Clean energy technology

CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
180502011
GARGI ASODARIYA
M.Sc. SEM 3
EVS SCI SESD
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF GUJARAT

CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
• Clean energy
technology refers to
use of a technology
that can reduce
carbon emissions
and other harmful
pollutants to the
minimum possible
level while
generating the
maximum amount
of energy.

Why we need clean energy?
• The industrial revolution, which
started a couple of hundred years
ago, produced all sorts of
technology that made an
ENORMOUS impact on people's
lives.
• Evidence is showing that burning
oil and coal is contributing to
global warming. So we need new
clean energy ideas to keep up with
our demand for electricity without
damaging our environment.
• In the future energy will come from
a range of sources, combining the
old with lots of new, clean
energies.

Why we need clean energy?
• Most of our electricity comes from power stations that use fossil
fuels like coal and oil.
• The power stations burn the fossil fuels to make our electricity and
in that process a lot of greenhouse gas is made, including carbon
dioxide and methane. This is why they are called dirty sources of
energy.
• It is the greenhouse gases that are causing the Earth's atmosphere
to warm. It is understood that this will cause more extreme
weather, the spread of diseases and threaten the habitat of all living
things.
• We have already found ways to tap into the energy of the sun,
wind, waves and water, amongst other things.
• These sources of energy produce only very small amounts of
greenhouse gas once operating, if any at all - now that's clean!
• They are also renewable which means they can be used over and
over again.

Clean development mechanism
• The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as explained
by Soanes et al. (2016) is one of the flexible mechanisms
of the Kyoto Protocol, started with the setup of the
Executive Board in November 2001 and registered the first
CDM project in November 2004.
• The CDM focuses on two objectives, which is the
reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) and contribution to
the sustainable development (SD) of the host country.
Sustainable development in the CDM means that projects
have to be implemented in a sustainable manner as to
avoid negative environmental, social, and economic
impacts (The Gold Standard, 2003).

Sustainable development goals and
sustainable energy
• UNCSD-17 SDGs 19 July 2014.
• Goal 7 on energy aims at “ensuring
access to affordable, reliable,
sustainable, and modern energy for
all”. The three sub-goals listed under
energy include:
• Goal 7.1: By 2030 ensure universal access
to affordable, reliable, and modern
energy services.
• Goal 7.2: Increase substantially the share
of renewable energy in the global
energy mix by 2030.
• Goal 7.3: Double the global rate of
improvement in energy efficiency by
2030.

3S (source-system-service) route to
sustainability.
1. SOURCE : As we start developing a clean
solution, it is important to select a clean
energy source.
• There are of course several criteria to
consider, such as abundance, local availability,
cost effectiveness,reliability, safety, and
environmental friendliness.
• Most promising sources appear to be
renewables.

sustainability.
2. SYSTEM : When it comes to specific systems, it is
necessary to investigate irreversibilities, energy and
energy efficiencies. Furthermore, one can study system
by considering the following critical steps.
• Process improvement: minimizing consumption while
maximizing the amount of desired output.
• Efficiency increase: identifying and improving
units/components/streams causing inefficiencies.
• System integration: more reliable operation and higher
output rates.
• Multigeneration: increasing the number of desired
outputs by using the same input.

sustainability.
3. SERVICE : When it comes to the service step,
which can be considered as the application
step, it is equally important to minimize
losses, irreversibilities, wastes, and so on, and
recovering useful commodities, such as heat
to materials.

FOSSIL
FUELS.
Important routes for clean energy from fossil fuel
Energy production through conventional route
(combustion)
(Higher emissions and environmental effects)
Energy production through cleaner route
(Lesser emissions and environmental effects)
Modification of conventional
techniques
• Feedstock cleaning
• Process and design
modification (heavy crude
processing)
• Introduction of treatment
system
Introduction of newer
techniques
• Gasification
• Oxy fuel combustion
• Chemical looping
• Direct liquiefaction
• Visbreaking, delayed coking
• Solvent deasphalting
• Reforming and DME

Moving towards a clean energy world

Advanced clean electric power
technologies
• Wind power: Develop integrated multiscale models of
atmospheric flow through turbines, models and technologies
for grid integration, offshore wind turbine technologies, and
scaled up on-shore systems for both low and high wind speed
regimes.
• Biopower : Advance biopower technologies, including
biomass gasification and biomass systems coupled with CCS.
• Solar (photovoltaic and concentrating solar power): Reduce
solar PV and CSP manufacturing and capital costs, reduce PV
soft costs, improve grid integration—including with storage
solutions, and identify and develop new PV materials and
devices, particularly with abundant and environmentally-
benign materials

technologies
• Carbon capture and storage (CCS): Demonstrate second
generation pilots, demonstrate retrofit of existing plants
with CCS, demonstrate CCS technologies on industrial
and natural gas sources, and develop a database
characterizing storage options.
• Nuclear power: Advance light water reactors, small
modular reactors, high-temperature reactors, fast-
reactors, fuel cycle technology, and hybrid systems.
• Hydropower: Advance materials and turbine designs,
with an emphasis on modular systems and systems with
reduced footprints.

technologies
• Geothermal energy: Improve the
characterization of geothermal resources,
technologies for controlling fracture networks
and improving subsurface access, and advance
hybrid systems.
• Fuel cells: Reduce component and system costs,
address gas cleanup, and advance modeling and
simulation
• Marine hydrokinetic power: Develop advanced
controls, design compact generators, and address
corrosion and biofouling.

SOLAR ENERGY
• This energy form utilizes technologies that tap
the nuclear fusion power emitted by the sun.
• The energy is then collected and converted for
use in various ways such as solar water heating
and solar electrical energy among others.
• Various technologies used for harnessing solar
energy include solar collectors, photovoltaic
cells and solar attic fans among others.

WIND ENERGY
• Wind is one of the most underutilized energy
resource in the world today.
• However, it is gradually gaining popularity as an
alternative and clean source of energy.
• Primarily, wind results from the sun’s warming of the
air that in turns creates disparities in the
temperatures at the earth surfaces leading to
atmospheric movements.
• Wind energy has been in use for centuries especially
in powering windmills used to pump water and mill
wheat.

WATER ENERGY
• Where are several ways through which energy can be
harnessed from water.
• The common ways include collecting energy from
moving water (hydropower), waves, tides and ocean
thermals among others.
• Hydropower entails the energy derived from moving
water and which makes the largest share of renewable
electricity in the US.
• On the other hand, tidal and wave energy are two
areas that are yet to be fully developed although they
are considered to harbor very huge potential for the
production of clean energy.

Other forms of Energy
• Geothermal energy– this taps into the energy
found in reservoirs of hot water and steam
found beneath the earth surface.
• Biogas energy– this entails the conversion of
animal waste into clean gas that can be used
for heat and electricity generation.

EXAMPLES OF CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

ROOFTOP SOLAR PANELS
• This is probably the most
common and obvious method,
if you're looking into
renewable power. Solar panels
typically go on roof, although
it can also install in yard.
• Depending on altitude and the
orientation of the panels, it
could generate 10 or more
watts per square foot.
• A typical house consumes at
least a kilowatt of power, so a
few square feet of solar panels
should be enough to power
most or all of your needs.

WIND TURBINES
• Wind turbines are most
commonly found in
windfarms or floating
offshore, but if you have
enough real estate you
can install a small wind
turbine .
• Wind power is more stable
than solar, and a good-sized
wind turbine can easily
generate most or all of
electricity needs.
• Depending on area, wind
might be a better renewable
investment than solar..

SOLAR OVEN
• Solar ovens work by
trapping sunlight to
heat food.
• Solar ovens have
several advantages, in
that they heat food for
free, and they work
even during a power
outage or emergency.
• You'll never have to
have a cold meal due to
a lack of power.

HYDRO POWER
• Find the largest vertical
distance the water will travel,
and divert that water so it
flows through a turbine in a
controlled manner.
• Depending on the amount of
water and vertical distance, it
produce a substantial
amount of power this way.
• Unlike solar and wind, hydro
is stable and continuous.

SOLAR WATER HEATING
• Solar water heaters use
the sun to heat a
reserve of water, which
can then be pumped
through radiators or
out faucets or
showerheads.
• This system is much
cheaper than using gas
or electricity to heat
your water, and is
easier to install than
solar panels.

SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING
• Solar air conditioning
uses the same
principles of the
solar water heater,
but uses that hot
water in an air
conditioning system.
• Hot water produced
for air conditioning
can also be used for
other applications in
home.

POWER WALL
• The Powerwall is a large
rechargeable battery that can
store several kilowatt-hours of
electricity. On its own, it can be
programmed to charge itself from
the grid when electricity prices are
low, and discharge when prices are
high, to save you money during
peak hours.
• However, the Powerwall is best
used in combination with a source
of renewable energy generation
like solar or wind power. The
Powerwall can store excess
electricity that you don't use right
away, so you can always use
renewable solar or wind energy
even when the sun is down or the
wind's not blowing.

Clean Energy Benefit the Economy
• Energy Security : Clean energy provides
reliable power supplies and fuel
diversification, which enhance energy
security and lower risk of fuel spills while
reducing the need for imported
fuels. Renewable energy also helps
conserve the nation's natural resources.

• Economic Development : Clean energy
industry is more labor intensive than its
fossil fuel counterpart, meaning on
average greater job creation. The
industry also creates positive ripple
effects down to the renewable energy
supply chain and unrelated businesses
due to increased household incomes.

• Price Stability : Clean energy sources such as
wind, solar, hydro and geothermal do not
entail fuel costs or require transportation,
and therefore offer greater price stability. In
fact, some electric utilities factor this into
their retail electricity prices, exempting
customers that buy renewables from certain
fuel-related charges.

CONCLUSION
• Clean energy technology refers to any process,
product or service that reduces negative
environmental impacts through significant energy
efficiency improvements, sustainable use of
resources or environmental protection activities
• Clean energy technologies also endure economic
growth by enhancing the supply of energy demand
and tackling environmental challenges and their
impacts due to the use of other conventional
sources of energy. This course is aimed at
disseminating knowledge on the various aspects of
clean energy technology.

REFERENCES
• https://www.buycleanenergy.org/why
• https://pin.it/7wmhr4zo4ziqj6
• https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/whatgreepower
• https://visual.ly/community/infographic/environment/5-
major-types-renewable-energy-resources
• http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications
• https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/g282
5/7-ways-to-power-your-home-with-renewable-energy/
• https://www.lankabusinessonline.com/biomass-energy-
terminal-to-be-inaugurated-in-homagama/
• https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/03/f34/qtr-
2015-chapter11.pdf

Clean energy technology

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