bot. 29: 485. 1963;
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Myrtus fragrans Sw., Prodr. 79. 1788; Anamomis fragrans (Sw.)
References: 3, 30. Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 240. 1860; Eugenia fragrans (Sw.) Willd.,
Sp. Pl. 2: 964. 1799.
Myrcia saliana Alain, Moscosoa 1(1): 29. 1976. Anamomis grandis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 355. 1910.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Eugenia guayabillo A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
References: 7, 8, 152. Vasc. 590. 1845; Anamomis guayabillo (A. Rich.) Griseb., Cat.
Myrcia sintenisii Kiaersk. = Myrcia fenzliana O. Berg Pl. Cub. 90. 1866; Myrtus guayabillo (A. Rich.) C. Wright in F.A.
Myrcia skeldingii Proctor, Rhodora 60: 325. 1959.
Anamomis lucayana Britton in N.L. Britton & C.F. Millspaugh,
Bahama Fl. 306. 1920; Eugenia lucayana (Britton) Alain, Contr.
References: 2, 427.
Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 12: 11. 1953.
Myrcia sororia DC. = Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. Anamomis punctata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 240. 1860.
Myrcia spinifolia Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 215. 1978 Eugenia fajardensis (Krug & Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 109. 1923;
[“1977”]. Eugenia fragrans (Sw.) Willd. var. fajardensis Krug & Urb., Bot.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 665. 1895.
Reference: 149. Eugenia fragrans (Sw.) Willd. var. brachyrhiza Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb.
Syst. 19: 665. 1895.
Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 244. 1828; Myrtus splendens Eugenia granulata O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 260. 1856.
Sw., Prodr. 79. 1788. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Myrcia berberis DC., Prodr. 3: 254. 1828. Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St.
Myrcia fallax (A. Rich.) DC., Prodr. 3: 244. 1828. John, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Myrcia humboldtiana DC., Prodr. 3: 256. 1828. Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin),
Myrcia humboldtiana DC. var. caribaea O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 121. 1855. United States (FL), Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Myrcia martinicensis Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 586. 1895. Common Names: Naked-wood, Pale stopper (Bahamas), Arrayán,
Myrcia sororia DC., Prodr. 3: 243. 1828. Guayabillo, Ozua, Reyita (Dominican Republic), Bois d’Inde, Bois
Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. var. guantanamana Borhidi & O. Muñiz, d’Ine, Bois mulâtre, Malaguette (Haiti), Bois d’inde bâtard, Bois pelé,
Bot. Közlem. 64: 20. 1977. Goyavier-montagne (Lesser Antilles), Guayabacón (Puerto Rico).
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 36, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147,
Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, 152, 156, 350.
Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba,
number 9 8 • 601
Myrcianthes krugii Kiaersk. = Pseudanamomis umbellulifera (Kunth) Myrtus axillaris Sw. = Eugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd.
Kausel Myrtus bahamensis (Kiaersk.) Urb. = Mosiera longipes (O. Berg) Small
Myrcianthes montana (Aubl.) C. Nelson = Marlierea montana (Aubl.) Myrtus bellonis (Krug & Urb. ex Urb.) Burret = Eugenia bellonis Krug
Amshoff & Urb. ex Urb.
Myrcianthes umbellulifera (Kunth) Alain = Pseudanamomis Myrtus biflora L. = Eugenia biflora (L.) DC.
umbellulifera (Kunth) Kausel
Myrtus brachystemon DC. = Eugenia procera (Sw.) Poir.
Myrciaria borinquena Alain, Phytologia 47: 187. 1980.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. Myrtus buxifolia Sw. = Eugenia foetida Pers.
References: 58, 149. Myrtus cabanasensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Alain = Mosiera
Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 330. cabanasensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi subsp. cabanasensis
1856; Eugenia floribunda H. West ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 960. 1799. Myrtus cainitoides Urb. = Pimenta cainitoides (Urb.) Burret
Calycorectes cubensis Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 90. 1866; Marlierea
Myrtus calycolpoides (Griseb.) Burret = Mosiera calycolpoides (Griseb.)
cubensis (Griseb.) Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 589. 1895;
Borhidi
Plinia cubensis (Griseb.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15:
413. 1919. Myrtus calycolpoides (Griseb.) Burret subsp. jackii (Urb.) Borhidi =
Eugenia asa-grayi Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 658. 1895. Mosiera jackii (Urb.) Bisse
Eugenia disticha sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 271. 1881, Myrtus chytraculia L. = Calyptranthes chytraculia (L.) Sw.
non DC.
Eugenia polyneura Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 446. 1908. Myrtus citrifolia Aubl. = Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC.
Eugenia pycnoneura Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 25. 1909. Myrtus communis L., Sp. Pl. 471. 1753.
Plinia acutissima Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 25. 1929. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and Lesser
Plinia asa-grayi (Krug & Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 474. 1928. Antilles (Barbados, Martinique); native to Europe, Africa, and
Plinia formosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 89. 1923. Asia.
Plinia rubrinervis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 474. 1928. Common Names: Arrayán, Mirto criollo, Murta, Murtiñas (Cuba),
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Bois de basse, Cherry guava, Coco carette, Guava berry (Lesser
Islands (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Antilles), Mirto (Puerto Rico).
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe, References: 1, 61, 131, 132, 159.
Martinique, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
Myrtus cordata Sw. = Eugenia cordata (Sw.) DC. var. cordata
St. Martin), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and South
America. Myrtus coriacea Vahl = Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC.
Common Names: Arrayán, Mije, Mijo (Dominican Republic), Bois Myrtus crenulata Sw. = Eugenia crenulata (Sw.) Willd. var. crenulata
mulâtre (Haiti), Bois de basse, Cherry guava, Coco carette, Guava
berry (Lesser Antilles), Murta (Puerto Rico), Guava berry (Virgin Myrtus cumini L. = Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels
Islands). Myrtus delriscoi Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Mosiera delriscoi (Borhidi &
References: 1, 3, 5, 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 147, 301, 340. O. Muñiz) Borhidi
Myrciaria myrtifolia Alain, Phytologia 54: 109. 1983. Myrtus disticha Sw. = Eugenia disticha (Sw.) DC.
Myrtus ekmanii Urb. = Mosiera ekmanii (Urb.) Bisse
Myrtus elliptica C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle = Mosiera elliptica
Myrciaria tenella (DC.) O. Berg in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 14(1):
(C. Wright) Bisse subsp. elliptica
368. 1857; Eugenia tenella DC., Prodr. 3: 272. 1828.
Plinia haitiensis Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 22. 1926. Myrtus ferruginea (Poir.) Spreng. = Marlierea ferruginea (Poir.) McVaugh
Plinia montecristina Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 19. 1931. Myrtus flavicans Urb. & Ekman = Mosiera urbaniana Borhidi
References: 5, 7, 147, 149. Myrtus fragrans Sw. = Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh
Myrtekmania adenoclada (Urb.) Urb. = Pimenta adenoclada (Urb.) Myrtus glabrata Sw. = Eugenia glabrata (Sw.) DC.
Burret Myrtus greggii Sw. = Eugenia greggii (Sw.) Poir
Myrtekmania clementis Alain = Pimenta odiolens (Urb.) Burret Myrtus guayabillo (A. Rich.) C. Wright = Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.)
Myrtekmania filipes Urb. = Pimenta filipes (Urb.) Burret McVaugh
Myrtekmania moaensis Areces = Pimenta filipes (Urb.) Burret Myrtus leiophloea (Urb.) Bisse = Mosiera bullata (Britton & P. Wilson)
Bisse subsp. leiophloea (Urb.) Bisse
Myrtekmania odiolens (Urb.) Alain = Pimenta odiolens (Urb.) Burret
Myrtus leiophloea (Urb.) Borhidi = Mosiera bullata (Britton &
Myrtekmania podocarpoides Areces = Pimenta podocarpoides (Areces) P. Wilson) Bisse subsp. leiophloea (Urb.) Bisse
Landrum
Myrtus leriocarpa C. Wright = Pimenta ferruginea (Griseb.) Burret
Myrtus acris Sw. = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore var. racemosa
Myrtus ligustrina Sw. = Eugenia ligustrina (Sw.) Willd.
Myrtus acunae Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Mosiera acunae (Borhidi &
O. Muñiz) Bisse Myrtus lineata Sw. = Eugenia lineata (Sw.) DC.
Myrtus alpina Sw. = Eugenia alpina (Sw.) Willd. Myrtus marginata (Pers.) Spreng. = Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC.
Myrtus anomala (Britt. & P. Wilson) Burret = Mosiera bullata (Britton Myrtus matanzasia Urb. = Mosiera elliptica (C. Wright) Bisse subsp.
& P. Wilson) Bisse subsp. bullata matanzasia (Urb.) Bisse
Myrtus x miraflorensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Mosiera x miraflorensis Pimenta cainitoides (Urb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem
(Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi 15: 514. 1941; Myrtus cainitoides Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Veg. 19: 301. 1924; Krokia cainitoides (Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill.
Myrtus monticola Sw. = Eugenia monticola (Sw.) DC.
9: 470. 1928.
Myrtus muniziana (Borhidi) Borhidi = Psidium munizianum Borhidi Amomis pilotoana Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 471. 1928; Krokia pilotoana
Myrtus munizii Borhidi = Mosiera munizii (Borhidi) Bisse (Urb.) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 213. 1978 [“1977”]; Pimenta
pilotoana (Urb.) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 62: 26. 1975.
Myrtus nummularioides (Britton & P. Wilson) Urb. = Mosiera Krokia nipensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 468. 1928; Pimenta nipensis
nummularioides (Britton & P. Wilson) Bisse (Urb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 512. 1941.
Myrtus oligantha Urb. = Pimenta oligantha (Urb.) Burret Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and
Hispaniola.
Myrtus ophiticola (Britton & P. Wilson) Alain = Mosiera ophiticola
References: 3, 30, 39, 132, 147, 149, 427, 570.
(Britton & P. Wilson) Bisse
Myrtus pimenta sensu Ortega = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
var. racemosa Species.
Myrtus poiretii Spreng. = Eugenia foetida Pers. Pimenta crenulata Alain = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore var.
Myrtus poiretii sensu O. Berg = Eugenia monticola (Sw.) DC. hispaniolensis (Urb.) Landrum
Myrtus pomifera Aubl. = Eugenia pomifera (Aubl.) Urb. Pimenta cubensis Urb. = Pimenta oligantha (Urb.) Burret
Myrtus procera Sw. = Eugenia procera (Sw.) Poir. Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr., Contr. Gray Herb. 165: 37. 1947.
Pimenta officinalis Lindl., Coll. Bot. t. 19. 1821.
Myrtus punicifolia Kunth = Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. Pimenta pimenta (L.) H. Karst., Deut. Fl. 790. 1882.
Myrtus rigidifolia (A. Rich.) Kuntze = Eugenia rigidifolia A. Rich. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
subsp. rigidifolia Jamaica, Mexico, and Central America; cultivated in Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands (St. Croix), and Lesser Antilles.
Myrtus sagrae O. Berg = Psidium salutare (Kunth) O. Berg
Common Names: Pimienta de clavo, Pimienta de Jamaica, Pimienta
Myrtus salutaris Kunth = Psidium salutare (Kunth) O. Berg gorda, Pimienta (Cuba), Malagueta (Dominican Republic), Poivre
Myrtus sessiliflora (Vahl) Spreng. = Eugenia sessiliflora Vahl Jamaïque, Malaguette (Haiti), Allspice, Pimento (Jamaica),
Pimenta, Pimienta, Allspice (Puerto Rico).
Myrtus sintenisii Kiaersk. = Eugenia cordata (Sw.) DC. var. sintenisii References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 40, 45, 58, 61, 147, 230, 570.
(Kiaersk.) Krug & Urb.
Pimenta ferruginea (Griseb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem
Myrtus splendens Sw. = Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. 15: 513. 1941; Anamomis ferruginea Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 91.
Myrtus stahlii Kiaersk. = Eugenia stahlii (Kiaersk.) Krug & Urb. 1866; Krokia ferruginea (Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 469. 1928.
Myrtus leriocarpa C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Myrtus tiburona (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi = Mosiera tiburona (Urb. &
Habana 5: 410. 1869; Eugenia leriocarpa (C. Wright) Krug &
Ekman) Borhidi
Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 662. 1895.
Myrtus tripliphylla Urb. = Mosiera ophiticola (Britton & P. Wilson) Bisse Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Myrtus tuberculata Kunth = Eugenia tuberculata (Kunth) DC. Common Name: Pimiento cimarrón (Cuba).
References: 3, 30, 39, 124, 350, 427, 570.
Myrtus tussacii (Urb. & Ekman) Burret = Mosiera tussacii (Urb. & Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Ekman) Borhidi Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Myrtus umbellulifera Kunth = Pseudanamomis umbellulifera (Kunth) Pimenta filipes (Urb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15:
Kausel 513. 1941; Myrtekmania filipes Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 486. 1928;
Myrtus willdenowii Spreng. = Eugenia uniflora L. Krokia filipes (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 214.
1978 [“1977”].
Myrtus zuzygium L. = Calyptranthes zuzygium (L.) Sw.
Krokia leonis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 213. 1978
Neomitranthes ekmanii (Urb.) Mattos = Calyptrogenia grandiflora Burret [“1977”].
Pimenta acris (Sw.) Kostel. var. grisea Kiaersk. = Pimenta racemosa Myrtekmania moaensis Areces, Ciencias (Havana), ser. 10, 3: 6. 1975;
(Mill.) J.W. Moore var. grisea (Kiaersk.) Fosberg Krokia moaensis (Areces) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64:
214. 1978 [“1977”].
Pimenta acuminata Bello = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore var. Pimenta moaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 21:
racemosa 226. 1976 [“1975”].
Pimenta adenoclada (Urb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
15: 513. 1941; Eugenia adenoclada Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 109. Common Names: Limoncillo, Pimientica (Cuba).
1923; Krokia adenoclada (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. References: 3, 30, 39, 149, 156, 427, 570.
Közlem. 64: 213. 1978 [“1977”]; Myrtekmania adenoclada (Urb.) Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 485. 1928. Cuba (39) and vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Common Name: Pimienta (Cuba). Pimenta haitiensis (Urb.) Landrum, Brittonia 36: 242. 1984;
References: 3, 30, 39, 147, 149, 427, 570. Cryptorhiza haitiensis Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27:
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of 404. 1921.
Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Pimenta anisomera (Urb. & Ekman) Burret = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) Common Names: Malagueta (Dominican Republic), Malaguette (Haiti).
J.W. Moore var. ozua (Urb. & Ekman) Landrum References: 7, 149, 427, 570.
number 9 8 • 603
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Pimenta pimento sensu A. Stahl = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore
Species. var. grisea (Kiaersk.) Fosberg
Pimenta hispaniolensis (Urb.) Burret = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Pimenta podocarpoides (Areces) Landrum, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 45:
Moore var. hispaniolensis (Urb.) Landrum 99. 1986; Myrtekmania podocarpoides Areces, Ciencias (Havana),
ser. 10, 3: 4. 1975; Krokia podocarpoides (Areces) Borhidi &
Pimenta jamaicensis (Britton & Harris) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica,
O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 213. 1978 [“1977”].
Sci. Ser. 16: 34. 1967; Amomis jamaicensis Britton & Harris, Bull.
Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 34. 1967.
References: 39, 149, 156, 427, 570.
Common Name: Wild pimento (Jamaica).
Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore, Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull.
Pimenta moaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Pimenta filipes (Urb.) Burret
102: 33. 1933, var. racemosa; Caryophyllus racemosus Mill.,
Pimenta myrciifolia Borhidi & O. Muñiz = Pimenta oligantha (Urb.) Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Burret Amomis caryophyllata (Jacq.) Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 575.
Pimenta nipensis (Urb.) Burret = Pimenta cainitoides (Urb.) Burret 1894.
Amomis pimento O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 419. 1856.
Pimenta obscura Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 281. 1982; Pimenta sp. Myrtus acris Sw., Prodr. 79. 1788.
A C.D. Adams, Fl. Pl. Jamaica 518. 1972. Myrtus pimenta sensu Ortega, Hist. Nat. de la Malagueta. 1780,
Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica. non L.
Common Name: Wild pimento (Jamaica). Pimenta acuminata Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 270. 1881.
References: 2, 156, 427, 570. Pimenta pimento Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 241. 1860.
Note: Considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Pimenta vulgaris sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 270.
Species. 1881, non Lindl.
Pimenta odiolens (Urb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Lesser
15: 514. 1941; Amomis odiolens Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 471. Antilles (Barbados, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent),
1928; Krokia odiolens (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. Margarita, Tobago, Trinidad, and South America; exotic in
64: 213. 1978 [“1977”]; Myrtekmania odiolens (Urb.) Alain, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
Phytologia 8: 370. 1962. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda).
Myrtekmania clementis Alain, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio Common Names: Bay-rum, Malagueta, Pimienta de Puerto Rico,
“De La Salle” 12: 10. 1953. Pimienta de Tabasco (Cuba), Ausubo, Auzua, Auzubo, Bay-rum,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Berrón, Canelilla, Canelillo, Ozúa, Girofle, Malagueta (Dominican
Common Name: Palo de cincha (Cuba). Republic), Bois bay-rum, Bois d’Inde français, Bois d’ine français,
References: 3, 30, 39, 147, 149, 156, 427, 570. Clou de girofle, Myrte à feuilles de laurier (Haiti), Bay rum tree
Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of (Jamaica), Bay leaf, Bay rum tree, Bay tree, Bois d’Inde, Bayberry
Cuba (39) and by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. tree, Bois d’Inde vrai, Bois deh, Christmas tree, Cinnamon (Lesser
Antilles), Malagueta (Puerto Rico).
Pimenta officinalis Lindl. = Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 19, 30, 36, 58, 61, 75, 123, 131, 132, 149,
Pimenta oligantha (Urb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 152, 156, 301, 323, 340, 570.
15: 513. 1941; Myrtus oligantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 79. 1923;
Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore var. grisea (Kiaersk.) Fosberg,
Krokia oligantha (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64:
Amer. Midl. Naturalist 27: 762. 1942; Pimenta acris (Sw.)
213. 1978 [“1977”].
Kostel. var. grisea Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 289. 1890; Amomis
Mozartia emarginata Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 226. 1947; Myrcia
caryophyllata (Jacq.) Krug & Urb. var. grisea (Kiaersk.) Urb., Bot.
emarginata (Moldenke) Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21:
Jahrb. Syst. 19: 575. 1894; Amomis grisea (Kiaersk.) Britton in
138. 1971.
N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands
Pimenta cubensis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 470. 1928.
6: 28. 1925.
Pimenta myrciifolia Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 214. 1978
Pimenta pimento sensu Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 270. 1881,
[“1977”].
and sensu A. Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 4: 72. 1886, non Griseb.
References: 3, 30, 39, 149, 152, 156, 427, 570.
Rico and Virgin Islands (St. Thomas, Tortola).
Common Names: Ozua (Dominican Republic), Ausú, Limoncillo
(Puerto Rico), Cinnamon bush (Virgin Islands).
Species.
References: 7, 19, 30, 58, 61, 75, 149, 306, 340, 570.
Pimenta ozua (Urb. & Ekman) Burret = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W.
Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore var. hispaniolensis (Urb.)
Moore var. ozua (Urb. & Ekman) Landrum
Landrum, Brittonia 36: 242. 1984.
Pimenta pauciflora (Urb.) Burret = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Amomis hispaniolensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 21. 1926; Pimenta
Moore var. hispaniolensis (Urb.) Landrum hispaniolensis (Urb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15:
Pimenta pilotoana (Urb.) Borhidi = Pimenta cainitoides (Urb.) Burret 511. 1941.
Amomis pauciflora Urb., Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 21. 1927; Pimenta
Pimenta pimenta (L.) H. Karst. = Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. pauciflora (Urb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15:
Pimenta pimento Griseb. = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore var. 511. 1941.
racemosa Pimenta crenulata Alain, Moscosoa 1(1): 29. 1976.
Pimenta pimento sensu Bello = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore
References: 5, 7, 8, 149, 570.
var. grisea (Kiaersk.) Fosberg
Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore var. ozua (Urb. & Ekman) Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Landrum, Brittonia 36: 242. 1984; Amomis ozua Urb. & Ekman, References: 3, 30, 39.
Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 22. 1929; Pimenta ozua (Urb. & Ekman) Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 511. 1941. Cuba (39).
Amomis anisomera Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 23. 1929; Plinia dussii (Krug & Urb.) Urb. = Siphoneugena dussii (Krug & Urb.)
Pimenta anisomera (Urb. & Ekman) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Proença
Berlin-Dahlem 15: 511. 1941.
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Plinia ekmaniana Urb., Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 23. 1927.
References: 5, 7.
Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore var. terebinthina (Burret)
Landrum, Brittonia 36: 243. 1984; Pimenta terebinthina Burret, Plinia formosa Urb. = Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg
Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 511. 1941. Plinia haitiensis Urb. & Ekman = Myrciaria tenella (DC.) O. Berg
Eugenia abeggii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 35. 1927; Plinia
Plinia icardiana Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 27. 1929.
abeggii (Urb. & Ekman) Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 25. 1929.
References: 5, 7.
References: 5, 7, 149, 570.
Plinia microcycla Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 26. 1929.
Pimenta richardii Proctor, J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 282. 1982.
References: 5, 7.
Note: Considered endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Plinia moaensis Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 18. 1977.
Pimenta (sp. A) in C.D. Adams = Pimenta obscura Proctor
Pimenta terebinthina Burret = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore Cuba (39).
var. terebinthina (Burret) Landrum
Plinia montecristina Urb. & Ekman = Myrciaria tenella (DC.) O. Berg
Pimenta vulgaris Bello = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore var.
Plinia orthoclada Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 476. 1928.
racemosa
Pimenta vulgaris sensu Bello = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore References: 3, 30, 39.
var. racemosa Note: Considered vulnerable by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Pimentus greggii (Sw.) Raf. = Eugenia greggii (Sw.) Poir. Cuba (39).
Plinia abeggii (Urb. & Ekman) Urb. = Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Plinia pinnata L., Sp. Pl. 516. 1753.
Moore var. terebinthina (Burret) Landrum Distribution: Endemic to Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Lucia) and Trinidad.
Plinia acunae Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Bot. Közlem. 64: 19. 1977. Common Names: Bois de bass, Bois muscade, Muscade de la
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Martinique, Muscadier (Lesser Antilles).
Cuba (39). Plinia punctata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 89. 1923.
Plinia acutissima Urb. = Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) References: 3, 30.
O. Berg
Plinia ramosissima (Urb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 475. 1928;
Plinia acutissima Urb. var. cidrensis (Urb.) Borhidi = Plinia cidrensis Calyptranthes ramosissima Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 92. 1923.
Urb. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Plinia arenicola Urquiola & Z. Acosta, Willdenowia 39: 143. 2008. References: 3, 30, 39.
Plinia asa-grayi (Krug & Urb.) Urb. = Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Plinia recurvata Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 477. 1928.
Willd.) O. Berg. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 30.
Plinia baracoensis Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 19. 1977.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Plinia rubrinervis Urb. = Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.)
Reference: 149. O. Berg
Plinia caricensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 26. 1929. Plinia rupestris Ekman & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 474. 1928.
Plinia cidrensis Urb., Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 27. 1929; Plinia acutissima
Urb. var. cidrensis (Urb.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 186. 1983.
Threatened Species.
References: 5, 7, 149. Plinia sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Britton = Marlierea sintenisii Kiaersk.
Plinia cubensis (Griseb.) Urb. = Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Plinia stenophylla Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 90. 1923.
Willd.) O. Berg Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Common Name: Hoja de clavo (Cuba).
Plinia dermatodes Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 476. 1928.
number 9 8 • 605
References: 3, 30, 39. Common Name: Guayabita (Cuba).

Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of References: 3, 30.
Cuba (39). Psidium brevifolium Alain, Moscosoa 1(1): 33. 1976.
Plinia toscanosia Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 477. 1928. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
References: 3, 30, 39. Psidium bullatum Britton & P. Wilson = Mosiera bullata (Britton &
Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of P. Wilson) Bisse subsp. bullata
Cuba (39).
Psidium cacuminis Britton & P. Wilson = Eugenia maestrensis Urb.
Pseudanamomis catingiflora (Griseb.) Bisse = Eugenia catingiflora
Griseb. Psidium calycolpoides Griseb. = Mosiera calycolpoides (Griseb.)
Borhidi
Pseudanamomis cordata (Sw.) Bisse = Eugenia cordata (Sw.) DC. var.
cordata Psidium calyptranthoides Alain, Phytologia 54: 109. 1983.
Pseudanamomis cupuligera (Urb.) Bisse = Eugenia cupuligera Urb. Reference: 58.
Pseudanamomis gibberosa (Urb.) Bisse = Eugenia gibberosa Urb. Psidium cattleianum Sabine, Trans. Hort. Soc. London 4: 317. 1822.
Pseudanamomis jambosoides (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Bisse = Eugenia Psidium littorale Raddi var. longipes (O. Berg) Fosberg, Proc. Biol. Soc.
jambosoides C. Wright ex Griseb. Wash. 54: 180. 1941.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St.
Pseudanamomis maestrensis (Urb.) Bisse = Eugenia maestrensis Urb.
Croix), Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat,
Pseudanamomis samuelssonii (Ekman & Urb.) Bisse = Eugenia Nevis).
samuelssonii Ekman & Urb. Common Names: Guayabita cereza, Guayabita fresa (Cuba),
Pseudanamomis umbellulifera (Kunth) Kausel, Ark. Bot., n.s., 3: 512. Strawberry guava, Purple guava (Jamaica), Goyavier de St.
1956; Myrtus umbellulifera Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, Martin, Goyavier prune (Lesser Antilles).
A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 135. References: 1, 2, 58, 61, 132, 230.
1823; Anamomis umbellulifera (Kunth) Britton in N.L. Britton Psidium celastroides Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 463. 1928.
& P. Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 42. 1925; Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Eugenia umbellulifera (Kunth) Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: References: 3, 30, 39, 147.
665. 1895; Myrcianthes umbellulifera (Kunth) Alain, Brittonia 20: Note: Considered threatened by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
159. 1968. Cuba (39).
Eugenia esculenta O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 273. 1856.
Psidium claraense Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 466. 1928.
Myrcianthes krugii Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 276. 1890.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles,
Curaçao, and Margarita; native to South America.
Common Names: Ciruela, Ciruela de las animas, Ciruelillo (Dominican
Cuba (39).
Republic), Ciruelas (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 7, 30, 58, 61, 123, 131, 147, 152, 301. Psidium confertum R.A. Howard = Mosiera ophiticola (Britton &
P. Wilson) Bisse
Pseudanamomis victorinii (Alain) Bisse = Eugenia victorinii Alain
Psidium cordatum sensu Griseb. = Guapira obtusata (Jacj.) Little subsp.
Psidiastrum dubium Bello = Eugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd.
obtusata
Psidium acranthum Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 367. 1922.
Psidium cordatum Sims var. parvifolium Griseb. = Psidium
amplexicaule Pers.
Reference: 7.
Psidium crenulatum Urb. & Ekman = Mosiera crenulata (Urb. &
Psidium acunae Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 17. 1972
Ekman) Borhidi
[“1971”].
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Psidium crispulum Urb. = Hottea crispula (Urb.) Urb.
Reference: 149. Psidium cuspidatum Alain = Mosiera cuspidata Salywon
Psidium albescens Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 441. 1908. Psidium cymosum Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 464. 1928.
Psidium amplexicaule Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(1): 27. 1806. Psidium dictyophyllum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 21A(5): 19. 1927.
Psidium cordatum Sims var. parvifolium Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 91. 1866. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Eugenia corozalensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 11. 1924. Reference: 7.
Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Psidium dumetorum Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16: 37. 1967.
and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Nevis). Distribution: Endemic to Jamaica.
References: 1, 19, 58, 61, 124. References: 2, 427.
Note: Considered extinct by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Psidium androsianum (Urb.) Correll = Mosiera androsiana (Urb.)
Salywon Psidium gracilipes Alain = Mosiera gracilipes (Alain) Salywon
Psidium araneosum Urb. = Mosiera araneosa (Urb.) Bisse Psidium guajava L., Sp. Pl. 470. 1753.
Psidium guava Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 241. 1860.
Psidium balium Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 84. 1923. Psidium pomiferum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 672. 1762.
Psidium pyriferum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 672. 1762. Psidium longipes (O. Berg) McVaugh = Mosiera longipes (O. Berg) Small
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Psidium longipes (O. Berg) McVaugh var. orbiculare (Berg) McVaugh =
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Mosiera longipes (O. Berg) Small
Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Psidium loustalotii Britton & P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48:
Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. 342. 1922.
Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Margarita, Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Tobago, Trinidad, United States, Mexico, Central America, and Reference: 147.
South America. Note: A species overlooked by León & Alain (3).
Common Names: Guava (Bahamas), Guayaba agria, Guayaba blanca, Psidium minutifolium Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 569. 1894.
Guayaba cotorrera, Guayaba del perú, Guayaba dulce, Guayabao Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
agrio, Guayabo cotorrero, Guayabo del Perú, Guayabo (Cuba), Reference: 3.
Guayaba; Guayaba agria, Guayaba cimarrona, Guayaba injerta,
Psidium montanum Sw., Prodr. 77. 1788.
Guayabo (Dominican Republic), Goavier, Goyave, Goyavier,
Gouyave (Haiti), Guava (Jamaica), Guava, Goyave, Goyavier,
Common Name: Mountain guava (Jamaica).
Gwiyav, Kwiyábu, White guava (Lesser Antilles), Guayaba (Puerto
Reference: 2.
Rico), Guava (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 75, 131, 147, 224, 301, 323, Psidium munizianum Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 21: 225.
340, 383. 1976 [“1975”]; Myrtus muniziana (Borhidi) Borhidi, Acta Bot.
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 27. 1979.
Psidium guava Griseb. = Psidium guajava L.
Reference: 149.
Psidium guayabita A. Rich. = Psidium salutare (Kunth) O. Berg
Psidium nannophyllum Alain, Phytologia 25: 270. 1973.
Psidium guayabita A. Rich. var. angustifolium Griseb. = Psidium Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
salutare (Kunth) O. Berg References: 7, 8.
Psidium guayabita A. Rich. var. oblongatum Griseb. = Psidium salutare Psidium navasense Britton & P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16:
(Kunth) O. Berg 85. 1920.
Psidium guildingianum Griseb. = Marlierea guildingiana (Griseb.) Krug Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
& Urb. References: 3, 156.
Psidium guineense Sw., Prodr. 77. 1788. Psidium nitidum C. Wright = Psidium parvifolium Griseb.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles Psidium nummularia (C. Wright ex Griseb.) C. Wright in F.A.
(Guadeloupe, Martinique), Mexico, Central America, and South Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 433. 1869; Eugenia
America. nummularia C. Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 86. 1866.
Common Names: Guayaba de guinea (Cuba), Gouyave de l’Afrique Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
(Haiti), Goyavier fraise (Lesser Antilles). References: 3, 124, 350.
References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 224, 323.
Psidium nummularioides Britton & P. Wilson = Mosiera
nummularioides (Britton & P. Wilson) Bisse
Psidium haitiense Alain, Brittonia 20: 159. 1968.
Psidium ophiticola Britton & P. Wilson = Mosiera ophiticola (Britton &
P. Wilson) Bisse
References: 7, 152.
Psidium orbifolium Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 462. 1928.
Psidium harrisianum Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 294. 1912.
References: 3, 30.
Note: Considered near threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Psidium parvifolium Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 91. 1866.
Species. Psidium nitidum C. Wright in F.A. Sauvalle, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd.
Habana 5: 433. 1869.
Psidium havanense Urb. = Mosiera havanensis (Urb.) Bisse
Psidium paucinerve Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 82. 1923.
Psidium hotteanum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 21. 1929. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Reference: 7.
Psidium paucinerve Urb. = Psidium parvifolium Griseb.
Psidium insulanum Alain = Mosiera longipes (O. Berg) Small
Psidium pomiferum L. = Psidium guajava L.
Psidium jackii Urb. = Mosiera jackii (Urb.) Bisse
Psidium pulverulentum Krug & Urb. = Guapira obtusata (Jacq.) Little
Psidium jakuscianum Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 64: 214. 1978 [“1977”]. subsp. obtusata (Nyctaginaceae)
Psidium pyriferum L. = Psidium guajava L.
Reference: 149.
Psidium reversum Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 84. 1923.
Psidium leiophloeum (Urb.) Urb. = Mosiera bullata (Britton & P.
Wilson) Bisse subsp. leiophloea (Urb.) Bisse
References: 3, 30.
Psidium leonis Urb. = Psidium tenuirame Urb.
Psidium rotundatum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 92. 1866.
Psidium littorale Raddi var. longipes (O. Berg) Fosberg = Psidium Psidium rotundatum Griseb. var. triflorum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 92. 1866.
cattleianum Sabine Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
number 9 8 • 607
Common Name: Arraiján de costa (Cuba). Psidium wrightii Krug & Urb. = Mosiera wrightii (Krug & Urb.)
Reference: 3. Borhidi
Psidium rotundatum Griseb. var. triflorum Griseb. = Psidium Siphoneugena densiflora O. Berg in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 14(1):
rotundatum Griseb. 379. 1857.
Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Grenada,
Psidium salutare (Kunth) O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 356. 1856; Myrtus
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), and South America.
salutaris Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland &
Common Names: Bois de basse, Cerisier montagne, Merisier des hauts
C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 132. 1823.
(Lesser Antilles), Hoja menuda (Puerto Rico).
Myrtus sagrae O. Berg, Linnaea 30: 710. 1859 [as sagraea].
Psidium guayabita A. Rich. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl.
Vasc. 581. 1845. Siphoneugena dussii (Krug & Urb.) Proença, Edinburgh J. Bot. 47:
Psidium guayabita A. Rich. var. angustifolium Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 91. 251. 1990; Marlierea dussii Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19:
1866. 590. 1895; Plinia dussii (Krug & Urb.) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Psidium guayabita A. Rich. var. oblongatum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 91. Regni Veg. 15: 413. 1919.
1866. Distribution: Native to Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), and
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Central America, South America.
and South America. References: 1, 61, 147.
Common Name: Managuá (Dominican Republic). Stenocalyx albicans O. Berg = Eugenia albicans (O. Berg) Urb.
Stenocalyx portoricensis (DC.) O. Berg = Eugenia pseudopsidium Jacq.
Psidium sartorianum (O. Berg) Nied. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl,
Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(7): 69. 1893; Calyptropsidium sartorianum Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, Mem. Amer. Acad.
(O. Berg) Krug & Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 571. 1894. Arts 18: 196. 1939.
Calycorectes protractus Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 284. 1866. Distribution: Cultivated in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, and
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia), Central Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent);
America, and South America. native to Malesia.
Common Name: Mije blanco (Cuba). Common Names: Árbol del clavo, Clavo de especia, Palo de clavo
References: 3, 77, 124, 147, 223, 224. (Cuba), Clavo dulce (Dominican Republic), Clou de girofle,
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Cloves, Giroflier (Lesser Antilles).
References: 1, 4, 123, 132, 147, 159.
Psidium saxicola Britton & P. Wilson = Mosiera elliptica (C. Wright)
Bisse subsp. elliptica Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 248: 25.
1912; Myrtus cumini L., Sp. Pl. 471. 1753.
Psidium scopulorum Ekman & Urb. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 465. Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Lesser Antilles
1928. (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent); native
Psidium tomasianum Urb. & Ekman, Symb. Antill. 9: 465. 1928. to Africa, Asia, and Malesia.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Names: Jambolán (Cuba), Damson tree, Jambolan, Java plum
References: 3, 30, 147. (Jamaica), Jack plum Jambolan, Java plum, Tété négresse (Lesser
Psidium sessilifolium Alain, Phytologia 25: 270. 1973. Antilles).
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 159, 224, 323, 383.
Psidium sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: Syzygium grande (Wight) Wall., Numer. List 3554. 1831.
138. 1971; Calyptropsidium sintenisii Kiaersk., Bot. Tidsskr. 17: Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Seychelles and Malesia.
280. 1890; Mitropsidium sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. References: 58, 147.
Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 489. 1941. Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): 115.
Distribution: Endemic to Puerto Rico. 1931; Eugenia jambos L., Sp. Pl. 470. 1753; Jambosa jambos (L.)
Common Name: Hoja menuda (Puerto Rico). Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser., 2(1): 80. 1896.
References: 58, 61, 147, 149, 427. Jambosa vulgaris DC., Prodr. 3: 286. 1828.
Note: Considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Threatened Species. Puerto Rico (naturalized), Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John,
Psidium tenuirame Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 83. 1923. St. Thomas, Tortola), and Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Dominica,
Psidium leonis Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 464. 1928. Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat,
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent);
References: 3, 30. native to southeast Asia and Malesia.
Common Names: Manzana, Manzana de Cuba, Manzana de rosa,
Psidium tomasianum Urb. & Ekman = Psidium scopulorum Ekman &
Manzana rosa, Poma, Pomarrosa (Cuba), Pomarrosa, Pomo
Urb.
(Dominican Republic), Pomme rose (Haiti), Rose apple (Jamaica),
Psidium trilobum Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 20. 1929. Pomme de rose, Pomme rose, Rose apple, Rose plum (Lesser
Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti). Antilles), Pomorrosa (Puerto Rico), Rose apple, Pomme rose
Reference: 7. (Virgin Islands).
Psidium versicolor Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 460. 1928. References: 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 30, 40, 58, 61, 75, 147, 151, 224, 340, 383.
References: 3, 30. Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19:
Psidium vicentinum Urb. = Eugenia cristata C. Wright 215. 1938; Eugenia malaccensis L., Sp. Pl. 470. 1753; Jambosa
malaccensis (L.) DC., Prodr. 3: 286. 1828.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 73. 1788, subsp.
Islands (St. Croix), and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, nucifera
Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent); native to southeast Asia, Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles
Malesia, Australia, and Pacific region. (Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda); native to Asia.
Common Names: Cajuil de sulimán, Cajuilito de sulimán, Manzana Common Names Diagamón, Nelumbio, Yuca china (Cuba), East Indian
de agua (Dominican Republic), Pomme de Jamaïque (Haiti), lotus, Loto, Nelumbo, Nenúfar (Puerto Rico).
Otaheite apple (Jamaica), Malay-apple, Pomera, Pomm damou, References: 1, 131, 132, 505.
Pomme d’amour, Pome d’maite, Pomme de Tahiti (Lesser Antilles), Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. subsp. lutea (Willd.) Borsch & Barthlott,
Manzana malaya, Ohia, Pomarrosa malaya (Puerto Rico), Malay Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 68: 443. 1994; Nelumbo lutea Willd., Sp. Pl.
apple (Virgin Islands). 2: 1259. 1799.
References: 1, 2, 7, 58, 61, 147, 224, 230, 323, 383. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, United States, and
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. Mexico.
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. Common Name: Serrucho (Cuba).
19: 115. 1938. References: 2, 3, 7, 132, 151, 152, 505.
Eugenia javanica Lam., Encycl. 3: 200. 1789.
Distribution: Exotic in Hispaniola and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe,
Martinique); native to Malesia and Philippines. Nyctaginaceae
Common Names: Cajuil de sulimán, Manzana de agua (Dominican
Republic), Framboisier, Pomme de Malacca (Lesser Antilles). Genera. Total: 9; native: 7; endemic: 1.
References: 1, 123, 147, 254. Taxa. Total: 50; native: 46; endemic: 33.
DOUBTFUL & EXCLUDED SPECIES Allionia incarnata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 890. 1759.
Acca macrostema (Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don) McVaugh, Taxon 5: 136. Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Central America, and South
1956; Psidium macrostemum Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. America.
2: 833. 1832. Common Names: Bella de noche, Don diego de noche (Cuba).
Acca domingensis O. Berg, Linnaea 27(2-3): 138. 1856 [“1854”]. References: 3, 5, 7, 224.
Acca domingensis O. Berg var. latifolia O. Berg, Linnaea 27(2-3): 138. Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO.
1854 [“1856”]. Boerhavia caribaea Jacq. = Boerhavia coccinea Mill.
Distribution: Peru.
Boerhavia coccinea Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Reference: 151.
Boerhavia caribaea Jacq., Observ. Bot. 4: 5. 1771.
Note: Distribution mistaken as from Hispaniola.
Boerhavia hirsuta L., Mant. Pl. 2: 170. 1771.
Eugenia commutata O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 174. 1856. Boerhavia viscosa Lag. & Rodr., Anales Ci. Nat. 4: 256. 1801.
Reference: 147. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Name described as endemic to Jamaica but not used by modern Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St.
botanists. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Eugenia quadrangularis Duch. ex Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Göttingen 7: 214. 1857. Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia,
Reference: 147. St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, United States,
Name described as endemic to Lesser Antilles but not used by modern Mexico, Central America, and South America.
botanists. Common Names: Viscid hog-weed (Bahamas), Mata pavo (Cuba),
Hogweed (Jamaica), Batata de porko, Hogweed (Lesser Antilles).
Eugenia stictopetala DC., Prodr. 3: 270. 1828. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 30, 45, 58, 61, 151, 159, 340, 464.
Eugenia tapacumensis O. Berg, Linnaea 27: 222. 1856.
Reported by Kew’s World checklist as possibly in Lesser Antilles, but Boerhavia diffusa L., Sp. Pl. 3. 1753, var. diffusa
not known to us from any collection or bibliographical citation. Boerhavia paniculata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 10. 1791.
nartheciaceae Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Montserrat, Saba, St. Lucia, St.
Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0. Vincent), Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, Mexico, Central America,
Taxa. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0. and South America.
Common Names: Mangium, Pega-pollo, Pega pollo cimarrón, Tostón,
Aletris farinosa L., Sp. Pl. 319. 1753. Yerba de puerco (Dominican Republic), Manger cochon, Liane
Distribution: Native to Bahamas and North America. manger cochon (Haiti), Batata di porko (Lesser Antilles), Mata
Common Name: Southern colic-root (Bahamas). povo, Tostón, Yerba de puerco (Puerto Rico).
References: 45, 147. References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 151, 323, 340.
Boerhavia diffusa L. var. leiocarpa (Heimerl) C.D. Adams, Mitt. Bot.
Staatssamml. München 8: 115. 1970; Boerhavia paniculata Lam.
Nelumbonaceae f. leiocarpa Heimerl, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 252. 1906; Boerhavia
paniculata Lam. var. leiocarpa (Heimerl) Heimerl, Annuaire
Genera. Total: 1; native: 1; endemic: 0. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7: 225. 1913.
Taxa. Total: 2; native: 1; endemic: 0. Distribution: Native to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America,
and South America.
Nelumbo lutea Willd. = Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. subsp. lutea (Willd.)
Borsch & Barthlott
number 9 8 • 609
Boerhavia erecta L., Sp. Pl. 3. 1753. References: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 32, 45, 58, 61, 224, 231, 323.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO.
*Caribea litoralis Alain, Candollea 17: 113. 1960.
Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe,
Reference: 3.
Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin), Aruba, Curaçao, Margarita, United Commicarpus scandens (L.) Standl. = Boerhavia scandens L.
States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Cryptocarpus globosus Kunth = Boldoa purpurascens Cav. ex Lag.
Common Names: Smooth hog-weed (Bahamas), Tostón (Cuba),
Patagón (Dominican Republic), Hogweed, Mata porko, Patagon, Eggersia buxifolia Hook. f. = Neea buxifolia (Hook. f.) Heimerl
Yerba marga (Lesser Antilles). Guapira bracei (Britton) Little = Guapira discolor (Spreng.) Little
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 45, 58, 61, 151, 254, 323, 340.
Guapira brevipetiolata (Heimerl) Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard.
Boerhavia hirsuta L. = Boerhavia coccinea Mill. 21: 108. 1971; Pisonia discolor Spreng. var. brevipetiolata Heimerl
Boerhavia paniculata Lam. = Boerhavia diffusa L. var. diffusa in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 215. 1912; Pisonia brevipetiolata
(Heimerl) Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 169. 1918.
Boerhavia paniculata Lam. f. leiocarpa Heimerl = Boerhavia diffusa Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
L. var. leiocarpa (Heimerl) C.D. Adams Reference: 7.
Boerhavia paniculata Lam. var. leiocarpa (Heimerl) Heimerl = Guapira cajalbanensis M.A. Díaz, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ.
Boerhavia diffusa L. var. leiocarpa (Heimerl) C.D. Adams Habana 2(3): 4. 1982 [“1981”].
Boerhavia scandens L., Sp. Pl. 3. 1753; Commicarpus scandens (L.) Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 373. 1909. Reference: 149.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Guapira clarensis Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 3. 1979;
Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Pisonia clarensis (Borhidi) M.A. Díaz, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac.
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Univ. Habana 12: 25. 1993 [“1991”].
Montserrat, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Martin), Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, United States, Mexico, and South Reference: 149.
America.
Common Names: Bejuco de purgación (Cuba), Tostón (Dominican Guapira discolor (Spreng.) Little, Phytologia 17: 368. 1968; Pisonia
Republic), Z’o cassé (Haiti), Kwareel, Yerba de cangreu, Yerba di discolor Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 168. 1825; Torrubia
pipa (Lesser Antilles). discolor (Spreng.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 613. 1904.
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 32, 45, 58, 61, 123, 131, 132, 151, 340. Pisonia discolor Spreng. var. carnosa Ekman & Heimerl, Ark. Bot.
22A(17): 111. 1929.
Boerhavia viscosa Lag. & Rodr. = Boerhavia coccinea Mill. Torrubia bracei Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 614. 1904; Guapira
Boldoa purpurascens Cav. ex Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl. 10. 1816. bracei (Britton) Little, Phytologia 17: 367. 1968.
Cryptocarpus globosus Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Torrubia longifolia (Heimerl) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 614.
Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 187. 1818. 1904; Guapira longifolia (Heimerl) Little, Phytologia 17: 367.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and South 1968.
America. Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Common Names: Meona, Nitro (Cuba). Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Barbuda), and United
References: 3, 151, 224. States (FL).
Note: Considered exotic and invasive in Cuba by CeNBIO. Common Names: Beefwood, Narrow-leaved blolly, Pigeon-berry
(Bahamas), Barrehorno (Puerto Rico).
Bougainvillea glabra Choisy in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 437.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 30, 45, 58, 61, 131, 132, 149, 151.
1849.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Guapira domingensis (Heimerl) Alain, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21:
Rico, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, 108. 1971; Pisonia domingensis Heimerl in I. Urban, Ark. Bot.
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), and 22A(8): 16. 1928; Pisonia obtusata Jacq. var. domingensis Heimerl
Margarita; native to Brazil. in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 215. 1912; Torrubia domingensis
Common Names: Buganvílea (Cuba), Trinitaria, Zarza de jardin (Heimerl) Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 100. 1916.
(Dominican Republic), Bougainvillier, Bougainviller (Haiti), Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola.
Bougainvillea, Trinitaria roja (Puerto Rico). Common Names: Aguacate cimarrón, Aguacatillo cimarrón, Mala
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 32, 35, 45, 58, 61, 159, 224, 230, 323. mujer, Palo salvaje, Víbora (Dominican Republic), Bois cassave
Note: Considered an invasive species by CeNBIO. (Haiti).
References: 5, 7, 30, 151.
Bougainvillea peruviana Humb. & Bonpl., Pl. Aequinoct. 1: 174.
1808. Guapira fragrans (Dum. Cours.) Little, Phytologia 17: 368. 1968;
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas; native to South America. Pisonia fragrans Dum. Cours., Bot. Cult., ed. 2., 7: 114. 1814;
References: 45, 151. Torrubia fragrans (Dum. Cours.) Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
18: 100. 1916.
Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 348. 1799.
Pisonia harrisiana Heimerl in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 214. 1912;
Guapira harrisiana (Heimerl) Lundell, Wrightia 4(2): 81. 1968.
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Guadeloupe,
Pisonia coriifolia Heimerl in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 213. 1912.
St. Barthélemy), and Margarita; native to Brazil.
Pisonia fragrans Dum. Cours. var. oblanceolata Heimerl in I. Urban,
Common Names: Buganvil, Buganvil blanco, Buganvílea, Bougainvillea,
Symb. Antill. 7: 213.
Flor de papel, Zarza americana, Villamil (Cuba), Trinitaria
Pisonia inermis Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 275. 1763.
(Dominican Republic), Bougainvillea, Trinitaria (Puerto Rico).
Pisonia obtusata sensu Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1960. 1806, non Jacq. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).
Torrubia dussii Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 99. 1916. Reference: 7.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Guapira rotundifolia (Heimerl) Lundell = Pisonia subcordata Sw.
Islands (Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola,
Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Guapira rufescens (Griseb.) Lundell, Wrightia 4(2): 83. 1968, var.
Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Marie rufescens; Pisonia calophylla Heimerl var. rufescens (Griseb.)
Galante, Martinique, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, Heimerl, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 229. 1928; Pisonia
St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, obtusata Jacq. var. rufescens Griseb., Pl. Wright. 1: 163. 1860;
Margarita, and South America. Torrubia rufescens (Griseb.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31:
Common Names: Muñeco, Palo de perico, Perico (Dominican 613. 1904. Type: Wright 464.
Republic), Beef Wood, Herring wood (Jamaica), Beef-wood, Black Torrubia rufescens (Griseb.) Britton f. parvifolia Alain, Contr. Ocas.
loblolly, Mapou blanc, Mapou rouge (Lesser Antilles), Ajagua Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 9: 3. 1950; Pisonia
quemnoa, Corcho, Emajagua, Majagua quemadora, Palo de rufescens Griseb. ex Heimerl f. parvifolia Heimerl, Repert. Spec.
corcho (Puerto Rico), Black mampoo (Virgin Islands). Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 229. 1928, nom. inval.
References: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 19, 30, 58, 60, 61, 137, 151, 152, 323, 340. Distribution: Endemic to Greater Antilles; native to Cuba and Hispaniola.
References: 3, 7, 149, 244.
Guapira harrisiana (Heimerl) Lundell = Guapira fragrans (Dum.
Cours.) Little Guapira rufescens (Griseb.) Lundell var. lanceolatus Borhidi, Acta Bot.
Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 5. 1979.
Guapira insularis (Standl.) Lundell, W

Acevedo y Strong

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Acevedo y Strong

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Smithsonian Institution

smithsonian contributions to botany • number 98

Stanley A. Ahler, Herbert Haas, and Georges Bonani

Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was

Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology

In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale

Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the

Published by SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SCHOLARLY PRESS

Library of Congress Cataloging-­in-­Publication Data

ISSN: 0081-­024X (print); 1938-2812 (online)

Contributors and Reviewers xi

References Cited in the Catalogue xiii

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies 1

List of Genera by Family 948

Checklists by Location 975

Map 1. West Indies and Surrounding Continents.

Map 3. Greater Antilles.

Bahamas 127 507 (0) 0% 1337 1068 (101) 9.4%

Number Number Number Number

Rubiaceae 856 730 Asteraceae 145 41

tributing only 9% of the total native seed plant diversity

Symbols and Abbreviations Used

Table 4. Number of Taxa in each Family.

Acanthaceae 181/126/110 Clusiaceae 46/46/42 Lentibulariaceae 30/30/13 Polemoniaceae 2/1/0

Myriopus microphyllus (Bert. ex Spreng.) Feuillet, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Acanthaceae Anthacanthus bispinosus Griseb. = Barleriola solanifolia (L.) Oerst. ex

Aptenia cordifolia (L. f.) Schwantes, Gartenflora 77: 69. 1928.

Amaranthaceae Achyranthes ramosissima (Mart.) Standl. = Alternanthera ramosissima

Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).

Coccothrinax laxa (O.F.Cook) Becc. = Coccothrinax barbadensis Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.

caballero, Espuelilla, Espuelina, Espuelines (Dominican Republic), Bataceae

Anredera baselloides (Kunth) Baill., Hist. Pl. 9: 147. 1887; Begoniaceae

Genera. Total: 3; native: 3; endemic: 0.

Canna coccinea Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Capparaceae

Rheedia bakeriana Urb. = Garcinia bakeriana (Urb.) Borhidi Combretaceae

(Dominican Republic), Calebasse zombi (Haiti), Cassabanana, References: 2, 427.

Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola. Common Name: Palma corcho (Cuba).

Costaea cubensis A. Rich. = Purdiaea cubensis (A. Rich.) Urb. DichapetalaceAE

Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Common Name: Cereza de sabana (Cuba).

Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. References: 3, 30, 39, 130, 147, 196.

Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Euphorbia pedunculosa A. Rich. = Euphorbia graminea Jacq.

References: 5, 7, 147. Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. = Euphorbia tithymaloides

Voyria uniflora Lam. = Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Pers.

Achimenes coccinea (Scop.) Pers. = Achimenes erecta (Lam.) H.P. Fuchs

Haemodoraceae Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., Prelim.

Bihai bihai (L.) Griggs = Heliconia bihai (L.) L.

References: 3, 5, 7, 159, 224. Hypoxis scorzonerifolia sensu Bello = Hypoxis decumbens L.

Lacistemataceae Aegiphila nervosa Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 366. 1903.

Lecythidaceae Genera. Total: 149; native: 93; endemic: 7.

Marcgraviaceae Marcgravia spiciflora Juss. = Schwartzia spiciflora (Juss.) Bedell

Mayacaceae Acisanthera recurva Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 269. 1860.

Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.

Pachyanthus acunanus Borhidi = Pachyanthus angustifolius Griseb. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.

NOTES Cedrela sintenisii C. DC. = Cedrela odorata L.

Menispermaceae Hyperbaena angustifolia (A. Gray ex Griseb.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 1:

Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).

Eugenia aeruginea DC., Prodr. 3: 283. 1828. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.

Distribution: Endemic to Cuba. Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.

References: 3, 30, 39. Common Name: Guayabita (Cuba).

You might also like

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISSN: 0081-024X (print); 1938-2812 (online)