Studies on Norwegian Aphids - Norsk entomologisk forening

NORSK ENTOMOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFT 

Redaktor/Editor: LAURITZ SOMME, Statens plantevern, Zoologisk avdeling, Vollebekk. Red. 

sekretrerjEditorial Secretary: GUDMUND TAKSDAL, N orges La nd brukshogskole, Vollebekk. 

Red.komitejEditorial Board: BANS KAURJ, Zoologisk museum, Uni\'crsitetet i Bergen. Bergen. 

EIVIND 0STI3Y. Zoologisk laboratorium, Universitetet i Oslo. Oslo. 

Forlag;Publishers: UNIVERSITETS FOR LAG ET 

Postbox 307, Blindern, Oslo 3, Postgiro 15530, og/and P.O. Box I·e, Bc)swn 02113. \fass., USA 

NORSK ENTOMOLOGlSK TlDSSKRIFT utkommer med to hefter arlig. Abonnementsprisen er N. kr. 

20,- pr. ar. Ved adresseforandring husk a oppgi gammel adresse. Artikler som onskes trykt 

i tidsskriftet sendes redaktoren. Bidragsytere m,l folge anvisningen pa omslagets tredje side. 

NORSK ENTOMOLOGlSK TlDSSKRIFT appears in two issues per year. The subscription rate is N. 

kr. 20,- per year, US $ 3.50. Notice of change of address should be accompanied by the old 

address. Contributions should be sent to the Editor. Contributors are requested to follow the 

instructions on page 3 of the cover.

<strong>Studies</strong> on Norwegian Aphids (Horn., Aphidoidea) I 

The subfamily Dactynotinae B6rner 

HELENE TAMBS-LYCHE 1 

Zoological Museum, University of Bergen 

Abstract: TAMBs-LYCHE, HELENE. 1968. <strong>Studies</strong> on Norwegian Aphids (Horn., Aphidoidea) 1. The subfamily 

Dactynotinae Biirner. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15,1-17. 

The present paper is the first of a series which will give a survey of the Norwegian aphid fauna, based upon 

the author's own collections and information already published. It comprises the subfamily Dactynotinae 

Biirner, totalling 63 species, 20 of which are recorded for the first time from Norway in the present paper. 

The species new to Norway are the following: Aulacorthum cylactis Biirner. Aulacorthum palustre Hille 

Ris Lambers, Aulacorthum ru/um Hille Ris Lambers, Acyrthosiphon loti (Theobald), Subacyrthosiphon 

cryptobium Hille Ris Lambers, Metopolophium /risicum Hille Ris Lambers, Metopolophium tenerum 

Hille Ris Lambers, Cryptaphispoae (Hardy), Corylobium avellanae (Schrank), Macrosiphum weberiBiirner. 

AIacrosiphoniella tapuskae (Hottes and Frison), Macrosiphoniella usquertensis Hille Ris Lambers, 

DactYnotus cichorii (Koch), Dactynotus muralis (Buckton), Dactynotus obscurus (Koch), Dactynotus 

pilosellae Biirner, Dactynotus sonchi (Linne), Dactynotus tanaceti (Linne), Megourella purpurea Hille 

Ris Lambers, Megourella tribulis (Walker). Aulacorthum palustre and Cryptaphis poae are recorded for 

the first time from Scandinavia. 

INTRODUCTION 

The earliest records of aphids from Norway 

concern a few species mentioned by Str0m 

(1762) and Fabricius (1779). The identity of 

these species is, however, doubtful. The first 

and only somewhat comprehensive list of 

aphid species for the country was published by 

Siebke (1874). It lists 53 species, each of them 

referring to Kaltenbach's monography (1843). 

The identifications have not so far been revised, 

and in the following study they are referred 

to, when not specially mentioned, as 

identical with Kaltenbach's species. 

In his review of Zetterstedt's aphid species 

from Lapland Wahlgren (1939) discusses a few 

records from Norway, and other records are 

found in Theobald's (1926-29) work on British 

aphids. W. M. Sch0yen (1893-1913) and T. H. 

Sch0yen (1914-1941) give records of aphids occurring 

as pests on cultivated plants. The 

1 Present address: Malmmosevej 83a, Virum, 

Denmark. 

I-SOTSk ent. Tidsskr. 

present author (see references), Ossiannilsson 

(1962) Fjelddalen (1964) and Heikinheimo 

(1966) have all contributed to the knowledge 

of the Norwegian aphid fauna. 

The author started investigations on Norwegian 

aphids more than twenty years ago, 

and in the first instance studied aphids on potato 

plants (Tambs-Lyche 1950, 1957). During 

extensive travels in connexion with these collections 

several other species were also sampled. 

Collections of Norwegian aphids have been 

continued by travels in different parts of the 

country. Most of the collections, however, 

come from western Norway, particularly from 

the surroundings of Bergen and from Hardanger. 

During the years 1954-56 yellow traps 

(Moericke-traps) were used near Bergen, near 

Stavanger and at the Agricultural College at 

As near Oslo, and very extensive collections 

were made. They have been worked up and 

practically all species identified. A preliminary 

report has been published (Tambs-Lyche 

1956). The material could not, however, be

2 

o = 0stfold 

AK = Akershus (inc!. Oslo) 

HE = Hed11lark 

o = Opland 

B = Buskerl1ll 

VE = Vest{olc\ 

TE = Telcmark 

.\A = Anst-.\gcler 

VA = Vest-Agder 

[{ = [{ogalancl 

HO = Horclaland (inc!. Bcrgen) 

SF = Sogn og Fjorclane 

l\IH. = l\fore og I{omsclal 

ST Sor-Tronclelag 

KT K orcl-Tronclelag 

X X orcllamI 

TH. Trollls 

F == Finllmark 

H. TAMBS-LYCHE 

Fig. 1. Districts of Norway with explanation of the abbreviations used in the present paper. The districts are 

subdivided in zones: i (inner), y (outer), n (northern), s (southern), v (western) and o (eastern). From Strand (1943).

fully utilized unless the main features of the 

Norwegian aphid fauna were better known as 

a background. It was therefore decided to 

work up the author's main collection with the 

purpose of giving an overall survey of the 

fauna, before the ecological and biological results 

of the trap collections were discussed. 

The present paper is the first of a series 

which will give a survey of the Norwegian 

aphid fauna, based upon the author's own collections 

and such information as has already 

been published. It comprises the subfamily 

Dactynotinae Borner, 63 species in all, 20 of 

which are recorded for the first time from 

Norway in the present paper. 

The geographical distribution of the different 

species is mostly cited from Hille Ris 

Lambers (1938, 1939, 1947, 1949, 1953) and 

Borner (1952). In addition it has been mentioned 

if the species occurs in the nearest 

countries, e.g. Sweden (Ossiannilsson 1959), 

Denmark (Heie 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964a, 1967, 

Reitzel 1965), Finland (Heie & Heikinheimo 

1966, Heikinheimo 1944, 1963, Thuneberg 

1960, 1962, 1963, 1966), Iceland (Heie 1964b, 

Hille Ris Lambers 1955, Prior & Stroyan 

1960) and Great Britain (Kloet & Hincks 

1964), where such information may be of interest. 

In the locality lists the abbreviations for 

the different parts of the country refer to the 

map in Fig. 1. 

All finds recorded are by the author, when 

no other collector is mentioned. The author's 

collection will be deposited at the Zoological 

Museum, University of Bergen. 

LIST OF SPECIES 

Microlophium evansi (Theobald) 

Aulacorthum circumflexus (Buckton) 

'.' A. cylactis Borner 

** A. palustre Hille Ris Lambers 

* A. rufum HiIle Ris Lambers 

A. solani (Kaltenbach) 

Acyrthosiphon aurlandicus Heikinheimo 

A. caraganae (Cholodkovsky) 

STUDIES ON NORWEGIAN APHIDS 3 

A. auphorbia subsp. neerlandicus Hille Ris 

Lambers 

A. ignotus Mordvilko 

':+ A. loti (Theobald) 

A. malvae (Mosley) 

A. pisum (Harris) 

* Subacyrthosiphon cryptobium Hille Ris 

Lambers 

Matopolophium albidum Hille Ris Lambers 

M. dirhodum (Walker) 

M. fesucae (Theobald) 

.)f M. frisicum Hille Ris Lambers 

,};, M. tenerum Hille Ris Lambers 

** Cryptaphis poae (Hardy) 

* Corylobium avellanae (Scharnk) 

Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi Mordvilko 

M. daphnidis Borner 

M. euphorbiae (Thomas) 

M. gei (Koch) 

M. melampyri Mordvilko 

M. rosae (Linne) 

* M. weberi Borner 

(Sitobion) avenae (Fabricius) 

(Sitobion) fragariae (Walker) 

Macrosiphoniella absinthii (Linne) 

M. artemisiae (Boyer de Fonscolombe) 

M. chamomillae Hille Ris Lambers 

M. millefolii (de Geer) 

M.oblonga (Mordvilko) 

M. saborni (Gillette) 

M. sejuncta (Walker) 

M. tana[;etaria (Kaltenbach) 

" M. tapuskae (Hottes and Frison) 

* M. usquertensis Hille Ris Lambers 

Dactynotusa achilleae (Koch) 

* D. cichorii (Koch) 

* Dactynotus muralis (Buckton) 

* D. obscurus (Koch) 

.)f D.pilosellae Borner 

.)f D. sonchi (Linne) 

." D. tanaceti (Linne) 

D. tussilaginis (Walker) 

(Uromelan) aeneus Hille Ris Lambers 

(Uromelan) campanulae (Kaltenbach) 

(Uromelan) jacea (Linne) 

(Uromelan) similis Hille Ris Lambers

cimum myrtillus 24. VI 1953, Titlestad on 

Vaccinium myrtillus 5. X 1963 (oviparae, 

alate &). 

The species was found as a single aptera on 

Vaccinium myrtillus on Nordre Eggholmen, 

Fana. At Venabu, Ringebu, one single oviparous 

female was found by thrashing a mixed 

vegetation consisting of Empetrum sp., Vaccinium 

myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea. At Titlestad, 

Fana, one oviparous female, one immature 

ovipara and one alate male were found. The 

oviparous female was light dirty reddish, a 

little greenish just around the siphunculi, and 

the alate male was greenish of colour. 

Geographical distribution: Netherlands, Germany, 

Great Britain, Sweden. 

Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach 1843) 

Tambs-Lyche (1950): Aulacorthum pseudosolani 

(Theobald). 

Records from potato and greenhouses were 

published by Tambs-Lyche (1950, 1957, 196\). 

Fjelddalen (1964) published records from 

greenhouses and from potato. Ossiannilsson 

(1962) recorded the species from B\1l: Drammen 

on Matricaria inodora. 

0: Hvaler: Reff on indoor pot plant 4. VII 

1953, Fredrikstad on Hibiscus (indoor) 3. IV 

1954. AK: As on Stachys paluster 2. VIII 1965 

(leg. Heikinheimo, in litt.) HOy: Fana: Stend 

on potato 24. VIII 1955 and on Calceolaria 

20. VIII 1955, Spikaren on Potentilla anserina 

16. VIII 1961. Lindas: Lygra on potato 14. VII 

1948. HOi: Kvinnherad: Sundevagen on Digitalis 

purpurea 9. VIII 1949. Fn: Nordkapp: 

Honningsvag on Achillea millefolium 24. VII 

1955 (leg. L. Cederholm). 

Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Vollebekk, 

Ry: Hetland: Forus, HOy: Fana: Stend. 

Geographical distribution: The species has a 

very wide distribution and may be regarded 

as cosmopolitan. 

ACYRTHOSIPHON Mordvilko 1914 

Acyrthosiphon aurlandicus Heikinheimo 1966. 

The species was described and published by 


Heikinheimo (1966) from SFi: Aurland. It IS 

not known from other localities. 

Acyrthosiphon caraganae (Cholodkovsky 1907). 

First published from Norway by Ossiannilsson 

(1962) from B\1l: Drammen. Fjelddalen 

(1964) published records from AK: As. 

Os: Nord-Aurdal: Valdres agric. school 

1. VIII 1945. B\1l: Modum: Buskerud agric. 

school 9. VIII 1945. Hoy: Bergen: Botanical 

garden 15. VI 1961. NTi: Skogn: Staup horticult. 

school 19. VII 1950. All finds on Caragana 

sp. At Staup horticultural school the species 

was also taken on Prunus cerasifolia (most 

likely an accidental host). 


Ry: Hetland: Forus. 

Geographical distribution: Russia, Poland, 

Germany, Netherlands, England, Sweden, 

Denmark, Finland. 

Acyrthosipholl euphorbiae Borner 1940, subspecies 

neerlandicus Hille Ris Lambers 1947. 

Published from Norway and for the first 

time from Scandinavia by Ossiannilsson (1962) 

from AK: Oslo. 

Geographical distribution: The species is 

known from the Netherlands. 

Acyrthosiphon ignotus Mordvilko 1914. 


(1962) from B\1l: Drammen. Fjelddalen 

(1964) published records from AAv: Herefoss 

and SFi: Balestrand. 

Geographical distribution: Northern Russia, 

Germany, Sweden, Denmark. 

Acyrthosiphon loti (Theobald 1912) 

Published here for the first time from Norway. 

HOy: Vikebygd: F\1lrde 12. VIII 1958, Fana: 

Biological Station 29. VII 1952, Nordre Eggholmen 

15. VI 1953, Sund: Tuss\1ly 24. VII 

1952. HOi: Kvinnherad: Gjermundshamn 

14. VIII 1958. All finds on Lotus corniculatus. 

Trappings in yellow trays: HOy: Fana: 

Biological Station and Stend.

6 H. TAMBS-LYCHE 

Geographical distribution: Great Britain, 

Netherlands, Germany, Sweden and Denmark. 

Acyrthosiphon malvae (Mosley 1841) sensu 

latiore. 

H. Siebke 1874: Aphis pelargonii Kaltenbach. 

First published from Norway by Siebke 

(1874) from AK: Oslo. Records published by 

Tambs-Lyche (1961) from 0: Fredrikstad 

(Acyrtho.l'iphon malvae s.s.), by Ossiannilsson 

(1962) from B0: Drammen, by Fjelddalen 

(1964) from 0: Fredrikstad and by Heikinheimo 

(1966) from SFi: Aurland. The subspecies 

geranii Kaltenbach was published by 

Tambs-Lyche (1961) from On: Vaga on Geranium 

sp. 

Trappings in yellow trays: HOy: Fana: Biological 

Station. 

Geographical distribution: Europe, USA. 

Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris 1776) 

Siebke (1874) records Aphis pisi Kaltenbach 

(mentioned by Fjelddalen 1964). Aphis 

pisi Kaltenbach is, however, only partly a 

synonym of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), 

and Siebke's record must refer to Macrosiphum 

cholodkovskyi (see page 7). This 

species is probably referred to as Macrosiphum 

pisi in the State Entomologists' Annual Report 

in 1926. (T. H. Sch0yen 1922-1941.) The species 

is recorded by Tambs-Lyche (1961), by 

Ossiannilsson (1962), by Fjelddalen (1964) and 

by Heikinheimo (1966). 

Os: Eina on Vicia sp. I.IX 1961 (ovipara). 

On: Vaga: Vagamo on Vicia cracca 11. VII 

1953. B0: Modum: Buskerud agric. school on 

Pisum sativum 9. VIII 1945. 0vre Eiker: Sem 

on Vicia cracca 8. VIII 1945. Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad 

on Matricaria inodora 30. VIII 1955, 

Hetland: Forus on Trifolium hybridum 30. VIII 

1955. HOy: B0mlo: Espeva:r by thrashing 

mixed vegetation 12. VI II 1958, Stord: Degernessund 

on Lotus corniculatus 17. VII 1953, 

Austevoll: Ha:kjingen on Lotus corniculatus 

21. VIII 1953, Fana: Stend on Trifolium pratense 

and on Vicia cracca 26. VIII 1955, Bio- 

logical Station on Lotus corniculatus 6. VI 

1957, Sund: Tuss0y on Lotus corniculatus 

21. VIII 1953. HOi: Ulvik: Hjeltnes on Vicia 

sp. 15. VIII 1958. SFi: Stryn: Loen by sweeping 

grasses 2. VIII 1942 (leg. Nils Knaben). 


Ry: Hetland: Forus, HOy: Fana: Stend 

and Biological Station. 


distributed all over the world. 

SUBACYRTHOSIPHON Hille Ris Lambers 

1947 

Subacyrthosiphon cryptobium Hille Ris Lambers 

1947. 


AK: As: Vollebekk, trapped in yellow trays. 

According to Hille Ris Lambers the species 

lives on the older parts of the lying stems of 

Trifolium repens. I have not as yet found the 

species on its host plant in Norway. 

Geographical distribution: Netherlands, 

Great Britain, Sweden. 

METOPOLOPHIUM Mordvilko 1914 

Metopolophium albidum Hille Ris Lambers 

1947. 

First published by Tambs-Lyche (1957) from 

Nsy: Mosj0en and Try: Kva:fjord. 

HOy: Fana: Stend on unidentified grasses 

11. VI 1954, Store Milde on unidentified grasses 

28. V 1959. HOi: Eidfjord on Agrostis sp. 

15. VIII 1958. TRy: Troms0ysund: Holt on 

Achillea millefolium (probably accidentally). 


HOy: Fana: Biological Station. 


known from Netherlands, Germany, Great 

Britain and Sweden. 

Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker 1848). 

First published from Norway by Tambs 

Lyche (1957) from Nsy: Tj0tta and in 1961 

from Nnv: Vestedlen, by Ossiannilsson (1962) 

from B0: Drammen and YE. Str0mm, by

Fjelddalen (1964) from VE: Sem and Borre 

and Nnv: Hadsel. 

AK: As on Avena sativa 11. VIII 1965 (leg. 

Heikinheimo, in Iitt.). HOy: Vikebygd: F\1lrdespollen 

on Agrostis tenuis 12. VIII 1958, 

Tysnes: Anuglo on Rosa sp. 17. IX 1953. Fana: 

Biological Station on Rosa sp. 2. VI 1951 and 

23. IX 1961 and on Sorbus intermedia 23. IX 

1961. Nsy: Bodin: Vag\1lnes on Avena sativa 

2. VIII 1950. 


Ry: Hetland: Forus, HOy: Fana: Biological 

Station. 

Geographical distribution: Europe, North 

America. It is known from Sweden, Denmark, 

Finland, Iceland and Great Britain. 

Metopolophium festucae (Theobald 1917) 

First published from Norway by Heikinheimo 

(1966) from SFi: Aurland. 

Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad on Poa sp. 29. VIII 

1955. HOy: Fana: Biological Station on Juncw' 

effusus 6. VIII 1952 and on unidentified grasses 

5. VI 1961, Stend on Achillea millefolium 

(accidentally) 26. VIII 1955 and on unidentified 

grasses 29. VI 1954, Radal on Luzula silvatica 

15. VI 1954. 

Trappings in yellow trays: Ry: Hetland: 

Forus, HOy: Fana: Stend and Biological Station. 


Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, 

Finland, Iceland. 

Metopolophium frisicum Hille Ris Lambers 

1947. 


HOy: Fana: Biological Station on unidentified 

grasses 5. VI 1961, Radal on Frageria 

vesca 8. VI 1954. 

Trappings in yellow trays: HOy: Fana: 

Stend and Biological Station. 


Great Britain, Germany, Sweden. 

Metopolophium tenerum Hille Ris Lambers 

1947. 



Ry: Hetland: Forus by thrashing of grasses 

22. VIII 1956. HOy: Fana: Biological Station 

by thrashing of grasses 5. VI 1961, Festevik by 

thrashing of grasses 21. VI 1959, Radal on 

Deschampsia flexuosa 8. VI 1958. 


Great Britain, Germany, Sweden. 

CRYPTAPHIS Hille Ris Lambers 1947 

Cryptaphis poae (Hardy 1850) 

(= C. setiger Hille Ris Lambers 1947) 

Published here for the first time from Scandinavia. 

HOy: Fana: Stend trapped in yellow trays. 

I have not as yet found the species on its 

host plants, which according to HiIle Ris Lambers 

are Festuca ovina and Holcus mollis. 


Great Britain. 

CORYLOBIUM Mordvilko 1914 

Corylobium avellanae (Schrank 1801) 


HOy: Fana: L\1lnningehamn on Corylus ave/lana 

12. VIII 1961. 

The species was found as two apterae on 

the petioles of young shoots. One specimen 

was of a reddish brown colour, the other was 

green. 

Geographical distribution: Europe. It is 

known from Sweden, Denmark, Finland and 


MACROSIPHUM Passerini 1860 

Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi Mordvilko 1909. 

H. Siebke 1874: Aphis pisi Kaltenbach 

First recorded from Norway by Siebke 

(1874). According to Hille Ris Lambers (1939) 

Kaltenbach's Aphis pisi is partly synonymous 

with Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi Mordvilko. 

As Siebke's record is from Spiraea ulmaria 

(= Filipendula ulmaria) it seems reasonable to 

record his find under this species.


VE: Tj0;ne: Kolabekk (host not noted) 

1. VIII 1944. Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad on Sanguisorba 

officinalis 27. VIII 1956. Hay: Fana: 

Fj0sanger 18. VI 1944, Eggholmen 15. VI 1953, 

Kuholmen. 7. VI 1954 and Festevik 21. VI 1959, 

all finds on Filipendula ulmaria. HOi: Kvinnherad: 

Bjellandshamn on Filipendula ulmaria 

13. VII 1949. Nsi: Saltdal: Drageid on Filipendula 

ulmaria. 

Geographical distribution: Europe, Western 

Asia. 

Macrosiphum daphnidis Borner 1940 

Published from Norway by Ossiannilsson 

(1962) from AK: Oslo. 

Geographical distribution: Germany, Great 

Britain, Sweden, Denmark, Finland. 

Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas 1878) 


Lyche (1950). Finds on potato and in greenhouses 

were published by Tambs-Lyche (1950, 

1957). Fjelddalen (1964) published finds from 

potato and greenhouses. 

AK: Oslo on Senecio vulgaris VIII 1949 

(sample sent to the author from the Norwegian 

Plant Protection Institute). B0: 0vre Eiker: 

Haug on Rosa sp. 8. VIII 1945. Ry: Klepp: 

0ksnevad on potato 28. VIII 1955. Hetland: 

Forus on potato 26. VIII 1955. Hay: Tysnes: 

Anuglo (host not noted) 17. IX 1953. Fana: 

Nordre Eggholmen on Valeriana officinalis 

8. VIII 1952 and by thrashing mixed vegetation 

11. VIII 1954, Biological Station on Epilobium 

montanum and on Rubus idaeus 29. VII 

1952, Osp0ya on Valeriana officinalis 28. VII 

1952, Spikaren on Galium sp. 16. VIII 1961, 

Bergen: Bergen on Freesia (cut flowers) 21. 11 

1951 and on Streptocarpus (pot plant indoor) 

12. XI 1955. Nnv: Hadsel: Stokmarknes on 

Anemone sp. and Rosa sp. in greenhouse 

15. VII 1950. 


Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad, Hetland: Forus, 

Hay: Fana: Biological Station. 

Geographical distribution: Widely distributed, 

probably holarctic. 

Macrosiphum gei (Koch 1855) 

First published by Ossiannilsson (1962) from 

AK: Oslo. 

Hay: Fana: Adlandsvannet by thrashing 

mixed vegetation 5. IX 1955, Osp0ya by thrashing 

Vaccinium myrtillus 28. VII 1953. 


Hay: Fana: Biological Station. 

Geographical distribution: Europe. It occurs 

in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland and 


Macrosiphum melampyri Mordvilko 1919. 

Published from Norway by Ossiannilsson 

(1962) from B0. The author has not so far 

found the species. 

Geographical distribution: Russia, Germany, 

Sweden. 

Macrosiphum rosae (Linne 1758) 

H. Siebke 1874: Aphis rosae Linne. 


(1874) from AK: Oslo. Records published by 

Tambs-Lyche (1961), by Ossiannilsson (1962), 

Fjelddalen (1964) and Heikinheimo (1966). 

0: Hvaler: B01ingshamn on Rosa sp. 24. VII 

1947. AK: Ullensaker: Jessheim on Knautia arvensis 

18. VII 1945. Os: Nord-Aurdal: Valdres 

agric. school on Potentilla sp. 1. VIII 1945. 

On: Vigi: Vigamo on Leontodon autumnalis 

11. VII 1953. B0: Drammen: Bragernesasen on 

Rosa sp. 9. VIII 1944, Modum: Buskerud 

agric. school on Rosa sp. 9. VIII 1945, 0vre 

Eiker: Haug on Rosa sp. 8. VIII 1945, Rustaden 

on Rosa sp. 12. VIII 1945, 0vre Sandsv

sp. 15. X 1961 (oviparae), Kviturdsvikpollen on 

Valeriana sp. 9. VII 1954, Biological Station on 

Galeopsis bifida (accidentally) 29. VII 1952, 

Bergen: Botanical garden on Cephalaria tatarica 

15. VI 1961. SFi: Luster: Skjolden on 

Knautia arvensis 13. VII 1953. NTi: Skogn: 

Staup horticult. school on Potentilla fruticosa 

10. VII 1950. Nsy: Tj0tta on Rosa sp. 3. VIII 

1950. Nsi: Saltdal: Drageid on Rosa sp. 12. VII 

1950. TRy: Kvrefjord: Torheim on potato 

17. VII 1950. 


HOy: Fana: Stend and Biological Station. 

Geographical distribution: All over the 

world. 

Maerosiphum weberi Borner 1933. 


HOy: Fana: Flesland on Succisa pratensis 

11. VII 1954. 

The aphids were found on the underside of 

the leaves of the host plant. The plant grew in 

a very wet place, on the marshy border of a 

little lake. The small colony of viviparous 

apterous females and larvae were almost down 

in the water. The apterae were very dark 

purplish-brown, the larvae were greyish-violet 

in colour. Dr. H. L. G. Stroyan has kindly confirmed 

the identification. 


Britain, Sweden, Finland. 

Subgenus SITOBION Mordvilko 1914 

Macrosiphum (Sifobion) avenae (Fabricius 

1775) 

H. Siebke 1874: Aphis cerealis Kaltenbach, 

Tambs-Lyche (1957, 1961): Sitobion avenae 

(Fabricius). 


(1874) from AK: Oslo. Since 1894 frequently 

mentioned in the State Entomologists' Annual 

Reports (W. M. Sch0yen 1893-1913, T. H. 

Sch0yen (1914-1941). The species was recorded 

by Tambs-Lyche (1957, 1961), by Ossiannilsson 

(1962) and by Fjelddalen (1964). 


0. Hvaler: Reff on }uncus bufonius 4. VII 

1953. AK: As: Vollebekk on Capsella bursa 

pastoris 3. IX 1956. B0: Modum: Buskerud 

agric. school on Triticum vulgare and A vena 

sativa 9. VIII 1945. Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad on 

Avena sativa 29. VIII 1955, Hetland: Forus on 

Agropyron repens 30. VIII 1955. HOy: Fana: 

Paradis-Natland on unidentified grasses 

25. VIII 1947, Biological Station on Vaccinium 

uliginosum 8. IX 1952, on Cerastium arvense 

11. VIII 1956, on Vicia sepium 1. VIII 1961, 

Nordre Eggholmen on Holcus lanatus 7. VIII 

1952 and on }uncus articulatus 7. IX 1952, Radal 

on Salix sp. 15. VI 1954, Milde (host unknown) 

13. VIllI 1956, Stend on unidentified 

grasses 12. VIII 1961. HOi: Kvinnherad: Vage, 

Sunde on F estuca sp. 12. VII 1949, UlIensvang: 

Aga on Achillea millefolium 15. VIII 

1958, Ulvik: Hjeltnes on Pofentilla erecta 

15. VIII 1958. TRi: S0rreisa on unidentified 

grass 24. VII 1950. 





distributed all over the world. 

Macrosiphunl (Sifobion) fragariae (Walker 

1848) 

First published from Norway by Heikinheimo 

(1966) from SFi: Aurland. 

HOy: Fana: Biological Station on Dactylis 

glomerata 5. VIII 1952 and 7. VI 1954, on 

}uncus eiiusus 6. VIII 1952, on Campanula 

rotundifolia 15. VIII 1961, on Geranium robertianum 

1. VIII 1961 and on Rosa sp. 23. IX 

1961, Festevik on unidentified grass 21. VI 

1959, L0nningehamn on Rosa sp. 7. X 1961, 

Spikaren on Pofenfilla anserina 16. VIII 1961. 

HOi: Kvinnherad: Bjellandshamn on Festuca 

sp. and on Phragmites communis 13. VII 1949, 

Rosendal by sweeping a Hordeum-field 

10. VIII 1943, Ullensvang: Aga on unidentified 

grass 14. VIII 1958. 


HOy: Fana: Biological Station.



Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, 

Finland. 

MACROSIPHONIELLA del Guercio 1911 

Macrosiphoniella absinthii (Linne 1758) 


(1962) from VE: Strlllmm. 

0: Hvaler: Botne on Artemisia sp. 12. VII 

1947. 

Geographical distribution: Europe, Siberia. 

The species is known from Sweden and Finland. 

Macrosiphoniella artemisiae (Boyer de Fonscolombe 

1841) 


(1962) from Bill: Drammen and VE: 

Strlllmm. Heikinheimo (1966) recorded the species 

from SFi: Aurland. 

VAy: Mandal on Artemisia vulgaris 25. VII 

1963. 

Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Vollebekk. 

Geographical distribution: Europe, Siberia. 

The species is known from Sweden, Denmark, 

Finland and Great Britain. 

Macrosiphoniella chamomillae Hille Ris Lambers 

1947. 

First published from Norway by Ossianni1sson 

(1962) from Bill: Drammen. 

AK: As: Vollebekk on Matricaria inodora 

12. IX 1955 (ovipara). 


France, Great Britain, Sweden. 

Macrosiphoniella millefolii (de Geer 1773) 

H. Siebke 1874: Aphis millefolii Fabricius. 


(1874) from AK: Oslo. Heikinheimo (1966) 

records the species from SFi: Aurland. 

0: Hvaler: Bllllingshamn 24. VII 1947 and 

near Hvaler church 6. VIII 1947 both localities 

on Achillea millefolium. Os: Fluberg: Karlsborg 

on Achillea millefolium 2. VIII 1945. On: 

Vaga: Viigiimo on Plantago lanceolata 11. VII 

1953. VE: Brunlanes: Klever on Achillea mUlefolium 

29. VIII 1944. Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad 

on Achillea millefolium 29. VIII 1955 (alate 

is). Hay: Fana: Biological Station on Achillea 

millefolium 29. VII 1952 and on Achillea ptarmica 

5. VIII 1952, Stend on Achillea millefolium 

26. VIII 1955 (alate is). Lindas: Lygra on 

Achillea millefolium 14. VII 1948. Nsy: Tjllltta 

3. VIII 1950 and Bodin: Nordland agric. school 

2. VIII 1950 both localities on Achillea millefolium. 

Nsi: Mosjlllen on Tanacetum vulgare 

4. VIII 1950. TRy: Tromslllysund: Holt on 

Achillea millefolium 28. VII 1950. 


Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad, Hay: Fana: 

Stend and Biological Station. 

Geographical distribution: Europe. 

Macrosiphoniella oblonga (Mordvilko 1901) 


(1962) from Bill: Drammen and YE: 

Strlllmm. Heikinheimo (1966) recorded the species 

from SFi: Aurland. I have not as yet found 

the species on its host plants in Norway. 

AK: As: Vollebekk trapped in yellow trays. 

Geographical distribution: Europe. It is recorded 

from Sweden, Denmark, Finland and 


Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette 1908) 


Lyche (1950), from greenhouses in AK: Asker 

and Hay: Fana. Fje1ddalen (1964) gives records 

from Os: Gj0Vik and Lillehammer, Ry: 

Stavanger and Fi: Alta. 


cosmopolitan. 

Macrosiphoniella sejuncta (Walker 1948) 


(1962) from Bill: Drammen. 

Bv: Hol: Geilo 23. VIII 1963. Ry: K1epp: 

0ksnevad 16. VII 1958. Hay: Fana: Stend 

26. VIII 1955. All finds on Achillea millefolium.

Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As:· Vollebekk 

and Ry: Hetland: Forus. 


Netherlands, Germany, France, Sweden, Denmark 

and Finland. 

Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria (Kaltenbach 

1843) 

H. Siebke 1874: Aphis tanacetaria Kaltenbach. 


(1874) from AK: Oslo on Tanacetum vulgare. 

Ossiannilsson (1962) published records from 

Bq,: Drammen. 

AK: As: Vollebekk on Matricaria inodora 

12. IX 1955 (oviparae) and 3. IX 1956 (alate 

SS). Os: Brandbu: Tingelstad on Matricaria 

inodora 3. VIII 1945. On: Vaga: Vagamo on 

Tanacetum vulgare 11. VIII 1953. YE: Larvik 

on Tanacetum vulgare 28. VII 1944. HOi: Eidfjord 

on Tanacetum vulgare 15. VIII 1958. 



The finds from Vollebekk, As, of sexual 

forms on Matricaria inodora in two successive 

years seem to indicate that this plant can serve 

as winter-host in Norway. Dr Hille Ris Lambers 

has kindly confirmed the identifications. 

Geographical distribution: Europe, America. 

The species is known from Sweden, Denmark, 

Finland and Great Britain. 

Macrosiphoniella tapuskae (Hottes and Frison 

1931) 


Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad on Achillea millefolium 

29. VIII 1955 and 22. VIII 1956. 


Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad. 

Geographical distrihution: USA, Netherlands, 

Germany, Sweden, Finland. 

Macrosiphoniella usquertensis Hille Ris Lambers 

1935. 


HOy: Bq,mlo: Espevaer on Achillea millefolium 

12. VIII 1958. 




Great Britain, Germany, France, Sweden, Denmark, 

Finland (Heikinheimo in litt.). 

DACTYNOTUS Rafinesque 1818 1 

Dactynotus achilleae (Koch 1855) 


(1962) from VE: Stromm. 

Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad 29. VIII 1955, Hetland: 

Forus 30. VIII 1955. Both localities on 

Achillea millefolium. HOy: Fana: Biological 

Station by thrashing mixed vegetation 11. VIII 

1956. 

Trapping in yellow trays: AK: As: Vollebekk, 


Geographical distribution: Germany, 

Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, France, 

Sweden, Denmark, Finland. 

Dactynotus cichorii (Koch 1855) 


On: Vaga: Vagamo on Leontodon autumnalis 

11. VIII 1953. HOy: Bq,mlo: Espevaer on 

Leontodon autumnalis 12. VIII 1958, Fana: 

Stend on Hypochoeris radicata 6. VII 1954 

(leg. Byrkjeland), Biological Station on Leontodon 

autumnalis 9. VIII 1955 and on Hypochoeris 

radicata 13. VIII 1956 (alate S), Herdla: 

Turq,y on Hypochoeris radicata 9. VII 1954. 



Geographical distribution: Germany, 

Netherlands, Great Britain, Italy, Denmark, 

Sweden, Finland. 

Note: Fabricius (1779) in his 'Reise nach 

Norwegen' gave a description of a species 

which he called Aphis hypochoeridis found on 

Hypochoeris radicata in AK: Skedsmo. His 

description reads as follows: - Corpus mag- 

1) The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 

has recently suppressed Rafinesque's 

names (1818), and the genus in question will be called 

Uroleucon Mordvilko 1914.


se!. Ossiannilsson (1962) records the species 

from VE: Stn'lmm. 

HOi: Ullensvang: Opedal on Taraxacum sp. 

(leg. Lundetne) 3. VI 1953. 




This species was very commonly found in 

the traps. I have, however, never found it myself 

on the host plant in Norway. The abovecited 

record was a sample sent to me for 

identification. The Taraxacum-plants were said 

to be strongly attacked with dense colonies on 

the stems. 

Geographical distribution: Europe, North 

America. The species is known from Sweden, 

Denmark, Finland and Great Britain. 

METOPEURUM Mordvilko 1914 

Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan 1950. 

(= Pharalis tanaceti (Linne) sensu Hille Ris 

Lambers 1939.) H. Siebke 1874: Aphis tanaceti 

Linne. 

As Siebke's aphids are not revised there is 

no certainty that the aphids he listed under 

Aphis tanaceti really belong to this species, but 

on the assumption that he had before him the 

species Kaltenbach called Aphis tanaceti, it 

should be placed here. He recorded the species 

from AK: Oslo. I have not as yet found the 

species on its host T anacetum vulgare. 

AK: As: Vollebekk, trapped in yellow trays. 

Geographical distribution: Europe. The species 

is known from Sweden, Denmark, Finland 

and Great Britain. 

AMPHOROPHORA Buckton 1876 

Amphorophora ampu[[ata Buckton 1876. 


(1962) from B0: Drammen. 

HOy: Fana: Espeland by sweeping mixed 

vegetation 14. IX 1952 (ovipara) (leg. N. Opheim). 

HOi: Kvam: Fyksesund on Dryopteris 

phegopteris 14. VIII 1958. 


Geographical distribution: Europe, USA. 

The species is known from Sweden, Finland, 

Great Britain and Denmark (Heie, in litt.). 

Amphorophora rubi (Kaltenbach 1843) 

Probably first recorded as Siphonophora 

rubi in 1927 in the State Entomologists' Annual 

Reports (T. H. Sch0yen 1922-1941). Other 

records by Ossiannilsson (1962), Fjelddalen 

(1964) and Heikinheimo (1966). 

HOy: Fana: Stend on Rubus idaeus 9. VII 

1954, Biological Station on Rubus idaeus 

12. VII 1957 and 26. IX 1958 (ovipara), Festevik 

on Rubus idaeus 21. VI 1959. HOi: Kvinnherad: 

Vage, Sunde 12. VII 1949 and Sundevagen 

9. VIII 1949 both localities on Rubus 

fruticosus, Eidfjord: L0kjafeti, Hardangervidda 

by thrashing Rubus chamaemorus 25. VIII 

1961, Voss: Mj0lfjell on Rubus chamaemorus 

21. VII 1953. TRi: Malselv: Malselv bridge on 

Rubus idaeus 23. VII 1950. Fi: Karasjok on 

Rubus chamaemorus 7. VII 1955. 

Geographical distribution: Europe, Western 

Asia and USA. 

DELPHINIOBIUM Mordvilko 1914 

Delphiniobium junackianum (Karsch 1878) 

Published from Norway by Tambs-Lyche 

(1961) (leg. Fjelddalen) and Fjelddalen (1964) 

from Ry: Stavanger. 


Britain, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden and Denmark. 

MEGOURA Buckton 1876 

Megoura viciae Buckton 1876. 

H. Siebke 1874: Aphis viciae Kaltenbach. 


(1874) from AK: Oslo. Tarnbs-Lyche published 

records (1957) from STi: Strinda and Ossiannilsson 

(1962) from B0. 

VAy: Spangereid: Ramsland on Vicia sp. 

25. VII 1963. Halse og Harkmark: Lande on


REFERENCES 

BORNER, C. (1952) Europae centralis Aphides. Mitt. 

Thuring. bot. Ges., Beiheft 3,1-454. 

FABRICIUS, J. C. (1779) Reise nach Norwegen. Hamburg. 

FJELDDALEN, J. (1964) Aphids recorded on cultivated 

plants in Norway 1946-62. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 12, 

259-295. 

HEIE, O. (1960) A list of Danish aphids. 1. Ent. Meddr. 

29, 193-211. 


31,77-96. 


31, 203-224. 

HEIE, O. (1964a) A list of Danish aphids. 4. Ent. Meddr. 

32,341-359. 

HEIE, O. (1964b) Aphids collected in Iceland in August 

1961. (Homoptera, Aphididae.) Ent. Meddr. 32, 

220-235. 

HElE, O. (1967) A list of Danish aphids. 5. Ent. Meddr. 

35, 125-141. 

HEIE, O. & HElKINHEIMO, O. (1966) Aphids collected in 

Finland during the 12th NJF Congress in 1963. 

Suom. hyont. Aikak. (Ann. Ent. Fenn.) 32, 113-127. 

HEIKINHEIMO, O. (1944) Fur die finnische Fauna 

neue Blattlause. (Horn., Aphidoidea) Suom. hyont. 

Aikak. (Ann. Ent. Fenn.) 10, 1-7. 

HEIKINHEIMO, O. (1963) Fur die finnische Fauna neue 

Blattliiuse (Horn., Aphidoidea). 11. Suom. hyont. 


HEIKINHEIMO, O. (1966) Aphids (Horn., Aphidoidea) 

caught in Norway SFi: Aurland under an excursion 

of the 13th Congress of Fennoscandian Entomologists, 

in August 14-16 1965. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 13, 

387-392. 

HILLE RIS LAMBERS, D. (1938) Contributions to a 

monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. I. Temminckia 

3, 1-44. 


monograph of the Aphidiae of Europe. 11. Temminckia 

4,1-134. 


monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. Ill. Temminckia 

7, 179-320. 


monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. IV. Temminckia 

8, 182-323. 


monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. V. Temminckia 

9, 1-176. 

HILLE RIS LAMBERS, D. (1955) Hemiptera 2. Aphididae. 

Zoology Iceland 3, 1-29. 

KALTENBACH, J. H. (1843) Monographie der Familien 

der Pflanzenliiuse (Phytophtires). 1. Teil. Die Blattund 

Erdliiuse (Aphidina et Hyponomeutus). Aachen. 

KLOET, G. S. & HINCKS, W. D. (1964) A check list of 

British insects. Vol. 11. London. 

OSSIANNILSSON, F. (1959) Contributions to the 

knowledge of Swedish aphids. 11. List of species with 

ecological notes. K. Lantbr. Hogsk. Ann. 25, 375-527. 

OSSIANNILSSON, F. (1962) Hemipterfynd i Norge 1960. 

Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 12,56-61. 

PRIOR, R. N. B. & STROYAN, H. L. G. (1960) On a new 

collection of aphids from Iceland. Ent. Meddr. 29, 

266-293. 

REITZEL, J. (1965) Nogle nye og sjreldne bladlusarter 

for den danske fauna. Mdnedsovers. PI. Sygd. 419, 

81-82. 

SCHOYEN, T. H. (1941-1921) Beretning om skadeinsekter 

og plantesygdomme i land- og havebruket 

Arsberetn. of! Foranst. Landbr. Frem. (1913-1920). 

SCHOYEN, T. H. (1922-1941) Melding om skadeinsekter 

i jord- og hagebruk. Arsberetn. of! Foranst. 

Landbr. Frem. (1920-1939). 

SCHOYEN, W. M. (1893-1912) Beretning om Skadeinsekter 

of Plantesygdomme i Land- og Havebruget. 

Arsberetn. off: Foranst. Landbr. Frem. (1892-1913). 

SIEBKE, H. (1874) Enumeratio Insectorum Norwegiorum. 

Fasc. I. Christiania. 

STRAND, A. (1943) Inndelingen av Norge til bruk ved 

faunistiske oppgaver. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 6, 208-224. 

STROM, H. (1762) Physisk og oeconomisk Beskrivelse 

over Sondmer. Soroe. 

TAMBS-LYCHE, H. (1950) Aphids on potato foliage in 

Norway. I. With a supplement on aphids in greenhouses. 

Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 8,17-46. 

TAMBS-LYCHE, H. (1955) Undersokelser over den 

norske bladlusfauna. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 9, 123-125. 

TAMBS-LYCHE, H. (1956) Kvantitative undersokelser 

over flyvende bladlus i Norge 1954-55. Nord. Jordbr. 

Forsk. 38, 462-463. 

TAMBS-LYCHE, H. (1957) Aphids on potato foliage in 

Norway. II. Investigations of potato fields in North 

Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 10,73-90. 

TAMBS-LYCHE, H. (1961) Noen norske bladlus (Hemiptera, 

Aphidae) vesentlig fra kulturplanter. Norsk ent. 

Tidsskr. 11,224-234. 

THEOBALD, V. F. (1926-1929) Aphididae of Great 

Britain. I-Ill. London. 

THUNEBERG, E. (1960) Beitriige zur Kenntnis der 

finnischen Blatt- und Schild-liiuse (Horn., Aphidoidea

et Coccoidea) sowie deren Parasiten. I. Suam. hyont. 



finnischen B1att- und Schild-liiuse (Horn., Aphidoidea 

et Coccoidea) sowie deren Parasiten. 11. Suam. 

hyont. Aikak. (Ann. Ent. Fenn.) 28, 40-43. 


finnischen B1attliiuse (Horn., Aphidoidea) sowie 

Received 14 February 1968 

2 - X ursk ent. Tidsskr. 


deren Parasiten. Ill. Suam. hyont. Aikak. (Ann. Ent. 

Fenn.) 29, 130-134. 


finnischen B1att- und Schild-liiuse (Horn., Aphiodidea 

et Coccoidea) sowie deren Parasiten. IV. Suam. 

hyont. Aikak. (Ann. Ent. Fenn.) 32, 153-158. 

WAHLGREN, E. (1939) Revision von Zetterstedt's 

lappliindischen Aphidina. Opusc. ent. 4, 1-9.

lI 

<strong>Studies</strong> on the Diptera Brachycera Fauna of 

the Sea Shores in North Norway 

RICHARD DAHL 

Per Eskilsgatan 28, Helsingborg, Sweden 

Abstract: DAHL, R. 1968. <strong>Studies</strong> on the Diptera Brachycera Fauna of the Sea Shores in North Norway. 

Narsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 19-27. 

This paper is based upon the results of an entomological journey in North Norway in 1956, during which 

315 species of Diptera Brachycera were collected. As the material comes mainly from sea shore localities, 

it is recorded with due regard to the ecological distribution of the most frequent species in the various 

distinct types of shore biotopes. A comparison of the ecological groups of Diptera Brachycera from North 

Norway and North America shows that of the 28 typical sea shore flies in North Norway, 17 are known 

from the coasts of North America. 

INTRODUCTION 

During a journey in northern Norway in June 

July 1956 I made intensive studies of Diptera 

Brachycera at different shore localities in 

North Norway, almost all of them on the Arctic 

Ocean shore. Almost all of the localities, 

in other words, are North of the Arctic Circle. 

The geographical divisions follow Strand (1943). 

DESCRIPTION OF THE BIO-r:0PES AND 

THEIR DIPTEROUS FAUNA 

With regard to degree of exposition to the sea, 

inclination, soil properties etc., the shore biotopes 

may be divided into different types, all 

being suitable for an ecological study. Where 

the rock ground is solid or splintered in big 

blocks at the shore, there is seldom sufficient 

organic material to establish the basis for a 

stable coenose of Diptera. Only the rock pool 

biotope has been studied on these shores. 

A much richer fauna is found on the shallow 

shores where the tide characterizes the coast 

and different types of organic material are 

deposited. Depending on its composition and 

the possible vegetation, three different biotopes 

have been studied: A. The most exposed where 

sand is the predominant component, the sand 

marsh, B. The more protected, consisting of 

mainly organic and more fine-grained material, 

the mud marsh, C. The most protected, 

often situated at a higher level with a vegetation, 

forming a more or less close vegetation, 

the grass marsh. Band C are often well established 

at the estuaries of larger rivers, where 

the supply of organic substrate is good. 

The exposed sand shore often has a mosaic 

from the dune heath vegetation at its higher 

levels. Therefore, attempts have been made to 

separate a dune heath biotope, which may be 

of interest with regard to the investigations 

made at the coasts of Finland (Krogerus 1932) 

and Sweden (Ard0 1957). 

On several coast localities the zone directly 

above the tidal zone is a ground with closed 

vegetation of grass and herbs. I have defined 

two biotopes in this upper zone: The grass 

meadow and the herb meadow, both being 

more or less exposed to grazing. The lastnamed 

biotope is distinguished from the other 

meadow type by a predominance of insectpollinated 

plants. 

Though the investigations were restricted to 

coastal localities, some inland biotopes have 

also been studied for comparison. Thus collecting 

of Diptera was made on several sandy

ufus and pauciflorus and Festuca rubra. Often 

Elymus and Honckenya form associations on 

dried parts of this shore type. 

Localities. Nsi. Mo i Rana; Saltdal; TRi. 

Gratangen; Fv. Langfjord; Fn. Lakselv; Varangerbotn; 

Smalfjord. 7 localities, 40 species, 

350 specimens, 

Most frequent species: 

6 localities: Scatella stagnalis, S. quadrisetosa. 

4 localities: Xiphandrium monotrichum, Hydrop}lOrus 

norvegicus, Themira putris. 

3 localities: Porphyros riparius, Hydrellia griseola, 

Scatophaga litorea, Collinellula lutosa. 

The dune heath 

On many shores dry sand forms an intermediate 

zone between the moist biotopes near 

sea level and the meadows which often constitute 

the highest parts of a shore profile. Often 

the vegetation of this zone is of a type suggesting 

comparison with its counterpart on the 

shores of southern Fennoscandia. From this 

point of view every locality with a closed vegetation 

of Elymus and Honckenya has been 

studied and is here referred to the dune heath 

biotope (Fig. 2), a term not quite corresponding 

to the more limited concept used by Ardl'J 

(1957). This is a consequence of the indistinct 

zonation of the localities in northern Norway 

compared with those in southern Sweden. On 

the localities here studied, the zone is broken 

up into several plant associations, separated by 

open sand, all forming a mosaic, such as associations 

of Festuca rubra and ovina, Poa 

pratensis, Astralagus alpinus, Lathyrus mariti· 

mus etc" alternating with the vegetation of 

Elymus and Honckenya. 

Localities. Nsi. Mo i Rana; TRi. Balsfjordbotn; 

Fn. Tana bru; Tanafjord; Tornvik; 

Vardl'J. 6 localities, 36 species, 146 specimens. 


2 localities: Hydrellia griseola, Scatella stagnalis, 

Nupedia dissecta, Acroptena nuda, 

Scatophaga litorea, S. stercoraria. 

Among the collected material the following 

species are mentioned by Ardl'J (1957) in his 

list of stenotope marine shore dune diptera in 

DIPTERA BRACHYCERA OF THE SEA SHORES 21 

southern Sweden: Helina protuberans, Delia 

quadripila, Thoracochaeta zosterae, Scatophaga 

litorea, Fucellia fucorum, Spilogona contractifrons 

(common at all moist places) and Paregie 

cinerella. 

The mud marsh 

The big content of organic material characterizing 

the mud marsh constitutes a biotope 

with a rich flora and fauna, among others 

Scirpus uniglumis, Carex heleonastes and canescens, 

and grasses such as Festuca rubra and 

Agrostis stolonifera. In some localities Primula 

sibirica is not rare. 

Localities. TRi. Gratangen; Sl'Jrkil; Balsfjordbotn; 

Fi. Altafjordbotn (two localities); Fn. 

Storfjord, Lakselv. 7 localities, 33 species, 367 

specimens. 


All localities: Scatella quadrisetosa. 

6 localities: Porphyros riparia. 

5 localities: Hydrophorus norvegicus. 

4 localities: Hydrophorus praecox, Hilara 

griseola, Hydrellia griseola. 

In this biotope, species with a high degree 

of constancy had a high abundance too, especially 

Scalella quadrisetosa. 

The grass marsh 

The grass-dominated lowlands (Fig. 3) appearing 

on sheltered coasts seem to be morphologically 

closely related to the south-western 

Swedish coast meadows. The salt water 

support, however, is more regular, the spring 

tide playing a particularly important role in 

this respect. Climatic conditions prevent any 

direct comparisons between these two types of 

coastal meadows. 

Localities. Mnl'J. Djupvik; Fn. Lakselv (two 

localities); Varangerbotn;' Smalfjord; Bjl'Jrnnes. 

6 localities, 48 species, 299 specimens. 


4 localities: Scellus spinimanus, Porphyros riparia. 

3 localities: Hygroceleuthus latipennis, Schoenomyza 

Worella, Scatophaga litorea, S. stercoraria, 

Parallelomma fuscipes.

22 R.DAHL 

Fig. 3. On sheltered low land coasts the grass marsh· 

with Sc:ellus spiniman/ls and Porphyrus riparia as the 

most interesting species· is the natural continuation 

at higher parts of the mud marsh, which has Scatella 

quadrisetosa as a very characteristic species in the 

diptera coenose. (Fn: Tanafjord) 

Ringdahl (1959) gives a list of flies from 

coastal meadows. An attempt at a comparison 

with his records gives the following results: 

A. Flies common in coastal meadows in 

both districts: Hygroceleuthus latipennis, Porphyros 

riparia, Scatophaga litorea, Scatella 

stagnalis. 

B. Flies common in my northern localities, 

not listed by Ringdahl: Scellus spinimanus, 

Scatella quadrisetosa, Parallelomma fuscipes. 

C. Flies common in the southern localities, 

not collected in this investigation: This applies 

to many flies e.g. the Nemotelus-specis. characteristic 

of many coastal meadows in the 

south and like other Stratiomyiids southern in 

distribution. 

The grass meadow 

The upper boundary of the true shore is 

often formed by grazing ground with a vegetation 

of Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, Aira 

caespitosa and Anthoxantemum odoratum. In 

addition, single herbs appear, such as Ranunculus-species, 

Trollius europaeus and Achillea 

millefolium. Thanks to the droppings of 

the grazing cattle, coprophilous Diptera have 

good life conditions. Of the investigated localities, 

two are situated outside any shore zonation. 

Localities. Nsi. Dunderland; Nn0. Djupvik; 

TRi. Gratangen (three localities); S0rkjos; 

Kvenangsbotn; Fn. Lakselv (two localities); 

Tanafjord; Adamsfjord. 11 localities, 118 species, 

281 specimens. 


6 localities: Melanostoma mellinum. 

5 localities: Melanostoma scalare, Lasiops nigritellus, 

H ilara intcrstilleta, H.maura, Bicellaria 

SIlbpilosa. 

4 localities: Fannia serena, Scatophaga suilla, 

Lasiops aculeipes, Cheilosia vernalis, Platychirus 

manicatus. 

3 localities: Hilara griseola, Rhamphomyia albissima, 

Lycia laeta, Lauxania cylindricarnis, 

Scatella stagnalis, Lasiops ateI', L.innocuus, 

Okeniella caudata, Microprosopa pallicauda, 

Scatophaga stercoraria, Sepsis flavimana, 

Nemapoda sp. (the three last-named 

being pronouncedly coprophilous). 

The herb meadow 

A distinction between the two meadow biotopes, 

the grass and the herb meadow, is na· 

turally debatable, especially since abiotic factors 

do not show any important differences. 

The main reason for this distinction is the 

vegetation, which in the herb meadow, in contrast 

to the grass meadow, is dominated by 

'insect-flowers', such as Solidago virgaurea, 

Ranunculus-species, Trollius europaeus, Saussurea 

alpina, Veronica longifolia and so on. 

Localities. Nsi. Mo i Rana (several localities); 

Nn0. R0svik; TRi. Gratangen (several localities); 

Ma1selv; TRy. Troms0; Sandbukt; Fn. 

Tana bru (several localities). 13 localities, 116 

species, 365 specimens. 

Most frequenting species: 

6 localities: Scatophaga suilla, Fannia serena. 

5 localities: Melanostoma mellinum. 

4 localities: Melanostoma sealare, Scatophaga 

stercoraria, Coelomyia spathulata. 

3 localities: Platychirus peltatus, Hilara maura,

24 R.DAHL 

Table I. Ecological grouping of the dipterous sea shore fauna based upon the values of constancy 

(%)* 

Dolichopodidae 

rock sand dune mud grass grass herb bog 

pool marsh heath marsh marsh meadow meadow meadow 

Dolichopus maculipennis 25 

D. stenhammari 25 

Hygroceleuthus latipennis 50 

Hydrophorus norvegicus 57 63 

H.praecox 50 

Sce/Ius spinimanus 66 

Porphyros riparia 43 75 66 

Xiphandrium monotrichum 57 

Empididae 

Empis borealis 33 

E.lucida 58 

Hi/ara griseola 50 38 

H. interstincta 50 42 

H. maura 57 63 38 

Rhamphomyia albissima 38 

R. obscura 50 

Syrphidae 

Chei/osia vernalis 50 

Platychirus manicatus 50 

P.peltatus 38 

Melanostoma mellinum 75 63 33 

M. scalare 63 50 

Neoacia dispar 25 

Sepsidae 

Nemopoda pectinulata 38 

Themira putris 57 

Spesis jlavimana 38 38 

Sciomyzidae 

Renocera striata 33 

*The number of samples in which a species has been found, divided by the total number of samples, multiplied by 

100 and expressed as a percentage.

Ephydridae 

DIPTERA BRACHYCERA OF THE SEA SHORES 25 

Table I. Continued 

rock sand dune mud grass grass herb bog 

pool marsh heath marsh marsh meadow meadow meadow 

Ephydra alandica 43 

Scatella quadrisetosa 86 100 

S. stagnalis 57 86 33 38 

Hydrellia griseola 57 43 33 50 

Sphaeroceridae 

Collinelluta lutosa 43 

Leptocera fontinalis 57 

Muscidae 

Lasiops ater 38 38 25 

L. aculeipes 50 

L. innocuus 38 

Fannia serena 50 75 

Coelomyia spathulata 50 

Lispocephala erythrocera 25 

Schoenomyza litorella 50 

Anthomyiidae 

Acroptena nuda 33 

Nupedia dissecta 33 25 

Scatophagidae 

Parallelomma fuscipes 50 

Okeniella caudata 38 25 

Microprosopa pallicauda 38 

Scatophagafurcata 25 

., S.litorea 43 33 50 

S.lutaria 38 

S. stercoraria 33 50 38 50 

S. suilla 50 75 

..

20 R.DAHL 

can be expanded to be applicable to the whole 

Diptera Brachycera coenoses as proved by the 

present investigations in North Norway. 

The distribution of the large Diptera Brachycera 

families on the different biotopes is very 

marked. In Table I the species of a high constancy 

listed above form a basis for an evaluation 

of ecological distribution. The Dolichopodids 

and Ephydrids dominate in the shore 

biotopes, especially in the marsh types; the 

Empidid.l' appear regularly in the grass meadow 

but are especially predominant in the bog 

meadow. The Syrphids are mainly confined to 

the grass and herb meadows, an ecological distribution 

that is also typical for the Muscids. 

The most eurytopic character, besides the 

Ephydrids Hydrellia griseola and Scatella stagnalis. 

is shown by the Scatophagids. 

There is a remarkable distinction between 

the herb and grass meadow biotopes on one 

hand and all the rest on the other, the former 

being inhabited by a very large number of 

species, 116-118, the latter by only 19-67 species. 

The most characteristic types of coastal 

biotopes, with their most prominent Diptera 

species, have been described. In comparison 

with South Scandinavia most species are in 

common. With regard to the composition of 

the coastal shore coenoses it is interesting to 

note how in these certain typical alpine species 

-often appearing in the bog meadow biotope 

-may be rather common, e.g. Dolichopus 

maculipennis. D .stenhammari, Hydrophorus 

pilipe.l'. Diaphoru.l' nigricans. and Spilogona 

arenosa. 

This is a distribution tendency that is known 

in many other animal and plant groups (Lindroth 

1931 p. 439), and can be explained by the 

similarities of some environmental factors 

within these separate biotopes, above all the 

dry substrate, a result either of sun exposition 

or of a high degree of salinity, or both. Of 

course, this tendency is most easy to study 

in localities situated at higher latitudes, where 

the shore biotopes are established in close connexion 

with alpine biotopes and not isolated by 

the ecological barrier formed by a forest zone. 

From Iceland Lindroth (1931) gives many examples, 

both among plants and among Coleoptera, 

and from the same island, Tuxen et al. 

(1954, p. 152) mention Fucomyia jrigida and 

Scatophaga villipes. both sea-shore species, as 

found on the central highland. 

SOME REMARKS ON THE 

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF 

THE SHORE SPECIES 

In my North Norwegian material of 315 species, 

112 species are so far recorded as American. 

Of the typical shore flies collected in 

North Norway, the following ones are also 

known from North America: 

Hydrodromia stagnalis 

Hilara bistriata 

Porphyros crassipes 

Scellus spinimanus 

T hemira putris 

Limosina crassimana 

Scatella paludum 

S. quadrisetosa 

Ephydra ripal'ia 

Pelina aenescens 

Trichopalpus punctipes 

Ceratinostoma ostiorum 

Scatophaga litorea 

Spilognna ael'ea 

S.arenosa 

Lispe tentaculata 

Fucellia jucorum 

Thus of 28 species recorded as typical sea 

shore flies in North Norway, 17 are also known 

from the coasts of North America. Of these, 

two species are only recorded from the most 

northern shores of the continents, Scatella 

quadri.l'etosa and Ceratinostoma ostiorum. The 

European species not known from North America 

have a more southern tendency in their 

distribution and most of them are boreal species 

with only few arctic localities. 

The majority of the typical sea shore species

have their distribution centre in the north of 

the Atlantic and neighbouring seas. As a matter 

of course this implies that the fauna of 

coast shore biotopes can be characterized as 

having one of the widest geographical distributions 

in the Arctic districts in comparison to 

the fauna of other biotopes. This fact can be 

a result of the distribution ecological factors 

favouring the dispersion of the shore species. 

But more probably this large distribution 

area is caused by the better possibilities of survival 

during the Ice Ages that marked the shore 

species. At any rate the climatic conditions 

were somewhat better in the ice-free coastal 

belts with their higher humidity and moderate 

temperature. The retreating sea uncovered new 

land on the continental shelves and new shore 

biotopes were formed with the variation of the 

ice masses. 

The composition of the diptera coenoses of 

the North Norwegian shore biotopes may be 

characterized as having two ongms, one 

formed by species invading the localities from 

distribution centres in more south-easterly 

parts of the Eur-Asiatic land mass, the other 

represented by species regarded as Wurmhibernating 

and colonizing these localities 

from any of the many refugial areas in the 

Arctic or Atlantic Oceans. Before a more valid 

decision can be made on which of these two 

groups a shore species belongs to, it will be 

necessary to get a better knowledge of the 

diptera fauna of other coast localities in the 

Arctic Ocean. 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

With some families I have had the help of 

specialists in the identification of the species. 

[ am very grateful to the following scientists 

for their kind help: Fil. mag. S. Gaunitz, Vlixjo 

(Syrphidae: Cheilosia, Chrysogaster, Melanostoma), 

Fil. lie, L Hedstrom, Uppsala (some 


DlPTERA BRACHYCERA OF THE SEA SHORES 27 

Dolichopodidae specimens), Fil. dr. W. Hellen, 

Helsingfors (Syrphidae: Cheilosia), Docent W. 

Hackman, Helsingfors (Sphaeroceridae: Limosina), 

Prof. M. Hennig, Stuttgart ISepsidae: 

1 specimen), Prof. H. Kauri, Bergen (Tabanidae), 

Prof. R. Tuomikoski, Helsingfors (Empididae: 

Bicellaria, Hilara), Dr. R. Vockeroth, 

Ottawa (Scatophagidae). 

Most thanks are due to myoid friend and 

teacher, the late fil. dr. O. Ringdahl, who has 

helped me with the determination of some 

Dolichopodidae, Syrphidae, Muscidae and Anthomyiidae. 

Thanks to the kindness of Dr. R. Vockeroth, 

Ottawa, some Canadian dipterologists-besides 

Dr. Vockeroth himself, Dr. J. G. Chillcott and 

Dr. G. E. Shewell-have gone through my 

species list, identifying all species known from 

North America. 

REFERENCES 

ARDO, P, (1957) <strong>Studies</strong> in the Marine Shore Dune 

Ecosystem with special reference to the Dipterous 

Fauna. Opusc, ent" Suppl.XIV, (255 p.). 

DAHL, R. (1959) <strong>Studies</strong> on Scandinavian Ephydridae 

(Diptera Brachycera). Opusc. ent., Suppl. XV. (224 P.). 

JOHNSEN, P. (1946) The rock pools of Bornholm and 

their fauna. Vidensk. Meddr. dansk naturh. Foren. 

109, 1-53. 

KROGERUS, R. (1932) Ober die Okologie und Verbreitung 

der Arthropoden der Treibsandgebiete an 

den Kiisten Finnlands. Acta zool. fenn. 12, (308 p.). 

LINDBERG, H. (1944) Zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna 

im Brackwasser des Baltischen Meeres. Acta Soc. Scifenn. 

Comm. BioI. X 9. (206 p.). 

LINDROTH, C. H. (1931) Die Insektenfauna Islands und 

ihre Probleme. Zool. Bidr. Upps.13, 105-600. 

RINGDAHL, O. (1959) Flugor pa strandangar i nord. 

viistra SHne. Ent. Tidskr. 80, 39-48. 

STRAND, A. (1943) Inndeling av Norge til bruk ved 

faunistiske oppgaver. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 6, 208-224. 

TUXEN, S. L., NIELSEN, P. & RINGDAHL, O. (1954) 

Diptera I. Zoology Iceland, 3, (48a), 1-189.

Infestation Density of 

Trypodendron lineaturn (Olivier) (Coleoptera: 

Scolytidae) in Relation to Felling Date of Logs 

ERIK CHRISTIANSEN & TORFINN SlETHER 

Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Vollebekk, Norway 

Abstract: CHRISTIANSEN, E. & StETHER, T. 1968. Infestation Density of Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) 

(Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Relation to Felling Date of Logs. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15,28-30. 

Picea abies logs cut from October through March were attacked by the ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron 

lineatum, the infestation being heaviest in timber felled during the first part of the period. Logs cut in 

April, May, and June remained undamaged. 

INTRODUCTION 

Logs of a great number of conifers are attacked 

by the ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron 

lineatum (Olivier) when stored unbarked in 

the forest during spring and summer. Publications 

from several countries, in dealing with 

this damage, point out that the timber felling 

date influences the extent of attack (Tragardh 

1921, Hadorn 1933, Morley 1939, Johnson 

1958, Bletchly 1961, Bevan 1962, Bletchly & 

White 1962, Dyer & Chapman 1965). Generally, 

the greatest damage occurs in logs cut 

during autumn and winter, whereas attacks on 

those felled in spring are less extensive. 

In 1963-64 an investigation was carried out 

by Austara and S

0:: 

W 

0- 

30 E. CHRISTIANSEN & T. SiETHER 

InJunes to unbarked spruce and pine timber in 

Norway.) Meddr norske Skogjors Ves. 16: 281-333. 

BEVAN, D. 1962. The ambrosia beetle or pinhole borer, 

Trypodendron lineaturn 01. Scott. For. 16: 94-9. 

BLETCHLY, J. D. 1961. A review of factors affecting 

ambrosia beetle attack in trees and felled logs. Emp. 

For. Rev. 40: 13-8. 

BLETCHLY, J. D. & WHITE, M. G. 1962. Significa'nce 

and control of attack by the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron 

lineaturn (Oliv.) (Col. Scolytidae) in Argyllshire 

forests. Forestry 35: 139-63. 

DYER, E. D. A. & CHAPMAN, J. A. 1965. Flight and 

attack of the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineaturn 

(Oliv.) in relation to felling date of logs. Can. Ent. 97: 

42-57. 

Received 31 January 1963 

HADORN, C. 1933. Recherches sur la morphologie, les 

stades evolutifs et l'hivernage du bostryche lisere 

(Xyloterus lineatus Oliv.) These Ec. polyt. Zurich, 

No. 761,120 pp. Berne, 1933. 

JOHNSON, N. E. 1958. Ambrosia beetle infestation of 

coniferous logs on clearcuttings in Northwestern 

Oregon. J. For. 56: 508-11. 

MORLEY, P. M. 1939. Time of cut as a factor influencing 

infestation of coniferous logs. Call. Ellt. 71: 243-8. 

TRAGARDH, 1. 1921. Undersokningar over den storre 

margborren, dess skadegorelse och bekiimpande. 

(Deutsche Zusammenfassung: Untersuchungen uber 

den grossen Waldgartner (Myelophilus pilliperda).) 

Meddll St. SkogsjorsAlIst. 18: 1-80.

Bombus jonellus (Kirby) (Hym., Apidae) 

has Two Generations in a Season 

OVE MEIDELL t 

Abstract: MEIDELL, O. 1968. Bombus jonellus (Kirby) (Hym., Apidae) ha;; two generation;; in a sea;;on. 

Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 14, 31-32. 

It is ;;tated that B.jonellus (Kirby) produce;; two generations in a ;;ea;;on. The frequency of worker;; reache;; 

one maximum during June and another in the la;;t half of August. A young queen from a colony (1;;t 

generation) kept under ob;;ervation mated on 15 July. She established a colony (2nd generation) from 

which the fir;;t worker emerged on 15 Augu;;t. 

It is generally known that bumble bees produce 

one generation in the sense of queen 

broods in a season. The hibernating queens 

establish their individual nests, produce a varying 

number of worker broods succeeded by 

sexual brood. Soon after the males and the 

young queens have emerged the cycle is completed 

and the colony breaks up. The mated 

queens hibernate and establish colonies of their 

own in the following spring. 

The claim that a bumble bee produces two 

generations in a season, moreover in Norway, 

is striking and may justify the delayed publication 

of the following. It is taken from the notes 

of the late O. Meidell, which are kept at the 

Zoological Museum, University of Bergen. 

A;;trid Laken 

Zoc1ogical Museum, University of Bergen 

In a survey of the bees around Bremen, Germany, 

Alfken (1914) briefly suggests that Bornbus 

jonellus (Kirby) may produce two generations 

in a season based on a possible maximum 

flight intensity of workers observed early in 

June and another in September. 

This theory has stimulated a study of B. jnne/lus 

in Rogaland county, situated in the 

southwestern part of Norway. The frequency 

distribution of the exsisting material of 'l''l', 

99 and 66 throughout the season may be summarized 

as follows: An almost equal number 

of queens occurs in the field during the first 

three weeks of May and is then reduced to a 

minimum during June. The workers appear 

about 20 May, increase rapidly in number and 

reach a maximum during June. A rapid decline 

occurs in the first week of July and then 

the number of workers is slowly reduced to a 

minimum at the end of this month. The first 

males are recorded at the beginning of June, 

reach their greatest number at the end of the 

month and are numerous in the first week of 

July as well, at a time when some young 

queens appear. The number of those queens 

in the fields is constantly low because they prefer 

to stay in the nest or swarm at the top of 

trees. Near the end of July only a few workers 

are observed. Males and young queens 

have disappeared except for rare single records. 

Nests kept under observation agree in the 

main with the life cycle outlined above: The 

colonies are established towards the end of 

April. The first brood, hatching in the last half 

of May, contains six to ten workers. One or 

two males may emerge about the same time 

as the second worker brood in the first half 

of June. The colony reaches its maximum number 

of workers about midsummer, and at that 

time most of the males and the first batch of 

young queens are emerging. The remaining

32 o. MElDELL 

queens hatch at the beginning of July. The 

queens often stay more than a week in the 

nest before they finally leave it. The colonies 

are in general finished about the middle of 

July. 

However, at the end of July some young 

queens and a few older workers are observed 

collecting pollen and nectar continuously, indicating 

that colonies are being raised. The number 

of these queens, however, is smaller than in 

the spring. The number of workers increases 

during the first half of August but by then 

only a few queens are observed. The frequency 

of workers reaches a maximum in the latter 

half of August when they are particularly 

numerous on Calluna vulgaris L. By then males 

are again observed. Newly emerged queens are 

observed in September. 

B. jonellus establish their nests about three 

to four weeks later in the subalpine areas of 

the county (Suldal: Mostl'Jl, altitude about 

600 m), but the cycle is usually completed 

only about two weeks later than in the lowland. 

Further observations in these areas in 

1936 indicate that the species produces two 

generations in this region as well. Firstly, the 

frequency distribution of workers clearly reveals 

two maxima during the season. Secondly, 

a newly established colony was recorded as late 

as the middle of August. Besides the founder, 

a rather new queen with unworn wings, it contained 

cocoons of the first batch of worker 

brood. 

Some more nests were controlled in Suldal 

in 1937, one of which was recorded on 2 June 

and contained by then cocoons of the first 


worker brood. This nest reached its climax 

about 1 July, and males and young queens 

emerged the second week of July. A simple 

experiment was now carried out. On one of 

the young queens in this nest, hatching about 

8 July, the wings were cut off so that she would 

stay in the nest. Three males emerged about 

four days later one of which mated the wingless 

queen on 15 July. By then the colony was 

almost finished. The founder of the nest died 

on approximately 7 July and only five relatively 

young workers remained in the nest together 

with the mated queen which by now 

was barely moving. The workers provisioned 

the honeypots with some nectar but did not 

collect pollen. 

When the nest was inspected on 4 August, 

the queen was establishing a new colony. The 

first waxen cell was built at the edge of the 

old derelict comb. Two days later the swelling 

of the cell indicated that larvae were developing. 

The first worker emerged on 15 August 

and by then more broods were produced. Unfortunately 

the observations had to be interrupted. 

The quantitative evaluations, the study of 

the colonies kept under observation as well as 

the experiment above, reveal clearly that B. 

jonellus raises two generations in a season in 

Rogaland county, in the lowlands as well as in 

subalpine areas. 

REFERENCE 

ALfKEN, J. D. (1914) Die Bienefauna van Bremen. 

Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen 22,125.

Notes on the Genus Boreus in Norway 

ARNE FJELLBERG & UTA GREVE 


Abstract: FJELLBERG, A. & GREVE, LITA. 1968. Notes on the Genus Boreus in Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 

15, 33-34. New localities for B. hyemalis and B. westwoodi are reported. Some observations on the sex 

ratio, the air temperature and mass occurrence are presented. 

There is little information in the literature on the 

genus Boreus in Norway. Since Tjeder's (1945) 

'Catalogus Neuropterorum et Mecopterorum 

Norvegiae' the genus has been mentioned briefly 

by Greve (1965, 1966). Since the Boreidae are 

among the few insects modified for active life 

during the winter months, several workers have 

concentrated on their ecology, among them 

Strtibing (1950, 1958), Svensson (1966) and Sauer 

(1966). Strtibing reports temperatures around 

lOoC as optimal for B. hyemalis. Svensson reports 

active animals at temperatures down to zero, in 

one extreme case an active B. westwoodi 6 was 

observed at -5.5°C. 

A list of localities where B. hyemalis and B. 

westwoodi were found is given below. B. hyemalis is 

new to Vestfold (VE), western Buskerud (Bv) 

and southern Opland (Os), and B. westwoodi to 

(VE) and (Os). The collection at Vuozeljokka 

was made by K. Hove, at Finse by a student 

excursion from the Zoological Museum, University 

of Bergen, at Dagali by H. B. Jensen, 

and the remaining ones by A. Fjellberg. The 

geographical division follows Strand (1943). 

Boreus hyemalis (L.). VE: Tjome 29.11.1 964 

3 d'd' I 'i', 26.2.1966 1 'i', 24.12.1966 2 d'd'. 

OS: Sor-Aurdal 18.10.1965 1 12, 5.11.1965 3 d'd' 

1 12. Bv: Hol, Dagali 13.4.1965 Coil. H. B. Jensen. 

HOi: Finse, Kongsnut 8.9.196716. 

Boreus westwoodi (Hag.). VE: Tjome, Kj

34 A. FJELLBERG & L. GREVE 

abies) forest descending in a westernly direction 

towards a swamp. The forest was felled in 1949. 

Of the total number of specimens, 14 per cent 

were in copulation. Mass occurrence is otherwise 

mentioned in the literature by OHM (196\). 

Some comments should be made concerning 

the sex ratio: B. westwoodi; Tjome 26.2.1966. 

30 33 22 n, 33/n 3:2, 57.6% males; 

Tjome 27.2.1966, 51 33 34 n, 3 :2, 60% 

males; Tjome 24.12.1966, 16 33 11 n, 3:2, 

59.1 % males. Both B. hyema/is and B. westwoodi 

together: Sor-Aurdal 2.11.1965 324 33 221 CjJQ 

33fCjJCjJ 3:2 59.4 % males. Similarly in the four 

localities where several specimens were caught. 

the ratio 33/n was very near 3 :2. 

Some of our observations on activity at low 

temperatures are: B. hyemalis Tjome 26.2.1966 

1°C Sor-Aurdal 2.11.1965 just above zero; B. 

westwoodi Tjome 26.2. and 27.2.1966 some CC 

above zero. All figures are air temperature. 


REFERENCES 

GREVE. L. (1965) &reus hyemalis (L.) new to Norway, 

and recent records of Norwegian Mecoptera. Norsk 

enl. Tidsskr. 13, 17-18. 

GREVE. L. (1966) Snelopper og Skorpionfluer. Naluren, 

90, 346-354. 

OHM, P. (196\ , Die Neuropteren und Mecopteren des 

Reher Kralls. Faun. ,\filt. SOrtJd. 3, 67-71. 

SAUER, c.-P. (1966) Der winterhaft &rells lI'eslwoodi. 

Mikrokosmos SS H. 4 1966. 

STRA:-"D. A. (1943) Inndeling a\' Norge til bruk ved 

faunistiske oppga\'er. "',orsk elft. Tidsskr. 6, 208-224. 

STRVB1'G. H. (1950) Beitrage rur Biologie von Boreus 

hiemalisL.Zool.Beitr. N.F.I, 51-110. 

STRUB1:-"G. H. (1958) Schnee-insekten. Selle Brehm 

Bllch, Heft 220. 1-47, 

5\"E:-"sso:-". S. A. (1966) Studier o\'er nagra vinteraktiva 

insekters biologi. ,\'orsk elft. Tidsskr. 13,335-338. 

TJEDER. B. (1945) Catalogus Neuropterorum et 

Mecopterorum Norvegiae. .....orsk ent. Tidsskr. 7, 

93-98.

Gyrophaena keeni Casey and 

G. orientalis A. Str. (Col., Staphylinidae) 

ANDREAS STRAND 

Melumveien 38, Oslo 7 

Abstract: STRAND, A. 1968. Gyrophaena keeni Casey and G. orientalis A. Str. (Col., Staphylinidae). Norsk 

ent. Tidsskr. IS, 35-36. 

Gyrophaena keeni Casey and orientalis A. Str. are so closely related that the question has arisen whether 

they are distinct species. On the basis of an examination of material of both forms the author expresses 

the opinion that they must really be considered two separate species. 

Folwaczny (1967) has recently stated that in 

the European part of the Ural mountains he 

has found Gyrophaena keeni Casey, which 

was earlier known only from N. America. He 

suggests that the species, which he indicates 

as new to the palaearctic area, might be distributed 

all over Siberia. The determination has 

been made by Likovsky. 

Folwaczny has kindly sent me a 0, which is 

exactly the same as my orientalis (Strand 

1938) from Finland and the Sajan mountains 

in Siberia. 

Likovsky has made his determination on the 

basis of a publication of Seevers (1951), which 

also contains a figure of the penis of keeni in 

lateral position. 

In this publication, which Rupert L. Wenzel 

of Field Museum in Chicago kindly has sent 

me together with some of the late Dr. Seevers' 

specimens, he mentions that he has seen the 

specimens in Casey's collection, but as the type 

material could not be dissected he had to content 

himself with external characters. 

Casey (19II) mentions that keeni is 'shining 

though with distinct and rather large microreticulation', 

and Seevers (1951) says: 'Reticulation 

of head and pronotum rather strong, 

finely meshed'. 

The specimens of keeni that I have seen, are 

quite correctly described as having a rather 

strong micro-reticulation on head and prono- 

turn, while in orientalis the central part of the 

forehead and the pronotum are very shining 

and without, or with very indistinct, reticulation. 

The antennae are stouter in keeni than in 

orientalis. 

The penes of the two species are very much 

alike, but there are some differences, most 

distinct in dorsal view, as shown in Figs. 1 

and 2. 

Although the two are undoubtedly closely 

related, there seems to be sufficient reason to 

consider them as distinct species. 

I am most grateful to Br. Folwaczny, Bad 

Hersfeld, Dr. Zbynek Likovsky, Prague, Prof. 

Fig. 1. Penis of Gyrophaena keeni Casey, dorsal view. 

(Anders Vik del.) 

Fig. 2. Penis of Gyrophaena orientalis A. Str., dorsal 

view. (Anders Vik del.) 

2

36 A. STRAND 

Carl H. Lindroth, Lund, Dr. Sten Stockmann, 

Helsinki, and Rupert L. Wenzel, Chicago for 

help with material and information, and to my 

friend Anders Vik, Sandefjord, for the figures. 

REFERENCES 

CASEY, T. L. (1911) New American species of Aleocharinae 

and Myllaeninae. Mem. Coleopt. 2, 1-259. 


FOLWACZNY, B. (1967) Faunistische und biologische 

Diversa. Ent. BI. BioI. Syst. Ka/er. 63, 60-62. 

SEEVERS, C. H. (1951) A Revision of the North American 

and European Staphylinid Beetles of the Subtribe 

Gyrophaenae (Aleocharinae, Boletocharini). Fieldiana, 

Zool. 32,655-762. 

STRAND, A. (1938) Gyrophaena orientalis n. sp. (Col. 

Staph.). Notul. ent. 18, 39-40.

Micaria decorata Tullgren 1942 (Clubionidae, Araneae) 

New to Norway 

ODD H. JOHANNESSEN 


Abstract: JOHANNESEN, O. H. 1968. Micaria decorata Tullgren 1942 (Clubionidae, Aranae) New to 

Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 37-39. 

Micaria decorata Tullgren is reported new to Norway. One single female was found 25 May 1965, 

five kilometres south of Bergen. Measurements of legs and cephalothorax in the present specimen are 

compared to previously published data. 

On the 25th of May 1965 I found an adult 

female spider, which was later identified as 

Micaria decorata Tullgren. The identification 

was confirmed by Prof. H. Kauri, Bergen Museum. 

The animal was found near Gamlehaugen, 

about 5 km south of Bergen, in an area 

of hillocks covered with loose stones and 

patches of heather and moss. Palmgren (1943) 

stated that it occurred on stones and rock with 

sparse vegetation near the coast of southern 

Finland. Miller (1967) described similar biotopes 

in Czechoslovakia ('... im sparlichen 

Heidekraut unter lose liegende Steinen oder in 

Cladonia- und Cetraria-Polstern .. .'). 

The species has previously been found in 

Sweden, Finland and Czechoslovakia. The centre 

of distribution seems to be in Scandinavia, 

with several records from the southern parts 

of Sweden and Finland. 

The specimen which I found had the following 

measurements: Total length 4.83 mm; 

length of cephalothorax 1.76 mm; maximum 

width of cephalothorax 1.23 mm; width of 

cephalothorax at the eyes 0.62 mm. Measurements 

of the legs are given in Table I. Comparison 

of these measurements with those 

from other specimens shows this to be the 

largest Cl' yet recorded. 

Among the arachnids the Cl' is usually larger 

than the 6. In the case of Micaria decorata, 

measurements of the length of cephalothorax, 

as shown in Table Il, have been published. In 

the case of the specimens obtained by Palmgren 

and Miller, the 66 were thus generally 

larger than the Cl'Cl', though overlapping did 

occur. 

Previously published records of the length 

of legs in Cl'Cl', and measurements of the present 

specimen, are given in Table Ill. The relative 

lengths of the legs in the 66 are constant 

in all the animals which have been measured, 

the order of decreasing length being 4.1.2.3. 

This order does not seem to be constant in the 

66. According to Tullgren (1942), the relative 

Table I. Measurements of the legs (in mm) of the present specimen of M. decorata 

Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total 

1 1.14 0.49 0.85 0.74 0.68 3.90 

2 1.09 0.48 0.74 0.74 0.66 3.71 

3 0.91 0.51 0.66 0.75 0.55 3.38 

4 1.52 0.66 1.12 1.17 0.80 5.27

REFERENCES 

TUllLGREN, A. (1942) Bidrag til kiinnedomen om den 

svenska spindelfaunaen. I. Ent. Tidskr. 63, 217-234. 

PALMGREN, P. (1943) Die Spinnenfauna Finnlands H. 

Acta Zool. Fenn. 36, 67-70. 


MICARIA DECORATA 39 

MILLER, F. (1967) Studien iiber die Kopulationsorgane 

der Spinnengattung Ze1otes, Micaria, Robertus und 

Diponea nebst Beschreibung einiger neuen oder 

unvollkommen bekannten Spinnenarten. Acta Sci. 

lIat. Bmo. I. Nova Series, 251-298. 

ODD H. JOHANNESSEN 

Biological Station 

Espegrend 

Blomsterdalen, Norway

Corticarina irkutensis n. sp. (Col., Lathridiidae) 

Vor vielen Jahren erhielt ich von Reitter 40 

Exemplare einer Corticarina-Art mit den Fundortzetteln 

«Quell d lrkut Reitter» und «Quellgebiet 

des lrkut Leder», die einer unbeschriebenen 

Art zu gehoren scheinen. 

Diese neue Art kommt in ektoskelettalen 

Merkmalen fuscula Gyll. am nachsten, unterscheidet 

sich jedoch von ihr durch durchschnittlich 

kleineren Korper, ein wenig kiirzere 

Fiihler, kleineren und starker punktierten Halsschild 

deren grosste Breite weiter nach vorne 

Eingegangen 28 Februar 1968 



liegt und vor allem durch ganz anders gebauten 

Penis. 

lm bau des Penis kommet die Art lambiana 

Sharp iiberaus nahe wie aus den Figuren hervorgeht, 

lambiana ist jedoch viel kleiner und 

etwas breiter gebaut, die Fiihler sind viel 

kiirzer und die Seiten der Deckfliigel sind mehr 

gerundet. 

Holotypus: Ein is bezettelt «Quell d lrkut 

Reitter» in meiner Sammlung. 

a b a b 

Fig. 1. Penis von Corticarina irkutensis A. Str. a. 

Dorsalansicht. b. Lateralansicht (Anders Vik del.) 

Fig. 2. Penis von Corticarina lambiana Sharp a. Dorsalansicht. 

b. Lateralansicht (Anders Vik del.)

44 B. A. MElDELL 

Fig. 7. Posterior gonopods of M. gafficum 6 from 

Seim. Posterior view. 

\ 

\ 

\ 

E 

E 

0- 

Fig. 8. One set of coxal projections with pseudoflagellum 

of posterior gonopods. Animal from Tvetevannet. 

a. The spade-shaped projection. b. The two projections 

joined at the base. c. The pseudoflagellum. 

Fig. 9. Posterior paragonopods, partly covered by 

coxal sacs, of M. gallicum 6 from Seim. Anterior 

view. 

base, but the appearance of these last two is 

very different. The pseudoflageIIum in M.galhewn 

is longer than in M.voigti. 

The posterior paragonopods (Fig. 9) with 3 

branches on the coxal projection differ from 

M.voigti which has only a plain projection. 

The family Chordeumidae has in the 'i' a sternite 

just behind the vulvae, the platosternite. 

Fig. 10 shows the platosternite in M.gallicum. 

Fig. 11 show the platosternite in a M.voigti 

from Bavaria (leg. et det. Verhoeff, in the collection 

of the Zoological Museum, Bergen). 

I I 

0,1 mm 

Fig. 10 Platosternite of M. gallicum ¥ from Tvetevannet.

0,1 mm 

Fig. 11. Platosternite of M. voigti Verhoeff '? from 

Bavaria. 

Figures of M.voigti & for comparison f.inst. in 

Lohmander (1925, p. 22, Figs. 9-13). 

Brolemann (1935) described for M.gallicum 

a race helviorum from southern France, which 

Ribaut (after Schubart 1963) declared a proper 

species. From Brolemann's Figures it is the 

posterior paragonopods in particular which are 

different in helviorum and the nominate race. 

In my material there is an especially large 

variation In the size of the lateral branch on 

the coxal projection. None of the posterior 

paragonopods of M.gallicum in my collection 

were of quite so dramatic appearance as in 

M.g.helviorum (Brolemann 1935, Figs. 694 and 

695). According to Brolemann there is also a 

difference between helviorum and the nominate 

race in the anterior paragonopods. Figs. 3 

and 4 show the great variation within the 

Norwegian material. Fig. 3 is nearly the same 

as the nominate race (Brolemann 1935, Fig. 

692), whereas Fig. 4 is very similar to M.g.helviorum 

(Brolemann 1935, Fig. 693). For the 

anterior gonopods (Fig. 5) the ratio of the 

lengths of the coxal and sternal projections is 

the same as for helviorum (Brolemann 1935, 

Fig. 592), but the ratio for the length and 

width of the sternaI projection is the same as 

for genuinum (Brolemann 1935, Fig. 688). Brolemann 

gives no differences for posterior gonopods. 

Lohmander (1925) is of the opinion that the 

variations of the gonopods of M.voigti, on the 

basis of which Verhoeff (1938) established a 

great number of races and varieties, are analogous 

to the macrodactyle and brachydactyle 

forms of the Craspedosoma species. The varia- 

MICROCHORDEUMA GALLICUM NEW TO SCANDINAVIA 

Hon which occurs within the Norwegian material 

of M.gallicum should indicate a classification 

into macro- and brachydactyle forms 

for this species as well, but the quantity of && 

is at the moment too small to say anything 

definite about this. Brolemann has no Figures 

of the platosternite in helviorum. 

Common to the Ascospermophora are the 

papillae on the anal segment, the 3 pairs of 

bristles dorsally on each segment and the lack 

of poison glands. Ascospermophora are very 

dependent on a high humidity. They can tolerate 

low temperatures to a far greater extent 

than other diplopods but are very sensitive to 

higher temperatures. As a result of their lowtemperature 

tolerance most ascospermophores 

are active during autumn and spring (cf. list 

of finds). Copulation has been observed in 

April and October (Schubart 1934). 

Microchordeuma gallicum is described from 

the north-west of France (Latzel 1884). Schubart 

(1934) mentions it from Germany, west 

of the Rhine, Belgium, the Netherlands (in 

Talpa nests) and Switzerland (up to 2,000 m 

above sea level underneath stones). Eason 

(1957) describes it from Great Britain (Wales, 

Caernarvonshire, 1 '? + 1 & in garden leaf-litter). 

Schubart (1963) makes a further report 

from Luxembourg. 

The find at Seim is therefore the northernmost 

locality reported for Microchordeuma 

gallicum. It has not been found in Denmark or 

Sweden. 

Whether the animals from Norway have a 

synantropic distribution is not clear as yet. If 

their immigration to Norway has been synantropic 

they have had enough time to occupy 

their natural biotopes. 

M.voigti Verhoeff has a synantrope distribution 

in the south of Sweden (Lohmander 1925) 

and in Jutland, Denmark (Lohmander 1957). 

It orginates in the German Jura (Verhoeff 

1918) and has spread within Germany on shipments 

of earth and plants (Verhoeff 1932). 

Schubart (1934) reports it from northern Switzerland, 

and also one find in Czechoslovakia. 

45

46 B. A. MEIDELL 

REFERENCES 

BROLEMANN, H. W. (1935) Myriapodes Diplopodes. 

Faune Fr. 29, (369 p.). 

EAsoN, E. H. (1957) Chilopoda and diplopoda from 

Caernarvonshire. Proc. zoo!. Soc. Lond. 129,273-349. 

LATzEL, R. (1884) Diagnoses d'Especes et de Variete 

nouvelle. In Gadeau de Kerville, Les Myriopodes de 

la Normandie. 1. Liste. Bull. Soc. Amis. Sci. Natur. 

Rouen. 1883. p. 251-271. 

LOHMANDER, H. (1925) Sveriges Diplopoder. GOteborgs 

K. Vetensk.-o. Vitterh. Samh. Hand!. 30, 2. 

(115 p.). 

LOHMANDER, H. (\957) Faunistisk fiiltarbete i Nord- 

Received 9 March 1968 

och Vestjylland 1954 och 1956. Gdteborgs Musei 

.4rstryck 1957. 

SCHUBART, O. (1934) Diplopoda. Tierwelt Dt!. 28, 

(318 p.). 

SCHUBART, O. (1963) Diplopoda, Symphyla, Pauropoda, 

Chilopoda. Tierwelt Mitteleur. n. Band Lief. 3 

Erganzung. (51 p.). 

VERHOEFF, K. W. (1918) Zur Kenntnis der Zoogreographie 

Deutschlands. (85-88 Diplopoden-Aufsatz) 

Nova Acta Leopoldina 103. 

VERHOEFF, K. W. (1932) Diplopoda. III Bronns, 

Klassen u. Ordnungen des Tierreichs. Akad. VerJagsges. 

2 Bd. 13 Lief. (2084 p.). Leipzig.

48 A. STRAND 

teriale er den hos starki st0rre og betydelig bredere 

og mer stumpvinklet enn hos praeusta. 

Figurene viser den apikale del av penis hos 

det nevnte eksemplar av starki fra AK: Br0nn 

0ya (fig. 1 A), hos et eksemplar av praeusta fra 

TRi: Rundhaug, Malselv (fig. 1 B), og hos et 

eksemplar av praeusta fra Wien (fig. 1 C). Hos 

eksemplaret av starki fra Bohmen er penis noe 

spissere enn hos det norske. Hos begge eksemplarer 

av starki, som utvilsomt er fuHt utviklet, 

er penis lysere enn hos praeusta-eksemplarene. 

Mottatt 28. februar 1968 

LITTERATUR 

HOR10N, A. (1935) Nachtrag zu Fauna Germanica. Die 

Kaler des Deutschen Reiches von Edmund Reitter. 

Krefeld (358 p.). 

MULLER, J. (1926}27) Ueber elnJge europaische 

Bockkafer. Coleopt. Zbl. 1, 310-315. 

REITTER, E. (1912) Fauna Germanica. Die Kii/er des 

Deutschen Reiches, IV. Band. Stuttgart. (236 p.). 

SCHMIDT, G. (1958) Untersuchungen uber die mitteleuropiiischen 

Vertreter des Genus Tetrops Stephens. 

Mitt. dt. ent. Ges., 17, 53-60.

The Life Cycle of 

Ephemeroptera in the Lower Part of Aurland River in 

Sogn and Fjordane, Western Norway 

ROALD LARSEN 


Abstract: LARsEN, R. 1968 The Life Cycle of Ephemeroptera in the Lower Part of Aurland River in 

Sogn and Fjordane, Western Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 49-59. Collections of larvae of 

Ephemerella aurivillii, Baetis rhodani, and Ameletus inopinatus (Ephemeroptera) were made each 

month during 1966 in the Aurland River, Western Norway, and were used to get information about 

the life cycle of the species. E. aurivillii emerges mainly in June, July, August and September. 

The new generation begins to appear in August and growth proceeds throughout the winter with a drop 

in the growth rate through January and February. The animals complete a generation in one year. B. 

rhodani emerges from April to the beginning of November, and completes two generations in one year. 

These consist of a long overwintering and a short summer generation, the former emerging from April to 

July, the latter from July to the beginning of November. A. inopinatus emerges throughout May-August. 

No hatching is found from December to August the next year. There is only one generation in one year. 

During 1966 the life cycle of the benthic species 

of Ephemeroptera was studied at two 

localities in the Aurland River. The positions 

of the localities are shown on Fig. 1, marked 

Loc. 1 and Loc. 2, and more detailed maps of 

the stations, called TR and A4, at which this 

work was carried out, are shown on Fig. 2 and 

Fig. 3. The River is characterized by the criteria 

given by Brinck (1949) for Northern 

rivers. Variations in water-flow during the investigation 

period are shown on Fig. 4. 

METHODS 

On each sampling station 15 samples were 

taken every month, 5 on sand bottom (A), 

5 on stony bottom without moss vegetation 

(B), and 5 on stony bottom with a compact 

layer of moss (C). Because of the great number 

of individuals only a part of the samples 

were examined, as shown in Table I. The substrata 

mentioned above are seen on Figs. 5, 6 

and 7. Samples were taken partly with a Sur- 

4-1';O1'sk ent. Tidsskr. 

ber-Sampler and partly with a Neill's cylinder 

(Macan 1958), both covering an area of approximately 

0.1 m 2 . 

The collecting apparatus was made of plankton 

net size 250 \1' Sand, stones and moss were 

placed in a bucket. Larger stones and finer 

materials were washed and thrown away. The 

remains were preserved in 80 per cent alcohol, 

and total macroscopic fauna was sorted out 

under a binocular. The larvae of Ephemeroptera 

were measured in mm on a microscope 

slide. Measurements were taken from the anterior 

edge of clypeus to the base of caudal 

cerci. All larvae more than 1 mm in length 

were measured. Some larvae below 1 mm passed 

through the collecting net and were therefore 

excluded from the quantitative analysis. 

Water current and depth were measured every 

month. Samples were taken from 0 to 80 cm 

depth, and in the current range of 50 cm/sec. 

to 130 cm/sec. Care was taken to sample each 

of the three categories of substrata each month 

under the same current and depth conditons.

Fig. 3. Station Ai situated 110 m above sea level. (Scale 1: 2000) 

The homogeneity of the sampling units will 

not be considered here. 

THE SPECIES 

Five species were found, Leptophlebia marginata 

(L.), Leptophlebia vespertina (L.), Ephemerella 

aurivillii Bengtsson, Ameletus inopinatus 

Eaton, and Baetis rhodani (Pictet). The 

first two species are not considered here, be- 

150 

100 

u 

w on 

;;; 

:::E 

50 

Fig. 4. The average water-flow every month during 

1966 in m 3 /sec. measured at the outlet of lake Vassbygd. 

THE LIFE CYCLE OF EPHEMEROPTERA 51 

cause they did not belong to the benthic species 

of the river. 

The distribution of Ephemeroptera so far 

known for Norway is found in Brekke (1938, 

1943, 1965), Grimeland (1963, 1965), 0kland 

(1964) and Illies (1967). Regarding the species 

found by the author, only A. inopinatus have 

not previously been reported from Western 

Norway. 

THE LIFE HISTORY OF 

EPHEMEROPTERA 

The life history of Ephemeroptera has been 

studied by Moon (1939), who estimated the 

growth-rate of two species of Leptophlebia and 

Caenis horaria (L.), and showed that there is 

a single brood each year in all three species. 

Rawlinson (1939) found two broods of Ecdyonurus 

venosus (Fabricius) a year, and found a 

marked seasonal variation in the growth-rate 

too. Harker (1952, 1953) studied the life cycle 

and growth-rates of four species, Ecdyonurus 

torrentis Kimmins, Heptagenia lateralis (Curtis), 

Rithrogena semicolorata (Curtis), and Baetis 

rhodani (Pictet), in a stream near Bolten. 

Because of the long period of emergence for 

B. rhodani and appearance of small larvae 

throughout the year he failed to determine the 

life cycle of this species. Macan (1957) examined 

B. rhodani, Baetis pumiulus (Burm.), Ephe-

52 R. LARSEN 

Table I. Number ofsamples examined and dates ofsampling every month during 1966 at TR and A 4 

Station 

Date 

Jan. 4. 

5. 

Feb. 5. 

Mar. 5. 

7. 

Apr. l. 

3. 

May 4. 

5. 

June 4. 

6. 

July 4. 

5. 

Aug. 4. 

5. 

Sept. 3. 

5. 

Oct. l. 

3. 

Nov. 4. 

6. 

Dec. 20. 

2l. 

22. 

TR 

Substratum: A B C 

522 

555 

555 

555 

555 

555 

555 

555 

522 

522 

622 

552 

A B C 

555 

555 

555 

555 

555 

555 

555 

555 

555 

555 

555 

5 

5 5 

merella ignita (Poda), and Paraleptophlebia 

submarginata (Stephens). The life history of 

A. inopinatus has been studied by Gledhill 

(1959) in a little stream in the Lake District 

in England. As far as I know, nobody has 

Fig. 5. Sand-substratum. The disc is 5.5 cm in diameter. 

Number of samples examined Tested area in m 2 

9 0.9 

15 1.5 

30 3.0 

15 1.5 

15 1.5 

15 1.5 

15 1.5 

15 1.5 

15 1.5 

15 1.5 

15 1.5 

15 1.5 

15 1.5 

15 1.5 

15 1.5 

9 0.9 

15 1.5 

9 0.9 

15 1.5 

9 0.9 

15 I.S 

12 1.2 

5 Q5 

10 1.0 

studied the life cycle of Ephemerella aurivillii, 

but some knowledge about this species can 

be obtained from Bengtsson (930), Tiensuu 

(939), Sodergren (1963), Ulfstrand (967) and 

Illies (1967). 

Fig. 6. Stone-substratum without moss-cover. The 

disc is 5.5 cm in diameter.

Fig. 7. Stone-substratum with moss-cover. 

EPHEMERELLA AURIVILLII 

BENGTSSON 1908 

A number of larvae and a few imagines and 

subimagines were collected on Station TR. It 

was not found in Loc. 2. 

Both larvae and imagines agree with the 

descriptions of Bengtsson (1930). The number 

of specimens in each size group throughout the 

year is shown in Table II, and Fig. 8 shows 

the groups: small, half-grown and full-grown. 

The flight period is indicated by the black 

horizontal line, deduced from findings of larvae 

ready for emergence, subimagines and 

imagines. The results can be summarized as 

follows. 

1) The flight period of E. Gurivillii starts in 

the beginning of June and lasts to the middle 

of September with no clear peaks of emergence. 

2) The first newly-hatched larvae are found 

from the beginning of August and the larvae 

are growing rapidly throughout the autumn. 

3) Apparently there is a cessation of growth 

or a drop in the growth rate in December, 

January, February and March. Then the larvae 

grow rapidly again and reach the time of 

emergence towards the beginning of June. 

However, this can only partly be deduced from 

the data given, because they belong to two 

following generations, and it must be men- 

THE LlFE CYCLE OF EPHEMEROPTERA 53 

tioned that nothing is known about the yearly 

fluctuation of the population density. 

4) The natural death rate of the young larvae 

is high, reducing the population to half 

or less during one or two months. 

5) The animals complete a generation in one 

year. 

6) The subimagines are found early in the 

morning and the imaginal stage is reached 2 

or 3 hours later. In the afternoon an upstream 

flying activity begins. The females are flying 

low over the water and eggs are dropped on 

the surface mostly in the middle of the river. 

Copulation has never been observed. 

Discussiol1 

The flight period of E.Gurivillii is long, lasting 

for almost 4 months, compared with the two 

and a half months of E.ignita, and the 20 days 

of E.notata. 

360 

300 

200 

N 

" 

';

56 R. LARSEN 

Table Ill. Average number o/B. rhodani at station TR and A 4 on substrata A,B, and C per m 2 , and average number 

in each size group per m 2 at TR based on the mean o/the numbers onB and C. Size Vo/specimens in mm 

Average 

Average number number 

st. TR. per m 2 Average number in each size group per m 2 st. A 4 per m 2 

Substr. B+C 

Month A B C 2 I:S;;Yl

GLEDHILL, T. (1959) The life-history of Ameletus 

inopinatus (Siphlonuridae, Ephemeroptera). Hydrobiologia 

14, 85-90. 

GRIMELAND, G. (1963) Abnormitet hos Ameletus 

inopinatus Eaton, (Ephemeroptera). Norsk ent. 

Tidsskr. 12,97-99. 

GRIMELAND, G. (1965) Dognfluer (Ephemeroptera) i 

Agdenes, Sor-Trondelag. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 13, 

136-143. 

HARKER, J. (1952) A study of life cycles and growth 

rates of four species of Mayflies. Proc. R. ent. Soc. 

Lond. 27, 77-85. 

HARKER, J. (1953) An investigation of the distribution 

of the Mayfly fauna of a Lancashire stream. J. Anim. 

Ecol. 22,1-13. 

ILLIES, J. (1952) Die M61le, Faunistisch-6kologische 

Untersuchungen an einem Forellenbach im Lipper 

Bergland. Arch. Hydrobiol. 46, 424-512. 

ILLlEs, J. (1959) Retardierte Schlupfzeit von Baetis 

Gelegen (Ins., Ephem.). Naturwissenschaften 46, 

119-120. 

ILuEs, J. (1967) (Ed.) Limnofauna europaea, p. 212-219 

Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart. 

JENSEN, C. (1961) Ephemerella notata Etn., Caenis 

undosa Ts. og Heptagenia longicauda (Steph.) nye 

for Danmark. Flora Fauna, Silkeborg, 1-2,97-104. 

K1MMINS, D. E. (1954) A Revised Key to the Adults of 

British Species of Ephemeroptera. Sci. Publ. Freshwater 

Bioi. Assoc. No. 15, 1-71. 

KIMMINS, D. E. & FROST, W. E. (1943) Observations on 

the Nymph and Adult of Ephemerella notata Eaton 

(Ephemeroptera). Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A), 18,4-6. 

MAcAN, T. T. (1957) The life histories and migrations 

of the Ephemeroptera in a stony stream. Trans. Soc. 

Brit. Ent. 12, 129-156. 

MAcAN, T. T. (1958) Methods of sampling the bottom 

fauna in stony streams. Mitt. into Verein. theor. angew. 

Limnol. 8, 1-21. 

MAcAN, T. T. (1961) A key to the Nymphs of the 


THE LIFE CYCLE OF EPHEMEROPTERA 59 

British species of Ephemeroptera. Sci. Publ. Freshwater 

Bioi. Assoc. No. 20, 1-64. 

MOON, H. P. (1939) The growth of Caenis horaria (L.) 

Leptophlebia vespertina (L.), and L. marginata (L.), 

(Ephemeroptera). Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. (A), 108, 

507-512. 

MULLER-LIEBENAU, I. (1965) Revision der von Simon 

Bengtsson Aufgestellten. Baetis-Arten (Ephemeroptera). 

Opusc. ent. 30, 79-123. 

PLESKOT, G. (1958) Die Periodizitat einiger Ephemeropteren 

der Schwechat. Schr. Reihe GWF, 1958, 1-32. 

RAWLlNSON, R. (1939) <strong>Studies</strong> on the life-history and 

breeding of Ecdyonurus venosus (Ephemeroptera). 

Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. (B) 109, 377-450. 

REMMERT, H. (1962) Der Schlupfrhythmus der Insekten. 

Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden. 

SAWYER, F. E. (1953) The blue-winged olive. Field, 

201, 1038. 

SCHOENEMUND, E. (1930) Eintagsfliegen oder Ephemeroptera, 

Tierwelt Dtl. 11,1-106. 

SMITH, O. R. (1935) The eggs and egg-laying habits of 

North American mayflies, pp. 67-89. in NEEDHAM, 

The Biology of Mayflies. Comstock Publishing Co., 

New York. 

SODERGREN, S. (1963) Undersokningar av driftfaunaen 

i Ricklean. Laxforskningsinstitutet, Meddelande, 5, 

30 p. 

TIENSUU, L. (1939) A survey of the distribution of 

Mayflies, (Ephemeroptera), in Finland. Suom. hyl3nt. 


ULFSTRAND, S. (1967) Microdistribution of benthic 

species (Ephemeroptera), Plecoptera, Trichoptera, 

Diptera, Simuliidae) in Lapland streams. Oikos, 8, 

293-310. 

0KLAND, J. (1964) The eutrophic lake Borrevann 

(Norway) - an ecological study on shore and bottom 

fauna with special reference to gastropods, including 

a hydrographic survey. Folia limnol. scand. No. 13, 

1-337. 

Cand. mag. ROALD LARSEN 

Zoologisk Museum 

U niversitetet 

Bergen, Norway

Nye funn av Lepidoptera i Norge 

'Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Norway' 

(Opheim 1962) kan suppleres ved nedennevnte 

funn av arter som er nye for den krets hvor 

de er fanget. 

BI'J: Amphipyra perflua P., Aros 15.8.1967. 

Pterostoma palpinum L., Aros 25.5.1968. 

YE: Drepana falcataria L., Narverl'Jd 10.8. 

1967, Diarsia festiva Schiff., Narven'ld 26.8. 

1967, Cerastis rubiricosa Schiff., Narverl'Jd 29.4. 

1968, Antitype chi L., Narverl'Jd 12.8.1967, 

Agrochola litura L., Narverl'Jd 26.8.1967, Apamea 

ypsilon Schiff., Narverl'Jd 26.8.1967, Caradrina 

cinerascens Tngstr., Narverl'Jd 12.8.1967, 

Zenobia subtusa L., Narverl'Jd 11.8.1967, Arenostola 

phragmitidis Rb., Narverl'Jd 11.8.1967. 

TEi: Anthocaris cardamines L., Rjardal 24.5. 

1968. 

C. F. LUHR 

Lom 

(Mottatt 30. mai 1968) 

VAy: Orthosia populi Strl'Jm, Sl'Jgne 6.5.1967, 

Apamea rubrirena Tr., Sl'Jgne 9.8.1967, Amphiphyra 

perfllla P., Sl'Jgne 4.8.1967, Scoliopteryx 

!ibatrix .L, Sl'Jgne 25.8.1967. 

TRy: Diarsia rubi View., Pinnsnes 31.8.1965, 

Apamea secalis L., Pinnsnes 25.8.1965, Hydraecia 

crinanensis Burr., Finnsnes 30.8.1965, 

Lygris testata L. Finnsnes 23.8.1965. 

SUMMARY 

The article gives a list of new localities for 16 

species of Lepidoptera from Norway. 

LITTERATUR 

OPHEIM, M. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Norway. 

Part 1. Rhopa10dera, Grypocera, Sphinges and 

Bombyces (1958, 26p) and Part n. Noctuoidea. 

(1962,-32 p). Norsk Entomologisk Forening, Oslo.

Om noen norske arter av slekten Atheta Ths. 

(Col., Staphylinidae) 



Abstract: STRAND, A. 1968. Ober einige norwegische Arten der Gattung Atheta (Col., Staphylinidae). 


Der Verfasser teilt einige norwegische Funde van Atheten mit und rnacht u. a. darauf aufmerksam, 

dass die van Munster beschriebene Atheta taxiceroides mit der friiher beschriebenen subquadrata Sharp 

identisch zu sein scheint. 

A theta (Microdota) nesslingi Bernh. Arten er 

has oss tidligere bare kjent fra B0: Teksle i 

Numedal, men den 13/7 1964 fant jeg to eksemplarer 

i saft fra en bj0rkestubb pa On: Valasj0. 

Atheta (Atheta s. str.) divisa Mark. Jeg har 

tidligere (Strand 1959) redegjort for en del funn 

av denne arten med misdannet brystskjold. I 

10pet av de siste arene har jeg pa AK: Br0nn 

0ya, Asker funnet ytterligere 9 eksemplarer 

med svakt til meget sterkt uttrukne bakhj0rner 

pa brystskjoldet, to av dem symmetriske, 

de 0vrige til dels meget sterkt asymmetriske, 

mest i h0nselort, men ogsa i h0nse- og paddekadaver 

og et eksemplar flygende. Funnene 

fordeler seg pa samtlige maneder fra mai til 

september. 

Merkelig nok ser det ut til at flere abnorme 

divisa ogsa er funnet i England sa langt tilbake 

som omkring arhundreskiftet. Saledes 

nevner Fowler og Donisthorpe (1913) f0lgende: 

'H. (Atheta) divisa, Mark., var. blatchi, Ellis, 

Ent. Rec. 1901, p. 251. H. angulata, Fowler 

and Sharp Cat., 1893. A very distinct form 

differing from the type in that the base of the 

thorax is much wider than the elytra owing to 

the strongly developed posterior angles. 

Taken by the late Mr. W. F. Blatch in dead 

moles and hedgehogs at Knowle, Warwickshire. 

Mr. Willoughby Ellis, who described this form 

in honour of Mr. Blatch, has also taken it in 

similar situations.' 

Det er her ikke nevnt noe om hvorvidt 

brystskjoldet var symmetrisk eller ikke. Nrermest 

ligger det vel a tro at det gjelder symmetriske 

eksemplarer, da det er lite trolig at 

de ellers ville bli gitt srerskilt navn. 

Atheta (Atheta s. str.) subquadrata Sharp. 

Arten er beskrevet etter en 'i' fra Brockenhurst 

i New Forest, England. Beare (1930) har den 

med i sin katalog, og Brundin (1953) har unders0kt 

typen, som han mener er angusticollis 

Ths. Joy (1932) har den derimot ikke med. 

For en tid siden fikk jeg fra Allen til unders0kelse 

en art som han mente er subquadrata. 

Den stemmer helt med to eksemplarer (3, 'i') 

fra New Forest, som jeg for mange ar siden 

fikk av Harwood, og som har f0lgende seddel: 

«?nitidicollis Fairm. det. Deville». Ved a unders0ke 

den nrermere viste den seg a vrere 

taxiceroides Munst. 

Allen har fors0kt a finne typen av subquadrata, 

men uten resultat. Derimot har han 

i British Museums materiale funnet en rekke 

eksemplarer, som han regner som subquadrata. 

De er alle fra New Forest. 

Det kan etter dette ikke avgj0res helt sikkert 

hva typen er, men da det er rimeligst a 

tro at det er den samme som taxiceroides, og 

da arten i England vil komme til a ga under 

navnet subquadrata, b0r Munsters navn trekkes 

inn som synonym. If0lge Brundin (1953) 

er nitidicollis Fairm. den samme som fungicola 

Ths.

62 A. STRAND 

Arten har en eiendommelig utbredelse, nemlig 

England (New Forest), N.-Norge (TRy: 

Oksfjorddal, TRi: MiUselv og Nordreisa) samt 

Beskidene. 

Atheta (Badura) puncticollis G. Benick. 

Denne arten er i N orge kjent fra f01gende steder: 

AK: R0a (A. Strand), B0: Lyngdal (Munster) 

og VE: Sand0y (A. Strand). Pa On: Valasj0 

i ca. 1000 m h0yde tok Anders Vik den 

10/8 1964 en c;?, som har en spermatheca som 

i form stemmer med de andre eksemplarer jeg 

har, men den er betydelig st0rre. Benick har 

sett eksemplaret og bekreftet at det er puncticollis. 

Atheta (Amischa) amplicollis Muls. & Rey. 

Kevan (1966) har publisert et funn av denne 

arten etter et eksemplar tatt i Cornwall. Det 

har va:rt unders0kt av Benick, som mener at 

det er amplicollis, uten a va:re helt sikker, mens 

Jarrige, som ogsa har sett eksemplaret, mener 

at det er en annen art. Det har ikke va:rt 

mulig a finne typemateriale. 

I materialet fra flom i Lysakerelva ved AK: 

R0a, Oslo, fant jeg den 13/5 1966 og den 15/5 

1967 over et halvt hundre eksemplarer som 

stemmer godt med Kevans beskrivelse. Bade 

Benick og Kevan har sett norske eksemplarer 

og bekrefter at det er samme art. 

Arten har tidligere va:rt regnet som synonym 

til fungi Gr., som den likner sterkt, men 

den er gjennomsnittlig st0rre med bredere og 

mer rundet brystskjold, m0rkere f0lehorn, tettere 

og mer bredmasket mikroskulptur pa bakkroppens 

ryggledd, og spermathecaen er betydelig 

st0rre. 

Kevan (1967) oppgir at en () som han har 

unders0kt, har en tydelig, stor punktgrube pa 

hver side av brystskjoldet et stykke fra midtlinjen 

og omkring Y3 fra roten, en karakter 

som han sier ville va:re meget nyttig, dersom 

det skulle vise seg at den er konstant. I mitt 

Mottatt 28. februar 1968 

materiale har jeg en c;? med to slike gruber, en 

c;? med en tydelig grube pa den ene siden og 

en svak pa den andre samt en c;? med grube 

bare pa den ene siden. Noe liknende ser det 

ogsa ut til a va:re hos Thiasophila wockei 

G. W. Schneider. Rorion (1967) nevner saledes 

at det i 0sterrike er funnet eksemplarer av 

denne art som har en slik punktgrube pa hver 

side av brystskjoldet (var. bifossulata Scheerp. 

i.I.). I mitt materiale av denne arten er det 

en rekke slike eksemplarer, men dybden av 

grubene varierer, og ogsa her er det et eksemplar 

som har sterkere grube pa den ene siden 

enn pa den andre. 

De kjente norske funn av amplicollis er: 

AK: Lommedal og R0a, B0: Svene, Nsi: Mo i 

Rana, Nnv: L0dingen og TRi: Malsnes. Pa de 

to sistnevnte steder ble den tatt ved sikting av 

tang i sj0kanten. 

LITTERATUR 

BEARE, T. HUDSON, 1930. A Catalogue ofthe recorded 

Coleoptera ofthe British Isles. London (55 p.). 

BRUNDIN, L. 1953. Neue palaearktische Arten der 

Gattung Atheta C. G. Thorns. Norsk ent. Tidsskr.9, 

1-17. 

FOWLER, W. W. & DONlSTHORPE, H. S. J. 1913. The 

Coleoptera ofthe British Islands. VI. London. (351 p.). 

HORION, A. 1967. Faunistik der mitteleuropaischen 

Kafer. Band XI. Staphylinidae. 3. Teil. Uberlingen 

Bodensee. (415 p.). 

JOY, N. H. 1932. A Practical Handbook of British 

Beetles. London. (622+194 p.). 

KEVAN, D. K. 1966. Atheta (Aerotona) amplicol/is 

(Mulsant & Rey) (Col., Staphylinidae) new to the 

British List. Entomologist's mono Mag. 101, 122-124. 

KEVAN, D. K. 1967. Atheta (Acrotona) amplicollis 

Mulsant & Rey (Col., Staphylinidae). Entomologist's 

mon.Mag.l02,272. 

STRAND, A. 1959. Misdannelser av brystskjoldet hos 

Atheta divisa Miirk. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 11, 43-45.

Uber die norwegischen Tabaniden (Diptera) 

HANS KAURI 


Abstract: KAURl, H. 1968. Ober die norwegischen Tabaniden (Diptera) Norsk ent. Tidsskr., 15, 63-64. 

Records of some horseflies in Norway are presented. To the species known from Norway may be added, 

Hybomitra distinguenda Verral, Tabanus glaucopis Meigen and Hexatoma pellucens Fabr. 

Die Tabanidenfauna Norwegens hat in der 

entomologisehen Literatur wenig Aufmerksamkeit 

gefunden. Die artliehe Zusammensetzung 

der Fauna sowie Verbreitung der Arten 

ist nieht naher bekannt. Ausserdem ist in 

den letzten Jahren die Synonymik vieler europaisehen 

Arten geklart und einige nomenklaturisehe 

Anderungen sind vorgesehlagen worden. 

Eine Veroffentliehung der bekanntgewordenen 

neuen Angaben findet dadurch ihre 

Bereehtigung. 

Eine Reihe kleinerer Sammlungen von Dr. 

A. Semb-Johansson, eand. mag. Tore Nielsen, 

dem Arzt Arne Nielsen und stud. real. Arne 

Fjellberg, die vom Verfasser bearbeitet worden 

sind, bilden die Unterlage dieses Verzeiehnisses. 

Die Namen der Sammler werden im 

folgenden verkiirzt gebraueht: SJ - A. Semb 

Johansson, AN - Arne Nielsen, TN - Tore 

Nielsen und AF - Arne Fjellberg. 

Hybomitra bimaculata Macq. (tropica auett., 

confinis Zett., collini Lyneborg, nee tropica 

L.): Vestfold (VE), TjI,1)me 20.6-14.7. AF; 

0stfold (0), S. Sand0Y 14.6-8.7. SJ. Diese 

Art hat sieher eine ausgedehnte Verbreitung 

im Lande, wegen der verwiekelten Synonymik 

aber miissen die alteren Angaben revidiert 

werden. 

Hybomitra conformis Frey (con finis Olsoufjev, 

nee confinis Zett.): Vestfold, Tj0me 6.6 

-20.6. AF. Die Art ist friiher flir Finnmark, 

Altafjordbotn, angegeben worden (Kauri 1964). 

In Sehweden ist conformis weit verbreitet von 

Sehonen bis Karesuando, Torne Lappmark 

(Kauri 1964). 

Hybomitra distinguenda Verral: Rogaland 

(R), Bratteb0 und Myrland TN; 0stfold, S. 

Sand0y SJ. Die Zeitangaben verteilen sieh vom 

30.6-8.7. Diese Art ist friiher in Norwegen 

nieht gefunden worden. Samtliehe Fundstellen 

liegen im Siiden des Landes. In Sehweden erreieht 

distinguenda langs der Kiiste der Ostsee 

Nederluleii 65° 35' n.Br. (Kauri 1954). 

Hybomitra lapponica Wahlberg: Hedmark 

(HE), Borkhus, Tolldal 22.7. TN. 

Hybomitra lundbecki Lyneborg (fulvicornis 

auett.): S0r-Tr0ndelag (ST), Kongsvoll, Gr0nbakken 

9.7. TN; Buskerud (BD), Gol 13.7. 

AN; 0stfold, S. Sand0y 17.6. SJ; Oslo, Sognsvann 

10.7. SJ. Diese Art ist in der alteren Literatur 

irrtiimlieh als fulvicornis Meigen bezeiehnet 

(Lyneborg 1959), oft aueh mit montana 

Meigen verweehselt worden. 

Hybomitra m. montana Meigen: Vestland, 

TN; Vestfold, Tj0me 19.7. AF; 0stfold, S. 

Sand0y 23.-29.7. SJ. Eine Revision der alteren 

Sammlungen ist notwendig, weil die Art 

of mit lundbecki, montana flaviceps und tropica 

verweehselt wird. 

Hyhomitra nigricornis Zett.: S0r-Tr0ndelag, 

Ghiili 28.7. TN; Hedmark, Borkhus, Tolldal 

22.7. TN.

Typhochraestus sylviae sp.n. and Panamomops mengei 

Simon (Araneae) in Norway 

ERLlNG HAUGE 


Abstract: HAUGE, E. 1968. Typhochraestlls sylviae sp.n. and Panamomops mengei Simon (Araneae) in 

Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15,65-69. 

During summer 1967 two species of the family Erigonidae (Araneae) were found in Ankenes, Nordland, 

in Northern Norway. TypllOc!7raestus sylviae sp.n. is described as new to science, and Panamomops mengei 

Simon is reported for the first time from Norway. Both species were found in the ground cover of a northfacing 

birch foresl about 200 m above sea level. 

During arachnological investigations made during 

the summer of 1967 in Nordland, Skjomenfjord 

in the Ankenes district, about 30 km 

south of Narvik, two species of the family 

Erigonidae, which deserve some attention, have 

been found. I have come to the conclusion that 

one of the species, Panamomops mengei, is 

new to Norway, and that the other, Typhocraestus, 

seems to be new to science. 

TYPHOCHRAESTUS SYLVIAE SPN. 

Description: 1 female. Total length: 1.88 mm, 

length and width of cephalothorax 0.76 and 

0.52 mm respectively. Width of head behind 

eyes 0.33 mm. Abdomen 1.26 mm. Measurements 

taken on legs I-IV (ta.-metat.-tib.-pat.fem.-tr.-cx.): 

Leg I (0.38 - 0.42 - 049 - 0.22 

0.58 - 0.07 - 0.14) = 2.40 mm, leg 11 (0.34 

0.36 - 0.43 - 0.20 - 0.54 - 0.06 - 0.14) = 2.07 

mm, leg III (0.32 - 0.34 - 0.36 - 0.18 - 0.50 

0.07 - 0.10) = 1.87 mm, leg IV (0.38 - 0.47 

0.61 - 0.21 - 0.74 - 0.06 - 0.10) = 2.62 mm. 

Length of legs in order: 4, 1, 2, 3. 

Cephalothorax oval, appears narrow, width 

of head about 73 of that of thorax. Viewed 

from above the clypeus is somewhat protruding. 

The profile of the cephalothorax shows a 

distinct convexity behind the posterior eyes, 

and immediately afterwards decreases, to slope 

5A-Norsk ent. Tidssk ... 

gently to a point situated at the beginning of 

the last 13 of the cephalothorax, after which it 

falls in a steeper line (Fig. 1). 

Posterior row of eyes slightly procurve. 

Distance between posterior medians equal to 

their diameter. Distance to the laterals is 

equal to the diameter of the laterals, which is 

slightly less than that of the medians (ca. :Vs). 

The diameter of the anterior lateral eyes is 

the same as the diameter of the posterior 

medians. Anterior medians about half the 

diameter of the laterals. 

Length of chelicerae 0.30 mm. Posterior 

margin has 5 small teeth, close to each other. 

Anterior margin with 6 larger teeth. The 

outermost one is a little smaller than the 

others, which are of approximately the same 

size and at equal distance from each other, 

Fig. I. TypllOchraesfus sylviae, profile of cephalothorax

Table I. Measurements of Panamomops mengei 

(in mm). Length of abdomen to the tips of 

the spinnerets 

TYPHOCHRAESTUS SYLVIAE AND PANAMOMOPS MENGEI 67 

Specimens 

2 3 Mean 

Total length 1.45 1.55 1.47 1.49 

Length of 

cephalothorax 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 

Width of ceph.th. 

0.49 0.49 0.51 0.50 

Width of head 

behind eyes 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.32 

Width of ocular 

area 0.26 0.25 0.27 0.26 

Length of med. 

eye trapezium 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.13 

Clypeus 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 

Length of 

abdomen 0.98 1.02 1.06 1.02 

Length of 

chelicerae 0.22 0.26 0.23 0.24 

Width of sternum 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.36 

Length of sternum 0.39 0.39 0.43 0.40 

species is therefore the only one that has 

Tml + 11 > 0.5. 

As to the size of the eyes and the distances 

between them, there are similarities, except 

that in brucei the anterior laterals are the 

largest ones, and in tenuis the distance between 

posterior medians and laterals is less than their 

diameter. The posterior row of eyes is slightly 

recurve on digitatus, on tenuis almost straight, 

on my specimen slightly procurve and on 

hrucei it is clearly procurve. 

Number of teeth on anterior margin of 

chelicerae is 6 and corresponds to digitatus; 

brucei and tenuis are both reported to have 5 

teeth. 

The ratio length of ta./metat. on my specimen 

is: 0.91(1), 0.94(11), 0.94(III), 0.80(IV). 

These are somewhat higher values than those 

for digitatus. According to Holm (1943) the 

anterior tarses are almost as long as the metatarses 

on tenuis. The same is reported of hrueel. 

5B-Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 

The epigyne, Fig. 2, is similar to that of 

digitatus (Wiehle 1960, Fig. 602 and Locket 

& Millidge (1953», but lacks the tongueshaped 

anterior part found on tenuis (Holm 

1943, T. 11, Fig. 19), and IS very different 

from the epigyne of brucei (Tullgren 1955, T. 

XIV, Fig. 41 a). 

The vulva (Fig. 3) differs from that of 

digitatus (Wiehle 1960) in the shape of the 

ducts leading from the receptaculae seminis to 

Table 11. Measurements of legs of Panamomops 

mengei made dorsally. Length of tarses to 

the basis of the claws. Total length of legs = 

the sum of the lengths of the articulates 

Tarse I 

Metat. I 

Tibia I 

Patella I 

Femur I 

Troch. I 

Coxa I 

Tarse 11 

Metat.I1 

Tibia 11 

Pat. 11 

Femur 11 

Troch.I1 

Coxa 11 

Tarse III 

Metat. III 

Tibia III 

Pat. III 

Femur 111 

Troch.1I1 

Coxa III 

Tarse IV 

Metat. IV 

Tibia IV 

Pat. IV 

Femur IV 

Troch. IV 

Coxa IV 

Length inmm 

2 

3 

Total length 

3 Mean 

0.30 0.29 0.31 

0.33 0.32 0.35 

0.39 0.39 0.39 

0.18 0.18 0.20 1.93 1.93 2.04 1.97 

0.49 0.49 0.51 

0.08 0.08 0.10 

0.16 0.18 0.18 

0.28 0.28 0.27 

0.31 0.31 0.31 

0.35 0.35 0.35 

0.19 0.18 0.18 1.79 1.79 1.80 1.79 

0.45 0.45 0.45 

0.08 0.06 0.08 

0.13 0.16 0.16 

0.25 0.24 0.26 

0.29 0.29 0.29 

0.28 0.29 0.28 

0.18 0.18 0.20 1.50 1.61 1.65 1.62 

0.39 0.39 0.39 

0.08 0.06 0.08 

0.13 0.16 0.15 

0.28 0.29 0.26 

0.37 0.37 0.38 

0.46 0.47 0.47 

0.18 0.18 0.18 2.09 2.10 2.07 2.09 

0.52 0.52 0.52 

0.1 0 0.08 0.1 0 

0.18 0.19 0.16 

2

68 E. HAUGE 

Table Ill. Positions of spines on tibia I-IV in 

Panamomops mengei. A and B refers to proximal 

and distal spines of the tibia 

Specimens 

Tibia 2 3 Mean 

II 

A 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 

B 0.70 0.75 0.75 0.73 

A 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.13 

B 0.67 0.72 0.72 0.71 

III 0.17 0.20 0.17 0.18 

IV 0.28 0.27 0.25 0.27 

Table IV. Positions of trichobothriums on the 

metatarsus I-Ill in Panamomops mengei 

Specimens 

Metat. 2 3 Mean 

I 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.32 

II 0.33 0.34 0.31 0.33 

III 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 

the vagina. There are also differences from 

tenuis (Holm 1943, Fig. 14 a) and brucei (Tullgren 

1955, Fig. 41 b) in the site of the openings 

of the copulatory ducts. 

As to the length of the species, my specimen 

is, at 1.88 mm, much longer than digitatus 

(1.4-1.5 mm) (Wiehle 1960), and somewhat 

longer than tenuis (1.7 mm) (female) (Holm 

1943) and brucei (1.6 mm) (Tullgren 1955). 

Holotypus: 1 female, Zoological Museum, 

University of Bergen. 

PANAMOMOPS MENGEl SIMON (T/SO 

NEMORALIS HOLM 1939, PANAMOMOPS 

SULeIFRONS HACKMAN 1951) 

Found 19-VI-1967, about 200 m above sea 

level, among wet detritus in north-facing birch 

forest, with undergrowth dominated by Dryopteris 

and a thin, discontinuous moss cover 

(mainly Hylocomium), 3 females. 

Some measurements from my 3 specimens 

are shown in Table I. 

Spine formula on tibias I-IV is 2211, as recorded 

by Holm (1939). According to Wiehle 

(1960). P. mengei has spine formula 2221. 

The positions of tibia spines of my 3 specimens 

are given in Table HI. The mean value 

of the ratio between the length of tibia spine 

IV and the diameter of the tibia is 1.4. The 

corresponding ratio on tib. I-IH is about 1.25. 

The ratios, length of metat. I/tarsus I, are 

1.10; 1.1 0 and 1.13, mean 1.11. The corresponding 

ratios on leg IV are 1.33; 1.28 and 

1.46, mean = 1.36. 

The ratios, length of metat. I/diam. metat. I, 

are 4.9; 4.9 and 4.3, mean = 4.7. 

Posterior eyes of equal size, distance between 

medians equal to their diameter, dis- 

Fig. 4. Panamomops mengei, epigyne, ca.220x. 

0.1 ",m 

Fig. 5. Panamomops mengei, vulva.

tance to the laterals about 1.25 times their 

diameter. Posterior row of eyes slightly procurve. 

Each patella has a strong dorsal, apical spine. 

The same is found on the palpal tibias. 

Cephalothorax is broad, and likewise the 

head. Profile of cephalothorax as recorded by 

Holm (1939, Fig. 17a). 

Cephalothorax is brownish-grey suffused 

with black, dark 6-sided spot behind eyes, 

dark radial lines and dark margins. Ocular 

area is black. The middle of the clypeus is suffused 

with black. Sternum is dark, smooth and 

arched. Dark edges on coxae. Chelicerae yellow-brown 

suffused with black. 

Posterior margin of chelicerae has 5 small 

teeth of equal size, close to each other. Anterior 

margin has 6 larger teeth, the 4 outermost 

of equal size, close together, then one 

still larger, and the innermost much smaller. 

At the front of chelicerae, somewhat above 

the large tooth, are two small hook-like teeth. 

Epigyne (Fig. 4), and vulva (Fig. 5), accord 

to a large extent with drawings made by 

Wiehle (1960) and Holm (1939). 

Species found in the same sample as P. mengei: 

Tapinocyba pallens (Cambr.), Trichop- 


TYPHOCHRAESTUS SYLVIAE AND PANAMOMOPS MENGEI 69 

tema mengei (Simon), Robertus scoticus Jackson, 

Ceratinella brevipes (Westr.). 

For synonyms of Panamomops mengei see 

Miller (1959). 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 

Dr. H. Kauri, director of the Zoological Museum, 

has helped me carry out this work. 

REFERENCES 

HACKMAN, W. 1951. Contributions to the knowledge 

of Finnish spiders. Memo. Soc. Fauna Florafenn. 27, 

69-79. 

HOLM, A. 1939. Neue Spinnen aus Schweden. Ark. 

Zoo!., 31a (8), 1-38. 

HOLM, A. 1943. Uber einige Spinnengattungen. Ark. 

Zoo!., 34a (19), 1-32. 

LOCKET, G. H. & MILLIDGE, A. F. 1953. British Spiders 

II. Ray Society, London. (449 pp.) 

MILLER, F. 1959. Einige neue oder unvolIkommen 

bekannte Spinnenarten aus der Familie der Erigoniden. 

Sb. ent. Odd. nar. Mus. Praze. 33, 41-59. 

TULLGREN, A. 1955. Zur Kenntnis schwedischer 

Erigoniden, Ark. Zoo!. 7, 295-389. 

WIEHLE, H. 1960. Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea 

(Araneae), XI: Micryphantidae - Zwergspinnen. 

Tierwe!t Dt!., Teil47, (620 pp.)

New Records of Fleas from Norway 

REIDAR MEHL 

Zoological Museum, University of Oslo, Norway 

Abstract: MEHL, R. 1968. New Records of Fleas from Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 70. 

The following species of fleas are reported from Norway: Archaeopsylla e. erinacei (Bouche, 1835), 

Chaetopsylla globiceps (Taschenberg, 1880), Ischnopsyllus octactenus (Kolenati, 1856), Ceratophyllus 

l'agabundus (Boheman, 1866) and Ceratophyllus fringillae (Walker, 1856). 

In three previous papers (Mehl 1967a, b, c) I 

have published records of 16 species of fleas 

not earlier reported from Norway. This paper 

adds four species and gives a record of a fifth, 

little known species from this country. According 

to their formerly known distribution, 

the five species were expected to be found at 

the new localities. Forty-eight species of fleas 

are now known from Norway. 

My specimens are kept at the Zoological 

Museum in Oslo. 

Archaeopsylla erinacei erinacei (Bouche, 

1835). 1 3 1 '¥ ex Erinaceus europaeus L. Botanical 

Garden, T0yen, Oslo 27 May and 26 

June 1967, leg. R. Meh!. 2 3 5 '¥ ex E. europaeus 

SimensbriHen, Oslo 7 December 1967, 

leg. J. Teig. 

Chaetopsylla globiceps (Taschenberg, 1880) 

1 '¥ Vulpes vulpes L. from Heggedal, Asker, 

Akershus February 1967, leg. Fossum jr. 

This species is mentioned as occurring in 

Norway by Smit (1966) in his catalogue of the 

fleas of Switzerland, but as far as I know no 

further information has been published. 

Ischnopsyllus octactenus (Kolenati, 1856) 

2 Q ex Pipistrellus pipistrellus Schreber, Sundet, 

Eidsvoll, Akershus in the spring 1956, leg. 

R. Meh\. 

Ceratophyllus vagabundus (Boheman, 1866) 


1 '¥ from nest materials of Phalacrocorax aristotelis 

L. gathered by G. Lid on Rund0y, 

Her0y, Sunnm0re, 16 June 1967. Unfortunately, 

the subspecies could not be determined. 

Ceratophyllus fringillae (Walker, 1856) 1 3 

from a nest of Sturnus vulgaris L. collected by 

J. A. Pedersen at S0ras, As, Akershus 6 June 

1967. 


Thanks are due to the following persons for 

help in collecting hosts, nest materials and 

fleas: Curator J. A. Pedersen, preparators L. 

Blomberg and J. Teig, and cand. mag. G. Lid, 

all at the Zoological Museum in Oslo; and Mr. 

Fossum jr., Oslo. 

REFERENCES 

MEHL, R. 1967a. Fleas (Siphonaptera) new to Norway. 


MEHL, R. I967b. Fleas (Siphonaptera) and nests of 

Delichon urbica on cliffs. Fauna, Oslo 20, 168-175 (In 

Norwegian). 

MEHL, R. 1967c. Investigations on ectoparasitic 

insects on birds and mammals in South-Varanger, 

North Norway 1966. Fauna, Oslo 20, 195-201 (In 

Norwegian). 

SMIT, F. G. A. M. 1966. Siphonaptera. Insecta Hell'etica, 

Catalogus I Lausanne. (106 pp.)

The Larva of Miscodera arctica Payk. (Col., Carabidae) 

JOHAN ANDERSEN 

Trams" Museum, Tramso 

Abstract: ANDERSEN, J. 1968. The larva of Miscodera arctica Payk. (Col. Carabidae). Norsk ent. 

Tidsskr. 15, 71-74. The larva of Miscodera arctica Payk. is described. Its relationship to Broscussp. is evident 

but it is easily separated from this genus by, among other things, such characters as shape of nasale, 

absence of cervical groove and keel, laterally marginated tergites and shape of cerci. 

The larva of the monotypic genera Miscodera 

with the species M. arctica has hitherto been 

unknown (Lindroth 1961) and a description is 

therefore given in the following. 

The material comprises three larvae, obviously 

in the third stage according to the ratio 

between adult length and head width of the 

larvae (Emden 1942). They were collected on 

5 September 1967 about I km N of Frihetsli 

in, Dividalen in TRi., and were found under 

stones on rather dry, sparsely vegetated moraine 

(sand-silt mixture). 

Two Miscodera arctica adults were collected 

in the same habitat, and Bembidion grapei 

Gyll. and Amara quenseli Schl. occurred rather 

abundantly. Two of the larvae were killed and 

preserved in alcohol, while I tried to rear the 

third one into an imago. However, the larva 

died on 27 October. It was kept in a glass with 

earth at room-temperature and small, dead insects 

were available as food. Although the 

identification has not been verified by rearing 

to the imago stage, the following facts place 

the larva without doubt in Miscodera arctica: 

the larvae are distinctly different from all 

other known carabid larvae, but some fundamental 

characters make it certain that they belong 

to the tribe Broscini. Miscodera arctica 

is the only member of the tribe recorded from 

Northern Norway (Lindroth 1960). 

NOTES ON LIFE HISTORY 

Larsson (1939) regards Miscodera arctica as an 

autumn breeder, whereas Lindroth (1945, 1961) 

is of the opinion that it hibernates as imago. 

In a footnote Lindroth (1945), however, mentions 

that the life cycle may take two years 

in the northernmost part of Fennoscandia. As 

the larvae were taken as late as the beginning 

of September and as one of them had still not 

pupated at the end of October, it is probable 

that larvae, as well as imagines, hibernate. 

More material is, however, needed to work 

out the life history of the species in detail. 

DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA 

Total length: about 10-11 mm, length of head 

from tip of nasale to end of epicranial suture: 

0.8-0.9 mm; width between ocelli: 0.9-1.0 mm. 

Least pigmented parts of head and pronoturn, 

as well as legs, orange or brownish 

orange. Parts of head and pronotum and most 

of mesonotum, metanotum and tergites brown 

or dark brown. Ventral side of head brownish 

orange, ventrites pale greyish brown, 

easily separated from rest of ventral side of 

abdominal segments by their pigmentation. 

Ocellar area black. Entire surface shiny. without 

visible microsculpture. 

Head (Fig. 1) from tip of nasale to end of 

epicranial suture a little shorter than width between 

ocelli. Total length of head (length 

measured from tip of nasale to mid point of 

an imaginary line drawn between hindmost 

parts of head) longer than width. Neck not 

present, without cervical groove and keel. Distribution 

of setae on head roughly as in Fig. 1. 

Ocelli six, well developed, ocellar area without 

distinct sulcus posteriorly and dorsally. Epicranial 

suture developed, but rather short, about

First tergite (Fig. 2b) about twice as broad as 

long. Tergites with about 27-34 setae on each 

half of median line. Postscutum suggested by 

longitudinal grooves and absence of setae. Prescutum 

without grooves, well defined by the 

margination anteriorly. Tergites very distinctly 

marginated laterally, too. Sclerites on lateroventral 

side (Fig. 2c) consisting of ventrite, two 

pairs of postventrites, a pair of hypopleurites 

and some praeventrites of which one pair is 

distinct, whereas the others are more or less 

indistinctly defined. 

Cerci (Fig. 3 a and b) firmly fixed to ninth 

abdominal segment, rather strong, but short, 

not much longer than tenth abdominal segment. 

Cerci with strong, setiferous nodes with 

about 14 setae each. 

DISCUSSION 

The larva of Miscodera is distinguished from 

the larva of Broscus cephalotes L. by the characters 

given in Table 1. Most of them seem to 

hold good for separation of Miscodera arctica 

from the entire genera Broscus, according to 

the key given by Emden (1942), perhaps with 

the exception of characters I, 4 and 8. M iscodera 

is smaller than even the first stage larva 

of Broscus cephalotes; the length of head from 

tip of nasale to end of epicranial suture is less 

than 1.0 mm in Miscodera, more than 1.0 mm 

in Broscus. Miscodera is separated from Axonya, 

according to Emden (1942), by the absence 

of the inner lobe of the maxillae, by 

the presence of penicillus on mandibles and 

two distinct spines on the claw. 

By means of imaginal characters, Ball (1956), 

in his systematic study of Broscini, divides the 

tribe into three sub-tribes. The genera Axonya, 

Broscus and Miscodera all belong to one of 

them: Broscina. The author further arranges 

the genera within the subtribe in three groups, 

of which one is made up of the single genus 

Axonya, whereas Miscodera and Brosclls are 

put in another, consisting of Oriental-Palaearctic-Nearctic 

genera (excl. Axonya). This separation 

even seems very natural according to 

larval characters. Although the larva of Misco- 

THE LARVA OF MISCODERA ARCTICA PAYK. 73 

b 

a 

Fig. 3. a-b. Miscodera arctica Payk. a. Side view of 9th 

and 10th abdominal segment. Only the right cerci 

drawn. b. 9th abdominal segment. Dorsal view. 

dera has some characters in common with 

Axonya (laterally marginated tergites, short 

cerci) the relationship with Brosclls evidently 

is more fundamental: inner lobe of maxillae 

absent, penicillus present, and, above all, by 

the presence of the spines on the cIaw. Since 

Broscus, according to imaginal characters, is 

put in one group within the holarctic Broscina,

Acrotrichis insularis (Maklin, 1852) (Col., Ptiliidae) 

Designation of Lectotype and Redescription 

EIVIND SUNDT 

S6ndre Oppegard, Svartskog, Norway 

Abstract: SUNDT, E. 1968. Acrotrichis insu/aris (Miiklin, 1852) (Col., Ptiliidae), designation of lectotype 

and redescription. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 75-77. The present article gives a redescription and lectotypedesignation 

of a new palearctic species, Acrotrichis insu/aris (Miiklin, 1852). The author establishes 

Aerotrichis sitcaensis (Motschulsky, 1842) as a nomen dubium. 

INTRODUCTION 

At Prestbakke in Idd, 0stfold (0 13), during 

the summer of 1965, Dr. Nf Bakke collected 

three specimens of an Acrotrichis species not 

previously found in the palearctic region. The 

specimens were taken in an insect trap in 

flight. Dr. Andreas Strand, to whom Bakke 

gave the specimens, sent them to me for examination. 

They proved to be of the same 

species as Miiklin described in 1852 under the 

name Trichopteryx insularis from specimens 

collected by Holmberg on the island of Sitka 

on the west coast of Alaska. Later, Bakke 

collected the species in flight at (AK 6), As in 

Akershus, and Strand has found it underneath 

an old moose cadaver in Sorkedalen near Oslo. 

Subsequently, insu/aris was reported from 

England as found beneath old hay in Yorkshire 

(Johnson 1966). 

Acrotrichis insularis has had a modest and 

secluded existence in literature. Apart from 

the description in 1852, it is only mentioned as 

a valid species by Motschulsky (1868) together 

with sitcaensis Motschulsky, 1845, while 

Matthews (1872) synonymizes the two species 

and gives priority to sitcaensis, which was described 

seven years earlier. Later authors, including 

Csiki (1911), have followed Matthews' 

indication with the consequence that insularis, 

for nearly one hundred years, has led a 

Sleeping Beauty existence as a synonym to 

which little attention has been paid. 

In order to clear up the identity of the 

species, I approached the museums in Helsinki 

and Moscow, where Miiklin's and Motschulsky's 

collections respectively are kept, with a 

request to be sent for examination any material 

available of the species concerned. Dr. 

Zhelochovtsev of Zoological Museum, Moscow, 

informed me, however, that there is no specimen 

of sitcaensis in Motschulsky's collection, 

nor is there any label. Acrotrichis sitcaensis 

(Motschulsky 1845) is consequently a nomen 

dubium because of incomplete description 

and the lack of type specimen (Sundt 1958a). 

DESIGNATION OF LECTOTYPE 

Fourteen specimens of insularis are in the 

Zoological Museum, Helsinki, and all of them 

have been sent me for examination. Ten of the 

specimens are labelled 'Sitca', 'Holmberg', 

whereas the other four, mounted, moreover, 

on the same cardboard, are labelled 'Trichopteryx 

insularis Miiklin. Amer. Bor.'. The handwriting 

on this label is not that of Miiklin. I 

see no reason to throw doubt upon the syntypical 

value of the ten first-mentioned specimens, 

whereas I do not consider the last four 

to belong to the original type-material.

forest refuse underneath cadaver of moose and 

racoon, in compost as well as in rotten fungi. 

Because of the long elytra and the narrow 

pronotum, insularis can easily be confused 

with arnoldi Rossk. and silvatica Rossk. Besides 

with the help of the spermatheca, it can 

be distinguished from both of these species by 

a somewhat considerably larger size; from 

silvatica, moreover, by the basal arch being 

evenly rounded, never angle-shaped. 

I have seen a large number of specimens 

both from the palearctic and the nearctic region 

without finding a 0, and I consider it not 

impossible that insularis, like some other nearctic 

Acrotrichis species, can be parthenogenetic. 

In all probability, insularis will prove to 

have a considerable distribution. 


I acknowledge my indebtedness to the following 

institutions and individuals for loan of 

specimens, information and other assistance: 

Zoological Museum, Helsinki (Dr. M. Meinander, 

Dr. P. Kontkanen), Zoological Museum, 

Received 2 April 1968 

ACROTRICHIS INSULARIS 77 

Moscow (Dr. A. Zhelochovtsev), Dr. H. S. 

Dybas, Chicago, Mr. Colin Johnson, Manchester, 

Dr. Andreas Strand, Oslo, and Mr. A. 

Vik, Sandefjord. 

REFERENCES 

CSIKI, E. 1911. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 32. 

Berlin. (61 pp.) 

JOHNSON, C. 1966. Two species of Acrotriclris new to 

Britain (Col., Ptiliidae). Entomologist, 152-154. 

MATTHEWS, A. 1872. Triclropterygia Illustrata et 

Descripta. London. (188 pp.) 

MAKLIN, F. W. 1852. In Mannerheim, C. G. von: 

Zweiter Nachtrag zur Kaferfauna der Nord-Amerikanischen 

Lander des Russischen Reiches. Bull. Soc. 

Nat. Moscou XXV, 283-387. 

MOTSCHULSKY, V. VON 1845. Ober die Ptilien Russlands. 

Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou XVIII, 504-539. 

MOTSCHULSKY, V. VON 1868. Enumeration des 

nouvelles especes de Coleopteres rapportes de ses 

voyages. 6-ieme article. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou XLI, 

170-201. 

SUNDT, E. 1958a. Contributions to the knowledge of 

the family Ptiliidae (Col.) I-Ill. Norsk ent. Tidsskr.10, 

173-180. 

SUNDT. E. 1958b. Revision of the Fenno-Scandian 

species of the genus Acrotriclris Motsch., 1848. Norsk 

ent. Tidsskr. 10,241-277.

levevis og klassifisering. Avsnittet om innsamling, 

preparering og oppbevaring er meget verdiful1t i 

en bok som denne. Anvisningen om hvor det n13dvendige 

lltstyr kan skaffes, ma ogsa hilses med 

glede. Oversikten over danske og norske insektnavn 

er ikke helt tilfredsstil1ende for de norske 

navns vedkommende, men sa har vi hel1er ikke 

hatt noen fortegnelse over norske navn som kan 

vrere til hjelp for utenlandske forfattere. 

St13rsteparten av boken, over 300 av 380 sideI' 

er systematikk, og bind I omfatter de f13rste insektordener 

til og med Hemiptera. Den systematiske 

del starter med en bestemmelsestabel1 over 

insektordnene i Nordell. Ogsa larvene kommer 

med i tabellen, noe sikkert mange viI finne svrert 

nyttig. Tabel1ene for13vrig gar til familier og siekter, 

i til1egg kommer under mange av slektene, 

verdifulle opplysninger om artene. Etter hver 

orden f13lger en oversikt over den viktigste litteraturen. 

Boken er rikt illustrert med gode strektegningel', 

over 900 i tallet. Figurforklaringene er tatt 

inn i teksten. For den systematiske del er dette helt 

tilfredsstil1ende. Nar det gjelder oversiktstegningene 

over insektenes bygning, hadde det vrert en 

fordel med en figurtekst, el1er at forklaringen i 

teksten kom pa motsatt side av tegningen. Slik 

ordningen er, ma en stadig bla fram og tilbake. 

Men innvendingene er sma i forhold til alle de 

positive sideI' ved boken. Vi har i Faltfaunaen fatt 

en handbok som vii v

80 BOKANMELDELSER 

mal. sa gjclder det fNst og fremst en del detaljer. 

De sosiale insektene behandles hovedsaklig i kapitlet 

etologi. En sadan behandling gir visserlig 

en tilstrekkelig oppfatning av kontaktsystem individcne 

imcllom, orienteringsmulighetene i miljoet 

m.m., men meget mangler. Med tanke pa den store 

betydning, bade den teoretiske og praktiske, som 

disse insekter har, villc en fyldigere behandling av 

ternact va:rt onskelig, enten i form av et eget kapitel 

eller inntatt i en annen avdeling. 

Avsllittet «tillempet entomologi» har fatt en 

gjengs utforming med oversikt over skadeinsekter 

og bekjempningsmetoder. Avsnittet har sin store 

verdi i den mangcsidige behandlingen av bekjempningsmetodene 

og i de kritiske synspunktene mot 

kjemisk bekjempning som fremlegges. Hva man 

ytterligere skulle ha onsket seg er at bekjempningsproblematikken 

ville ha va:rt lagt opp pa 

populasjonsokologisk basis. Dette fremforaIt med 

tanke pa kjemisk bekjempning, som jo tross alt 

er og forblir brukt i det minste en viss tid fremover. 

De anvendte giftene virker jo til en viss grad 

selektivt, avhengig av artenes ulike motstandskraft, 

spredning, giftstoffets fordeling m.m. Effekten pa 

dyresamfundet (enten pa balansert naturlig, eller 

en endret sadan i agrarlandskapet gjor den samme), 

kan ikke uten videre forutsies. Folgen har ofte 

blitt at man har oppnadd en motsatt effekt i forhold 

til den onskede. 

En innforing i denne problematikk hadde va:rt 

verdifull. Et par sideI' ekstra tekst hadde va:rt nok. 

Med denne bok har vi fatt et verk av meget hoY 

kvalitet som kan likestilles med de beste som fins 

pa omradet. Den er uunnva:rlig ved den akademiske 

undervisningen og passeI' godt til a brukes 

som handbok av gymnasiela:rere, praktiske zoologer, 

m. fl. interesserte. 

Hails Kauri

Det vii nok forbause mange at f0rstekonservator, 

cand. real. Nils Knaben fyller 70 ar 24. 

juli 1968. Fa har alderen r0ynet mindre pa og 

f0rst na - nar han faller for aldersgrensen 

- blir vi minnet om at ogsa han ma ha blitt 

eldre med arene. 

Nils Knaben er f0dt i Vanse pa Lista. Han 

tok artium pa Voss Off. Landsgymnas 1921, 

gjennemgikk Pedagogisk seminar 1927 og fullf0rte 

matematisk-naturvitenskapelig embetseksamen 

1930. Han deltok i Norges Svalbard- og 

Ishavsunders0kelser somrene 1929-30 og var 

vitenskapelig assistent ved Universitetet i Oslo, 

Zoologisk Laboratorium fra 1930 inntil han i 

1933 ble ansatt som konservator ved Bergens 

Museum, evertebratsamlingen ved Zoologisk 

avdeling. I 1938 gikk han over i amanuensisstillingen 

ved C. Sundts lrerestol i zoologi 

samme sted og siden 1946 har han vrert konservator, 

fra 1955 f0rstekonservator ved Universitetet 

i Oslo, den marine vertebratavdelingen 

pa Zoologisk Museum. 

Fra 1955 til dags dato har han vrert sensor 

i zoologi ved Norges Landbruksh0yskole og 

1956-66 har han arvisst vrert pa Biologisk 

stasjon i Dr0bak og holdt kurs i bunnfaunaen 

for zoologistudenter. Han er korresponderende 

medlem av Troms0 Museum. 

Gymnasietiden pa Voss hvor entomologen, 

lektor Nils Gr0nlien virket, ma ha vrert inspirerende 

ar for savel lrerer som elev, og srerlig 

ble begges interesse for lepidopterne til gjensidig 

nytte og glede helt inntil Gr0nlien d0de 

i 1939. Pa den tid var Knaben amanuensis i 

Bergen; men da hans sjef, professor dr. A. 

Brinkmann, oppfordret ham til a overta denne 

stillingen for a dra nytte av hans pedagogiske 

evner i undervisningen, hadde Knaben forbeholdt 

seg a bruke all disponibel tid til de entomologiske 

samlingene. Takket vrere hans initiativ 

kom derfor bI. a. Gr0nliens samlinger til 

Universitetet i Bergen (davrerende Bergens 

Museum). Ved a inkorporere dem, samt sin 

6-Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 

NUs Knaben 70 ar 

egen og sin brors sirlig preparerte samlinger, 

i museets lepidoptersamling, ble denne ikke 

bare mangedoblet men representativ for srerlig 

den s0rnorske makro-Iepidopterfauna. Gr0nliens 

og Knabens materiale av bladminerende 

insekter er vel den mest representative norske 

samling av denne gruppen. Innen han forlot 

Bergen rakk han enn videre a bestemme mindre 

samlinger av bl. a. Heteroptera, Orthoptera, 

aculeate Hymenoptera hvilket vitner om hvilken 

all round systematiker han er. Hans entomologiske 

virksomhet i Bergen forberedte 

utvilsomt opprettelsen av museets entomologiske 

avdeling i 1949. 

Det var sorg blant entomologene da Knaben 

gikk over til marin zoologi, men det viser 

hvilken allsidig zoolog han er. Ogsa her har 

han f0rst og fremst satt sine krefter inn i arbeidet 

med de vitenskapelige samlingene og 

for 0vrig vendte han tilbake til studiet av sekkdyrene, 

Tunicata som han hadde syslet litt 

med i tredvearene. 

Knabens produksjon gjenspeiler ogsa hans 

allsidighet. De fleste arbeider er systematiskfaunistiske 

og behandler diverse lepidoptere 

foruten en oversikt over Norges Orthoptera. 

Hans publikasjoner over biologiske og cytologiske 

unders0kelser av bladmineren Tischeria 

angusticolella (Duponchel), embryologien hos 

visse sekkdyr og deres utvikling ved varierende 

saltholdighet og temperaturer, viser hvor godt 

han behersker de ulike disipliner av zoologien 

og er like fortrolig med felt- og laboratorieunders0kelser 

som det museale arbeide. Hans 

populariserende evner kommer srerlig til syne 

i bidragene til Norges Dyreliv. 

Knaben har aldri sviktet sin klokkerkjrerlighet 

til entomologien. Selv om han gar stille i 

d0rene har han helt fra han i 1922 kom med 

i Norsk Entomologisk Forening vrert medlemmenes 

gode st0tte og ridgiver. Hans viktigste 

tillitsverv er vel som redakt0r av Norsk Entomologisk 

Tidsskrift 1957-1965. Sikkert et byr-

82 PERSONALIA 

defullt verv for denne vennes

N orsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift publishes papers 

in English, French, German and Norwegian. When 

preparing typescripts for submission, authors 

should refer to current copies of the journal and 

follow the style of the journal as closely as 

possible. 

MANUSCRIPTS 

Manuscripts must be typewritten, double spaced 

throughout, on one side of the paper, with a wide 

margin. Authors should submit the original manuscript 

(not a copy) to the editor, whose address is 

shown on page 2 of the cover. 

Separate sheets should be used for the following: 

I) title page, giving the title, name and institution 

of the author; 2) the abstract, usually not 

exceeding 150 words; 3) references; 4) Tables; 

5) legends to Figures; 6) in the case of articles 

submitted in Norwegian, a summary and translation 

of Table headings and Figure legends in 

English, French or German. 

Brief Acknowledgements of grants and other 

assistance will be printed at the end of the text. 

FIGURES 

All illustrations are to be considered as Figures. 

Each graph, draWing or photograph should be 

numbered in sequence with arabic numerals, and 

should be indentified on the back by the name 

of the journal, the author's name, and the Figure 

number. The top should be indicated. The Figures 

should be the original drawings. The columns 

of Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift are 67 mm broad, 

and the size of the original drawings should be 

in proportion. Original drawings should preferably 

be 2-3 times larger than the planned illustrations. 

The lines on the original drawings should allow 

for reduction to a thickness of approximately 

0.3 mm. Lettering should be in black and large 

enough for reduction, considering that lettering 

and numerals should not be less than 2 mm high 

in the printed illustrations. Graphs should be 

plotted on plain white or blue squared paper; 

grid lines that are to show in the engravings 

should be inked in black. Photographs should be 

submitted as unmounted glossy enlargements 

showing good details. 

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS 

TABLES 

Tables are to be numbered consecutively with 

Roman numerals. Each Table should be typed on 

a separate sheet, with a descriptive heading ,that 

makes the Table self.explanatory. The approximate 

position of all Figures and Tables in the printed 

text should be indicated by writing their number 

in the margin. 

REFERENCES 

The Reference list, including all authors referred 

to, should be in alphabetical order. The international 

alphabetical order of Scandinavian and 

German vowels should be observed: A = A, 

AA = AA, lE and A = AE, 0 and 0 = OE, 

tr = UE. References to literature in the text 

should appear as follows: 'Von Porath (1891) collected 

... , according to Locket & Millidge (1951).' 

Multiple references: 'As several authors have 

reported (Palmgren 1963, Smetana 1965, Strand 

1966)', i.e. chronological order, no commas between 

name and year. Indicate 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc. works 

by the same author in the same year by a, b, c, 

etc., (Israelson 1966 a, b). No ditto signs should 

be used. Titles of journals should be abbreviated 

according to World List of Scientific Periodicals. 

Examples: 

L0KEN, A. 1964. Social wasps in Norway (Hymenoptera, 

Vespidae). Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 12, 195-218. 

SCHWARTS, R. J. 1955. The Complete Dictionary of 

Abbreviations. T. Y. Crowell Co., New York. 

WHITMAN, L. 1951. The arthropod vectors of yellow 

fever, pp. 229-298 in STRODE, K. (ed.), Yellow Fever. 

McGraw-Hill, New York and London. 

PROOFS 

Two copies of the first proof will be sent (page 

proof). One copy should be returned duly corrected 

with the least possible delay. All technical 

parts of the article, including references, names, 

figures (numbers, formulae), illustrations and so 

on, are the responsibility of the author. Authors 

will be required to pay for any major alterations 

they may make. 

REPRINTS 

Seventy-five reprints of each article will be supplied 

free. Additional reprints will be supplied at 

a charge.

NORSK ENTOMOLOGISK FORENING 

ser sin hovedoppgave i a fremme det entomologiske studium i Norge, og danne et bindeledd 

mellom de intereserte. S0knad om opptagelse i foreningen sendes formannen. Medlemskon 

tingenten er for tiden kr. 20.- pr. ar. Medlemll1er far tidsskriftet fritt tilsent. 

STYRET 

Formallll .. Profcssor, dr. HANS KAURI, Zoologisk muscum, Univcrsiletct i Bergen, Bergcn. Visl!ji:JrmoJlII: I

Studies on Norwegian Aphids - Norsk entomologisk forening

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?