In recent decades, the concept of sustainability has gained significant popularity, with a great emphasis on revalorizing agro-byproducts as potential sources of bioactive compounds. Radish and turnip are economically significant crops that are widely produced across the world for direct consumption or oil and condiment production. Additionally, they are also frequently used in traditional medicine to cure bacterial infections, becoming a potential source of antimicrobial and antivirulence agents to combat microbial resistance. Here, a comprehensive metabolite fingerprinting was adopted to characterize the leaves and roots of three varieties of radish (Daikon, white icicle, and red radish) and turnip concerning their antibacterial and antivirulence activities. A total of 120 metabolites from various classes were annotated using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) and molecular networking. Multivariate data analysis revealed that metabolites distribution and abundance differed between samples, with glucosinolates, flavonoids, phenolic, and fatty acids being the most significantly differential metabolites. Whereas daikon and turnip leaves were enriched in flavonoids and glucosinolates, red radish and turnip leaves were high in phenolic acids, and red radish roots were high in fatty acids. All extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Daikon and turnip leaves prevented biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae by 99.7 % and 74.2 %, respectively, whereas white icicle, turnip, and daikon roots inhibited biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa by 69.7 %, 67.0 %, and 62.2 %, respectively. The roots of white icicle and red radish reduced P. aeruginosa swarming motility by 83.1 % and 83.3 %, respectively, whereas the roots of white icicle, daikon, and red radish reduced its swimming motility by 84.4 %, 82.5 %, and 82.4 %, respectively. Additionally, the leaves of white icicle radish inhibited pyocyanin production in P. aeruginosa by 76.8 %. Pearson's correlation analyses revealed that the bioactivities were linked to various phenolic and sulfur compounds. The current study is the first to combine metabolomics, molecular networking, and chemometrics approaches to unveil metabolome heterogeneity among radish and turnip leaves and roots, which could be derived from agro-byproducts to revalorize while validating their potential as promising sources of antivirulence phytochemicals.

近几十年来，可持续发展的概念越来越受欢迎，重点是重新评估农副产品作为生物活性化合物的潜在来源。萝卜和萝卜是具有重要经济意义的作物，在世界各地广泛生产，用于直接消费或生产石油和调味品。此外，它们还经常用于传统医学中治疗细菌感染，成为对抗微生物耐药性的抗菌剂和抗毒剂的潜在来源。这里，采用综合代谢物指纹图谱来表征三种萝卜（白萝卜、白冰柱和红萝卜）和萝卜的叶和根的抗菌和抗毒活性。使用液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱 (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) 和分子网络对来自不同类别的总共 120 种代谢物进行了注释。多变量数据分析显示，样品之间的代谢物分布和丰度存在差异，其中硫代葡萄糖苷、类黄酮、酚类和脂肪酸是差异最显着的代谢物。白萝卜和萝卜叶富含类黄酮和芥子油苷，红萝卜和萝卜叶富含酚酸，红萝卜根富含脂肪酸。所有提取物均对肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌表现出显着的抗菌活性。萝卜和萝卜叶分别阻止肺炎克雷伯菌生物膜形成 99.7% 和 74.2%，而白冰柱、萝卜和萝卜根分别抑制铜绿假单胞菌生物膜形成69.7%、67.0% 和 62.2%。白冰柱和红萝卜的根部分别使铜绿假单胞菌的游动活力降低了83.1%和83.3%，而白冰柱、白萝卜和红萝卜的根部则使铜绿假单胞菌的游动活力降低了84.4%、82.5%和82.4%。分别。此外，白冰柱萝卜叶可抑制铜绿假单胞菌中绿脓素的产生76.8%。皮尔逊的相关分析表明，生物活性与各种酚类和硫化合物有关。目前的研究首次将代谢组学、分子网络和化学计量学方法结合起来，揭示了萝卜和芜菁叶和根之间的代谢组异质性，这些异质性可以从农业副产品中提取，以重新评估其价值，同时验证它们作为抗毒植物化学物质的有前景的来源的潜力。