455.0000
Family
Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6627; hybrids: 9
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuevo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han.: 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg.: 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; K. Schum. & C. A. G. Lauterb., Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee: 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 256 (1858)
455.6651
Genus
Cynanchum L.; Sp. Pl. 1: 212 (1753) s. lat.
Distribution: Tropical and temperate regions, many in Madagascar (80) and temp. Asia. Inclusion of many small genera fide Khanum et al. (2016), separation of Vincetoxicum as well as Tylophora, Tylodontia and Scyphostelma according to Liede (1997, 2002, 2013).
Species listed in database: 257
= Adelostemma Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 4: 20 (1883)
= Ampelanus Raf.; Am. Monthly Mag. 192 (1819)
= Aphanostelma Schltr.; H. Lév., Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 39 (1914 publ. 1915), in clavi, sine descr.
= Basistelma Bartlett; Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 631 (1909)
= Bunburia Harv.; Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. I. 416 (1838)
= Colostephanus Harv.; Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. I. 417, in nota (1838)
= Cyathella Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. II. 9: 332. t. 12 (1838)
= Cynoctonum E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 215 (1837)
= Decanema Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. II. 9: 338. t. 12 (1838)
= Decanemopsis Costantin & Gallaud; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. 12: 418 (1906)
= Dicarpophora Speg.; Physis 8: 269 (1926)
= Diploglossum Meisn.; Gen. Pl. 269 (1840)
= Drepanostemma Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Rev. Gen. Bot. 23: 256 (1911)
= Endotropis Endl.; Gen. 591 (1838)
= Enslenia Nutt.; Gen. Am. 1: 164 (1818)
= Exostegia Bojer ex Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 528, 530 (1844)
= Flanagania Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: Beibl. n. 45 10 (1894)
= Folotsia Costantin & Bois; Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Par. cxlvii. 258 (1908)
= Gilgia Pax; (1894) (Euphorbiaceae)
= Glossonema Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 2, 9: 335 (1838)
= Graphistemma (Benth.) Champ. ex Benth.; Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2: 760 (1876)
= Holostemma R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 42 (preprint) (1810)
= Karimbolea Desc.; Cactus, Paris 15: Nos. 68-69, 77 (1960)
= Lyonia Elliott; Sketch 1: 316 (1817)
= Macbridea Raf.; (1818) (nec Elliott ex Nutt 1818)
= Mahafalia Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Rev. Gen. Bot 23: 255 (1911)
= Mastostigma Stocks; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. t. 863 (1852)
= Mellichampia A.Gray ex S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 437 (1887)
= Metalepis Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. 179 (1866)
= Metaplexis R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 48 (1810)
= Mahawoa Schltr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34(2): 2 (1916)
= Monostemma Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou (1848) I. 255
= Nematostemma Choux; Compt. Rend. clxxii. 1310 (1921)
= Odontanthera Wight; Madras J. Lit. Sci. 7: 142 (1838)
= Pattalias S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 60 (1889), K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. IV(2): 255 (1895)
= Pentarrhinum E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 199 (1837)
= Perianthostelma Baill.; (1890)
= Platykeleba N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: Soc. 250 (1895)
= Prosopostelma Baill.; Hist. des pl. 10: 247 (1890), K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. IV(2): 227 (1895)
= Psanchum Neck.; Elem. 1: 254 (1790)
= Pycnoneurum Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. II. 9: 340 (1838)
= Raphistemma Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 50 (1831)
= Rhodostegiella (Pobed.) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(6): 465 (1990)
= Roulinia Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 516 (1844)
= Rouliniella Vail; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 662 (1902)
= Sarcocyphula Harv.; Thes. Cap. 2: 58. t. 191 (1863)
= Sarcolemma Griseb. ex Lorentz; Veget. Nord. Entre Rios, 80 (1878)
= Sarcostemma R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 463 (1810)
= Sarmasikia Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 550 (1897)
= Schizostephanus Hochst. ex Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. 2: 762 (1876)
= Seshagiria Ansari & Hemadri; Indian Forester 97(3): 126 (1971)
= Sichuania M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li; Novon 5: 12 (1995)
= Steinheilia Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. II. 9: 339. t. 12 (1838)
= Symphyoglossum Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21: I. 255 (1848), nom. rej.
= Telminostelma E.Fourn.; Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(4): 218 (1885)
= Urostelma Bunge; Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 44 (in Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 2:. 118) (1835)
= Voharanga Costantin & Bois; Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 147: 259 (1998)
= Vohemaria Buchenau; Abh. Naturw. Ver. Bremek. 10: 372 (1889)
= Ziervoglia Neck.; Elem. 1: 254 (1790)
species :
Cynanchum absconditum
Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 14(3-4): 430 (1992 publ. 1993)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum abyssinicum
Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 548 (1844)
Distribution: Cameroon; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Tanzania
23 CMN 24 ERI ETH SUD 25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum abyssinicum (Decne.) K.Schum.; Engl. et Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. IV(2): 253 (1895)
= Cynanchum abyssinicum var. tomentosum Oliv.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 2: 242 (1887)
= Cynanchum holstii (K.Schum.) K.Schum.; Engl. et Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. IV(2): 253 (1895)
= Vincetoxicum abyssinicum (Decne.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
= Vincetoxicum holstii K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17(1-2): 135 (1893)
species :
Cynanchum acidum
(Roxb.) Oken; Allg. Naturgesch. 3(2): 1032 (1841)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Bangladesh
40 BAN IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias acida Roxb.; Fl. Ind. ed. 2: 31 (1832)
= Asclepias aphylla Roxb. ex Wight; Contrib. Bot. India 60 (1834), nom. inval.
= Sarcostemma acidum (Roxb.) Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 542 (1845)
= Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight & Arn.; Contrib. Bot. India 59 (1834)
species :
Cynanchum aculeatum
(Desc.) Liede & Meve; Novon 6(1): 59 (1996)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Folotsia aculeata (Desc.) Desc.; Adansonia n. s. 1: 313 (1962)
= Prosopostelma aculeatum Desc.; Natur. Malgache 9: 186 (1957)
species :
Cynanchum acutum
L.; Sp. Pl.: 212 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. acutum
Name: Lianen-Schwalbenwurz (DE); Correguela aguda (ES), Stranglevine (EN)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; ?Montenegro; ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread in lowlands, incl. Kiklades, Sporades); Crete; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, N-Egypt); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura); Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); Lebanon (Antilebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania)
12 BAL FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI NMA ROM SIC TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum acutum var. fissum (Pomel) Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 586 (1890)
= Cynanchum acutum var. monspeliacum (L.) Gren.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France 2: 479 (1850)
= Cynanchum excelsum Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 212 (1798)
= Cynanchum fissum Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 81 (1874)
= Cynanchum hastatum Lam.; Encycl. 2: 236 (1786)
= Cynanchum maritimum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 149 (1796), nom. illeg.
= Cynanchum monspeliacum L.; Sp. Pl.: 212 179 (1753)
= Cynanchum monspeliacum var. hastatum Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 410 (1841)
= Sarmasikia dondonaei Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 550 (1897)
= Sarmasikia gesneri Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 550 (1897)
= Solenostemma acutum (L.) Wehmer; Pflanzenstoffe, ed. 2, 2: 1004 (1931)
= Vincetoxicum acutum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
= Vincetoxicum excelsum (Desf.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
subspecies :
subsp. sibiricum
(Willd.) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica 73: 9. (1970)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Faryab, Helmand, Herat, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Kandahar, Laghman, Nangarhar, Parwan, Samangan, Takhar); China (Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia; Pakistan (Chitral, Drosh, Gilgit, Baltistan); India (Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, West Bengal)
30 SIB 32 KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyathella cathayensis (Tsiang & H.D.Zhang) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(6): 465 (1990)
= Cynanchum acutum var. longifolium (G.Martens) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 48 (1847)
= Cynanchum cathayense Tsiang & H.D.Zhang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12(1): 110-112, pl. 24 (1974)
= Cynanchum longifolium G.Martens; Reise Venedig 2: 570, t. 6 (1824)
= Cynanchum orientale Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. 1: 851 (1824)
= Cynanchum sibiricum Willd.; Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 2: 124, t. 5, f. 2 (1799)
species :
Cynanchum adalinae
K.Schum.; Engl. et Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. IV(2): 253 (1895)
subspecies :
subsp. adalinae
Distribution: Mali; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Equatorial Guinea; Congo [Brazzaville]; Angola; etc.
22 GHA IVO MLI NGA 23 BIO CMN CON EQG GAB 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum congolense De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo, ser. V. 1: 190 (1904)
= Cynanchum acuminatum (Benth.) K.Schum.; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 253 (1895), nom. illeg.
= Cynoctonum acuminatum Benth.; Hook., Niger Fl.: 453 (1849)
= Vincetoxicum adalinae K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 134 (1893)
subspecies :
subsp. mannii
(Scott Elliot) Bullock; Kew Bull. 17: 186 (1963)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Liberia
22 LBR SIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum dinklagei Schltr. ex Mildbr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 41: 264 (1937) (nomen)
= Cynanchum mannii (Scott Elliot) N.E.Br.; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4: I. 394 (1903)
= Vincetoxicum mannii Scott Elliot; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 93 (1894)
species :
Cynanchum africanum
(L.) Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl.-Kult. 54 (1824)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum africanum R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 440 (1810), nom. inval.
= Cynanchum africanum var. crassifolium (R.Br.) N.E.Br.; Harv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 4(1): 749 (1908)
= Cynanchum crassifolium R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 46 (1811)
= Cynanchum intermedium N.E.Br.; Harv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 4(1): 747 (1908)
= Cynanchum pilosum R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 46 (1811), nom. superfl.
= Cynanchum rotundifolium Thunb. ex Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 552 (1844)
= Cynoctonum crassifolium var. pilosum Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 530 (1844)
= Cynoctonum pilosum (R.Br.) E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 216 (1837)
= Periploca africana L.; Sp. Pl. 211 (1753)
= Periploca pallida Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 148 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Vincetoxicum africanum (L.) Bolus ex Schltr.; J. Bot., 457 (1896)
= Vincetoxicum africanum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 422 (1891)
= Vincetoxicum pilosum (Decne.) G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard. 4: 160 (1887), nom. superfl.
species :
Cynanchum alatum
Wight & Arn.; Contrib. Bot. India 57 (1834)
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias truncata Roxb. ex Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 529 (1844), nom. inval.
= Cyathella alata (Wight & Arn.) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(6): 465 (1990)
= Cynanchum mairei Schltr. ex H.Lév.; (1915)
= Cynoctonum alatum (Wight & Arn.) Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 529 (1844)
= Vincetoxicum alatum (Wight & Arn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum alternilobum
(M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li) Liede & Khanum; Taxon 65(3): 477 (2016)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Sichuania alterniloba M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li; Novon 5: 12. (1995)
species :
Cynanchum altiscandens
K.Schum.; Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. (1894) 64, et in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C (1895)324
Distribution: Ethiopia; Eritrea; Tanzania; Mozambique; etc.
24 ERI ETH 25 TAN 26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum mensense Schweinf. ex K.Schum.; Engl., Pfl.-Welt Ost-Afr. C: 324 (1895)
species :
Cynanchum ambovombense
(Liede) Liede & Meve; Adansonia ser. 3, 23(2): 350 (2001)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Folotsia ambovombense Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 18(1-2): 130 (1996)
species :
Cynanchum ampanihense
Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Compt. Rend., elii. 1016, et in Rev. Gen. Bot. 1911 23: 258 (1911)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum humbertii Choux; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 32: 308 (1926)
species :
Cynanchum analamazaotrense
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. IV. 5: II. 52 (1927 publ. 1928)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum anderssonii
Morillo; Pittieria 23: 36 (1995)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Cynanchum andringitrense
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. IV. 1: 11. 21 (1923)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum angavokeliense
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. IV. 5: II. 31 (1927 publ. 1928)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum annularium
(Roxb.) Liede & Khanum; Taxon 65(3): 477 (2016)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan); Pakistan (Rawalpindi); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Bago, Chin, Kachin, Sagaing); Thailand
36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias annularia Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 20 (1814), Fl. Ind. 2: 37 (1824)
= Asclepias convolvulacea B.Heyne ex Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 572 (1844), nom. inval.
= Cynanchum annulare (Roxb.) B.Heyne ex Wight; Contrib. Bot. India 55 (1834)
= Gomphocarpus volubilis Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 21 (1883)
= Holostemma ada-kodien Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 6: 95 (1820)
= Holostemma annularium (Roxb.) K.Schum.; Engl. & Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. IV(2): 250 (1895)
= Holostemma brunonianum Royle; Illustr. Bot. Himal. 276. t. 66 (1835)
= Holostemma rheedei Wall.; Pl. As. Rar. 2: 51 (1831), et Cat. n. 4409 (1831)
= Holostemma rheedianum Spreng.; Syst. 1: 851 (1824)
= Sarcostemma annulare (Roxb.) Roth; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 6: 115 (1820)
species :
Cynanchum ansamalense
Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 18(1-2): 112 (1996)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum anthonyanum
Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 997 (1936), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum yunnanense J.Anthony; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15: 240 (1927), nom. illeg., non H. Lév.
species :
Cynanchum antsiranense
(Meve & Liede) Liede & Meve; Adansonia ser. 3, 23(2): 350 (2001)
Distribution: N-Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.)
29 COM MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma antsiranense Meve & Liede; Kew Bull. 52(2): 491 (1997)
species :
Cynanchum appendiculatopsis
Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 18(1-2): 114 (1996)
Distribution: E-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum appendiculatum
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. IV. 1: 11. 12 (1923)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum arabicum
(Bruyns & P.I.Forst.) Meve & Liede; Kew Bull. 67(4): 752 (2012)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia; Yemen
35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma arabicum Bruyns & P.I.Forst.; Edinburgh J. Bot. 48(3): 333 (1991)
species :
Cynanchum arenarium
Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. II. 6: 189 (1908)
Distribution: Madagascar (Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toliara)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum madecassum Desc.; Adansonia n. s. 1: 314 (1962)
= Cynanchum nodosum (Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier) Desc.; Adansonia n. s. 1: 314 (1962)
= Mahafalia nodosa Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Rev. Gen. Bot 23: 255 (1911)
= Voharanga madagascariensis Costantin & Bois; Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 147: 259 (1998)
species :
Cynanchum areysianum
(Bruyns) Meve & Liede; Kew Bull. 67(4): 752 (2012)
Distribution: Yemen (S-Yemen)
35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma areysianum Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 77(3): 802 (2011)
species :
Cynanchum auriculatum
Royle ex Wight; Contrib. Bot. India 58 (1834)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan (Swat, Hazara); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Chumbi)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK
Remarks: sect. Rhodostegiella
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum auriculatum var. sinense T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 66: 61 (1991)
= Cynanchum saccatum W.T.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12(1): 91 (1974) ex Tsiang & P. T. Li
= Diploglossum auriculatum (Royle ex Wight) Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. 2: 176 (1840)
= Endotropis auriculata (Royle ex Wight) Decne.; Prodr. 8: 546 (1844)
= Vincetoxicum auriculatum (Royle ex Wight) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum balense
Liede; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83(3): 299 (1996)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentarrhinum balense (Liede) Liede; Syst. Bot. 22(2): 368 (1997)
species :
Cynanchum baronii
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. IV. 5: II. 50 (1927 publ. 1928)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum batangense
P.T.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 12: 19 (1990)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
Remarks: Sect. Rhodostegiella
species :
Cynanchum beatricis
Morillo; Brittonia 30(1): 47(1978)
Distribution: Venezuela (Venezuela Distrito Federal, Miranda)
82 VEN
species :
Cynanchum bernardii
Morillo; Pittieria 23: 37 (1995)
Distribution: Venezuela (Merida)
82 VEN
species :
Cynanchum bicampanulatum
M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li; Novon 5: 5. (1995)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Cynanchum bisinuatum
Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Compt. Rend., clii. 1016, et in Rev. Gen. Bot. 1911 23: 258 (1911)
Distribution: Madagascar (Fianarantsoa, Toliara)
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum blandum
(Decne.) Sundell; Evol. Monogr., 5 (New World Sp. Cynanchum subgen. Mellichampia): 21 (1981)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Chocó); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru
82 CLM FRG GUY SUR 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Roulinia blanda Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 517 (1844)
= Roulinia corymbosa Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 517 (1844)
= Roulinia guianensis Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 517 (1844)
= Roulinia sprucei E.Fourn.; Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(4): 216 (1885)
= Roulinia surinamensis Miq.; Stirp. Surinam. Select.: 169 (1851)
= Rouliniella corymbosa (Decne.) Bullock; Kew Bull. 98 (1958)
= Rouliniella guianensis (Decne.) Jonker; Fl. Suriname, ed. Pulle 4: II. (Meded. K. Ver. Kon. Inst. Amst. 30) 348(1940)
= Telminostelma corymbosum (Decne.) Fontella & E.A.Schwarz; Bol. Mus. Bot. Mun. (Curitiba) 45: 6 (1981)
species :
Cynanchum blyttioides
Liede; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83(3): 301 (1996)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Cynanchum bojerianum
(Decne.) Choux; Cat. Pl. Madag. Asclep. 11 (1931)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyathella bojeriana Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. II. 9: 333 (1838)
= Cynoctonum bojerianum (Decne.) Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 530 (1844)
= Vincetoxicum bojerianum (Decne.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum bosseri
Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 14(3-4): 432 (1992 publ. 1993)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum boudieri
H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 144 (1904)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan
36 CHI 38 NNS TAI
Remarks: Sect. Rhodostegiella
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum amphiboleum C.K.Schneid.; Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 3: 346 (1916)
= Cynanchum auriculatum var. amamianum (Hatus.) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 66: 61 (1991)
= Cynanchum macrorhizon Carrière; Rev. Hortic. 435 (1877)
= Cynanchum taiwanianum T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 43(6): 169-170, f. 1A 2: 6-9 (1968)
= Cynanchum wilfordii var. amamianum Hatus.; J. Geobot. 12: 10 (1963)
= Tylophora cavaleriei H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tchéou: 44 (1914)
species :
Cynanchum boveanum
Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat ser 127: 82 (1835)
subspecies :
subsp. boveanum
Distribution: Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (SE-Egypt); Mauritania; Senegal; Benin; N-Chad (Tibesti, Ennedi); Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Israel (Rift Valley); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Yemen (Aden Desert, SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen, Tihama)
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 22 BEN MTN SEN 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOM SUD 34 ISR JOR SIN 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Glossonema affine N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 249 (1895)
= Glossonema boveanum (Decne.) Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 2, 9: 335, t. 12 (1838)
= Glossonema echinatum Hochst. ex Capua; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 214 (1904)
= Glossonema erlangeri K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 322 (1903)
= Odontanthera boveana (Decne.) Mabb.; Manilal, Bot. Hist. Hortus Malabaricus: 89 (1980)
= Petalostemma chenopodii R.Br.; Salt, Voy. Abyss., App.: xIiv (1814), nom. nud.
subspecies :
subsp. nubicum
(Decne.) Khanum & Liede; Taxon 65(3): 478 (2016)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Egypt (SE-Egypt); Mali; Burkina Faso; Ghana; Togo; Niger; Nigeria; Chad (Tibesti); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Nejd Desert)
20 ALG EGY MOR 22 BKN GHA MLI NGA NGR TOG 24 CHA 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Glossonema boveanum subsp. gautieri (Batt. & Trab.) Dubuis, Faurel & Simonn.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 51: 127 (1960)
= Glossonema boveanum subsp. nubicum (Decne.) Bullock; Kew Bull. 10: 617 (1956)
= Glossonema gautieri Batt. & Trab.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: XXVIII. (1907)
= Glossonema gautieri var. titense Batt. & Trab.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: XXIX (1907)
= Glossonema nubicum Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 555 (1844)
= Odontanthera boveana subsp. nubica (Decne.) Mabb.; Manilal, Bot. Hist. Hortus Malabaricus: 89 (1980)
species :
Cynanchum brasiliense
(Morillo) Liede; Novon 7(2): 178 (1997)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia, Alagoas); SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Metalepis brasiliensis Morillo; Ernstia 1(2): 54 (1991)
species :
Cynanchum brevicoronatum
M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li; Novon 5: 5. (1995)
Distribution: China (Hubei)
36 CHI
species :
Cynanchum brevipedicellatum
(P.I.Forst.) Liede & Meve; Kew Bull. 67(4): 752 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, N-Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma brevipedicellatum P.I.Forst.; Austr. Syst. Bot. 5(1): 59 (1992)
species :
Cynanchum brevipedunculatum
J.Y.Shen; Taiwania 64(3): 217 (2019)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cynanchum bricenoi
Morillo; Pittieria 23: 39 (1995)
Distribution: Venezuela (Merida)
82 VEN
species :
Cynanchum bungei
Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 549 (1844), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang); Mongolia
36 CHI 37 MON
Remarks: Sect. Rhodostegiella
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias hastata Bunge; Enum. Pl. China Bor. 43, n. 146 (1833) 1831, not Cynanchum hastatum Lam. (1786)
= Symphyoglossum hastatum (Bunge) Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21: I. 256 (1848)
= Vincetoxicum hastatum (Bunge) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum carautanum
(Fontella & E.A.Schwarz) Morillo; Ernstia 51: 3 (1989)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará, Rondônia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Telminostelma carautanum Fontella & E.A.Schwarz; Bol. Mus. Bot. Mun. (Curitiba) 45: 5 (1981)
species :
Cynanchum caudiculatum
Rapini; Neodiversity 4: 7 (2009)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Argentina (Misiones)
84 BRA 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum ekmanii (Malme) Sundell; Evol. Monogr., 5(New World Sp. Cynanchum subgen. Mellichampia): 37 (1981)
= Roulinia ekmanii Malme; Arkiv Bot., Stockh. 16: No. 15, 18 (1921)
= Telminostelma ekmanii (Malme) Fontella & E.A.Schwarz; Bol. Mus. Bot. Mun. (Curitiba) 45: 5 (1981)
species :
Cynanchum caudigerum
R.W.Holm; Fieldiana, Bot. 28: No. 3, 505 (1953)
Distribution: Venezuela (Monagas, Sucre)
82 VEN
species :
Cynanchum celebicum
Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Nov. SP. 3: 305 (1907)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum celebicum Koord.; Meded. ´S Lands Plantent. 19: 533 (1898), nomen.
species :
Cynanchum chanchanense
Morillo; Ernstia, 2(1-2): 4 (1992)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Cynanchum chouxii
Liede & Meve; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 14(3-4): 434 (1992 publ. 1993)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum comorense
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. IV. 5: 11. 45 (1927 publ. 1928)
Distribution: Comores (Mayotte, etc.)
29 COM
species :
Cynanchum compactum
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. III. 2: 310 (1914)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum compactum var. imerinense Desc.; Adansonia n.s. 1: 321 (1961)
species :
Cynanchum corymbosum
Wight; Contrib. Bot. India 56 (1834)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan); Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tripura); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Taninthayi); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Penang)
36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND 41 CBD LAO MYA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyathella corymbosa (Wight) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(6): 465 (1990)
= Cynoctonum corymbosum (Wight) Decne.; Prodr. 8: 528 (1844)
= Vincetoxicum corymbosum (Wight) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 1204 (1895)
species :
Cynanchum crassiantherae
Liede; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83(3): 307 (1996)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Cynanchum crassipedicellatum
Meve & Liede; Novon 4(3): 276 (1994)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum cristalinense
Morillo; Acta Bot. Venezuel., 16(2-4): 56 (1993)
Distribution: Venezuela (Trujillo)
82 VEN
species :
Cynanchum cuatrecasasii
Morillo; Acta Bot. Venezuel., 16(2-4): 58 (1993)
Distribution: Venezuela (Tachira)
82 VEN
species :
Cynanchum cubense
(A.Rich.) Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 213 (1941)
Distribution: Belize; Panama; Cuba
80 BLZ PAN 81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Gonolobus cubensis A.Rich.; Fl. Cub. Fanerog. 2: 98 (1850)
= Metalepis cubensis (A.Rich.) Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. 180 (1866)
species :
Cynanchum cucullatum
N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1897: 272 (1897)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum cyathiforme
(Sundell) W.D.Stevens; Novon 10(3): 242 (2000)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum racemosum var. cyathiforme Sundell; Evol. Monogr., 5(New World Sp. Cynanchum subgen. Mellichampia): 51 (1981)
species :
Cynanchum daltonii
(Decne.) Liede & Meve; Kew Bull. 67(4): 752 (2012)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl., Ilha Brava)
21 CVI
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma daltonii Decne.; Hook. Niger Fl. 149. t. 14 (1849)
species :
Cynanchum danguyanum
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. IV. 5: 11. 42 (1927 publ. 1928)
Distribution: C-Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.)
29 COM MDG
species :
Cynanchum decaryi
Choux; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 31: 397 (1925)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum decipiens
C.K.Schneid.; Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 3: 345 (1916)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cynanchum decorsei
(Costantin & Gallaud) Liede & Meve; Adansonia ser. 3, 23(2): 350 (2001)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Drepanostemma luteum Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Rev. Gen. Bot. 23: 256 (1911)
= Sarcostemma decorsei Costantin & Gallaud; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 12: 418 (1906)
species :
Cynanchum defilippii
Delponte; Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino, ser. 2, 26: 130 (1871)
Distribution: SE-China
36 CHI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Cynanchum descoingsii
Rauh; Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 85: 37 (1993)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum diazmirandae
Morillo; Acta Bot. Venezuel., 16(2-4): 60 (1993)
Distribution: Venezuela (Merida)
82 VEN
species :
Cynanchum doleriticum
Goyder; Fl. Zambes. 7(3): 342 (2020)
Distribution: E-Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
species :
Cynanchum dombeyanum
(Decne.) Morillo; Ernstia, 2(3-4): 68 (1992)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoctonum dombeyanum Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 529 (1844)
= Vincetoxicum dombeyanum (Decne.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum duclouxii
M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li; Novon 5: 6. (1995)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cynanchum elachistemmoides
(Liede & Meve) Liede & Meve; Adansonia ser. 3, 23(2): 350 (2001)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma elachistemmoides Liede & Meve; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 118(1): 41 (1995)
species :
Cynanchum ellipticum
(Harv.) R.A.Dyer; Bot. Surv. S. Afr. Mem. No. 17, 138 (1937)
Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
26 MOZ 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Bunburia elliptica Harv.; Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. I. 417 (1838)
= Cynanchum capense Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 47 (1794), nom. illeg., non L.f.
species :
Cynanchum erythranthum
Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. II. 6: 190 (1908)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum ethiopicum
Liede & Khanum; Taxon 65(3): 478 (2016), nom. nov.
subspecies :
subsp. ethiopicum
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; N-Namibia; N-Botswana; South Africa (Mpulamanga); Eswatini [Swaziland]
24 ETH SOM 25 UGA 26 MLW ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentarrhinum abyssinicum Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 553 (1844)
subspecies :
subsp. angolense
(N.E.Br.) Liede & Khanum; Taxon 65(3): 478 (2016)
Distribution: Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Namibia
23 CMN ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM 27 NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentarrhinum abyssinicum subsp. angolense (N.E.Br.) Liede & Nicholas; Kew Bull. 47(3): 482 (1992)
= Pentarrhinum abyssinicum var. angolense N.E.Br.; F. T. A. 4(1): 379 (1902)
species :
Cynanchum eurychitoides
(K.Schum.) K.Schum.; Engl. et Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. iv, 2 253 (1895)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Vincetoxicum eurychitoides K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 136 (1893)
species :
Cynanchum eurychiton
(Bojer ex Decne.) K.Schum.; Engl. et Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. iv, 2 253 (1895)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoctonum eurychiton Bojer ex Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 528 (1844)
= Exostegia laevigata Bojer ex Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 528 (1844)
= Vincetoxicum eurychiton (Bojer ex Decne.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
= Vincetoxicum virescens K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 137 (1893)
species :
Cynanchum falcatum
Hutch. & E.A.Bruce; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1941: 145 (1941)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN
species :
Cynanchum fernandezii
Morillo; Ernstia, 2(1-2): 6 (1992)
Distribution: Venezuela (Tachira)
82 VEN
species :
Cynanchum fimbricoronum
P.T.Li; J. S. China Agric. Univ. 14(1): 58 (1993), nom. nov.
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum fimbriatum Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. IV. 5: II. 32 (1927 publ. 1928)
= Cynanchum fimbricorona Liede; Govaerts, World Checklist Seed Plants 3(1): 21 (1999), nom. nov.
species :
Cynanchum floriferum
Liede & Meve; Adansonia ser. 3, 23(2): 350 (2001), nom. nov.
Distribution: N-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Folotsia floribunda Desc.; Adansonia n. s. 1: 313 (1962)
= Prosopostelma grandiflorum Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille 22: 317 (1914)
species :
Cynanchum foetidum
(Cav.) Kunth; Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3: 202 (1819)
Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de México, Chiapas, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, México State, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Tlaxcala, Yucatán)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias foetida Cav.; Ic. 2: 45. t. 158 (1793)
= Cynanchum lignosum (Vail) Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 210 (1941)
= Pergularia laevis Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 72 (1894)
= Roulinia foetida (Cav.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Chicago, Bot., ser. iii. 389 (1930)
= Rouliniella foetida (Cav.) Vail; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 667 (1902)
= Rouliniella lignosa Vail; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 665 (1902)
= Telminostelma foetidum (Cav.) Fontella & E.A.Schwarz; Bol. Mus. Bot. Mun. (Curitiba) 45: 6 (1981)
species :
Cynanchum folotsioides
Liede & Meve; Novon 6(1): 60 (1996)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum forskaolianum
(Schult.) Meve & Liede; Kew Bull. 67(4): 752 (2012)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia; Yemen (W-Yemen: Tihama)
35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias aphylla Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 50 (1775)
= Asclepias contorta Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt. Arabia. p. 153 n. 188 (1775)
= Sarcostemma forskaolianum Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 6: 117 (1820), nom. superfl.
species :
Cynanchum fragrans
(Wall.) Liede & Khanum; Taxon 65(3): 479 (2016)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Holostemma fragrans Wall.; Pl. As. Rar. 2: 51 (1831)
species :
Cynanchum gentryi
(Morillo) Liede; Novon 7(2): 178 (1997)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Metalepis gentryi Morillo; Ernstia 1(2): 54 (1991)
species :
Cynanchum gerrardi
(Harv.) Liede; Taxon 40(1): 117 (1991)
subspecies :
subsp. gerrardi
Distribution: South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Soqotra; Kenya; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; South Africa (Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar (Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Toliara); Comores (Mayotte, etc.)
24 ERI ETH SOC SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 NAM SAF SWZ 29 COM MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcocyphula gerrardii Harv.; Thes. Cap. 2: 58. t. 191 (1863)
= Cynanchum sarcostemmatoides K.Schum.; Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C (1895) 323, et in Engl. et Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. IV(2): 252 (1895)
= Cynanchum edule Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Compt. Rend., clii. 1016, et in Rev. Gen. Bot. 1911 23: 258 (1911)
= Vincetoxicum sarcostemmoides Schweinf. ex Penz.; Atti Congr. bot. Genova (1893) 349, nomen.
subspecies :
subsp. ingae
Meve, L.E.Newton & Liede; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 38: 14 (2016)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
subspecies :
subsp. bekinolense
(Choux) Liede & Meve; Adansonia ser. 3, 23(2): 349 (2001)
Distribution: Madagascar (Mahajanga); Comores
29 COM MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum bekinolense Choux; Ann. Mus Col. Marseille, ser. III. 2: 311 (1914)
subspecies :
subsp. lenewtonii
(Liede) Goyder; Kew Bull. 63(3): 465 (2009)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum lenewtonii Liede; Kew Bull. 49(1): 119 (1994)
species :
Cynanchum gilbertii
Liede; Novon 7(2): 178 (1997), nom. nov.
Distribution: Panama; French Guiana
80 PAN 82 FRG
Synonyms: hidden
= Metalepis prevostiae Morillo; Ernstia 1(2): 55 (1991)
species :
Cynanchum giraldii
Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: Beibl. 82: 92 (1905)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Remarks: Sect. Rhodostegiella
species :
Cynanchum glomeratum
Bosser; Fl. Mascar. 122: 24 ) (2005)
Distribution: Mauritius
29 MAU
species :
Cynanchum goertsianum
Morillo; Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., C 91(2): 161 (1988)
Distribution: French Guiana
82 FRG
species :
Cynanchum gonoloboides
Schltr.; Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.-Exped. 1907-8 2: 543 (1913)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentarrhinum gonoloboides (Schltr) Liede; Syst. Bot. 22(2): 368 (1997)
species :
Cynanchum gossweileri
S.Moore; J. Bot. 50: 363 (1912)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Schizostephanus gossweileri (S.Moore) Liede; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 114(1): 92 (1994)
species :
Cynanchum gracillimum
Wall. ex Wight; Contrib. Bot. India 57 (1834)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan); Myanmar (Sagaing)
36 CHI 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelostemma gracillimum (Wall. ex Wight) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 4: 21 (1883) et ex Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 4: 101 (1939), descr. ampl.
species :
Cynanchum graminiforme
Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 18(1-2): 103 (1996)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum grandidieri
Liede & Meve; Adansonia ser. 3, 23(2): 350-351 (2001), nom. nov.
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Decanema grandiflorum Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. II. 6: 195 (1908)
= Folotsia grandiflora (Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier) Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Compt. Rend., clii. 1017, et in Rev. Gen. Bot. 23: 254 (1911)
= Folotsia sarcostemmoides Costantin & Bois; Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Par. cxlvii. 258 (1908)
species :
Cynanchum graphistemmatoides
Liede & Khanum; Taxon 65(3): 479 (2016), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Graphistemma pictum (Champ. ex Benth.) Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9: 776 (1876)
= Graphistemma pictum Baill.; Hist. des pl. 10: 253 (1890)
= Holostemma pictum Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 53 (1853)
species :
Cynanchum guatemalense
Dugand; Caldasia 9: 412 (1966)
Distribution: Guatemala
80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum racemosum var. guatemalense (Dugand) Sundell; Evol. Monogr., 5(New World Sp. Cynanchum subgen. Mellichampia): 50 (1981)
species :
Cynanchum guehoi
Bosser; Fl. Mascar. 122: 22 ) (2005)
Distribution: Rodrigues
29 ROD
species :
Cynanchum hardyi
Liede & Meve; Novon 6(1): 63 (1996)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum hastifolium
N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 297 (1895)
subspecies :
subsp. hastifolium
Distribution: Senegal; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania
22 BKN MLI SEN 24 ERI ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum clavidens subsp. hastifolium (N.E.Br.) Liede; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83(3): 306 (1996)
= Cynanchum macinense A.Chev.; Explor. Bot. Afrique Occ. Franc. 1: 435 (1920), nomen.
subspecies :
subsp. clavidens
(N.E.Br.) Liede; Novon 16(3): 372 (2006)
Distribution: Mauritania; Senegal; Mali; Burkina Faso; Niger; Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania
22 BKN MLI MTN NGR SEN 24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum clavidens N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 256 (1895)
subspecies :
subsp. longirostrum
Goyder; Kew Bull. 63(3): 464 (2009)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN
species :
Cynanchum haughtii
Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 276 (1941)
Distribution: Ecuador (type only)
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Metalepis haughtii (Woodson) Morillo; Ernstia 1(2): 55 (1991)
species :
Cynanchum hemsleyanum
(Oliv.) Liede & Khanum; Taxon 65(3): 479 (2016)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Aphanostelma chinensis Schltr. ex H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tchéou: 40 (1914), orth. var.
= Aphanostelma sinensis (Hemsl.) Schltr.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 39 (1914)
= Holostemma sinense Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 103 (1889)
= Metaplexis hemsleyana Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 20: Pl. 1970 (1891)
= Metaplexis japonica var. platyloba Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 994 (1936)
= Metaplexis sinensis (Hemsl.) Hu; J. Arnold Arb. 6: 143 (1925)
species :
Cynanchum heteromorphum
Vatke; Linnaea 40: 215 (1876)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum fraternum N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 256 (1895)
= Cynanchum pleianthum K.Schum.; Ann. Ist. Bot. Roma 7: 39 (1897)
species :
Cynanchum hickenii
Malme; Arkiv Bot., Stockh. 25: A. No. 7. p. 5 (1933)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Cynanchum hoedimeerium
Bakh.f.; Blumea 6: 369 (1950)
subspecies :
subsp. hoedimeerium
Distribution: Sulawesi; Java
42 JAW SUL
subspecies :
subsp. timorense
Liede; Bluntea 44(2): 481 (1999)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (East Timor)
42 LSI
species :
Cynanchum hooperianum
(Blume) Liede & Khanum; Taxon 65(3): 479 (2016)
Distribution: China (SW-Guangxi); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Java; Sulawesi
36 CHI 41 CBD LAO THA VIE 42 JAW SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxystelma hooperianum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1053 (1826)
= Raphistemma brevipedunculatum Y.Wan; Guihaia 3(3): 197 (1983)
= Cynanchum longhushanense G.D.Tang & Miao Liao; PhytoKeys 241: 54 (2024), nom. nov. for Raphistemma brevipedunculatum Y. Wan
= Raphistemma hooperianum (Blume) Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 516 (1844)
species :
Cynanchum hubeiense
Wen B.Xu, B.S.Xia & J.Y.Shen; Taiwania 66(1): 53 (2021)
Distribution: China (Hubei)
36 CHI
species :
Cynanchum humbert-capuronii
Liede & Meve; Adansonia ser. 3, 23(2): 351 (2001), nom. nov.
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Folotsia humbertii Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 18(1-2): 132 (1996)
species :
Cynanchum implicatum
(Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier) Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Compt. Rend., 152: 1016, et in Rev. Gen. Bot. 1911 23: 252 (1911)
Distribution: Madagascar (Antsiranana, Mahajanga)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum aequilongum Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. III. 2: 309 (1914)
= Sarcostemma implicatum Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 147: 687 (1908), nomen, et in Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. II. 6: 192 (1908), descr.
= Vohemaria implicata (Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier) Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Rev. Gen. de Bot. 21: 52 (1909)
species :
Cynanchum insigne
(N.E.Br.) Liede & Meve; Adansonia ser. 3, 23(2): 351 (2001)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Platykeleba insignis N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: Soc. 250 (1895)
= Sarcostemma insigne (N.E.Br.) Desc.; Adansonia n. s. 1: 314 (1962)
species :
Cynanchum insipidum
(E.Mey.) Liede & Khanum; Taxon 65(3): 479 (2016)
Distribution: Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia (incl. Caprivi Strip); Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; etc.
23 CMN CON ZAI 24 ERI ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentarrhinum insipidum E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 200 (1837)
species :
Cynanchum itremense
Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 14(3-4): 436 (1992 publ. 1993)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum jaliscanum
(Vail) Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 209 (1941)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Rouliniella jaliscana Vail; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 668 (1902)
species :
Cynanchum juliani-marnieri
Desc.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1 18(1-2): 107 (1971)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum jumellei
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. IV. 5: II. 29 (1927 publ. 1928)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum junciforme
(Decne.) Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 14(3-4): 449 (1992 publ. 1993)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum rusillonii Hochr.; Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Geneve 11: & 12: 91 (1908)
= Pycnoneurum junciforme Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. II. 9: 340 (1838)
species :
Cynanchum kaschgaricum
Y.X.Liou; Fl. Desert. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 3: 473 (1992), et Taxon 45: 204 (1996)
Distribution: China (Xinjiang)
36 CHI
Remarks: Sect. Rhodostegiella
species :
Cynanchum kingdonwardii
M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li; Novon 5: 6 (1995)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cynanchum kintungense
Tsiang; Sunyatsenia 4: 110 (1939)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Remarks: Sect. Rhodostegiella
species :
Cynanchum kwangsiense
Tsiang & H.D.Zhang; Tsiang & P. T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 109 (1974)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyathella kwangsiensis (Tsiang & H.D.Zhang) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(6): 465 (1990)
species :
Cynanchum laeve
(Michx.) Pers.; Syn. 1: 274 (1805)
Name: Honeyvine
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)
72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ampelamus albidus (Nutt.) Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 314 (1894)
= Ampelamus laevis (Michx.) Krings; Sida 19(4): 927 (2001)
= Ampelamus riparius Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 183 (1840)
= Ampelanus albidus (Nutt.) Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 314 (1894)
= Enslenia albida Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 165 (1818)
= Enslenia cinerea Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 850 (1824)
= Gonolobus laevis Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 119 (1803)
= Gonolobus nuttallianus Spreng.; Syst. 1: 845 (1824)
= Gonolobus nuttallii Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 598 (1844)
= Gonolobus viridiflorus Nutt.; Gen. Am. 1: 163 (1818)
= Vincetoxicum gonocarpos var. laevis (Michx.) Britton; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 266 (1894)
species :
Cynanchum lanhsuense
T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 43: 168 (1968)
Distribution: Taiwan (Lan Yu Isl.)
38 TAI
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Cynanchum lecomtei
Choux; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 33: 196 (1927)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum ledermannii
Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 140 (1913)
Distribution: Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Tanzania
23 BUR CMN ZAI 25 TAN
Conservation Status: IUCN VU (Cameroon)
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentarrhinum ledermannii (Schltr.) Goyder & Liede; Kew Bull. 63(3): 466 (2009)
= Pentarrhinum abyssinicum subsp. ijimense Goyder; Cheek et al., Pl. Mount Oku & Ijim Ridge, Cameroon, Conserv. Checklist: 92 (2000)
species :
Cynanchum leptostephanum
Diels; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 785 (1942)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Cynanchum leucophellum
Diels; Biblioth. Bot. 29: Heft 116, P. 126 (1937)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Cynanchum ligulatum
(Benth.) Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 210 (1941)
Name: Mexican swallow-wort
Distribution: USA (Arizona); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, México State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Querétaro, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Ampelamus ligulatus (Benth.) A.Heller; Bot. Explor. S. Texas: 79 (1895)
= Cynanchum sinaloense (Brandegee ) Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 210 (1941)
= Enslenia ligulata Benth.; Pl. Hartw. 290 (1840)
= Mellichampia ligulata (Benth.) Vail; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 425 (1899)
= Mellichampia rubescens A.Gray ex S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 437 (1887)
= Mellichampia sinaolense (Brandegee) Kearney & Peebles; J. Washington Acad. Sci. 29: 488 (1939)
= Roulinia ligulata (Benth.) Pittier; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 111 (1910)
= Roulinia sinaloensis Brandegee; Zoe 5: 243 (1908)
species :
Cynanchum lineare
N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1897: 273 (1897)
subspecies :
subsp. lineare
Distribution: Madagascar (Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga); Comores (Mayotte, etc.)
29 COM MDG
subspecies :
subsp. keraudreniae
Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 18(1-2): 108 (1996)
Distribution: Madagascar (Antsiranana); Comores
29 COM MDG
species :
Cynanchum liukiuense
Warb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Nov. Sp. 3: 305 (1907)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.; ?Philippines (?Batan)
38 NNS
Synonyms: hidden
= Graphistemma liukiuense (Warb.) Hatus.; List Fl. Ryukyus, ed. 3: 115 (1977)
species :
Cynanchum loheri
Schltr.; Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philipp 1: 120 (1904)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah); Palawan (Culion); Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Basilan, Mindanao)
42 BOR PHI PLW
species :
Cynanchum longipedunculatum
M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li; Novon 5: 7 (1995)
Distribution: W-China (Sichuan or Hubei)
36 CHI
species :
Cynanchum longipes
N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1897: 273 (1897)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Ivory Coast; Benin; Nigeria; Gabon; ?Central African Republic
22 BEN GAM GNB GUI IVO NGA SEN 23 GAB
species :
Cynanchum longirostrum
(K.Schum.) W.D.Stevens; Phytologia 64(5): 333 (1988)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru
83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Diplolepis longirostrum K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 725 (1898)
species :
Cynanchum lopezpalaciosii
Morillo; Acta Bot. Venezuel., 16(2-4): 61 (1993)
Distribution: Venezuela (Merida)
82 VEN
species :
Cynanchum luteifluens
(Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier) Desc.; Adansonia n. s. 1: 314 (1962)
Distribution: Madagascar; Mozambique Channel Isl. [Iles Éparses] (Ile Europa)
29 MCI MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias aphylla Bojer ex Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 546 (1844)
= Cynanchum decaisneanum Desc.; Adansonia n. s. 1: 314 (1962)
= Decanema bojerianum Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. II. 9: 338. t. 12 (1838)
= Decanema luteifluens Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Compt. Rend, clii. 1017, et in Rev. Gen. Bot. 1911 23: 253 (1911)
= Sarcostemma mauritianum Bojer; Hort. Maurit. 214 (1837)
variant :
var. longicoronae
Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 18(1-2): 119 (1996)
Distribution: Madagascar (Fianarantsoa, Toliara)
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum lysimachioides
Tsiang & P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 89 (1974)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Remarks: Sect. Rhodostegiella
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum likiangense W.T.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12(1): 89 (1974) ex Tsiang & P. T. Li
species :
Cynanchum maasii
Morillo; Pittieria 23: 45 (1995)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Cynanchum macranthum
Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Compt. Rend., clii. 1016, et in Rev. Gen. Bot. 1911 23: 260 (1911)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Karimbolea macrantha (Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier) Liede & Meve; Brittonia 48(4): 502 (1996 publ. 1997)
species :
Cynanchum macrolobum
Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Compt. Rend., clii. 1016, et in Rev. Gen. Bot. 1911 23: 257 (1911)
Distribution: Madagascar (Fianarantsoa, Toliara)
29 MDG
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Cynanchum madagascariense
(K.Schum.) K.Schum.; Engl. et Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. IV(2): 253 (1895)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum helicoideum Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. III. 2: 354 (1914)
= Vincetoxicum madagascariense K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 138 (1893), nom. illeg.
species :
Cynanchum mahafalense
Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Compt. Rend., clii. 1016, et in Rev. Gen. Bot. 1911 23: 260 (1911)
Distribution: Madagascar (Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa, Toliara)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum ambositrense Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. III. 2: 308 (1914)
species :
Cynanchum malampayae
(Kloppenb., Cajano & Hadsall) Sodusta; Phytotaxa 394(3): 227 (2019)
Distribution: Philippines
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma malampayae Kloppenb., Cajano & Hadsall; Hoya New 5(2): 34 (2015)
species :
Cynanchum mariense
(Meve & Liede) Liede & Meve; Adansonia ser. 3, 23(2): 351 (2001)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Karimbolea mariensis Meve & Liede; Bradleya 16: 10 (1998)
species :
Cynanchum mariquitense
Mutis; Diario 2: 445 (1958)
Distribution: Colombia
82 CLM
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Cynanchum marnieranum
Rauh; Cact. & Succ. J. Amer. 42: 104 (1970)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Cynanchum masoalense
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. IV. 5: II. 40 (1927 publ. 1928)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum maximoviczii
Pobed.; Kom., Fl. URSS 18: 717 (1952)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Japan (Honshu, Hokkaido)
31 RFE 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum boudieri subsp. caudatum (Miq.) P.T.Li, M.G.Gilbert & W.D.Stevens; Novon 5(1): 5 (1995)
= Cynanchum caudatum (Miq.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 23: 375 (1877)
= Cynanchum caudatum var. tanzawamontanum S.Kigawa; Bull. Kanagawa Prefect. Mus., Nat. Sci. 18: 13 (1989)
= Cynanchum ikema Siebold ex Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 122 (1932), in adnot.
= Endotropis caudata Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 128 (1865)
= Vincetoxicum caudatum (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum megalanthum
M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li; Novon 5: 7. (1995)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Myanmar
36 CHI 41 MYA
species :
Cynanchum membranaceum
(Liede & Meve) Liede & Meve; Adansonia ser. 3, 23(2): 351 (2001)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma membranaceum Liede & Meve; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 118(1): 43 (1995)
species :
Cynanchum menarandrense
Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Compt. Rend., clii. 1016, et in Rev. Gen. Bot. 1911 23: 257 (1911)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum antandroy Desc.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 118 (1-2): 109 (1971)
species :
Cynanchum messeri
(Buchenau) Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Rev. Gén. Bot. 23(no. 268): 252 (1911)
Distribution: Madagascar (Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Toliara)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Vohemaria messeri Buchenau; Abh. Naturw. Ver. Bremek. 10: 372, t. 6, fig. 9-12 (1889)
species :
Cynanchum mevei
Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 18(1-2): 120 (1996)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum mexicoense
P.T.Li; J. S. China Agric. Univ. 14(1): 58 (1993), nom. nov.
Distribution: Mexico
79 MEX
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum pallidum Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexico. ed. 2, 70 (1894), nom. illeg.
species :
Cynanchum meyeri
(Decne.) Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: Beibl. n. 51 (1895) 2
Distribution: SW-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum mucronatum N.E.Br.; Harv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 4(1): 745 (1908), nom. illeg.
= Cynanchum ovatum (E.Mey.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 618 (1917), nom. illeg.
= Cynanchum pearsonii N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 18 (1914)
= Cynoctonum meyeri Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 531 (1844)
= Sarcostemma ovatum E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 221 (1838)
= Vincetoxicum meyeri (Decne.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum microstemma
(Turcz.) Morillo; Acta Bot. Venezuel., 16(2-4): 63 (1993)
Distribution: Venezuela (Trujillo)
82 VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoctonum microstemma Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 25: II. 316 (1852)
species :
Cynanchum minahassae
Schltr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34: 11. 3 (1916)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
species :
Cynanchum montanum
(Schltr.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status and phylogenetic position uncertain
Synonyms: hidden
= Mahawoa montana Schltr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34(2): 2 (1916)
species :
Cynanchum montevidense
Spreng.; Syst. 1: 851 (1825)
Distribution: Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Chocó, Córdoba, Magdalena, Meta); Venezuela (Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Portuguesa, Tachira); Guyana; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, Pando, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Tocantins, Acre, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Uruguay (Montevideo, San Jose); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Tucuman)
80 PAN 82 CLM GUY VEN 83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias cordata Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 3: 116 (1829), nom. illeg.
= Cynanchum cordatum Vell.; Fl. Flum. 3: t. 56 (1829)
= Cynanchum magdalenicum Dugand; Caldasia 9: 408 (1966)
= Cynanchum tamifolium Hook. & Arn.; Hook. J. Bot. 1: 294 (1834)
= Cynanchum tamifolium var. major Hook. & Arn.; J. Bot. (Hooker) 1: 294 (1835)
= Cynanchum tamifolium var. minor Hook. & Arn.; J. Bot. (Hooker) 1: 294 (1835)
= Roulinia acuta Decne.; DC., Prodr. 8: 517 (1844)
= Roulinia convolvulacea Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 517 (1844)
= Roulinia cordata J.F.Macbr.; Candollea 5: 401 (1934), nom. superfl.
= Roulinia fluminensis Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 517 (1844)
= Roulinia mannii Rusby; Mem. New York. Bot. Gard. 7: 333 (1927)
= Roulinia modesta Decne.; DC., Prodr. 8: 517 (1844)
= Roulinia montevidensis (Spreng.) Malme; Arkiv Bot., Stockh. 16: No. 15, 17 (1921)
= Roulinia riedelii E.Fourn.; Mart., Fl. Bras. (Mart.) 6(4): 217 (1885)
= Roulinia selloana E.Fourn.; Mart., Fl. Bras. (Mart.) 6(4): 216 (1885)
= Roulinia tamifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 517 (1844)
= Roulinia versicolor Lem.; Herb. Gén. Amat., sér. 2, 4: 30 (1844)
= Roulinia voglii Suess.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München, Heft 1, 13 (1950)
= Rouliniella jamaicensis (Griseb.) Rendle; J. Bot. 74: 340 (1936)
= Vincetoxicum montevidense (Spreng.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum mooreanum
Hemsl.; F. B. Forbes & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 108 (1889)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Remarks: Sect. Rhodostegiella
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum affine Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 104 (1889)
= Vincetoxicum affine (Hemsl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
= Vincetoxicum chinense S.Moore; J. Bot. 13: 228 (1875) (not Cynanchum chinense R. Br. 1810)
species :
Cynanchum moramangense
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. IV. 5: II. 34 (1927 publ. 1928)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum moratii
Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 14(3-4): 438 (1992 publ. 1993)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum mossambicense
K.Schum.; Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C (1895) 323, et in Engl. et Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. IV(2): 254 (1895)
Distribution: Malawi; E-Zimbabwe; W-Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MLW MOZ ZIM 27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum complexum N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 256, 337 (1895)
species :
Cynanchum mulanjense
(Liede & Meve) Liede & Meve; Kew Bull. 67(4): 753 (2012)
Distribution: Malawi; N-Mozambique
26 MLW MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanthum viminale subsp. mulanjense (Liede & Meve) Goyder; Kew Bull. 63(3): 471 (2009)
= Sarcostemma mulanjense Liede & Meve; Novon 2(3): 223 (1992)
species :
Cynanchum napiferum
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. 111. 2: 353 (1914)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum natalitium
Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: Beibl. n. 45 32 (1894)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Cynanchum nematostemma
Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 18(1-2): 123 (1996), nom. nov.
Distribution: E-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Nematostemma perrieri Choux; Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 172: 1310 (1921)
species :
Cynanchum neoleucanthum
Cai F.Zhang, G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang; Phytotaxa 597(4): 297 (2023), nom. nov.
subspecies :
subsp. neoleucanthum
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum leucanthum (K.Schum.) K.Schum.; Engl. et Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. IV(2): 253 fig. 73g (1895), non Jacq. ex J. F. Gmel.
= Vincetoxicum leucanthum K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 138 (1893)
subspecies :
subsp. elongatum
(Liede) Cai F.Zhang, G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang; Phytotaxa 597(4): 298 (2023)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum leucanthum subsp. elongatum Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 14(3-4): 445 (1992 publ. 1993)
species :
Cynanchum nielsenii
Morillo; Pittieria 23: 46 (1995)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Cynanchum obovatum
(Decne.) Choux; Cat. Pl. Madag., Asclep. 13 (1931)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyathella mucronata Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, 9: 333 (1838)
= Cynoctonum obovatum Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 529 (1844)
= Vincetoxicum obovatum (Decne.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 425 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum obtusifolium
L.f.; Suppl. 169 (1782)
Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
26 MOZ 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Colostephanus capensis Harv.; Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. I. 417 (1838)
= Cynanchum obtusifolium var. pilosum Schltr.; Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 10 (1894)
= Cynoctonum brownii Meisn.; London J. Bot. 2: 546 (1843) (nom. superfl.)
= Cynoctonum capense E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 216 (1838)
= Cynoctonum crassifolium E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr.: 216 (1838), nom. illeg., non R. Br.
= Cynoctonum dregeanum Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 531 (1844)
= Vincetoxicum capense (Harv.) Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: Beibl. n. 51: 6 (1895)
= Vincetoxicum dregeanum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
= Vincetoxicum obtusifolium (L.f.) Kuntze; Rev. Gen. 3: II. 200 (1898)
species :
Cynanchum officinale
(Hemsl.) Tsiang & H.D.Zhang; Tsiang & P. T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 90 (1974)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Remarks: Sect. Rhodostegiella
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum bodinieri Schltr. ex H.Lév.; (1914)
= Pentatropis officinalis Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 110 (1889)
species :
Cynanchum olimpanjehy
Rzepecky & Meve; Haseltonia 28(1): 89 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum orangeanum
(Schltr.) N.E.Br.; Harv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 4: 1. 745 (1908)
Distribution: Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (North-West Prov., Free State, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 BOT NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Flanagania orangeana Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: Beibl. n. 45 10 (1894)
species :
Cynanchum oresbium
(Bruyns) Goyder; Kew Bull. 63(3): 471 (2009)
Distribution: Mozambique
26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma oresbium Bruyns; Kew Bull. 58(2): 433 (2003)
species :
Cynanchum ovalifolium
Wight; Contrib. Bot. India 57 (1834)
Distribution: Taiwan (incl. Lan Yu Isl., Lutao Isl.); peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra (incl. Krakatau); Borneo (Mabul Isl.); Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Panay); Java; Moluccas (Halmaheira, Ambon); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Cape York Peninsula, Queensland)
38 TAI 42 BOR JAW MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM 50 AUS
Conservation Status: vulnerable (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyathella formosana (Maxim.) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(6): 464-465 (1990)
= Cyathella formosana var. ovalifolia (Tsiang & P.T.Li) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(6): 465 (1990)
= Cynanchum crassifolium Hatus.; J. Geobot. 12: 9 (1963) (non R. Br. (1810))
= Cynanchum formosanum (Maxim.) Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 106 (1889)
= Cynanchum formosanum var. ovalifolium Tsiang & P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12(1): 109 (1974)
= Cynanchum hatusimae P.T.Li; Hokuriku J. Bot. 12: 9 (1963), et J. S. China Agric. Univ. 12(3): 41 (1991) (nom. nov.)
= Cynanchum javanicum (Koord.) Bakh.f.; Backer, Beknopte Fl. Java, Afl. viii a. Fam. 173, 19 (1949), in clavi, et Blumea 6: 369 (1950)
= Cynanchum laeve (Blume) K.Schum.; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 252 (1895), nom. illeg.
= Cynanchum luzonicum Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 538 (1915)
= Cynanchum ovalifolium var. angustifolium Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 381 (1923)
= Cynanchum zollingeri (Miq.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 436 (1899)
= Cynoctonum blumei Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 528 (1844)
= Cynoctonum formosanum Maxim.; Melanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 9: 801 (1876)
= Cynoctonum ovalifolium (Wight) Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 529 (1844)
= Cynoctonum zollingeri Miq.; Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 479 (1856)
= Holostemma laeve Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1055 (1826)
= Marsdenia javanica Koord.; Koord.-Schum. Syst. Vers. 1: Fam. 248, 8 (1911)
= Vincetoxicum discolor Warb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 409 (1891), non Woodson
= Vincetoxicum formosanum (Maxim.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 2: 424 (1891)
= Vincetoxicum laeve (Blume) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 423 (1891)
= Vincetoxicum zollingeri (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum pachycladon
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. IV. 5: II. 54 (1927 publ. 1928)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Cynanchum pamirense
Tsiang & H.D.Zhang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12(1): 110 (1974) (nom. nov.)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum stellatum Pobed.; Kom., Fl. URSS 18: 754 (1952), nom. illeg.
= Cynanchum stellatum var. lanceolatolobatum Rassulova & B.A.Sharipova; Izv. Akad. Nauk Tadzh. SSR, Biol. Nauk, 2(83): 33 (1981)
= Cynanchum stellatum var. oblongolobatum Rassulova & B.A.Sharipova; Izv. Akad. Nauk Tadzh. SSR, Biol. Nauk, 2(83): 34 (1981)
= Cynanchum stellatum var. obtusilobatum Rassulova & B.A.Sharipova; Izv. Akad. Nauk Tadzh. SSR, Biol. Nauk, 2(83): 32 (1981)
= Cynanchum stellatum var. ovalilobatum Rassulova & B.A.Sharipova; Izv. Akad. Nauk Tadzh. SSR, Biol. Nauk, 2(83): 34 (1981)
= Cynanchum stellatum var. ovoideolobatum Rassulova & B.A.Sharipova; Izv. Akad. Nauk Tadzh. SSR, Biol. Nauk, 2(83): 34 (1981)
= Cynanchum stelligerum P.T.Li; J. S. China Agric. Univ. 14(1): 58 (1993), nom. nov. superfl.
species :
Cynanchum papillatum
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. IV. 1: II. 11 (1923)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum paramorum
Morillo; Pittieria 23: 47 (1995)
Distribution: Venezuela (Merida)
82 VEN
species :
Cynanchum pearsonianum
Liede & Meve; Kew Bull. 67(4): 753 (2012)
Distribution: S-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma pearsonii N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 301 (1913)
species :
Cynanchum peraffine
Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 31: 236 (1944)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Veracruz); Guatemala; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Boyacá)
79 MEX 80 COS GUA NIC PAN 82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Marsdenia matudae L.O.Williams; Fieldiana, Bot. 32: 183 (1970)
= Metalepis peraffinis (Woodson) Morillo; Ernstia 1(2): 55 (1991)
species :
Cynanchum perrieri
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille., ser. III. 2: 307 (1914)
Distribution: Madagascar (Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa, Toliara)
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum petignatii
Liede & Rauh; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 18(1-2): 126 (1996)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum phillipsonianum
Liede & Meve; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 18(1-2): 109 (1996)
Distribution: N-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum physocarpum
Schltdl.; Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philipp. 1: 121 (1904)
Distribution: Philippines (Batan, Luzon, Catanduanes, Calamianes)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum schlechterianum Warb.; Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philipp. 1: 121 (1904)
= Cynanchum denigratum Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 10: 3549 (1938), anglice.
species :
Cynanchum pichi-sermollianum
(Raimondo & Fici) Liede & Khanum; Taxon 65(3): 479 (2016)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Glossonema pichi-sermollianum Raimondo & Fici; Webbia 47(1): 145 (1993)
species :
Cynanchum pietrangelii
Morillo; Pittieria 23: 48 (1995)
Distribution: Venezuela (Tachira)
82 VEN
species :
Cynanchum pingtaoi
S.Jin Zeng, G.D.Tang & Miao Liao; PhytoKeys 241: 54 (2024)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cynanchum polyanthum
(K.Schum.) K.Schum.; Engl. et Prantl., Natürl. Pflanzenfam. IV(2): 253 (1895)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Uganda; Angola
22 NGA 23 CMN GAB ZAI 24 SSU 25 UGA 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum obscurum K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engl. & Prantl] 4 2: 253 (1895)
= Cynanchum welwitschii Schltr. & Rendle; J. Bot., 99 (1896)
= Periploca batesii Wernham; J. Bot. 54: 228 (1916)
= Vincetoxicum polyanthum K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 136 (1893) (non Kuntze)
species :
Cynanchum praecox
Schltr. ex S.Moore; J. Bot., 256 (1902)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Nigeria; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe
22 NGA SIE 23 ZAI 24 SSU 25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum pygmaeum Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 140 (1913)
species :
Cynanchum prevostii
Morillo; Ernstia 51: 5 (1989)
Distribution: French Guiana
82 FRG
species :
Cynanchum proctorianum
Spellman & Morillo; Phytologia 34(2): 152 (1976), nom. nov.
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Metastelma fraseri Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 513 (1844)
species :
Cynanchum pulchellum
(Roxb.) Liede & Khanum; Taxon 65(3): 479 (2016)
Distribution: China (SW-Guangxi, S-Yunnan); Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Bago, Mon, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl., Perak, Negeri Sembilan); Java
36 CHI 40 BAN IND NEP 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias pulchella (Wall.) Roxb.; Fl. Ind. ed. 1832. 2: 54 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Oxystelma pulchellum (Wall.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Plant. 2: 902 (1840)
= Pergularia campanulata Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Pl. As. Rar. 2: 50 (1831)
= Raphistemma pulchellum Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 50 (1831)
species :
Cynanchum purpureiflorum
Morillo; Ernstia, 2(1-2): 9 (1992)
Distribution: Venezuela (Tachira)
82 VEN
species :
Cynanchum pusillum
Grubov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 137 (2000), nom. illeg., non Spreng.
Distribution: China (Xinjiang)
36 CHI
species :
Cynanchum pycnoneuroides
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. III. 2: 361 (1914)
Distribution: E-Madagascar (Fianarantsoa)
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum quangbinhense
Nuraliev & V.T.Pham; Taiwania 66(4): 460 (2021)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Cynanchum racemosum
(Jacq.) Jacq.; Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 81 (1763)
Name: Talayote
Distribution: USA (Texas); Costa Rica; Colombia (Atlántico, Bolívar, Chocó, La Guajira, Magdalena, Sucre); Venezuela (Aragua, Falcon, Guarico, Miranda)
77 USA 80 COS 82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias racemosa Jacq.; Enum. Pl. Carib. 17 (1760)
= Enslenia racemosa (Jacq.) Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 418, 735 (1862)
= Enslenia racemosa (Jacq.) Millsp.; Field Columb. Mus. Bot., ser. 1: 38 (1895), isonym
= Gonolobus racemosus (Jacq.) Schult.; Syst. 6: 62 (1820)
= Roulinia jacquinii Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 517 (1844), nom. superfl.
= Roulinia racemosa (Jacq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 422 (1891)
= Rouliniella columbiana Vail; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 663 (1902)
= Rouliniella racemosa (Jacq.) Vail; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 665 (1902)
variant :
var. havanense
Sundell; Evol. Monogr., 5(New World Sp. Cynanchum subgen Mellichampia): 46 (1981)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
variant :
var. unifarium
(Scheele) Sundell; Evol. Monogr., 5 (New World Sp. Cynanchum subgen. Mellichampia): 46 (1981)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum racemosum Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 331 (1920), nom. illeg.
= Cynanchum saepimentorum (Brandegee ) Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 210 (1941)
= Cynanchum unifarium (Scheele) Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 210 (1941)
= Cynanchum veracruzianum Dugand; Caldasia 9: 413 (1966)
= Cynanchum watsonianum Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 210 (1941)
= Gonolobus unifarius Scheele; Linnaea 21: 760 (1848)
= Roulinia palmeri S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 115 (1883)
= Roulinia unifaria (Scheele) Engelm. ex Torr.; Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 160 (1859)
= Rouliniella palmeri (S.Watson) Vail; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 664 (1902)
= Rouliniella unifaria (Scheele) Vail; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 663 (1902)
= Vincetoxicum saepimentorum Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 381 (1913)
species :
Cynanchum radians
(Forssk.) Lam.; Encycl. 2: 236 (1786)
Distribution: Somalia; Saudi Arabia (Midyan, Hejaz, Asir); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen)
24 SOM 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias radians Forssk.; Fl. Aeg.-Arab. 49 (1775)
= Odontanthera radians (Forssk.) D.V.Field; Kew Bull. 37: 343 (1982)
= Odontanthera reniformis Wight; Madras J. Lit. Sci. 7: 143 (1838)
= Steinheilia radians (Forssk.) Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, 9: 339, t. 12E (1838)
species :
Cynanchum radiatum
Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Compt. Rend., clii. 1016, et in Rev. Gen. Bot. 1911 23: 259 (1911)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum rauhianum
Desc.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, cx. 155 (1963)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Cynanchum rensonii
(Pittier) Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 210 (1941)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Yucatán); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum racemosum var. rensonii (Pittier) Sundell; Evol. Monogr., 5(New World Sp. Cynanchum subgen. Mellichampia): 45 (1981)
= Roulinia rensoni Pittier; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 101 (1910)
species :
Cynanchum repandum
(Decne.) K.Schum.; Engl. et Prantl., Natürl. Pflanzenfam. IV(2): 253 (1895)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyathella repanda Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. II. 9: 333 t. 12 (1838)
= Cynanchum subcoriaceum Schltr.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 447 (1896)
= Cynoctonum repandum Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 530 (1844)
= Exostegia filicaulis Bojer ex Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 530 (1844)
= Vincetoxicum repandum (Decne.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 425 (1891)
= Vincetoxicum rutenbergianum Vatke; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 9: 126 (1885)
species :
Cynanchum resiliens
(B.R.Adams & R.W.K.Holland) Goyder; Kew Bull. 63(3): 471 (2009)
Distribution: Kenya; Zimbabwe
25 KEN 26 ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma resiliens B.R.Adams & R.W.K.Holland; Cact. Succ. J. (U. S. A.) 50(4): 166 (1978)
species :
Cynanchum revoilii
(Franch.) Khanum & Liede; Taxon 65(3): 480 (2016)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Abd-al-Kuri Isl.; Soqotra; Kenya; Tanzania
24 ETH SOC SOM 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Gilgia candida Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 81 (1894)
= Glossonema elliotii Schltr.; J. Bot. 33: 304 (1895)
= Glossonema macrosepalum Chiov.; Res. Sci. Somalia Ital. 1: 113 (1916)
= Glossonema revoilii Franch.; Revoil, Comali, 40 (1882)
= Glossonema rivaei K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 323 (1903)
species :
Cynanchum riometense
Sundell; Evol. Monogr., 5(New World Sp. Cynanchum subgen. Mellichampia): 26 (1981)
Distribution: Colombia (Arauca, Meta)
82 CLM
species :
Cynanchum rioparanense
Sundell; Evol. Monogr., 5(New World Sp. Cynanchum subgen. Mellichampia): 24 (1981)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); S-Brazil (Paraná)
84 BRA
species :
Cynanchum robertsoniae
Liede; Kew Bull. 50(4): 805 (1995)
Distribution: Seychelles
29 SEY
species :
Cynanchum rossii
Rauh; Cact. & Succ. J. Amer. 42: 68 (1970)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Conservation Status: IUCN E
species :
Cynanchum rostellatum
(Turcz.) Liede & Khanum; Taxon 65(3): 480 (2016)
Name: Rough potato
Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye); China (throughout); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); USA [I] (Iowa [I])
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO 74 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Metaplexis chinensis (Bunge) Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 511 (1844)
= Metaplexis japonica (Thunb.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 87 (1903)
= Metaplexis japonica f. albiflora Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 59: 15 (1946)
= Metaplexis rostellata Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21(I): 253 (1848)
= Metaplexis stauntonii Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 6: 111 (1820)
= Pergularia japonica Thunb.; Fl. Jap. 1: 11 (1784), et Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 256 (1784)
= Urostelma chinensis Bunge; Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 44 (in Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 2: 118) (1835)
species :
Cynanchum rotiforme
P.T.Li; J. S. China Agric. Univ. 14(1): 58 (1993), nom. nov.
Distribution: Mexico
79 MEX
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status uncertain
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum rotatum Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexico. ed. 2, 70 (1894)
species :
Cynanchum roulinioides
(E.Fourn.) Rapini; Bol. Bot. Univ. São Paulo 19: 100 (2001)
Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, La Paz); NE-Brazil (Piauí, Ceara, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); Paraguay (Amambay)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum contrapetalum Sundell; Evol. Monogr., 5(New World Sp. Cynanchum subgen. Mellichampia): 61 (1981), nom. nov.
= Roulinia parviflora Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 518 (1844)
= Telminostelma parviflorum (Decne.) Fontella & E.A.Schwarz; Bol. Mus. Bot. Mun. (Curitiba) 45: 4 (1981)
= Telminostelma roulinioides E.Fourn.; Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(4): 218 (1885)
species :
Cynanchum roylei
Wight; Contrib. Bot. India [Wight] 58 (1834)
Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Remarks: Sect. Rhodostegiella
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum tomentosum Royle ex Wight; Contrib. Bot. India 58 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Diploglossum roylei (Wight) Meisn.; Gen. Comm. 176 (1840)
= Endotropis roylei (Wight) Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 547 (1844)
= Vincetoxicum roylei (Wight) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 425 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum rubricoronae
Liede; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83(3): 333 (1996)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Cynanchum rungweense
Bullock; Kew Bull. 622 (1955 publ. 1956)
Distribution: S-Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
species :
Cynanchum sahyadricum
(Ansari & Hemadri) Liede & Khanum; Taxon 65(3): 480 (2016)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Seshagiria sahyadrica Ansari & Hemadri; Indian Forester 97(3): 126 (1971)
species :
Cynanchum sarcomedium
Meve & Liede; Kew Bull. 67(4): 753 (2012), nom. nov.
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh); peninsular Malaysia
40 IND 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma intermedium Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 538 (1844)
= Sarcostemma viminale Wight & Arn.; Contrib. Bot. India 59 (1834)
species :
Cynanchum schistoglossum
Schltr.; J. Bot. 33: 271 (1895)
Distribution: Nigeria; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal)
22 NGA 23 CON ZAI 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum brevidens N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 257 (1895)
= Cynanchum brevidens var. zambesiaca N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 257 (1895)
= Cynanchum dewevrei De Wild. & T.Durand; Ann. Mus. Congo, ser. II. 1: II. 42 (1900)
= Cynanchum minutiflorum K.Schum.; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 252 (1895), nom. nud.
= Cynanchum vagum N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 257 (1895)
species :
Cynanchum scopulosum
Bosser; Fl. Mascar. 122:25 (2005)
Distribution: Mauritius
29 MAU
species :
Cynanchum seimundii
Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 86: 300 (1922)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Kuala Tahan, Pahang)
42 MLY
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status uncertain
species :
Cynanchum sessei
P.T.Li; J. S. China Agric. Univ. 14(1): 58 (1993), nom. nov.
Distribution: Mexico
79 MEX
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status uncertain
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum hirsutum Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexico. ed. 2, 70 (1894)
species :
Cynanchum sessiliflorum
(Decne.) Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 14(3-4): 449 (1992 publ. 1993)
Distribution: Madagascar (Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Mahajanga)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pycnoneurum sessiliflorum Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. II. 9: 341 (1838)
species :
Cynanchum sigridiae
Meve & M.Teissier; Bradleya 14: 10 (1996)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum sinoracemosum
M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li; Novon 5: 8 (1995)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cynanchum socotranum
(Lavranos) Meve & Liede; Kew Bull. 67(4): 753 (2012)
Distribution: Samha Isl.; Soqotra
24 SOC
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma socotranum Lavranos; Nation. Cact. Succ. J. (U. K.) 27(2): 37 (1972)
species :
Cynanchum somaliense
(N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4: I. 398 (1903)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum dentatum K.Schum.; Ann. Ist. Bot. Roma 7: 39 (1897)
= Cynanchum trifurcatum Schltr.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 448 (1896)
= Pentarrhinum somaliense (N.E.Br.) Liede; Syst. Bot. 22(2): 368 (1997)
= Schizostephanus somaliensis N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 250 (1895)
species :
Cynanchum staubii
Bosser; Fl. Mascar. 122: 22 ) (2005)
Distribution: Mauritius
29 MAU
species :
Cynanchum stoloniferum
(B.R.Adams & R.W.K.Holland) Goyder; Kew Bull. 63(3): 471 (2009)
Distribution: Kenya; N-Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma stolonifera B.R.Adams & R.W.K.Holland; Cact. Succ. J. (U. S. A.) 50(3): 110 (1978)
species :
Cynanchum subpaniculatum
Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 275 (1941)
Distribution: Tobago; Colombia (Magdalena, Putumayo); French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; N-Brazil (Acre)
81 TRT 82 CLM FRG 83 ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum albiflorum (Urb.) Woodson; Fl. Trinidad & Tobago 2: 168 (1947), nom. illeg., non (Franch. & Sav.) Koidz.
= Cynanchum marsdenioides Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 31: 235 (1944)
= Metalepis albiflora Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 37 (1919)
species :
Cynanchum subtilis
Liede; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, ser. 4, 14(3-4): 440 (1992 publ. 1993)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum suluense
Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 539 (1915)
Distribution: Moluccas (Sula Arch.)
42 MOL
species :
Cynanchum sumbawanum
Warb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Nov. Sp. 3: 306 (1907)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Sumbawa)
42 LSI
species :
Cynanchum surrubriflorum
W.D.Stevens; Novon 15(4): 620 (2005)
Distribution: Mexico (Tabasco, Veracruz)
79 MEX
species :
Cynanchum szechuanense
Tsiang & Zhan; Tsiang & P. T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 86 (1974)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum szechuanense var. albescens Tsiang & H.D.Zhang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12(1): 86 (1974)
species :
Cynanchum tamaense
Morillo; Ernstia, 2(1-2): 10 (1992)
Distribution: Venezuela (Tachira)
82 VEN
species :
Cynanchum thesioides
(Freyn) K.Schum.; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV(2): 252 (1895)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Primorye); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang); Mongolia; North Korea
30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ 36 CHI 37 MON 38 NKO
Remarks: Sect. Rhodostegiella
Synonyms: hidden
= Alexitoxicon sibiricum (L.) Pobed.; Taxon 11: 174 (1962)
= Antitoxicum lanceolatum Grubov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 21 (1955)
= Antitoxicum sibiricum (L.) Pobed.; Kom., Fl. URSS 18: 707 (1952)
= Asclepias sibirica L.; Sp. Pl. 217 (1753)
= Cynanchum gobicum Grubov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 135 (2000), nom. nov.
= Cynanchum longifolium Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 547 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Cynanchum sibiricum (L.) R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 48 (1811), nom. illeg.
= Cynanchum sibiricum f. hypopsilum Nakai & Kitag.; Rep. First. Sci. Exped. Manch., sect. 4 1: 43 (1934)
= Cynanchum sibiricum f. latifolium (Kitag.) Kitag.; Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 363 (1939)
= Cynanchum sibiricum var. australe (Maxim.) Maxim. ex Kom.Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 25(1): 292 (1905)
= Cynanchum sibiricum var. boreale (Maxim.) Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 25(1): 281 (1905), nom. illeg.
= Cynanchum sibiricum var. gracilentum Nakai & Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV 1: 43 (1934)
= Cynanchum sibiricum var. latifolium Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV 4: 40, 90 (1936)
= Cynanchum sibiricum var. thesioides (Freyn) Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 25(1): 282 (1905)
= Cynanchum sibiricum var. triangularilobatum Rassulova & B.A.Sharipova; Izv. Akad. Nauk Tadzh. SSR, Biol. Nauk, 2(83): 32 (1981), without type
= Cynanchum thesioides var. australe (Maxim.) Tsiang & P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12(1): 101 (1974)
= Rhodostegiella sibirica (L.) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(6): 466 (1990)
= Rhodostegiella sibirica var. australis (Maxim.) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(6): 466 (1990)
= Vincetoxicum lanceolatum (Grubov) Grubov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 293 (1972), nom. illeg.
= Vincetoxicum lanceolatum (Grubov) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
= Vincetoxicum sibiricum (L.) Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 525 (1844)
= Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. hypopsilum (Nakai & Kitag.) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchuokuo 4(7): 85 (1940)
= Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. latifolium (Kitag.) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchuokuo 4(7): 85 (1940)
= Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. linearifolium Debeaux; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 31(4): 235 (1877), as ´linearifolia´
= Vincetoxicum sibiricum var. australe Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg 23: 355 (1877)
= Vincetoxicum sibiricum var. boreale Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9: 779 (1876)
= Vincetoxicum sibiricum var. gracilentum (Nakai & Kitag.) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchuokuo 4(7): 85 (1940)
= Vincetoxicum thesioides Freyn; Österr. Bot. Z. 40: 124 (1890)
species :
Cynanchum thruppii
(Oliv.) Khanum & Liede; Taxon 65(3): 481 (2016)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia
24 ETH SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Glossonema hispidum Hutch. & E.A.Bruce; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1941: 146 (1941)
= Glossonema thruppii Oliv.; F. L. James, Unkn. Horn of Afr. Append. 320 (1888)
= Odontanthera thruppii (Oliv.) Mabb.; Taxon, 29(5-6): 606 (1980)
species :
Cynanchum toliari
Liede & Meve; Adansonia ser. 3, 23(2): 351 (2001), nom. nov.
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Folotsia madagascariensis (Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier) Desc.; Adansonia n. s. 1: 313 (1962)
= Prosopostelma madagascariense Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Compt. Rend. clii. 1017 (1911), et in Rev. Gen. de Bot. 23: 256
species :
Cynanchum trilobatum
Lillo; Physis 4: 424 (1919), et ex Malme, Arkiv Bot., Stockh. 26: A. No. 4, 25 (1934), descr. ampl.
Distribution: Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman)
85 ARG
species :
Cynanchum trollii
Liede & Meve; Novon 7(1): 39 (1997)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz)
83 BOL
Conservation Status: Known only from type
species :
Cynanchum tsaratananense
Choux; Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, ser. IV. 5: II. 49 (1927 publ. 1928)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynanchum tuberculatum
(Blume) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 436 (1899)
Distribution: Java
42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoctonum tuberculatum (Blume) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 478 (1857)
= Holostemma tuberculatum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1055 (1827)
= Vincetoxicum tuberculatum (Blume ex Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 425 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum tunicatum
(Retz.) Alston; Trimen, Hand-Book Fl. Sri Lanka 6, Suppl., 194 (1931)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, Yunnan); India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Ayeyarwady)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND SRL 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias tunicata (Retz.) Roxb.; Hort. Bengal.: 20 (1814)
= Cyathella callialata (Buch.-Ham. ex Wight) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(6): 465 (1990)
= Cynanchum angustifolium Wight & Arn.; Contrib. Bot. India 57 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Cynanchum auriculatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wight; Contrib. Bot. India Bot. Ind. 56 (1834)
= Cynanchum callialatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wight; Contrib. Bot. India 56 (1834)
= Cynanchum heyneanum Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 6: 101 (1820)
= Cynanchum inconspicuum Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 66 (1854)
= Cynanchum pauciflorum R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 45 (1811), nom. superfl.
= Cynanchum truncatum R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 440 (1810)
= Cynoctonum angustifolium Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 529 (1844)
= Cynoctonum callialata (Buch.-Ham. ex Wight) Decne.; Prodr. 8: 528 (1844)
= Cynoctonum pauciflorum Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 528 (1844)
= Periploca reticulata Roth; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 6: 101 (1820)
= Periploca tunicata Retz.; Observ. Bot. 2: 15 (1781)
= Periploca tunicata Wight; Contrib. Bot. India 56 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Vincetoxicum callialata (Buch.-Ham. ex Wight) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
= Vincetoxicum capillare (Thunb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
= Vincetoxicum tunicatum (Roxb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 423 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum umtalense
Liede; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83(3): 341 (1996)
Distribution: Malawi; E-Zimbabwe
26 MLW ZIM
species :
Cynanchum validum
N.E.Br.; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4: I. 398 (1903)
Distribution: South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga)
24 ERI ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Schizostephanus alatus Hochst. ex K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 139 (1893)
species :
Cynanchum vanlessenii
(Lavranos) Goyder; Kew Bull. 63(3): 471 (2009)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania; Yemen (W-Yemen)
24 ETH 25 KEN TAN 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma subterranea B.R.Adams & R.W.K.Holland; Cact. Succ. J. (U. S. A.) 50(3): 109 (1978)
= Sarcostemma vanlessenii Lavranos; Nation. Cact. Succ. J. (U. K.) 29: 35 (1974)
species :
Cynanchum varians
(Stocks) Liede & Khanum; Taxon 65(3): 481 (2016)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, Asir, Rub al Khali); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar); Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut, Aden Desert); Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Karachi); India (Gujarat, Rajasthan)
34 IRN 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum registanense Jayanthi; Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. 2: 116 (2020), nom. nov. superfl. for Mastostigma varians Stocks
= Glossonema arabicum Deflers; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 43: 110 (1896)
= Glossonema edule N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 183 (1895)
= Glossonema haussknechtii Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 61B: 80 (1941), nom. inval.
= Glossonema varians (Stocks) Benth. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 4: 16 (1883)
= Mastostigma varians Stocks; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 9: t. 863 (1852)
= Odontanthera varians (Stocks) Mabb.; Manilal, Bot. Hist. Hortus Malabaricus: 89 (1980)
species :
Cynanchum verrucosum
(Desc.) Liede & Meve; Adansonia ser. 3, 23(2): 351 (2001)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Conservation Status: IUCN E
Synonyms: hidden
= Karimbolea verrucosa Desc.; Cactus, Paris 15: Nos. 68-69, 78 (1960)
species :
Cynanchum viminale
(L.) L.; Mant. 2: 392 (1771)
subspecies :
subsp. viminale
Distribution: Ethiopia; Soqotra; Kenya; Angola; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Asuncio Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl.); China (S-Guangdong, Hainan); Pakistan (Karachi, Sind); India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Myanmar (Magway); Thailand; Vietnam
24 ETH SOC 25 KEN 26 ANG 27 LES SAF SWZ 29 ALD COM MDG 36 CHI 40 IND PAK 41 MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Apocynum viminale Bassi ex Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 6: 113 (1820), nom. inval.
= Asclepias aphylla (L.) Thunb.; Prod. Pl. Cap. 47 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Cynanchum aphyllum (Schult.) Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 141 (1913), nom. illeg.
= Cynanchum aphyllum L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 3(App.): 235 (1768), nom. superfl.
= Decanemopsis aphylla Costantin & Gallaud; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. 12: 418 (1906)
= Euphorbia viminalis L.; Sp. Pl. 452 (1753)
= Monostemma aphyllum (Schult.) Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21(I): 255 (1848)
= Sarcostemma aphyllum Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 6: 116 (1820)
= Sarcostemma madagascariense Desc.; Adansonia n. s. 1: 314 (1962)
= Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 464 (1810)
subspecies :
subsp. australe
(R.Br.) Meve & Liede; Kew Bull. 67(4): 754 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma australe R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 463 (1810)
= Sarcostemma viminale subsp. australe (R.Br.) P.I.Forst.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 5: 64 (1992)
subspecies :
subsp. brunonianum
(Wight & Arn.) Meve & Liede; Kew Bull. 67(4): 754 (2012)
Distribution: S-China; India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Myanmar (Magway, Mandalay); Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl.); Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Panay); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales); New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Isl., Ile des Pins)
36 CHI 40 IND SRL 41 MYA THA 42 MLY PHI PLW 50 AUS 60 NWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma brunonianum Wight & Arn.; Wight, Contr. Bot. India: 59 (1834)
= Sarcostemma viminale subsp. brunonianum (Wight & Arn.) P.I.Forst.; Austr. Syst. Bot. 5(1): 63 (1992)
subspecies :
subsp. crassicaule
Liede & Meve; Novon 15(2): 320 (2005)
Distribution: Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
24 SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA
subspecies :
subsp. odontolepis
(Balf.f.) Goyder; Kew Bull. 63(3): 471 (2009)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya; Mauritius; Rodrigues
24 ETH 25 KEN 29 MAU ROD
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma odontolepis Balf.f.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 17 (1877)
= Sarcostemma viminale subsp. odontolepis (Balf.f.) Meve & Liede; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 120(1): 31 (1996)
subspecies :
subsp. orangeanum
(Liede & Meve) Liede & Meve; Kew Bull. 67(4): 754 (2012)
Distribution: South Africa (Free State, N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma viminale subsp. orangeanum Liede & Meve; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 112(1): 7 (1993)
subspecies :
subsp. stipitaceum
(Forssk.) Meve & Liede; Novon 15(2): 323 (2005)
Distribution: Burkina Faso; Benin; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Saudi Arabia; Oman; Yemen (W-Yemen, Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Hadhramaut)
22 BEN BKN 24 DJI ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN 35 OMA SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias stipitacea Forssk.; Fl. Aeg.-Arab. 50 (1775)
= Sarcostemma andongense Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: 689 (1898)
= Sarcostemma stipitaceum (Forssk.) R.Br.; Mém. Wern. Soc. 1: 50 (1809)
= Sarcostemma stipitaceum (Forssk.) Schult.; Syst. 6: 116 (1820), isonym
= Sarcostemma viminale subsp. stipitaceum (Forssk.) Meve & Liede; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 120(1): 32 (1996)
subspecies :
subsp. stocksii
(Hook.f.) Meve & Liede; Kew Bull. 67(4): 754 (2012)
Distribution: India (Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma stocksii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 27 (1883)
= Sarcostemma viminale subsp. stocksii (Hook.f.) Ali; Fl. Pakistan, 150: 31 (1983)
subspecies :
subsp. suberosum
(Meve & Liede) Goyder; Kew Bull. 63(3): 472 (2009)
Distribution: Equatorial Guinea; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo)
23 EQG 24 ERI ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias nuda Thonn. & Schumach.; Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 155 (1827)
= Cynanchum tetrapterum (Turcz.) R.A.Dyer ex Bullock; Kew Bull. 10: 624 (1955 publ. 1956)
= Cynanchum viminale subsp. suberosum (Meve & Liede) Malaisse; Fl. Upper Katanga Copperbelt 119 (2016), isonym
= Euphorbia fleckii Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 738 (1898) (Euphorbiaceae)
= Monostemma tetrapterum Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21(I): 255 (1848)
= Sarcostemma nudum (Thonn. & Schum.) C.Sm. ex Decne.; Hook. Niger Fl. 149 (1849)
= Sarcostemma tetrapterum Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21(I): 255 (1848)
= Sarcostemma viminale subsp. suberosum Meve & Liede; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 120(1): 35 (1996)
subspecies :
subsp. thunbergii
(G.Don) Liede & Meve; Kew Bull. 67(4): 754 (2012)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma thunbergii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 156 (1837)
= Sarcostemma viminale subsp. thunbergii (G.Don) Liede & Meve; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 112(1): 10 (1993)
subspecies :
subsp. welwitschii
(Hiern) Liede & Meve; Kew Bull. 67(4): 754 (2012)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcostemma welwitschii Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: 689 (1898)
species :
Cynanchum violator
R.W.Holm; Fieldiana, Bot. 28: No. 3, 509 (1953)
Distribution: Venezuela (Tachira)
82 VEN
species :
Cynanchum virens
(E.Mey.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. 2: 995 (1840)
Distribution: South Africa (North-West Prov., Gauteng, Free State, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoctonum virens E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 216 (1838)
= Endotropis meyeri Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 546 (1844)
= Vincetoxicum virens (E.Mey.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum wallichii
Wight; Contrib. Bot. India 56 (1834)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram); Bangladesh; Myanmar
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 MYA
Remarks: Sect. Rhodostegiella
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyathella wallichii (Wight) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(6): 465 (1990)
= Cynoctonum wallichii (Wight) Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 528 (1844)
= Vincetoxicum wallichii (Wight) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 425 (1891)
species :
Cynanchum warburgii
Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Nov. Sp. 3: 306 (1907)
Distribution: Moluccas; New Guinea
42 MOL NWG
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Cynanchum wilfordii
(Maxim.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 4: 25 (1883)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum wilfordi Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 25, in nota. (1883)
= Seutera wilfordii (Maxim.) Pobed.; Kom., Fl. URSS 18: 713 (1952)
= Cynoctonum wilfordii Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9: 799 (1876)
= Vincetoxicum wilfordii (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 445 (1877)
species :
Cynanchum zeyheri
Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: Beibl. n. 51 (1895) 3
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Conservation Status: IUCN V
