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Physostomous vs Physoclistous Swim Bladders
- 1. Physostomous swim bladder – has a pneumatic duct leading from the esophagus that allows the fish to gulp air and inflate it.
- 2. Physoclistous swim bladder has no pneumatic duct. Instead, blood vessels in the rete mirabile, a vascular gland, add or remove gases to the swim bladder to inflate or deflate it.
- 3. In addition to the addition or removal of gases to adjust the volume of the swim bladder, muscles around it can also contract or relax to adjust its volume. This allows the fish to adjust its depth in the water column without surfacing.
- 9. Most Teleosts Gars The lining of the swim bladder in gars is puckered. This gives it more surface area. Gars can live in oxygen poor water and when their gills cannot absorb sufficient oxygen, they gulp air at the surface and send it to their swim bladder which works as an “auxiliary respiratory organ”.
- 10. LUNGFISH A lungfish’s pneumatic duct is on the bottom of the esophagus. It is branched and leads to two air bladders (lungs), one on either side of the body.
- 11. LUNGFISH TETRAPOD Tetrapods (land vertebrates) have lungs that are identical to those of lungfish, except that the walls are folded in to form thousands of sacs called alveoli. The added surface area created by the alveoli allow for added gas exchange.