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Claims
- 2. “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his own language, that goes to his heart.” -Nelson Mandela
- 3. Formulating Claims of Fact, Policy and Value
- 4. 1. Identify the differences between and among the types of claims; and 2. Formulate claims of fact, policy and value. OBJECTIVES:
- 6. • an assertion of the truth of something, typically one that is disputed or in doubt Argumentative
- 7. What are the different types of argumentative claims?
- 9. CLAIM OF FACT (existence of something/definition or classification/facts -- inferences about past, present, or future) Types of factual claims (generally "objective") 1.Factual / historical 2. Relational - causal connections 3. Predictive proof requires: sufficient and appropriate grounds reliable authority recent data accurate, typical data clearly defined terms - no loaded language a clear distinction between fact and inference
- 10. Examples: Many people are using social media to bully other people. Filipinos are very much into smoking nowadays.
- 11. CLAIM OF VALUE (taste & morals / good-bad) [make value judgments/ resolve conflict between values/ quasi policy (rightness of it; relative merit)] proof requires: Establishing standards of evaluation (i.e. a warrant that defines what constitutes instances of the relevant value) note the priority of the value in this instance. Establish the advantage (practical or moral) of your standards. Use examples to clarify abstract values Use credible authorities for support
- 12. Examples: It is wrong to bully other people. It is not healthy to smoke.
- 13. CLAIM OF POLICY (action / should or ought) - usually involves sub-claims of fact and value proof requires: Making proposed action clear need (justification) plan, (must be workable) benefit (advantages) consider opposition / counter arguments
- 14. Examples: There should be criminal charges brought against people who use social media to bully others. People must be oriented with the bad effects of smoking to their bodies.
- 15. EXAMPLES: CLAIMS OF FACT CLAIMS OF VALUE CLAIMS OF POLICY Many people are using social media to bully other people. It is wrong (immoral) to bully people using social media. There should be criminal charges brought against people who use social media to bully others. Filipinos are very much into smoking nowadays. It is not good to smoke. People should be oriented with the bad effects of smoking to their bodies.
- 16. ACTIVITY 1: (By group)
- 17. Create one example for the specific type of claim using the following topics. Concentrate on the aspect of the education of affected learners. 1-Child abuse (FACT) 2-Depression (FACT) 3-Fighting a Chronic Illness (VALUE) 4-Child Labor (POLICY) 5-War or armed conflict (POLICY)
- 18. ACTIVITY 2:
- 19. Step 1. Answer Activity 1 of Module 11 for 3 minutes. Step 2. Check your answers using the Answer Key. Step 3. Post a picture of your work on our Facebook group.
- 20. SEAT WORK:
- 21. Identify the type of claim: _______________1. Patience is a virtue. _______________2. Social media influences the way teenagers think. _______________3. Honesty is the best policy. _______________4. For the Philippines to progress, Filipinos must first learn discipline. _______________5. Obesity can cause heart disease.
- 22. Identify the type of claim: _______________6. The government must review its policies to prevent future problems. _______________7. The best way to a man’s heart is through his stomach. _______________8. People should value relationships within the family. _______________9. Anything excessive is dangerous. ______________10. It is always good to make a stand and defend it.