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  • Database Management Systems: Unit 4 - Parallel DBMS

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    This document discusses parallel database management systems. It defines a parallel DBMS as a system that seeks to improve performance by parallelizing operations such as loading data, building indexes, and evaluating queries. It describes several types of parallelism that can be utilized in a parallel DBMS, including intraquery, interquery, intraoperation, and interoperation parallelism. It also outlines different architectures for parallel DBMS, such as shared memory, shared disk, and shared nothing architectures.

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    Parallel DBMS

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    This document discusses parallel database management systems. It defines a parallel DBMS as a system that seeks to improve performance by parallelizing operations such as loading data, building indexes, and evaluating queries. It describes several types of parallelism that can be utilized in a parallel DBMS, including intraquery, interquery, intraoperation, and interoperation parallelism. It also outlines different architectures for parallel DBMS, such as shared memory, shared disk, and shared nothing architectures.

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    1K views14 pages

    Database Management Systems: Unit 4 - Parallel DBMS

    Uploaded by

    klington
    This document discusses parallel database management systems. It defines a parallel DBMS as a system that seeks to improve performance by parallelizing operations such as loading data, building indexes, and evaluating queries. It describes several types of parallelism that can be utilized in a parallel DBMS, including intraquery, interquery, intraoperation, and interoperation parallelism. It also outlines different architectures for parallel DBMS, such as shared memory, shared disk, and shared nothing architectures.

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    of 14

    Database Management Systems

    Unit 4 – Parallel DBMS

    George Klington.A 1
    What is a Parallel Database?

    A database system which seeks to improve


    performance by parallelizing its operations, such
    as loading data, building indexes, and evaluating
    queries.

    George Klington.A 2
    Parallel Database Management Systems

     Why parallel DBMS?

     Architecture

     Parallelism

    – Intraquery parallelism
    – Interquery parallelism
    – Intraoperation parallelism
    – Interoperation parallelism

    George Klington.A 3
    Performance of a database system

     Throughput: the number of tasks finished in a given time interval


     Response time: the amount of time to finish a single task from
    the time it is submitted
    Can we do better given more resources (CPU, disk, …)?
    Parallel DBMS: exploring parallelism
     Divide a big problem into many smaller ones to be solved in parallel
     improve performance
    parallel DBMS Traditional DBMS
    interconnection network query answer

    P P P DBMS

    M M M
    DB
    DB George Klington.A
    DB 4
    DB
    Why parallel DBMS?

     Improve performance:
    Almost died 15 years ago; with renewed interests because
    – Extremely large databases -- data collected from the Web
    – Decision support queries -- costly on large data
    – Hardware have become cheap
    – Set-oriented nature of relational DB: paralization
     Improve reliability and availability: when one processor goes
    down

    George Klington.A 5
    Shared Memory Architecture

    Processors

    Interconnection Network

    Globally Shared Memory

    Data Storage

    George Klington.A 6
    Shared Disk Architecture

    Memory

    Processors

    Interconnection Network

    Data Storage

    George Klington.A 7
    Shared Nothing Architecture

    Interconnection Network

    Processors Best architecture for large


    systems

    Memory
    Provides linear speed up

    Data
    Storage Provides linear scale up

    George Klington.A 8
    parallelism

     Pipeline parallelism: the output of operation A is consumed


    by another operation B, before A has produced the entire
    output

     Data Partitioned parallelism: many machines performing


    the same operation on different pieces of data
    – Intraquery, interquery, intraoperation, interoperation

    George Klington.A 9
    Data Partitioning…

    Round-robin partitioning
    •Efficient for queries that access the entire set
    of data

    Range partitioning
    •Can lead to data skew

    Hash partitioning
    •Data is evenly distributed

    George Klington.A 10
    Interquery vs. Intraquery parallelism

     interquery: different queries or transactions execute in parallel

     Intraquery: a single query in parallel on multiple processors


    – Interoperation: operator tree
    – Intraoperation: parallelize the same operation on different
    sets of the same relations
    • Parallel sorting
    • Parallel join
    • Selection, projection, aggregation

    George Klington.A 11
    Intraoperation parallelism -- loading/projection

    A R, where R is partitioned across n processors


     Read tuples of R at all processors involved, in parallel
     Conduct projection on tuples
     Merge local results
    – Duplicate elimination: via sorting

    George Klington.A 12
    interoperation parallelism

    Execute different operations in a single query in parallel


    Consider R1 R2 R3 R4
     Pipelined:
    – temp1  R1 R2
    – temp2  R3 temp1
    – result  R4 temp2
     Independent:
    – temp1  R1 R2
    – temp2  R3 R4
    – result  temp1 temp2 -- pipelining

    George Klington.A 13
    Thank You !!!

    George Klington.A 14

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