Prefixes, Suffixes, and Combining Forms - Department of Education ...

A Dictionary <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>Prefixes</strong>, <strong>Suffixes</strong>, <strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>Combining</strong> <strong>Forms</strong><br />

from<br />

Websters Third New<br />

International Dictionary,<br />

Unabridged<br />

2002<br />

Websters Third New International Dictionary<br />

is now online<br />

visit www.Merriam-WebsterUnabridged.com<br />

for a 14-day free trial<br />

www.merriam-webster.com<br />

www.wordcentral.com

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Abbreviations in This Work<br />

The abbreviations in this list are regularized to one style without periods, although they may<br />

appear with periods in context, depending on whether printed in roman type or italics.<br />

abl<br />

acc<br />

act<br />

adj<br />

adv<br />

AF<br />

Alb<br />

alter<br />

anat<br />

aor<br />

Arm<br />

Av<br />

biol<br />

bot<br />

cgs<br />

chem<br />

comb. form<br />

conj<br />

contr<br />

crystallog<br />

D<br />

Dan<br />

dat<br />

dial<br />

dim<br />

E<br />

esp<br />

F<br />

fem<br />

fr<br />

freq<br />

fut<br />

G<br />

gen<br />

geol<br />

Gk<br />

Gmc<br />

Goth<br />

Hitt<br />

IE<br />

imit<br />

indic<br />

interj<br />

IrGael<br />

irreg<br />

ISV<br />

It<br />

ital<br />

L<br />

LGk<br />

lit<br />

Lith<br />

LL<br />

masc<br />

ablative<br />

accusative<br />

active<br />

adjective<br />

adverb<br />

Anglo-French<br />

Albanian<br />

alteration<br />

anatomy<br />

aorist<br />

Armenian<br />

Avestan<br />

biology<br />

botany<br />

centimeter-gram-second<br />

chemistry<br />

combining form<br />

conjunction<br />

contraction<br />

crystallography<br />

Dutch<br />

Danish<br />

dative<br />

dialect<br />

diminutive<br />

English<br />

especially<br />

French<br />

feminine<br />

from<br />

frequentative<br />

future<br />

German<br />

genitive<br />

geology<br />

Greek<br />

Germanic<br />

Gothic<br />

Hittite<br />

Indo-European<br />

imitative<br />

indicative<br />

interjection<br />

Irish Gaelic<br />

irregular<br />

International Scientific Vocabulary<br />

Italian<br />

italic<br />

Latin<br />

Late Greek<br />

literally<br />

Lithuanian<br />

Late Latin<br />

masculine<br />

MD<br />

ME<br />

med<br />

MF<br />

MGk<br />

MHG<br />

MIr<br />

ML<br />

modif<br />

n<br />

neut<br />

NL<br />

nom<br />

n pl<br />

obs<br />

OE<br />

OF<br />

OFris<br />

OHG<br />

OIr<br />

OL<br />

ON<br />

OPer<br />

OProv<br />

OPruss<br />

orig<br />

OS<br />

OScan<br />

OSlav<br />

OW<br />

part<br />

perh<br />

pers<br />

Pg<br />

pl<br />

prep<br />

pres<br />

prob<br />

pron<br />

Russ<br />

Sc<br />

sing<br />

Skt<br />

Sp<br />

specif<br />

superl<br />

Sw<br />

Toch A<br />

Turk<br />

usu<br />

var<br />

vb<br />

VL<br />

W<br />

Middle Dutch<br />

Middle English<br />

medicine<br />

Middle French<br />

Middle Greek<br />

Middle High German<br />

Middle Irish<br />

Medieval Latin<br />

modification<br />

noun<br />

neuter<br />

New Latin<br />

nominative<br />

noun plural<br />

obsolete<br />

Old English<br />

Old French<br />

Old Frisian<br />

Old High German<br />

Old Irish<br />

Old Latin<br />

Old Norse<br />

Old Persian<br />

Ool Provenal<br />

Old Prussian<br />

originally<br />

Old Saxon<br />

Old Sc<strong>and</strong>inavian<br />

Old Slavic<br />

Old Welsh<br />

participle<br />

perhaps<br />

person<br />

Portuguese<br />

plural<br />

preposition<br />

present<br />

probably<br />

pronoun<br />

Russian<br />

Scots<br />

singular<br />

Sanskrit<br />

Spanish<br />

specifically<br />

superlative<br />

Swedish<br />

Tocharian A<br />

Turkish<br />

usually<br />

variant<br />

verb<br />

Vulgar Latin<br />

Welsh

---

<strong>Prefixes</strong>, <strong>Suffixes</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>Combining</strong> <strong>Forms</strong><br />

from<br />

Websters Third New International Dictionary<br />

a- prefix ME, fr. OE a-, an, on 1 :on : in : at abed afoot<br />

asunder sometimes used in dialect speech in locutions<br />

not found in st<strong>and</strong>ard he did it a-purpose 2 :in such a<br />

state or condition afire asleep <strong>of</strong>ten used with with<br />

acrawl with ants 3 :in such a manner aloud 4 :in the<br />

act <strong>of</strong> : in the process <strong>of</strong> daddys gone a-hunting months<br />

later the ship was still a-building<br />

a- or an- prefix L Gk L a-, an-, fr. Gk more at - : not<br />

: without achromatic asexual used chiefly with words<br />

<strong>of</strong> Gk or L origin a- before consonants other than h <strong>and</strong><br />

sometimes even before h, an- before vowels <strong>and</strong> usu. before h<br />

ahistorical anesthesia anhydrous<br />

-a- combining form ISV : replacing carbon esp. in a ring in<br />

initial combining forms as second constituent after a first<br />

constituent designating a chemical element arsa- aza-<br />

-a n suffix - NL, prob. fr. originally nonsignificant -a in magnesia,<br />

fr. ML -a in magnesia, alchemical substance, fr. Gk<br />

-a, - in magnsia, magnsi, alchemical substance, magnet,<br />

fr. nom. sing. fem. adjectival ending corresponding to nom.<br />

sing. masc. -os <strong>and</strong> nom. sing. neut. -on : oxide ceria lanthana<br />

thoria<br />

ab- prefix ME, fr. OF L OF, fr. L, fr. ab from 1 :from<br />

: departing from abnormal 2 :away : outside <strong>of</strong> abenteric<br />

ab- prefix absolute used for a cgs electromagnetic unit<br />

abampere abhenry<br />

abdomin- or abdomino- combining form L abdomin-,<br />

abdomen : abdomen : abdominal abdominalgia<br />

abdominoperineal abdominocardiac<br />

-ability also -ibility n suffix - ME -ablete, -abilite, -iblete,<br />

-ibilite, fr. MF -ableté, -abilité, -ibleté, -ibilité, fr. L -abilitas,<br />

-ibilitas, fr. -abilis, -ibilis + -tas -ty : capacity, fitness, or tendency<br />

to act or be acted on in a specified way ensilability<br />

washability<br />

abio- combining form a- + bio- : whatever is lifeless abiogenesis<br />

-able also -ible adj suffix ME, fr. OF, fr. L -abilis, -ibilis, fr. -a-,<br />

-i- thematic vowels <strong>of</strong> various conjugations <strong>of</strong> verbs + -bilis<br />

capable or worthy <strong>of</strong> being acted upon 1 :capable <strong>of</strong>, fit<br />

for, or worthy <strong>of</strong> being so acted upon or toward chiefly<br />

in adjectives derived from verbs breakable connectible<br />

eatable lovable 2 :tending to, given to, favoring, causing,<br />

able to, or liable to agreeable changeable knowledgeable<br />

peaceable perishable -ableness n suffix - <br />

-ably also -ibly adv suffix<br />

-ac n suffix - Gk -akos <strong>of</strong> or relating to, var. <strong>of</strong> -ikos -ic after<br />

noun stems ending in i : one affected with hemophiliac<br />

nostalgiac<br />

acanth- or acantho- combining form NL, fr. Gk akanth-, akantho-,<br />

fr. akantha akin to ON gn awn : thorn : spine acanthocarpous<br />

Acanthophis<br />

-acanthus n combining form NL, fr. Gk akantha thorn : animal<br />

having such a spine or such or so many spines<br />

Cephalacanthus Ctenacanthus in generic names esp. <strong>of</strong><br />

fishes<br />

acar- or acari- or acaro- combining form NL, fr. Acarus : mite<br />

acaroid acaricide<br />

ace- combining form ISV, fr. acetic : acetic acenaphthene<br />

specif : related to acenaphthene aceanthrene<br />

-ace n combining form - LGk ak point : apex having so<br />

many faces heptace tessarace<br />

-acea n pl suffix NL, fr. L, neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -aceus -aceous : animals<br />

characterized by : animals <strong>of</strong> the nature <strong>of</strong> Cetacea<br />

Crustacea in names <strong>of</strong> zoological divisions larger than a<br />

genus, esp. orders <strong>and</strong> classes<br />

-aceae n pl suffix NL, fr. L, fem. pl. <strong>of</strong> -aceus -aceous : plants<br />

<strong>of</strong> the nature <strong>of</strong> Acanthaceae Rosaceae in names <strong>of</strong><br />

families <strong>of</strong> plants formerly in names <strong>of</strong> orders <strong>of</strong> plants<br />

-acean adj suffix NL -acea, -aceae + E -an : -<br />

rosacean<br />

-acean n suffix - : organism characterized by : organism <strong>of</strong><br />

the nature <strong>of</strong> crustacean rosacean in singular corresponding<br />

to plurals in -acea, -aceae<br />

acenaphth- or acenaphtho- combining form ISV, fr. acenaphthene<br />

: acenaphthene : acenaphthylene acenaphthophenanthrene<br />

-acene n suffix - ISV, fr. anthracene : aromatic polycyclic<br />

hydrocarbon containing three or more fused benzene rings in<br />

straight linear sequence naphthacene<br />

-aceous adj suffix L -aceus : characterized by arenaceous<br />

argillaceous : <strong>of</strong> the nature <strong>of</strong> herbaceous : belonging to<br />

or connected with a division <strong>of</strong> animals characterized by or <strong>of</strong><br />

the nature <strong>of</strong> cetaceous crustaceous : belonging to or<br />

connected with a family <strong>of</strong> plants <strong>of</strong> the nature <strong>of</strong> solanaceous<br />

<strong>of</strong>ten in adjectives corresponding to biological classification<br />

names in -acea, -aceae<br />

acet- or aceto- combining form F L F acét-, fr. L acet-, fr.<br />

acetum vinegar : acetic acid : acetic : acetyl acetaldehyde<br />

acetamide acetobenzoic<br />

achro- or achro- combining form Gk achroos, fr. a- a- +<br />

-chroos colored more at - : colorless achrodextrin<br />

achrocyst<br />

achromat- or achromato- combining form Gk achrmatos colorless,<br />

fr. a- a- + -chrmatos colored, fr. chrmat-, chrma<br />

color : achromatic achromaturia : something achromatic<br />

achromatolysis<br />

acou- or acouo- combining form F acou-, fr. Gk akouein to<br />

hear : hearing : listening acoumeter acouophonia<br />

-acousia or -acusia n combining form, pl -acousiae or -acusiae<br />

NL, fr. Gk akousis fr. akouein to hear + -sis + NL -ia : hearing<br />

presbyacousia hyperacusia<br />

acr- or acro- also akr- or akro- combining form MF or Gk MF<br />

acro-, fr. Gk akr-, akro-, fr. akros topmost, extreme akin to<br />

Gk akm point 1 :beginning : end : tip acrology 2 a : top<br />

: peak : summit acropetal acrocephaly b :height acrophobia<br />

c : extremity <strong>of</strong> the body, esp. the human body<br />

acrocyanosis<br />

acromio- combining form NL, fr. acromion : acromial <strong>and</strong><br />

acromiodeltoid acromiosternal<br />

-act adj combining form Gk aktis ray more at -<br />

: having such or so many rays polyact tetract in<br />

terms applied to sponge spicules<br />

-act n combining form - : one having such or so many rays<br />

hexact triact in names <strong>of</strong> sponge spicules<br />

actin- or actini- or actino- combining form NL actin- ray, fr.<br />

Gk aktin-, aktino-, fr. aktin-, aktis akin to OE hte morning<br />

twilight, OHG hta, ON tta, Goth htwo, Skt aktu light,<br />

night, L noct-, nox night 1 a : having a radiated structure<br />

Actinopoda Actinomyces b : actinian actiniform<br />

Actinozoa 2 a : actinic actinautography b :<strong>of</strong>, relating<br />

to, or caused by actinic radiation as X rays actinotherapy<br />

-actinal adj combining form Gk aktin-, aktis ray + E -al<br />

: -<br />

-actine adj combining form Gk aktin-, aktis : having such or<br />

so many rays discoactine pentactine esp. in terms<br />

applied to sponge spicules<br />

actinio- combining form Actinia : actinian actiniochrome<br />

actiniohematin<br />

acu- combining form ML, fr. L acu, abl. <strong>of</strong> acus needle akin<br />

to L acies edge : with a needle acupuncture

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acuti- 2<br />

-alia<br />

acuti- combining form ML, fr. L acutus : sharp-pointed acutifoliate<br />

: sharply angled acutiplantar<br />

acuto- combining form acute : acute <strong>and</strong> acuto-grave<br />

: acutely acuto-nodose<br />

ad- or ac- or af- or ag- or al- or ap- or as- or at- prefix ad- fr.<br />

ME, fr. L, fr. ad ac- fr. ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. ad af- fr. ME,<br />

fr. OF, fr. L, fr. ad ag- fr. ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. ad al- fr. ME,<br />

fr. MF, fr. L, fr. ad ap- fr. ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. ad as- fr.<br />

ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. ad at- fr. ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. ad 1 :to<br />

: toward usu. ac- before c, k, or q acculturation <strong>and</strong> afbefore<br />

f afformative <strong>and</strong> ag- before g aggradation <strong>and</strong> albefore<br />

l allineation <strong>and</strong> ap- before p appersonation <strong>and</strong><br />

as- before s asself <strong>and</strong> at- before t attune <strong>and</strong> ad- before<br />

other sounds adnominal adverbial but sometimes adeven<br />

before one <strong>of</strong> the listed consonants adpronominal 2<br />

: near : adjacent to in this sense always in the form ad-<br />

adoral adrenal<br />

-ad n suffix - MF L MF -ade, fr. L -ad-, -as, fr. Gk -ad-,<br />

-as, fem. suffix denoting descent from or connection with 1<br />

a:period <strong>of</strong> time quinquenniad b :group, aggregate, or<br />

unit <strong>of</strong> so many parts quintad c :element, atom, or radical<br />

having such or so great a chemical valence artiad<br />

perissad dyad 2 : epic <strong>of</strong> : poem celebrating<br />

Columbiad 3 prob. fr. NL -ad-, -as used as final element<br />

in botanical genus names, fr. Gk : member <strong>of</strong> such a<br />

botanical group magnoliad moringad 4 :kind <strong>of</strong> plant or<br />

animal produced by or associated with ecad variad <br />

-adic adj suffix<br />

-ad adv suffix L ad biol : in the direction <strong>of</strong> : toward : -<br />

cephalad ventrad<br />

-ade n suffix - ME, fr. MF, fr. OProv -ada, fr. LL -ata, fr. L,<br />

fem. <strong>of</strong> -atus -ate 1 :act : action blockade 2 a : product<br />

jamrosade b :sweet drink orangeade<br />

adel- or adelo- combining form NL, fr. Gk adl, adlo- unseen,<br />

fr. adlos, fr. a- a- + dlos visible, evident akin to OE ttan<br />

to gladden, OHG zeiz dear, ON teitr glad, Skt ddeti he shines,<br />

L dies day : concealed : not apparent Adelaster adelopod<br />

adelpho- combining form Gk, fr. adelphos : brother<br />

adelphogamy<br />

-adelphous adj combining form prob. fr. NL -adelphus, fr. Gk<br />

adelphos brother, fr. a- fr. assumed ha-, akin to heis, mia, hen<br />

one, homos same + -delphos akin to delphys womb : having<br />

such or so many stamen fascicles isadelphous monadelphous<br />

aden- or adeno- combining form NL, fr. Gk adeno-, fr. aden-,<br />

adn akin to ON kkr lump, L inguen groin, Gk nephros kidney<br />

1 :gl<strong>and</strong> : gl<strong>and</strong>ular adenitis adenocarcinoma 2<br />

: gl<strong>and</strong>ular <strong>and</strong> adenoneural<br />

adip- or adipo- combining form L adip-, adeps, fr. Gk aleipha<br />

akin to Gk lipos fat, lard 1 : fat : fatty tissue adipic<br />

adipocele 2 : connected with adipic acid adipamide<br />

adiponitrile<br />

adren- or adreno- combining form adrenal 1 :adrenal gl<strong>and</strong>s<br />

adrenocortical adrenomedullary adrenotropic : adrenal<br />

<strong>and</strong> adrenogenital 2 :adrenaline adrenergic<br />

aer- or aero- combining form ME aero-, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. Gk<br />

aer-, aero-, fr. aer-, ar 1 a : air : atmosphere : aerial aerate<br />

aerenchyma aerobic b :aerial <strong>and</strong> aerohydrous 2<br />

: gas aerometry aerosol 3 :aviation aerodrome aerotechnical<br />

aeri- combining form LL aeri-, fr. L aer : air aeriform aerify<br />

aeto- combining form NL, fr. Gk aetos akin to L avis bird<br />

: eagle aetomorph Aetosaurus esp. in names <strong>of</strong> taxonomic<br />

groups in zoology<br />

-aetus n combining form NL, fr. Gk aetos more at -<br />

: eagle in generic names <strong>of</strong> birds Circaetus<br />

afr- or afro- combining form, usu cap L Afr-, Afer African<br />

: African Aframerican : African <strong>and</strong> Afro-Asiatic<br />

agam- or agamo- combining form NL, fr. LL agamus unmarried,<br />

fr. Gk agamos, fr. a- a- + gamos marriage : asexual<br />

agamic agamogenesis<br />

agath- or agatho- combining form Gk, fr. agathos perh. akin<br />

to OE gd good : good Agathosma agathology<br />

-age n suffix - ME, fr. OF, fr. L -aticum 1 :aggregate : collection<br />

cellarage surplusage trackage wordage 2 a<br />

: action : process coverage haulage stoppage b :cumulative<br />

result <strong>of</strong> breakage shrinkage c :rate <strong>of</strong> dosage<br />

leakage outage slippage 3 :house or place <strong>of</strong> orphanage<br />

parsonage 4 :state : rank bondage peonage 5<br />

: charge for an act or service postage towage wharfage<br />

-agogue also -agog n combining form - F NL F -agogue, fr.<br />

LL -agogus promoting the expulsion <strong>of</strong>, fr. Gk -aggos, fr.<br />

aggos leading, drawing forth, fr. agein to lead NL -agogon,<br />

neut. <strong>of</strong> -agogos promoting the expulsion <strong>of</strong>, fr. Gk -aggos<br />

: substance that promotes the secretion or expulsion <strong>of</strong><br />

cholagogue lymphagogue<br />

-agra n combining form, pl -agrae also -agras ME, fr. L, fr. Gk,<br />

fr. agra hunting, catch akin to W aer war, L agere to drive<br />

: seizure <strong>of</strong> pain cardiagra melagra<br />

agrio- combining form GK NL NL, fr. Gk, fr. agrios, fr.<br />

agros field : wild agriology<br />

agro- combining form F, fr. Gk, fr. agros field 1 : <strong>of</strong> or<br />

belonging to fields or soil : agricultural agronomy agrosterol<br />

2 :agricultural <strong>and</strong> agroindustrial<br />

-aholic or -oholic n combining form - alcoholic 1 :one who<br />

feels compulsively the need to do something shopaholic<br />

winaholic 2 :one who likes something to excess golfaholic<br />

ailur- or ailuro- or aelur- or aeluro- combining form NL, fr. Gk<br />

ailouro-, fr. ailouros : cat ailurodon ailurophobia<br />

-al adj suffix ME -al, -el, fr. OF L OF -al, -el, fr. L -alis<br />

: <strong>of</strong>, relating to, or characterized by directional fictional<br />

hormonal organizational spectral tidal<br />

-al n suffix - ME -aille, fr. OF, fr. L -alia, neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -alis<br />

: action or process bestowal rehearsal withdrawal<br />

-al n suffix - F, fr. alcool alcohol, fr. ML alcohol 1 a : aldehyde<br />

butanal salicylal b :acetal butyral 2 :pharmaceutical<br />

product barbital<br />

alb- or albo- combining form L, fr. albus : white albite<br />

albocinereous<br />

albumin- or albumini- or albumino- combining form prob. fr.<br />

F, fr. L albumin-, albumen : albumen : albumin albuminoid<br />

albuminiferous albuminolysis<br />

alco- or alcoo- combining form alcohol : alcohol alcogel<br />

alcosol alcoometer<br />

ald- or aldo- combining form prob. fr. F ald-, fr. aldéhyde, fr.<br />

G aldehyd 1 :containing the aldehyde group in names <strong>of</strong><br />

classes <strong>of</strong> compounds aldohexose 2 :related to an aldehyde<br />

aldimine<br />

aldon- or aldono- combining form ISV, fr. aldonic in aldonic<br />

acid : related to or derived from an aldonic acid aldonamide<br />

aldonolactone<br />

-ales n pl suffix NL, fr. L, pl. <strong>of</strong> -alis -al : plants belonging to<br />

or related to Chytridiales Rosales in the names <strong>of</strong><br />

orders <strong>of</strong> plants in some classifications in the names <strong>of</strong> other<br />

superfamilial groups <strong>of</strong> plants as alliances or cohorts<br />

aleuro- combining form F, fr. Gk, fr. aleuron wheat flour,<br />

flour akin to Arm alam I grind : flour aleurometer<br />

alg- or algo- combining form NL, fr. Gk alg-, fr. algos : pain<br />

algesthesis alganesthesia algophobia<br />

-algia n combining form - Gk -algia, fr. algos : pain : painful<br />

condition cephalalgia podalgia -algic adj combining<br />

form<br />

-algy n combining form - Gk -algia : -<br />

ali- combining form L, fr. ala 1 :wing aliform alitrunk 2<br />

: relating to the side parts <strong>of</strong> a specified organ or structure<br />

aliethmoid alinasal<br />

-alia n combining form NL, fr. Gk halia assembly Gk hal-,<br />

hals sea Gk halia akin to Gk eilein to compress, OSlav velikŭ<br />

great, <strong>and</strong> perh. to L vulgus common people Gk hals sea, akin<br />

to Gk hals salt : realm <strong>of</strong> marine animal life in names <strong>of</strong><br />

biogeographic realms Arctalia Bassalia -alian adj<br />

combining form

---

alk- 3<br />

-<strong>and</strong>er<br />

alk- combining form alkyl : alkyl alkacrylic alkiodide<br />

alka- combining form alkane : alkane alkadiyne alkapolyene<br />

all- or allo- combining form Gk, fr. allos other, different 1<br />

: other : different : dissimilar : extraneous allergy allopathy<br />

allosematic 2 allo- : isomeric form, close relative, or<br />

variety <strong>of</strong> a specified chemical compound allo-ocimene<br />

allotelluric acid: as a :the more stable form <strong>of</strong> two geometrical<br />

isomers allocinnamic acid b :- 3 esp. in<br />

names <strong>of</strong> stereoisomeric compounds containing two fused saturated<br />

rings allocholanic acid allopregnane 3 usu allo-<br />

: having dissimilar genomes alloheteroploid alloploid<br />

allotriploid opposed to autallant-<br />

or allanto- combining form NL, fr. Gk, sausage, fr.<br />

allant-, allas, prob. <strong>of</strong> Italic origin akin to L alium garlic 1<br />

: allantoic : allantoid allantochorion allantoin 2 :sausage<br />

allantiasis<br />

allelo- combining form Gk alllo- each other, fr. allln <strong>of</strong> each<br />

other, fr. allos . . . allos one . . . the other, fr. allos other 1<br />

: alternative allelomorph 2 :<strong>of</strong> or for each other : reciprocal<br />

: reciprocally allelocatalytic allelotropism<br />

allo- combining form GK allos . . . allos one . . . the other, fr.<br />

allos other : being one <strong>of</strong> a group whose members together<br />

constitute a structural unit esp. <strong>of</strong> a language allophone<br />

allomorph compare -<br />

allox- combining form ISV, fr. alloxan : alloxan<br />

-ally adv suffix -al + -ly : - semantically in adverbs<br />

formed from adjectives ending in -ic with no alternative form<br />

ending in -ical<br />

alterni- combining form NL, fr. L alternus alternate : alternate<br />

: alternately alternifoliate alternipetalous alternipinnate<br />

alti- combining form ME, fr. L, fr. altus 1 :high altisonant<br />

2:altitude altigraph altimeter<br />

alumin- or alumino- combining form MF alumin-, fr. L, fr. alumin-,<br />

alumen 1 :alum aluminiform 2 :aluminum aluminography<br />

alveol- or alveolo- combining form L, fr. alveolus 1 :alveolus<br />

alveolectomy 2 :alveolar <strong>and</strong> alveololabial<br />

-am n combining form - prob. fr. G, prob. fr. NL ammonia<br />

: chemical compound related to ammonia lactam phospham<br />

ambi- prefix L ambi-, amb- both, on both sides, around akin<br />

to L ambo both, Gk amph both, amphi around : both<br />

ambilateral ambiparous<br />

ambly- or amblyo- combining form LL ambly-, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

amblys akin to L mollis s<strong>of</strong>t, molere to grind 1 : blunt<br />

: obtuse Amblycephalus 2 :dulled : dimmed amblyacousia<br />

3 :connected with amblyopia amblyoscope<br />

amer- or amero- combining form, cap American : American<br />

Amerophile : American <strong>and</strong> Amerasian<br />

americo- combining form, cap America 1 :relating to America<br />

or Americans Americomania 2 :American <strong>and</strong> Americo-<br />

Liberian<br />

amid- or amido- combining form ISV, fr. amide 1 :containing<br />

the group NH characteristic <strong>of</strong> amides united to a radical<br />

<strong>of</strong> acid character amidosulfuric distinguished from<br />

amin- 2 :- amidophenol 3 :containing the radical<br />

CONH characteristic <strong>of</strong> polyamides, peptides, <strong>and</strong> proteins<br />

amin- or amino- combining form ISV, fr. amine now usu<br />

amino- : containing the group NH characteristic <strong>of</strong> primary<br />

amines united to a radical other than an acid radical<br />

aminoacetanilide aminoguanidine distinguished from<br />

amidamm-<br />

or ammo- combining form ammo-, fr. Gk, fr. ammos<br />

s<strong>and</strong> : s<strong>and</strong> ammophilous<br />

ammino- combining form prob. fr. G, fr. ammin ammine<br />

: ammine amminochloride<br />

ammoni- or ammonio- combining form ISV, fr. ammonium<br />

: containing ammonia or ammonium ammoniocupric sulfate<br />

ammono- combining form ISV, fr. ammonia 1 : ammonia<br />

ammonolysis 2 :derived from ammonia in names <strong>of</strong><br />

chemical compounds ammonocarbonic acid HNCNH<br />

compare - 2<br />

amnio- combining form NL, fr. amnion, fr. Gk 1 :amnion<br />

amniotome 2 :amniotic <strong>and</strong> amnioallantoic<br />

amorph- or amorpho- combining form Gk, amorph-, fr. amorphos<br />

: amorphous amorphism amorphophyte<br />

ampel- or ampelo- combining form NL ampel-, fr. Gk ampel-,<br />

ampelo-, fr. ampelos : grapevine ampelopsis ampelography<br />

amphi- or amph- prefix L amphi- around, on both sides, fr. Gk<br />

amphi-, amph-, fr. amphi more at - 1 : around<br />

amphispermous 2 :on both sides : <strong>of</strong> both kinds : both<br />

amphicarpic amphivorous<br />

ampho- combining form NL, fr. Gk amph more at -<br />

: both amphophilic<br />

amygdal- or amygdalo- combining form L amygdal-, fr. amygdala<br />

1 :almond : almond family amygdalase amygdaliferous<br />

2 NL, fr. amygdala a :tonsil amygdalotomy b<br />

: tonsillar <strong>and</strong> amygdalo-uvular<br />

amyl- or amylo- combining form LL amyl-, fr. L amylum, fr.<br />

Gk amylon, fr. neut. <strong>of</strong> amylos not ground at the mill, fr. a-<br />

a- + mylos, myl mill : starch amylase amylemia amylometer<br />

-an or -ian also -ean n suffix - -an -ian fr. ME -an, -ian,<br />

-ien, fr. OF L OF -ien, fr. L -ianus, fr. -i- + -anus, fr. -anus,<br />

adj. suffix -ean fr. such words as Mediterranean, European 1<br />

: one that is <strong>of</strong> or belonging to American Bostonian 2<br />

: one skilled in or specializing in esp. in derivatives from<br />

nouns ending in -ic or -ics, in the latter case with loss <strong>of</strong> -s<br />

dialectician phonetician statistician 3 :one belonging<br />

to a specified zoological group crustacean mammalian<br />

crocodilian<br />

-an or -ian also -ean adj suffix -an -ian fr. ME -an, -ian, -ien,<br />

fr. OF L OF -ien, fr. L -ianus, fr. -i- + -anus -ean fr. such<br />

words as Mediterranean, European 1 : <strong>of</strong> or belonging to<br />

American Floridian Wesleyan 2 : characteristic <strong>of</strong><br />

: resembling Mozartean Shavian 3 :<strong>of</strong> or belonging to a<br />

specified geologic period, epoch, or series Cambrian<br />

-an n suffix - ISV -an, -ane, alter. <strong>of</strong> -ene, -ine, -one 1<br />

: unsaturated carbon compound tolan CHCCCH urethan<br />

esp. in names <strong>of</strong> heterocyclic compounds furan<br />

alloxan compare - 2 a : anhydride representing a polymer<br />

<strong>of</strong> a carbohydrate usu. replacing final -ose <strong>of</strong> the carbohydrate<br />

name xylan dextran, less <strong>of</strong>ten replacing final<br />

-e pentosan b : intramolecular anhydride <strong>of</strong> a carbohydrate<br />

replacing final -e <strong>of</strong> the carbohydrate name -glucosan<br />

ana- or an- prefix ML, fr. L ana- LL an-, fr. Gk ana-, an-,<br />

fr. ana up, on 1 :up : upward anode Anacardium 2<br />

: back : backward ananym 3 :again : anew anagenesis<br />

-ana or -iana n pl suffix NL, collected quotations from, fr. L,<br />

neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -anus -an -ianus -ian : collected items <strong>of</strong> information<br />

esp. anecdotal or bibliographical concerning<br />

Americana Johnsoniana Burnsiana collegiana <br />

chiefly in derivatives from personal names <strong>and</strong> place names<br />

anarch- or anarcho- combining form ML anarch-, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

anarchos 1 :without government anarchical 2 a : anarchism<br />

<strong>and</strong> anarchopacifism b :anarchist <strong>and</strong> anarchoindividualist<br />

anatomico- or anatomo- combining form anatomic : anatomical<br />

<strong>and</strong> : anatomical anatomicopathological anatomoclinical<br />

-ance n suffix - ME, fr. OF, fr. L -antia, fr. -ant-, -ans -ant +<br />

-ia -y 1 :action or process attendance deliverance furtherance<br />

: instance <strong>of</strong> an action or process appearance<br />

performance 2 :quality or state resemblance temperance<br />

: instance <strong>of</strong> a quality or state protuberance 3<br />

: amount or degree conductance transmittance<br />

-ancy n suffix - L -antia more at - 1 :quality or<br />

state buoyancy pliancy 2 :instance <strong>of</strong> a quality or state<br />

expectancy<br />

-<strong>and</strong>er n combining form - NL -<strong>and</strong>rus, fr. Gk -<strong>and</strong>ros having

---

<strong>and</strong>r- 4<br />

-anthropus<br />

such or so many men more at - : one having<br />

such or so many stamens in words denoting members <strong>of</strong><br />

Linnaean botanical classes in -<strong>and</strong>ria hex<strong>and</strong>er<br />

<strong>and</strong>r- or <strong>and</strong>ro- combining form MF <strong>and</strong>ro-, fr. L <strong>and</strong>r-,<br />

<strong>and</strong>ro-, fr. Gk, fr. <strong>and</strong>r-, anr man male person akin to OIr<br />

nert strength, OScan ner man male person, Skt n 1 :man<br />

<strong>and</strong>rocentric <strong>and</strong>rophagous : <strong>of</strong> or belonging to a man or<br />

men <strong>and</strong>rocracy <strong>and</strong>rophobia : having the characteristics<br />

<strong>of</strong> a man <strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>rotauric 2 :male <strong>and</strong>rogenesis : male<br />

<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>rogynous 3 :stamen : anther <strong>and</strong>roecium<br />

-<strong>and</strong>ra n combining form NL, fem. <strong>of</strong> -<strong>and</strong>rus -<strong>and</strong>rous : one<br />

having such a stamen in generic names <strong>of</strong> plants<br />

Calli<strong>and</strong>ra Pachys<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

-<strong>and</strong>ria n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk, fact or condition <strong>of</strong><br />

having such or so many men more at - : plants<br />

having such or so many stamens in names <strong>of</strong> Linnaean<br />

botanical classes Poly<strong>and</strong>ria<br />

-<strong>and</strong>rous adj combining form NL -<strong>and</strong>rus, fr. Gk -<strong>and</strong>ros having<br />

such or so many men, fr. <strong>and</strong>r-, anr man male person<br />

more at - : having such or so many stamens<br />

mon<strong>and</strong>rous<br />

-<strong>and</strong>ry n combining form - NL -<strong>and</strong>ria, fr. Gk, fact or condition<br />

<strong>of</strong> having such or so many men, fr. -<strong>and</strong>ros + -ia -y<br />

: possession <strong>of</strong> such or so many stamens heter<strong>and</strong>ry<br />

-ane n suffix - ISV -an, -ane, alter. <strong>of</strong> -ene, -ine, -one 1<br />

: - 1 urethane 2 :saturated or completely hydrogenated<br />

carbon compound in names <strong>of</strong> hydrocarbons <strong>and</strong> some<br />

parent heterocyclic compounds methane cholestane<br />

dioxane distinguished from -ene, -yne<br />

anem- or anemo- combining form prob. fr. F anémo-, fr. Gk<br />

anem-, anemo-, fr. anemos 1 :wind anemosis anemometer<br />

2 :inhalation anemopathy<br />

ang- combining form angular usu ital : angular<br />

-ange n combining form - NL -angium : -<br />

angi- or angio- combining form NL, fr. Gk angei-, angeio- vessel,<br />

blood vessel, fr. angeion, dim. <strong>of</strong> angos vessel perh. akin<br />

to L angulus angle 1 a : blood or lymph vessel angioid<br />

angiolith angiosis b : angiomatous angi<strong>of</strong>ibroma<br />

: angiomatous <strong>and</strong> angiocavernous 2 :seed vessel angiocarpous<br />

-angium n combining form, pl -angia NL, fr. Gk angeion <br />

more at - : vessel : receptacle gametangium<br />

gonangium<br />

anglo- combining form, usu cap NL, fr. ML Angli English people,<br />

fr. L, Angles 1 :English: a :<strong>of</strong> or belonging to Engl<strong>and</strong><br />

Anglo-Norman b :<strong>of</strong> English origin, descent, or culture<br />

Anglo-Indian Anglo-Irish 2 : English <strong>and</strong> Anglo-<br />

Japanese Anglo-Russian<br />

anguli- or angulo- combining form prob. fr. NL, fr. L angulus<br />

angle 1 :angle angulometer : angular angulinerved 2<br />

: <strong>of</strong> or belonging to the angular <strong>and</strong> angulosplenial<br />

angusti- combining form prob. fr. L, fr. angustus : narrow<br />

angustifoliate angustirostrate<br />

anhydr- or anhydro- combining form modif. influenced by<br />

hydr-, hydro- <strong>of</strong> Gk anydr-, fr. anydros 1 a : waterless anhydremia<br />

b :lacking fluid anhydromyelia 2 :anhydride <strong>of</strong><br />

anhydroglucose<br />

anis- or aniso- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. anisos, fr. an- +<br />

isos equal more at - : unequal anisodont anisosthenic<br />

anis- or aniso- combining form L anisum anise : anise<br />

anisic : anisic acid anisoyl<br />

ankyl- or ankylo- also anchyl- or anchylo- or ancyl- or ancylocombining<br />

form NL, fr. Gk ankyl-, ankylo-, fr. ankylos akin<br />

to Gk ankos glen 1 :crooked : curved Ancylostoma 2 NL,<br />

fr. Gk ankyl-, ankylo-, fr. ankylsis a :stiff, immobile, constricted,<br />

or closed because <strong>of</strong> adhesion ankyloglossia<br />

ankylurethria b :ankylosis ankylophobia<br />

ano- prefix NL, fr. Gk an upward, above, fr. ana up, on 1<br />

: upward anogenic anoopsia 2 :upper anocarpous<br />

anom- or anomo- combining form NL, fr. Gk anom- lawless, fr.<br />

anomos, fr. a- a- + nomos law, fr. nemein to distribute<br />

: unusual : abnormal : irregular anomite anomocarpous<br />

anomal- or anomali- or anomalo- combining form L anomal-,<br />

fr. Gk, fr. anmalos uneven, irregular : anomalous : irregular<br />

anomaliflorous anomalism anomalocephalus<br />

anopl- or anoplo- combining form NL, fr. Gk anoplos, fr. an- +<br />

-hoplos fr. hoplon tool, weapon : unarmed chiefly in<br />

names <strong>of</strong> zoological taxa Anoplanthus anoplocephalic<br />

-ant n suffix - ME, fr. OF, fr. -ant, pres. part. suffix, fr. L<br />

-ant-, -ans, pres. part. suffix <strong>of</strong> first conjugation, fr. -a- vowel<br />

<strong>of</strong> first conjugation + -nt-, -ns, pres. part. suffix akin to OE<br />

-nde, pres. part. suffix, OHG -nti, ON -ndi, Goth -nds, Gk -nt-,<br />

-n, pres., fut., aor. part. suffix, Skt -nt, pres., fut., aor.<br />

act. part. suffix 1 a : one that performs a specified action<br />

: personal or impersonal agent assistant claimant<br />

coolant deodorant resultant b :thing that promotes a<br />

specified action or process expectorant 2 :person or thing<br />

connected with annuitant chemotherapeutant 3 :thing<br />

that is acted upon in a specified manner inhalant ingestant<br />

4 :thing that is used for a specified purpose antifoggant<br />

-ant adj suffix ME, fr. OF, fr. -ant, pres. part. suffix 1 :performing<br />

a specified action or being in a specified condition<br />

denudant propellant somnambulant 2 :promoting a<br />

specified action or process expectorant<br />

ante- prefix ME, fr. L, fr. ante before, in front, in front <strong>of</strong> akin<br />

to OE <strong>and</strong>-, on- against, OHG ant-, int-, ON <strong>and</strong>-, Goth <strong>and</strong>a-,<br />

<strong>and</strong>-, Gk anti before, against, Skt anti in the presence <strong>of</strong>, Hitt<br />

hanti in front 1 a : prior : precedent : earlier antenati<br />

antepast antetype b :anterior anteroom : forward anteflexion<br />

anteversion 2 a : prior to : earlier than anteclassical<br />

antenatal antepartum b : in front <strong>of</strong> anteorbital<br />

antetemple<br />

antero- combining form NL, fr. L anterior : anterior<br />

anteroparietal : anterior <strong>and</strong> anterolateral : from front to<br />

anteroposterior<br />

anth- or antho- combining form L anth-, fr. Gk anth-, antho-,<br />

fr. anthos 1 :flower anthecology anthocyanin 2 :flowerlike<br />

Anthozoa<br />

-anthema n combining form, pl -anthemata or -anthemas LL,<br />

fr. Gk -anthma akin to Gk anthos flower : eruption : rash<br />

enanthema<br />

-anthemum n combining form L, fr. Gk anthemon flower, fr.<br />

anthos : plant having such a flower in generic names<br />

Helianthemum Xeranthemum<br />

-anthera n combining form NL, fr. anthera : plant having<br />

such an anther in generic names Adenanthera<br />

Pyxidanthera<br />

-antherous adj combining form prob. fr. NL -antherus, fr.<br />

anthera anther : having such an anther or such or so<br />

many anthers decantherous phaenantherous<br />

-anthery n combining form - : possession <strong>of</strong> anthers, esp. as<br />

indicated phaenanthery<br />

-anthes n combining form NL, fr. Gk -anths blooming, flowered,<br />

fr. anthos flower : plant having such a flower in<br />

generic names Achyranthes Polianthes Zephyranthes<br />

-anthous adj combining form prob. fr. NL -anthus, fr. Gk<br />

anthos flower : -flowered gymnanthous monanthous <br />

-anthy n combining form -<br />

anthr- or anthra- combining form ISV anthracene : anthracene<br />

nucleus anthrol anthragallol<br />

anthrac- or anthraco- combining form L anthrac-, fr. Gk<br />

anthrak-, anthrako- charcoal, carbuncle, fr. anthrak-, anthrax<br />

1 : coal : carbon anthracosis anthracolithic Anthracosaurus<br />

2 : carbuncle anthracnose : anthrax anthracoid<br />

anthracocide<br />

-anthrene n combining form - ISV anthracene : substance<br />

related to anthracene phenanthrene cholanthrene<br />

anthrop- or anthropo- combining form L anthropo-, fr. Gk<br />

anthrp-, anthrpo-, fr. anthrpos, perh. irreg. fr. <strong>and</strong>r-, anr<br />

man male person + -pos fr. ps face more at -<br />

: human being anthropoid anthropogenesis<br />

-anthropus n combining form NL, fr. Gk anthrpos more at

---

-anthus<br />

- : man in generic names <strong>of</strong> primates Pithecanthropus<br />

Sinanthropus<br />

-anthus n combining form NL, fr. Gk anthos flower : organism<br />

having or resembling such a flower in generic names<br />

in botany Cyclanthus Schizanthus <strong>and</strong> zoology<br />

Oecanthus<br />

anti- or ant- or anth- prefix anti- fr. ME, fr. OF L OF, fr.<br />

L, against, fr. Gk, fr. anti ant- fr. ME, fr. L, against, fr. Gk,<br />

fr. anti anth- fr. L, against, fr. Gk, fr. anti more at -<br />

1 a : one opposing the claims <strong>of</strong> : rival : spurious antichrist<br />

antiking antipope b :<strong>of</strong> the same kind but situated opposite,<br />

exerting energy in the opposite direction, or pursuing an<br />

opposite policy antapex antarctic anticline antischool<br />

antivolition c : one that is opposite in kind to<br />

anticlimax antihero antireligion anti- before consonants<br />

other than h <strong>and</strong> sometimes ant- before vowels <strong>and</strong><br />

anth- before h which is not repeated, but more frequently<br />

anti- even before h or a vowel 2 a : opposing or hostile to in<br />

opinion, sympathy, or practice anticapitalist antidemocratic<br />

antiromantic antislavery antiunion b :opposing in<br />

effect or activity : inhibiting : preventing : counteracting<br />

antacid anthelmintic antiaging anti-Comintern<br />

antienzyme antifat antifogging anti-inflationary<br />

antislip antitrust 3 :not antigrammatical antilogical<br />

4:serving to prevent, cure, or alleviate a pathological condition<br />

antiarthritic antispasmodic 5 a : opposing or neutralizing<br />

another substance antibody antiserum b :substance<br />

that opposes or neutralizes another substance esp<br />

: substance that is an antibody to a specified antigen antitoxin<br />

6 :combating : destroying : defending against antiaircraft<br />

antimine antitank<br />

anti- prefix MF ML, fr. L ante- : - now little used<br />

because <strong>of</strong> possible confusion with antiantr-<br />

or antro- combining form NL, fr. LL antrum cavity in the<br />

body 1 :antrum antritis 2 :antral <strong>and</strong> antronasal<br />

aort- or aorto- combining form NL, fr. aorta : aorta aortitis<br />

aortolith<br />

aphan- or aphano- combining form F aphan-, fr. Gk aphans,<br />

fr. a- a- + -phans fr. phainesthai to appear : invisible<br />

: obscure aphanite Aphanomyces<br />

aphr- or aphro- combining form G aphr-, fr. Gk aphr-, aphro-,<br />

fr. aphros perh. akin to L imber rain : foam aphrite<br />

aphrometer<br />

api- combining form L, fr. apis : bee apiculture apiphobia<br />

apic- or apici- or apico- combining form prob. fr. NL, fr. L<br />

apic-, apex 1 :apex : tip esp. <strong>of</strong> an organ apicad apicifixed<br />

apicoectomy 2 :apical <strong>and</strong> apicodental consonant<br />

aplano- combining form prob. fr. NL, fr. Gk aplans not w<strong>and</strong>ering,<br />

fixed, fr. a- a- + -plans w<strong>and</strong>ering, fr. planasthai to<br />

w<strong>and</strong>er : nonmotile Aplanobacter aplanospore<br />

apo- or ap- or aph- prefix apo- fr. ME, fr. MF L MF, fr. L,<br />

fr. Gk, fr. apo ap- fr. Gk, fr. apo aph- fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. apo<br />

1:away from : <strong>of</strong>f apastron aphelion 2 :detached : separate<br />

apocarpous 3 :formed from : related to in names<br />

<strong>of</strong> chemical compounds apocodeine apo- before consonants<br />

other than h <strong>and</strong> sometimes ap- before vowels <strong>and</strong> aphbefore<br />

h which is not repeated but frequently apo- even<br />

before h or a vowel<br />

append- or appendo- or appendic- or appendico- combining<br />

form NL, fr. appendic-, appendix, fr. L, appendage, supplement<br />

: vermiform appendix appendectomy appendicitis<br />

appendicostomy appendotome<br />

aqui- also aqua- combining form L aqui-, fr. aqua : water<br />

aquiculture aquiferous aquacade<br />

aquo- combining form ISV, fr. L aqua water + ISV -o- 1 :containing<br />

a molecule <strong>of</strong> water as part <strong>of</strong> a coordination complex<br />

hexaquocobaltIII chloride CoHOCl 2 :derived from<br />

water in names <strong>of</strong> chemical compounds aquocarbonic<br />

acid OCOH compare - 2<br />

-ar adj suffix ME -ar, -er, fr. OF L OF -er, fr. L -aris, alter.<br />

after bases containing l <strong>of</strong> -alis -al : <strong>of</strong> or belonging to linear<br />

molecular nuclear polar : being spectacular<br />

5<br />

aristo-<br />

triangular : resembling annular oracular chiefly in<br />

words containing l <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>ten accompanied by change <strong>of</strong> final<br />

postconsonantal -le <strong>of</strong> the base word to -ul- angular muscular<br />

titular<br />

arachn- or arachno- combining form NL Gk NL, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

arachn perh. akin to L aranea spider, Gk arkys net 1 :spider<br />

arachnology 2 :arachnoid membrane arachnitis<br />

arch- prefix ME arche-, arch-, fr. OE OF OE arce-, erce-, fr.<br />

LL arch- L archi-, fr. Gk arch-, archi- OF arch-, arche-, fr.<br />

LL arch- L archi- more at - 1 :chief : principal<br />

archangel archbishop archdiocese archduke archpillar<br />

2 :preeminent : extreme : most fully embodying the<br />

qualities <strong>of</strong> his or its kind archantiquary archcapitalist<br />

archfool archinfamy archphilosopher archpuritan<br />

archrogue 3 :first in time archfather : primitive archform<br />

-arch n combining form - ME -arke, -arche, fr. OF LL <br />

L OF -arche, fr. LL -archa, fr. L -arches, -archus, fr. Gk<br />

-archs, archos more at - : ruler : leader matriarch<br />

nomarch<br />

-arch adj combining form prob. fr. G, fr. Gk arch beginning<br />

more at - : having such a point or so many points<br />

<strong>of</strong> origin endarch pentarch<br />

archae- or archaeo- also archeo- combining form Gk archaio-,<br />

fr. archaios ancient, fr. arch beginning more at - 1<br />

: antiquity archaeography 2 :ancient : primitive archaecraniate<br />

archaeolithic archeozoic<br />

arche- prefix L, fr. Gk, fr. archein to begin more at -<br />

: primitive : original archecentric archespore<br />

archi- or arch- prefix MF It L MF archi- It arci-, fr. L<br />

archi-, fr. Gk arch-, archi akin to Gk archein to begin, arch<br />

beginning, archos ruler 1 :chief : principal archiepiscopal<br />

archi- before consonants, arch- or more frequently archibefore<br />

vowels 2 :primitive : original : primary archenteron<br />

archiblast archicarp archicontinent archipterygium<br />

archy n combining form - ME -archie, fr. MF, fr. L -archia,<br />

fr. Gk, fr. -archs -arch + -ia -y : rule : government<br />

dyarchy squirearchy<br />

arct- or arcto- combining form L arct-, fr. Gk arkt-, arkto-, fr.<br />

arktos bear, Ursa Major, north 1 :north : arctic Arctalia<br />

Arctogaea 2 :bear Arctoidea Arctostaphylus<br />

-ard also -art n suffix - ME, fr. OF, <strong>of</strong> Gmc origin akin to<br />

OHG -hart in personal names such as Grhart Gerard akin<br />

to OE heard hard : one that is characterized by performing<br />

some action, possessing some quality, or being associated with<br />

some thing esp. conspicuously or excessively braggart<br />

drunkard dullard pollard sluggard stinkard wizard<br />

: a large one <strong>of</strong> its kind staggard<br />

arenaceo- combining form perh. fr. F arénacéo-, fr. L arenaceus<br />

: arenaceous <strong>and</strong> arenaceo-argillaceous<br />

areo- combining form Gk Ars Ares god <strong>of</strong> war, Mars planet<br />

: the planet Mars areocentric longitude : <strong>of</strong> or belonging<br />

to the planet Mars areography<br />

argent- or argenti- or argento- combining form MF argent-, fr.<br />

L, fr. argentum : silver argentamide argentinitrate<br />

argentometry<br />

argill- or argilli- or argillo- combining form ME argill-, fr. L,<br />

fr. argilla 1 :clay argilliferous argilloid 2 :argillaceous<br />

<strong>and</strong> argilloarenaceous<br />

argillaceo- combining form argillaceous : argillaceous <strong>and</strong><br />

argillaceocalcareous<br />

argyr- or argyro- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. argyros : silver<br />

argyrite argyrocephalous<br />

-aria n suffix NL, fr. L, fem. sing. neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -arius -ary<br />

: one or ones like or connected with esp. in biological taxonomic<br />

names Campanularia Madreporaria Utricularia<br />

-arian n suffix - L -arius -ary + E -an 1 :believer necessitarian<br />

: advocate latitudinarian 2 :producer platitudinarian<br />

tractarian<br />

aristo- combining form MF LL MF, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. aristos<br />

akin to Gk arariskein to fit 1 :best aristogenesis 2

---

arithmo- 6<br />

atto-<br />

: aristocracy <strong>and</strong> aristodemocracy : aristocratic <strong>and</strong> aristodemocratic<br />

arithmo- combining form prob. fr. NL, fr. LGk, fr. Gk arithmos<br />

akin to Gk arariskein to fit : number arithmograph<br />

arithmomania<br />

-arium n suffix, pl -ariums or -aria L, fr. neut. <strong>of</strong> -arius -ary<br />

: thing or place belonging to or connected with aquarium<br />

planetarium<br />

ars- combining form ISV, fr. arsenic : arsenic arsine<br />

arsphenamine<br />

arsen- or arseno- combining form ISV, fr. arsenic : arsenic<br />

specif : containing the grouping AsAs analogous to the<br />

azo group arsenobenzene<br />

arsenoso- combining form ISV, fr. arsen- + -oso- as in ferroso-<br />

: containing the univalent radical AsO composed <strong>of</strong> arsenic<br />

<strong>and</strong> oxygen arsenosophenol<br />

arsino- combining form ISV, fr. arsine + -o- : arsine : containing<br />

the univalent radical AsH<br />

arson- or arsono- combining form ISV, fr. arsonic : containing<br />

the radical AsOOH characteristic <strong>of</strong> the arsonic acids<br />

arsonate arsonoacetic acid<br />

arteri- or arterio- combining form MF, fr. LL, fr. Gk artri-,<br />

artrio-, fr. artria 1 :artery arteriectasia arteriology 2<br />

: arterial <strong>and</strong> arteriovenous<br />

arthr- or arthro- combining form L arthr-, fr. Gk arthr-,<br />

arthro-, fr. arthron akin to Gk arariskein fit : joint arthralgia<br />

arthropathy<br />

arto- combining form L, fr. Gk, fr. artos perh. akin to Gk<br />

arariskein to fit : bread Artocarpus<br />

-ary n suffix - ME -arie, fr. OF L OF -arie, -aire, fr. L<br />

-arius, -aria, -arium, fr. -arius, adj. suffix : one that belongs<br />

to or is connected with: a :thing belonging to or connected<br />

with esp : place <strong>of</strong> aviary bestiary herbary seminary<br />

termitary b : person belonging to, connected with, or<br />

engaged in functionary seditionary<br />

-ary adj suffix ME -arie, fr. MF L MF -aire, fr. L -arius<br />

: <strong>of</strong> or belonging to or connected with budgetary discretionary<br />

parliamentary unitary<br />

asc- or asci- or asco- combining form NL, fr. ascus : bladder<br />

: ascus ascula ascigerous ascospore<br />

ascidi- or ascidio- combining form NL, fr. Ascidia ascidium<br />

: ascidian ascidiozooid : ascidium ascidiferous<br />

-ase n suffix - F, fr. diastase : enzyme : destroying substance<br />

aureomycinase protease urease<br />

aspid- or aspido- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. aspid-, aspis<br />

perh. akin to Gk aspids vast, broad, L spatium space : shield<br />

aspidate Aspidosperma<br />

-aspis n combining form NL, fr. Gk aspis shield more at<br />

- : one having such a shield in generic names in<br />

zoology <strong>and</strong> paleontology Cephalaspis Odontaspis<br />

-ast n suffix - ME aste, fr. L -astes, fr. Gk -asts akin to -ists<br />

-ist : one connected with ecdysiast hypochondriast<br />

aster- or astero- combining form Gk, fr. aster-, astr : star<br />

asteroid Asterolepis<br />

-aster n suffix - ME, fr. L, suffix denoting partial resemblance<br />

: one that is inferior, worthless, or not genuine criticaster<br />

poetaster<br />

-aster n combining form - NL, fr. Gk astr : star in structural<br />

<strong>and</strong> generic names in biology diaster Geaster<br />

asthen- or astheno- combining form Gk, fr. asthens weak, fr.<br />

a- a- + -sthens fr. sthenos strength perh. akin to Skt saghnoti<br />

he takes upon himself, is a match for : weak<br />

asthenopia : weakness asthenology<br />

astr- or astro- combining form ME astro-, fr. OF, fr. L astr-,<br />

astro-, fr. Gk, fr. astron star 1 :star astroid astrometer<br />

: the heavens astrography astronautics : astronomical<br />

astrophysics 2 :astrological astrodiagnosis : astrological<br />

<strong>and</strong> astromedical 3 :aster in cells astrosphere<br />

astragal- or astragalo- combining form Gk, fr. astragalos 1<br />

: dice astragalomancy 2 NL astragalus, fr. Gk astragalos<br />

a:the bone astragalus astragalectomy b :astragalar <strong>and</strong><br />

astragalocalcaneal<br />

-ata n pl suffix NL, fr. L, neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -atus -ate : ones characterized<br />

by having such a feature in names <strong>of</strong> zoological<br />

groups Coelenterata Vertebrata Chordata<br />

Branchiata<br />

-ate n suffix - ME -at, fr. OF, fr. L -atus nom. sing. masc.,<br />

-atum nom. sing. neut., fr. -atus, past part. ending <strong>of</strong> 1st<br />

conj. verbs 1 :one acted upon in a specified way advocate<br />

legate centrifugate duplicate m<strong>and</strong>ate vulcanizate<br />

2 NL -atum, fr. L, neut. <strong>of</strong> -atus : chemical compound<br />

or complex anion derived from a specified compound or<br />

element alcoholate ferrate esp : salt or ester <strong>of</strong> an acid<br />

with a name ending in -ic <strong>and</strong> not beginning with hydro-<br />

acetate carbonate<br />

-ate n suffix - ME -at, fr. OF, fr. L -atus, fr. -atus, past part.<br />

ending <strong>of</strong> 1st conj. verbs : <strong>of</strong>fice : function : rank : state<br />

: group <strong>of</strong> persons holding a specified <strong>of</strong>fice or rank, having<br />

a specified function, or being in a specified state episcopate<br />

pontificate pr<strong>of</strong>essorate rabbinate<br />

-ate adj suffix ME -at, fr. L -atus, past part. ending <strong>of</strong> 1st conj.<br />

verbs, fr. -a- thematic vowel <strong>of</strong> 1st conj. + -tus, past part.<br />

ending more at - 1 :acted upon in a specified way<br />

: brought into or being in a specified state consummate<br />

degenerate inanimate Italianate temperate 2 :characterized<br />

by having branchiate chordate foliate<br />

-ate vb suffix --- ME -aten, fr. L -atus, past part. ending<br />

<strong>of</strong> 1st conj. verbs : to act in a specified way negotiate<br />

pontificate : act upon in a specified way assassinate<br />

venerate : cause to be modified or affected by camphorate<br />

hyphenate pollinate : cause to become activate<br />

domesticate fractionate : furnish with capacitate substantiate<br />

atel- or atelo- combining form NL, fr. Gk atel- imperfect,<br />

incomplete, fr. atels, fr. a- a- + -tels fr. telos end : defective<br />

atelectasis atelomyelia<br />

athero- combining form NL, fr. atheroma : atheroma atherogenesis<br />

-athon n combining form - marathon 1 :event or activity<br />

lasting a long time <strong>of</strong>ten for the purpose <strong>of</strong> raising funds<br />

walkathon 2 : an excess <strong>of</strong> something practical<br />

joke-athon<br />

-ation n suffix - ME -acioun, fr. OF -ation, fr. L -ation-, -atio,<br />

fr. -atus -ate + -ion-, -io -ion : action or process computation<br />

flirtation visitation : something connected with an<br />

action or process civilization discoloration<br />

-ative adj suffix ME, fr. MF -atif, fr. L -ativus, fr. -atus -ate +<br />

-ivus -ive : <strong>of</strong>, relating to, or connected with authoritative<br />

consultative normative quantitative : tending to fixative<br />

formative laxative talkative<br />

atlant- or atlanto- combining form NL atlant-, atlas 1 :atlas<br />

atlantad 2 :atlantal <strong>and</strong> atlantoaxial atlantoodontoid<br />

atlo- combining form atlas : atlantal <strong>and</strong> atloaxoid<br />

atloido- combining form F atlodo-, fr. atlode : atlantal <strong>and</strong><br />

atloidoaxoid<br />

atm- or atmo- combining form NL atmo- vapor, fr. Gk atm-,<br />

atmo-, fr. atmos akin to Gk anai to blow : vapor atmiatry<br />

: air atmogenic<br />

atmid- or atmido- combining form ISV, fr. Gk, fr. atmid-,<br />

atmis, fr. atmos : steam : vapor atmidalbumin atmidometer<br />

-ator n suffix - ME -atour, fr. OF L OF -atour, -ator, fr. L<br />

-ator, fr. -atus -ate + -or : one that does calorizator totalizator<br />

-atory adj suffix ME, fr. L -atorius, fr. -atus -ate + -orius -ory<br />

: <strong>of</strong>, belonging to, or connected with perspiratory : serving<br />

or tending to amendatory<br />

atri- or atrio- combining form NL atrium, fr. L 1 :atrium<br />

atrial atriopore 2 :atrial <strong>and</strong> atriocoelomic atrioventricular<br />

atro- combining form L atr-, ater black + E -o- : black <strong>and</strong><br />

atrocastaneous<br />

atto- combining form ISV, fr. Dan or Norw atten eighteen fr.<br />

ON ttjn + -o- : one quintillionth 10 −18 part <strong>of</strong> attogram

---

audio- 7<br />

benz-<br />

audio- combining form L audire to hear + E -o- 1 :hearing<br />

audiology audiometer 2 : sound : frequencies in the<br />

range <strong>of</strong> audible sound audiogenic 3 : auditory <strong>and</strong><br />

audiovisual<br />

audit- or audito- combining form ME audit-, fr. MF L MF<br />

audit-, fr. L, fr. auditus, past part. <strong>of</strong> audire to hear 1 :hearing<br />

: sound auditize 2 : auditory <strong>and</strong> auditopsychic<br />

auditosensory<br />

aul- or aulo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. aulos : flute : pipe<br />

aulophyte Aulacanthus Aulostomus<br />

aur- or auri- combining form L, fr. auris 1 : ear aural<br />

auriscope 2 :aural <strong>and</strong> aurinasal<br />

auri- combining form ME, fr. L, fr. aurum 1 :gold auriferous<br />

2 :<strong>of</strong>, relating to, or containing trivalent gold : auric<br />

auri-iodide auricyanide<br />

auriculo- combining form prob. fr. NL, fr. auricula auricle <strong>of</strong><br />

the heart, fr. L, external ear 1 :<strong>of</strong> or belonging to an auricle<br />

<strong>of</strong> the heart <strong>and</strong> auriculoventricular 2 :aural <strong>and</strong> auriculoparietal<br />

auriculotemporal<br />

auro- combining form ISV, fr. L aurum 1 a : gold aurophobia<br />

b :gold <strong>and</strong> auro-plumbiferous 2 :<strong>of</strong>, relating to, or<br />

containing univalent gold : aurous aurobromide aurothiosulfate<br />

austr- or austro- combining form, usu cap ME austr-, fr. L,<br />

south, fr. austr-, auster south wind, south akin to L aurora<br />

dawn 1 :south : southern austroasiatic Austroriparian 2<br />

: Australian <strong>and</strong> Austro-Malayan<br />

austr- or austro- combining form, usu cap prob. fr. NL, fr.<br />

Austria 1 : Austrian <strong>and</strong> Austro-Hungarian 2 : Austria<br />

austrium Austrophobia<br />

aut- or auto- combining form Gk, fr. autos perh. akin to L aut<br />

or 1 a : self : same one autecology autism autobiography<br />

autogenetic autokinetic autolysis b usu auto-<br />

: having similar genomes autohexaploid autopolyploid <br />

opposed to all- 2 :automatic : self-acting : self-regulating<br />

autoalarm aut<strong>of</strong>eed autowind 3 auto- a :<strong>of</strong>, by, affecting,<br />

or for the same individual autohemagglutination<br />

autovaccine b :self-caused : self-induced : occurring within<br />

ones own body sometimes pathologically autointoxication<br />

c :acting as an antibody on or produced as an antibody<br />

for a persons or animals own antigens autoagglutinin<br />

autohemolysin<br />

auto- combining form automobile : self-propelling : automotive<br />

autocab autocar<br />

automat- or automato- combining form Gk, self-acting, fr.<br />

automatos : self-acting : self-regulating : automatic<br />

automatin automatograph<br />

auxano- combining form ISV, fr. Gk auxanein to increase akin<br />

to Gk auxein to increase : growth auxanogram auxanology<br />

-auxe n combining form, pl -auxae NL, fr. Gk aux growth<br />

akin to Gk auxein to increase : enlargement : hypertrophy<br />

enterauxe<br />

auxo- combining form ISV, fr. Gk, fr. auxein to increase 1<br />

: growth auxobody auxosubstance : increase auxograph<br />

2 :accelerating : stimulating auxochrome<br />

ax- or axo- combining form ISV, fr. Gk axn axle, axis 1 :axis<br />

axophyte 2 :axis cylinder axite axodendrite<br />

axi- combining form L, axle, axis, fr. axis 1 :axis axiform<br />

2:axis cylinder axilemma<br />

axono- combining form ISV, fr. Gk axon-, axn axle, axis<br />

: axis axonometry Axonophora<br />

az- or azo- combining form ISV, fr. azote 1 :containing nitrogen<br />

azolitmin 2 azo- : containing the bivalent group<br />

NN composed <strong>of</strong> doubly bonded nitrogen atoms united<br />

usu. on both sides to carbon azomethane CHNNCH<br />

aza- or az- combining form ISV, fr. az- + -a- : containing<br />

nitrogen in place <strong>of</strong> carbon, usu. the group NH for the<br />

group CH or a single nitrogen atom N for the group<br />

CH azacyanine azaphenanthrene compare -,<br />

azido-<br />

combining form ISV, fr. azide + -o- : containing the uni-<br />

valent group N derived from hydrazoic acid azidoacetic<br />

acid<br />

azoxy- combining form ISV, fr. az- + oxy- : containing the<br />

bivalent group NON composed <strong>of</strong> two nitrogen atoms<br />

<strong>and</strong> one oxygen atom united usu. on both sides to carbon<br />

azoxynaphthalene CHNONCH<br />

azygo- combining form ISV, fr. Gk azygos : azygous azygospore<br />

bacill- or bacilli- or bacillo- combining form NL bacillus<br />

: bacillus bacillosis bacilliculture bacillogenic<br />

-bacter n combining form NL, fr. bacterium : bacterial organism<br />

in generic names Aerobacter Nitrobacter<br />

bacteri- or bacterio- combining form bacterium : bacteria<br />

: bacterial bacteriform bacterioblast bacteriolysis<br />

balne- or balneo- combining form L balne-, fr. balneum bath<br />

: bath : bathing balneal balneotherapy<br />

bar- or baro- combining form Gk baros : weight : pressure<br />

baragnosis barograph<br />

bary- combining form Gk bary-, fr. barys : heavy barylite<br />

barysphere<br />

baryt- or baryto- combining form ISV, fr. baryta : baryta<br />

: barytic barytocalcite<br />

basi- also baso- combining form ISV, fr. L basis 1 a : base<br />

: lower part basipetal b :at or near the base basifixed<br />

basigl<strong>and</strong>ular c :<strong>of</strong> or belonging to the base <strong>of</strong> basicranial<br />

2 a : chemical base basify b :subsilicic <strong>and</strong> basiophitic<br />

basidi- or basidio- combining form NL, fr. basidium : basidium<br />

: basidial basidiospore Basidiomycetes<br />

-bates n combining form NL, fr. Gk -bats one that goes, fr.<br />

bainein to go, walk : walker in generic names <strong>of</strong> animals<br />

Hydrobates Pelobates<br />

bath- or batho- combining form ISV, fr. Gk bathos, fr. bathys<br />

deep more at - 1 : depth bathic batholith<br />

bathometer bathophobia 2 : downward : lower<br />

bathochrome<br />

bathy- combining form ISV, fr. Gk, fr. bathys deep akin to W<br />

boddi to drown, Skt ghate he dives into 1 :deep bathyseism<br />

: depth bathythermograph 2 : deep-sea bathypelagic<br />

bathyplankton bathysphere 3 :inner parts <strong>of</strong> the<br />

body bathyesthesia<br />

batrach- or batracho- combining form ISV, fr. Gk, frog, fr.<br />

batrachos perh. akin to OHG kreta, krota toad 1 :frog : toad<br />

batrachophobia 2 :ranula batrachoplasty<br />

-batrachus n combining form NL, fr. Gk batrachos : batrachian<br />

in generic names <strong>of</strong> animals Megalobatrachus<br />

bdell- or bdello- combining form F NL, fr. Gk, fr. bdella<br />

: leech Bdelloura Bdelloida bdellotomy<br />

-bdella n combining form - NL, fr. Gk bdella : leech esp.<br />

in generic names in helminthology Malacobdella<br />

be- prefix ME, fr. OE be-, bi- akin to OE b by, near, OHG bibe-,<br />

b by, near, Goth bi- be-, bi by, about, at 1 :on : around<br />

: over bedaub besmear 2 :to a great or greater degree<br />

: thoroughly esp. in intensive verbs formed from simple<br />

verbs becudgel befuddle besmite bespatter berate<br />

3:excessively : ostentatiously in intensive verbs formed<br />

from simple verbs bedeck belaud <strong>and</strong> in adjectives based<br />

on adjectives ending in -ed beribboned befurbelowed 4<br />

: about : to : at : upon : against : across in transitive verbs<br />

formed from intransitive simple verbs bestride bespeak<br />

becroak 5 :make : cause to be : treat as in verbs formed<br />

from adjectives or nouns belittle benumb befool<br />

befriend 6 :call or dub esp. excessively in verbs formed<br />

from nouns belady berascal bedoctor 7 :affect, afflict,<br />

treat, provide, or cover with esp. excessively in verbs<br />

formed from nouns befamine bedevil beglue beblood<br />

<strong>and</strong> sometimes only in the form <strong>of</strong> a past participle or adjective<br />

ending in -ed becapped becobwebbed<br />

belgo- combining form, cap Belgium + -o- 1 : Belgium<br />

: Belgian Belgophile 2 :Belgium <strong>and</strong> Belgo-Luxembourg<br />

: Belgian <strong>and</strong> Belgo-Dutch<br />

benz- or benzo- combining form ISV, fr. benzoin prob. orig.

---

i- 8<br />

bronchi-<br />

formed in F 1 :related to benzene or benzoic acid benzazide<br />

benzopinacol 2 :containing a benzene ring fused<br />

on one side to one side <strong>of</strong> another ring benzacridine benzopyrone<br />

bi- prefix ME, fr. L akin to OE twi- more at - 1 a : two<br />

bimuscular bicycle biracial b :lasting two : coming or<br />

occurring every two biennial bimonthly biweekly c<br />

: into two parts bisect 2 a : twice : doubly : on both sides<br />

biconic biconvex biserrate b : coming or occurring<br />

two times bidiurnal biquarterly biweekly <strong>of</strong>ten disapproved<br />

in this sense because <strong>of</strong> the likelihood <strong>of</strong> confusion<br />

with sense 1b compare - 3 anat : between, involving, or<br />

affecting two specified symmetrical parts bigonial<br />

bi-iliac 4 chem a :containing one specified constituent in<br />

double the proportion <strong>of</strong> the other constituent or in double<br />

the ordinary proportion esp. in names <strong>of</strong> acid salts formed<br />

with twice as much acid as is required for a normal salt biurate<br />

b :- 2 esp. in names <strong>of</strong> organic compounds to<br />

denote the doubling <strong>of</strong> a radical or molecule bitolyl biphenol<br />

bi- or bio- combining form Gk, fr. bios mode <strong>of</strong> life 1 :life<br />

bioblast : living organisms or tissue biopsy biodynamics<br />

2 : biology : biological biopsychology 3 : biographical<br />

biopic : biographical <strong>and</strong> biocritical<br />

-bia n combining form NL, fr. fem. sing. <strong>and</strong> neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -bius<br />

having a specified mode <strong>of</strong> life more at - : one or<br />

ones having a specified mode <strong>of</strong> life in generic names as<br />

a singular Bryobia <strong>and</strong> in descriptive biological group<br />

names as a plural aerobia coenobia<br />

biblic- or biblico- combining form, <strong>of</strong>ten cap obs. biblic biblical<br />

prob. fr. ML biblicus, fr. biblia Bible + L -icus ic + E -o-<br />

: Bible biblicist : biblical <strong>and</strong> biblicoliterary<br />

biblio- combining form MF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. biblion : book<br />

bibliography bibliomania<br />

bicyclo- combining form ISV, fr. bicyclic chem : bicyclic bicycloalkane<br />

bili- combining form MF, fr. L, fr. bilis 1 :bile bilifaction 2<br />

: derived from bile bilirubin<br />

bin- combining form ME, fr. LL, fr. L bini two by two akin to<br />

OE twn twine 1 :two : two by two : two at a time binary<br />

binate binaural 2 chem : - 4 binoxalate binoxide<br />

in some words <strong>of</strong> which the last constituent begins with a<br />

vowel compare -<br />

-biont n combining form - prob. fr. G, modif. <strong>of</strong> Gk biount-,<br />

bin living, pres. part. <strong>of</strong> bioun to live, fr. bios mode <strong>of</strong> life<br />

: one having a specified mode <strong>of</strong> life aerobiont<br />

-biosis n combining form, pl -bioses NL, fr. Gk bisis, fr. bioun<br />

to live fr. bios mode <strong>of</strong> life + -sis -osis : mode <strong>of</strong> life aerobiosis<br />

necrobiosis<br />

-biotic adj combining form prob. fr. NL -bioticus, fr. Gk<br />

bitikos 1 :relating to life : life antibiotic 2 :having a<br />

specified mode <strong>of</strong> life aerobiotic necrobiotic<br />

bis- combining form L, fr. bis 1 a : both : <strong>of</strong> or belonging to<br />

both chiefly in anatomical or medical words <strong>of</strong> which the<br />

second constituent begins with a vowel bisischiatic b :two<br />

bismarine 2 :twice : doubled esp. in complex chemical<br />

expressions bisdimethylamino- bisquarternary<br />

bismut- or bismuto- combining form G bismut-, bismuto-, fr.<br />

bismut now wismut : bismuth bismutite bismutoplagionite<br />

-bium n combining form, pl -bia NL, fr. neut. <strong>of</strong> -bius : organism<br />

or group having a specified mode <strong>of</strong> life in taxonomic<br />

names Anobium <strong>and</strong> group names coenobium in<br />

biology<br />

-bius n combining form NL, fr. -bius having a specified mode<br />

<strong>of</strong> life, fr. Gk -bios, fr. bios mode <strong>of</strong> life : one that has a specified<br />

mode <strong>of</strong> life chiefly in generic names in zoology<br />

Enterobius<br />

blast- or blasto- combining form G blast-, blasto-, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

blastos 1 :bud : budding : germ : embryo in its early stages<br />

blastoderm 2 :metamorphic <strong>and</strong> blastogranitic<br />

-blast n combining form - NL -blastus, fr. Gk blastos akin to<br />

OE molda top <strong>of</strong> the head, Gk blthros tall, melathron ro<strong>of</strong>,<br />

Skt mrdhan head, Toch A malto first 1 biol a :germ : shoot<br />

: sprout b :embryonic or formative cell in names <strong>of</strong> formative<br />

cells corresponding to names <strong>of</strong> fully developed cells<br />

ending in -cyte erythroblast c :germ layer : formative layer<br />

<strong>of</strong> cells splanchnoblast d :formative constituent unit <strong>of</strong> living<br />

matter idioblast 2 geol : crystal formed during metamorphism<br />

porphyroblast<br />

-blastic adj combining form ISV, fr. -blast + -ic : sprouting or<br />

germinating in a specified way heteroblastic : having<br />

such or so many sprouts, buds, or germ layers calyptoblastic<br />

monoblastic<br />

-blasty n combining form - ISV, fr. -blastic + -y : manner or<br />

condition <strong>of</strong> germinating heteroblasty<br />

blephar- or blepharo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. blepharon<br />

1 :eyelid blepharitis blepharospasm : <strong>of</strong> the eyelid<br />

<strong>and</strong> blepharoconjunctivitis 2 :cilium : flagellum blepharoplast<br />

bor- or boro- combining form ISV, fr. boron : boron borism<br />

boryl boroarsenate<br />

bothr- or bothro- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. bothros<br />

: trough : pit bothrenchyma chiefly in generic names<br />

Bothrodendron Bothrops<br />

bothri- or bothrio- combining form NL, fr. bothrium : bothrium<br />

bothrithorax Bothriolepis<br />

botry- or botryo- combining form Gk, fr. botrys 1 :bunch <strong>of</strong><br />

grapes botryose 2 :botryoid botryolite<br />

bovi- combining form LL bovi-, fr. L bov-, bos : cattle boviculture<br />

brachi- or brachio- combining form L brachi- NL brachio-,<br />

fr. L brachium 1 : arm brachiferous brachiotomy 2<br />

: brachial <strong>and</strong> brachi<strong>of</strong>acial<br />

brachy- combining form Gk, fr. brachys 1 :short brachycephalic<br />

2 :brachydiagonal in terms in crystallography<br />

brachydome<br />

brady- combining form MF NL, fr. Gk bradys 1 :slow<br />

bradycardia : dull bradyacusia 2 : - bradydactylia<br />

-branch n combining form - NL -branchia ones having such<br />

or so many gills -branchus one having such or so many<br />

gills fr. Gk branchos gill, irreg. fr. Gk branchia gills 1 :one<br />

having such or so many gills cryptobranch dibranch 2<br />

: gill arthrobranch : organ like a gill actinobranch<br />

branchi- or branchio- combining form NL branchio-, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

branchia 1 : gills branchiferous branchiogenous 2<br />

: branchial <strong>and</strong> branchiocardiac<br />

-branchia n pl combining form NL, fr. L branchia : ones having<br />

such or so many gills in taxonomic names in zoology<br />

Cryptobranchia Tetrabranchia<br />

-branchia n combining form, pl -branchiae NL, fr. L branchia<br />

: gill podobranchia : organ like a gill pulmobranchia<br />

brevi- combining form L, fr. brevis : short brevi-conic brevilingual<br />

brito- n combining form, cap prob. fr. L Brito 1 :<strong>of</strong> or belonging<br />

to the Britons <strong>and</strong> Brito-Roman 2 : British <strong>and</strong><br />

Brito-Japanese 3 :Britain Britocentric<br />

brom- or bromo- combining form ISV, prob. fr. F brome<br />

bromine, fr. Gk brmos bad smell 1 : bromine bromhydrate<br />

bromoprene 2 now usu bromo- : containing bromine<br />

in place <strong>of</strong> hydrogen in names <strong>of</strong> organic compounds bromoacetic<br />

acid 3 now usu bromo- : containing bromine<br />

regarded as replacing hydroxyl or oxygen or as coordinated to<br />

a central atom in names <strong>of</strong> inorganic acids <strong>and</strong> salts bromoauric<br />

acid 4 :containing bromine as bromide <strong>and</strong> sometimes<br />

replacing another element or group in names <strong>of</strong><br />

minerals <strong>and</strong> salts occurring as minerals<br />

bronch- or broncho- combining form prob. fr. F bronch-, broncho-<br />

trachea, throat, fr. LL broncho-, fr. Gk bronch-, broncho-,<br />

fr. bronchos 1 :throat bronchocele 2 :bronchial bronchitis<br />

bronchophony 3 : bronchial <strong>and</strong> bronchopulmonary<br />

bronchi- or bronchio- combining form prob. fr. NL bronchi-, fr.

---

ont- 9<br />

-cele<br />

LL bronchium : bronchia bronchiectasis bronchiocrisis<br />

bront- or bronto- combining form Gk, fr. bront akin to Gk<br />

bremein to roar, bromos loud noise : thunder brontide<br />

brontometer <strong>of</strong>ten in generic names esp. <strong>of</strong> large animals<br />

Brontops Brontotherium<br />

bry- or bryo- combining form NL, moss, fr. Gk bryo- moss,<br />

catkin, fr. bryon perh. akin to OHG krt herb, cabbage<br />

: moss Bryaceae bryology<br />

bucco- combining form prob. fr. NL, fr. L bucca cheek : buccal<br />

<strong>and</strong> buccogingival buccolingual<br />

bulb- or bulbo- combining form MF L MF bulb-, fr. L, fr.<br />

bulbus 1 : bulb bulbar Bulbocodium 2 : bulbar <strong>and</strong><br />

bulbospinal<br />

-bulia also -boulia n combining form - NL -bulia, fr. Gk -boulia,<br />

fr. boul will prob. akin to Gk ballein to throw : condition<br />

<strong>of</strong> having such will hyperbulia<br />

-bulic also -boulic adj combining form ISV, fr. NL -bulia + ISV<br />

-ic : <strong>of</strong>, relating to, or characterized by a specified state <strong>of</strong><br />

the will<br />

-burger n combining form - hamburger 1 a : patty <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

kind <strong>of</strong> food usu. meat or a meat substitute porkburger<br />

nutburger b :s<strong>and</strong>wich made <strong>of</strong> such a patty porkburger<br />

2 :s<strong>and</strong>wich with a filling consisting <strong>of</strong> a hamburger<br />

patty topped with a specified food cheeseburger<br />

but- or buto- combining form ISV, fr. butyric : containing a<br />

group <strong>of</strong> four carbon atoms butane butene butopyronoxyl<br />

butoxy- combining form ISV, fr. butoxyl : containing butoxyl<br />

butyr- or butyro- combining form ISV, fr. butyric : butyric<br />

: related to butyric acid or butyraldehyde butyraldol butyronitrile<br />

cac- or caco- combining form NL, fr. Gk kak-, kako-, fr. kakos<br />

bad 1 :bad caconym : incorrect cacoepy : unpleasant<br />

cacophonous 2 :diseased cacochylia<br />

-cace n combining form - Gk kak badness, fr. kakos bad<br />

: diseased or vitiated condition <strong>of</strong> a specified bodily part<br />

arthrocace carpocace<br />

-cade n combining form - cavalcade : procession motorcade<br />

: spectacle aquacade<br />

-caine n combining form - G -kain, fr. kokain, cocaine : synthetic<br />

alkaloid anesthetic dibucaine procaine<br />

calam- or calami- or calamo- combining form NL, fr. Gk<br />

kalam-, kalamo-, fr. kalamos reed : reed : reedlike<br />

Calamagrostis calamiferous Calamodendron<br />

calc- or calci- or calco- combining form L calc-, calx lime : calcium<br />

: calcium salts calcite calcimeter calcospherite<br />

calcaneo- combining form calcaneum : calcaneal <strong>and</strong> calcaneoastragalar<br />

calcaneocuboid<br />

calcareo- combining form calcareous : calcareous calcareocorneous<br />

calcareosulfurous<br />

calcio- combining form calcium : calcium used chiefly in<br />

names <strong>of</strong> minerals calciobiotite<br />

calli- or callo- or cali- or calo- combining form calli- fr. L, fr.<br />

Gk kalli-, fr. kallos beauty akin to Gk kalos beautiful, Skt<br />

kalya healthy calo- fr. ML, fr. Gk kalo-, fr. kalos callo- <br />

cali- fr. blending <strong>of</strong> other forms : beautiful calligraph<br />

Callorynchus Calimeris : white calomel : beauty<br />

Calliphora<br />

calori- combining form L, fr. calor : heat calorimeter<br />

calyc- or calyco- combining form NL, fr. Gk kalyk-, kalyko-, fr.<br />

kalyk-, kalyx : calyx calycoid Calycophora<br />

calyci- combining form L calyc-, calyx : calyx calyciferous<br />

calycifloral<br />

calyptri- or calyptro- combining form NL calyptra : calyptra<br />

: hood : cap calyptriform calyptrogen<br />

-campa n combining form NL, fr Gk kamp prob. akin to Gk<br />

kamp bend, turning : caterpillar in generic names <strong>of</strong><br />

insects Lasiocampa Taeniocampa<br />

camph- or campho- combining form NL camphora : camphor<br />

camphene camphocarboxylic<br />

campto- combining form NL, fr. Gk kamptos flexible akin to<br />

Gk kamp bend : bent : curved camptodrome Camptosorus<br />

-capnia n combining form, pl -capnias or -capniae NL, fr. Gk<br />

kapnos smoke + NL -ia akin to L cupere to desire : carbon<br />

dioxide in the blood hypercapnia hypocapnia<br />

capri- combining form L, fr. capr-, caper : goat Capricorn<br />

capsul- or capsuli- or capsulo- combining form NL, fr. capsula<br />

: capsule capsulitis capsuliform capsulolenticular<br />

carb- or carbo- combining form F, fr. carbone : carbon : carbonic<br />

: carbonyl : carboxyl carbodiimide carbohydrazide<br />

carbohydrate<br />

carbol- combining form ISV carb- + L oleum oil orig. formed<br />

as G karbol- : carbolic acid carboluria carbolxylol carbolate<br />

carboni- combining form L carbon-, carbo ember, charcoal<br />

: coal carboniferous carbonigenous<br />

carboxy- or carbox- combining form ISV, fr. carboxyl : carboxyl<br />

carboxamide carboxyphenyl<br />

carcin- or carcino- combining form Gk karkin-, karkino-, fr.<br />

karkinos 1 :crab carcinology 2 :tumor carcinogenic<br />

: cancer carcinemia carcinosarcoma<br />

cardi- or cardia- or cardio- combining form Gk kardi-, kardio-,<br />

fr. kardia 1 : heart : cardiac cardiagra cardioaortic<br />

cardioptosis cardiopuncture 2 : heart action cardiagram<br />

-cardia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk kardia 1 :heart action<br />

or location <strong>of</strong> a specified type dextrocardia tachycardia<br />

2 a : animal or animals having a specified type <strong>of</strong> heart<br />

Diplocardia Leptocardia b :heart-shaped animal esp.<br />

in generic names <strong>of</strong> mollusks<br />

-cardium n combining form, pl -cardia NL, fr. Gk -kardion, fr.<br />

kardia : heart endocardium mesocardium<br />

caric- or carico- combining form NL Caric-, Carex : carex<br />

: sedges caricetum caricology<br />

cario- combining form caries : caries cariogenic cariostatic<br />

-caris n combining form NL, fr. L caris, a kind <strong>of</strong> sea crab, fr.<br />

Gk karis perh. akin to Gk kara head : shrimp : prawn in<br />

generic names <strong>of</strong> crustacea Echinocaris<br />

carp- or carpo- combining form F NL, fr. Gk karp-, karpo-,<br />

fr. karpos fruit : fruit Carpoidea carpology<br />

carp- or carpo- combining form NL, fr. Gk karp-, karpo-, fr.<br />

karpos wrist : carpus carpitis : carpus <strong>and</strong> carpometacarpus<br />

: carpal <strong>and</strong> carpopedal<br />

-carp also -carpium n combining form, pl -carps also -carpia<br />

NL -carpium, fr. Gk -karpion, fr. karpos fruit 1 :part <strong>of</strong> a<br />

fruit pericarp : fruit schizocarp amphicarpium 2 NL<br />

-carpus, fr. Gk -karpos -carpous, fr. karpos : plant having<br />

fruit in a specified place acrocarp pleurocarp<br />

-carpic adj combining form prob. fr. NL -carpicus, fr. Gk karpos<br />

fruit + L -icus -ic : - eucarpic<br />

-carpous adj combining form NL -carpus, fr. Gk -karpos, fr.<br />

karpos fruit : fruited : having such fruit or so many<br />

fruits syncarpous monocarpous -carpy n combining<br />

form -<br />

-carpus n combining form NL, fr. Gk -karpos -carpous : plant<br />

having such fruit in generic names Corynocarpus<br />

Thysanocarpus<br />

case- or caseo- combining form casein : casein casease<br />

caseolysis<br />

cata- or cat- or cath- prefix Gk kata-, kat-, kath-, fr. kata down<br />

akin to OW cant with, along, Hitt katta under, with, L comwith,<br />

together more at - 1 :down cation catabiotic<br />

2 :against catabaptist<br />

cato- prefix Gk kat-, fr. kat downwards, fr. kata down <br />

more at - : down : lower catogene Catostomus<br />

caud- or caudi- or caudo- combining form L cauda : tail caudad<br />

caudiform : caudal <strong>and</strong> caudodorsal<br />

caul- or cauli- or caulo- combining form cauli- fr. L caulis<br />

caul-, caulo- fr. NL, fr. Gk. kaul-, kaulo-, fr. kaulos : stem<br />

: stalk caulome cauliflory<br />

cec- or ceci- or ceco- or caec- or caeci- or caeco- combining form<br />

NL, fr. cecum : cecum cecectomy ceciform cecitis<br />

cecocolic<br />

-cele n combining form - MF, fr. L, fr. Gk kl tumor akin to

---

cell- 10<br />

choan-<br />

OE hala hydrocele, hernia, OHG hla hernia, ON haull,<br />

OSlav kyla : tumor : hernia cystocele gastrocele<br />

cell- or cello- combining form cellulose : cellulose<br />

Cellfalcicula cellobiose<br />

-celled adj combining form : having such or so many cells<br />

nerve-celled single-celled organisms<br />

cellul- or celluli- or cellulo- combining form NL, fr. cellula 1<br />

: plant or animal cell cellulicidal cellulotoxic 2 :cellular<br />

<strong>and</strong> cellul<strong>of</strong>ibrous<br />

cellul- or cellulo- also cellu- combining form cellulose : cellulose<br />

celluloid, cellulolytic<br />

cen- or ceno- or caen- or caeno- combining form Gk kain-,<br />

kaino-, fr. kainos new 1 :recent cenozoic 2 :novel cenogenesis<br />

-cene adj combining form Gk kainos new : recent in names<br />

<strong>of</strong> geologic periods eocene<br />

centi- combining form F L F, hundredth, fr. L, hundred, fr.<br />

centum hundred 1 :hundred centipede 2 :hundredth part<br />

centimeter centinormal chiefly in terms belonging to<br />

the metric system<br />

centr- or centro- combining form Gk kentr-, kentro-, fr. kentron<br />

center, sharp point 1 :center centroid : central <strong>and</strong> centrodorsal<br />

2 :spiny centrarchid centrosema<br />

centri- combining form NL, fr. L : center centrifugal<br />

centriole<br />

-centric adj combining form ME -sentrik in consentrik concentric,<br />

fr. ML -centricus in concentricus concentric, eccentricus<br />

eccentric : having such a center or such or so many<br />

centers heterocentric homocentric polycentric : having<br />

something specified as its center anthropocentric heliocentric<br />

cephal- or cephalo- combining form L, fr. Gk kephal-, kephalo-,<br />

fr. kephal head 1 :head cephalitis cephalometer 2<br />

: cephalic <strong>and</strong> cephal<strong>of</strong>acial<br />

-cephalic adj combining form NL -cephalus, F -céphale, E<br />

-cephalous + E -ic : -headed : having such a head or so<br />

many heads brachycephalic discocephalic bicephalic<br />

-cephalism n combining form - -cephaly n combining<br />

form -<br />

-cephalous adj combining form Gk -kephalos, fr. kephal<br />

: -<br />

-cephalus n combining form NL, fr. Gk -kephalos 1 pl -cephali<br />

: cephalic abnormality <strong>of</strong> a specified type microcephalus<br />

hydrocephalus 2 pl -cephali or -cephala : organism having<br />

a specified type <strong>of</strong> head Ichthyocephali Phanerocephala<br />

cer- or cero- combining form Gk kr-, kro-, fr. kros : wax<br />

cerophilous cerotype<br />

-cera n combining form, pl -cera NL, fr. Gk keras horn<br />

: horned one : horned ones in taxonomic names in zoology<br />

Acrocera Cladocera Nematocera<br />

-ceras n combining form NL, fr. Gk keras : horned one in<br />

generic names <strong>of</strong> plants <strong>and</strong> animals Cyrtoceras<br />

Dinoceras<br />

cerat- or cerato- also kerat- or kerato- combining form NL, fr.<br />

Gk kerat-, kerato-, fr. keras horn 1 : horn : horny<br />

Ceratodos 2 usu kerat- or kerato- : cornea keratitis<br />

ceraun- or cerauno- combining form Gk keraun-, kerauno-, fr.<br />

keraunos thunderbolt akin to Gk kr death : thunder ceraunograph<br />

ceraunophone<br />

cerc- or cerco- combining form NL, fr. Gk kerk-, kerko-, fr.<br />

kerkos tail : tail : tailed cercaria cercopod<br />

-cercal adj combining form F -cerque fr. Gk kerkos tail + E<br />

-al : tailed homocercal isocercal<br />

-cercy n combining form - ISV -cercal + -y prob. orig.<br />

formed as F -cerquie : tail formation <strong>of</strong> a specified type<br />

diphycercy<br />

cerebell- or cerebelli- or cerebello- combining form cerebellum<br />

1:cerebellum cerebellitis 2 :cerebellar : cerebellar <strong>and</strong><br />

cerebellocortex cerebellospinal<br />

cerebr- or cerebri- or cerebro- combining form cerebrum 1<br />

: brain : cerebrum cerebroid cerebriform cerebroscope<br />

2:cerebral <strong>and</strong> cerebrospinal<br />

-cerus n combining form NL, fr. Gk -kers, fr. keras horn<br />

: horned one in generic names <strong>of</strong> insects Tetracerus<br />

cervi- combining form F NL, fr. L cervus : deer<br />

Cervicapra<br />

cervic- or cervici- or cervico- combining form L cervic-, cervix<br />

neck : neck cervicodynia : cervix <strong>of</strong> an organ cervicectomy<br />

: cervical <strong>and</strong> cervic<strong>of</strong>acial<br />

cet- or ceto- combining form F cét-, céto-, NL cet-, ceto-, fr. L<br />

cetus : whale cetyl cetotolite Cetorhinus<br />

chaet- or chaeto- combining form NL, fr. Gk chait : bristle<br />

: hair Chaetodon chaetophorous<br />

-chaeta n combining form NL, fr. Gk -chaits -haired, fr.<br />

chait 1 also -chaetes or -chaetus : haired one : hairlike one<br />

in generic names Spirochaeta Connochaetes 2 pl<br />

-chaetae : bristle <strong>of</strong> a specified type microchaeta<br />

chalc- or chalco- also chalk- or chalko- combining form F L,<br />

fr. Gk chalk-, chalko-, fr. chalkos copper, prob. akin to Lith<br />

geleis iron, Russ zhelezo : copper : brass : bronze chalcomenite<br />

chalcomancy<br />

chamae- or chame- combining form NL, fr. Gk chamai on the<br />

ground : low : ground Chamaerops Chamaesaura <br />

used chiefly in generic names <strong>of</strong> plants <strong>and</strong> animals<br />

-cheilia also -chilia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk -cheils<br />

having such lips fr. cheilos lip + NL -ia more at -<br />

: lip formation <strong>of</strong> a specified type macrocheilia<br />

chel- or cheli- combining form NL, fr. chela : claw chelicera<br />

chem- or chemo- or chemico- also chemi- or chemio- combining<br />

form chem- chemo- fr. NL, fr. LGk chmeia alchemy<br />

chemico- fr. chemical chemi- chemio- prob. fr. Dan kemi-,<br />

fr. kemi chemistry, fr. LGk chmeia 1 :chemical : chemistry<br />

chemosmosis chemotaxis 2 : chemically chemisorb<br />

chemiotropic : chemical <strong>and</strong> chemicophysical<br />

chen- or cheno- combining form Gk chn-, chno-, fr. chn<br />

: goose Chenopodium<br />

chiasto- combining form G, fr. Gk chiastos : marked with or<br />

characterized by a cross : crossed at right angles<br />

chiasto-basidium<br />

chil- or chilo- also cheil- or cheilo- combining form NL, fr. Gk<br />

cheil-, cheilo-, fr. cheilos : lip Chilopsis Chilomastix<br />

chin- or chino- combining form alter. influenced by G chin-,<br />

chino-, fr. chinin quinine <strong>of</strong> quin-, quino- : quinine chinotoxine<br />

chinol<br />

chino- combining form, usu cap China : Chinese <strong>and</strong><br />

Chino-Japanese compare chion-<br />

or chiono- also chio- combining form chion-, chiono- fr.<br />

NL, fr. Gk, fr. chin snow chio- fr. G NL, fr. Gk chin<br />

akin to Gk cheimn winter : snow chionanthus chiolite<br />

chionodoxa<br />

chir- or chiro- also cheir- or cheiro- combining form L chir-,<br />

chiro-, fr. Gk cheir-, cheiro-, fr. cheir akin to Alb dore h<strong>and</strong>,<br />

Hitt kesar, Toch A tsar : h<strong>and</strong> chiragra chiromancy<br />

cheirology<br />

-chiria or -cheiria n combining form - NL, fr. Gk -cheiria, fr.<br />

cheir h<strong>and</strong> more at - : -h<strong>and</strong>edness allochiria<br />

macrochiria<br />

-chirurgia n combining form - NL, fr. L chirurgia : surgery<br />

: cutting enterochirurgia pneumochirurgia<br />

chlamyd- or chlamydo- combining form NL, fr. Gk chlamyd-,<br />

chlamys : mantle chlamydospore Chlamydozoa<br />

chlor- or chloro- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. chlros greenish<br />

yellow 1 :green chlorophyll chlorophane 2 :yellowish<br />

green : pale green : anemic chlorosis 3 a : chlorine<br />

chlorhydrate chlor<strong>of</strong>orm b now usu chloro- : containing<br />

chlorine in place <strong>of</strong> hydrogen in names <strong>of</strong> organic compounds<br />

chloroaniline c now usu chloro- : containing chlorine<br />

regarded as replacing hydroxyl or oxygen or as coordinated<br />

to a central atom in names <strong>of</strong> inorganic acids <strong>and</strong><br />

salts chloroauric acid chlorochromate d : containing<br />

chlorine as chloride sometimes replacing another element or<br />

group in names <strong>of</strong> minerals <strong>and</strong> salts occurring as minerals<br />

chlorosulfate<br />

choan- or choano- combining form NL, fr. Gk choan funnel,

---

-choerus 11<br />

-clast<br />

fr. chein to pour : funnel : funnel-shaped opening or part<br />

choanate choanocyte<br />

-choerus n combining form NL, fr. Gk choiros pig akin to L<br />

horrre to bristle : pig : piglike animal in generic names in<br />

zoology Hydrochoerus<br />

chol- or chole- or cholo- combining form Gk chol-, chol-,<br />

cholo-, fr. chol, cholos : bile : gall cholane cholelith<br />

chologenetic<br />

chondr- or chondri- or chondro- combining form NL, fr. Gk<br />

chondr-, chondro-, fr. chondros grain, cartilage 1 :cartilage<br />

: cartilaginous <strong>and</strong> chondrectomy chondrify chondro-osseous<br />

chondrocele 2 :grain chondrite<br />

chondri- or chondrio- combining form G, fr. Gk chondrion<br />

small grain, dim. <strong>of</strong> chondros : grain : granular chondriosome<br />

chondriosomal chondriocont chondriome<br />

chor- or choro- combining form L, fr. Gk chr-, chro-, fr.<br />

chros place, clear space akin to Gk chros left, bereaved<br />

: place : l<strong>and</strong> chorepiscopus chorology<br />

chord- or chordo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. chord gut,<br />

string : an anatomical cord: as a :vocal cord chorditis b<br />

: spinal cord chordotomy c :notochord Chordata<br />

-chord n combining form - partly fr. ME -corde in monacorde<br />

monochord, fr. MF, fr. LL -chordon, fr. Gk. fr. -chordos<br />

stringed, fr. chord string partly fr. ML -chordium in<br />

clavichordium clavichord, fr. L chorda string, fr. Gk chord<br />

1:musical instrument having such or so many strings lyrichord<br />

2 :musical scale or interval <strong>of</strong> a specified extent<br />

hexachord<br />

-chord adj combining form LL -chordus, fr. Gk -chordos<br />

: having so many strings septichord<br />

-chore n combining form - Gk chrein to withdraw, advance,<br />

go, spread akin to Gk chros left, bereaved : plant distributed<br />

by a specified means or agency zoochore -chorous<br />

adj combining form -chory n combining form -<br />

choreo- also chore- or chorio- combining form choreo-, chore-,<br />

fr. F choréo-, choré-, fr. Gk choreia dance, fr. choros dance,<br />

place for dancing chorio-, alter. <strong>of</strong> choreo- : dance choreomania<br />

choreography<br />

chori- or chorio- combining form NL, fr. Gk chorio-, fr. chorion<br />

1 :chorion : chorionic choriocarcinoma chorioma 2<br />

: choroid : choroid <strong>and</strong> choriocele chorioretinal<br />

chori- combining form NL, fr. Gk chri, chris apart akin to<br />

Gk chros left, bereaved : separated : distinct choripetalous<br />

chorist- or choristo- combining form NL, fr. Gk christos separable<br />

: separated : misplaced choristoblastoma choristoma<br />

christo- combining form, cap LGk, fr. Gk Christos : Christ<br />

Christocentric Christolatry Christocracy<br />

-chroia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk, fr. -chroos -chroous +<br />

-ia : coloration dyschroia : discoloration cyanochroia<br />

-chroic adj combining form Gk i-chroos -chroous + ISV -ic<br />

: - erythrochroic<br />

chrom- or chromo- combining form F, fr. Gk chrma color 1<br />

: chromium chromammine chromoarsenate 2 a : color<br />

: colored chromidrosis chromometer b :pigment : pigmented<br />

chromocyte chromogen<br />

-chromasia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk chrmat-, chrma<br />

color + NL -ia 1 :color achromasia 2 :stainability : colorability<br />

polychromasia<br />

chromat- or chromato- combining form Gk chrmat-, chrma<br />

color 1 :color chromatology : colored chromatopsia 2<br />

: chromatin chromatolysis<br />

-chrome n or adj combining form ML -chromat-, chroma colored<br />

thing, fr. Gk chrmat-, chrma color 1 :colored thing<br />

: colored monochrome 2 :coloring matter endochrome<br />

-chromia n combining form - NL, fr. LGk -chrmia, fr. Gk<br />

-chrmos colored fr. chrma color + -ia : state <strong>of</strong> pigmentation<br />

anisochromia<br />

-chromy n combining form - Gk chrma color + ISV -y<br />

prob. orig. formed as G -chromie : painting : coloring<br />

lithochromy stereochromy<br />

-chromy n combining form - NL -chromia : -<br />

chron- or chrono- combining form Gk, fr. chronos : time<br />

chronaxie chronogram<br />

-chronous adj combining form Gk -chronos, fr. chronos time<br />

: <strong>of</strong> such a time or period homeochronous isochronous<br />

-chroous adj combining form Gk -chroos, fr. chrs skin, color<br />

: -colored isochroous<br />

chrys- or chryso- combining form Gk, fr. chrysos gold : gold<br />

: golden : yellow chrysamine chrysophyll<br />

chyl- or chyli- or chylo- combining form F or NL, fr. Gk chyl-,<br />

chylo-, fr. chylos 1 :chyle chyluria chyliform chylocyst<br />

2:juice chylocauly<br />

-chylia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk, fr. chyl- + -ia : condition<br />

<strong>of</strong> having such chyle achylia<br />

-cidal adj combining form LL -cidalis, fr. L -cida + -alis -al 1<br />

: killing : having power to kill filaricidal 2 :cutting loculicidal<br />

-cide n combining form - MF, fr. L -cida, fr. caedere to kill 1<br />

: killer fratricide insecticide 2 MF, fr. L -cidium, fr.<br />

caedere : killing homicide suicide<br />

cili- or cilii- or cilio- combining form NL, fr. cilia 1 :ciliary<br />

body ciliotomy : ciliary body <strong>and</strong> cilioretinal 2 :cilia<br />

ciliferous ciliiform ciliograde<br />

cine- combining form cinema : motion picture cinecamera<br />

cinefilm cine-X ray<br />

cinnam- or cinnamo- combining form F, fr. L cinnamum 1 :cinnamon<br />

cinnamodendron 2 :cinnamic acid cinnamoyl<br />

cion- or ciono- combining form NL, fr. Gk kion-, kiono-, fr.<br />

kion-, kin pillar, uvula 1 :uvula cionitis cionotomy 2<br />

: pillar cionocranial<br />

circum- prefix OF or L OF, fr. L, fr. circum round about, fr.<br />

circus circle 1 adverbially : around : about : on all sides circumrotate<br />

circumgyration 2 prepositionally : around : surrounding<br />

circumbasal circumcorneal circumlunar<br />

: revolving around circumsolar 3 :circumscribed circumpolygon<br />

cirr- or cirri- or cirro- also cirrhi- or cirrho- combining form L<br />

cirrus curl 1 :cirrus <strong>of</strong> a plant or animal cirriferous cirrigrade<br />

2 :cirrus cloud cirrostratus<br />

cirs- or cirso- combining form MF, fr. Gk kirs-, kirso-, fr. kirsos<br />

: swollen vein : varix cirsoid cirsotomy<br />

cis- prefix L, fr. cis 1 :on this side : on the nearer side <br />

<strong>of</strong>ten joined to second element with a hyphen cisalpine<br />

cis-Alleghany compare -, - 2 :nearer in time<br />

: since cisatomic<br />

citr- or citri- or citro- combining form NL, fr. Citrus 1 :citrus<br />

citropsis citriculture 2 a : citric acid citramide b :citrate<br />

citrochloride<br />

citra- prefix ML, fr. L citra : cis- citramontane opposed<br />

to ultraclad-<br />

or clado- combining form NL, fr. Gk klad-, klado-, fr. klados<br />

: slip : sprout cladanthous cladophyll<br />

-cladous adj combining form NL -cladus, fr. Gk -klados, fr. klados<br />

sprout, twig : branched acanthocladous<br />

-clase n combining form - F, fr. Gk klasis breaking, fr. klan to<br />

break : a mineral having a specified kind <strong>of</strong> cleavage clinoclase<br />

plagioclase<br />

-clasia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk klasis breaking fr. klan<br />

to break + NL -ia : breaking arthroclasia : breaking up<br />

hemoclasia<br />

-clasis n combining form, pl -clases NL, fr. Gk klasis : -<br />

diaclasis<br />

-clasite n combining form - ISV -clase + -ite orig. formed as G<br />

-klasit : -<br />

classico- combining form F, fr. classique 1 :classical : classical<br />

<strong>and</strong> classico-Lombardic 2 :the classics classicolatry<br />

-clast n combining form - ML -clastes, fr. MGk -klasts, fr.<br />

Gk klan to break 1 :one that breaks or destroys iconoclast<br />

biblioclast 2 G -klast, fr. ML -clastes : something that<br />

breaks or destroys esp : a tool for breaking cranioclast<br />

-clast n combining form - back-formation fr. -clastic : rock<br />

composed <strong>of</strong> fragmental material <strong>of</strong> a specified type pyroclast<br />

cataclast

---

-clastic 12<br />

com-<br />

-clastic adj combining form -clast + -ic 1 a : breaking,<br />

destroying iconoclastic mythoclastic b : disintegrating<br />

proteoclastic 2 Gk klastos broken fr. klan to break + E<br />

-ic : curved anticlastic<br />

-clastic n combining form - : breaker : destroyer dendroclastic<br />

panclastic<br />

-clastic adj combining form ISV -clast fr. Gk klastos broken<br />

+ -ic orig. formed as G -klastisch : composed <strong>of</strong> fragmental<br />

material <strong>of</strong> a specified type used in names <strong>of</strong> rocks cryptoclastic<br />

pyroclastic<br />

clavi- or clavo- combining form ML clavi-, fr. L, fr. clavis key<br />

1:key : keyboard clavichord clavilux 2 NL clavi-, clavo-,<br />

fr. L clavi- : clavicle : clavicular : clavicular <strong>and</strong> clavipectoral<br />

clavodeltoid<br />

clavi- combining form NL, fr. L, fr. clava perh. akin to L<br />

clavis : club Clavicornia claviform<br />

claviculo- combining form NL clavicula clavicle : clavicular<br />

<strong>and</strong> claviculohumeral<br />

-cle n suffix - ME, fr. OF, fr. L -culus, -cula, -culum : little<br />

one denticle corpuscle funicle -cular adj suffix<br />

cleid- or cleido- combining form NL, fr. Gk kleid-, kleido-, fr.<br />

kleid-, kleis key akin to L clavis key 1 a : clavicle : clavicular<br />

cleidagra b :clavicular <strong>and</strong> cleidoscapular 2 :key<br />

cleidomancy<br />

-cleisis or -clisis n combining form, pl -cleises or -clises NL, fr.<br />

GK klisis, kleisis, fr. kleiein to close : closure : occlusion<br />

arthrocleisis enteroclisis<br />

cleist- or cleisto- also clist- or clisto- combining form G kleist-,<br />

kleisto-, fr. Gk kleistos akin to Gk kleis key : closed cleistocarp<br />

cleistogamy<br />

clerico- combining form LL clericus priest : clerical : clerical<br />

<strong>and</strong> clericopolitical cleric<strong>of</strong>ascist<br />

clin- or clino- combining form NL, fr. Gk klin-, klino-, fr. klin<br />

couch akin to Gk klinein to lean 1 :bed clinium clinoid<br />

2:lean : slant clinochlore clinometer 3 :decline clinology<br />

4 clino- mineralogy : monoclinic<br />

-clinal adj or n combining form ISV -clin- fr. Gk -klins leaning,<br />

fr. klinein to lean + -al 1 :sloping : slope centroclinal<br />

2:- matroclinal<br />

-cline n combining form - back-formation fr. -clinal 1 :slope<br />

anticline 2 :gradient : layer thermocline<br />

-clinic adj combining form ISV -clin- fr. Gk -klins leaning,<br />

bending, fr. klinein to lean + -ic 1 :inclining : dipping isoclinic<br />

2 :having a certain number <strong>of</strong> oblique intersections<br />

<strong>of</strong> the axes monoclinic triclinic 3 :- matroclinic<br />

clinico- combining form clinical : clinical : clinical <strong>and</strong> clinicopathology<br />

-clinism n combining form - ISV -clin- fr. NL -clinus + -ism<br />

: the state <strong>of</strong> having the <strong>and</strong>roecium <strong>and</strong> gynoecium in a single<br />

or different flower or two separate flowers diclinism<br />

-clinium n combining form, pl -clinia NL, fr. Gk klinion, dim.<br />

<strong>of</strong> klin couch more at - bot : receptacle anthoclinium<br />

-clinous adj combining form prob. fr. NL -clinus, fr. Gk klin<br />

couch more at - : having the <strong>and</strong>roecium <strong>and</strong> gynoecium<br />

in a single or different flower or two separate flowers<br />

diclinous heteroclinous monoclinous<br />

-clinous adj combining form ISV -clin- fr. Gk -klins leaning,<br />

bending, fr. klinein to lean + -ous : inherited from : having<br />

characteristics inherited from matroclinous patroclinous<br />

-cliny n combining form - ISV -clinous + -y : fact or condition<br />

<strong>of</strong> having characteristics inherited from matrocliny<br />

-cnemia n combining form - NL, fr. F -cnémie, fr. Gk knm<br />

shin + F -ie -y : -shinnedness platycnemia<br />

-cnemic adj combining form ISV -cnem- fr. Gk knm shin +<br />

-ic prob. orig. formed as F -cnémique : -shinned platycnemic<br />

-cnemus n combining form NL, modif. <strong>of</strong> Gk. knm shin<br />

: -legged one in generic names <strong>of</strong> animals Octacnemus<br />

cnid- or cnido- combining form NL, fr. cnida : cnida<br />

cnidosac cnidogl<strong>and</strong>ular Cnidaria<br />

co- prefix ME, fr. L, fr. com- akin to OE ge-, perfective, associative,<br />

<strong>and</strong> collective prefix, OHG gi-, ga-, Goth ga-, OIr<br />

com-, con- with, together, Alb k-, Gk koinos common 1<br />

: with : together : joint : jointly : shared : mutual : mutually<br />

coexist coinheritance cosustain cooperate 2 :in or to<br />

the same degree coextensive coeval 3 a : fellow : partner<br />

coauthor co-worker b :having a usu. lesser share in duty<br />

or responsibility : alternate : deputy cochairman copilot<br />

4 a : operating together or reciprocally coterm b :<strong>of</strong> the<br />

complement <strong>of</strong> an angle cosine codeclination<br />

cobalti- combining form cobalt : trivalent cobalt : cobaltic<br />

cobaltinitrite<br />

cobalto- combining form cobalt : bivalent cobalt : cobaltous<br />

cobaltocyanic<br />

cocc- or cocci- or cocco- combining form NL, fr. coccus L<br />

coccum kermes berry, both fr. Gk kokkos grain, seed, kermes<br />

berry : grain : seed : berry : coccus coccoid cocciform<br />

coccolith<br />

coccidi- or coccidio- combining form coccidium : Coccidia<br />

coccidiocide coccidiostasis<br />

-coccus n combining form, pl -cocci NL, fr. Gk kokkos 1<br />

: plant having berries, seeds, or cocci <strong>of</strong> a specified type <br />

usu. in generic names Oxycoccus Pterococcus 2 :berryshaped<br />

organism esp. in generic names <strong>of</strong> algae <strong>and</strong> bacteria<br />

Protococcus Micrococcus Streptococcus Staphylococcus<br />

coccyg- or coccygo- combining form NL, fr. coccyg-, coccyx<br />

: coccyx coccygectomy coccygotomy<br />

coccygeo- combining form NL, fr. coccygeus : coccygeal <strong>and</strong><br />

coccygeoanal coccygeomesenteric<br />

cocto- combining form L coctus, past part. <strong>of</strong> coquere to cook<br />

: boiled : modified by heat coctoantigen coctoprotein : at<br />

boiling point coctostable<br />

coel- or coelo- also cel- or celo- combining form NL, fr. Gk<br />

koil-, koilo-, fr. koilos hollow : hollow : cavity coelodont<br />

coelozoic<br />

-coele or -coel also -cele n combining form - prob. fr. NL<br />

-coela, fr. neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -coelus -coelous : cavity : chamber<br />

: ventricle endocoele neurocoele<br />

coeli- or coelio- also celi- or celio- combining form Gk koili-,<br />

koilio-, fr. koilia cavity <strong>of</strong> the body, belly : belly : abdomen<br />

coelialgia coelioscopy<br />

-coelous adj combining form NL -coelus, fr. Gk -koilos hollow,<br />

concave, fr. koilos 1 :cavitied dendrocoelous 2 :concave<br />

procoelous opisthocoelous<br />

coen- or coeno- also cen- or ceno- or caen- or caeno- combining<br />

form NL, fr. Gk koin-, koino-, fr. koinos more at -<br />

: common : general coenoblast coenesthesia<br />

col- or coli- or colo- combining form NL, fr. L colon 1 :large<br />

intestine colitis colostomy 2 :colon bacillus coliform<br />

-cola n combining form - NL, fr. L : inhabitant Arenicola,<br />

Rupicola<br />

-cole adj combining form by alter. influenced by F -cole<br />

: - saxicole<br />

cole- or coleo- combining form NL, fr. Gk koleo-, fr. koleon<br />

: sheath : covering coleitis Coleoptera coleorhiza<br />

-coline adj combining form NL -colinae, fr. -cola + -inae<br />

: - fluvicoline<br />

coll- or collo- combining form NL, fr. Gk koll-, kollo-, fr. kolla<br />

1:glue collenchyma Collocalia 2 :colloid collochemistry<br />

-coll n combining form - ME -col in sarcocol, fr. L -colla, fr.<br />

Gk -kolla, fr. kolla : glue glycocoll pyrocoll<br />

collodio- combining form collodion : collodion collodiotype<br />

-colous adj combining form L -cola inhabitant + E -ous akin<br />

to L colere to cultivate, inhabit : living or growing in or on<br />

arenicolous saxicolous<br />

com- or col- or con- or cor- prefix com- fr. ME, fr. OF, fr. L<br />

col- fr. ME, fr. L, fr. com- con- fr. ME, fr. OE in consolde<br />

comfrey, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. com- cor- fr. ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr.<br />

com- more at - : with : together : jointly usu. combefore<br />

b comburgess <strong>and</strong> p companion or m commin-

---

-coma 13<br />

cumul-<br />

gle, col- before l collingual, cor- before r correlation, <strong>and</strong><br />

con- before other sounds concyclic<br />

-coma n combining form NL, fr. Gk kom hair : one having<br />

such hair in generic names Pycnocoma<br />

comico- combining form NL, fr. L comicus : comic : comic<br />

<strong>and</strong> comicotragedy comicodidactic<br />

con- or cono- combining form Gk kn-, kno-, fr. knos : cone<br />

conodont conoplain conoscope<br />

conch- or concho- combining form Gk konch-, koncho-, fr.<br />

konch 1 :shell conchology 2 :concha conchitis conchotome<br />

condyl- or condylo- combining form NL, fr. Gk kondyl-, kondylo-,<br />

fr. kondylos : joint : knob : condyle condyloid<br />

Condylopoda<br />

coni- combining form L coni-, fr. conus : cone Conirostres<br />

coni- or conio- combining form G NL G koni- NL coni-,<br />

conio-, fr. Gk koni- dust MGk konio-, fr. Gk konia, konis<br />

: dust coniosis : spores Coniophora<br />

conidi- or conidio- combining form conidium : conidia conidiiferous<br />

contra- prefix ME, fr. L contra-, contra against 1 :against<br />

: contrary : contrasting : in opposition contra-acting contraindicative<br />

contratenor 2 :pitched below normal bass<br />

contrabassoon contraoctave contraposaune<br />

coraco- combining form NL, fr. coracoides coracoid : coracoid<br />

<strong>and</strong> coracocostal<br />

corall- or coralli- or corallo- combining form NL, fr. L corallium<br />

: coral coralliform coralloid Corallorhiza<br />

-corax n combining form NL, fr. Gk korax : crow : raven<br />

Phalacrocorax<br />

corm- or cormo- combining form NL, fr. Gk korm-, kormo- tree<br />

trunk, fr. kormos : tree trunk : stem Cormophyta<br />

-corn n combining form - L -cornis -horned, fr. cornu horn<br />

: one having such or so many horns unicorn<br />

-corn adj combining form L -cornis : having such or so<br />

many horns : horned<br />

corne- or corneo- combining form F corné-, cornéo-, fr. corné<br />

corneous fr. L corneus, cornée cornea fr. ML cornea 1<br />

: corneous : corneous <strong>and</strong> corneocalcareous 2 : cornea<br />

corneitis : corneal <strong>and</strong> corneosclerotic<br />

corono- combining form prob. fr. F, fr. coronal, adj. anat<br />

: coronal <strong>and</strong> coronobasilar coron<strong>of</strong>acial<br />

cortico- combining form L cortic-, cortex bark 1 :cortex esp<br />

: cerebral cortex corticoefferent 2 : cortical <strong>and</strong> corticospinal<br />

cosm- or cosmo- combining form ME in cosmographie cosmography,<br />

fr. L cosm-, LL cosmo-, fr. Gk kosm-, kosmo-, fr.<br />

kosmos : world : universe cosmorama cosmogenesis<br />

-cosm n combining form - ME -cosme, fr. MF, fr. ML -cosmus,<br />

fr. Gk kosmos : world microcosm loxocosm<br />

cost- or costi- or costo- combining form F, fr. L costa : rib<br />

: costa costectomy costiform : costal <strong>and</strong> costoradial<br />

costosternal<br />

cotyl- or cotyli- or cotylo- combining form Gk kotyl-, kotylo-, fr.<br />

kotyl : cup : organ or part like a cup cotyloid cotyliform<br />

Cotylosauria : acetabular <strong>and</strong> cotylosacral<br />

-cotyl n combining form - cotyledon : cotyledon dicotyl<br />

epicotyl<br />

counter- prefix ME countre-, fr. MF contre-, contre adv. 1 a<br />

: contrary : opposite : adverse countercurrent counterorder<br />

b :opposing : retaliatory : answering counterblow<br />

counterweapon 2 :complementary : corresponding : alternate<br />

counterweight counterpart countertheme 3<br />

: duplicate : substitute counterfoil<br />

-cracy or -ocracy n combining form - MF LL MF -cratie,<br />

fr. LL -cratia, fr. Gk -kratia, fr. kratos strength, power 1<br />

: form <strong>of</strong> government also : state having such a form democracy<br />

mobocracy squirocracy 2 :social or political class<br />

as <strong>of</strong> powerful persons plutocracy snobocracy 3 :theory<br />

<strong>of</strong> government or <strong>of</strong> social organization technocracy<br />

crani- or cranio- combining form cranium : cranium craniostosis<br />

craniometry : cranial <strong>and</strong> craniospinal<br />

-crania n combining form - NL, fr. ML cranium + L -ia -y<br />

: -skulledness platycrania : condition <strong>of</strong> the skull or head<br />

amphicrania<br />

-crat or -ocrat n combining form - F -crate, back-formation fr.<br />

-cratie -cracy -cratique -cratic 1 :advocate or partisan <strong>of</strong><br />

a theory <strong>of</strong> government democrat physiocrat theocrat<br />

2:member <strong>of</strong> a specified dominant class bureaucrat plutocrat<br />

3 :member or supporter <strong>of</strong> a political party or faction<br />

Dixiecrat -cratic adj combining form<br />

cre- or creo- also kreo- combining form G kreo-, fr. Gk kre-,<br />

kreo-, fr. kreas : flesh creodont creophagous kreotoxism<br />

creat- or creato- combining form fr. créat-, fr. Gk kreas : flesh<br />

creatine creatophagous<br />

cren- or creno- combining form Gk krn-, krno-, fr. krn<br />

spring perh. akin to OE hrn, hrn sea, ON hrnn wave 1<br />

: spring : mineral spring crenic crenotherapy 2 :crenic<br />

acid crenite<br />

crico- combining form NL, fr. cricoides cricoid : cricoid<br />

cricotomy : cricoid <strong>and</strong> cricothyroid<br />

crini- combining form L, fr. crinis : hair criniculture criniparous<br />

-crinus n combining form NL, fr. Gk krinon lily : a crinoid <br />

in generic names <strong>of</strong> Crinoidea Actinocrinus Pentacrinus<br />

cross- or crosso- combining form NL, fr. Gk krossoi tassels,<br />

fringe akin to OE <strong>of</strong>erhrgan to tower above, MHG ragen to<br />

tower up, stick up, MD raghen, Gk krossai coping <strong>of</strong> a parapet,<br />

OIr crích end, furrow, Russ krokva pole, rafter basic<br />

meaning: jutting out, sticking up : fringe Crossaster<br />

crossopterygian Crossosoma<br />

-crotic adj combining form NL -crotus fr. Gk -krotos, fr. krotos<br />

beat, clapping + E -ic akin to Gk krotein to clap : having<br />

such a heartbeat or pulse polycrotic<br />

-crotism n combining form - -crotic + -ism : condition <strong>of</strong> having<br />

such a heartbeat dicrotism<br />

cruro- combining form NL, fr. L crur-, crus leg : crural <strong>and</strong><br />

cruroinguinal, crurotarsal<br />

cry- or cryo- also kryo- combining form G kryo-, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

kryos icy cold : cold : freezing cryanesthesia cryogen<br />

kryokonite<br />

crym- or crymo- combining form NL, fr. Gk krym-, krymo-, fr.<br />

krymos icy cold : cold : frost crymodynia crymotherapy<br />

crypt- or crypto- also krypt- or krypto- combining form NL, fr.<br />

Gk kryptos 1 :hidden : covered cryptobranch cryptoporticus<br />

2 :invisible : latent cryptocrystalline cryptomere 3<br />

: occult cryptesthesia 4 : secret : private cryptogram<br />

cryptonym 5 :hidden by dissembling : unavowed crypt<strong>of</strong>ascist<br />

cryptorationalism<br />

crystall- or crystallo- combining form Gk krystal-, krystallo-, fr.<br />

krystallos ice, crystal : crystal crystalliferous crystalluria<br />

crystallogenic<br />

cten- or cteno- combining form NL, fr. Gk kten-, kteno-, fr.<br />

kten-, kteis : comb ctenacanthus ctenophore<br />

-ctonus n combining form NL, fr. Gk ktonos murder akin to<br />

Gk kteinein to slay, Skt kaoti he wounds, injures, OPer<br />

a-shata unhurt : killer in generic names esp. <strong>of</strong> insects<br />

Dendroctonus<br />

cub- or cubi- or cubo- combining form NL, fr. Gk kyb-, kybo-,<br />

fr. kybos 1 a : cube cuboctahedron cubiform cubomancy<br />

b :<strong>of</strong> the third algebraic degree cubinvariant cubocubic<br />

2 cubo- : cuboid <strong>and</strong> cubometatarsal<br />

cubito- combining form F, fr. L cubitus elbow : cubital <strong>and</strong><br />

cubitocarpal<br />

culic- or culici- combining form NL, fr. L culic-, culex : gnat<br />

: mosquito Culicidae culicifuge<br />

culmi- combining form L culmus : stalk : culm culmicolous<br />

culmiferous culmigenous<br />

cum- or cumo- combining form cumin : cumic : cumin<br />

cumaldehyde cumoquinol<br />

cumul- or cumuli- or cumulo- combining form NL, fr. L cumulus<br />

heap, mass 1 :cumulus <strong>and</strong> cumulocirrus 2 :cumulus<br />

cumulous 3 :heap : mass cumulose

---

cuneo- 14<br />

demi-<br />

cuneo- combining form NL, fr. L cuneus wedge : cuneiform<br />

<strong>and</strong> cuneocuboid<br />

cupr- or cupro- combining form LL cupr-, fr. cuprum 1 a<br />

: copper cuprite b :copper <strong>and</strong> cupronickel 2 cupro-<br />

: containing univalent copper : cuprous cuprocyanide<br />

cupri- combining form cupr- + -i- 1 :copper cupriferous 2<br />

ISV, fr. cupric : containing bivalent copper : cupric cupritartrate<br />

curvi- combining form MF or LL MF, fr. LL, fr. L curvus<br />

: curved bent curviform curvifoliate curvirostral<br />

cutaneo- combining form F cutanéo-, fr. cutané cutaneous, fr.<br />

NL cutaneus : skin <strong>and</strong> cutaneovisceral<br />

-cy n suffix - ME -cie, fr. OF, fr. LL -cia, fr. L -tia, partly fr.<br />

L -t- as final stem consonant + -ia -y, partly fr. Gk -teia, -tia,<br />

fr. -t- as final stem consonant + -eia, -ia -y : act : action<br />

: practice : function piracy prophecy : rank : <strong>of</strong>fice<br />

baronetcy chaplaincy generalcy : body : class aristocracy<br />

: state : quality accuracy bankruptcy normalcy<br />

orig. <strong>and</strong> still <strong>of</strong>ten replacing a final -t or -te <strong>of</strong> the base<br />

noun or adjective<br />

cyan- or cyano- combining form G cyan-, zyan-, fr. Gk kyan-,<br />

kyano-, fr. kyanos dark blue enamel, lapis lazuli 1 :dark blue<br />

: blue cyanotype cyanosis 2 a : cyanogen cyanamide<br />

cyanophoric b now usu cyano- : containing cyanogen in<br />

place <strong>of</strong> hydrogen in names <strong>of</strong> organic compounds<br />

cyanobenzoic acid c now usu cyano- : containing cyanogen<br />

regarded as replacing hydroxyl or oxygen or as coordinated to<br />

a central atom in names <strong>of</strong> inorganic acids <strong>and</strong> salts<br />

cyanoauric acid cyan<strong>of</strong>errate 3 :cyanide cyanogenetic<br />

-cyan n combining form - Gk kyanos : blue pigment algocyan<br />

leucocyan<br />

cyath- or cyatho- combining form NL, fr. Gk kyath-, kyatho-,<br />

fr. kyathos : cup : cup-shaped Cyathaspis cyatholith<br />

cyber- combining form cybernetic : computer : computer network<br />

cyberspace<br />

cycl- or cyclo- combining form NL cyclo-, fr. Gk kykl-, kyklo-,<br />

fr. kyklos circle, wheel 1 : circle : ring cyclometer<br />

cyclotron 2 :cycle cyclographer 3 :cyclic compound<br />

cycloheptane cycloolefin 4 : ciliary body <strong>of</strong> the eye<br />

cyclodialysis cyclitis<br />

cylindr- or cylindro- combining form NL, fr. Gk kylindr-, kylindro-,<br />

fr. kylindros : cylindrical : cylindrical <strong>and</strong> cylindrarthrosis<br />

cylindrocephalic<br />

cym- or cymo- also kym- or kymo- combining form F cym-,<br />

cymo-, fr. Gk kym-, kymo-, fr. kyma 1 :wave cymoscope 2<br />

: cyme : cluster cymoid<br />

cyn- or cyno- combining form ME cyno-, fr. L, fr. Gk kyn-,<br />

kyno-, fr. kyn-, kyn dog : dog cyniatrics<br />

cypro- combining form, usu cap Gk Kypro-, fr. Kypros Cyprus<br />

: Cyprian <strong>and</strong> Cypro-Phoenician<br />

cyrt- or cyrto- combining form NL, fr. Gk kyrt-, kyrto-, fr. kyrtos<br />

bulging, convex akin to L curvus curved : bent : curved<br />

cyrtopia cyrtostyle : something curved cyrtometer<br />

cyst- or cysti- or cysto- combining form F, fr. Gk kyst-, kysto-,<br />

fr. kystis bladder, pouch 1 a : gall bladder cystocolostomy<br />

b:urinary bladder cystitis cystotomy 2 :sac : pouch<br />

: cyst cystenchyma cystiform cystophore<br />

-cyst n combining form - NL -cyste, -cystis, fr. Gk kystis<br />

: bladder cholecyst<br />

-cystis n combining form, pl -cystides NL, fr. Gk kystis : one<br />

having such a bladder or pouch esp. in generic names<br />

Macrocystis<br />

cyt- or cyto- combining form G zyt-, zyto-, fr. Gk kyto-, fr. kytos<br />

hollow vessel 1 :cell cytase cytoplasm 2 :cytoplasm<br />

cytode cytosome<br />

-cyte n combining form - NL -cyta, fr. Gk kytos hollow vessel<br />

: cell leukocyte pericyte<br />

-d vb suffix or adj suffix by contr. : - now esp. in forms<br />

derived from words ending in a vowel a mascarad eyelash<br />

daco- combining form, usu cap ISV, fr. Dacia : Dacian <strong>and</strong><br />

Daco-Romanian<br />

dacry- or dacryo- combining form NL, fr. Gk dakry-, dakryo-,<br />

fr. dakry, dakryon tear : <strong>of</strong> a tear or tears : lacrimal dacryoma<br />

dacryocystitis<br />

dactyl- or dactylo- combining form Gk daktyl-, daktylo-, fr.<br />

daktylos : finger : toe : digit dactylitis dactylology<br />

-dactylia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk daktylos + NL -ia -y<br />

: condition <strong>of</strong> having such or so many digits hexadactylia<br />

sclerodactylia<br />

dactylio- combining form prob. fr. F, fr. Gk daktylio-, fr. daktylios,<br />

fr. daktylos finger 1 : finger ring dactyliology 2<br />

: gem dactyliography<br />

-dactylism n combining form - ISV, fr. Gk daktylos finger, toe<br />

+ ISV -ism : -<br />

-dactylous adj combining form Gk -daktylos, fr. daktylos finger,<br />

toe : having such or so many fingers or toes isodactylous<br />

monodactylous<br />

-dactyly n combining form - NL -dactylia more at<br />

- : -<br />

dano- combining form, cap ISV Dan- fr. LL Dani Danes + -o-<br />

: Danish <strong>and</strong> Dano-Eskimo<br />

dasy- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. dasys 1 :thick with hair<br />

or leaves : shaggy : woolly dasyphyllous 2 : density<br />

dasymeter<br />

de- prefix ME, fr. OF de-, des-, partly fr. L de- from, down,<br />

away fr. de <strong>and</strong> partly fr. L dis- L de akin to OIr di from,<br />

Gk d now, then, OE t to more at - 1 a : do the opposite<br />

<strong>of</strong> : reverse a specified action decentralize decode<br />

b:reverse <strong>of</strong> decalescence 2 :remove a specified thing or<br />

things from dehorn delouse : remove from a specified<br />

thing dethrone 3 :reduce : make lower derate 4 L<br />

: something derived or compounded from a specified thing<br />

decompound, n. : derived or compounded from something<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified nature decompound, adj. <strong>of</strong>ten in grammatical<br />

terms nouns or adjectives ending in -al or -ative<br />

deadjectival deverbative 5 :get <strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> a specified thing<br />

debus detrain 6 :having a molecule characterized by the<br />

removal <strong>of</strong> one or more atoms <strong>of</strong> a specified element in<br />

combining forms occurring in names <strong>of</strong> chemical compounds<br />

dehydro- deoxy- 7 :cause to cease to perform a specified<br />

action de-emanate<br />

deca- or dec- or deka- or dek- combining form ME, fr. L, fr. Gk<br />

deka-, dek-, fr. deka ten 1 :ten decagon 2 F déca-, déc-,<br />

fr. L deca-, dec- : ten times a specified unit <strong>of</strong> measure<br />

decaliter decare used in terms belonging to the metric<br />

system<br />

decem- combining form MF or L MF, fr. L, fr. decem ten : ten<br />

decemcostate<br />

deci- combining form F déci-, fr. L decimus tenth, fr. decem<br />

ten : tenth part <strong>of</strong> a specified unit <strong>of</strong> measure decigram<br />

chiefly in terms belonging to the metric system<br />

-dectes n combining form NL, fr. Gk dkts, fr. daknein to bite<br />

: biter in generic names <strong>of</strong> animals Mixodectes<br />

dehydr- or dehydro- combining form ISV, fr. de- + hydr- 1<br />

: dehydrated dehydromucic acid CHOCOOH 2 :dehydrogenated<br />

dehydroabietic acid CHCOOH<br />

-delphis n combining form NL, fr. Gk delphis : dolphin in<br />

generic names Cyrtodelphis<br />

dem- or demo- combining form dem- fr. L, fr. Gk dm-, dmo-,<br />

fr. dmos deme, populace demo- fr. MF, fr. LL, fr. Gk dm-,<br />

dmo- akin to OIr dm retinue, company, Skt dayate he<br />

apportions : people : populace : population demography<br />

demoid<br />

-dema n combining form NL, fr. Gk demas body, bodily build<br />

akin to Gk demein to build : one having such a body in<br />

generic names <strong>of</strong> insects Dasydema<br />

demi- prefix ME, fr. demi, fr. MF, fr. LL demedius, alter.<br />

influenced by L medius <strong>of</strong> L dimidius, prob. back-formation<br />

fr. dimidiare to halve : half: as a :<strong>of</strong> less than full size demicannon<br />

demipike : shortened demirobe compare<br />

- b heraldry : having only one half depicted, usu. the<br />

upper or foremost half but sometimes the dexter or the sinister<br />

half demiangel demilion c :half in quantity or value<br />

demibarrel demigroat d :inferior in quality demiluster

---

dendr- 15<br />

diss-<br />

e : one that partly belongs to a specified type or class<br />

demibeast demideity demilawyer f :partial : incomplete<br />

deminudity demitoilet<br />

dendr- or dendro- combining form NL dendr-, fr. Gk dendr-,<br />

dendro- tree, fr. dendron akin to Gk drys tree : tree dendrophilous<br />

: resembling a tree dendraxon<br />

-dendron n combining form, pl -dendrons also -dendra L, fr.<br />

Gk, fr. dendron more at - 1 :tree esp. in generic<br />

names <strong>of</strong> plants Liriodendron Trochodendron 2 :treelike<br />

formation neurodendron 3 : stem : part <strong>of</strong> a stem<br />

Schizodendron<br />

dent- or denti- or dento- combining form ME denti-, fr. L dent-,<br />

denti-, fr. dent-, dens 1 :tooth : teeth dentalgia dentiform<br />

2:dental <strong>and</strong> dentilingual dentosurgical<br />

-dentate adj combining form NL -dentatus, fr. L dentatus<br />

: having such or so many toothlike projections : -toothed<br />

multidentate quadridentate<br />

deoxy- or desoxy- combining form ISV, fr. de- or des- + oxy-<br />

: containing less oxygen in the molecule than the compound<br />

to which it is closely related esp : derivable from another<br />

compound by the removal <strong>of</strong> one oxygen atom deoxynucleotide<br />

desoxybenzoin CHO<br />

der- or dero- combining form NL, fr. Gk der-, fr. der, deir<br />

akin to OSlav griva mane, Skt grv neck, L vorare to devour<br />

: neck : throat deradenitis Derotremata<br />

derm- or derma- or dermo- combining form NL, fr. Gk derm-,<br />

dermo-, fr. derma, fr. derein to skin 1 : skin dermalgia<br />

dermahemia dermoskeleton 2 : dermal <strong>and</strong> dermohumeral<br />

-derm n combining form - prob. fr. F -derme, fr. Gk derma<br />

: skin : covering : integument blastoderm<br />

-derma n combining form, pl -dermas or -dermata NL, fr. Gk<br />

dermat-, derma 1 :skin : covering : integument sarcoderma<br />

2 :skin or skin ailment <strong>of</strong> a specified type scleroderma<br />

3 :one having a specified type <strong>of</strong> skin in generic<br />

names Heloderma<br />

dermat- or dermato- combining form Gk, fr. dermat-, derma<br />

: skin : hide dermatodynia dermatology<br />

-dermata n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk dermat-, derma<br />

: ones having a specified type <strong>of</strong> skin in names <strong>of</strong> taxonomic<br />

categories <strong>of</strong> animals larger than a genus Sclerodermata<br />

-dermatous adj combining form NL -dermata + E -ous : having<br />

a specified type <strong>of</strong> skin sclerodermatous<br />

-dermia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk derma skin + NL -ia<br />

more at - : skin or skin ailment <strong>of</strong> a specified type<br />

pachydermia<br />

-dermis n combining form - LL, fr. Gk, fr. derma skin<br />

: layer <strong>of</strong> skin or tissue endodermis<br />

des- prefix F dés-, fr. OF des- more at - 1 :- 1 esp.<br />

before vowels desamidate 2 :- 6 esp. before vowels<br />

desiodo- desoxy-<br />

-desis n combining form, pl -deses NL, fr. Gk desis, fr. dein to<br />

bind + -sis : binding arthrodesis<br />

desm- or desmo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, b<strong>and</strong>, bond, fr.<br />

desmos, fr. dein to bind : bond : ligament desmalgia<br />

desmography<br />

deut- or deuto- combining form ISV, short for deuter- 1 :second<br />

in a regular series <strong>of</strong> chemical compounds deutoxide 2<br />

: second deutomala : secondary deutoplasm esp. in<br />

biological terms<br />

deuter- or deutero- combining form alter. influenced by LL<br />

deutero- <strong>of</strong> earlier deutro-, fr. ME, modif. <strong>of</strong> LL deutero-, fr.<br />

Gk deuter-, deutero-, fr. deuteros second prob. akin to L<br />

dudum formerly, Gk dein to lack, miss, Gk Homeric<br />

deuesthai to be in need <strong>of</strong>, Skt dra far 1 :second : secondary<br />

deuteragonist deuteroplasm 2 :belonging to any <strong>of</strong><br />

various classes <strong>of</strong> chemical substances regarded as secondary<br />

products <strong>of</strong> decomposition deuteroporphyrin deuteroproteose<br />

deuter- or deutero- combining form ISV fr. deuterium : -<br />

- deuteride deuterochlor<strong>of</strong>orm<br />

deuteri- or deuterio- combining form ISV, fr. deuterium : deuterium<br />

: containing deuterium in names <strong>of</strong> chemical compounds<br />

deuterioammonia<br />

dextr- or dextro- combining form LL, fr. L dextr-, dexter 1<br />

: right dextrad : on or toward the right dextrorotatory 2<br />

: dextral <strong>and</strong> dextrosinistral<br />

di- combining form ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. Gk akin to OE twi-<br />

more at - 1 :twice : tw<strong>of</strong>old : double dichromatic<br />

2:containing two atoms, radicals, or groups <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

kind dichloride 3 :being a Greek coin or unit <strong>of</strong> value<br />

worth two specified units distater didrachma<br />

dia- also di- prefix ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. dia akin to L<br />

dis- more at - 1 : through : during diachronic<br />

: across diactinic 2 :made <strong>of</strong> : consisting <strong>of</strong> in names <strong>of</strong><br />

compounded medicines diacodion<br />

diabol- or diabolo- combining form ME deabol-, fr. MF diabol-,<br />

fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. diabolos : devil diabolism diabolocracy<br />

dialy- combining form NL, fr. Gk dialyein to separate : separated<br />

dialycarpic dialypetalous<br />

diaphan- or diaphano- combining form ME diaphan-, fr. MF,<br />

fr. diaphane : transparent diaphanoscopy : transparency<br />

diaphanometer<br />

-diastasis n combining form, pl -diastases NL, fr. Gk diastasis<br />

separation 1 :disintegration myelodiastasis 2 :displacement<br />

adenodiastasis<br />

dich- or dicho- combining form LL dicho-, fr. Gk dich-, dicho-,<br />

fr. dicha akin to Gk di- more at - : in two : apart : asunder<br />

dichoptic dichogamy<br />

dicty- or dictyo- combining form NL, fr. Gk dikty-, diktyo-, fr.<br />

diktyon, fr. dikein to throw : net dictyosome<br />

-diene n suffix - ISV, fr. di- + -ene : chemical compound containing<br />

two double bonds hexadiene<br />

digiti- combining form F, fr. L digitus finger, toe 1 :digit<br />

: finger or toe digitigrade 2 :finger digitiform 3 :digitately<br />

digitipinnate<br />

din- or dino- also dein- or deino- combining form NL, fr. Gk<br />

dein-, deino-, fr. deinos : terrible : mighty Deinodon<br />

Deinotherium Dinornis dinosaur<br />

dino- combining form NL, fr. Gk dinos rotation, whirling,<br />

whirlpool perh. akin to OIr dan rapid, Skt dyati he soars 1<br />

: whirling Dinobryon 2 :whirlpool : eddy Dinocapsales<br />

Dinophilus<br />

dioecio- combining form dioecious : dioeciously dioeciodimorphous<br />

dioeciopolygamous<br />

diphy- or diphyo- combining form NL, fr. Gk diphy-, fr.<br />

diphys, fr. di- + -phys fr. phyein to bring forth, produce<br />

: tw<strong>of</strong>old : double : bipartite diphyodont diphyozooid<br />

dipl- or diplo- combining form Gk, fr. diploos 1 : double<br />

: tw<strong>of</strong>old diplococcus diplopia 2 :diploid diplosome<br />

dipter- or diptero- combining form NL, fr. Gk dipteros 1<br />

: two-winged : dipterous dipteral 2 :Diptera dipterology<br />

dis- prefix ME dis-, des-, fr. OF L OF des-, dis-, fr. L dis-,<br />

lit., apart, to pieces akin to OE te- apart, to pieces, OHG zi-,<br />

ze-, Goth dis- apart, Gk dia through, Alb tsh- apart, L duo<br />

two 1 a : do the opposite <strong>of</strong> : reverse a specified action<br />

disjoin disestablish disown disqualify b :deprive <strong>of</strong><br />

a specified character, quality, or rank disable disprince<br />

: deprive <strong>of</strong> a specified object disfrock c :exclude or<br />

expel from disbar discastle 2 :opposite <strong>of</strong> : contrary <strong>of</strong><br />

: absence <strong>of</strong> disunion disaffection 3 :not dishonest<br />

disloyal 4 :completely disannul 5 by folk etymology<br />

: - disfunction distrophy<br />

dis- prefix MF, fr. ML, alter. influenced by Gk dis- twice,<br />

double, fr. dis twice <strong>of</strong> L di-, fr. Gk more at - 1 :- 1<br />

2:- 2 disazo<br />

disc- or disci- or disco- combining form L disc-, disco-, ML<br />

disci-, fr. Gk disk-, disko-, fr. diskos quoit 1 :disk Discina<br />

discigerous discomycete 2 :phonograph record : recording<br />

discography discophile<br />

-discus n combining form NL, fr. L discus : organism with a<br />

specified form <strong>of</strong> disk in generic names Cephalodiscus<br />

diss- or disso- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. dissos, dittos

---

dist- 16<br />

-ed<br />

akin to Gk dyo two : double dissoconch dissophyte<br />

dist- or disto- or disti- combining form distant : distal distoclusion<br />

opposed to proximodiversi-<br />

combining form ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. diversus : different<br />

: diverse : diversely diversiform diversifoliate<br />

dodeca- or dodec- combining form L dodeca-, fr. Gk ddeka-,<br />

ddek-, fr. ddeka, dydeka, fr. dy, dyo two + deka ten<br />

: twelve dodecahedron dodecyl<br />

dolich- or dolicho- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. dolichos 1<br />

: long dolichocephalic 2 :narrow dolichohieric<br />

-dom n suffix - ME, fr. OE -dm akin to OS -dm -dom, OHG<br />

-tuom, ON -dmr all fr. a prehistoric Gmc noun represented<br />

by OE dm judgment 1 a : dignity : <strong>of</strong>fice dukedom b<br />

: realm : jurisdiction kingdom Christendom c : geographical<br />

area Anglo-Saxondom 2 :state, condition, or fact<br />

<strong>of</strong> being freedom martyrdom 3 :those having a specified<br />

<strong>of</strong>fice, occupation, interest, or character <strong>of</strong>ficialdom<br />

dogdom stampdom<br />

dors- or dorsi- or dorso- combining form LL dors- back, fr. L<br />

dorsum 1 :back dorsad : dorsal dorsiflexion : dorsally<br />

dorsifixed 2 :dorsal <strong>and</strong> dorsolateral<br />

dory- combining form NL, fr. Gk dory : spear Doryanthes<br />

drom- or dromo- combining form Gk, fr. dromos 1 :course<br />

: racecourse : running Dromornis 2 :speed dromometer<br />

-drome n combining form - MF, fr. L -dromos, fr. Gk dromos<br />

akin to Gk dramein to run 1 :racecourse motordrome 2<br />

: large specially prepared place aerodrome picturedrome<br />

-drome adj combining form Gk -dromos, fr. dromos course,<br />

racecourse, act <strong>of</strong> running : running homodrome<br />

-dromous adj combining form NL -dromus, fr. Gk -dromos <br />

more at - : running catadromous<br />

dry- or dryo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. drys tree, oak<br />

: tree in generic names Dryopithecus<br />

duo- combining form L duo : two duosecant duomachy<br />

duoden- or duodeno- combining form NL, fr. ML duodenum 1<br />

: duodenum duodenitis duodenogram 2 :duodenal <strong>and</strong><br />

duodenojejunal<br />

duplicato- combining form prob. fr. NL, fr. L duplicatus duplicate<br />

: doubly duplicato-dentate<br />

dvi- combining form Skt dvi- two more at - : st<strong>and</strong>ing<br />

or assumed to st<strong>and</strong> in the second place beyond a specified<br />

element in the same family <strong>of</strong> the periodic table in names<br />

<strong>of</strong> chemical elements esp. when not yet discovered dvi-manganese<br />

now called rhenium compare dy-<br />

or dyo- combining form LL dy- G dyo-, fr. Gk dy-, dyo-,<br />

fr. dyo : two dyarchy dyaster dyotheism<br />

-dymia n combining form - NL, fr. -dymus + -ia : condition <strong>of</strong><br />

being a pair <strong>of</strong> twin terata joined at a specified body part<br />

cephalodymia<br />

-dymus n combining form - NL, irreg. fr. Gk didymos twin,<br />

fr. dyo two : pair <strong>of</strong> twin terata joined at a specified body<br />

part sternodymus<br />

dynam- or dynamo- combining form prob. fr. F, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

dynamis : power dynamism dynamograph<br />

-dynamia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk, fr. dynamis + -ia -y<br />

: strength : condition <strong>of</strong> having such strength adynamia<br />

myodynamia<br />

-dynamous adj combining form prob. fr. NL -dynamus, fr. Gk<br />

-dynamos having such power, fr. dynamis power bot : having<br />

developing power <strong>of</strong> a specified type <strong>and</strong>rodynamous<br />

dys- prefix alter. influenced by L Gk dys- <strong>of</strong> ME dis-, fr. MF<br />

L MF dis-, fr. L dys-, fr. Gk akin to OE t-, te- apart, to<br />

pieces, OHG zi-, zir- apart, to pieces, ON tor- difficult, Goth tuz-<br />

in tuzwerjan to doubt, Skt dus- difficult, bad 1 a : abnormal<br />

: diseased dyshidrosis dysplasia b :difficult : with difficulty<br />

dysoxidize : poorly dyscrystalline sometimes opposed<br />

to eu- c :faulty : impaired dysfunction dyspepsia d :bad<br />

: unfavorable dyspathy dysphemism sometimes<br />

opposed to eu- 2 :absence or reverse <strong>of</strong> dysteleology<br />

-dytes also -dyta n combining form NL, fr. Gk dyts, fr. dyein<br />

to enter, dive in, sink : diver in generic names chiefly <strong>of</strong><br />

birds Aptenodytes<br />

e- prefix ME, not, out, forth, away, fr. OF L OF, out, forth,<br />

away, fr. L, fr. ex- more at - 1 a : not ecarinate erostrate<br />

b :missing : absent Ecardines edental 2 :out : on<br />

the outside escribe 3 :thoroughly evaporize 4 :forth<br />

eradiate 5 :away eluvium<br />

-eae n pl suffix NL, fr. L fem. pl. <strong>of</strong> -eus -eous : those belonging<br />

to such a group in biological taxonomic names <strong>of</strong><br />

groups as tribes larger than the genus Diatomeae<br />

Florideae Uredineae<br />

ec- prefix ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. Gk ek, fr. ex more at -<br />

: out <strong>of</strong> : outside <strong>of</strong> : outside eccyesis<br />

ec- or eco- also oec- or oeco- or oiko- combining form earlier<br />

also yco-, fr. MF LL MF yco-, fr. LL oeco-, oiko-, fr. Gk<br />

oik-, oiko-, fr. oikos house, habitation 1 a : household economy<br />

b :economic <strong>and</strong> eco-cultural 2 :habitat or environment<br />

esp. as a factor significantly influencing the mode <strong>of</strong><br />

life or the course <strong>of</strong> development ecospecies ecosystem<br />

ecad 3 ec- or eco- : ecological or environmental ecocatastrophe<br />

ecclesi- or ecclesio- combining form ME ecclesi-, fr. LL, fr.<br />

ecclesia church, fr. L, assembly <strong>of</strong> citizens <strong>of</strong> a Greek state, fr.<br />

Gk ekklsia church, assembly <strong>of</strong> citizens <strong>of</strong> a Greek state, fr.<br />

ekkalein to call forth, summon, fr. ek out <strong>of</strong>, out fr. ex +<br />

kalein to call more at - : church ecclesiarch ecclesiography<br />

echin- or echino- combining form L echin- prickle, fr. echinus<br />

sea urchin, fr. Gk echinos hedgehog, sea urchin 1 :prickle<br />

: prickly Echinocactus 2 a : sea urchin echinal<br />

echinochrome b :echinoderm echinology<br />

ect- or ecto- combining form NL, fr. Gk ekto- outside, fr. ektos,<br />

fr. ex out <strong>of</strong>, out more at - 1 : outside : external<br />

ectostosis ectoplasm compare -, - 2 :out <strong>of</strong><br />

place ectocardia<br />

-ectome n combining form - NL -ectomus, fr. -ectomia, after<br />

NL -tomia -tomy: -tomus -tome : instrument used in surgical<br />

removal <strong>of</strong> a specified organ or part neurectome tonsillectome<br />

-ectomy n combining form - NL -ectomia, fr. ec- + -tomia<br />

-tomy : cutting out : surgical removal gastrectomy<br />

ectro- combining form NL, fr. Gk ektrsis miscarriage, fr.<br />

ektitrskein to miscarry, fr. ek out <strong>of</strong>, out fr. ex + titrskein<br />

to wound, damage akin to Gk tribein to rub more at -<br />

: congenitally absent in teratological terms chiefly indicating<br />

absence <strong>of</strong> a particular limb or part ectrodactylism<br />

-ed vb suffix or adj suffix ME, fr. OE -ed, -od, -ad, fr. -e-, -o-,<br />

-a- thematic vowels <strong>of</strong> various classes <strong>of</strong> weak verbs + -d,<br />

past part. ending <strong>of</strong> weak verbs akin to OHG -t, past part.<br />

ending <strong>of</strong> weak verbs, ON -thr, Goth -ths, L -tus, past part.<br />

ending, Gk -tos, suffix forming verbal adjectives, Skt -ta, past<br />

part. ending 1 used to form the past participle <strong>of</strong> regular<br />

weak verbs ended followed dressed regularly accompanied<br />

by coalescence with final e <strong>of</strong> the base word faded,<br />

change <strong>of</strong> final postconsonantal y <strong>of</strong> the base word to i<br />

tried, or doubling <strong>of</strong> the final consonant <strong>of</strong> the base word<br />

immediately after a short stressed vowel patted 2 used<br />

to form adjectives <strong>of</strong> identical or nearly identical meaning<br />

from Latin-derived adjectives ending in -ate crenulated<br />

pinnated 3 a : having : provided or furnished with : characterized<br />

by in adjectives formed from nouns balconied<br />

cultured moneyed winged or from combinations having<br />

a noun as final constituent two-legged deep-chested<br />

three-storied b :having the characteristics <strong>of</strong> in adjectives<br />

formed from nouns bigoted dogged<br />

-ed vb suffix ME -ede, -de, fr. OE -de, -ede, -ode, -ade, past<br />

ending 1st pers. sing. indic. <strong>of</strong> weak verbs, fr. -e-, -o-, -a-<br />

thematic vowels <strong>of</strong> various classes <strong>of</strong> weak verbs + -de, past<br />

ending 1st pers. sing. indic. <strong>of</strong> weak verbs akin to OHG -ta,<br />

past ending 1st pers. sing. indic. <strong>of</strong> weak verbs, ON -tha,<br />

Goth -da, <strong>and</strong> prob. to OE -d, past part. ending <strong>of</strong> weak verbs<br />

used to form the past tense <strong>of</strong> regular weak verbs regularly<br />

accompanied by coalescence with final e <strong>of</strong> the base<br />

word judged, change <strong>of</strong> final postconsonantal y <strong>of</strong> the base

---

-ee 17<br />

-encephalous<br />

word to i denied, or doubling <strong>of</strong> the final consonant <strong>of</strong> the<br />

base word immediately after a short stressed vowel dropped<br />

-ee n suffix - ME -e, fr. MF -é, fr. OF, fr. -é, past part. ending<br />

<strong>of</strong> some verbs, fr. L -atus, past part. ending <strong>of</strong> 1st conj.<br />

verbs more at -ate 1 :animate <strong>and</strong> usu. human undergoer,<br />

recipient, or beneficiary <strong>of</strong> a specified action appointee<br />

draftee grantee trainee trustee 2 :person furnished<br />

with a specified thing patentee 3 :person that performs<br />

a specified action escapee st<strong>and</strong>ee<br />

-ee n suffix - prob. alter. <strong>of</strong> -ie 1 : one associated with<br />

bargee goalee townee 2 :a particular esp. small kind<br />

<strong>of</strong> bootee coatee 3 : one resembling or suggestive <strong>of</strong><br />

goatee<br />

-een n suffix - prob. partly fr. the -een <strong>of</strong> ratteen <strong>and</strong> partly<br />

alter. <strong>of</strong> the -ine <strong>of</strong> armozine, bombazine : inferior fabric<br />

resembling a specified fabric : imitation sateen velveteen<br />

-een n suffix - IrGael -n chiefly Irish : small one : dear one<br />

: petty or contemptible one in diminutive nouns birdeen<br />

buckeen squireen<br />

-eer n suffix - MF -ier, fr. L -arius more at -ary 1 :one<br />

that deals in, is concerned with pr<strong>of</strong>essionally, manages, conducts,<br />

or produces auctioneer pamphleteer <strong>of</strong>ten in<br />

words with derogatory meaning or connotation pr<strong>of</strong>iteer 2<br />

: contemptible one patrioteer<br />

egypto- combining form, cap prob. fr. F égypto-, fr. Gk aigypto-,<br />

fr. Aigyptos Egypt 1 :Egypt Egyptology 2 :Egyptian<br />

<strong>and</strong> Egypto-Arabic Egypto-Greek<br />

eicosa- or eicos- combining form ISV, fr. Gk eikosa-, eikostwenty,<br />

fr. eikosi : containing 20 atoms as <strong>of</strong> carbon<br />

eicosane<br />

eid- or eido- combining form Gk, form, fr. eidos : image : figure<br />

eidoptometry<br />

-ein or -eine n suffix - ISV, alter. <strong>of</strong> -in, -ine : a compound distinguished<br />

from a compound with a name ending in -in or -ine<br />

usu. -eine in names <strong>of</strong> bases <strong>and</strong> -ein in names <strong>of</strong> nonbases<br />

nicoteine phthalein<br />

eka- combining form Skt eka one : st<strong>and</strong>ing or assumed to<br />

st<strong>and</strong> next in order beyond a specified element in the same<br />

family <strong>of</strong> the periodic table in names <strong>of</strong> chemical elements<br />

esp. when not yet discovered ekacesium now called francium<br />

compare -<br />

-el n suffix - ME, fr. OF -el, -ele, fr. L -ellus, -ella, -ellum<br />

: small one cormel<br />

elaio- or elaeo- or eleo- combining form G elo- NL elaeo-,<br />

fr. Gk elaio- olive oil, oil, fr. elaion, fr. elaia olive : oil elaioplast<br />

elaeoblast eleocyte<br />

elasm- or elasmo- combining form F élasm- NL elasmo-, fr.<br />

Gk elasmos metal plate akin to Gk elaunein to drive : plate<br />

Elasmobranchii<br />

elast- or elasto- combining form NL elast-, fr. LGk elastos ductile<br />

1 :elasticity elastin 2 :elastic <strong>and</strong> elastoviscous<br />

electr- or electro- combining form NL electr-, fr. L electrum<br />

amber 1 a : electricity electrometer b :electric electrize<br />

electromagnet : electric <strong>and</strong> electromedical<br />

: electrically electropositive 2 : electrolytic electroanalysis<br />

3 : electromagnetic electrochronograph 4<br />

: electron electrophilic<br />

eleuther- or eleuthero- combining form Gk, free, fr. eleutheros<br />

1:freedom eleutheromania 2 :free Eleutherozoa<br />

-ella n suffix, pl -ellae or -ellas L more at - 1 :little one<br />

resembling <strong>of</strong>ten in generic names Capsella 2 :little one<br />

squamella 3 :little one belonging to Moluccella<br />

elongato- combining form elongate + -o- : elongated <strong>and</strong> elongato-ovate<br />

elytr- or elytri- or elytro- combining form prob. fr. NL, fr.<br />

elytron : elytron elytroid elytriferous<br />

embol- or emboli- or embolo- combining form NL embol-, fr.<br />

ML in embolismus intercalation 1 :embolus embolectomy<br />

emboliform 2 :wedge Embolomeri<br />

embry- or embryo- combining form LL, fr. Gk, fr. embryon<br />

: embryo embryectomy embryology<br />

embryon- or embryoni- combining form ML embryon-, embryo<br />

: embryo embryonic embryoniform<br />

-eme n suffix - F -ème thing, unit in phonème speech sound,<br />

fr. Gk -mat-, -ma in phnmat-, phnma utterance, fr. --<br />

stem vowel <strong>of</strong> phnein to sound + -mat-, -ma noun suffix<br />

more at - : significantly distinctive unit <strong>of</strong> structure<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified kind in a language or dialect morpheme<br />

toneme compare -<br />

-emia or -aemia also -hemia or -haemia n combining form -<br />

NL -emia, -aemia, fr. Gk -aimia, fr. haima blood + -ia -y <br />

more at - 1 : condition <strong>of</strong> having such blood<br />

leukemia septicemia 2 :condition <strong>of</strong> having a specified<br />

thing in the blood cholemia uremia<br />

empirio- also empirico- combining form empirio- fr. G, fr. Gk<br />

empeiria experience fr. empeiros experienced + -ia -y + G -o-<br />

empirico- fr. empiric, adj. + -o- 1 :experience : experiment<br />

empiriogenic empiriosymbolist 2 :empirical <strong>and</strong> empiricoinductive<br />

en- also em- prefix ME, fr. OF, fr. L in-, im-, fr. in 1 :put<br />

into encradle : put on to enthrone : cover or surround<br />

with enverdure : go into or on to embus in verbs<br />

formed from nouns 2 :cause to be englad enslave <br />

sometimes in verbs that also have the suffix -en embolden<br />

in verbs formed from adjectives or nouns 3 :provide with<br />

encollar empower in verbs formed from nouns 4 :so<br />

as to cover or surround enwrap : thoroughly entangle <br />

<strong>of</strong>ten in verbs differing little or not at all in meaning from the<br />

corresponding verb without prefix entame in verbs formed<br />

from verbs in all senses usu. em- before b, m, or p <strong>and</strong> en- in<br />

other circumstances<br />

en- also em- prefix ME, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. en in : in : within<br />

: inside endermic engram enzootic usu. em- before<br />

b, m, or p embatholithic <strong>and</strong> en- in other circumstances<br />

en- combining form ISV, fr. -ene : chemically unsaturated esp<br />

: having one double bond enamine<br />

-en also -n adj suffix ME, fr. OE akin to OHG -n made <strong>of</strong>,<br />

ON -inn, Goth -eins made <strong>of</strong>, <strong>of</strong> or belonging to, L -inus with<br />

long <strong>of</strong> or belonging to, Gk -inos made <strong>of</strong>, <strong>of</strong> or belonging<br />

to, Skt -na <strong>of</strong> or belonging to : made <strong>of</strong> : consisting <strong>of</strong><br />

earthen woolen now relatively infrequent because <strong>of</strong><br />

the widespread attributive use <strong>of</strong> nouns or <strong>of</strong> adjectives<br />

formed from nouns without the addition <strong>of</strong> a suffix as in gold<br />

cup, wheat cake <strong>and</strong> to be found chiefly in adjectives which<br />

are obsolete tinnen or archaic oaken or in which a sense<br />

other than the literal one has become prominent golden<br />

wooden usu. -n after -er silvern<br />

-en vb suffix --- ME -nen, fr. OE -nian as in fstnian<br />

to fasten akin to OS -nn, final segment <strong>of</strong> certain transitive<br />

infinitives as in fastnn to fasten, OHG -inn as in festinn<br />

to fasten, ON -na as in fastna to pledge, betroth 1 a : cause<br />

to be sharpen sometimes in verbs that also have the prefix<br />

en- embolden in transitive verbs formed from adjectives<br />

b:cause to have lengthen in transitive verbs formed<br />

from nouns 2 a : come to be steepen in intransitive<br />

verbs formed from adjectives b :come to have lengthen <br />

in intransitive verbs formed from nouns<br />

enantio- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. enantios, fr. enanti in<br />

the presence <strong>of</strong>, fr. en in + anti against more at - 1<br />

: opposite enantiotropy 2 :antagonistic enantiobiosis<br />

-ence n suffix - ME, fr. OF, fr. L -entia, fr. -ent-, -ens -ent + -ia<br />

-y 1:action or process abstinence emergence confluence<br />

: instance <strong>of</strong> an action or process reference reminiscence<br />

2 :quality or state condescendence dependence<br />

: one having a specified quality or being in a specified state<br />

st<strong>and</strong>ing on an eminence<br />

encephal- or encephalo- combining form F encéphal-, fr. Gk<br />

enkephal-, fr. enkephalos brain 1 :brain encephalitis encephalocele<br />

2 :<strong>of</strong> or belonging to the brain <strong>and</strong> encephalospinal<br />

-encephalia n combining form - NL, fr. -encephalus + -ia -y<br />

: condition <strong>of</strong> having such a brain sclerencephalia<br />

-encephalous adj combining form Gk -enkephalos, fr. enkephalos<br />

brain : having such a brain micrencephalous

---

-encephalus 18<br />

-ergy<br />

-encephalus n combining form, pl -encephali NL, fr. Gk<br />

-enkephalos -encephalous 1 : fetus having such a brain<br />

pseudencephalus 2 : condition <strong>of</strong> having such a brain<br />

micrencephalus<br />

-encephaly n combining form - NL -encephalia : condition<br />

<strong>of</strong> having such a brain anencephaly<br />

-enchyma n combining form, pl -enchymata or -enchymas NL,<br />

fr. -enchyma in parenchyma : cellular tissue <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

type collenchyma cystenchyma<br />

-enchyme n combining form - NL -enchyma : -<br />

collenchyme<br />

-ency n suffix - ME -encie, fr. L -entia more at - 1<br />

: quality or state efficiency expediency 2 :one having a<br />

specified quality or being in a specified state His<br />

Excellency 3 : instance <strong>of</strong> a specified quality or state<br />

repeated inadvertencies<br />

end- or endo- combining form F, fr. Gk, fr. endon within, at<br />

home, fr. en in + -don perh. akin to L domus house 1 a<br />

: within : inside Endamoeba endoscope b : taking in<br />

: requiring endergonic opposed to exo- 2 :endocardium<br />

<strong>and</strong> endopericarditis<br />

endotheli- or endothelio- combining form ISV, fr. NL endothelium<br />

: endothelium endotheliocyte endothelioma<br />

-ene n suffix - ISV, fr. Gk -n fem. patronymic suffix<br />

: unsaturated carbon compound benzene esp : carbon<br />

compound characterized by the presence <strong>of</strong> one double bond<br />

propene in names <strong>of</strong> straight-chain hydrocarbons distinguished<br />

from -ane, -yne compare -<br />

ennea- combining form Gk, fr. ennea : nine enneagon<br />

enneapetalous<br />

-ennial adj combining form ME -eniale, fr. MF -ennial, fr. L<br />

-ennium as in biennium period <strong>of</strong> two years + MF -al<br />

: recurring at or marking intervals <strong>of</strong> so many years biennial<br />

centennial<br />

ent- or ento- combining form NL Gk NL, fr. Gk entos akin<br />

to L intus within, Gk en in : inner : within entad entoblast<br />

-ent n suffix - ME, fr. OF, fr. L -ent-, -ens, fr. pres. part. suffix<br />

<strong>of</strong> the 2d 3d conjugations, fr. -e- vowel <strong>of</strong> the 2d 3d<br />

conjugations, + -nt-, -ns, pres. part. suffix more at -<br />

: one that performs a specified action regent resident<br />

tangent compare -<br />

-ent adj suffix ME, fr. OF, fr. L -ent-, -ens, pres. part. suffix<br />

: doing, behaving, existing in the way specified apparent<br />

reverent subsequent with verbs or verbal roots compare<br />

-<br />

enter- or entero- combining form L Gk L entero-, fr. Gk<br />

enter-, entero-, fr. enteron more at - 1 :intestine<br />

enteritis enterocrinin 2 :intestinal <strong>and</strong> enterohepatic<br />

entom- or entomo- combining form F, fr. Gk entomon : insect<br />

entomophagous entomostracan<br />

eo- combining form Gk - dawn, fr. s : earliest : oldest<br />

Eohippus eolithic specif : first <strong>of</strong> two or three subdivisions<br />

<strong>of</strong> geologic time Eocene compare -, -, -,<br />

-<br />

-eous adj suffix L -eus composed <strong>of</strong>, <strong>of</strong> the nature <strong>of</strong> or resembling<br />

a specified substance akin to Gk -eos composed <strong>of</strong>,<br />

Skt -aya : like : resembling : <strong>of</strong> the nature <strong>of</strong> aqueous vitreous<br />

ependym- or ependymo- combining form NL, fr. ependyma<br />

: ependyma ependymitis ependymoepithelium<br />

epi- or ep- also eph- prefix epi- fr. ME, upon, fr. MF ML<br />

MF, fr. ML, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. epi on, upon, to ep- fr. MF, fr.<br />

L, fr. Gk, fr. epi eph- fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. epi akin to OE e<strong>of</strong>ot<br />

crime, Goth iftuma next, following, L ob to, before, on<br />

account <strong>of</strong>, Skt api besides 1 :upon epiphyte : besides<br />

epenthesis : near to epencephalon : over epicenter<br />

: outer epidermis : anterior epicnemial : prior to<br />

epacme : after epembryonic epi- before consonants<br />

other than h, <strong>and</strong> sometimes ep- before vowels <strong>and</strong> ephbefore<br />

h which is not repeated, but sometimes epi- even<br />

before h or a vowel 2 : altered in petrographic terms<br />

epidiorite 3 :resting on as a geological stratum : following<br />

in time in names <strong>of</strong> geological eras, periods, systems,<br />

series, or formations Eparchean<br />

epiderm- or epidermo- combining form epidermis : epidermis<br />

epidermolysis<br />

epididym- or epididymo- combining form NL, fr. epididymis<br />

: epididymal <strong>and</strong> epididymodeferential<br />

epilept- or epilepti- or epilepto- combining form F épilept-, fr.<br />

L epilept-, fr. Gk epilpt-, fr. epilptos : epilepsy epileptoid<br />

epileptogenic<br />

epithel- combining form NL epithelium : epithelium epithelize<br />

epitheloid<br />

epitheli- or epithelio- combining form NL epithelium : epithelium<br />

epithelioma : epithelial <strong>and</strong> epitheliogl<strong>and</strong>ular<br />

epoxy- combining form epi- + oxy- : epoxy<br />

equi- also aequi- combining form ME equi-, fr. MF L MF<br />

equi-, fr. L aequi-, fr. aequus level, equal : equal equidistribution<br />

: equally equidistant equisided<br />

-er adj suffix or adv suffix ME -er, -ere, -re, fr. OE -ra in adjectives,<br />

-or in adverbs akin to comparative suffixes OHG -iro,<br />

-ro in adjectives, -r in adverbs, ON -ri, -ari in adjectives,<br />

-r, -ar in adverbs, Goth -iza, -oza in adjectives, -is,<br />

-os in adverbs, L -ior in adjectives, Gk -in in adjectives,<br />

Skt -yas in adjectives used to form the comparative<br />

degree <strong>of</strong> adjectives <strong>and</strong> adverbs <strong>of</strong> one syllable hotter<br />

drier later sooner colder <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> certain adjectives <strong>and</strong><br />

adverbs <strong>of</strong> two syllables abler completer gentlier happier<br />

yellower <strong>and</strong> sometimes <strong>of</strong> longer ones regularly<br />

accompanied by coalescence with final e <strong>of</strong> the base word,<br />

change <strong>of</strong> final postconsonantal y <strong>of</strong> the base word to i, or<br />

doubling <strong>of</strong> the final consonant <strong>of</strong> the base word immediately<br />

after a short stressed vowel<br />

-er also -ier or -yer n suffix - ME -er, -ere, fr. OE -ere akin<br />

to D G -er, OHG -ri, ON -ari, Goth -areis all fr. a prehistoric<br />

Gmc suffix borrowed fr. L -arius -ary in sense 1, partly<br />

fr. ME -er, -ier, -ere, -iere, fr. AF -er, -ere OF -ier, -iere,<br />

fr. L -arius, -aria, -arium -ary in sense 2, partly fr. ME -er,<br />

-ere, fr. MF -ere, fr. L -ator suffix denoting an agent more<br />

at -ary, -or 1 a : person occupationally connected with<br />

hatter jailer furrier hosier lawyer b : person or<br />

thing belonging to, related to, or associated with header<br />

old-timer high schooler c :native <strong>of</strong> : resident <strong>of</strong> : one<br />

coming from cottager Londoner Maryl<strong>and</strong>er New<br />

Yorker d :one that has three-decker the baby is a tenpounder<br />

e :one that produces or yields porker vealer<br />

wooler 2 a : one that does or performs a specified action<br />

maker player reporter transformer range finder <br />

sometimes added to both elements <strong>of</strong> a compound<br />

builder-upper tryer-outer b :one that is a suitable object<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified action broiler fryer 3 :one that is foreigner<br />

goner westerner down-<strong>and</strong>-outer -yer in a<br />

small number <strong>of</strong> words after w, -ier in a small number <strong>of</strong><br />

words after other letters, otherwise -er -er <strong>and</strong> -ier regularly<br />

accompanied by doubling <strong>of</strong> the final consonant <strong>of</strong> the base<br />

word immediately after a short stressed vowel, -ier regularly<br />

accompanied by omission <strong>of</strong> final e <strong>of</strong> the base word, -er regularly<br />

accompanied by coalescence with final e <strong>of</strong> the base<br />

word <strong>and</strong> sometimes accompanied by change <strong>of</strong> final postconsonantal<br />

y <strong>of</strong> the base word to i flier flyer<br />

erem- or eremo- combining form NL, fr. Gk erm-, ermo-, fr.<br />

ermos lonely, solitary <strong>and</strong> ermia desert, fr. ermos + -ia -y<br />

: solitary Eremurus : desert eremology chiefly in terms<br />

in biology<br />

erg- or ergo- combining form Gk, fr. ergon : work ergophobia<br />

ergodic<br />

ergat- or ergato- combining form ISV, fr. Gk ergat-, fr. ergats,<br />

fr. ergazesthai to work : worker ergatoid ergatomorphic<br />

-ergic adj combining form -ergy + -ic : exhibiting or stimulating<br />

activity <strong>of</strong> dopaminergic<br />

ergo- combining form F, fr. ergot : ergot ergosterol<br />

-ergy n combining form - LL -ergia, fr. Gk -ergeia, -ergia, fr.<br />

ergon work + -eia, -ia -y : work synergy : effect allergy

---

erio- 19<br />

-etum<br />

erio- combining form Gk erio-, eirio-, fr. erion, eirion : wool<br />

Eriogonum eriometer<br />

eruci- combining form ISV, fr. L eruca : caterpillar eruciform<br />

erucivorous<br />

-ery n suffix - ME -erie, fr. OF, fr. -ier -er + -ie -y 1 :qualities<br />

collectively : character : - tomfoolery snobbery<br />

2:art, practice, trade mountebankery compare - 3<br />

: place <strong>of</strong> doing, keeping, growing, breeding, selling the thing<br />

specified piggery rookery fishery bindery bakery<br />

4:collection : aggregate finery greenery compare -<br />

5:state : condition slavery monkery compare -<br />

erythr- or erythro- combining form Gk erythr-, erythro-, fr. erythros<br />

1 :red erythrism erythrophyll 2 :related to erythrose<br />

erythronic acid 3 :erythrocyte erythremia erythropoiesis<br />

-es n pl suffix ME -es, -s more at -s 1 used to form the<br />

plural <strong>of</strong> most nouns that end in s glasses, z fuzzes, sh<br />

bushes, ch peaches, or postconsonantal y which changes<br />

to i ladies, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> some nouns ending in o heroes, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />

some nouns ending in f which changes to v loaves compare<br />

- 1 2 :- 2 Christmases we go to gr<strong>and</strong>mothers<br />

-es vb suffix ME Northern North Midl<strong>and</strong> more at -s<br />

used to form the third person singular present indicative <strong>of</strong><br />

most verbs that end in s blesses, z fizzes, sh hushes, ch<br />

catches, or postconsonantal y which changes to i defies<br />

compare - 1<br />

-es n pl suffix ME, -es, fr. -e, older gen. pl. ending fr. OE -a<br />

+ -s, gen. sing. ending more at - used to form the plural<br />

possessive <strong>of</strong> most nouns that end in s, z, sh, ch, or postconsonantal<br />

y <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> some nouns ending in f<br />

-escence n suffix - MF, fr. L -escentia, fr. -escent-, -escens + -ia<br />

: state or process <strong>of</strong> becoming obsolescence convalescence<br />

-escent adj suffix MF, fr. L -escent-, -escens pres. part. suffix<br />

<strong>of</strong> inchoative verbs ending in -escere, fr. -esc-, element forming<br />

inchoative verbs + -ent-, -ens, pres. part. suffix <strong>of</strong> the 3d<br />

conjugation more at - 1 :beginning, beginning to be,<br />

becoming, slightly obsolescent arborescent alkalescent<br />

2:reflecting or emitting light in a specified way opalescent<br />

fluorescent<br />

-ese adj suffix Pg -s It -ese, adj. n. suffix, fr. assumed<br />

VL -esis, fr. L -ensis : <strong>of</strong>, relating to, or originating in a certain<br />

place or country Japanese Viennese<br />

-ese n suffix, pl -ese Pg -s It -ese 1 :native or resident <strong>of</strong><br />

a specified place or country Chinese 2 a : the language <strong>of</strong><br />

a particular place, country, or nationality Siamese<br />

Cantonese b :speech, literary style, or diction peculiar to<br />

a specified place, person, or group usu. in words applied<br />

in dislike or contempt Carlylese federalese journalese<br />

Pentagonese<br />

-esis n suffix, pl -eses ME, fr. OE, fr. L, fr. Gk -esis, -sis, fr.<br />

-e-, --, derivational element attached to certain verbs + -sis,<br />

fem. suffix <strong>of</strong> action : action : process emesis<br />

eso- prefix Gk eso-, fr. es within : inner esotropia<br />

esoneural<br />

esophag- or esophago- also oesophag- or oesophago- combining<br />

form Gk oisophagos gullet : esophagus esophagectomy<br />

esophagopathy : esophageal <strong>and</strong> esophagogastroscopy<br />

-esque adj suffix F, fr. It -esco, <strong>of</strong> Gmc origin akin to OHG<br />

-isc more at - : in the manner or style <strong>of</strong> : like : -<br />

Romanesque Kiplingesque Lincolnesque statuesque<br />

Hardyesque<br />

-esque n suffix - : something in the style <strong>of</strong> arabesque<br />

-ess n suffix - ME -esse, fr. OF, fr. LL -issa, fr. Gk : female<br />

goddess giantess esp. in agent nouns actress poetess<br />

-est adj suffix or adv suffix ME, fr. OE -st, -est, -ost akin to<br />

superlative suffixes OHG -isto, -sto in adjectives, -ist, -st<br />

in adverbs, ON -str, -astr in adjectives, -st, -ast in adverbs,<br />

Goth -ists, -osts in adjectives, -ist in adverbs, Gk -istos in<br />

adjectives, Skt -iha in adjectives prob. fr. the suffix represented<br />

by E -er + the suffix represented by E -ed used<br />

to form the superlative degree <strong>of</strong> adjectives <strong>and</strong> adverbs <strong>of</strong><br />

one syllable fattest latest newest, <strong>of</strong> certain adjectives<br />

<strong>and</strong> adverbs <strong>of</strong> two syllables luckiest <strong>of</strong>tenest remotest<br />

simplest, <strong>and</strong> less <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>of</strong> longer ones beggarliest <strong>of</strong>ten<br />

attached to words as participles in adjectival use that rarely<br />

if ever show a corresponding comparative formation in -er<br />

cussedest fightingest lyingest regularly accompanied<br />

by coalescence with final e <strong>of</strong> the base word, change <strong>of</strong> final<br />

postconsonantal y <strong>of</strong> the base word to i, or doubling <strong>of</strong> the<br />

final consonant <strong>of</strong> the base word immediately after a short<br />

stressed vowel<br />

-est or -st suffix ME, fr. OE -est, -ast, -st, 2d sing. pres. endings<br />

<strong>of</strong> various classes <strong>of</strong> verbs fr. earlier -es, -as, -s + -t, assimilated<br />

form <strong>of</strong> the 2d pers. pron. th thou -est fr. earlier -es +<br />

-t, 2d sing. past ending <strong>of</strong> weak verbs akin to OHG -ist, -st,<br />

-st fr. earlier -is, -s, -s + -t, fr. th, thu thou, 2d sing. pres.<br />

endings, -st fr. earlier -s + -t, 2d sing. past ending <strong>of</strong> weak<br />

verbs, Goth -is, -os, -ais, 2d sing. pres. endings, -es, 2d sing.<br />

past ending <strong>of</strong> weak verbs, ON -r, -ar, -ir, 2d sing. pres. endings,<br />

-ir, 2d sing. past ending <strong>of</strong> weak verbs, L Gk -s preceded<br />

by various thematic vowels, 2d sing. pres. ending, Skt<br />

-si used to form the archaic second person singular indicative<br />

<strong>of</strong> English verbs with thou gettest didst carriest<br />

failedst canst<br />

-estes n combining form NL, modif. <strong>of</strong> Gk edests, fr.<br />

Homeric edmenai to eat : -eater in generic names <strong>of</strong><br />

birds Spermestes<br />

esthesio- or aesthesio- combining form NL, fr. Gk aisthsis sensation,<br />

perception, feeling, fr. aisthanesthai to perceive, feel<br />

: sensation esthesioneurosis aesthesiology<br />

-et n suffix - ME, fr. OF -et masc. -ete fem., fr. LL -itus<br />

-ita 1 :small one : lesser one : - baronet cellaret<br />

singlet 2 :group octet<br />

eth- or etho- combining form ISV, fr. ethyl : ethyl ethaldehyde<br />

ethochloride<br />

-eth or -th vb suffix ME, fr. OE -eth, -ath, -th, 3d sing. pres.<br />

indic. endings <strong>of</strong> various classes <strong>of</strong> verbs akin to OHG -it, -t,<br />

-t, 3d sing. pres. indic. endings, early ON runic -ith, -th,<br />

-th, -th, Goth -ith, -eith, -oth, -aith, L -t preceded by various<br />

thematic vowels, Gk -ti-, 3d sing. pres. indic. ending <strong>of</strong> unthematic<br />

verbs, Skt -ti preceded by various thematic vowels or<br />

by a consonant, 3d sing. pres. indic. ending used to form<br />

the archaic third person singular present indicative <strong>of</strong> verbs<br />

goeth doth thinketh hath saith maketh leadeth<br />

ethico- combining form NL, fr. L ethicus moral, ethical : ethical<br />

<strong>and</strong> ethicoreligious : ethics ethicocentered<br />

ethmo- combining form Gk thmo- strainer influenced in<br />

meaning by E ethmoid, fr. thmos : ethmoidal <strong>and</strong> ethm<strong>of</strong>rontal<br />

: ethmoid <strong>and</strong> ethmosphenoid<br />

ethno- combining form F, fr. LGk, fr. Gk ethnos nation 1<br />

: race, people, cultural group ethnography ethnogenic 2<br />

: characteristic <strong>of</strong> or believed by a people, race, or group ethnometeorology<br />

: used by or related to a people or race ethnobiology<br />

ethn<strong>of</strong>lora<br />

ethoxy- combining form ISV, fr. ethoxyl : containing ethoxyl<br />

in names <strong>of</strong> chemical compounds ethoxycaffeine<br />

-etic adj suffix L Gk L -eticus, fr. Gk -etikos, tikos, fr. -etos,<br />

-tos, ending <strong>of</strong> certain verbals + -ikos -ic : - algetic <br />

usu. used to form adjectives corresponding to nouns ending<br />

in -esis as genetic : genesis<br />

etio- or aetio- or aitio- combining form ML aetio-, fr. Gk aitio-,<br />

fr. aitia 1 : cause etiologic etiogenic 2 : formed by<br />

chemical degradation <strong>of</strong> a specified compound etiophyllin<br />

etrusco- combining form, cap L Etruscus : Etruscan <strong>and</strong><br />

Etrusco-Roman<br />

-ette n suffix - ME, fr. MF, fem. dim. suffix, fr. OF -ete <br />

more at - 1 :little one <strong>of</strong> the thing or class specified<br />

: - wagonette kitchenette dinette 2 :group <strong>of</strong> so<br />

many octette 3 :female majorette farmerette suffragette<br />

4 :imitation : substitute erminette beaverette <br />

used chiefly in commercial names<br />

-etum n suffix, pl -eta or -etums L -etum 1 :garden or group

---

eu- 20<br />

fluor-<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified kind <strong>of</strong> plant rosetum pinetum 2 :consocies<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified plant genus or family characetum<br />

eu- combining form ME, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. ey, eu, fr. neut. <strong>of</strong> eys<br />

good akin to Hitt asus good <strong>and</strong> perh. to Skt asti he is 1 a<br />

: well : easily euplastic opposed to dys- b :good eudaemon<br />

opposed to dys- 2 a : most typical : true<br />

Euascomycetes euchromosome b :truly eucoelomate<br />

c:having a complete life cycle eu-form 3 :improved derivative<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified substance eucodeine<br />

eur- or euro- combining form, cap Europe 1 :European <strong>and</strong><br />

Eurafrican 2 :European Eurocentric : western European<br />

Eurocommunism : <strong>of</strong> the European Union Eurocrat<br />

europeo- combining form, cap L europaeus European<br />

: European <strong>and</strong> Europeo-Asiatic<br />

eury- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. eurys akin to Skt uru<br />

broad, wide : broad eurygnathic : wide eurybenthic<br />

euryhaline opposed to sten-<br />

-eus n combining form, pl -ei also -euses NL, fr. L, adj. suffix,<br />

composed <strong>of</strong>, <strong>of</strong> the nature <strong>of</strong>, or resembling a specified substance<br />

more at - : muscle that constitutes, has the<br />

form <strong>of</strong>, or joins a specified part, thing, or structures gluteus<br />

rhomboideus iliococcygeus<br />

ex- or ef- prefix ME, fr. OF L OF, fr. L also, perfective <strong>and</strong><br />

intensive prefix, fr. ex out <strong>of</strong>, from akin to Gk ex out <strong>of</strong>,<br />

from, OIr ess-, OSlav iz, izŭ, is 1 :out <strong>of</strong> : away from : outside<br />

<strong>of</strong> excircle exclave 2 :without : lacking exalate<br />

exalbuminous 3 ME ex-, fr. LL, fr. L : out <strong>of</strong> the <strong>of</strong>fice<br />

or condition named by the main word : former : sometime<br />

usu. joined to second element by a hyphen ex-president<br />

ex-convict <strong>of</strong>ten with phrases ex-child actor ex-manabout-town<br />

usu. ef- in senses 1 2 before f efform<br />

effuse always ex- in sense 3<br />

exa- combining form ISV, modif. <strong>of</strong> Gk hexa- hexa- : quintillion<br />

exajoules<br />

excito- combining form excitor L excitare to excite 1 :excitor<br />

<strong>and</strong> excitomotory excitosecretory 2 :exciting : stimulating<br />

: causing activity <strong>of</strong> a specified kind excitocatabolism<br />

exo- or ex- combining form Gk ex out <strong>of</strong>, out, outside <strong>of</strong>, outside,<br />

fr. ex out <strong>of</strong> more at ex- 1 :outside exogamy<br />

: outer exocarp exoskeleton opposed to end- compare<br />

- 2 :producing exergonic opposed to endextra-<br />

prefix ME, fr. L, fr. extra, adv. prep., outside, except,<br />

beyond, fr. exter outward, on the outside : outside : beyond<br />

esp. in adjectives formed from adjectives extracranial<br />

extralegal extravascular extra-urban extrahistoric<br />

extro- prefix modif. influenced by intro- <strong>of</strong> L extra more<br />

at - : outside : outward extrovert opposed to<br />

intro-<br />

-facient adj combining form L facient-, faciens, pres. part. <strong>of</strong><br />

facere to do, make as in calefacere to warm : making : causing<br />

somnifacient<br />

facio- combining form ISV, fr. L facies form, shape, face 1<br />

: facial <strong>and</strong> faciolingual 2 :facial facioplegia<br />

-faction n combining form - ME -faccioun, fr. MF L MF<br />

-faction, fr. L -faction-, -factio as in satisfaction-, satisfactio<br />

satisfaction : making : - rarefaction in nouns<br />

derived from verbs ending in -fy<br />

-factive adj combining form MF -factif, fr. -faction + -if -ive<br />

: making : causing : - putrefactive<br />

farado- combining form farad ic + -o- : resulting from or involving<br />

faradic stimulus faradocontractility faradotherapy<br />

febri- combining form LL, fr. L febris : fever febricide<br />

femino- combining form L femina : woman feminology<br />

femoro- combining form NL, fr. L femor-, femur thigh<br />

: femoral femorocele : femoral <strong>and</strong> femor<strong>of</strong>ibular<br />

femto- combining form ISV, fr. Dan or Norw femten fifteen fr.<br />

ON fimmtn + -o- : one quadrillionth 10 −15 part <strong>of</strong> femtosecond<br />

fenno- combining form, usu cap Sw, fr. L Fenni Finns 1<br />

: Finnish <strong>and</strong> Fenno-German 2 : including Finl<strong>and</strong><br />

Fenno-Sc<strong>and</strong>inavia<br />

-fer n combining form - F L F -fère, fr. L -fer n. adj. comb.<br />

form, fr. ferre to bear, carry : one that bears aquifer conifer<br />

-ferous adj combining form ME, fr. L -fer MF -fere fr. L<br />

-fer + E -ous more at - : bearing : producing : yielding<br />

auriferous ovuliferous almost always preceded by i<br />

-ferously adv combining form -ferousness n combining<br />

form -<br />

ferri- combining form L ferri-, fr. ferrum iron 1 :iron ferri<br />

ferous 2 ferric : containing ferric iron ferrihemoglobin<br />

ferro- combining form ML ferro-, fr. L ferrum iron 1 :iron<br />

: containing iron ferroconcrete 2 :iron <strong>and</strong> ferronickel<br />

chiefly in names <strong>of</strong> alloys 3 ferrous : containing ferrous<br />

iron ferr<strong>of</strong>erricyanide<br />

ferroso- combining form NL ferrosus ferrous : ferrous <strong>and</strong><br />

ferros<strong>of</strong>erric<br />

-fest n combining form - G fest festival, holiday, fr. MHG vest, fr.<br />

L festum, fr. neut. <strong>of</strong> festus solemn, festal 1:festive gathering esp.<br />

for competition shootingfest turnerfest songfest 2 :session<br />

<strong>of</strong>ten informal or spontaneous gabfest : outburst <strong>of</strong> activity<br />

slugfest<br />

feto- or feti- also foeto- or foeti- combining form feto-, foeto- fr.<br />

L fetus, foetus feti-, foeti- fr. L, fr. fetus, foetus : fetus fetometry<br />

: fetal <strong>and</strong> fetoplacental<br />

fibr- or fibro- combining form L fibra 1 a : fiber : fibrous <strong>and</strong><br />

: fibrous tissue fibrogenic fibrocaseous fibrosis b :<strong>of</strong> or<br />

containing fibrous tissue fibrocartilage fibroangioma<br />

fibrocarcinoma 2 :fibrotic fibrobronchitis 3 a : fibroma<br />

<strong>and</strong> : fibromatous fibromyxoma fibrochondroma b :a<br />

fibroma containing fibrocyst 4 :fibrin <strong>and</strong> fibrohemorrhagic<br />

fibropurulent<br />

-fic adj suffix MF L MF -fique, fr. L -ficus, fr. facere make,<br />

do : making : causing : bringing about acidific prolific<br />

-fication n combining form - ME -ficacioun, fr. MF L MF<br />

-fication, fr. L -fication-, -ficatio, fr. -ficatus past part. ending<br />

<strong>of</strong> verbs ending in -ficare to make, fr. -ficus -fic + -ion-, -io<br />

-ion : making : production pacification vinification russification<br />

compare -, -<br />

-fid adj combining form L -fidus, fr. the root <strong>of</strong> findere to split<br />

: divided into so many parts sexifid or such parts pinnatifid<br />

-fidate adj combining form L -fidatus, fr. -fidus -fid + -atus -ate<br />

: -<br />

fili- combining form L filum : thread or threads : something<br />

resembling thread or threads filicauline filiferous<br />

fissi- combining form LL, fr. L fissus, past part. <strong>of</strong> findere to<br />

split 1 :divided : cleft fissilingual 2 :fission fissiparous<br />

flabelli- combining form L, fan, fr. flabellum : fan flabelliform<br />

flabellinerved<br />

flav- or flavo- combining form L flavus 1 :yellow flavin<br />

flavo-virescent 2 :flavin flavoenzyme<br />

-florate adj combining form L flor-, flos + E -ate : flowered<br />

biflorate<br />

flori- combining form L, fr. flor-, flos to bloom : flower or<br />

flowers floriculture : something resembling a flower or<br />

flowers floriated<br />

-florous adj combining form LL -florus, fr. L flor-, flos flower<br />

to bloom : having or bearing such or so many flowers<br />

: -flowered : - in words whose first constituent<br />

ends in i noctiflorous uniflorous<br />

fluo- combining form ISV, prob. by shortening : - 1<br />

fluoberyllate<br />

fluor- or fluoro- combining form F fluor-, fr. NL fluor mineral<br />

belonging to a group including fluorite 1 a : fluorine fluorhydric<br />

fluor<strong>of</strong>orm b now usu fluoro- : containing fluorine<br />

in place <strong>of</strong> hydrogen in names <strong>of</strong> organic compounds<br />

fluorobenzene c now usu fluoro- : containing fluorine<br />

regarded as replacing hydroxyl or oxygen or as coordinated to<br />

a central atom in names <strong>of</strong> inorganic acids <strong>and</strong> salts fluoromolybdate<br />

d :containing fluorine as fluoride sometimes<br />

replacing another element or group in names <strong>of</strong> minerals<br />

<strong>and</strong> salts fluorapatite fluorochloride 2 also fluori- : fluorescence<br />

fluorene fluoroscope fluorimeter

---

fluoresci- 21<br />

gastr-<br />

fluoresci- combining form fluorescence : fluorescence fluorescigenic<br />

fluvi- or fluvio- combining form L fluvi-, fr. fluvius 1 :river,<br />

stream fluvicoline fluviology 2 :fluvial <strong>and</strong> fluviovolcanic<br />

-fold suffix ME -fold, -fald, fr. OE -feald akin to OHG -falt<br />

-fold, ON -faldr, Goth -falths derivatives fr. the root <strong>of</strong> E fold<br />

1:multiplied by a specified number : times in adjectives<br />

a twelvefold increase <strong>and</strong> adverbs it will repay you tenfold<br />

2 :having so many laps, layers, or parts the threefold<br />

aspect <strong>of</strong> the problem<br />

-folious adj combining form L foliosus : having such or so<br />

many leaves centifolious<br />

for- prefix ME, fr. OE akin to OHG fir-, far-, fur- for-, OS for-,<br />

Goth fra-, fair- for-, faur- for-, fore-, OE for 1 : so as to<br />

involve prohibition, exclusion, omission, failure, or refusal <br />

almost exclusively in words coined before 1600 forsay<br />

forheed 2 :destructively or detrimentally almost exclusively<br />

in words coined before 1600 forhang forstorm 3<br />

: completely : excessively : to exhaustion : to pieces almost<br />

exclusively in words coined before 1600 forbruise forweary<br />

forspent<br />

fore- combining form ME for-, fore-, fr. OE fore-, fr. fore, adv.<br />

1 a : at an earlier point in time : beforeh<strong>and</strong> foresee foretell<br />

b :occurring at an earlier point in time : occurring<br />

beforeh<strong>and</strong> forepayment foreperiod c : being an early<br />

part <strong>of</strong> something stipulated foreday foresummer 2 a<br />

: situated at or toward the front : situated in front <strong>of</strong> something<br />

foreleg foreporch b :being the front part <strong>of</strong> something<br />

stipulated forearm forepalate<br />

form- or formo- combining form formic acid : formic acid<br />

: formyl formanilide formotoluidide<br />

-form adj combining form MF <strong>and</strong> L MF -forme, fr. L -formis,<br />

fr. forma form : in the form or shape <strong>of</strong> : resembling : --<br />

preceded by i calciform oviform<br />

-formes n pl combining form NL, fr. L, pl. <strong>of</strong> -formis -form<br />

: ones having such a form : ones resembling in names <strong>of</strong><br />

zoological orders <strong>and</strong> certain other groups <strong>of</strong> higher rank<br />

than family Galliformes Passeriformes<br />

fracto- combining form L fractus : broken up <strong>and</strong> fractocumulus<br />

: fracture fractograph<br />

franco- combining form, usu cap ML, fr. Francus Frenchman,<br />

fr. LL, Frank : French <strong>and</strong> Franco-Swiss : French<br />

Francophile<br />

frigo- combining form ISV, fr. L frigus frost, cold : cold<br />

frigostable frigotherapy<br />

fronto- combining form ISV, fr. L front-, frons forehead, brow,<br />

front 1 :frontal bone <strong>and</strong> frontoparietal : frontal lobe <strong>and</strong><br />

frontopontine 2 front + -o- : boundary <strong>of</strong> an air mass<br />

frontogenesis<br />

fructi- combining form L, fr. fructus : fruit fructiculture<br />

fructicolous<br />

fruti- combining form L frutic-, frutex : shrub fruticolous<br />

fuc- or fuco- or fuci- combining form NL, fr. Fucus 1 :derived<br />

from or related to the alga fucus fucic acid fuciphagous<br />

2:fucose fucoside fucopyranoside<br />

-fugal adj combining form prob. fr. assumed NL -fuga -fuge<br />

+ E -al : fleeing : passing from centrifugal -fugally adv<br />

combining form<br />

-fuge n combining form - F, prob. fr. assumed NL -fuga, fr.<br />

LL -fuga, -fugia in febrifuga, febrifugia centaury, fr. L fugare<br />

to put to flight, fr. fuga flight : one that drives away<br />

dolorifuge vermifuge<br />

-ful adj suffix ME, fr. OE, fr. full, adj. 1 :full <strong>of</strong> eventful<br />

2:characterized by : - peaceful boastful 3 :having<br />

the qualities <strong>of</strong> : resembling masterful 4 :- bashful<br />

mournful<br />

-ful also -full n suffix - ME -ful, fr. OE -ful, -full, fr. full, adj.<br />

: number or quantity that fills or would fill cupful roomful<br />

bellyful sometimes after pl. nouns bagsful<br />

fumar- or fumaro- combining form ISV, fr. NL Fumaria<br />

: fumaric acid fumaramide fumaronitrile<br />

fungi- combining form perh. fr. NL, fr. L fungus : fungus<br />

fungicolous fungiform<br />

fur- or furo- combining form ISV, fr. furfural 1 :related to<br />

furan furodiazole, furfural furoin, or furoic acid<br />

2-furamide 2 :containing a furan ring fused on one side to<br />

one side <strong>of</strong> another ring furoquinoline<br />

fusco- combining form ISV, fr. L fuscus : having a dark color<br />

: tawny fuscochlorin fusc<strong>of</strong>erruginous<br />

fusi- combining form L fusus spindle : spindle fusiform<br />

: spindle-shaped Fusicoccum<br />

fuso- combining form L fusus spindle 1 :shaped like a spindle<br />

fusocellular 2 : fusiform bacillus <strong>and</strong> fusospirillar<br />

fusospirochetal<br />

-fy vb suffix --- ME -fien, fr. OF -fier, fr. L -ficare, fr.<br />

-ficus -fic 1 :make : form into d<strong>and</strong>ify gaudify 2 :invest<br />

with the attributes <strong>of</strong> : make similar to citify<br />

-gaea or -gea n combining form - NL, fr. Gk gaia l<strong>and</strong>, earth<br />

: a specified geographical area Afrogaea Neogaea<br />

galact- or galacto- combining form galact- fr. MF or L MF<br />

galact-, fr. L, fr. Gk galakt-, fr. galakt-, gala galacto- fr. Gk<br />

galakto-, fr. galakt-, gala 1 :milk, milky fluid galactidrosis<br />

galactemia galactorrhea 2 ISV, fr. galactose : related to<br />

galactose galactopyranose 3 galactic : galaxy specif : the<br />

Milky Way galaxy galactocentric<br />

gall- or gallo- combining form gallic acid : gallic acid gallaldehyde<br />

gallo- combining form L Gallo- Gaulish, fr. Gallus Gaul, inhabitant<br />

<strong>of</strong> ancient Gaul 1 cap : Gaulish <strong>and</strong> Gallo-Roman 2<br />

cap : French <strong>and</strong> Gallo-Briton 3 <strong>of</strong>ten cap : France gallocentric<br />

galvano- combining form galvanic + -o- : galvanic current<br />

galvanometer : using or produced by galvanic current galvanocautery<br />

galvanoplastics<br />

gam- or gamo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, marriage, fr.<br />

gamos 1 :united : joined gamophyllous gamosepalous 2<br />

: sexual : sexuality gamic gamobium gamogenesis<br />

-gam n combining form - NL -gamia class <strong>of</strong> plants having a<br />

specified means <strong>of</strong> reproduction, fr. Gk -gamia -gamy<br />

: plant belonging to a group having a specified means <strong>of</strong><br />

reproduction cryptogam<br />

-gamae n pl combining form NL, fem. pl. <strong>of</strong> -gamus -gamous<br />

: plants having such sexual organs or such a means <strong>of</strong><br />

reproduction in taxonomic names in botany Agamae<br />

gamet- or gameto- combining form NL, fr. gameta : gamete<br />

gametal gametocide<br />

-gamic adj combining form ISV -gam- fr. NL -gamia as in<br />

Cryptogamia , fr. Gk -gamia -gamy + -ic 1 :having such<br />

reproductive organs cleistogamic dichogamic 2 :having<br />

such a mode <strong>of</strong> fertilization porogamic<br />

-gamous adj combining form Gk -gamos, fr. gamos marriage<br />

1:characterized by having or practicing such a marriage or<br />

such or so many marriages endogamous exogamous 2<br />

prob. fr. NL -gamus, prob. fr. LL, characterized by having<br />

such a marriage or such or so many marriages, fr. Gk<br />

-gamos : - 1<br />

-gamy n combining form - ME -gamie, fr. LL -gamia, fr. Gk<br />

1 a : marriage exogamy b :union for propagation or reproduction<br />

allogamy 2 NL -gamia as in Cryptogamia, fr. Gk<br />

-gamia -gamy marriage a :possession <strong>of</strong> such reproductive<br />

organs cleistogamy b :possession <strong>of</strong> such a mode <strong>of</strong><br />

fertilization porogamy<br />

gangli- or ganglio- combining form NL, fr. Gk ganglion : ganglion<br />

gangliectomy ganglioplexus<br />

gaster- or gastero- combining form NL, fr. Gk gastero- belly,<br />

fr. gaster-, gastr 1 :ventral area Gasteropoda gasterostome<br />

2 :stomach gasteralgia Gasterophilus<br />

-gaster n combining form - NL, fr. Gk gastr 1 :part having<br />

a specified relation to the stomach mesogaster metagaster<br />

2 :organism having a specified type <strong>of</strong> digestive<br />

tract esp. in generic names Microgaster myxogaster<br />

gastr- or gastro- also gastri- combining form Gk, belly, fr.<br />

gastr-, gastr 1 :ventral area gastropod 2 :stomach gas

---

-gastria 22<br />

-gnathous<br />

trectomy gastrology 3 :gastric <strong>and</strong> gastroduodenal gastrohepatic<br />

-gastria n combining form - NL, fr. gastr- + -ia : condition <strong>of</strong><br />

having such a stomach or such or so many stomachs<br />

microgastria polygastria<br />

-gate n combining form - Watergate, sc<strong>and</strong>al that arose in<br />

1972 fr. the suppressed investigation <strong>of</strong> a burglary at<br />

Democratic National Committee headquarters in the<br />

Watergate <strong>of</strong>fice complex in Washington, D.C. : usu. political<br />

sc<strong>and</strong>al <strong>of</strong>ten including concealment <strong>of</strong> wrongdoing<br />

Irangate Koreagate<br />

ge- or geo- combining form ME geo-, fr. MF L MF, fr. L, fr.<br />

Gk g-, ge-, ge-, fr. g earth, l<strong>and</strong> 1 :earth, ground, soil<br />

geobiology geogenic geophyte geotropic 2 : geographical<br />

: geography <strong>and</strong> geohistory geopolitics<br />

geisso- combining form NL, fr. Gk geisson, geison cornice<br />

: like a cornice Geissorhiza<br />

gen- or geno- combining form Gk genos race, descent, kin, sex,<br />

kind, fr. the stem <strong>of</strong> gignesthai to be born 1 :generating : <strong>of</strong>fspring<br />

genoblast 2 :race genocide 3 :sex 4 influenced<br />

in meaning by NL genus : genus : kind genotype 5 generate<br />

: a substance that produces or generates specif. in<br />

names <strong>of</strong> oxides <strong>of</strong> alkaloids in which the oxygen is attached<br />

to nitrogen genalkaloids genomorphine<br />

gen- or geno- combining form gene : gene genoid genocline<br />

-gen also -gene n combining form - F -gène, fr. Gk -gens born,<br />

fr. root <strong>of</strong> gignesthai to be born 1 :one that generates halogen<br />

melanogen <strong>and</strong>rogen 2 :one that is produced or<br />

generated exogen cultigen phosgene<br />

-genesia n combining form, pl -genesiae NL, fr. Gk, fr. genesis<br />

+ -ia -y : genesis : formation paragenesia<br />

-genetic adj combining form 1 :relating to generation or genesis<br />

spermatogenetic pangenetic 2 :generating : producing<br />

: yielding cytogenetic 3 :generated : produced : yielded<br />

psychogenetic<br />

-genic adj combining form ISV -gen -geny + -ic 1 :producing<br />

: forming carcinogenic acrogenic 2 :produced by<br />

: formed from nephrogenic 3 genic : <strong>of</strong> or relating to a<br />

gene intragenic : having a stipulated kind or number <strong>of</strong><br />

genes polygenic 4 photogenic : suitable for production or<br />

reproduction by a given medium telegenic<br />

-genin n combining form - ISV -gen + -in : compound formed<br />

from another compound in names <strong>of</strong> aglycons or similar<br />

compounds derived from the names <strong>of</strong> the parent compounds<br />

saligenin from salicin digitogenin from digitonin<br />

genio- combining form ISV, fr. Gk geneio-, fr. geneion chin,<br />

beard 1 :chin genioplasty 2 :chin <strong>and</strong> genioglossal<br />

-genous adj combining form -gen + -ous 1 :producing : yielding<br />

alkaligenous 2 :produced by : arising or originating in<br />

neurogenous endogenous<br />

geny- or genyo- combining form ISV, fr. Gk genys jaw, chin<br />

: lower jaw genyoplasty<br />

-geny n combining form - Gk -geneia act <strong>of</strong> being born, fr.<br />

-gens born + -ia -y more at - : generation : production<br />

: science <strong>of</strong> origin chrondrogeny morphogeny ontogeny<br />

germano- combining form, usu cap NL, fr. ML Germanus<br />

German, fr. L, any member <strong>of</strong> the Germanic peoples inhabiting<br />

western Europe in Roman times : German Germanophile<br />

: German <strong>and</strong> Germano-Russian<br />

germano- combining form ISV, fr. NL germanium : germanium<br />

esp. in names <strong>of</strong> compounds containing germanium in<br />

place <strong>of</strong> carbon germanochlor<strong>of</strong>orm GeHCl<br />

geront- or geronto- combining form F, géront-, géronto-, fr. Gk<br />

geront-, geronto-, fr. geront-, gern old man akin to Gk gras<br />

old age : old age gerontology<br />

-gerous adj combining form L -ger fr. gerere to bear, wage,<br />

cherish or F -gère fr. L -ger + E -ous : bearing, producing<br />

preceded by i crystalligerous dentigerous<br />

-geusia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk geusis sense <strong>of</strong> taste,<br />

taste fr. geuesthai to taste + -sis + NL -ia : a specified condition<br />

<strong>of</strong> the sense <strong>of</strong> taste parageusia<br />

giga- combining form ISV, fr. Gk gigas giant : billion gigacycle<br />

gigavolt<br />

gigant- or giganto- combining form Gk fr. gigant-, gigas : giant<br />

gigantism Gigantopithecus<br />

gingiv- or gingivo- combining form L gingiv-, fr. gingiva gum<br />

1:gum : gums gingivectomy gingivitis 2 :<strong>of</strong> the gums<br />

<strong>and</strong> gingivostomatitis : gingival <strong>and</strong> gingivolabial<br />

glacio- combining form ISV, fr. glacier 1 :glacier glaciology<br />

2:glacial <strong>and</strong> glaciomarine<br />

glauc- or glauco- combining form L glauc- gleaming, gray, fr.<br />

Gk glauk-, glauko-, fr. glaukos : glaucous glaucochroite<br />

glaucope<br />

gli- or glio- combining form NL, fr. MGk glia glue 1 :gliomatous<br />

glioblastoma gliomyoma 2 :neuroglial gliosome<br />

gliocyte gliosis 3 : embedded in a gelatinous matrix<br />

gliobacteria 4 :substance resembling glue gliode<br />

-glia n combining form - NL, fr. MGk glia glue : neuroglia<br />

made up <strong>of</strong> a specified kind or size <strong>of</strong> element macroglia<br />

microglia<br />

globo- combining form NL, fr. L globus ball 1 a : global<br />

: spherical globocell : globular globosphaerite <strong>of</strong>ten<br />

joined to second element with a hyphen globo-cumulus b<br />

: worldwide globo-historical 2 :globe : sphere glob<strong>of</strong>erous<br />

gloeo- or gloio- combining form NL, fr. Gk gloio-, fr. gloios<br />

glutinous substance, gum akin to L glut-, glus glue : sticky<br />

: glutinous Gloeocapsa Gloiopeltis<br />

glomerul- or glomerulo- combining form NL, fr. glomerulus<br />

: glomerulus <strong>of</strong> the kidney glomerular glomerulonephritis<br />

gloss- or glosso- combining form L, tongue, fr. Gk glss-,<br />

glsso-, fr. glssa 1 a : tongue glossalgia : glossal <strong>and</strong> glossohyal<br />

b :structure or organ like a tongue Glossophora 2<br />

: language glossology<br />

-glossa n combining form, pl -glossa NL, fr. Gk glssa : one or<br />

ones having such a tongue or part like a tongue in taxonomic<br />

names in biology Eriglossa Cheiroglossa<br />

-glossia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk -glssia, fr. glssa<br />

tongue + -ia -y explanation : condition <strong>of</strong> having such a<br />

tongue or so many tongues diglossia pachyglossia<br />

-glot adj combining form Gk -glttos, -glssos, fr. gltta, glssa<br />

language, tongue explanation : having knowledge <strong>of</strong> or<br />

using a specified number <strong>of</strong> languages monoglot tetraglot<br />

glott- or glotto- combining form Gk gltt-, gltto-, glss-, glssotongue,<br />

fr. gltta, glssa : language glottology<br />

gluc- or gluco- combining form ISV, fr. glucose 1 :glucose<br />

glucogenic : related to or containing glucose glucomannans<br />

2 :- 1 glucoproteins not now in frequent use<br />

gluteo- combining form NL gluteus : gluteal <strong>and</strong> glute<strong>of</strong>emoral<br />

glyc- or glyco- combining form ISV, fr. Gk glyk- sweet, fr.<br />

glykys 1 : sugar glycogenic : related to or containing a<br />

sugar glycemia glycoalkaloid glycitol : sweet glycogen<br />

2 a : glycerol glycogelatin b :glycogen glycostatic c :glycol<br />

glycostat d :glycine glycyl used also to indicate<br />

other compounds spelled with initial glyc- 3 :- 1<br />

glycer- or glycero- combining form ISV, fr. glycerin : glycerol<br />

glyceryl : related to glycerol or glyceric acid glycerophosphoric<br />

acid glyceraldehyde<br />

glypt- or glypto- combining form F, fr. Gk glypt-, fr. glyptos<br />

carved, fr. glyphein to carve 1 :engraving glyptology 2<br />

: carved Glyptodon<br />

gnath- or gnatho- combining form NL, fr. Gk gnath-, fr.<br />

gnathos akin to Gk genys jaw : jaw gnathitis gnathoplasty<br />

-gnatha n combining form, pl -gnatha NL, fem. sing. <strong>and</strong> neut.<br />

pl. <strong>of</strong> -gnathus -gnathous : one or ones having such a jaw <br />

in taxonomic names in zoology Agnatha Chaetognatha<br />

-gnathae n pl combining form NL, fem. pl. <strong>of</strong> -gnathus<br />

-gnathous : ones having such a jaw in taxonomic names<br />

in zoology Desmognathae<br />

-gnathous adj combining form NL -gnathus -gnathous, fr. Gk

---

-gnathus 23<br />

hebe-<br />

gnathos jaw akin to Gk genys jaw : having such a jaw<br />

oxygnathous<br />

-gnathus n combining form NL, fr. -gnathus -gnathous : one<br />

having such a jaw in generic names <strong>of</strong> animals<br />

Desmognathus<br />

-gnomy n combining form - LL -gnomia, fr. Gk -gnmia,<br />

alter. <strong>of</strong> -gnmonia, fr. gnmon-, gnmn interpreter, discerner<br />

+ -ia -y : science, art, or means <strong>of</strong> judging pathognomy<br />

-gnosia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk -gnsia, fr. gnsis<br />

knowledge : - pharmacognosia<br />

-gnosis n combining form, pl -gnoses L, fr. Gk gnsis knowledge<br />

: knowledge : cognition : recognition barognosis psychognosis<br />

-gnostic or -gnostical adj combining form -gnostic fr. ML -gnosticus<br />

knowing, fr. Gk gnstikos, adj. -gnostical fr. ML -gnosticus<br />

+ E -al : knowing : characterized by or relating to such<br />

knowledge geognostic geognostical<br />

-gnosy n combining form - NL -gnosia, fr. Gk -gnsia, fr.<br />

gnsis knowledge : - astrognosy<br />

-gon n combining form - NL -gonum, fr. Gk -gnon, fr. gnia<br />

angle akin to Gk gony knee : figure having so many angles<br />

nonagon<br />

goni- or gonio- combining form Gk gnia more at - 1<br />

: corner : angle goniometer 2 :gonion<br />

gonidi- or gonidio- combining form NL gonidium : gonidium<br />

gonidiogenous<br />

-gony n combining form - L -gonia, fr. Gk goneia, fr. gonos<br />

<strong>of</strong>fspring, procreation, seed + -eia -y : generation, reproduction,<br />

or manner <strong>of</strong> coming into being <strong>of</strong> a specified thing<br />

cosmogony sporogony theogony<br />

-grade adj combining form F, fr. L -gradus going fr. gradi to<br />

step, go : walking digitigrade plantigrade chiefly in<br />

zoological terms<br />

-gram n combining form - L -gramma, fr. Gk, fr. gramma letter,<br />

piece <strong>of</strong> writing : drawing : writing : record chronogram<br />

telegram thermogram spectrogram<br />

gramin- or gramini- combining form L gramin-, gramen : grass<br />

graminivorous graminiferous<br />

grani- combining form L, fr. granum : grain graniform<br />

: grain or seeds granivorous<br />

grano- combining form G, fr. granit granite, fr. It granito 1<br />

: granite or a granitic substance granoblastic granolith 2<br />

: granitic granogabbro<br />

granul- or granuli- or granulo- combining form LL granulum<br />

: granule granuliform granulometric : granulation granuloma<br />

-graph n combining form - MF -graphe, fr. L -graphum, fr. Gk<br />

-graphon, fr. neut. <strong>of</strong> -graphos written, writing fr. graphein to<br />

write 1 :something written cryptograph holograph 2<br />

: instrument for making or transmitting records chronograph<br />

phonograph telegraph<br />

-grapher n combining form - LL -graphus one that writes<br />

such material or in such a way fr. Gk -graphos, fr.<br />

-graphos written, writing + E -er : one that writes about<br />

specified material or in a specified way craniographer<br />

-graphia n combining form - L more at - 1 :writing<br />

on a specified topic : representation <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

object blastographia stomatographia 2 :writing characterized<br />

by a specified psychological abnormality dysgraphia<br />

pseudagraphia<br />

-graphic or -graphical adj combining form -graphic fr. LL<br />

-graphicus, fr. Gk -graphikos, fr. graphikos written -graphical<br />

fr. LL -graphicus + E -al 1 :written or transmitted in a specified<br />

way stenographic telegraphic 2 :<strong>of</strong> or relating to<br />

writing in a specified field or on a specified subject biographical<br />

hagiographic<br />

grapho- combining form F, fr. MF, fr. Gk, fr. graph writing,<br />

fr. graphein to write : writing graphology<br />

-graphy n combining form - L -graphia, fr. Gk, fr. graphein<br />

to write + -ia -y 1 :writing or representation in a specified<br />

manner or by a specified means or <strong>of</strong> a specified object<br />

calligraphy cartography photography stenography<br />

2:writing on a specified subject or in a specified field<br />

biography geography metallography<br />

gravi- combining form MF, fr. L, fr. gravis : heavy gravigrade<br />

graviportal<br />

gravit- or gravito- combining form ISV, fr. gravity : gravity<br />

gravitochemical<br />

greco- or graeco- combining form, usu cap L Graeco-, fr.<br />

Graecus Greek 1 : Greece or Greeks Grecophile<br />

Grecomania 2 :Greek <strong>and</strong> Greco-Latin Greco-Persian<br />

Graeco-Roman<br />

gymn- or gymno- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. gymnos<br />

: naked : bare : uncovered gymnanthous gymnobranchiate<br />

gyn- or gyno- combining form Gk gyn-, fr. gyn woman 1 a<br />

: woman : <strong>of</strong> or relating to a woman gyniatrics gynocracy<br />

b:female : female <strong>and</strong> gyn<strong>and</strong>rous : womanish 2 :female<br />

reproductive organ : ovary gynophore : pistil gynodioecious<br />

-gyn n combining form - NL -gynia : plant having so many<br />

pistils hexagyn<br />

gyne- combining form Gk gyn woman : - gynecytology<br />

-gyne n combining form - Gk gyn woman 1 : woman<br />

: female pseudogyne 2 :female reproductive organ trichogyne<br />

gynec- or gyneco- also gynaec- or gynaeco- combining form Gk<br />

gynaiko-, fr. gynaik-, gyn woman : - gynecocracy<br />

gynecology gynecoid<br />

gyneo- or gynaeo- combining form Gk gynaios <strong>of</strong> women, fr.<br />

gyn woman : - gyneocracy<br />

-gynia n pl combining form NL, fr. -gynus -gynous + -ia<br />

: plants having such or so many pistils in Linnaean botanical<br />

orders digynia -gynian adj or n combining form <br />

-gynious adj combining form<br />

-gynous adj combining form NL -gynus, fr. Gk -gynos, fr. gyn<br />

woman 1 : <strong>of</strong>, relating to, or having such or so many<br />

females polygynous or female characteristics <strong>and</strong>rogynous<br />

: female ergatogynous : woman 2 :<strong>of</strong>, relating to,<br />

or having such or so many female organs, esp. pistils in<br />

such a way or at such a time hexagynous protogynous<br />

-gyny n combining form - Gk gyn woman + E -y 1 :existence<br />

<strong>of</strong> or condition <strong>of</strong> having such or so many females<br />

monogyny 2 -gynous + -y : existence <strong>of</strong> or condition <strong>of</strong><br />

having such or so many female organs, esp. pistils in such<br />

a way or at such a time epigyny<br />

gyr- or gyro- combining form prob. fr. MF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

gyros 1 :ring : circle gyromancy : spiral Gyroceras 2<br />

: gyral gyroscope gyrencephalate 3 : gyroscope gyrocompass<br />

habro- combining form NL, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. habros : graceful<br />

in generic names in zoology Habronema<br />

hadr- or hadro- combining form NL, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. hadros<br />

thick, bulky akin to Gk hadn enough : thick hadrome<br />

: heavy Hadrosaurus<br />

hagi- or hagio- combining form LL, fr. Gk, fr. hagios 1 :holy<br />

hagiographa hagioscope 2 :saints hagiography<br />

hal- or halo- combining form F, fr. Gk, fr. hals salt 1 :<strong>of</strong> or<br />

relating to a salt halochromism 2 ISV, fr. halogen : halogen<br />

halide<br />

hali- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. hals salt, sea 1 : sea<br />

haliplankton 2 :salt : a salt halisteresis<br />

hamito- combining form, usu cap Hamitic : Hamitic <strong>and</strong><br />

Hamito-Bantu Hamito-Semitic usu. with hyphen<br />

hapl- or haplo- also apl- or aplo- combining form NL, fr. Gk<br />

hapl-, haplo-, fr. haploos, haplous, haplos, fr. ha- one akin to<br />

Gk homos same + -ploos, -plous, -plos multiplied by akin to<br />

L -plus multiplied by 1 :single : simple haploscope 2 haploid<br />

: <strong>of</strong> or relating to the haploid generation or condition<br />

hapt- or hapto- combining form ISV, fr. Gk haptein to fasten<br />

: contact : combination haptophore<br />

hastato- combining form NL, fr. hastatus : hastately : hastate<br />

<strong>and</strong> hastatolanceolate hastatosagittate<br />

hebe- combining form Gk hb youth, pubes : puberty

---

hecato- 24<br />

-hood<br />

hebephrenia : downy : hairy : pubescent hebeanthous<br />

hecato- or hecaton- combining form Gk hekato-, fr. hekaton<br />

hundred : consisting <strong>of</strong> a hundred : having a hundred<br />

hecatophyllous<br />

hect- or hecto- combining form F, irreg. fr. Gk hekaton : hundred<br />

hectare hectograph<br />

-hedral adj combining form NL -hedron + E -al : having a<br />

specified number <strong>of</strong> surfaces dihedral : having a specified<br />

kind <strong>of</strong> surface euhedral<br />

-hedron n combining form, pl -hedrons or -hedra NL, fr. Gk<br />

-edron, fr. hedra seat : geometrical figure or crystal having a<br />

specified form or number <strong>of</strong> surfaces holohedron trapezohedron<br />

hedy- combining form NL, fr. Gk hdy-, fr. hdys : pleasant<br />

hedyphane<br />

heli- or helio- combining form L, fr. Gk hli-, hlio-, fr. hlios<br />

: sun Heliornis : the sun heliocentric helioscope : sunlight<br />

: solar energy heliogravure : sun <strong>and</strong> heliolithic<br />

heli- combining form by shortening : helicopter heliport<br />

helimail<br />

helic- or helico- combining form Gk helik-, heliko-, fr. helik-,<br />

helix spiral : helix : spiral helicine helicograph<br />

helleno- combining form, usu cap Gk hellno-, fr. Helln<br />

Greek 1 : the Greeks Hellenocentric Hellenophile<br />

2:Greek <strong>and</strong> Helleno-Italic<br />

helminth- or helmintho- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

helminth-, helmis intestinal worm, parasitic worm akin to Gk<br />

eul worm, maggot, Toch A walyi worms, Gk eilein to wind,<br />

roll 1 :helminth helminthiasis helminthology 2 :shaped<br />

like a worm helminthosporium<br />

helo- combining form NL, fr. Gk helos : marsh : bog helobious<br />

helophyte<br />

helo- combining form NL, fr. Gk hlo-, fr. hlos perh. akin to<br />

L vallus stake, palisade : nail Heloderma Helotium<br />

hem- or hemo- or hemi- or haem- or haemo- combining form<br />

MF hemo-, fr. L haem-, haemo-, fr. Gk haim-, haimo-, fr.<br />

haima perh. akin to ON seimr honeycomb, OHG seim virgin<br />

honey, W hufen cream : blood hemarthrosis hemagglutination<br />

hemocyte the forms haem- or haemo- are preferred<br />

in taxonomic names Haemacanthus Haemogregarina<br />

hema- or haema- combining form NL, fr. Gk haima blood<br />

: - hemacytometer hemapoiesis haema- preferred<br />

in taxonomic names in biology Haemastoma<br />

hemat- or hemato- or haemat- or haemato- combining form L<br />

haemat-, haemato-, fr. Gk haimat-, haimato-, fr. haimat-,<br />

haima blood more at - : - hematoid hematocrit<br />

the forms haemat- or haemato- are preferred in taxonomic<br />

names Haematozoon Haematogaster<br />

hemi- prefix ME, fr. L, fr. Gk hmi- more at - 1 :half<br />

<strong>of</strong> esp : a lateral half <strong>of</strong> hemicentrum hemicerebrum<br />

hemicardia 2 :relating to or affecting a half as a lateral<br />

half <strong>of</strong> an organ or part or <strong>of</strong> the whole body hemiplegia<br />

hemiatrophy 3 chem a :half in respect to combining ratio<br />

hemibasic b :having one half <strong>of</strong> the molecular weight <strong>of</strong> a<br />

specified compound or class <strong>of</strong> compounds c :having one<br />

half the number <strong>of</strong> characteristic groups in a specified compound<br />

or class <strong>of</strong> compounds hemicyanine 4 crystallog<br />

: having one half the number <strong>of</strong> faces hemihedron<br />

hendeca- or hendec- combining form Gk hendeka-, hendek-, fr.<br />

hendeka, fr. hen neut. <strong>of</strong> heis one + deka ten : eleven hendecasyllable<br />

hendecane<br />

heno- combining form Gk, fr. hen-, heis : one henotheism<br />

hepat- or hepato- combining form ML, fr. L, fr. Gk hpat-,<br />

hpato-, fr. hpat-, hpar 1 :liver hepatectomy hepatology<br />

2 : liver <strong>and</strong> : hepatic <strong>and</strong> hepatocolic hepatosplenomegaly<br />

hepta- or hept- combining form Gk, fr. hepta 1 :seven heptagon<br />

2 chem : containing seven atoms, groups, or equivalents<br />

heptaacetate<br />

heredo- combining form NL, fr. L hered-, heres heir : hereditary<br />

: hereditarily heredoataxia hered<strong>of</strong>amilial<br />

hernio- combining form F, fr. L hernia : hernia herniorrhaphy<br />

herniotomy<br />

herpet- or herpeto- combining form partly fr. Gk herpeton animal<br />

that goes on all fours, snake, fr. neut. <strong>of</strong> herpetos creeping,<br />

fr. herpein to creep partly fr. L herpet-, herpes herpes<br />

also, a kind <strong>of</strong> animal, prob. a snake, fr. Gk herpt-, herps<br />

partly fr. Gk herpetos creeping 1 :reptile or reptiles herpet<strong>of</strong>auna<br />

herpetology 2 :herpes herpetiform 3 :creeping<br />

herpetomonas<br />

heter- or hetero- combining form MF or LL MF, fr. LL, fr. Gk,<br />

fr. heteros akin to Gk heis, hen one 1 :other than usual<br />

: other : different heterogeneous heterodox Heteranthera<br />

opposed to hom-, is-, orth- 2 :for, from, or to a<br />

different species heteroagglutinin 3 a : containing atoms <strong>of</strong><br />

different kinds heterocyclic b : isomeric with or closely<br />

related to a specified compound heteroxanthine<br />

hexa- or hex- combining form Gk, fr. hex six 1 :six hexatomic<br />

2 :containing six atoms, groups, or equivalents hexoxide<br />

hexaacetate<br />

hiberno- combining form, usu cap Hibernia 1 : Irish <strong>and</strong><br />

Hiberno-Celtic 2 :Irel<strong>and</strong> Hibernology<br />

hidr- or hidro- combining form NL, fr. Gk hidrs sweat : <strong>of</strong> or<br />

by means <strong>of</strong> perspiration : <strong>of</strong> the sweat gl<strong>and</strong>s hidradenitis<br />

hidrocystoma<br />

hier- or hiero- combining form LL, fr. Gk, fr. hieros powerful,<br />

supernatural, holy, sacred : sacred : holy hierarchy hieroglyph<br />

-hieric adj combining form Gk hieron osteon sacrum fr.<br />

hieron neut. <strong>of</strong> hieros powerful, sacred + osteon bone<br />

+ E -ic : having such a sacrum dolichohieric platyhieric<br />

hipp- or hippo- combining form L, fr. Gk, fr. hippos : horse<br />

hippogastronomy hippuric acid<br />

-hippus n combining form NL, fr. Gk hippos : horse in<br />

generic names esp. in paleontology Eohippus<br />

hispano- combining form, usu cap Sp hispano, fr. L Hispanus<br />

: Spanish <strong>and</strong> Hispano-German : Spanish hispanophile<br />

hist- or histo- combining form F, fr. Gk histos mast, beam <strong>of</strong> a<br />

loom, loom, web, fr. histanai to cause to st<strong>and</strong> : tissue histamine<br />

histophysiology<br />

histi- or histio- combining form Gk histion web, cloth, sail,<br />

dim. <strong>of</strong> histos mast, beam <strong>of</strong> a loom, loom, web more at<br />

- 1 :sail Histiopterus 2 :tissue histiocyte<br />

historico- combining form NL, fr. L historicus : historical : historical<br />

<strong>and</strong> historicophilosophical historicosocial<br />

historio- combining form MF, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. historia<br />

inquiry, information, narrative, history : history historiometric<br />

historiographer<br />

hol- or holo- combining form ME holo-, fr. OF, fr. L hol-, holo-,<br />

fr. Gk, fr. holos 1 a : complete : entire : total holograph<br />

holoparasite b : completely : totally : throughout holarthritic<br />

holobranchiate holoaxial holocrystalline c<br />

: without division : forming one piece holognathous<br />

holorhinal 2 a : similar : homogeneous holomorph b<br />

: similarly : homogeneously hologamous<br />

hom- or homo- combining form L, fr. Gk, fr. homos 1 :one<br />

<strong>and</strong> the same : similar : alike homogeneous homonym <br />

opposed to heter- 2 :from the same species : corresponding<br />

in type <strong>of</strong> structure homograft homolysin<br />

homal- or homalo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. homalos<br />

akin to Gk homos same 1 :flat : even homalosternal 2<br />

: equal homalographic<br />

home- or homeo- or homoe- or homoeo- also homoi- or homoiocombining<br />

form L Gk L homoeo-, fr. Gk homoi-, homoio-,<br />

fr. homoios, fr. homos same 1 :like : similar homeopathy<br />

homoeography homoiothermic 2 :containing homeotic<br />

genes or their products homeodomain<br />

homin- or homini- combining form L homin-, homo : man<br />

: human hominine hominiform hominisection<br />

-hood n suffix - ME -hod, -hode, fr. OE -hd akin to OFris <br />

OS -hd, suffix denoting state or condition, OHG -heit all fr.<br />

a prehistoric Gmc word represented by OE hd person, rank,<br />

state, condition, OHG heit person, rank, state, condition, ON

---

hoplo- 25<br />

-ical<br />

heithr honor, Goth haidus manner, way akin to OE hdor<br />

bright, clear, OHG heitar, ON heithr, <strong>and</strong> prob. to L caesius<br />

bluish gray, caelum sky, heaven, Skt citra variegated, bright,<br />

ketu brightness, light basic meaning: bright 1 :state : condition<br />

: quality : character boyhood girlhood hardihood<br />

unlikelihood 2 :an instance <strong>of</strong> a specified state, condition,<br />

quality, or character falsehood 3 :individuals sharing a<br />

specified state, condition, quality, or character brotherhood<br />

hoplo- combining form NL, fr. Gk hopl-, hoplo- tool, weapon,<br />

piece <strong>of</strong> armor, fr. hoplon : heavily armed : having powerful<br />

<strong>of</strong>fensive members used chiefly in zoological taxa Hoplonemertea<br />

humero- combining form ISV, fr. NL humerus : humeral <strong>and</strong><br />

humerodorsal<br />

hy- or hyo- combining form NL, fr. Gk hyo- upsilon , , fr.<br />

y, hy upsilon 1 :connecting with the hyoid arch hyoglossus<br />

2:hyoid <strong>and</strong> hyothyroid<br />

hyal- or hyalo- combining form LL, glass, fr. Gk, fr. hyalos<br />

transparent stone, glass 1 : glass : glassy hyalescent<br />

hyalocrystalline 2 :transparent or translucent substance<br />

hyalogen<br />

hydat- or hydato- combining form prob. fr. NL, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

hydat-, hydr : water Hydatina hydatogenesis<br />

hydr- or hydro- combining form alter. influenced by L hydr-,<br />

hydro- <strong>of</strong> ME ydr-, ydro-, fr. OF ydr- MF ydro-, fr. L hydr-,<br />

hydro-, fr. Gk, fr. hydr 1 a : water hydrogel hydroelectricity<br />

b :hydraulic hydropress 2 :water-loving organism<br />

chiefly in generic names Hydracarina Hydrodictyon 3<br />

a:hydrogen : containing hydrogen hydriodic acid hydroborate<br />

b now usu hydro- : combined with hydrogen esp. in<br />

names <strong>of</strong> organic compounds hydroquinidine c :combined<br />

with water by hydration hydracrylic acid or by hydrolysis<br />

hydrocellulose 4 : characterized by an accumulation <strong>of</strong><br />

fluid in a specified bodily part hydronephrosis 5 a : combined<br />

with water in names <strong>of</strong> minerals hydrohetaerolite<br />

b:characterized by addition <strong>of</strong> water or its constituents in<br />

names <strong>of</strong> varieties <strong>of</strong> minerals hydromica 6 NL, fr. Hydra<br />

genus <strong>of</strong> polyps : hydroid hydromedusa hydrorhiza<br />

hydroxy- or hydrox- combining form ISV, fr. hydroxyl, fr. E<br />

: hydroxyl : containing hydroxyl esp. in place <strong>of</strong> hydrogen <br />

in names <strong>of</strong> chemical compounds or radicals hydroxyalkyl<br />

hydroxamic acids<br />

hyet- or hyeto- combining form Gk, fr. hyetos akin to Gk hyei<br />

it is raining : rain hyetal hyetometer hyetography<br />

hygr- also hygro- combining form Gk, fr. hygros moist, wet 1<br />

: humidity : moisture : moist hygric hygrostat hygrophobia<br />

hygrophyte 2 :moisture <strong>and</strong> : <strong>of</strong> or relating to moisture<br />

<strong>and</strong> hygrothermal<br />

hyl- or hylo- combining form Gk, wood, matter, fr. hyl wood,<br />

forest, material, matter 1 :matter : material hylomorphism<br />

hylomorphous 2 : wood hylophagous : forest Hylocichla<br />

hyo- combining form L Gk L, fr. Gk, fr. hys swine : derived<br />

from or related to swine hyodeoxycholic<br />

hyper- prefix alter. influenced by L hyper- <strong>of</strong> ME iper-, fr. LL<br />

hyper-, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. hyper 1 : over : above : beyond<br />

: - hyperbarbarous hyperemphasis 2 :overmuch<br />

: excessively : - hypercritical hypersensitive 3 a<br />

: excessive in extent or quality hyperesthesia hyperemesis<br />

b:located above hyperapophysis 4 in ancient Greek music<br />

a : being the upper octave in a disdiapason hyperlydian<br />

b <strong>of</strong> an interval : measured upward hyperdiapason 5 :that<br />

is or exists in a space <strong>of</strong> more than three dimensions hypercube<br />

hyperspace 6 :bridging points within an entity as a<br />

database or network non-sequentially hyperlink hypertext<br />

hypho- combining form NL, fr. Gk hyph, hyphos web : web<br />

: tissue hyphodrome<br />

hypn- or hypno- combining form F hypn-, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

hypnos sleep 1 :sleep hypnagogic 2 :hypnotism hypnogenesis<br />

hypo- or hyp- prefix alter. influenced by LL hypo-, hyp- <strong>of</strong><br />

ME ypo-, fr. OF, fr. LL hypo-, hyp-, fr. Gk, fr. hypo 1 :under<br />

: beneath : down hypoblast hypodermic 2 :less than normal<br />

or normally hypocalcemia hypochromia hypochlorhydric<br />

hyposensitive 3 :in a lower state <strong>of</strong> oxidation : in<br />

a low usu. the lowest position in a series <strong>of</strong> compounds<br />

hypovanadous hypoxanthine 4 a in ancient Greek music<br />

1 : being the lower octave in a disdiapason hypolydian 2<br />

<strong>of</strong> an interval : measured downward hypodiapason b in<br />

medieval music : being in a plagal mode hypodorian<br />

hyps- or hypsi- or hypso- combining form in sense 1, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

hypsos in sense 2, fr. Gk, fr. hypsi Gk hypsos Gk hypsi<br />

akin to Gk hypo under 1 :height hypsography 2 :on high<br />

: al<strong>of</strong>t hypsicephalic hypsodont<br />

hyster- or hystero- combining form F or L F hystér-, fr. MF,<br />

fr. L hyster-, fr. Gk, fr. hystera womb 1 :womb hysterectomy<br />

hysteromyoma 2 NL, fr. hysteria a :hysteria hysterogenic<br />

b :hysteria <strong>and</strong> hysteroneurasthenia<br />

-ia n suffix NL, fr. L Gk, suffix forming feminine abstract<br />

nouns 1 - : pathological condition pneumonia hysteria<br />

diphtheria 2 : genus <strong>of</strong> plants or animals Wistaria<br />

Osmia<br />

-ia n pl suffix NL, fr. L neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -ius, adj. ending Gk,<br />

neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -ios, adj. ending 1 :taxonomic division as class,<br />

order <strong>of</strong> plants or animals Cryptogamia Mammalia 2<br />

: things belonging to or derived from or relating to something<br />

specified Maryl<strong>and</strong>ia tabloidia<br />

-ial adj suffix ME, fr. MF -iel, -ial, fr. L -ialis, fr. -i- + -alis -al<br />

: - manorial<br />

-iasis n suffix, pl -iases NL, fr. L, fr. Gk, suffix <strong>of</strong> action, fr.<br />

verbs in -ian, -iazein fr. nouns in -ia -y + -sis : morbid state<br />

or condition : disease having characteristics <strong>of</strong> something<br />

specified elephantiasis satyriasis : disease produced by<br />

something specified ancylostomiasis habronemiasis<br />

-iatric also -iatrical adj combining form -iatric fr. NL -iatria<br />

-iatry + E -ic -iatrical fr. -iatric + -al : <strong>of</strong> or relating to medical<br />

treatment : <strong>of</strong> or relating to healing hydriatric psychiatric<br />

-iatrist n combining form - -iatry + -ist : physician : healer<br />

psychiatrist podiatrist<br />

iatro- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. iatros physician 1<br />

: physician : medicine : healing iatrology iatrogenic 2<br />

: physician <strong>and</strong> iatrochemist : medicine or healing <strong>and</strong><br />

iatrophysics iatro-astrological<br />

-iatry n combining form - F -iatrie, fr. NL -iatria, fr. Gk<br />

iatreia art or action <strong>of</strong> healing, fr. iatros physician + -eia -y<br />

: medical treatment : healing podiatry gyniatry psychiatry<br />

ibero- combining form, usu cap L Iberus, Hiberus : Iberian<br />

: Iberian <strong>and</strong> Ibero-American<br />

-ic adj suffix ME -ik, -ic, fr. OF L OF -ique, fr. L -icus <br />

more at - 1 : having the character or form <strong>of</strong> : being<br />

panoramic rhombic Samoyedic : consisting <strong>of</strong> runic<br />

2 a : <strong>of</strong> or relating to aldermanic daturic Koranic b<br />

: related to, derived from, or containing alcoholic esp. in<br />

names <strong>of</strong> acids <strong>and</strong> related compounds boric cinammic<br />

oleic 3 :in the manner <strong>of</strong> : like that <strong>of</strong> : characteristic <strong>of</strong><br />

Byronic quixotic Puritanic 4 :associated or dealing<br />

with Vedic : utilizing electronic atomic 5 :characterized<br />

by : exhibiting nostalgic : affected with allergic<br />

paraplegic 6 :caused by amoebic 7 :tending to produce<br />

analgesic 8 :having the highest valence <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

element or a valence relatively higher than in compounds or<br />

ions named with an adjective ending in -ous ferric iron sulfuric<br />

acid compare - 2<br />

-ic n suffix - ME -ik, -ic, fr. OF L OF -ique, fr. L -icus, fr.<br />

-icus adj. suffix : one having the character or nature <strong>of</strong><br />

: one belonging to or associated with : one exhibiting or<br />

affected by glyconic : one that produces ecbolic<br />

-ical adj suffix ME, fr. LL -icalis as in clericalis clerical, grammaticalis<br />

grammatical, radicalis radical : - cosmical<br />

fantastical sometimes differing from -ic in that adjectives<br />

formed with -ical have a wider or more transferred semantic

---

-ice 26<br />

in-<br />

range than corresponding adjectives in -ic economical : economic<br />

prophetical : prophetic<br />

-ice n suffix - ME -ice, -ise, fr. OF, fr. L -itius masc., -itia<br />

fem., -itium neut., suffixes forming adjectives <strong>and</strong> nouns<br />

akin to Gk -sios, Skt -tya : act service : quality justice<br />

: condition cowardice<br />

ichn- or ichno- combining form Gk, fr. ichnos : footprint<br />

: track ichnology<br />

ichthy- or ichthyo- combining form L, fr. Gk, fr. ichthys : fish<br />

ichthyic ichthyology<br />

-ichthys n combining form NL, fr. Gk ichthys : fish in<br />

generic names chiefly in ichthyology Dinichthys<br />

Nemichthys<br />

-ician n suffix - ME -icien, -ician, fr. OF -icien, fr. L -ica as<br />

in rhetorica rhetoric + OF -ien -ian : a specialist or practitioner<br />

in a specified field beautician technician<br />

icon- or icono- also eikon- or eikono- or ikon- or ikono- combining<br />

form Gk eikon-, eikono-, fr. eikon-, eikn : image<br />

iconism iconomania iconometry<br />

icosa- also icosi- or icos- combining form Gk eikosa-, eikosi-,<br />

eikos-, fr. eikosi : twenty icosahedron<br />

-id n suffix - in sense 1, fr. L -ides, masc. patronymic suffix,<br />

fr. Gk -ids in sense 2, fr. It -ide, fr. L -id-, -is, fem.<br />

patronymic suffix, fr. Gk in sense 3, fr. F -ide, fr. L -id-, -is,<br />

fem. patronymic suffix 1 a : one belonging to a specified<br />

natural group or line <strong>of</strong> descent Melanesid Australid b<br />

: one belonging to a specified dynastic line Fatimid 2 a<br />

: meteor associated with or radiating from a specified constellation<br />

or comet Perseid b :variable star <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

source or type Cepheid 3 also -ide : skin rash caused by<br />

something specified bacterid syphilid<br />

-id adj suffix : <strong>of</strong>, relating to, or characteristic <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

natural group or line <strong>of</strong> descent pre-Mongolid artifacts<br />

-id n suffix - prob. fr. L -id-, -is, formative element <strong>of</strong> some<br />

nouns, fr. Gk 1 :structural element <strong>of</strong> a lower molar or<br />

premolar protoconid 2 :structure, body, or particle <strong>of</strong> a<br />

specified kind chromatid<br />

-ida n pl suffix NL neut. pl. in form, fr. L- ides, patronymic<br />

suffix : animals that are or have the form <strong>of</strong> in names <strong>of</strong><br />

higher taxa as orders <strong>and</strong> classes Scorpionida Acarida<br />

Beroida -idan n or adj suffix<br />

-idae n pl suffix NL, fr. L pl. <strong>of</strong> -ides, masc. patronymic suffix,<br />

fr. Gk -idai, pl. <strong>of</strong> -ids, masc. patronymic suffix : members<br />

<strong>of</strong> the family <strong>of</strong> in patronymic group names<br />

Alcmaeonidae Homeridae Seleucidae in names <strong>of</strong><br />

families <strong>of</strong> animals substituted for the last syllable <strong>of</strong> the genitive<br />

case <strong>of</strong> the name <strong>of</strong> the type genus Aphididae from<br />

Aphis Equidae from Equus<br />

-ide also -id n suffix - G F G -id, fr. F -ide as in oxide 1<br />

: binary chemical compound or compound regarded as binary<br />

added to contracted name <strong>of</strong> the nonmetallic or more<br />

electronegative element iron oxide hydrogen sulfide or<br />

radical amide ethoxide 2 a : chemical compound derived<br />

from or related to another usu. specified compound anhydride<br />

glycolide phthalide b :acetal derivative <strong>of</strong> a sugar<br />

in names <strong>of</strong> glycosides replacing final -e <strong>of</strong> the name <strong>of</strong> the<br />

sugar arabinoside cerebroside compare - 3 :one<br />

<strong>of</strong> a class <strong>of</strong> organic esp. naturally occurring compounds<br />

phosphatide peptide saccharide 4 :chemical elements<br />

<strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> metallic elements <strong>of</strong> increasing atomic numbers<br />

actinide lanthanide<br />

-idea n pl suffix NL neut. pl. in form, fr. Gk -ideus, n. suffix<br />

with quasi-patronymic value : animals that are or have the<br />

form <strong>of</strong> in names <strong>of</strong> higher taxa Caridea Phoronidea<br />

ideo- combining form F idéo-, fr. Gk idea : idea ideocrat<br />

ideogenetic ideology<br />

-idin or -idine n suffix - ISV -ide + -in, -ine : chemical compound<br />

related in origin or structure to another compound: as<br />

a usu -idin : aglycon <strong>of</strong> a glycoside pelargonidin from<br />

pelargonin b usu -idine : completely hydrogenated form <strong>of</strong><br />

a cyclic base pyrrolidine from pyrrole thiazolidine from<br />

thiazole c usu -idine : base obtained otherwise than by<br />

hydrogenation toluidine or tolidine from toluene guanidine<br />

from guanine<br />

idio- combining form Gk, fr. idios 1 :ones own : personal<br />

: separate : distinct idiotype idiosyncrasy 2 :self-produced<br />

: arising within idiolysin idioreflex idiopathic<br />

idioventricular rhythm<br />

-idium also -idion n suffix, pl -idiums or -idia also idions NL,<br />

fr. Gk -idion, dim. suffix : small one : lesser one antheridium<br />

chromidium<br />

idolo- also eidolo- combining form LL Gk LL idolo-, fr. Gk<br />

eidlo-, fr. eidlon : idol : image idolocracy idolomania<br />

idoloclastic<br />

-idrosis n combining form, pl -idroses NL, fr. Gk -idrsis, fr.<br />

hidrsis act <strong>of</strong> sweating, fr. hidroun to sweat fr. hidrs sweat<br />

+ -sis : a specified form <strong>of</strong> sweating chromidrosis bromidrosis<br />

hyperidrosis<br />

-ie also -y or -ey n suffix, pl -ies or -eys ME Sc -ie 1 a : little<br />

one : dear little one birdie bootie Jeanie b in names<br />

<strong>of</strong> articles <strong>of</strong> feminine apparel nightie pantie 2 : one<br />

belonging to : one having to do with bookie deckie<br />

hackie townie 3 :one <strong>of</strong> such a kind or quality biggie<br />

cutie smartie toughie darkey<br />

-ier n suffix - MF, fr. L -arius, adj. suffix : person belonging<br />

to, connected with, or engaged in cashier gondolier<br />

-iferous adj combining form ME, fr. L -ifer fr. -i- + -fer MF<br />

-ifere fr. L -ifer + ME -ous more at - : -<br />

-iform adj combining form MF L MF -iforme, fr. L -iformis,<br />

fr. -i- + -formis -form : -<br />

-iformes n pl combining form NL, fr. L, masc. fem. pl. <strong>of</strong><br />

-iformis -iform : ones having such a form in taxonomic<br />

names <strong>of</strong> animals Anseriformes<br />

-ify vb suffix --- ME -ifien, fr. OF -ifier, fr. L -ificare,<br />

fr. -i- + -ficare -fy : -<br />

-igerous adj combining form L -iger fr. -i- + -ger -gerous + E<br />

-ous : -<br />

igni- combining form L, fr. ignis : fire : burning igniferous<br />

ignipuncture<br />

-il also -ile n suffix - G -il F -ile, prob. fr. F -ile L -ilis -ile,<br />

adj. suffix : substance related to something specified benzil<br />

ile- also ileo- combining form NL ileum 1 :ileum ileostomy<br />

2:ileal <strong>and</strong> ileocecal<br />

-ile adj suffix ME, fr. MF, fr. L -ilis : <strong>of</strong>, relating to, suited<br />

for, or capable <strong>of</strong> contractile expansile<br />

-ile n suffix - prob. fr. -ile as in quartile, n. quartile aspect<br />

<strong>and</strong> sextile, n. : segment <strong>of</strong> a specified size in a frequency<br />

distribution centile decile<br />

ilio- combining form NL ilium : iliac <strong>and</strong> iliocostal<br />

iliopelvic<br />

-illa n suffix, pl -illae or -illas NL, alter. <strong>of</strong> L -ella : -<br />

Spongilla<br />

immuno- combining form ISV, fr. immune 1 :physiological<br />

immunity immunology 2 : immunologic immunochemistry<br />

: immunologically immunocompatible : immunology<br />

<strong>and</strong> immunogenetics<br />

in- or il- or im- or ir- prefix ME, fr. MF, OF, L ME in- fr.<br />

OF, fr. L ME il- fr. MF, fr. L, fr. in- ME im- fr. OF, fr. L, fr.<br />

in- ME ir- fr. OF, fr. L, fr. in- akin to OE un- more at -<br />

: not : -, - usu. il- before l illogical <strong>and</strong> im- before<br />

b, m, or p imbalance immoral improvident <strong>and</strong> irbefore<br />

r irreducible <strong>and</strong> in- before other sounds inactive<br />

inapt inconclusive<br />

in- or il- or im- or ir- prefix ME, fr. OF, MF, L ME in- fr.<br />

OF in-, en-, fr. L in-, fr. in in, into ME il- fr. MF, fr. L, fr. in<br />

ME im- fr. MF im-, em-, fr. L im-, fr. in ME ir- fr. L, fr. in<br />

1:in : within : inward : into : toward : on implode irradicate<br />

2 :- illucidate imbarn immarble impanel<br />

imperil inspirit in both senses usu. il- before l, imbefore<br />

b, m, or p, ir- before r, <strong>and</strong> in- before other sounds<br />

in- or ino- combining form NL in-, fr. Gk, tendon, fr. in-, is<br />

prob. akin to L vire to plait : fiber : fibrous tissue initis<br />

inogen

---

-in 27<br />

inter-<br />

-in n suffix - F -ine, fr. L -ina with long , fem. <strong>of</strong> -inus with<br />

long <strong>of</strong> or belonging to more at - 1 a : neutral chemical<br />

compound or compound not distinctly basic or acidic<br />

picrotoxin hematoporphyrin esp. in names <strong>of</strong> glycerides<br />

acetin stearin, glycosides amygdalin<br />

quercitrin, proteins gelatin insulin, <strong>and</strong> 6-membered<br />

heterocyclic compounds dioxin usu. distinguished from<br />

-ine b :enzyme emulsi7n myrosin compare - c<br />

: antibiotic penicillin streptomycin 2 :- 2a, 2b not<br />

used systematically 3 : pharmaceutical product niacin<br />

aspirin<br />

-in n combining form - in as in sit-in 1 :organized public<br />

protest by means <strong>of</strong> or in favor <strong>of</strong> : demonstration teach-in<br />

love-in 2 :public group activity swim-in<br />

-ina n suffix, pl -ina NL, fr. L, fem. sing. <strong>and</strong> neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -inus<br />

with long -ine : one or ones related to, resembling, or<br />

characterized by in taxonomic names in biology Acarina<br />

Clathrina Fistulina<br />

-ina also -ine n suffix - prob. fr. It -ina dim. suffix, fr. L -ina<br />

with long , fem. <strong>of</strong> -inus with long -ine 1 :musical<br />

instrument concertina seraphine 2 :musical device aeoline<br />

-inae n pl suffix NL, fr. L, fem. pl. <strong>of</strong> -inus -ine : members <strong>of</strong><br />

the subfamily <strong>of</strong> in recent classifications substituted for<br />

the last syllable <strong>of</strong> the genitive case <strong>of</strong> the name <strong>of</strong> the type<br />

genus in all names <strong>of</strong> zoological subfamilies Felinae<br />

Meliponinae<br />

incud- or incudo- combining form NL incud-, incus : incus<br />

: incus <strong>and</strong> incudectomy incudomalleal<br />

ind- or indo- combining form, usu cap Gk, India, <strong>of</strong> or connected<br />

with India, fr. indos <strong>of</strong> or connected with India, fr.<br />

Indos India subcontinent in southern Asia, Indus river in<br />

the northwestern part <strong>of</strong> the Indian subcontinent 1 :India<br />

or the East Indies Indophile : <strong>of</strong> or connected with India or<br />

the East Indies indaconitine Indo-Briton Indo-African<br />

2:<strong>of</strong> or connected with the Indus river Indo-Gangetic 3<br />

: Indo-European Indo-Hittite<br />

ind- or indi- or indo- combining form ISV, fr. L indicum 1<br />

: indigo indole indirubin indophenin 2 :resembling<br />

indigo as in color indamine indophenol<br />

-ine adj suffix ME -ine, -in, fr. MF -in L -inus with long ,<br />

-inus with short ĭ MF -in partly fr. L -inus with long <strong>of</strong><br />

or belonging to MF -in partly fr. L -inus with short ĭ made<br />

<strong>of</strong>, <strong>of</strong> or belonging to, fr. Gk -inos more at - 1 :<strong>of</strong>,<br />

belonging to, or relating to estuarine 2 :made <strong>of</strong> : like<br />

opaline<br />

-ine n suffix - ME -ine, -in, fr. MF L MF -ine, fr. L -ina<br />

with long , fem. <strong>of</strong> -inus with long <strong>of</strong> or belonging to 1<br />

: - 4 hatchettine 2 :chemical substance: as a :chemical<br />

element in names <strong>of</strong> the halogens astatine chlorine<br />

b 1 : basic carbon compound in names <strong>of</strong> alkaloids quinine<br />

or other organic nitrogenous bases aniline guanidine<br />

including six-membered ring compounds pyridine<br />

<strong>and</strong> intermediate hydrogenated forms <strong>of</strong> cyclic compounds<br />

pyrroline thiazoline usu. distinguished from -in 2 : carbon<br />

compound containing a basic group in names <strong>of</strong><br />

amino acids glycine cystine c :mixture <strong>of</strong> chemical compounds<br />

esp. in commercial names as <strong>of</strong> mixtures <strong>of</strong> hydrocarbons<br />

gasoline kerosine d :- e :hydride arsine<br />

3:- 1a not used systematically 4 :commercial product<br />

or material glassine<br />

-ine n suffix - ME -ina, -ine, -in in feminine given names, fr.<br />

OE -ina in feminine given names, fr. L -ina with long , in<br />

feminine names such as Agrippina, fr. fem. <strong>of</strong> -inus with long<br />

<strong>of</strong> or belonging to : female person chorine dudine<br />

-ineae n pl suffix NL, fr. L, fem. pl. <strong>of</strong> -ineus as in gramineus<br />

gramineous : plants including those <strong>of</strong> such a genus<br />

Abietineae : plants characterized by such a feature<br />

Dinocapsineae in names <strong>of</strong> botanical suborders<br />

infero- combining form L inferus low, situated beneath 1 :on<br />

the underside inferobranchiate 2 : below <strong>and</strong> inferolateral<br />

infra- prefix L infra below, underneath 1 a : below : lower in<br />

status than esp. in adjectives formed from adjectives<br />

infrahuman b :after : later than infralapsarian 2 :within<br />

esp. in adjectives formed from adjectives infraterritorial<br />

3 :below in a scale or series esp. in adjectives formed<br />

from adjectives infrared 4 :below or beneath a designated<br />

part <strong>of</strong> the anatomy esp. in adjectives formed from<br />

adjectives infracostal<br />

-ing vb suffix or adj suffix ME -inge, -ing, alter. influenced by<br />

-inge -ing <strong>of</strong> -inde, -ende, fr. OE -ende, fr. -e- vowel historically<br />

belonging to the verb stem + -nde, pres. part. suffix <br />

more at - used to form the present participle going<br />

sailing <strong>and</strong> sometimes to form an adjective resembling a<br />

present participle but not derived from a verb hulking<br />

swashbuckling regularly accompanied by omission <strong>of</strong> final<br />

postconsonantal e <strong>of</strong> the base word hoping loving, change<br />

<strong>of</strong> final ie <strong>of</strong> the base word to y tying, or doubling <strong>of</strong> the<br />

final consonant <strong>of</strong> the base word immediately after a short<br />

stressed vowel hopping planning<br />

-ing n suffix - ME, fr. OE -ing, -ung one <strong>of</strong> a specified kind,<br />

one belonging to, one descended from akin to OHG -ing one<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified kind, one belonging to, one descended from,<br />

ON -ingr, -ungr, Goth -ings one <strong>of</strong> a specified kind : one <strong>of</strong><br />

a specified kind sweeting wilding<br />

-ing n suffix - ME -inge, -ing in early ME a suffix forming<br />

nouns from verbs, in later ME becoming also a gerundial suffix,<br />

fr. OE -ung, -ing, suffix forming nouns from verbs akin<br />

to OHG -unga, -ung, suffix forming nouns from verbs, ON<br />

-ing, suffix forming nouns from verbs, -ung, suffix forming<br />

nouns from nouns 1 :action or process becoming drawing<br />

running sleeping washing : instance <strong>of</strong> an action or<br />

process a blessing a meeting my comings <strong>and</strong> goings <br />

in nouns formed from any fully inflected verb <strong>and</strong> functioning<br />

either as gerunds capable <strong>of</strong> being modified by an adverb<br />

<strong>and</strong> capable <strong>of</strong> having an object if the base verb is transitive<br />

after casually reading the letter twice or as ordinary nouns<br />

after two casual readings <strong>of</strong> the letter 2 :something connected<br />

with an action or process: a :product, accompaniment,<br />

or result <strong>of</strong> an action or process an engraving a<br />

painting in nouns formed from verbs <strong>of</strong>ten in plural<br />

earnings leavings shavings b :something used in an<br />

action or process a bed covering the lining <strong>of</strong> a coat in<br />

nouns, esp. collectives carpeting housing rigging shipping,<br />

formed from verbs 3 :action or process connected<br />

with a specified thing blackberrying capitaling in<br />

nouns formed from nouns 4 : something connected with,<br />

consisting <strong>of</strong>, or used in making a specified thing sacking<br />

scaffolding shirting in nouns, esp. collectives, formed<br />

from nouns 5 :something related to a specified concept<br />

<strong>of</strong>fing in nouns formed from parts <strong>of</strong> speech other than<br />

verbs <strong>and</strong> nouns regularly accompanied by omission <strong>of</strong> final<br />

postconsonantal e <strong>of</strong> the base word, change <strong>of</strong> final ie <strong>of</strong> the<br />

base word to y, or doubling <strong>of</strong> the final consonant <strong>of</strong> the base<br />

word immediately after a short stressed vowel<br />

-ini n pl suffix NL, fr. L, masc. pl. <strong>of</strong> -inus -ine : animals that<br />

are or have the form <strong>of</strong> in names <strong>of</strong> higher taxa esp. <strong>of</strong><br />

tribes <strong>and</strong> orders Anacanthini<br />

insecti- combining form L insectum : insect insectiferous<br />

insectifuge<br />

integri- combining form L, fr. integr-, integer : whole : entire<br />

integrifolious integripalliate<br />

inter- prefix ME inter-, entre-, enter- ME inter-, fr. MF L<br />

MF, fr. L, fr. inter ME entre-, fr. OF, fr. L inter- ME enter-,<br />

fr. MF L MF entre-, fr. OF, fr. L inter- akin to OHG untar<br />

between, among, ON ithrar, pl., intestines, OIr etar, eter<br />

between, among, Gk enteron intestine, Skt antar between,<br />

within, in, <strong>and</strong> OE in 1 : between, among, in the midst<br />

intermediate interpolar interspace 2 :mutual, reciprocal<br />

intermarry intermesh interrelation intertwine 3<br />

: between or among the parts <strong>of</strong> intercostal interdental 4<br />

: carried on between intercollegiate intercommunication<br />

international 5 :occurring between : intervening inter-

---

intermedio- 28<br />

-itis<br />

glacial intertidal 6 :shared by or derived from two or<br />

more interdepartmental interfaith 7 :between the limits<br />

<strong>of</strong> : within intertropical<br />

intermedio- combining form L intermedius : intermediate <strong>and</strong><br />

intermediolateral<br />

intra- prefix LL, fr. L intra within, fr. assumed OL interus<br />

inward, on the inside 1 a : within esp. in adjectives formed<br />

from adjectives intracosmical intraglacial intracellular<br />

intra-European b :during esp. in adjectives formed<br />

from adjectives intranatal intrafebrile intrapyretic<br />

intravital c :between layers <strong>of</strong> esp. in adjectives formed<br />

from adjectives intracutaneous d :underneath esp. in<br />

adjectives formed from adjectives intradural 2 :- an<br />

intramuscular injection intravenation intracerebral 3<br />

: internal intraselection<br />

intro- prefix ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. intro, adv., inwardly, to the<br />

inside, fr. assumed OL interus inward, on the inside 1 :in<br />

: into introjection 2 : inward : within introactive<br />

intr<strong>of</strong>lex introreception opposed to extroiod-<br />

or iodo- combining form F iode iodine : iodine iodhydrate<br />

iod<strong>of</strong>orm<br />

-ion n suffix - ME -ioun, -ion, -iun, fr. OF -ion, -iun, fr. L -ion-,<br />

-io 1 a : act or process acidulation rebellion b :result <strong>of</strong><br />

an act or process construction 2 a : state or condition subjection<br />

b :thing acted upon or conditioned ambition<br />

ionto- combining form NL, fr. Gk iont-, in, pres. part. <strong>of</strong> ienai<br />

to go : ion iontoquantimeter iontotherapy<br />

-ious adj suffix ME, partly fr. OF -ious, -ios, -ieus, -ieux, fr. L<br />

-iosus, fr. -i- penultimate vowel in nouns such as religio religion,<br />

malitia malice, species species, appearance, spatium<br />

space + -osus -ose, <strong>and</strong> partly fr. L -ius final portion <strong>of</strong> the<br />

nom. sing. masc. form <strong>of</strong> adjectives such as meritorius that<br />

brings in money : - edacious<br />

irano- combining form, usu cap Iran : Iranian <strong>and</strong><br />

Irano-British<br />

irid- or irido- combining form L irid-, iris 1 :rainbow iridal<br />

iridescent 2 NL irid-, iris : iris <strong>of</strong> the eye iridectomy<br />

iridoparalysis : iris <strong>and</strong> iridocyclitis 3 iridescent : iridescent<br />

iridize iridocyte 4 NL Irid-, Iris : the genus Iris<br />

iridin 5 NL iridium : iridium : iridium <strong>and</strong> iridosmine<br />

is- or iso- combining form LL, fr. Gk, fr. isos equal 1 :equal<br />

: homogeneous : uniform isenergic isacoustic isocephaly<br />

isotype 2 usu iso- : for or from different individuals<br />

<strong>of</strong> the same species isoantigen isoantibody<br />

ischi- or ischio- combining form L ischi-, fr. Gk, fr. ischion hip<br />

joint 1 :ischium ischialgia ischiopodite 2 :ischial <strong>and</strong><br />

ischiocaudal 3 :resembling a hip joint ischiocerite<br />

-ise vb suffix : - see spelling note 2.10 on page 24a <strong>of</strong><br />

Websters Third New International Dictionary<br />

-ish adj suffix ME, fr. OE -isc akin to OHG -isc, -isk -ish, ON<br />

-skr, Goth -isks -ish, Gk -iskos, dim. n. suffix 1 :<strong>of</strong> or belonging<br />

to chiefly in adjectives indicating nationality or ethnic<br />

group Finnish Gaulish Turkish 2 a : characteristic or<br />

typical <strong>of</strong> boyish Londonish : having the undersirable<br />

qualities <strong>of</strong> amateurish mulish b :inclined or liable to<br />

bookish qualmish mopish c 1 : having a touch or<br />

trace <strong>of</strong> summerish : somewhat purplish latish 2<br />

: having the approximate age <strong>of</strong> fortyish 3 : being or<br />

occurring at the approximate time <strong>of</strong> esp. in words formed<br />

from numerals indicating an hour <strong>of</strong> the day or night<br />

fiveish eightish<br />

-ism n suffix - ME -isme, fr. MF L MF -isme, partly fr. L<br />

-isma fr. Gk, partly fr. L -ismus, fr. Gk -ismos 1 a : act,<br />

practice, or process esp. in nouns corresponding to verbs<br />

in -ize criticism hypnotism plagiarism b :manner <strong>of</strong><br />

action or behavior characteristic <strong>of</strong> a specified person or<br />

thing animalism Micawberism 2 a : state, condition, or<br />

property barbarianism polymorphism b :abnormal state<br />

or condition resulting from excess <strong>of</strong> a specified thing alcoholism<br />

morphinism c :abnormal state or condition characterized<br />

by resemblance to a specified person or thing<br />

mongolism 3 a : doctrine, theory, or cult Buddhism<br />

Calvinism Platonism salvationism vegetarianism b<br />

: adherence to a system or a class <strong>of</strong> principles neutralism<br />

realism socialism stoicism 4 :characteristic or peculiar<br />

feature or trait colloquialism Latinism poeticism<br />

-ist n suffix, pl -ists ME -iste, fr. OF L OF -iste, fr. L -ista,<br />

fr. Gk -ists, fr. -is- fr. verb stems in -izein -ize + -ts suffix<br />

forming agent nouns 1 a : one that does : one that performs<br />

a specified action cyclist balloonist duellist : one that<br />

makes or produces novelist syllogist b :one that plays a<br />

specified musical instrument organist violinist c :one<br />

that operates a specified mechanical instrument or contrivance<br />

telegraphist 2 a : one that practices or studies or<br />

specializes in a specified art or science or particular field <strong>of</strong><br />

knowledge or particular skill geologist mythologist algebraist<br />

ventriloquist b 1 : one that is usu. pr<strong>of</strong>essionally<br />

occupied with or interested in fashionist colorist 2<br />

: one that toys with or dabbles in controvertist speculatist<br />

3:one that pr<strong>of</strong>esses or adheres to or advocates a specified<br />

doctrine or theory or system or policy or code <strong>of</strong> behavior or<br />

procedure deist socialist royalist hedonist purist or<br />

that supports the doctrine or theory or system or policy or<br />

code <strong>of</strong> behavior or procedure <strong>of</strong> a specified individual<br />

Calvinist Darwinist Hitlerist esp. in nouns corresponding<br />

to nouns in -ism 4 :one that is marked by pessimist<br />

fatalist esp. in nouns corresponding to nouns in<br />

-ism<br />

-ist adj suffix : <strong>of</strong>, relating to, or characteristic <strong>of</strong> something<br />

indicated dilettantist<br />

-istic also -istical adj suffix -istic fr. MF L Gk MF<br />

-istique, fr. L -isticus, fr. Gk -istikos, fr. -ists -ist + -ikos -ic<br />

-istical fr. MF -istique L -isticus Gk -istikos + E -al : <strong>of</strong>,<br />

relating to, or characteristic <strong>of</strong> panoistic <strong>of</strong>ten in adjectives<br />

corresponding to nouns in -ism or nouns in -ist altruistic<br />

ital- or italo- combining form, usu cap Ital- fr. L Italus Ital<strong>of</strong>r.<br />

It or L It, fr. italo, fr. L Italus : Italian : Italian <strong>and</strong><br />

Italo-Austrian<br />

-ite n suffix - ME, fr. OF L OF, fr. L -ita, -ites, fr. Gk -its<br />

n. adj. suffix 1 a : native : inhabitant : resident<br />

Gothamite Brooklynite New Hampshirite : occupant<br />

: dweller flatite trailerite b : descendant : <strong>of</strong>fspring<br />

Adamite c 1 : adherent : follower : supporter Jacobite<br />

: advocate Darwinite : devotee Browningite 2 : member<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified group or organization or movement<br />

Campbellite 2 a 1 : substance produced through some<br />

specified process anabolite catabolite 2 : commercially<br />

manufactured product ebonite lyddite vulcanite b<br />

: - esp. in commercial names dulcite 3 NL -ites, fr.<br />

L : fossil corallite filicite 4 :mineral erythrite : rock<br />

chromitite 5 F, fr. L -ita, -ites : segment or constituent<br />

part <strong>of</strong> a body or <strong>of</strong> a bodily part somite dendrite<br />

-ite n suffix - F, alter. <strong>of</strong> -ate fr. NL -atum more at -<br />

: salt or ester <strong>of</strong> an acid with a name ending in -ous nitrite<br />

sulfite<br />

-ites n suffix, pl -ites NL more at -ite : organism or fossil<br />

like a specified group or from an indicated place chiefly<br />

in generic names usu. <strong>of</strong> fossils Agavites Malayites<br />

-itic adj suffix F -itique, fr. MF, fr. L iticus, fr. Gk -itikos, fr.<br />

-itis n. adj. suffix + -ikos -ic : <strong>of</strong>, resembling, or marked<br />

by in adjectives formed from nouns usu. ending in -ite<br />

dendritic <strong>and</strong> -itis bronchitic <strong>and</strong> sometimes from other<br />

nouns dactylitic<br />

-itious adj suffix L -icius, -itius, adjective suffix added to the<br />

base <strong>of</strong> a noun or past participle : <strong>of</strong>, relating to, or having<br />

the characteristics or properties <strong>of</strong> something specified<br />

cementitious<br />

-itis n suffix, pl -itises also -itides sometimes -ites NL, fr. L <br />

Gk L, fr. Gk, n. adj. suffix 1 :disease usu. inflammatory<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified part or organ : inflammation <strong>of</strong> laryngitis<br />

bronchitis appendicitis neuritis 2 pl usu -itises a 1<br />

: malady arising from something specified too-much-moneyitis<br />

vacationitis 2 : affliction with something speci

---

-itol 29<br />

-later<br />

fied : forced endurance or suffering <strong>of</strong> televisionitis <br />

chiefly in nonce formations b 1 : tendency esp. when excessive<br />

to or toward something specified : marked proneness to<br />

accidentitis 2 : marked fondness for or obsession with<br />

something specified : weakness for : infatuation with adjectivitis<br />

jazzitis 3 : excessive concern for or promotion or<br />

advocacy <strong>of</strong> or reliance on something specified educationitis<br />

chiefly in nonce formations c :quality or state <strong>of</strong><br />

being marked to an <strong>of</strong>ten excessive degree by certain typical<br />

characteristics <strong>of</strong> something specified big-businessitis <br />

chiefly in nonce formations<br />

-itol n suffix - ISV -it- fr. -ite + -ol : polyhydroxy alcohol<br />

usu. related to a sugar mannitol inositol<br />

-ity n suffix - ME -ite, fr. OF or L OF -ité, fr. L -itat-, -itas,<br />

fr. -i- thematic or, rarely, connective vowel + -tat-, -tas -ty<br />

: quality : state : degree asininity theatricality<br />

-ium n suffix 1 - NL, perh. after such words as L medium a<br />

1 : chemical element sodium uranium 2 : chemical<br />

radical ammonium b :an ion having a positive charge <br />

in names <strong>of</strong> complex cations as those derived from an organic<br />

base imidazolium CHNH + pyridinium nitrosylium<br />

NO + compare - 2 pl -iums also -ia NL, fr. L, fr. Gk<br />

-ion n. suffix, <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>of</strong> diminutive force : small one : mass<br />

esp. in biological terms onchium pollinium<br />

-ive adj suffix ME -if, -ive, fr. MF L MF -if, fr. L -ivus akin<br />

to assumed Gk -eiwos whence Gk -eios -ive : that performs<br />

or tends toward or serves to accomplish an indicated<br />

action esp. regularly or lastingly amusive coordinative<br />

-ization also -isation n suffix - -ize or -ise + -ation : action or<br />

process desulfurization euchromatization conization<br />

: state or result dimerization immiserization<br />

-ize vb suffix --- see spelling note 2.10 on page 24a <strong>of</strong><br />

Websters Third New International Dictionary ME -isen, fr. OF<br />

-iser, fr. LL -izare, fr. Gk -izein 1 a 1 : to cause to be or<br />

become or conform to or be like or resemble something<br />

specified systemize americanize liquidize : cause to be<br />

formed into unionize diphthongize 2 : to subject to<br />

action by or treatment <strong>of</strong> something specified criticize<br />

: subject to a specified action plagiarize 3 : to cause to<br />

have or appear to have some specified quality rationalize<br />

: act upon in such a way as to produce a specified result in<br />

brutalize commercialize 4 : to impregnate or treat or<br />

combine with something specified albuminize hydrogenize<br />

5 : to adapt to something specified : modify by<br />

means <strong>of</strong> avianize b :to make a specified thing <strong>of</strong> : treat<br />

like idolize lionize c :to treat in the manner <strong>of</strong> or according<br />

to the method or process <strong>of</strong> a specified individual<br />

bowdlerize mesmerize 2 a : to become or become like<br />

something specified crystallize b :to be productive in or<br />

<strong>of</strong> something specified theorize : engage in or carry on a<br />

specified activity botanize philosophize attitudinize<br />

concertize c :to follow after someone or something specified<br />

: to adopt or spread the manner <strong>of</strong> activity or the outlook<br />

or teaching <strong>of</strong> someone calvinize<br />

japano- combining form, usu cap Japan the country<br />

: Japanese Japanologist Japanophile<br />

jejun- or jejuno- combining form jejunum 1 : jejunum<br />

jejunectomy 2 :jejunal <strong>and</strong> jejunoduodenal<br />

judeo- also judaeo- combining form, usu cap L judaeus Jewish,<br />

Jew 1 :<strong>of</strong> or relating to the Jews or Judaism Judeophobia<br />

2:Jewish <strong>and</strong> Judeo-Christian Judeo-Persian<br />

juxta- combining form L juxta, adv. prep., near, nearby<br />

: situated near juxta-articular juxtamedullary<br />

kary- or karyo- also cary- or caryo- combining form NL, fr. Gk<br />

kary-, karyo- walnut, nut, kernel, fr. karyon 1 :nucleus <strong>of</strong> a<br />

cell karyenchyma karyokinesis in cytological terms 2<br />

: nut : kernel caryopsis<br />

kata- or kat- prefix Gk more at - : ken-<br />

or keno- combining form Gk, fr. kenos akin to Arm sin<br />

empty, vain : empty kenotron<br />

ker- also ke- prefix imit. used in onomatopoeic or echoic<br />

forms imitating the noise <strong>of</strong> a falling object kerplop<br />

kerauno- combining form Gk more at - : thunder<br />

ket- or keto- combining form ISV, fr. ketone 1 usu keto- a<br />

: containing the ketone group ketohexose in names <strong>of</strong><br />

clases <strong>of</strong> compounds compare - 1 b :containing a ketone<br />

group regarded as formed by replacement <strong>of</strong> two hydrogen<br />

atoms in a methylene group by oxygen in names <strong>of</strong> specific<br />

organic compounds ketopropionic acid compare - 2<br />

: related to a ketone ketoxime compare - 2<br />

kilo- combining form F, modif. <strong>of</strong> Gk chilioi : thous<strong>and</strong> <br />

chiefly in names <strong>of</strong> units in the metric system kiloampere<br />

kilogauss kilojoule<br />

kin- or kine- or kino- or cin- or cino- combining form Gk<br />

kinma motion : motion : action kinesthesia kinoplasm<br />

kineplasty<br />

-kin also -kins n suffix, pl -kins -kin fr. ME, fr. MD -kin, -ken,<br />

-kijn akin to OS -kn, dim. suffix, OHG -chn -kins fr. ME,<br />

suffix used to form surnames as Jenkins, fr. -kin + -s,<br />

patronymic suffix as in Roberts : little catkin babykins<br />

kinesi- or kinesio- combining form Gk kinsi-, fr. kinsis<br />

motion : movement : motion kinesimeter kinesiology<br />

-kinesia or -cinesia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk -kinsia, fr.<br />

kinsis : movement : motion hyperkinesia parakinesia<br />

-kinesis n combining form, pl -kineses NL, fr. Gk kinsis 1<br />

: activation chemokinesis photokinesis 2 : division<br />

karyokinesis 3 :production <strong>of</strong> motion telekinesis<br />

kinet- or kineto- also cinet- or cineto- combining form Gk<br />

kintos moving : movement : motion kinetogenic<br />

klept- or klepto- combining form Gk, fr. kleptein to steal akin<br />

to Goth hlifan to steal, L clepere to steal, OPruss auklipts concealed<br />

: stealing : theft kleptistic kleptomania<br />

-kont n combining form - ISV, fr. Gk kontos pole, fr. kentein<br />

to prick : flagellum <strong>of</strong> a cell<br />

-labe n combining form - ME, fr. MF, fr. ML -labium, fr. LGk<br />

-labion, dim. <strong>of</strong> Gk -labos fr. lambanein to take : instrument<br />

: implement cosmolabe<br />

labio- combining form L labium lip 1 :the lips labiograph<br />

labioplasty 2 :labial <strong>and</strong> labionasal labiovelar<br />

lact- or lacti- or lacto- combining form lact- fr. F L F, fr. L,<br />

fr. lact-, lac lacti- fr. F LL F, fr. LL, fr. L lact-, lac lact<strong>of</strong>r.<br />

lact- + o- 1 milk lactalbumin lactometer lactigenic<br />

2 a : lactate <strong>and</strong> lactophosphate b :lactic acid lactamide<br />

lactonitrite c :lactose lactitol lactobionic acid<br />

lag- or lago- combining form NL, fr. L, fr. Gk lag-, fr. lags<br />

: hare lagophthalmos lagopous<br />

-lalia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk lalia chatter, prattle, fr.<br />

lalein to chat, talk prob. <strong>of</strong> imit. origin like G lallen to babble,<br />

stammer, L lallare to sing a lullaby + -ia -y : speech disorder<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified type esp. relating to the articulation <strong>of</strong><br />

speech sounds bradylalia rhinolalia compare --<br />

, -, - 2<br />

lalo- combining form NL, fr. Gk lalos talkative, prattling, fr.<br />

lalein to chat, talk more at - : speech : the speech<br />

organs<br />

-laly n combining form - NL -lalia : -<br />

lamell- or lamelli- combining form NL, fr. lamella : lamella<br />

lamellose lamelliferous lamelliform<br />

lamin- or lamini- or lamino- combining form lamina : lamina<br />

laminar laminiferous<br />

lampro- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. lampros bright, fr. lampein<br />

to give light, shine : bright lamprophyre<br />

lan- or lani- or lano- combining form L lan-, lani-, fr. lana<br />

: wool lanolin lanthionine laniferous lanosterol<br />

larvi- combining form NL, fr. larva : larva : larval larvicolous<br />

larviform larvigerous<br />

laryng- or laryngo- combining form NL laryng- LL laryngo-,<br />

fr. Gk laryng-, laryngo-, fr. laryng-, larynx 1 :larynx laryngopathy<br />

laryngitis 2 a : laryngeal <strong>and</strong> laryngopharyngeal<br />

b:laryngeal : <strong>of</strong> the larynx laryngovestibulitis<br />

later- or lateri- or latero- combining form L later-, fr. later-,<br />

latus 1 :side laterad : sidewise laterigrade 2 :lateral <strong>and</strong><br />

latero-anterior<br />

-later n combining form - alter. <strong>of</strong> ME -latrer, fr. MF -latre

---

lati- 30<br />

-logue<br />

-later fr. LL -latres, fr. Gk -latrs + ME -er akin to Gk latron<br />

pay, hire : one who worships or shows fanatical devotion<br />

bibliolater<br />

lati- combining form ME, fr. L, fr. latus : wide : broad<br />

latirostral<br />

-latry n combining form - ME -latrie, fr. OF, fr. LL -latria, fr.<br />

Gk latreia service, worship akin to Gk latron pay, hire : worship<br />

<strong>of</strong> or fanatical devotion to a specified object heliolatry<br />

laur- or lauro- combining form ISV, fr. NL Laurus 1 :laurel<br />

lauric acid 2 :lauric acid lauramide lauromitrile<br />

-le vb suffix -led -led -ling -les ME -len, fr. OE -lian akin to<br />

OHG -iln, -aln, verb suffixes indicating repeated action <br />

indicating repeated action or movement esp. <strong>of</strong> a trifling or<br />

small-scale character prattle wriggle hobble<br />

lecith- or lecitho- combining form ISV, fr. Gk lekith-, lekith<strong>of</strong>r.<br />

lekithos, prob. <strong>of</strong> non-IE origin : yolk <strong>of</strong> an egg lecithin<br />

lecithoprotein<br />

leio- or lio- combining form NL, fr. Gk leio-, fr. leios : smooth<br />

leiocephalous leiophyllous leiodermia<br />

lemmo- combining form Gk lemma rind, husk + E -o-<br />

: neurilemma lemmoblastic lemmocyte<br />

lepid- or lepido- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. lepid-, lepis, fr.<br />

lepein to peel : flake : scale Lepidoptera<br />

-lepis n combining form NL, fr. Gk lepis, fr. lepein to peel<br />

: flake : scale in generic names Bothriolepis Osteolepis<br />

lepo- combining form prob. fr. NL, fr. Gk lepos : husk : rind<br />

: scale lepocyte lepothrix<br />

-lepsy also -lepsia or -lepsis n combining form, pl -lepsies also<br />

-lepsias or -lepses -lepsy fr. MF -lepsie, fr. LL -lepsia, fr. Gk<br />

-lpsia, fr. lpsis act <strong>of</strong> taking hold or receiving, seizure fr.<br />

lptos, verbal <strong>of</strong> lambanein to take, seize + -ia -y -lepsia, NL,<br />

fr. LL Gk LL, fr. Gk -lpsia -lepsis, L, fr. Gk -lpsis, fr.<br />

lpsis : taking : seizure epilepsy <strong>and</strong>rolepsia<br />

lept- or lepto- combining form lept-, NL, fr. Gk leptos, lit.,<br />

peeled, husked, fr. lepein to peel lepto- fr. Gk, fr. leptos<br />

: small : weak : thin : fine Lept<strong>and</strong>ra leptology leptorrhine<br />

-less adj suffix ME -les, -lesse, fr. OE -las, fr. las devoid, false<br />

akin to OS ls loose, false, MD los loose, OHG ls, ON lauss<br />

loose, Goth laus empty, OE losian to get lost, perish 1 :destitute<br />

<strong>of</strong> : not having : free from witless childless fatherless<br />

doubtless 2 :beyond the range <strong>of</strong> in adjectives<br />

formed from nouns <strong>of</strong> action countless 3 :unable or lacking<br />

power to be acted on or to act in a specified way in<br />

adjectives formed from verbs resistless dauntless<br />

quenchless tireless fadeless ceaseless<br />

-let n suffix - ME -let, -lette, fr. MF -elet, fr. OF, fr. -el + -et<br />

dim. suffix 1 :small one booklet streamlet 2 :article<br />

worn on in names <strong>of</strong> articles <strong>of</strong> dress anklet wristlet<br />

letto- combining form, usu cap Lett + -o- : Lettish <strong>and</strong><br />

Letto-Lithuanian parentage<br />

leuc- or leuco- also leuk- or leuko- combining form NL, fr. Gk<br />

leuk-, leuko- white, fr. leukos 1 :white : colorless : weakly<br />

colored leucaugite leucoplast leukocyte <strong>of</strong>ten in<br />

names <strong>of</strong> chemical compounds derived from as by reduction<br />

or related to a dye or other colored compound leucaurin<br />

leucomethylene blue 2 :leukocyte leukopenia 3 :white<br />

matter <strong>of</strong> the brain leucotomy<br />

leukocyt- or leukocyto- also leucocyt- or leucocyto- combining<br />

form NL, fr. ISV leukocyte : leukocyte leukocytopenia<br />

leukocytosis<br />

lev- or levo- also laev- or laevo- combining form F lévo-, fr. L<br />

laevus left akin to Gk laios left, OSlav lvŭ : left : on the left<br />

side : to the left levoversion<br />

-lexia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk lexis word, speech<br />

: reading <strong>of</strong> such a kind or with such an impairment<br />

bradylexia dyslexia<br />

libyo- combining form, usu cap Libya : Libyan <strong>and</strong><br />

Libyo-Phoenician Libyo-Teutonic<br />

lign- or ligni- or ligno- combining form L lign-, ligni-, fr.<br />

lignum 1 :wood ligniform lignivorous lignography 2<br />

ISV, fr. lignin : lignin lignoprotein lignosulfonic acid<br />

ligul- or liguli- combining form NL ligula 1 :ligule ligular<br />

liguliform : ligulate liguliflorous 2 NL Ligula : the<br />

genus Ligula liguloid<br />

limn- or limni- or limno- combining form NL, fr. Gk, pool,<br />

marshy lake, fr. limn akin to Gk limen-, limn harbor<br />

: freshwater lake : pond limnimeter limnology<br />

-limnion n combining form, pl -limnia NL, fr. Gk limnion small<br />

lake, dim. <strong>of</strong> limn marshy lake : lake : water hypolimnion<br />

lineo- combining form L linea line cord : line lineograph<br />

: linear <strong>and</strong> lineocircular<br />

-ling n suffix - ME, fr. OE akin to OHG -ling, ON -lingr,<br />

Goth -lings, OE -ing more at - one <strong>of</strong> a specified kind<br />

1:one belonging to or associated with a specified group or<br />

condition or marked by a specified quality hireling darling<br />

nestling 2 :young, small, or inferior one duckling<br />

gosling princeling<br />

-ling or -lings adv suffix -ling fr. ME, fr. OE -lings fr. ME<br />

-linges, fr. -ling + -es, gen. sing. ending <strong>of</strong> nouns functioning<br />

adverbially, as in nedes needs, alweyes always akin to OHG<br />

-lingn -ling, OE -l strap, Lith lenkti to bend more at -<br />

: in such a direction or manner : to such an extent eastling<br />

chiefly in adverbs <strong>of</strong> state or manner darkling<br />

lingu- or lingua- or lingui- or linguo- combining form L lingu-,<br />

fr. lingua 1 :language linguipotence linguist 2 :tongue<br />

linguopapillitis 3 a : produced by the tongue <strong>and</strong> in<br />

terms referring to speech sounds linguodental linguanasal<br />

linguonasal linguopalatal b :lingual <strong>and</strong> linguomaxillary<br />

4 :lingually linguodistal<br />

lip- or lipo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. lipos 1 :fat : fatty<br />

tissue : fatty : - lipectomy lipocardiac lipocele 2<br />

: lipide<br />

lipar- or liparo- combining form Gk, fr. liparos, fr. lipos fat<br />

: fatty : fat liparocele liparoid liparous<br />

lipo- combining form F, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. leipein to leave, be<br />

lacking 1 :lacking : without lipography 2 :leaving : ab<strong>and</strong>oning<br />

lipoxenous<br />

liss- or lisso- combining form NL, fr. Gk lissos, lispos, lisphos<br />

prob. akin to OE lm lime : smooth lissencephalous<br />

Liss<strong>of</strong>lagellata<br />

-lite also -lyte n combining form F -lite, alter. <strong>of</strong> -lithe, fr. Gk<br />

lithos stone 1 a : mineral : rock : fossil in stone cryolite<br />

rhyolite dendrolite b :- 1b albolite 2 :- 2<br />

phlebolite<br />

lith- or litho- combining form L, fr. Gk, fr. lithos 1 :stone<br />

lithanthrax lithophyte lithograph 2 :calculus lithosis<br />

lithology 3 NL lithium : lithium lithic : lithic lithemia<br />

-lith n combining form - NL -lithus F -lithe, fr. Gk lithos<br />

stone 1 a : stone : structure or implement <strong>of</strong> stone<br />

cyclolith monolith eolith b :artificial stone : cement<br />

granolith 2 med : calculus angiolith nephrolith 3<br />

: - 1a coccolith zoolith<br />

lithi- or lithio- combining form NL lithium : lithium lithiophilite<br />

lithiate<br />

-lithic adj combining form lithic 1 :relating to or characteristic<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified stage in mans use <strong>of</strong> stone as a cultural<br />

tool Neolithic prelithic technolithic 2 bot : stone<br />

epilithic<br />

lob- or lobi- or lobo- combining form lobe : lobe lobectomy<br />

lobiform lobigerous lobotomy<br />

-lobus n combining form : one having a specified kind <strong>of</strong> lobe<br />

in generic names Chaenolobus Gonolobus<br />

loco- combining form F, fr. MF, fr. L loco, abl. <strong>of</strong> locus place<br />

1:from place to place locomotion 2 :place locodescriptive<br />

log- or logo- combining form Gk, fr. logos word, reason,<br />

speech, account : word : thought : speech : discourse logogram<br />

logolatry logomania<br />

-logia n combining form - L, fr. Gk more at -logy : -<br />

logico- combining form logical : logical : logical <strong>and</strong> logicomathematical<br />

-logue or -log n combining form - ME -loge, -logue, fr. OF

---

-logy 31<br />

-manship<br />

-logue, fr. L -logus, fr. Gk -logos, fr. legein to speak 1 a : discourse,<br />

talk duologue b : performance, recital<br />

pianologue 2 :student, specialist Sinologue<br />

-logy n combining form - ME -logie, fr. OF, fr. L -logia, fr.<br />

Gk, fr. logos word, reason, speech, account + -ia -y 1 :oral<br />

or written expression phraseology 2 :doctrine, theory, science<br />

sociology 3 :discourse, treatise insectology<br />

lonch- or loncho- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. lonch spearhead,<br />

lance : lance Lonchocarpus Lonchma<br />

longi- combining form ME, fr. L, fr. longus 1 :long longicaudal<br />

longipennate longirostrine 2 : longitudinal<br />

longisection<br />

loph- or lopho- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. lophos : crest<br />

: tuft : comb lophophytosis Lophura<br />

-loph n combining form - Gk lophos : crest ectoloph<br />

lophi- or lophio- combining form NL, fr. Gk lophion small<br />

crest, dim. <strong>of</strong> lophos : small crest or tuft Lophiodon<br />

Lophiomys<br />

lox- or loxo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. loxos akin to MIr<br />

losc lame, OE eln ell : oblique loxodograph Loxosoma<br />

luci- combining form L, fr. luc-, lux : light lucimeter<br />

ludicro- combining form L ludicrus + E -o- : ludicrous <strong>and</strong><br />

ludicropathetic ludicroserious ludicrosplenetic<br />

lumb- or lumbo- combining form L lumb-, fr. lumbus 1 :loin<br />

lumbodynia 2 :lumbar <strong>and</strong> lumbosacral<br />

lumi- prefix irreg. fr. L lumin-, lumen light : formed by irradiation<br />

lumichrome lumisterol<br />

lumin- or lumini- or lumino- combining form ME lumin-, fr. L<br />

lumin-, lumen light 1 :light luminiferous luminometer 2<br />

: lumen luminal 3 :luminescence luminol<br />

luso- combining form, usu cap Pg, fr. lusitano Portuguese, fr. L<br />

lusitanus Lusitanian : Portuguese <strong>and</strong> Luso-Brazilian<br />

lute- or luteo- combining form NL luteum in corpus luteum,<br />

fr. L, neut. <strong>of</strong> luteus yellowish, luteous : corpus luteum<br />

luteal luteotrophic<br />

luteo- combining form ISV, fr. L luteus yellowish, luteous<br />

: yellowish : yellowish <strong>and</strong> lute<strong>of</strong>uscous luteovirescent<br />

-ly adj suffix, usu -- ME -lich, -ly, -li, fr. OE -lc, -lic<br />

akin to OFris OS -lk -ly, MD -lijc, OHG -lh, -lih, ON -ligr<br />

all fr. a Gmc noun represented by OE lc body, corpse 1 :like<br />

in appearance, manner, or nature : having the characteristics<br />

<strong>of</strong> queenly fatherly womanly 2 : expressing regular<br />

recurrence in stated units <strong>of</strong> time : every hourly daily<br />

weekly<br />

-ly adv suffix, usu -- ME -liche, -ly, -li, fr. OE -lce, -lice,<br />

fr. -lc, -lic adj. suffix : in a specified manner slowly : in<br />

the manner <strong>of</strong> a soldierly : from a specified st<strong>and</strong>point<br />

lyc- or lyco- combining form NL, fr. Gk lyk-, lyko-, fr. lykos<br />

: wolf Lycopodium<br />

lymph- or lympho- combining form NL lympha 1 : lymph<br />

lymphogenic 2 :lymphatic tissue lymphenteritis 3 :lymphocytes<br />

lymphoprotease lymphotaxis<br />

lymphangi- or lymphangio- combining form NL, fr. lymphangion<br />

lymphatic vessel, fr. lymph- + Gk angeion vessel, blood<br />

vessel more at - : lymphatic vessels lymphangiectasis<br />

lymphangiology<br />

lymphato- combining form ISV lymphat- fr. lymphatic + -o-<br />

: lymphatic tissue lymphatolysin lymphatolysis<br />

lyo- combining form prob. fr. NL, fr. Gk lyein to loose, dissolve,<br />

release + NL -o- 1 : lacking : rudimentary in<br />

Lyomeri 2 :looseness : dispersion lyophilic<br />

lys- or lysi- or lyso- combining form NL, fr. Gk lys-, lysi- loosening,<br />

dissolution, fr. lysis, fr. lyein to loosen, dissolve + -sis<br />

1 : loosening or dissolution or decomposition lysigenous<br />

lysin 2 usu lyso- ISV lys in + -o- : lysin lysogen<br />

-lysis n combining form, pl -lyses NL, fr. L Gk L, loosening,<br />

fr. Gk, fr. lysis 1 :decomposition electrolysis hydrolysis<br />

pyrolysis 2 :destruction : disintegration : dissolution esp.<br />

<strong>of</strong> material associated with living organisms biolysis autolysis<br />

proteolysis 3 a : relief or reduction neurolysis b<br />

: detachment as in the surgical operation <strong>of</strong> freeing from adhesions<br />

cardiolysis gastrolysis c :paralysis glossolysis<br />

-lyte n combining form - Gk lytos that may be untied, soluble,<br />

verbal <strong>of</strong> lyein to loosen, dissolve : a substance capable <strong>of</strong><br />

undergoing lysis electrolyte hydrolyte<br />

-lytic adj suffix Gk lytikos able to loose : <strong>of</strong>, relating to, or<br />

effecting lysis electrolytic hydrolytic<br />

lyx- or lyxo- combining form lyxose : related to lyxose lyx<strong>of</strong>lavin<br />

-lyze also -lyse vb combining form --- ISV, prob. irreg.<br />

fr. NL -lysis + ISV -ize or -ise : to produce or undergo lytic<br />

disintegration or dissolution electrolyze pyrolyze<br />

solvolyze<br />

-machy n combining form - Gk -machia, fr. mach battle,<br />

fight fr. machesthai to battle, fight + -ia -y : warfare : contest<br />

between or by means <strong>of</strong> logomachy<br />

macr- or macro- combining form F L, fr. Gk makr-, makrolong,<br />

fr. makros 1 :long macrobiotic macrodiagonal 2<br />

: large macrergate macromolecule macrogamete<br />

macromastia macrognathism macropodia <strong>of</strong>ten used<br />

to contrast with micr- 3 :macrodiagonal macrodome 4<br />

: including <strong>and</strong> more comprehensive than Macro-Khoisan<br />

used <strong>of</strong> a language group<br />

macul- or maculo- also maculi- combining form ME macul-, fr.<br />

L, fr. macula 1 :spot : blotch maculation maculiform 2<br />

: spotted <strong>and</strong> : macular <strong>and</strong> maculopetechial lesions maculoanesthetic<br />

magnesio- combining form ISV, fr. NL magnesium : magnesium<br />

magnesiochromite<br />

magnet- or magneto- combining form magnetic 1 :magnetic<br />

force magnetometer 2 :magnetism : magnetic magnetoelectric<br />

magneton 3 : magnetoelectric magnetotelegraph<br />

magno- combining form ISV, fr. magnesia NL magnesium<br />

1:magnesia magnochromite 2 :magnesium magn<strong>of</strong>errite<br />

magnophorite<br />

mal- combining form ME, fr. MF mal, adj., bad mal, adv.,<br />

badly MF mal bad, fr. OF, fr. L malus MF mal badly, fr. OF,<br />

fr. L male, fr. malus bad 1 a : bad : evil malpractice b<br />

: badly : evilly malodorous 2 a : irregular : abnormal malformation<br />

b :irregularly : abnormally malformed 3 a<br />

: poor : inadequate maladjustment b : poorly : inadequately<br />

malnourished<br />

mal- or malo- combining form ISV, fr. malic in malic acid<br />

: malic acid malamide malonitrile<br />

malac- or malaco- combining form L malac-, fr. Gk malak-,<br />

malako-, fr. malakos akin to MIr malcad decay, Russ<br />

molchat to be silent, L molere to grind : s<strong>of</strong>t malacoid<br />

malacophyllous<br />

malari- or malario- combining form malaria : malaria malarioid<br />

malariology malariometry<br />

malayo- combining form, usu cap malay + -o- : Malayan <strong>and</strong><br />

Malayo-Indonesian<br />

-mancy n combining form - ME -mancie, -mauncie, fr. OF<br />

-mancie, fr. L -mantia, fr. Gk manteia, fr. manteuesthai to<br />

divine, prophesy + -ia -y akin to Gk mainesthai to rage, rave<br />

: divination in a specified manner or by means <strong>of</strong> something<br />

specified chiromancy<br />

m<strong>and</strong>el- or m<strong>and</strong>elo- combining form ISV, fr. m<strong>and</strong>elic acid<br />

: m<strong>and</strong>elic acid m<strong>and</strong>elamide m<strong>and</strong>elonitrile<br />

m<strong>and</strong>ibul- or m<strong>and</strong>ibuli- or m<strong>and</strong>ibulo- combining form LL<br />

m<strong>and</strong>ibula : m<strong>and</strong>ible : m<strong>and</strong>ibular <strong>and</strong> m<strong>and</strong>ibulation<br />

m<strong>and</strong>ibulopharyngeal m<strong>and</strong>ibuliform<br />

mangan- or mangano- also mangani- combining form G mangan,<br />

fr. F manganèse : manganese : manganese <strong>and</strong> manganate<br />

manganocolumbite manganiferous<br />

manganoso- combining form ISV mangan- + -oso- fr. L -osus<br />

-ous : manganous<br />

mann- or manno- combining form ISV, fr. manna 1 :manna<br />

mannite mannose 2 :related to mannose mannan<br />

mano- combining form F, fr. Gk, loose, sparse, infrequent, fr.<br />

manos : gas : vapor manograph<br />

-manship n suffix - sportsmanship : art or practice <strong>of</strong> maneuvering<br />

to gain a tactical advantage gamesmanship

---

mari- 32<br />

mer-<br />

mari- combining form L, fr. mare : sea maricolous marigraph<br />

mast- or masto- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. mastos breast<br />

1:breast : mammary gl<strong>and</strong> mastitis mastodon 2 :mastoid<br />

<strong>and</strong> mastotympanic<br />

mastig- or mastigo- combining form Gk, whip, scourge, fr.<br />

mastig-, mastix perh. akin to Gk mnyein to make known,<br />

inform, Russ manit to beckon, entice : whip : flagellum<br />

Mastigophora Mastigamoeba<br />

-mastix n combining form Gk mastig-, mastix whip, scourge 1<br />

- : attacker <strong>of</strong> a specified person or thing Latinomastix<br />

2 NL, fr. Gk mastig-, mastix a :one having such a whip <br />

in generic names in zoology Uromastix b : one having<br />

such a flagellum or such or so many flagella in generic<br />

names in zoology Chilomastix<br />

mathematico- combining form NL, fr. L mathematicus mathematical<br />

: mathematical <strong>and</strong> mathematicological mathematicophysical<br />

matr- or matri- or matro- combining form L matr-, matri-, fr.<br />

matr-, mater : mother matrilineal matroclinous<br />

matronymic<br />

maxi- combining form fr. maximum, after E minimum : mini- 1<br />

: extra long maxicoat maxi-kilt 2 :extra large maxi-sculpture<br />

maxi-problems<br />

maxill- or maxilli- or maxillo- combining form L maxill-, fr.<br />

maxilla 1 :maxilla maxilliped 2 :maxillary <strong>and</strong> maxill<strong>of</strong>acial<br />

maxillozygomatic<br />

mc- prefix, usu cap McDonalds, chain <strong>of</strong> fast-food restaurants<br />

fr. the association <strong>of</strong> the chain with products that are easily<br />

available though basic <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ardized used to indicate<br />

an inexpensive, convenient, or easy but usu. low-quality or<br />

commercialized version <strong>of</strong> something specified McBook<br />

McDoctor<br />

-meal adv combining form ME -mele, fr. OE -mlum, fr.<br />

mlum, dat. pl. <strong>of</strong> ml appointed time repast : by a specified<br />

portion or measure at a time inchmeal piecemeal<br />

meat- or meato- combining form LL meatus : meatus meatic<br />

meatotomy<br />

mec- or meco- combining form ISV, fr. Gk mko-, fr. mkos<br />

length akin to Gk makros long : length : long Mecodonta<br />

mecometer<br />

mechan- or mechano- combining form ME mechan-, fr. MF or<br />

L, fr. Gk mchan-, fr. mchan machine : machine<br />

mechanology mechanomorphic : mechanical mechanize<br />

mechanotherapy : mechanical <strong>and</strong> mechanochemical<br />

mechanico- combining form ISV, fr. L mechanicus mechanic,<br />

mechanical 1 :mechanical mechanicotherapy 2 :mechanical<br />

<strong>and</strong> mechanicochemical<br />

mecon- or mecono- combining form 1 :poppy meconidium<br />

meconopsis 2 NL meconium : opium meconin<br />

meconology meconophagy<br />

medi- or medio- combining form L, fr. medius middle 1<br />

: medially mediodepressed medioperforate 2 :intermediate<br />

medieval mediosilicic 3 : middle or median plane<br />

mediad mediodorsal mediopalatal medioventral<br />

medico- combining form NL, fr. L medicus medical 1 :medical<br />

medicopsychology 2 :medical <strong>and</strong> medicobotanical<br />

medicodental medicolegal<br />

medo- combining form, usu cap Gk mdo-, fr. Mdos Mede,<br />

Median : Median <strong>and</strong> Medo-Persian Medo-Scythian<br />

medus- or medusi- combining form ISV, fr. NL medusa<br />

: medusa medusiferous medusoid<br />

mega- or meg- combining form Gk, fr. megas large, great,<br />

strong 1 a : great : large megabacterium megaspore<br />

: powerful megascope : <strong>of</strong> the major order megadiastrophism<br />

megamutation : enlarged megatype or abnormally<br />

enlarged megaduodenum megaesophagus b :having<br />

a specified part <strong>of</strong> large size megadont megagnathous<br />

c : capable <strong>of</strong> being distinguished or identified<br />

without the aid <strong>of</strong> the microscope megabreccia megafossil<br />

megaphenocryst 2 :a million <strong>of</strong> : multiplied by one<br />

million megohm megalumen megampere 3 : greatly<br />

surpassing others <strong>of</strong> its kind megahero megapolluters 4<br />

: to a superlative degree mega-successful<br />

megal- or megalo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. megal-,<br />

megas large, great : large : great : <strong>of</strong> giant size megaloblast<br />

megalops Megalosaurus : gr<strong>and</strong> : gr<strong>and</strong>iose megalomania<br />

: capable <strong>of</strong> or used for enlarging megalograph megaloscope<br />

specif, med : abnormally large megalocardia<br />

megalocornea<br />

-megaly also -megalia n combining form, pl -megalies also<br />

-megalias NL -megalia, fr. megal- + L -ia -y : abnormal<br />

enlargement <strong>of</strong> a specified part acromegaly gastromegaly<br />

hepatosplenomegalia<br />

mel- combining form NL, fr. Gk melos : limb melalgia<br />

mel- or melo- combining form NL, fr. Gk mla cheeks, lit.,<br />

apples, pl. <strong>of</strong> mlon apple : cheek melitis meloplasty<br />

mela- or mel- also melo- combining form ISV, fr. Gk melas<br />

black : black meladiorite Melogrammataceae<br />

melan- or melano- also melam- combining form melan- fr. ME,<br />

fr. MF, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. melan-, melas melano- melam- fr.<br />

NL, fr. Gk, fr. melan-, melas 1 : black : dark melanic<br />

melanin melanocomous Melampsora 2 : melanin<br />

: marked by the presence <strong>of</strong> melanin melanogen melanemia<br />

melanosarcoma<br />

-melane n combining form - Gk melan-, melas black : black<br />

substance : dark substance lepidomelane sideromelane<br />

melano- combining form, usu cap melanian + -o- : Melanian<br />

<strong>and</strong> Melano-Papuan<br />

meli- combining form Gk meli : honey melilite<br />

-melia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk melos limb + NL -ia<br />

: condition <strong>of</strong> the limbs anisomelia schistomelia<br />

ectromelia<br />

mell- or melli- combining form L : honey : like honey mellite<br />

mellisugent mellisonant<br />

melo- combining form F mélo-, fr. Gk melo-, fr. melos limb,<br />

musical phrase, melody, song : song melologue melomania<br />

-melus n combining form, pl -meli NL, fr. Gk melos limb : one<br />

having a specified abnormality <strong>of</strong> the limbs anisomelus<br />

ectromelus<br />

membran- or membrani- or membrano- combining form membran-<br />

fr. MF, fr. L, fr. membrana skin, membrane, parchment<br />

membrani- membrano- fr. NL, fr. L membrana 1<br />

: membrane membranoid membraniferous Membranipora<br />

membranogenic 2 usu membrano- : membranous <strong>and</strong> membranocartilaginous<br />

membranonervous<br />

mening- or meningo- also meningi- combining form NL, fr.<br />

meninges : meninges meningococcus meningioma<br />

meningitis : meninges <strong>and</strong> meningomyelitis meningovascular<br />

meno- combining form NL, fr. Gk menein to remain : remaining<br />

: persisting Menorhyncha<br />

-ment n suffix - ME, fr. OF, fr. L -mentum, fr. -men, n. suffix<br />

+ -tum akin to -tus, past part. ending akin to Gk -ma, n. suffix<br />

more at - 1 a : concrete result, object, or agent <strong>of</strong> a<br />

specified action entanglement increment attachment<br />

fragment b :concrete means or instrument <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

action complement nutriment ornament 2 a : action,<br />

process, art, or act <strong>of</strong> a specified kind encirclement<br />

recruitment statement government development b<br />

: place or object <strong>of</strong> a specified action escarpment cantonment<br />

3 :state or condition amazement embroilment<br />

fulfillment involvement<br />

menth- or mentho- combining form ISV, fr. menthol : menthol<br />

menthone menthane<br />

menti- combining form L ment-, mens : mind menticide<br />

mento- combining form NL, fr. L mentum : chin : chin <strong>and</strong><br />

mentoanterior mentocondyloid<br />

mer- combining form ME, fr. mere sea, lake, pond, fr. OE<br />

: sea mermaid merman merwoman<br />

mer- or mero- combining form Gk mr-, mro-, fr. mros<br />

: thigh meralgia merocele

---

mer- 33<br />

micr-<br />

mer- or mero- combining form ISV, fr. Gk, fr. meros part<br />

: part : partial meraspis merohedral merosporangium<br />

-mer n combining form - ISV, fr. Gk meros part chem : member<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified class isomer metamer polymer<br />

mercapt- or mercapto- combining form ISV, fr. mercaptan<br />

: derived from or related to a mercaptan mercaptal mercaptide<br />

mercur- or mercuro- combining form ISV, fr. mercury : mercury<br />

mercurophylline<br />

mercuri- combining form ISV, fr. mercury chem : mercuric<br />

chloromercuriphenol ClHgCHOH<br />

-mere n combining form - F -mère, fr. Gk meros part 1 biol<br />

: part : segment arthromere cytomere 2 chem isomere<br />

meri- combining form F méri-, fr. Gk meris part : part : partial<br />

mericlinous meriquinone meristele<br />

-meric adj combining form ISV mer- + -ic 1 biol : having<br />

such parts or segments cytomeric 2 ISV -mer + -ic chem<br />

: having a specified association <strong>of</strong> substances in compounds<br />

polymeric tautomeric<br />

-meride n combining form - ISV -mer + -ide : - isomeride<br />

polymeride<br />

-meris n combining form NL, fr. Gk meris part : one having a<br />

specified part in generic names Piptomeris<br />

-merism n combining form - ISV -mer + -ism 1 :possession <strong>of</strong><br />

a specified association <strong>of</strong> substances in chemical compounds<br />

isomerism tautomerism 2 ISV mer- + -ism<br />

: possession <strong>of</strong> such or so many parts<br />

-merous adj combining form NL -merus, fr. Gk -mers, fr.<br />

meros part : having such or so many parts homomerous<br />

pentamerous 6-merous<br />

-merus n combining form NL, fr. Gk mros thigh : animal or<br />

insect having a specified type <strong>of</strong> thigh in generic names<br />

in entomology Tomicomerus Symmerus<br />

-mery n combining form - ISV mer- + -y : possession <strong>of</strong><br />

such or so many parts gonomery metamery<br />

-meryx n combining form NL, fr. Gk mryx, a ruminating fish,<br />

fr. mrykasthai to ruminate : ruminant chiefly in generic<br />

names <strong>of</strong> extinct ruminating mammals leptomeryx<br />

mes- or meso- combining form L, fr. Gk, fr. mesos 1 a : in the<br />

middle : intermediate as in position, size, type, time, degree<br />

mesoderm mesodont mesonephroma mesoplankton<br />

mesoprosopic Mesozoa mesocarp b : mesentery or<br />

membrane supporting a specified part mesocaecum<br />

mesocolon mesarchium c :mesoderm : mesodermal <strong>and</strong><br />

mesameboid 2 meso- : a reduction product <strong>of</strong> a porphyrin<br />

or other pyrrole derivative in which one or more vinyl groups<br />

have been hydrogenated to ethyl mesohemin mesobilirubin<br />

mesati- combining form Gk mesatos midmost, irreg. superl. <strong>of</strong><br />

mesos mid, in the middle : <strong>of</strong> medium or intermediate proportion<br />

mesio- combining form mesi al + -o- : mesial <strong>and</strong> mesiobuccal<br />

mesiolabial mesioocclusal<br />

meta- or met- prefix NL ML, fr. LL or Gk LL, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

meta between, with, after akin to OE mid, mith with, OS mid,<br />

midi, OHG mit, miti with, ON meth with, between, Goth mith<br />

with, <strong>and</strong> perh. to OE midd mid 1 a : occurring later : in succession<br />

to : after metachronism metabiosis metagenesis<br />

metainfective b :situated behind : posterior metapore<br />

metanephron c :later or more highly organized or specialized<br />

form <strong>of</strong> Metazoa metaphyte d :with : occurring<br />

with metacinnabar 2 a MF L MF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. meta<br />

: change in : transformation <strong>of</strong> metamorphosis metaplasia<br />

b :produced by metamorphism metadiorite metasediment<br />

3 a ME, fr. ML, fr. Gk meta after, as used in ta meta<br />

ta physika the works after the physics : beyond : transcending<br />

metaphysics metapsychosis metageometry<br />

metabiological metempirics b :<strong>of</strong> a higher logical type<br />

in nouns formed from names <strong>of</strong> disciplines <strong>and</strong> designating<br />

new but related disciplines such as can deal critically with<br />

the nature, structure, or behavior <strong>of</strong> the original ones metalanguage<br />

metatheory metasystem 4 ISV, fr. Gk, with,<br />

after, fr. meta a :one that is isomeric with, polymeric with,<br />

or otherwise closely related to metaldehyde in names <strong>of</strong><br />

chemical compounds compare - 2 b : regarded as<br />

derived from the ortho acid by loss <strong>of</strong> water as <strong>of</strong> one molecule<br />

<strong>of</strong> water from each molecule <strong>of</strong> acid in names <strong>of</strong><br />

inorganic acids metaphosphoric acid compare - 3a,<br />

- 2a c :derived from by removal or loss <strong>of</strong> some or all <strong>of</strong><br />

the contained water in names <strong>of</strong> minerals metaautunite<br />

metahalloysite<br />

metall- or metallo- combining form L or Gk L metallum, fr.<br />

Gk metallon mine later, metal 1 :metal metallurgy metallography<br />

2 :containing a metal atom or ion in the molecule<br />

metall<strong>of</strong>lavoprotein<br />

metalli- combining form L, fr. metallum : metal metalliform<br />

metallify<br />

meteor- or meteoro- combining form MF or Gk MF, fr. Gk<br />

meter- high in air fr. meteros, metero- astronomical phenomenon,<br />

thing in the heaven above, fr. meteron 1 :meteor<br />

meteoroid 2 :weather <strong>and</strong> climate meteorobiology<br />

-meter n combining form - F -mètre, fr. Gk metron measure<br />

: instrument or means for measuring barometer calorimeter<br />

voltameter<br />

meth- or metho- combining form ISV, fr. methyl : methyl<br />

methacrylic methobromide<br />

metr- or metro- combining form NL, fr. Gk mtr-, fr. mtra 1<br />

: uterus metritis metr<strong>of</strong>ibroma metrotome 2 : pith<br />

Metrosideros Metroxylon<br />

-metra n combining form - NL, fr. Gk mtra womb : a specified<br />

condition <strong>of</strong> the uterus hematometra hydrometra<br />

-metric or -metrical adj combining form -metric fr. F -métrique,<br />

fr. métrique metrical, fr. L metricus -metrical fr. F -métrique<br />

+ E -al 1 :<strong>of</strong>, employing, or obtained by such a meter<br />

barometric heliometric 2 :<strong>of</strong> or relating to such an art,<br />

process, or science <strong>of</strong> measuring chronometric geometric<br />

psychometric<br />

-metrium n combining form, pl -metria NL, fr. metr- + -ium<br />

: part or layer <strong>of</strong> the uterus endometrium myometrium<br />

-metry n combining form - ME -metrie, fr. MF, fr. L -metria,<br />

fr. Gk, fr. metrein to measure fr. metron measure + -ia -y<br />

: art, process, or science <strong>of</strong> measuring something specified<br />

chronometry hygrometry hypermetry photometry<br />

psychometry<br />

mi- or mio- also meio- combining form prob. fr. NL meio-, fr.<br />

Gk, fr. mein 1 a : less Miocene : smaller Miohippus b<br />

: slightly miconcave 2 :fewer meiophylly<br />

micr- or micro- combining form ME micro-, fr. L, fr. Gk mikr-,<br />

mikro-, fr. mikros, smikros small, short akin to OE smalc<br />

careful, exquisite, OHG smhi small, low, ON smr small, <strong>and</strong><br />

perh. to OE smtan to smear 1 a : small : minute : petty<br />

microcyst <strong>of</strong>ten used to contrast with macr- b :enlarging<br />

: magnifying or amplifying in names <strong>of</strong> instruments<br />

microphone microscope c used for small or minute<br />

size, quantities, intensities, or variations microbarograph<br />

microcalorimeter micrograph d :minutely microlevel<br />

2:one millionth part <strong>of</strong> a specified unit microsecond <br />

esp. in terms used in the metric system microgram <strong>and</strong> in<br />

electricity micr<strong>of</strong>arad microhm 3 : microscopic: as a<br />

: dealing with, employing, or used in microscopy micropaleontology<br />

microtome b :revealed by or having its structure<br />

discernible only by microscopical examination micr<strong>of</strong>ossil<br />

c :prepared for microscopical examination microsection<br />

4 :abnormally small microdactylous chiefly in<br />

nouns denoting a condition <strong>of</strong> a specified part <strong>of</strong> the body<br />

micrognathia 5 :<strong>of</strong>, involving, or for very small or minute<br />

quantities <strong>of</strong> material : on a small or minute scale <strong>of</strong> chemical<br />

operation : microchemical : microanalytical microbalance<br />

microsublimation compare -,<br />

- 6 :<strong>of</strong> very fine grain : in names <strong>of</strong> rocks microgranite<br />

7:<strong>of</strong> or relating to a small area microclimate microeconomics<br />

microhabitat 8 :microphotographed or micr<strong>of</strong>ilmed<br />

microcopy : employed in or relating to microphotographing<br />

or micr<strong>of</strong>ilming microreader

---

milli- 34<br />

-myaria<br />

milli- combining form F milli-, fr. L milli-, mili- thous<strong>and</strong>, fr.<br />

mille : thous<strong>and</strong>th esp. in terms belonging to the metric<br />

system milliampere millibar millimeter<br />

millimicro- combining form milli- + micr- : mim-<br />

or mimo- combining form L, fr. Gk, fr. mimos mime<br />

: mime : mimic mimotype<br />

-mimus n combining form NL, fr. L mimus mime : mimic<br />

: imitator in generic names <strong>of</strong> animals Cetomimus<br />

mini- combining form miniature : smaller or briefer than is<br />

usual, normal, or st<strong>and</strong>ard<br />

mis- prefix partly fr. ME, fr. OE partly fr. ME mes-, mis-, fr.<br />

OF mes-, <strong>of</strong> Gmc origin akin to OE mis- akin to OHG missa-,<br />

missi- mis-, OS ON mis-, Goth missa- mis-, OE missan to<br />

miss 1 a : in an incorrect or improper manner : badly : mistakenly<br />

: wrongly misadvise misclassify misjudge miscooked<br />

miscopied b :unfavorably misdeem c :in a<br />

fearful or suspicious manner misdoubt 2 : incorrect<br />

: improper : bad : mistaken : wrong misdeed misimpression<br />

misreliance 3 a : opposite <strong>of</strong> misadvantage misthrift<br />

b :lack <strong>of</strong> misadjustment misease 4 :not misconstitutional<br />

misconvenient<br />

mis- or miso- combining form Gk, fr. misein to hate misos<br />

hatred : hatred misogynic misoneism misosophy<br />

mit- or mito- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. mitos 1 :thread<br />

mitoplast 2 :mitosis mitoclastic mitodepressive mitogenetic<br />

-mixis n combining form, pl -mixes NL -mixis, fr. Gk, act <strong>of</strong><br />

mingling, act <strong>of</strong> mixing, fr. mixis : an intermingling in reproduction<br />

apomixis endomixis pseudomixis parthenomixis<br />

compare -<br />

mixo- combining form Gk, fr. mixis act <strong>of</strong> mingling or mixing<br />

1:mixed mixotrophic mixochimaera 2 :mixture <strong>of</strong> isomers<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified compound mixooctane compare mnem-<br />

or mnemo- combining form mnem-, NL, fr. Gk mnm-,<br />

fr. mnm mnemo- prob. fr. F mnémo-, fr. Gk mnmo-, fr.<br />

Gk mnm : memory mnemogenic mnemotechnical<br />

-mnesia n combining form - NL, fr. amnesia : a specified<br />

type or condition <strong>of</strong> memory cryptomnesia panmnesia<br />

-mo n suffix - duodecimo after numerals or their names<br />

to indicate the number <strong>of</strong> leaves made by folding a sheet <strong>of</strong><br />

paper sixteenmo 16mo eighteenmo 18mo<br />

-mobile n combining form - automobile : vehicle clubmobile<br />

bookmobile bloodmobile<br />

mogi- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. mogis barely, with effort<br />

akin to Gk mogos exertion, labor, Latvian smags burdensome<br />

: with difficulty mogiphonia<br />

moldo- combining form, usu cap moldavian : Moldavian <strong>and</strong><br />

Moldo-Wallachian<br />

molybd- or molybdo- combining form L molybd-, fr. Gk<br />

molybd-, molybdo-, fr. molybdos 1 :lead molybdophyllite<br />

2 NL molybdena molybdenum : molybdenum : molybdous<br />

molybdophosphate molybdocyanide<br />

mon- or mono- combining form ME, fr. MF L MF, fr. OF,<br />

fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. monos alone, single 1 a : consisting <strong>of</strong> or having<br />

only one : single monarch monoplane b :by or from<br />

one only monogenic monodrama c :restricted to only<br />

one monogamy monologue d :only one at a time monotocous<br />

e :alone monophobia 2 a : containing one atom,<br />

radical, or group <strong>of</strong> a specified kind monoxide<br />

monoether monobromide usu. omitted in names <strong>of</strong><br />

specific compounds as being understood monobromoacetone<br />

or bromoacetone b : monomolecular mon<strong>of</strong>ilm<br />

monolayer 3 a : affecting a single part monoplegia b<br />

: due to a single cause monobacillary c : monomeric<br />

monostyrene<br />

monadi- combining form monad : monad monadiform<br />

monadigerous<br />

-monas n combining form NL, fr. LL monas : unit : simple<br />

organism <strong>of</strong> a specified kind in generic names<br />

Chlamydomonas Cellulomonas Leptomonas<br />

mongolo- combining form, usu cap Mongol : Mongolian <strong>and</strong><br />

Mongolo-Manchurian Mongolo-Tatar Mongolo-Turkic<br />

morph- or morpho- combining form G morpho- form, fr. Gk<br />

morph-, morpho-, fr. morph : form : shape : structure : type<br />

morphic morphodifferentiation<br />

morph- or morpho- combining form : form <strong>and</strong> morph<strong>of</strong>unctional<br />

-morph n combining form - ISV, fr. -morphous : one having<br />

such a form isomorph<br />

-morpha n combining form, pl -morpha NL, fr. fem. sing. <br />

neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -morphus -morphous, fr. Gk -morphos : one or<br />

ones having such a form Enteromorpha esp. in names<br />

<strong>of</strong> zoological taxa larger than a genus Cynomorpha<br />

Hystricomorpha<br />

-morphae n pl combining form NL, fr. fem. pl. <strong>of</strong> -morphus<br />

-morphous : ones having such a form in names <strong>of</strong> zoological<br />

taxa, esp. <strong>of</strong> birds, larger than a genus<br />

Psittacomorphae<br />

-morphi n pl combining form NL, fr. pl. <strong>of</strong> -morphus -morphous<br />

: ones having such a form in names <strong>of</strong> fish taxa<br />

larger than a genus Halecomorphi<br />

-morphic adj combining form prob. fr. F -morphique, fr. Gk<br />

morph form + F -ique -ic : having such a form<br />

dolichomorphic<br />

-morphism n combining form - LL -morphus -morphous fr.<br />

Gk -morphos + E -ism more at - 1 :quality or<br />

state <strong>of</strong> having such a form heteromorphism isomorphism<br />

2 :conceptualization in such a form physicomorphism<br />

-morphosis n combining form, pl -morphoses L, fr. Gk<br />

-morphsis, fr. morphsis 1 :development or change <strong>of</strong> form<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified thing cytomorphosis 2 :development or<br />

change <strong>of</strong> form in a specified manner heteromorphosis<br />

-morphous adj combining form Gk -morphos, fr. morph form<br />

: having such a form isomorphous<br />

-morphy n combining form - ISV -morph + -y : quality or<br />

state <strong>of</strong> having such a form heteromorphy isomorphy<br />

-most adj suffix ME -mast, -most, alter. influenced by mast,<br />

most most <strong>of</strong> -mest as in formest foremost : most innermost<br />

: most toward headmost<br />

moto- combining form motion motor : motion : motor<br />

mot<strong>of</strong>acient motoneuron<br />

muc- or muci- or muco- combining form L muc-, fr. mucus<br />

nasal mucus 1 : mucus : mucous mucific mucocele<br />

mucoid 2 :mucous <strong>and</strong> mucopurulent<br />

mucoso- combining form L mucosus mucous : mucous <strong>and</strong><br />

mucosopurulent mucososaccharine<br />

multi- combining form ME, fr. MF or L MF, fr. L, fr. multus<br />

much, many 1 a : many : multiple : much multicoupler<br />

multidimensional multiperforated b :consisting <strong>of</strong>, containing,<br />

or having more than two multicuspid multilevel<br />

c:consisting <strong>of</strong>, containing, or having more than one multifamily<br />

2 :many times over multimillionaire : in many<br />

respects multispecialist 3 :affecting many parts multigl<strong>and</strong>ular<br />

musc- or musci- also musco- combining form L musc-, fr. muscus<br />

: moss Muscites muscoid muscicolous muscology<br />

musci- combining form NL, fr. L musca : fly Muscicapidae<br />

muscul- or musculo- combining form LL muscul-, fr. L musculus<br />

1 :muscle muscular musculin musculospiral 2 usu<br />

musculo- : muscular <strong>and</strong> musculoepithelial muscul<strong>of</strong>ibrous<br />

museo- combining form museum : museum museology<br />

musico- combining form music 1 : music musicography<br />

musicotherapy 2 :musical <strong>and</strong> musicodramatic musicoliturgical<br />

my- or myo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. mys 1 :mouse<br />

myomorpha 2 a : muscle myology : muscle <strong>and</strong> myoelastic<br />

b :myoma <strong>and</strong> with words ending in -oma my<strong>of</strong>ibroma<br />

-mya n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk mys mouse, muscle<br />

: creatures having such, so many, or so arranged musculature<br />

in higher taxa <strong>of</strong> mollusks Dimya Heteromya<br />

-myaria n pl combining form NL, fr. my- + -aria : -

---

myc- 35<br />

nephel-<br />

myc- or myco- combining form NL, irreg. fr. Gk myks fungus,<br />

mushroom akin to Gk myxa lampwick, nasal mucus : fungus<br />

mycelium mycobiota mycogenetic mycology<br />

mycosis specif : mushroom mycophile<br />

-myces n combining form NL, fr. Gk myks : fungus<br />

Actinomyces Phycomyces<br />

mycet- or myceto- combining form ISV, fr. Gk mykt-, myks<br />

more at - : fungus mycetocolous mycetogenetic<br />

mycetoma Mycetozoa<br />

-mycete n combining form - NL -mycetes : fungus<br />

micromycete<br />

-mycetes n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk myktes, pl. <strong>of</strong><br />

mykt-, myks fungus, mushroom more at - : fungi <br />

chiefly in names <strong>of</strong> classes <strong>and</strong> subclasses Ascomycetes<br />

Schizomycetes<br />

-mycin n combining form - ISV myc- + -in : substance<br />

obtained from a fungus carbomycin erythromycin<br />

myel- or myelo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. myelos, fr. mys<br />

mouse, muscle : marrow myelin myelocyte: as a :bone<br />

marrow myelogenous b : spinal cord myelencephalon<br />

myelocele<br />

-myelia n combining form - NL, fr. myel- + -ia : a specified<br />

condition <strong>of</strong> the spinal cord hematomyelia<br />

myelino- combining form NL, fr. ISV myelin : myelin myelinoclasis<br />

myelinoclastic myelinogenesis myelinogenetic<br />

myi- or myio- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. myia : fly<br />

Myiarchus<br />

-myia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk myia : fly anthomyia<br />

Cephenomyia<br />

myl- or mylo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, mill, molar, fr. myl<br />

: molar mylohyoid<br />

myom- or myomo- combining form NL myoma : myoma<br />

myomectomy myomohysterectomy myomotomy<br />

myri- or myrio- combining form Gk, fr. myrios : indefinitely<br />

numerous : countless myriophyllous Myriophyllum<br />

myriosporous<br />

myria- combining form F, fr. Gk myrios 1 : ten thous<strong>and</strong><br />

myriacoulomb esp. in terms belonging to the metric system<br />

myriagram myrialiter 2 : indefinitely numerous<br />

: - Myriapoda<br />

myring- or myringo- combining form NL, fr. myringa<br />

: myringa myringodermatitis myringoscope myringotomy<br />

myrmec- or myrmeco- combining form Gk myrmk-,<br />

myrmko-, fr. myrmk-, myrmx : ant Myrmecia<br />

Myrmecophyte myrmecology myrmecophobic<br />

-mys n combining form NL, fr. Gk mys : mouse : mouselike<br />

creature in generic names in zoology Cynomys<br />

Phascolomys<br />

mystico- combining form mystic : mystical <strong>and</strong> mysticoallegoric<br />

mythico- combining form mythical : mythical <strong>and</strong> mythicohistorical<br />

mythicoromantic<br />

myx- or myxo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. myxa lampwick,<br />

nasal slime 1 : mucus : slime myxadenitis myxocyte<br />

myxoma Myxomycetes 2 : myxoma myx<strong>of</strong>ibroma<br />

myxosarcoma<br />

-myxa n combining form, pl -myxa NL, fr. Gk myxa lampwick,<br />

nasal slime : one or ones consisting <strong>of</strong> or resembling slime <br />

in taxonomic names esp. in protozoology Chlamydomyxa<br />

Proteomyxa<br />

-myza or -myzon n combining form NL, fr. Gk myzein, myzan<br />

to suck akin to Gk mydan to be damp : one that sucks or<br />

feeds by suction in generic names in zoology Petromyzon<br />

Agromyza<br />

myzo- combining form NL, fr. Gk myzan, myzein to suck<br />

: sucking : sucker myzodendron Myzorhynchus<br />

nan- or nano- combining form F, fr. L nanus dwarf, fr. Gk<br />

nanos, nannos prob. akin to Gk nanna, nenna female relative,<br />

aunt : dwarf nanocephaly nanoid nanosomia<br />

nann- or nanno- combining form NL, fr. Gk nann-, fr. nannos,<br />

nanos more at - : dwarf Nannippus nannocephaly<br />

nano- combining form ISV, fr. L nanus dwarf more at -<br />

: one billionth 10 − part <strong>of</strong> nanosecond<br />

naphth- or naphtho- also naphtha- combining form ISV, fr.<br />

naphtha naphthaline 1 :naphtha naphthene naphthyl<br />

2 a : related to naphthalene : naphthoic acid naphthoquinone<br />

naphthamide b :naphthol naphthoxide<br />

narc- or narco- combining form ME nark-, fr. MF narc-, fr.<br />

ML, fr. Gk nark-, fr. narkoun to benumb 1 :numbness : stupor<br />

narcohypnia 2 :narcosis : narcotic narcoma narcohypnosis<br />

narcoanesthesia : narcotic <strong>and</strong> narcostimulant<br />

3 : deep sleep narcolepsy 4 : electric ray Narcacion<br />

Narcobatus 5 :aided by drugs narcodiagnosis narcohypnosis<br />

6 :<strong>of</strong> or relating to illegal narcotics narcotrafficking<br />

nas- or naso- also nasi- combining form L nasus nose 1 :nose<br />

: nasal nasicorn nasitis nasology nasoscope nasosinusitis<br />

2 :nasal <strong>and</strong> nasethmoid nasopalatine nasolabial<br />

-nasty n combining form - G -nastie, fr. Gk nastos closepressed,<br />

firm + G -ie -y : nastic movement <strong>of</strong> a plant part in<br />

a specified direction, <strong>of</strong> a specified kind, or resulting from<br />

a specified class <strong>of</strong> stimulus epinasty nyctinasty thermonasty<br />

natr- or natro- combining form G, fr. natron, fr. F 1 :natron<br />

2:sodium natrium natrolite natrophilite<br />

ne- or neo- combining form Gk, fr. neos new 1 a : new : recent<br />

neologism neophyte b :a new <strong>and</strong> different period or<br />

form <strong>of</strong> something as a faith, school, or language <strong>of</strong>ten<br />

joined to the second element with a hyphen Neo-Latin<br />

neo-Chippendale Neo-Darwinism Neo-platonism c :<strong>of</strong><br />

recent forms opposed to pale- neobotanist neobotany<br />

neontology d :neozoic opposed to pale- Neocrinoidea<br />

Neolithic e : imitation : pseudo f : the New World<br />

Nearctic Neotropical g :an immature form ne<strong>of</strong>etus h<br />

: a more recently developed part as <strong>of</strong> a plant or animal<br />

neomorph i :an abnormal new formation neoplasm 2 a<br />

: the one among several isomeric hydrocarbons that has been<br />

recently classified <strong>and</strong> contains at least one carbon atom connected<br />

directly with four other carbon atoms neohexane <br />

compare - b:a new chemical compound isomeric with or otherwise<br />

related to the one to whose name it is prefixed neoarsphenamine<br />

3 :the latest subdivision <strong>of</strong> a division <strong>of</strong> geologic<br />

time Neopaleozoic distinguished from mes- <strong>and</strong> eonecr-<br />

or necro- combining form LL, fr. Gk nekr-, nekro-, fr.<br />

nekros dead body, dead person 1 a : those that are dead : the<br />

dead : corpses necrophilism b :one that is dead : corpse<br />

necropsy 2 :death necrobiosis : conversion to dead tissue<br />

: atrophy necrosis 3 :extinct : fossil necrotype<br />

nect- or necto- combining form NL, fr. Gk nktos, fr. nchein<br />

to swim more at - : swimming : for swimming nectocalyx<br />

-nectae n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk nktai, pl. <strong>of</strong> nkts<br />

swimmer, fr. nchein to swim : ones that swim in a specified<br />

way taxonomic names in zoology Cystonectae<br />

-nectes n combining form NL, fr. Gk nkts swimmer, fr.<br />

nchein to swim more at - : one that swims in a<br />

specified way in generic names in zoology Chironectes<br />

nem- or nema- or nemo- combining form Gk NL NL nem-,<br />

nemo-, fr. Gk nma 1 :thread nemathecium Nemichthys<br />

Nemocera 2 :nematode nemacide nemic<br />

-nema n combining form, pl -nemata or -nemas NL, fr. Gk<br />

nma thread : one having, being, or resembling such a<br />

thread chromonema esp. in generic names in botany <strong>and</strong><br />

zoology Hyalonema Scytonema<br />

nemat- or nemato- combining form NL, fr. Gk nmat-, fr.<br />

nmat-, nma thread 1 :thread nematic Nematospora 2<br />

: nematode nematocide<br />

-neme n combining form - NL -nema : thread axoneme<br />

desmoneme<br />

nephel- or nephelo- combining form F néphél-, fr. Gk nephel-,<br />

nephelo-, fr. nephel 1 :cloud nephelognosy 2 :cloudiness<br />

nephelometer

---

nepho- 36<br />

occlus-<br />

nepho- combining form ISV, fr. Gk, fr. nephos : cloud nephology<br />

nephr- or nephro- combining form LL nephr- NL nephro-, fr.<br />

Gk nephr-, nephro-, fr. nephros 1 : kidney nephric nephrology<br />

2 :nephric <strong>and</strong> nephroabdominal nephrogastric<br />

-nephros also -nephron n combining form, pl -nephroi also<br />

-nephra NL, fr. Gk nephros : kidney pronephros<br />

nerv- or nervi- or nervo- combining form ME nerv-, fr. L, fr.<br />

nervus sinew, nerve 1 :nerve nervate nerviduct 2 :nervous<br />

<strong>and</strong> nervomuscular<br />

neso- combining form NL, fr. Gk nso-, fr. nsos akin to Gk<br />

nchein, nchesthai to swim, L nare : isl<strong>and</strong> Nesogaean<br />

-ness n suffix - ME -nes, -ness, -nesse, fr. OE -nes, -ness, -nyss,<br />

-nys akin to OS -nissi, -nussi -ness, MD -nisse, -nesse, OHG<br />

-nissa, -nass, -nuss, Goth -inassus -n-, -in- being orig. part <strong>of</strong><br />

the stem : state : condition : quality : degree goodness<br />

greatness sickness<br />

neur- or neuro- combining form neur- fr. Gk, nerve, sinew, fr.<br />

neuron neuro- fr. NL, fr. Gk, nerve, sinew, fr. neuron 1<br />

: neural tissue : nerve neuroanatomy neurosarcoma neurotrophy<br />

2 :neural neurectoderm neurocyte neuromalacia<br />

Neuroptera 3 : neural <strong>and</strong> neurocardiac neuropsychic<br />

neurovascular<br />

-neura n combining form, pl -neura NL, fr. Gk neuron nerve<br />

: one or ones having such nerves or veins in taxonomic<br />

names Dasyneura Streptoneura<br />

neutro- combining form LL, fr. L neutr-, neuter <strong>of</strong> neuter gender<br />

1 :neutral neutrophile neutroceptor 2 :neutrophil<br />

neutropenia<br />

niceno- combining form, usu cap Nicene : Nicene <strong>and</strong><br />

Niceno-Constantinopolitan<br />

nicotin- or nicotino- combining form nicotin- fr. nicotine<br />

nicotino- fr. nicotine + -o- 1 :nicotine : tobacco nicotinism<br />

nicotinophobe 2 nicotin- ISV, fr. nicotinic nicotino- ISV<br />

nicotin ic + -o- : nicotinic acid nicotinamide nicotinonitrile<br />

-nik n suffix - Yiddish, fr. Pol Ukrainian : one connected<br />

with or characterized by being peacenik neatnik<br />

nimbo- combining form NL nimbus : nimbus <strong>and</strong> nimbostratus<br />

nitr- or nitro- combining form L Gk L nitrum natron, fr. Gk<br />

nitron 1 :nitrate nitrobacteria nitrogen 2 :containing<br />

nitrogen in combined form esp. when derived from an acid<br />

as nitric acid nitramide nitrohydrochloric acid<br />

noci- combining form L nocre to hurt, harm + E -i- : pain<br />

nociperception<br />

noct- or nocti- or nocto- combining form noct- fr. NL, fr. L<br />

noct-, nox nocti- fr. L, fr. noct-, nox nocto- fr. noct- + -o-<br />

: night : during the night noctambulation noctiflorous<br />

noctovision<br />

nomo- combining form Gk, fr. nomos : usage : law nomology<br />

-nomy n combining form - ME -nomie, fr. OF, fr. L -nomia,<br />

fr. Gk, fr. -nomos distributing, arranging + -ia -y akin to Gk<br />

nemein to distribute, manage : system <strong>of</strong> laws governing or<br />

sum <strong>of</strong> knowledge regarding a specified field astronomy<br />

agronomy<br />

non- prefix ME, fr. MF, fr. L non not, fr. OL noenum, fr. nenot<br />

+ oinom, neut. <strong>of</strong> oinos one : not : reverse <strong>of</strong> : absence <strong>of</strong><br />

nonacademic nonconformity nonbreakable nonproductive<br />

nonintervention non-Arabic non-Mormon<br />

nonrush hours<br />

non- or nona- combining form L non-, fr. nonus ninth : ninth<br />

: nine nonagon nonane<br />

noo- combining form LGk noo-, fr. Gk noos, nous : mind<br />

nooscopic<br />

nor- combining form ISV, fr. normal 1 :parent compound<br />

from which a specified compound may be regarded as<br />

derived as by removal <strong>of</strong> side chains from a ring system <br />

esp. in names <strong>of</strong> terpenes norbornane 2 :compound <strong>of</strong> normal<br />

structure isomeric with the one to the name <strong>of</strong> which it<br />

is prefixed norleucine 3 :homologue lower by one methylene<br />

group esp. in names <strong>of</strong> steroids <strong>and</strong> alkaloids norcholane<br />

nornicotine<br />

norm- or normo- combining form ISV, fr. normal : normal<br />

normergy normoblast normotension<br />

nos- or noso- combining form prob. fr. LL noso-, fr. Gk nos-,<br />

noso-, fr. nosos : disease nosetiology nosogeography<br />

not- or noto- combining form NL, fr. Gk nt-, nto-, fr. ntos,<br />

nton back : back : back part notochord notalgia<br />

not- or noto- combining form NL, fr. Gk notos south wind,<br />

south, southwest akin to Gk noteros damp : south : southern<br />

Notalian Nototherium<br />

-not adv combining form not : not cannot<br />

noth- or notho- combining form NL, fr. Gk noth-, notho-, fr.<br />

nothos bastard, spurious, born <strong>of</strong> unequal parents : bastard<br />

: spurious : hybrid Notharctus Nothosaurus<br />

-notus n combining form NL, fr. Gk ntos, nton back : one<br />

having a specified kind <strong>of</strong> back in generic names <strong>of</strong> animals<br />

Camponotus Pycnonotus<br />

nov- or novo- combining form L novus new : new<br />

Novanglian<br />

-nt or -nt adv combining form by contr. : not isnt neednt<br />

cant<br />

nucle- or nucleo- also nuclei- combining form F nuclé-, nucléo-,<br />

nucléi-, fr. NL nucleus 1 :nucleus : nuclear nucle<strong>of</strong>ugal<br />

nucleon nucleiform nucleogony 2 : nucleic acid<br />

nucleoprotein<br />

nucleol- or nucleolo- combining form ISV, fr. NL nucleolus<br />

: nucleolus nucleolocentrosome nucleoloid<br />

nudi- combining form LL, fr. L nudus naked : naked : bare<br />

Nudibranchia nudiped<br />

nulli- combining form LL, fr. L nullus : no : none : null nullifidian<br />

nulliform nulliparous<br />

nyct- or nycti- or nycto- combining form NL, fr. L, fr. Gk nykt-,<br />

nykti-, nykto-, fr. nykt-, nyx night : night Nyctanthes nyctitropic<br />

nyctophobia<br />

-nycteris n combining form NL, fr. Nycteris : bat in generic<br />

names<br />

nymph- or nympho- also nymphi- combining form F nymph-,<br />

fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. nymph 1 : nymph nympholepsy 2<br />

: nymphae nymphotomy nymphitis 3 : nymphaea<br />

nymphoides 4 :nympha nymphosis<br />

-nyxis n combining form, pl -nyxes NL, fr. Gk nyxis act <strong>of</strong><br />

pricking, <strong>of</strong> stabbing akin to Gk nyssein, nyttein to prick,<br />

sting : puncture pyronyxis scleronyxis<br />

o- or oo- combining form Gk i-, io-, fr. ion egg : egg oidium<br />

oology specif : ovum oogenesis oogonium<br />

-o n suffix - perh. fr. oh : one that is or that constitutes or<br />

that has the qualities <strong>of</strong> or that is in some way associated with<br />

boyo bucko chiefly in informal or nonst<strong>and</strong>ard<br />

speech <strong>of</strong>ten in place <strong>of</strong> the missing element in a shortened<br />

word compo combo in writing sometimes attached to its<br />

base by a hyphen daddy-o or sometimes attached to the<br />

reduplicated final consonant <strong>of</strong> its base kiddo<br />

-o interj suffix prob. fr. oh in interjections formed from<br />

other parts <strong>of</strong> speech cheerio righto, esp. imitative words<br />

smacko bango<br />

-oate n suffix - -o ic + -ate : salt or ester <strong>of</strong> a carboxylic acid<br />

with a name ending in -oic caproate octanoate<br />

ob- prefix ME, fr. OF, fr. L, to, toward, against, over, completely,<br />

fr. ob to, before, against, on account <strong>of</strong> more at<br />

- 1 :inward obimbricate 2 :incompletely obrotund<br />

obround 3 : in reverse order obdiplostemonous 4<br />

: inverse obovate obconic obcordate<br />

obtusi- combining form NL, fr. L obtusus, past part. : obtusely<br />

obtusirostrate obtusifolious<br />

occipit- or occipito- combining form ML occipit- NL occipito-,<br />

fr. L occipit-, occiput 1 :occiput occipitad 2 :occipital<br />

<strong>and</strong> occipitonasal<br />

occlus- or occluso- combining form prob. fr. assumed NL occlus-,<br />

fr. L occlusus, past part. <strong>of</strong> occludere to occlude 1 :occlusion<br />

occlusal occlusometer 2 :occlusal <strong>and</strong> occlusogingival

---

-ock 37<br />

-one<br />

-ock n suffix - ME -oc, -ok, fr. OE -uc, -oc : small one bittock<br />

lassock<br />

octa- or octo- also oct- combining form Gk okta-, okt-, okt- fr.<br />

okt L octo-, oct- fr. octo 1 : eight Octacnemus<br />

octamerous octoploid octose 2 : containing eight<br />

atoms, groups, or equivalents octaacetate<br />

ocul- or oculo- combining form L ocul-, fr. oculus 1 :eye oculomotor<br />

2 :ocular <strong>and</strong> oculauditory ocul<strong>of</strong>acial<br />

-ode n combining form - F, fr. Gk -ds, prob. fr. the stem <strong>of</strong><br />

ozein to smell : thing that resembles placode<br />

-ode n combining form - Gk -odos, fr. hodos 1 :way : path<br />

: road electrode 2 :electrode diode<br />

-odea n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk -ds -ode : animals<br />

belonging to or resembling in names <strong>of</strong> higher taxa as<br />

orders, suborders Blattodea Embiodea<br />

-odes n combining form NL, fr. Gk -ds -ode : animal or<br />

plant resembling in generic names Goniodes<br />

-odon n combining form - NL, fr. Gk odn tooth : animal<br />

having teeth <strong>of</strong> a specified kind chiefly in the names <strong>of</strong><br />

genera in zoology Iguanodon mastodon<br />

odont- or odonto- combining form F, fr. Gk, fr. odont-, odn<br />

: tooth odontitis odontocete odontogeny odontology<br />

odontorrhagia<br />

-odont adj combining form Gk odont-, odn tooth : having or<br />

being teeth <strong>of</strong> a specified nature heterodont lophodont<br />

-odonta n combining form, pl -odonta NL, fr. Gk odont-, odn<br />

tooth : animal or animals having teeth <strong>of</strong> a specified nature<br />

in names <strong>of</strong> zoological taxa Bunodonta Creodonta<br />

Heterodonta Labyrinthodonta<br />

-odontes n combining form, pl -odontes NL, fr. Gk odontes, pl.<br />

<strong>of</strong> odn tooth : animal or animals having teeth <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

nature in names <strong>of</strong> zoological taxa Gymnodontes<br />

Priodontes<br />

-odontia n combining form, pl -odontia NL, fr. Gk odont-,<br />

odn tooth : animal or animals having teeth <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

nature in taxonomic names in zoology Anomodontia<br />

Aplodontia Dicynodontia<br />

-odontia n combining form - NL, fr. odont- + -ia : form, condition,<br />

or mode <strong>of</strong> treatment <strong>of</strong> the teeth macrodontia<br />

saprodontia orthodontia compare -<br />

-odonty n combining form - odont- + -y : condition <strong>of</strong> having<br />

a specified type <strong>of</strong> tooth formation chiefly in terms<br />

employed in anthropometry selenodonty<br />

-odus n combining form NL, -odont-, -odus, fr. Gk odont-,<br />

odous tooth : animal having teeth <strong>of</strong> a specified kind in<br />

generic names in zoology Gyrodus<br />

-ody n combining form - Gk -dia, fr. -ds -ode + -ia -y<br />

: process <strong>of</strong> becoming like : metamorphosis into something<br />

specified chiefly in botanical terms sepalody<br />

-odynia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk, state <strong>of</strong> pain, fr. odyn<br />

pain + -ia -y : pain crymodynia neurodynia omodynia<br />

-odynic adj combining form<br />

-oecia n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk oikia building, house,<br />

dwelling, fr. oikos house + -ia -y : plants <strong>of</strong> a specified type<br />

in names <strong>of</strong> botanical taxa Monoecia Dioecia<br />

oen- or oeno- also en- or eno- combining form L oen-, oeno-, fr.<br />

Gk oin-, oino-, fr. oinos : wine oenin oenology oenopoetic<br />

-oholic n combining form - : -<br />

-oic adj suffix -o- + -ic : containing carboxyl or a derivative <strong>of</strong><br />

it in names <strong>of</strong> acids <strong>and</strong> related compounds caproic<br />

hexoic naphthoic esp : containing carboxyl in place <strong>of</strong><br />

methyl hexanoicacid<br />

-oid n suffix - L -odes, fr. -odes, adj. suffix : something<br />

resembling a specified object or having a specified quality<br />

cylindroid globoid hyperboloid<br />

-oid adj suffix MF -ode L -odes, fr. Gk -oeids, fr. -o- +<br />

-eids, fr. eidos form, shape, kind : resembling : having the<br />

form or appearance <strong>of</strong> asbestoid Caucasoid crystalloid<br />

granitoid intellectualoid<br />

-oidal adj suffix -oid + -al : - asbestoidal<br />

-oidea or -oida or -oidei n pl suffix -oidea, NL, fr. L -odes -oid<br />

+ -ea, neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -eus -eous -oida, NL, fr. L -odes -oidei, NL,<br />

fr. L -odes + -ei, masc. pl. <strong>of</strong> -eus -eous : animals characterized<br />

by or <strong>of</strong> the nature <strong>of</strong> in names <strong>of</strong> higher taxa in zoology<br />

Echinoidea Hydroida Ganoidei<br />

-oin n suffix - ISV -o- + -in : acyloin acetoin<br />

-ol n suffix - ISV, fr. alcohol : chemical compound containing<br />

hydroxyl hydrol esp. in names <strong>of</strong> alcohols <strong>and</strong> phenols<br />

glycerol methanol cresol<br />

-ol also -ole n combining form - ISV, fr. L oleum oil : hydrocarbon<br />

<strong>of</strong> the benzene series esp. in a commercial mixture<br />

containing homologous hydrocarbons xylol not used<br />

systematically compare -<br />

ole- or oleo- also olei- combining form F olé-, oléo-, fr. L ole-,<br />

fr. oleum 1 :oil oleiferous olein oleograph oleocyst<br />

2 a olein oleo-di-stearin b :oleic acid oleoyl<br />

-ole also -ol n combining form - ISV, fr. L oleum oil 1<br />

: chemical compound containing a five-membered ring usu.<br />

heterocyclic imidazole pyrrole 2 usu -ole : chemical compound<br />

not containing hydroxyl esp. in names <strong>of</strong> several<br />

ethers anisole phenetole<br />

-ole n suffix - F, fr. L -olus, -olum, -ola, dim. suffix : little<br />

one veniole<br />

-olic adj suffix ISV -ol + -ic 1 :containing a triple bond in<br />

names <strong>of</strong> acids propiolic acid 2 :containing hydroxyl <strong>and</strong><br />

carboxyl in names <strong>of</strong> hydroxy acids oleanolicacid<br />

olig- or oligo- combining form ML, fr. Gk, fr. oligos akin to<br />

Gk loigos ruin, havoc, OIr lach miserable, unhappy, Lith liga<br />

sickness, Arm akat poor, scant, <strong>and</strong> perh. to Gk liazesthai to<br />

bend, recoil, sink 1 : few Oligochaeta oligogene<br />

oligomyodian : few things oligophagous 2 med : deficiency<br />

: insufficiency oligochromemia oliguria 3 :little<br />

: small oligolecithal<br />

om- or omo- combining form MF omo-, fr. Gk m-, mo-, fr.<br />

mos 1 :shoulder omarthritis 2 :<strong>of</strong> or relating to the<br />

shoulder <strong>and</strong> omohyoid<br />

-oma n suffix, pl -omas or -omata L -omat-, -oma, fr. Gk<br />

-mat-, -ma 1 : tumor <strong>of</strong> a specified kind adenoma<br />

melanoma hygroma or consisting predominantly <strong>of</strong> a<br />

specified kind <strong>of</strong> cell or tissue fibroma myoma myelocytoma<br />

or occurring in a specified organ nephroma 2<br />

: -<br />

ombro- combining form Gk, fr. ombros : rain ombrology<br />

-ome n suffix - NL -omat-, -oma, fr. L -omat-, -oma -oma<br />

: abstract entity : group : mass : stem caulome mestome<br />

oment- or omento- combining form omentum : omentum<br />

omentitis omentopexy<br />

-omma n combining form NL -ommat-, -omma, fr. Gk ommat-,<br />

omma eye akin to Gk ps eye : one having such an eye or<br />

such or so many eyes in generic names in zoology<br />

Loxomma<br />

omn- or omni- combining form ME omni-, fr. MF, fr. L, fr.<br />

omnis all : all : universal : universally : without restriction<br />

omnimeter omnipresent omnist<br />

omphal- or omphalo- combining form Gk, fr. omphalos 1<br />

: umbilicus omphaloid omphaloskepsis 2 :umbilical <strong>and</strong><br />

omphalomesenteric<br />

-on n suffix - ISV, alter. <strong>of</strong> -one : chemical compound not a<br />

ketone or other oxo compound nervon sometimes distinguished<br />

from -one<br />

-on n suffix - fr. -on in anion, cation, ion 1 :elementary<br />

particle nucleon 2 a : unit : quantum magneton photon<br />

b :basic hereditary component cistron operon<br />

-on n suffix - NL, fr. Gk, neut. <strong>of</strong> -os nom. sing. masc. ending<br />

<strong>of</strong> many adjectives : inert gas radon<br />

onc- or onco- also onch- or oncho- or onci- combining form NL,<br />

fr. Gk onkos barbed hook 1 :barb : hook Oncorhynchus<br />

Oncidium onchium Onchocerca 2 :barbed Oncicola<br />

onco- or oncho- combining form NL, fr. Gk onkos bulk, mass<br />

akin to Gk enenkein to carry 1 :tumor oncology 2 :bulk<br />

: mass onchosphere oncometer<br />

-one n suffix - ISV, fr. Gk -n fem. patronymic suffix 1<br />

: ketone or oxo compound not a true ketone in names <strong>of</strong>

---

oneir- 38<br />

ornith-<br />

specific organic compounds acetone pentanone 5-pyrazolone<br />

2 :chemical compound containing oxygen esp. in a<br />

carbonyl or analogous group as sulfonyl in names <strong>of</strong><br />

classes <strong>of</strong> compounds ketone lactone sulfone 3 :-<br />

oneir- or oneiro- also onir- or oniro- combining form Gk oneir-,<br />

oneiro-, fr. oneiros, oneiron akin to Arm anurǰ dream : dream<br />

oneirology<br />

-onic adj suffix ISV, fr. -onic in gluconic acid : containing<br />

carboxyl esp. when formed by oxidizing the aldehyde group<br />

<strong>of</strong> an aldose sugar aldonicacid hexonicacid lactonic<br />

-onium n suffix - ISV, fr. NL ammonium : an ion having a<br />

positive charge in names <strong>of</strong> complex cations containing<br />

hydrogen or one or more organic radicals coordinated to a<br />

central atom oxonium phosphonium sulfonium compare<br />

- 1b<br />

onomato- combining form LL, fr. Gk, fr. onomat-, onoma<br />

: name : word onomatomania<br />

ont- or onto- combining form NL, fr. LGk onto-, fr. Gk ont-,<br />

n, pres. part. <strong>of</strong> einai to be 1 :being : existence ontic 2<br />

: individual living thing : living organism ontogeny<br />

-ont n combining form - Gk ont-, n, pres. part. <strong>of</strong> einai to be<br />

: cell : organism gamont<br />

onych- or onycho- combining form L onych-, fr. Gk onych-,<br />

onycho-, fr. onych-, onyx : nail <strong>of</strong> the finger or toe onychauxis<br />

: claw Onychophora<br />

-onychia n combining form - NL, fr. onych- + -ia : condition<br />

<strong>of</strong> the nails <strong>of</strong> the fingers or toes leukonychia<br />

-onychium n combining form - NL, fr. Gk onychion little claw<br />

: fingernail : toenail : region <strong>of</strong> the fingernail or toenail<br />

eponychium hyponychium<br />

-onym n combining form - ME -onyme, fr. L -onymum, fr. Gk<br />

-nymon, fr. neut. <strong>of</strong> -nymos, adj. comb. form as in<br />

homnymos having the same name : name : word allonym<br />

hyponym<br />

-onymy n combining form - L -onymia, fr. Gk -nymia, fr.<br />

-nymos as in homnymos + -ia -y 1 :kind <strong>of</strong> name or word<br />

: kind or set <strong>of</strong> names or words hydronymy 2 :study <strong>of</strong> a<br />

specified kind <strong>of</strong> names or words anthroponymy<br />

-onyx n combining form NL, fr. Gk onych-, onyx nail <strong>of</strong> the finger<br />

or toe, claw : one having such nails or claws chiefly<br />

in generic names <strong>of</strong> animals Coleonyx<br />

oophor- or oophoro- combining form NL oophoron : ovary<br />

: ovarian oophorectomy oophorotomy<br />

-ope n combining form - F, fr. LL -op-, -ops having such<br />

eyes, fr. Gk p-, ps eye, face : one having eyes with a specified<br />

defect hypermetrope<br />

operculi- combining form NL operculum : operculum operculiferous<br />

operculiform<br />

ophi- or ophio- combining form Gk, fr. ophis snake 1 :snake<br />

: serpent ophiophagous ophiolatrous 2 a : thing suggesting<br />

a snake ophicalcite b :being or resembling a snake in<br />

respect to a specified structure or quality ophiocephalus<br />

-ophis n combining form Gk ophis snake : snake : serpent <br />

in generic names esp. in herpetology Hydrophis<br />

ophthalm- or ophthalmo- combining form Gk, fr. ophthalmos<br />

eye 1 :eye : eyeball ophthalmotomy ophthalmectomy 2<br />

: <strong>of</strong> or affecting the eyes ophthalmocarcinoma ophthalmalgia<br />

-ophthalma or -ophthalmia n pl combining form -ophthalma,<br />

NL, fr. Gk, neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> adj. comb. form -ophthalmos having a<br />

specified eye, fr. ophthalmos -ophthalmia, NL, fr. Gk ophthalmos<br />

+ NL -ia : ones having a specified eye used in<br />

higher taxa esp. <strong>of</strong> arthropods Edriophthalma<br />

Podophthalmia<br />

-ophthalmia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk, fr. ophthalmos<br />

eye + -ia -y : condition <strong>of</strong> having such eyes microphthalmia<br />

-ophthalmus n combining form NL, fr. Gk -opthalmos, fr. ophthalmos<br />

eye 1 :one having a specified kind <strong>of</strong> eye in<br />

generic names usu. <strong>of</strong> arthropods Megophthalmus 2 -<br />

: eyes <strong>of</strong> a specified form or in a specified state megalophthalmus<br />

-opia n combining form NL, fr. Gk -pia, fr. ps eye, face + -ia<br />

-y 1 also -opy pl -opias also -opies NL -opia a :vision<br />

: condition <strong>of</strong> having such vision diplopia amblyopy b<br />

: possession <strong>of</strong> an eye or eyes with a specified defect<br />

anopia 2 :one having a specified kind <strong>of</strong> eye in generic<br />

names in zoology Heteropia<br />

opio- combining form Gk opion opium : opium opiomania<br />

opiophagous<br />

opisth- or opistho- combining form Gr, fr. opisthen, opithen<br />

behind, in the rear akin to Gk epi on, upon more at -<br />

1:having something specified located dorsally or posteriorly<br />

opisthotic opisth<strong>and</strong>ric 2 : dorsal or posterior<br />

opisthaptor opisthodome<br />

opo- combining form Gk, fr. opos : juice : sap opotherapy<br />

oppositi- combining form L oppositus : situated opposite : having<br />

the corresponding parts opposite oppositifolious<br />

oppositisepalous<br />

-ops n combining form Gk -p-, -ps, fr. p-, ps eye, face 1 pl<br />

-ops or -opses : organism with a specified kind <strong>of</strong> eye or face<br />

chiefly in generic names megalops Stylops Selenops<br />

2 : organism resembling a specified thing in generic<br />

names usu. combined with the names <strong>of</strong> other genera<br />

Echinops Dryobalanops<br />

-opsia or -opsy n combining form, pl -opsias or -opsies -opsia<br />

fr. NL, fr. Gk, fr. opsis appearance, vision + -ia -y -opsy fr. Gk<br />

-opsia more at -opsis : vision <strong>of</strong> a specified kind or condition<br />

anopsia hemiopsia<br />

-opsis n combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. opsis appearance,<br />

vision 1 a : organism resembling or having a part that resembles<br />

a specified thing in generic names Chilopsis<br />

Ampelopsis b pl -opses : structure resembling a specified<br />

thing caryopsis 2 pl -opses : -<br />

opson- or opsono- combining form opsonin : opsonin opsonic<br />

opsonotherapy opsonophilic<br />

-opsy n combining form - Gk -opsia 1 :- 2 :examination<br />

biopsy<br />

optico- combining form F, fr. Gk optikos 1 : optical <strong>and</strong><br />

opticochemical 2 :relating or belonging to the eye : ocular<br />

opticopupillary 3 : optic <strong>and</strong> supraopticohypophyseal<br />

opticochiasmatic<br />

-opticon n combining form - stereopticon : stereopticon<br />

panopticon sciopticon<br />

opto- combining form Gk optos, verbal <strong>of</strong> opsesthai to be going<br />

to see 1 :vision optometer 2 :eye optoblast optotype<br />

3:optic : optic <strong>and</strong> optokinetic optocoele<br />

-or n suffix - ME -or, -our, fr. OF -eor, -eur L -or OF -eor,<br />

-eur, partly fr. L -or partly fr. L -ator, fr. -atus -ate + -or : one<br />

that does a specified thing grantor alternator occlusor<br />

elevator<br />

-or n suffix - ME -or, -our, fr. OF -eur, fr. L -or : condition<br />

: activity demeanor<br />

ore- or oreo- combining form L, fr. Gk, fr. ore-, oros mountain,<br />

hill : mountain Oreophasis Oreortyx Oreamnos <br />

compare -<br />

-orexia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk orexis desire, appetite,<br />

longing + L -ia -y : desire : appetite cynorexia parorexia<br />

organ- or organo- combining form ME, fr. ML, fr. L organum<br />

1 a : organ organelle organogenesis organonymy b<br />

: organic substance or life organogenic 2 a : organic<br />

: organic <strong>and</strong> organochemical organomineral b<br />

: organometallic organotin organoarsenic organophosphorus<br />

ori- combining form MF, fr. LL, fr. L or-, os mouth 1 :mouth<br />

orifice 2 :mouth <strong>and</strong> orifacial<br />

-orial adj suffix ME -oriale, fr. L -orius -ory + ME -ale -al : <strong>of</strong>,<br />

belonging to, or connected with gressorial insessorial<br />

-orium n suffix, pl -oriums or -oria L, fr. neut. <strong>of</strong> -orius -ory 1<br />

: place for natatorium 2 :thing used for haustorium<br />

-ornis n combining form, pl -ornithes NL, fr. Gk ornis : bird<br />

Heliornis Archaeornithes<br />

ornith- or ornitho- combining form L, fr. Gk, fr. ornith-, ornis<br />

: bird ornithichnite ornithography

---

oro- 39<br />

-oyl<br />

oro- combining form Gk oros mountain : mountain orography<br />

orogenesis orophyte : elevation orometer<br />

oro- combining form L or-, os mouth : mouth oropharynx<br />

: mouth <strong>and</strong> or<strong>of</strong>acial<br />

orth- or ortho- combining form ME, fr. MF, straight, right,<br />

true, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. orthos akin to Goth gawrisqan to bring<br />

fruit, Skt rdhva upright, high, vardhate he increases 1 a<br />

: straight : upright : vertical orthoceras orthal orthograde<br />

orthosymmetric b :exact : parallel orthodiagram<br />

ortho-cousin orthodome 2 :correct : corrective orthometry<br />

orthodontia 3 :an acid in the highest hydrated or<br />

hydroxylated form known either in the free state or in salts or<br />

esters orthoarsenic acid orth<strong>of</strong>ormic acid compare<br />

- 4b, - 2a 4 :derived from igneous rock in the<br />

name <strong>of</strong> a metamorphic rock orthogneiss orthosite compare<br />

-<br />

-ory n suffix - ME -orie, fr. L -orium, fr. neut. <strong>of</strong> -orius, adj.<br />

suffix : one that relates to or is used for: as a :place <strong>of</strong> or<br />

for reformatory observatory b :something that serves for<br />

crematory<br />

-ory adj suffix ME -orie, -oire, fr. MF L MF -orie -oire, fr.<br />

OF, fr. L -orius 1 :<strong>of</strong>, relating to, or characterized by observatory<br />

gustatory 2 :containing, involving, or conveying<br />

amendatory compulsory 3 :serving for, producing, or<br />

maintaining classificatory equilibratory justificatory<br />

oryct- or orycto- combining form NL, fr. Gk oryktos formed by<br />

digging, dug, verbal <strong>of</strong> orychein, oryssein to dig : fossil : mineral<br />

oryctology oryctognosy<br />

oryz- or oryzo- also oryzi- combining form NL, fr. L oryza rice,<br />

fr. Gk : rice oryzivorous Oryzomys<br />

-ose adj suffix ME, fr. L -osus : full <strong>of</strong> : having : possessing<br />

the qualities <strong>of</strong> cladose<br />

-ose n suffix - F, fr. glucose 1 :carbohydrate amylose esp<br />

: sugar fructose pentose 2 :primary hydrolysis product<br />

proteose<br />

-ose n suffix - NL -osis : - 4 chytridiose<br />

-oside n suffix - ISV -ose + -ide : glycoside or similar compound<br />

ganglioside heteroside compare - 2b<br />

-osis n suffix, pl -oses or -osises ME, fr. L, fr. Gk -sis, fr. --<br />

medial vowel characteristic <strong>of</strong> derivatives <strong>of</strong> certain verbs +<br />

-sis 1 a : action : process : condition hypnosis b :abnormal<br />

or diseased condition leukosis 2 :increase : formation<br />

leukocytosis 3 : arrangement pterylosis 4 NL, fr. L<br />

: disease caused by a specified fungus chytridiosis<br />

osm- or osmo- combining form NL, fr. Gk osm-, fr. osm 1<br />

: odor : smell Osmorhiza 2 a : osmium osmic b osmo-<br />

: osmous osmocyanide<br />

-osma n combining form NL, fr. Gk osm : one having such an<br />

odor in generic names <strong>of</strong> plants Barosma Coprosma<br />

osmo- combining form osmose : osmosis : osmotic osmometer<br />

-osphresia also -osphrasia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk<br />

osphrsis sense <strong>of</strong> smell Gk osphrasia odor akin to Gk<br />

ozein to smell : sense <strong>of</strong> smell anosphresia anosphrasia<br />

osse- or osseo- combining form L osse- in osseus 1 :bone<br />

ossein 2 :osseous <strong>and</strong> osseocartilaginous<br />

ossi- combining form L, fr. oss-, os : bone ossific<br />

-ost n combining form - Gk osteon : bone actinost<br />

oste- or osteo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. osteon : bone<br />

osteal osteomyelitis<br />

osteochondr- or osteochondro- combining form ISV oste- +<br />

chondr- : bone <strong>and</strong> cartilage osteochondropathy<br />

osteochrondrous<br />

-osteon n combining form - NL, fr. Gk osteon bone : bone<br />

: bone part lophosteon<br />

-osteus n combining form NL, fr. Gk osteon bone : one having<br />

such a bone or bones in generic names esp. <strong>of</strong> fishes<br />

Coccosteus<br />

-ostosis n combining form, pl -ostoses or -ostosises NL, fr.<br />

Gk -ostsis, fr. osteon bone + -sis -osis : ossification <strong>of</strong> a<br />

specified part or to a specified degree hyperostosis<br />

ectostosis<br />

ostrac- or ostraco- combining form NL, fr. Gk ostrak-, ostrako-,<br />

fr. ostrakon : shell Ostracoidea Ostracophori<br />

-ostraca n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk -ostraka neut. pl. <strong>of</strong><br />

-ostrakos, fr. ostrakon shell : ones having such a shell in<br />

names <strong>of</strong> taxa chiefly <strong>of</strong> crustaceans Arthrostraca<br />

Conchostraca<br />

ostre- or ostrei- or ostreo- combining form L ostre-, fr. ostrea<br />

: oyster ostreiform ostreoid ostreophagous<br />

ot- or oto- combining form Gk t-, to-, fr. t-, ous : ear otitis<br />

otology otoscope otosteal : ear <strong>and</strong> otolaryngology<br />

-ote n suffix - L Gk L -otes, fr. Gk -ts : inhabitant<br />

: native Capriote<br />

-otic adj suffix Gk -tikos, fr. -tos, suffix used to form adjectives<br />

derived fr. certain verbs -ts, suffix used to form<br />

agent nouns derived fr. certain verbs + -ikos -ic 1 a : <strong>of</strong>, relating<br />

to, or characterized by a specified action, process, or<br />

condition holocoenotic b :having an abnormal or diseased<br />

condition <strong>of</strong> a specified kind aphosphorotic 2 :showing<br />

an increase or a formation <strong>of</strong> something specified leukocytotic<br />

3 :<strong>of</strong>, relating to, or characterized by having a disease<br />

caused by a specified fungus blastomycotic <strong>of</strong>ten used<br />

to form adjectives corresponding to nouns in -osis<br />

-otic adj combining form Gk tikos <strong>of</strong> the ear 1 :<strong>of</strong> or relating<br />

to a specified part <strong>of</strong> the ear epiotic entotic 2 a : <strong>of</strong><br />

or relating to an area having a specified spatial relationship<br />

to the ear parotic periotic b :<strong>of</strong> or relating to a bone having<br />

a specified spatial relationship to the ear prootic<br />

sphenotic<br />

-ous adj suffix ME, partly fr. OF -ous, -os, -eus, -eux, fr. L<br />

-osus partly fr. L -us final portion <strong>of</strong> the nom. sing. masc.<br />

form <strong>of</strong> adjectives such as fatuus foolish, fuscus brown 1<br />

: full <strong>of</strong> : abounding in : having : possessing the qualities <strong>of</strong><br />

clamorous glamorous cystous lymphous 2 :having a<br />

valence lower than in compounds or ions named with an<br />

adjective ending in -ic ferrousiron sulfurousacid compare<br />

- -ously adv suffix<br />

out- prefix ME, fr. out, adv. : in a manner that goes beyond,<br />

surpasses, or excels outdance outfight outrun outbluff<br />

outmaneuver<br />

ov- or ovi- or ovo- combining form L ov-, ovi-, fr. ovum 1 a<br />

: egg ovejector oviform ovomucoid b :ovum ovocyte<br />

ovogenesis 2 :ovally ovo-elliptic<br />

ovari- or ovario- also ovar- combining form NL, fr. ovarium 1<br />

: ovary ovaritis ovariectomy ovariotomy 2 :ovarian<br />

<strong>and</strong> ovario-abdominal<br />

ox- or oxo- combining form F, fr. oxygène oxygen : containing<br />

oxygen esp. in the names <strong>of</strong> various cyclic compounds<br />

oxazole<br />

ox- combining form by shortening : - oxamide<br />

oxa- or ox- combining form ISV, fr. ox- + -a- : containing oxygen<br />

in place <strong>of</strong> carbon or regarded as in place <strong>of</strong> carbon usu.<br />

in place <strong>of</strong> the methylene group CH 10H-9-oxaanthracene<br />

oxazacycloheptane compare -, oxal-<br />

or oxalo- combining form F, fr. acide oxalique oxalic<br />

acid : related to oxalic acid oxalamide oxalosuccinic<br />

oxido- combining form ISV, fr. oxide 1 :oxide specif : -<br />

in names <strong>of</strong> organic chemical compounds oxidoethane 2<br />

: oxidation oxidoreduction<br />

oxo- combining form ox- : containing oxygen as a doubly<br />

coordinated group dioxouranium VI UO ++ <br />

oxy- combining form ME, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. oxys akin to Gk<br />

achn chaff 1 :sharp : keen : pointed : acute oxyaster<br />

oxycephaly oxydactyl oxyrhynchous 2 :quick oxytocic<br />

3 :acid oxyphytic oxyphile<br />

oxy- combining form F, fr. oxygène oxygen 1 a : containing<br />

oxygen or additional oxygen oxycellulose oxyhemoglobin<br />

b:containing oxygen in the form <strong>of</strong> an oxide oxychloride<br />

2:- not used systematically oxynaphthoic 3<br />

: <strong>of</strong> oxygen <strong>and</strong> oxyhydrogen<br />

-oyl n combining form - ISV -o- as in -oic + -yl : acid radical<br />

used in the system <strong>of</strong> nomenclature adopted by the

---

ozon- 40<br />

-pathy<br />

International Union <strong>of</strong> Pure <strong>and</strong> Applied Chemistry in names<br />

<strong>of</strong> radicals derived from acids whose names end in -oic<br />

decanoyl <strong>and</strong> also most other organic acids oleoyl<br />

phthaloyl compare -<br />

ozon- or ozono- combining form ISV, fr. ozone : ozone<br />

ozonize<br />

pachy- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. pachys akin to ON<br />

bingr heap, Latvian bìezs dense, thick, Av bazah high, deep,<br />

Skt bahu dense, much, many : thick Pachydermata<br />

pachytene pachymeter<br />

paed- or paedo- or ped- or pedo- also paid- or paido- combining<br />

form Gk paid-, paido-, fr. paid-, pais child, boy : child paedomorphism<br />

paedobaptism : <strong>of</strong>fspring paedogenesis<br />

-pagus n combining form, pl -pagi NL, fr. Gk pagos something<br />

fixed, rock, frost : monster with a specified type <strong>of</strong> fixation<br />

craniopagus<br />

palato- combining form L palatum palate 1 :palate : <strong>of</strong> the<br />

palate palatogram palatoplegia 2 :palatal <strong>and</strong> palatodental<br />

pale- or paleo- or palae- or palaeo- also palaio- combining form<br />

Gk palai-, palaio-, fr. palaios old, ancient, fr. palai long ago<br />

akin to Gk tle far, far <strong>of</strong>f, Skt carama last, outermost 1 a<br />

: remote in point <strong>of</strong> time Paleocene b :involving ancient<br />

forms or conditions paleoclimate c : <strong>of</strong> ancient origin<br />

: ancestral Paleo-Eskimo d :dealing with ancient or fossil<br />

forms paleobotany 2 :early : primitive : archaic paleoanthropic<br />

palaeotypography 3 :Old World Paleotropical<br />

4:<strong>of</strong> pre-Tertiary origin in names <strong>of</strong> minerals paleopicrite<br />

pali- combining form Gk palin, pali again, back akin to Gk<br />

polos pivot, axis : pathological state characterized by repetition<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified act palilalia palirrhea<br />

pallidi- combining form L pallidus : pale pallidiflorous pallidipalpate<br />

pallido- combining form NL globus pallidus + -o- 1 :globus<br />

pallidus pallid<strong>of</strong>ugal 2 :pallidal <strong>and</strong> pallidohypothalamic<br />

pallio- combining form NL palli um + -o- 1 :pallium : sheet<br />

palliostratus 2 :pallial <strong>and</strong> paliocardiac<br />

palmat- or palmati- combining form LL palmatus palmate 1<br />

: palmate palmatic palmatiform 2 :palmately palmatifid<br />

palmi- combining form L, fr. palma palm 1 : palm tree<br />

palmicolous palmivorous 2 a : palmat- palmilobate<br />

palminerved b :with or on the palms palmigrade<br />

paludi- combining form LL, fr. L palud-, palus marsh : marsh<br />

paludicole<br />

pam- combining form NL, fr. Gk, alter. <strong>of</strong> pan- more at<br />

- : pan-<br />

or pano- combining form Gk, fr. pan, neut. <strong>of</strong> pas all,<br />

every akin to Skt śaśvat all, every, śvayati he swells 1 a : all<br />

: completely pancyclopedic panophobia pancultural<br />

pangenesis pantelegraph b <strong>of</strong>ten cap : all <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

group usu. joined to the second element with a hyphen<br />

pan-sectarian Pan-Asian Pan-Slavism 2 :whole : general<br />

panatrophy pancarditis panhysterectomy panesthesia<br />

pancreat- or pancreato- combining form NL, fr. Gk pankreat-,<br />

pankreas pancreas 1 :pancreas pancreatalgia : pancreas<br />

<strong>and</strong> pancreatoduodenectomy 2 :pancreatic pancreatism<br />

pancreatico- combining form ISV, fr. pancreatic 1 :pancreatic<br />

pancreaticogastrostomy 2 :pancreatic <strong>and</strong> pancreaticobiliary<br />

pancreaticoduodenal<br />

pant- or panto- also panta- combining form MF panto-, fr. L,<br />

fr. Gk pant-, panto-, fr. pant-, pas all, every more at -<br />

: - pantobase pantagraph pantophobia pantotype<br />

papill- or papillo- combining form F papill-, fr. L papilla nipple<br />

1 : papilla papilliferous papilliform 2 : papillary<br />

papilledema papilloma papilloretinitis 3 :papillomatous<br />

papillocarcinoma papillosarcoma<br />

papulo- combining form NL, fr. L papula 1 :papula papulopustular<br />

2 :papulous <strong>and</strong> papulosquamous papulovesicular<br />

papyro- combining form Gk, fr. papyros papyrus 1 :papyrus<br />

papyrology 2 :paper papyrograph<br />

para- or par- prefix ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. para akin to<br />

Gk pro before, ahead 1 a : beside : alongside <strong>of</strong> paracentral<br />

parabiosis parasynapsis b :parallel paraheliotropism<br />

c :parasitic parazoon d :associated in a subsidiary<br />

or accessory capacity paramilitary e :closely resembling<br />

the true form : almost esp. in names <strong>of</strong> diseases paratyphoid<br />

2 :isomeric with, polymeric with, or otherwise closely<br />

related to paraldehyde paracasein paraperiodic acid<br />

compare - 4a 3 :beyond : outside <strong>of</strong> parenteral 4<br />

a : faulty, irregular, or disordered condition : abnormal<br />

paralexia paranoia paraphrenia b :perversion parabulia<br />

paracanthosis c : abortive paracarpium parastyle<br />

5 :derived from an original sediment in the name <strong>of</strong><br />

a metamorphic rock paragneiss compare -<br />

para- combining form parachute 1 : specially trained or<br />

equipped for descent by parachute from airplanes<br />

parabomb paramarine paratrooper 2 :<strong>of</strong>, by, or in<br />

defense against armed parachutists paraspotter<br />

-para n combining form, pl -paras or -parae L, fr. parere to<br />

bring forth, bear young 1 :woman that has been delivered<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified number <strong>of</strong> children nullipara 2 :female<br />

that produces a specified kind or number <strong>of</strong> eggs or gives<br />

birth to a specified kind or number <strong>of</strong> young gynopara<br />

multipara<br />

parasit- or parasito- also parasiti- combining form ISV, fr. parasite<br />

: parasite parasitemia parasitophobia parasiticide<br />

pari- combining form ME, fr. MF, fr. ML, fr. L par : equal<br />

: equally paridigitate<br />

parieto- combining form parietal : parietal <strong>and</strong> pariet<strong>of</strong>rontal<br />

-parous adj combining form L -parus, fr. parere to give birth to,<br />

beget, produce : giving birth to : bearing : producing<br />

biparous fetiparous viviparous oviparous<br />

parthen- or partheno- combining form Gk, maiden, virgin, fr.<br />

parthenos : virgin : without fertilization parthenogenesis<br />

parthenote<br />

parti- also party- combining form obs. E party, adj., parti-colored,<br />

fr. ME party, parti, fr. MF parti striped, party per pale,<br />

fr. OF, fr. parti, past part. <strong>of</strong> partir to divide, go away : various<br />

: variegated parti-striped<br />

parti- combining form L, fr. part-, pars : part parti-mortgage<br />

-partism n combining form - F -partisme, fr. parti political<br />

party fr. MF, match, party, decision + -isme : tendency<br />

toward or active operation <strong>of</strong> a specified number <strong>of</strong> political<br />

parties in a governmental system multi-partism<br />

parv- or parvi- also parvo- combining form L parv-, parvi-, fr.<br />

parvus akin to Gk pauros small, slight : small parvanimity<br />

parvifolious Parvobacteriaceae<br />

path- or patho- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. pathos experience,<br />

emotion, passion, suffering 1 : pathological pathomorphosis<br />

2 : pathological <strong>and</strong> pathohistological 3<br />

: pathological state : disease pathogen pathergy 4 :emotion<br />

pathometer<br />

-path n combining form - in sense 1, fr. G, back-formation fr.<br />

-pathie -pathy in sense 2, ISV, fr. Gk -paths, fr. pathos 1 :a<br />

practitioner <strong>of</strong> a specified system <strong>of</strong> medicine that emphasizes<br />

some one aspect <strong>of</strong> disease <strong>and</strong> its treatment allopath<br />

hydropath osteopath 2 :one suffering from a specified<br />

kind <strong>of</strong> ailment psychopath neuropath<br />

-pathia n combining form - NL more at - : - 2<br />

hyperpathia lymphopathia<br />

-pathic adj combining form ISV -pathy + -ic 1 :feeling, suffering,<br />

or affected in a specified way telepathic 2 :affected<br />

by disease <strong>of</strong> a specified part or kind myopathic 3<br />

: relating to therapy based on a specified unitary theory <strong>of</strong><br />

disease or its treatment homeopathic<br />

pathologico- combining form ISV, fr. pathological : pathological<br />

<strong>and</strong> pathologicoanatomical<br />

-pathy n combining form - L -pathia, fr. Gk -patheia, fr.

---

patr- 41<br />

-phagia<br />

path-, stem <strong>of</strong> paschein to experience, suffer 1 :feeling : suffering<br />

apathy telepathy 2 :disease <strong>of</strong> a specified part or<br />

kind idiopathy myopathy 3 :therapy or system <strong>of</strong> therapy<br />

based on a specified unitary theory <strong>of</strong> disease or its treatment<br />

homeopathy<br />

patr- or patri- or patro- combining form patr- partly fr. L, fr.<br />

patr-, pater partly fr. Gk, fr. patr-, patr patri- fr. ME, fr. MF,<br />

fr. L, fr. patr-, pater patro-, NL, fr. Gk, fr. patr-, patr : father<br />

patrikin patrilineal patristic patroclinal patrogenesis<br />

patronomatology<br />

pauci- combining form L, fr. paucus little : few paucifoliate<br />

paucidisperse<br />

-pe- combining form piperidine : complete hydrogenation <br />

in names <strong>of</strong> cyclic bases lupetidine pipecoline<br />

pectin- or pectini- combining form NL pectin-, pecten pecten<br />

: comb : pecten pectinoid pectiniform Pectinibranchia<br />

ped- or pedi- or pedo- combining form ped-, pedi- fr. L, fr.<br />

ped-, pes foot pedo- fr. ped- + -o- 1 :foot : feet pediform<br />

pedigerous pedicure 2 :a creature or object specified<br />

having feet or footlike projections Pediastrum pedrail 3<br />

: something specified involving the feet pedomotor<br />

ped- or pedo- combining form Gk pedon ground, earth : soil<br />

pedogenesis pedogeography<br />

-ped adj combining form L -ped-, -pes, fr. ped-, pes foot : having<br />

such or so many feet scutiped<br />

-ped or -pede n combining form - L ped-, pes : foot maxilliped<br />

maxillipede<br />

pedati- combining form L pedatus : pedate pedatiform<br />

: pedately pedatisect<br />

pedi- or pedio- combining form Gk, fr. pedion : flat surface<br />

: plain Pedioecetes : sole <strong>of</strong> the foot pedialgia<br />

Pediococcus<br />

pel- or pelo- combining form ISV, fr. Gk pl-, plo-, fr. plos<br />

perh. akin to L pallre to be pale : clay : mud pelite<br />

Pelomyxa<br />

pelag- or pelago- combining form L pelag-, fr. Gk pelag-, pelago-,<br />

fr. pelagos : sea pelagial<br />

-pellic adj combining form Gk pella wooden bowl + E -ic<br />

: having such a pelvis dolichopellic<br />

-pelmous adj combining form Gk pelma sole <strong>of</strong> the foot + E<br />

-ous : having such a sole heteropelmous<br />

pelv- or pelvi- or pelvo- combining form ISV, fr. NL pelvis 1<br />

: pelvis pelvic pelviscope 2 : pelvic <strong>and</strong> pelvisacral<br />

pelvorenal<br />

pene- also pen- prefix L paene-, pene-, fr. paene, pene almost<br />

: almost peneplain penacute<br />

-penia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk penia poverty, lack<br />

: deficiency <strong>of</strong> erythropenia thrombopenia eosinopenia<br />

penni- also penno- combining form L penni-, fr. penna feather,<br />

wing 1 :feather pennoplume penniform 2 :pinnately<br />

penninerved penniveined<br />

penta- or pent- or pen- combining form ME pent-, fr. Gk pent-,<br />

penta-, fr. pente 1 :five pentacyclic pentahedron pentalobate<br />

pentode 2 : containing five atoms, groups, or<br />

equivalents pentahydrate pentamine pentaacetate<br />

penthiophene<br />

pentadeca- or pentadec- combining form L Gk pentedeka-, fr.<br />

Gk pentekaideka, lit., five <strong>and</strong> ten, fr. penta- + kai <strong>and</strong> + deka<br />

ten : fifteen pentadecahydrate<br />

-pepsia n combining form - L, fr. Gk, fr. pepsis digestion<br />

: digestion bradypepsia<br />

pepsino- combining form ISV, fr. pepsin : pepsin pepsinogenic<br />

-pepsy n combining form - L -pepsia : -<br />

pept- or pepto- combining form ISV, fr. peptone : peptone<br />

peptide peptogenic<br />

pepton- combining form ISV, fr. peptone : - peptonuria<br />

peptonize<br />

per- prefix in sense 1, fr. L, throughout, thoroughly, completely,<br />

deviating from also, used as verbal prefix with the<br />

meanings through, throughout, thoroughly, detrimentally,<br />

<strong>and</strong> to denote completion or perfection or intensifica-<br />

tion, fr. per through, by in sense 2, fr. per through, by 1 a<br />

: throughout perdominant b 1 : containing the largest<br />

possible or a relatively large proportion <strong>of</strong> a specified chemical<br />

element esp. as a result <strong>of</strong> exhaustive substitution for<br />

hydrogen or <strong>of</strong> exhaustive addition in an organic compound<br />

or group perchloroethylene perhydronaphthalene CH<br />

compare - 2a 2 : containing an element in its highest<br />

or a high oxidation state perchloric acid 2 :through<br />

perradius : by means <strong>of</strong> perlingual<br />

peri- prefix L, fr. Gk, fr. peri akin to Gk peran to pass<br />

through 1 :all around : about : round Periarctic pericenter<br />

pericyclone periscope 2 : near perihelion 3 a<br />

: enclosing or surrounding perineurium periproct perisinuous<br />

b :tissue surrounding a specified part in terms<br />

in -itis periarthritis<br />

pericardi- or pericardio- or pericardo- combining form NL<br />

pericardium 1 : pericardium pericardiectomy pericardiosymphysis<br />

pericardotomy 2 :pericardial <strong>and</strong> pericardiophrenic<br />

pericardiopleural<br />

periost- or perioste- or periosteo- combining form NL periosteum<br />

1 : periosteum periosteomyelitis periosteoma<br />

periostitis 2 :periosteal <strong>and</strong> periosteoalveolar<br />

peripher- or periphero- combining form periphery 1 :periphery<br />

peripherad : peripheral peripheroneural 2 :peripheral<br />

<strong>and</strong> peripherocentral<br />

periton- or peritone- or peritoneo- combining form LL peritoneum<br />

1 : peritoneum peritonealgia peritoneoplasty<br />

peritonitis 2 :peritoneal <strong>and</strong> peritoneomuscular peritoneopericardial<br />

permo- combining form, usu cap ISV, fr. Permian : Permian<br />

<strong>and</strong> esp. in the names <strong>of</strong> geologic strata Permocarboniferous<br />

Permopennsylvanian Permotriassic<br />

peroneo- combining form peroneal : peroneal <strong>and</strong> peroneocalcaneal<br />

perono- combining form, cap NL, fr. perone fibula : pin<br />

: fibula Peronospora in the names <strong>of</strong> taxa<br />

peta- combining form ISV, modif. <strong>of</strong> Gk penta- penta-<br />

: quadrillion peta-electron volts<br />

-petal adj combining form NL -petus -petal fr. L petere to go<br />

toward, seek + E -al : going toward : seeking acropetal<br />

-petalae n pl combining form NL, fr. fem. pl. <strong>of</strong> -petalus<br />

-petalous : ones having such or so many petals in names<br />

<strong>of</strong> botanical groups Choripetalae<br />

-petalous adj combining form NL -petalus, fr. petalum petal<br />

: having such or so many petals apopetalous<br />

petr- or petri- or petro- combining form MF petr-, petri- L<br />

petr- NL petro-, fr. Gk petr-, petro-, fr. petros stone petra<br />

rock 1 a : stone : rock petrescent Petricola petrogenesis<br />

b :petroleum petroporphyrins 2 :<strong>of</strong> or relating to the<br />

petrous portion <strong>of</strong> the temporal bone <strong>and</strong> petrohyoid<br />

-pexy n combining form - NL, -pexia, fr. Gk -pxia solidity,<br />

fr. pxis solidity, freezing, putting together fr. pgnynai to fix,<br />

fasten together + -ia -y : fixation : making fast colloidopexy<br />

gastropexy<br />

phac- or phaco- or phak- or phako- combining form Gk phak-,<br />

phako-, fr. phakos lentil, object shaped like a lentil, mole,<br />

wart 1 :lentil : thing shaped like a lentil Phacochoerus<br />

phacolith Phacops 2 a : lens phacometer b usu phakor<br />

phako- : crystalline lens <strong>of</strong> the eye phakoma<br />

phaeo- or pheo- combining form Gk phaio-, fr. phaios dusky,<br />

gray : dun-colored phaeoderm Phaeophyceae <strong>of</strong>ten in<br />

names <strong>of</strong> compounds related to chlorophyll pheophytin<br />

phag- or phago- combining form Gk, fr. phagein to eat 1 :eating<br />

: feeding phagedena phagomania 2:phagocyte phagolysis<br />

-phaga n combining form, pl -phaga NL, fr. Gk phagein : eater<br />

: eaters in taxonomic names in zoology Entomophaga<br />

Lithophaga Xylophaga Glossophaga<br />

-phage also -phag n combining form - Gk -phagos, fr. phagein<br />

1:one that eats ostreophage xylophage 2 :cell as a<br />

phagocyte that destroys cells bacteriophage<br />

-phagia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk more at - 1<br />

: - hemophagia 2 :desire for food hyperphagia

---

-phagous 42<br />

-phoria<br />

-phagous adj combining form Gk -phagos, fr. phagein to eat<br />

: feeding esp. on a specified kind <strong>of</strong> food anthropophagous<br />

creophagous cytophagous saprophagous<br />

-phagus n combining form NL, fr. Gk -phagos : eater : one<br />

that eats an indicated thing or in an indicated way in<br />

generic names <strong>of</strong> animals Melophagus<br />

-phagy n combining form - Gk -phagia, fr. phagein to eat +<br />

-ia -y : eating <strong>of</strong> a specified type or substance esp. in biological<br />

<strong>and</strong> medical terms anthropophagy biophagy<br />

cytophagy geophagy<br />

-phalangia n combining form - NL, fr. phalang-, phalanx + -ia<br />

: condition <strong>of</strong> the phalanges brachyphalangia<br />

-phane n combining form - Gk -phans appearing, shining, fr.<br />

phainein to show : substance having a specified form, quality,<br />

or appearance cymophane glaucophane hydrophane<br />

phaner- or phanero- combining form Gk, fr. phaneros, fr.<br />

phainein to show : visible : manifest : open phanerocryst<br />

phanerogam<br />

-phany n combining form - LGk -phania, -phaneia, fr. Gk<br />

phainein to show : appearance : manifestation pneumatophany<br />

Satanophany<br />

pharmaco- combining form Gk pharmako-, fr. pharmakon<br />

: medicine : drug pharmacomania pharmacophobia<br />

pharmacotherapy<br />

pharyng- or pharyngo- combining form Gk, fr. pharyng-, pharynx<br />

1 :pharynx pharyngalgia pharyngitis 2 :pharyngeal<br />

<strong>and</strong> pharyngonasal<br />

-phasia also -phasy n combining form, pl -phasias also -phasies<br />

-phasia, NL, fr. Gk, speech, fr. phasis utterance, statement,<br />

fr. phanai to say, speak -phasy fr. NL -phasia : speech disorder<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified type esp. relating to the symbolic use <strong>of</strong><br />

language dysphasia tachyphasia compare -,<br />

-, - 2<br />

phaso- combining form phase : phase phasogeneous<br />

phello- combining form Gk, cork, fr. phellos prob. akin to Gk<br />

phloos bark : cork : bark phelloderm phellogen<br />

-phemia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk -phmia speech, fr.<br />

-phmos speaking fr. phm speech, fr. phanai to speak, say<br />

+ -ia -y : speech disorder <strong>of</strong> a specified type esp. relating to<br />

the articulation or fluency <strong>of</strong> speech sounds aphemia<br />

brachyphemia compare -, -, - 2<br />

phen- or pheno- combining form Gk phain-, phaino-, fr.<br />

phainein to show 1 also phaen- or phaeno- a :showing phenocryst<br />

b :- phaenogam 2 phene a :related to<br />

benzene phenol : containing phenyl phenethyl phenobarbital<br />

esp : containing two benzene rings phenazine<br />

phenothiazine b :phenol phenoxide<br />

phenanthr- or phenanthro- or phenanthra- combining form<br />

phenanthr ene : phenanthrene phenanthridine phenanthr<strong>of</strong>uran<br />

phenanthraquinone<br />

-phenone n combining form - phen- + -one : aromatic ketone<br />

containing a phenyl or substituted phenyl group attached to a<br />

specified acyl group acetophenone benzophenone<br />

resacetophenone<br />

-pher n combining form - Gk pherein to carry : one that carries<br />

chronopher telpher<br />

phil- or philo- combining form ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

philein to love, fr. philos beloved, dear, loving more at<br />

- : loving : having an affinity for philydraceous<br />

philo-Celticism philograph<br />

-phil or -phile n combining form - F -phile, fr. Gk -philos, fr.<br />

philos beloved, dear, loving : one that loves : lover : one having<br />

a fondness or affinity for or a strong attraction to acidophil<br />

hemophile bibliophile Anglophile<br />

-phil or -phile adj combining form NL -philus, fr. L, fr. Gk philos<br />

beloved, dear, loving : loving : having a fondness or affinity<br />

for hemophile Francophil organophile<br />

-phila n combining form, pl -phila NL, fr. L, fem. sing. <strong>and</strong><br />

neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -philus : one or ones attracted to or living or<br />

growing by preference in in names <strong>of</strong> biological taxa<br />

Ammophila Anthophila<br />

-philia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk philia, fr. philos loving<br />

more at - 1 :tendency toward chromatophilia<br />

spasmophilia 2 :abnormal appetite or liking for claustrophilia<br />

-philic adj combining form phil- + -ic : having an affinity for<br />

: loving : attracted by : adapted to electrophilic heliophilic<br />

lyophilic opposed to -phobic<br />

-philous adj combining form Gk philos beloved, dear, loving<br />

prob. akin to OE bile- simple, innocent, OHG bil-, bila- goodnatured,<br />

friendly, MIr bil good : loving : having an affinity<br />

for dendrophilous lithophilous acidophilous<br />

-philus n combining form NL, fr. L, loving, fr. Gk philos<br />

: creature attracted to such a food or habitat in generic<br />

names Campephilus Spermophilus<br />

-phily n combining form - NL -philia 1 :fondness for toxophily<br />

2 :affinity for hydrophily photophily zoophily<br />

chiefly in biological <strong>and</strong> chemical terms<br />

phleb- or phlebo- combining form ME fleb-, fr. MF, fr. LL<br />

phleb-, fr. Gk, fr. phleb-, phleps blood vessel, vein akin to Gk<br />

phlyein, phlyzein to boil over : vein phlebitis phlebogram<br />

phlor- or phloro- combining form F, fr. ISV phlorizin : related<br />

to phlorizin phloretin phloroglucin<br />

phob- or phobo- combining form LL, fr. Gk, fr. phobos : fear<br />

: avoidance phobism phobophobia phobotaxis<br />

-phobe n combining form - Gk -phobos -fearing, fr. phobos<br />

fear, flight : one having a specified phobia Anglophobe<br />

chromophobe heliophobe photophobe<br />

-phobic or -phobous adj combining form -phobic fr. F -phobique,<br />

fr. LL -phobicus, fr. Gk -phobikos, fr. -phobos fearing +<br />

-ikos -ic phobous fr. LL -phobus, fr. Gk -phobos 1 :exhibiting<br />

a phobia: having an aversion for Anglophobic calciphobous<br />

heliophobous 2 chem : lacking or relating to lack<br />

<strong>of</strong> strong affinity for such a substance opposed to -philic<br />

pholid- or pholido- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. pholid-, pholis<br />

scale <strong>of</strong> a reptile akin to Gk phloos bark : scale pholidosis<br />

pholidolite<br />

-pholis n combining form NL, fr. Gk pholis scale <strong>of</strong> a reptile<br />

: organism having a specified kind <strong>of</strong> scale in generic<br />

names Conopholis<br />

phon- or phono- combining form L, fr. Gk phn-, phno-, fr.<br />

phn : sound : voice : speech : tone phonal phonograph<br />

phonology<br />

-phone n combining form - LL -phona, fr. LGk -phna, fr. Gk,<br />

neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -phnos -sounding, fr. phnein to sound 1 :sound<br />

: voice in names <strong>of</strong> musical instruments <strong>and</strong> sound-transmitting<br />

devices saxophone earphone radiophone 2<br />

: speaker <strong>of</strong> a specified language Francophone<br />

-phone adj combining form F, fr. Gk -phnos -sounding, fr.<br />

phnein to sound, fr. phn sound, voice : <strong>of</strong> or relating to<br />

a population that speaks a specified language Francophone<br />

-phony also -phonia n combining form, pl -phonies also -phonias<br />

ME -phonie, fr. OF, fr. L -phonia, fr. Gk -phnia, fr.<br />

-phnos -sounding fr. phnein to sound + -ia -y 1 :sound<br />

acrophony cacophony 2 usu -phonia : speech disorder <strong>of</strong><br />

a specified type esp. relating to phonation dysphonia<br />

baryphony compare -, -, -<br />

-phora n combining form, pl -phora NL, fr. fem. sing. neut.<br />

pl. <strong>of</strong> -phorus : organism bearing a specified structure<br />

Cladophora : organisms bearing a specified structure<br />

Ctenophora<br />

-phorae n pl combining form NL, fr. fem. pl. <strong>of</strong> -phorus<br />

: organisms carrying a specified structure Discophorae<br />

Physophorae<br />

-phore or -phor n combining form - NL -phorus, fr. Gk<br />

-phoros, fr. pherein to carry : carrier chromophore<br />

ctenophore gametophore luminophor semaphore<br />

-phoresis n combining form, pl -phoreses NL, fr. Gk phorsis being<br />

carried : transmission electrophoresis iontophoresis<br />

-phoria n combining form - NL, fr. Gk, act <strong>of</strong> carrying, fr.<br />

-phoros -phorous + -ia -y : bearing : state : tendency euphoria<br />

ideaphoria heterophoria

---

-phoric 43<br />

plan-<br />

-phoric adj combining form -phore + -ic : having such a bearing<br />

or tendency eccoproticophoric<br />

phoro- combining form NL, fr. ML, fr. Gk, fr. phorein to carry<br />

along, freq. <strong>of</strong> pherein to carry : carrying on : having motion<br />

: direction phorozooid phoronomy phorometry<br />

-phorous adj combining form Gk -phoros, fr. pherein to carry : carrying<br />

: - ascophorous phyllophorous <strong>and</strong>rophorous<br />

-phorum n combining form, pl -phora NL, fr. Gk -phoron, neut.<br />

<strong>of</strong> -phoros -phorous : - hymenophorum<br />

-phorus n combining form NL, fr. Gk -phoros -phorous : carrier<br />

in generic names in zoology Istiophorus<br />

phos- combining form Gk phs-, fr. phs : light phosacid<br />

phosnitric<br />

phosph- or phospho- combining form F, fr. phosphorique phosphoric<br />

in acide phosphorique phosphoric acid 1 : phosphoric<br />

acid : phosphate phosphergot phosphoarginine 2<br />

: phosphorus phosph<strong>of</strong>errite<br />

phosphor- or phosphoro- combining form NL phosphorus<br />

: phosphorus phosphorate : phosphoric acid phosphoramidic<br />

acid phosphorothioic acid<br />

phot- or photo- combining form Gk pht-, phto-, fr. pht-, phs 1<br />

: light photeolic photon photography photoperiod 2:photograph<br />

: photographic phot<strong>of</strong>inish photoalbum phot<strong>of</strong>ilm<br />

3:photoelectric photocell photocurrent 4 :photon photomeson<br />

5:photochemical photochlorination photoproduct<br />

-phrasia n combining form - NL, fr. L phrasis diction + NL<br />

-ia : speech disorder <strong>of</strong> a specified type embolophrasia<br />

phren- or phreni- or phreno- combining form L phren-, fr. Gk<br />

phren-, phreno-, fr. phren-, phrn diaphragm, mind 1 :mind<br />

phrenology 2 a : diaphragm phrenic b :diaphragmatic<br />

<strong>and</strong> phrenocardiac 3 :phrenic nerve phreniclasia<br />

-phrenia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk phren-, phrn<br />

diaphragm, mind + NL -ia : disordered condition <strong>of</strong> mental<br />

functions hebephrenia<br />

phthal- or phthalo- combining form ISV, fr. phthalic in phthalic<br />

acid : phthalic acid : related to phthalic acid phthalamic<br />

acid phthalonitrile<br />

phthisio- combining form ISV, fr. phthisis : phthisis phthisiotherapy<br />

-phthora n combining form NL, fr. Gk phthora destruction,<br />

death, fr. phtheirein to destroy : destroyer in generic<br />

names <strong>of</strong> fungi Entomophthora<br />

phyc- or phyco- combining form ISV, fr. Gk phyk-, phyko- seaweed,<br />

fr. phykos : seaweed : algae phycitol phycochrome<br />

-phyceae n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk phykos seaweed<br />

: seaweed : algae in names <strong>of</strong> major groups <strong>of</strong> algae<br />

Chlorophyceae Myxophyceae<br />

phyl- or phylo- combining form L phyl-, fr. Gk phyl-, phylo-, fr.<br />

phyl tribe, clan, phyle phylon tribe, race both akin to Gk<br />

phyein to bring forth 1 :tribe : race phylography 2 :phylum<br />

phylogeny phylar<br />

phyll- or phyllo- combining form NL phyllo-, fr. Gk phyll-, phyllo-,<br />

fr. phyllon 1 :leaf phyllomorphous 2 :part or thing<br />

resembling a leaf phyllidium 3 :chlorophyll phyllin<br />

-phyll n combining form - F -phylle, fr. Gk phyllon leaf 1<br />

: coloring matter occurring in plants chrysophyll 2 NL<br />

-phyllum, fr. Gk phyllon leaf : leaf microphyll<br />

-phyllous adj combining form NL -phyllus, fr. Gk -phyllos, fr.<br />

phyllon leaf 1 :having such or so many leaves, leaflets, or<br />

leaflike parts isophyllous oligophyllous macrophyllous<br />

2:being in such a position in relation to a leaf epiphyllous<br />

-phyllum n combining form NL, fr. Gk phyllon leaf 1 :one<br />

having such leaves or leaflike parts in generic names <strong>of</strong><br />

animals Cyathophyllum <strong>and</strong> esp. plants Brachyphyllum<br />

Podophyllum 2 pl -phylla : leaf mesophyllum 3 :fossil resembling<br />

a plant <strong>of</strong> a specified group in generic names<br />

Sapindophyllum<br />

-phyre n combining form - F -phyre, fr. porphyre porphyry, fr.<br />

ML porphyrium : porphyritic rock aphanophyre<br />

-phyric adj combining form ISV -phyre + -ic : porphyritic<br />

aphyric<br />

phys- or physo- combining form NL, fr. Gk physa bellows 1 a<br />

: marked by the presence <strong>of</strong> gas physocele b : swollen<br />

: bladdery Physocephalus Physopsis 2 : air bladder<br />

Physostomi<br />

physi- or physio- combining form L physio-, fr. Gk physi-,<br />

physio-, fr. physis nature 1 a : nature : natural : belonging to<br />

or concerned with the natural order physitheism b :<strong>of</strong>,<br />

relating to, or concerned with the body esp. as distinct from<br />

the mind physiogenic 2 :physical physiotherapy : physical<br />

<strong>and</strong> physiopsychic 3 :physiological physiopsychology<br />

: physiological <strong>and</strong> physiopathologic<br />

physico- combining form NL, fr. L physicus natural, <strong>of</strong> or relating<br />

to natural philosophy, fr. Gk physikos 1 :natural : based<br />

on the study <strong>of</strong> nature physicotheology 2 :physical physicooptics<br />

: physical <strong>and</strong> physicomental 3 :combined with<br />

physics physicochemistry : relating to physics <strong>and</strong><br />

physicomathematical<br />

phyt- or phyto- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. phyton akin to<br />

Gk phyein to bring forth : plant phytobacteriology phytosis<br />

-phyta n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk phyta, pl. <strong>of</strong> phyton<br />

: plants in names <strong>of</strong> taxa Bryophyta Cormophyta<br />

-phyte n combining form - ISV, fr. Gk phyton plant 1 :plant<br />

having a specified characteristic or habitat xerophyte<br />

microphyte 2 :pathological growth osteophyte<br />

-phytic adj combining form ISV -phyte + -ic : like a plant<br />

holophytic<br />

pico- combining form ISV, perh. fr. It piccolo small : one trillionth<br />

10 − part <strong>of</strong> pic<strong>of</strong>arad picogram<br />

picr- or picro- combining form F, fr. Gk, fr. pikros bitter 1<br />

: bitter Picramnia Picrodendron 2 :picric acid picryl<br />

picrocarmine 3 :containing magnesium picromerite<br />

-picrin n suffix - ISV -picr- fr. Gk pikros bitter + -in 1 :bitter<br />

substance gentiopicrin 2 :substance related to picric<br />

acid chloropicrin<br />

picto- combining form L pictus past part. <strong>of</strong> pingere to paint<br />

+ E -o- : picture pictograph<br />

piezo- combining form Gk piezein to squeeze, press akin to<br />

Skt payati to squeeze, press both fr. an IE compound whose<br />

first constituent is akin to Gk epi on <strong>and</strong> whose second constituent<br />

is akin to Gk hezesthai to sit more at - : pressure<br />

piezometer<br />

pigmento- combining form L pigmentum : pigment pigmentogenic<br />

pil- or pili- or pilo- combining form L pilus : hair pilosis<br />

pilifer pilocystic<br />

pil- or pilo- combining form Gk, fr. pilos hair : felt<br />

Pilocarpus<br />

pinac- or pinaco- also pinak- combining form L pinaco- picture,<br />

fr. Gk pinak-, pinako- board, tablet, picture, fr. pinak-,<br />

pinax akin to OHG witufna heap <strong>of</strong> wood, Russ pen stump,<br />

stub, <strong>and</strong> prob. to Skt pinka staff : tablet pinacoid pinacocyte<br />

pinn- or pinni- combining form L, fr. pinna feather, wing, fin<br />

: feather : fin pinnal Pinnipedia<br />

pinnati- combining form NL, fr. pinnatus pinnate : pinnately<br />

pinnatisect<br />

pisci- combining form L, fr. piscis : fish piscifauna pisciculture<br />

pistill- combining form NL pistillum : pistil pistilline pistilloid<br />

pithec- or pitheco- combining form Gk pithk-, pithko-, fr.<br />

pithkos : ape : monkey pithecan pithecometric<br />

-pithecus n combining form NL, fr. Gk pithkos : ape in<br />

generic names Sivapithecus<br />

plac- or placo- combining form Gk plak-, plako- flat surface,<br />

tablet, fr. plak-, plax : tablet : flat plate placodont placoderm<br />

plagi- or plagio- combining form Gk, fr. plagios : oblique<br />

: aslant Plagianthus plagiotropic<br />

plan- or plano- combining form prob. fr. NL, fr. Gk, w<strong>and</strong>ering,<br />

fr. planos akin to Gk planasthai to w<strong>and</strong>er : moving<br />

about : motile planuria planogamete

---

plan- 44<br />

pogon-<br />

plan- or plano- combining form L planus flat, level 1 :flat<br />

planometer planoccipital 2 :flatly planorotund 3 :flat<br />

<strong>and</strong> plano-concave<br />

plani- combining form L planus : flat : level : plane planiform<br />

planigraphy<br />

-plania n combining form - NL, fr. Gk, act <strong>of</strong> w<strong>and</strong>ering, fr.<br />

planos w<strong>and</strong>ering + -ia -y more at - : a w<strong>and</strong>ering <strong>of</strong><br />

a specified substance into a tract not its own menoplania<br />

-plasia or -plasy n combining form, pl -plasias or -plasies NL<br />

-plasia, fr. Gk plasis molding + NL -ia -y : development : formation<br />

dysplasia heteroplasia homoplasy<br />

-plasis n combining form, pl -plases NL, fr. Gk plasis molding,<br />

fr. plassein to mold : molding anaplasis cataplasis paraplasis<br />

plasm- or plasmo- combining form F, fr. NL plasma 1 :plasma<br />

plasmapheresis plasmodium 2 :cytoplasm plasmolysis<br />

plasmogamy 3 :protoplasm plasmoptysis<br />

-plasm or -plasma n combining form - G -plasma, fr. NL plasma<br />

: formative or formed material as <strong>of</strong> a cell or tissue<br />

cytoplasm nucleoplasm karyoplasma metaplasm<br />

plasmato- combining form Gk plasmat-, plasma : -<br />

plasmatoparous<br />

-plasmia n combining form - NL, fr. plasma + -ia : a specified<br />

condition <strong>of</strong> the blood plasm oligoplasmia<br />

plasmod- or plasmodi- or plasmodio- combining form NL plasmodium<br />

: plasmodium plasmodiocarp plasmoditrophoblast<br />

plasmodic<br />

-plast n combining form - MF -plaste, fr. LL -plastus, fr. Gk<br />

-plastos, fr. plastos formed, molded 1 a : thing made gypsoplast<br />

meloplast b :plastic esp. in names <strong>of</strong> groups <strong>of</strong><br />

plastics phenoplast 2 a : organized particle or granule : cell<br />

bioplast leucoplast b :formative cell : - odontoplast<br />

-plastic adj combining form Gk -plastikos, fr. -plastos formed,<br />

molded, fr. plastos, verbal <strong>of</strong> plassein to form + -ikos -ic 1<br />

: developing : forming : growing heteroplastic xyloplastic<br />

2:<strong>of</strong> or relating to something designated by a term ending<br />

in -plasm, -plast, or -plasty rhinoplastic protoplastic<br />

plasto- combining form Gk, fr. plastos formed, molded 1 :formation<br />

: development plastochron plastotype 2 :plasticity<br />

: plastic plastometer plastomer 3 :cytoplasm plastogamy<br />

plastomere 4 :plastid plastogene<br />

-plasty n combining form - F -plastie, fr. Gk -plastia form,<br />

mold, fr. -plastos -plast + -ia -y : plastic surgery dermatoplasty<br />

autoplasty cineplasty<br />

platin- or platino- combining form NL platinum 1 :platinum<br />

platinotype platiniridium 2 :platinic acid platinate<br />

platini- combining form NL platinum : platinum platinichloride<br />

platiniferous<br />

platy- also plat- combining form LL plat-, fr. Gk plat-, platy-,<br />

fr. platys : flat : broad platycnemic platoid platypoda<br />

plect- or plecto- combining form Gk plektos, fr. plekein : twisted<br />

plectenchyma plectognath<br />

-plegia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk plg blow, stroke fr.<br />

the stem <strong>of</strong> plssein to strike + NL -ia : paralysis <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

nature paraplegia<br />

-plegy n combining form - NL -plegia : paralysis <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

nature<br />

pleio- or pleo- or plio- combining form Gk plein, plen 1<br />

: more Pleiocene pleomorphism pleomastia Pliocene<br />

2:Pliocene Pliohippus Pliopithecus<br />

plesi- or plesio- combining form NL plesi-, fr. Gk plsi-, plsio-,<br />

fr. plsios, fr. pelas near : close : near plesiomorphous plesiosaurus<br />

pleur- or pleuri- or pleuro- combining form NL, fr. L, fr. Gk,<br />

side, rib, fr. pleura 1 a : pleura pleurectomy pleuriseptate<br />

pleurogenic b :pleura <strong>and</strong> pleuropericarditis pleuropedal<br />

2 : side : lateral pleurite pleurocentrum 3 : rib<br />

pleural<br />

-pleura n combining form - NL, fr. ML pleura : lining : girdle<br />

endopleura epipleura<br />

-plex n combining form - partly fr. L -plex as in duplex<br />

duplex partly fr. complex, n. 1 :a figure having a given<br />

power googolplex 2 :a building divided into an <strong>of</strong>ten specified<br />

number <strong>of</strong> spaces as apartments or movie theaters<br />

fourplex multiplex<br />

-ploid adj combining form ISV, fr. diploid haploid : having<br />

or being a chromosome number that bears such a relationship<br />

to or is so many times the basic chromosome number<br />

characteristic <strong>of</strong> a given plant or animal group heteroploid<br />

hexaploid heptaploid<br />

plumb- or plumbo- combining form L plumb-, fr. plumbum<br />

: lead plumbate plumbojarosite<br />

pluri- combining form L, fr. plur-, plus more : many : having<br />

or being more than one : - pluriaxial plurilocular<br />

plut- or pluto- combining form Gk plout-, plouto-, fr. ploutos<br />

prob. akin to Gk plein to sail, float : wealth plutarchy plutomania<br />

pluvi- or pluvio- also pluvia- combining form ME pluvy-, fr. L<br />

pluvi-, fr. pluvia : rain pluviameter pluvian pluviography<br />

-pnea or -pnoea n combining form - NL, fr. Gk -pnoia, fr.<br />

pnoia, pno breathing, breath, fr. pnein to breathe : breath<br />

: breathing hyperpnea polypnoea oligopnea<br />

pneum- or pneumo- combining form NL, fr. Gk pneum-, fr.<br />

pneuma 1 :air : gas pneumoempyema pneumopericardium<br />

2 :lung : pulmonary <strong>and</strong> pneumogastric pneumectomy<br />

3 :respiration pneumogram 4 :pneumonia : pneumonia<br />

<strong>and</strong> pneumoenteritis pneumobacillus pneumococcus<br />

pneumat- or pneumato- combining form LGk, fr. Gk, fr. pneumat-,<br />

pneuma 1 : spirit pneumatophobia pneumatography<br />

2 : air : vapor : gas pneumatolytic pneumatize<br />

pneumaturia 3 : respiration pneumatograph<br />

pneumatometer 4 :pneumatic pneumatogram<br />

pneumon- or pneumono- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

pneumn : lung pneumonectomy pneumonocele<br />

-pneusta n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk -pneustos having<br />

such breath, fr. assumed Gk pneustos verbal <strong>of</strong> Gk pnein<br />

to breathe : animals having a specified mode <strong>of</strong> breathing<br />

in higher taxa Enteropneusta<br />

pod- or podo- combining form Gk, fr. pod-, pous 1 : foot<br />

podology podoscaph 2 :ho<strong>of</strong> pododerm 3 :peduncle<br />

: stalk Podocarpus Podophthalmia<br />

-pod n combining form - Gk -pod-, -pous, fr. -pod-, -pous, adj.<br />

combining form, having such or so many feet, fr. pod-, pous<br />

foot : one having such or so many feet chenopod<br />

-pod adj combining form Gk -pod-, -pous : having such or so<br />

many feet acanthopod<br />

-pod also -pode n combining form - NL podium foot 1 a : a<br />

footlike part pseudopode b :foot nectopod 2 :-<br />

endopod<br />

-poda n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk, neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -pod-, -pous<br />

having such or so many feet : ones having such or so<br />

many feet in taxonomic names in zoology Arthropoda<br />

Decapoda Heteropoda compare -<br />

-podia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk, fr. pod- + -ia -y : condition<br />

<strong>of</strong> having such feet platypodia<br />

-podite n combining form - ISV pod- + -ite : segment <strong>of</strong> an<br />

appendage <strong>of</strong> an arthropod basipodite endopodite <br />

-poditic adj combining form<br />

-podium n combining form, pl -podia NL, fr. L podium 1 :one<br />

having a specified kind <strong>of</strong> foot or part resembling a foot <br />

in generic names Chenopodium Lycopodium 2 : foot<br />

: footlike part pleuropodium<br />

-podous adj combining form Gk -pod-, -pous having such or so<br />

many feet + E -ous more at - : having such or so<br />

many feet : -footed acanthopodous hexapodous<br />

poecil- or poecilo- or poikil- or poikilo- combining form Gk<br />

poikil-, poikilo-, fr. poikilos : variegated : various<br />

Poecilichthys poecilogony poikilitic poikiloblast<br />

pogon- or pogono- combining form NL, fr. Gk pgn-, pgno-,<br />

fr. pgn : beard : something resembling a beard Pogonia<br />

pogonotomy

---

-pogon 45<br />

pseud-<br />

-pogon n combining form NL, fr. Gk pgn, perh. fr. p- akin<br />

to Gk Cyprian dial. pos on, at + -gn akin to Gk genys<br />

jaw more at - : beard in generic names<br />

Calopogon<br />

-poiesis n combining form, pl -poieses NL, fr. Gk poisis : production<br />

: formation hematopoiesis leukopoiesis<br />

-poietic adj combining form Gk poitikos : productive : formative<br />

hematopoietic<br />

poli- or polio- combining form NL, fr. Gk, gray, fr. polios 1<br />

: <strong>of</strong> or relating to the gray matter <strong>of</strong> the brain or spinal cord<br />

poliomyelitis 2 :gray Polianthes<br />

-polis n combining form - LL, fr. Gk, fr. polis : city megalopolis<br />

politico- combining form NL, fr. L politicus political 1 :political<br />

<strong>and</strong> politico-diplomatic politico-military 2 :politics<br />

politicomania politicophobia 3 :political politico-pressure<br />

: politically politico-nationalist politico-orthodox<br />

pollin- or pollini- combining form NL, fr. pollin-, pollen<br />

: pollen pollinic polliniferous<br />

poly- combining form ME, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. polys akin to L<br />

plenus full 1 a : many : several : diverse : much : -,<br />

- polytonality polycentric polycotyledon polycross<br />

polyarthritis b : excessive : abnormal : -<br />

polygalactia polychromia polydactylous 2 chem a<br />

: containing more than one <strong>and</strong> esp. more than two or three<br />

units <strong>of</strong> a specified substance polyatomic polysulfide <br />

compare - b :polymerized : polymeric : polymer <strong>of</strong> a<br />

specified monomer polyethylene<br />

pomi- combining form LL pomum, fr. L, fruit : apple pomiform<br />

pomivorous<br />

-poo suffix origin unknown used as a disparaging diminutive<br />

cutesy-poo drinkipoo<br />

-pora n combining form NL, fr. L porus bodily passage, pore<br />

: one or ones having such a passage or pore or such or so<br />

many passages or pores chiefly in generic names<br />

Heliopora Millepora<br />

-pore n combining form - L porus : opening atriopore<br />

blastopore<br />

poro- combining form Gk poros pore : pore porogamy<br />

post- prefix ME, fr. L, fr. post adv. prep. akin to Gk<br />

Arcadian Cyprian dial. pos toward, on, at, Skt paśca<br />

behind, after, later, OE <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>, from, <strong>of</strong>f 1 a : after : subsequent<br />

: later postdate postentry postnati b : behind<br />

postfix : posterior postabdomen : following after postconsonantal<br />

2 a : subsequent to : later than postadolescence<br />

postclassical postoperative postwar b :behind<br />

: posterior to postantennal postcardinal postocular<br />

postero- combining form L posterus coming after 1 :posterior<br />

<strong>and</strong> posteroanterior posterolateral 2 :at the back part<br />

<strong>of</strong> posterodorsal<br />

potam- or potamo- combining form L potamo-, fr. Gk potam-,<br />

potamo-, fr. potamos akin to Gk piptein to fall 1 : river<br />

potamic potamodromous 2 : electric current potamometer<br />

-praxia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk praxis action + NL -ia<br />

: performance <strong>of</strong> movements echopraxia parapraxia<br />

-praxis n combining form, pl -praxises also -praxes NL, fr. Gk<br />

praxis doing, action : therapeutic treatment usu. by a specified<br />

system or agency chiropraxis radiopraxis<br />

pre- prefix ME, fr. OF L OF, fr. L prae-, fr. prae 1 a 1<br />

: earlier than : prior to : before predeparture prehistoric<br />

pre-Slavic pre-Victorian 2 : preparatory or prerequisite<br />

to premedical prepr<strong>of</strong>essional 3 : in a formative, incipient,<br />

or preliminary stage precartilage b : in advance<br />

: beforeh<strong>and</strong> precut prejudge preplan 2 a : in front <strong>of</strong><br />

: before preaxial premolar b : at the front : anterior<br />

: constituting a front part preabdomen presternum 3 a<br />

: exceedingly prenoble preadore b petrography : predominating<br />

in a ratio greater than 5:3 prealkalic precalcic<br />

prechloric<br />

presby- or presbyo- combining form NL, fr. Gk presby- older,<br />

fr. presbys old man : old age presbyopia presbyophrenia<br />

preter- also praeter- combining form L praeter past, by,<br />

beyond, fr. L prae before 1 :past : by preterist 2 :beyond<br />

the range <strong>of</strong> : surpassing preternormal<br />

pri- combining form NL, fr. Gk prin saw more at -<br />

: saw : resembling a saw Priacanthus priodont<br />

prion- or priono- combining form NL, fr. Gk prion-, fr. prin<br />

saw, fr. priein to saw : saw : having an action or appearance<br />

like that <strong>of</strong> a saw Prionodesmacea prionodont<br />

-prion n combining form NL, fr. Gk prin saw : creature with<br />

a specified kind <strong>of</strong> sawlike part in generic names<br />

Diprion<br />

-privic adj combining form L privus deprived <strong>of</strong>, without, private<br />

+ E -ic : deficient in a specified thing or element<br />

parathyroprivic<br />

pro- prefix ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. pro 1 a : earlier than<br />

: prior to : before probaptismal b :rudimentary : -<br />

proanthropus Promammalia proembryo 2 a : situated<br />

before : located in front <strong>of</strong> : anterior to procerebrum b<br />

: front : anterior prothorax 3 :projecting prognathous<br />

pro- prefix L also used esp. with verbs to mean before,<br />

forward, forth, down, on behalf <strong>of</strong>, fr. pro before, in<br />

front <strong>of</strong>, in behalf <strong>of</strong>, for, on account <strong>of</strong> 1 :taking the place<br />

<strong>of</strong> : substituting for procathedral pro-regent pro-treasurer<br />

2 : siding with : advocating : favoring : supporting<br />

: championing pro-British pro-liberalism<br />

proli- combining form L proles <strong>of</strong>fspring, progeny : <strong>of</strong>fspring<br />

prolicidal proligerous<br />

prop- combining form ISV, fr. propionic in propionic acid<br />

: related to propionic acid propane propyl<br />

pros- prefix LL, fr. Gk, fr. pros near, toward, to, prob. alter.<br />

influenced by Gk dial. pos toward <strong>of</strong> proti more at -<br />

1:near : toward prosenchyma 2 prob. influenced in meaning<br />

by Gk pro before : in front prosencephalon<br />

proso- combining form NL, fr. Gk pros forward, fr. proti near,<br />

toward, to 1 :in front Prosobranchia 2 :in a forward<br />

direction : onward prosoplasia<br />

prosop- or prosopo- combining form LL prosopo-, fr. Gk<br />

prosp-, prospo- person, face, fr. prospon, fr. pros- + -pon<br />

fr. p-, ps face, eye 1 :person prosopography 2 :face<br />

prosopalgia Prosopothrips<br />

prot- or proto- combining form ME protho-, fr. MF, fr. LL<br />

proto-, fr. LGk prt-, prto-, fr. Gk, fr. prtos akin to Gk pro<br />

before, ahead 1 a : first in time protohistoric protonymph<br />

b :first in status : chief in rank or importance : principal<br />

protocerebrum protocone c :beginning : tending<br />

toward : giving rise to prot<strong>of</strong>ascism protoplanet 2 chem<br />

a:first or lowest <strong>of</strong> a series : member <strong>of</strong> a series having or<br />

supposed to have the smallest relative amount <strong>of</strong> the element<br />

or radical indicated in the name to which it is prefixed protoxide<br />

protochloride b :substance held to be the parent <strong>of</strong><br />

the substance to the name <strong>of</strong> which it is prefixed protoactinium<br />

c :first or primary product <strong>of</strong> decomposition protoproteose<br />

3 biol a : archetypal protomorph protonephros<br />

b :first formed : primary protoderm protoxylem<br />

4 usu cap : belonging to or constituting the recorded or<br />

assumed language that is ancestral to a language or to a group<br />

<strong>of</strong> related languages or dialects usu. spelled proto- <strong>and</strong><br />

joined to a capitalized second element with a hyphen<br />

Proto-Arabic Proto-Indo-European<br />

prote- or proteo- combining form ISV, fr. F protéine protein<br />

: protein proteolysis proteose<br />

proter- or protero- combining form NL, fr. Gk proter-, protero-,<br />

fr. proteros akin to Gk pro before, ahead : before : earlier<br />

: former proterozoic proteranthous<br />

proximo- combining form proximal : proximal proximobuccal<br />

opposed to distpsamm-<br />

or psammo- combining form Gk, fr. psammos : s<strong>and</strong><br />

psammobiotic psammophile<br />

pseud- or pseudo- combining form ME pseudo-, fr. LL pseud-,<br />

pseudo-, fr. Gk, fr. pseuds, fr. pseudein to lie, cheat, falsify 1<br />

: false: a :sham : feigned : fake pseudodramatic pseudoserious<br />

b : counterfeit : spurious pseudoantique c

---

psil- 46<br />

radio-<br />

: quack pseudoanalyst d :fictitious pseudobiography e<br />

: unreal : illusory pseudohallucination 2 a : substance<br />

deceptively resembling a specified thing pseudomalachite<br />

b:temporary or substitute formation similar to a specified<br />

thing pseudobranchia pseudopodium 3 :chemical compound<br />

resembling, isomeric with, or related to a specified<br />

compound pseudocumene 4 :abnormal : aberrant pseudarthrosis<br />

pseudembryo pseudovum<br />

psil- or psilo- combining form Gk, fr. psilos akin to Gk psn to<br />

rub, wipe : mere : bare psilomelane Psilopsida<br />

psor- or psoro- combining form NL, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. psra<br />

: itch psorergates psorosperm<br />

psych- or psycho- combining form Gk, fr. psych life, spirit,<br />

soul, self 1 :soul : spirit psychogram psychopannychism<br />

psychotheism 2 a : mind : mental processes <strong>and</strong> activities<br />

psychodynamic psychology psychometric b :psychological<br />

methods psychoanalysis psychotherapy c :cerebral<br />

psychosurgery psychotropic d :mental <strong>and</strong> : psychic<br />

<strong>and</strong> psychogalvanic psychophysical<br />

psychro- combining form Gk, fr. psychros, fr. psychein to make<br />

cold : cold psychrometer<br />

pter- or ptero- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. pteron : feather<br />

: wing pteridium pterodactyl<br />

-ptera n combining form NL, fr. Gk, neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -pteros -pterous<br />

: organism or organisms having such or so many wings<br />

or winglike parts in taxonomic names esp. in zoology<br />

Hemiptera Physaloptera<br />

pterid- or pterido- combining form GK pterid-, pteris : fern<br />

pteridography pteridoid<br />

-pteris n combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. pteris : fern in<br />

generic names Glossopteris Ornithopteris<br />

-pterous adj combining form Gk -pteros -winged, fr. pteron<br />

wing, feather : having so many or such wings or winglike<br />

parts anisopterous hexapterous trichopterous<br />

-pterus n combining form NL, fr. Gk -pteros -pterous : one<br />

having such wings or winglike structures in generic<br />

names Chaetopterus Trachypterus<br />

pteryg- or pterygo- combining form Gk, fr. pteryg-, pteryx akin<br />

to Gk pteron wing, feather 1 : wing : fin pterygoblast<br />

pterygobranchiate 2 :pterygoid <strong>and</strong> pterygomalar<br />

-pterygii n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk pteryg-, pteryx wing,<br />

fin : winged ones : finned ones in taxonomic names<br />

Chrondropterygii Neopterygii Pleuropterygii<br />

-pteryx n combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. pteryx wing more<br />

at - : winged one : finned one in generic names<br />

Dipteryx Odontopteryx<br />

ptil- or ptilo- combining form NL, fr. Gk ptilon akin to Gk<br />

pteron feather : down : feather Ptilocercus<br />

-ptile n combining form - Gk ptilon : feather neossoptile<br />

teleoptile protoptile<br />

ptyal- or ptyalo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. ptyalon spittle,<br />

saliva, fr. ptyein to spit : saliva ptyalagogue ptyalorrhea<br />

ptych- or ptycho- combining form Gk ptych-, fr. ptych, fr. ptyssein<br />

to fold : fold : layer Ptychosperma<br />

-ptysis n combining form, pl -ptyses NL, fr. Gk, act <strong>of</strong> spitting,<br />

fr. ptyein to spit : spittle : spit hemoptysis plasmoptysis<br />

pulmo- combining form L pulmo 1 :lung pulmometry 2<br />

: pulmonic <strong>and</strong> pulmogastric<br />

pulmon- also pulmoni- or pulmono- combining form L pulmon-,<br />

pulmo : lung pulmonal pulmoniferous : pulmonary<br />

<strong>and</strong> pulmonocardiac<br />

pupillo- combining form L pupilla pupil <strong>of</strong> the eye : pupil<br />

pupillodilator<br />

purpuri- combining form L purpura : purple purpuriparous<br />

purpuriferous<br />

-pus n combining form NL -pod-, -pus, fr. Gk -pod-, -pous, fr.<br />

pod-, pous foot : creature having such a foot or feet monopus<br />

Lycopus chiefly in generic names in zoology<br />

mastigopus Pygopus compare -<br />

py- or pyo- combining form Gk, fr. pyon pus 1 :marked by<br />

the presence <strong>of</strong> pus in or with pyolymph pyemia 2 :due<br />

to or associated with a pus-producing infection : suppurative<br />

pyonephritis pyophthalmia<br />

pycn- or pycno- combining form L, fr. Gk pykn-, pykno-, fr.<br />

pyknos akin to Gk pyka thickly, Alb puth kiss, Av pus- headb<strong>and</strong><br />

basic meaning: pressed together : close : compact<br />

: dense : bulky pycnic pycnidium pycnogonid<br />

pyel- or pyelo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, trough, vat, fr. pyelos<br />

akin to Gk plynein to wash, plein to sail, float 1 :pelvis<br />

pyelometry pyelic 2 :renal pelvis pyelogram pyelitis<br />

pyg- or pygo- combining form Gk, fr. pyg : rump : buttocks<br />

pygalgia pgyostyle<br />

-pyga or -pygia n combining form -pyga fr. NL, fr. Gk pyg<br />

rump -pygia fr. NL, fr. Gk pyg + NL -ia : creature having<br />

such a rump in generic names in zoology Eurypyga<br />

Macropygia<br />

pykno- combining form : pyl-<br />

or pyle- or pylo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. pyl gate<br />

: portal vein pylethrombophlebitis<br />

-pyle n combining form - ISV, fr. Gk pyl gate : opening : orifice<br />

micropyle apopyle<br />

pylor- or pyloro- combining form LL pylorus : pylorus pyloralgia<br />

pylorocleisis<br />

pyopneumo- combining form NL, fr. py- + pneum- : containing<br />

or characterized by the presence <strong>of</strong> both pus <strong>and</strong> gas<br />

pyopneumocyst pyopneumoperitonitis<br />

pyr- or pyro- combining form ME pyro-, fr. MF pyr-, pyro-, fr.<br />

LL, fr. Gk, fr. pyr 1 a : fire : heat pyrometer pyrheliometer<br />

b :pyrogenous <strong>and</strong> pyromagnetic 2 a : derivative by<br />

the action <strong>of</strong> heat esp : derived from the corresponding ortho<br />

acid by loss usu. <strong>of</strong> one molecule <strong>of</strong> water from two molecules<br />

<strong>of</strong> acid in names <strong>of</strong> inorganic acids pyrophosphoric<br />

acid compare - 4b, - 3 b :due to or attributed to<br />

the action <strong>of</strong> fire or heat pyrochlore pyrometamorphism<br />

also : <strong>of</strong> fiery color pyrophanite 3 :fever : fever producing<br />

pyrotoxin pyrogen<br />

pyramido- combining form NL, fr. L pyramid-, pyramis pyramid<br />

1 :pyramidally pyramidoattenuate 2 :pyramidal <strong>and</strong><br />

pyramidoprismatic<br />

pyren- or pyreno- combining form NL, fr. Gk pyrn-, pyrno-,<br />

fr. pyrn 1 : stone <strong>of</strong> a fruit pyrenocarp 2 : nucleolus<br />

pyrenematous pyrenin<br />

pyret- or pyreto- combining form Gk, fr. pyretos burning heat,<br />

fever, fr. pyr fire : fever pyretogenesis pyretetiology<br />

pyrrh- or pyrrho- also pyrro- combining form Gk pyrrh-,<br />

pyrrho-, fr. pyrrhos red, tawny, fr. pyr fire : red : tawny<br />

pyrrhite pyrrhotite<br />

quadri- or quadr- or quadru- combining form ME, fr. L akin<br />

to L quattuor four 1 a : four quadriliteral quadrual b<br />

: square quadric c : - quadribasic 2 : fourth<br />

quadricentennial 3 :quadric quadricone<br />

quart- combining form L, fr. quartus : fourth quartic<br />

quater- combining form ISV, fr. L quater four times : -<br />

esp. in names <strong>of</strong> organic compounds to denote the quadrupling<br />

<strong>of</strong> a radical or molecule quaterphenyl quaterthiazole<br />

quinque- or quinqu- combining form L, fr. quinque five 1<br />

: five quinquecapsular quinquelateral 2 :into five parts<br />

quinquesection<br />

quint- or quinti- combining form ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. quintus<br />

akin to L quinque five 1 :fifth quintillion 2 :-<br />

quintiped 3 :a specified musical instrument having its<br />

pitch a fifth above the normal<br />

rachi- or rachio- also rhachi- or rhachio- combining form Gk<br />

rhachi-, fr. rhachis lower part <strong>of</strong> the back, spine, backbone<br />

akin to Gk rhachos thorn hedge, MIr fracc needle, Lith raas<br />

stubble, tine <strong>of</strong> a fork : spine : spinal : spinal <strong>and</strong> rachicentesis<br />

rachiodont rachiometer<br />

-rachidia n combining form - NL, fr. rachid-, rachis + -ia<br />

: condition <strong>of</strong> the spine atelorachidia<br />

radio- combining form F, fr. L radius ray 1 a : radial : radially<br />

radiosymmetrical radiolitic b :radial <strong>and</strong> radiobicipital<br />

2 a : radiant energy : radiation radioactive radioder

---

ani- 47<br />

-s<br />

matitis b :radioactive radioelement c :radium : X rays<br />

radiotherapy d :radioactive isotope esp. as produced artificially<br />

radiocarbon e :radio radiotelegraphy radiophotograph<br />

rani- combining form L rana : frog raniform<br />

re- prefix ME, fr. OF, fr. L re-, red- 1 :again : anew redo<br />

retell usu. joined to the second element by a hyphen<br />

when 1 the word as re-create would otherwise be confused<br />

with another word as recreate <strong>of</strong> different meaning, or 2<br />

the word as re-recover has a second element beginning with<br />

re-, or 3 the second element begins with a capital letter as<br />

re-Christianization 2 :back : backward recall<br />

rect- or recti- combining form L rectus : straight, right rectilineal<br />

rectangular<br />

rect- or recto- combining form NL rectum 1 :rectum rectocele<br />

2 :rectal <strong>and</strong> rectoabdominal<br />

religio- combining form religion : religion religiocentric<br />

: religious <strong>and</strong> religiophilosophical<br />

remi- combining form L, fr. remus oar : oar remiform<br />

remiped<br />

reni- combining form L renes kidneys 1 :kidney reniform<br />

renipuncture 2 :nephridial <strong>and</strong> renicardiac renipericardial<br />

reno- combining form L renes kidneys 1 :kidney renography<br />

2 :renal <strong>and</strong> renocutaneous renogastric renointestinal<br />

renopulmonary<br />

rere- combining form ME, fr. MF rere, riere backward, behind,<br />

fr. L retro more at - : subsequent : rear rere-banquet<br />

resino- combining form L resina resin 1 :resin resinography<br />

resinogenous 2 :resinous <strong>and</strong> resinoextractive resinovitreous<br />

reticul- or reticulo- also reticuli- combining form L, fr. reticulum<br />

1 :a reticulum reticulocyte 2 :the reticulum reticulitis<br />

3 :reticulose <strong>and</strong> reticuloramose reticulovenose<br />

reticulato- combining form L reticulatus reticulated fr. reticulum<br />

+ -atus -ate + E -o- : reticulately reticulatocoalescent<br />

reticulatogranulate reticulatoramose reticulatovenose<br />

retin- or retini- also retina- combining form NL, fr. Gk rhtin<br />

resin : resin Retinispora retinoid retinalite<br />

retin- or retino- combining form fr. retina : retina retinitis<br />

retinoscope<br />

retro- prefix ME, fr. L, fr. retro, adv., backward, back, behind,<br />

fr. re- back, again + -tro as in intro inwardly more at -,<br />

- 1 a : backward : back : retroverse retromingent<br />

retro-rocket retroserrate b :back in time : past retrodict<br />

retrocognition 2 a : situated behind retrochoir b<br />

: situated behind a specified part retroauricular retropubic<br />

3 :contrary to the usual or natural course : retrograde<br />

retroinfection<br />

rhabd- or rhabdo- combining form LGk, fr. Gk, fr. rhabdos<br />

rod 1 :rod : stick rhabdonema 2 :rodlike structure rhabdolith<br />

rhabdosome<br />

rhamn- combining form ISV, fr. NL Rhamnus : buckthorn<br />

: rhamnose rhamnitol<br />

rhamph- or rhampho- combining form Gk, fr. rhamphos akin<br />

to Gk rhabdos rod : beak : crooked beak Rhamphocharus<br />

rhamphoid<br />

rheo- combining form Gk rheos anything flowing, stream, fr.<br />

rhein to flow : flow : current rheotaxis rheostat<br />

rhin- or rhino- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. rhin-, rhis nose<br />

perh. akin to Skt sara flowing, Gk oros whey 1 a : nose<br />

rhinitis rhinology b : nose <strong>and</strong> rhinolaryngology<br />

rhinopharyngitis 2 a : nasal rhinolith rhinocaul b<br />

: nasal <strong>and</strong> rhinopharyngeal<br />

-rhina n combining form NL, fr. Gk rhin-, rhis nose : one or<br />

ones having such a nose in taxonomic names in zoology<br />

Amphirhina Phyllorhina<br />

-rhinus n combining form NL, fr. Gk rhin-, rhis nose more<br />

at - : one having such a nose in generic names in<br />

zoology Megarhinus<br />

rhipi- combining form NL, fr. Gk rhipid-, rhipis fan : -<br />

rhipid- or rhipido- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. rhipid-, rhipis<br />

fan akin to Gk rhip-, rhips wickerwork, rhiptein to throw,<br />

OHG rban to grate, rub, turn, twist, MD wriven to rub, twist<br />

basic meaning: turning : fan chiefly in taxonomic names<br />

Rhipidistia Rhipidoglossa<br />

rhiz- or rhizo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. rhiza : root<br />

rhizanthous Rhizomys rhizophilous<br />

-rhiza or -rrhiza n combining form, pl -rhizae or -rhizas or<br />

-rrhizae or -rrhizas NL, fr. Gk rhiza root 1 :root : part<br />

resembling or connected with a root coleorhiza mycorrhiza<br />

2 :plant having such a root in genus names in<br />

botany Balsamorrhiza<br />

rhod- or rhodo- combining form NL, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr. rhodon<br />

rose : rose : red rhodium rhodoplast<br />

rhomb- or rhombo- combining form MF, fr. L, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

rhombos rhomb 1 :rhomb rhombencephalon rhombohedron<br />

2 :rhombic <strong>and</strong> rhomboquadratic rhombovate<br />

rhopal- or rhopalo- combining form LL, fr. Gk, fr. rhopalon<br />

: club Rhopalocera Rhopalura in taxonomic names in<br />

zoology<br />

rhynch- or rhyncho- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. rhynchos<br />

snout, bill, beak prob. akin to Gk rhonchos, rhonkos snoring,<br />

wheezing, rhenchein, rhenkein to snore, snort, OIr srennim I<br />

snore : snout chiefly in taxonomic names in zoology<br />

-rhynchus n combining form NL, fr. Gk rhynchos more at<br />

- : one having a snout, bill, or beak <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

kind in generic names in zoology Calyptorhynchus<br />

rib- or ribo- combining form ribose : related to ribose ribitol<br />

rib<strong>of</strong>lavin<br />

romano- combining form, usu cap Roman : Roman : Roman<br />

<strong>and</strong> Romano-Etruscan Romano-German<br />

romantico- combining form romantic : romantic <strong>and</strong> romantico-heroic<br />

romantico-literary<br />

rostr- or rostri- or rostro- combining form L rostr-, fr. rostrum<br />

1:beak : rostrum rostrad rostriform 2 :rostral <strong>and</strong> rostrolateral<br />

roto- combining form L rota wheel + E -o- : rotary rotospray<br />

roto-planer<br />

-rrhachis n combining form - NL, fr. Gk rhachis more at<br />

- : spine hematorrhachis<br />

-rrhagia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk, fr. rhgnynai to<br />

break, burst, rend : abnormal or excessive discharge or flow<br />

enterorrhagia rhinorrhagia<br />

-rrhaphy n combining form - F -raphie, -rrhaphie, fr. Gk<br />

-rrhaphia, fr. rhaptein to sew together : suture : sewing cardiorrhaphy<br />

nephrorrhaphy<br />

-rrhea also -rrhoea n combining form - ME -ria, fr. LL<br />

-rrhoea, fr. Gk -rrhoia, fr. rhoia, fr. rhein to flow : flow : discharge<br />

logorrhea Melanorrhoea mucorrhea<br />

-rrhexis n combining form, pl -rrhexes NL, fr. Gk rhxis action<br />

or process <strong>of</strong> breaking, fr. rhgnynai to break, burst, rend<br />

: rupture hysterorrhexis : splitting onychorrhexis<br />

-rrhine or -rhine adj combining form ISV, fr. Gk -rrhin- -rrhis,<br />

fr. rhin-, rhis nose more at - : having such a nose<br />

mesorrhine monorhine platyrrhine<br />

rumeno- combining form NL, fr. rumen : rumen rumenotomy<br />

russo- combining form, usu cap Russia Russian 1 :Russia<br />

: Russians Russophobia 2 :Russian <strong>and</strong> Russo-Japanese<br />

ruthen- or ruthenio- or rutheno- combining form ISV, fr. NL<br />

ruthenium : ruthenium : ruthenious ruthenammines<br />

rutheniopalladium ruthenonitrite<br />

-ry n suffix - ME -rie, fr. OF, short for -erie -ery : -<br />

pilotry wizardry pheasantry citizenry musketry<br />

ribaldry slovenry prelatry sergeantry b<strong>and</strong>itry<br />

peasantry<br />

-s n pl suffix ME -es, -s, fr. OE -as, nom. acc. pl. ending <strong>of</strong><br />

some masc. nouns akin to OS -os, nom. acc. pl. ending <strong>of</strong><br />

some masc. nouns, <strong>and</strong> prob. to Skt Vedic -sas, nom. pl.<br />

ending <strong>of</strong> some masc. nouns 1 a used to form the plural<br />

<strong>of</strong> most nouns that do not end in s, z, sh, ch, or postconsonantal<br />

y heads books boys beliefs parades states

---

-s 48<br />

scyt-<br />

compare - 1 b used to form the plural <strong>of</strong> proper nouns<br />

that end in postconsonantal y Italys Marys c used to<br />

form the plural <strong>of</strong> abbreviations, numbers, letters, <strong>and</strong> symbols<br />

used as nouns MCs 4s s <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>ten preceded by an<br />

apostrophe Bs ps s 2 ME -es, -s, pl. ending <strong>of</strong><br />

nouns, fr. -es, -s, gen. sing. ending <strong>of</strong> nouns functioning<br />

adverbially, as in nedes needs, alweys always, fr. OE -es <br />

used to form plural nouns with adverbial function denoting<br />

usual or repeated action or state always at home Sundays<br />

can reach him there mealtimes morningshe stops by the<br />

newsst<strong>and</strong> compare - 2<br />

-s n suffix used to form nicknames expressing affection or<br />

familiarity Moms Dads or designating a characteristic<br />

feature or activity <strong>of</strong> the person named Fats Freckles<br />

Cuddles Smiles or an object characteristically associated<br />

with the person named Boots Sparks<br />

-s vb suffix ME Northern North Midl<strong>and</strong> dial. -es, fr. OE<br />

Northumbrian dial. -es, -as, prob. fr. -es, -as, 2d pers. sing.<br />

pres. indic. ending more at - used to form the third<br />

person singular present <strong>of</strong> most verbs that do not end in s, z,<br />

sh, ch, or postconsonantal y falls takes plays compare<br />

- 1<br />

-s n suffix or pron suffix ME -s, -es, gen. sing. ending <strong>of</strong> nouns,<br />

fr. OE -es, gen. sing. ending <strong>of</strong> some masc. neut. nouns<br />

akin to OHG -es, gen. sing. ending <strong>of</strong> some masc. neut.<br />

nouns, ON -s, Goth -is, Gk -ou, Gk Homeric -oo, -oio, Skt<br />

-asya used to form the possessive <strong>of</strong> singular nouns<br />

boys, <strong>of</strong> plural nouns not ending in s childrens, <strong>of</strong> some<br />

pronouns anyones, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> word groups functioning as<br />

nouns the man in the corners hat or pronouns someone<br />

elses<br />

-s n pl suffix ME -s, alter. <strong>of</strong> -es more at - used to<br />

form the plural possessive <strong>of</strong> most nouns that do not end in s,<br />

z, sh, ch, or postconsonantal y girls workers voters<br />

sacc- or sacci- or sacco- combining form NL, fr. L sacc-, saccibag,<br />

fr. saccus : sac saccate sacciform Saccomys<br />

sacchar- or sacchari- or saccharo- combining form L saccharum,<br />

fr. Gk sakcharon, fr. Pali sakkhar, fr. Skt śarkar gravel,<br />

grit, sugar 1 :sugar saccharic sacchariferous saccharometer<br />

2 :saccharine <strong>and</strong> saccharomucilaginous<br />

sacr- or sacro- combining form ME sacr-, fr. MF L MF, fr.<br />

L, fr. sacr-, sacer 1 :sacred : something sacred sacral 2<br />

: sacred <strong>and</strong> sacropictorial<br />

sacr- or sacro- combining form NL, fr. sacrum 1 :sacrum<br />

sacral 2 :sacrum <strong>and</strong> sacrococcyx : sacral <strong>and</strong> sacrotuberous<br />

sali- combining form L, fr. sal : salt saliferous salimeter<br />

salicyl- or salicylo- combining form ISV, fr. salicyl salicyloyl<br />

: related to salicylic acid salicylamide salicyloyl<br />

salin- or salini- or salino- combining form saline 1 : salt<br />

: saline salinize saliniform salinometer 2 :saline <strong>and</strong><br />

salinosulfureous<br />

salping- or salpingo- combining form NL, fr. salping-, salpinx<br />

1:salpinx salpingectomy salpingemphraxis salpingitis<br />

2:fallopian tube salpingotomy salpingorrhaphy 3 a : fallopian<br />

tube <strong>and</strong> salpingo-oophorectomy salpingo-uterostomy<br />

b : eustachian <strong>and</strong> salpingonasal salpingopalatine<br />

salpingopharyngeal<br />

sangui- combining form MF, fr. L, fr. sanguis : blood sanguimotor<br />

sanguini- combining form fr. sanguine : - sanguinicolous<br />

sanguino- combining form F, fr. sanguin sanguine, fr. MF<br />

: blood sanguinopurulent<br />

sapr- or sapro- combining form Gk, fr. sapros perh. akin to<br />

Lith upti to rot 1 :rotten : putrid sapremia saprostomous<br />

2 :dead or decaying organic matter saprodontia<br />

saprophyte 3 : saprophytic Saprolegnia 4 : sapropel<br />

saprocoll saprodil<br />

sarc- or sarco- combining form Gk sark-, sarko-, fr. sark-, sarx<br />

: flesh sarcic sarcidium sarcoblast sarcosepsis<br />

-sarc n combining form - Gk sark-, sarx flesh : flesh : fleshy<br />

material ectosarc perisarc<br />

saur- or sauro- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. sauros : lizard<br />

-saura n combining form NL, fr. Gk saura, sauros : lizard <br />

in generic names Chamaesaura<br />

-sauria n pl combining form NL, fr. -saurus + -ia : lizards : animals<br />

resembling lizards in names <strong>of</strong> higher taxa<br />

Pterosauria Ankylosauria<br />

-saurus n combining form NL, fr. Gk saura, sauros : lizard <br />

in generic names in zoology Brontosaurus Icthyosaurus<br />

saxi- combining form L, fr. saxum akin to L secare to cut<br />

: rock saxicolous<br />

-scape n combining form - l<strong>and</strong>scape : view : pictorial representation<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified type <strong>of</strong> view cityscape waterscape<br />

scaph- or scapho- combining form scaphoid 1 : scaphoid<br />

scaphocephaly 2 :scaphoid <strong>and</strong> scapholunar<br />

scapi- combining form L scapus shaft <strong>of</strong> a column, stalk<br />

: scape : stem : shaft scapiform scapigerous<br />

scapul- or scapulo- combining form L scapula 1 : scapula<br />

scapulectomy scapulopexy 2 :scapular <strong>and</strong> scapuloaxillary<br />

scel- or scelo- combining form NL, fr. Gk skelos : leg scelalgia<br />

Sceloporus<br />

-schisis n combining form, pl -schises also -schisises NL, fr. Gk<br />

schisis cleavage, fr. schizein to split : breaking up <strong>of</strong> attachments<br />

or adhesions : fissure gastroschisis<br />

schisto- combining form NL, fr. Gk schistos divided, divisible<br />

: cleft : divided Schistocephalus<br />

schiz- or schizo- combining form NL, fr. Gk schizo-, fr. schizein<br />

to split 1 :split : cleft : divided schizaxon 2 :characterized<br />

by or involving cleavage schizogenesis : produced by<br />

cleavage schizocoel 3 :schizophrenia schizophasia<br />

sci- or scio- also scia- or skia- combining form NL, fr. Gk ski-,<br />

skio-, fr. skia : shadow sciogram scioptic scialytic<br />

skiascope<br />

scientifico- combining form scientific + -o- : scientific <strong>and</strong> scientificoromantic<br />

scientificophilosophic<br />

scler- or sclero- combining form NL, fr. Gk sklr-, sklro-, fr.<br />

sklros hard 1 a : hard : dry sclerite scleroblast b :sclerotic<br />

scleroderma c : hardness sclerometer 2 : sclera<br />

scleritis<br />

scolec- or scoleco- combining form Gk sklk-, sklko-, fr.<br />

sklk-, sklx worm, grub : worm scolecology scolecospore<br />

: scolex scolecoid<br />

-scolex n combining form NL, fr. Gk sklx worm, grub<br />

: worm in generic names Desmoscolex<br />

-scope n combining form - NL -scopium, fr. Gk -skopion, fr.<br />

skopein : a means as an instrument for viewing with the eye<br />

or observing in any way microscope<br />

scopi- combining form L scopa broom : brush scopiform<br />

-scopic adj combining form Gk scopein + E -ic 1 :looking in<br />

a specified direction basiscopic 2 :viewing or observing<br />

orthoscopic nooscopic<br />

-scopus n combining form NL, fr. Gk skopos : one that watches<br />

in generic names<br />

-scopy n combining form - Gk -skopia, fr. skopein to view +<br />

-ia -y : viewing, examination, scrutiny, observation fluoroscopy<br />

microscopy spectroscopy<br />

scoto- combining form, usu cap NL, fr. LL Scotus Scot 1<br />

: Scotch Scoto-Celtic 2 :Scotch <strong>and</strong> Scoto-Irish<br />

scr<strong>of</strong>ul- or scr<strong>of</strong>ulo- combining form NL, fr. ML scr<strong>of</strong>ula 1<br />

: scr<strong>of</strong>ula scr<strong>of</strong>ulosis 2 :scr<strong>of</strong>ulous <strong>and</strong> scr<strong>of</strong>ulotuberculous<br />

scut- or scuti- combining form NL, fr. L scutum shield 1<br />

: shield scutal scutella Scutibranchia 2 :scute : scutum<br />

scutation scutiped<br />

scyph- or scypho- also scyphi- combining form NL, fr. L scyphus<br />

cup, scyphus : cup : can : scyphus scyphiform<br />

Scyphozoa scyphose<br />

scyt- or scyto- combining form NL, fr. Gk skyto-, fr. skytos<br />

skin, leather : skin : integument scytitis scytoblastema

---

scytho- 49<br />

-sis<br />

scytho- combining form, usu cap L Scytha Scythian + E -o-<br />

: Scythian <strong>and</strong> Scytho-Aryan Scytho-Greek<br />

sebi- or sebo- combining form NL, fr. L sebum tallow, grease<br />

: fat : grease : sebum sebific seborrhea<br />

secret- or secreto- combining form secretion : secretion<br />

secretin secretomotor<br />

-sect adj combining form L sectus, past part. <strong>of</strong> secare to cut,<br />

divide : cut : divided pinnatisect<br />

-sect vb combining form --- L sectus, past part. <strong>of</strong><br />

secare : cut : divide bisect quadrisect<br />

-seism n combining form - Gk seismos earthquake : seismic<br />

movement tachyseism<br />

seismo- combining form Gk, fr. seismos : earthquake : vibration<br />

seismometer seismotropism<br />

selen- or seleno- also seleni- combining form L selen-, fr. Gk<br />

seln-, fr. seln moon akin to Gk selas light, brightness, L sol<br />

sun : moon : crescent-shaped Selenarctos selenomorphic<br />

Selenicereus<br />

selen- or seleni- or seleno- combining form Sw, fr. NL selenium<br />

: selenium selenic seleniferous selenobismuthite<br />

self- combining form ME, fr. OE self-, seolf-, sylf-, fr. self, seolf,<br />

sylf, pron. adj. 1 a : oneself or itself self-asserting<br />

self-loving b : <strong>of</strong> oneself or itself self-ab<strong>and</strong>onment<br />

self-congratulation c :by oneself or itself : independent<br />

: automatic self-rule self-feeder self-action self-propelled2<br />

a : to, with, for, or toward oneself or itself<br />

self-consistent self-concerned self-addressed self-love<br />

b:<strong>of</strong> or in oneself or itself inherently self-evident self-existent<br />

c :from or by means <strong>of</strong> oneself or itself self-fertile<br />

self-fruitful<br />

semi- prefix ME, fr. L akin to OE sam- half, OHG smi-,<br />

Gk hmi-, Skt smi- 1 a : precisely half <strong>of</strong>: 1 : forming<br />

a bisection <strong>of</strong> semiellipse semichord semicylinder<br />

2 : being a usu. vertically bisected form <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

architectural feature semiarch semibay semidome<br />

b:half in quantity or value : half <strong>of</strong> or occurring halfway<br />

through a specified period <strong>of</strong> time semirevolution<br />

semiannual semicentenary semiphase compare<br />

- 2 a : to some extent : partly : incompletely semi-independent<br />

semidry semiplastic semiacid semiquantitatively<br />

compare -, - b :having a specified<br />

characteristic for half the length or on one side semipinnate<br />

semiadherent 3 a : partial : incomplete semipositivism<br />

semieducation semiadherent semi-<br />

Augustinianism semiwig b :having some <strong>of</strong> the characteristics<br />

<strong>of</strong> a specified class or object semiluxury<br />

semicampus semibenzene semiporcelain semicitizen<br />

c semigovernmental semijudicial semimonastic<br />

semiubiquitous<br />

-semic adj combining form LL -semus fr. Gk -smos, fr.<br />

smeion unit <strong>of</strong> time, note, mark, sign + E -ic : having a<br />

specified number <strong>of</strong> units <strong>of</strong> prosodic time decasemic<br />

icosasemic<br />

semimicro- combining form semi- + micr- : <strong>of</strong>, involving, or<br />

for quantities intermediate in size between micro <strong>and</strong> macro<br />

quantities : on a scale intermediate between microchemical<br />

<strong>and</strong> macrochemical semimicrodetermination<br />

semito- combining form, usu cap Semitic : Semite : Semitic<br />

Semito-Hamite Semito-Hamitic<br />

sensori- also senso- combining form sensori- fr. sensory sens<strong>of</strong>r.<br />

L sensus sense : sensory : sensory <strong>and</strong> sensoparalysis<br />

sensorimotor<br />

-sepalous adj combining form sepal + -ous : having sepals<br />

gamosepalous tetrasepalous<br />

sept- or septi- combining form L, fr. septem : seven septinsular<br />

septifolious septillion<br />

sept- or septo- also septi- combining form NL, fr. septum<br />

: septum septal septifragal septocosta<br />

serbo- combining form, usu cap serb 1 :Serbian Serbophile<br />

2:Serbian <strong>and</strong> Serbo-Bulgarian<br />

sericeo- combining form LL sericeus sericeous : sericeous <strong>and</strong><br />

sericeotomentose<br />

serio- combining form serious 1 :serious seriocomedy 2<br />

: serious <strong>and</strong> serioludicrous<br />

sero- combining form L serum 1 :serum : connection with or<br />

relation to serum serodiagnosis 2 :serous <strong>and</strong> ser<strong>of</strong>ibrinous<br />

serpenti- combining form L, fr. serpent-, serpens : serpent serpentivorous<br />

serrato- combining form NL, fr. L serratus serrate : serrate<br />

<strong>and</strong> serratocrenate serratodentate<br />

serri- combining form : saw serriferous<br />

servo- combining form, usu cap servian : sesqui-<br />

combining form L, one <strong>and</strong> a half, half again, lit., <strong>and</strong><br />

a half, fr. semis half fr. semi- + -que <strong>and</strong> enclitic akin to<br />

Gk te <strong>and</strong>, Skt ca, Goth -h, -uh more at - : one <strong>and</strong> a<br />

half times sesquicentennial<br />

seti- combining form L seti-, saeti-, fr. seta, saeta : bristle<br />

setiferous<br />

sex- or sexi- combining form L sex : six sexannulate sexisyllable<br />

sexti- combining form L sextus sixth : six sextipara sextipolar<br />

-ship n suffix - ME -schipe, -shipe, -ship, fr. OE -scipe akin to<br />

OFris -skip, -skipi -ship, OS -skap, -skepi, -skipi, OHG -scaf,<br />

-scaft, ON -skapr all fr. a prehistoric Gmc word represented<br />

by OHG scaf nature, condition, quality akin to OE sceppan,<br />

scyppan to shape 1 :state : condition : quality sonship<br />

friendship scholarship 2 : <strong>of</strong>fice : dignity : pr<strong>of</strong>ession<br />

clerkship chancellorship lordship authorship 3 :art<br />

: skill horsemanship marksmanship seamanship 4<br />

: something showing, exhibiting, or embodying a quality or<br />

state township fellowship courtship 5 :one entitled to<br />

a specified rank, title, or appellation used with possessive<br />

pronouns his Lordship<br />

sial- or sialo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. sialon akin to L<br />

spuere to spit : saliva sialolith<br />

sicilo- combining form, usu cap L Sicilia Sicily : -<br />

Sicilo-Norman Sicilo-Muslim<br />

siculo- combining form, usu cap L siculus siculan : Sicilian <strong>and</strong><br />

Siculo-Arabian Siculo-Norman<br />

sider- or sidero- combining form MF, fr. L, fr. Gk sidr-,<br />

sidro-, fr. sidros : iron siderolite siderosis<br />

sidero- combining form L sider-, sidus star, constellation 1<br />

: star sideromancy siderostat 2 :sidereal siderograph<br />

sil- combining form silicon : containing or derived from silicon<br />

silane compare silic-<br />

or silico- combining form silicon or silicium 1 :relating<br />

to or containing silicon or its compounds silicone silic<strong>of</strong>luoride<br />

silicochlor<strong>of</strong>orm compare - 2 :silicic <strong>and</strong><br />

silicoalkaline 3 :silicosis <strong>and</strong> silicotuberculosis<br />

siliceo- combining form L siliceus siliceous : siliceous <strong>and</strong><br />

siliceocalcareous silice<strong>of</strong>eldspathic<br />

silici- combining form NL silica 1 :silex : silica siliciferous<br />

2 :siliceous <strong>and</strong> silicicalcareous<br />

siliqui- combining form NL siliqua : siliqua siliquiferous<br />

siliquiform<br />

sinico- combining form, usu cap sinic + -o- : Chinese <strong>and</strong><br />

Sinico-Japanese Sinico-Russian<br />

sinistr- or sinistro- combining form ML, fr. L sinistr-, sinister<br />

left, on the left side 1 a : left sinistrad b :better developed<br />

in or using preferentially the left sinistrocular 2 :levorotatory<br />

sinistrin<br />

sino- combining form, usu cap F, fr. LL Sinae 1 :Chinese<br />

Sinogram 2 : Chinese <strong>and</strong> Sino-American Sino-<br />

Japanese compare -<br />

sino- or sinu- combining form NL sinus 1 :relating to the<br />

sinus <strong>and</strong> sinorespiratory 2 :relating to the sinus venosus<br />

<strong>and</strong> sinuventricular<br />

siphon- or siphono- also siphoni- combining form NL, fr. Gk<br />

siphn-, siphno-, fr. siphn 1 : siphon : tube : pipe<br />

Siphonaptera Siphonophora Siphoniata siphonate 2<br />

: Siphonophora siphonosome siphonozooid<br />

-sis n suffix, pl -ses L, fr. Gk, fem. suffix <strong>of</strong> action 1 :process

---

sito- 50<br />

spin-<br />

: action : - analysis peristalsis arsis 2 :diseased<br />

state : disease produced by stephan<strong>of</strong>ilariasis<br />

sito- combining form Gk, fr. sitos 1 :grain Sitophilus sitosterol<br />

2 :food sitology<br />

skelet- or skeleto- combining form NL, fr. skeleton 1 :skeleton<br />

skeletal skeletology 2 :skeletal <strong>and</strong> skeletomuscular<br />

socio- combining form F, fr. L socius associate, companion 1<br />

: society sociography : social sociogram 2 :social <strong>and</strong><br />

socioeducational sociopolitical socioreligious 3 :sociological<br />

<strong>and</strong> sociolegal sociopsychiatric<br />

sodio- combining form NL sodium 1 :sodium <strong>and</strong> sodioaluminic<br />

sodiohydric 2 : containing sodium in place <strong>of</strong><br />

hydrogen used in names <strong>of</strong> organic compounds sodiomalonic<br />

ester sodionitromethane<br />

solen- or soleno- combining form Gk sln-, slno-, fr. sln<br />

: channel : pipe : tube also : tubular Solenodon solenocyte<br />

solenostele<br />

soli- combining form L, fr. solus : alone : solely soliloquy<br />

solifidian<br />

-soma n combining form NL -somat-, -soma, fr. Gk smat-,<br />

sma body akin to L tumre to swell 1 :one having such a<br />

body in generic names in zoology Dolichosoma<br />

Loxosoma <strong>and</strong> botany Crossosoma 2 pl -somas or -somata<br />

: body antinosoma hydrosoma : region or portion <strong>of</strong> a<br />

body mesosoma prosoma<br />

somat- or somato- combining form NL, fr. Gk smat-, smato-,<br />

fr. smat-, sma body 1 a : body somatology b :somatic<br />

somatize : somatic <strong>and</strong> somatopsychic 2 : soma<br />

somatoplasm<br />

-somata n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk smata, pl. <strong>of</strong> smat-,<br />

sma body : ones having such a body in names <strong>of</strong> zoological<br />

taxa larger than a genus Heterosomata<br />

-somatous adj combining form LL -somatus, fr. Gk -smatos,<br />

fr. smat-, sma body more at - : having such a<br />

body macrosomatous<br />

-some adj suffix ME -som, fr. OE -sum akin to OFris -sum<br />

-some, OHG -sam, ON -samr, Goth -sama -some, sama same<br />

: characterized by a specified thing, quality, state, or action<br />

awesome burdensome cuddlesome lonesome<br />

-some n suffix - ME northern dial. -sum, fr. ME sum, som,<br />

pron., one, a certain one, some, fr. OE sum, pron., one, a certain<br />

one, some, one <strong>of</strong> a group <strong>of</strong> so many members in such<br />

expressions as syxa sum one <strong>of</strong> a group <strong>of</strong> six members<br />

: group <strong>of</strong> so many members <strong>and</strong> esp. persons foursome<br />

twosome<br />

-some n combining form - NL -somat-, -soma -soma more<br />

at - 1 :- 2 chromosome trophosome ectosome<br />

2 :chromosome monosome<br />

-some adj combining form ISV, fr. NL soma body, fr. Gk sma<br />

more at - : having such a body eurysome<br />

-somia n combining form - NL, fr. soma + -ia : condition <strong>of</strong><br />

having such a body nanosomia<br />

-somic adj combining form ISV -some + -ic : having or being<br />

a body <strong>of</strong> chromosomes <strong>of</strong> which one or more but not all<br />

members exhibit such a degree <strong>of</strong> ploidy hexasomic<br />

monosomic<br />

somnambul- combining form NL, fr. somnambulus somnambulist,<br />

fr. L somnus sleep + -ambulus as in funambulus<br />

funambulist : somnambulism : somnambulist somnambular<br />

somni- combining form L, fr. somnus : sleep somnifacient<br />

-somus n combining form, pl -somi or -somuses NL, fr. Gk<br />

sma body more at - : one having such a body or<br />

so many bodies disomus nanosomus<br />

son- or soni- or sono- combining form L son-, soni-, fr. sonus<br />

: sound sonal sonification sonobuoy<br />

-sophy n combining form - ME -sophie, fr. OF, fr. L -sophia,<br />

fr. Gk sophia wisdom, fr. sophos skilled, clever, wise + -ia -y<br />

: knowledge or wisdom concerning something specified<br />

: science or study <strong>of</strong> something specified anthroposophy<br />

chirosophy physiosophy<br />

soredi- combining form NL soredium : soredium sorediferous<br />

sorediform soredioid<br />

-sorus n combining form NL, fr. sorus : one having sori <strong>of</strong> a<br />

specified kind in generic names <strong>of</strong> plants Camptosorus<br />

spatio- combining form L spatium 1 :space spatiography 2<br />

: spatial <strong>and</strong> spatiotemporal<br />

speci- or specie- or specio- combining form species : species<br />

speciogenesis speciation<br />

-specific combining form specific, adj. : relating or applying<br />

specifically to or intended esp. for gender-specific<br />

spectro- combining form NL spectrum 1 :spectral <strong>and</strong> spectrochemical<br />

2 :<strong>of</strong> or relating to spectra spectrophotography<br />

3 spectroscope : combined with a spectroscope spectropolarimeter<br />

sperm- or spermo- or sperma- or spermi- combining form Gk<br />

sperm-, spermo-, fr. spermat-, sperma seed, sperm : seed<br />

: germ : sperm : semen spermophile spermangium spermatheca<br />

spermidine spermiduct<br />

-sperma n combining form NL, fr. fem. sing. <strong>of</strong> -spermus -spermous<br />

: one having such a seed or germ in generic names<br />

<strong>of</strong> plants Lepidosperma<br />

-spermae or -spermeae n pl combining form NL, fr. -spermae,<br />

fem. pl. <strong>of</strong> -spermus -spermous : one having such a seed or<br />

germ in higher taxa in botany Angiospermae<br />

Gymnospermae Rhodospermeae<br />

-spermal or -spermous adj combining form -spermal fr. NL<br />

-spermum + E -al -spermous fr. NL -spermus, fr. Gk -spermos,<br />

fr. spermat-, sperma seed, sperm : having such or so many<br />

seeds : seeded perispermal polyspermous angiospermal<br />

spermat- or spermato- combining form MF, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

spermat-, sperma seed, sperm : seed : spermatozoan spermatangium<br />

spermatophore spermatocyte Spermatophyta<br />

-spermatous adj combining form Gk -spermatos, fr. spermat-,<br />

sperma seed, sperm : having such or so many seeds : seeded<br />

macrospermatous angiospermatous<br />

-spermia n combining form - NL, fr. -spermus -spermous + -ia<br />

: condition <strong>of</strong> having or producing such sperm azoospermia<br />

-spermic adj combining form NL -spermicus, fr. LL sperma<br />

sperm + L -icus -ic 1 :- 2 :being the product <strong>of</strong><br />

such a number <strong>of</strong> spermatozoa : resulting from such a<br />

multiple fertilization a trispermic egg polyspermicfertilization<br />

-spermum n combining form NL, fr. neut. <strong>of</strong> -spermus -spermous<br />

: plant having such seeds or such a seed characteristic<br />

in generic names Anthospermum<br />

-spermy n combining form - Gk -spermia, fr. -spermos -spermous<br />

+ -ia -y 1 :state <strong>of</strong> having such or so many seeds<br />

gymnospermy 2 : state <strong>of</strong> exhibiting or resulting from<br />

such a multiple fertilization polyspermy<br />

sphaer- or sphaero- also spher- or sphero- combining form LL<br />

sphaer-, sphaero-, fr. L, fr. Gk sphair-, sphairo-, fr. sphaira 1<br />

: ball : sphere Sphaerophorus calcospherite 2 :spherical<br />

: consisting <strong>of</strong> spherical elements spaeraphides spherometer<br />

-sphaera n combining form - NL, fr. L sphaera sphere : ball<br />

: sphere chiefly in taxonomic names Microsphaera<br />

-speak n combining form newspeak used to form esp. nonce<br />

words denoting a particular kind <strong>of</strong> jargon architectspeak<br />

Californiaspeak<br />

sphen- or spheno- combining form NL, fr. Gk sphn-, sphno-,<br />

fr. sphn 1 : wedge : wedge-shaped sphenogram<br />

Sphenodon 2 a : <strong>of</strong> or relating to the sphenoid sphenotribe<br />

b : sphenoidal <strong>and</strong> sphenomastoid sphenethmoidal<br />

sphingo- combining form ISV, fr. Gk sphingein to bind fast 1<br />

: deflection : bending sphingometer 2 : sphingomyelin<br />

sphingosine<br />

sphygmo- combining form Gk, fr. sphygmos akin to Gk<br />

asphyxia stopping <strong>of</strong> the pulse : pulse sphygmogram<br />

spin- or spini- or spino- combining form L spin-, spini- thorn,

---

spinoso- 51<br />

stere-<br />

spine, fr. spina thorn, spine, spinal column 1 a : spinal column<br />

: spinal cord spinogram b :<strong>of</strong>, relating to, or involving<br />

the spinal cord <strong>and</strong> spinothalamic 2 :spine spinate<br />

spiniform<br />

spinoso- combining form spinose + -o- : spinose <strong>and</strong> spinosodentate<br />

spir- or spiri- or spiro- combining form LL spir-, fr. L spira 1<br />

: coil : twist Spiranthes spirivalve Spirochaeta 2 :a<br />

chemical compound that contains one or more systems <strong>of</strong> two<br />

rings having a single atom in common with a resulting figureeight<br />

arrangement <strong>of</strong> atoms spiropentane<br />

spiro- combining form ISV spir- fr. L spirare to breathe + -o-<br />

: respiration spirometer<br />

splanchno- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. splanchnon entrail<br />

akin to Gk spln spleen : viscera splanchnomegaly<br />

splanchnoptosis<br />

splen- or spleno- combining form LL, fr. L, fr. Gk spln-,<br />

splno-, fr. spln spleen 1 :spleen splenectomy splenoma<br />

splenolysis splenorrhagia 2 : spleen <strong>and</strong> splenocolic<br />

splenolymphatic<br />

spondyl- or spondylo- combining form Gk spondylos spondyl,<br />

whorl 1 :vertebra spondylalgia spondylotomy 2 :whorl<br />

Spondylomorum<br />

-spondyli n pl combining form NL, fr. L spondylus vertebra<br />

: animals having such vertebrae in names <strong>of</strong> higher taxa<br />

Diplospondyli Lepospondyli<br />

-spondylus n combining form NL, fr. L spondylus vertebra<br />

: animal having such vertebrae in generic names<br />

Palaeospondylus<br />

spongi- or spongio- combining form L spongia 1 : sponge<br />

spongicolous spongiology 2 :spongy spongioblast<br />

-spongia n combining form NL, fr. L spongia : sponge in<br />

generic names <strong>of</strong> sponges Astylospongia<br />

-spongiae n pl combining form NL, fr. L spongiae : sponges <br />

in names <strong>of</strong> orders <strong>and</strong> other higher groups <strong>of</strong> sponges<br />

Silicispongiae<br />

-spongium n combining form, pl -spongia NL, fr. L spongia<br />

sponge : network <strong>of</strong> cells or fibrils neurospongium<br />

spongo- combining form Gk spong-, spongo-, fr. spongos<br />

spongology<br />

spor- or spori- or sporo- combining form NL spora : seed<br />

: spore sporocyst sporangium sporicide<br />

-spora n combining form NL, fr. spora seed, spore : organism<br />

having such a sporal characteristic in generic names<br />

Peronospora Isospora<br />

sporangi- or sporangio- combining form NL sporangium : sporangium<br />

sporangioid sporangiospore<br />

-spore n combining form - NL spora 1 :spore having such<br />

a characteristic or origin pycnidiospore 2 : spore membrane<br />

a dark epispore enclosing a hyaline spore<br />

-sporic or -sporous adj combining form NL spora spore + E -ic<br />

or -ous : having such or so many spores carposporic<br />

homosporous<br />

-sporidia n pl combining form NL, fr. pl. <strong>of</strong> sporidium : creatures<br />

bearing such small spores in higher taxa in protozoology<br />

Microsporidia Cnidosporidia<br />

-sporium n combining form NL, fr. spora spore + -ium 1 pl<br />

-sporia also -sporiums : such a coat or layer <strong>of</strong> a spore wall<br />

endosporium 2 :plant having such a spore in generic<br />

names Helminthosporium<br />

-spory n combining form - -sporic + -y : the quality or state<br />

<strong>of</strong> having such or such a number <strong>of</strong> spores apospory<br />

homospory<br />

squam- or squamo- combining form L, fr. squama 1 :scale<br />

: squama Squamata squamaceous 2 : squamosal <strong>and</strong><br />

squamomastoid : squamously squamocellular<br />

stamin- or stamini- combining form L stamin-, stamen : stamen<br />

staminody staminiferous<br />

stann- or stanni- or stanno- combining form LL stannum tin<br />

: relating to or containing tin stannide stanniferous stannotype<br />

: stannic stannane : stannous stannite<br />

staphyl- or staphylo- combining form MF staphyl-, fr. L<br />

staphyl-, staphylo-, fr. Gk, bunch <strong>of</strong> grapes, uvula, fr. staphyl<br />

bunch <strong>of</strong> grapes swollen uvula, uvula akin to Gk stemphylon<br />

olive pulp 1 a : bunch <strong>of</strong> grapes Staphylococcus b<br />

: staphyloma staphylotomy 2 a : uvula staphylectomy b<br />

: palate staphylion 3 :staphylococcic staphylocoagulase<br />

staphylodermatitis<br />

stasi- combining form Gk stasis condition <strong>of</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ing, stoppage,<br />

stature, position 1 :arrest <strong>of</strong> development : stoppage<br />

stasimorphy 2 :erect posture stasiphobia 3 :position<br />

stasimetric<br />

-stasia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk, fr. statos st<strong>and</strong>ing fr.<br />

the stem <strong>of</strong> histanai to cause to st<strong>and</strong> + -ia -y : condition <strong>of</strong><br />

st<strong>and</strong>ing : stoppage : - menostasia enhypostasia<br />

-stasis n combining form, pl -stases NL, fr. Gk stasis condition<br />

<strong>of</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ing, st<strong>and</strong>ing still, stoppage 1 :slowing or stoppage<br />

<strong>of</strong> normal flow hemostasis 2 : inhibition <strong>of</strong> the growth<br />

without destruction <strong>of</strong> bacteriostasis fungistasis 3 :tendency<br />

toward maintenance <strong>of</strong> stability homeostasis 4<br />

: retention : persistence trichostasis<br />

stat- combining form electrostatic : electrostatic statampere<br />

in names <strong>of</strong> electrical units<br />

-stat n combining form - NL -stata, fr. Gk -stats one that<br />

causes to st<strong>and</strong>, fr. the stem <strong>of</strong> histanai to cause to st<strong>and</strong> 1<br />

: apparatus or agent for keeping something specified stable<br />

or stationary gyrostat 2 :device for regulating or for maintaining<br />

something specified in a constant state cryostat<br />

rheostat thermostat 3 :instrument for reflecting something<br />

specified constantly in one direction heliostat<br />

siderostat 4 :device for studying something specified in a<br />

state <strong>of</strong> rest hydrostat 5 : agent causing inhibition <strong>of</strong><br />

growth without destruction bacteriostat fungistat<br />

-state n combining form - Gk statos st<strong>and</strong>ing, fixed, fr. the<br />

stem <strong>of</strong> histanai to cause to st<strong>and</strong> : substance produced<br />

through a specified process anastate catastate<br />

stato- combining form ISV, fr. Gk statos, verbal <strong>of</strong> histanai to<br />

cause to st<strong>and</strong>, set, place on a balance, weigh 1 :resting statoblast<br />

statospore 2 :balance : equilibrium statoreceptor<br />

statoscope<br />

stauro- combining form LL, fr. LGk, fr. Gk stauros pale, stake,<br />

cross : cross stauromedusae stauroscope<br />

steat- or steato- combining form Gk, fr. steat-, stear : fat : tallow<br />

steatolysis steatosis<br />

steg- or stego- combining form Gk steg, stegos ro<strong>of</strong>, fr. stegein<br />

to cover : covering plate or fold stegodon stegocarpous<br />

-stege n combining form - Gk steg ro<strong>of</strong>, fr. stegein to cover<br />

: covering plate or fold gastrostege urostege<br />

-stegite n combining form - Gk steg ro<strong>of</strong> + E -ite : segment<br />

<strong>of</strong> a carapace omostegite<br />

-stelic adj combining form stele + -ic : having a specified number<br />

or kind <strong>of</strong> steles astelic<br />

-stemonous adj combining form fr. assumed NL -stemonus,<br />

fr. Gk stmn warp, thread : having such or so many stamens<br />

diplostemonous isostemonous<br />

sten- or steno- combining form Gk, fr. stenos narrow, close,<br />

scanty : close : narrow : little stenobathic opposed to<br />

eurystep-<br />

combining form ME, fr. OE stop- akin to OFris stiapstep-,<br />

OHG sti<strong>of</strong>-, ON stjp- step-, OE stpan, stpan to<br />

deprive, bereave, OHG bistiufen to deprive <strong>of</strong> children or parents<br />

: related by virtue <strong>of</strong> a remarriage as <strong>of</strong> a parent <strong>and</strong><br />

not by blood stepaunt stepcousin stepgr<strong>and</strong>child<br />

stephan- or stephano- combining form Gk, fr. stephanos<br />

crown, fr. stephein to put round ones head, encircle, crown<br />

: crown : halo Stephanurus stephanome Stephan<strong>of</strong>ilaria<br />

-ster n suffix - ME -ster, -stere, -estere, fr. OE -estre female<br />

agent akin to MD -ster 1 :one that does or h<strong>and</strong>les or operates<br />

spinster tapster teamster 2 :one that makes or uses<br />

songster punster 3 :one that is associated with or participates<br />

in gamester gangster<br />

stere- or stereo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. stereos solid 1<br />

: solid : solid body stereospondylous stereopticon 2 a<br />

: stereoscopic stereocamera b :having or dealing with three

---

stern- 52<br />

sulfon-<br />

dimensions <strong>of</strong> space stereochemistry c :<strong>of</strong>, relating to, or<br />

considered with respect to stereochemistry stereospecific<br />

stern- or sterno- combining form F, fr. Gk, fr. sternon 1<br />

: breast : sternum : breastbone sternalgia sternad 2 :sternal<br />

<strong>and</strong> sternocleidomastoid<br />

steth- or stetho- combining form F stéth-, stétho-, fr. Gk stth-,<br />

sttho-, fr. stthos : breast : chest stetharteritis stethometer<br />

stib- or stibi- or stibio- also stibo- combining form stibium<br />

: antimony stibine stibiocolumbite stibophen<br />

-stich n combining form - L -stichon, fr. Gk, fr. neut. <strong>of</strong> -stichos<br />

having so many rows or lines, fr. stichos row, line,<br />

verse : poem or stanza consisting <strong>of</strong> so many lines decastich<br />

heptastich<br />

-stichous adj combining form LL -stichus, fr. Gk -stichos, fr.<br />

stichos row, line : having such or so many rows or sides<br />

diplostichous monostichous<br />

stom- or stomo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. stoma : mouth<br />

: stoma stomodaeum stomoisia<br />

-stoma n combining form, pl -stomata also -stomas NL, fr. Gk<br />

stoma 1 :mouth : opening : stoma hypostoma 2 or stomus<br />

: creature with such a mouth or stoma in generic names<br />

Bdellostoma Gnathostoma<br />

-stoma or -stomata n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk stomat-,<br />

stoma mouth : creatures with such a mouth or stoma in<br />

higher taxa in zoology Gnathostoma Plagiostomata<br />

stomat- or stomato- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. stomat-,<br />

stoma : mouth : opening : stoma stomatitis stomatoscope<br />

-stomate adj combining form stom- + -ate : -<br />

-stomatous adj combining form prob. fr. NL -stomatus, fr. Gk<br />

stomat-, stoma mouth : having such a mouth or opening<br />

: stomatous cyclostomatous<br />

-stome n combining form - ISV, fr. NL -stoma : mouth : opening<br />

resembling or functioning as a mouth cytostome<br />

-stomi n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk stoma mouth : creatures<br />

having such a mouth or opening in names <strong>of</strong> higher<br />

taxa in zoology Plagiostomi Aulostomi Selachostomi<br />

-stomia n combining form - NL, fr. stom- + -ia -y : mouth<br />

exhibiting such a condition stenostomia<br />

-stomia n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk stomion mouth<br />

: creatures sharing such a condition <strong>of</strong> the mouth in<br />

names <strong>of</strong> higher taxa in zoology Deuterostomia<br />

-stomous adj combining form NL -stomus, fr. Gk stoma mouth<br />

gymnostomous<br />

-stomum n combining form, pl -stoma NL, fr. Gk stoma mouth<br />

1:mouth : opening : stoma prestomum 2 :creature with<br />

such a mouth in generic names Amphistomum<br />

Oesophagostomum<br />

-stomus n combining form, pl stomi NL, fr. Gk stoma mouth<br />

1 : condition <strong>of</strong> having such a mouth microstomus 2<br />

: creature with such a mouth in generic names<br />

Agonostomus Catostomus Phyllostomus<br />

-stomy n combining form - ISV, fr. NL -stomia : -<br />

-stomy n combining form - ISV stom- + -y : surgical operation<br />

establishing a usu. permanent opening into such a part<br />

enterostomy or between such parts esophagogastrostomy<br />

strati- combining form NL stratum : stratum stratiform<br />

stratigraphy<br />

strato- combining form NL stratus : stratus <strong>and</strong> stratocirrus<br />

stratocumulus<br />

strato- combining form stratosphere : stratosphere<br />

strato-chamber<br />

strepsi- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. strepsis act or instance<br />

<strong>of</strong> turning, fr. strephein to turn : turned : twisted strepsitene<br />

strept- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. streptos twisted, pliant,<br />

fr. strephein to twist, turn 1 : twisted : twisted chain<br />

Streptococcus streptaster Streptomyces 2 :streptococcus<br />

streptosepticemia 3 :streptomycin streptamine<br />

stroph- or stropho- combining form Gk, fr. strephein to twist<br />

turn : twisting : turning strophosis strophocephaly<br />

styl- or stylo- combining form L stylo-, fr. Gk styl-, stylo-, fr.<br />

stylos : pillar Stylaster stylolite<br />

styl- or styli- or stylo- combining form styl- fr. earlier stil-, fr.<br />

L, stalk, fr. stilus stake, stalk, stylus styli- fr. earlier stili-, fr.<br />

ML styli- stylus, fr. L stilus stylo- fr. styl- + -o- 1 :style : styloid<br />

process stylate styliferous stylographic 2 :<strong>of</strong> or<br />

relating to a styloid process <strong>and</strong> stylomastoid<br />

-stylar adj combining form Gk stylos pillar + E -ar : having<br />

such or so many pillars : having such columniation<br />

amphistylar heptastylar<br />

-style n combining form - LL -stylon, fr. L, neut. <strong>of</strong> -stylos<br />

characterized by the presence <strong>of</strong> so many pillars, fr. Gk, fr.<br />

stylos pillar 1 a : structure characterized by the presence <strong>of</strong><br />

so many pillars polystyle b :structure with pillars cyrtostyle<br />

2 :animal part felt to resemble a pillar blastostyle<br />

pygostyle<br />

-style adj combining form L -stylos, fr. Gk, fr. stylos pillar<br />

: characterized by the presence <strong>of</strong> so many pillars distyle<br />

-stylic adj combining form Gk stylos pillar + E -ic : being or<br />

having such a connection <strong>of</strong> the jaw <strong>and</strong> skull hyostylic<br />

streptostylic<br />

-stylous adj combining form style + -ous : having such a style<br />

or such or so many styles in descriptive terms in botany<br />

dolichostylous monostylous<br />

-styly n combining form - ISV style + -y : condition <strong>of</strong> having<br />

such or so many styles in botanical terms heterostyly<br />

sub- prefix ME, fr. L, under, below, from below, up, near, further,<br />

after, fr. sub, prep. 1 :under : beneath : below subsoil<br />

subcutaneous subpier subdominant subhymenial 2 a<br />

: subordinate : secondary : next lower than or inferior to<br />

subcenter subfreshman subgenus b :subordinate portion<br />

<strong>of</strong> : subdivision <strong>of</strong> : derived from subcommittee subculture<br />

subdistrict subscience also : with repetition as<br />

<strong>of</strong> a process so as to form, stress, or deal with subordinate<br />

parts or relations subclassify sublet subbranch subcontract<br />

3 a : somewhat : slightly : less than completely or<br />

perfectly : inadequately : less than normally subacid subdominant<br />

subovate subarcuate subclinical subacute<br />

subconvulsive b 1 : containing only a relatively small proportion<br />

or less than the normal amount <strong>of</strong> such an element<br />

or radical suboxide not used systematically compare<br />

- 2 : basic in names <strong>of</strong> salts subacetate subnitrate<br />

not used systematically 4 a : almost : nearly subalate<br />

subcaulescent subabdominal Subakhmimic b<br />

: falling nearly in the category <strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>ten adjoining : bordering<br />

upon subadult subarid subarctic c :immediately<br />

following : after subapostolic sub-Mycenaean<br />

succin- or succino- combining form L succin-, sucin-, fr. succinum,<br />

sucinum amber 1 :amber succinic acid succinite<br />

succiniferous 2 :succinic acid succinamide succinonitrile<br />

sucr- or sucro- combining form ISV, fr. F sucre, fr. OF : sugar<br />

sucroacid<br />

sudano- combining form, usu cap sudan 1 : Sudanese<br />

: Sudanese <strong>and</strong> Sudano-Guinean 2 : Sudan dye<br />

sudanophil sudanophobic<br />

sul- combining form sulfonic : sulfonic sultam sultone<br />

sulf- or sulfo- or sulph- or sulpho- combining form sulf-, sulf<strong>of</strong>r.<br />

F, fr. L sulfur sulph-, sulpho- modif. influenced by sulphur<br />

<strong>of</strong> F sulf-, sulfo- : sulfur sulfhydryl sulfone sulfonium<br />

sulfocyanide: as a : sulfide sulfarsenide sulfochloride<br />

b :derived from sulfuric acid : sulfuric sulfamide<br />

c usu sulfo- : containing the sulfonic acid group esp.<br />

replacing hydrogen : sulfonic sulfoamino sulfobenzoic d<br />

: - 2 sulfochlorinate e :- sulfocyanate<br />

sulfa- or sulf- also sulpha- or sulph- combining form sulfa-,<br />

sulf- fr. sulfanilamide sulpha-, sulph- alter. influenced by sulphur<br />

<strong>of</strong> sulfa-, sulf- : derived from or otherwise closely related<br />

to sulfanilamide: as a sulfadiazine b :containing sulfanilyl<br />

sulfacetamide<br />

sulfon- also sulphon- combining form sulfon- ISV sulfonic

---

sumero- 53<br />

-tene<br />

sulphon- fr. obs. E sulphonic, fr. sulphone sulfone ISV sulf- +<br />

-one + E -ic 1 :sulfonic sulfonamide 2 :sulfonyl sulfonamido<br />

sulfonmethane sulfonphthalein<br />

sumero- combining form, usu cap Sumerian 1 : Sumerian<br />

Sumerology 2 :Sumerian <strong>and</strong> Sumero-Assyrian<br />

super- prefix L, over, above, in addition, fr. super, adv. <br />

prep. 1 a 1 : over <strong>and</strong> above : higher in quantity, quality,<br />

or degree : more than superst<strong>and</strong>ard superconscious 2<br />

: in addition : extra supertax 3 : <strong>of</strong> a secondary character<br />

superparasite b 1 : exceeding a norm superalkalinity<br />

supersecretion 2 : in excessive degree or intensity<br />

superingenious superrefined c : surpassing all or most<br />

others <strong>of</strong> its kind or class as in power, size, or complexity<br />

superbomber superweapon superstate 2 a : situated or<br />

placed above, on, or at the top <strong>of</strong> supertower superglacial<br />

specif : situated on the dorsal side <strong>of</strong> b :next above or higher<br />

superoctave supertonic 3 : having the specified<br />

ingredient present in a large or unusually large proportion<br />

superoxide compare - 4a, - 1b1 4 :having an<br />

additional dimension supercube supersurface 5 :constituting<br />

a more inclusive category than that specified superfamily<br />

superspecies 6 :superior in status, title, or position<br />

supersovereign<br />

supero- combining form L superus upper : situated above<br />

superoanterior superomedial<br />

supra- prefix L supra-, fr. supra above, on top, beyond, further<br />

back, earlier adv. prep. akin to L super over 1 a : above<br />

: higher than supraclavicular b :transcending supranational<br />

2 :situated on the dorsal or upper side <strong>of</strong> supraesophageal<br />

supracranial 3 :prior to supralapsarian<br />

sur- prefix ME, fr. OF sour-, sur-, fr. L super- more at<br />

- 1 a : over surprint surrevise surfuse b :excessive<br />

surcloy surexcitation 2 :above : up surbase<br />

sursum- combining form L susum, sursum under, from below,<br />

upwards, fr. subs- var. <strong>of</strong> sub- + versum, neut. <strong>of</strong> versus, past<br />

part. <strong>of</strong> vertere to turn : upward sursumvergence<br />

-sy n suffix - -s + -y : small one : one affectionately regarded<br />

mopsy popsy<br />

-syllabic adj combining form F -syllabique, fr. -syllabe -syllabic<br />

fr. L -syllabus, fr. Gk -syllabos, fr. syllab syllable + -ique<br />

-ic : having or relating to syllables <strong>of</strong> a specified kind or<br />

number ambisyllabic heptasyllabic imparisyllabic<br />

symbolo- combining form Gk symbolon : sign : symbol symbololatry<br />

sympathetico- combining form sympathetic nervous system 1<br />

: sympathetic sympatheticomimetic 2 : sympathetic <strong>and</strong><br />

sympatheticoadrenal<br />

sympathico- combining form NL sympathicus, fr. sympathia<br />

sympathy + -icus -ic : sympathetic sympathicotonia<br />

sympatho- combining form NL sympathicus more at -<br />

- : sympathetic sympatholytic<br />

syn- or sym- prefix syn- fr. ME sin-, syn-, fr. OF, fr. L syn-, fr.<br />

Gk, fr. syn with, together with, by means <strong>of</strong>, at the same time<br />

as, alter. <strong>of</strong> xyn sym- fr. ME sim-, sym-, fr. MF, fr. L sym-, fr.<br />

Gk, fr. syn- 1 :with : along with : together syncline syngenesis<br />

2 :at the same time synanthesis 3 :like : associated<br />

syntype<br />

synchro- combining form synchronized synchronous : synchronized<br />

: synchronous synchr<strong>of</strong>lash synchromesh<br />

syndesm- or syndesmo- combining form Gk syndesmos, fr. syndein<br />

to bind together : ligament syndesmosis : connection<br />

: contact syndesmochorial<br />

syring- or syringo- combining form Gk, panpipe, fistula, tube,<br />

fr. syring-, syrinx : tube : fistula syringadenous<br />

syro- combining form, usu cap L, fr. Gk, fr. Syros Syrian 1<br />

: Syria or Syrians Syrophile 2 :Syrian <strong>and</strong> Syro-Egyptian<br />

Syro-Iraqi 3 :Syriac <strong>and</strong> Syro-Aramaic<br />

tabo- combining form NL, fr. L tabes : progressive wasting<br />

: tabes tabophobia<br />

tacho- combining form ISV, fr. Gk tachos speed akin to Gk<br />

tachys swift more at - : speed tachogram<br />

tachy- combining form Gk, fr. tachys perh. akin to OIr dain-<br />

gen strong, firm, OSlav dgŭ strength : swift : rapid : accelerated<br />

tachycardia tachygenesis tachylyte tachymeter<br />

-tactic adj combining form Gk taktikos 1 :having an arrangement<br />

or pattern <strong>of</strong> chaetotactic 2 :showing orientation or<br />

movement directed by a specified force or agent geotactic<br />

phototactic 3 : having an arrangement or pattern <strong>of</strong> a<br />

specified kind homotactic<br />

taen- or taeni- or taenio- combining form L taenia 1 :ribbon<br />

: fillet taeniate taeniodonta 2 : tapeworm taeniasis<br />

taenicide taenifuge<br />

talco- combining form talcum : talc <strong>and</strong> talcochlorite : talcose<br />

<strong>and</strong> talcomicaceous<br />

talo- combining form L talus ankle, anklebone : astragalar <strong>and</strong><br />

tal<strong>of</strong>ibular talotibial<br />

talpi- combining form L talpa : mole talpiform<br />

tann- or tanno- combining form F, fr. tannin, tanin : tan : tannin<br />

: tanning substance tannogen tannase tannometer<br />

tantal- or tantalo- also tantali- combining form Sw, fr. NL tantalum<br />

: tantalum tantaliferous<br />

tany- combining form NL, fr. Gk, long, stretched out<br />

: stretched out Tanystomata Tanygnathus<br />

tars- or tarso- combining form NL, fr. tarsus 1 usu tarso- : tarsus<br />

tarsophyma tarsalgia tarsectomy 2 usu tarso-<br />

: tarsal <strong>and</strong> tarsoorbital tarsotibial<br />

tartr- or tartro- combining form F, fr. tartre tartar, fr. MF<br />

: tartar : tartaric acid tartramide<br />

taur- or tauri- or tauro- combining form taur-, tauri- fr. L, fr.<br />

taurus tauro- fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. tauros 1 :bull taurodont<br />

tauricide tauromorphic 2 :taurine taurocholic<br />

taut- or tauto- combining form LL, fr. Gk, fr. tautos identical,<br />

fr. to auto the same, fr. to, neut. definite article + auto neut.<br />

<strong>of</strong> autos same more at - : same tautomerism tautonym<br />

tax- or taxo- also taxi- combining form tax- fr. Gk taxis tax<strong>of</strong>r.<br />

F, fr. Gk taxis taxi- fr. F, fr. Gk, fr. taxis : arrangement<br />

taxaspidean taxeme taxidermy taxology<br />

-taxia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk more at -<br />

: - 1 heterotaxia<br />

-taxis n combining form, pl -taxes NL, fr. Gk taxis 1 :arrangement<br />

: order homotaxis 2 :taxis chemotaxis heliotaxis<br />

thermotaxis<br />

-taxy n combining form - Gk -taxia, fr. taktos verbal <strong>of</strong> tassein<br />

to arrange, order + -ia -y : - epitaxy pleiotaxy<br />

techno- combining form Gk, fr. techn 1 :art : craft technography<br />

2 :technical : technological technocracy technoculture<br />

3 :applied technopsychology<br />

-techny n combining form - F -technie, fr. Gk techn art,<br />

craft + F -ie -y : technical specialization hydrotechny metallotechny<br />

tecno- combining form Gk tekno-, fr. teknon : child tecnology<br />

tecnogenesis<br />

tel- or tele- also telo- combining form NL, fr. Gk tl-, tle- far,<br />

far <strong>of</strong>f, distant, fr. tle more at - 1 :distant : at a distance<br />

: over a distance telegram telegnosis telekinesis<br />

telesthesia television telodynamic 2 a : telegraph teletape<br />

teletypewriter b :television telecamera c :telephoto<br />

telelens d :telecommunication teleman<br />

tel- or telo- also tele- combining form ISV, fr. Gk tel-, telo-, fr.<br />

telos end, consummation, completeness 1 :end telangiectasia<br />

teloblast telemetacarpal 2 : complete : mature<br />

Telanthera Telanthropus<br />

tele- or teleo- combining form NL, fr. Gk teleio-, teleo-, fr.<br />

teleios, teleos, fr. telos end, consummation, completeness<br />

: complete : perfect teleodont Teleocephali<br />

teleut- or teleuto- combining form Gk teleut, fr. telos end<br />

: completion teleutospore<br />

tellur- or telluri- or telluro- combining form L tellur-, tellus<br />

earth 1 :earth tellurian tellurometer 2 :tellurium telluric<br />

telluriferous tellurobismuthite<br />

temporo- combining form temporal : temporal <strong>and</strong> temporomaxillary<br />

tempor<strong>of</strong>rontal<br />

-tene n combining form - L or Gk L taenia ribbon, b<strong>and</strong>, fr.

---

-tene 54<br />

thromb-<br />

Gk tainia : stage <strong>of</strong> meiotic prophase characterized by such<br />

chromosomal filaments diplotene pachytene<br />

-tene adj combining form -tene, n. comb. form : having such<br />

or so many chromosomal filaments polytene pachytene<br />

teno- combining form irreg. fr. Gk tenont-, tenn tendon akin<br />

to Gk teinein to stretch : tendon tenoplasty tenotomy<br />

ter- combining form L, fr. ter three times akin to Gk Skt tris<br />

three times, L tres three 1 :three times, threefold, thrice,<br />

three tercentenary 2 :- 4 esp. in names <strong>of</strong> organic<br />

compounds to denote tripling <strong>of</strong> a radical or molecule terphenyl<br />

tera- combining form ISV, fr. Gk teras monster : trillion terabyte<br />

terahertz<br />

terat- or terato- combining form Gk, fr. terat-, teras marvel,<br />

portent, monster akin to Lith keras enchantment, Skt kty<br />

action, enchantment, karoti he does, acts, <strong>and</strong> perh. to ON<br />

skars monster, skyrsi portent, Skt ścarya marvelous : monster<br />

teratism teratology<br />

-teria n combining form - cafeteria : place having self-service<br />

groceteria<br />

termito- combining form NL Termit-, Termes : termite termitophagous<br />

ternati- combining form NL ternatus ternate : ternately ternati-pinnate<br />

tessara- or tessera- also tessar- combining form L, fr. Gk tessara,<br />

tessera, neut. <strong>of</strong> tessares, tesseres, tettares four : four<br />

tessaraglot tesseradecade<br />

tetan- or tetano- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. tetanos<br />

: tetanus tetanogenic tetaniform<br />

tetart- or tetarto- combining form ISV, fr. Gk, fr. tetartos akin<br />

to Gk tettares, tessares four : one fourth tetartohedral<br />

tetra- or tetr- combining form ME, fr. LL, fr. L, fr. Gk akin to<br />

Gk tettares, tessares four 1 :four : having four : having four<br />

parts tetracarpellary tetrapartite tetratomic 2 : containing<br />

four atoms, radicals, or groups <strong>of</strong> a specified kind<br />

tetraboric tetracid<br />

-th or -eth adj suffix ME -the, -te, -ethe, fr. OE -tha, -ta, -otha,<br />

-etha akin to OHG -do, -to -th, ON -di, -ti, Goth -da, -ta, L<br />

-tus, Gk -tos, Skt -tha used in forming ordinal numbers<br />

tenth twentieth<br />

-th n suffix - ME -the, -th, fr. OE -thu, -th akin to OHG -ida,<br />

suffix forming abstract nouns, ON -th, Goth -itha, L -ta, Gk<br />

-t, Skt -t 1 :act or process spilth 2 :state or condition<br />

breadth greenth width<br />

thalam- or thalamo- combining form NL, fr. thalamus 1 :thalamus<br />

thalamencephalon thalam<strong>of</strong>ugal 2 :thalamic <strong>and</strong><br />

thalamocortical<br />

thalass- or thalasso- combining form Gk, fr. thalassa, thalatta<br />

: sea thalassemia thalassometer<br />

thall- or thalli- or thallo- combining form NL, fr. Gk thall-,<br />

thallo-, fr. thallos 1 :a young shoot : thallus Thallophyta<br />

thallium thalliform 2 :thallium thallic<br />

thamn- or thamno- combining form Gk, fr. thamnos akin to<br />

Gk thama frequent, <strong>of</strong>ten, tithenai to place, put : bush<br />

: shrub thamnophile<br />

thanat- or thanato- combining form Gk, fr. thanatos akin to<br />

Skt adhvant it vanished <strong>and</strong> prob. to L fumus smoke : death<br />

thanatoid thanatology<br />

the- or theo- combining form ME theo-, fr. LL, fr. L, god, fr.<br />

Gk the-, theo- god, God, fr. theos perh. akin to MHG getws<br />

ghost, Lith dvasia spirit, dvasas spirit, breath 1 a : God theism<br />

theocentric b :god theomancy 2 a : theological <strong>and</strong><br />

theoastrological b :theology <strong>and</strong> theomythology<br />

theatro- combining form Gk, fr. theatron : theater theatromania<br />

thec- or theci- or theco- combining form NL, fr. theca : theca<br />

theciferous thecitis Thecosomata<br />

-theca n combining form, pl -thecae NL, fr. L theca : sheath or<br />

covering <strong>of</strong> a specified type gonotheca myxotheca<br />

-thecium n combining form, pl -thecia NL, fr. Gk thkion small<br />

case, small chest : small containing structure endothecium<br />

-theism n combining form - MF -théisme, fr. thé- the- + -isme<br />

-ism : belief in such a god or such or so many gods pantheism<br />

zootheism<br />

-theist n combining form - MF -théiste, fr. thé- the- + -iste -ist<br />

: one that believes in such a god or such or so many gods<br />

hylotheist monotheist -theistic adj combining form<br />

thely- combining form Gk thly-, fr. thlys : female thelygenic<br />

theologico- combining form NL, fr. LL theologicus : theological<br />

<strong>and</strong> theologicophilosophical theologicopolitical<br />

theoretico- combining form theoretical : theoretical <strong>and</strong> theoreticopractical<br />

ther- or thero- combining form Gk thr-, thro-, fr. thr : wild<br />

beast Theromorpha therodont<br />

-theria n combining form NL, fr. Gk thria, pl. <strong>of</strong> thrion<br />

: beasts : animals in names <strong>of</strong> higher taxa <strong>of</strong> mammalian<br />

forms Prototheria<br />

therio- combining form Gk thrio-, thri-, fr. thrion : wild animal<br />

: beast theriolatry theriomimicry<br />

-therium n combining form NL, fr. Gk thrion : beast : animal<br />

in generic names <strong>of</strong> extinct mammalian forms<br />

Megatherium Titanotherium<br />

therm- or thermo- combining form Gk, fr. therm heat 1<br />

: heat thermacoustic thermochemistry 2 :thermoelectric<br />

thermopile<br />

-therm n combining form - Gk therm heat, fr. thermos hot 1<br />

prob. fr. F -therme, fr. Gk therm heat a :plant accustomed<br />

to a specified type <strong>of</strong> heat megatherm microtherm<br />

xerotherm b :animal having a specified body temperature<br />

ectotherm endotherm 2 : thermic line isobathytherm<br />

-thermia or -thermy n combining form, pl -thermias or -thermies<br />

NL -thermia, fr. Gk therm heat + L -ia -y : state <strong>of</strong> heat<br />

: generation <strong>of</strong> heat diathermy hypothermia<br />

-thermous adj combining form Gk -thermos, fr. therm heat<br />

: having such heat homothermous xerothermous<br />

thi- or thio- combining form ISV, fr. Gk thei-, theio- sulfur,<br />

brimstone, fr. theion prob. akin to Gk thyein to rage, seethe<br />

: containing sulfur thiamine esp : containing bivalent sulfur<br />

usu. in place <strong>of</strong> oxygen thiocyanic thioether compare<br />

- c<br />

thia- or thi- combining form ISV, fr. thi- + -a- : containing sulfur<br />

in place <strong>of</strong> carbon or regarded as in place <strong>of</strong> carbon usu.<br />

in place <strong>of</strong> the methylene group CH thiacyclohexane<br />

thiadiazole thiazole compare -, -<br />

thia- combining form : - thiachroman<br />

thigmo- combining form NL, fr. Gk thigma touch fr. thinganein<br />

to touch, h<strong>and</strong>le + NL -o- akin to L fingere to shape<br />

: touch thigmoreceptor<br />

thion- combining form ISV, fr. Gk theion more at -<br />

: sulfur thionic<br />

thion- or thiono- combining form thion- ISV, fr. Gk theion sulfur<br />

thiono- ISV, fr. Gk theion + ISV -o- : containing sulfur<br />

doubly bound to another atom as in the thiocarbonyl group<br />

thionothiolic<br />

-thionium n combining form - NL, fr. thi- + -onium : onium<br />

compound containing sulfur <strong>and</strong> usu. another element as<br />

nitrogen besides carbon in a ring phenazathionium<br />

thorac- or thoraci- or thoraco- combining form F thorac-, fr.<br />

LGk thrak-, fr. Gk thrak-, thrako- corslet, fr. thrak-,<br />

thrax corslet, chest 1 :chest : thorax thoracodynia thoracoplasty<br />

2 :thoracic <strong>and</strong> thoracispinal thoracolumbar<br />

thre- or threo- combining form ISV, fr. threose : threose threitol<br />

-thrix n combining form NL -trich-, -thrix, fr. Gk trich-, thrix<br />

hair 1 :one having such hair or hairlike filaments in<br />

generic names <strong>of</strong> plants <strong>and</strong> animals Lagothrix<br />

Streptothrix 2 pl -triches or -thrixes : pathological condition<br />

<strong>of</strong> having such hair lepothrix monilethrix<br />

thromb- or thrombo- combining form Gk thrombos lump, clot<br />

<strong>of</strong> blood, curd 1 a : blood clot thrombocyst b :associated<br />

with the clotting <strong>of</strong> blood thrombin thrombostasis 2<br />

: marked by or associated with thrombosis thromboangiitis

---

thym- 55<br />

tris-<br />

thym- or thymo- combining form ISV, fr. L thymum<br />

1 : thyme thymol 2 : thymol thymoquinone<br />

CHCHCHO<br />

thym- or thymo- combining form NL thymus : thymus : <strong>of</strong> the<br />

thymus thymoprivic thymectomize<br />

thym- or thymo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. thymos spirit,<br />

soul, mind : soul : spirit : emotion thymogenic thymotactic<br />

-thymia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk, fr. thymos spirit,<br />

mind, courage + -ia : such a condition <strong>of</strong> mind <strong>and</strong> will<br />

schizothymia<br />

thyr- or thyro- combining form thyroid 1 :thyroid thyrasthenia<br />

2 :thyroid <strong>and</strong> thyroarytenoid<br />

thyreo- combining form ISV, fr. Gk thyreoeids 1 :thyroid<br />

thyreotomy 2 :thyroid <strong>and</strong> thyreocervical<br />

thysan- or thysano- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. thysanos<br />

: tassel : fringe Thysanoptera Thysanura<br />

tibeto- combining form, usu cap tibet + -o- : Tibetan <strong>and</strong><br />

Tibeto-Chinese Tibeto-Himalayan<br />

tibio- combining form NL, fr. L tibia shinbone 1 :fused tibia<br />

<strong>and</strong> tibiotarsus 2 : tibial <strong>and</strong> tibiocalcaneal tibi<strong>of</strong>emoral<br />

titan- or titano- combining form NL titanium : titanium<br />

titanate titanocyanide titan<strong>of</strong>luoride<br />

toco- or toko- combining form Gk tokos, fr. tiktein to bear,<br />

beget : childbirth : <strong>of</strong>fspring tocogenetic tocology<br />

-tokous adj combining form Gk -tokos, fr. tiktein to bear<br />

: producing such or so many <strong>of</strong>fspring deuterotokous<br />

-toky n combining form - Gk -tokia, fr. -tokos + -ia -y : parturition<br />

: delivery deuterotoky<br />

tol- or tolu- combining form ISV, fr. tolu 1 :tolu toluol 2<br />

: toluene toluic tolyl : toluic toluate<br />

-toma n combining form - NL, fr. fem. <strong>of</strong> -tomus cutting, cut,<br />

segmented more at - : animal having a specified<br />

type <strong>of</strong> segmentation in generic names esp. <strong>of</strong> insects<br />

Triatoma<br />

-tome n combining form - NL -tomus, fr. -tomus cutting, cut,<br />

segmented, fr. Gk -tomos, fr. temnein to cut 1 :part : section<br />

angiotome gonotome 2 :cutting instrument microtome<br />

pharyngotome<br />

-tomous adj combining form NL -tomus more at - 1<br />

: cut : divided orthotomous rhachitomous 2 : cutting<br />

xylotomous<br />

-tomy n combining form - NL -tomia, fr. Gk, fr. -tomos cutting<br />

+ -ia -y more at - : incision : section carniotomy<br />

laparotomy sclerotomy<br />

-tonia n combining form - NL, fr. tonus + -ia -y : condition or<br />

degree <strong>of</strong> tonus hypotonia somatotonia<br />

tono- combining form Gk tonos tension, pitch, tone 1 :tone<br />

tonology tonoscope 2 :pressure tonometer tonotaxis<br />

tonsill- or tonsillo- combining form L tonsillae tonsils : tonsil<br />

tonsillectomy tonsillotomy<br />

-tony n combining form - NL -tonia : - hypertony<br />

top- or topo- combining form ME, fr. LL, fr. Gk, fr. topos 1<br />

: place : locality topophobia 2 :local topoalgia topectomy<br />

-topy n combining form - NL -topia, fr. Gk, way, place, fr.<br />

topos place + -ia -y : position : location heterotopy<br />

toti- combining form L totus whole, entire : whole : wholly<br />

totipalmate<br />

touch- combining form obs. touch-powder, powder used for<br />

priming a gun, fr. ME towchepoudre, fr. MF toucher to touch,<br />

kindle a fire + ME poudre powder : serving for quick ignition<br />

touchhole touchwood<br />

tox- or toxi- or toxo- combining form LL, fr. L toxicum poison<br />

1:toxic : poisonous toxidermic toxin 2 :toxin : poison<br />

toxoid<br />

tox- or toxi- or toxo- combining form Gk, fr. toxon bow, arrow<br />

1:bowed : arched Toxodonta 2:arrow : shaped like an arrow<br />

Toxoglossa Toxifera 3 :archery toxophily<br />

toxic- or toxico- combining form NL, fr. L toxicum : poison<br />

toxicology toxicophobia toxicemia<br />

trache- or tracheo- combining form NL, fr. ML trachea 1<br />

: trachea tracheoscopy 2 :tracheal <strong>and</strong> tracheolaryngeal<br />

trachel- or trachelo- combining form NL, fr. Gk trachl-,<br />

trachlo-, fr. trachlos 1 a : neck trachelology b :cervical<br />

<strong>and</strong> tracheloscapular 2 : necklike anatomical structure<br />

: cervix tracheloplasty<br />

trachy- combining form in sense 1, fr. NL, fr. Gk, fr. trachys<br />

rough, harsh in sense 2, fr. F, fr. trachyte 1 :rough : strong<br />

trachyglossate trachychromatic 2 :trachytic trachydolerite<br />

trachy<strong>and</strong>esite<br />

trans- prefix L trans-, tra- across, beyond, to the other side,<br />

through, so as to change, fr. trans across, beyond, on or to the<br />

other side, through 1 a : across transpolar transatlantic<br />

transoceanic b 1 : beyond transhuman transmundane<br />

2 : beyond a specified chemical element in the periodic<br />

table transplutonium transuranic c :through translucent<br />

transcutaneous d : completeness <strong>of</strong> change<br />

transshape 2 :transverse transfrontal transprocess 3<br />

: transfer : interchange in names <strong>of</strong> chemical reactions <strong>and</strong><br />

enzymes transamination<br />

traumat- or traumato- combining form LL, fr. Gk, fr. traumat-,<br />

trauma : wound : trauma traumatism<br />

trega- or treg- combining form trillion + -ega-, -eg- as in mega-,<br />

meg- : one million millions : trillion : 10 tregerg tregadyne<br />

-trema n combining form NL -tremat-, -trema, fr. Gk trmat-,<br />

trma hole 1 pl -tremas or -tremata : hole : orifice : opening<br />

helicotrema 2 :creature having such an opening in<br />

generic names Eurytrema<br />

-tremata n pl combining form NL, pl. <strong>of</strong> -trema : creatures<br />

having such an opening in names <strong>of</strong> orders <strong>and</strong> other<br />

higher taxa Derotremata<br />

-tresia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk trsis akin to Gk<br />

tetrainein to pierce + NL -ia : perforation proctotresia<br />

sphenotresia<br />

tri- combining form ME, fr. L akin to Gk tri-, L tria three 1<br />

: three triarch triact : characterized by or having three or<br />

three parts tricrotic tricycle tripod 2 :three times or in<br />

three ways trifarious trisonant also : into three trisect<br />

3:trice : every third triweekly triennial 4 :containing<br />

three atoms, radicals, or groups <strong>of</strong> a specified kind tribromide<br />

-tribe n combining form - Gk tribein to rub 1 :one that rubs<br />

against used esp. <strong>of</strong> flowers during cross-fertilization<br />

pleurotribe sternotribe 2 :instrument for crushing, compressing,<br />

or rubbing angiotribe osteotribe<br />

tribo- combining form F, fr. Gk tribein to rub : friction trib<strong>of</strong>luorescence<br />

tribophosphorescent<br />

trich- or tricho- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. trich-, thrix<br />

hair : hair : filament trichopathy trichatrophic<br />

-tricha n combining form, pl -tricha NL, fr. Gk -trichos -trichous<br />

: one or ones having such ciliation in names <strong>of</strong><br />

taxa Gastrotricha Oxytricha<br />

-trichi n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk trich-, thrix hair : persons<br />

having such hair leiotrichi<br />

-trichia n combining form - NL, fr. trich- + -ia 1 :condition<br />

<strong>of</strong> having such hair oligotrichia hypotrichia 2 :hairiness<br />

glossotrichia<br />

-trichous adj combining form Gk -trichos, fr. trich- thrix hair<br />

: having such hair : haired peritrichous<br />

-trichy n combining form - NL -trichia : the condition <strong>of</strong><br />

having such hair lissotrichy<br />

tricyclo- combining form ISV tri- + cycl- : tricyclic tricycloalkanes<br />

-triene n suffix - tri- + -ene : chemical compound containing<br />

three double bonds octatriene<br />

trigon- or trigono- combining form L, fr. Gk trign-, trigno-,<br />

fr. trignos : triangular Trigonella trigonotype<br />

tripl- or triplo- combining form Gk triploos, fr. tri- three +<br />

-ploos as in diploos double more at - : triple triplopia<br />

triploblastic<br />

tris- prefix Gk, fr. tris, fr. treis three : thrice : tripled triste

---

trit- 56<br />

-ulent<br />

trahedron esp. in complex chemical expressions tris-<br />

2-chloroethyl-amine<br />

trit- or trito- combining form Gk, fr. tritos akin to Gk treis<br />

three : third : tertiary tritonymph tritovum<br />

-trix n suffix, pl -trices or -trixes ME, fr. L, fem. <strong>of</strong> -tor, ending<br />

<strong>of</strong> agent nouns, fr. -tus, past part. ending + -or more at<br />

- 1 :female that does or is associated with a specified<br />

thing aviatrix narratrix inheritrix 2 :straight line in<br />

geometry trisectrix directrix tractrix<br />

troch- or trocho- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. trochos wheel,<br />

fr. trechein to run : wheel : resembling a wheel : round<br />

Trochodendron Trochelminthes trochophora<br />

-troch n combining form - NL -trocha : ciliated b<strong>and</strong><br />

mesotroch prototroch<br />

-trocha n combining form, pl -trochas also -trochae NL, fr.<br />

fem. sing. <strong>of</strong> -trochus having such a ciliated b<strong>and</strong>, fr. Gk trochos<br />

wheel : creature or larva having such a ciliated b<strong>and</strong><br />

actinotrocha<br />

troglo- combining form NL, fr. Gk trglo-, fr. trgl hole, cave<br />

: cave-dwelling : troglodytic troglobiont<br />

-tron n suffix - Gk, suffix denoting an instrument as Gk arotron<br />

plow, fr. stem <strong>of</strong> aroun to plow akin to OE -thor, suffix<br />

denoting an instrument, ON -thr, L -trum, MIr -thar, Skt -tra<br />

1:vacuum tube magnetron 2 :device for the manipulation<br />

<strong>of</strong> subatomic particles cyclotron isotron<br />

trop- or tropo- combining form ISV, fr. Gk, fr. tropos 1 :turn<br />

: turning : change tropometer troposphere 2 :affinity for<br />

: tendency to turn toward : tropism tropic tropotaxis<br />

trop- also tropa- combining form ISV, fr. tropine 1 :tropine<br />

tropate 2 :atropine tropoyl<br />

-trope n combining form - F, fr. Gk tropos turn, direction,<br />

way 1 :turn : change : affinity for chromotrope neurotrope<br />

2 : body characterized by such an inversion<br />

hemitrope 3 :instrument <strong>and</strong> esp. optical instrument that<br />

functions by rotating, reversing, or reflecting rheotrope<br />

thaumatrope<br />

-trope adj combining form F, fr. Gk -tropos, fr. trepein to turn<br />

: turning : being reverted anisotrope hemitrope<br />

troph- or tropho- combining form F, fr. Gk, fr. trephein to<br />

nourish : nutrition trophopathy trophallaxis trophospore<br />

-trophic also -trophous adj combining form NL -trophia -trophy<br />

+ E -ic or -ous 1 a also -trophous : <strong>of</strong> or relating to a<br />

specified type <strong>of</strong> nutrition hypertrophic hypertrophous<br />

b:having a specified nutritional requirement monotrophic<br />

2 :- 1, 2 glycotrophic lipotrophic<br />

-trophy n combining form - NL -trophia, fr. Gk, fr. troph- +<br />

-ia -y : nutrition : nourishment : nurture : growth eutrophy<br />

nosotrophy pedotrophy<br />

-tropia n combining form - NL, fr. Gk, turn, deviation, fr.<br />

-tropos -trope + -ia -y : condition <strong>of</strong> such a deviation in the<br />

line <strong>of</strong> vision esotropia hypertropia<br />

-tropic adj combining form F -tropique, fr. -trope + -ique -ic 1<br />

: turning, changing, or tending to turn or change esp. in a<br />

specified manner or in response to a specified stimulus<br />

bacteriotropic enantiotropic geotropic heliotropic<br />

isotropic chemotropic 2 :attracted specif. to such a tissue,<br />

organ, or system neurotropic viscerotropic 3<br />

: - 1 ectotropic endotropic<br />

-tropism n combining form - ISV, fr. -trope + -ism : tendency<br />

to turn toward : affinity for : tropism heliotropism neurotropism<br />

-tropous adj combining form Gk -tropos, fr. trepein to turn<br />

: turning or curving in such a way : exhibiting such a tropism<br />

anatropous<br />

-tropy n combining form - F -tropie, fr. Gk -tropia turn, fr.<br />

-tropos -trope + -ia -y 1 :condition <strong>of</strong> turning or curving in<br />

such a way or <strong>of</strong> exhibiting such a tropism hemitropy 2<br />

: change in a specified way or in response to a specified<br />

stimulus<br />

trypan- or trypano- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. trypanon<br />

auger, borer, trepan, fr. trypan to bore, pierce through, fr.<br />

trypa hole akin to OSlav truplŭ hollow, Gk tetrainein to<br />

pierce 1 :borer : auger trypanosome 2 :trypanosome trypanocidal<br />

tubercul- or tuberculo- combining form NL, fr. L tuberculum,<br />

dim. <strong>of</strong> tuber 1 a : tubercle tubercular b :tuberculous<br />

tuberculid 2 :tubercle bacillus tuberculin 3 :tuberculosis<br />

tuberculotherapy<br />

tubi- combining form NL, fr. L tubus : tube tubivalve<br />

Tubipora<br />

tubuli- combining form NL, fr. L tubulus tubule, tube 1<br />

: tubule : tubulus tubuliferous 2 :tubular tubuliflorous<br />

tubulo- combining form L tubulus tubule, tube + E -o- : tubular<br />

<strong>and</strong> tubuloracemose<br />

-tude n suffix - MF or L MF -tude, fr. L -tudin-, -tudo : -<br />

omnitude parvitude<br />

tungst- or tungsto- combining form ISV, fr. tungsten 1 :tungsten<br />

tungstoboric 2 :tungstic acid tungstate<br />

turbinato- combining form L turbinatus turbinate : conically<br />

turbinatoconcave turbinatocylindrical turbinatoglobose<br />

turbo- combining form turbine 1 :coupled directly to a driving<br />

turbine turboalternator turboblower turbocompressor<br />

turbodynamo turboexciter turb<strong>of</strong>an turbogenerator<br />

turbopump 2 :consisting <strong>of</strong> or incorporating a turbine<br />

turbomachine turbomotor turboventilator<br />

turco or turko- combining form, usu cap turco- fr. ML Turcus<br />

Turk turko- fr. turk 1 :Turkic Turko-Tatar 2 :Turkish<br />

Turkoman 3 :Turkish <strong>and</strong> Turco-Greek<br />

twi- prefix ME, fr. OE akin to OFris OS twi-, OHG zwi-, ON<br />

tv-, tv-, L bi- fr. OL dui-, Gk di-, Lith dvi- twi-, OE twgen,<br />

tw, t two : two : double : doubly : twice twi-circle<br />

twi-faced<br />

-ty n suffix - ME -te, -tee, -tie, fr. OF -té, fr. L -tat-, -tas akin<br />

to Gk -tt-, -ts -ty, Skt -tt, -tti : quality : condition : degree<br />

apriority<br />

tyl- or tylo- combining form Gk, fr. tylos, tyl knob, lump, callus,<br />

pad : knob : knobbed tylaster Tylosaurus : pad<br />

Tylopoda<br />

tympan- or tympano- combining form NL tympanum 1 :tympanum<br />

: tympanic membrane tympanitis tympanotomy 2<br />

: tympanic <strong>and</strong> tympanoeustachian<br />

typ- or typo- combining form Gk, fr. typos : type : image<br />

: model typonym typology<br />

typh- or typho- combining form NL typhus : typhus : typhoid<br />

typhosepsis<br />

typhl- or typhlo- combining form in sense 1, fr. Gk, blind, fr.<br />

typhlos in sense 2, fr. Gk typhlon, fr. neut. <strong>of</strong> typhlos blind 1<br />

: blind typhlosole : blindness typhlology 2 : cecum<br />

typhlitis typhlotomy<br />

-typy n combining form - type + -y : condition, process, or<br />

art related to or involving the use <strong>of</strong> such a type heliotypy<br />

tyr- or tyro- combining form Gk, fr. tyros cheese : cheese<br />

tyramine tyrotoxin<br />

ber- also uber- prefix, sometimes cap G as in bermensch<br />

superman, fr. ber over, beyond the limits <strong>of</strong>, fr. OHG ubari<br />

: being a superlative example <strong>of</strong> its kind or class bermayor<br />

berthermometer<br />

ugro- combining form, usu cap ugrian : Ugrian <strong>and</strong><br />

Ugro-Aryan Ugro-Finnic<br />

-ula n suffix, pl -ulas or -ulae L more at - : small one<br />

Clangula siphonula placula<br />

-ular adj suffix L -ularis, fr. -ulus, -ula, -ulum -ule + -aris -ar<br />

: <strong>of</strong>, relating to, or resembling crevicular chiefly in<br />

words where the base word is derived from a Latin word having<br />

a diminutive in -ulus, -ula, or tubular valvular<br />

ulcero- combining form L ulcer-, ulcus 1 :ulcer ulcerogenic<br />

2:ulcerous <strong>and</strong> ulcerogl<strong>and</strong>ular<br />

-ule n suffix - F L F -ule, fr. L -ulus, masc. dim. suffix, -ula,<br />

fem. dim. suffix, -ulum neut. dim. suffix : small one cymule<br />

veinule<br />

-ulent adj suffix L -ulentus, -olentus prob. akin to L olre to<br />

smell : that abounds in a specified thing : that has a specified<br />

thing in marked amount or degree nidorulent

---

ulno- 57<br />

vertebr-<br />

ulno- combining form NL ulna : ulnar <strong>and</strong> ulnocarpal<br />

ulnoradial<br />

ulo- combining form NL ula : connection with or relation to<br />

the gums ulorrhagia<br />

-ulose n suffix - levulose : ketose sugar esp. in names <strong>of</strong><br />

2-keto sugars heptulose xylulose<br />

-ulous adj suffix L -ulus, dim. suffix : being slightly or minutely<br />

hirsutulous viscidulous<br />

ultra- prefix L, fr. ultra beyond adv. prep., fr. abl. sing.<br />

fem. <strong>of</strong> assumed ulter situated beyond 1 :beyond in space<br />

: on the other side : - ultratropical ultramedian 2<br />

: beyond the range or limits <strong>of</strong> : transcending : -<br />

ultramicroscopic ultrasonic 3 :beyond what is common,<br />

ordinary, natural, right, proper, or moderate : excessively<br />

: exceedingly : - ultracomplex ultracritical ultraformal<br />

ultramodern<br />

ultramicro- combining form ultra- + micr- : <strong>of</strong>, involving, or<br />

being for quantities <strong>of</strong> material smaller than micro quantities<br />

: on a scale smaller than micro<br />

-ulum n suffix, pl -ulums or -ula L more at - : small one<br />

septulum frenulum<br />

-ulus n suffix, pl -uluses or -uli L more at - : a small<br />

one phoeniculus<br />

umbell- or umbelli- combining form NL, fr. L umbella parasol,<br />

umbrella : umbel : umbellate umbelloid umbelliform<br />

un- prefix ME, fr. OE akin to OHG un- un-, ON , -, Goth<br />

un-, L in-, Gk a-, an-, Skt a-, an- un-, OE ne not 1 :not : -,<br />

- in adjectives formed from adjectives uncapacious<br />

ungratifiable unneighborlike unstrenuous including<br />

adjectivally used past <strong>and</strong> present participles uncamouflaged<br />

unchosen undressed unsoothing <strong>and</strong> adjectives<br />

formed by adding -ed to nouns unbearded, in nouns formed<br />

from nouns unostentation, <strong>and</strong> rarely in verbs formed from<br />

verbs unbe sometimes in words that have a meaning that<br />

merely negates that <strong>of</strong> the base word <strong>and</strong> are thereby distinguished<br />

from words that prefix in- or a variant <strong>of</strong> it as im-<br />

to the same base word <strong>and</strong> have a meaning positively opposite<br />

to that <strong>of</strong> the base word unartistic unmoral 2 :opposite<br />

<strong>of</strong> : contrary to in adjectives formed from adjectives<br />

unconstitutional ungraceful unpalatable unwarlike<br />

including adjectivally used past <strong>and</strong> present participles unaffected<br />

unstinting <strong>and</strong> adjectives formed by adding -ed to<br />

nouns unprincipled, <strong>and</strong> in nouns formed from nouns<br />

unrest<br />

un- prefix ME, fr. OE un-, on-, alter. <strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong>- against more<br />

at - 1 a : do the opposite <strong>of</strong> : reverse a specified action<br />

: - 1a - 1a in verbs formed from verbs unbend<br />

undress unfold b :cause to cease to in verbs formed<br />

from verbs unbe 2 a : deprive <strong>of</strong> : remove a specified<br />

thing from : remove in verbs formed from nouns<br />

unflesh unfrock unsex compare - - b :release<br />

from : free from in verbs formed from nouns unh<strong>and</strong> c<br />

: remove from : extract from : bring out <strong>of</strong> in verbs formed<br />

from nouns unbosom unheaven compare - - d<br />

: cause to cease to be in verbs formed from nouns unking<br />

compare - 3 :completely unloose compare undec-<br />

combining form L undecim, prob. fr. unus one + decem<br />

ten : eleven undecane undecennial undecillion<br />

ungui- combining form L unguis nail, claw, ho<strong>of</strong> : nail : claw<br />

uni- prefix ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. unus : one : single uniaxial<br />

unicellular unilateral<br />

uns- or unsym- combining form fr. unsymmetrical usu ital<br />

: unsymmetrical in names <strong>of</strong> organic compounds<br />

uns-dichloro-ethane<br />

ur- or uro- combining form NL, fr. Gk our-, ouro-, fr. ouron<br />

urine 1 : urine uranalysis urobilin 2 : urinary tract<br />

urogram 3 :urination urolagnia 4 :urinal <strong>and</strong> urogenital<br />

5 :urea urethane uracil 6 :uric acid uroxanic<br />

ur- or uro- combining form NL, fr. Gk our-, ouro-, fr. oura,<br />

akin to Gk orrhos buttocks 1 : tail : taillike urosteon<br />

Uroglena uropod 2 : posterior segment, region, or<br />

process : caudal urite urohyal urosome<br />

-ura n combining form, pl -ura NL, fr. fem. sing. <strong>and</strong> neut. pl.<br />

<strong>of</strong> -urus -urous : one having such a tail Chelura : ones<br />

having such a tail Brachyura in taxonomic names in<br />

zoology<br />

uran- or urano- combining form NL, fr. L, fr. Gk ouran-, ourano-,<br />

fr. ouranos sky, heaven, ro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> the mouth 1 :sky : heaven<br />

uranography 2 :palate uranoplasty brachyuranic<br />

uran- or urano- combining form F, fr. NL uranium : uranium<br />

uranothorite uranyl<br />

uranoso- combining form ISV, fr. NL uranosus uranous : uranous<br />

uranosopotassic<br />

-ure n suffix - ME, fr. OF, fr. L -ura 1 :act : process : being<br />

tubulature exposure composure 2 a : <strong>of</strong>fice : function<br />

judicature b :body for such an activity legislature<br />

-uret n combining form - NL -uretum, fr. F -ure, fr. L -ur in<br />

sulfur : - 1 carburet biuret<br />

-urgy n combining form - NL -urgia, fr. Gk -ourgein to work<br />

fr. ergon work + L -ia -y : technique or art <strong>of</strong> dealing or<br />

working with such a product, matter, or tool chemurgy<br />

micrurgy<br />

-urous or -ourous adj combining form NL -urus, -ourus, fr. Gk<br />

-ouros, fr. oura tail akin to Gk orrhos buttocks : tailed<br />

xiphurous anourous<br />

-urus n combining form NL, fr. Gk oura more at -<br />

: one having such a tail esp. in generic names<br />

Brachyurus Dasyurus Saururus<br />

utricul- or utriculo- combining form L utriculus small bag<br />

: utricle utriculoplastic utriculoplasty utriculiferous<br />

: utricular <strong>and</strong> utriculosaccular<br />

vag- or vago- combining form ISV, fr. NL vagus 1 :vagus<br />

nerve vagogram vagal vagolysis 2 :vagal <strong>and</strong> vagoaccessorius<br />

vagoglossopharyngeal<br />

valvul- or vavulo- combining form NL valvula : small valve<br />

: valvule : fold valvulitis valvulotome<br />

vanad- or vanado- combining form NL vanadium : vanadium<br />

vanadyl vanadosilicate<br />

vapo- combining form vapor : vapor vapocauterization<br />

vapography<br />

vapori- combining form L vapor : vapor vaporiform vaporimeter<br />

vari- or vario- combining form L varius : varied : diverse variform<br />

variocoupler<br />

varic- or varico- combining form L varic-, varix : varix varicosis<br />

varicocele<br />

vas- or vasi- or vaso- combining form NL, fr. L vas 1 :duct<br />

: channel : vessel vasicentric: as a :blood vessel vas<strong>of</strong>ormative<br />

vasoconstriction b :vas deferens vasectomy 2<br />

: vascular <strong>and</strong> vasovagal 3 :vasomotor vasoinhibitor<br />

vascul- or vasculo- combining form NL, fr. L vasculum small<br />

vessel : vessel esp : blood vessel vasculomotor<br />

vel- combining form NL, fr. velum : velum veliform<br />

ven- or veni- or veno- combining form L vena 1 : vein<br />

venipuncture venoclysis venisection 2 :<strong>of</strong> or relating to<br />

the vena cava : caval <strong>and</strong> venoatrial<br />

venti- or vento- combining form L ventus wind + E -i- or -o-<br />

: wind ventifact<br />

ventr- or ventri- or ventro- combining form F, fr. L ventr-, venter<br />

1 : abdomen : ventral ventric ventrotomy ventricolumna<br />

2 : ventral <strong>and</strong> ventrodorsal 3 : ventricose<br />

: round ventripyramid<br />

ventriculo- combining form NL, fr. L ventriculus stomach, ventricle<br />

<strong>of</strong> the heart 1 :ventricle ventriculotomy 2 :ventricular<br />

<strong>and</strong> ventriculoatrial<br />

veratr- or veratro- combining form NL, fr. Veratrum : veratrine<br />

: veratric acid veratrize veratroyl<br />

verd- or verdo- combining form MF verd-, fr. OF verd, vert<br />

green : green-colored verdohemoglobin<br />

vermi- combining form NL, fr. LL, fr. L vermis : worm vermiform<br />

vermiparous<br />

vertebr- or vertebro- combining form NL, fr. L vertebra 1<br />

: vertebra : vertebrae vertebriform vertebrectomy 2 :vertebral<br />

<strong>and</strong> vertebr<strong>of</strong>emoral

---

verticill- 58<br />

-ylene<br />

verticill- combining form NL, fr. verticillus, fr. L, whorl <strong>of</strong> a<br />

spindle, dim. <strong>of</strong> vertic-, vertex whirl : whorl : verticil verticillary<br />

verticilli- combining form NL Verticillium genus<br />

: Verticillium verticilliosis<br />

vesico- combining form NL, fr. L vesica bladder : <strong>of</strong> or relating<br />

to the urinary bladder <strong>and</strong> vesicoureteral<br />

vesicul- or vesiculo- combining form NL vesicula : vesicle<br />

Vesicularia : vesicular <strong>and</strong> vesiculopapular<br />

vibro- combining form ISV, fr. L vibrare to shake, vibrate<br />

: vibration vibromassage<br />

vice- prefix ME vis-, vice-, fr. MF, fr. LL vice-, fr. L vice, abl. <strong>of</strong><br />

vicis : one that takes the place <strong>of</strong> vice-consul vice-chairman<br />

vice-principal<br />

-ville n suffix - -ville, suffix occurring in names <strong>of</strong> towns, fr.<br />

F, fr. OF, fr. ville farm, village : place or category <strong>of</strong> a specified<br />

nature squaresville<br />

viol- combining form ISV, fr. NL Viola : pansy violaniline<br />

visc- or visco- combining form ME, fr. L, fr. viscum mistletoe,<br />

birdlime 1 :viscous : viscosity viscogen viscoscope 2<br />

: viscous <strong>and</strong> viscoelastic<br />

viscer- or visceri- or viscero- combining form LL, fr. L viscera<br />

1 : visceral : viscera visceralgia visceroptosis viscerogenic<br />

2 :visceral <strong>and</strong> visceripericardial<br />

vitell- or vitello- combining form L vitellus 1 :yolk : vitellus<br />

vitellin vitellogenesis 2 :vitelline <strong>and</strong> vitellointestinal<br />

viti- combining form L, fr. vitis : vine viticulture<br />

vitr- or vitro- combining form L vitrum glass : glass : glassy<br />

vitrophyre devitrify<br />

vivi- combining form MF, fr. L, fr. vivus : alive : living<br />

vividialysis viviperfuse vivisection<br />

vomero- combining form NL vomer : vomerine <strong>and</strong><br />

vomero-palatine<br />

-vora n pl combining form NL, fr. L, neut. pl. <strong>of</strong> -vorus -vorous<br />

: ones that eat something specified Insectivora<br />

-vore n combining form - F, fr. -vore -vorous, fr. L -vorus<br />

: one that eats something specified<br />

-vorous adj combining form L -vorus, fr. vorare to devour<br />

: eating : feeding on carnivorous piscivorous<br />

-ward also -wards adj suffix -ward fr. ME, fr. OE -weard<br />

akin to OHG -wart, -wert, -ward, ON -verthr, Goth -wairths,<br />

L vertere to turn -wards fr. -wards, adv. suffix 1 :that<br />

moves, tends, faces, or is directed toward homeward<br />

shoreward 2 :that occurs or is situated in the direction<br />

<strong>of</strong> leftward<br />

-ward or -wards adv suffix -ward fr. ME, fr. OE -weard, fr.<br />

-weard, adj. suffix -wards fr. ME, fr. OE -weardes, gen. sing.<br />

neut. <strong>of</strong> -weard, adj. suffix 1 :in a specified spatial or temporal<br />

direction upward northward afterward 2<br />

: toward a specified point, position, or area trees bent<br />

earthward<br />

-way adv suffix ME, fr. way : in such a way, course, direction,<br />

or manner broadway lyraway<br />

-ways adv suffix ME -ways, -weys, fr. ways, weyes, wayes, gen.<br />

<strong>of</strong> way, wey way : in such a way, course, direction, or manner<br />

sideways barways<br />

-wise adv combining form ME, fr. OE -wsan, fr. wse manner<br />

1 a : in the manner <strong>of</strong> crabwise fanwise b :in the position<br />

or direction <strong>of</strong> endwise slantwise clockwise 2<br />

: with regard to : in respect <strong>of</strong> stylewise<br />

wolfram- or wolframo- combining form ISV wolfram<br />

: - wolframic wolframophosphate<br />

xanth- or xantho- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. xanthos<br />

perh. akin to OHG hasan gray 1 :yellow xanthoma xanthelasma<br />

xanthoderma 2 : xanthic acid xanthate 3<br />

: yellow or yellowish <strong>and</strong> ammoniacal in names <strong>of</strong> salts <strong>of</strong><br />

cobalt xanthocobaltic chloride<br />

xen- or xeno- combining form LL, fr. Gk, fr. xenos 1 :guest<br />

: foreigner xenomania 2 a : strange : foreign Xenurus b<br />

: intrusive xenolith c :- xenogenesis<br />

-xene n combining form - F -xène, fr. Gk -xenos stranger, fr.<br />

xenos 1 :substance rarely associated with such a mineral<br />

anthracoxene 2 :intrusive mineral <strong>of</strong> such a character<br />

leucoxene cacoxene<br />

-xenous adj combining form Gk -xenos stranger, fr. xenos<br />

: host lipoxenous<br />

-xeny n combining form - Gk -xen os + E -y : such a host<br />

relationship lipoxeny<br />

xer- or xero- combining form LL, fr. Gk xr-, xro-, fr. xros<br />

1 a : dry : arid xeric b :dry place xerophilous 2 :using<br />

a dry process in the making <strong>of</strong> such a product xerography<br />

xeroprinting<br />

xiph- or xiphi- or xipho- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. xiphos<br />

1:swordlike : sword-shaped xiphophyllous xiphiplastron<br />

2:xiphoid <strong>and</strong> xiphocostal<br />

xyl- or xylo- combining form L, fr. Gk, fr. xylon perh. akin to<br />

Lith ulas pillar, post, OE sl 1 a : wood : woody xylophone<br />

xyloma b : xylem 2 a : xylene xylic xyloquinone<br />

b :xylose xylonic acid xyloketose<br />

-xylon n combining form NL, fr. Gk xylon more at - 1<br />

: one having such wood in generic names<br />

Haematoxylon 2 :one living in such a relation to wood<br />

Hypoxylon 3 :wood laurinoxylon<br />

-xylum n combining form NL, fr. Gk xylon more at -<br />

: one having such wood in generic names<br />

Erythroxylum Zanthoxylum<br />

-y also -ey adj suffix, usu -ier usu -iest ME, fr. OE -ig akin to<br />

OHG -g -y, ON -igr, Goth -eigs, -igs, L -icus, Gk -ikos, Skt -ika<br />

1 a : characterized by : full <strong>of</strong> in adjectives formed from<br />

nouns blossomy dirty in many words formed from a base<br />

word having final postconsonantal mute e <strong>and</strong> with omission<br />

<strong>of</strong> the e miry mirey spiny spiney accompanied by<br />

doubling <strong>of</strong> the final consonant <strong>of</strong> the base word immediately<br />

after a short stressed vowel leggy muddy in the form<br />

-ey regularly after a final y clayey or vowel other than postconsonantal<br />

mute e mosquitoey gluey sometimes with a<br />

change <strong>of</strong> y to i skiey or where -y would duplicate another<br />

word holey b :having the character <strong>of</strong> : composed <strong>of</strong> in<br />

adjectives formed from nouns icy watery lacy waxy<br />

ranty c :characteristic <strong>of</strong>, resembling, or suggesting someone<br />

or something indicated : having some <strong>of</strong> the qualities <strong>of</strong><br />

: that is like or like that <strong>of</strong> in adjectives formed from nouns<br />

homey wintry folksy garbagy winy <strong>of</strong>ten with a disparaging<br />

connotation gadgety milquetoasty schoolteachery<br />

rabbity Hollywoody bedroomy barny stagy d<br />

: devoted to : addicted to : enthusiastic over in adjectives<br />

formed from nouns horsy outdoorsy ismy 2 a : tending<br />

or inclined to in adjectives formed from verbs clingy<br />

sleepy chatty criey b :giving occasion for specified<br />

action teary yummy usu. in adjectives formed from<br />

verbs munchy picnicky c :performing specified action<br />

or being in a specified mode <strong>of</strong> existence : - in adjectives<br />

formed from verbs twinkly curly 3 a : somewhat<br />

: rather : - in adjectives formed from adjectives purply<br />

suedy woodeny b : having such characteristics to a<br />

marked degree Scotchy Dutchy or in an affected or superficial<br />

way Frenchy in adjectives formed from adjectives<br />

-y n suffix, pl -ies ME -ie, fr. OF, fr. L -ia, fr. Gk -ia, -eia 1<br />

: state : condition : quality chiefly in combining forms<br />

derived from French, Latin, or Greek -algy -<strong>and</strong>ry<br />

-cracy -sophy -tomy 2 :activity, place <strong>of</strong> business, or<br />

goods dealt with ch<strong>and</strong>lery coopery laundry executry<br />

3:whole body or group soldiery<br />

-y n suffix, pl -ies ME -ie, fr. AF, fr. L -ium : instance <strong>of</strong> a<br />

specified action expiry entreaty inquiry<br />

-yl n combining form - Gk hyl wood, matter first used in G<br />

benzoyl, lit., fundamental material <strong>of</strong> benzoic acid, fr. benz- +<br />

Gk hyl : chemical radical: as a :univalent radical ethyl<br />

pyridyl hydroxyl b : radical containing oxygen carbonyl<br />

chromyl including a few radicals <strong>of</strong> organic acids<br />

acetyl glycyl succinyl compare -<br />

-ylene n suffix - -yl + -ene 1 : unsaturated hydrocarbon<br />

piperylene compare - 2 :bivalent radical phenylene<br />

CH

---

-yne 59<br />

-zyme<br />

-yne n suffix - ISV alter. <strong>of</strong> -ine : unsaturated straight-chain<br />

hydrocarbon characterized by the presence <strong>of</strong> one triple bond<br />

in the system adopted by the International Union <strong>of</strong> Pure<br />

<strong>and</strong> Applied Chemistry to replace the ending -ine in this sense<br />

hexyne distinguished from -ane <strong>and</strong> -ene<br />

yocto- combining form ISV, prob. blend <strong>of</strong> yotta- <strong>and</strong> octo-<br />

: one septillionth 10 − part <strong>of</strong> yoctosecond<br />

yotta- combining form ISV, alter. <strong>of</strong> Gk ita representing y,<br />

next-to-last letter <strong>of</strong> the Latin alphabet : septillion yottabyte<br />

zepto- combining form ISV, blend <strong>of</strong> zetta- <strong>and</strong> hepta- : one<br />

sextillionth 10 − part <strong>of</strong> zeptosecond<br />

zetta- combining form ISV, alter. <strong>of</strong> Gk zta representing Z,<br />

last letter <strong>of</strong> the Latin alphabet : sextillion zettabyte<br />

zinco- combining form ISV zinc + -o- : zinc zincolysis<br />

zircon- combining form ISV, fr. NL zirconia : zirconium zirconsyenite<br />

zo- or zoo- combining form Gk zi-, zio-, fr. zion akin to Gk<br />

z life 1 : animal : animal kingdom or kind zoology<br />

zoophile zooid zoanthropy 2 Gk z-, zo- alive, fr.<br />

zos akin to Gk z life : motile zoogonidium<br />

-zoa n pl combining form NL, fr. Gk zia, pl. <strong>of</strong> zion : animals<br />

in the names <strong>of</strong> taxa Bryozoa Echinozoa<br />

-zoic adj combining form Gk zikos <strong>of</strong> or pertaining to animals,<br />

fr. zi- zo- + -ikos -ic : animal : having a specified ani-<br />

mal mode <strong>of</strong> existence : animallike holozoic phanerozoic<br />

coprozoic cytozoic<br />

-zoic adj combining form Gk z life + E -ic : <strong>of</strong> or relating<br />

to a specified geological era Archeozoic Mesozoic<br />

zon- or zono- combining form Gk zn-, zno-, fr. zn 1 :girdle<br />

: belt : b<strong>and</strong> Zonites Zonochlorite 2 :zone : zonal<br />

zoniferous zonoplacental<br />

-zoon n combining form, pl -zoa NL, fr. Gk zion animal : living<br />

being : animal : zooid anthozoon hematozoon spermatozoon<br />

zyg- or zygo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. zygon 1 a : yoke<br />

: connecting in the manner <strong>of</strong> a yoke : joining zygosphene<br />

zygantrum zygoneure b :zygomatic zygion 2 :yoked<br />

state or part : pair zygodactyl zygodont 3 :union : fusion<br />

: zygosis zygospore zygogenesis<br />

zygomatico- combining form NL, fr. zygomaticus zygomatic<br />

: zygomatic <strong>and</strong> zygomaticomaxillary<br />

-zygous adj combining form Gk -zygos, fr. zygon yoke 1<br />

: yoked : zygomatic cryptozygous 2 :having such a zygotic<br />

constitution heterozygous<br />

zym- or zymo- combining form NL, fr. Gk, fr. zym 1 :leaven<br />

: concerned with fermentation zymolysis zymophosphate<br />

2 :ferment : enzyme zymogenesis zymosthenic<br />

-zyme n combining form - Gk zym leaven : enzyme histozyme<br />

lysozymes