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THE MARINE DECAPOD CRUSTACEA OF CALIFORNIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE DECAPOD CRUSTACEA COLLECTED BY THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF FISHERIES STEAMER "ALBATROSS" IN CONNECTION WITH THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY DURING THE YEARS 1912-1913 (PUBLISHED BY PERMISSION OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AND OF THE UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES) BY WALDO L. SCHMITT
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS IN ZOOLOGY Vol. 23, pp. 1-470, plates 1-50, 165 figures in text Issued May 21, 1921 *.% *r R:«J .V*
CONTENTS PAGE I. Introduction .*. 9 II. Explanation of terms and measurements 13 III. Systematic discussion of the California representatives of the Order Decapoda '. 18 Suborder Natantia 18 Tribe Peneides 19 Family Sergestidae 19 Genus Sergestes... 19 Sergestes similis..., ^ 19 Sergestes sp 20 Family Peneidae 20 Genus Peneus .: 21 Peneus brevirostris 21 Genus Benthesicymus 22 Benthesicymus altus 22 tanneri 23 Genus Gennadas ' 23 Gennadas borealis 24 pectinatus 25 Tribe Carides 26 Family Pasiphaeidae 27 Genus Pasiphaea 27 Pasiphaea magna 28 pacifica 29 emarginata 30 corteziana 30 affinis ' 31 Genus Parapasiphae 31 Parapasiphae serrata 31 Family Oplophoridae 32 Genus Acanthephyra 32 Acanthephyra curtirostris 33 Genus Hymenodora 33 Hymenodora frontalis 34 Family Palaemonidae 34 Genus Palaemon 35 Palaemon ritteri 35 Genus Palaemonetes 36 Palaemonetes hiltoni 36 Genus Urocaris 37 Urocaris infraspinis 37 Family Pontoniidae 37 Genus Pontonia 38 Pontonia californiensis 38 Genus Periclimenes. 39 Periclimenes tenuipes 39
University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 PAGE Family Pandalidae 40' Genus Pandalus :...' 40' Pandalus jordani : 41 montagui tridens 42 platyceros •. 43 danae 44 gurneyi 46 Genus Pandalopsis 46 Pandalopsis ampla '.. 46 Family Hippolytidae 47 Genus Hippolyte 47 Hippolyte califomiensis 48 Genus Hippolysmata 49 Hippolysmata californica 49 Genus Spirontocaris 50 Spirontocaris prionota 52 lamellicornis 53 bispinosa v 54 snyderi 54 sica 55 washingtoniana 55 affinis 56 lagunae 57 flexa 58 gracilis :....... 59 franciscana, 60 decora 61 carinata 62 kincaidi 63 layi 63 paludicola 64 palpator 65 brevirostris 66 taylori 67 picta 68 cristata 69 . brachydactyla 72 macrophthalma 72 Family Crangonidae 73 Genus Crangon 74 Crangon dentipes 74 bellimanus 75 barbara 76 califomiensis 76 equidactylus ' 76 Genus Synalpheus 77 Synalpheus lockingtoni 77 Genus Betaeus 79 Betaeus harfordi 79 longidactylus 80 Family Lysmatidae 80 Genus Processa 81 Processa canaliculata.... 81
1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 3 PAGE Family Cragonidae. ' 81 Genus Crago 82 Crago nigricauda 84 nigromaculata 86 alaskensis elongata 88 alba 89 holmesi 90 stylirostris 90 franciscorum 92 communis 95 resima 96 abyssorum 97 munita • 98 acclivis : 98 variabilis 99 spinosissima 100 lomae , 100 munitella 101 Genus Nectocrangon 102 Nectocrangon californiensis 102 Genus Paracrangon 103 Paracrangon echinata 103 Suborder Reptantia 104 Tribe Palinura 105 Family Eryontidae 105 Genus Eryonicus 105 Eryonicus agassizi ........: 105 Family Palinuridae 107 Genus Panulirus 107 Panulirus interruptus 108 Tribe Anomura 109 Family Axiidae 110 Genus Axiopsis 110 Axiopsis spinulicauda I l l Genus Calastacus 112 Calastacus investigatoris 112 quinqueseriatus •.. 113 Family Callianassidae 114 Genus Upogebia 115 Upogebia pugettensis... ' 115 Genus Callianassa 116 Callianassa californiensis 117 longimana 117 gigas 119 affinis 119 goniophthalma 121 Family Paguridae 121 Genus Paguristes 122 Paguristes turgidus. 123 parvus : 124 bakeri 124 ulreyi 125
4 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 PAGE Genus Dardanus 126 Dardanus jordani 126 Genus Holopagurus 127 Holopagurus pilosus 127 Genus Pagurus 130 Pagurus ochotensis '...• 130 capillatus 132 tanneri 133 beringanus 135 setosus 136 hirsutiusculus 137 samuelis 139 granosimanus 141 hemphillii 142 californiensis 143 Genus Pylopagurus : 143 Pylopagurus minimus 144 holmesi 144 Genus Parapagurus 145 Parapagurus mertensii 146 Family Lithodidae • . 146 Genus Hapalogaster 148 Hapalogaster cavicauda 149 grebnitzkii 150 Genus Oedignathus 150 Oedignathus inermis 151 Genus Acantholithodes 152 Acantholithodes hispidus 152 Genus Phyllolithodes 153 Phyllolithodes papillosus 153 Genus Cryptolithodes 154 Cryptolithodes typicus 154 sitchensis 155 Genus Lopholithodes 155 Lopholithodes mandtii 156 foraminatus 157 Genus Rhmolithodes 157 Rhmolithodes wosnessenskii 158 Genus Paralomis 158 Paralomis multispina... 159 verrilli 159 Genus Paralithodes 160 Paralithodes rathbuni 160 californiensis 161 Genus Lithodes 161 Lithodes couesi 162 Family Galatheidae 162 Genus Pleuroncodes 163 Pleuroncodes planipes 163 Genus Galathea 163 Galathea californiensis 164
1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 5 PAGE Genus Munida .' 164 Munida quadrispina 165 hispida 166 Genus Munidopsis 167 Munidopsis hystrix 168 verrilli 169 quadrata .'. 170 aspera.. 171 Family Albuneidae 171 . Genus Blepharipoda 172 Blepharipoda occidentalis. 172 Genus Lepidopa 172 Lepidopa myops 172 Family Hippidae 173 Genus Emerita 173 Emerita analoga , 173 Family Porcellanidae 174 Genus Pachycheles 175 Pachycheles rudis 176 holosericus 177 pubescens 177 Genus Petrolisthes 178 Petrolisthes cinctipes 179 eriomerus 180 gracilis.. 181 rathbunae 181 Tribe Brachyura..... 182 Subtribe Dromiacea 182 Family Dromiidae 183 Genus Dromidia 183 Dromidia larraburei : 183 Family Homolidae 183 Genus Homola 184 Homola faxoni 184 Subtribe Oxystomata 185 Family Dorippidae... 185 Genus Cyclodorippe 186 Cyclodorippe plana 186 Family Leucosiidae 187 Genus Randallia 187 Randallia ornata 188 bulligera : 189 Family Calappidae 190 Genus Mursia 190 Mursia gaudichaudii 190 . - Subtribe Brachygnatha 191 Superfamily Oxyrhyncha 191 Family Parthenopidae 191 Genus Heterocrypta 191 Heterocrypta occidentalis 192 Family Inachidae 192 Genus Podochela 195 Podochela hemphillii 195
University of California Publications in Zoology tVoL - 23 PAGE Genus Anasimus. 196 Anasimus spinosus 196 Genus Oregonia 198 Oregonia gracilis 198 Genus Inachoides... ". : 199 Inachoides tuberculatus :.. 199 Genus Epialtus 200 Epialtus productus 201 nuttallii , ;... 202 bituberculatus 203 Genus Mimulus 204 Mimulus foliatus 204 Genus Pugettia. 205 Pugettia gracilis 206 richii 207 dalli 208 Genus Chorilia 208 Chorilia longipes 209 Genus Chionoecetes 209 Chionoecetes tanneri... 210 Genus Pelia 210 Pelia tumida 211 clausa 211 Genus Loxorhynchus 212 Loxorhynchus grandis 212 crispatus 213 Genus Scyra 213 Scyra acutifrons 214 Genus Herbstia 215 Herbstia parvifrons 215 Superfamily Brachyrhyncha 216 Family Cancridae 217 Genus Cancer 217 Cancer productus 220 amphioetus 223 antennarius 224 gibbosulus 226 anthonyi 227 jordani 228 magister 229 gracilis 232 oregonensis 234 Family Atelecyclidae.. 234 Genus Telmessus 235 Telmessus cheiragonus... 235 Family Portunidae 236 Genus Callinectes... 236 Callinectes bellicosus 236 Genus Portunus 237 Portunus xantusii 237 Family Xanthidae 238 Genus Cycloxanthops 239
1921] .Scfomitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 7 PAGE Cycloxanthops novemdentatus 239 rugosus 240 Genus Lophopanopeus 240 Lophopanopeus bellus 241 frontalis.... 242 heathii 243 leucomanus 243 lockingtoni 244 diegensis 245 Genus Xanthias 245 Xanthias taylori 246 latimanus 247 Genus Pilumnus 247 Pilumnus spinohirsutus 247 Genus Heteractaea 248 Heteractaea lunata 248 Family Goneplacidae 248 Genus Speocarcinus 248 Speocarcinus californiensis 249 Family Pinnotheridae 249 Genus Pinnotheres 250 Pinnotheres holmesi 251 nudus 252 concharum 252 Genus Fabia 253 Fabia subquadrata 253 lowei 254 canfieldi 254 Genus Parapinnixa 255 Parapinnixa affinis '. 255 Genus Pinnixa 255 Pinnixa longipes 257 tomentosa 258 faba ..... 259 littoralis 260 barnharti 261 occidentalis 262 franciscana 263 schmitti 264 hiatus 265 tubicola 265 weymouthi 266 Genus Scleroplax 267 Scleroplax granulata .., 267 Genus Opisthopus 268 Opisthopus transversus 268 ^Family Grapsidae 269 Genus Pachygrapsus 269 Pachygrapsus crassipes 270 transversus 271 Genus Planes... 272 Planes minutus 272
8 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. PAGE Genus Hemigrapsus 272 Hemigrapsus nudus 273 oregonensis '.. 274 Genus Grapsodius 276 Grapsodius eximius 276 Family Ocypodidae : 277 Genus Ocypode 277 Ocypode gaudichaudii 278 Genus Uca 278 Uca crenulata 279 musica 280 IV. Distribution, "Geographical" and "Biological Survey San Francisco Bay" 281 V. Postscript 301 VI. Literature : '. 302 VII. Appendix I, Distributional list of the marine decapod Crustacea of Cali- fornia 310 VIII. Appendix II, A. List of species taken at "Albatross" dredging stations during the years 1912 and 1913 323 B. List of species taken at "Albatross" hydrographic stations during the years 1912 and 1913 342 C. 1. Shore collections during the year 1912 352 2. Shore collections during the year 1913 352 D. Miscellaneous collections 353 IX. Appendix III, List of correlated "Albatross" dredging and hydrographic stations of the years 1912 and 1913 354 X. Explanation of Plates 360 Index 459
1921] Schmitt: The Mari/ne Decapod Crustacea of California 9 I. INTRODUCTION The United States fisheries steamer "Albatross" was commissioned in October, 1911, by the Bureau of Fisheries, to make a biological survey of San Francisco Bay. The operations were directed by a board consisting of Dr. F. B. Sumner, naturalist, Professor C. A. Kofoid, of the University of California, and Commander G. H. Bur- rage, U.S.N., succeeded by Lieutenant-Commander H. B. Soule: U.S.N. The field work began on January 30, 1912, and continued until April 7, 1913, when the last dredge haul was made. That portion of the results of this survey dealing with the physical conditions within San Francisco Bay has been published in a joint paper by Dr. F. B. Sumner, Dr. G. D. Louderback, Mr. W. L. Schmitt, and Mr. E. C. Johnston (1914). Discussions and detailed data are given regarding the temperature, salinity, depth of the water, and the character of the bottom for the various stations occupied by the '' Albatross.'' These data serve as the basis for ecological studies now being made of the different groups of marine organisms obtained during the survey. The fact that much of the literature dealing with the California decapods, is to be found only in older publications, now out of print and in a large measure inaccessible to the average student, and that the more recent and very excellent works covering the region under discussion are either limited in circulation and consequently difficult to obtain or are very restricted in scope, prompted the expansion of this report upon^the decapod Crustacea collected by the "Albatross" in the course of this survey of'San Francisco Bay into a handbook of the marine decapod Crustacea of California. In all 220 (-f-1, Sergestes sp. ?) valid species are known or reported from California waters. The vast majority belong to the so-called littoral, or continental shelf fauna; only thirty-six (-f- 1 ?) are strictly deep sea, or abyssal forms, known only from depths exceed- ing 100 fathoms. The minimum depth from which the latter are known is indicated in all specific keys, thus distinguishing them from the forms with littoral records for which the California range limits are given. Eleven species appear to be new, not heretofore described: Qennadas pectinatus, Palaemonetes hiltowi, Spirontocaris lagunae,
"mj 10 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL, 23 fci Spirontocaris francisoana, Crago lomae, Pachycheles holosericus, Pet- rolisthes ratKbunae, Paguristes ulreyi, Dardanus jordani, Pylopagurus holmesi, and Homola faxoni. The forty-seven species taken in the course of the biological survey of San Francisco Bay are, following the systematic treatment of each, more or less fully discussed from the point of view of their distribution and habitat within the region covered by the survey. With the exception of five obtained only at shore stations, TJpogebia pugettensis, Emerita analogs, Oedignathus inermis, Petrolisfhes cinctipes, and Pachygrapsus crassipes, and three from miscellaneous collections, Acantholithodes hispidus, Uandallia ornata, and Oregonia gracilis, these forty-seven species were taken at 133 (89%) of the 150 dredging stations, and 152 (50%) of the 305 hydrographic stations at which collecting apparatus was employed. • These stations are distributed as follows: 1 ! Or? •m Regions of Number of stations at which the bay collecting apparatus (for limitations was employed ' seep. 323) , ^ ^ Dredging Hydrographic Upper 22 80 Middle 73 109 Lower 38 107 Outside 17 9 Total 150 305 Number of stations at which decapods were taken Dredging 22 66 28 17 133 Hydrographic 37 43 72 152 A summarized discussion of the distribution of the bay fauna together with a few remarks on the geographical distribution of the California decapods in general concludes this paper. These remarks are confined to littoral records only, for aside from the fact that the deep sea fauna, as a rule, is more or less cosmopolitan in its distri- bution our knowledge of that occurring off California is too incom- plete at the present time to permit of more than a mere listing, which is included in appendix I. Beside this distributional list of all the California decapods, found in appendix I, there are two other appen- dices, which, however, deal only with the survey data. All extensions of range recorded are based on material contained in the collections of the U. S. National Museum. After figures indicative of salinity the expression per mille (°/oo) is to be understood. With the exception of those designated U.S.N.M., obtained through the courtesy of the U. S. National Museum, the line drawings, both copies of figures already published as well as the several original
1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 11 drawings, are the work of my wife, Alvina S. Schmitt. The photo- graphs, from which all plates not otherwise credited were made, are the work of Mr. John Howard Paine. Although no bibliography in the strict sense has been attempted,, the literature listed includes not only works cited in the text, but also a number of useful papers collaterally consulted. In the con- densed synonymy under each species, in addition to the citation of the original description, reference is made to all authors from whose works plates, figures, or extracts have been taken, and, wherever possible, to the three most recent and comprehensive works on Cali- .fornia Crustacea, a very able paper by Weymouth (1910) on the crabs of Monterey Bay, and those landmarks, as it were, of California carcinology by Holmes (1900) and Rathbun (1904a). From Weymouth I have taken many valuable color notes, several figures, and the greater part of his keys to the adult and juvenile specimens of the genus Cancer and the genera of the family Inachidae.. To the works of Holmes and Eathbun, however, my greatest debt of gratitude is due, for it is largely from them, as the reader will readily see, that the present paper has been compiled. The very comprehensive descriptions of Holmes have been freely drawn upon for many of the specific characterizations, as well as for the con- struction of several otherwise impossible keys for species I have not seen or was unable to examine. His excellent illustrations, for the greater part, have been reproduced. In form and systematic arrangement I follow Miss Rathbun in the main, and from her monograph (1904a) the keys and characters for the species of Pmiphaea, Pandalus, Spirontocaris, Crago, and Callianassa have been taken practically intact. Her classificatory keys, published in the American Naturalist (1900) were found very useful, especially in connection with the genera of the Inachidae and the Xanthidae. From her recent monograph on the Grapsoid Crabs of America (1918) considerable material relating to the family Pinno- theridae has been taken and a number of plates have been reproduced (plates 40 to 50 of the present paper). Furthermore, to Miss Rathbun personally I owe much for numer- ous helpful and valuable suggestions, and for the use of certain of her manuscript notes, particularly those dealing with the genera Randallia and Pinnixa. Acknowledgments are also due to Alcock, Bouvier, Borradaile, Caiman, Ortmann, Smith and Weldon, from whose treatises the
12 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 classification of the higher groups of Crustacea has been drawn; to Dr. Paul Bartsch, Dr. J. E. Benedict and Mr. Austin H. Clark of the U. S. National Museum; to Dr. F. B. Sumner of the Scripps Institu- tion, naturalist of the "Albatross" during the period covered by the survey; to Dr. C. A. Kofoid of the University of California, under whose supervision this report took its inception, and Dr. S. J. Holmes of the same institution, under whose direction it has been completed, as well as to the Bureau of Fisheries and the U. S. National Museum for facilities so freely furnished in the way of study collections and literature. The author realizes that this paper leaves much to be desired, but hopes that more thorough collecting and more intensive study will be encouraged thereby which will lead to a fuller knowledge of the Pacific Coast representatives of these interesting, and in many cases economically important forms. Transmitted April, 1916.
1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 13 II. EXPLANATION OF TEEMS AND MEASUEEMENTS The Decapoda are that order of Crustacea in which the carapace fuses dorsally with all the thoracic somites and in which the three anterior pairs of thoracic appendages are turned forward to act as maxillipeds, or foot-jaws. Their gills are contained within a special branchial chamber on each side of the thorax but underneath the cara- pace. The order Decapoda includes the forms commonly known as crabs, shrimps, prawns, crayfish, lobsters, and hermit crabs. The typical decapod crustacean is divided into three major body regions, head, thorax and abdomen, the first two of which are coalesced, and are dorsally covered by a common, unjointed, cephalo-thoracic shield, the carapace. Typically there are nineteen pairs of append- ages, a pair to each of the nineteen true somites into which the body is divided, grouped as follows: I. The Head, composed of five indistinguishably fused somites, cov- ered by the anterior portion of the carapace, and carrying the first five pairs of appendages: 1. The first pair of appendages are the antennules, or first antennae as they are sometimes known. 2. The second pair of appendages are the antennae. 3. The third, the mandibles, or jaws proper. 4 and 5. The fourth and fifth pairs are the first and second pairs of maxillae, or accessory jaws. In view of their development the eyes have not been con- sidered true appendages here. Whether they are or not is a much mooted question (cf. Caiman, 1909, p. 9). II. The Thorax, composed of eight somites which are dorsally fused with and also covered by the carapace, and which carry the next eight pairs of appendages: 6, 7 and 8. The first three pairs of thoracic appendages are the first, the second, and the third, or outer, external, pair of maxillipeds, foot-jaws. 9. The fourth pair of thoracic appendages is the first of the five pairs of legs from which this order of the Crustacea derives its name. The legs of this first pair are usually chelate, though they may be either subchelate or simple,
14 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 both or one only. When chelate or subchelate they are known as chelipeds. In the Brachyura, or true crabs, they are always chelate. When simple they are more properly called ambulatory legs. 10, 11, 12 and 13. The next four pairs of thoracic appendages are the second, third, fourth, and fifth pairs of legs. They may be either simple, chelate or subchelate, all or in part only. Although usually spoken of as the first, second, third and fourth pairs of ambulatory legs (ex- cept when the first legs, no. 9 above, are simple and included in the total number of ambulatory legs), strictly speaking only the simple pairs are ambulatory in the true sense of the word. In the Brachyura these four pairs of appendages are frequently designated simply as the first, second, third or fourth pairs of legs, in contradistinction to the chelipeds (no. 9, above). This nomenclature, however, has not been adopted in the characterizations of the species listed in this paper. All mention of gills and branchial formulae has been purposely omitted as they are more or less difficult for the beginner or average student; only for the specialist have they peculiar interest. III. The Abdomen, composed of six true somites, or segments, and a terminal joint, or segment, the telson, a flattened usually pointed tail-piece which never bears appendages and is not considered a true somite. 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18. The first five pairs of abdominal appen- dages are the pleopods, or " swimmerets," as they are sometimes called. The first one or two pairs in the males of some forms are variously modified to serve as acces- sory sexual organs; one or more, or all of the pleopods may be reduced, rudimentary, or wanting. 19. The last pair of abdominal appendages are the uropods and when present they constitute together with the tel- son the so-called "tail-fan." The following seven diagrammatic figures give a graphic exposition of the parts, appendages, and body regions of typical decapod crus- taceans :
R o s t r u m - W n 3 t n m e a s u r e d t o posterior m a r g i n of o r b i t .arapa.ce Eye- Cornea I ^Frontal regmrT - Supraorbital .spine A b d o m e n - s o m i t e s or" segments M Z , ,, r - , . ^ r ..„_ ' C a r d i a c sTaik'vJ Orbital r +• • • ' * region - — — - J ^ ^ region^* t i a s t n c r e j o n _ . . . — - • fVritennal scale (acicle) ^ v ^ c l e . . . : : ^ ^ S u b - o r b i T a l ipine , ' ; V ^ ^ P i n e ^ ' ^ A n t e n n o l spine X ^ ' f i n N - " ' reg.on , r ^- Y . . - x „ i - ••••-•itr&'-B.— r . - ' - * i - - - v . B r a n c h i a l A n t e n n a J y-^>^^^^^^'f^ r e a i o n »* -^ Is rTeryaostomian .tpinp ...._»A ' S^ e C> 53 ^ &H L~J • • ' /o'-Cy J CHeliped.-' / o a C ^ W ;(First lea) A ^ X <-l SubchelaTe 1 o-S / H '•.hand or / o a f / . . y j chela/a!" ^ - / r v E ^ X •./—Movable : 4 /j/ •••' S r ' ^r lit /|F PleoVa of , h e Q b ''>>/ r ^ Ischium v (lacViiopodite^ Merus (Meropodite) Carpus (Carpopodite) Propodus (Propodite) P l e o p c W s (5wimmerets) ' D a c t y l us ( Dactyl o p o d i t e ) Telson O Ambulatory or w a l K i n a leas
16 University of California} Publications in Zoology ["VOL. 23 Fig. 2. Cross-section of a typical somite Fig. 3. Typical macruran mandible, (adapted from Caiman). . propodlTe. dactylopodiTe I carpopodiTe cndopodite < proTopodiTfe exopodiTe I basipodtTe mlJ coxopodiTe l epipod'ite Fig. 4. Typical third maxilliped of a macruran decapod (adapted from Caiman). idactylopodite. "] ipropodiTe. I palpof mcuilliped lopodiTeJ endoanoth (endopodite) ipodi' proTopodiTe Fig. 5. Typical third maxilliped of a brachyuran (crab-like) decapod (adapted from Brooks). Cervical groove Branchio -cardiac oroove Fig. 6. Dorsal view showing regions on a brachyuran carapace (adapted from Pearson).
1921] Schrndtt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 17 Fig. 7. Ventral view of anterior part of body of a brachyuran decapod. The roof of the buccal cavity is known as the endostome or palate. Measurements.—Length is always measured on the median line from the anterior to the posterior margin. The length of the rostrum is measured from the line connecting, in shrimps, the posterior, and in crabs the upper margins of the orbits. "The length of segments is measured on the upper or anterior margin. The length of the whole cheliped or leg is measured on the lower margin from the articulation of the coxa with the sternum to the tip of the dactylus. The length of the immovable finger is measured from the tip to,the extremity of the sinus between the fingers." (Rathbun, 1918, p. 8.) Width of carapace, and of segments of the chelipeds and legs is measured at the widest part. "The fronto-orbital width is measured from the outer angle of one orbit to the outer angle of the other." In crabs "the width of the rostrum is measured at its posterior end." (Op. cit., p. 8.)
18 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 III. SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION OF THE CALIFORNIA REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ORDER DECAPODA K E Y TO THE SUBORDERS OF THE DECAPODA I. .Body almost always laterally compressed (macrurous, shrimp-like). First abdominal segment not much smaller than the rest. First antennae usually having a scale at base; second antennae with scale generally large and lamellar. Legs usually slender except sometimes a stout chelate limb or pair, which may be any one of. the first three pairs, with basipodite and ischiopodite never coalesced, and only one fixed point in the carpo-propodal articulation. Male genital apertures in the articular membrane between the coxopodites of the last (fifth) pair of legs, and the body; female genital apertures on the coxopodites of the third pair of legs, (except in one genus, Leucifer, not represented'in California fauna; the sex of ovigenous females is self-evident). Pleopods always present in full number, well developed, and used for swimming. Natantia, p. 18. II. Body not well compressed, usually depressed (anomurous, hermit-crab-like, or brachyurous, crab-like, rarely macrurous, shrimp-like). First abdominal segment distinctly smaller than the rest. First antennae without a scale; second antennae, scale generally small or absent. Legs strong, first pair usually stouter than their fellows, others never so, basipodite and ischio- podite almost always coalesced in the first pair and generally in the others; two fixed points in the carpo-propodal articulation. Male genital apertures on the coxopodites of the last (fifth) pair of legs or on the sternum of the corresponding somite; female genital apertures on the coxopodites of the third pair of legs or on the sternum of the corresponding somite (the sex of ovigerous females is self-evident). Pleopods often reduced or absent, rarely used for swimming. Reptantia, p. 104. SUBORDER NATANTIA . - K E Y TO THE TRIBES OF THE NATANTIA I. Pleura of second abdominal segment overlap those of first; abdomen generally with sharp bend. Third legs not chelate. Carides, p. 26. II. Pleura of first abdominal segment not overlapped by those of second; abdomen without sharp bend. Third legs chelate. A. Legs of third pair not stouter than those of first two pairs. Peneicles, p. 19. B. One or both legs of third pair longer and much stouter than those of first two pairs. (No representatives of this group found in the region cov- ered by this paper.) Stenopides.
1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 19 Tribe PENEIDES K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA FAMILIES OF THE PENEIDES I. Last two pairs of legs well developed. . Peneidae, p. 20. II. Last one or two pairs of legs reduced in size, rudimentary or wanting. Sergestidae, p. 19. Family SERGESTIDAE Eostrum very small or wanting. Antennules with two flagella, one long and one short, rudimentary one which in the male is frequently furnished with a small tertiary branch. Mandibles with cutting edge smooth, and palp of two segments. First pair of legs simple, second and third pairs minutely chelate, legs increasing in length from first to third pairs; fourth and fifth pairs simple, reduced in size and number of segments. Genus Sergestes Milne Edwards Body long and slender, integument membranaceous. Eostrum very short. Antennules without a scale on inner edge; of the two antennular flagella, one is very long and the other very short, the short one in the male bifurcating to form a prehensile apparatus. Mandibular palp long, thin, and narrowly foliaceous. No exopodites on any of the thoracic appendages except the first maxillipeds. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA SPECIES OF SERGESTES I. Eostrum spiniform. Cornea larger than eye-stalk. (Known: only from 145 + fathoms.) similis, p. 19. II. Eostrum lobiform. Cornea no larger than eye-stalk. (Known only from 417 fathoms.) sp. indet., p. 20. Sergestes similis Hansen Plate 12, figure 7 Sergestes atlanticus Bate, "Challenger" Eept. Zool., 24, Macrura, p. 389, 1888 (part: specimen from station 232). Sergestes similis Hansen, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 60, pi. 11, figs. 6a-Qd, 1903. Sergestes atlanticus Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 145, 1904 (part: only specimens taken by the "Albatross"), not S. atlanticus Milne Edwards. Eig. /8: Sergestes similis, a, dorsal view of anterior end, X 5; 6, lateral view of rostrum, X 12 (after Hansen).
20 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL.23 Characters.—Eostrum nearly oblong-triangular, with a distinct upward trend, tip acute. Anterior margin of carapace below the rostrum strongly convex and protruding; supraocular and hepatic spines well developed; gastro-hepatic groove distinct. Corneae large, broader than deep, scarcely as long as broad. First joint of antennular peduncle considerably longer than the third, outer margin as long as the same margin of the two distal joints together; second joint rather slender and scarcely longer than the slender third joint. Antennal scale moderately broad at the end, with spine projecting beyond the terminal margin. Third maxillipeds scarcely longer than the third legs. Sixth segment of abdomen twice as long as deep; about as long as, or slightly longer than fourth and fifth together. Dimensions.—Type: length 54 mm.; of largest specimen measured by Miss Eathbun 52 mm.; average about 40 mm. Type Locality.—Off Japan, 345 fathoms ("Challenger" station 232, lat. 35° 11' N, long. 139° 28' E ) . Distribution.—Also taken by the "Albatross" from off Destruction Island, Washington, to the Gulf of California, northwest of Tiburon Island, 145 to 2228 fathoms. The depth for one station (4468) in Monterey Bay is recorded as 51-309-32 fathoms. Sergestes sp. indet. Sergestes sp. indet., Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 146, 1904. " A single mutilated female Sergestes, without maxillipeds or trunk-legs, was dredged by the 'Albatross' in 417 fathoms off San Diego, California, station 2928. It resembles S. mollis Smith [Eept. U. S. Commissioner Fisheries for 1882, pp. 419-421]. Body stout; length about 38 mm. The rostrum and anterior outline are as in that species. There is a minute hepatic spine. A strong ridge runs from the anterior margin at the outer edge of the eye-stalk backward to the posterior margin; the front part of the ridge is higher up than in S. mollis; at its middle the ridge gives off a weaker branch directed obliquely downward and backward, and then backward to the posterior margin. Gastro-cardiac groove deep; cervical groove present. Eyes a little shorter than in S. mollis, reaching % the length of the first antennular segment; cornea brown. Antennular peduncle rather stout, first joint the longest, 1% times the second joint; second and third subequal; notch in outer side of first segment very slight. Antennal scales broken off. Abdomen as in S. mollis. Telson broken off. No hairs visible on outer margin of outer uropod." (Eathbun.) Family PENEIDAE Eostrum usually well developed, sometimes short and elevated, laterally com- pressed, often toothed. Antennules with two flagella; basal joint of peduncle dorsally concave for the eye, and strengthened at the base, on outer side, by a spine-like scale. Mandibles with incisor process, and palp of one or two segments. First three pairs of legs similar, chelate, and slender, increasing in length from before backward; remaining two pairs well developed, simple. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA GENERA OF THE PENEIDAE I. Eostrum toothed above and below. Inner border of first segment of antennular peduncle with a twisted setose scale. (Not known north of San Francisco Bay.) Peneus, p. 21.
1921] Sckmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 21 II. Eostrum if armed, toothed above only. Setose scale on inner border of first segment of antennular peduncle wanting or quite rudimentary. A. Endopodites of second maxillipeds of the usual subpediform shape. (Known only from*331+ fathoms.) Benthesicymus, p. 22. B. Endopodites of second maxillipeds with merus thin, broad, and compressed, expanded into a thin, oval leaf-like process, or lamina, completely con- cealing the next three joints when flexed. (Known only from 266 + fathoms.) , Gennadas, p. 23. Genus Peneus Weber Eostrum well developed, toothed above and below. Outer edge of basal joint of antennular peduncle produced anteriorly into a spine; inner edge, proximally, with a conspicuous, twisted, setose scale; antennular flagella shorter than the cara- pace. Mandibular palp large and broadly foliaeeous, two jointed, second joint vastly larger than the first. Exopodites on all or all but the last pair of legs. Peneus brevirostris Kingsley Peneus brevirostris Kingsley, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 30, 98, 1878. Penaeus calif orniensis Holmes, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 7, 218, pi. 4, figs. 64-69, 1900. Penaeus brevirostris Eathbun, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 4, 287, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 146, 1904. Fig. 9. Peneus brevirostris; a, hand and carpus of first pair of legs; b, hand and carpus of second pair; c, hand and carpus of third pair; d, lateral view of carapace; e, lateral view of abdomen (after Holmes).
22 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 Characters.—Eostrum exceeding eyes, but falling short of antennular peduncle; above ciliate and armed with nine to ten teeth, below with two small teeth near depressed tip.; rostrum continued backward as a carina, nearly to posterior margin of carapace and suleate posterior to last tooth. Carapace with sulcus parallel to and on each side of dorsal carina, continued forward from posterior extremity of dorsal carina onto lateral ridges of rostrum; outer margins of sulci more promi- nent near last rostral tooth and distinctly flared outward. Telson acute, deeply suleate above, and devoid of lateral spines or spinules; greatly exceeded by the uropods. Dimensions.—Length 42 mm., carapace 10 mm., rostrum 5 mm. (Kingsley). Of specimen examined by Holmes, length from tip of rostrum to tip of telson 182 mm.; carapace, including rostrum, 41 mm.; rostrum 24 mm. Type Locality.—Estero at Eealijo-, west coast Nicaragua (salt water). Distribution.—San Francisco Bay, California to Panama; Galapagos Islands. To a depth of 5 1 % fathoms (Eathbun). Genus Benthesicymus Bate Eostrum short, elevated, compressed; if armed, toothed above only. Outer edge of basal joint of antennular peduncle armed with one or two spines; no scale on inner edge; antennular flagella longer than the carapace. Mandibular palp foliaceous, two-jointed, second joint narrower and shorter than the first. Exopodites of second maxillipeds much longer than endopodites; endopodites subpediform with last three joints more or less flexed on the merus. Exopodites on all the legs decreasing in size posteriorly until they become rudimentary on the last pair of legs. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA SPECIES OF BENTHESICYMUS I. Median carina of fifth and sixth abdominal segments terminating posteriorly in a small acute tooth. tannen, p. 23. II. Fifth and sixth abdominal segments devoid of teeth; posterior margin of sixth segment raised to form a peculiar transverse ridge. altus, p. 22. Benthesicymus altus Bate Plate 11, figure 2 Benthesicymus altus Bate, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5), 8, 191, 1881; "-Chal- • lenger" Eept., Zool., 24, Macrura, p. 336, pi. 58, fig. 1, 1888; Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 18, 203, 1895. Characters.—Eostrum short, compressed, apex styliform, crest thin and armed with two teeth, continued back as a carina as far as the cervical groove, posterior to which the dorsal surface is smooth and rounded; last three abdominal segments much compressed, the fourth but slightly carmated, more so on the posterior half than anteriorly, the sixth segment with a small but decided carina, which fades out before it reaches the transversely elevated posterior margin. Dimensions.—Type, female: length 120 mm. Type Locality.—Between Australia and New Guinea, 1400 fathoms (''Chal- lenger" station 184). v Distribution.—South Pacific; Philippines; Japan; South Atlantic, off Tristan da Cunha; 500 to 1900 fathoms (Bate). Gulf of Panama; west coast of Central
1921] Schm/itt: The Mwine Decapod Crustacea of California 23 America; Galapagos Islands; 1360 to 2232 fathoms (Faxon). Off San Nicolas Island, California; 1350 to 2182 fathoms ("Albatross" station 4390). Remarks.—In Bate's figure of this species there appears to be a small spine on the side of the carapace although none is mentioned in his description. In the "Albatross" specimens there is no spine at this place (Faxon). Benthesicymus tanneri Faxon Benthesicymus tanneri Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 24, 215, 1893; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 18, 205, pi. H, 1895; Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 147, 1904. Fig. 10. Benthesicymus tanneri, <$, lateral view of carapace, X % (after. Faxon). Characters.—Eostrum short, acute, laterally compressed, raised above the orbit into a crest, which is armed with two slender, acute teeth; rostral crest continued backward as a sharp keel on the median line of the carapace, as far as the cervical groove, behind which it is obsolescent. First three abdominal segments of the abdomen are thick, rounded, and devoid of dorsal carina, or tooth; the fourth faintly carinate but not toothed; the fifth and sixth distinctly carinate and armed with a small, acute posterior tooth; telson short, convex above, and armed with three pairs of lateral spinules. Dimensions.—Type: length 112 mm.; length of carapace 44.5 mm.; of rostrum 8 mm. Color.—When alive deep red, with a large patch of bright blue on the back of the second, third, and fourth abdominal segments; eyes black (Faxon). Type Locality.-—Gulf of California, 905 fathoms ("Albatross" station 3436). Distribution.—From off San Diego, California, to Ecuador; Galapagos Islands; 331 to 1322 fathoms (Eathbun). "Remarks.—-This species is very similar to B. altus, and regarding it Faxon says: " I n this species the carina on the fifth and sixth abdominal segments terminates posteriorly in a small acute tooth, whereas in the preceding species, B. altus, these segments are destitute of teeth, the posterior margin of the sixth rising to form a peculiar transverse ridge." Genus Gennadas .Bate Very similar to Benthesicymus. Exopodites of second maxillipeds only about as long as endopodites, which have a thin, broad, expanded oval merus, beneath which the three terminal joints are concealed when flexed. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA SPECIES OP GENNADAS I. Eostrum armed with a single tooth; dorsal carina distinct nearly to posterior margin of carapace. borealis, p. 24. II. Eostrum armed with two slender, acute teeth; dorsal carina fading out before reaching cervical groove. pectinatus, p. 25.
24 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 Gennadus borealis Rathbun Gennadus borealis Eathbun, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 887, 1902; H. A. E., o d a b Fig. 11. Gennadas borealis; a, lateral view of carapace, 5, X 2; b, thelyeum, X 5; o, petasma, X 5; d, foot of first pair, J1 , X 3 (Eathbun, U. S, N. M.). Characters.—Eostrum reaching at least half way along the eye-stalk, some- times to the cornea, armed with a single tooth; carina very distinct nearly to the posterior margin of the carapace, but sharpest in front of the cervical groove; a sharp marginal spine at the angle of the antero-lateral sinus. Eyes light brown, globular, having a speck of black pigment near their base on the outer margin of the stalk; tubercle large and acute. Antennal scale extends beyond the anten- nular peduncle by about the length of the last segment of the peduncle.' Chelae of first pair of feet narrow and elongate, as in the succeeding pairs. Thelycumi consisting of a horizontal, convex, subtriangular plate, or tubercle, placed between the third pair of legs, followed by two transverse plates'between the fourth and fifth pairs. The anterior of these two plates is subquadrilateral, narrowest in front; the posterior plate is somewhat fan-shaped, narrow behind, its anterior margin rounding and with a blunt median point. The andricum or petasma2 consists of a pair of small leaves not in contact, each of which is attached at its proximal end; at extremities of distal margin are two lobes or teeth, the outer of which is curved; the inner portion is partially folded to form an irregular longitudinal plate. Exopodites of first abdominal appendages not so long as the carapace; between the bases of these appendages is a sharp spine, equally developed in both sexes. Sixth abdominal somite carinate, more than twice as long as fifth; telson with a small lateral spine at its posterior fourth, two spines at tip. Dimensions'.—Type, male: length of carapace and rostrum 13.6 mm., of abdomen on middle line 29 mm.; female: length of carapace and rostrum 18 mm., of abdomen on middle line 37 mm. Type Locality.—Off Copper Island, Kamchatka, 1567 fathoms ("Albatross" station 3783). Distribution.—Also taken by the "Albatross" from north of Eat Islands, Aleutians, to off South Coronado Island, Lower California, 266 to 2182 fathoms. Remarks.—Very near G. parvus Bate, but differs in the longer rostrum, the presence of a lateral spine on the telson, the greater length of the antennal scale, the elongated chelae of the first pair of feet, and the different form of the thelyeum and andricum or petasma (Eathbun). i An accessory reproductive structure on the ventral surface of the cephalo- thorax peculiar to the female. 2 A membranous accessory reproductive structure attached to the first pair of pleopods of the male.
1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 25 Gennadas pectinatus, sp. nov. Plate 11, figure 1 Fig. 12. Gennadas pectinatus; thelycum. Description.—Rostrum slightly ascending, with a styliform apex, and armed above with two slender teeth, of which the posterior is situated just above the posterior margin of the orbit and the anterior just behind the middle of the rostrum; the rostrum exceeds the eyes by one-half the length of that portion lying anterior to the anterior dorsal spine; dorsal carina continued backward as far as the cervical groove, behind which the dorsal surface of the carapace is smooth and rounded; at the antero-lateral sinus is a sharp marginal spine. Byes apparently devoid of pigment; tubercle on inner angle of somewhat flattened eyestalk, small and blunt. Spine of antennal scale falls short of the extremity of the blade by nearly the width of the blade at the end of the spine; antennular peduncle reaching a little beyond middle of antennal scale. Endopodites of external or third maxillipeds broken off. Palm and fingers of first pair of chelipeds subequal in length; of the second pair the palm is about four-fifths the length of the fingers. Thelycum as figured (fig. 12), a hastate, medially carinated plate between the bases of the fourth pair of legs, a curved spine between the third pair, and a more or less rectangular pubescent area between the last pair of legs. Exopodites of first abdominal appendages as long as distance from tip of rostrum to posterior margin of first abdominal segment, including carapace; between the bases of these appendages there is a thickened triangular plate with a blunt, forwardly-direeted apex. Fifth and sixth abdominal segments carinated, carina of fifth ending in a small, sharp spine, which projects beyond the posterior margin of the segment. Sixth segment more than twice as long as the fifth, with posterior end partly broken away; it may have ended in a spine like the fifth. There is a small spine at the postero-ventral angle of the sixth segment, and a large one at the postero-dorsal angle of the epimeron of the fifth. Fourth abdom- inal segment armed on the posterior margin with a peculiar comb-like structure, a series of pectinations beginning with a few denticles just above the epimeron, which increase in size and become spine-like toward the median line, forming there quite conspicuous teeth which in the type specimen are as much as one and one-half millimeters long. Outer blade of uropods exceeding the inner by about one-third of their length; telson with four pairs of lateral spines, tip broken. Dimensions.—Type, female: length of carapace and rostrum 41 mm., of abdo- men to extremity of broken telson 74 mm. Type Locality.—Known only from a single female specimen (Cat. No. 53329, U.S.N.M.), dredged by the "Albatross" in 1350 to 2182 fathoms, off Santa Catalina Island, California (station 4390). Remarks.—This species differs, so far as I am aware, from all known species of Gennadas in the peculiar armature of the posterior margin of the fourth abdominal segment.
26 University of California Publicationsrin Zoology [VOL.23 Tribe CARIDES K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA FAMILIES OF THE CARIDES I. Exopodites on all legs; first two pairs chelate; second wrists undivided. A. Exopodites of second maxillipeds rudimentary or wanting. Eostrum short or wanting, often represented by a postfrontal tooth .or spine. Pasiphaeidae, p. 27. B. Exopodites of second maxillipeds large. Eostrum moderately or well developed. Oplophoridae, p. 32. II. No exopodites on legs. A. One or both legs of first pair simple; legs of second pair unequal, second wrists subdivided (multiarticulate). 1. Only one leg of first pair simple, the other chelate. Eostrum not toothed except at apex, which is obscurely bifid. (Not known north of San Diego.) Lysmatidae, p. 80. 2. Both'legs of first pair simple; first two pairs slender. Eostrum large and toothed. Pandalidae, p. 40. B. Both legs of first pair chelate or subchelate. 1. First pair of legs subchelate; second wrists undivided. Eostrum small, or wanting; occasionally a somewhat • elongate suberect spine. Cragonidae, p. 81. 2. First pair of legs chelate; second wrists either subdivided or undi- vided. a. Second wrists undivided. i. First antennae with two flagella, one usually cleft a little dis- tance from the tip. (Not known north of Santa Cruz Island.) Pontoniidae, p. 37. ii. First antennae with three flagella, owing to cleavage of one almost, or quite to the base. (Not known north of San Pedro.) Palaemonidae, p. 34. b. Second wrists subdivided (multiarticulate). i. Eyes covered by carapace. First legs much stronger than the rest; second wrists divided into five segments. Eostrum small or wanting. Grangonidae, p. 73. ii. Eyes not covered by carapace, free. First legs not much stronger than the rest; second wrists divided into three, seven, or many segments. Eostrum generally prominent. a. Second pair of legs equal or subequal; wrists divided into three, seven, or about thirty-two segments. Eostrum toothed; rarely reduced in size. Eippolytidae, p. 47.
1921] Schmitt: The Mwrme Decapod Crustacea of California 27 &. Second pair of legs unequal, wrist of longer leg about twice length of shorter one, wrists multiarticulate. Ros- trum not toothed, except at apex, which is obscurely bifid. (Not known north of San Diego.) Lysmatidae, p. 80. Family PASIPHAEIDAE Eostrum short or wanting, often represented by a postfrontal (gastric) tooth or spine. Mandibles lacking molar .process, consisting of incisor process alone, with or without palp of one or two segments. Exopodites present on all thoracic legs and on third or external maxillipeds, rudimentary or wanting on second max- illipeds but often constituting the chief part of the first maxillipeds. First two pairs of legs similar, ending in elongate chelae with long, slender fingers, and stouter than the remaining three pairs, which are undersized and imperfectly formed. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA GENERA OF THE PASIPHAEIDAE I. Eostrum wanting, represented by a postfrontal (gastric) tooth or spine. Pasiphaea, p. 27. II. A short, normally formed rostrum present. . Parapasiphae, p. 31. Genus Pasiphaea Savigny Body strongly compressed. Eostrum wanting, represented by a postfrontal gastric spine or tooth. Frontal margin of carapace with orbits but slightly excavate and imperfectly defined. Mandibles without a palp. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA SPECIES OF PASIPHAEA I. Carapace carinated throughout its length. A. Telson truncate, not forked or notched. (Known only from 250 + fathoms.) magna, p. 28. B. Telson forked or notched. 1. Branchiostegal spine over the angle of the anterolateral sinus. pacifica, p. 29. . 2. Branchiostegal spine farther forward, near or on anterior margin. a. Telson longer than sixth segment. (Known only from 250 + fathoms.) emarginata, p. 30. * b. Telson shorter than sixth segment. (Known only from 750 + fathoms.) corteziana, p. 30. II. Carapace not carinated in its posterior half. (Known only from 950 + fathoms.) affinis, p. 31.
28 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL.23 Pasiphaea magna Faxon ? Pasipliaea magna Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 24, 209, 1893; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 18, 176, pi. 45, figs. 2-2c, 1895. Pasiphaea magna? Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 19, fig. 1, 1904. a b Fig. 13. Pasiphaea magna, a, lateral view of carapace, X % (after Faxon); b, telson, X 1% (from Eathbun, U. S. N. M.). Miss Eathbun had a number of specimens from California which she doubt- fully referred to this species. Eegarding them, she said (1904, p. 19'): " T h e identification of these specimens with P. magna is doubtful, but as I have not had the opportunity of comparing them with the type, they are placed here provisionally. Though from the same depth of water, the integument is much firmer in our examples than in the type, the carapace is deeper and its dorsal outline less arched, the branchial ridge is straighter throughout the posterior half of its course, the palm of the first pair of chelae is longer than the fingers. The largest specimen, an ovigerous female... is 155 mm. long. The telson is a little longer than the sixth segment of the abdomen, and reaches about to the end of the inner uropod; it is broadly channeled, extremity truncate or slightly convex, and armed with about 13 slender bristles.... In the first pair of legs the palm is about one-third longer than the fingers; in the second pair the right merus has 14 spines, the left 13. Characters.—Of Pasiphaea magna, taken from Faxon: Carapace a little less than two-fifths of the length of the whole body; laterally compressed, dorsally carinate; carina rounded, except on anterior part of gastric area, where it assumes the form of a sharp keel, and is continuous with the acute-tipped, blade-like tooth which simulates a true rostrum; this tooth reaches forward nearly to the anterior extremity of the eyes; its lower margin is convex, with its hinder part resting closely upon and apparently anchylosed with the frontal region of the carapace. Palm of first pair of legs somewhat shorter than the daetylus; merus armed with four or five spines on its inferior edge. Second pair of legs a little longer than the first pair, with a longer and more slender chela. The second segment (basi- podite) is armed with a small spine at the distal end of the inferior edge; inferior edge of merus armed with thirteen spines; carpus armed with one long spine at distal end of lower margin. All abdominal segments dorsally carinated; carina obsolescent on first segment. Dimensions.—Type of P. magna: length 145 mm.; carapace, including anterior dorsal tooth, 55 mm. Type Locality.—Gulf of Panama, 458 fathoms ("Albatross" station 3384). Distribution.—Also taken by the ' ' Albatross'' from off Point Arena to off Point Loma, California, 276 to 552 fathoms.
1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decaipod CrusMo&a -of Cdlifotnia 29 Pasiphaea pacifica Rathbun Pasiphaea pacifica Eathbun, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 905, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 20, fig. 2, 1904. Tig. 14. Pasiphaea pacifica; 5, a, lateral view, X 1%; i, telson, X 3% (from Eathbun, U. S. N. M.). Characters.—Carapace a little less than half the length of the abdomen. Gas- tric tooth variable, more or less inclined upward, terminally usually slender, anterior margin concave; continued back as a thin, sharp keel, which becomes a rounded ridge behind the gastric region. Branchiostegal spine situated over the angle of the anterolateral sinus. Second to sixth abdominal segments, inclu- sive, carinate. Telson four-fifths as long as sixth somite of abdomen; dorsal surface channeled; extremity with a deep notch. Dimensions.—Type, female: length 64.8 mm.; length of carapace 20.3 mm. Type Locality.—Off Point Sur, California, 328 fathoms ("Albatross" station 3186). Distribution.—Prom Unalaska and the Gulf of Alaska, to the Gulf of Califor- nia, in 53 to 799 fathoms. Most frequent between 200 and 300 fathoms off the California coast. "One specimen from 13 fathoms, if label be correct" (Eath- bun). Remarks.—Differs from other species with earinated carapace in having the branchiostegal spine situated above the anterolateral sinus (Eathbun).
30 University of California Publications .in Zoology [VOL.23 Pasiphaea emarginata Rathbun Pasiphaea emarginata Rathbun, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 905, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 22, fig. 4, 1904. Fig. 15. Pasiphaea emarginata; $, a, telson, X 3 % ; 6, lateral view of cara- pace, X 1% (from Rathbun, TJ, S. N. M.). Characters.—Carapace equal to the first five segments and half of the sixth segment of the abdomen. Gastric tooth spiniform, continued back in a blunt carina nearly to the posterior margin. First to fifth segments of abdomen slightly earinated, sixth compressed above but scarcely earinate; telson longer than the sixth segment of the abdomen, extremity with a very shallow V-shaped notch. Dimensions.—Type, female: length 81 mm.; length of carapace 33.3 mm. Type Locality.—Gulf of California, off Concepcion Bay, 857 fathoms ("Alba- tross" station 3009). Distribution.—Also from off the Santa Barbara Islands and Santa Barbara Channel to off San Diego, California, 216 to 680 fathoms. Pasiphaea corteziana Rathbun Pasiphaea corteziana Rathbun, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 905, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 24, fig. 5, 1904. Fig. 16. Pasiphaea corteziana, S; a, lateral view of carapace, X 2; b, telson, X 2 % ; c, hand of second pair, X 2% (from Rathbun, TJ. S. N. M.). Characters.—Carapace equal to the first five and part of the sixth segment of the abdomen. Gastric tooth dentiform, continued back in a very blunt carina. Branchiostegal spine small, inserted near the anterolateral angle of the carapace just behind the anterior margin. Abdominal segments not earinate. Telson very nearly as long as the sixth abdominal segment; forked, with a deep notch. Dimensions.—Type, male: length 64 mm.; length of carapace 23.8 mm. Type Locality.—Near Cortez Bank, California, 776 fathoms ("Albatross" station 3627). Distribution.—Also taken by the "Albatross" off Point San Pedro, Santa Cruz Island, California, in 764 to 891 fathoms (station 4428).
1921] Schmitt: The Marine Deoapod Crustacea of California 31 Pasiphaea affinis Eathbun Pasiphaea affinis Eathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 905, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 24, fig: 6, 1904. Fig. 17. Pasiphaea affinis, £, a, telson, X 3 % ; b, hand of second pair, X 2 (from Eathbun, U. S. N. M.). Characters.—Carapace equal to the first four and half of the fifth segment of the abdomen; not earinated behind gastric tooth; otherwise much as in P. cor- tesiana. Second to sixth abdominal segments, inclusive, carinate. Telson very nearly as long as the sixth abdominal segment; extremity less deeply notched than in P. cortesiana. Dimensions.—-Type, male: length 67 mm.; length of carapace 22 mm. Type Locality.—Near Cortez Bank, California, 984 fathoms ("Albatross'.' station 2919). Genus Parapasiphae Smith Body moderately compressed. Eostrum present, short, normally formed. Mandibles with slender, two-jointed palp. Parapasiphae serrata Eathbun Parapasiphae serrata Eathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 904, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 25, fig. 7, 1904. Fig. 18. Parapasiphae serrata, $, X about 1% (from Eathbun, U. S. N. M.).
32 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL.23 Characters.—Carapace and rostrum as long as the first five abdominal seg- ments. The median carina extends backward to the posterior fifth of the carapace, or the cervical groove, and forward along the high, thin rostrum, which reaches half way along the eye-stalks; carina is armed with sixteen small teeth or spines, two of which are on the rostrum and one terminal; below this spine the rostrum is a compressed, finely crenulate lobe. Antermular scale as long as basal joint of peduncle. Antennal scale nearly half as long as carapace proper. First three abdominal segments not carinate; fourth segment posteriorly produced in a thin, compressed spine, which is carinate and has a slight notch at its base, visible in profile; sixth with a longitudinal groove on either side. Telson a little longer than sixth abdominal segment; extremity truncate. Dimensions.—Type, ovigerous female: length of carapace and rostrum 23.6 mm.; rostrum 1.8 mm.; abdomen 42 mm. Type Locality.—Off Cortez Bank, California, 984 fathoms ("Albatross" station 2919). Remarks.—This species is akin to P. gilesii Wood-Mason, from the Indian Ocean, which also has a serrated carina running the whole length of the carapace, but the character of the rostrum alone separates it distinctly from that species. In P. gilesii the rostrum is a fine, acute, incurved spine, extending about a third its length beyond the eyes (Eathbun). Family OPLOPHORIDAE (HOPLOPHORIDAE) Eostrum moderately or well developed. Mandible with a stout, three-jointed palp, and with incisor and molar process distinct but almost confluent; molar process small. All eight pairs of thoracic appendages with well developed exopo- dites. First two pairs of legs ending in small but well formed chelae; last three pairs of moderate length and subequal. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA GENERA OF THE OPLOPHOKIDAE I. Eostrum armed with teeth above and below. Second to sixth abdominal somites, inclusive, sharply carinate. (Known only from 485 + fathoms.) AcanthepTiyra, p. 32. II. Eostrum toothed above only. Abdomen devoid of a median carina. (Knowa only from 322 -f- fathoms.) Hymenodora. p. 33. Genus Acanthephyra Milne Edwards Body compressed. Eostrum rarely short, usually long; armed with teeth above and below. Endopodite of first maxillipeds composed of three segments; the two inner distal lobes of the second maxilla narrow and projecting beyond the basal lobe. Abdomen more or less carinate; carinae of some segments ending posteriorly in a tooth or spine. Eggs, so far as known, small and numerous.
1921] SchmM't: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 33 Acanthephyra curtirostris Wood-Mason Acanthephyra curtirostris Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), 7, 195, 1891; 9, 364, fig. 5, 1892; Illus. Zool. "Investigator," Crustacea, pi. 3, fig. 4, 1892; Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 18, 164, pi. 43, figs. 2-5, 1895; Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 27, 1904. Fig. 19. Acanthephyra curtirostris, rf, lateral view of carapace (after Faxon). Characters.—Carapace and rostrum less than half as long as the abdomen; carapace not distinctly carinated behind the gastric region. Eostrum a very thin, high, obliquely ascendant frontal crest, the acuminate peak of which does not exceed the antennular peduncle; armed above with seven to nine teeth, and below with one or, more rarely, two spines at or before the middle of the ventral border; occasionally the ventral tooth is obsolescent or but obscurely indicated. Second to sixth abdominal segments, inclusive, sharply carinate; each carina ends in a small tooth, that on the third segment being the larger, while that on the second and frequently also that on the sixth is scarcely defined; sixth segment more than half again as long as the fifth. Dimensions.—Type, male: length from tip of rostrum to end of telson 85 mm. Color.—In life crimson (Alcock). Type Locality.—Bay of Bengal, 840 fathoms ("Investigator" station 100). Distribution.—Arabian Sea, 937 to 1043 fathoms; Bay of Bengal, 364 to 913 fathoms; Andaman Sea, 922 fathoms (Alcock). From off San Clemente Island, California, to off Gulf of Panama, 485 to 2232 fathoms. Genus Hymenodora Sars Body almost round, not compressed; carapace only compressed in dorsal part, forming a sharp, high, median keel. Eostrum usually short, rarely long, armed with teeth above only. Endopodite of .first maxillipeds composed of only two segments; the two inner distal lobes of the second maxilla rather broad and not projecting beyond the basal lobe. Abdomen not carinate. Eggs usually of con- siderable size.
34 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL, 23 Hymenodora frontalis Kathbun Hymenodora frontalis Eathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 904, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 28, 1904. Fig. 20. Hymenodora frontalis, %, X about 2 (from Eathbuh, U. S. N. M.). Characters.—Surface covered with very fine wrinkles or rugose lines. Carapace and rostrum more than half as long as abdomen; median carina advanced in a rostrum which is unusually long for the genus, being from two-fifths to one-half as long as the remainder of the carapace and reaching the end or a little beyond the end of antennular peduncle. Eostrum a slender, sharp-pointed spine, distal half slightly curved upward, basal half armed above with three to six spines, two or three of which are beyond the line of the orbit. Abdomen devoid of a median carina or median spines; sixth segment two and a half times as long as fifth, and between three-fourths and four-fifths as long as telson. Dimensions.—Type, male: length of carapace and rostrum 19 mm.; of rostrum 6.5 mm.; of abdomen 32.5 mm. Type Locality.—West of Unalaska, 322 fathoms ("Albatross" station 3327). Distribution.—From Bering Sea to off San Clemente Island, California, and Kamchatka; 322 to 1771 fathoms. Bemarlcs.—The unusually long rostrum distinguishes this from other species of Hymenodora (Rathbun). Family PALAEMONIDAE Eostrum well developed, laterally compressed, and armed with teeth. Anten- nules with three flagella, owing to cleavage of one almost or quite to the base. Mandibles with incisor process, and with or without palp of three segments. First pair of legs chelate and shorter than second. Second pair equal and chelate, with segmented carpus, chelae generally larger than in first pair.
1921] Schrmtt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 35 K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA GENERA OF THE PALAEAIONIDAE I. Eostrum prominently toothed above only, about two-thirds as long as carapace, pronouncedly convex above, armed with five to seven teeth, with one or two small teeth below near tip; behind rostrum there is a median gastric spine. An hepatic spine present. Mandible without palp. (Not known north of San Diego Bay.) Urocaris, p. 37. II. Eostrum prominently toothed above and below. No hepatic spine. A. Eostrum about as long as carapace, armed with six to ten teeth above, one or two of which are behind the orbit, and with two to four teeth below. Mandible without palp. (Known only from San Pedro.) ' Palaemonetes, p. 36. B. Eostrum longer than carapace; armed with seven to eight teeth above, one or two of which are behind the orbit, and with three teeth below. Mandible with palp. (Not known north of San Diego.) Palaemon, p. 35. Genus Palaemon Fabrieius Eostrum prominently toothed above and below. Carapace furnished with antennal and branchiostegal spines, but without hepatie spine. Mandible with three-jointed palp. Palaemon ritteri Holmes Palaemon ritteri Holmes, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2), 4, 579, pi. 21, figs. 29-35, 1895; Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 7, 216, 1900; Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 29, 1904. Fig. 21. Palaemon ritteri; a, lateral view of carapace; b, mandible (after Holmes).
36 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL.23 Characters.—Eostrum longer than carapace, and tapering more or less evenly from the widest portion (which is about one-fourth as wide as the rostrum is long) to an acute tip; armed aboye with seven to eight teeth, one or two of which are behind the orbit; below with three teeth. Ocular peduncles short and stout; the ocellus lies between the cornea and the stalk. Antennal scale is shorter than the rostrum, with blade exceeding the spine. Dimensions.—Type: length 45 mm. Type Locality.—San Diego, California. Distribution.—From San Diego, California, to Gulf of California (Eathbun). Bay of St. Elena, Ecuador (Nobili). Genus Palaemonetes Heller Eostrum prominently toothed above and below. Carapace furnished with antennal and branchiostegal spine, but without hepatic spine. Mandible without palp. Palaemonetes hiltoni sp. nov. Plate 12, figure 5 Description.—Closely allied to P. TcadiaTcensis Eathbun (1902, p. 903; 1904a, p. 30, fig. 9), from Alaska, and intermediate between it and P. vulgaris Say (1818, p. 24.8), of the Atlantic. It differs from both P. TcadiaJcensis and P. vulgaris in the proportional length of the propodal and carpal joints of the first two pairs of legs and in the relative length of the sixth abdominal segment as compared to the fifth. The following table will suffice to show these differences in the three species mentioned above: Palaemonetes Jcadiakensis P. hiltoni P. vulgaris First pair of legs, propodus : carpus 1 : 2.20 1 : 1.75 1 : 1.50 Second pair of legs, propodus : carpus 1 : 2.00 1 : 1.00 1 : 0.60 merus : carpus .-. 1 : 1.50 1 : 1.00 1 : 0.88 Abdomen, fifth segment : sixth 1 : 2.00 1 : 1.66 1 : 1.50 Otherwise the description and figure of P. Tca&iakensis as given by Miss Eath- bun does very well for P. hiltoni. On the whole P. hiltoni is the stouter of the two with less elongate and attenuate legs and a relatively shorter and stouter sixth abdominal segment. Eegarding the number of rostral teeth of P. hiltoni, as only four specimens have been seen, no positive statement can be made. Those examined all had nine teeth on the rostrum and an additional one on the carapace behind the orbit; beneath the number ranged from three in three of the specimens to four in the fourth one. In P. Tcadialcensis the count based on a large number of specimens ranges from six to ten teeth above, of which one or two are behind the orbit, and from two to three teeth below. Dimensions.—Holotype (Cat. No. 48991, U. S. N. M.): length from tip of rostrum to end of telson 26 mm.; carapace and rostrum together 10.5 mm.' The three paratypes are respectively 20, 21, and 24 mm. in length. Type Locality.—San Pedro, California (Stout and Stafford coll.).
1921] Scfam&tt: The Marine Decwpod GrusfaceMh of GaMfornia 37 Genus Urocaris Stimpson Eostrum prominently toothed above only. Carapace with an hepatic spine, with or without antennal spine, and without branchiostegal spine. Mandible without palp. Urocaris infraspinis Rathbun Urocaris infraspinis Eathbun, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 903, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 31, fig. 10, 1904. Fig. 22. Urocaris infraspinis, < j > , X 3 % ; a, lateral view; &, dorsal view of anterior portion (from Eathbun, U. S. N. M.). Characters.—Eostrum about two-thirds as long as the carapace, pronouncedly convex above; armed with five to seven teeth, with one or two small teeth below near the tip; behind the rostrum there is a median gastric spine. Antennal and hepatic spines of good size; suborbital angle of carapace blunt. Ocular peduncles with a minute black ocellus above, towards the outside and beyond the limit of the cornea. Antennal scale much longer than the rostrum, with blade con- siderably exceeding the spine. Dimensions.—Type, ovigerous female: length of carapace and rostrum 6 mm., of rostrum 2.5 mm., of abdomen 15 mm. Type Locality.—Gulf of California, in Concepcion Bay, Lower California ( " Albatross " ) . Distribution.—San Diego Bay, California; Gulf of California (Eathbun). Family PONTONIIDAE Eostrum laterally compressed and armed with teeth or depressed and unarmed. Antennules with one of the two ftagella usually cleft a little distance from the tip. Mandible with incisor process but without palp. First pair of legs chelate and slender. Second pair chelate with one or both legs stouter or longer than first pair.
38 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA GENERA OF THE PONTONIIDAE I. Eostrum short, less than one-half length of carapace, depressed, bent down- ward, not dentate. One of the second pair of legs with very large chela. (Known only from off Santa Cruz Island.) Pontonia, p. 38. II. Eostrum often about as long as carapace, compressed, usually dentate, not bent downward. Second pair of legs long, slender, and equal. (Not known north of Santa Catalina Island.) Periclimenes, p. 39. Genus Pontonia Latreille Eostrum short, depressed, bent downward; not dentate; with or without a keel below at the free end. Both flagella of antennules short; thicker of the two bifid. Antennal scale of moderate length only, broad. One of the second pair of legs with very large chela. Pontonia californiensis Bathbun Pontonia californiensis Rathbun, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 902, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 33, fig. 11, 1904; Borradaile, Trans. Linn. Soe. London (Zool.), (2), 17, 389, 391, 1917. Fig. 23. Pontonia californiensis, $; dorsal view, X 4^7 (from Eathbun, U. S. N. M.).
1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 39 Characters.—Eostrum more than one-third the length of the remainder of carapace, very narrow, deflexed. Eight foot of second pair missing. Merus of left foot short and stout, carpus cup-shaped, palm and fingers subequal in length, palm two-thirds as broad as long, fingers gaping, prehensile edges denticulate, fringed with long hair. Telson twice as long as sixth somite, with two pairs of long lateral, appressed spines inserted on anterior half. Dimensions.—Type, female: length of carapace and rostrum 6.7 mm., of rostrum 1.8 mm., of abdomen 9 mm. Type Locality.—Off Santa Cruz Island, California, 30 fathoms ("Albatross" station 2945). Remarlcs.—This is the only Pontonia described from the west coast of North America, the P. margarita of Smith being a Conchodytes (Eathbun). Genus Periclimenes Costa Eostrum long, compressed, usually dentate, in side view diminishing gradually to a sharp point at the free end, not bent downward. Thicker flagellum of antennules long or moderate, bifid. Antennal scale long, usually narrow. Second pair of legs long, slender, and equal. Periclimenes tenuipes (Holmes) Anchista tenuipes Holmes, Oceas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 7, 216, 1900. Periclimenes tenuipes Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 34, fig. 12, 1904; Borradaile, Trans. Linn. Soc. London (Zool.), (2), 17, 368, 372, 1917. Periclimenes holmesi Nobili, Ann. Mus. Univ. Napoli (N. S.), 2, no. 21, 5, 1907; Borradaile, ibid., (2), 17, 376, 1917. Fig. 24. Periclimenes tenuipes, X 4; a, lateral view of carapace; &, foot of second pair (from Eathbun, U. S. N. M.). Characters.—Eostrum about as long as the carapace, rather deep near the middle, armed above with six or seven teeth, the last one or two on the carapace; lower side armed with three or four teeth; the last dorsal spine is near the anterior third of the carapace. A supraorbital, an antennal, and an hepatic spine present; anterolateral angle of the carapace rounded and devoid of spines. Ocular peduncles large and furnished with an ocellus between the cornea and the proximal part of the stalk. Second pair of legs slender and greatly elongated, the carpus reaching beyond the rostrum; ischium, merus, and carpus of subequal length; hand long, very narrow, subcylindrical, exceeding the length of the carpus and merus com- bined; fingers slender, straight, about tworthirds as long as the palm; tips hooked and crossed when fingers are closed. Telson with two pairs of dorsal spinules.
40 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL, 23 Dimensions.—Type: length of body 18 mm., of second chelipeds 16 mm., of hand 7 mm., of carpus 3 mm. Type Locality.—Santa Catalina Island, California. Distribution.—From Santa Catalina Island, California, to Gulf of California (Rathbun). Remarks.—The specimens in the U. S. National Museum, collected in the Gulf of California by the '' Albatross,'' from which the above figure was taken, ' ' agree with Holmes's description, except that the fingers of the second pair of feet are only a little over half as long as the palm and the posterolateral angle of the sixth abdominal segment is subacute" (Rathbun). Nobili (1917, p. 5) suggests the name holmesi for Peridimenes tenuipes (Holmes) which he says is preoccupied by P. tenuipes (Leach), but as there does not seem to be any original description I have retained Holmes's name. Borradaile says (1917, p. 376), " I have not been able to find the original description of it [P. tenuipes (Leach)]." Family PANDALIDAE Rostrum laterally compressed, long, and armed with teeth or spines. Mandibles with incisor process and palp of two or three segments. First pair of legs slender and usually simple, but often only apparently so, being at times micro- scopically chelate. Second pair long, slender, and chelate, with segmented carpus. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA. GENERA OF THE PANDALIDAE I. Antennules not longer than the carapace. No laminate expansions on the merus of the third maxilliped and the ischium of the first legs. Pandalus, p. 40. II. Antennules twice the length of the carapace. Merus of third maxillipeds and ischium of first legs with a longitudinally developed laminate expansion fringed with long hairs. Pandalopsis, p. 46. Genus Pandalus Leach Rostrum long and prominent, armed above with spines, which are for the greater part movable, and below with fixed and rigid teeth; rostrum continued backward upon the carapace as a median dorsal carina. Antennules not longer than the carapace. Mandible with a three-jointed palp. Second pair of legs unequal, with much segmented carpus. None of the species at present known from California have median spines on the abdomen. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA SPECIES OF PANDALUS I. Dorsal spines not reaching behind middle of carapace; tip of rostrum acum- inate, often with a small tooth behind the tip dorsally (P. jordani and P. platyceros), or trifid (P. montagui tridens). A. Sixth segment of abdomen slender, about three times as long as wide. Carapace smooth and shining.
1921] Schndtt: The Marms Decapod CfusMoew of CaUfornm 41 1. Eostrum with spines on distal half of superior margin, about one and three-fourths times as long as carapace, armed above with fourteen to seventeen spines, including four on the carapace, all movable except distal three; below with seven to ten immovable spines. jordani, p. 41. 2. Eostrum unarmed on distal half of superior margin, slender, about one and one-half to one and four-fifths as long as carapace, armed above with ten to twelve movable spines, of which three to five are on the carapace, the remainder confined to the basal half of the rostrum (posterior spine just in front of middle of carapace) below with six to seven immovable spines. montagui tridens, p. 42. B. Sixth segment of abdomen short and stout, about one and one-half times as long as wide. Carapace pubescent. Eostrum one and one-half to one and two-thirds times the carapace. Median crest arising half way back on the carapace, armed with fourteen to seventeen spines, extending to middle of rostrum, all movable except one to five anterior ones; usually a solitary spine not far behind acute tip; seven to eight fixed spines below. platyceros, p. 43. II. Dorsal spines extending behind middle of carapace; tip of rostrum trifid. A. Eostrum one and one-half times as long as carapace or more. Median dorsal spines eight to nine, all movable, rather distant; ventral spines nine to ten, immovable. Sixth segment of abdomen about one and one-half times as long as wide. (Not known north of Monterey Bay, or south of Santa Catalina Island.) gurneyi, p. 46. B. Eostrum less than one and one-half times as long as carapace. Median dorsal spines ten to twelve, movable; about half of them on the carapace, the posterior spine a little behind the middle; terminal half of rostrum, unarmed above; lower margin six to eight spines. Sixth segment of abdomen one and two-thirds as long as wide. (Not known south of San Francisco.) danae, p. 44. Pandalus jordani Eathbun Plate 14, figure 1 Fandalus jordani Eathbun, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 900, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 40, pi. 2, fig. 3, 1904. Characters.—Surface smooth and shining. Eostrum about one and three- fourths times as long as carapace, slightly arched above the eyes, terminal two- thirds ascending; slender; armed with fourteen to seventeen spines above, including four on the carapace, distal three immovable, others movable, closer together above the eye; seven to ten immovable spines below, extending nearer to tip than superior spines; tip acuminate; the posterior of the dorsal spines lies between the middle and the anterior third of the carapace. Antennal scale three-fourths to four-fifths as"- long as carapace, extremity of blade broadly
42 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL.23 rounded, and equally produced with the spine. Right leg of second pair extends about to end of antennal scale; the left leg may be half again as long; the right carpus has nineteen to twenty-two segments, the left fifty-eight to sixty-three segments. Third segment of abdomen compressed and its posterior half carinated, the carina interrupted by a slight lobe at the posterior third of the segment; this lobe is of varying size, at no time strong, and has a tendency to disappear in large specimens, in which it may occur only as a slight unevenness in the curve, seen in profile; posterior margin well produced backward, rounded, unarmed; sixth segment of abdomen slender, about three times as long as wide. Dimensions.—Type, ovigerous female: length 124.5 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 59.5 mm., of rostrum 38 mm. Type Locality.—Off Santa Cruz Island, California, 155 fathoms ("Albatross" station 2949). Distribution.—From Unalaska to off San Diego, California, 25 to 199 fathoms. "Remarks.—Distinguished from P. borealis (north Pacific and Atlantic), which has a similar rostrum, by the reduction of the abdominal lobe or hump and the absence of posterior median spines on third and fourth segments. Biological Survey of San Francisco Bay.-—Of the seventeen "out- side" stations, Pandalus jordani was taken at seven, D 5785-5791, representing all of those at which the depth exceeded 29 fathoms. At four of the stations from one to eighteen specimens were taken, from each of the other three more than fifty were obtained. With but one exception the bottom was "very fine, green sand." From exceptional station, D 5791, very little bottom material was brought up other than "refuse and garbage." The ranges for temperature and salinity recorded at the time of making the various hauls were respectively 9.3° to 12.2° C and 33.9 to 3*4.4. Crago alaskensis elongata also occurred quite abundantly at each of these stations. Pandalus montagui tridens Rathbun Plate 13, figure 2 Pandalus montagui tridens Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 901, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 41, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1904. Characters.—Rostrum slender, from one and one-half to one and four-fifths times the length of carapace. Dorsal spines ten to twelve in number, all movable, three to five on the carapace and the remainder on the basal half of the rostrum; posterior spine just in front of middle of carapace; inferior spines six or seven, rigid; distal two-thirds of rostrum ascending, tip trifid. Antennal scale with outer margin slightly arcuate; blade truncate at tip, spine stout, reaching to or beyond the end of blade. Right leg of second pair with carpus divided into twenty to twenty-eight segments. Left leg of second pair with carpus divided into about seventy-four segments. Sixth segment of abdomen slender, about three times as long as wide.
1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California} 43 Dimensions.—Type, female: length 104 mm.; length of carapace and rostrum 48.5 mm.; of rostrum 30.2 mm. The largest specimen on the Pacific Coast was taken off Point Arena, California, in 239 fathoms ("Albatross" station 3349). It measures 110 mm. long, carapace and rostrum 53 mm., rostrum 34 mm. (Rath- bun). Type Locality.—Off North Head, Akutah Island, Alaska, 72 fathoms ("Alba- tross" station 2842). Distribution.—From Bering Sea to off San Nicolas Island, California, 3 to 1084 fathoms. Remarks.—Miss Rathbun says: I have separated this form from P. montagui Leach of the North Atlantic on account of its somewhat longer rostrum, which varies from one and a half to one and two-thirds times the carapace, the dorsal spines terminating behind the middle of the rostrum, while in typical P. montagui the rostrum is from one and two-fifths to one and a half times the carapace, and its dorsal spines reach to or in front of its middle. In P. montagui the tip is bifid; in the subspecies usually trifid. Pandalus platyceros Brandt Plate 14, figure 3 Pandalus platyceros Brandt in Middendorff, Reise in den aussersten Nor den und Osten Sibiriens, Bd. II, Zool., Th. I, p. 123, 1851; Holmes, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sei., 7, 210, 1900; Rathbun, H. A. E., 10, 44, 1904. Characters.—Body stout. Carapace covered with a dense, short pubescence. Rostrum one and one-half to one and two-thirds times as long as carapace, pro- vided with a broad, entire laminar crest on each side. Median crest arising halfway back on the carapace, armed with fourteen to seventeen spines extending to middle of rostrum; the anterior one to five spines fixed, the rest movable; usually a solitary spine not far behind the acute tip. Lower limb armed Avith seven or eight fixed, spines, diminishing gradually in size; the basal tooth very large. Posterior part of rostrum deflexed, anterior half or two-thirds ascending, tip above level of carapace. Antennal scale four-fifths to seven-eighths as long as carapace, oblong, extremity of blade subtruneate, slightly exceeded by the spine. Right leg of second pair reaching to end of maxillipeds, carpus eight- to nine-jointed; left leg of second pair two-fifths again as long as right; carpus divided into twenty- seven or twenty-eight joints. Sixth segment of abdomen short and stout, one and one-half times as long as wide. Dimensions.—Type: length of carapace 34.9 mm., of rostrum 38.1 mm., of abdomen 46.6 mm., of caudal appendages 19.1 mm.; total length 138.7 mm. Of an ovigerous female, length 214 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 113 mm., of rostrum 68 mm. (Rathbun). Type Locality.—Unalaska. Distribution.—Unalaska to off San Diego, California, 25 to 266 fathoms. Japan (Balss). The 25-fathom record here cited was made off Portuguese Bend, near San Pedro, California, by the Venice Marine Biological Station.
44 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL.23 Pandalus danae Stimpson Plate 13, figure 3 Pandalus danae Stimpson, Proe. Boston Soc. Nat. .Hist., 6, 87, 1857; Jour. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, 502 (62), pi. 21, figs. 6, 7, 1857; Bathbun, E., The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the U. S., sec. 1, p. 281, 1884; Holmes, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 7, 209, pi. 4, figs. 61, 62, 1900; Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 47, fig. 13, 1904. Fig. 25. Pandalus danae, <$, natural size; a, dorsal view of anterior end (pro- portional lengths of joints of antennular peduncle are not exact in lateral view, use this view); &, lateral view. Characters.—A rather stout species. Surface finely pitted. Eostrum a little longer than the carapace (from one-fifth to one-eighth longer), distal two-thirds directed obliquely upward. Median dorsal spines ten to twelve, movable, about half of them on the carapace, the posterior spine a little behind the middle; terminal half of rostrum unarmed above, apex trifid; lower margin six- to eight- spined, the spines diminishing anteriorly; -lateral carinae moderately prominent. Antennal scale from three-fourths to five-sixths as long as carapace, tapering to the extremity, the laminar part of which is rounded, and much exceeded by the spine. Eight leg of second pair (exceeds antennal scale) may slightly exceed or fall short of the tip of the rostrum; merus slightly annulated; carpus with from eighteen to twenty-one joints, those of the proximal half very indistinctly marked; left leg one-third or nearly half again as long as right leg; merus and distal portion of ischium faintly annulated; about sixty carpal segments. Sixth segment of abdomen one and two-thirds as long as wide. Dimensions.—Type: length 63.5 mm. The specimens taken in connection with the Bay Survey ranged between 55 and 114 mm. in length, exclusive of rostrum. Type Locality.—Puget Sound. Distribution.—From Sitka, Alaska, to San Francisco, California, 10 to 101 fathoms.
Station D 5808 D 5738 D 5809 D 5700 D 5827 Depth 27-43 23-60 21i-53 17-19 6-17 1921] Schmitt: The Mwrime Decapod Crustac&a of California 45 Biological Survey of San -Francisco Bay.—Pandalus danae was found almost exclusively in the deeper portions of the middle bay, the region of greatest abundance being the outer central part of Golden Gate where three (D 5738, 5808, 5809) of the six stations from which it is recorded are located, and where 97 per cent of all the specimens caught were taken. The other three stations (D 5700, 5827, 5828) were made, one off Sausalito, one just to the westward of Alcatraz, and the third in mid-channel off the southern end of the east side of Angel Island (plate 5). A summary of the above stations indicates quite a close correspon- dence between the depth, character of bottom, and the number of specimens obtained: Number of Character of bottom specimens Coarse sand, gravel and stones, ranging up to 14 inches in length. 23 Large rocks with very little coarse shelly sand. 3 Coarse sand, gravel and stones. 3 Sand, coarse and fine gravel, broken shells. 2 Clean, coarse sand and gravel, stones of all sizes up to width of hand and one-half inch thick at beginning, and sand and fine gravel and no stones at end of haul. 1 D 5828 10-16 Variegated mud, containing some sand and many shells at beginning, and sand and fine gravel with some shell fragments and living mollusks at end of haul. 1 As no specimen was taken at a temperature exceeding 12.2° C and none in a salinity less than 25.7 it is apparently the combination of the effects of higher temperature, lower salinity, shoaler water together with that of the character of the bottom which restricts the range of Pandalus danae in the bay, except in the section from which it is here recorded. This is graphically demonstrable on the temperature and salinity curves figured by Sumner in his report upon the physical conditions in the Bay (1914, figs. B and M) : The occurrence of this species far north of the southern shore of Angel Island, or at most the head-of Raccoon Strait or south of Goat Island, would be restricted from January to July (periods I, II, III, and VI of Sumner) by rapid falling of the salinity below the minimum value, 25.7, established above, and from February to October (periods I, II, III, and IV) by the rise of temperature above 12.2° C. By the process of elimination only the months of November and December (period V of Sumner)
46 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 would have conditions of temperature and salinity favoring an exten- sion of the range of Pandalus danae, but at this period as well as during the remainder of the year it is no doubt the absence of suf- ficient areas of favorable bottom elsewhere in the bay, together with the decrease in depth, that exercises the potent influence in restricting this species to the region of its observed distribution. It is impossible to explain why no specimens of Pandalus danae were taken outside, for Dr. Rathbun says (1884, p. 821) : This Prawn has been much more abundant in the San Francisco markets during the past two years than formerly, and the reason assigned is that the fishermen, driven out of San Francisco Bay by the constantly diminishing supply of fish there, have been forced to resort to the open sea between the Farallone Islands and Point Eeyes, where the Prawns live in large numbers. Pandalus gurneyi Stimpson Plate 13, figure 1 Pandalus gurneyi Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 10, 128, 1871; Eathbun, H. A. B., 10, 50, pi. 2, fig. 6, 1904. Characters.—Very near P. danae. Eostrum one and one-half to one and two- thirds longer than the carapace. Median dorsal spines eight or nine, all movable, rather distant; ventral spines nine or ten, immovable. Antennal scale as long as carapace. Eight leg of second pair extends to tip of aciele, carpal segments seventeen; left leg one-third longer than right, carpal segments about forty-five.' Sixth segment of abdomen one and one-half times as long as wide. Dimensions.—Ovigerous female: length 77.5 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 38.5 mm., of rostrum 25 mm. (Eathbun). Type Locality.—Monterey, California. Distribution.—Monterey to San Pedro, and Santa Catalina Island, California, 9 to 55 fathoms. Genus Pandalopsis Bate Antennules twice the length of the carapace. Merus of third maxillipeds with inner margin longitudinally developed into a broad laminate expansion fringed with long hairs. Ischium of first pair of thoracic legs also with large laminate expansion, the lower margin of which is fringed with a row of hairs on the inner side. Pandalopsis ampla Bate Plate 14, figure 2 Pandalopsis amplus Bate, "Challenger" Eept., Zool., 24, Macrura, p. 671, pi. 175, fig. 3, 1888. Pandalopsis ampla Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 18, 155, 1895; Eath- bun, H. A. E., 10, 51, 1904.
1921] Sckmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 47 Characters.—Surface remotely punctate. Eostrum one and one-third to one and nine-tenths as long as rest of the carapace (in small specimens it may be two and one-half times the carapace), slightly ascending, slightly arched above the eyes. Median crest occupying the anterior two-thirds of the carapace, armed with seven to thirteen movable spines, of which three to five are on the carapace and in front of the middle, the anterior spine considerably behind the middle of the rostrum. There is also a subterminal fixed spine; and occasionally two sub- terminal spines, both above, or one above and one below. Greater part of the rostrum unarmed above; lower margin armed with thirteen to sixteen slender spines, larger toward the base of the rostrum. Antennal scale four-fifths to eight-ninths as long as carapace; blade broadly rounded at the tip and exceeded by the spine. Ischium of first pair of feet is dilated in a thin, broad, laminar, inferior projection which is anteriorly lobiform. Feet of second pair equal, carpus with twenty to twenty-four segments; the right and left carpus may or may not have an equal number of segments; chela as long as the five adjacent segments of the carpus. Third segment of abdomen moderately produced backward in the middle, forming a lobe in the posterior margin; sixth segment nearly two and one-half times as long as wide, and about two-thirds as long as the telson. Dimensions.—Of a specimen measured by Miss Eathbun: length 164 mm.; length of carapace and rostrum 85.7 mm.; of rostrum 87.6 mm. Type Locality.—Off Monte Video, 600 fathoms ("Challenger"). Distribution.—From Washington to Mexico, and off Monte Video; 302 to 1084 fathoms. Family HIPPOLYTIDAE Eostrum almost always a prominent feature, armed with teeth, and laterally compressed, usually well developed, sometimes, however, even shorter than the eye-stalks. Mandibles various, with incisor process and palp, or without either or both. ' First pair of legs chelate and moderately stout, stouter and shorter than second pair. Second pair chelate, slender, and equal, with segmented carpus. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA GENERA OF THE HIPPOLYTIDAE I. Carpus of second pair of legs with more than seven segments. Mandible without incisor process or palp. (Not known north of Santa Barbara.) Hippolysmata, p. 49. II. Carpus of second pair of legs with seven segments. Mandible with incisor process and palp of two segments. Spirontocaris, p. 50. III. Carpus of second pair of legs with three segments. Mandible with incisor process but without palp. Hippolyte, p. 47. Genus Hippolyte Leach Carpus of second pair of legs consisting of three segments. Mandible with an incisor process but without a palp. Carapace with a supraorbital spine.
48 University of California Publications in Zoology [VoL - Hippolyte californiensis Holmes Hippolyte californiensis Holmes, Proe. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2), 4, 576, figs. 21-26, 1895; Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 7, 193, 1900; Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 56, 1904. Fig. 26. Hippolyte californiensis; a, mandible; b, lateral view of carapace (from Holmes); e, lateral view of carapace, X 8, showing arrangement of rostral spines most commonly met with. Characters.—Bostrum slender, a little longer than the carapace, armed both' above and below with three to five, exceptionally six teeth; anterior tooth of each series usually situated immediately behind the acuminate tip, giving it a more or less trifid appearance; remaining teeth of upper series usually more or less bunched over the eye and confined to the basal half of the rostrum; base of rostrum rounded and not continued upon the carapace. Antennular peduncle about one-half as long/ as rostrum. Abdomen not crested or carinated; telson truncated and spinulous at the tip. Dimensions.—Type: length 38 mm. Color.—Green (Holmes). v Type Locality.—Bodega Bay, California. Distribution.—From Sitka, Alaska, to San Diego, California (Eathbun). Remarks.—"In a lot of eleven specimens from Puget Sound, the dorsal teeth are usually two, in one case three, on the basal half of the rostrum, and one or none near the tip. In a few individuals from San Diego the rostral teeth are typical" (Eathbun). In another lot of over fifty specimens received from the Venice Marine Biological Station, Venice, California, there is only one " t y p i c a l " specimen. The rostrum figured by Holmes as the type seems to be a comparatively rare variation in the arrangement of the dorsal spines. With but three exceptions the rostral extremity of the Venice specimens is trifid; the exceptional specimens have a bifid rostrum.
1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 49 Genus Hippolysmata Stimpson Carpus of second pair of legs consisting of more than seven segments. No supraorbital spine. Antennules with two long flagella. Mandible without incisor process or palp. Hippolysmata californica Stimpson Hippolysmata californica Stimpson, Proc. Chicago Acad. Sci., 1, 48, 1896; Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 10, 123, 18.71; Holmes, Oecas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 7, 180, pi. 2, fig. 38, 1900. Pig. 27. Hippolysmata californica, lateral view of carapace (after Holmes). Characters.—Bostrum slender, strongly ridged on the sides, bent downward near the base, about one-half as long as the carapace; armed above with six or seven teeth, the last tooth situated at considerably more than the usual interval from the preceding one and at about the anterior third of the carapace; below armed with three teeth. Plagella of the antennules subequal and longer than the body. Second pair of legs very long and slender; ischium stouter than the merus and about as long, more or less annulated towards the tip; merus divided into something over twenty annulations; carpus about as long as merus and ischium combined and divided into about thirty-two annulations; hand minute, oblong, the fingers scarcely as long as the palm. Telson subacute, much shorter than the uropods. Dimensions.—Type: length 31.8 mm. Color.—Very conspicuously marked with longitudinal stripes of drab and reddish brown (Holmes). Abdomen in life striped longitudinally with red; stripes anteriorly, on carapace, bending obliquely upward; greater part of tail-fan a deep mahogany color, with tips of uropods and telson bluish; antennules, antennae and legs light reddish brown; egg's of ovigerous female light pea-green. Type Locality.—San Diego, California. Distribution.—Santa Barbara to San Diego, California (Bathbun). Remarks.—Found abundantly in tide pools. The teeth on the under side of the rostrum are quite inconspicuous, and are not indicated in the figure taken from Holmes, above.
50 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 Genus Spirontocaris Bate Carpus of second pair of legs consisting of seven segments, mandible with incisor process, and palp of two segments. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA SPECIES OF SPIRONTOCARIS I. One or more supraorbital spines present. A. Rostrum roughly subcircular; three, more rarely two, supraorbital spines. (Not known south of Monterey.) prionota, p. 52. B. Rostrum not subcircular, more or less elongate; one or two supra- orbital spines. 1. One supraorbital spine. a. Rostrum comparatively prominent, longer than eye; supraorbital spine relatively small, i. Rostrum less than twice as long as the eye; armed above with four spines, two of which are on the carapace, below with three teeth on anterior third. (Known only from 448 + fathoms.) washingtoniana, p. 55. ii. Rostrum twice or more than twice as long as the eye; armed above with ten teeth, last three of which are on the cara- pace, below with six teeth, all of which are in front of the middle of the rostrum. (Only one specimen known, from Monterey.) affinis, p. 56. b. Rostrum inconspicuous, reduced to a spine on frontal margin, much shorter than the eye, supraorbital spines a very prominent feature; behind rostral spine anterior half of carapace is carinated and bears three spines. (Known only from Laguna Beach.) lagunae, p. 57. 2. Two supraorbital spines. a. Abdominal segments laterally acute. Rostrum shorter than .re- mainder of carapace. Dorsal spines continued posterior to middle of carapace; spines on carapace proper four. (Not known south of Point Arena.) lamellicornis, p. 53. b. First three abdominal segments laterally rounded. i. Rostrum longer than remainder of carapace. Dorsal spines continued at least to or beyond middle of carapace; spines on carapace proper two or three. bispinosa, p. 54. ii. Rostrum shorter than, rarely as long as, remainder of carapace. a. Dorsal spines all in front of middle of carapace, spines on carapace proper two. (Known only from 211 + fathoms.) sica, p. 55. b. Dorsal spines continued posterior to middle of carapace; spines on carapace proper three or four. snyderi, p. 54.
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12438.pdf

  • 1. THE MARINE DECAPOD CRUSTACEA OF CALIFORNIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE DECAPOD CRUSTACEA COLLECTED BY THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF FISHERIES STEAMER "ALBATROSS" IN CONNECTION WITH THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY DURING THE YEARS 1912-1913 (PUBLISHED BY PERMISSION OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AND OF THE UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES) BY WALDO L. SCHMITT
  • 2. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS IN ZOOLOGY Vol. 23, pp. 1-470, plates 1-50, 165 figures in text Issued May 21, 1921 *.% *r R:«J .V*
  • 3. CONTENTS PAGE I. Introduction .*. 9 II. Explanation of terms and measurements 13 III. Systematic discussion of the California representatives of the Order Decapoda '. 18 Suborder Natantia 18 Tribe Peneides 19 Family Sergestidae 19 Genus Sergestes... 19 Sergestes similis..., ^ 19 Sergestes sp 20 Family Peneidae 20 Genus Peneus .: 21 Peneus brevirostris 21 Genus Benthesicymus 22 Benthesicymus altus 22 tanneri 23 Genus Gennadas ' 23 Gennadas borealis 24 pectinatus 25 Tribe Carides 26 Family Pasiphaeidae 27 Genus Pasiphaea 27 Pasiphaea magna 28 pacifica 29 emarginata 30 corteziana 30 affinis ' 31 Genus Parapasiphae 31 Parapasiphae serrata 31 Family Oplophoridae 32 Genus Acanthephyra 32 Acanthephyra curtirostris 33 Genus Hymenodora 33 Hymenodora frontalis 34 Family Palaemonidae 34 Genus Palaemon 35 Palaemon ritteri 35 Genus Palaemonetes 36 Palaemonetes hiltoni 36 Genus Urocaris 37 Urocaris infraspinis 37 Family Pontoniidae 37 Genus Pontonia 38 Pontonia californiensis 38 Genus Periclimenes. 39 Periclimenes tenuipes 39
  • 4. University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 PAGE Family Pandalidae 40' Genus Pandalus :...' 40' Pandalus jordani : 41 montagui tridens 42 platyceros •. 43 danae 44 gurneyi 46 Genus Pandalopsis 46 Pandalopsis ampla '.. 46 Family Hippolytidae 47 Genus Hippolyte 47 Hippolyte califomiensis 48 Genus Hippolysmata 49 Hippolysmata californica 49 Genus Spirontocaris 50 Spirontocaris prionota 52 lamellicornis 53 bispinosa v 54 snyderi 54 sica 55 washingtoniana 55 affinis 56 lagunae 57 flexa 58 gracilis :....... 59 franciscana, 60 decora 61 carinata 62 kincaidi 63 layi 63 paludicola 64 palpator 65 brevirostris 66 taylori 67 picta 68 cristata 69 . brachydactyla 72 macrophthalma 72 Family Crangonidae 73 Genus Crangon 74 Crangon dentipes 74 bellimanus 75 barbara 76 califomiensis 76 equidactylus ' 76 Genus Synalpheus 77 Synalpheus lockingtoni 77 Genus Betaeus 79 Betaeus harfordi 79 longidactylus 80 Family Lysmatidae 80 Genus Processa 81 Processa canaliculata.... 81
  • 5. 1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 3 PAGE Family Cragonidae. ' 81 Genus Crago 82 Crago nigricauda 84 nigromaculata 86 alaskensis elongata 88 alba 89 holmesi 90 stylirostris 90 franciscorum 92 communis 95 resima 96 abyssorum 97 munita • 98 acclivis : 98 variabilis 99 spinosissima 100 lomae , 100 munitella 101 Genus Nectocrangon 102 Nectocrangon californiensis 102 Genus Paracrangon 103 Paracrangon echinata 103 Suborder Reptantia 104 Tribe Palinura 105 Family Eryontidae 105 Genus Eryonicus 105 Eryonicus agassizi ........: 105 Family Palinuridae 107 Genus Panulirus 107 Panulirus interruptus 108 Tribe Anomura 109 Family Axiidae 110 Genus Axiopsis 110 Axiopsis spinulicauda I l l Genus Calastacus 112 Calastacus investigatoris 112 quinqueseriatus •.. 113 Family Callianassidae 114 Genus Upogebia 115 Upogebia pugettensis... ' 115 Genus Callianassa 116 Callianassa californiensis 117 longimana 117 gigas 119 affinis 119 goniophthalma 121 Family Paguridae 121 Genus Paguristes 122 Paguristes turgidus. 123 parvus : 124 bakeri 124 ulreyi 125
  • 6. 4 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 PAGE Genus Dardanus 126 Dardanus jordani 126 Genus Holopagurus 127 Holopagurus pilosus 127 Genus Pagurus 130 Pagurus ochotensis '...• 130 capillatus 132 tanneri 133 beringanus 135 setosus 136 hirsutiusculus 137 samuelis 139 granosimanus 141 hemphillii 142 californiensis 143 Genus Pylopagurus : 143 Pylopagurus minimus 144 holmesi 144 Genus Parapagurus 145 Parapagurus mertensii 146 Family Lithodidae • . 146 Genus Hapalogaster 148 Hapalogaster cavicauda 149 grebnitzkii 150 Genus Oedignathus 150 Oedignathus inermis 151 Genus Acantholithodes 152 Acantholithodes hispidus 152 Genus Phyllolithodes 153 Phyllolithodes papillosus 153 Genus Cryptolithodes 154 Cryptolithodes typicus 154 sitchensis 155 Genus Lopholithodes 155 Lopholithodes mandtii 156 foraminatus 157 Genus Rhmolithodes 157 Rhmolithodes wosnessenskii 158 Genus Paralomis 158 Paralomis multispina... 159 verrilli 159 Genus Paralithodes 160 Paralithodes rathbuni 160 californiensis 161 Genus Lithodes 161 Lithodes couesi 162 Family Galatheidae 162 Genus Pleuroncodes 163 Pleuroncodes planipes 163 Genus Galathea 163 Galathea californiensis 164
  • 7. 1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 5 PAGE Genus Munida .' 164 Munida quadrispina 165 hispida 166 Genus Munidopsis 167 Munidopsis hystrix 168 verrilli 169 quadrata .'. 170 aspera.. 171 Family Albuneidae 171 . Genus Blepharipoda 172 Blepharipoda occidentalis. 172 Genus Lepidopa 172 Lepidopa myops 172 Family Hippidae 173 Genus Emerita 173 Emerita analoga , 173 Family Porcellanidae 174 Genus Pachycheles 175 Pachycheles rudis 176 holosericus 177 pubescens 177 Genus Petrolisthes 178 Petrolisthes cinctipes 179 eriomerus 180 gracilis.. 181 rathbunae 181 Tribe Brachyura..... 182 Subtribe Dromiacea 182 Family Dromiidae 183 Genus Dromidia 183 Dromidia larraburei : 183 Family Homolidae 183 Genus Homola 184 Homola faxoni 184 Subtribe Oxystomata 185 Family Dorippidae... 185 Genus Cyclodorippe 186 Cyclodorippe plana 186 Family Leucosiidae 187 Genus Randallia 187 Randallia ornata 188 bulligera : 189 Family Calappidae 190 Genus Mursia 190 Mursia gaudichaudii 190 . - Subtribe Brachygnatha 191 Superfamily Oxyrhyncha 191 Family Parthenopidae 191 Genus Heterocrypta 191 Heterocrypta occidentalis 192 Family Inachidae 192 Genus Podochela 195 Podochela hemphillii 195
  • 8. University of California Publications in Zoology tVoL - 23 PAGE Genus Anasimus. 196 Anasimus spinosus 196 Genus Oregonia 198 Oregonia gracilis 198 Genus Inachoides... ". : 199 Inachoides tuberculatus :.. 199 Genus Epialtus 200 Epialtus productus 201 nuttallii , ;... 202 bituberculatus 203 Genus Mimulus 204 Mimulus foliatus 204 Genus Pugettia. 205 Pugettia gracilis 206 richii 207 dalli 208 Genus Chorilia 208 Chorilia longipes 209 Genus Chionoecetes 209 Chionoecetes tanneri... 210 Genus Pelia 210 Pelia tumida 211 clausa 211 Genus Loxorhynchus 212 Loxorhynchus grandis 212 crispatus 213 Genus Scyra 213 Scyra acutifrons 214 Genus Herbstia 215 Herbstia parvifrons 215 Superfamily Brachyrhyncha 216 Family Cancridae 217 Genus Cancer 217 Cancer productus 220 amphioetus 223 antennarius 224 gibbosulus 226 anthonyi 227 jordani 228 magister 229 gracilis 232 oregonensis 234 Family Atelecyclidae.. 234 Genus Telmessus 235 Telmessus cheiragonus... 235 Family Portunidae 236 Genus Callinectes... 236 Callinectes bellicosus 236 Genus Portunus 237 Portunus xantusii 237 Family Xanthidae 238 Genus Cycloxanthops 239
  • 9. 1921] .Scfomitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 7 PAGE Cycloxanthops novemdentatus 239 rugosus 240 Genus Lophopanopeus 240 Lophopanopeus bellus 241 frontalis.... 242 heathii 243 leucomanus 243 lockingtoni 244 diegensis 245 Genus Xanthias 245 Xanthias taylori 246 latimanus 247 Genus Pilumnus 247 Pilumnus spinohirsutus 247 Genus Heteractaea 248 Heteractaea lunata 248 Family Goneplacidae 248 Genus Speocarcinus 248 Speocarcinus californiensis 249 Family Pinnotheridae 249 Genus Pinnotheres 250 Pinnotheres holmesi 251 nudus 252 concharum 252 Genus Fabia 253 Fabia subquadrata 253 lowei 254 canfieldi 254 Genus Parapinnixa 255 Parapinnixa affinis '. 255 Genus Pinnixa 255 Pinnixa longipes 257 tomentosa 258 faba ..... 259 littoralis 260 barnharti 261 occidentalis 262 franciscana 263 schmitti 264 hiatus 265 tubicola 265 weymouthi 266 Genus Scleroplax 267 Scleroplax granulata .., 267 Genus Opisthopus 268 Opisthopus transversus 268 ^Family Grapsidae 269 Genus Pachygrapsus 269 Pachygrapsus crassipes 270 transversus 271 Genus Planes... 272 Planes minutus 272
  • 10. 8 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. PAGE Genus Hemigrapsus 272 Hemigrapsus nudus 273 oregonensis '.. 274 Genus Grapsodius 276 Grapsodius eximius 276 Family Ocypodidae : 277 Genus Ocypode 277 Ocypode gaudichaudii 278 Genus Uca 278 Uca crenulata 279 musica 280 IV. Distribution, "Geographical" and "Biological Survey San Francisco Bay" 281 V. Postscript 301 VI. Literature : '. 302 VII. Appendix I, Distributional list of the marine decapod Crustacea of Cali- fornia 310 VIII. Appendix II, A. List of species taken at "Albatross" dredging stations during the years 1912 and 1913 323 B. List of species taken at "Albatross" hydrographic stations during the years 1912 and 1913 342 C. 1. Shore collections during the year 1912 352 2. Shore collections during the year 1913 352 D. Miscellaneous collections 353 IX. Appendix III, List of correlated "Albatross" dredging and hydrographic stations of the years 1912 and 1913 354 X. Explanation of Plates 360 Index 459
  • 11. 1921] Schmitt: The Mari/ne Decapod Crustacea of California 9 I. INTRODUCTION The United States fisheries steamer "Albatross" was commissioned in October, 1911, by the Bureau of Fisheries, to make a biological survey of San Francisco Bay. The operations were directed by a board consisting of Dr. F. B. Sumner, naturalist, Professor C. A. Kofoid, of the University of California, and Commander G. H. Bur- rage, U.S.N., succeeded by Lieutenant-Commander H. B. Soule: U.S.N. The field work began on January 30, 1912, and continued until April 7, 1913, when the last dredge haul was made. That portion of the results of this survey dealing with the physical conditions within San Francisco Bay has been published in a joint paper by Dr. F. B. Sumner, Dr. G. D. Louderback, Mr. W. L. Schmitt, and Mr. E. C. Johnston (1914). Discussions and detailed data are given regarding the temperature, salinity, depth of the water, and the character of the bottom for the various stations occupied by the '' Albatross.'' These data serve as the basis for ecological studies now being made of the different groups of marine organisms obtained during the survey. The fact that much of the literature dealing with the California decapods, is to be found only in older publications, now out of print and in a large measure inaccessible to the average student, and that the more recent and very excellent works covering the region under discussion are either limited in circulation and consequently difficult to obtain or are very restricted in scope, prompted the expansion of this report upon^the decapod Crustacea collected by the "Albatross" in the course of this survey of'San Francisco Bay into a handbook of the marine decapod Crustacea of California. In all 220 (-f-1, Sergestes sp. ?) valid species are known or reported from California waters. The vast majority belong to the so-called littoral, or continental shelf fauna; only thirty-six (-f- 1 ?) are strictly deep sea, or abyssal forms, known only from depths exceed- ing 100 fathoms. The minimum depth from which the latter are known is indicated in all specific keys, thus distinguishing them from the forms with littoral records for which the California range limits are given. Eleven species appear to be new, not heretofore described: Qennadas pectinatus, Palaemonetes hiltowi, Spirontocaris lagunae,
  • 12. "mj 10 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL, 23 fci Spirontocaris francisoana, Crago lomae, Pachycheles holosericus, Pet- rolisthes ratKbunae, Paguristes ulreyi, Dardanus jordani, Pylopagurus holmesi, and Homola faxoni. The forty-seven species taken in the course of the biological survey of San Francisco Bay are, following the systematic treatment of each, more or less fully discussed from the point of view of their distribution and habitat within the region covered by the survey. With the exception of five obtained only at shore stations, TJpogebia pugettensis, Emerita analogs, Oedignathus inermis, Petrolisfhes cinctipes, and Pachygrapsus crassipes, and three from miscellaneous collections, Acantholithodes hispidus, Uandallia ornata, and Oregonia gracilis, these forty-seven species were taken at 133 (89%) of the 150 dredging stations, and 152 (50%) of the 305 hydrographic stations at which collecting apparatus was employed. • These stations are distributed as follows: 1 ! Or? •m Regions of Number of stations at which the bay collecting apparatus (for limitations was employed ' seep. 323) , ^ ^ Dredging Hydrographic Upper 22 80 Middle 73 109 Lower 38 107 Outside 17 9 Total 150 305 Number of stations at which decapods were taken Dredging 22 66 28 17 133 Hydrographic 37 43 72 152 A summarized discussion of the distribution of the bay fauna together with a few remarks on the geographical distribution of the California decapods in general concludes this paper. These remarks are confined to littoral records only, for aside from the fact that the deep sea fauna, as a rule, is more or less cosmopolitan in its distri- bution our knowledge of that occurring off California is too incom- plete at the present time to permit of more than a mere listing, which is included in appendix I. Beside this distributional list of all the California decapods, found in appendix I, there are two other appen- dices, which, however, deal only with the survey data. All extensions of range recorded are based on material contained in the collections of the U. S. National Museum. After figures indicative of salinity the expression per mille (°/oo) is to be understood. With the exception of those designated U.S.N.M., obtained through the courtesy of the U. S. National Museum, the line drawings, both copies of figures already published as well as the several original
  • 13. 1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 11 drawings, are the work of my wife, Alvina S. Schmitt. The photo- graphs, from which all plates not otherwise credited were made, are the work of Mr. John Howard Paine. Although no bibliography in the strict sense has been attempted,, the literature listed includes not only works cited in the text, but also a number of useful papers collaterally consulted. In the con- densed synonymy under each species, in addition to the citation of the original description, reference is made to all authors from whose works plates, figures, or extracts have been taken, and, wherever possible, to the three most recent and comprehensive works on Cali- .fornia Crustacea, a very able paper by Weymouth (1910) on the crabs of Monterey Bay, and those landmarks, as it were, of California carcinology by Holmes (1900) and Rathbun (1904a). From Weymouth I have taken many valuable color notes, several figures, and the greater part of his keys to the adult and juvenile specimens of the genus Cancer and the genera of the family Inachidae.. To the works of Holmes and Eathbun, however, my greatest debt of gratitude is due, for it is largely from them, as the reader will readily see, that the present paper has been compiled. The very comprehensive descriptions of Holmes have been freely drawn upon for many of the specific characterizations, as well as for the con- struction of several otherwise impossible keys for species I have not seen or was unable to examine. His excellent illustrations, for the greater part, have been reproduced. In form and systematic arrangement I follow Miss Rathbun in the main, and from her monograph (1904a) the keys and characters for the species of Pmiphaea, Pandalus, Spirontocaris, Crago, and Callianassa have been taken practically intact. Her classificatory keys, published in the American Naturalist (1900) were found very useful, especially in connection with the genera of the Inachidae and the Xanthidae. From her recent monograph on the Grapsoid Crabs of America (1918) considerable material relating to the family Pinno- theridae has been taken and a number of plates have been reproduced (plates 40 to 50 of the present paper). Furthermore, to Miss Rathbun personally I owe much for numer- ous helpful and valuable suggestions, and for the use of certain of her manuscript notes, particularly those dealing with the genera Randallia and Pinnixa. Acknowledgments are also due to Alcock, Bouvier, Borradaile, Caiman, Ortmann, Smith and Weldon, from whose treatises the
  • 14. 12 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 classification of the higher groups of Crustacea has been drawn; to Dr. Paul Bartsch, Dr. J. E. Benedict and Mr. Austin H. Clark of the U. S. National Museum; to Dr. F. B. Sumner of the Scripps Institu- tion, naturalist of the "Albatross" during the period covered by the survey; to Dr. C. A. Kofoid of the University of California, under whose supervision this report took its inception, and Dr. S. J. Holmes of the same institution, under whose direction it has been completed, as well as to the Bureau of Fisheries and the U. S. National Museum for facilities so freely furnished in the way of study collections and literature. The author realizes that this paper leaves much to be desired, but hopes that more thorough collecting and more intensive study will be encouraged thereby which will lead to a fuller knowledge of the Pacific Coast representatives of these interesting, and in many cases economically important forms. Transmitted April, 1916.
  • 15. 1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 13 II. EXPLANATION OF TEEMS AND MEASUEEMENTS The Decapoda are that order of Crustacea in which the carapace fuses dorsally with all the thoracic somites and in which the three anterior pairs of thoracic appendages are turned forward to act as maxillipeds, or foot-jaws. Their gills are contained within a special branchial chamber on each side of the thorax but underneath the cara- pace. The order Decapoda includes the forms commonly known as crabs, shrimps, prawns, crayfish, lobsters, and hermit crabs. The typical decapod crustacean is divided into three major body regions, head, thorax and abdomen, the first two of which are coalesced, and are dorsally covered by a common, unjointed, cephalo-thoracic shield, the carapace. Typically there are nineteen pairs of append- ages, a pair to each of the nineteen true somites into which the body is divided, grouped as follows: I. The Head, composed of five indistinguishably fused somites, cov- ered by the anterior portion of the carapace, and carrying the first five pairs of appendages: 1. The first pair of appendages are the antennules, or first antennae as they are sometimes known. 2. The second pair of appendages are the antennae. 3. The third, the mandibles, or jaws proper. 4 and 5. The fourth and fifth pairs are the first and second pairs of maxillae, or accessory jaws. In view of their development the eyes have not been con- sidered true appendages here. Whether they are or not is a much mooted question (cf. Caiman, 1909, p. 9). II. The Thorax, composed of eight somites which are dorsally fused with and also covered by the carapace, and which carry the next eight pairs of appendages: 6, 7 and 8. The first three pairs of thoracic appendages are the first, the second, and the third, or outer, external, pair of maxillipeds, foot-jaws. 9. The fourth pair of thoracic appendages is the first of the five pairs of legs from which this order of the Crustacea derives its name. The legs of this first pair are usually chelate, though they may be either subchelate or simple,
  • 16. 14 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 both or one only. When chelate or subchelate they are known as chelipeds. In the Brachyura, or true crabs, they are always chelate. When simple they are more properly called ambulatory legs. 10, 11, 12 and 13. The next four pairs of thoracic appendages are the second, third, fourth, and fifth pairs of legs. They may be either simple, chelate or subchelate, all or in part only. Although usually spoken of as the first, second, third and fourth pairs of ambulatory legs (ex- cept when the first legs, no. 9 above, are simple and included in the total number of ambulatory legs), strictly speaking only the simple pairs are ambulatory in the true sense of the word. In the Brachyura these four pairs of appendages are frequently designated simply as the first, second, third or fourth pairs of legs, in contradistinction to the chelipeds (no. 9, above). This nomenclature, however, has not been adopted in the characterizations of the species listed in this paper. All mention of gills and branchial formulae has been purposely omitted as they are more or less difficult for the beginner or average student; only for the specialist have they peculiar interest. III. The Abdomen, composed of six true somites, or segments, and a terminal joint, or segment, the telson, a flattened usually pointed tail-piece which never bears appendages and is not considered a true somite. 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18. The first five pairs of abdominal appen- dages are the pleopods, or " swimmerets," as they are sometimes called. The first one or two pairs in the males of some forms are variously modified to serve as acces- sory sexual organs; one or more, or all of the pleopods may be reduced, rudimentary, or wanting. 19. The last pair of abdominal appendages are the uropods and when present they constitute together with the tel- son the so-called "tail-fan." The following seven diagrammatic figures give a graphic exposition of the parts, appendages, and body regions of typical decapod crus- taceans :
  • 17. R o s t r u m - W n 3 t n m e a s u r e d t o posterior m a r g i n of o r b i t .arapa.ce Eye- Cornea I ^Frontal regmrT - Supraorbital .spine A b d o m e n - s o m i t e s or" segments M Z , ,, r - , . ^ r ..„_ ' C a r d i a c sTaik'vJ Orbital r +• • • ' * region - — — - J ^ ^ region^* t i a s t n c r e j o n _ . . . — - • fVritennal scale (acicle) ^ v ^ c l e . . . : : ^ ^ S u b - o r b i T a l ipine , ' ; V ^ ^ P i n e ^ ' ^ A n t e n n o l spine X ^ ' f i n N - " ' reg.on , r ^- Y . . - x „ i - ••••-•itr&'-B.— r . - ' - * i - - - v . B r a n c h i a l A n t e n n a J y-^>^^^^^^'f^ r e a i o n »* -^ Is rTeryaostomian .tpinp ...._»A ' S^ e C> 53 ^ &H L~J • • ' /o'-Cy J CHeliped.-' / o a C ^ W ;(First lea) A ^ X <-l SubchelaTe 1 o-S / H '•.hand or / o a f / . . y j chela/a!" ^ - / r v E ^ X •./—Movable : 4 /j/ •••' S r ' ^r lit /|F PleoVa of , h e Q b ''>>/ r ^ Ischium v (lacViiopodite^ Merus (Meropodite) Carpus (Carpopodite) Propodus (Propodite) P l e o p c W s (5wimmerets) ' D a c t y l us ( Dactyl o p o d i t e ) Telson O Ambulatory or w a l K i n a leas
  • 18. 16 University of California} Publications in Zoology ["VOL. 23 Fig. 2. Cross-section of a typical somite Fig. 3. Typical macruran mandible, (adapted from Caiman). . propodlTe. dactylopodiTe I carpopodiTe cndopodite < proTopodiTfe exopodiTe I basipodtTe mlJ coxopodiTe l epipod'ite Fig. 4. Typical third maxilliped of a macruran decapod (adapted from Caiman). idactylopodite. "] ipropodiTe. I palpof mcuilliped lopodiTeJ endoanoth (endopodite) ipodi' proTopodiTe Fig. 5. Typical third maxilliped of a brachyuran (crab-like) decapod (adapted from Brooks). Cervical groove Branchio -cardiac oroove Fig. 6. Dorsal view showing regions on a brachyuran carapace (adapted from Pearson).
  • 19. 1921] Schrndtt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 17 Fig. 7. Ventral view of anterior part of body of a brachyuran decapod. The roof of the buccal cavity is known as the endostome or palate. Measurements.—Length is always measured on the median line from the anterior to the posterior margin. The length of the rostrum is measured from the line connecting, in shrimps, the posterior, and in crabs the upper margins of the orbits. "The length of segments is measured on the upper or anterior margin. The length of the whole cheliped or leg is measured on the lower margin from the articulation of the coxa with the sternum to the tip of the dactylus. The length of the immovable finger is measured from the tip to,the extremity of the sinus between the fingers." (Rathbun, 1918, p. 8.) Width of carapace, and of segments of the chelipeds and legs is measured at the widest part. "The fronto-orbital width is measured from the outer angle of one orbit to the outer angle of the other." In crabs "the width of the rostrum is measured at its posterior end." (Op. cit., p. 8.)
  • 20. 18 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 III. SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION OF THE CALIFORNIA REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ORDER DECAPODA K E Y TO THE SUBORDERS OF THE DECAPODA I. .Body almost always laterally compressed (macrurous, shrimp-like). First abdominal segment not much smaller than the rest. First antennae usually having a scale at base; second antennae with scale generally large and lamellar. Legs usually slender except sometimes a stout chelate limb or pair, which may be any one of. the first three pairs, with basipodite and ischiopodite never coalesced, and only one fixed point in the carpo-propodal articulation. Male genital apertures in the articular membrane between the coxopodites of the last (fifth) pair of legs, and the body; female genital apertures on the coxopodites of the third pair of legs, (except in one genus, Leucifer, not represented'in California fauna; the sex of ovigenous females is self-evident). Pleopods always present in full number, well developed, and used for swimming. Natantia, p. 18. II. Body not well compressed, usually depressed (anomurous, hermit-crab-like, or brachyurous, crab-like, rarely macrurous, shrimp-like). First abdominal segment distinctly smaller than the rest. First antennae without a scale; second antennae, scale generally small or absent. Legs strong, first pair usually stouter than their fellows, others never so, basipodite and ischio- podite almost always coalesced in the first pair and generally in the others; two fixed points in the carpo-propodal articulation. Male genital apertures on the coxopodites of the last (fifth) pair of legs or on the sternum of the corresponding somite; female genital apertures on the coxopodites of the third pair of legs or on the sternum of the corresponding somite (the sex of ovigerous females is self-evident). Pleopods often reduced or absent, rarely used for swimming. Reptantia, p. 104. SUBORDER NATANTIA . - K E Y TO THE TRIBES OF THE NATANTIA I. Pleura of second abdominal segment overlap those of first; abdomen generally with sharp bend. Third legs not chelate. Carides, p. 26. II. Pleura of first abdominal segment not overlapped by those of second; abdomen without sharp bend. Third legs chelate. A. Legs of third pair not stouter than those of first two pairs. Peneicles, p. 19. B. One or both legs of third pair longer and much stouter than those of first two pairs. (No representatives of this group found in the region cov- ered by this paper.) Stenopides.
  • 21. 1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 19 Tribe PENEIDES K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA FAMILIES OF THE PENEIDES I. Last two pairs of legs well developed. . Peneidae, p. 20. II. Last one or two pairs of legs reduced in size, rudimentary or wanting. Sergestidae, p. 19. Family SERGESTIDAE Eostrum very small or wanting. Antennules with two flagella, one long and one short, rudimentary one which in the male is frequently furnished with a small tertiary branch. Mandibles with cutting edge smooth, and palp of two segments. First pair of legs simple, second and third pairs minutely chelate, legs increasing in length from first to third pairs; fourth and fifth pairs simple, reduced in size and number of segments. Genus Sergestes Milne Edwards Body long and slender, integument membranaceous. Eostrum very short. Antennules without a scale on inner edge; of the two antennular flagella, one is very long and the other very short, the short one in the male bifurcating to form a prehensile apparatus. Mandibular palp long, thin, and narrowly foliaceous. No exopodites on any of the thoracic appendages except the first maxillipeds. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA SPECIES OF SERGESTES I. Eostrum spiniform. Cornea larger than eye-stalk. (Known: only from 145 + fathoms.) similis, p. 19. II. Eostrum lobiform. Cornea no larger than eye-stalk. (Known only from 417 fathoms.) sp. indet., p. 20. Sergestes similis Hansen Plate 12, figure 7 Sergestes atlanticus Bate, "Challenger" Eept. Zool., 24, Macrura, p. 389, 1888 (part: specimen from station 232). Sergestes similis Hansen, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 60, pi. 11, figs. 6a-Qd, 1903. Sergestes atlanticus Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 145, 1904 (part: only specimens taken by the "Albatross"), not S. atlanticus Milne Edwards. Eig. /8: Sergestes similis, a, dorsal view of anterior end, X 5; 6, lateral view of rostrum, X 12 (after Hansen).
  • 22. 20 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL.23 Characters.—Eostrum nearly oblong-triangular, with a distinct upward trend, tip acute. Anterior margin of carapace below the rostrum strongly convex and protruding; supraocular and hepatic spines well developed; gastro-hepatic groove distinct. Corneae large, broader than deep, scarcely as long as broad. First joint of antennular peduncle considerably longer than the third, outer margin as long as the same margin of the two distal joints together; second joint rather slender and scarcely longer than the slender third joint. Antennal scale moderately broad at the end, with spine projecting beyond the terminal margin. Third maxillipeds scarcely longer than the third legs. Sixth segment of abdomen twice as long as deep; about as long as, or slightly longer than fourth and fifth together. Dimensions.—Type: length 54 mm.; of largest specimen measured by Miss Eathbun 52 mm.; average about 40 mm. Type Locality.—Off Japan, 345 fathoms ("Challenger" station 232, lat. 35° 11' N, long. 139° 28' E ) . Distribution.—Also taken by the "Albatross" from off Destruction Island, Washington, to the Gulf of California, northwest of Tiburon Island, 145 to 2228 fathoms. The depth for one station (4468) in Monterey Bay is recorded as 51-309-32 fathoms. Sergestes sp. indet. Sergestes sp. indet., Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 146, 1904. " A single mutilated female Sergestes, without maxillipeds or trunk-legs, was dredged by the 'Albatross' in 417 fathoms off San Diego, California, station 2928. It resembles S. mollis Smith [Eept. U. S. Commissioner Fisheries for 1882, pp. 419-421]. Body stout; length about 38 mm. The rostrum and anterior outline are as in that species. There is a minute hepatic spine. A strong ridge runs from the anterior margin at the outer edge of the eye-stalk backward to the posterior margin; the front part of the ridge is higher up than in S. mollis; at its middle the ridge gives off a weaker branch directed obliquely downward and backward, and then backward to the posterior margin. Gastro-cardiac groove deep; cervical groove present. Eyes a little shorter than in S. mollis, reaching % the length of the first antennular segment; cornea brown. Antennular peduncle rather stout, first joint the longest, 1% times the second joint; second and third subequal; notch in outer side of first segment very slight. Antennal scales broken off. Abdomen as in S. mollis. Telson broken off. No hairs visible on outer margin of outer uropod." (Eathbun.) Family PENEIDAE Eostrum usually well developed, sometimes short and elevated, laterally com- pressed, often toothed. Antennules with two flagella; basal joint of peduncle dorsally concave for the eye, and strengthened at the base, on outer side, by a spine-like scale. Mandibles with incisor process, and palp of one or two segments. First three pairs of legs similar, chelate, and slender, increasing in length from before backward; remaining two pairs well developed, simple. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA GENERA OF THE PENEIDAE I. Eostrum toothed above and below. Inner border of first segment of antennular peduncle with a twisted setose scale. (Not known north of San Francisco Bay.) Peneus, p. 21.
  • 23. 1921] Sckmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 21 II. Eostrum if armed, toothed above only. Setose scale on inner border of first segment of antennular peduncle wanting or quite rudimentary. A. Endopodites of second maxillipeds of the usual subpediform shape. (Known only from*331+ fathoms.) Benthesicymus, p. 22. B. Endopodites of second maxillipeds with merus thin, broad, and compressed, expanded into a thin, oval leaf-like process, or lamina, completely con- cealing the next three joints when flexed. (Known only from 266 + fathoms.) , Gennadas, p. 23. Genus Peneus Weber Eostrum well developed, toothed above and below. Outer edge of basal joint of antennular peduncle produced anteriorly into a spine; inner edge, proximally, with a conspicuous, twisted, setose scale; antennular flagella shorter than the cara- pace. Mandibular palp large and broadly foliaeeous, two jointed, second joint vastly larger than the first. Exopodites on all or all but the last pair of legs. Peneus brevirostris Kingsley Peneus brevirostris Kingsley, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 30, 98, 1878. Penaeus calif orniensis Holmes, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 7, 218, pi. 4, figs. 64-69, 1900. Penaeus brevirostris Eathbun, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 4, 287, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 146, 1904. Fig. 9. Peneus brevirostris; a, hand and carpus of first pair of legs; b, hand and carpus of second pair; c, hand and carpus of third pair; d, lateral view of carapace; e, lateral view of abdomen (after Holmes).
  • 24. 22 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 Characters.—Eostrum exceeding eyes, but falling short of antennular peduncle; above ciliate and armed with nine to ten teeth, below with two small teeth near depressed tip.; rostrum continued backward as a carina, nearly to posterior margin of carapace and suleate posterior to last tooth. Carapace with sulcus parallel to and on each side of dorsal carina, continued forward from posterior extremity of dorsal carina onto lateral ridges of rostrum; outer margins of sulci more promi- nent near last rostral tooth and distinctly flared outward. Telson acute, deeply suleate above, and devoid of lateral spines or spinules; greatly exceeded by the uropods. Dimensions.—Length 42 mm., carapace 10 mm., rostrum 5 mm. (Kingsley). Of specimen examined by Holmes, length from tip of rostrum to tip of telson 182 mm.; carapace, including rostrum, 41 mm.; rostrum 24 mm. Type Locality.—Estero at Eealijo-, west coast Nicaragua (salt water). Distribution.—San Francisco Bay, California to Panama; Galapagos Islands. To a depth of 5 1 % fathoms (Eathbun). Genus Benthesicymus Bate Eostrum short, elevated, compressed; if armed, toothed above only. Outer edge of basal joint of antennular peduncle armed with one or two spines; no scale on inner edge; antennular flagella longer than the carapace. Mandibular palp foliaceous, two-jointed, second joint narrower and shorter than the first. Exopodites of second maxillipeds much longer than endopodites; endopodites subpediform with last three joints more or less flexed on the merus. Exopodites on all the legs decreasing in size posteriorly until they become rudimentary on the last pair of legs. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA SPECIES OF BENTHESICYMUS I. Median carina of fifth and sixth abdominal segments terminating posteriorly in a small acute tooth. tannen, p. 23. II. Fifth and sixth abdominal segments devoid of teeth; posterior margin of sixth segment raised to form a peculiar transverse ridge. altus, p. 22. Benthesicymus altus Bate Plate 11, figure 2 Benthesicymus altus Bate, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5), 8, 191, 1881; "-Chal- • lenger" Eept., Zool., 24, Macrura, p. 336, pi. 58, fig. 1, 1888; Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 18, 203, 1895. Characters.—Eostrum short, compressed, apex styliform, crest thin and armed with two teeth, continued back as a carina as far as the cervical groove, posterior to which the dorsal surface is smooth and rounded; last three abdominal segments much compressed, the fourth but slightly carmated, more so on the posterior half than anteriorly, the sixth segment with a small but decided carina, which fades out before it reaches the transversely elevated posterior margin. Dimensions.—Type, female: length 120 mm. Type Locality.—Between Australia and New Guinea, 1400 fathoms (''Chal- lenger" station 184). v Distribution.—South Pacific; Philippines; Japan; South Atlantic, off Tristan da Cunha; 500 to 1900 fathoms (Bate). Gulf of Panama; west coast of Central
  • 25. 1921] Schm/itt: The Mwine Decapod Crustacea of California 23 America; Galapagos Islands; 1360 to 2232 fathoms (Faxon). Off San Nicolas Island, California; 1350 to 2182 fathoms ("Albatross" station 4390). Remarks.—In Bate's figure of this species there appears to be a small spine on the side of the carapace although none is mentioned in his description. In the "Albatross" specimens there is no spine at this place (Faxon). Benthesicymus tanneri Faxon Benthesicymus tanneri Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 24, 215, 1893; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 18, 205, pi. H, 1895; Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 147, 1904. Fig. 10. Benthesicymus tanneri, <$, lateral view of carapace, X % (after. Faxon). Characters.—Eostrum short, acute, laterally compressed, raised above the orbit into a crest, which is armed with two slender, acute teeth; rostral crest continued backward as a sharp keel on the median line of the carapace, as far as the cervical groove, behind which it is obsolescent. First three abdominal segments of the abdomen are thick, rounded, and devoid of dorsal carina, or tooth; the fourth faintly carinate but not toothed; the fifth and sixth distinctly carinate and armed with a small, acute posterior tooth; telson short, convex above, and armed with three pairs of lateral spinules. Dimensions.—Type: length 112 mm.; length of carapace 44.5 mm.; of rostrum 8 mm. Color.—When alive deep red, with a large patch of bright blue on the back of the second, third, and fourth abdominal segments; eyes black (Faxon). Type Locality.-—Gulf of California, 905 fathoms ("Albatross" station 3436). Distribution.—From off San Diego, California, to Ecuador; Galapagos Islands; 331 to 1322 fathoms (Eathbun). "Remarks.—-This species is very similar to B. altus, and regarding it Faxon says: " I n this species the carina on the fifth and sixth abdominal segments terminates posteriorly in a small acute tooth, whereas in the preceding species, B. altus, these segments are destitute of teeth, the posterior margin of the sixth rising to form a peculiar transverse ridge." Genus Gennadas .Bate Very similar to Benthesicymus. Exopodites of second maxillipeds only about as long as endopodites, which have a thin, broad, expanded oval merus, beneath which the three terminal joints are concealed when flexed. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA SPECIES OP GENNADAS I. Eostrum armed with a single tooth; dorsal carina distinct nearly to posterior margin of carapace. borealis, p. 24. II. Eostrum armed with two slender, acute teeth; dorsal carina fading out before reaching cervical groove. pectinatus, p. 25.
  • 26. 24 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 Gennadus borealis Rathbun Gennadus borealis Eathbun, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 887, 1902; H. A. E., o d a b Fig. 11. Gennadas borealis; a, lateral view of carapace, 5, X 2; b, thelyeum, X 5; o, petasma, X 5; d, foot of first pair, J1 , X 3 (Eathbun, U. S, N. M.). Characters.—Eostrum reaching at least half way along the eye-stalk, some- times to the cornea, armed with a single tooth; carina very distinct nearly to the posterior margin of the carapace, but sharpest in front of the cervical groove; a sharp marginal spine at the angle of the antero-lateral sinus. Eyes light brown, globular, having a speck of black pigment near their base on the outer margin of the stalk; tubercle large and acute. Antennal scale extends beyond the anten- nular peduncle by about the length of the last segment of the peduncle.' Chelae of first pair of feet narrow and elongate, as in the succeeding pairs. Thelycumi consisting of a horizontal, convex, subtriangular plate, or tubercle, placed between the third pair of legs, followed by two transverse plates'between the fourth and fifth pairs. The anterior of these two plates is subquadrilateral, narrowest in front; the posterior plate is somewhat fan-shaped, narrow behind, its anterior margin rounding and with a blunt median point. The andricum or petasma2 consists of a pair of small leaves not in contact, each of which is attached at its proximal end; at extremities of distal margin are two lobes or teeth, the outer of which is curved; the inner portion is partially folded to form an irregular longitudinal plate. Exopodites of first abdominal appendages not so long as the carapace; between the bases of these appendages is a sharp spine, equally developed in both sexes. Sixth abdominal somite carinate, more than twice as long as fifth; telson with a small lateral spine at its posterior fourth, two spines at tip. Dimensions'.—Type, male: length of carapace and rostrum 13.6 mm., of abdomen on middle line 29 mm.; female: length of carapace and rostrum 18 mm., of abdomen on middle line 37 mm. Type Locality.—Off Copper Island, Kamchatka, 1567 fathoms ("Albatross" station 3783). Distribution.—Also taken by the "Albatross" from north of Eat Islands, Aleutians, to off South Coronado Island, Lower California, 266 to 2182 fathoms. Remarks.—Very near G. parvus Bate, but differs in the longer rostrum, the presence of a lateral spine on the telson, the greater length of the antennal scale, the elongated chelae of the first pair of feet, and the different form of the thelyeum and andricum or petasma (Eathbun). i An accessory reproductive structure on the ventral surface of the cephalo- thorax peculiar to the female. 2 A membranous accessory reproductive structure attached to the first pair of pleopods of the male.
  • 27. 1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 25 Gennadas pectinatus, sp. nov. Plate 11, figure 1 Fig. 12. Gennadas pectinatus; thelycum. Description.—Rostrum slightly ascending, with a styliform apex, and armed above with two slender teeth, of which the posterior is situated just above the posterior margin of the orbit and the anterior just behind the middle of the rostrum; the rostrum exceeds the eyes by one-half the length of that portion lying anterior to the anterior dorsal spine; dorsal carina continued backward as far as the cervical groove, behind which the dorsal surface of the carapace is smooth and rounded; at the antero-lateral sinus is a sharp marginal spine. Byes apparently devoid of pigment; tubercle on inner angle of somewhat flattened eyestalk, small and blunt. Spine of antennal scale falls short of the extremity of the blade by nearly the width of the blade at the end of the spine; antennular peduncle reaching a little beyond middle of antennal scale. Endopodites of external or third maxillipeds broken off. Palm and fingers of first pair of chelipeds subequal in length; of the second pair the palm is about four-fifths the length of the fingers. Thelycum as figured (fig. 12), a hastate, medially carinated plate between the bases of the fourth pair of legs, a curved spine between the third pair, and a more or less rectangular pubescent area between the last pair of legs. Exopodites of first abdominal appendages as long as distance from tip of rostrum to posterior margin of first abdominal segment, including carapace; between the bases of these appendages there is a thickened triangular plate with a blunt, forwardly-direeted apex. Fifth and sixth abdominal segments carinated, carina of fifth ending in a small, sharp spine, which projects beyond the posterior margin of the segment. Sixth segment more than twice as long as the fifth, with posterior end partly broken away; it may have ended in a spine like the fifth. There is a small spine at the postero-ventral angle of the sixth segment, and a large one at the postero-dorsal angle of the epimeron of the fifth. Fourth abdom- inal segment armed on the posterior margin with a peculiar comb-like structure, a series of pectinations beginning with a few denticles just above the epimeron, which increase in size and become spine-like toward the median line, forming there quite conspicuous teeth which in the type specimen are as much as one and one-half millimeters long. Outer blade of uropods exceeding the inner by about one-third of their length; telson with four pairs of lateral spines, tip broken. Dimensions.—Type, female: length of carapace and rostrum 41 mm., of abdo- men to extremity of broken telson 74 mm. Type Locality.—Known only from a single female specimen (Cat. No. 53329, U.S.N.M.), dredged by the "Albatross" in 1350 to 2182 fathoms, off Santa Catalina Island, California (station 4390). Remarks.—This species differs, so far as I am aware, from all known species of Gennadas in the peculiar armature of the posterior margin of the fourth abdominal segment.
  • 28. 26 University of California Publicationsrin Zoology [VOL.23 Tribe CARIDES K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA FAMILIES OF THE CARIDES I. Exopodites on all legs; first two pairs chelate; second wrists undivided. A. Exopodites of second maxillipeds rudimentary or wanting. Eostrum short or wanting, often represented by a postfrontal tooth .or spine. Pasiphaeidae, p. 27. B. Exopodites of second maxillipeds large. Eostrum moderately or well developed. Oplophoridae, p. 32. II. No exopodites on legs. A. One or both legs of first pair simple; legs of second pair unequal, second wrists subdivided (multiarticulate). 1. Only one leg of first pair simple, the other chelate. Eostrum not toothed except at apex, which is obscurely bifid. (Not known north of San Diego.) Lysmatidae, p. 80. 2. Both'legs of first pair simple; first two pairs slender. Eostrum large and toothed. Pandalidae, p. 40. B. Both legs of first pair chelate or subchelate. 1. First pair of legs subchelate; second wrists undivided. Eostrum small, or wanting; occasionally a somewhat • elongate suberect spine. Cragonidae, p. 81. 2. First pair of legs chelate; second wrists either subdivided or undi- vided. a. Second wrists undivided. i. First antennae with two flagella, one usually cleft a little dis- tance from the tip. (Not known north of Santa Cruz Island.) Pontoniidae, p. 37. ii. First antennae with three flagella, owing to cleavage of one almost, or quite to the base. (Not known north of San Pedro.) Palaemonidae, p. 34. b. Second wrists subdivided (multiarticulate). i. Eyes covered by carapace. First legs much stronger than the rest; second wrists divided into five segments. Eostrum small or wanting. Grangonidae, p. 73. ii. Eyes not covered by carapace, free. First legs not much stronger than the rest; second wrists divided into three, seven, or many segments. Eostrum generally prominent. a. Second pair of legs equal or subequal; wrists divided into three, seven, or about thirty-two segments. Eostrum toothed; rarely reduced in size. Eippolytidae, p. 47.
  • 29. 1921] Schmitt: The Mwrme Decapod Crustacea of California 27 &. Second pair of legs unequal, wrist of longer leg about twice length of shorter one, wrists multiarticulate. Ros- trum not toothed, except at apex, which is obscurely bifid. (Not known north of San Diego.) Lysmatidae, p. 80. Family PASIPHAEIDAE Eostrum short or wanting, often represented by a postfrontal (gastric) tooth or spine. Mandibles lacking molar .process, consisting of incisor process alone, with or without palp of one or two segments. Exopodites present on all thoracic legs and on third or external maxillipeds, rudimentary or wanting on second max- illipeds but often constituting the chief part of the first maxillipeds. First two pairs of legs similar, ending in elongate chelae with long, slender fingers, and stouter than the remaining three pairs, which are undersized and imperfectly formed. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA GENERA OF THE PASIPHAEIDAE I. Eostrum wanting, represented by a postfrontal (gastric) tooth or spine. Pasiphaea, p. 27. II. A short, normally formed rostrum present. . Parapasiphae, p. 31. Genus Pasiphaea Savigny Body strongly compressed. Eostrum wanting, represented by a postfrontal gastric spine or tooth. Frontal margin of carapace with orbits but slightly excavate and imperfectly defined. Mandibles without a palp. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA SPECIES OF PASIPHAEA I. Carapace carinated throughout its length. A. Telson truncate, not forked or notched. (Known only from 250 + fathoms.) magna, p. 28. B. Telson forked or notched. 1. Branchiostegal spine over the angle of the anterolateral sinus. pacifica, p. 29. . 2. Branchiostegal spine farther forward, near or on anterior margin. a. Telson longer than sixth segment. (Known only from 250 + fathoms.) emarginata, p. 30. * b. Telson shorter than sixth segment. (Known only from 750 + fathoms.) corteziana, p. 30. II. Carapace not carinated in its posterior half. (Known only from 950 + fathoms.) affinis, p. 31.
  • 30. 28 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL.23 Pasiphaea magna Faxon ? Pasipliaea magna Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 24, 209, 1893; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 18, 176, pi. 45, figs. 2-2c, 1895. Pasiphaea magna? Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 19, fig. 1, 1904. a b Fig. 13. Pasiphaea magna, a, lateral view of carapace, X % (after Faxon); b, telson, X 1% (from Eathbun, U. S. N. M.). Miss Eathbun had a number of specimens from California which she doubt- fully referred to this species. Eegarding them, she said (1904, p. 19'): " T h e identification of these specimens with P. magna is doubtful, but as I have not had the opportunity of comparing them with the type, they are placed here provisionally. Though from the same depth of water, the integument is much firmer in our examples than in the type, the carapace is deeper and its dorsal outline less arched, the branchial ridge is straighter throughout the posterior half of its course, the palm of the first pair of chelae is longer than the fingers. The largest specimen, an ovigerous female... is 155 mm. long. The telson is a little longer than the sixth segment of the abdomen, and reaches about to the end of the inner uropod; it is broadly channeled, extremity truncate or slightly convex, and armed with about 13 slender bristles.... In the first pair of legs the palm is about one-third longer than the fingers; in the second pair the right merus has 14 spines, the left 13. Characters.—Of Pasiphaea magna, taken from Faxon: Carapace a little less than two-fifths of the length of the whole body; laterally compressed, dorsally carinate; carina rounded, except on anterior part of gastric area, where it assumes the form of a sharp keel, and is continuous with the acute-tipped, blade-like tooth which simulates a true rostrum; this tooth reaches forward nearly to the anterior extremity of the eyes; its lower margin is convex, with its hinder part resting closely upon and apparently anchylosed with the frontal region of the carapace. Palm of first pair of legs somewhat shorter than the daetylus; merus armed with four or five spines on its inferior edge. Second pair of legs a little longer than the first pair, with a longer and more slender chela. The second segment (basi- podite) is armed with a small spine at the distal end of the inferior edge; inferior edge of merus armed with thirteen spines; carpus armed with one long spine at distal end of lower margin. All abdominal segments dorsally carinated; carina obsolescent on first segment. Dimensions.—Type of P. magna: length 145 mm.; carapace, including anterior dorsal tooth, 55 mm. Type Locality.—Gulf of Panama, 458 fathoms ("Albatross" station 3384). Distribution.—Also taken by the ' ' Albatross'' from off Point Arena to off Point Loma, California, 276 to 552 fathoms.
  • 31. 1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decaipod CrusMo&a -of Cdlifotnia 29 Pasiphaea pacifica Rathbun Pasiphaea pacifica Eathbun, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 905, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 20, fig. 2, 1904. Tig. 14. Pasiphaea pacifica; 5, a, lateral view, X 1%; i, telson, X 3% (from Eathbun, U. S. N. M.). Characters.—Carapace a little less than half the length of the abdomen. Gas- tric tooth variable, more or less inclined upward, terminally usually slender, anterior margin concave; continued back as a thin, sharp keel, which becomes a rounded ridge behind the gastric region. Branchiostegal spine situated over the angle of the anterolateral sinus. Second to sixth abdominal segments, inclu- sive, carinate. Telson four-fifths as long as sixth somite of abdomen; dorsal surface channeled; extremity with a deep notch. Dimensions.—Type, female: length 64.8 mm.; length of carapace 20.3 mm. Type Locality.—Off Point Sur, California, 328 fathoms ("Albatross" station 3186). Distribution.—Prom Unalaska and the Gulf of Alaska, to the Gulf of Califor- nia, in 53 to 799 fathoms. Most frequent between 200 and 300 fathoms off the California coast. "One specimen from 13 fathoms, if label be correct" (Eath- bun). Remarks.—Differs from other species with earinated carapace in having the branchiostegal spine situated above the anterolateral sinus (Eathbun).
  • 32. 30 University of California Publications .in Zoology [VOL.23 Pasiphaea emarginata Rathbun Pasiphaea emarginata Rathbun, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 905, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 22, fig. 4, 1904. Fig. 15. Pasiphaea emarginata; $, a, telson, X 3 % ; 6, lateral view of cara- pace, X 1% (from Rathbun, TJ, S. N. M.). Characters.—Carapace equal to the first five segments and half of the sixth segment of the abdomen. Gastric tooth spiniform, continued back in a blunt carina nearly to the posterior margin. First to fifth segments of abdomen slightly earinated, sixth compressed above but scarcely earinate; telson longer than the sixth segment of the abdomen, extremity with a very shallow V-shaped notch. Dimensions.—Type, female: length 81 mm.; length of carapace 33.3 mm. Type Locality.—Gulf of California, off Concepcion Bay, 857 fathoms ("Alba- tross" station 3009). Distribution.—Also from off the Santa Barbara Islands and Santa Barbara Channel to off San Diego, California, 216 to 680 fathoms. Pasiphaea corteziana Rathbun Pasiphaea corteziana Rathbun, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 905, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 24, fig. 5, 1904. Fig. 16. Pasiphaea corteziana, S; a, lateral view of carapace, X 2; b, telson, X 2 % ; c, hand of second pair, X 2% (from Rathbun, TJ. S. N. M.). Characters.—Carapace equal to the first five and part of the sixth segment of the abdomen. Gastric tooth dentiform, continued back in a very blunt carina. Branchiostegal spine small, inserted near the anterolateral angle of the carapace just behind the anterior margin. Abdominal segments not earinate. Telson very nearly as long as the sixth abdominal segment; forked, with a deep notch. Dimensions.—Type, male: length 64 mm.; length of carapace 23.8 mm. Type Locality.—Near Cortez Bank, California, 776 fathoms ("Albatross" station 3627). Distribution.—Also taken by the "Albatross" off Point San Pedro, Santa Cruz Island, California, in 764 to 891 fathoms (station 4428).
  • 33. 1921] Schmitt: The Marine Deoapod Crustacea of California 31 Pasiphaea affinis Eathbun Pasiphaea affinis Eathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 905, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 24, fig: 6, 1904. Fig. 17. Pasiphaea affinis, £, a, telson, X 3 % ; b, hand of second pair, X 2 (from Eathbun, U. S. N. M.). Characters.—Carapace equal to the first four and half of the fifth segment of the abdomen; not earinated behind gastric tooth; otherwise much as in P. cor- tesiana. Second to sixth abdominal segments, inclusive, carinate. Telson very nearly as long as the sixth abdominal segment; extremity less deeply notched than in P. cortesiana. Dimensions.—-Type, male: length 67 mm.; length of carapace 22 mm. Type Locality.—Near Cortez Bank, California, 984 fathoms ("Albatross'.' station 2919). Genus Parapasiphae Smith Body moderately compressed. Eostrum present, short, normally formed. Mandibles with slender, two-jointed palp. Parapasiphae serrata Eathbun Parapasiphae serrata Eathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 904, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 25, fig. 7, 1904. Fig. 18. Parapasiphae serrata, $, X about 1% (from Eathbun, U. S. N. M.).
  • 34. 32 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL.23 Characters.—Carapace and rostrum as long as the first five abdominal seg- ments. The median carina extends backward to the posterior fifth of the carapace, or the cervical groove, and forward along the high, thin rostrum, which reaches half way along the eye-stalks; carina is armed with sixteen small teeth or spines, two of which are on the rostrum and one terminal; below this spine the rostrum is a compressed, finely crenulate lobe. Antermular scale as long as basal joint of peduncle. Antennal scale nearly half as long as carapace proper. First three abdominal segments not carinate; fourth segment posteriorly produced in a thin, compressed spine, which is carinate and has a slight notch at its base, visible in profile; sixth with a longitudinal groove on either side. Telson a little longer than sixth abdominal segment; extremity truncate. Dimensions.—Type, ovigerous female: length of carapace and rostrum 23.6 mm.; rostrum 1.8 mm.; abdomen 42 mm. Type Locality.—Off Cortez Bank, California, 984 fathoms ("Albatross" station 2919). Remarks.—This species is akin to P. gilesii Wood-Mason, from the Indian Ocean, which also has a serrated carina running the whole length of the carapace, but the character of the rostrum alone separates it distinctly from that species. In P. gilesii the rostrum is a fine, acute, incurved spine, extending about a third its length beyond the eyes (Eathbun). Family OPLOPHORIDAE (HOPLOPHORIDAE) Eostrum moderately or well developed. Mandible with a stout, three-jointed palp, and with incisor and molar process distinct but almost confluent; molar process small. All eight pairs of thoracic appendages with well developed exopo- dites. First two pairs of legs ending in small but well formed chelae; last three pairs of moderate length and subequal. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA GENERA OF THE OPLOPHOKIDAE I. Eostrum armed with teeth above and below. Second to sixth abdominal somites, inclusive, sharply carinate. (Known only from 485 + fathoms.) AcanthepTiyra, p. 32. II. Eostrum toothed above only. Abdomen devoid of a median carina. (Knowa only from 322 -f- fathoms.) Hymenodora. p. 33. Genus Acanthephyra Milne Edwards Body compressed. Eostrum rarely short, usually long; armed with teeth above and below. Endopodite of first maxillipeds composed of three segments; the two inner distal lobes of the second maxilla narrow and projecting beyond the basal lobe. Abdomen more or less carinate; carinae of some segments ending posteriorly in a tooth or spine. Eggs, so far as known, small and numerous.
  • 35. 1921] SchmM't: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 33 Acanthephyra curtirostris Wood-Mason Acanthephyra curtirostris Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), 7, 195, 1891; 9, 364, fig. 5, 1892; Illus. Zool. "Investigator," Crustacea, pi. 3, fig. 4, 1892; Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 18, 164, pi. 43, figs. 2-5, 1895; Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 27, 1904. Fig. 19. Acanthephyra curtirostris, rf, lateral view of carapace (after Faxon). Characters.—Carapace and rostrum less than half as long as the abdomen; carapace not distinctly carinated behind the gastric region. Eostrum a very thin, high, obliquely ascendant frontal crest, the acuminate peak of which does not exceed the antennular peduncle; armed above with seven to nine teeth, and below with one or, more rarely, two spines at or before the middle of the ventral border; occasionally the ventral tooth is obsolescent or but obscurely indicated. Second to sixth abdominal segments, inclusive, sharply carinate; each carina ends in a small tooth, that on the third segment being the larger, while that on the second and frequently also that on the sixth is scarcely defined; sixth segment more than half again as long as the fifth. Dimensions.—Type, male: length from tip of rostrum to end of telson 85 mm. Color.—In life crimson (Alcock). Type Locality.—Bay of Bengal, 840 fathoms ("Investigator" station 100). Distribution.—Arabian Sea, 937 to 1043 fathoms; Bay of Bengal, 364 to 913 fathoms; Andaman Sea, 922 fathoms (Alcock). From off San Clemente Island, California, to off Gulf of Panama, 485 to 2232 fathoms. Genus Hymenodora Sars Body almost round, not compressed; carapace only compressed in dorsal part, forming a sharp, high, median keel. Eostrum usually short, rarely long, armed with teeth above only. Endopodite of .first maxillipeds composed of only two segments; the two inner distal lobes of the second maxilla rather broad and not projecting beyond the basal lobe. Abdomen not carinate. Eggs usually of con- siderable size.
  • 36. 34 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL, 23 Hymenodora frontalis Kathbun Hymenodora frontalis Eathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 904, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 28, 1904. Fig. 20. Hymenodora frontalis, %, X about 2 (from Eathbuh, U. S. N. M.). Characters.—Surface covered with very fine wrinkles or rugose lines. Carapace and rostrum more than half as long as abdomen; median carina advanced in a rostrum which is unusually long for the genus, being from two-fifths to one-half as long as the remainder of the carapace and reaching the end or a little beyond the end of antennular peduncle. Eostrum a slender, sharp-pointed spine, distal half slightly curved upward, basal half armed above with three to six spines, two or three of which are beyond the line of the orbit. Abdomen devoid of a median carina or median spines; sixth segment two and a half times as long as fifth, and between three-fourths and four-fifths as long as telson. Dimensions.—Type, male: length of carapace and rostrum 19 mm.; of rostrum 6.5 mm.; of abdomen 32.5 mm. Type Locality.—West of Unalaska, 322 fathoms ("Albatross" station 3327). Distribution.—From Bering Sea to off San Clemente Island, California, and Kamchatka; 322 to 1771 fathoms. Bemarlcs.—The unusually long rostrum distinguishes this from other species of Hymenodora (Rathbun). Family PALAEMONIDAE Eostrum well developed, laterally compressed, and armed with teeth. Anten- nules with three flagella, owing to cleavage of one almost or quite to the base. Mandibles with incisor process, and with or without palp of three segments. First pair of legs chelate and shorter than second. Second pair equal and chelate, with segmented carpus, chelae generally larger than in first pair.
  • 37. 1921] Schrmtt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 35 K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA GENERA OF THE PALAEAIONIDAE I. Eostrum prominently toothed above only, about two-thirds as long as carapace, pronouncedly convex above, armed with five to seven teeth, with one or two small teeth below near tip; behind rostrum there is a median gastric spine. An hepatic spine present. Mandible without palp. (Not known north of San Diego Bay.) Urocaris, p. 37. II. Eostrum prominently toothed above and below. No hepatic spine. A. Eostrum about as long as carapace, armed with six to ten teeth above, one or two of which are behind the orbit, and with two to four teeth below. Mandible without palp. (Known only from San Pedro.) ' Palaemonetes, p. 36. B. Eostrum longer than carapace; armed with seven to eight teeth above, one or two of which are behind the orbit, and with three teeth below. Mandible with palp. (Not known north of San Diego.) Palaemon, p. 35. Genus Palaemon Fabrieius Eostrum prominently toothed above and below. Carapace furnished with antennal and branchiostegal spines, but without hepatie spine. Mandible with three-jointed palp. Palaemon ritteri Holmes Palaemon ritteri Holmes, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2), 4, 579, pi. 21, figs. 29-35, 1895; Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 7, 216, 1900; Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 29, 1904. Fig. 21. Palaemon ritteri; a, lateral view of carapace; b, mandible (after Holmes).
  • 38. 36 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL.23 Characters.—Eostrum longer than carapace, and tapering more or less evenly from the widest portion (which is about one-fourth as wide as the rostrum is long) to an acute tip; armed aboye with seven to eight teeth, one or two of which are behind the orbit; below with three teeth. Ocular peduncles short and stout; the ocellus lies between the cornea and the stalk. Antennal scale is shorter than the rostrum, with blade exceeding the spine. Dimensions.—Type: length 45 mm. Type Locality.—San Diego, California. Distribution.—From San Diego, California, to Gulf of California (Eathbun). Bay of St. Elena, Ecuador (Nobili). Genus Palaemonetes Heller Eostrum prominently toothed above and below. Carapace furnished with antennal and branchiostegal spine, but without hepatic spine. Mandible without palp. Palaemonetes hiltoni sp. nov. Plate 12, figure 5 Description.—Closely allied to P. TcadiaTcensis Eathbun (1902, p. 903; 1904a, p. 30, fig. 9), from Alaska, and intermediate between it and P. vulgaris Say (1818, p. 24.8), of the Atlantic. It differs from both P. TcadiaJcensis and P. vulgaris in the proportional length of the propodal and carpal joints of the first two pairs of legs and in the relative length of the sixth abdominal segment as compared to the fifth. The following table will suffice to show these differences in the three species mentioned above: Palaemonetes Jcadiakensis P. hiltoni P. vulgaris First pair of legs, propodus : carpus 1 : 2.20 1 : 1.75 1 : 1.50 Second pair of legs, propodus : carpus 1 : 2.00 1 : 1.00 1 : 0.60 merus : carpus .-. 1 : 1.50 1 : 1.00 1 : 0.88 Abdomen, fifth segment : sixth 1 : 2.00 1 : 1.66 1 : 1.50 Otherwise the description and figure of P. Tca&iakensis as given by Miss Eath- bun does very well for P. hiltoni. On the whole P. hiltoni is the stouter of the two with less elongate and attenuate legs and a relatively shorter and stouter sixth abdominal segment. Eegarding the number of rostral teeth of P. hiltoni, as only four specimens have been seen, no positive statement can be made. Those examined all had nine teeth on the rostrum and an additional one on the carapace behind the orbit; beneath the number ranged from three in three of the specimens to four in the fourth one. In P. Tcadialcensis the count based on a large number of specimens ranges from six to ten teeth above, of which one or two are behind the orbit, and from two to three teeth below. Dimensions.—Holotype (Cat. No. 48991, U. S. N. M.): length from tip of rostrum to end of telson 26 mm.; carapace and rostrum together 10.5 mm.' The three paratypes are respectively 20, 21, and 24 mm. in length. Type Locality.—San Pedro, California (Stout and Stafford coll.).
  • 39. 1921] Scfam&tt: The Marine Decwpod GrusfaceMh of GaMfornia 37 Genus Urocaris Stimpson Eostrum prominently toothed above only. Carapace with an hepatic spine, with or without antennal spine, and without branchiostegal spine. Mandible without palp. Urocaris infraspinis Rathbun Urocaris infraspinis Eathbun, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 903, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 31, fig. 10, 1904. Fig. 22. Urocaris infraspinis, < j > , X 3 % ; a, lateral view; &, dorsal view of anterior portion (from Eathbun, U. S. N. M.). Characters.—Eostrum about two-thirds as long as the carapace, pronouncedly convex above; armed with five to seven teeth, with one or two small teeth below near the tip; behind the rostrum there is a median gastric spine. Antennal and hepatic spines of good size; suborbital angle of carapace blunt. Ocular peduncles with a minute black ocellus above, towards the outside and beyond the limit of the cornea. Antennal scale much longer than the rostrum, with blade con- siderably exceeding the spine. Dimensions.—Type, ovigerous female: length of carapace and rostrum 6 mm., of rostrum 2.5 mm., of abdomen 15 mm. Type Locality.—Gulf of California, in Concepcion Bay, Lower California ( " Albatross " ) . Distribution.—San Diego Bay, California; Gulf of California (Eathbun). Family PONTONIIDAE Eostrum laterally compressed and armed with teeth or depressed and unarmed. Antennules with one of the two ftagella usually cleft a little distance from the tip. Mandible with incisor process but without palp. First pair of legs chelate and slender. Second pair chelate with one or both legs stouter or longer than first pair.
  • 40. 38 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA GENERA OF THE PONTONIIDAE I. Eostrum short, less than one-half length of carapace, depressed, bent down- ward, not dentate. One of the second pair of legs with very large chela. (Known only from off Santa Cruz Island.) Pontonia, p. 38. II. Eostrum often about as long as carapace, compressed, usually dentate, not bent downward. Second pair of legs long, slender, and equal. (Not known north of Santa Catalina Island.) Periclimenes, p. 39. Genus Pontonia Latreille Eostrum short, depressed, bent downward; not dentate; with or without a keel below at the free end. Both flagella of antennules short; thicker of the two bifid. Antennal scale of moderate length only, broad. One of the second pair of legs with very large chela. Pontonia californiensis Bathbun Pontonia californiensis Rathbun, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 902, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 33, fig. 11, 1904; Borradaile, Trans. Linn. Soe. London (Zool.), (2), 17, 389, 391, 1917. Fig. 23. Pontonia californiensis, $; dorsal view, X 4^7 (from Eathbun, U. S. N. M.).
  • 41. 1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 39 Characters.—Eostrum more than one-third the length of the remainder of carapace, very narrow, deflexed. Eight foot of second pair missing. Merus of left foot short and stout, carpus cup-shaped, palm and fingers subequal in length, palm two-thirds as broad as long, fingers gaping, prehensile edges denticulate, fringed with long hair. Telson twice as long as sixth somite, with two pairs of long lateral, appressed spines inserted on anterior half. Dimensions.—Type, female: length of carapace and rostrum 6.7 mm., of rostrum 1.8 mm., of abdomen 9 mm. Type Locality.—Off Santa Cruz Island, California, 30 fathoms ("Albatross" station 2945). Remarlcs.—This is the only Pontonia described from the west coast of North America, the P. margarita of Smith being a Conchodytes (Eathbun). Genus Periclimenes Costa Eostrum long, compressed, usually dentate, in side view diminishing gradually to a sharp point at the free end, not bent downward. Thicker flagellum of antennules long or moderate, bifid. Antennal scale long, usually narrow. Second pair of legs long, slender, and equal. Periclimenes tenuipes (Holmes) Anchista tenuipes Holmes, Oceas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 7, 216, 1900. Periclimenes tenuipes Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 34, fig. 12, 1904; Borradaile, Trans. Linn. Soc. London (Zool.), (2), 17, 368, 372, 1917. Periclimenes holmesi Nobili, Ann. Mus. Univ. Napoli (N. S.), 2, no. 21, 5, 1907; Borradaile, ibid., (2), 17, 376, 1917. Fig. 24. Periclimenes tenuipes, X 4; a, lateral view of carapace; &, foot of second pair (from Eathbun, U. S. N. M.). Characters.—Eostrum about as long as the carapace, rather deep near the middle, armed above with six or seven teeth, the last one or two on the carapace; lower side armed with three or four teeth; the last dorsal spine is near the anterior third of the carapace. A supraorbital, an antennal, and an hepatic spine present; anterolateral angle of the carapace rounded and devoid of spines. Ocular peduncles large and furnished with an ocellus between the cornea and the proximal part of the stalk. Second pair of legs slender and greatly elongated, the carpus reaching beyond the rostrum; ischium, merus, and carpus of subequal length; hand long, very narrow, subcylindrical, exceeding the length of the carpus and merus com- bined; fingers slender, straight, about tworthirds as long as the palm; tips hooked and crossed when fingers are closed. Telson with two pairs of dorsal spinules.
  • 42. 40 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL, 23 Dimensions.—Type: length of body 18 mm., of second chelipeds 16 mm., of hand 7 mm., of carpus 3 mm. Type Locality.—Santa Catalina Island, California. Distribution.—From Santa Catalina Island, California, to Gulf of California (Rathbun). Remarks.—The specimens in the U. S. National Museum, collected in the Gulf of California by the '' Albatross,'' from which the above figure was taken, ' ' agree with Holmes's description, except that the fingers of the second pair of feet are only a little over half as long as the palm and the posterolateral angle of the sixth abdominal segment is subacute" (Rathbun). Nobili (1917, p. 5) suggests the name holmesi for Peridimenes tenuipes (Holmes) which he says is preoccupied by P. tenuipes (Leach), but as there does not seem to be any original description I have retained Holmes's name. Borradaile says (1917, p. 376), " I have not been able to find the original description of it [P. tenuipes (Leach)]." Family PANDALIDAE Rostrum laterally compressed, long, and armed with teeth or spines. Mandibles with incisor process and palp of two or three segments. First pair of legs slender and usually simple, but often only apparently so, being at times micro- scopically chelate. Second pair long, slender, and chelate, with segmented carpus. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA. GENERA OF THE PANDALIDAE I. Antennules not longer than the carapace. No laminate expansions on the merus of the third maxilliped and the ischium of the first legs. Pandalus, p. 40. II. Antennules twice the length of the carapace. Merus of third maxillipeds and ischium of first legs with a longitudinally developed laminate expansion fringed with long hairs. Pandalopsis, p. 46. Genus Pandalus Leach Rostrum long and prominent, armed above with spines, which are for the greater part movable, and below with fixed and rigid teeth; rostrum continued backward upon the carapace as a median dorsal carina. Antennules not longer than the carapace. Mandible with a three-jointed palp. Second pair of legs unequal, with much segmented carpus. None of the species at present known from California have median spines on the abdomen. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA SPECIES OF PANDALUS I. Dorsal spines not reaching behind middle of carapace; tip of rostrum acum- inate, often with a small tooth behind the tip dorsally (P. jordani and P. platyceros), or trifid (P. montagui tridens). A. Sixth segment of abdomen slender, about three times as long as wide. Carapace smooth and shining.
  • 43. 1921] Schndtt: The Marms Decapod CfusMoew of CaUfornm 41 1. Eostrum with spines on distal half of superior margin, about one and three-fourths times as long as carapace, armed above with fourteen to seventeen spines, including four on the carapace, all movable except distal three; below with seven to ten immovable spines. jordani, p. 41. 2. Eostrum unarmed on distal half of superior margin, slender, about one and one-half to one and four-fifths as long as carapace, armed above with ten to twelve movable spines, of which three to five are on the carapace, the remainder confined to the basal half of the rostrum (posterior spine just in front of middle of carapace) below with six to seven immovable spines. montagui tridens, p. 42. B. Sixth segment of abdomen short and stout, about one and one-half times as long as wide. Carapace pubescent. Eostrum one and one-half to one and two-thirds times the carapace. Median crest arising half way back on the carapace, armed with fourteen to seventeen spines, extending to middle of rostrum, all movable except one to five anterior ones; usually a solitary spine not far behind acute tip; seven to eight fixed spines below. platyceros, p. 43. II. Dorsal spines extending behind middle of carapace; tip of rostrum trifid. A. Eostrum one and one-half times as long as carapace or more. Median dorsal spines eight to nine, all movable, rather distant; ventral spines nine to ten, immovable. Sixth segment of abdomen about one and one-half times as long as wide. (Not known north of Monterey Bay, or south of Santa Catalina Island.) gurneyi, p. 46. B. Eostrum less than one and one-half times as long as carapace. Median dorsal spines ten to twelve, movable; about half of them on the carapace, the posterior spine a little behind the middle; terminal half of rostrum, unarmed above; lower margin six to eight spines. Sixth segment of abdomen one and two-thirds as long as wide. (Not known south of San Francisco.) danae, p. 44. Pandalus jordani Eathbun Plate 14, figure 1 Fandalus jordani Eathbun, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 900, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 40, pi. 2, fig. 3, 1904. Characters.—Surface smooth and shining. Eostrum about one and three- fourths times as long as carapace, slightly arched above the eyes, terminal two- thirds ascending; slender; armed with fourteen to seventeen spines above, including four on the carapace, distal three immovable, others movable, closer together above the eye; seven to ten immovable spines below, extending nearer to tip than superior spines; tip acuminate; the posterior of the dorsal spines lies between the middle and the anterior third of the carapace. Antennal scale three-fourths to four-fifths as"- long as carapace, extremity of blade broadly
  • 44. 42 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL.23 rounded, and equally produced with the spine. Right leg of second pair extends about to end of antennal scale; the left leg may be half again as long; the right carpus has nineteen to twenty-two segments, the left fifty-eight to sixty-three segments. Third segment of abdomen compressed and its posterior half carinated, the carina interrupted by a slight lobe at the posterior third of the segment; this lobe is of varying size, at no time strong, and has a tendency to disappear in large specimens, in which it may occur only as a slight unevenness in the curve, seen in profile; posterior margin well produced backward, rounded, unarmed; sixth segment of abdomen slender, about three times as long as wide. Dimensions.—Type, ovigerous female: length 124.5 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 59.5 mm., of rostrum 38 mm. Type Locality.—Off Santa Cruz Island, California, 155 fathoms ("Albatross" station 2949). Distribution.—From Unalaska to off San Diego, California, 25 to 199 fathoms. "Remarks.—Distinguished from P. borealis (north Pacific and Atlantic), which has a similar rostrum, by the reduction of the abdominal lobe or hump and the absence of posterior median spines on third and fourth segments. Biological Survey of San Francisco Bay.-—Of the seventeen "out- side" stations, Pandalus jordani was taken at seven, D 5785-5791, representing all of those at which the depth exceeded 29 fathoms. At four of the stations from one to eighteen specimens were taken, from each of the other three more than fifty were obtained. With but one exception the bottom was "very fine, green sand." From exceptional station, D 5791, very little bottom material was brought up other than "refuse and garbage." The ranges for temperature and salinity recorded at the time of making the various hauls were respectively 9.3° to 12.2° C and 33.9 to 3*4.4. Crago alaskensis elongata also occurred quite abundantly at each of these stations. Pandalus montagui tridens Rathbun Plate 13, figure 2 Pandalus montagui tridens Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 901, 1902; H. A. E., 10, 41, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1904. Characters.—Rostrum slender, from one and one-half to one and four-fifths times the length of carapace. Dorsal spines ten to twelve in number, all movable, three to five on the carapace and the remainder on the basal half of the rostrum; posterior spine just in front of middle of carapace; inferior spines six or seven, rigid; distal two-thirds of rostrum ascending, tip trifid. Antennal scale with outer margin slightly arcuate; blade truncate at tip, spine stout, reaching to or beyond the end of blade. Right leg of second pair with carpus divided into twenty to twenty-eight segments. Left leg of second pair with carpus divided into about seventy-four segments. Sixth segment of abdomen slender, about three times as long as wide.
  • 45. 1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California} 43 Dimensions.—Type, female: length 104 mm.; length of carapace and rostrum 48.5 mm.; of rostrum 30.2 mm. The largest specimen on the Pacific Coast was taken off Point Arena, California, in 239 fathoms ("Albatross" station 3349). It measures 110 mm. long, carapace and rostrum 53 mm., rostrum 34 mm. (Rath- bun). Type Locality.—Off North Head, Akutah Island, Alaska, 72 fathoms ("Alba- tross" station 2842). Distribution.—From Bering Sea to off San Nicolas Island, California, 3 to 1084 fathoms. Remarks.—Miss Rathbun says: I have separated this form from P. montagui Leach of the North Atlantic on account of its somewhat longer rostrum, which varies from one and a half to one and two-thirds times the carapace, the dorsal spines terminating behind the middle of the rostrum, while in typical P. montagui the rostrum is from one and two-fifths to one and a half times the carapace, and its dorsal spines reach to or in front of its middle. In P. montagui the tip is bifid; in the subspecies usually trifid. Pandalus platyceros Brandt Plate 14, figure 3 Pandalus platyceros Brandt in Middendorff, Reise in den aussersten Nor den und Osten Sibiriens, Bd. II, Zool., Th. I, p. 123, 1851; Holmes, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sei., 7, 210, 1900; Rathbun, H. A. E., 10, 44, 1904. Characters.—Body stout. Carapace covered with a dense, short pubescence. Rostrum one and one-half to one and two-thirds times as long as carapace, pro- vided with a broad, entire laminar crest on each side. Median crest arising halfway back on the carapace, armed with fourteen to seventeen spines extending to middle of rostrum; the anterior one to five spines fixed, the rest movable; usually a solitary spine not far behind the acute tip. Lower limb armed Avith seven or eight fixed, spines, diminishing gradually in size; the basal tooth very large. Posterior part of rostrum deflexed, anterior half or two-thirds ascending, tip above level of carapace. Antennal scale four-fifths to seven-eighths as long as carapace, oblong, extremity of blade subtruneate, slightly exceeded by the spine. Right leg of second pair reaching to end of maxillipeds, carpus eight- to nine-jointed; left leg of second pair two-fifths again as long as right; carpus divided into twenty- seven or twenty-eight joints. Sixth segment of abdomen short and stout, one and one-half times as long as wide. Dimensions.—Type: length of carapace 34.9 mm., of rostrum 38.1 mm., of abdomen 46.6 mm., of caudal appendages 19.1 mm.; total length 138.7 mm. Of an ovigerous female, length 214 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 113 mm., of rostrum 68 mm. (Rathbun). Type Locality.—Unalaska. Distribution.—Unalaska to off San Diego, California, 25 to 266 fathoms. Japan (Balss). The 25-fathom record here cited was made off Portuguese Bend, near San Pedro, California, by the Venice Marine Biological Station.
  • 46. 44 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL.23 Pandalus danae Stimpson Plate 13, figure 3 Pandalus danae Stimpson, Proe. Boston Soc. Nat. .Hist., 6, 87, 1857; Jour. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, 502 (62), pi. 21, figs. 6, 7, 1857; Bathbun, E., The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the U. S., sec. 1, p. 281, 1884; Holmes, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 7, 209, pi. 4, figs. 61, 62, 1900; Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 47, fig. 13, 1904. Fig. 25. Pandalus danae, <$, natural size; a, dorsal view of anterior end (pro- portional lengths of joints of antennular peduncle are not exact in lateral view, use this view); &, lateral view. Characters.—A rather stout species. Surface finely pitted. Eostrum a little longer than the carapace (from one-fifth to one-eighth longer), distal two-thirds directed obliquely upward. Median dorsal spines ten to twelve, movable, about half of them on the carapace, the posterior spine a little behind the middle; terminal half of rostrum unarmed above, apex trifid; lower margin six- to eight- spined, the spines diminishing anteriorly; -lateral carinae moderately prominent. Antennal scale from three-fourths to five-sixths as long as carapace, tapering to the extremity, the laminar part of which is rounded, and much exceeded by the spine. Eight leg of second pair (exceeds antennal scale) may slightly exceed or fall short of the tip of the rostrum; merus slightly annulated; carpus with from eighteen to twenty-one joints, those of the proximal half very indistinctly marked; left leg one-third or nearly half again as long as right leg; merus and distal portion of ischium faintly annulated; about sixty carpal segments. Sixth segment of abdomen one and two-thirds as long as wide. Dimensions.—Type: length 63.5 mm. The specimens taken in connection with the Bay Survey ranged between 55 and 114 mm. in length, exclusive of rostrum. Type Locality.—Puget Sound. Distribution.—From Sitka, Alaska, to San Francisco, California, 10 to 101 fathoms.
  • 47. Station D 5808 D 5738 D 5809 D 5700 D 5827 Depth 27-43 23-60 21i-53 17-19 6-17 1921] Schmitt: The Mwrime Decapod Crustac&a of California 45 Biological Survey of San -Francisco Bay.—Pandalus danae was found almost exclusively in the deeper portions of the middle bay, the region of greatest abundance being the outer central part of Golden Gate where three (D 5738, 5808, 5809) of the six stations from which it is recorded are located, and where 97 per cent of all the specimens caught were taken. The other three stations (D 5700, 5827, 5828) were made, one off Sausalito, one just to the westward of Alcatraz, and the third in mid-channel off the southern end of the east side of Angel Island (plate 5). A summary of the above stations indicates quite a close correspon- dence between the depth, character of bottom, and the number of specimens obtained: Number of Character of bottom specimens Coarse sand, gravel and stones, ranging up to 14 inches in length. 23 Large rocks with very little coarse shelly sand. 3 Coarse sand, gravel and stones. 3 Sand, coarse and fine gravel, broken shells. 2 Clean, coarse sand and gravel, stones of all sizes up to width of hand and one-half inch thick at beginning, and sand and fine gravel and no stones at end of haul. 1 D 5828 10-16 Variegated mud, containing some sand and many shells at beginning, and sand and fine gravel with some shell fragments and living mollusks at end of haul. 1 As no specimen was taken at a temperature exceeding 12.2° C and none in a salinity less than 25.7 it is apparently the combination of the effects of higher temperature, lower salinity, shoaler water together with that of the character of the bottom which restricts the range of Pandalus danae in the bay, except in the section from which it is here recorded. This is graphically demonstrable on the temperature and salinity curves figured by Sumner in his report upon the physical conditions in the Bay (1914, figs. B and M) : The occurrence of this species far north of the southern shore of Angel Island, or at most the head-of Raccoon Strait or south of Goat Island, would be restricted from January to July (periods I, II, III, and VI of Sumner) by rapid falling of the salinity below the minimum value, 25.7, established above, and from February to October (periods I, II, III, and IV) by the rise of temperature above 12.2° C. By the process of elimination only the months of November and December (period V of Sumner)
  • 48. 46 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 would have conditions of temperature and salinity favoring an exten- sion of the range of Pandalus danae, but at this period as well as during the remainder of the year it is no doubt the absence of suf- ficient areas of favorable bottom elsewhere in the bay, together with the decrease in depth, that exercises the potent influence in restricting this species to the region of its observed distribution. It is impossible to explain why no specimens of Pandalus danae were taken outside, for Dr. Rathbun says (1884, p. 821) : This Prawn has been much more abundant in the San Francisco markets during the past two years than formerly, and the reason assigned is that the fishermen, driven out of San Francisco Bay by the constantly diminishing supply of fish there, have been forced to resort to the open sea between the Farallone Islands and Point Eeyes, where the Prawns live in large numbers. Pandalus gurneyi Stimpson Plate 13, figure 1 Pandalus gurneyi Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 10, 128, 1871; Eathbun, H. A. B., 10, 50, pi. 2, fig. 6, 1904. Characters.—Very near P. danae. Eostrum one and one-half to one and two- thirds longer than the carapace. Median dorsal spines eight or nine, all movable, rather distant; ventral spines nine or ten, immovable. Antennal scale as long as carapace. Eight leg of second pair extends to tip of aciele, carpal segments seventeen; left leg one-third longer than right, carpal segments about forty-five.' Sixth segment of abdomen one and one-half times as long as wide. Dimensions.—Ovigerous female: length 77.5 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 38.5 mm., of rostrum 25 mm. (Eathbun). Type Locality.—Monterey, California. Distribution.—Monterey to San Pedro, and Santa Catalina Island, California, 9 to 55 fathoms. Genus Pandalopsis Bate Antennules twice the length of the carapace. Merus of third maxillipeds with inner margin longitudinally developed into a broad laminate expansion fringed with long hairs. Ischium of first pair of thoracic legs also with large laminate expansion, the lower margin of which is fringed with a row of hairs on the inner side. Pandalopsis ampla Bate Plate 14, figure 2 Pandalopsis amplus Bate, "Challenger" Eept., Zool., 24, Macrura, p. 671, pi. 175, fig. 3, 1888. Pandalopsis ampla Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 18, 155, 1895; Eath- bun, H. A. E., 10, 51, 1904.
  • 49. 1921] Sckmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 47 Characters.—Surface remotely punctate. Eostrum one and one-third to one and nine-tenths as long as rest of the carapace (in small specimens it may be two and one-half times the carapace), slightly ascending, slightly arched above the eyes. Median crest occupying the anterior two-thirds of the carapace, armed with seven to thirteen movable spines, of which three to five are on the carapace and in front of the middle, the anterior spine considerably behind the middle of the rostrum. There is also a subterminal fixed spine; and occasionally two sub- terminal spines, both above, or one above and one below. Greater part of the rostrum unarmed above; lower margin armed with thirteen to sixteen slender spines, larger toward the base of the rostrum. Antennal scale four-fifths to eight-ninths as long as carapace; blade broadly rounded at the tip and exceeded by the spine. Ischium of first pair of feet is dilated in a thin, broad, laminar, inferior projection which is anteriorly lobiform. Feet of second pair equal, carpus with twenty to twenty-four segments; the right and left carpus may or may not have an equal number of segments; chela as long as the five adjacent segments of the carpus. Third segment of abdomen moderately produced backward in the middle, forming a lobe in the posterior margin; sixth segment nearly two and one-half times as long as wide, and about two-thirds as long as the telson. Dimensions.—Of a specimen measured by Miss Eathbun: length 164 mm.; length of carapace and rostrum 85.7 mm.; of rostrum 87.6 mm. Type Locality.—Off Monte Video, 600 fathoms ("Challenger"). Distribution.—From Washington to Mexico, and off Monte Video; 302 to 1084 fathoms. Family HIPPOLYTIDAE Eostrum almost always a prominent feature, armed with teeth, and laterally compressed, usually well developed, sometimes, however, even shorter than the eye-stalks. Mandibles various, with incisor process and palp, or without either or both. ' First pair of legs chelate and moderately stout, stouter and shorter than second pair. Second pair chelate, slender, and equal, with segmented carpus. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA GENERA OF THE HIPPOLYTIDAE I. Carpus of second pair of legs with more than seven segments. Mandible without incisor process or palp. (Not known north of Santa Barbara.) Hippolysmata, p. 49. II. Carpus of second pair of legs with seven segments. Mandible with incisor process and palp of two segments. Spirontocaris, p. 50. III. Carpus of second pair of legs with three segments. Mandible with incisor process but without palp. Hippolyte, p. 47. Genus Hippolyte Leach Carpus of second pair of legs consisting of three segments. Mandible with an incisor process but without a palp. Carapace with a supraorbital spine.
  • 50. 48 University of California Publications in Zoology [VoL - Hippolyte californiensis Holmes Hippolyte californiensis Holmes, Proe. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2), 4, 576, figs. 21-26, 1895; Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 7, 193, 1900; Eathbun, H. A. E., 10, 56, 1904. Fig. 26. Hippolyte californiensis; a, mandible; b, lateral view of carapace (from Holmes); e, lateral view of carapace, X 8, showing arrangement of rostral spines most commonly met with. Characters.—Bostrum slender, a little longer than the carapace, armed both' above and below with three to five, exceptionally six teeth; anterior tooth of each series usually situated immediately behind the acuminate tip, giving it a more or less trifid appearance; remaining teeth of upper series usually more or less bunched over the eye and confined to the basal half of the rostrum; base of rostrum rounded and not continued upon the carapace. Antennular peduncle about one-half as long/ as rostrum. Abdomen not crested or carinated; telson truncated and spinulous at the tip. Dimensions.—Type: length 38 mm. Color.—Green (Holmes). v Type Locality.—Bodega Bay, California. Distribution.—From Sitka, Alaska, to San Diego, California (Eathbun). Remarks.—"In a lot of eleven specimens from Puget Sound, the dorsal teeth are usually two, in one case three, on the basal half of the rostrum, and one or none near the tip. In a few individuals from San Diego the rostral teeth are typical" (Eathbun). In another lot of over fifty specimens received from the Venice Marine Biological Station, Venice, California, there is only one " t y p i c a l " specimen. The rostrum figured by Holmes as the type seems to be a comparatively rare variation in the arrangement of the dorsal spines. With but three exceptions the rostral extremity of the Venice specimens is trifid; the exceptional specimens have a bifid rostrum.
  • 51. 1921] Schmitt: The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California 49 Genus Hippolysmata Stimpson Carpus of second pair of legs consisting of more than seven segments. No supraorbital spine. Antennules with two long flagella. Mandible without incisor process or palp. Hippolysmata californica Stimpson Hippolysmata californica Stimpson, Proc. Chicago Acad. Sci., 1, 48, 1896; Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 10, 123, 18.71; Holmes, Oecas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 7, 180, pi. 2, fig. 38, 1900. Pig. 27. Hippolysmata californica, lateral view of carapace (after Holmes). Characters.—Bostrum slender, strongly ridged on the sides, bent downward near the base, about one-half as long as the carapace; armed above with six or seven teeth, the last tooth situated at considerably more than the usual interval from the preceding one and at about the anterior third of the carapace; below armed with three teeth. Plagella of the antennules subequal and longer than the body. Second pair of legs very long and slender; ischium stouter than the merus and about as long, more or less annulated towards the tip; merus divided into something over twenty annulations; carpus about as long as merus and ischium combined and divided into about thirty-two annulations; hand minute, oblong, the fingers scarcely as long as the palm. Telson subacute, much shorter than the uropods. Dimensions.—Type: length 31.8 mm. Color.—Very conspicuously marked with longitudinal stripes of drab and reddish brown (Holmes). Abdomen in life striped longitudinally with red; stripes anteriorly, on carapace, bending obliquely upward; greater part of tail-fan a deep mahogany color, with tips of uropods and telson bluish; antennules, antennae and legs light reddish brown; egg's of ovigerous female light pea-green. Type Locality.—San Diego, California. Distribution.—Santa Barbara to San Diego, California (Bathbun). Remarks.—Found abundantly in tide pools. The teeth on the under side of the rostrum are quite inconspicuous, and are not indicated in the figure taken from Holmes, above.
  • 52. 50 University of California Publications in Zoology [VOL. 23 Genus Spirontocaris Bate Carpus of second pair of legs consisting of seven segments, mandible with incisor process, and palp of two segments. K E Y TO THE CALIFORNIA SPECIES OF SPIRONTOCARIS I. One or more supraorbital spines present. A. Rostrum roughly subcircular; three, more rarely two, supraorbital spines. (Not known south of Monterey.) prionota, p. 52. B. Rostrum not subcircular, more or less elongate; one or two supra- orbital spines. 1. One supraorbital spine. a. Rostrum comparatively prominent, longer than eye; supraorbital spine relatively small, i. Rostrum less than twice as long as the eye; armed above with four spines, two of which are on the carapace, below with three teeth on anterior third. (Known only from 448 + fathoms.) washingtoniana, p. 55. ii. Rostrum twice or more than twice as long as the eye; armed above with ten teeth, last three of which are on the cara- pace, below with six teeth, all of which are in front of the middle of the rostrum. (Only one specimen known, from Monterey.) affinis, p. 56. b. Rostrum inconspicuous, reduced to a spine on frontal margin, much shorter than the eye, supraorbital spines a very prominent feature; behind rostral spine anterior half of carapace is carinated and bears three spines. (Known only from Laguna Beach.) lagunae, p. 57. 2. Two supraorbital spines. a. Abdominal segments laterally acute. Rostrum shorter than .re- mainder of carapace. Dorsal spines continued posterior to middle of carapace; spines on carapace proper four. (Not known south of Point Arena.) lamellicornis, p. 53. b. First three abdominal segments laterally rounded. i. Rostrum longer than remainder of carapace. Dorsal spines continued at least to or beyond middle of carapace; spines on carapace proper two or three. bispinosa, p. 54. ii. Rostrum shorter than, rarely as long as, remainder of carapace. a. Dorsal spines all in front of middle of carapace, spines on carapace proper two. (Known only from 211 + fathoms.) sica, p. 55. b. Dorsal spines continued posterior to middle of carapace; spines on carapace proper three or four. snyderi, p. 54.