Maigration.pptx

Contents
 What is Migration
 What are the types of migration
 Reasons behind migration
 Scale of migration
 Push and pull factors of migration
 Consequences of migration

Introduction to
Migration
• Migration is the permanent or
temporary movement of the
people across a specific
boundary, national or
international to establish a new
place of resident.
• According to UN Migration
define as the movement of a
person or persons form one
place to another, involving a
permanent movement of home
for over 1 year.
-United Nations
• Human movement is the
permanent change of residence
by an individual or groups,
excluding such movements as
nomadism and migrant labor.
-Encyclopedia Britannica

Recent Trends in Global Migration
• The number of international migrants grew to 281 million in 2020, meaning that 3.6% of
the world’s people lived outside their country of birth that year, according to the United
Nations’ International Organization for Migration (IOM).
• Europe and Asia have the most international migrants.
An estimated 86.7 million international migrants lived in Europe in 2020, followed by 85.6
million in Asia. The number of international migrants living in these two regions has
steadily increased since 2005, according to the IOM.
• The United States has more international migrants than any other country.
With nearly 51 million migrants in 2020, the U.S. leads the world on this measure by a
wide margin. Germany has the next-largest such population with about 15.8 million
migrants, followed by Saudi Arabia with 13.5 million. (For the U.S., the UN counts some
people living in the 50 states or the District of Columbia as international migrants even if
they were born in Puerto Rico or other U.S. territories; those born in Puerto Rico and other
U.S. territories are U.S. citizens at birth.)

Types of Migration
• Internal Migration
-Interregional Migration
-Intraregional Migration
• International Migration
-Voluntary
-Involuntary/ Force Migration

Internal Migration
Internal migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another within the same country. This movement can
occur due to various reasons such as economic opportunities, seeking better living conditions, education, family reasons, or
fleeing from conflict or environmental factors.
Internal migration can be divided into two types:
 Interregional migration is movement from one region of a country to another in that same country. Historically, the main
type of interregional migration has been from rural to urban areas in search of jobs.
 Intraregional migration is movement within one region of a country. The main type of intraregional migration has been
within urban areas, from older cities to newer suburbs.

Intraregional Migration
There are three types of Intraregional migration
• From rural to urban areas: It refers to the movement from countryside to cities or urban areas in search of
employment and better living standards
• From urban to rural areas: Migration from urban to rural areas refers to the movement of people from
densely populated city regions to less populated countryside or rural locations
• From urban to suburban areas: People are moving from crowded city areas to places that have a mix of
city and suburban lifestyles

International Migration
A permanent movement from one country to another country is international migration. About 4
percent of the world’s people are international migrants—that is, they currently live in countries other
than those in which they were born.
International migration is further divided into two types:
 1. Voluntary migration means that the migrant has chosen to move, usually for economic reasons,
though sometimes for environmental reasons.
 2. Involuntary/ Forced migration means that the migrant has been compelled to move because of
political conflict or adverse environmental conditions.

Reasons Behind
Migration
Migration is driven by a complex interplay of
factors. Economic opportunities, better living
conditions, political stability, and improved
education propel individuals to move, while
adverse conditions, conflicts, and environmental
challenges act as push factors. The quest for a
more promising future and improved quality of
life motivates people to seek new environments,
contributing to the dynamic global movement of
populations. People mainly migrate for three
reasons.
-Economic
-Political
-Environmental

Economic Reasons for
Migration
Most people migrate for the
economic reason. People often
emigrate from places that have
few job opportunities and that’s
the most important reason for the
migration People search in best
working condition. Where they
are find it, they are migrating
that’s place.
Political Reasons for
Migration
Explain reasons that people are
forced to migrate. People may be
forced to migrate for political
reasons. The reason of civil war
and political pressure migrate the
people to another place.

Environmental Reasons
for Migration
Positive reasons: One positive environmental reason for people to migrate is the
pursuit of a more sustainable and environmentally friendly lifestyle. People may
choose to migrate to areas with better environmental conditions or practices for
several reasons.
 Access to Clean Water and Air
 Natural Disaster Avoidance
 Eco-Friendly Practice
 Renewable Energy Opportunities
 Beautiful Environments
Negative Reasons: People may migrate for negative environmental reasons, often
driven by adverse conditions or challenges in their current locations. Here are some
negative environmental factors that may lead to migration:
 Rising sea levels: Rising sea levels are threatened for the people, in this situation
people migrate to another place for their safety.
 Flooding: when flooding residential area then people migrate to another place.

Scale of Migration
 Global Scale: Overview of large-scale
migration patterns
 Regional Scale: Regional migration trends
 Local Scale: Impact of migration at the
local level
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

Scale of Migration
 Global Scale:
 Movement across national borders.
 Examples: International migration for economic opportunities or fleeing
conflicts.
 Broad demographic, economic, and cultural impacts.
 Regional Scale:
 Movement within a specific geographic region or continent.
 Examples: Migration between neighboring countries or within a
continent.
 Influenced by economic, climate, or geopolitical factors.
 Local Scale:
 Movement within smaller geographic areas like cities or towns.
 Examples: Urban-to-suburban migration, short-distance moves.
 Driven by job changes, housing preferences, or lifestyle choices.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Push Factors of Migration
Lack of Services: Insufficient access to basic services like healthcare and education can
drive people to seek better opportunities elsewhere
Lack of Safety: Living in an area with high crime rates or a general lack of safety can prompt
individuals or families to migrate for a more secure environment
Drought: Regions facing prolonged droughts, which impact agriculture and water supply,
often experience migration as people search for areas with better environmental conditions
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Push Factors of Migration
Flooding: Areas prone to frequent flooding may see residents compelled to move to avoid the
risks and challenges associated with such disasters
Poverty: Economic hardships, limited job opportunities, and low living standards can be powerful
push factors, propelling individuals to migrate in search of better economic prospects
War: Conflict and war disrupt normal life, leading to displacement as people flee from violence and
instability in their home regions
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Pull Factors of Migration
Higher Employment: Opportunities for better job prospects and higher wages
attract individuals to areas with a thriving economy
Better Services: Access to quality healthcare, education, and other essential
services can entice people to migrate to areas with well-developed infrastructure
Less Crime: Favorable climatic conditions, safety, and lower crime rates make
certain areas more attractive for settlement

Pull Factors of Migration
Political Stability: Regions with political stability and a secure environment appeal
to those seeking refuge from conflict or political turmoil
More Fertile Land: Agricultural opportunities in areas with fertile soil and favorable
growing conditions can draw people in search of better livelihoods
Lower Risk from Natural Hazards: Migration to areas with lower susceptibility to
natural disasters becomes appealing for those seeking safety and stability

Consequences of
Migration
 Economic Consequences
 Positive Consequences: The remittance (payment) sent by
migrants to their homes help in the growth of economy for the
region. This money is mainly used by the family for repayment of
debts, medical treatments, marriages, children’s education,
construction of houses, etc.
 Negative Consequences:
-overcrowding: Unregulated migration to the metro polytan cities is
causing overcrowding.
-Safety Issue: safety issues may occur because of migration; crime
rate may get high.
-Brain Drain: For some countries like Bangladesh Brain drain could
be a common problem because of the emigration of highly skilled,
educated, and talented individuals from one country to another,
typically for better opportunities and conditions.

Consequences of
Migration
 Demographic Consequences
 Positive Consequences:
-Migration leads to the redistribution of the population within a
country.
-It results in balanced distribution of people according to
resources.
-Rural-urban migration is one of the important factors
contributing to the population growth of cities.
 Negative Consequences:
-It results in imbalance in sex composition due to male and
female migration.
-Rural areas face shortage of skilled people because most of
skilled and semi-skilled people migrate to urban areas.

Consequences of
Migration
 Environmental Consequences
 Overcrowding of people due to rural-urban
migration has put pressure on existing social
and physical infrastructure in urban areas.
 This ultimately leads to unplanned growth of
urban settlement and formation of slums
shanty colonies.
 Apart from this, due to over exploitation of
natural resources, cities are facing acute
problem of depletion of groundwater, air
pollution and disposal of sewage and
management of solid wastes.

Conclusion
Migration is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by various factors, including economic,
political, and environmental considerations. Understanding the types of migration, scale,
and push-and-pull factors is crucial to appreciate its complexities. Whether driven by the
pursuit of better opportunities, safety concerns, or environmental conditions, migration
significantly impacts individuals and communities. While it brings economic and
demographic changes, it also poses challenges such as overcrowding, safety issues, and
brain drain. Striking a balance between addressing the push factors and maximizing the
positive consequences is essential for sustainable and harmonious development.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

PRESENTATION TEAM
Sumaiya Binte
Solayman
ID: 230404
Mahia Sharmin Mim
ID: 230415
Hammana
ID: 230422
MD Minhazul Islam
ID: 230429
Monoarul haq Omy
ID: 23039
Redwan Ovi
ID: 220416

Maigration.pptx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Maigration.pptx

Similar to Maigration.pptx (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Maigration.pptx