Animallist Current

NATURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES OF VIRGINIA:
RARE ANIMALS
Published: June 2022
VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND RECREATION

DIVISION OF NATURAL HERITAGE
600 EAST MAIN STREET
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 23219
(804) 786-7951
List Compiled by
Steven M. Roble, Staff Zoologist
This report should be cited as:
Roble, Steven M. 2022. Natural Heritage Resources of Virginia: Rare Animals. Natural Heritage
Rare Species Lists (2022-Summer). Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation,
Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, Virginia. 10 pp. plus rare species lists and appendices.
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
LIST FORMAT
PRIMARY SOURCES OF COMMON NAMES
PART I. RARE ANIMAL LIST
VERTEBRATES
FISH
AMPHIBIANS
REPTILES
BIRDS
MAMMALS
INVERTEBRATES
TURBELLARIA (FLATWORMS)
GASTROPODA (SNAILS)
BIVALVIA (MUSSELS & CLAMS)
ANNELIDA (SEGMENTED WORMS)
ARACHNIDA (SPIDERS, PSEUDOSCORPIONS & RELATIVES)
CRUSTACEA (AMPHIPODS, ISOPODS & DECAPODS)
DIPLOPODA (MILLIPEDES)
CHILOPODA (CENTIPEDES)
COLLEMBOLA (SPRINGTAILS)
DIPLURA (DIPLURANS)
EPHEMEROPTERA (MAYFLIES)
ODONATA (DAMSELFLIES & DRAGONFLIES)
PLECOPTERA (STONEFLIES)
ORTHOPTERA (GRASSHOPPERS, KATYDIDS, CRICKETS & RELATIVES)
HEMIPTERA (TRUE BUGS, CICADAS, LEAFHOPPERS & RELATIVES)
COLEOPTERA (BEETLES)
MECOPTERA (SCORPIONFLIES)
TRICHOPTERA (CADDISFLIES)
LEPIDOPTERA (BUTTERFLIES, SKIPPERS & MOTHS)
DIPTERA (TRUE FLIES)
HYMENOPTERA (BEES, WASPS, ANTS & RELATIVES)
TRACKED ANIMAL ASSEMBLAGES
PART II. ANIMAL WATCHLIST
PART III. ANIMAL REVIEW LIST (TAXA OF UNCERTAIN STATUS)
PART IV. APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1. FEDERAL AND STATE ENDANGERED AND THREATENED ANIMALS OF
VIRGINIA
APPENDIX 2. EXTINCT AND EXTIRPATED ANIMALS OF VIRGINIA
APPENDIX 3. RARE SPECIES SIGHTING FORM
INTRODUCTION
The Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation's Division of Natural Heritage
(DCR-DNH) was established in 1986 to protect Virginia's biological diversity. DCR-DNH's work
focuses on science-based conservation to protect Virginia's native plant and animal life and the
ecosystems upon which it depends. Scientists collect data on natural communities and rare
plants and animals, develop land conservation data and online mapping tools, and provide
up-to-date information to enable timely conservation decisions. Virginia's Natural Area Preserve
System provides long-term protection and outdoor recreation access to some of the state and
the planet's most ecologically important lands. In collaboration with our partners, DCR-DNH’s
work focuses on ensuring the conservation of Virginia’s common, rare and endangered species
and ecosystems. As a member of NatureServe, DCR's Natural Heritage Program also contributes
to an understanding and conservation of our global biodiversity.
The first step in conservation is identifying and prioritizing what needs protecting. DCR-DNH
identifies Natural Heritage Resources (NHR) which are in need of conservation attention. NHR
are defined in the Virginia Natural Area Preserves Act of 1989 (Section 10.1-209 through 217,
Code of Virginia), as the habitat of rare, threatened, and endangered plant and animal species;
exemplary natural communities, habitats, and ecosystems; and other natural features of the
Commonwealth.
To prioritize this protection, DCR-DNH maintains lists of the most significant elements of our
natural diversity. These lists and reports, developed for plants and lichens, animals, and natural
communities, focus the Division's inventory on the elements of biodiversity most likely to be
lost without conservation action in the near future. Most importantly, these lists are not only
useful for DCR-DNH, but can be used by other agencies, organizations, and individuals to guide
protection and inform land-use decisions. In formulating this list of rare animals, the Division
uses information from previous studies, museum records, the observations and opinions of
experts, DCR-DNH staff scientists, and field inventories.
The first section included in this report is the Rare Animal List. This list contains information on
the legal and biological status of Virginia’s rarest known native animals, including vertebrates (n
= 189), and insects and selected other invertebrate groups (n = 621). Certain marine species
that are listed as federally endangered or threatened are only included in the appendices. Only
those species that use discrete habitat patches or can directly benefit from habitat protection
are included in the main taxonomic lists.
Taxa placed on the rare lists are considered to be sufficiently rare or threatened in Virginia to
merit tracking their status and population trends and conducting field inventory to locate new
occurrences or update known occurrences. ‘Sufficiently rare’ includes species with
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conservation status ranks of G1 through G3 and/or S1 through S2 (See NatureServe Explorer for
detailed definitions), and/or are listed as threatened or endangered by the Commonwealth of
Virginia (see Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services and Virginia
Department of Wildlife Resources) or under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (see U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service). Each species is presented with information on its conservation and legal
status.
Included on the Rare Animal List are ‘animal assemblages’. An animal assemblage is a group of
animals, often multiple species, found in a high concentration due to either a life stage (i.e.
breeding or migrating) or indicative of habitat quality. Examples of an animal assemblage
include mussel concentration site, migratory bird migration corridor, or a heron rookery. The
assemblage is the element, with global and state (i.e. subnational) ranks accorded to them.
Note, the actual species within an assemblage may or may not be tracked.
The second section is the Animal Watchlist. This list contains information on the conservation
and legal status of 369 additional taxa (74 vertebrates, 295 invertebrates) that are decidedly
uncommon in Virginia but not scarce enough to merit inclusion on the Rare Animal List. Species
on this list are monitored to determine general population trends. Some species included on the
Animal Watchlist were formerly on the Rare Animal List but have been determined to be more
common than previously believed. Other species on the Watchlist are declining and may
warrant placement on the Rare Animal List in the future if their populations continue to decline.
The third section included in this report is the Animal Review List (Taxa of Uncertain Status).
Many of these species lack numerical ranks, indicating that they are poorly known from a
distributional and/or taxonomic standpoint. Although some of these species may prove to be
conservation targets, more field and museum data are needed to assess their degree of rarity in
Virginia and/or taxonomic status. There are 191 species (3 vertebrates, 188 invertebrates) in this
category.
Two appendices are provided to aid in summarizing or highlighting the status of certain species.
Appendix 1 summarizes all animals that are protected by federal or state endangered species
acts are included in this list (except as noted above). Federally listed species are protected by
the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. The U.S. Department of the Interior’s Fish
and Wildlife Service administers the Act, listing and protecting federally endangered and
threatened species. The Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources has the regulatory
responsibility for the listing and protection of the state’s endangered and threatened animals
(excluding the Class Insecta) under the Virginia Endangered Species Act (Section 29.1-564
through 570, Code of Virginia). The Virginia Plant and Insect Species Program within the Virginia
Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services has regulatory 2 responsibility for the listing
and protection of the state’s insects (and plants) under the Virginia Endangered Plant and Insect
Act (Section 3.1-1020 through 1030, Code of Virginia). DCR-DNH is a primary source of
recommendations to each of the regulatory agencies for species that are in need of listing as
endangered or threatened. As of this publication, there are 75 federal and 136 state listed
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animal species in Virginia. Note, not all listed animal species are tracked by DCR-DNH, such as
marine mammals and others.
Appendix 2 lists species once native to Virginia, that are now considered either extinct (the
species does not exist anywhere) or extirpated (the species does not exist in a defined area)
from Virginia.
Natural Heritage Resource lists are necessarily dynamic, and are revised frequently, with
updates occurring as data become available. Such revisions assure the most current knowledge
of the status of Virginia’s animals. Animals are added to the list when it is determined that they
have become rare or threatened to such an extent that their continued existence in Virginia is in
jeopardy. Animals are removed from the list when additional field surveys or other new data
indicate they are more common than previously believed and do not warrant priority
conservation efforts.
If you have information which could refine this list, please contact DCR-DNH staff zoologist Steve
Roble at (804) 726-7951 (email: steve.roble@dcr.virginia.gov) or fill out the Rare Species
Sighting Form (see also Appendix 3).
LIST FORMAT
The lists are sorted by broad taxonomic groups and then ordered alphabetically by scientific
name within each group. The format of each list consists of six fields: scientific name, common
name, global rank, state rank, federal status, and state status. These fields are also used in the
lists appearing in Appendix 1. To aid in the interpretation of the lists, a brief explanation of each
field and a summary of abbreviations follow.
Column 1. Scientific name:
Nomenclature of animals is not contained in any single source. The most recent taxonomic
sources are examined by the staff zoologist and, when necessary, direct consultations with
experts are used to maintain the most scientifically accepted names for all animal groups.
Divergences from these opinions are rare and generally occur only while an ongoing taxonomic
study is being conducted. Contact the staff zoologist if you have questions or comments
regarding the scientific names used herein.
Column 2. Common name:
A common name is provided for the convenience of the user. Standard common names have
been developed and universally adopted for only a few animal groups; therefore, the user is
cautioned to use scientific names whenever possible. The common names for most vertebrates
and a few selected aquatic invertebrate groups (e.g., mussels) are recognized as stable. Most
invertebrate species lack common names and it may not be practical to provide such names.
They are usually indicated in the list as “a caddisfly”, “a millipede”, etc. While many common
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names that appear in the list, especially those of invertebrates, are not widely used or
universally accepted, the primary sources applied to species in selected groups included in this
list were based on the following resources.
Fish
Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, and J.D.
Williams. 2004. Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States, Canada,
and Mexico. Sixth Edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda,
Maryland. 386 pp.
Amphibians and Reptiles
Crother, B.I. (editor). 2012. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of
North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in our
Understanding. 7th Edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles,
Herpetological Circular Number 39. 92 pp.
Birds
American Ornithologists’ Union. 1998. Check-list of North American Birds. Seventh Edition.
American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. 829 pp. [as modified by subsequent
supplements and corrections published in The Auk].
Mammals
Baker, R.J., L.C. Bradley, R.D. Bradley, J.W. Dragoo, M.D. Engstrom, R.S. Hoffmann, C.A. Jones, F.
Reid, D.W. Rice, and C. Jones. 2003. Revised Checklist of North American Mammals
North of Mexico, 2003. Texas Tech University Museum, Occasional Paper Number 229.
23 pp.
Gastropoda and Bivalvia
Turgeon, D.D., J.F. Quinn, Jr., A.E. Bogan, E.V. Coan, F.G. Hochberg, W.G. Lyons, P.M. Mikkelsen,
R.J. Neves, C.F.E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, M.J. Sweeney, F.G.
Thompson, M. Vecchione, and J.D. Williams. 1998. Common and Scientific Names of
Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2nd Edition.
American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 26, Bethesda, Maryland. 526 pp.
Crustacea
McLaughlin, P.A., D.K. Camp, M.V. Angel, E.L. Bousfield, P. Brunel, R.C. Brusca, D. Cadien, A.C.
Cohen, K. Conlan, L.G. Eldredge, D.L. Felder, J.W. Goy, T. Haney, B. Hann, R.W. Heard, E.A.
Hendrycks, H.H. Hobbs III, J.R. Holsinger, B. Kensley, D.R. Laubitz, S.E. LeCroy, R.
Lemaitre, R.F. Maddocks, J.W. Martin, P. Mikkelsen, E. Nelson, W.A. Newman, R.M.
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Overstreet, W.J. Poly, W.W. Price, J.W. Reid, A. Robertson, D.C. Rogers, A. Ross, M.
Schotte, F. Schram, C. Shih, L. Watling, G.D.F. Wilson, and D.D. Turgeon. 2005. Common
and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada:
Crustaceans. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 31, Bethesda, Maryland.
545 pp.
Odonata
Paulson, D.R. and S.W. Dunkle. 1999 (updated 2012). A Checklist of North American Odonata.
Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound Occasional Paper 56. 86 pp.
Plecoptera
Stark, B.P., K.W. Stewart, S.W. Szczytko, and R.W. Baumann. 1998. Common names of stoneflies
(Plecoptera) from the United States and Canada. Ohio Biological Survey Notes 1: 1-18.
Coleoptera
Pearson, D.L. 2004. A list of suggested common English names for species of tiger beetles
occurring in Canada and the U.S. Cicindela 36(1-2): 31-40.
Lepidoptera
Covell, C.V., Jr. 2005. A Field Guide to Moths of Eastern North America. Virginia Museum of
Natural History Special Publication Number 12. Martinsville, VA. 496 pp.
Glassberg, J. 1999. Butterflies Through Binoculars – The East: A Field Guide to the Butterflies of
Eastern North America. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. 242 pp.
Column 3. Global rank:

Global ranks are assigned by NatureServe and its member programs (including DCR-DNH) and
collaborators. They use a rigorous, consistent, and transparent methodology to assess the
conservation status (extinction or extirpation risk) of species of plants, animals, and fungi, as
well as the conservation status (elimination or extirpation risk) of ecosystems (ecological
communities and systems). For animals, global ranks (a.k.a., ‘G-rank’) designate a rarity rank
based on the range-wide status of a species or subspecies. The ranks are assigned after
considering a suite of factors, including number of occurrences (i.e. populations), number of
individuals, and severity of threats. Visit NatureServe’s website to learn more about the
methodology. Each rank is defined below (Source: NatureServe Explorer, 2020. Statuses.
Accessed at https://explorer.natureserve.org/AboutTheData/Statuses):
G1 = Critically Imperiled — At very high risk of extinction or elimination due to very restricted
range, very few populations or occurrences, very steep declines, very severe threats, or
other factors.
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G2 = Imperiled — At high risk of extinction or elimination due to restricted range, few
populations or occurrences, steep declines, severe threats, or other factors.
G3 = Vulnerable — At moderate risk of extinction or elimination due to a fairly restricted range,
relatively few populations or occurrences, recent and widespread declines, threats, or
other factors.
G4 = Apparently Secure — At fairly low risk of extinction or elimination due to an extensive
range and/or many populations or occurrences, but with possible cause for some
concern as a result of local recent declines, threats, or other factors.
G5 = Secure — At very low risk or extinction or elimination due to a very extensive range,
abundant populations or occurrences, and little to no concern from declines or threats.
GH = Possibly Extinct — Known from only historical occurrences but still some hope of
rediscovery. Examples of evidence include (1) that a species has not been documented
in approximately 20-40 years despite some searching and/or some evidence of
significant habitat loss or degradation; (2) that a species has been searched for
unsuccessfully, but not thoroughly enough to presume that it is extinct or eliminated
throughout its range.
GX = Presumed Extinct — Not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood of
rediscovery
GU = Unrankable — Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially
conflicting information about status or trends. NOTE: Whenever possible (when the
range of uncertainty is three consecutive ranks or less), a range rank (e.g., G2G3) should
be used to delineate the limits (range) of uncertainty.
G_? = Inexact Numeric Rank—Denotes inexact numeric rank (e.g. G3?)
G_Q = Questionable taxonomy - Taxonomic distinctiveness of this entity at the current level is
questionable; resolution of this uncertainty may result in change from a species to a
subspecies or hybrid, or the inclusion of this taxon in another taxon, with the resulting
taxon having a lower conservation priority (e.g., G3Q).
G_T_ = Infraspecific Taxon — The status of infraspecific taxa (subspecies or varieties) are
indicated by a "T-rank" following the species' global rank. Rules for assigning T-ranks
follow the same principles outlined above. For example, the global rank of a critically
imperiled subspecies of an otherwise widespread and common species would be G5T1.
GNR = Unranked – Global rank not yet assessed.
GNA = Not Applicable — A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species or
ecosystem is not a suitable target for conservation activities. A global conservation
status rank may be not applicable for several reasons, related to its relevance as a
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conservation target. For species, typically the species is a hybrid without conservation
value, or of domestic origin.
Column 4. State rank
State ranks (a.k.a, S - rank) are assigned by the DCR-DNH Staff Zoologist in a manner similar to
that described for global ranks, but consider only factors within the political boundaries of
Virginia. For example, an animal that is endemic to Virginia (found nowhere else in the world)
will have the same global and state ranks, whereas a species that may be common in the
northeastern United States but only known from a few occurrences in Virginia will have global
and state ranks that differ. State ranks found in the Rare Animal List are explained below:
S1 = Critically Imperiled— At very high risk of extirpation in the jurisdiction due to very
restricted range, very few populations or occurrences, very steep declines, severe
threats, or other factors.
S2 = Imperiled — At high risk of extirpation in the jurisdiction due to restricted range, few
populations or occurrences, steep declines, severe threats, or other factors.
S3 = Vulnerable— At moderate risk of extirpation in the jurisdiction due to a fairly restricted
range, relatively few populations or occurrences, recent and widespread declines,
threats, or other factors.
S4 = Apparently Secure— At a fairly low risk of extirpation in the jurisdiction due to an extensive
range and/or many populations or occurrences, but with possible cause for some
concern as a result of local recent declines, threats, or other factors.
S5 = Secure— At very low or no risk of extirpation in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive
range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or
threats.
SH = Possibly Extirpated – Known from only historical records but still some hope of rediscovery.
There is evidence that the species or ecosystem may no longer be present in the
jurisdiction, but not enough to state this with certainty. Examples of such evidence
include (1) that a species has not been documented in approximately 20-40 years
despite some searching and/or some evidence of significant habitat loss or degradation;
(2) that a species or ecosystem has been searched for unsuccessfully, but not thoroughly
enough to presume that it is no longer present in the jurisdiction.
SX = Presumed Extirpated—Species is believed to be extirpated from the state. Not located
despite intensive searches of historical sites and other appropriate habitat, and virtually
no likelihood that it will be rediscovered.
SU = Unrankable—Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially
conflicting information about status or trends.
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S_? = Inexact Numeric Rank - Denotes inexact numeric rank (e.g., S3?).
S_S_ = Rank is uncertain, but considered to be within the indicated range of ranks (e.g., S2S4).
SNR = Unranked—State conservation status not yet assessed.
SNA = Not Applicable —A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species is not a
suitable target for conservation activities (e.g., hybrids without conservation value and
non-native species).
Breeding Status Qualifiers (mainly applied to birds in Virginia):
B = Breeding—Conservation status refers to the breeding population of the species in the state.
N = Non-breeding—Conservation status refers to the non-breeding population of the species in
the state.
M = Migrant—Migrant species occurring regularly on migration at particular staging areas or
concentration spots where the species might warrant conservation attention.
Conservation status refers to the aggregating transient population of the species in the
state.
Column 5. Federal status:
Federal status is determined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine
Fisheries Service. This status is used for all animals listed as endangered or threatened by the
U.S. government and receiving protection under the federal Endangered Species Act. The list
also notes those species that have been formally proposed for listing or are currently candidates
under consideration for listing. The federal status formerly known as “Category 2, candidate
species” was abolished on February 28, 1996; species formerly designated as “Category 1,
candidate species” are now referred to simply as “candidate species.”
LE = Listed Endangered. A species threatened with extinction throughout all or a significant
portion of its range.
LT = Listed Threatened. A species likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future.
LE/PT = Currently listed as endangered but proposed for downlisting to threatened.
LT/SA = Listed as Threatened due to Similarity of Appearance. The species so closely resembles
an endangered or threatened species or population that enforcement personnel of the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service cannot readily distinguish between the taxa (e.g., the
northern population of the bog turtle is federally listed as endangered, but turtles from
the southern population, which includes Virginia, are not readily distinguishable from
them).
PE = Proposed Endangered. A species proposed for listing as endangered.
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PT =Proposed Threatened. A species proposed for listing as threatened.
C = Candidate. There is enough available information to propose the taxon for listing, but
listing is "precluded by other pending proposals of higher priority". The U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service is "directed to make prompt use of the emergency listing if the
well-being of any such species is at significant risk." (Formerly Candidate, Category 1)
Column 6. State status:
State status is determined by the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (all animals except
insects) and the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (insects only). The
informal category of “Special Concern” species that was previously maintained by the Virginia
Department of Wildlife Resources was abolished by that agency on January 1, 2011.
LE = Listed Endangered; defined as a species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a
significant portion of its range.
LT = Listed Threatened; defined as a species that is likely to become endangered within the
foreseeable future.
LT/PDL Listed as Threatened but proposed for delisting (removal from the state list of
Endangered and Threatened wildlife). However, at the present time, the species is still
listed as Threatened pending further action and is thus protected under Virginia’s
Endangered Species Act.
PE = Proposed Endangered. A species proposed for listing as endangered.
PT = Proposed Threatened. A species proposed for listing as threatened.
The following two tables summarize the ranks and legal status of the rarest animals tracked by
the DCR-DNH.
Summary of the rarest animals by Global and State Ranks
Ranka Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birdsb Mammals Invertebrates
GH 0 0 0 0 0 5
G1 7 2 1 1 0 177
G2 10 3 1 3 4 105
G3 15 4 3 5 7 128
SX 2 0 0 3 6 11
SH 2 0 1 8 0 59
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S1 32 6 8 38 10 347
S2 36 14 5 20 6 205
a: Rounded ranks (e.g., G1G2 is combined with G1, S2S3 with S2, G2G4 is treated as G3, S1S3 is treated as S2,
etc.); also T ranks are treated as equivalent to G ranks for the purposes of this table.
b: Breeding ranks of birds were used as the S ranks for the purposes of this table (except for Red Knot).
Summary of animals by federal and state legal status
Legal
Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Invertebrates
Statusc
FE 5 1 1 2 4 30
FT 4 0 1 3 1 6
PFE 0 0 0 0 0 0
PFT 1 0 0 0 0 1
SE 9 2 4 5 11 47
PSE 0 0 0 0 0 2
ST 14 1 3 7 1 16
PST 0 0 0 0 0 0
c: FE = Federally Endangered; FT = Federally Threatened; PFE = Proposed Federally Endangered; PFT = Proposed
Federally Threatened; SE = State Endangered; PSE = Proposed State Endangered; ST = State Threatened;
PST = Proposed State Threatened.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the
Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, and the Virginia Department of Agriculture and
Consumer Services work cooperatively to insure the continued survival of Virginia’s diverse
fauna and other elements of natural diversity. The Division of Natural Heritage also works
closely with many other state and federal agencies, local governments, conservation
organizations, and many other organizations and individuals to seek adequate protection of
Virginia’s natural heritage. We are grateful to NatureServe for all they do to support us and
fellow Network members. Megan Rollins was instrumental in developing this document.
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Rare Animal List
Global State Federal State

Scientific Name Common Name Rank
Rank Status Status
VERTEBRATES
FISH
Acipenser brevirostrum LeSueur, Shortnose Sturgeon G3 SHB,S1N LE LE
1818
Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitchill, Atlantic Sturgeon G3 S2 LE LE
1815
= Acipenser oxyrhynchus
Ameiurus brunneus Jordan, 1877 Snail Bullhead G4 S2
Ammocrypta clara Jordan and Western Sand Darter G3 S1 LT
Meek, 1885
= Etheostoma clarum
Aplodinotus grunniens Freshwater Drum G5 S2
Rafinesque, 1819
Chrosomus cumberlandensis Blackside Dace G2 S1 LT LT
(Starnes and Starnes, 1978)
= Phoxinus cumberlandensis
Chrosomus tennesseensis Tennessee Dace G3 S1 LE
(Starnes and Jenkins, 1988)
= Phoxinus tennesseensis
Chrosomus sp. 1 Clinch dace G1 S1
Cottus baileyi Robins, 1961 Black Sculpin G4Q S2
Cottus cognatus Richardson, Slimy Sculpin G5 S2
1836
Cottus sp. 1 Bluestone Sculpin G2 S2
Cottus sp. 4 Clinch Sculpin G1G2 S1S2
Cottus sp. 5 Holston Sculpin G2 S2
Cyprinella labrosa (Cope, 1870) Thicklip Chub G4 SH
= Hybopsis labrosa
Cyprinella whipplei Girard, 1856 Steelcolor Shiner G5 S1 LT
= Notropis whipplei
Enneacanthus chaetodon (Baird, Blackbanded Sunfish G3G4 S1 LE
1855)
Erimonax monachus (Cope, Turquoise Shiner G2 S1 LT LT
1868)
= Cyprinella monacha
= Hybopsis monacha
Erimystax cahni (Hubbs and Slender Chub G1 S1 LT LT
Crowe, 1956)
= Hybopsis cahni
Erimyzon sucetta (Lacepède, Lake Chubsucker G5 S2
1803)
Etheostoma acuticeps Bailey, Sharphead Darter G3 S1 LE
1959
Etheostoma brevispinum (Coker, Carolina Fantail Darter G4 S1
1926)
Etheostoma caeruleum Storer, Rainbow Darter G5 S2
1845
Report run: 6/16/2022 Page 1 of 60

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
FISH
Etheostoma camurum (Cope, Bluebreast Darter G4 S2
1870)
Etheostoma chlorobranchium Greenfin Darter G4 S1 LT
Zorach, 1972
Etheostoma cinereum Storer, Ashy Darter G2G3 S1
1845
Etheostoma collis (Hubbs and Carolina Darter G3 S2 LT
Cannon, 1935)
Etheostoma denoncourti Stauffer Golden Darter G2 S1 LT
and van Snik, 1997
= Etheostoma tippecanoe (in part)
Etheostoma jessiae (Jordan and Blueside Darter G4 S1
Brayton, 1878)
= Etheostoma stigmaeum jessiae
Etheostoma meadiae (Jordan and Bluespar Darter G4 S2
Evermann, 1898)
= Etheostoma stigmaeum meadiae
Etheostoma osburni (Hubbs and Candy Darter G3 S1 LE LE
Trautman, 1932)
Etheostoma percnurum Jenkins, Duskytail Darter G1 S1 LE LE
1994
Etheostoma swannanoa Jordan Swannanoa Darter G4 S2
and Evermann, 1889
Etheostoma variatum Kirtland, Variegate Darter G5 S1 LE
1840
Etheostoma vulneratum (Cope, Wounded Darter G3 S2S3
1870)
Fundulus rathbuni Jordan and Speckled Killifish G4 S2
Meek, 1889
Hybopsis hypsinotus (Cope, Highback Chub G4 S2
1870)
= Notropis hypsinotus
Ichthyomyzon bdellium (Jordan, Ohio Lamprey G3G4 S2
1885)
Ichthyomyzon greeleyi Hubbs Mountain Brook Lamprey G4 S2
and Trautman, 1937
Labidesthes sicculus (Cope, Brook Silverside G5 S2
1865)
Lythrurus lirus (Jordan, 1877) Mountain Shiner G4 S2S3
= Notropis lirus
Moxostoma carinatum (Cope, River Redhorse G4 S2S3
1870)
Moxostoma sp. 4 Brassy Jumprock G4 S1S2
Notropis alborus Hubbs and Whitemouth Shiner G4 S1 LT
Raney, 1947
Notropis ariommus (Cope, 1867) Popeye Shiner G3 S2S3
Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque, Emerald Shiner G5 S1S2 LT
1818
Notropis bifrenatus (Cope, 1867) Bridle Shiner G3 S2

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
FISH
Notropis semperasper Gilbert, Roughhead Shiner G2G3 S2S3
1961
Notropis spectrunculus (Cope, Mirror Shiner G4 S2
1868)
Notropis stramineus (Cope, Sand Shiner G5 S2
1865)
Noturus eleutherus Jordan, 1877 Mountain Madtom G4 S2S3
Noturus flavipinnis Taylor, 1969 Yellowfin Madtom G1 S1 LT LT
Noturus flavus Rafinesque, 1818 Stonecat G5 S2
Noturus gilberti Jordan and Orangefin Madtom G2 S2 LT
Evermann, 1889
Percina aurantiaca (Cope, 1868) Tangerine Darter G4 S2S3
Percina bimaculata Haldeman, Chesapeake logperch G1G2 S1
1844
Percina burtoni Fowler, 1945 Blotchside Logperch G2G3 S1
Percina copelandi (Jordan, 1877) Channel Darter G4 S2
Percina crassa (Jordan and Piedmont Darter G4 S1
Brayton, 1878)
Percina evides (Jordan and Gilt Darter G4 S2
Copeland, 1877)
Percina maculata (Girard, 1859) Blackside Darter G5 S1
Percina rex (Jordan and Roanoke Logperch G1G2 S1S2 LE LE
Evermann, 1889)
Percina sciera (Swain, 1883) Dusky Darter G5 S1S2
Percina williamsi Page and Near, Sickle darter G2 S1S2 PT LT
2007
= Percina macrocephala (in part)
Percopsis omiscomaycus Trout-perch G5 SX
(Walbaum, 1792)
Phenacobius crassilabrum Fatlips Minnow G3G4 S2
Minckley and Craddock, 1962
Phenacobius mirabilis (Girard, Suckermouth Minnow G5 S1S2
1856)
Phenacobius teretulus Cope, Kanawha Minnow G3G4 S2S3
1867
Pimephales vigilax (Baird and Bullhead Minnow G5 S1
Girard, 1853)
Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, Paddlefish G4 S1 LT
1792)
Sander canadensis (Griffith and Sauger G5 S2S3
Smith, 1834)
= Stizostedion canadense
Thoburnia hamiltoni Raney and Rustyside Sucker G3 S2
Lachner, 1946
= Moxostoma hamiltoni
AMPHIBIANS
Ambystoma mabeei Bishop, 1928 Mabee's Salamander G4 S1S2 LT

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
AMPHIBIANS
Ambystoma talpoideum Mole Salamander G5 S2
(Holbrook, 1838)
Ambystoma tigrinum (Green, Tiger Salamander G5 S1 LE
1825)
Anaxyrus quercicus (Holbrook, Oak Toad G5 S2
1840)
= Bufo quercicus
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender G3 S2
(Daudin, 1803)
Desmognathus marmoratus Shovel-nosed Salamander G4 S1S2
(Moore, 1899)
= Leurognathus marmoratus
Desmognathus organi Crespi, Northern Pygmy Salamander G3 S2
Browne, and Rissler, 2010
Eurycea wilderae Dunn, 1920 Blue Ridge Two-lined Salamander G5 S2
Hyla gratiosa LeConte, 1856 Barking Treefrog G5 S2S3
Necturus maculosus (Rafinesque, Mudpuppy G5 S2
1818)
Necturus punctatus (Gibbes, Dwarf Waterdog G5 S2S3
1850)
Plethodon dixi Pope and Fowler, Dixie Caverns salamander G1 S1S2
1949
Plethodon hubrichti Thurow, Peaks of Otter Salamander G2G3 S2S3
1957
Plethodon punctatus Highton, Cow Knob Salamander G3 S2S3
1972
Plethodon shenandoah Highton Shenandoah Salamander G1 S1 LE LE
and Worthington, 1967
Plethodon sherando Highton, Big Levels Salamander G2 S2
2004
Plethodon ventralis Highton, Southern Zigzag Salamander G4 S1
1997
Plethodon virginia Highton, 1999 Shenandoah Mountain Salamander G2G3 S2S3
Plethodon welleri Walker, 1931 Weller's Salamander G3 S2
Siren intermedia Barnes, 1826 Lesser Siren G5 S2S3
REPTILES
Apalone spinifera (LeSueur, Spiny Softshell G5 S2
1827)
= Trionyx spiniferus
Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) Loggerhead (Sea Turtle) G3 S1B,S1N LT LT
Crotalus horridus [Coastal Plain Canebrake Rattlesnake G4T4Q S1 LE
population] Linnaeus, 1758
Deirochelys reticularia (Latrielle, Chicken Turtle G5 S1 LE
1801)
Glyptemys insculpta (Le Conte, Wood Turtle G3 S2 LT
1830)
= Clemmys insculpta

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
REPTILES
Glyptemys muhlenbergii Bog Turtle G2G3 S2 LT/SA LE
(Schoepff, 1801)
= Clemmys muhlenbergii
Treated as threatened due to similarity of appearance.
Lampropeltis nigra (Yarrow, Eastern Black Kingsnake G5 S2
1882)
= Lampropeltis getula nigra
Lepidochelys kempii (Garman, Kemp's Ridley (Sea Turtle) G1 S1N LE LE
1880)
Liodytes rigida (Say, 1825) Glossy Swampsnake G5 S1
= Regina rigida
Ophisaurus ventralis (Linnaeus, Eastern Glass Lizard G5 S1 LT
1766)
Pituophis melanoleucus (Daudin, Pine Snake G4 SH
1803)
Sternotherus minor (Agassiz, Loggerhead Musk Turtle G5 S2
1857)
Trachemys scripta troostii Cumberland Slider G5T4 S1
(Holbrook, 1836)
Virginia valeriae pulchra Mountain Earthsnake G5T3T4 S1S2
(Richmond, 1954)
BIRDS
Actitis macularius (Linnaeus, Spotted Sandpiper G5 S1B
1766)
Aegolius acadicus (Gmelin, 1788) Northern Saw-whet Owl G5 S1B,S2N
Ammospiza caudacuta (Gmelin, Saltmarsh Sparrow G2 S2B,S3N
1788)
= Ammodramus caudacutus
Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus, Golden Eagle G5 SHB,S1N
1758)
Ardea alba Linnaeus, 1758 Great Egret G5 S2S3B,S3N
= Casmerodius albus
Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan, Short-eared Owl G5 S1B,S3N
1763)
Asio otus (Linnaeus, 1758) Long-eared Owl G5 S1B,S2N
Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein, Upland Sandpiper G5 SHB
1812)
Botaurus lentiginosus (Rackett, American Bittern G5 S1B,S2N
1813)
Calidris canutus rufa (Wilson, Red Knot G4T2 S2N LT LT
1813)
Catharus guttatus (Pallas, 1811) Hermit Thrush G5 S1S2B,S5N
Catharus ustulatus (Nuttall, Swainson's Thrush G5 S1B
1840)
Centronyx henslowii (Audubon, Henslow's Sparrow G4 S1B LT
1829)
= Ammodramus henslowii
Charadrius melodus Ord, 1824 Piping Plover G3 S2B,S1N LT LT

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
BIRDS
Charadrius wilsonia Ord, 1814 Wilson's Plover G5 S1B LE
Chondestes grammacus (Say, Lark Sparrow G5 SHB
1822)
Circus hudsonius (Linnaeus, Northern Harrier G5 S1S2B,S3N
1766)
Cistothorus stellaris (Naumann, Sedge Wren G5 S1B,S1S2N
1823)
Contopus cooperi (Nuttall, 1831) Olive-sided Flycatcher G4 SHB
= Nuttallornis borealis
Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linnaeus, Bobolink G5 S1S2B
1758)
Dryobates borealis (Vieillot, Red-cockaded Woodpecker G3 S1 LE LE
1809)
= Picoides borealis
Egretta caerulea (Linnaeus, Little Blue Heron G5 S1B,S3N
1758)
Egretta thula (Molina, 1782) Snowy Egret G5 S2B,S3N
Egretta tricolor (Müller, 1776) Tricolored Heron G5 S2B,S3N
Empidonax alnorum Brewster, Alder Flycatcher G5 S1S2B
1895
Empidonax flaviventris (Baird Yellow-bellied Flycatcher G5 SHB
and Baird, 1843)
Eudocimus albus (Linnaeus, White Ibis G5 S1B
1758)
Falco peregrinus Tunstall, 1771 Peregrine Falcon G4 S1B,S2N LT
Fulica americana Gmelin, 1789 American Coot G5 S1B,S5N
Gallinula galeata (Lichtenstein, Common Gallinule G5 S1B,S1N
1818)
= Gallinula chloropus (in part)
Gelochelidon nilotica (Gmelin, Gull-billed Tern G5 S2B LT
1789)
= Sterna nilotica
Geothlypis philadelphia (Wilson, Mourning Warbler G5 S1B
1810)
= Oporornis philadelphia
Haemorhous purpureus (Gmelin, Purple Finch G5 S1B,S5N
1789)
= Carpodacus purpureus
Himantopus mexicanus (Müller, Black-necked Stilt G5 S1B
1776)
Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas, Caspian Tern G5 S1B,S2N
1770)
= Sterna caspia
Lanius ludovicianus Linnaeus, Loggerhead Shrike G4 S1B,S2N LT
1766
Laterallus jamaicensis (Gmelin, Black Rail G3 S1B,S1N LT LE
1789)

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
BIRDS
Limnothlypis swainsonii Swainson's Warbler G4 S2B
(Audubon, 1834)
Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus, 1758 Red Crossbill G5 S1
Mareca strepera (Linnaeus, Gadwall G5 S2B,S4N
1758)
= Anas strepera
Melospiza georgiana nigrescens Coastal plain swamp sparrow G5T3 S1B
Bond and Stewart, 1951
Melospiza georgiana georgiana Swamp Sparrow G5T5 S1B,S4S5N
(Latham, 1790)
Mergus merganser Linnaeus, Common Merganser G5 S2B,S4N
1758
Nyctanassa violacea (Linnaeus, Yellow-crowned Night-heron G5 S2S3B,S3N
1758)
= Nycticorax violaceus
Oreothlypis ruficapilla (Wilson, Nashville Warbler G5 S1B
1811)
= Vermivora ruficapilla
Parkesia noveboracensis (Gmelin, Northern Waterthrush G5 S1B
1789)
= Seiurus noveboracensis
Pelecanus occidentalis Linnaeus, Brown Pelican G4 S2B,S3N
1766
Peucaea aestivalis (Lichtenstein, Bachman's Sparrow G3 SHB LT
1823)
= Aimophila aestivalis
Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus, Glossy Ibis G5 S1S2B,S1N
1766)
Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus, Pied-billed Grebe G5 S1B,S4N
1758)
Porzana carolina (Linnaeus, Sora G5 S1B,S2N
1758)
Rallus elegans Audubon, 1834 King Rail G4 S2B,S3N
Rallus limicola Vieillot, 1819 Virginia Rail G5 S2B,S3N
Regulus satrapa Lichtenstein, Golden-crowned Kinglet G5 S2B,S5N
1823
Rynchops niger Linnaeus, 1758 Black Skimmer G5 S2B,S1N
Setophaga magnolia (Wilson, Magnolia Warbler G5 S2B
1811)
= Dendroica magnolia
Setophaga virens waynei (Bangs, Wayne's Black-throated Green G5T1 S1B
1918) Warbler
= Dendroica virens waynei
Spatula discors (Linnaeus, 1766) Blue-winged Teal G5 S1B,S2N
= Anas discors
Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker G5 S1B,S4N
1766)
Sterna dougallii Montagu, 1813 Roseate Tern G4 SHB LE LE

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
BIRDS
Sterna hirundo Linnaeus, 1758 Common Tern G5 S2B
Sternula antillarum Lesson, 1847 Least Tern G4 S2B
= Sterna antillarum
Thalasseus maximus (Boddaert, Royal Tern G5 S1B
1783)
= Sterna maxima
Thalasseus sandvicensis Sandwich Tern G5 S1B
(Latham, 1787)
= Sterna sandvicensis
Thryomanes bewickii altus Appalachian Bewick's Wren G5T2Q SHB LE
Aldrich, 1944
Troglodytes hiemalis Vieillot, Winter Wren G5 S2B,S4N
1819
= Troglodytes troglodytes (in part)
MAMMALS
Corynorhinus rafinesquii macrotis Eastern Big-eared Bat G3G4T3 S2 LE
(Le Conte, 1831)
= Plecotus rafinesquii macrotis
Corynorhinus townsendii Virginia Big-eared Bat G4T4 S1 LE LE
virginianus Handley, 1955
= Plecotus townsendii virginianus
Erethizon dorsatum (Linnaeus, Porcupine G5 S1
1758)
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel G5T2 S1 LE LE
Handley, 1953
Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel G5T2T3 S1
Miller, 1936
Lepus americanus Erxleben, Snowshoe Hare G5 SX LE
1777
Microtus chrotorrhinus Southern Rock Vole G5T3 S1 LE
carolinensis Komarek, 1932
Myotis austroriparius (Rhoads, Southeastern Myotis G4 S2
1897)
Myotis grisescens A.H. Howell, Gray Bat G3G4 S1 LE LE
1909
Myotis leibii (Audubon and Eastern Small-footed Bat G4 S2
Bachman, 1842)
Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831) Little Brown Myotis G3G4 S1S3 LE
Myotis septentrionalis Northern long-eared Myotis G2G3 S1S3 LT LT
(Trovessart, 1897)
Myotis sodalis Miller and Allen, Indiana Bat G2 S1 LE LE
1928
Pekania pennanti (Erxleben, Fisher G5 S1
1777)
= Martes pennanti
Perimyotis subflavus (Menu, Tricolored bat (=Eastern pipistrelle) G3G4 S1S3 LE
1984)
= Pipistrellus subflavus

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
MAMMALS
Puma concolor couguar (Kerr, Eastern Cougar (= mountain lion, G5TXQ SX LE
1792) puma)
= Felis concolor couguar
Sciurus niger cinereus Linnaeus, Delmarva Fox Squirrel G5T3 S1
1758
Sorex palustris punctulatus Southern Water Shrew G5T3 S1S2 LE
Hooper, 1942

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
INVERTEBRATES
TURBELLARIA (Flatworms)
Geocentrophora cavernicola A Cave Planarian G1G2 S1
Carpenter, 1970
Procotyla typhlops Kenk, 1935 A Groundwater Planarian G1G2 S1S2
Sphalloplana chandleri Kenk, Chandler's Planarian G1G2 S1
1977
Sphalloplana consimilis Kenk, Powell Valley Planarian G2G3 S1
1977
Sphalloplana holsingeri Kenk, Holsinger's Groundwater Planarian G1G2 SH
1977
Sphalloplana hypogea Kenk, A Groundwater Planarian G1G2 S1S2
1984
Sphalloplana subtilis Kenk, 1977 Bigger's Groundwater Planarian G1G2 SH
Sphalloplana virginiana Hyman, Rockbridge County Cave Planarian G1 S1
1945
GASTROPODA (Snails)
Anguispira jessica Kutchka, 1938 Mountain Disc G3G4 S1
= Anguispira alternata jessica
Elimia arachnoidea (Anthony, Spider Elimia G2G3 S2 LE
1854)
= Goniobasis arachnoidea
Fontigens bottimeri (Walker, Appalachian Springsnail G2G3 S2S3 LE
1925)
Fontigens morrisoni Hershler, Virginia Springsnail G2 S2 LE
Holsinger, and Hubricht, 1990
Fontigens tartarea Hubricht, Organ cavesnail G2 S1S2
1963
Fumonelix wheatleyi Clingman Covert G4T2T3 S1S2
clingmanicus (Pilsbry, 1904)
= Mesodon clingmanicus
Glyphyalinia raderi (Dall, 1898) Maryland Glyph G2 S1S2
Helicodiscus diadema Grimm, Shaggy Coil G1 S1 LE
1967
Helicodiscus lirellus Hubricht, Rubble Coil G1 S1 LE
1975
Helicodiscus multidens Hubricht, Twilight Coil G3 S2
1962
Helicodiscus triodus Hubricht, Talus Coil G1 S1S2
1958
Holsingeria unthanksensis Thankless ghostsnail G2 S2 LE
Hershler, 1989
Io fluvialis (Say, 1825) Spiny Riversnail G1G2 S2 LT
Mesodon andrewsae W.G. Balsam Globe G3 S1
Binney, 1879
Millerelix plicata (Say, 1821) Cumberland Liptooth G4 S1S3
= Polygyra plicata

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
GASTROPODA (Snails)
Pallifera hemphilli (W.G. Binney, Black Mantleslug G4 S1
1885)
Paravitrea blarina Hubricht, 1963 Shrew Supercoil G3 S1
Paravitrea dentilla Hubricht, 1978 Comb Supercoil G1 S1
Paravitrea hera Hubricht, 1983 Spirit Supercoil G1 S1 LE
Paravitrea mira Hubricht, 1975 Funnel Supercoil G1G2 S2
Paravitrea septadens Hubricht, Brown Supercoil G1 S1 LT
1978
Paravitrea seradens Hubricht, Barred Supercoil G3 S1S3
1972
Paravitrea subtilis Hubricht, 1978 Slender Supercoil G2 S1S2
Pleurocera gradata (Anthony, Bottle Hornsnail G1G2 SU
1854)
Polygyriscus virginianus (P.R. Virginia Fringed Mountain G1 S1 LE LE
Burch, 1947) Snail(=Virginia coil)
Somatogyrus virginicus Walker, Pandhandle Pebblesnail G2G3 S2
1904
Stagnicola neopalustris (F.C. Piedmont Pondsnail GHQ SH
Baker, 1911)
Stenotrema altispira (Pilsbry, Highland Slitmouth G3 S1
1894)
Triodopsis picea Hubricht, 1958 Spruce Knob Three-tooth G3 S1
Ventridens coelaxis (Pilsbry, Bidentate Dome G3 S2
1899)
BIVALVIA (Mussels & Clams)
Alasmidonta heterodon (I. Lea, Dwarf Wedgemussel G1G2 S1 LE LE
1829)
Alasmidonta marginata Say, Elktoe G4 S1S2
1818
Alasmidonta varicosa (Lamarck, Brook Floater G3 S1 LE
1819)
Alasmidonta viridis (Rafinesque, Slippershell Mussel G4G5 S1 LE
1820)
= Alasmidonta minor
Cyclonaias pustulosa (I. Lea, Pimpleback G5 S2 LT
1831)
= Quadrula pustulosa
Cyprogenia stegaria (Rafinesque, Fanshell G1 S1 LE LE
1820)
= Cyprogenia irrorata
Dromus dromas (I. Lea, 1834) Dromedary Pearlymussel G1 S1 LE LE
Elliptio crassidens (Lamarck, Elephant Ear G5 S1 LE
1819)
Elliptio lanceolata (I. Lea, 1828) Yellow Lance G2 S2 LT LT
Elliptio roanokensis (I. Lea, Roanoke Slabshell G3 S2
1838)

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

Epioblasma aureola Jones and Golden Riffleshell G1 S1 LE LE
Neves, 2010
Virginia populations are listed as federally and state endangered under the name Golden
Riffleshell (Epioblasma florentina aureola)
Epioblasma brevidens (I. Lea, Cumberland Combshell G1 S1 LE LE
1831)
Epioblasma capsaeformis (I. Lea, Oyster Mussel G1 S1 LE LE
1834)
Epioblasma gubernaculum Green Blossom GX SX LE LE
(Reeve, 1865)
Epioblasma triquetra Snuffbox G3 S1 LE LE
(Rafinesque, 1820)
Fusconaia cor (Conrad, 1834) Shiny Pigtoe G1 S1 LE LE
= Fusconaia edgariana
Fusconaia cuneolus (I. Lea, Fine-rayed Pigtoe G1 S1 LE LE
1840)
Fusconaia masoni (Conrad, Atlantic Pigtoe G1 S2 LT LT
1834)
= Lexingtonia subplana
Hemistena lata (Rafinesque, Cracking Pearlymussel G1 S1 LE LE
1820)
= Lastena lata
Lampsilis abrupta (Say, 1831) Pink Mucket G1G2 SX LE LE
= Lampsilis orbiculata
Lampsilis cariosa (Say, 1817) Yellow Lampmussel G3G4 S2
Lampsilis radiata (Gmelin, 1791) Eastern Lampmussel G5 S2S3
Lasmigona holstonia (I. Lea, Tennessee Heelsplitter G3 S1 LE
1838)
Lasmigona subviridis (Conrad, Green Floater G3 S2 LT
1835)
Lemiox rimosus (Rafinesque, Birdwing Pearlymussel G1 S1 LE LE
1831)
= Conradilla caelata
Leptodea fragilis (Rafinesque, Fragile Papershell G5 S1 LT
1820)
Ligumia recta (Lamarck, 1819) Black Sandshell G4G5 S2 LT
Margaritifera monodonta (Say, Spectaclecase G3 S1 LE LE
1829)
= Cumberlandia monodonta
Parvaspina collina (Conrad, James Spinymussel G1 S1 LE LE
1836)
= Pleurobema collina
Pegias fabula (I. Lea, 1838) Little-winged Pearlymussel G1 S1 LE LE
Plethobasus cyphyus Sheepnose G3 S1 LE LE
(Rafinesque, 1820)
Pleurobema cordatum Ohio Pigtoe G4 S1 LE
(Rafinesque, 1820)

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

Pleurobema oviforme (Conrad, Tennessee Clubshell G2G3 S2S3
1834)
Pleurobema plenum (I. Lea, Rough Pigtoe G1 SH LE LE
1840)
Pleurobema rubrum (Rafinesque, Pyramid Pigtoe G2G3 SH PT LE
1820)
= Pleurobema pyramidatum
Pleuronaia barnesiana (I. Lea, Tennessee Pigtoe G2G3 S2
1838)
= Fusconaia barnesiana
Pleuronaia dolabelloides (I. Lea, Slabside Pearlymussel G2 S2 LE LE
1840)
= Lexingtonia dolabelloides
Ptychobranchus subtentus (Say, Fluted Kidneyshell G2 S2 LE LE
1825)
Theliderma cylindrica (Say, Rabbitsfoot G3G4 S2 LE LE
1817)
= Quadrula cylindrica
Theliderma intermedia (Conrad, Cumberland Monkeyface G1 S1 LE LE
1836)
= Quadrula intermedia
Theliderma sparsa (Lea, 1841) Appalachian Monkeyface G1 S1 LE LE
= Quadrula sparsa
Toxolasma lividum Rafinesque, Purple Liliput G3 SH LE
1831
= Carunculina glans
= Carunculina lividus
Tritogonia verrucosa (Rafinesque, Pistolgrip G4G5 S2 LT
1820)
= Quadrula verrucosa
Truncilla truncata Rafinesque, Deertoe G5 S1 LE
1820
Venustaconcha trabalis (Conrad, Tennessee Bean G1 S1 LE LE
1834)
= Villosa perpurpurea
= Villosa trabalis
Villosa fabalis (I. Lea, 1831) Rayed Bean G2 SX LE LE
ANNELIDA (Segmented Worms)

Spelaedrilus multiporus Cook, A Cave Lumbriculid Worm G1 S1
1975
Stylodrilus beattiei Cook, 1975 A Cave Lumbriculid Worm G2G3 S1
ARACHNIDA (Spiders, Pseudoscorpions & Relatives)

Spiders
Anahita punctulata (Hentz, 1844) Southeastern Wandering Spider G4 S2
Anthrobia coylei Miller, 2005 A spider G2? S1
Anthrobia monmouthia A Cave Spider G5 S2
Tellkampf, 1844

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

= Anthrobia mammouthia
Bathyphantes weyeri (Emerton, A Cave Spider G4 S1
1875)
Hypochilus thorelli Marx, 1888 Thorell's Lampshade-web Spider G4 S1
Islandiana muma Ivie, 1965 A Cave Spider G1G2 S1
Microhexura montivaga Crosby Spruce-fir moss spider G2 S1 LE
and Bishop, 1925
Nesticus mimus Gertsch, 1984 A Cave Spider G2 S1
Nesticus paynei Gertsch, 1984 A Cave Spider G3G4 S1
Mites
Traegaardhia paralleloseta A Cave Mite G1 S1
(Zacharda, 1985)
= Foveacheles paralleloseta
Pseudoscorpions
Apochthonius coecus (Packard, A Cave Pseudoscorpion G1G2 S1
1884)
Apochthonius holsingeri A Cave Pseudoscorpion G1G2 S1
Muchmore, 1967
Chitrella superba Muchmore, A Cave Pseudoscorpion G1 S1
1973
Chitrella sp. 1 A Cave Pseudoscorpion G1 S1
Kleptochthonius anophthalmus A Cave Pseudoscorpion G1 S1
Muchmore, 1970
Kleptochthonius binoculatus A Cave Pseudoscorpion G1G2 S1S2
Muchmore, 1974
Kleptochthonius gertschi Malcolm Gertsch's Cave Pseudoscorpion G1 S1
and Chamberlin, 1961
Kleptochthonius lutzi Malcolm Lutz's Cave Pseudoscorpion G1 S1
and Chamberlin, 1961
Kleptochthonius proximosetus A Cave Pseudoscorpion G1 S1
Muchmore, 1976
Kleptochthonius regulus A Cave Pseudoscorpion G1G2 S1
Muchmore, 1970
Kleptochthonius similis A Cave Pseudoscorpion G1 S1
Muchmore, 1976
Kleptochthonius sp. 1 Muchmore A Cave Pseudoscorpion G1 S1
= Kleptochthonius sp. B
Lissocreagris valentinei Valentine's Cave Pseudoscorpion G1 S1
(Chamberlin, 1962)
Mundochthonius holsingeri A Cave Pseudoscorpion G1 S1
Benedict and Malcolm, 1974
Scorpions
Vaejovis carolinianus Beauvois Carolina Scorpion G5 S1
CRUSTACEA (Amphipods, Isopods, Decapods & Branchiopods)

Amphipods
Bactrurus angulus Koenemann Cumberland Gap Cave Amphipod G1 S1
and Holsinger, 2001

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

Crangonyx baculispina Zhang Lancaster County amphipod G1 S1
and Holsinger, 2003
Crangonyx fontinalis Zhang and Bland County Amphipod G1 S1
Holsinger, 2003
Stygobromus baroodyi Holsinger, Rockbridge County Cave Amphipod G2G3 S1S2
1978
Stygobromus biggersi Holsinger, Bigger's Cave Amphipod G2G4 S1S2
1978
Stygobromus conradi (Holsinger, Burnsville Cove Cave Amphipod G2G3 S1S2
1967)
Stygobromus cumberlandus Cumberland Cave Amphipod G3G4 S1S2
Holsinger, 1978
Stygobromus ephemerus Ephemeral Cave Amphipod G1G2 S1
(Holsinger, 1969)
Stygobromus fergusoni Montgomery County Cave G2G3 S1
Holsinger, 1978 Amphipod
Stygobromus finleyi Holsinger, Finley's Cave Amphipod G3G4 S1
1978
Stygobromus hoffmani Holsinger, Alleghany County Cave Amphipod G2 S2
1978
Stygobromus hubbardi Holsinger, Hupp's Hill Cave Amphipod G1 S1
2009
Stygobromus interitus Holsinger, New Castle Murder Hole Amphipod G1G2 SH
1978
Stygobromus kenki Holsinger, Rock Creek Groundwater Amphipod G2 S1
1978
Stygobromus leensis Holsinger, Lee County Cave Amphipod G1G2 S1S2
1978
Stygobromus mausi Holsinger, Round Hill Cave Amphipod G1 S1
2009
Stygobromus morrisoni Morrison's Cave Amphipod G2G3 S1S2
(Holsinger, 1967)
Stygobromus mundus (Holsinger, Bath County Cave Amphipod G2G3 S1S2
1967)
Stygobromus obrutus Holsinger, Pittsylvania Well Amphipod G1G2 SH
1978
Stygobromus phreaticus Northern Virginia Well Amphipod G1 S1
Holsinger, 1978
Stygobromus pizzinii Pizzini's Amphipod G3G4 S1S2
(Shoemaker, 1938)
Stygobromus pseudospinosus Luray Caverns Amphipod G1 S1
Holsinger, 1978
Stygobromus sextarius Holsinger, Capital area groundwater amphipod G1 S1
2009
Stygobromus stegerorum Madison Cave Amphipod G1 S1 LT
Holsinger, 1978
Stygobromus sp. 7 Sherando Spinosoid Amphipod G2 S2
Stygobromus sp. 8 A Groundwater Amphipod G2G3 S2S3
Stygobromus sp. 16 Helsley's Cave Amphipod G1 S1

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

Stygobromus sp. 17 Massanutten Spring Amphipod G2 S2
Stygobromus sp. 18 Big Levels Spring Amphipod G1? S1?
Stygobromus sp. 23 Shenandoah Mountain Spring G1? S1?
Amphipod
Isopods
Amerigoniscus henroti Vandel, Powell Valley Terrestrial Cave G1G2 S1S2
1950 Isopod
Antrolana lira Bowman, 1964 Madison Cave Isopod G2G4 S2 LT LT
Caecidotea attenuata (H. Dismal Swamp Isopod G1G3 S1S3
Richardson, 1900)
Caecidotea bowmani Lewis, 1980 Natural Bridge Cave Isopod G1 S1S2
Caecidotea cumberlandensis Cumberland Cave Isopod G1G2 S1
Lewis, 2000
Caecidotea henroti (Bresson, Henrot's Cave Isopod G2 S2
1955)
Caecidotea incurva (Steeves, Incurved Cave Isopod G2G4 S2
1968)
Caecidotea mausi Lewis, 2009 Maus' cave isopod G2 S1
Caecidotea nickajackensis (Cope Nickajack Cave isopod G1 S1
and Packard, 1881)
Caecidotea phreatica Lewis and Phreatic Isopod G2G3 S1S3
Holsinger, 1985
Ligidium elrodii (Packard, 1873) a cave obligate isopod G4G5 S2
Lirceus culveri Estes and Rye Cove Isopod G1 S1
Holsinger, 1976
Lirceus usdagalun Holsinger and Lee County Cave Isopod G1 S1 LE LE
Bowman, 1973
Miktoniscus racovitzai Vandel, Racovitza's Terrestrial Cave Isopod G3G4 S2
1950
Decapods
Cambarus callainus Thoma, Big Sandy Crayfish G2 S1S2 LT LT
Loughman, and Fetzner, 2014
= Cambarus veteranus (in part)
Cambarus fetzneri Loughman, Blue crayfish G3G4 S1S2
Welsh, and Thoma, 2019
= Cambarus monongalensis (in part)
Cambarus hatfieldi Loughman, Tug Valley Crayfish G3 S1
Fagundo, Lau, Welsh, and
Thoma, 2013
Cambarus jezerinaci Thoma, Spiny scale crayfish G3 S2
2000
Cambarus magerae Thoma and Big Stone crayfish GNR S1
Fetzner, 2015
Cambarus theepiensis Coalfields crayfish GNR S2
Loughman, Foltz, Garrison and
Welsh, 2013
Macrobrachium ohione Smith, Ohio River Shrimp G4 S1
1874

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

Orconectes erichsonianus (Faxon, Reticulate crayfish G5 S2
1898)
DIPLOPODA (Millipedes)
Apheloria whiteheadi (Shelley, Laurel Creek Xystodesmid Millipede G1 S1 LT
1986)
= Sigmoria whiteheadi
Listed as state threatened under the name Sigmoria whiteheadi.
Appalachioria falcifera (Keeton, Big Cedar Creek Millipede G1 S1
1959)
= Brachoria falcifera
Appalachioria separanda hamata A Millipede G3T2 S2
(Keeton, 1959)
= Brachoria separanda hamata
Appalachioria separanda A Millipede G3T2 S2
versicolor (Hoffman, 1963)
= Brachoria separanda versicolor
Appalachioria turneri (Keeton, Turner's Millipede G1 S1
1959)
= Brachoria turneri
Boraria infesta (Chamberlin, A Millipede G4 S2
1918)
Brachoria cedra Keeton, 1959 cedar glade mimic millipede G2G3 S2S3
Brachoria dentata Keeton, 1959 Pennington Gap mimic millipede G2G3 S2S3
Brachoria hoffmani Keeton,1959 Hoffman's mimic millipede G2G3 S2S3
Brachoria insolita Keeton,1959 High Knob mimic millipede G1 S1
Brachoria laminata Keeton,1959 Harman mimic millipede G1 S1
Brachoria mendota Keeton,1959 Mendota mimic millipede G1 S2S3
Brachoria sheari Marek, 2010 Shear's mimic millipede G1 S1
Brachoria virginia Marek, 2010 Virginia mimic millipede G1 S1
Cherokia georgiana latassa A Millipede G4TNR S1
Hoffman, 1960
Cleidogona lachesis Shear, 1972 A Millipede G2 S1
Cleidogona medialis Shelley, Blowing Rock Millipede G3G4 S2
1976
Conotyla aeto Shear, 1971 Aeto Millipede G1 S1
Conotyla celeno Shear, 1971 Celeno Millipede G1 S1
Conotyla venetia Hoffman, 1961 Venetia Millipede G1 S2
Desmonus earlei Cook, 1898 Earle's millipede G5 S1
Dixioria brooksi Hoffman, 1956 Brooks Millipede G1 S1
Dixioria fowleri Hoffman, 1956 A Millipede G2 S2
Dixioria pela coronata Hoffman, A Millipede G2T2 S2
1949
= Dixioria coronata
Nannaria shenandoa Hoffman, Shenandoah Mt Xystodesmid G1 S1
1949

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
Nannaria simplex Hoffman, 1949 A Millipede G1 S1
Nannaria sp. 1 Hoffman (in Roaring Branch Nannaria Millipede G1? S1?
press)
Pseudotremia armesi Shear, Armes' rough-backed millipede G2 S2
1972
Pseudotremia cavernarum Cope, Ellett Valley Pseudotremia Millipede G2G3 S1 LT
1869
Pseudotremia cerberus Shear, Cerberus cave millipede G1 S1
2011
Pseudotremia contorta Shear, twisted-gonopod cave millipede G1 S1
2011
Pseudotremia culveri Shear, Culver's cave millipede G1 S1
2011
Pseudotremia deprehendor A Cave Obligate Millipede G2G3 S1S3
Shear, 1972
Pseudotremia fergusoni Shear, Ferguson's cave millipede G1 S1
2011
Pseudotremia fremens Shear, Roaring Branch rough-backed G1 S1
2011 millipede
Pseudotremia hubbardi Shear, Hubbard's cave millipede G1G2 S1S2
2011
Pseudotremia inexpectata Shear, Devault's cave millipede G1 S1
2011
Pseudotremia jaculohamatum harpoon cave millipede G1 S1
Shear, 2011
Pseudotremia johnholsingeri Holsinger's cave millipede G1 S1
Shear, 2011
Pseudotremia loomisi Shear, Loomis' rough-backed millipede G1 S1
2011
Pseudotremia momus Shear, A Millipede G2 S2
1972
Pseudotremia orndorffi Shear, Orndorff's cave millipede G2 S2
2011
Pseudotremia peponocranium pumpkin-headed cave millipede G1 S1
Shear, 2011
Pseudotremia piscator Shear, Fisher Cave millipede G1 S1
2011
Pseudotremia princeps Loomis, South Branch Valley Cave Millipede G1 S1
1939
Pseudotremia ryensis Shear, Rye Cove cave millipede G1 S1
2011
Pseudotremia salifodina Shear, Jones' Saltpetre Cave millipede G1 S1
2011
Pseudotremia sublevis Loomis, A Millipede G2G3 S2S3
1944
Pseudotremia tuberculata A Millipede G2G3 S2
Loomis, 1939
Pseudotremia valga Loomis, A Millipede G1G2 S1S2
1943
Pseudotremia sp. 3 A Cave Millipede G1 S1

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
Rhysodesmus restans Hoffman, Relictual Appalachian Millipede G1G2 S1
1998
Trichopetalum lunatum Harger, A Millipede G5 S2
1872
Zygonopus weyeriensis Causey, Grand Caverns Blind Cave Millipede G3G4 S2
1960
= Trichopetalum weyeriensis
Zygonopus whitei Ryder, 1881 Luray Caverns Blind Cave Millipede G3G4 S2
= Trichopetalum whitei
CHILOPODA (Centipedes)
Escaryus cryptorobius Pereira Montane Centipede G2 S2
and Hoffman, 1993
Escaryus orestes Pereira and Whitetop Mountain Centipede G1 S1S2
Hoffman, 1993
Nampabius turbator Crabill, 1952 A Cave Centipede G1G2 S1
INSECTS
COLLEMBOLA (Springtails)
Oncopodura hubbardi A Cave Springtail G1G2 S1S2
Christiansen and Bellinger, 1996
Paleonura petebellingeri A cave springtail G1 S1
Palacios-Vargas and Benito, 2007
Pseudosinella bona Christiansen A Cave Springtail G2 S2
and Bellinger, 1996
Pseudosinella erehwon A Cave Springtail G2 S2
Pseudosinella extra Christiansen A Cave Springtail G1G2 S1
and Bellinger, 1996
Pseudosinella flatua Christiansen A cave springtail G1G2 S1S2
and Bellinger, 1996
Pseudosinella gisini virginia A Cave Springtail G3G4T2 S2
Pseudosinella hirsuta (Delmare A Cave Springtail G5 S1
DeBoutteville, 1949)
Pseudosinella testa Christiansen Shelled cave springtail G2G3 S1
and Bellinger, 1980
Pseudosinella vespera A cave springtail G2 S1S2
Pygmarrhopalites caedus A Cave Springtail G3 S1S2
(Christiansen and Bellinger,
1996)
Pygmarrhopalites commorus A Cave Springtail G2G3 S2S3
1996)
Pygmarrhopalites lacuna A Cave Springtail G1 S1S2
1996)

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
Pygmarrhopalites obtusus A Cave Springtail G1 S1
(Zeppelini and Christiansen,
2003)
Pygmarrhopalites sacer A Cave Springtail G2 S2
1996)
Pygmarrhopalites sextus A Cave Springtail G1 S1
(Zeppelini and Christiansen,
2003)
Pygmarrhopalites silvus A Cave Springtail G1G2 S1S2
1996)
Speleonura kenchristianseni A cave springtail G1 S1
Palacios-Vargas and Benito, 2007
Typhlogastrura valentini Thibaud, A Cave Springtail G1 S1
1996
DIPLURA (Diplurans)
Litocampa fieldingae (Conde, A Cave Obligate Dipluran G2G3 S1S3
1949)
Litocampa pucketti Conde and Puckett's Cave Dipluran G1G2 S1S2
Bareth, 1996
Litocampa sp. 1 A Cave Dipluran (Salamander G1 S1
Cave)
Litocampa sp. 2 A Cave Dipluran (Ward Cove) G1 S1
Litocampa sp. 4 A Cave Dipluran (Rye Cove) G2 S1S2
EPHEMEROPTERA (Mayflies)
Baetisca rubescens (Provancher, A Mayfly G3G4 S1
1878)
Barbaetis benfieldi Kennedy, Benfield's Bearded Small Minnow G2G4 S1
1985 Mayfly
Habrophlebiodes celeteria A Mayfly G2G4 S2
Berner, 1975
Homoeoneuria cahabensis Cahaba Sand-filtering Mayfly G3 SU
Pescador and Peters, 1980
Isonychia hoffmani Kondratieff Hoffman's Isonychia Mayfly G1G3 S1
and Voshell, 1984
Isonychia serrata Traver, 1932 A Mayfly G4 S1S3
Leptophlebia johnsoni Johnson's Pronggill Mayfly G4 SH
McDunnough, 1924
Neoephemera eatoni Holland, A Mayfly GNR S1?
Beaty and Jacobus, 2016
Pseudiron centralis McDunnough, White sand-river mayfly G5 S1
1931
Siphloplecton costalense Spieth, Spieth's Great Speckled Olive G2G4 SH
1938 Mayfly
Tsalia berneri (Allen and Berner's Ephemerella Mayfly G4 S2
Edmunds, 1958)
= Ephemerella berneri

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
ODONATA (Damselflies & Dragonflies)

Damselflies
Calopteryx aequabilis Say, 1839 River Jewelwing G5 SH
Calopteryx amata Hagen, 1889 Superb Jewelwing G5 S1
Enallagma annexum (Hagen, Northern Bluet G5 S1
1861)
= Enallagma cyathigerum (in part)
Enallagma carunculatum Morse, Tule bluet G5 SH
1895
Enallagma ebrium (Hagen, 1861) Marsh Bluet G5 S1
Enallagma pallidum Root, 1923 Pale Bluet G4 S1S2
Lestes disjunctus Selys, 1862 Common Spreadwing G5 S2
Nehalennia gracilis Morse, 1895 Sphagnum Sprite G5 S2
Nehalennia irene (Hagen, 1861) Sedge Sprite G5 S1S2
Dragonflies
Aeshna canadensis Walker, 1908 Canada Darner G5 S1
Aeshna constricta Say, 1839 Lance-tipped Darner G5 SH
Aeshna tuberculifera Walker, Black-tipped Darner G5 S2S3
1908
Aeshna verticalis Hagen, 1861 Green-striped Darner G5 S1
Arigomphus furcifer (Hagen in Lilypad Clubtail G5 SH
Selys, 1878)
Arigomphus pallidus (Rambur, Gray-green Clubtail G5 S1
1842)
Celithemis martha Williamson, Martha's Pennant G4 S2
1922
Celithemis ornata (Rambur, Faded Pennant G5 S1
1842)
Cordulegaster diastatops (Selys, Delta-spotted Spiketail G5 S1
1854)
Coryphaeschna ingens (Rambur, Regal Darner G5 S1
1842)
Epitheca canis (McLachlan, 1886) Beaverpond Baskettail G5 S1
= Tetragoneuria canis
Epitheca semiaquea (Burmeister, Mantled Baskettail G5 S1
1839)
= Tetragoneuria semiaquea
Gomphurus fraternus (Say, Midland Clubtail G5 S2
1839)
= Gomphus fraternus
Gomphurus septima (Westfall, Septima's Clubtail G3 S1
1956)
= Gomphus septima
Gomphurus ventricosus (Walsh, Skillet Clubtail G3 S1
1862)
= Gomphus ventricosus
Hylogomphus adelphus (Selys, Moustached Clubtail G5 S1
1858)

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

= Gomphus adelphus
= Gomphus brevis
Hylogomphus apomyius Banner Clubtail G3G4 SH
(Donnelly, 1966)
= Gomphus apomyius
Hylogomphus parvidens (Currie, Piedmont Clubtail G4 S1
1917)
= Gomphus parvidens
Hylogomphus viridifrons (Hine, Green-faced Clubtail G3G4 S2
1901)
= Gomphus viridifrons
Ladona exusta (Say, 1839) White Corporal Skimmer G5 SH
= Libellula exusta
Ladona julia (Uhler, 1857) Chalk-fronted Corporal Skimmer G5 S2S3
= Libellula julia
Lanthus parvulus (Selys, 1854) Northern Pygmy Clubtail G4G5 S2
Leucorrhinia frigida Hagen, 1890 Frosted Whiteface G5 SH
Leucorrhinia hudsonica (Selys, Hudsonian Whiteface G5 S1
1850)
Leucorrhinia proxima Calvert, Red-waisted Whiteface G5 SH
1890
Macrodiplax balteata (Hagen, Marl pennant G5 S1
1861)
Macromia margarita Westfall, Mountain River Cruiser G3 S1
1947
Nannothemis bella Uhler, 1857 Elfin Skimmer G4G5 S1
Neurocordulia virginiensis Davis, Cinnamon Shadowdragon G4 S2
1927
Neurocordulia yamaskanensis Stygian Shadowdragon G5 S2
(Provancher, 1875)
Ophiogomphus aspersus Morse, Brook Snaketail G4 S2
1895
Ophiogomphus carolus Needham, Riffle Snaketail G5 S1
1897
Ophiogomphus edmundo Edmund's snaketail G2 S1
Needham, 1851
Ophiogomphus howei Bromley, Pygmy Snaketail G3 S1S2
1924
Ophiogomphus incurvatus Appalachian snaketail G3T2T3 S2S3
incurvatus Carle, 1982
Ophiogomphus incurvatus Allegheny Snaketail G3T2T3Q S1
alleghaniensis Carle, 1982
= Ophiogomphus alleghaniensis
Ophiogomphus mainensis Maine Snaketail G4G5 S2
Packard, 1863
Ophiogomphus susbehcha Vogt St. Croix snaketail G2 S1
and Smith, 1993

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

Phanogomphus borealis Beaverpond Clubtail G5 SH
(Needham, 1901)
= Gomphus borealis
Phanogomphus descriptus Harpoon Clubtail G4G5 S1S2
(Banks, 1896)
= Gomphus descriptus
Rhionaeschna mutata (Hagen, Spatterdock Darner G4 S2
1861)
= Aeshna mutata
Somatochlora elongata (Scudder, Ski-tipped Emerald G5 S1S2
1866)
Somatochlora filosa (Hagen, Fine-lined Emerald G5 S2
1861)
Somatochlora georgiana Walker, Coppery Emerald G3G4 SH
1925
Somatochlora provocans Calvert, Treetop Emerald G4 S2
1903
Somatochlora williamsoni Walker, Williamson's Emerald G5 SH
1907
Stenogomphurus consanguis Cherokee Clubtail G3 S2
(Selys, 1879)
= Gomphus consanguis
Stylogomphus sigmastylus Cook Interior least clubtail G5 S1
and Laudermilk, 2004
Stylurus amnicola (Walsh, 1862) Riverine Clubtail G4 S1
Stylurus laurae Williamson, 1932 Laura's Clubtail G4 S2
Stylurus notatus (Rambur, 1842) Elusive Clubtail G3 SH
Stylurus scudderi (Selys, 1873) Zebra Clubtail G5 S1S2
Sympetrum obtrusum (Hagen, White-faced Meadowhawk G5 S2
1867)
PLECOPTERA (Stoneflies)
Acroneuria flinti Stark and Manassas Stonefly GH SH
Gaufin, 1976
Acroneuria kirchneri Stark and Strawberry stonefly G3G4 S1S3
Kondratieff, 2004
Acroneuria yuchi Stark and Ornate stonefly G1G3 S2
Kondratieff, 2004
Allocapnia fumosa Ross, 1964 Smokies Snowfly G2 S1S2
Allocapnia illinoensis Frison, 1935 Illinois Snowfly G3 S1S3
Allocapnia simmonsi Kondratieff Spatulate Snowfly G3 S1S2
and Voshell, 1981
Allocapnia stannardi Ross, 1964 Blue Ridge Snowfly G3 S1S3
Cultus decisus isolatus (Banks) Southern Springfly G4T2 S1S2
Diploperla janeae Kondratieff and Jane's stripetail GNR S1S3
Verdone, 2017
Diploperla kanawholensis Kanawhole Springfly G3 S2
Kirchner and Kondratieff, 1984

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
Diploperla morgani Kondratieff Virginia Springfly G3 S2S3
and Voshell, 1979
Isoperla dewalti Verdone and Dewalt stripetail GNR S1S3
Kondratieff, 2017
Isoperla major Nelson and Big Stripetail Stonefly G1 S1
Kondratieff, 1983
Leuctra mitchellensis Hanson, Mitchell Needlefly G3 S1S2
1941
Leuctra monticola Hanson, 1941 Montane Needlefly G1Q S1
Megaleuctra flinti Baumann, Shenandoah Needlefly G2 S2
1973
Megaleuctra williamsae Hanson, Smokies Needlefly G3 S1S2
1941
Perlesta cranshawi Kondratieff A Stonefly G1 S1?
and Kirchner, 2006
Perlesta durfeei Kondratieff, A stonefly G1G3 S1S3
Zuellig, and Kirchner, 2008
Perlesta frisoni Banks, 1948 Blue Ridge Stonefly G3 S1S2
Prostoia hallasi Kondratieff and Swamp Forestfly G3 S1S3
Kirchner, 1984
Strophopteryx limata (Frison, Newfound Willowfly G3 S1S2
1942)
Sweltsa holstonensis Kondratieff Holston Sallfly G1 S2
and Kirchner, 1998
Sweltsa palearata Surdick, 2004 Shenandoah Sallfly G2G3 S2
Taeniopteryx nelsoni Kondratieff Cryptic Willowfly G1 S2
and Kirchner, 1982
Tallaperla lobata Stark, 1983 Lobed Roachfly G2 S2
Yugus arinus (Frison, 1942) Highlands Springfly G3 S1S3
Yugus kondratieffi Nelson, 2001 G2G3 S2S3
Zapada fumosa Baumann and Fumose forestfly GNR S1
Grubbs, 2015
HEMIPTERA (True Bugs, Cicadas, Leafhoppers & Relatives)
Bothynotus johnstoni Knight, A Mirid Bug G3 S1S3
1933
Chelinidea vittiger Uhler, 1863 Opuntia Squash Bug G3G5 S1
Chlorochroa dismalia Thomas, Dismal Swamp Green Stink Bug G1G3 S1S3
1983
Gnathobleda litigiosa Stal, 1862 An assassin bug G5 S1
Limnoporus dissortis (Drake and A Water Strider G5 S1
Harris, 1930)
Phytocoris hoffmani Henry, 2009 Spruce plant bug GNR S1S3
Ploiaria carolina Carolina Thread-legged Bug G4? S1S3
(Herrich-Schaffer, 1850)
Pnirontis brimleyi Blatchley Brimley's Assassin Bug G2 S1S3
Puto kosztarabi Miller and Miller, Buffalo Mountain Mealybug G1 S1 LE
1993

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

Pycnoderiella virginiana Henry, Seashore Mirid Bug GU SU
1993
Ramphocorixa acuminata (Uhler, Acuminate Water Boatman G4 S1
1897)
Sigara depressa Hungerford Virginia Piedmont Water Boatman G1G2 S1S2 LE
(1948)
Stenocoris tipuloides (DeGeer) Neotropical Rice Bug G5 S1S3
COLEOPTERA (Beetles)
Arianops jeanneli Park, 1956 A Cave Pselaphid Beetle G1 S1
Atheta annexa Casey, 1910 A Rove Beetle G5 S2
Atheta troglophila Klimaszewski A Rove Beetle G4 S1
and Peck, 1986
Cicindela abdominalis Fabricius, Orange-bellied Tiger Beetle G3G4 S1
1801
Cicindela ancocisconensis T.W. Riverine Tiger Beetle G3 S2
Harris, 1852
Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis Say, Northeastern Beach Tiger Beetle G3G4T2 S2 LT LT
1817
= Habroscelimorpha dorsalis dorsalis
Cicindela formosa generosa A Tiger Beetle G5T5 SH
Dejean, 1831
Cicindela gratiosa A Tiger Beetle G3G4 S1
Guerin-Meneville, 1840
= Ellipsoptera gratiosa
Cicindela lepida Dejean, 1831 Spectral Tiger Beetle G3G4 S1
= Ellipsoptera lepida
Cicindela limbalis Klug, 1834 A Tiger Beetle G5 S1
Cicindela patruela Dejean, 1825 Barrens Tiger Beetle G3 S2
Cicindela trifasciata Fabricius, A Tiger Beetle G5 S1
1781
Copris howdeni Matthews and Howden's Copris scarab beetle G3? S1S2
Halffter, 1959
Hemipeplus microphthalmus A Flat Bark Beetle G4? S1
(Schwarz, 1878)
Lordithon niger (Gravenhorst, Black Lordithon Rove Beetle GU S2?
1802)
Nicrophorus americanus Olivier, American Burying Beetle G3 SH LT
1790
Nicrophorus carolinus (Linnaeus, Carolina Burying Beetle G4? S1S3
1771)
Pseudanophthalmus avernus Avernus Cave Beetle G1 S1
Valentine, 1945
Pseudanophthalmus cordicollis Little Kennedy Cave Beetle G1 S1
Barr, 1981
Pseudanophthalmus deceptivus Deceptive Cave Beetle G1 S1
Barr, 1981
Pseudanophthalmus delicatus Delicate Cave Beetle G3G4 S2
Valentine, 1932

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
Pseudanophthalmus egberti Barr, New River Valley Cave Beetle G1 S1
1965
Pseudanophthalmus gracilis Clover Hollow Cave Beetle G1G2 S1S2
Valentine, 1931
Pseudanophthalmus hirsutus Cumberland Gap Cave Beetle G1G2 S1
Valentine, 1931
Pseudanophthalmus hoffmani Hoffman's Cave Beetle G2G3 S1S2
Barr, 1965
Pseudanophthalmus holsingeri Holsinger's Cave Beetle G1 S1 LE
Barr, 1965
Pseudanophthalmus hortulanus Burkes Garden Cave Beetle G1 S1
Barr, 1965
Pseudanophthalmus hubbardi Hubbard's Cave Beetle G1 S1
(Barber, 1929)
Pseudanophthalmus hubrichti Hubricht's Cave Beetle G1 S1
Valentine, 1948
Pseudanophthalmus intersectus Crossroads Cave Beetle G1G2 S1
Barr, 1965
Pseudanophthalmus limicola Maddens Cave Beetle G1G2 S1
Jeannel, 1931
Pseudanophthalmus longiceps Long-headed Cave Beetle G1G2 S1
Barr, 1981
Pseudanophthalmus nelsoni Barr, Nelson's Cave Beetle G1G2 S1
1965
Pseudanophthalmus parvicollis Hupps Hill Cave Beetle G1 S1 PE
Jeannel, 1931
Pseudanophthalmus Petrunkevitch's Cave Beetle G1G2 S1
petrunkevitchi Valentine, 1945
Pseudanophthalmus pontis Barr, Natural Bridge Cave Beetle G1 S1
1965
Pseudanophthalmus potomaca South Branch Valley Cave Beetle G3G4 S2
Valentine, 1932
Pseudanophthalmus Overlooked Cave Beetle G1 S1
praetermissus Barr, 1981
Pseudanophthalmus punctatus Spotted Cave Beetle G2G3 S1
Valentine, 1931
Pseudanophthalmus pusio (Horn, Ellett Valley Cave Beetle G2G3 S1S2
1868)
Pseudanophthalmus quadratus Straley's Cave Beetle G1 S1
Barr, 1965
Pseudanophthalmus rotundatus Rotund Cave Beetle G2 S1
Valentine, 1932
Pseudanophthalmus sanctipauli Saint Paul Cave Beetle G1G2 S1
Barr, 1981
Pseudanophthalmus seclusus Rye Cove cave beetle G2G3 S2
Barr, 1981
Pseudanophthalmus sericus Barr, Silken Cave Beetle G1 S1
1981
Pseudanophthalmus thomasi Thomas' Cave Beetle G1G2 S1 LE
Barr, 1981

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
Pseudanophthalmus vicarius Vicariant Cave Beetle G2G3 S1S2
Barr, 1965
Pseudanophthalmus virginicus Maiden Spring Cave Beetle G1 S1
(Barr, 1960)
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 5 (Barr, Rhea Valley cave beetle G1 S1
T.C. Jr.)
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 6 (Barr, Wytheville cave beetle G1 S1
T.C. Jr.)
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 7 (Barr, Dublin cave beetle G1 S1
T.C. Jr.)
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 8 (Barr, Burnsville Cove cave beetle G1 S1
T.C. Jr.)
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 9 (Barr, Banner Cave beetle G1 S1
T.C. Jr.)
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 10 (Barr, Indian Cave Beetle G1 S1
T.C. Jr.)
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 11 Showalters Cave beetle G1 S1
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 12 Catawba Cave Beetle G1 S1
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 13 McMullens Cave Beetle G1 S1
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 14 Karl's Pit Cave Beetle G1 S1
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 42 Elk Garden cave beetle G1 S1
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 43 Rosedale cave beetle G1 S1
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 45 Franklins pit cave beetle G1 S1
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 46 Burja cave beetle G1 S1
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 47 Limekiln cave beetle G1 S1
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 48 Witheros cave beetle G1 S1
Pseudanophthalmus sp. 49 Starr Chapel Saltpetre Cave Beetle G1 S1
Sphaeroderus schaumii Chaudoir, Schaum’s false snail-eating beetle G4 S2
1861
Stenelmis gammoni White and Gammon's Riffle Beetle G2G3 S1
Brown, 1976
MECOPTERA (Scorpionflies)
Brachypanorpa jeffersoni Byers, Jefferson's Short-nosed Scorpionfly G2 S1S2
1976
Panorpa mirabilis Carpenter, Marvelous Scorpionfly GNR S1
1931
TRICHOPTERA (Caddisflies)
Agraylea costello Ross, 1941 A Caddisfly G3 S1S2
Agraylea multipunctata Curtis, A microcaddisfly G5 SH
1834
Anabolia apora Parker, 1984 A Limnephilid Caddisfly G1G3 S1S3
Arctopsyche irrorata Banks, 1905 A hydropsychid caddisfly G4 S1
Beraea fontana Wiggins, 1954 American Spring-loving Caddisfly G3 S1
Brachycentrus incanus Hagen, A brachycentrid caddisfly G5 SH
1861

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
Ceraclea ruthae Flint, 1965 A leptocerid caddisfly G4 S1
Ceratopsyche etnieri (Schuster Buffalo Springs caddisfly G2 S1S2
and Talak, 1977)
Ceratopsyche macleodi (Flint, A Caddisfly G3G4 S1S2
1965)
Cernotina calcea Ross, 1938 A polycentropodid caddisfly G5 S1
Cernotina pallida (Banks, 1904) A Caddisfly G3G4 SH
Cernotina truncona Ross, 1947 A polycentropodid caddisfly G4 S1
Cheumatopsyche etrona Ross, A hydropsychid caddisfly G4G5 S1
1941
Cheumatopsyche speciosa A Caddisfly G5 SH
(Banks, 1904)
Cheumatopsyche virginica A Caddisfly G5 S1
Denning, 1949
Glossosoma lividum (Hagen, A glossosomatid caddisfly G5 S1S2
1861)
Goerita semata Ross, 1938 A caddisfly G3 S1
Heteroplectron americanum A Caddisfly G5 S2
(Walker, 1852)
Hydropsyche bassi Flint, Voshell A hydropsychid caddisfly G2 S2
and Parker, 1979
Hydroptila anisoforficata Parker A caddisfly G1G2 SU
and Voshell, 1979
Hydroptila coweetensis Huryn, A microcaddisfly G1G2 SU
1985
Lepidostoma mitchelli Flint and A lepidostomatid caddisfly G3 S1
Wiggins, 1961
Lepidostoma modestum (Banks, A lepidostomatid caddisfly G3G4 S2
1905)
Nemotaulius hostilis (Hagen, A Limnephilid Caddisfly G5 S1
1873)
Neophylax acutus Vineyard and A uenoid caddisfly G2G3 S1S3
Wiggins, 1987
Neophylax atlanta Ross, 1947 A uenoid caddisfly G2G4 SH
Neophylax etnieri Vineyard and A uenoid caddisfly G3 S1S3
Wiggins, 1987
Neophylax toshioi Vineyard and A caddisfly G2 S1S2
Wiggins, 1987
Oligostomis pardalis (Walker, A phryganeid caddisfly G5 S1S2
1852)
Polycentropus rickeri Yamamoto, A polycentropodid caddisfly G3G4 SH
1966
Potamyia flava (Hagen, 1861) A Caddisfly G5 SH
Psilotreta rossi Wallace, 1971 An odontocerid caddisfly G3 S2
Rhyacophila appalachia J.C. Appalachian Rhyacophilid Caddisfly G3 S2
Morse and Ross, 1971
Rhyacophila kondratieffi Parker, A rhyacophilid caddisfly G2G3 S2S3
1986

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status
Rhyacophila mainensis Banks, A rhyacophilid caddisfly G5 S1S2
1911
Rhyacophila mycta Ross, 1941 A rhyacophilid caddisfly G3 S1S2
Rhyacophila simmonsi Armitage, A rhyacophilid caddisfly G1G3 S1S3
2008
Rhyacophila teddyi Ross, 1939 A rhyacophilid caddisfly G2 S2
Rhyacophila tricornuta Sykora A Rhyacophilid Caddisfly G1G3 S1S3
and McCabe, 1996
Wormaldia mohri (Ross, 1948) A philopotamid caddisfly G2G3 S1
Wormaldia thyria Denning, 1950 A Philopotamid Caddisfly G3 S2
LEPIDOPTERA (Butterflies, Skippers & Moths)

Butterflies
Anaea andria Scudder, 1875 Goatweed Leafwing G4G5 S1
Boloria selene ([Schiffermüller], Silver-bordered Fritillary G5 S2
1775)
Calephelis borealis (Grote and Northern Metalmark G3 S2S3
Robinson, 1866)
Calephelis virginiensis Little Metalmark G4 SH
(Guérin-Méneville, [1832])
Callophrys hesseli (Rawson and Hessel's Hairstreak G3 S1
Ziegler, 1950)
= Mitoura hesseli
Callophrys irus (Godart, [1824]) Frosted Elfin G2G3 S1S2
= Incisalia irus
Callophrys polios (Cook and Hoary Elfin G5 SH
Watson, 1907)
= Incisalia polios
Chlosyne harrisii (Scudder, 1863) Harris's checkerspot G5 S1
Colias interior Scudder, 1862 Pink-edged Sulphur G5 S1S2
Erora laeta (Edwards, 1862) Early Hairstreak G2G3 S2
Euchloe olympia (W.H. Edwards, Olympia Marble G5 S2
1871)
Lycaena hyllus (Cramer, 1775) Bronze Copper G5 S1
Neonympha helicta (Hübner, Helicta satyr G3G4 S2
[1808])
= Neonympha areolatus septentrionalis
Neonympha mitchellii French, Mitchell's satyr G2 S1 LE LE
1889
Phyciodes batesii batesii (Reakirt, Tawny Crescent G5T1 SX
[1866])
Phyciodes cocyta (Cramer, 1777) Northern Pearly Crescent G5 S1S3
= Phyciodes pascoensis
= Phyciodes selenis
Polygonia faunus smythi Clark, Smyth's Green Comma G5T3 S1S2
1937

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

Satyrium kingi (Klots and Clench, King's Hairstreak G3G4 S2S3
1952)
Speyeria atlantis (Edwards, Atlantis Fritillary G5 S2
1862)
Speyeria idalia (Drury, 1773) Regal Fritillary G3? SH
Skippers
Amblyscirtes alternata (Grote Dusky Roadside Skipper G2G3 SH
and Robinson, 1867)
Atrytone arogos arogos Arogos Skipper G2G3T1T SH
(Boisduval and Le Conte, [1837]) 2
Erynnis lucilius (Scudder and Columbine Duskywing G3 SH
Burgess, 1870)
Erynnis martialis (Scudder, Mottled Duskywing G3 S1S3
[1870])
Erynnis persius persius (Scudder, Persius Duskywing G5T1T3 SH
1863)
Euphyes bimacula (Grote and Two-spotted Skipper G4 S2
Robinson, 1867)
Euphyes conspicua (Edwards, Black Dash G4G5 SH
1863)
Euphyes dukesi (Lindsey, 1923) Dukes' Skipper G3G4 S2
Euphyes pilatka (Edwards, 1867) Palatka Skipper G3 S1
Hesperia attalus slossonae Dotted Skipper G3G4T3 SX
(Skinner, 1890)
Megathymus yuccae (Boisduval Yucca Giant Skipper G5 SH
and Le Conte, [1837])
Problema bulenta (Boisduval and Rare Skipper G3 S1S2
Le Conte, [1837])
Pyrgus centaureae wyandot Appalachian Grizzled Skipper G5T1T2 S1 LT
(Edwards, 1863)
= Pyrgus wyandot
Moths
Acrapex relicta Ferguson, 1991 Cane Boring Moth G4 S2S3
Acronicta albarufa Grote, 1874 Barrens Dagger Moth G3G4 S1S3
Acronicta brumosa Guenée, 1852 A Dagger Moth G4? S1S2
Acronicta dollii (Barnes and Doll's Merolonch G3G4 S1S3
McDunnough, 1918)
= Merolonche dolli
Amolita roseola Smith, 1903 Pink sedge moth G5 S1
Anaplectoides brunneomedia Brown-lined Dart Moth G4 S2
McDunnough, 1946
Apamea smythi Franclemont, Smyth's Apamea Moth GH SH
1952
Aplectoides condita (Guenée, A Noctuid Moth G5 S2
1852)
Apodrepanulatrix liberaria New Jersey Tea Inchworm Moth G3 S2
(Walker, 1860)
Arctia caja (Linnaeus, 1758) Great Tiger Moth G5 S1

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

Argillophora furcilla Grote, 1873 A Cane Moth G3G4 S1S3
Argyrostrotis deleta (Guenée, A Noctuid Moth G4G5 S1S3
1852)
Argyrostrotis flavistriaria Yellow-lined Chocolate Moth GNR S1
(Hübner, 1831)
Argyrostrotis sylvarum (Guenée, Woodland chocolate moth G4 S1S3
1852)
Brachionycha borealis (Smith, Boreal Fan Moth G4 S1S3
1899)
Callosamia securifera (Maassen, Sweetbay Silkmoth G4 S1S2
1873)
Catocala consors (J.E. Smith, An Underwing Moth G4 SH
1797)
Catocala dulciola Grote, 1881 Sweet Underwing G3 S1S3
Catocala herodias gerhardi Pine Barrens Underwing G3T3 S2S3
Barnes and Benjamin, 1927
Catocala marmorata W. H. Marbled Underwing G3G4 S2
Edwards, 1864
Catocala messalina Guenée, Messalina Underwing G4? SH
1852
Catocala pretiosa pretiosa Precious Underwing G4T2 SH
Lintner, 1876
Catocala relicta Walker, [1858] White underwing G5 S2
Catocala ulalume Strecker, 1878 Ulalume Underwing G4 S1S3
Cerma cora Hübner, 1818 Owl-eyed Bird Dropping Moth G3G4 S1S3
Coptotriche perplexa (Braun, Chestnut Leaf-mining Moth GHQ SH
1972)
= Tischeria perplexa
Crambidia cephalica (Grote and Yellow-headed Lichen Moth GU S1S2
Robinson, 1870)
Ctenucha virginica (Esper, 1794) Virginia Ctenucha moth G5 S2
Cycnia collaris (Fitch, 1857) Unexpected Cycnia moth G4 S1
= Cycnia inopinatus Cycnia inopinatus is a junior synonym of C. collaris
Cymatophora approximaria Giant gray Moth G4G5 S1S3
Hübner, 1812
Dargida rubripennis (Grote and Pink-streak Moth G3G4 S2
Robinson, 1870)
= Faronta rubripennis
Dichagyris grotei (Franclemont A Noctuid Moth G4 S1S3
and Todd, 1983)
= Loxagrotis apicalis
= Richia grotei
Drasteria graphica Hübner, 1818 Graphic moth G4 S1S3
Erastria coloraria (Fabricius, Broad-lined Erastria moth G3G4 S2?
1798)
Euchlaena milnei McDunnough, Milne's Euchlaena Moth G2G4 S2
1945

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

Eulithis propulsata (Walker, Currant Eulithis moth G5 S1S3
1862)
Euxoa fumalis (Grote, 1873) A dart moth GNR S1
Euxoa immixta (Grote, 1881) Mixed Dart Moth G4 S1S3
Exyra ridingsii (Riley, 1874) Green pitcher plant moth G2G4 SH
Franclemontia interrogans A Cane Moth G3G4 S1S3
(Walker, 1856)
Gondysia telma (Sullivan, 2010) Telma darkwing moth GNR S1S2
= Neadysgonia telma
Graphiphora augur (Fabricius, Double Dart Moth G5 S1
1775)
Hadena ectypa (Morrison, 1875) Catchfly moth G3G4 S2
Heterocampa astarte Doubleday, A Prominent Moth G4? S1S2
1841
Hypena appalachiensis (L. Butler, Appalachian Bomolocha G3G4 S1
1987)
Hyppa contrasta McDunnough, Summer Hyppa moth G5 S1S3
1946
Idaea tacturata (Walker, 1861) A Geometrid Moth G4 S1S2
Leucania calidior (Forbes, 1936) A Cane Moth G2G4 S2
Lithophane adipel (Benjamin, A Pinion Moth G4 S1S3
1936)
= Lithophane lepida adipel
Lithophane lemmeri (Barnes and Lemmer's Pinion Moth G3G4 S1S3
Benjamin, 1929)
Loscopia roblei Quinter and A cane moth G3G4 S1S2
Lafontaine, 2009
Lytrosis permagnaria (Packard, Gray Lytrosis G3G4 S2
1876)
Macaria distribuaria (Hübner, A Geometrid Moth G4 S1S2
[1831])
= Semiothisa distribuaria
Manulea bicolor (Grote, 1864) Bicolored moth G5 S1
= Eilema bicolor
Meropleon titan Todd, 1958 A Noctuid Moth G2G4 S1S3
Metria amella (Guenée, 1852) A Noctuid Moth G5 S1S2
Nemoria tuscarora Ferguson, An Emerald Moth GU S2
1969
Oligia bridghami (Grote and Bridgham's brocade moth G5 S1
Robinson, 1866)
Oxycilla mitographa (Grote, A Noctuid Moth G4 SH
1873)
Paectes abrostolella (Walker, A Noctuid Moth G4 S2
1866)
Papaipema araliae Bird and Aralia Shoot Borer Moth G3G4 S2S3
Jones, 1921
Papaipema astuta Bird, 1907 Yellow Stoneroot Borer Moth G2G4 S1S3

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

Papaipema beeriana Bird, 1923 Blazing Star Stem Borer G2G3 S1
Papaipema duovata (Bird, 1902) Seaside Goldenrod Stem Borer G4 S2S3
Papaipema duplicatus Bird, 1908 Dark Stoneroot Borer Moth G2G4 S2
Papaipema necopina (Grote, Sunflower borer moth G4? S1S3
1876)
Papaipema stenocelis (Dyar, Chain Fern Borer Moth G4 S1S3
1907)
Papaipema sp. 3 Southeastern Cane Borer Moth G4 S2S3
Pheosidea elegans (Strecker, Elegant Prominent G5 S1S3
1885)
= Odontosia elegans
Platypolia anceps (Stephens, A noctuid moth G5 S1S2
1850)
Polia purpurissata (Grote, 1864) Purple arches moth G5 SH
Properigea costa (Barnes and Barrens moth G4 S2
Benjamin, 1923)
Protodeltote sp. 1 A Noctuid Moth G1G3 S1S2
Psectrotarsia hebardi (Skinner, Hebard's Noctuid Moth GU SH
1917)
= Erythroecia hebardi
Ptichodis bistrigata Hübner, 1818 Southern Ptichodis Moth G3 S1S3
Pygarctia abdominalis Grote, Yellow-edged Pygarctia Moth G3 S1S2
1871
Pyrrhia aurantiago (Guenée, Aureolaria Seed Borer G3G4 S1S3
1852)
= Rhodoecia aurantiago
Rheumaptera hastata (Linnaeus, Spear-marked black moth G5 S2
1758)
Schinia siren (Strecker, 1876) A Flower Moth GNR S1S2
= Schinia inclara
Schizura apicalis (Grote and Plain Schizura G3G4 S1S3
Robinson, 1866)
Speranza exonerata Ferguson, Barrens Itame G3G4 S1S3
2008
Speranza ribearia (Fitch, 1848) Currant Spanworm Moth G5 S2S3
= Itame ribearia
Sphinx franckii Neumoegen, Franck's Sphinx G4G5 S2S3
1893
Sympistis perscripta (Guenée, Scribbled sallow moth G4 S1S3
1852)
= Lepipolys perscripta
Synanthedon castaneae (Busck, Chestnut Clearwing Moth G3G5 SH
1913)
Syngrapha alias (Ottolengui, Hooked silver Y moth G5 S1S2
1902)
Syngrapha rectangula (W. Kirby, Salt-and-pepper Looper Moth G5 S2
1837)

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

Tricholita notata Strecker, 1898 Marked Tricholita Moth G5 SH
Xanthorhoe iduata (Guenée, A Geometrid Moth G4 S1S3
[1858] in Boisduval and Guenée)
Zale curema (Smith, 1908) Black-eyed Zale G4 S1S3
Zale lunifera (Hübner, 1818) Pine Barrens Zale G3G4 S2
DIPTERA (True Flies)

Basilia boardmanni Southeastern Myotis Bat Fly G3 S1S2
Fletcherimyia fletcheri (Aldrich) Pitcher Plant Fly G5 S1S2
Metriocnemus knabi Coquillett Pitcher Plant Midge G5 S2
Spelobia tenebrarum (Aldrich, A Cave Fly G5 S1
1897)
Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett, Pitcher plant mosquito G5 S2
1901)
= Wyeomyia haynei
HYMENOPTERA (Bees, Wasps, Ants & Relatives)
Andrena mendica Mitchell, 1960 A mining bee GNR SH
Bombus affinis Cresson, 1863 Rusty-patched Bumblebee G2 S1 LE PE
Bombus bohemicus Seidl, 1837 Ashton cuckoo bumble bee G3G5 S1
= Bombus ashtoni
Bombus fraternus (Smith, 1854) Southern Plains bumble bee G2G4 S1S2
Bombus ternarius Say, 1837 Tri-colored Bumble Bee G5 SH
Bombus terricola Kirby, 1837 Yellow-banded bumble bee G3G4 S1
Bombus variabilis (Cresson, Variable cuckoo bumble bee G1G2 SH
1872)
Colletes ciliatus Patton, 1879 a cellophane bee GNR S1
Dianthidium simile (Cresson, A leafcutter bee GNR S1S2
1864)
Epeoloides pilosulus (Cresson, Macropis Cuckoo bee GU SH
1878)
Epeolus americanus (Cresson, American epeolus GNR S1S2
1878)
Epeolus banksi (Cockerell, 1907) Banks' Epeolus GNR SH
Macropis ciliata Patton, 1880 Fringed loosestrife oil-collecting GNR S1S2
bee
Macropis patellata Patton, 1880 An oil-collecting bee GNR S1
Macropis steironematis An oil-collecting bee GNR SH
Robertson, 1891
Megachile integra Cresson, 1878 a leafcutter bee G2G3 S1
Nomia maneei Cockerell, 1910 a nomia bee G3? S1S2
Osmia illinoensis Robertson, A mason bee G1 S1
1897
Rhadinoceraea zigadenusae Death-camas Sawfly GNR S1
Smith, 1990

Rare Animal List

Rank Status Status

Trachusa dorsalis (Lepeletier, a leafcutter bee GNR S1
1841)
Xylocopa micans Lepeletier, 1841 Southern carpenter bee G5 S1S2
ORTHOPTERA (Grasshoppers, Katydids, Crickets & Relatives)

Appalachia hebardi Rehn and Appalachian grasshopper GH SH
Rehn, 1936
ANIMAL ASSEMBLAGES
Monarch Butterfly Migratory GU S1N
Roost Site
Bird Nesting Colony G5 SNR
Colonial Wading Bird Colony G5 S2
Landbird Migratory Concentration G3 S1N
Area
Freshwater Mussel Concentration G3 SNR
Area
Shorebird Migratory GNR S2M
Concentration Area

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status
VERTEBRATES
FISH
Ambloplites cavifrons Cope, 1868 Roanoke Bass G3 S3
Chologaster cornuta Agassiz, Swampfish G5 S3
1853
Cottus kanawhae Robins, 2005 Kanawha Sculpin G4 S3
Enneacanthus obesus (Girard, Banded Sunfish G5 S3
1854)
Erimystax dissimilis (Kirtland, Streamline Chub G4 S3
1841)
= Hybopsis dissimilis
Erimystax insignis (Hubbs and Blotched Chub G4 S3
Crowe, 1956)
= Hybopsis insignis
Etheostoma kanawhae (Raney, Kanawha Darter G4 S3
1941)
Etheostoma simoterum (Cope, Snubnose Darter G3G4 S3
1868)
Etheostoma tennesseense Powers Tennessee darter G5 S3
and Mayden, 2007
Etheostoma zonale (Cope, 1868) Banded Darter G5 S3
Fundulus catenatus (Storer, Northern Studfish G5 S3
1846)
Fundulus lineolatus (Agassiz, Lined Topminnow G5 S3
1854)
Lampetra aepyptera (Abbott, Least Brook Lamprey G5 S3
1860)
Lampetra appendix (DeKay, American Brook Lamprey G4 S3
1842)
Margariscus margarita (Cope, Pearl Dace G5 S3
1867)
= Semotilus margarita
Moxostoma ariommum Robins Bigeye Jumprock G4 S3
and Raney, 1956
= Scartomyzon ariommus
Moxostoma duquesnei (Lesueur, Black Redhorse G5 S3
1817)
Notropis chalybaeus (Cope, Ironcolor Shiner G4 S3
1867)
Notropis chiliticus (Cope, 1870) Redlip Shiner G4 S3
Notropis sp. 4 Sawfin Shiner G4 S3
Percina caprodes (Rafinesque, Logperch G5 S3
1818)
Percina gymnocephala Beckham, Appalachia Darter G4 S3
1980
Percina oxyrhynchus (Hubbs and Sharpnose Darter G4 S3
Raney, 1939)
Phenacobius uranops Cope, 1867 Stargazing Minnow G4 S3

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status
AMPHIBIANS
Aneides aeneus (Cope and Green Salamander G3G4 S3
Packard, 1881)
Desmognathus orestes Tilley and Blue Ridge Dusky Salamander G4 S3
Mahoney, 1996
Lithobates virgatipes (Cope, Carpenter Frog G4 S3
1891)
= Rana virgatipes
Plethodon kentucki Mittleman, Cumberland Plateau Salamander G4 S3
1951
Plethodon montanus Highton and Northern Gray-cheeked salamander G4 S3
Peabody, 2000
Plethodon yonahlossee Dunn, Yonahlossee Salamander G4 S3
1917
Pseudacris nigrita (LeConte, Southern chorus frog G5 S3
1825)
Pseudacris ocularis (Bosc and Little Grass Frog G5 S3
Daudin, 1801)
= Limnaoedus ocularis
Siren lacertina Linnaeus, 1766 Greater Siren G5 S3
Stereochilus marginatus Many-lined Salamander G5 S3
(Hallowell, 1856)
REPTILES
Farancia erytrogramma (Palisot Rainbow Snake G4 S3
de Beauvois in Sonnini and
Latreille, 1801)
Graptemys geographica (Le Northern Map Turtle G5 S3
Sueur, 1817)
Malaclemys terrapin (Schoepff, Diamondback Terrapin G4 S3
1793)
Opheodrys vernalis (Harlan, Smooth Greensnake G5 S3
1827)
= Liochlorophis vernalis
Plestiodon anthracinus Baird, Coal Skink G5 S3
1849 [or 1850]
= Eumeces anthracinus
Tantilla coronata Baird and Southeastern Crowned Snake G5 S3
Girard, 1853
BIRDS
Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte, Cooper's Hawk G5 S3B,S3N
1828)
Ardea herodias Linnaeus, 1758 Great Blue Heron G5 S3B,S5N
Cardellina canadensis (Linnaeus, Canada Warbler G5 S3S4B
1766)
= Wilsonia canadensis
Certhia americana Bonaparte, Brown Creeper G5 S3B,S5N
1838
Empidonax minimus (Baird and Least Flycatcher G5 S3S4B
Baird, 1843)

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status
BIRDS
Haematopus palliatus Temminck, American Oystercatcher G5 S3B,S3N
1820
Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle G5 S3S4B,S3S4N
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Ictinia mississippiensis (Wilson, Mississippi Kite G5 S2B
1811)
Ixobrychus exilis (Gmelin, 1789) Least Bittern G4G5 S3B,S3N
Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus, Black-crowned Night-heron G5 S3B,S4N
1758)
Passerculus sandwichensis Savannah Sparrow G5 S3S4B,S4N
(Gmelin, 1789)
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Cliff Swallow G5 S3S4B
(Vieillot, 1817)
Riparia riparia (Linnaeus, 1758) Bank Swallow G5 S3B
Setophaga cerulea (Wilson, Cerulean Warbler G4 S3S4B
1810)
= Dendroica cerulea
Setophaga fusca (Müller, 1776) Blackburnian Warbler G5 S3B
= Dendroica fusca
Sitta canadensis Linnaeus, 1766 Red-breasted Nuthatch G5 S3B,S4N
Spiza americana (Gmelin, 1789) Dickcissel G5 S2S3B
Sterna forsteri Nuttall, 1834 Forster's Tern G5 S3B,S3N
Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769) Barn Owl G5 S3B,S3N
Vermivora chrysoptera Golden-winged Warbler G4 S3B
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Vermivora cyanoptera Olson and Blue-winged Warbler G5 S3B
Reveal, 2009
= Vermivora pinus
MAMMALS
Blarina brevicauda telmalestes Dismal Swamp Short-tailed Shrew G5T3 S3
Merriam, 1895
Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Silver-haired Bat G3G4 SUB,S4N
Conte, 1831)
Lasiurus cinereus (Beauvois, Hoary Bat G3G4 SUB,S3N
1796)
Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 Least Weasel G5 S3
Neotoma magister Baird, 1858 Allegheny Woodrat G3G4 S3
Peromyscus gossypinus (Le Cotton Mouse G5 S3
Conte, 1853)
Sciurus niger niger Linnaeus, Southeastern Fox Squirrel G5T5 S3
1758
Sorex dispar Batchelder, 1911 Long-tailed or Rock Shrew G4 S3
Sorex longirostris fisheri Dismal Swamp Southeastern Shrew G5T4 S3
Merriam, 1895
Spilogale putorius (Linnaeus, Eastern Spotted Skunk G4 S3S4
1758)

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status
MAMMALS
Sylvilagus obscurus Chapman, New England Cottontail G4 S4?
Cramer, Deppenaar and
Robinson, 1992
= Sylvilagus transitionalis ?
Sylvilagus palustris (Bachman, Marsh Rabbit G5 S3
1837)
Synaptomys cooperi helaletes Dismal Swamp Bog Lemming G5T3 S3
Merriam, 1896

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status
INVERTEBRATES
GASTROPODA (Snails)
Elimia catenaria (Say, 1822) Gravel Elimia G4 S3
Fontigens orolibas Hubricht, 1957 Blue Ridge Springsnail G3 S3
Glyphyalinia picea Hubricht, 1976 Rust Glyph G3 S1S3
Glyphyalinia virginica (Morrison, Depressed Glyph G3 S3
1937)
Leptoxis praerosa (Say, 1821) Onyx Rocksnail G5 S3
= Anculosa subglobosa
Megapallifera wetherbyi (W.G. Blotchy Mantleslug G2G3 S1S3
Binney, 1874)
Mesodon elevatus (Say, 1821) Proud Globe G5 S2?
Mesomphix rugeli (W.G. Binney, Wrinkled Button G4 S3
1879)
Patera panselenus (Hubricht, Virginia Bladetooth G3 S2?
1976)
= Mesodon panselenus
Philomycus virginicus Hubricht, Virginia Mantleslug G3 S3
1953
Promenetus exacuous (Say, Sharp Sprite G5 S3?
1821)
Triodopsis burchi Hubricht, 1950 Pittsylvania Three-tooth G3 S3
Triodopsis fraudulenta (Pilsbry, Baffled Three-tooth G4 S3
1894)
Triodopsis tennesseensis (Walker Budded Three-tooth G4 S3
and Pilsbry, 1902)
Ventridens arcellus Hubricht, Golden Dome G4 S3
1976
Ventridens lasmodon (Phillips, Hollow Dome G4 S3
1841)
Ventridens pilsbryi Hubricht, Yellow Dome G4 S3
1964
Alasmidonta undulata (Say, Triangle Floater G4 S3S4
1817)
Fusconaia subrotunda (I. Lea, Longsolid G3 S3 PT
1831)
Leptodea ochracea (Say, 1817) Tidewater Mucket G3G4 S3
= Ligumia ochracea
Ligumia nasuta (Say, 1817) Eastern Pondmussel G4 S3
Medionidus conradicus (I. Lea, Cumberland Moccasin G3G4 S3S4
1834)
Strophitus undulatus (Say, 1817) Creeper G5 S3S4
Utterbackiana implicata (Say, Alewife Floater G5 S3?
1829)
= Anodonta implicata
Villosa constricta (Conrad, 1838) Notched Rainbow G3 S3

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status

Villosa vanuxemensis (I. Lea, Mountain Creekshell G4 S3S4
1838)
Spiders
Antrodiaetus robustus (Simon, Robust Trapdoor Spider G3? S2?
1891)
Hypochilus gertschi Hoffman, Gertsch's Lampshade-web Spider G3 S3
1963
Hypochilus pococki Platnick, Pocock's Lampshade-web Spider G4G5 S2S3
1987
Nesticus holsingeri Gertsch, 1984 Holsinger's Cave Spider G3G4 S3
Nesticus tennesseensis A Cave Spider G3G4 S3S4
(Petrunkevich, 1925)
Sphodros atlanticus Gertsch and Atlantic Purse-web Spider G4 S3
Platnick, 1980
Sphodros coylei Gertsch and Coyle's Purse-web Spider G4? S3
Platnick, 1980
Sphodros niger (Hentz, 1842) Black Purse-web Spider G4G5 S3
Pseudoscorpions
Chitrella cavicola (Packard) A Cave Pseudoscorpion G3 S3

Amphipods
Crangonyx antennatus Cope and Appalachian Valley Cave Amphipod G5 S3
Packard, 1881
Crangonyx montanus Zhang and A freshwater amphipod G2 S3
Holsinger, 2003
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus Northern Spring Amphipod G5 S3
Bousfield, 1958
Stygobromus abditus Holsinger, James Cave Amphipod G2G3 S3
1978
Stygobromus araeus (Holsinger, Tidewater Interstitial Amphipod G3 S3
1969)
Stygobromus estesi Holsinger, Craig County Cave Amphipod G4 S3
1978
Stygobromus foliatus Holsinger, A Groundwater Amphipod G2 S3
2011
Stygobromus gracilipes Shenandoah Valley Cave Amphipod G3G4 S3
(Holsinger, 1967)
Stygobromus indentatus Tidewater Amphipod G3 S3
(Holsinger, 1967)
Stygobromus spinosus (Hubricht Blue Ridge Mountain Amphipod G3 S3
and Mackin, 1940)
Isopods
Caecidotea holsingeri (Steeves, Greenbrier Valley Cave Isopod G5 S3
1963)
Caecidotea pricei Levi, 1949 Price's Cave Isopod G5 S3
Caecidotea recurvata (Steeves, Southwestern Virginia Cave Isopod G5 S3
1963)

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status

Caecidotea richardsonae Hay, Tennessee Valley Cave Isopod G5 S3
1901
Caecidotea vandeli (Bresson, Vandel's Cave Isopod G3G4 S3
1955)
Decapods
Cambarus angularis Hobbs and Angled crayfish G3 S3
Bouchard, 1994
Cambarus buntingi Bouchard, Longclaw crayfish G4 S2
1973
Cambarus chasmodactylus New River crayfish G4 S3
James, 1966
Cambarus longirostris Faxon, Longnose crayfish G5 S3
1885
Fallicambarus fodiens (Cottle, Digger crayfish G5 S3
1863)
= Fallicambarus uhleri
Orconectes cristavarius Taylor, Spiny stream Crayfish G5 S3
2000
Orconectes forceps (Faxon, 1884) Surgeon crayfish G5 S3
Orconectes obscurus (Hagen, Allegheny Crayfish G5 S3
1870)
Orconectes virginiensis Hobbs, Chowanoke Crayfish G3 S3
1951
Lacunicambarus diogenes Devil Crawfish G5 S3
(Girard, 1852)
Abacion tesselatum Rafinesque, A Millipede G5 S3
1820
Andrognathus corticarius Cope, A Millipede G5 S3
1869
Apheloria montana (Bollman, A Millipede G5 S3
1887)
Apheloria polychroma Marek, Colorful Cherry Millipede GNR S3
Means and Hennen, 2018
Apheloria tigana Chamberlin, A Millipede G5 S3
1939
Brachycybe lecontii Wood, 1864 A Millipede G5 S3
Buotus carolinus Chamberlin, A Millipede G3 S3
1940
Cambala hubrichti Hoffman, A Millipede G5 S3
1958
Cambala minor Bollman, 1888 A Millipede G5 S3
Cleidogona hoffmani Shear, 1972 Hoffman's Cleidogonid Millipede G3 S3
Conotyla melinda Hoffman, 1971 Melinda Millipede G3 S3
Gyalostethus monticolens A Millipede G4 S3
(Chamberlin, 1951)
Nannaria ericacea Hoffman, 1949 Mcgraw Gap Xystodesmid G3 S3

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status
Nannaria morrisoni Hoffman, A Millipede G3 S3
1948
Nannaria wilsoni Hoffman, 1949 A Millipede G3 S3
Rudiloria kleinpeteri (Hoffman, A Millipede G3 S3
1949)
Rudiloria trimaculata tortua A Millipede G5T2 S2?
(Chamberlin, 1949)
Semionellus placidus (Wood, A Millipede G3 S3
1864)
Zygonopus packardi Causey, Packard's Blind Cave Millipede G4 S3
1960
= Trichopetalum packardi
INSECTS
Pseudosinella granda A Cave Springtail G3 S3
Pygmarrhopalites carolynae A Cave Springtail G4 S3
1996)
Pygmarrhopalites clarus A Cave Springtail G4 S3
(Christiansen, 1966)
Pygmarrhopalites marshalli A Cave Springtail G3 S3
1996)
Pygmarrhopalites pavo A Cave Springtail G3? S3
1996)
Schaefferia hubbardi Thibaud, A Cave Springtail G2G3 S3
1995
Sinella barri Christiansen, 1960 Barr's Cave Springtail G5 S3
DIPLURA (Diplurans)
Litocampa cookei (Packard, Cooke's Cave Dipluran G5 S3
1871)
Litocampa hoffmani Ferguson, Hoffman's cave dipluran G3 S3
2009
=Litocampa bifurcata
Damselflies
Argia bipunctulata (Hagen, 1861) Seepage Dancer G4 S3
Enallagma daeckii (Calvert, Attenuated Bluet G4 S3
1903)
Enallagma doubledayi (Selys, Atlantic Bluet G5 S3
1850)
Enallagma dubium Root, 1924 Burgundy Bluet G5 S3
Enallagma hageni (Walsh, 1863) Hagen's Bluet G5 S3
Enallagma weewa Byers, 1927 Blackwater Bluet G5 S3

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status

Ischnura prognata (Hagen, 1861) Furtive Forktail G4 S3
Telebasis byersi Westfall, 1957 Duckweed Firetail G5 S3
Dragonflies
Aphylla williamsoni (Gloyd, 1936) Two-striped Forceptail G5 S3
Cordulegaster erronea Hagen in Tiger Spiketail G4 S3
Selys, 1878
Cordulia shurtleffii Scudder, 1866 American Emerald G5 S3
Epitheca costalis (Selys, 1871) Stripe-winged Baskettail G5 S2S4
= Tetragoneuria costalis
Epitheca spinosa Hagen in Selys, Robust Baskettail G4 S3
1878
= Tetragoneuria spinosa
Gomphaeschna antilope (Hagen, Taper-tailed Darner G4 S3
1874)
Gomphurus dilatatus (Rambur, Blackwater clubtail G5 S3
1842)
= Gomphus dilatatus
Helocordulia selysii (Hagen in Selys' Sundragon G4 S3
Selys, 1878)
Hylogomphus abbreviatus Hagen Spine-crowned Clubtail G4 S3
in Selys, 1878
= Gomphus abbreviatus
Leucorrhinia intacta (Hagen, Dot-tailed Whiteface G5 S3
1861)
Libellula flavida Rambur, 1842 Yellow-sided Skimmer G5 S3
Macromia alleghaniensis Allegheny River Cruiser G4 S3
Williamson, 1909
Phanogomphus quadricolor Rapids Clubtail G3G4 S3
(Walsh, 1863)
= Gomphus quadricolor
Stenogomphurus rogersi (Gloyd, Sable Clubtail G4 S3
1936)
= Gomphus rogersi
Acroneuria kosztarabi Kondratieff Virginia Stonefly G1G2 S3
and Kirchner, 1993
Alloperla stipitata Surdick, 2004 Blue Ridge Sallfly G2G3 S3
Ostrocerca complexa (Claassen, Notched Forestfly G4 S1S3
1937)
Ostrocerca prolongata (Claassen, Bent Forestfly G3 S1S3
1923)
Paragnetina ichusa Stark and Widecollar Stonefly G3 S1S3
Szczytko, 1981
Remenus kirchneri Kondratieff Blue Ridge Springfly G2 S3
and Nelson, 1995
Sweltsa voshelli Kondratieff and Virginia Sallfly G3 S3
Kirchner, 1991

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status

Ctenotrachelus shermani Barber, Combneck Assassin Bug G3 S3
1930
Anthophylax hoffmani A longhorned beetle GNR S1S3
Beutenmueller, 1903
Calligrapha pnirsa Stål, 1860 A Leaf Beetle G3 S1S3
Cicindela dorsalis media LeConte, Southeastern Beach Tiger Beetle G3G4T3T S3
1860 4
= Habroscelimorpha dorsalis media
Cicindela purpurea Olivier, 1790 Purple Tiger Beetle G5 S3
Cicindela splendida Hentz, 1830 Splendid Tiger Beetle G5 S3
Helops sulcipennis LeConte, 1866 A Flightless Darkling Beetle G3? S1S3
Hydraena maureenae Perkins, Maureen's Shale Stream Beetle G2? S3
1980
Megacephala carolina (Linnaeus, Carolina Big-headed Tiger Beetle G5 S3
1767)
= Tetracha carolina
Nicrophorus defodiens A Burying Beetle G5 S3
Mannerheim, 1846
Adicrophleps hitchcocki Flint, A brachycentrid caddisfly G4G5 S1S3
1965
Agapetus tomus Ross, 1941 A glossosomatid caddisfly G5 S1S3
Agarodes libalis Ross and Scott, Spring-loving Psiloneuran Caddisfly G3 S1S3
1974
Ceraclea neffi (Resh, 1974) A Caddisfly G5 S1S3
Ceraclea punctata (Banks, 1894) A Ceraclean Caddisfly G5 S1S3
Ceraclea spongillovorax (Resh, A leptocerid caddisfly G3G4 S1S3
1974)
Ceraclea uvalo (Ross, 1938) A leptocerid caddisfly G2G4 S1S3
Cheumatopsyche parentum A hydropsychid caddisfly G3 S3
Gordon, 1974
Chimarra augusta J.C. Morse, A hydropsychid caddisfly G3G4 S3
1971
Culoptila cantha (Ross, 1938) A glossosomatid caddisfly G5 S1S3
Homoplectra monticola (Flint, A hydropsychid caddisfly G2G3 S2S3
1965)
Hydropsyche brunneipennis Flint G3G4 S1S3
and Butler, 1983
Hydropsyche catawba Ross, 1939 A hydropsychid caddisfly G3 S3
Hydropsyche frisoni Ross, 1938 A hydropsychid caddisfly G5 S1S3
Hydropsyche hoffmani Ross, A hydropsychid caddisfly G3G4 S3
1962

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status
Hydropsyche opthalmica Flint, A hydropsychid caddisfly G3 S3
1965
Hydropsyche potomacensis Flint, A hydropsychid caddisfly G2G3 S2S3
1965
Hydropsyche rotosa Ross, 1947 A hydropsychid caddisfly G2G3 S2S3
Ironoquia lyrata (Ross, 1938) A limnephilid caddisfly G5 S1S3
Lepidostoma bryanti (Banks, A Caddisfly G5 S1S3
1908)
Lepidostoma carrolli Flint, 1958 A lepidostomatid caddisfly G5 S1S3
Lepidostoma ontario Ross, 1941 A Caddisfly G5 S1S3
Lepidostoma pictile (Banks, A lepidostomatid caddisfly G5 S2S3
1899)
Lepidostoma serratum Flint and A lepidostomatid caddisfly G3G4 S1S3
Wiggins, 1961
Micrasema scotti Ross, 1947 A brachycentrid caddisfly G3G4 S2S4
Micrasema sprulesi Ross, 1941 A Caddisfly G5 S1S3
Molanna tryphena Betten, 1934 A Caddisfly G5 S1S2
Molanna uniophila Vorhies, 1909 A Caddisfly G5 S1S2
Neophylax stolus Ross, 1938 A uenoid caddisfly G3 S3
Ochrotrichia denningi Blickle and A microcaddisfly G2G4 S1S3
Morse, 1957
Ochrotrichia graysoni Parker and A microcaddisfly G3G4 S1S3
Voshell, 1980
Oxyethira pescadori Harris and Pescador's bottle-cased caddisfly G3G4 S1S2
Keth, 2002
Parapsyche cardis Ross, 1938 A hydropsychid caddisfly G4 S2
Phylocentropus auriceps (Banks, A caddisfly G3G4 S2
1905)
Phylocentropus carolinus A caddisfly G5 S2
Carpenter, 1933
Polycentropus centralis Banks, A polycentropodid caddisfly G5 S1S2
1914
Polycentropus pixi Ross, 1944 A polycentropodid caddisfly G4 S1S2
Pycnopsyche virginica (Banks, A limnephilid caddisfly G3G4 S3
1900)
Rhyacophila atrata Banks, 1911 A rhyacophilid caddisfly G5 S2
Rhyacophila otica Etnier and A rhyacophilid caddisfly G3G4Q S1S3
Way, 1973
Rhyacophila shenandoahensis Shenandoah Rhyacophilid Caddisfly G3 S3
Flint, 1958
Setodes guttatus (Banks, 1900) A leptocerid caddisfly G3G5 S1S3
Theliopsyche grisea (Hagen, A Caddisfly G4 S1S3
1861)
Theliopsyche melas Edwards, A Caddisfly G4G5 S1S3
1956
Triaenodes dipsius Ross, 1938 A leptocerid caddisfly G5 S1S3

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status
Triaenodes taenia Ross, 1938 A leptocerid caddisfly G3G4 S1S3

Butterflies
Atlides halesus (Cramer, 1777) Great Purple Hairstreak G4G5 S3
Celastrina nigra (W. Forbes, Dusky Azure GU S3S4
1960)
= Celastrina ebenina
Enodia creola (Skinner, 1897) Creole Pearly Eye G4 S3S4
Euphydryas phaeton (Drury, Baltimore Checkerspot G4 S2S4
1773)
Pieris virginiensis W. H. Edwards, West Virginia White G2G3 S3
1870
Satyrium edwardsii (Grote and Edwards' Hairstreak G4 S3
Robinson, 1867)
Satyrium favonius ontario (W. H. Oak hairstreak(=Northern G4G5T4 S3
Edwards, 1868) Hairstreak)
= Fixsenia favonius ontario
Speyeria diana (Cramer, 1777) Diana Fritillary G2G3 S3
Skippers
Amblyscirtes aesculapius Lace-winged Roadside Skipper G3G4 S3
(Fabricius, 1793)
Amblyscirtes carolina (Skinner, Carolina Roadside Skipper G3G4 S3S4
1892)
Amblyscirtes reversa F. Jones, Reversed Roadside Skipper G3G4 S3
1973
Hesperia leonardus T. Harris, Leonard's Skipper G4 S3?
1862
Poanes aaroni (Skinner, 1890) Aaron's Skipper G4 S3
Poanes yehl (Skinner, 1893) Yehl Skipper G4 S3
Polites mystic (Edwards, 1863) Long Dash G5 S3
Moths
Abrostola ovalis Guenée, 1852 A noctuid moth G4 S2S4
Acherdoa ferraria Walker, 1865 Chocolate Moth G5 S3
Acronicta radcliffei (Harvey, Radcliffe’s dagger moth G5 S2S4
1875)
Acronicta tristis Smith, 1911 A dagger moth GNR S1S3
Anaplectoides prasina ([Denis Green arches G5 S1S3
and Schiffermüller], 1775)
Apamea cariosa (Guenée, 1852) A noctuid moth G4 S1S3
Apamea lignicolora (Guenée, Hesitant dagger moth G5 S2S4
1852)
Apamea plutonia (Grote, 1883) A noctuid moth G5 S2S4
Apamea sordens (Hufnagel, Bordered Apamea moth G5 S1S3
1766)
= Apamea finitima

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status

Argyrostrotis quadrifilaris Four-lined chocolate moth G4 S1S3
(Hübner, 1831)
Arugisa latiorella (Walker, 1863) Watson's Arugisa Moth G4 S1S3
= Arugisa watsoni
Autographa ampla (Walker, Large looper moth G5 S1S3
[1858])
Bellura brehmei (Barnes and A wetland borer moth GNR S2S4
McDunnough, 1916)
Cabera quadrifasciaria (Packard, Four-lined Cabera moth GNR S1S3
1873)
Callopistria granitosa (Guenée, Granitosa fern moth G4 S1S3
1852)
Catocala angusi Grote, 1876 Angus’ underwing G4 S2S4
Catocala concumbens Walker, Sleepy underwing G5 S1S3
[1858]
Catocala crataegi Saunders, 1876 Hawthorn underwing G5 S2S4
Catocala insolabilis Guenée, 1852 Inconsolable underwing G5 S1S3
Catocala miranda H. Edwards, Miranda underwing G3G4 S2S4
1881
Catocala parta Guenée, 1852 Mother underwing G5 S2S4
Catocala robinsoni Grote, 1872 Robinson's Underwing G4 S3
Catocala sappho Strecker, 1874 Sappho underwing G4 S1S3
Catocala serena W. H. Edwards, Serene underwing G5 S2S4
1864
Crambidia pura Barnes and Pure lichen moth G4 S1S3
McDunnough, 1913
Cucullia florea Guenée, 1852 A noctuid moth G5 S2S4
Cutina aluticolor Pogue and A cypress moth GNR S3
Ferguson, 1998
Darapsa versicolor (Harris, 1839) Hydrangea sphinx G4? S3
Dasychira pinicola (Dyar, 1911) Pine tussock moth G4 S1S3
Dasychira plagiata (Walker, A tussock moth G5 S2S4
1865)
Derrima stellata Walker, [1858] Pink star moth G4 S1S3
Diachrysia balluca Geyer, 1832 A noctuid moth G5 S1S3
Dysstroma truncata (Hufnagel, Marbled carpet G5 S2S4
1767)
Emarginea percara (Morrison, A Noctuid Moth G4 S3
1875)
Erastria cruentaria (Hübner, Thin-lined erastria moth G4 S2S4
1799)
Eueretagrotis attenta (Grote, Attentive dart moth G5 S1S3
1874)
Eueretagrotis perattenta (Grote, Two-spot dart moth G5 S1S3
1874)
Eueretagrotis sigmoides Sigmoid Dart G5 S3
(Guenée, 1852)

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status

Eulia ministrana (Linnaeus, Ferruginous Eulia Moth GNR S1S3
1758)
Eulithis molliculata (Walker, A Geometrid Moth G4 S3
1862)
Euxoa bostoniensis (Grote, 1874) Boston dart moth GNR S2S4
Euxoa declarata (Walker, 1865) A dart moth G5 S1S3
Euxoa obeliscoides (Guenée, A dart moth G5 S2S4
1852)
Euxoa redimicula (Morrison, Fillet dart moth GNR S2S4
1874)
Euxoa scholastica McDunnough, Scholastic dart moth GNR S2S4
1920
Euxoa violaris (Grote and Violet darter G4 S1S3
Robinson, 1868)
Feralia comstocki (Grote, 1874) Comstock's sallow G5 S1S3
Givira francesca (Dyar, 1909) a carpenterworm moth GNR S3
Globia subflava (Grote,1882) A sedge borer moth G5 S1S3
= Archanara subflava
= Capsula subflava
Haploa colona (Hübner, [1803]) Colona moth G4G5 S2S4
Heliomata infulata (Grote, 1863) Rare Spring Moth G3G4 S2S4
Homochlodes disconventa Dark Homochlodes moth G4 S2S4
(Walker, 1860)
Hydraecia stramentosa Guenée, Figwort Borer G4 S2S4
1852
Hypena sordidula Grote, 1872 Sordid hypena moth G4? S2S4
= Bomolocha sordidula
Inguromorpha basalis (Walker, Black-lined Carpenterworm Moth G4 S1S3
1856)
Iridopsis pergracilis (Hulst, 1900) a Geometrid moth G4G5 S1S3
= Anacamptodes pergracilis
Isoparce cupressi (Boisduval, Cypress Sphinx G4 S3
[1875])
Lintneria eremitus (Hübner, Hermit sphinx G4G5 S1S3
[1823])
= Sphinx eremitus
Lithophane petulca Grote, 1874 Wanton pinion moth G5 S1S3
Lophocampa maculata Harris, Spotted Tussock Moth G5 S1S3
1841
Melanchra assimilis (Morrison, Black arches G5 SU
1874)
Melipotis jucunda (Hübner, 1818) Merry Melipotis moth G5 S1S3
Meropleon cosmion Dyar, 1924 A Noctuid Moth G4 S3
Mesoleuca ruficillata (Guenée, White-ribboned carpet G5 S3
[1858] in Boisduval and Guenée)

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status

Metanema inatomaria Guenée, Pale metanema moth G5 S1S3
[1858] in Boisduval and Guenée
Metarranthis sp. 1 Mid-Atlantic metarranthis moth G3G4 S1S3
Morrisonia triangula Sullivan and Triangle-barred Morrisonia moth G3G4 S2S4
Adams, 2009
Nemoria elfa Ferguson, 1969 Elfin Emerald Moth G4? S1S3
Neoligia crytora (Franclemont, A noctuid moth GNR S2S4
1950)
= Oligia crytora
Neoligia exhausta (Smith, 1903) A noctuid moth GNR S1S3
= Oligia exhausta
Panopoda repanda (Walker, Orange Panopoda Moth G5 S3
[1858])
Panthea acronyctoides (Walker, Black Zipzag G5 S2S4
1861)
Papaipema impecuniosa (Grote, Aster borer moth G5 S2S4
1881)
Papaipema nepheleptena (Dyar, Turtlehead Borer G4 S2S4
1908)
Papaipema polymniae Bird, 1917 Leafcup Borer Moth G4? S2S4
Papaipema pterisii Bird, 1907 Bracken Fern Borer G5 S3
Papaipema speciosissima (Grote Osmunda Borer Moth G4 S3
and Robinson, 1868)
Papaipema unimoda (Smith, Meadow Rue Borer G5 S2S4
1894)
Pero zalissaria (Walker, 1860) A Geometrid Moth G4 S3
Petrophora subaequaria (Walker, Northern petrophora moth G5 S1S3
1860 in Urban)
Polychrysia morigera (H. A Noctuid Moth G4 S3
Edwards, 1886)
Protapamea danieli Quinter, 2009 A cane moth GNR S1S3
Protodeltote albidula (Guenée, A noctuid moth G5 S1S3
1852)
= Lithacodia albidula
Pseudohermonassa tenuicula A dart moth G5 S1S3
(Morrison, 1874)
= Xestia tenuicula
Schinia florida (Guenée, 1852) Primrose moth G5 S2S4
Schinia nubila (Strecker, 1876) A flower moth G5 S2S4
Schinia saturata (Grote, 1874) Brown flower moth G5 S2S4
Sideridis congermana (Morrison, German cousin moth GNR S1S3
1874)
Speranza abruptata (Walker, A Geometrid Moth G5 S2S4
1862)
= Itame abruptata
Speranza evagaria (Hulst, 1900) A geometrid moth G4G5 S1S3

Animal Watch List

Rank Status Status

= Itame evagaria
Speranza exauspicata (Walker, A geometrid moth G5 S1S3
1861)
= Itame exauspicata
Speranza subcessaria (Walker, Barred Itame moth G5 S2S4
1861)
= Itame subcessaria
Sphinx chersis (Hübner, [1823]) Great ash sphinx G4 S2S4
Sphinx drupiferarum J. E. Smith, Wild cherry sphinx G3G5 S1S3
1797
Spragueia dama (Guenée, 1852) Southern Spragueia moth G5 S2S4
Sthenopis argenteomaculatus Silver-spotted Ghost Moth GNR S1S3
(Harris, 1842)
Sthenopis pretiosus Gold-spotted Ghost Moth G3G4 S1S3
(Herrich-Schäffer, [1856])
Xanthorhoe labradorensis Labrador carpet G5 S2S4
(Packard, 1867)
Zale calycanthata (J.E. Smith, Double-banded Zale moth G4 S2S4
1797)
Zale submediana Strand, 1917 A Noctuid Moth G4 S2S4

Andrena fulvipennis Smith, 1853 a mining bee GNR S1S2
Bombus fernaldae (Franklin, Fernald's Cuckoo Bumble Bee G5? SU
1911)
Bombus fervidus (Fabricius, Yellow bumble bee G3G4 S3
1798)
Melissodes tepaneca Cresson, Tepanec long-horned bee GNR SU
1878
Melitta eickworti Snelling and Deerberry Melitta GNR SU
Stage, 1995
Osmia felti Cockerell, 1911 A mason bee G2G4 S2S3

Scudderia septentrionalis Northern Bush Katydid G3? S3
(Serville, 1838)

Animal Review List
The following taxa are ranked SU (Unrankable) indicating their taxonomy and/or
distribution in Virginia are poorly understood. More data are needed to assess
their status.

Rank Status Status
VERTEBRATES
FISH
Lepomis marginatus (Holbrook, Dollar sunfish G5 SU
1855)
AMPHIBIANS
Lithobates kauffeldi Feinberg, Atlantic coast leopard frog G3G4 SU
Newman, Watkins-Colwell,
Schlesinger, Zarate, Curry,
Shaffer, and Burger, 2014
= Rana kauffeldi
REPTILES
Lampropeltis elapsoides Scarlet Kingsnake G5 SU
(Holbrook, 1838)
= Lampropeltis triangulum elapsoides

Animal Review List
their status.

Rank Status Status
INVERTEBRATES
GASTROPODA (Snails)
Catinella hubrichti Grimm, 1960 Snowhill Ambersnail G3 SU
Discus nigrimontanus (Pilsbry, Black Mountain Disc G4 SU
1924)
Euchemotrema leai (A. Binney, Lowland Pillsnail G5 SU
1841)
= Stenotrema leai aliciae
Fumonelix christyi (Bland, 1860) Glossy Covert G3 SU
= Mesodon christyi
Gastrocopta clappi (Sterki, 1909) Bluegrass Snaggletooth G4G5 SU
= Gastrocopta armifera clappi
Gastrocopta pellucida (Pfeiffer, Slim Snaggletooth G5 SU
1841)
Gastrodonta fonticula Wurtz, Appalachia Bellytooth G3G4 SU
1948
Glyphyalinia praecox (H.B. Baker, Brilliant Glyph G4 SU
1930)
Glyphyalinia sculptilis (Bland, Suborb Glyph G4 SU
1858)
Helicodiscus shimeki Hubricht, Temperate Coil G4G5 SU
1962
Inflectarius kalmianus (Hubricht, Brown Globelet G3 SU
1965)
= Mesodon kalmianus
Lobosculum pustuloides (Bland, Tiny Liptooth G4 SU
1858)
= Polygyra pustuloides
Mesomphix subplanus (A. Flat Button G3G4 SU
Binney, 1842)
Oxyloma subeffusum Pilsbry, Chesapeake Ambersnail G3 SU
1948
Pallifera varia Hubricht, 1953 Variable Mantleslug G2G4 SU
Paravitrea grimmi Hubricht, 1968 Buff Supercoil G1G3Q SU
Paravitrea placentula Glossy Supercoil G3 SU
(Shuttleworth, 1852)
Paravitrea pontis H.B. Baker, Natural Bridge Supercoil G3 SU
1931
Paravitrea reesei Morrison, 1937 Round Supercoil G3 SU
Patera laevior (Pilsbry, 1940) Smooth Bladetooth G4 SU
Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis (I. Brown Walker G4 SU
Lea, 1840)
Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, Widespread Column G5 SU
1758)
Somatogyrus pennsylvanicus Shale Pebblesnail G3 SU
Walker, 1904
Stenotrema pilula (Pilsbry, 1900) Pygmy Slitmouth G3G4 SU

Animal Review List
their status.

Rank Status Status
GASTROPODA (Snails)
Stenotrema spinosum (I. Lea, Carinate Slitmouth G4 SU
1830)
Striatura exigua (Stimpson, Ribbed Striate G5 SU
1850)
Striatura milium (E.S. Morse, Fine-ribbed Striate G5 SU
1859)
Triodopsis anteridon Pilsbry, Carter Threetooth G3 SU
1940
Triodopsis pendula Hubricht, Hanging Rock Three-tooth G3 SU
1952
Vallonia parvula Sterki, 1893 Trumpet Vallonia G4 SU
Ventridens decussatus (Walker Crossed Dome G3 SU
and Pilsbry, 1902)
Ventridens lawae (W.G. Binney, Rounded Dome G4 SU
1892)
Vertigo bollesiana (E.S. Morse, Delicate Vertigo G4G5 SU
1865)
Vertigo clappi Brooks and Hunt, Cupped Vertigo G1G2 SU
1936
Vertigo oralis Sterki, 1898 Palmetto Vertigo G5 SU
Vertigo parvula Sterki, 1890 Smallmouth Vertigo G3 SU
Vertigo teskeyae Hubricht, 1961 Swamp Vertigo G5 SU
Vertigo ventricosa (E.S. Morse, Five-tooth Vertigo G5 SU
1865)
Vitrinizonites latissimus (J. Lewis, Glassy Grapeskin G4 SU
1875)
Pisidium equilaterale Prime, 1852 Round Peaclam G4G5 SU

Spiders
Amaurobius borealis Emerton, An Amaurobiid Spider G5 SU
1909
Barronopsis jeffersi (Muma, A Funnel-web Spider G3 SU
1945)
Castianeira trilineata (Hentz, A Two-clawed Hunting Spider G4? SU
1847)
Clubiona spiralis Emerton, 1909 A Two-clawed Hunting Spider G4 SU
Drassyllus louisianus Chamberlin, A Gnaphosid Spider G4? SU
1922
Drassyllus sp. 1 A gnaphosid spider G1G3 SU
Pisaurina dubia (Hentz, 1847) A Nursery-web Spider G4 SU
Sphodros rufipes (Latreille, Red-legged Purse-web Spider G4 SU
1829)
Xysticus emertoni Keyserling, Emerton's Crab Spider G5 SU
1880
Pseudoscorpions

Animal Review List
their status.

Rank Status Status

Kleptochthonius polychaetus Shenadoah Pseudoscorpion G1G3 SU
Muchmore, 1994
Amphipods
Crangonyx acicularis Zhang and A freshwater amphipod G1G3 SU
Holsinger, 2003
Crangonyx gracilis S.I. Smith, A freshwater amphipod G4 SU
1871
Branchiopods
Eulimnadia sp. 1 A Clam Shrimp GNR SU
Auturus erythropygos (Brandt, A Millipede G3 SU
1839)
Okeanobates americanus A Millipede G4 SU
Enghoff, 1979
Petaserpes rosalbus Cope, 1879 A Millipede G5 SU
= Polyzonium rosalbum
Pseudopolydesmus paludicolus A Millipede G2G4 SU
Hoffman, 1950
Striaria columbiana Cook, 1899 A Millipede G2 SU
INSECTS
EPHEMEROPTERA (Mayflies)
Ameletus tarteri Burrows, 1987 Tarter's Ameletus Mayfly G2G4 SU
Isonychia arida (Say, 1839) A Mayfly G5 SU
Isonychia georgiae McDunnough, Georgia Isonychia Mayfly G4 SU
1931
Iswaeon anoka (Daggy, 1945) Mayfly G5 SU
= Heterocleon anoka
Rhithrogena anomala A Mayfly G3G4 SU
McDunnough, 1928
Waynokiops dentatogriphus Hill, A mayfly GNR SU
Pfeiffer, and Jacobus, 2010
Dragonflies
Sympetrum internum Cherry-faced meadowhawk G5 SU
Montgomery, 1943
= Sympetrum janeae
Allocapnia harperi Kirchner, 1980 Stonyfork snowfly G4 SU
Alloperla banksi Frison, 1942 Tufted Sallfly G4 SU
Alloperla biserrata Nelson and Dusky Sallfly G3 SU
Kondratieff, 1980
Alloperla idei (Ricker, 1935) Vernal Sallfly G3 SU
Alloperla nanina Banks, 1911 Swannanoa Sallfly G4 SU

Animal Review List
their status.

Rank Status Status
Bolotoperla rossi (Frison, 1942) Smoky Willowfly G4 SU
Hansonoperla appalachia Nelson, Appalachian Stonefly G3 SU
1979
Isogenoides varians (Walsh, Rock Island Springfly G3G4 SU
1862)
Perlesta roblei Kondratieff and Dragon Run stonefly G3 SU
Kirchner, 2003
Perlesta shawnee Grubbs, 2005 Shawnee stonefly G3 SU
Perlesta teaysia Kirchner and Teays Stonefly G4 SU
Kondratieff, 1997
Pteronarcys comstocki Smith, Spiny Salmonfly G3 SU
1917
Pteronarcys scotti Ricker, 1952 Carolina Salmonfly G4 SU
Shipsa rotunda (Claassen, 1923) Intrepid forestfly G5 SU
Tallaperla cornelia (Needham and Southeastern Roachfly G4 SU
Smith, 1916)
Acantholomidea denticulata A Shield Bug GNR SU
(Stål, 1870)
Allopodops mississippiensis Mississippi Turtle Bug G2G3 SU
Harris and Johnson
Botocudo modestus (Barber) A Seed Bug G5 SU
Corixidea major McAtee and A true bug GU SU
Malloch, 1925
Elasmostethus atricornis (Van Hercules Club Stink Bug G3? SU
Duzee, 1904)
Eurygaster alternata (Say, 1828) A Shield Bug G5 SU
Galgupha denudata (Uhler, A Shield Bug G3 SU
1863)
Glyptocombus saltator A true bug GNR SU
Heidemann, 1906
Ioscytus chapmani McKinnon and Chapman's Shore Bug GNR SU
Polhemus, 1986
Isthmocoris piceus (Say, 1832) Black Stalk-eyed Bug G5 SU
Ligyrocoris depictus Barber, 1921 A seed bug G4? SU
Melanaethus cavicollis (Blatchley) A Burrower Bug G4 SU
Nannocoris arenarius Blatchley, A True Bug GU SU
1926
Neolygus crataegi Henry, 2007 Hawthorn plant bug GNR SU
Nepa apiculata Uhler, 1862 A Water Scorpion GNR SU
Oncozygia clavicornis Stal, 1872 A Turtle Bug G3 SU
Plagiognathus repetitus Knight, Pine barrens plant bug GNR SU
1923
Pnirontis languida Stal, 1859 An Assassin Bug G4 SU
Ranatra australis Hungerford, Southern Water Scorpion G5 SU
1922

Animal Review List
their status.

Rank Status Status

Ranatra drakei Hungerford, 1922 Drake's Water Scorpion G4 SU
Stachyocnemus apicalis (Dallas, Sandpit Alydid Bug G4 SU
1852)
Tominotus communis (Uhler, A Burrower Bug G5 SU
1877)
Trialeurodes phlogis Russell, Phlox Whitefly GU SU
1995
Cyclotrachelus incisus (LeConte, A Ground Beetle G4 SU
1848)
Diabrotica cristata (Harris, 1836, A Leaf Beetle GNR SU
"1837")
Dryobius sexnotatus Linsley, Six-banded Longhorn Beetle GNR SU
1957
Eucaerus varicornis LeConte, A Ground Beetle G4? SU
1853
Hoperius planatus Fall, 1927 A Dytiscid Beetle GNR SU
Hydrobiomorpha casta (Say, A Water Scavenger Beetle GNR SU
1835)
Laccophilus schwarzi Fall, 1917 Schwarz' Diving Beetle GNR SU
Paralichas trivittis (Germar, A Beetle GNR SU
1824)
= Odontonyx trivittis
Pentagonica picticornis Bates, A Ground Beetle GNR SU
1883
Phanaeus igneus MacLeay, 1919 A Scarab Beetle G5 SU
Phloeoxena signata DeJean A Ground Beetle G3? SU
Pseudaptinus lecontei (Dejean, A Ground Beetle GNR SU
1831)
Pseudaptinus pygmaeus (Dejean, A Ground Beetle GNR SU
1826)
= Thalpius pygmaeus
Sosylus costatus LeConte A Beetle GNR SU
Stenocorus schaumi LeConte, Schaum's Longhorn Beetle GNR SU
1850
Urographis triangulifer A Longhorned Beetle G4? SU
(Haldeman, 1847)
= Graphisurus triangulifer
MECOPTERA (Scorpionflies)
Boreus nivoriundus Fitch, 1847 A Snow Scorpionfly G4 SU
Agapetus minutus Sibley, 1926 A glossosomatid caddisfly G4G5 SU
Hydroptila acadia Ross, 1941 A microcaddisfly GU SU
Hydroptila amoena Ross, 1938 A microcaddisfly G5 SU
Hydroptila artesa Mathis and A microcaddisfly G2G3 SU
Bowles, 1990

Animal Review List
their status.

Rank Status Status
Hydroptila dentata Ross, 1938 A microcaddisfly G3G4 SU
Hydroptila eramosa Harper, 1973 A microcaddisfly G1G3 SU
Hydroptila fiskei Blickle, 1963 A microcaddisfly G4 SU
Hydroptila lonchera Blickle and A microcaddisfly G2G3 SU
Morse, 1954
Hydroptila maculata Banks, 1949 A Caddisfly G3G4 SU
Hydroptila spinata Blickle and A Caddisfly G4 SU
W.J. Morse, 1954
Hydroptila talladega Harris, 1985 A microcaddisfly G4 SU
Hydroptila tortosa Ross, 1938 A Caddisfly G4G5 SU
Hydroptila virgata Ross, 1938 A microcaddisfly G5 SU
Ithytrichia clavata Morton, 1905 A microcaddisfly G5 SU
Mayatrichia ayama Mosely, 1937 A microcaddisfly G5 SU
Neotrichia vibrans Ross, 1938 A microcaddisfly G5 SU
Ochrotrichia arva (Ross, 1941) A microcaddisfly G4G5 SU
Ochrotrichia tarsalis (Hagen, A microcaddisfly G5 SU
1861)
Ochrotrichia wojcickyi Blickle, A microcaddisfly G4G5 SU
1963
Orthotrichia cristata Morton, A microcaddisfly G5 SU
1905
Oxyethira dualis Morton, 1905 A Caddisfly G5 SU
Oxyethira janella Denning, 1948 Little-entrance Oxyethiran G5 SU
Microcaddisfly
Oxyethira michiganensis Mosely, A Caddisfly G5 SU
1934
Oxyethira rivicola Blickle and A microcaddisfly G5 SU
Morse, 1954
Paranyctiophylax denningi A polycentropodid caddisfly G4G5 SU
(Morse, 1972)
Paranyctiophylax serratus (Lago A polycentropodid caddisfly G4 SU
and Harris, 1985)
Polycentropus interruptus A polycentropodid caddisfly G5 SU
(Banks, 1914)
Polycentropus nascotius Ross, A polycentropodid caddisfly G5 SU
1941
Polycentropus pentus Ross, 1941 A polycentropodid caddisfly G5 SU
Stactobiella martynovi Blickle A microcaddisfly G4 SU
and Denning, 1977
Butterflies
Celastrina lucia (W. Kirby, 1837) Northern Spring Azure G5 SU
= Celastrina ladon lucia
Danaus plexippus plexippus Monarch G4T3 SU C
(Linneaus, 1758)

Animal Review List
their status.

Rank Status Status

Papilio appalachiensis (Pavulaan Appalachian tiger swallowtail G4 SU
and Wright, 2002)
Satyrium caryaevorus Hickory Hairstreak G4 SU
(McDunnough, 1942)
Skippers
Autochton cellus (Boisduval and Golden-banded Skipper G4 SU
Le Conte, [1837])
Thorybes confusis E. Bell, 1923 Confused Cloudywing G4 SU
Moths
Acronicta dactylina Grote, 1874 Fingered dagger moth G5 SU
Acronicta subochrea Grote, 1874 Puzzling dagger moth G4? SU
Bellura vulnifica (Grote, 1873) A wetland borer moth GNR SU
= Bellura melanopyga
Catocala antinympha (Hübner, Sweetfern underwing G5 SU
[1823])
Cucullia alfarata Strecker, 1898 A noctuid moth G4 SU
Eupithecia peckorum Heitzman Peck's Eupithecia moth G4 SU
and Enns, 1977
Glena cognataria (Hübner, 1831) Blueberry gray G4 SU
Hydriomena bistriolata (Zeller, A Geometrid moth GNR SU
1872)
Hydriomena divisaria (Walker, Black-dashed hydriomena moth G5 SU
1860)
Idia majoralis (Smith, 1895) Major idia moth GNR SU
Lacinipolia lustralis (Grote, 1875) a noctuid moth GNR SU
Leucania commoides Guenée, A noctuid moth G5 SU
1852
Lithophane innominata (Smith, Nameless pinion moth G5 SU
1893)
Orthofidonia exornata (Walker, A geometrid moth GNR SU
1862)
Papaipema nelita (Strecker, Coneflower borer moth G4 SU
1898)
Psaphida grandis Smith, 1898 Gray sallow G4 SU
= Eutolype grandis
Psaphida thaxterianus (Grote, A Noctuid Moth G4 SU
1874)
Schinia bina (Guenée, 1852) Bina flower moth G4 SU
Sympistis badistriga (Grote, Brown-lined Sallow moth G4 SU
1872)
= Homohadena badistriga
Tarache delecta (Walker, [1858]) A Noctuid Moth GU SU
= Acontia delecta
Virbia ferruginosa (Walker, 1854) Rusty tiger moth G5 SU
= Holomelina ferruginosa

Animal Review List
their status.

Rank Status Status

Virbia immaculata (Reakirt, Immaculate tiger moth G4 SU
1864)
= Holomelina immaculata
Zale sp. 2 nr. squamularis A zale moth G4Q SU
Schweitzer (unpublished)
Zale sp. 3 nr. buchholzi Maritime Zale Moth G3G4 SU
Zanclognatha theralis (Walker, A Noctuid Moth G4 SU
1859)
= Zanclognatha gypsalis
Bombus citrinus (Smith, 1854) Lemon cuckoo bumble bee G4 SU
Bombus pensylvanicus (De Geer, American bumble bee G3G4 SU
1773)
Bombus sandersoni Franklin, Sanderson bumble bee G5 SU
1913
Melanoplus celatus Hebard, 1937 A spur-throat grasshopper GU SU
Melanoplus devius Morse, 1904 A spur-throat grasshopper GU SU
Melanoplus impudicus Scudder, Immodest Spur-throat Grasshopper G4G5 SU
1897
Melanoplus pachycercus Hebard, A spur-throat grasshopper G2G3 SU
1935

APPENDIX 1. Federal and State Endangered and Threatened
Animals of Virginia
(exclusive of extirpated species, see Appendix 2)
Global State Legal Status (Date listed)

Scientific Name Common Name
Rank Rank Federal State
VERTEBRATES
FISH
Acipenser brevirostrum Shortnose Sturgeon G3 SHB,S1N LE (1967-03) LE (not avail.)
Acipenser oxyrinchus Atlantic Sturgeon G3 S2 LE (2012-02) LE (1992-01)
= Acipenser oxyrhynchus
Ammocrypta clara Western Sand Darter G3 S1 LT (1992-01)
= Etheostoma clarum
Chrosomus cumberlandensis Blackside Dace G2 S1 LT (1987-06) LT (not avail.)
= Phoxinus cumberlandensis
Chrosomus tennesseensis Tennessee Dace G3 S1 LE (1992-01)
= Phoxinus tennesseensis
Cyprinella whipplei Steelcolor Shiner G5 S1 LT (1992-01)
= Notropis whipplei
Enneacanthus chaetodon Blackbanded Sunfish G3G4 S1 LE (1987-01)
Erimonax monachus Turquoise Shiner G2 S1 LT (1977-09) LT (not avail.)
= Cyprinella monacha
= Hybopsis monacha
Erimystax cahni Slender Chub G1 S1 LT (1977-09) LT (not avail.)
= Hybopsis cahni
Etheostoma acuticeps Sharphead Darter G3 S1 LE (1987-01)
Etheostoma chlorobranchium Greenfin Darter G4 S1 LT (not avail.)
Etheostoma collis Carolina Darter G3 S2 LT (1992-01)
Etheostoma denoncourti Golden Darter G2 S1 LT (2007-07)
= Etheostoma tippecanoe (in part)

Etheostoma osburni Candy Darter G3 S1 LE (2018-12) LE (2019-07)
Etheostoma percnurum Duskytail Darter G1 S1 LE (1993-04) LE (not avail.)
Etheostoma variatum Variegate Darter G5 S1 LE (1992-01)
Notropis alborus Whitemouth Shiner G4 S1 LT (1992-01)
Notropis atherinoides Emerald Shiner G5 S1S2 LT (1992-01)
Noturus flavipinnis Yellowfin Madtom G1 S1 LT (1977-09) LT (not avail.)
Noturus gilberti Orangefin Madtom G2 S2 LT (1992-01)
Percina rex Roanoke Logperch G1G2 S1S2 LE (1989-09) LE (not avail.)
Percina williamsi Sickle darter G2 S1S2 PT (2020-11) LT (not avail.)
= Percina macrocephala (in part)

Polyodon spathula Paddlefish G4 S1 LT (1991-01)
AMPHIBIANS
Ambystoma mabeei Mabee's Salamander G4 S1S2 LT (1987-01)
Ambystoma tigrinum Tiger Salamander G5 S1 LE (1987-10)
Plethodon shenandoah Shenandoah Salamander G1 S1 LE (1989-08) LE (1987-10)

Animals of Virginia

REPTILES
Caretta caretta Loggerhead (Sea Turtle) G3 S1B,S1N LT (1978-07) LT (1987-01)
Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle G3 SNA LT (1978-07) LT (1987-01)
Crotalus horridus [Coastal Canebrake Rattlesnake G4T4Q S1 LE (1992-01)

Plain population]
Deirochelys reticularia Chicken Turtle G5 S1 LE (1987-10)
Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle G2 SNA LE (1970-06) LE (1987-01)
Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle G3 SNA LE (1970-06) LE (not avail.)
Glyptemys insculpta Wood Turtle G3 S2 LT (not avail.)
= Clemmys insculpta
Glyptemys muhlenbergii Bog Turtle G2G3 S2 LT/SA
(1997-11) LE (1987-01)
= Clemmys muhlenbergii
Treated as threatened due to similarity of appearance.
Lepidochelys kempii Kemp's Ridley (Sea Turtle) G1 S1N LE (1970-12) LE (1987-01)
Ophisaurus ventralis Eastern Glass Lizard G5 S1 LT (1992-01)
BIRDS
Calidris canutus rufa Red Knot G4T2 S2N LT (2015-01) LT (2015-01)
Centronyx henslowii Henslow's Sparrow G4 S1B LT (not avail.)
= Ammodramus henslowii
Charadrius melodus Piping Plover G3 S2B,S1N LT (1985-12) LT (1985-01)
Charadrius wilsonia Wilson's Plover G5 S1B LE (1987-01)
Dryobates borealis Red-cockaded Woodpecker G3 S1 LE (1970-10) LE (1973-01)
= Picoides borealis
Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon G4 S1B,S2N LT (not avail.)
Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern G5 S2B LT (1992-01)
= Sterna nilotica
Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike G4 S1B,S2N LT (1992-01)
Laterallus jamaicensis Black Rail G3 S1B,S1N LT (2020-11) LE (2013-01)
Peucaea aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow G3 SHB LT (1992-01)
= Aimophila aestivalis
Setophaga kirtlandii Kirtland's Warbler G3G4 SNA LE (not avail.)
= Dendroica setophaga
Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern G4 SHB LE (1987-11) LE (1992-01)
Thryomanes bewickii altus Appalachian Bewick's Wren G5T2Q SHB LE (1987-01)
MAMMALS
Balaenoptera borealis Sei Whale G3 SNR LE (1970-06) LE (not avail.)
Balaenoptera musculus Blue Whale G3G4 SNA LE (1970-06) LE (not avail.)
Balaenoptera physalus Fin Whale G3G4 SNA LE (1970-06) LE (not avail.)
Corynorhinus rafinesquii Eastern Big-eared Bat G3G4T3 S2 LE (1987-01)

macrotis

Animals of Virginia

= Plecotus rafinesquii macrotis

Corynorhinus townsendii Virginia Big-eared Bat G4T4 S1 LE (1979-11) LE (1987-01)
virginianus
= Plecotus townsendii virginianus
Eubalaena glacialis Northern Right Whale G1 SNA LE (1970-06) LE (not avail.)
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel G5T2 S1 LE (1985-07) LE (1989-01)
Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale G4 S1N LE (1970-06) LE (not avail.)
Microtus chrotorrhinus Southern Rock Vole G5T3 S1 LE (1992-01)

carolinensis
Myotis grisescens Gray Bat G3G4 S1 LE (1976-04) LE (1987-01)
Myotis lucifugus Little Brown Myotis G3G4 S1S3 LE (2016-04)
Myotis septentrionalis Northern long-eared Myotis G2G3 S1S3 LT (2015-05) LT (2016-04)
Myotis sodalis Indiana Bat G2 S1 LE (1967-03) LE (1987-01)
Perimyotis subflavus Tricolored bat (=Eastern G3G4 S1S3 LE (2016-04)

pipistrelle)
= Pipistrellus subflavus
Physeter macrocephalus Sperm Whale G3G4 SNA LE (1970-06) LE (not avail.)
= Physeter catodon
Sorex palustris punctulatus Southern Water Shrew G5T3 S1S2 LE (1992-01)
Trichechus manatus Florida Manatee G2G3 SNA LT (2017-04) LE (not avail.)

Animals of Virginia

INVERTEBRATES
GASTROPODA (Snails)
Elimia arachnoidea Spider Elimia G2G3 S2 LE (2006-07)
= Goniobasis arachnoidea
Fontigens bottimeri Appalachian Springsnail G2G3 S2S3 LE (2006-07)
Fontigens morrisoni Virginia Springsnail G2 S2 LE (2006-07)
Helicodiscus diadema Shaggy Coil G1 S1 LE (not avail.)
Helicodiscus lirellus Rubble Coil G1 S1 LE (not avail.)
Holsingeria unthanksensis Thankless ghostsnail G2 S2 LE (1992-01)
Io fluvialis Spiny Riversnail G1G2 S2 LT (1987-01)
Paravitrea hera Spirit Supercoil G1 S1 LE (not avail.)
Paravitrea septadens Brown Supercoil G1 S1 LT (not avail.)
Polygyriscus virginianus Virginia Fringed Mountain G1 S1 LE (1978-07) LE (not avail.)

Snail(=Virginia coil)

Alasmidonta heterodon Dwarf Wedgemussel G1G2 S1 LE (1990-03) LE (1987-01)
Alasmidonta varicosa Brook Floater G3 S1 LE (1992-01)
Alasmidonta viridis Slippershell Mussel G4G5 S1 LE (1992-01)
= Alasmidonta minor
Cyclonaias pustulosa Pimpleback G5 S2 LT (1987-01)
= Quadrula pustulosa
Cyprogenia stegaria Fanshell G1 S1 LE (1990-06) LE (1987-01)
= Cyprogenia irrorata
Dromus dromas Dromedary Pearlymussel G1 S1 LE (1976-06) LE (1987-01)
Elliptio crassidens Elephant Ear G5 S1 LE (1992-01)
Elliptio lanceolata Yellow Lance G2 S2 LT (2018-05) LT (2019-07)
Epioblasma aureola Golden Riffleshell G1 S1 LE (1977-08) LE (1987-01)

Virginia populations are listed as federally and state endangered under the name Tan Riffleshell (Epioblasma florentina
walkeri)
Epioblasma brevidens Cumberland Combshell G1 S1 LE (1997-01) LE (1987-10)
Epioblasma capsaeformis Oyster Mussel G1 S1 LE (1997-01) LE (1978-10)
Epioblasma triquetra Snuffbox G3 S1 LE (2012-03) LE (1987-10)
Fusconaia cor Shiny Pigtoe G1 S1 LE (1976-06) LE (1987-01)
= Fusconaia edgariana
Fusconaia cuneolus Fine-rayed Pigtoe G1 S1 LE (1976-06) LE (1987-01)
Fusconaia masoni Atlantic Pigtoe G1 S2 LT (2021-12) LT (1987-01)
= Lexingtonia subplana
Fusconaia subrotunda Longsolid G3 S3 PT (2020-09)
Hemistena lata Cracking Pearlymussel G1 S1 LE (1989-09) LE (1987-01)
= Lastena lata

Animals of Virginia

Lasmigona holstonia Tennessee Heelsplitter G3 S1 LE (1992-01)
Lasmigona subviridis Green Floater G3 S2 LT (2006-07)
Lemiox rimosus Birdwing Pearlymussel G1 S1 LE (1976-06) LE (1987-01)
= Conradilla caelata
Leptodea fragilis Fragile Papershell G5 S1 LT (not avail.)
Ligumia recta Black Sandshell G4G5 S2 LT (1987-01)
Margaritifera monodonta Spectaclecase G3 S1 LE (2012-04) LE (1992-01)
= Cumberlandia monodonta
Parvaspina collina James Spinymussel G1 S1 LE (1988-08) LE (1987-10)
= Pleurobema collina
Pegias fabula Little-winged Pearlymussel G1 S1 LE (1988-11) LE (1987-10)
Plethobasus cyphyus Sheepnose G3 S1 LE (2012-04) LE (2013-02)
Pleurobema cordatum Ohio Pigtoe G4 S1 LE (1992-01)
Pleurobema plenum Rough Pigtoe G1 SH LE (1987-04) LE (1987-01)
Pleurobema rubrum Pyramid Pigtoe G2G3 SH PT (2021-09) LE (1992-01)
= Pleurobema pyramidatum
Pleuronaia dolabelloides Slabside Pearlymussel G2 S2 LE (2013-10) LE (2013-10)
= Lexingtonia dolabelloides
Ptychobranchus subtentus Fluted Kidneyshell G2 S2 LE (2013-10) LE (2013-10)
Theliderma cylindrica Rabbitsfoot G3G4 S2 LE (1997-01) LE (1997-01)
= Quadrula cylindrica
Theliderma intermedia Cumberland Monkeyface G1 S1 LE (1976-06) LE (1987-01)
= Quadrula intermedia
Theliderma sparsa Appalachian Monkeyface G1 S1 LE (1976-06) LE (1987-01)
= Quadrula sparsa
Toxolasma lividum Purple Liliput G3 SH LE (1992-01)
= Carunculina glans
= Carunculina lividus
Tritogonia verrucosa Pistolgrip G4G5 S2 LT (2007-07)
= Quadrula verrucosa
Truncilla truncata Deertoe G5 S1 LE (1992-01)
Venustaconcha trabalis Tennessee Bean G1 S1 LE (1976-06) LE (1987-01)
= Villosa perpurpurea
= Villosa trabalis

Spiders
Microhexura montivaga Spruce-fir moss spider G2 S1 LE (1995-02)
Apheloria whiteheadi Laurel Creek Xystodesmid G1 S1 LT (not avail.)
Millipede

Animals of Virginia

= Sigmoria whiteheadi
Pseudotremia cavernarum Ellett Valley Pseudotremia G2G3 S1 LT (not avail.)
Millipede

Amphipods
Stygobromus stegerorum Madison Cave Amphipod G1 S1 LT (not avail.)
Isopods
Antrolana lira Madison Cave Isopod G2G4 S2 LT (1982-10) LT (not avail.)
Lirceus usdagalun Lee County Cave Isopod G1 S1 LE (1992-11) LE (not avail.)
Decapods
Cambarus callainus Big Sandy Crayfish G2 S1S2 LT (2016-04) LT (2016-10)
= Cambarus veteranus (in part)

INSECTS

Puto kosztarabi Buffalo Mountain Mealybug G1 S1 LE (2004-02)
Sigara depressa Virginia Piedmont Water Boatman G1G2 S1S2 LE (2004-02)
Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis Northeastern Beach Tiger Beetle G3G4T2 S2 LT (1990-08) LT (2004-02)
= Habroscelimorpha dorsalis dorsalis

Nicrophorus americanus American Burying Beetle G3 SH LT (2020-10)
Pseudanophthalmus holsingeri Holsinger's Cave Beetle G1 S1 LE (2004-02)
Pseudanophthalmus parvicollis Hupps Hill Cave Beetle G1 S1 PE (2019-07)
Pseudanophthalmus thomasi Thomas' Cave Beetle G1G2 S1 LE (2013-12)

Butterflies
Neonympha mitchellii Mitchell's satyr G2 S1 LE (1992-05) LE (2004-02)
Skippers
Pyrgus centaureae wyandot Appalachian Grizzled Skipper G5T1T2 S1 LT (2004-02)
= Pyrgus wyandot

Bombus affinis Rusty-patched Bumblebee G2 S1 LE (2017-03) PE (2019-07)

APPENDIX 2. Extinct and Extirpated Animals of Virginia

VERTEBRATES
FISH
Moxostoma lacerum Harelip Sucker GX SX
= Lagochila lacera
Percopsis omiscomaycus Trout-perch G5 SX
BIRDS
Conuropsis carolinensis Carolina Parakeet GX SX
Ectopistes migratorius Passenger Pigeon GX SX
Vermivora bachmanii Bachman's Warbler GX SX LE (1970-06) LE (not avail.)
MAMMALS
Bos bison Bison G4 SX
= Bison bison
Canis lupus Gray (=eastern timber) Wolf G5 SX LE (not avail.)
= Canis lycaon
Canis rufus Red Wolf G1Q SX LE (1967-03)
Cervus elaphus Wapiti or Elk G5 SX
= Cervus canadensis
The last record of a native elk in Virginia was from 1855. Small numbers of reintroduced elk from eastern Kentucky have
moved into far southwestern Virginia in recent years andare currently considered a game species by the Virginia
Department of Wildlife Resources, which has initiated a reintroduction program in that portion of the state
Lepus americanus Snowshoe Hare G5 SX LE (1992-01)
Puma concolor couguar Eastern Cougar (= mountain lion, G5TXQ SX LE (1987-01)

puma)
= Felis concolor couguar

APPENDIX 2. Extinct and Extirpated Animals of Virginia

INVERTEBRATES

Epioblasma arcaeformis Sugarspoon GX SX
Epioblasma florentina Yellow-blossom Pearlymussel GX SX
Epioblasma gubernaculum Green Blossom GX SX LE (1976-06) LE (1987-01)
Epioblasma haysiana Acornshell GX SX
Epioblasma lenior Narrow Catspaw GX SX
Epioblasma lewisii Forkshell GX SX
Epioblasma stewardsonii Cumberland Leafshell GX SX
Lampsilis abrupta Pink Mucket G1G2 SX LE (1976-06) LE (1987-01)
= Lampsilis orbiculata
Villosa fabalis Rayed Bean G2 SX LE (2012-03) LE (not avail.)
INSECTS

Butterflies
Phyciodes batesii batesii Tawny Crescent G5T1 SX
Skippers
Hesperia attalus slossonae Dotted Skipper G3G4T3 SX

Rare Species Sighting Form
Please print this form and mail it to: (or click here for a digital version)
Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation

Division of Natural Heritage
600 East Main Street; 24th Floor
Richmond, VA 23219
(804) 786-7951
Species Name: ________________________________________________________________
Date Observed: _______________________________________________________________
County: _____________________________________________________________________
USGS Quadrangle Name (if known): _____________________________________________
Location: (Provide a detailed description. Include a topographic map showing the location or
sketch a map on the back of this form): _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Habitat Description: (Include associated species, elevation, natural features, natural community
type, etc.) ____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(DCR 199-002) (12/00)

Population Data: (Include data such as number of individuals, age, size, spatial distribution,
evidence of reproduction) ________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Owner: ______________________________________________________________________
Threats or evidence of Disturbance: ______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Protection Information: (Under present conditions, will this population maintain itself over a
long period of time? Why or why not?) ______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Reported By: _________________________________________________________________

Address: _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Phone: _______________________________________________________________________
E-Mail: ______________________________________________________________________
Date: ________________________________________________________________________
(DCR 199-002) (12/00) 2

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NATURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES OF VIRGINIA:

Published: June 2022

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND RECREATION

This report should be cited as:

Amphibians and Reptiles

Gastropoda and Bivalvia

Column 3. Global rank:

Ranka Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birdsb Mammals Invertebrates

Summary of animals by federal and state legal status

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Global State Federal State

BIVALVIA (Mussels & Clams)

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Global State Federal State

BIVALVIA (Mussels & Clams)

ANNELIDA (Segmented Worms)

ARACHNIDA (Spiders, Pseudoscorpions & Relatives)

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Global State Federal State

ARACHNIDA (Spiders, Pseudoscorpions & Relatives)

CRUSTACEA (Amphipods, Isopods, Decapods & Branchiopods)

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Global State Federal State

CRUSTACEA (Amphipods, Isopods, Decapods & Branchiopods)

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Global State Federal State

CRUSTACEA (Amphipods, Isopods, Decapods & Branchiopods)

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CRUSTACEA (Amphipods, Isopods, Decapods & Branchiopods)

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ODONATA (Damselflies & Dragonflies)

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