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Grammar: Subject, Predicate, Modifiers
- 2. Subject/Predicate Every complete sentence MUST have a subject and a predicate: Subject Predicate The topic of the sentence. It includes who or what the sentence is about. The subject contains a noun or pronoun. The part of the sentence that tells something about the subject, or what the subject does. The predicate contains a verb.
- 3. Subject/Predicate Larry writes poetry. Subject Predicate
- 4. Verb Review: Main Verb The most important verb in the sentence. The verb that shows the action that the subject is completing. Example: Lilly loves her baby. Helping Verb A word that accompanies a verb that helps show what tense (past, present, future) the verb is in. Example: Lilly is going to the store. Main VerbHelping Verb
- 5. Verb Review: Main Verb The most important verb in the sentence. The verb that shows the action that the subject is completing. Example: Lilly loves her baby. Adverb A word that modifies a verb. An adverb answers how, when, where, how often, or how much an action is completed. Example: Lilly always loves her baby. Main VerbAdverb
- 6. Verb Review: Helping verbs and adverbs go along with the main verb, and they are part of the predicate. Being able to tell which one is the MAIN verb will help you identify the subject in complicated sentences. The main verb will be the one that shows what the subject of the sentence is doing. Lilly was quickly running to find her car keys. Main VerbAdverbHelping verb Subject
- 7. Verb Review: Lilly does not “was.” Lilly does not “quickly.” What Lilly does in this sentence is “run.” That means “running” is the main verb. Lilly was quickly running to find her car keys. Main VerbAdverbHelping verb Subject
- 8. Practice 1 Directions: BOLD the main verb in each sentence: On your note sheet, complete PRACTICE 1. 1. Chris and Lyle are moving to Korea. 2. I can’t remember what day it is. 3. The clock loudly chimes. 4. Grandfather is a nice man. 5. Grandfather is visiting us for dinner. 6. Steve will soon start a new business.
- 9. Subject/Predicate Subject Predicate Willa sat by herself. She forced a smile and held her tongue. They came shuffling into the stadium.
- 10. Subject/Predicate Subject Predicate Cadavers and dead rats and frogs appeared. The wheels of wagons screeched. The bare truth is you will be an interesting artist for the rest of your life.
- 11. Subject/Predicate Subject Predicate Dad and his Air Force buddies were on a cliff in the canyon. Being a grandmother transformed her mother. To write your rection down preserves those reactions forever.
- 12. Subject TIP #1: If you are having difficulty identifying the subject of a sentence, ask who or what completes the action of the predicate’s main verb: Dad and his Air Force buddies were on a cliff in a canyon. Being a grandmother transformed her mother. Who was on a cliff? What transformed her mother?
- 13. Subject TIP #2: The subject is not always a single noun by itself. The complete subject also includes all adjectives describing that noun. The subject can be a single word, or a whole phrase. “My friend Luna” “Forgetful James” “The man with the tall hat” “What he could remember” “The big, hungry, green Martian”
- 14. Subject TIP #2: The subject is not always a single noun by itself. The complete subject also includes all adjectives describing that noun. The subject can be a single word, or a whole phrase. “My friend Luna is crazy.” “Forgetful James left his money here.” “The man with the tall hat smiled.” “What he could remember was helpful to us.” “The big, hungry, green Martian landed over there.”
- 15. Subject TIP #3: The subject usually comes before the main verb, but occasionally the sentence is “inverted” and the subject comes after the verb. To find the subject, ask who or what completes the action of the main verb. “Are you ready?” “There were four basic causes of the Civil War.” “Into the ocean rowed the kayakers.”
- 16. Compound Subject Compound Predicate A subject with more than one noun. Example: “The sun and moon were visible.” A predicate with more than one verb. Example: “The moon sparked and glowed in the sky.” Compound
- 17. Practice 2 Directions: Bold the subject and underline the predicate. On your note sheet, complete PRACTICE 2. 1. They knew that summer was almost over. 2. The sun was rising over the lake. 3. A young man with his dog called out to say hello. 4. Mastering the writing process is difficult. 5. My uncle Tim washes and polishes his car often. 6. Nearby lives a family with seven children. 7. The party will have music, dancing, and cake. 8. The zombie wasn’t dead! 9. Everyone at KIS loves to study.
- 18. Grammar Modifiers
- 19. Modifiers A modifier is an optional element within a sentence that can be removed without affecting the basic meaning and grammar of the sentence. If you remove a modifier, the sentence still makes grammatical sense, but it becomes less specific. Subject & Predicate + Modifier Subject & Predicate Emily, who hates classical music, went to the Beethoven concert with me. Emily went to the Beethoven concert with me.
- 20. Modifiers Adjectives and Adverbs modify nouns and verbs. These are two types of sentence modifiers you are familiar with. Adjective Modifiers Adverb Modifiers “The angry bear attacked me.” “Crazy Andy chases his brother.” “The bear ferociously attacked me.” “Andy always chases his brother.”
- 21. Modifiers Sometimes longer phrases modify sentences as well. Learning how to use these phrases in your own writing is the key to developing a mature writing style. A group of words Example: “Without a doubt, Emily, my friend since first grade, is the most important person in my life.”
- 22. Practice 3 Directions: Underline all modifiers (anything not necessary to the basic meaning of the sentence). On your note sheet, complete PRACTICE 3. 1. With basketball season nearly finished, Emily emerged as the MVP. 2. My mother, an amazing home cook, made pancakes for dinner. 3. I'm not really interested in studying biochemistry for the rest of my life. 4. Juan went to college to study veterinary medicine.
- 23. Worksheet Complete the worksheet: “Subjects, Predicates, and Modifiers”! Good Luck!