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    Atishaya Kumar Saksham
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    Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is a fuel produced by shredding and dehydrating solid waste (MSW) with a Waste converter technology. RDF consists largely of combustible components of municipal waste such as plastics and biodegradable waste. RDF processing facilities are normally located near a source of MSW and, while an optional combustion facility is normally close to the processing facility, it may also be located at a remote location.

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    Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is a fuel produced by shredding and dehydrating solid waste (MSW) with a Waste converter technology. RDF consists largely of combustible components of municipal waste such as plastics and biodegradable waste. RDF processing facilities are normally located near a source of MSW and, while an optional combustion facility is normally close to the processing facility, it may also be located at a remote location.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1K views25 pages

    Refuse Derived Fuel

    Uploaded by

    Atishaya Kumar Saksham
    Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is a fuel produced by shredding and dehydrating solid waste (MSW) with a Waste converter technology. RDF consists largely of combustible components of municipal waste such as plastics and biodegradable waste. RDF processing facilities are normally located near a source of MSW and, while an optional combustion facility is normally close to the processing facility, it may also be located at a remote location.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 25

    Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)

    Deriving energy out of Waste

    Contents
    1. Introduction
    1.1
    1.2

    Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)


    Refuse Derived Waste (RDF)

    2. RDF Production Process


    3. RDF Potential from MSW
    4. General Composition of RDF In India
    6. Advantages of RDF
    7. Potential Use of RDF In Industry
    8. Various Aspects of Processing & Treatment Of MSW for
    obtaining RDF

    8.1
    8.2
    8.3
    8.4

    Technical Aspects
    Financial Aspects
    Managerial Aspects
    Environmental Aspects

    9. Legal Framework For RDF Production & Utilization

    1.1 Introduction: Municipal Solid Waste


    It consists of everyday items that are discarded by the
    public.
    It can be everyday items that we use and then throw
    away, such as product packaging, grass clippings,
    furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers,
    appliances, paint, and batteries.
    It does not include industrial wastes, agricultural wastes,
    medical waste, radioactive waste or sewage sludge.

    1.1 Introduction: Municipal Solid Waste

    1.1 Introduction: Municipal Solid Waste


    According to Central Pollution Control Board in India during
    2011-12:
    Total MSW generated = 1, 27,486 TPD (Tons per day)
    Total MSW collected = 89,334 TPD (70.00%)
    Total MSW processed = 15,881 TPD (12.45%)
    Av. waste generation =
    0.11 kg/capita/day

    1.1 Introduction: Municipal Solid Waste

    1.1 Introduction: Municipal Solid Waste

    1.2 Introduction: Refuse Derived Waste


    It refers to the high calorific non-recyclable fraction of
    processed municipal solid waste which is used as a fuel
    for either steam/ electricity generation or as alternate fuel
    in industrial furnaces/boilers.
    It is produced by shredding and dehydrating solid waste
    (MSW) with a Waste converter technology.

    2. RDF Production Process

    3. RDF Potential from MSW


    RDF quantity and composition is determined by the
    nature of the waste and extent of material
    recovery/recycling processes implemented by the city.
    The quantity of RDF that can be produced per tonne of
    MSW varies depending on the type of collection,
    preprocessing and composition of waste source.

    4. General Composition of RDF In India


    RDF typically consists of dry fraction of MSW including
    paper, textile, rags, leather, rubber, non-recyclable
    plastic, jute, multi-layer packaging, and other compound
    packaging, cellophane, thermocol, melamine, coconut
    shells and other high calorific fractions of MSW.
    The composition and resultant energy content of RDF
    varies according to the origin of waste material and the
    sorting/separation/processing processes being adopted
    in the processing facility.

    4. General Composition Of RDF In India


    The suitability of RDF for use as a fuel is dependent on
    certain critical parameters of the constituent waste.
    calorific value,
    water content,
    ash content,
    sulphur, and
    chlorine content.

    5. Utilization of RDF
    RDF may be utilized in the following manner:
    co-processing in cement kilns;
    co-combustion in coal fired power plants;
    on-site/off site in an appropriately designed waste
    incinerator for thermal recovery or power generation

    5. Utilization of RDF

    6. Advantages of RDF
    It has higher calorific value than mixed solid waste.
    It has low ash content.
    It has uniform size and more homogenous nature as
    waste is shredded.
    It requires the smaller size of combustion system.

    7. Potential Use of RDF In Industry


    The relative uniformity of properties and higher quality of
    RDF as compared to mixed MSW has led in the past to a
    preference for RDF in some applications.
    RDF can serve as a feedstock for different thermal
    systems, e.g. MSW incineration, pyrolysis and
    gasification.
    In keeping with the present state of technology, RDF can
    also be fired in the moving grate furnace or in an
    appropriate boiler equipped with a grate system.

    8. Various Aspects of Processing &


    Treatment Of MSW for obtaining RDF
    8.1 Technical Aspects
    8.2 Financial Aspects
    8.3 Managerial Aspects
    8.4 Environmental Aspects

    8.1 Technical Aspects: Processing &


    Treatment Of MSW for obtaining RDF
    Criteria

    RDF

    Integrated System
    (Composting + RDF)
    Facility Location
    Plant should be located at least Plant should be located at least
    500 m away from residential 500 m away from residential
    areas.
    areas.
    Land Requirement
    Low to Moderate (For 300 TPD of Low (For 300 TPD of MSW: 6 ha
    MSW: 2 ha of land is required)
    of land is required)
    Waste
    Quantity 100 TPD and above
    500
    TPD
    and
    above
    which can
    (economically sustainable at
    be managed by a
    500
    single
    TPD plant size)
    facility
    Technology
    Quality of RDF should be based Technology is proven and widely
    Maturity
    on end use, no clear consensus used world over but not suitable
    on quality
    under Indian conditions where
    requirements. Burning of RDF waste has very low calorific
    below
    value. Can be used selectively
    850C for less than 2 seconds after raising calorific value of
    residence time can pose serious segregated waste.
    problems
    of
    health
    and
    environment. Rules regulating
    characteristics of RDF
    and guidelines for appropriate
    use not

    8.2 Financial Aspects: Processing &


    Treatment Of MSW for obtaining RDF
    Criteria

    RDF

    Indicative
    Capital Investment
    Market
    for
    Byproduct/
    End
    Product

    (Typically 18- 20 Cr for 500 TPD


    plant)
    Good market potential for RDF.
    In small cities, RDF plants only
    become feeders of RDF to large
    RDF based power plants and
    cement plants.

    Integrated System
    (Composting + RDF)
    (Typically 80-90 Cr for 500 TPD
    plant)
    Quality compost compliant with
    FCO
    2009 has a good market. Good
    market potential for RDF. In
    small cities, RDF
    plants only become feeders of
    RDF to
    large RDF based power plants
    and
    cement plants.

    8.3 Managerial Aspects: Processing &


    Treatment Of MSW for obtaining RDF
    Criteria
    Labour
    Requirement

    RDF
    Labour intensive
    current practice)

    (based

    Predominant skills Skilled & Semiskilled labour


    for Operation and
    Management

    Integrated System
    (Composting + RDF)
    on Not labour intensive but requires
    considerable technical capacity,
    Highly skilled labour

    8.4 Environmental Aspects: Processing &


    Treatment Of MSW for obtaining RDF
    Criteria
    Atmospheric
    pollution

    Other

    RDF
    Low
    to
    Moderate
    (Dust,
    aerosols). Very
    high if RDF is not burnt at
    required temperature. Odour
    issues
    Presence
    of
    inappropriate
    material in the RDF (chlorinated
    plastics). Fire and safety issues
    to be taken care of.

    Integrated System
    (Composting + RDF)
    Moderate, require appropriate
    emission control systems (Air
    emission
    include acid gases, dioxins and
    furans)
    Presence
    of
    inappropriate
    material in the RDF (chlorinated
    plastics). Fire and safety issues
    to be taken care of.

    9. Legal Framework For RDF Production &


    Utilization
    Currently, the MSW Management & Handling Rules 2000
    is the only available legal guidance for MSW incineration.
    There are no binding legal definitions which specify the
    composition of RDF, conditions of use or environmental
    monitoring requirements for RDF incineration.

    My Open Day Presentation on RDF

    Sterling Engine running on Bio-Briquettes made Leaves,


    Paper, Saw-dust and Organic waste.

    References
    Municipal Solid Waste Management Manual, may 2014.
    Diaz, L.F. and G.M. Savage, Pretreatment Options for
    Waste-to-Energy Facilities, Solid Waste Management:
    Thermal Treatment & Waste-to-Energy Technologies,
    VIP-53, proceedings of International Technologies
    Conference, Washington, DC, USA, April 1995, Air &
    Waste Management Association, 1996.
    Refuse-derived fuel, Wikipedia.
    Municipal solid waste, Wikipedia.

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