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  • Wattless Current

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    Bhuvaneshwari Baskaran
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    Wattless current refers to current in an AC circuit where the average power consumed is zero. It occurs in purely inductive or capacitive circuits where the current and voltage are out of phase. In an inductive circuit, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees while in a capacitive circuit the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. This results in the power being equal to zero since power is calculated as the product of voltage, current, and the cosine of their phase difference.

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    WATTLESS CURRENT

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    Wattless current refers to current in an AC circuit where the average power consumed is zero. It occurs in purely inductive or capacitive circuits where the current and voltage are out of phase. In an inductive circuit, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees while in a capacitive circuit the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. This results in the power being equal to zero since power is calculated as the product of voltage, current, and the cosine of their phase difference.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    36 views18 pages

    Wattless Current

    Uploaded by

    Bhuvaneshwari Baskaran
    Wattless current refers to current in an AC circuit where the average power consumed is zero. It occurs in purely inductive or capacitive circuits where the current and voltage are out of phase. In an inductive circuit, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees while in a capacitive circuit the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. This results in the power being equal to zero since power is calculated as the product of voltage, current, and the cosine of their phase difference.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 18

    WATTLESS CURRENT

    DEFINITION
    • Watt less current in an A.C circuit is when the
    average power consumed in a circuit
    corresponds to zero.
    pav  I rmsVrms cos   0
    pav  IrmsVrms cos  0

    • It is also called idle current.


    • It happens in a purely inductive and capacitive
    circuit
    PHASOR DIAGRAM
    • Phasors are rotating vectors
    • Its length is equal to peak value of oscillation
    • The angular speed is equal to the angular
    frequency of oscillation
    PHASE DIFFERENCE
    • Phase difference is the
    difference in phase angle
    between two sinusoids or
    phasors
    • The quantity that attains the peak value
    first-leading quantity later-lagging quantity
    - leading quantity
    - lagging quantity
    RESISTIVE CIRCUIT
    • Consider a resistor R connected to a A.C
    source
    • The alternating voltage is v  V m sin  t
    The potential drop across R VR  iR
    v  VR  0
    Vm sin t  iR
    Vm Vm
    i sin t [  Im ]
    R R

    i  I m sin t

    The phase difference is 0 .


    The current and voltage are in phase.
    PHASOR DIAGRAM FOR RESISTIVE CIRCUIT

    Vm
    Im

    - Voltage
    - current
    INDUCTIVE CIRCUIT
    • Consider a circuit containing an inductor L
    connected to a A.C source
    • The alternating voltage is v  V m sin  t
    • The induced emf is
    di
      L
    dt
    v   0
    di
    Vm sin t  [ L ]
    dt
    Vm
    di  sin t.dt
    L
    Vm
    i
    L  sin t.dt

    Vm
    i ( cos t )
    L


    i  I m sin(t  )
    2


    2 
    • The phase difference is .
    2
    • The current lags the voltage by
    PHASOR DIAGRAM FOR A INDUCTIVE
    CIRCUIT

    Vm

    Im
    CAPACITIVE CIRCUIT
    • Consider a capacitor C connected to a A.C
    source
    • The alternating voltage is v  V m sin  t
    The charge on the capacitor is q and the emf
    across the capacitor is q/c
    q q
    v 0 v 
    c c

    q
    Vm sin t 
    c

    dq
    q  cVm sin t i  cVm cos t
    dt

    Vm 
    i sin(  t  )
    1 / c 2
    PHASOR DIAGRAM FOR CAPACITIVE CIRCUIT

    • Current leads the voltage by
    2

    Im

    Vm
    -Voltage -current
    • For a resistive circuit ,
      0, cos  1
    Pav  VRMSI RMS cos
    Pav  VRMSI RMS

    • For a capacitive and inductive circuit,



       , cos  0
    2
    Pav  VRMS I RMS cos  0
    • Consider a circuit where the voltage leads the
    current by 
    Vrms Vrms

    I rms cos

     I rms I rms

    I rms sin 
    • The component of the current in phase with
    voltage is the active component
    • The power consumed = VRMS I RMS cos 
    • This is called wattful current
    • The component

    of the current that has a phase
    angle of 2 is called reactive component.
    • The power consumed is zero
    • This is called wattless current.
    THANK YOU

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