dictionary

jbovlaste 

The Lojban↔English Dictionary 

The Lojban Community 

Generated: August 1, 2001

Lojban to English 

3

.a bakfu 

.a [A] sumti or logical connective: sumti afterthought or 

.a’a [UI1] attentive attitudinal: attentive - inattentive - 

avoiding jundi, rivbi 

.a’acu’i [UI1] inattentive attitudinal: attentive - 

inattentive - avoiding 

.a’anai [UI1] avoiding attitudinal: attentive - inattentive 

- avoiding 

.a’e [UI1] alertness attitudinal: alertness - exhaustion 

sanji, cikna, tatpi 

.a’enai [UI1] exhaustion attitudinal: alertness - 

exhaustion 

.a’i [UI1] effort attitudinal: effort - no special effort - 

repose gunka, slunandu, guksurla, troci, selprogunka 

.a’icu’i [UI1] no special effort attitudinal: effort - no 

special effort - repose 

.a’inai [UI1] repose attitudinal: effort - no special effort 

- repose 

.a’o [UI1] hope attitudinal: hope - despair pacna 

.a’onai [UI1] despair attitudinal: hope - despair 

.a’u [UI1] interest attitudinal: interest - disinterest - 

repulsion cinri, selcni 

.a’ucu’i [UI1] disinterest attitudinal: interest - 

disinterest - repulsion 

.a’unai [UI1] repulsion attitudinal: interest - disinterest 

- repulsion 

.abu [BY] a letteral for a 

.ai [UI1] intent attitudinal: intent - indecision - rejection 

| refusal termu’i, terzu’e, seljdi, selcu’a 

.aicu’i [UI1] indecision attitudinal: intent - indecision - 

rejection | refusal 

.ainai [UI1] refusal attitudinal: intent - indecision - 

rejection | refusal 

.au [UI1] desire attitudinal: desire - indifference - 

reluctance djica 

.aucu’i [UI1] indifference attitudinal: desire - 

indifference - reluctance 

.aunai [UI1] reluctance attitudinal: desire - indifference 

- reluctance 

ba [PU] after time tense relation | direction: will 

[selbri]; after [sumti]; default future tense 

ba’a [UI2] I anticipate evidential: I expect - I 

experience - I remember bavykri, lifri, morji 

ba’acu’i [UI2] I experience evidential: I expect - I 

experience - I remember 

ba’anai [UI2] I remember evidential: I expect - I 

experience - I remember 

ba’e [BAhE] emphasize next forethought emphasis 

indicator; indicates next word is especially emphasized 

ba’i [BAI] replaced by basti modal, 1st place replaced 

by ... 

ba’o [ZAhO] perfective interval event contour: in the 

aftermath of ...; since ...; perfective — ——ba’u 

[UI3] exaggeration discursive: exaggeration - 

accuracy - understatement satci, dukse 

ba’ucu’i [UI3] accuracy discursive: exaggeration - 

accuracy - understatement 

ba’unai [UI3] understatement discursive: exaggeration - 

accuracy - understatement 

baba [PU] will be going to time tense: will be going to; 

(tense | modal) 

baca’a [PU] will actually time tense: future actuality; 

modal aspect 

baca’o [ZAhO] will be then time tense: will be then; 


backemselrerkru hyperbola 

[bancu+ke+se+renro+kruvi] 

backla go beyond [bancu+klama] 

bacru [ba’u] 〈x1 utters verbally | says | phonates | 

speaks [vocally makes sound] x2〉 also voices; does not 

necessarily imply communication or audience; (’says’ is 

usually cusku) 

bacybau metalanguage [bancu+bangu] 

bacycripu bridge to the beyond (poetic coining) 

[bancu+cripu] 

bacycta look through [bancu+catlu] 

badna 〈x1 is a banana | plantain [fruit | plant] of species 

| breed x2〉 

badri [dri] 〈x1 is sad | depressed | dejected | [unhappy | 

feels sorrow | grief] about x2 (abstraction)〉 

bagyxai bow [bargu+xrani] 

bai [BAI] compelled by bapli modal, 1st place (forced 

by) forcedly; compelled by force ... 

bajra [baj] 〈x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with 

gait x4〉 

bajyjvi to run a race [bajra+jivna] 

bajykla to come running [bajra+klama] 

bajystu running track [bajra+stuzi] 

bakcange cattle ranch [bakni+cange] 

bakcatra bull-fighter [bakni+catra] 

bakfu [baf] 〈x1 is a bundle | package | cluster | clump | 

pack [shape | form] containing x2, held together by x3〉 

5

akni basyvla 

bakni [bak] 〈x1 is a cow | cattle | kine | ox | [bull | steer | 

calf] [beef-producer | bovine] of species | breed x2〉 

bakplixa plougher, someone using oxen to plough 

[bakni+plixa] 

bakri 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of chalk 

from source x2 in form x3〉 

baktu 〈x1 is a bucket | pail | can | deep, solid, 

wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material 

x3〉 

bakyjanbe cowbell [bakni+janbe] 

bakykakpa using oxen to dig, plough [bakni+kakpa] 

baljamna great war [banli+jamna] 

balji 〈x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant | species x2; 

[metaphor: rounded, bulgy]〉 

balni 〈x1 is a balcony | overhang | ledge | shelf of 

building | structure x2〉 

balnunjamna great war [banli+nu+jamna] 

balrai grandmaster; generally, greatest [banli+traji] 

balre [ba’e] 〈x1 is a blade of tool | weapon x2〉 

balsoi warrior, great soldier [banli+sonci] 

baltutra realm [banli+tutra] 

balvi [bav] 〈x1 is in the future of | later than | after x2 in 

time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former〉 also sequel, 

succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering 

only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap 

in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; 

non-aorist future (= cfabalvi); (default x2 is the space 

time reference, whereupon:) x1 will occur 

bancu [bac] 〈x1 exceeds | is beyond limit | boundary x2 

from x3 in property | amount x4 (ka | ni)〉 on the other 

side of a bound, but not necessarily directly ’across’ nor 

at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not 

limited to position in space 

bandu [bad] 〈x1 (event) defends | protects x2 (object | 

state) from threat | peril | potential x3 (event)〉 also 

secures (verb); x1 wards | resists x3; protective cover | 

shield (= badgai) 

banfi 〈x1 is an amphibian of species | breed x2〉 

bangu [ban, bau] 〈x1 is a | the language | dialect used by 

x2 to express | communicate x3 (si’o | du’u, not quote)〉 

also tongue 

banjikske sociolinguistics [bangu+jikca+saske] 

banli [ba’i, bal] 〈x1 is great | grand in property x2 (ka) 

by standard x3〉 indicates a subjective greatness, as 

compared to the objective standard implied for barda; 

(synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, 

6 

illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, 

august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, 

eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally 

zabna); terrible (mabla) 

banpliske pragmatics [bangu+pilno+saske] 

banro [ba’o] 〈x1 grows | expands [an increasing 

development] to size | into form x2 from x3〉 also rising, 

developing; x1 gets bigger | enlarges | increases 

bantadni linguistics | linguist [bangu+tadni] 

banvelsku to be in language x [bangu+ve+cusku] 

banxa [bax] 〈x1 is a bank owned by | in banking system 

x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event)〉 

banzu [baz] 〈x1 (object) suffices | is enough | sufficient 

for purpose x2 under conditions x3〉 

bapli [bai, bap] 〈x1 [force] (ka) forces | compels event 

x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest〉 also 

constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term 

(better expressed by danre) 

bapu [PU] will have been time tense: will have been; 


barda [bra] 〈x1 is big | large in property | dimension(s) 

x2 (ka) as compared with standard | norm x3〉 

barfle to flow out of [bartu+flecu] 

bargu [bag] 〈x1 arches | curves over | around x2 and is 

made of x3; x1 is an arch over | around x2 of material 

x3〉 also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point 

or volume 

barja 〈x1 is a tavern | bar | pub serving x2 to audience | 

patrons x3〉 

barkalri to have an opening to the outside [bartu+kalri] 

barkla to exit [bartu+klama] 

barna [ba’a] 〈x1(s) is a | are mark(s) | spot(s) on x2 of 

material x3〉 ba’armo’a for a pattern of marks 

bartca suburb [bartu+tcadu] 

barterzga exteroperceptors [bartu+te+zgana] 

bartu [bar] 〈x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to 

x2〉 

basna 〈x1 emphasizes | accentuates | gives emphasis | 

stress | accent to x2 by (action) x3〉 

basti [bas] 〈x1 replaces | substitutes for | instead of x2 in 

circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement | substitute〉 also: 

x1 trades places with x2 

basygau to replace Y with Z [basti+gasnu] 

basyvla anaphora [basti+valsi]

atci bi’i 

batci [bat] 〈x1 bites | pinches x2 on | at specific locus x3 

with x4〉 bite through (= ka’arbatci, batygre); pinch (= 

cinzybatci) 

batfendi to bite something apart [batci+fendi] 

batke 〈x1 is a button | knob | [handle] on | for item x2, 

with purpose x3, made of material x4〉 

bau [BAI] in language bangu modal, 1st place in 

language ... 

baucmu language basis; (e.g. Esperanto’s Fundamento) 

[bangu+jicmu] 

baucre linguist (informally - more appropriate for 

[bangu+certu] 

baupli to speak a language [bangu+pilno] 

bauske linguistics [bangu+saske] 

bavlamdei tomorrow, the next day, the day after 

[balvi+lamji+djedi] 

bavlamjeftu next week, the week after 

[balvi+lamji+jeftu] 

bavlamvanci the next evening, the immediately 

following evening, this evening | tomorrow evening 

(depending on current time of day) [balvi+lamji+vanci] 

bavmi 〈x1 is a quantity of barley [grain] of species | 

strain x2〉 

bavyspe fiance; fiancee [balvi+speni] 

bavyteireftei anniversary [balvi+temci+krefu+temci] 

baxso 〈x1 reflects Malay-Indonesian common language 

| culture in aspect x2〉 

be [BE] link sumti sumti link to attach sumti (default 

x2) to a selbri; used in descriptions 

be’a [FAhA1] north of location tense relation | 

direction; north of 

be’e [COI] request to send vocative: request to send | 

speak 

be’i [BAI] sent by benji modal, 1st place (sender) sent 

by ... 

be’o [BEhO] end linked sumti elidable terminator: end 

linked sumti in specified description 

be’u [UI5] lack attitudinal modifier: lack | need - 

presence | satisfaction - satiation claxu, nitcu, mansa 

be’ucu’i [UI5] presence attitudinal modifier: lack | need 

- presence | satisfaction - satiation 

be’unai [UI5] satiation attitudinal modifier: lack | need 

- presence | satisfaction - satiation 

bebgei giddy [bebna+gleki] 

bebna [beb] 〈x1 is foolish | silly in event | action | 

property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob〉 

befcro bellyache [betfu+cortu] 

befsri belt [betfu+dasri] 

bei [BEI] link more sumti separates multiple linked 

sumti within a selbri; used in descriptions 

beipre carrier; waiter; porter (etc.) [bevri+prenu] 

beircarce wagon, cart [bevri+carce] 

bemjoitco the Americas [bemro+joi+ketco] 

bemro [be’o, bem] 〈x1 reflects North American culture | 

nationality | geography in aspect x2〉 

bende [be’e, bed] 〈x1 is a crew | team | gang | squad | 

band of persons x2 directed | led by x3 organized for 

purpose x4〉 also orchestra (= zgibe’e, balzgibe’e), outfit; 

x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= 

cajbe’e, venbe’e) 

bengo [beg] 〈x1 reflects Bengali | Bangladesh culture | 

nationality | language in aspect x2〉 

benji [be’i, bej] 〈x1 transfers | sends | transmits x2 to 

receiver x3 from transmitter | origin x4 via means | 

medium x5〉 also possibly ”sharing”; no (complete) 

alienation from origin is implied 

benmro brain-dead [besna+morsi] 

bermau something to the North of you [berti+zmadu] 

berpau northern part of something (e.g. territory) 

[berti+pagbu] 

bersa [be’a, bes] 〈x1 is a son of mother | father | parents 

x2 [not necessarily biological]〉 also filial 

berstici northwest [berti+stici] 

berstuna northeast [berti+stuna] 

berti [ber] 〈x1 is to the north | northern side 

[right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of 

reference x3〉 

besmamta mother of son [as opposed to daughter] X 

[bersa+mamta] 

besna [ben] 〈x1 is a | the brain [body-part] of x2; 

[metaphor: intelligence, mental control]〉 also cerebral 

betfu [be’u, bef] 〈x1 is a | the abdomen | belly | lower 

trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection]〉 also 

stomach (= djaruntyrango), digestive tract (= befctirango, 

befctirangyci’e) 

betri [bet] 〈x1 is a tragedy | disaster | tragic for x2〉 

bevri [bei, bev] 〈x1 carries | hauls | bears | transports 

cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier | 

[porter]〉 alienation from x2 to x3 is implied 

bi [PA1] [biv] 8 digit | number: 8 (digit) [eight] 

bi’i [BIhI] [biz] unordered interval non-logical interval 

connective: unordered between ... and ... 

7

i’o bloti 

bi’o [BIhI] ordered interval non-logical interval 

connective: ordered from ... to ... 

bi’u [UI3a] new information discursive: newly 

introduced information - previously introduced 

information nindatni, saurdatni 

bi’unai [UI3] old information discursive: newly 

introduced information - previously introduced 

information 

bidju 〈x1 is a bead | pebble [shape | form] of material 

x2〉 

bifcau still [of day] [brife+claxu] 

bifce [bic] 〈x1 is a bee | wasp | hornet of species | breed 

x2〉 

bifkluza fluttering, loose to the wind [brife+kluza] 

bifmlo windmill [brife+molki] 

bifyvilcarvi windstorm [brife+vlile+carvi] 

bigygau to obligate someone to do something 

[bilga+gasnu] 

bijyjbu desk [briju+jubme] 

biki’o [PA] 8,000 number | quantity: 8,000 expressed 

with comma 

bikla [bik] 〈x1 whips | lashes | snaps [a sudden violent 

motion]〉 

bikydamri whip [musical instrument] [bikla+damri] 

bikykla to dash, to rush [bikla+klama] 

bilga [big] 〈x1 is bound | obliged to | has the duty to do | 

be x2 in | by standard | agreement x3; x1 must do x2〉 

also x3 frame of reference 

bilma [bi’a] 〈x1 is ill | sick | diseased with symptoms x2 

from disease x3〉 

bilni [bil] 〈x1 is military | regimented | is strongly 

organized | prepared by system x2 for purpose x3〉 also 

paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to 

those trained | organized as part of an army to defend a 

state (= bilpre) 

bimei [MOI] is a octet quantifier selbri: convert 8 to 

cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the octet of members x2 

bimoi [MOI] is eighth among quantified selbri: convert 

8 to ordinal selbri; x1 is eighth among x2 ordered by rule 

x3 

bimxra wall picture [mural or framed painting] 

[bitmu+pixra] 

bindo [bid] 〈x1 reflects Indonesian culture | nationality | 

language in aspect x2〉 

bino [PA] 80 number | quantity: 80 [eighty] 

8 

binono [PA] 800 number | quantity: 800 [eight hundred] 

binonovo [PA] 8004 number | quantity: 8004, without 

comma 

binra 〈x1 insures | indemnifies x2 (person) against peril 

x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event)〉 also x3 loss; 

sell | purchase insurance (= binryve’u), premium (= 

binrydi’a, or binryvelve’u) 

binxo [bi’o, bix] 〈x1 becomes | changes | converts | 

transforms into x2 under conditions x3〉 resultative, 

not-necessarily agentive, change 

bircidni elbow [birka+cidni] 

birdadykla to brachiate [birka+dandu+klama] 

birjai hug, embrace [birka+jgari] 

birje 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a amount of beer | ale 

| brew brewed from x2〉 

birka [bir] 〈x1 is a | the arm [body-part] of x2; 

[metaphor: branch with strength]〉 also elbow (= 

bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo’e), appendage (but jimca, 

rebla preferred) 

birtafpau sleeve [birka+taxfu+pagbu] 

birti [bit] 〈x1 is certain | sure | positive | convinced that 

x2 is true〉 

birvrajvi arm-wrestling [birka+vraga+jivna] 

bisli [bis] 〈x1 is a quantity of | is made of | contains ice 

[frozen crystal] of composition | material x2〉 

composition including x2, which need not be a complete 

composition 

bisycmaplini comet [bisli+cmalu+plini] 

bitmu [bi’u, bim] 〈x1 is a wall | fence separating x2 and 

x3 (unordered) of | in structure x4〉 

blabi [lab] 〈x1 is white | very-light colored [color 

adjective]〉 pale forms of other colors are a compound of 

white; e.g. pink (= labyxu’e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is 

used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity) 

blaci 〈x1 is a quantity of | is made of | contains glass of 

composition including x2〉 

blanu [bla] 〈x1 is blue [color adjective]〉 

bliku [bli] 〈x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape | form] of 

material x2, surfaces | sides x3〉 

blocra prow [bloti+crane] 

blogre to be ferried [bloti+pagre] 

blokla to go by boat [bloti+klama] 

blosazri boat pilot [bloti+sazri] 

bloti [blo, lo’i, lot] 〈x1 is a boat | ship | vessel [vehicle] 

for carrying x2, propelled by x3〉

lufle bu’e 

blufle blood-flow [ciblu+flecu] 

bo [BO] [bor] short scope link short scope joiner; joins 

various constructs with shortest scope and right grouping 

bofsnipa sticky patch, sticky foil in general 

[boxfo+snipa] 

bogygreku skeleton [bongu+greku] 

bogykamju spine, emphasizing shape | columnar aspect 

[bongu+kamju] 

boi [BOI] end number or lerfu elidable terminator: 

terminate numeral or letteral string 

boijme pearl; any ball-shaped gem [bolci+jemna] 

bolci [boi, bol] 〈x1 is a ball | sphere | orb | globe [shape | 

form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of 

x2]〉 also round 

bolgrijvi ball game tournament (generic) 

[bolci+girzu+jivna] 

bolkei ball game (generic) [bolci+kelci] 

bolkeijvi to compete at a ball game [bolci+kelci+jivna] 

boltikpa to kick a football [bolci+tikpa] 

boltipkei football [as game] [bolci+tikpa+kelci] 

boltipyboi football ball [bolci+tikpa+bolci] 

boltipyjvi football [as competition] [bolci+tikpa+jivna] 

bongu [bo’u, bog] 〈x1 is a | the bone | ivory [body-part], 

performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: 

calcium]〉 x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure | 

support for some body part, but others as well such as the 

eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu’a le 

¡body-part¿); cartilage | gristle (= ranbo’u), skeleton (= 

bogygreku) 

botpi [bo’i, bot] 〈x1 is a bottle | jar | urn | flask | closable 

container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4〉 

boxfo [bo’o, bof] 〈x1 is a sheet | foil | blanket 

[2-dimensional shape | form flexible in 3 dimensions] of 

material x2〉 

boxna [bo’a, bon] 〈x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in 

medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, frequency 

x5〉 

brablo ship, big ship [barda+bloti] 

brabra colossal [barda+barda] 

brabracrida giant [barda+barda+crida] 

bracutci boot [barda+cutci] 

bradi 〈x1 is an enemy | opponent | adversary | foe of x2 

in struggle x3〉 

bradzu to stride [barda+cadzu] 

brajmadegji big toe [barda+jamfu+degji] 

brajmadegycalku big toe nail 

[barda+jamfu+degji+calku] 

brakruca amply overlap [barda+kruca] 

bramau bigger [barda+zmadu] 

brapatxu big pot, cauldron [barda+patxu] 

braplu continent [barda+daplu] 

bratu 〈x1 is hail | sleet | freezing rain | solid 

precipitation of material | composition including x2〉 this 

is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, 

which is carvi 

bravau large container [barda+vasru] 

brazo [raz] 〈x1 reflects Brazilian culture | nationality | 


bredi [bre, red] 〈x1 is ready | prepared for x2 (event)〉 

bregau to prepare, to ready [bredi+gasnu] 

bridi [bri] 〈x1 (text) is a predicate relationship with 

relation x2 among arguments (sequence | set) x3〉 also: 

x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered 

places) 

brife [bi’e, bif] 〈x1 is a breeze | wind | gale from 

direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2〉 

briju [bij] 〈x1 is an office | bureau | work-place of 

worker x2 at location x3〉 

brito [rit] 〈x1 reflects British | United Kingdom culture | 

nationality in aspect x2〉 

brivla predicate word (properly, selbrivla) [bridi+valsi] 

broda [rod] 〈1st assignable variable predicate (context 

determines place structure)〉 

brode [bo’e] 〈2nd assignable variable predicate (context 


brodi 〈3rd assignable variable predicate (context 


brodo 〈4th assignable variable predicate (context 


brodu 〈5th assignable variable predicate (context 


bromalsi synagogue [xebro+malsi] 

bruna [bu’a, bun] 〈x1 is brother of | fraternal to x2 by 

bond | tie | standard | parent(s) x3; [not necess. 

biological]〉 

bu [BU] [bu’i, bus] word to lerfu convert any single word 

to BY 

bu’a [GOhA] [bul] some selbri 1 logically quantified 

predicate variable: some selbri 1 

bu’e [GOhA] some selbri 2 logically quantified 


9

u’i caidji 

bu’i [GOhA] some selbri 3 logically quantified 


bu’o [UI7] start emotion attitudinal contour: start 

emotion - continue emotion - end emotion 

bu’ocu’i [UI7] continue emotion attitudinal contour: 

start emotion - continue emotion - end emotion 

bu’onai [UI7] end emotion attitudinal contour: start 

emotion - continue emotion - end emotion 

bu’u [FAhA3] coincident with location tense relation | 

direction; coincident with | at the same place as; space 

equivalent of ca 

budjo [bu’o, buj] 〈x1 pertains to the Buddhist culture | 

religion | ethos in aspect x2〉 

bukcilta thread [bukpu+cilta] 

bukmra tent [bukpu+marbi] 

bukpu [bu’u, buk] 〈x1 is an amount of cloth | fabric of 

type | material x2〉 

bukyjabre parachute [bukpu+jabre] 

bukykoi selvedge of... [clothing] [bukpu+korbi] 

bumru [bum] 〈x1 is foggy | misty | covered by a fog | 

mist | vapor of liquid x2〉 

bunda [bud] 〈x1 is x2 (def. 1) local weight unit(s) 

[non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4〉 

bunre [bu’e, bur] 〈x1 is brown | tan [color adjective]〉 

bunspe person married to one’s brother; sister-in-law 

[bruna+speni] 

burcu [bru] 〈x1 is a brush for purpose x2 (event) with 

bristles x3〉 

burna 〈x1 is embarrassed | disconcerted | flustered | 

ill-at-ease about | under conditions x2 (abstraction)〉 

burnanba brown bread [bunre+nanba] 

by [BY2] b letteral for b 

ca [PU] during time tense relation | direction: is [selbri]; 

during | simultaneous with [sumti]; present tense 

ca ma [PU] when? sumti question asking for a time | 

date | event; simultaneous with what? 

ca’a [CAhA] [caz] actually is modal aspect: actuality | 

ongoing event 

ca’e [UI2] I define evidential: I define mitcu’a, mitsmu 

ca’i [BAI] by authority of catni modal, 1st place by 

authority of ... 

ca’o [ZAhO] continuative interval event contour: during 

...; continuative ——–— 

ca’u [FAhA2] in front of location tense relation | 

direction; forwards | to the front of ... 

10 

caba’o [ZAhO] has been time tense: has been, is now in 

the aftermath of; (tense | modal) 

cabdei today [cabna+djedi] 

cabmamta current mother [cabna+mamta] 

cabna [cab] 〈x1 is current at | in the present of | during | 

concurrent | simultaneous with x2 in time〉 

cabra [ca’a] 〈x1 is apparatus | mechanism | device | 

equipment for function x2 controlled | [triggered] by x3 

(agent)〉 form determined by | from function; does not 

imply automated | automatic action - requires an external 

agent | trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it 

requires an external agent to trigger or control the 

functions that it performs automatically) 

cabycedra modern era [of history] [cabna+cedra] 

cabysna symphony (fig.), concord, harmony of sounds, 

simultaneous sound [cabna+sance] 

cabysni signs for seasons and days [signs for specific 

times — of daytime and nighttime] [cabna+sinxa] 

caca’a [PU] currently is time tense: present actuality; 

modal aspect 

caca’o [ZAhO] is now time tense: is now | 

simultaneously, is now in the middle of; (tense | modal) 

cacra 〈x1 is x2 hours in duration (default is 1 hour) by 

standard x3〉 

cacyjva convention [tcaci+javni] 

cacysku people who say things habitually; [people who 

say proverbs, (though that’s more like se tcacyselsku)] 

[tcaci+cusku] 

cadgau to play [without a specific game; to play around] 

[cando+gasnu] 

cadykei to idly play with [cando+kelci] 

cadysti to cease and rest [cando+sisti] 

cadzu [dzu] 〈x1 walks | strides | paces on surface x2 

using limbs x3〉 

cafne [caf] 〈x1 (event) often | frequently | commonly | 

customarily occurs | recurs by standard x2〉 

cagypre farmer [cange+prenu] 

cagzai farmer’s market [cange+zarci] 

cai [CAI] intense emotion attitudinal: strong intensity 

attitude modifier 

caibra huge [carmi+barda] 

caicni ardent [carmi+cinmo] 

caicpe to beg of someone [request], (not ask for money) 

[carmi+cpedu] 

caicta to stare [carmi+catlu] 

caidji intense desire [carmi+djica]

caitcu caxno 

caitcu desperate [carmi+nitcu] 

caivru roaring [carmi+savru] 

caizma more intense [carmi+zmadu] 

cajeba [PU] during and after time tense: during and 

after; (tense | modal) 

cakcinki beetle [calku+cinki] 

cakcurnu snail [calku+curnu] 

cakla 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity of 

chocolate | cocoa〉 

cakyrespa tortoise, turtle [calku+respa] 

calku [cak] 〈x1 is a shell | husk [hard, protective 

covering] around x2 composed of x3〉 

camcarvi pours [intense rain], emphasizing bulk | 

intensity [carmi+carvi] 

camcikna wide awake [carmi+cikna] 

camcilce wild (e.g. of weather) [carmi+cilce] 

camcinla new [moon] [carmi+cinla] 

camcintungau petting [carmi+cinse+tunta+gasnu] 

camganra intensely broad [carmi+ganra] 

camgei intensely happy [carmi+gleki] 

campei intensely think, concentrate [carmi+pensi] 

camtoi effortfully [carmi+troci] 

camvrici various [carmi+vrici] 

canci 〈x1 vanishes | disappears from location x2; x1 

ceases to be observed at x2 using senses | sensor x3〉 also 

leaves, goes away (one sense) 

cando [cad] 〈x1 is idle | at rest | inactive〉 ”in motion”, 

not implying a change in location, is negation of this 

cange [cag] 〈x1 is a farm | ranch at x2, farmed by x3, 

raising | producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian〉 also 

grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not 

limited to plant crops 

canja [caj] 〈x1 exchanges | trades | barters commodity 

x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader | merchant | 

businessman〉 also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is | are 

commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja) 

canko [ca’o] 〈x1 is a window | portal | opening [portal] 

in wall | building | structure x2〉 

canlu [ca’u, cal] 〈x1 is space | volume | region | room 

[at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2〉 

canpa [cna] 〈x1 is a shovel | spade [bladed digging 

implement] for digging x2〉 

canre [can] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of 

sand | grit from source x2 of composition including x3〉 

also abrasive (= gukcanre) 

canti 〈x1 is a | the gut(s) | entrails | intestines | viscera | 

innards | digestive system [body-part] of x2〉 metaphor: 

process hub 

capu’o [ZAhO] is going to time tense: is going to, is 

now just about to, is now anticipating; (tense | modal) 

capyjde warning someone of danger, threaten 

[ckape+kajde] 

carce 〈x1 is a cart | carriage | wagon [wheeled vehicle] 

for carrying x2, propelled by x3〉 

carcpu to reel in (weak tanru) [carna+lacpu] 

cargau to turn (tr.) [carna+gasnu] 

carmi [cai, cam] 〈x1 is intense | bright | saturated | 

brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received | measured by 

observer x3〉 also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining 

(all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: 

gusycai or camgu’i); in colors, refers principally to 

increased saturation (with opposite kandi) 

carna [car] 〈x1 turns | rotates | revolves around axis x2 

in direction x3〉 also revolve (= jincarna) 

cartu [cat] 〈x1 is a chart | diagram | map of | about x2 

showing formation | data-points x3〉 

carvi [cav] 〈x1 rains | showers | [precipitates] to x2 from 

x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to ’rain’]〉 

casnu [snu] 〈x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual | jo’u 

possible) discuss(es) | talk(s) about topic | subject x2〉 

also chat, converse 

catke [ca’e] 〈x1 [agent] shoves | pushes x2 at locus x3〉 

move by pushing | shoving (= ca’ermuvgau) 

catlu [cta] 〈x1 looks at | examines | views | inspects | 

regards | watches | gazes at x2〉 also look through (= 

grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English ”look” often 

means a more generic ”observe” 

catni [ca’i] 〈x1 has authority | is an official in | on | over 

matter | sphere | persons x2 derived on basis x3〉 

catra 〈x1 (agent) kills | slaughters | murders x2 by 

action | method x3〉 

cau [BAI] lacked by claxu modal, 1st place lacked by ... 

caurgau deprive, remove [particularly of abstract 

qualities] [claxu+gasnu] 

cavyfle liquid pours from | to (non agentive) 

[carvi+flecu] 

cavykosta raincoat, mackintosh [carvi+kosta] 

caxno [cax] 〈x1 is shallow in extent in direction | 

property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard 

x4〉 

11

ce cibyslakyvla 

ce [JOI] [cec] in a set with non-logical connective: set 

link, unordered; ”and also”, but forming a set 

ce’a [LAU] font shift 2-word letteral | shift: the word 

following indicates a new font (e.g. italics, manuscript) 

ce’i [PA3] [cez] percent digit | number: % percentage 

symbol, hundredths 

ce’o [JOI] [ce’o] in a sequence with non-logical 

connective: ordered sequence link; ”and then”, forming a 

sequence 

cecla [ce’a, cel] 〈x1 launches | fires | shoots projectile | 

missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant | propulsion]〉 

also: x1 is a gun | launcher | cannon; x1 hurls | throws | 

casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need 

not be internal to x1) 

cecmu [ce’u, cem] 〈x1 is a community | colony of 

organisms x2〉 

cedra 〈x1 is an era | epoch | age characterized by x2 

(event | property | interval | idea)〉 

cei [CEI] pro-bridi assign selbri variable assignment; 

assigns broda series pro-bridi to a selbri 

ceirselcpe prayer [of roleplaying games] 

[cevni+se+cpedu] 

ceizda Heaven [cevni+zdani] 

celtci launching tool [cecla+tutci] 

cemlanzu tribal [cecmu+lanzu] 

cempre member of community [cecmu+prenu] 

cenba [cne] 〈x1 varies | changes in property | quantity 

x2 (ka | ni) in amount | degree x3 under conditions x4〉 

non-resultative, not-necessarily agentive change 

censa [ces] 〈x1 is holy | sacred to person | people | 

culture | religion | cult | group x2〉 

centi [cen] 〈x1 is a hundredth [1 | 100; 1x10**-2] of x2 

in dimension | aspect x3 (default is units)〉 

centre centimeter [centi+mitre] 

cerda [ced] 〈x1 is an heir to | is to inherit x2 (object | 

quality) from x3 according to rule x4〉 pedantically, 

inheriting an object should be a sumti-raising (tu’a if 

non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - 

the ownership of the object (= posycerda, posyselcerda 

for unambiguous semantics) 

cermurse dawn [cerni+murse] 

cerni [cer] 〈x1 is a morning [dawn until after typical 

start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at location x3〉 

certu [cre] 〈x1 is an expert | pro | has prowess in | is 

skilled at x2 (event | activity) by standard x3〉 also 

competent, skilled 

12 

cespre prophet, holy man [censa+prenu] 

cesycku holy book, scripture, bible, Koran 

[censa+cukta] 

cesystu holy site [censa+stuzi] 

cevni [cei, cev] 〈x1 is a | the god | deity of people(s) | 

religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine〉 

also divinity; x2 religion refers to the religious 

community as a mass 

cevrirni Father [of God] [cevni+rirni] 

cfagau to initiate something [cfari+gasnu] 

cfari [cfa] 〈x1 [state | event | process] commences | 

initiates | starts | begins to occur; (intransitive verb)〉 

cfatse sit down (co’a zutse) [cfari+zutse] 

cfika [fi’a, fik] 〈x1 is a work of fiction about plot | theme 

| subject x2 | under convention x2 by author x3〉 also 

story, lie, untrue 

cfila [cfi] 〈x1 (property - ka) is a flaw | fault | defect in 

x2 causing x3〉 

cfine 〈x1 is a wedge [shape | form | tool] of material x2〉 

cfipu [fi’u] 〈x1 (event | state) confuses | baffles x2 

[observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka)〉 

ci [PA1] [cib] 3 digit | number: 3 (digit) [three] 

ci’e [BAI] in system ciste modal, 1st place used in scalar 

negation in system | context ... 

ci’i [PA5] infinity digit | number: infinity; followed by 

digits =¿ aleph cardinality 

ci’iroi [ROI] infinite times tense interval modifier: 

occurs infinite times, eternally; objective tense; defaults 

as time 

ci’o [BAI] emotionally felt by cinmo modal, 1st place 

emotionally felt by ... 

ci’u [BAI] on the scale ckilu modal, 1st place on the 

scale ... 

cibdei Wednesday (daytime | nighttime non-specific) 

[ci+djedi] 

cibjantradamri triangle; [musical instrument] 

[ci+janco+tarti+damri] 

cibjgatai triangle [ci+jganu+tarmi] 

ciblu [blu] 〈x1 is blood | vital fluid of organism x2〉 

cibmeilei threesome [ci+mei+klesi] 

cibvanbi Wednesday evening [ci+vanbi] 

cibycte Wednesday night [nighttime] [ci+nicte] 

cibylajyterkruca three-way intersection 

[ci+klaji+te+kruca] 

cibyslakyvla three-syllable word [ci+slaka+valsi]

cibyteryrau cintyfaigau 

cibyteryrau tertiary [ci+te+gradu] 

cicfoi uncultivated field, forest, wasteland etc. 

[cilce+foldi] 

cicna 〈x1 is cyan | turquoise | greenish-blue [color 

adjective]〉 

cicpre wild man | woman, savage [cilce+prenu] 

cicyractu hare [cilce+ractu] 

cicyspa weed, plant growing in the wild [cilce+spati] 

cicyspafoi brush [cilce+spati+foldi] 

cidbajgre to scurry through [cidni+bajra+pagre] 

cidbajykla crawl [cidni+bajra+klama] 

cidja [dja] 〈x1 is food | feed | nutriment for x2; x1 is 

edible | gives nutrition to x2〉 

cidni [cid] 〈x1 is a | the knee | elbow | knuckle [hinged 

joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3〉 

cidro [dro] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of 

hydrogen (H); [metaphor: light, flammable]〉 

cidydzu crawl [cidni+cadzu] 

cidydzukla crawl [cidni+cadzu+klama] 

cidykla crawl [cidni+klama] 

cifnu [cif] 〈x1 is an infant | baby [helpless through youth 

| incomplete development] of species x2〉 also infantile 

cifydatka duckling [cifnu+datka] 

cifylisri children’s story [cifnu+lisri] 

cigla [cig] 〈x1 is a | the gland [body-part] secreting x2, 

of body x3; x2 is a secretion of x1〉 secretion (= selcigla) 

ciki’o [PA] 3,000 number | quantity: 3,000 expressed 

with comma 

cikna [cik] 〈(adjective:) x1 is awake | alert | conscious〉 

cikre 〈x1 repairs | mends | fixes x2 for use x3〉 a repair 

may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses 

of x2, hence x3 

ciksi [cki] 〈x1 (person) explains x2 (event | state | 

property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du’u)〉 explanation 

x4 is an underlying mechanism | details | purpose | 

method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally 

assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the 

various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, 

nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the 

existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this 

word not a simple expression of cause 

ciksne daydream [cikna+senva] 

cikygau to awaken (tr) [cikna+gasnu] 

cilce [cic] 〈(adjective:) x1 is wild | untamed〉 tame (= 

tolcilce) 

cilmo [cim] 〈x1 is moist | wet | damp with liquid x2〉 

cilre [cli] 〈x1 learns x2 (du’u) about subject x3 from 

source x4 (obj. | event) by method x5 (event | process)〉 

cilta [cil] 〈x1 is a thread | filament | wire [shape | form] 

of material x2〉 

cimde 〈x1 (property - ka) is a dimension of space | 

object x2 according to rules | model x3〉 

cimdilnu mist [cilmo+dilnu] 

cimei [MOI] is a trio quantifier selbri: convert 3 to 

cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the trio of members x2 

cimnalsra [foldi] 

cimni 〈x1 is infinite | unending | eternal in property | 

dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity) | of type x3〉 

cimnytei eternity [cimni+temci] 

cimoi [MOI] is third among quantified selbri: convert 3 

to ordinal selbri; x1 is third among x2 ordered by rule x3 

cimxra a picture done in paint, a painting (short for 

cimcintyxra) [cilmo+pixra] 

cinba 〈x1 (agent) kisses | busses x2 at locus x3〉 

cincigla gonad [cinse+cigla] 

cindu 〈x1 is an oak, a type of tree of species | strain x2〉 

cinfo 〈x1 is a lion | [lioness] of species | breed x2〉 

cingafpre transsexual [cinse+galfi+prenu] 

cinje [cij] 〈x1 is a wrinkle | crease | fold [shape | form] 

in x2〉 

cinki 〈x1 is an insect | arthropod of species x2; [bug | 

beetle]〉 

cinla 〈x1 is thin in direction | dimension x2 by standard 

x3; [relatively short in smallest dimension]〉 

cinmo [cni] 〈x1 feels emotion x2 (ka) about x3〉 also 

mood | humor (= nuncni) 

cino [PA] 30 number | quantity: 30 [thirty] 

cinono [PA] 300 number | quantity: 300 [three hundred] 

cinri [ci’i] 〈x1 (abstraction) interests | is interesting to 

x2; x2 is interested in x1〉 use x1 tu’a for non-specific 

interest in an object; interested in (= selci’i) 

cinse [cin] 〈x1 in activity | state x2 exhibits sexuality | 

gender | sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4〉 also: 

x1 courts | flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], 

ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; 

(adjective:) x1 is sexual | sexy; x1 is flirted with | 

courted by x2 (= cinfriti, cinjikca) 

cinta 〈x1 [material] is a paint of pigment | active 

substance x2, in a base of x3〉 

cintungau to stimulate someone sexually 

[cinse+tunta+gasnu] 

cintyfaigau to paint something [cinta+fatri+gasnu] 

13

cinza ckule 

cinza 〈x1 is a | are tong(s) | chopsticks | pincers | 

tweezers | pliers [tool | body-part] for x2 to pinch x3〉 

cipni [cpi] 〈x1 is a bird | avian | fowl of species x2〉 

cipra [cip] 〈x1 (process | event) is a test for | proof of 

property | state x2 in subject x3 (individ. | set | mass)〉 

also examination, proxy measure, validation; (a set in x3 

must be completely specified) 

circre historian [citri+certu] 

circtu historian [as teacher] [citri+ctuca] 

cirko [cri] 〈x1 loses person | thing x2 at | near x3; x1 

loses property | feature x2 in conditions | situation x3〉 

x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an 

event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for 

objects | commodities, this is sumti-raising from 

ownership of the object | commodity (= po’ecri, 

posyselcri for unambiguous semantics) 

cirla 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains cheese | curd from 

source x2〉 

ciroi [ROI] thrice tense interval modifier: thrice; 

objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense 

ciska [ci’a] 〈x1 inscribes | writes x2 on display | storage 

medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe〉 

also x3 writing surface 

cisma 〈x1 smiles | grins (facial expression)〉 smile | grin 

at something (= cismyfra) 

cistcika summer [daylight saving] time [crisa+tcika] 

ciste [ci’e] 〈x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 

among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (ka)〉 

citka [cti] 〈x1 eats | ingests | consumes (transitive verb) 

x2〉 

citkanba kid goat [citno+kanba] 

citmau younger [citno+zmadu] 

citnanla young boy [citno+nanla] 

citnau young man [citno+nanmu] 

citno [ci’o, cit] 〈x1 is young | youthful [relatively short 

in elapsed duration] by standard x2〉 also age (= 

nilnalci’o); (adjective:) x1 is junior 

citrai youngest [citno+traji] 

citri [cir] 〈x1 is a history of x2 according to x3 (person) | 

from point-of-view x3〉 also historic | historical (= 

cirtermo’i, cirvai) 

citsi 〈x1 is a season | is seasonal [cyclical interval], 

defined by interval | property x2, of year(s) x3〉 also 

anniversary (= citsydei, na’arcitsydei), jubilee (= 

mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as 

indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth 

14 

year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and | or 

x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, 

pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year 

civla [civ] 〈x1 is a louse | flea [blood-sucking arthropod] 

of species | breed x2, parasitic on x3〉 

civysfani flea [civla+sfani] 

cizra [ciz] 〈x1 is strange | weird | deviant | bizarre | odd 

to x2 in property x3 (ka)〉 also alien, mysterious, deviant, 

queer, unusual, exotic 

ckabu 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of rubber 

| latex from source x2 of composition including x3〉 

ckafi [kaf] 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity of 

coffee from source | bean | grain x2〉 

ckagai bedcover [ckana+gacri] 

ckaji [kai] 〈x1 has | is characterized by property | feature 

| trait | aspect | dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1〉 

manifested | property | quality | trait | feature | aspect (= 

selkai) 

ckakla to go to bed [ckana+klama] 

ckana [cka] 〈x1 is a bed | pallet of material x2 for 

holding | supporting x3 (person | object | event)〉 

ckape [cap] 〈x1 is perilous | dangerous | potentially 

harmful to x2 under conditions x3〉 x1 is a danger | peril 

to x2 

ckasu [cas] 〈x1 ridicules | mocks | scoffs at x2 about x3 

(property | event) by doing activity x4 (event)〉 

ckazbe base of bed [ckana+zbepi] 

ckeji [cke, kej] 〈x1 feels ashamed | mortified | humiliated 

under conditions x2 before community | audience x3〉 

ckiku [kik] 〈x1 is a key fitting | releasing | opening | 

unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3〉 

also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, 

kiktermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are 

those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the 

function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key 

to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and 

teeth 

ckilu [ci’u] 〈x1 (si’o) is a scale of units for measuring | 

observing | determining x2 (state)〉 

ckini [ki’i] 〈x1 is related to | associated with | akin to x2 

by relationship x3〉 

ckire [kir] 〈x1 is grateful | thankful to | appreciative of 

x2 for x3 (event | property)〉 also gratitude (= nunckire or 

kamckire) 

ckule [cu’e, kul] 〈x1 is school | institute | academy at x2 

teaching subject(s) x3 to audien. | commun. x4 operated

ckunu cmima 

by x5〉 also college, university 

ckunu [ku’u] 〈x1 is a conifer | pine | fir of species | 

strain x2 with cones x3〉 

ckupau book chapter [cukta+pagbu] 

ckupaupau book section [cukta+pagbu+pagbu] 

ckupra to publish [cukta+cupra] 

ckusro library [as collection of books] [cukta+sorcu] 

ckuzda library [cukta+zdani] 

ckuzdacre librarian [cukta+zdani+certu] 

ckuzdaske library science [cukta+zdani+saske] 

clacku long book, tome [clani+cukta] 

cladjine ellipse, ellipsoid, oval [clani+djine] 

cladu [lau] 〈x1 is loud | noisy at observation point x2 by 


clakurfa rectangle [clani+kurfa] 

clamau longer [clani+zmadu] 

clani [cla] 〈x1 is long in dimension | direction x2 (default 

longest dimension) by measurement standard x3〉 

clapre tall person [clani+prenu] 

claselxadni tall [clani+se+xadni] 

clatei long [in time]; [of events] [clani+temci] 

claxu [cau] 〈x1 is without | lacking | free of | lacks x2; 

x1 is x2-less〉 

clika 〈x1 is a moss | lichen of species | strain x2 

growing on x3; (adjective:) x1 is mossy〉 

clinoi instructional message; ”help” in computer game 

[cilre+notci] 

clira [lir] 〈x1 (event) is early by standard x2〉 

clite [lit] 〈x1 is polite | courteous | civil in matter x2 

according to standard | custom x3〉 also formal, ritual 

cliva [li’a, liv] 〈x1 leaves | goes away | departs | parts | 

separates from x2 via route x3〉 also: x1 leaves behind | 

takes leave of x2 

clupa [cup] 〈x1 is a loop | circuit of x2 [material]〉 also 

noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of 

shape, but merely that the ends join | meet); closed curve 

defined by set of points (= cuptai) 

cmabanfi small amphibian [cmalu+banfi] 

cmacai tiny [cmalu+carmi] 

cmaci 〈x1 is a mathematics of type | describing x2〉 

cmacifnu small infant [in size] [cmalu+cifnu] 

cmacinfo small lion (not primarily lion cub) 

[cmalu+cinfo] 

cmacma tiny [cmalu+cmalu] 

cmacpi small bird [cmalu+cipni] 

cmacrida dwarf [cmalu+crida] 

cmactatci microscope [cmalu+catlu+tutci] 

cmafle a trace [of mist] [cmalu+flecu] 

cmalu [cma] 〈x1 is small in property | dimension(s) x2 

(ka) as compared with standard | norm x3〉 

cmamudyspi woodchip, splinter [cmalu+mudri+spisa] 

cmana [ma’a] 〈x1 is a mountain | hill | mound | [rise] | 

[peak] | [summit] | [highlands] projecting from land 

mass x2〉 

cmapinflani piccolo [cmalu+pinta+flani] 

cmaplini small planet, asteroid [cmalu+plini] 

cmaplu little island [cmalu+daplu] 

cmaste small list [cmalu+liste] 

cmataisni figurine [used in games] 

[cmalu+tarmi+sinxa] 

cmatca village [cmalu+tcadu] 

cmatricu brush [cmalu+tricu] 

cmatru small governor [cmalu+turni] 

cmavo [ma’o] 〈x1 is a structure word of grammatical 

class x2, with meaning | function x3 in usage (language) 

x4〉 x4 may be a specific usage (with an embedded 

language place) or a massified language description; x3 

and x4 may be merely an example of cmavo usage or 

refer to an actual expression; cmavo list, if physical 

object (= (loi) ma’oste); referring to the mental construct 

(e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = 

ma’orpoi, ma’orselcmi, ma’orselste) 

cmaxli small girl [cmalu+nixli] 

cmazda small nest [cmalu+zdani] 

cmebasti pronoun, pseudonym [cmene+basti] 

cmekancu to count out, naming the numbers 

[cmene+kancu] 

cmene [cme, me’e] 〈x1 (quoted word(s)) is a | the name | 

title | tag of x2 to | used-by namer | name-user x3 

(person)〉 also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= selcme for 

reordered places) 

cmesanji to identify [be conscious of the name of] 

[cmene+sanji] 

cmetcita nametag [cmene+tcita] 

cmevla morphologically-defined name [name word] 

[cmene+valsi] 

cmila [mi’a] 〈x1 laughs (emotional expression)〉 x1 

laughs at x2 (= mi’afra) 

cmima [cmi, mim] 〈x1 is a member | element of set x2; 

x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid | among | amongst 

group x2〉 x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of 

members; x2 is normally marked by la’i | le’i | lo’i, 

15

cmodji cradyvelcradi 

defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), 

though it may be a complete enumeration of the 

membership 

cmodji to sigh for something [cmoni+djica] 

cmoni [cmo, co’i] 〈x1 utters moan | groan | howl | 

scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 

(property)〉 

cmosku to moan something [cmoni+cusku] 

cnadakfu chisel [canpa+dakfu] 

cnano [na’o] 〈x1 [value] is a norm | average in property | 

amount x2 (ka | ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4〉 

also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set) 

cnebo [ne’o, neb] 〈x1 is a | the neck [body-part] of x2; 

[metaphor: a relatively narrow point]〉 

cnecme varying names (poetic compound) 

[cenba+cmene] 

cnedatni a variable [cenba+datni] 

cnelai a variable [cenba+klani] 

cnemu [ne’u, nem] 〈x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for 

atypical x3 (event | property) with reward | desserts x4〉 

differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; 

rewards need not be positive but are in some sense 

deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive 

reward (= zanyne’u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= 

malne’u, sfane’u); x4 may be a specific object, a 

commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, 

for objects | commodities, this is sumti-raising from 

ownership of the object | commodity (= posne’u, 

posyvelne’u for unambiguous semantics) 

cnici [nic] 〈x1 is orderly | neat | ordered in property | 

quantity x2 (ka | ni)〉 

cnicro to hurt [emotionally] [cinmo+cortu] 

cnijbi sympathises, feels close to [cinmo+jibni] 

cnikansa empathy (in tanru) [cinmo+kansa] 

cnino [ni’o, nin] 〈x1 is new | unfamiliar | novel to 

observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a 

novelty〉 

cnisa [nis] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of 

lead (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, soft metal]〉 

cnisei heart (figurative), emotional self [cinmo+sepli] 

cnisni sign of emotion [cinmo+sinxa] 

cnita [ni’a, nit] 〈x1 is directly | vertically beneath | 

below | under | underneath | down from x2 in frame of 

reference x3〉 also underside, nether 

co [CO] [col] tanru inversion tanru inversion operator; 

”... of type ...”; allows modifier trailing sumti without 

16 

sumti links 

co’a [ZAhO] [co’a] initiative interval event contour: at 

the starting point of ...; initiative ¿—¡ — 

co’e [GOhA] [co’e, com] unspecif bridi elliptical | 

unspecified bridi relationship 

co’i [ZAhO] achievative interval event contour: at the 

instantaneous point of ...; achievative; point event ¿—¡ 

co’o [COI] partings vocative: partings | good-bye 

co’u [ZAhO] [co’u] cessative interval event contour: at 

the ending point of ... even if not done; cessative — ¿¡ — 

coi [COI] greetings vocative: greetings | hello 

coico’o [COI] greetings in passing vocative: greetings 

in passing 

cokcu [cko] 〈x1 soaks up | absorbs | sucks up x2 from x3 

into x4; x1 is an absorbant〉 

condi [cno, coi, con] 〈x1 is deep in extent in direction | 

property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard 

x4〉 

cortu [cor, cro] 〈x1 hurts | feels pain | hurt at locus x2〉 

cpacu [cpa] 〈x1 gets | procures | acquires | obtains | 

accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not 

implied]〉 also fetch; accept a gift (= seldu’acpa) 

cpadji to want [to get] something [cpacu+djica] 

cpana 〈x1 is upon | atop | resting on | lying on [the 

upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference | gravity x3〉 

cpare [par] 〈x1 climbs | clambers | creeps | crawls on 

surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs | tools]〉 

cpedu [cpe] 〈x1 requests | asks | petitions | solicits for 

x2 of | from x3 in manner | form x4〉 also demand (= 

mi’ecpe); x4 is a means of expression (cf. ve cusku): a 

request may be indicated in speech, in writing, or by an 

action (e.g. petitions are often in writing, while begging | 

panhandling may be indicated by an action or even 

demeanor) 

cpesku to plea, saying [cpedu+cusku] 

cpina 〈x1 is pungent | piquant | peppery | spicy | 

irritating to sense x2〉 also prickly (= pecycpina) 

cpinytsapi hot spices [cpina+tsapi] 

cpizda bird’s nest [cipni+zdani] 

cpumuvgau pull something [lacpu+muvdu+gasnu] 

cradi 〈x1 broadcasts | transmits [using radio waves] x2 

via station | frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4〉 also x1 

is a broadcaster 

cradyvelcradi radio transmitter | receiver (though 

velcradi should be adequate) [cradi+ve+cradi]

crane cukmakyvelvei 

crane [cra] 〈x1 is anterior | ahead | forward | (in | on) the 

front of x2 which faces | in-frame-of-reference x3〉 

crapau front, front portion [body part] [crane+pagbu] 

crasfe front surface [crane+sefta] 

crastu the front of [crane+stuzi] 

cravro front door [crane+vorme] 

creka [cek] 〈x1 is a shirt | blouse | top [upper-body 

garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material 

x2〉 

crelei character class [of role-playing games] 

[certu+klesi] 

crepu [rep] 〈x1 (agent) harvests | reaps | gathers crop | 

product | objects x2 from source | area x3〉 

cribe [rib] 〈x1 is a bear | ursoid of species | breed x2〉 

crida [rid] 〈x1 is a fairy | elf | gnome | brownie | pixie | 

goblin | kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos | religion 

x2〉 also orc, giant, demon or devil (when 

humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos | religion), 

bugbear, bogeyman 

crino [ri’o] 〈x1 is green | verdant [color adjective]〉 

cripu [rip] 〈x1 is a bridge | span over | across x2 between 

x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first]〉 

crisa [cis] 〈x1 is summer | summertime [hot season] of 

year x2 at location x3〉 

critu 〈x1 is autumn | fall [harvest | cooling season] of 


crodri painfully sad [cortu+badri] 

crogla searing heat [cortu+glare] 

crogle sadomasochism [cortu+gletu] 

crotsapi hot spices [cortu+tsapi] 

cruvei a permit; (part of tanru for) shares [curmi+vreji] 

ctacarna turn head to look, look around [catlu+carna] 

ctaru 〈x1 is a tide [cyclical | periodic expansion] in x2 

caused by x3〉 

ctebi [teb] 〈x1 is a | the lip [body-part] | rim of orifice x2 

of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial〉 

ctebixtei twilight [nicte+binxo+temci] 

ctejau dew [nicte+djacu] 

cteki [ce’i, tek] 〈x1 is a tax | levy | duty on goods | 

services | event x2 levied against x3 by authority | 

collector x4〉 

ctemanku the dark of the night [nicte+manku] 

ctemurse twilight [nicte+murse] 

ctesai supper [nicte+sanmi] 

cticinza chopsticks [citka+cinza] 

cticpe to order a meal [citka+cpedu] 

ctidakfu knife [citka+dakfu] 

ctidji to have a craving for, to like eating [citka+djica] 

ctigau to feed [citka+gasnu] 

ctile 〈x1 is a quantity of petroleum | oil from source x2〉 

ctilyvau gas tank, fuel tank [ctile+vasru] 

ctinei glutton, gourmand [citka+nelci] 

ctino [ti’o] 〈x1 is a shadow | the shade of object x2, 

made by light | energy source x3〉 

ctipla dietician [citka+platu] 

ctisla [picnic], banquet, feast [citka+salci] 

ctitci cutlery [citka+tutci] 

ctuca [ctu] 〈x1 teaches audience x2 ideas | methods | 

lore x3 (du’u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event)〉 

also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, 

professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1 | x5 is pedagogical 

ctucku textbook [ctuca+cukta] 

ctufau lesson [ctuca+fasnu] 

ctunoi instructions [ctuca+notci] 

ctutertcidu chrestomathy, learner, textbook 

[ctuca+te+tcidu] 

cu [CU] selbri separator elidable marker: separates 

selbri from preceding sumti, allows preceding terminator 

elision 

cu’a [VUhU3] absolute value unary mathematical 

operator: absolute value | norm —a— 

cu’e [CUhE] modal ? tense | modal question 

cu’i [CAI] neutral emotion attitudinal: neutral scalar 


cu’o [MOI] probability selbri convert number to 

probability selbri; event x1 has probability (n) of 

occurring under cond. x2 

cu’u [BAI] as said by cusku modal, 1st place (attribution 

| quotation) as said by source ...; used for quotation 

cu’u ko’a [BAI] as said by it-1 tagged sumti: can be 

used for embedded: it-1 said, ”...”, with editorial unquote 

and insert 

cucycau barefoot [cutci+claxu] 

cucyxelkla skate, rolerskate, etc. [cutci+xe+klama] 

cucyzbi shoe nose, toe of shoe [cutci+nazbi] 

cukla [cuk] 〈x1 is round | circular [2-dimensional shape 

| form]; x1 is a disk | circle | ring〉 normally used for a 

filled-in circle | disk, but emphasis on roundness means 

that the concept may include ’ring’ 

cukmakyvelvei computer disk | diskette 

[cukla+maksi+ve+vreji] 

17

cukta dafcpe 

cukta [cku] 〈x1 is a book containing work x2 by author 

x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5〉 x1 is a 

manifestation | container [a physical object or its 

analogue] of a work | content, not necessarily using 

paper (= selpapri) 

cuktai circle [cukla+tarmi] 

culcpe to beseech, to supplicate, to beg [for some 

privilege] [cumla+cpedu] 

culno [clu] 〈x1 is full | completely filled with x2〉 

cumki [cu’i, cum] 〈x1 (event | state | property) is 

possible under conditions x2; x1 may | might occur; x1 is 

a maybe〉 also possibility 

cumla [cul] 〈x1 is humble | modest about x2 

(abstraction); x1 displays humility about x2〉 

cumselpei conceivable [cumki+se+pensi] 

cundinkei lottery, gambling [cunso+jdini+kelci] 

cunfaigau to scatter something among, to distribute 

something randomly [e.g. cutting cards] 

[cunso+fatri+gasnu] 

cunmi 〈x1 is a quantity of millet [grain] of species | 

strain x2〉 

cunso [cu’o, cun] 〈x1 is random | fortuitous | 

unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability 

distribution x3〉 also accidental, chancy, by chance, 

adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu’a, cunselcu’a, 

cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on ”unpredictable”) 

cuntu [cu’u] 〈x1 is an affair | organized activity 

involving person(s) x2 (ind. | mass); x1 is x2’s business〉 

cupra [pra] 〈x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3〉 

cupypijne paperclip [clupa+pijne] 

curmi [cru] 〈x1 (agent) lets | permits | allows x2 (event) 

under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2〉 sufficient 

condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= 

tcinycru) 

curnu [cur] 〈x1 is a worm | invertebrate animal of 

species | breed x2〉 also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), 

shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the 

generalization to invertebrate is because almost all 

multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike 

curve [cuv] 〈x1 is pure | unadulterated | unmitigated | 

simple in property x2 (ka)〉 x1 is simply | purely | 

unmitigatedly | solely x2 

cusku [cus, sku] 〈x1 (agent) expresses | says x2 (sedu’u | 

text | lu’e concept) for audience x3 via expressive 

medium x4〉 also says 

18 

cutci [cuc] 〈x1 is a shoe | boot | sandal for covering | 

protecting [feet | hooves] x2, and of material x3〉 also 

boot (= tupcutci) 

cutne [cut] 〈x1 is a | the chest | thorax | upper trunk | [rib 

cage | breast] [body-part] of x2〉 

cuxna [cu’a, cux] 〈x1 chooses | selects x2 [choice] from 

set | sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set)〉 also 

prefer (= nelcu’a) 

cuxselgre filter; passband [cuxna+se+pagre] 

cuxtinbe go along with, agree to action [cuxna+tinbe] 

cy [BY2] c letteral for c 

da [KOhA1] [dav, dza] something 1 logically quantified 

existential pro-sumti: there exists something 1 (usually 

restricted) 

da’a [PA4] [daz] all except digit | number: all except n; 

all but n; default 1 

da’amoi [MOI] is penultimate among quantified selbri: 

converts all-but-(1) to ordinal selbri; x1 is penultimate 

among x2 by rule x3 

da’aremoi [MOI] is antepenultimate quantified selbri: 

converts all-but-2 to ordinal selbri; x1 is antepenult. 


da’e [KOhA2] eventual utterance pro-sumti: remote 

future utterance; ”He’ll tell you tomorrow. IT will be a 

doozy.” 

da’i [UI3] supposing discursive: supposing - in fact 

sruma 

da’inai [UI3] in fact discursive: supposing - in fact 

da’o [DAhO] cancel pro-assigns discursive: cancel 

pro-sumti | pro-bridi assignments 

da’u [KOhA2] earlier utterance pro-sumti: a remote 

past utterance; ”She couldn’t have known that IT would 

be true.” 

dabycalku armor [damba+calku] 

dabysmifau wargame [as simulation] 

[damba+simsa+fasnu] 

dacru [dac] 〈x1 is a drawer | file in structure x2, a 

[sliding compartment] container for contents x3〉 

dacti [dai] 〈x1 is a material object enduring in 

space-time; x1 is a thing〉 

dadgau to hang (tr.) [dandu+gasnu] 

dadgreku hanging rack [dandu+greku] 

dadjo [daj] 〈x1 pertains to the Taoist culture | ethos | 

religion in aspect x2〉 

dadysli pendulum [dandu+slilu] 

dafcpe to ask for an answer [danfu+cpedu]

dafsku daupro 

dafsku to answer [danfu+cusku] 

dagysfe pavement [dargu+sefta] 

dagysni road sign [dargu+sinxa] 

dai [UI5] empathy attitudinal modifier: marks 

empathetic use of preceding attitudinal; shows another’s 

feelings cnijmi 

dakfu [dak] 〈x1 is a knife (tool) for cutting x2, with 

blade of material x3〉 

dakli 〈x1 is a sack | bag with contents x2, and of 


daklycka sleeping bag [dakli+ckana] 

dalcange ranch [danlu+cange] 

damba [da’a, dab] 〈x1 fights | combats | struggles with 

x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter | combatant〉 

use x3 tu’a for fight over an object | objective 

damfri to have a smoke [danmo+lifri] 

damri 〈x1 is a drum | cymbal | gong [percussion 

musical instrument] with beater | actuator x2〉 

damselzdi to have a smoke [not necessarily inhaling] 

[danmo+se+zdile] 

dandu [dad] 〈x1 hangs | dangles | is suspended from x2 

by | at | with joint x3〉 

danfu [daf] 〈x1 is the answer | response | solution | 

[reply] to question | problem x2〉 

danlu [da’u, dal] 〈x1 is an animal | creature of species 

x2; x1 is biologically animate〉 

danmo [dam] 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity of 

smoke | smog | air pollution from source x2〉 x2 may be 

a fire 

danre [da’e] 〈x1 (force) puts pressure on | presses | 

applies force to x2〉 agentive press | depress (= da’ergau, 

da’erzu’e) 

dansu 〈x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment | 

music | rhythm x2〉 

danti [dan] 〈x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet | 

missile] for firing by [gun | propelling launcher] x2〉 also 

cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s) 

danvau quiver [for arrows] [danti+vasru] 

daplu [plu] 〈x1 is an island | atoll | key of [material | 

properties] x2 in surroundings | body x3; x1 is insular〉 

dapma [dap] 〈x1 curses | damns | condemns x2 to fate 

(event) x3〉 curse with a specific expression (= dapsku) 

dapsku to cuss, to curse saying... [dapma+cusku] 

daptutra Hell [dapma+tutra] 

darbajra run far, run away [darno+bajra] 

darctatci telescope [darno+catlu+tutci] 

dargu [dag] 〈x1 is a road | highway to x2 from x3 with 

route x4 (x2 | x3 may be unordered)〉 a regularly used, 

improved-for-use surface for travelling 

darkla going away [darno+klama] 

darlu [dau] 〈x1 argues for stand x2 against stand x3; [an 

opponent is not necessary]〉 

darno [da’o, dar] 〈x1 is far | distant from x2 in property 

x3 (ka)〉 

darsi 〈x1 shows audacity | chutzpah in behavior x2 

(event | activity); x1 dares to do | be x2 (event | ka)〉 x1 is 

bold 

darstuna far to the east [not necessarily the Far East] 

[darno+stuna] 

darxi [da’i, dax] 〈x1 hits | strikes | [beats] x2 with 

instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4〉 

daski 〈x1 is a pocket | pouch of | in garment | item x2〉 

dasni [das] 〈x1 wears | is robed | garbed in x2 as a 

garment of type x3〉 x2 need not be intended for use as a 

garment (unlike taxfu) 

daspo [spo] 〈x1 (event) destroys | ruins | wrecks | 

despoils x2; x1 is destructive〉 

dasri [sri] 〈x1 is a ribbon | tape | strip | band | stripe of 


datcinglepre non-homosexual, MOTOS 

[drata+cinse+gletu+prenu] 

datcinpampre non-homosexual, MOTOS 

[drata+cinse+prami+prenu] 

datka 〈x1 is a duck | [drake] of species | breed x2〉 

datklu other-culture (modifier) [drata+kulnu] 

datni 〈x1 (du’u) [fact | measurement] is data | 

information | statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method 

x3〉 

datnyvau computer variable, register, memory cell 

[datni+vasru] 

datnyvaugunma computer memory 

[datni+vasru+gunma] 

datnyvei file (incl. computers) [datni+vreji] 

datnyveiste file directory [datni+vreji+liste] 

datpavycinglepre heterosexual 

[drata+pa+cinse+gletu+prenu] 

datpavycinpampre heterosexual 

[drata+pa+cinse+prami+prenu] 

datpre the other one, other person [drata+prenu] 

dau [PA2] hex digit A digit | number: hex digit A 

(decimal 10) [ten] 

daupro to argue against a person [darlu+fapro] 

19

daxfle di’i 

daxfle To splash, or something like that [darxi+flecu] 

de [KOhA1] something 2 logically quantified existential 

pro-sumti: there exists something 2 (usually restricted) 

de’a [ZAhO] pausative event contour for a temporary 

halt and ensuing pause in a process 

de’e [KOhA2] soon utterance pro-sumti: a near future 

utterance 

de’i [BAI] dated detri modal, 1st place (for letters) dated 

... ; attaches date stamp 

de’o [VUhU3] logarithm binary mathematical operator: 

logarithm; [log | ln a to base b]; default base 10 or e 

de’u [KOhA2] recent utterance pro-sumti: a recent 

utterance 

decti [dec] 〈x1 is a tenth [1 | 10; 1x10**-1] of x2 in 

dimension | aspect x3 (default is units)〉 

degji [deg] 〈x1 is a | the finger | digit | toe [body-part] on 

limb | body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula]〉 

finger (= xandegji), toe (= jmadegji) 

degycpu to pluck; pizzicato [degji+lacpu] 

dei [KOhA2] this utterance pro-sumti: this utterance 

dejni [dej] 〈x1 owes x2 in debt | obligation to creditor x3 

in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor〉 

dekpu 〈x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) 

[non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits〉 

gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = 

likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), 

peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), 

tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); 

(all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the 

English measurement system in contrasting with some 

local system; the English system is otherwise presumed 

to be the default non-metric system) 

dekto [dek] 〈x1 is ten [10; 1*10**1] of x2 in dimension 

| aspect x3 (default is units)〉 

delno [de’o, del] 〈x1 is x2 candela [metric unit] in 

luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3〉 

dembi [deb] 〈x1 is a bean | pea | leguminous seed from 

plant [legume] x2〉 

demcarvi pours [intense rain], emphasizing denseness 

[denmi+carvi] 

demlanzu nuclear family [denmi+lanzu] 

demspa bushes [denmi+spati] 

demtse to crouch [since this ”condenses” the body] 

[denmi+zutse] 

denci [de’i, den] 〈x1 is a | the tooth [body-part] of x2; 

(adjective:) x1 is dental〉 

20 

denmi [dem] 〈x1 is dense | concentrated | packed | 

intense in property x2 (ka) at location | locus x3〉 

denmikce dentist [denci+mikce] 

denpa [de’a, dep] 〈x1 awaits | waits | pauses for | until 

x2 at state x3 before starting | continuing x4 (activity | 

process)〉 (x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: 

resuming x4 

denpa bu [BY] pause symbol letteral: Lojban ”.” 

character 

densai gum [denci+sanmi] 

densru gums, bone, and tissue connecting teeth 

[denci+sruri] 

densrumikce periodontist [denci+sruri+mikce] 

denvanbi gums, bone, and tissue connecting teeth 

[denci+vanbi] 

depcni patience [denpa+cinmo] 

depstu waiting room, busstop etc [denpa+stuzi] 

derjbe to sprout [of plant] [dertu+jbena] 

dersfe dirt surface, ground [dertu+sefta] 

dertu [de’u, der] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made 

of dirt | soil | earth | ground from source x2 of 

composition x3〉 also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition 

including x3, which need not be exhaustive of 

composition 

derxi [dre] 〈x1 is a heap | pile | stack | mound | hill of 

materials x2 at location x3〉 

desku [des] 〈x1 shakes | quakes | trembles | quivers | 

shudders | wobbles | vibrates from force x2〉 also 

(expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to 

and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion 

desygau to shake (tr.) [desku+gasnu] 

detcartu calendar; appointment book [detri+cartu] 

detcku diary [detri+cukta] 

detri [det] 〈x1 is the date [day,week,month,year] of 

event | state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4〉 

detyselylacri prompt [detri+se+lacri] 

di [KOhA1] something 3 logically quantified existential 

pro-sumti: there exists something 3 (usually restricted) 

di’a [ZAhO] resumptitive event contour for resumption 

of a paused process 

di’e [KOhA2] next utterance pro-sumti: the next 

utterance 

di’i [TAhE] regularly tense interval modifier: regularly; 

subjective tense | modal; defaults as time tense

di’inai djecitsi 

di’inai [TAhE] irregularly tense interval modifier: 

irregularly | aperiodically; tense | modal; defaults as time 

tense 

di’o [BAI] at the locus of diklo modal, 1st place at the 

locus of ... 

di’u [KOhA2] last utterance pro-sumti: the last 

utterance 

dibdji to wish, heart’s desire [dirba+djica] 

dibrai dearest [dirba+traji] 

dibzda home, hearth [dirba+zdani] 

dicfle electrical current [dikca+flecu] 

dicra [dir] 〈x1 (event) interrupts | stops | halts | 

[disrupts] x2 (object | event | process) due to quality x3〉 

also disturbs (one sense) 

dicycau electrically uncharged [dikca+claxu] 

dicydenmi electrically negative [dikca+denmi] 

dicyjdika electrically positive (also ma’u zei dikca) 

[dikca+jdika] 

dicysro battery [dikca+sorcu] 

digyligykamju stalactite | stalagmite 

[dirgo+sligu+kamju] 

dijbartu outdoors [dinju+bartu] 

dijypanka plazza [dinju+panka] 

dijysenta floor [of building] [dinju+senta] 

dikca [dic] 〈x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] 

in | on x2 of polarity | quantity x3 (def. negative)〉 (x3, a 

quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the 

numerals for positive and negative ma’u and ni’u); 

(explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); 

current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative | 

electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca) 

diklo [klo] 〈x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 

within range x3〉 indicates a specific location | value 

within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that 

a hits? Thus x1 is associated with a specific narrow 

region | interval x2 of wider space | range x3 

dikni [dik] 〈x1 is regular | cyclical | periodic in property 

(ka) | activity x2 with period | interval x3〉 also uniform; 

resonant (= dikslicai) 

diktau regular tanru; misnomer for ri’irtanru 

[dikni+tanru] 

diktcika regular time [for appointments, meetings, etc.) 

[dikni+tcika] 

dikyjvo regular (na’i) lujvo; misnomer for ri’ijvo 

[dikni+lujvo] 

dilcu 〈x1 is a quotient of ’x2 | x3’ [dividend x2 divided 

by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4〉 

dilnu [dil] 〈x1 is a cloud of material x2 in air mass x3 at 

floor | base elevation x4〉 

dimcei Fortune, as an abstract entity [dimna+cevni] 

dimna [dim] 〈x1 is a fate | destiny of x2; [doom, curse 

are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated | predestined | doomed to 

x1〉 fated | destined | doomed (= seldimna) 

dincpa To earn [money] [jdini+cpacu] 

dinju [di’u, dij] 〈x1 is a building | edifice for purpose 

x2〉 

dinko [di’o] 〈x1 is a nail | tack [pointed driven | 

frictional fastener] of type | size x2 (ka), made of 


dinselxaksu wasted money [jdini+se+xaksu] 

dinske economics [jdini+saske] 

dinsro treasury [jdini+sorcu] 

dintro managing financial matters [jdini+jitro] 

dirba [dib] 〈x1 is dear | precious | darling to x2; x1 is 

emotionally valued by x2〉 x1 may be a specific object, a 



ownership of the object | commodity (= posydirba for 

unambiguous semantics) 

dirce [di’e] 〈x1 radiates | emits x2 under conditions x3〉 

dirgo [dig] 〈x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of 

material [liquid | vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3〉 

dirsno slow due to interruptions [dicra+masno] 

dirtadji computer interrupt [dicra+tadji] 

dizlo [diz, dzi] 〈x1 is low | down | downward in frame of 

reference x2 as compared with baseline | standard height 

x3〉 also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance 

above a zero point | baseline, or is that baseline itself 

djabei waiter [cidja+bevri] 

djabeipre waiter [cidja+bevri+prenu] 

djacautsi empty seed [cidja+claxu+tsiju] 

djacpi edible fowl [cidja+cipni] 

djacu [jac, jau] 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity | 

expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous | [aquatic]〉 

aquatic (= jaupli) 

djagru edible grain [cidja+gurni] 

djaruntygau to digest [cidja+runta+gasnu] 

djaselcrepu crops [cidja+se+crepu] 

djaspi morsel of food [cidja+spisa] 

djecitsi anniversary day [djedi+citsi] 

21

djedi dunda 

djedi [dei, dje] 〈x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 

1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal〉 today 

(= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= 

prulamdei) 

djekarni newspaper [djedi+karni] 

djerolmeicabrefkai daily 

[djedi+ro+mei+cabna+krefu+ckaji] 

djetei day as duration [djedi+temci] 

djica [dji] 〈x1 desires | wants | wishes x2 (event | state) 

for purpose x3〉 if desire is for an object, this is 

sumti-raising; use tu’a in x2 (or use lujvo = po’edji) 

djine [jin] 〈x1 is a ring | annulus | torus | circle [shape | 

form] of material x2, inside diam. x3, outside diam. x4〉 

also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for 

near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed 

loops) 

djuno [ju’o, jun] 〈x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du’u) about 

subject x3 by epistemology x4〉 

djunoi instructions, ”help” [sidju+notci] 

do [KOhA3] [doi, don] you pro-sumti: you listener(s); 

identified by vocative 

do’a [UI3] generously discursive: generously - 

parsimoniously dunda 

do’anai [UI3] parsimoniously discursive: generously - 

parsimoniously 

do’e [BAI] unspecif modal elliptical | unspecified modal 

do’i [KOhA2] unspecif utterance pro-sumti: elliptical | 

unspecified utterance variable 

do’o [KOhA3] you and others pro-sumti: you the 

listener & others unspecified 

do’u [DOhU] end vocative elidable terminator: end 

vocative (often elidable) 

doi [DOI] vocative marker generic vocative marker; 

identifies intended listener; elidable after COI 

doido’u [DOI] O You! generic vocative address to 

intended listener; 

donri [do’i, dor] 〈x1 is the daytime of day x2 at location 

x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal (vs. nocturnal)〉 

dormidju noon, midday [donri+midju] 

dormijbalvi afternoon [donri+midju+balvi] 

dormijysai lunch [donri+midju+sanmi] 

dotco [do’o, dot] 〈x1 reflects German | Germanic culture 

| nationality | language in aspect x2〉 

drabai ”...forced by correctness” [drani+bapli] 

22 

draci 〈x1 is a drama | play about x2 [plot | theme | 

subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5〉 

dracystu theatre [site, need not be building] 

[draci+stuzi] 

drani [dra] 〈x1 is correct | proper | right | perfect in 

property | aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4〉 

drarajytse to sit up straight [drani+sraji+zutse] 

draseltai well-proportioned [of body] [drani+se+tarmi] 

drata [dat] 〈x1 isn’t the-same-thing-as | is different-from 

| other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else〉 

dritrasma moping mum [badri+tarti+smaji] 

drudi [dru, rud] 〈x1 is a roof | top | ceiling | lid of x2〉 

drutapla roof | ceiling tile [drudi+tapla] 

du [GOhA] [du’o, dub] same identity as identity selbri; 

= sign; x1 identically equals x2, x3, etc.; attached sumti 

refer to same thing 

du’a [FAhA1] east of location tense relation | direction; 

east of 

du’e [PA4] too many digit | number: too many; 

subjective 

du’emei [MOI] is too many quantifier selbri: convert 

too many to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with too many 

members x2 

du’eroi [ROI] too many times tense interval modifier: 

too many times objective tense, defaults as time tense 

du’i [BAI] as much as dunli modal, 1st place (equalled 

by) equally; as much as ... 

du’o [BAI] according to djuno modal, 1st place (info 

source) authoritatively; according to ...; known by ... 

du’u [NU] [dum] bridi abstract abstractor: predication | 

bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi] expressed in 

sentence x2 

dubjavmau greater than or equal to [du+ja+zmadu] 

dudnei generous [dunda+nelci] 

dugri [dug] 〈x1 is the logarithm of x2 with base x3〉 

dugyste list of logarithms [dugri+liste] 

dukse [du’e, dus] 〈x1 is an excess of | too much of x2 by 

standard x3〉 cloying (= maldu’e, tolpu’adu’e) 

dukti [dut] 〈x1 is polar opposite from | contrary to x2 in 

property | on scale x3 (property | si’o)〉 

dunda [du’a, dud] 〈x1 [donor] gives | donates gift | 

present x2 to recipient | beneficiary x3 [without payment 

| exchange]〉 also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu’a for 

reordered places); the Lojban doesn’t distinguish 

between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may 

be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a

dunja fagri 

property; pedantically, for objects | commodities, this is 

sumti-raising from ownership of the object | commodity 

(= posydu’a, posyseldu’a for unambiguous semantics) 

dunja [duj] 〈x1 freezes | jells | solidifies at temperature 

x2 and pressure x3〉 

dunjbi approximately equal (not ’equivalent’; that is 

dunli, with an appropriate te dunli) [dunli+jibni] 

dunku [du’u, duk] 〈x1 is anguished | distressed | 

emotionally wrought | stressed by x2〉 

dunli [du’i, dun] 〈x1 is equal | congruent to | as much as 

x2 in property | dimension | quantity x3〉 same in 

quantity | quality (not necessarily in identity); ’analogy’ 

may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of 

similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4) 

dunra [dur] 〈x1 is winter | wintertime [cold season] of 


dusnei fanatical [dukse+nelci] 

dusydarsi imprudent [dukse+darsi] 

dutsinso cosine [dukti+sinso] 

dutydikca negative electricity [dukti+dikca] 

dy [BY2] d letteral for d 

dzena [dze] 〈x1 is an elder | ancestor of x2 by bond | tie | 

degree x3; x1’s generation precedes x2’s parents〉 

dzimuvgau to lower (tr.) [dizlo+muvdu+gasnu] 

dzipo [zi’o, zip] 〈x1 reflects Antarctican culture | 


dzirai lowest [dizlo+traji] 

dzispa bush, shrubbery, low-laying plants [dizlo+spati] 

dzitricu bush [dizlo+tricu] 

dzugre walk in through... [cadzu+pagre] 

dzukansa walk together with [cadzu+kansa] 

dzukla to walk to [cadzu+klama] 

dzuklaji footpath [cadzu+klaji] 

dzupoikansa to follow someone in walking 

[cadzu+porsi+kansa] 

.e [A] sumti and logical connective: sumti afterthought 

and 

.e’a [UI1] permission attitudinal: permission - 

prohibition curmi 

.e’anai [UI1] prohibition attitudinal: permission - 

prohibition 

.e’e [UI1] competence attitudinal: competence - 

incompetence | inability kakne, certu 

.e’enai [UI1] incompetence attitudinal: competence - 

incompetence | inability 

.e’i [UI1] constraint attitudinal: constraint - 

independence - challenge selri’u, seljimte 

.e’icu’i [UI1] independence attitudinal: constraint - 

independence - challenge 

.e’inai [UI1] challenge attitudinal: constraint - 

independence - challenge 

.e’o [UI1] request attitudinal: request - negative request 

cpedu, pikci 

.e’onai [UI1] negative request attitudinal: request - 

negative request 

.e’u [UI1] suggestion attitudinal: suggestion - abandon 

suggest - warning stidi, kajde 

.e’ucu’i [UI1] abandon suggestion attitudinal: 

suggestion - abandon suggest - warning 

.e’unai [UI1] warning attitudinal: suggestion - abandon 

suggest - warning 

.ebu [BY] e letteral for e 

.ei [UI1] obligation attitudinal: obligation - freedom 

bilga, zifre 

.einai [UI1] freedom attitudinal: obligation - freedom 

.enai [A] sumti but not logical connective: sumti 

afterthought x but not y 

fa [FA] 1st sumti place sumti place tag: tag 1st sumti 

place 

fa’a [FAhA4] towards point location tense relation | 

direction; arriving at | directly towards ... 

fa’e [BAI] reverse of fatne modal, 1st place backwards; 

reverse of ... 

fa’i [VUhU2] reciprocal of unary mathematical 

operator: reciprocal; multiplicative inverse; [1 | a] 

fa’o [FAhO] end of text unconditional end of text; 

outside regular grammar; used for computer input 

fa’u [JOI] and respectively non-logical connective: 

respectively; unmixed ordered distributed association 

facki [fa’i, fak] 〈x1 discovers | finds out x2 (du’u) about 

subject | object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object)〉 

fadni [fad] 〈x1 [member] is ordinary | common | typical 

| usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set)〉 

also: x2 is a normal | common | ordinary | typical 

property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered 

places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; 

(x3 is complete set) 

fagdirpre firefighter [fagri+dicra+prenu] 

fagri [fag] 〈x1 is a fire | flame in fuel x2 burning-in | 

reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air | oxygen)〉 

23

fagycfatci fe’eroroi 

fagycfatci tinder box, cigarette lighter 

[fagri+cfari+tutci] 

fagyfesti ash [fagri+festi] 

fagyfesyska ash-coloured [fagri+festi+skari] 

fagyfesyvau ashtray [fagri+festi+vasru] 

fagysti to be extinguished [fagri+sisti] 

fagystigau to extinguish [fagri+sisti+gasnu] 

fai [FA] extra sumti place sumti place tag: tag a sumti 

moved out of numbered place structure; used in modal 

conversions 

fairbei to carry something distributing it to..., to bring 

and hand out... [fatri+bevri] 

falcru to drop (tr.) [farlu+curmi] 

falnu [fan] 〈x1 is a sail for gathering propelling material 

x2 on vehicle | motor x3〉 waterwheel (= jacfanxi’u) 

famdakfu chisel [fanmo+dakfu] 

famti 〈x1 is an aunt | uncle of x2 by bond | tie x3; x1 is 

an associated member of x2’s parent’s generation〉 

fancu 〈x1 is a function | single-valued mapping from 

domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression | rule x4〉 

fange 〈x1 is alien | foreign | [exotic] | unfamiliar to x2 

in property x3 (ka)〉 

fankla to sail to [falnu+klama] 

fanmo [fa’o, fam] 〈x1 is an end | finish | termination of 

thing | process x2; [not necessarily implying 

completeness]〉 x1 is final | last | at the last; x1 is a 

terminal | terminus of x2; x1 is the final | terminated state 

of terminated process x2; x2 terminates | ceases | stops | 

halts at x1 (= selfa’o for reordered places) 

fanri 〈x1 is a factory | foundry | industrial plant | mill 

producing x2 from materials x3〉 

fanta 〈x1 prevents | keeps | stops | restrains | constrains 

event x2 from occurring〉 

fanva 〈x1 translates text | utterance x2 to language x3 

from language x4 with translation result x5〉 

fanza [faz] 〈x1 (event) annoys | irritates | bothers | 

distracts x2〉 also: is disruptive to 

fapro [fap, pro] 〈x1 opposes | balances | contends 

against opponent(s) x2 (person | force ind. | mass) about 

x3 (abstract)〉 also resists 

farcne to bend [of a path] [farna+cenba] 

fargau to aim | direct something at something 

[farna+gasnu] 

farlu [fa’u, fal] 〈x1 falls | drops to x2 from x3 in gravity 

well | frame of reference x4〉 

24 

farna [fa’a, far] 〈x1 is the direction of x2 (object | event) 

from origin | in frame of reference x3〉 x2 is towards x1 

from x3 (= selfa’a for reordered places) 

farvi [fav] 〈x1 develops | evolves towards | into x2 from 

x3 through stages x4〉 

fasnu [fau] 〈x1 (event) is an event that happens | occurs | 

takes place; x1 is an incident | happening | occurrence〉 

fatci [fac] 〈x1 (du’u) is a fact | reality | truth | actuality, 

in the absolute〉 

fatne [fa’e, fat] 〈x1 [sequence] is in reverse order from 

x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object)〉 

also opposite (one sense) 

fatri [fai] 〈x1 is distributed | allotted | allocated | shared 

among x2 with shares | portions x3; (x2 | x3 fa’u)〉 also 

spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= 

fairgau, fairzu’e) 

fatytisygau open [un-stuff] [fatne+tisna+gasnu] 

fau [BAI] in the event of fasnu modal, 1st place 

(non-causal) in the event of ... 

faurpai to referee, to arbitrate [fasnu+pajni] 

favgau to develop (tr.) [farvi+gasnu] 

fazykei mischievous [fanza+kelci] 

fe [FA] 2nd sumti place sumti place tag: tag 2nd sumti 

place 

fe’a [VUhU3] nth root of binary mathematical operator: 

nth root of; inverse power [a to the 1 | b power] 

fe’e [FEhE] space aspects mark space interval 

distributive aspects; labels interval tense modifiers as 

location-oriented 

fe’eba’o [ZAhO] beyond location event contour tense: 

perfective in space; beyond the place of ... 

fe’eca’o [ZAhO] throughout location event contour 

tense: continuative in space; throughout the place of ... 

fe’eco’a [ZAhO] on this edge of location event contour 

tense: initiative in space; on this edge of ... 

fe’eco’i [ZAhO] at the point of location event contour 

tense: achievative in space; at the point of ... 

fe’emo’u [ZAhO] at the far end of location event 

contour tense: completive in space; at the far end of ... 

fe’enoroi [ROI] nowhere location tense interval 

modifier: never in space; objectively quantified tense 

fe’epu’o [ZAhO] up to the edge of location event 

contour tense: anticipative in space; up to the edge of ... 

fe’eroroi [ROI] everywhere location tense interval 

modifier: always in space; objectively quantified tense

fe’eza’o flalu 

fe’eza’o [ZAhO] continuing too far location event 

contour tense: superfective in space; continuing too far 

beyond ... 

fe’i [VUhU1] divided by n-ary mathematical operator: 

divided by; division operator; [(((a | b) | c) | ...)] 

fe’o [COI] over and out vocative: over and out (end 

discussion) 

fe’u [FEhU] end modal selbri elidable terminator: end 

nonce conversion of selbri to modal; usually elidable 

febgau to boil (tr.) [febvi+gasnu] 

febvi [feb] 〈x1 boils | evaporates at temperature x2 and 

pressure x3〉 roil (= febjicla) 

fegycau mild, meek [fengu+claxu] 

fei [PA2] hex digit B digit | number: hex digit B 

(decimal 11) [eleven] 

fekpre crazy person, lunatic [fenki+prenu] 

fekygei mad happiness [fenki+gleki] 

femti [fem] 〈x1 is 1x10**-15 of x2 in dimension | aspect 

x3 (default is units)〉 

fendi [fed] 〈x1 (agent) divides | partitions | separates x2 

into sections | parts | ind. x3 by method | partition x4〉 

also segments 

fengu [fe’u, feg] 〈x1 is angry | mad at x2 for x3 (action | 

state | property)〉 

fenki [fek] 〈x1 (action | event) is crazy | insane | mad | 

frantic | in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2〉 

fenra [fe’a, fer] 〈x1 is a crack | fissure | pass | cleft | 

ravine | chasm | [defect | flaw] [shape | form] in x2〉 

fenso [fe’o, fen] 〈x1 sews | stitches | sutures materials x2 

(ind. | set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4〉 

fepni [fei, fep] 〈x1 is measured in kopeck | cent 

money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3〉 

also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a 

price | cost | value 

fepri 〈x1 is a | the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: 

breathing | respiratory apparatus | bellows]〉 also 

(adjective:) x1 is pulmonary 

ferti [fre] 〈x1 is fertile | conducive for supporting the 

growth | development of x2; x1 is fruitful | prolific〉 also 

fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and 

actual | realized fertility) 

festi [fes] 〈x1(s) is | are waste product(s) [left to waste] 

by x2 (event | activity)〉 also shit, crap; agentive wasting 

(= fesygau, fesyzu’e) 

fesydai waste object, waste [festi+dacti] 

fetcinfo lioness [fetsi+cinfo] 

fetnolraitru queen regent [fetsi+nobli+traji+turni] 

fetsi [fe’i, fet] 〈x1 is a female | doe of species x2 

evidencing feminine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine〉 

fetspe wife [fetsi+speni] 

fetydzetru matriarch [fetsi+dzena+turni] 

fetyganti ovaries [fetsi+ganti] 

fi [FA] 3rd sumti place sumti place tag: tag 3rd sumti 

place 

fi’a [FA] sumti place ? sumti place tag: place structure 

number | tag question 

fi’e [BAI] created by finti modal, 1st place (creator) 

created by ... 

fi’i [COI] hospitality vocative: hospitality - 

inhospitality; you are welcome | make yourself at home 

fi’inai [COI] inhospitality vocative: hospitality - 

inhospitality 

fi’o [FIhO] selbri to modal convert selbri to nonce 

modal | sumti tag 

fi’u [PA3] fraction slash digit | number: fraction slash; 

default ” | n” =¿ 1 | n, ”n | ” =¿ n | 1, or ” | ” alone =¿ 

golden ratio 

figre [fig] 〈x1 is a fig [fruit | tree] of species | strain x2〉 

fikcku fiction book [cfika+cukta] 

filmau easier [frili+zmadu] 

filseljmi elementary [of concepts] [frili+se+jimpe] 

filselzga flagrant, in open view [frili+se+zgana] 

filso [fis] 〈x1 reflects Palestinian culture | nationality in 

aspect x2〉 

finfriti to dedicate Y to Z [finti+friti] 

finpe [fi’e, fip] 〈x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical 

extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrates]〉 

finti [fi’i, fin] 〈x1 invents | creates | composes | authors 

x2 for function | purpose x3 from existing elements | 

ideas x4〉 x1 is creative | inventive 

fipcange fish farm [finpe+cange] 

fipfalnu fin [finpe+falnu] 

fipkalte to fish [finpe+kalte] 

fipybirka fin [finpe+birka] 

fipyrebla tail fin [finpe+rebla] 

firgai mask [flira+gacri] 

firkre beard [flira+kerfa] 

firsku a look [facial expression] [flira+cusku] 

flacau lawless, not law-abiding [flalu+claxu] 

flalu [fla] 〈x1 is a law specifying x2 (state | event) for 

community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5〉 x1 

25

flani fu’o 

is a legality; x2 is legal | licit | legalized | a legality (= 

selfla for reordered places) 

flani 〈x1 is a flute | pipe | fife | recorder [flute-like | 

air-reed musical instrument]〉 

flecarvi pours [intense rain], emphasizing flowingness 

[flecu+carvi] 

flecu [fle] 〈x1 is a current | flow | river of | in x2 flowing 

in direction to | towards x3 from direction | source x4〉 

x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle 

for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= 

caifle, sukfle) 

fletisygau pours - fills receptacle with liquid 

[flecu+tisna+gasnu] 

fliba [fli] 〈x1 fails at doing x2 (state | event); x1 is a 

failure at its role in x2〉 baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, 

menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases | does not 

complete | fails to continue due to failure on the part of 

x1 

flira [fir] 〈x1 is a | the face [head | body-part] of x2; 

(adjective:) x1 is facial〉 

flobimvro front gate [foldi+bitmu+vorme] 

flulimna swim by floating [fulta+limna] 

fo [FA] 4th sumti place sumti place tag: tag 4th sumti 

place 

fo’a [KOhA4] [fo’a] it-6 pro-sumti: he | she | it | they #6 

(specified by goi) 

fo’e [KOhA4] [fo’e] it-7 pro-sumti: he | she | it | they #7 


fo’i [KOhA4] [fo’i] it-8 pro-sumti: he | she | it | they #8 


fo’o [KOhA4] it-9 pro-sumti: he | she | it | they #9 


fo’u [KOhA4] it-10 pro-sumti: he | she | it | they #10 


foi [FOI] end composite lerfu terminator: end 

composite lerfu; never elidable 

foldi [flo, foi] 〈x1 is a field [shape | form] of material x2; 

x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2〉 also woods (= 

ricfoi), lawn | meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, 

cicyspafoi) 

fomsle bubble [fonmo+selci] 

fonjudri phone number [fonxa+judri] 

fonmo [fo’o, fom] 〈x1 is a quantity of foam | froth | suds 

of material x2, with bubbles | vacuoles of material x3〉 

fonsnu phone conversation [fonxa+casnu] 

26 

fonxa [fon] 〈x1 is a telephone transceiver | modem 

attached to system | network x2〉 

fonynoi phone | telephone message [fonxa+notci] 

forca [fro] 〈x1 is a fork | fork-type tool | utensil for 

purpose x2 with tines | prongs x3 on base | support x4〉 

frasku to respond [frati+cusku] 

fraso [fas] 〈x1 reflects French | Gallic culture | 


frati [fra] 〈x1 reacts | responds | answers with action x2 

to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive〉 x3 

stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 

(= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod 

(= terfratoi, tunterfratoi) 

fraxu [fax] 〈x1 forgives x2 for event | state | activity x3〉 

fregau to make fertile, to fertilise [ferti+gasnu] 

frerai most fertile [ferti+traji] 

frica [fic] 〈x1 differs | is distinct from | contrasts with | is 

unlike x2 in property | dimension | quantity x3〉 also 

other-than (less common meaning) 

friko [fi’o] 〈x1 reflects African culture | nationality | 

geography in aspect x2〉 

frili [fil] 〈x1 (action) is easy | simple | facile for x2 

(agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely | easily〉 

frinu 〈x1 is a fraction, with numerator x2, denominator 

x3 (x2 | x3)〉 

friti [fit] 〈x1 offers | proffers x2 [offering] to x3 with 

conditions x4〉 (x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an 

unconditional offering has the ’condition’ of 

acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity 

(mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects | 

commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the 

object | commodity (= posfriti, posyselfriti for 

unambiguous semantics) 

frumu [fru] 〈x1 frowns | grimaces (facial expression)〉 

x1 frowns | grimaces at | in reaction to x2 (= frufra) 

fu [FA] 5th sumti place sumti place tag: tag 5th sumti 

place 

fu’a [FUhA] reverse Polish reverse Polish mathematical 

expression (mex) operator flag 

fu’e [FUhE] indicator scope begin indicator long scope 

fu’i [UI5] easy attitudinal modifier: easy - difficult frili 

fu’inai [UI5] difficult attitudinal modifier: easy - 

difficult 

fu’o [FUhO] end indicator scope end indicator long 

scope; terminates scope of all active indicators

fu’u ganse 

fu’u [VUhU0] unspecif operator n-ary mathematical 

operator: elliptical | unspecified mathematical expression 

(mex) operator 

fukpi [fu’i, fuk] 〈x1 is a copy | replica | duplicate | clone 

of x2 in form | medium x3 made by method x4 (event)〉 

fulta [flu, ful] 〈x1 (passive) floats on | in fluid (gas | 

liquid) x2; x1 is buoyant〉 

funca [fu’a, fun] 〈x1 (event | property) is determined by 

the luck | fortune of x2; (note mabla | zabna not 

implied)〉 

fusra [fur] 〈x1 rots | decays | ferments with decay | 

fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten | decayed | 

fermented〉 

fuzme [fu’e, fuz] 〈x1 is responsible | accountable for x2 

(action | resulting state) to judge | authority x3〉 

fy [BY2] f letteral for f 

ga [GA] fore or logical connective: forethought all but 

tanru-internal or (with gi) 

ga’a [BAI] to observer zgana modal, 1st place to 

observer ... ; witnessed by ... 

ga’e [BY1] upper-case shift upper-case letteral shift 

ga’i [UI5] hauteur attitudinal modifier | honorific: 

hauteur - equal rank - meekness; used with one of lower 

rank gapru, cnita 

ga’icu’i [UI5] equal rank attitudinal modifier | 

honorific: hauteur - equal rank - meekness; used with one 

of equal rank 

ga’inai [UI5] meekness attitudinal modifier | honorific: 

hauteur - equal rank - meekness; used with one of higher 

rank 

ga’o [GAhO] inclusive interval closed interval bracket 

marker; mod. intervals in non-logical connectives; 

include boundaries 

ga’u [FAhA2] above location tense relation | direction; 

upwards | up from ... 

gacri [gai] 〈x1 is a cover | [lid | top] for covering | 

concealing | sheltering x2〉 

gadri [gad] 〈x1 is an article | descriptor labelling 

description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4〉 

x2 is the noun phrase | sumti without the article | 

descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu’i); note: 

’determiner’ has become the accepted general linguistics 

term, displacing ’article’; however, ’determiner’ includes 

all words that can introduce a noun phrase | sumti, 

whether a description or not, such as pronoun 

possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in 

indefinites) like ci and su’o, and demonstratives like ti, 

ta, and tu; the term ’descriptor’ in Lojban, is limited to 

words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), 

such as those of selma’o LA and LE, their common 

compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu 

gafygau modifies (agentive) [galfi+gasnu] 

gai [PA2] hex digit C digit | number: hex digit C 

(decimal 12) [twelve] 

gairgau to cover [gacri+gasnu] 

gairkosta coat; overcoat [gacri+kosta] 

galbirka forearm [galtu+birka] 

galcla tall [galtu+clani] 

galfi [ga’i, gaf] 〈x1 (event) modifies | alters | changes | 

transforms | converts x2 into x3〉 agentive, resultative 

change 

galmau higher [galtu+zmadu] 

galpau the high part of something [galtu+pagbu] 

galrai highest [galtu+traji] 

galtu [ga’u, gal] 〈x1 is high | up | upward in frame of 

reference x2 as compared with baseline | standard height 

x3〉 also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance 

above a zero point | baseline, or is that baseline itself 

galxe 〈x1 is a | the throat | gullet [body-part] of x2; 

[metaphor: narrow(ing) opening of a deep hole]〉 

ganai [GA] fore only if logical connective: forethought 

all but tanru-internal conditional | only if (with gi) 

gancuktai ellipse [ganra+cukla+tarmi] 

gankurfa rectangle [ganra+kurfa] 

ganlo [ga’o] 〈x1 (portal | passage | entrance-way) is 

closed | shut | not open, preventing passage | access to x2 

by x3〉 as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable 

membrane 

ganra [gan] 〈x1 is broad | wide in dimension x2 [2nd 

most significant dimension] by standard x3〉 

ganse [ga’e, gas] 〈x1 [observer] senses | detects | notices 

stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions 

x4〉 x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, 

makes out, discerns | recognizes (but only implying 

reaction without necessarily any significant mental 

processing); note that the emphasis is on a property 

which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive 

about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as 

well as presuming some kind of discernment | 

recognition, while not being concerned with the means of 

detection); x3 sense | sensory channel 

27

ganti gidva 

ganti 〈x1 is a | the testes | ovary | testicle | scrotum | 

balls | gonad | stamen | pistil [body-part] of x2, gender 

x3〉 egg | sperm | pollen | gamete producing | bearing 

organ 

ganxo [gax] 〈x1 is a | the anus | anal orifice | asshole | 

arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit]〉 

also asshole | ass | arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal 

ganzu [gaz] 〈x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 

[ordered | organized result] by system | principle(s) x4〉 

x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which 

inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of 

x3 

gapci [gac] 〈x1 is gaseous | fumes | a gas | vapor of 

material | composition including x2, under conditions 

x3〉 x3 includes temperature and pressure 

gapcpare to climb up something [gapru+cpare] 

gapcta look up [gapru+catlu] 

gapkla to go up... [gapru+klama] 

gapru [gap] 〈x1 is directly | vertically above | 

upwards-from x2 in gravity | frame of reference x3〉 

gapydzu to walk up [gapru+cadzu] 

garna [gar] 〈x1 is a rail | railing | bar [tool] supporting | 

restraining x2, of material x3〉 

gasfri feel, sense [ganse+lifri] 

gasnu [gau] 〈x1 [person | agent] is an agentive cause of 

event x2; x1 does | brings about x2〉 

gasta [gat] 〈x1 is a quantity of | is made of | contains 

steel of composition including x2〉 

gau [BAI] with active agent gasnu modal, 1st place 

agent | actor case tag with active agent ... 

gaurkalsa act chaotically [gasnu+kalsa] 

gaxmolgle analingus [ganxo+moklu+gletu] 

gaxygle anal sex [ganxo+gletu] 

gaxykafke to fart [ganxo+kafke] 

ge [GA] fore and logical connective: forethought all but 

tanru-internal and (with gi) 

ge’a [VUhU0] null operator mathematical operator: null 

mathematical expression (mex) operator (used in ¿2-ary 

ops) 

ge’e [UI6] unspecif emotion attitudinal: elliptical | 

unspecified | non-specific emotion; no particular feeling 

ge’i [GA] fore conn ? logical connective: forethought 

all but tanru-internal connective question (with gi) 

ge’o [BY1] Greek shift shift letterals to Greek alphabet 

28 

ge’u [GEhU] end relative phrase elidable terminator: 

end relative | modal phrases; usually elidable in 

non-complex phrases 

gei [VUhU2] exponential notation trinary mathematical 

operator: order of magnitude | value | base; [b * (c to the 

a power)] 

geipre happy person [gleki+prenu] 

geirgau to cheer someone up [gleki+gasnu] 

geizma happier [gleki+zmadu] 

gekcisma smiles at [gleki+cisma] 

gekpanpi blissful [gleki+panpi] 

gekrai happiest [gleki+traji] 

gendra grammatically correct, grammatical 

[gerna+drani] 

genja [gej] 〈x1 is a root [body-part] of plant | species x2; 

[metaphor: immobile, supporting, nourishing]〉 

genlalske syntax [as discipline] [gerna+lanli+saske] 

gento [ge’o, get] 〈x1 reflects Argentinian culture | 


genxu [gex] 〈x1 is a hook | crook [shape | form] of 


gercmo bark [gerku+cmoni] 

gerku [ge’u, ger] 〈x1 is a dog | canine | [bitch] of species 

| breed x2〉 

gerna [ge’a, gen] 〈x1 is the grammar | rules | defining 

form of language x2 for structure | text x3〉 

gerpre cynic [literal] [gerku+prenu] 

gerzda kennel, doghouse [gerku+zdani] 

gi [GI] connective medial logical connective: all but 

tanru-internal forethought connective medial marker 

gi’a [GIhA] bridi or logical connective: bridi-tail 

afterthought or 

gi’e [GIhA] bridi and logical connective: bridi-tail 

afterthought and 

gi’enai [GIhA] bridi but not logical connective: 

bridi-tail afterthought x but not y 

gi’i [GIhA] bridi conn ? logical connective: bridi-tail 

afterthought conn question 

gi’o [GIhA] bridi iff logical connective: bridi-tail 

afterthought biconditional | iff | if-and-only-if 

gi’onai [GIhA] bridi xor logical connective: bridi-tail 

afterthought exclusive or; Latin ’aut’ 

gi’u [GIhA] bridi whether logical connective: bridi-tail 

afterthought whether-or-not 

gidva [gi’a, gid] 〈x1 (person | object | event) guides | 

conducts | pilots | leads x2 (active participants) in | at x3

gigdo grinunjvi 

(event)〉 a guiding person advises | suggests | sets an 

example to be followed, but does not necessarily control 

| direct | manage actual execution of an event; an event 

may serve as a guide by setting a pattern | example to be 

emulated 

gigdo [gi’o, gig] 〈x1 is a billion [British milliard] 

[1x10**9] of x2 in dimension | aspect x3 (default is 

units)〉 

gimlebvla le’avla with the morphology of gismu 

[gismu+lebna+valsi] 

gimste gismu list, [core] vocabulary [gismu+liste] 

gincilta chromosome [jgina+cilta] 

ginka [gik] 〈x1 is a camp | encampment | temporary 

residence of x2 at location x3〉 

ginpoi chromosome, genetic sequence [jgina+porsi] 

girzu [gir, gri] 〈x1 is group | cluster | team showing 

common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by 

relations x4〉 also collection, team, comprised of, 

comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete 

membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri) 

gismu [gi’u, gim] 〈x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing 

relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4〉 

gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gimste); referring to 

the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to 

the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste) 

gitsko string of stringed instrument [jgita+skori] 

glacai scalding [glare+carmi] 

glagau to heat [glare+gasnu] 

glare [gla] 〈x1 is hot | [warm] by standard x2〉 warm (= 

mligla), feverish (= bi’agla) 

glaxlafri to swelter [glare+xlali+lifri] 

gledji to want someone [sexually] [gletu+djica] 

gleki [gei, gek] 〈x1 is happy | gay | merry | glad | gleeful 

about x2 (event | state)〉 adversity (= kamnalgei) 

gletci sex toy [gletu+tutci] 

gletro to ”be on top”, to be the active partner sexually 

[gletu+jitro] 

gletu [gle, let] 〈x1 copulates | fucks | mates | has coitus | 

sexual intercourse with x2〉 x1 and x2 are symmetrical; 

mounts (= cpanygle) 

glibau English [language] [glico+bangu] 

glico [gic, gli] 〈x1 is English | pertains to 

English-speaking culture in aspect x2〉 generally assume 

broadest sense of ’English’; may refer to ’English’, 

pertaining to the country | people | culture of England 

(normally requiring constraint = gligu’e, or simply 

redundancy = gligli-); British English, the norm language 

of the UK (= gliglibau) 

glimerko Angloamerican [glico+merko] 

glinai the English nation [glico+natmi] 

glivla a word of English [glico+valsi] 

gluta [glu] 〈x1 is a mitten | glove [hand and lower arm 

garment] of material x2〉 mitten (= degycauglu) 

go [GA] fore iff logical connective: forethought all but 

tanru internal biconditional | iff | if-and-only-if(with gi) 

go’a [GOhA] recent bridi pro-bridi: repeats a recent 

bridi (usually not the last 2) 

go’e [GOhA] penultimate bridi pro-bridi: repeats the 

next to last bridi 

go’i [GOhA] last bridi pro-bridi: preceding bridi; in 

answer to a yes | no question, repeats the claim, meaning 

yes 

go’ira’o [GOhA] true for me too pro-bridi: preceding 

bridi; repeats claim as true, updating for speaker | 

listener change 

go’o [GOhA] future bridi pro-bridi: repeats a future 

bridi, normally the next one 

go’u [GOhA] earlier bridi pro-bridi: repeats a remote 

past bridi 

gocti [goc] 〈x1 is 1x10**-24 of x2 in dimension | aspect 


goi [GOI] pro-sumti assign sumti assignment; used to 

define | assign ko’a | fo’a series pro-sumti; Latin ’sive’ 

gonai [GA] fore xor logical connective: forethought all 

but tanru-internal exclusive or (with gi); Latin ’aut’ 

gotro [got] 〈x1 is 1x10**24 of x2 in dimension | aspect 


gradu [rau] 〈x1 [magnitude] is a unit | degree of | on 

scale | reference standard x2 (si’o) measuring property 

x3〉 also grade, level, point; x3 dimension 

grake [gra] 〈x1 is x2 gram(s) [metric unit] in mass 

(default is 1) by standard x3〉 

grana [ga’a] 〈x1 is a rod | pole | staff | stick | cane 

[shape | form] of material x2〉 

grasu [ras] 〈x1 is a quantity of | is made of | contains 

grease | fat | oil from source x2〉 

greblo ferryboat [pagre+bloti] 

greblopre ferryman [pagre+bloti+prenu] 

gregau to make something pass through [pagre+gasnu] 

greku [rek] 〈x1 is a frame | structure | skeleton | outline 

supporting | load-bearing | determining the form of x2〉 

grinunjvi tournament [girzu+nu+jivna] 

29

grinunpei .i’anai 

grinunpei seminar considering some subject 

[girzu+nu+pensi] 

gripau subset [girzu+pagbu] 

griselpei ideology [girzu+se+pensi] 

gructi grain-eating [gurni+citka] 

grusi [rus] 〈x1 is gray [color adjective]〉 

grusko noodle, spaghetti [gurni+skori] 

grute [rut] 〈x1 is a fruit [body-part] of species x2〉 

gu [GA] fore whether logical connective: forethought 

all but tanru-internal whether-or-not (with gi) 

gu’a [GUhA] fore tanru or logical connective: 

tanru-internal forethought or (with gi) 

gu’anai [GUhA] fore tanru only if logical connective: 

tanru-internal forethought conditional | only if (with gi) 

gu’e [GUhA] fore tanru and logical connective: 

tanru-internal forethought and (with gi) 

gu’i [GUhA] fore tanru conn ? logical connective: 

tanru-internal forethought question (with gi) 

gu’o [GUhA] fore tanru iff logical connective: 

tanru-internal forethought biconditional | iff | 

if-and-only-if (with gi) 

gu’onai [GUhA] fore tanru xor logical connective: 

tanru-internal forethought exclusive or (with gi); Latin 

’aut’ 

gu’u [GUhA] fore tanru whether logical connective: 

tanru-internal forethought whether-or-not (with gi) 

gubgau to make public [gubni+gasnu] 

gubni [gub] 〈x1 is public | un-hidden | open | jointly 

available to | owned by all among community x2 (mass)〉 

gubnoi advertisement, public notice [gubni+notci] 

gubnunsnu panel, forum [gubni+nu+casnu] 

gubyternoi publish, make public [gubni+te+notci] 

gugbandu defending a country [gugde+bandu] 

gugde [gu’e, gug] 〈x1 is the country of peoples x2 with 

land | territory x3; (people | territory relationship)〉 also 

sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation 

(when not referring to ethos) 

gukcanre abrasive [guska+canre] 

gundi [gud] 〈x1 is industry | industrial | systematic 

manufacturing activity producing x2 by process | means 

x3〉 

gungri work-group [gunka+girzu] 

gunka [gu’a, gun] 〈x1 [person] labors | works on | at x2 

[activity] with goal | objective x3〉 also: x1 is a worker | 

laborer 

30 

gunma [gum] 〈x1 is a mass | team | aggregate | whole, 

together composed of components x2, considered 

jointly〉 A description in x1 indicates of mass 

property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal 

properties not found in the individual set members that 

are massified, which themselves are not necessarily 

relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi 

gunro [gu’o, gur] 〈x1 rolls | trundles on | against surface 

x2 rotating on axis | axle x3; x1 is a roller〉 

gunse 〈x1 is a goose | [gander] of species | breed x2〉 

gunstu workplace [gunka+stuzi] 

gunta [gut] 〈x1 (person | mass) attacks | invades | 

commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal | objective 

x3〉 

gurcutci rollerskating shoe [gunro+cutci] 

gurgau to roll something [gunro+gasnu] 

gurni [gru] 〈x1 is grain | [British: corn] | cereal from 

plant | species x2〉 

guska [guk] 〈x1 blade | scraper | erosive scrapes | erodes 

| abrades x2 from x3〉 abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska) 

gusminra shiny [gusni+minra] 

gusni [gu’i, gus] 〈x1 [energy] is light | illumination 

illuminating x2 from light source x3〉 

gusta 〈x1 is a restaurant | cafe | diner serving 

type-of-food x2 to audience x3〉 

gustci lamp, light [gusni+tutci] 

gustytigni floorshow [gusta+tigni] 

gusycai lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining 

[gusni+carmi] 

gusyvelvei optical storage [includes CD] 

[gusni+ve+vreji] 

gutci [guc] 〈x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance 

unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits〉 foot (= 

jmagutci); yard (= cibjmagutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch 

(= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci) 

gutra 〈x1 is a | the womb | uterus [body-part] of x2; 

[metaphor: nourishing, protective, giving birth]〉 

guzme [guz, zme] 〈x1 is a melon | squash [fruit | plant] 

of species | strain x2〉 

gy [BY2] g letteral for g 

.i [I] sentence link sentence link | continuation; 

continuing sentences on same topic; normally elided for 

new speakers 

.i’a [UI1] acceptance attitudinal: acceptance - blame 

nalna’e, nalpro, no’epro, nalzugjdi 

.i’anai [UI1] blame attitudinal: acceptance - blame

.i’e jakne 

.i’e [UI1] approval attitudinal: approval - non-approval - 

disapproval zanru 

.i’ecu’i [UI1] non-approval attitudinal: approval - 

non-approval - disapproval 

.i’enai [UI1] disapproval attitudinal: approval - 

non-approval - disapproval 

.i’i [UI1] togetherness attitudinal: togetherness - privacy 

kansa, gumna, sivni, sepli 

.i’inai [UI1] privacy attitudinal: togetherness - privacy 

.i’o [UI1] appreciation attitudinal: appreciation - envy 

ckire, jilra 

.i’onai [UI1] envy attitudinal: appreciation - envy 

.i’u [UI1] familiarity attitudinal: familiarity - mystery 

slabu, nalni’o, kufra 

.i’unai [UI1] mystery attitudinal: familiarity - mystery 

.ia [UI1] belief attitudinal: belief - skepticism - disbelief 

krici, jinvi 

.iacu’i [UI1] skepticism attitudinal: belief - skepticism - 

disbelief 

.ianai [UI1] disbelief attitudinal: belief - skepticism - 

disbelief 

.ibu [BY] i letteral for i 

.ie [UI1] agreement attitudinal: agreement - 

disagreement tugni 

.ienai [UI1] disagreement attitudinal: agreement - 

disagreement 

.ii [UI1] fear attitudinal: fear - security terpa, snura 

.iinai [UI1] security attitudinal: fear - security 

.ija [JA] sentence or logical connective: sentence 


.ijanai [JA] sentence if logical connective: sentence 

afterthought: (preceding sentence) if this sentence 

.ije [JA] sentence and logical connective: sentence 

afterthought and 

.ije’i [JA] sentence conn ? logical connective: sentence 


.ijenai [JA] sentence but not logical connective: 

sentence afterthought x but not y 

.ijo [JA] sentence iff logical connective: sentence 


.ijonai [JA] sentence xor logical connective: sentence 


.iju [JA] sentence whether logical connective: sentence 


.inaja [JA] sentence only if logical connective: sentence 

afterthought conditional | only if 

.io [UI1] respect attitudinal: respect - disrespect sinma 

.ionai [UI1] disrespect attitudinal: respect - disrespect 

.iu [UI1] love attitudinal: love - no love lost - hatred 

prami 

.iucu’i [UI1] no love lost attitudinal: love - no love lost - 

hatred 

.iunai [UI1] hatred attitudinal: love - no love lost - 

hatred 

ja [JA] [jav] tanru or logical connective: tanru-internal 


ja’a [NA] bridi affirmer bridi logical affirmer; scope is 

an entire bridi 

ja’e [BAI] therefore result jalge modal, 1st place 

resultingly; therefore result ... 

ja’enai [BAI] nevertheless result jalge modal, 1st place 

(event causal) nevertheless result ... 

ja’i [BAI] by rule javni modal, 1st place (by standard 1) 

orderly; by rule ... 

ja’o [UI2] I conclude evidential: I conclude selni’i, 

ni’ikri 

jabre 〈x1 brakes | causes to slow motion | activity x2 

with device | mechanism | principle x3〉 

jadni [ja’i, jad] 〈x1 (object) adorns | decorates x2; x1 is 

an adornment | decoration of x2; x2 is fancy | decorated〉 

fancy | decorated (= selja’i) 

jadnoi message button [badge], ornamental inscription 

[jadni+notci] 

jadycau plain, unadorned [jadni+claxu] 

jadypijne brooch [jadni+pijne] 

jagdimna consequence [jalge+dimna] 

jai [JAI] modal conversion convert tense | modal 

(tagged) place to 1st place; 1st place moves to extra FA 

place (fai) 

jaica [SE] time conversion convert time tense (tagged) 

place to 1st place; 1st place moves to extra place (fai) 

jaigau [SE] agent conversion makes x1 the agent of a 

bridi; old 1st place moves to extra place (fai) 

jairtai xance jgari+tarmi denmi xance [denmi] 

jaivi [SE] location conversion convert location tense 

(tagged) place to 1st place; 1st place moves to extra place 

(fai) 

jajgau to gather (tr.) [jmaji+gasnu] 

jakcai very narrow [jarki+carmi] 

jakne 〈x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling 

x2 carrying payload x3〉 

31

jalge jbobau 

jalge [ja’e, jag] 〈x1 (action | event | state) is a result | 

outcome | conclusion of antecedent x2 (event | state | 

process)〉 also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja’e for reordered 

places); total (general meaning, but also = mekyja’e, 

pi’irja’e, sujyja’e) 

jalna 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of starch 

from source x2 of composition including x3〉 

jalra 〈x1 is a cockroach | [orthopteran | termite] of order 

| species | breed x2〉 also grasshopper (= pipyjalra); 

cricket (= sanjalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or 

mudyctijalra) 

jamfu [jaf, jma] 〈x1 is a | the foot [body-part] of x2; 

[metaphor: lowest portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal〉 

jamkansa ally [jamna+kansa] 

jamna [jam] 〈x1 (person | mass) wars against x2 over 

territory | matter x3; x1 is at war with x2〉 

janbe [jab] 〈x1 is a bell | chime | [tuning fork] [tuned 

percussion instrument] producing sound | note x2〉 also: 

x1 rings | tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates 

(one sense, = jabdesku) 

janco [jan] 〈x1 is a | the shoulder | hip | joint [body-part] 

attaching limb | extremity x2 to body x3〉 

janli [jal] 〈x1 collides with | crashes | bumps | runs into 

x2〉 

jansu [jas] 〈x1 is a diplomat | consul representing polity 

x2 in | at negotiation x3 for function | purpose x4〉 (for) 

x3 polity, (use tu’a); also ambassador (= raljansu, 

trujansu) 

janta [jat] 〈x1 is an account | bill | invoice for goods | 

services x2, billed to x3 by x4〉 

jarbu 〈x1 is a suburban area of city | metropolis x2〉 

jarcinki beetle [jdari+cinki] 

jarco [ja’o] 〈x1 (agent) shows | exhibits | displays | 

[reveals] | demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3〉 

reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja’o, sivja’o); also: x1 shows 

that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally 

expressed with a tu’a x2, since the properties of the 

shown object (other than its presence) intended for 

observation are seldom specified (simple presence could 

be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati) 

jarki [jak] 〈x1 is narrow in dimension x2 [2nd most 

significant dimension] by standard x3〉 

jarkitybli brick [jdari+kliti+bliku] 

jarple cardboard [jdari+pelji] 

jaspu [jap] 〈x1 is a passport issued to x2 (person) by 

authority x3 allowing x4 (activity)〉 

32 

jasysnu negotiate [jansu+casnu] 

jatna [ja’a] 〈x1 is captain | commander | leader | 

in-charge | boss of vehicle | domain x2〉 

jau [PA2] hex digit D digit | number: hex digit D 

(decimal 13) [thirteen] 

jaurbumru mist [djacu+bumru] 

jaurcarna whirlpool [djacu+carna] 

jaurdirgo waterdrop [djacu+dirgo] 

jaurgapci steam [djacu+gapci] 

jaurmabru water mammal [dolphin, whale] 

[djacu+mabru] 

jaurvacri humid air [djacu+vacri] 

jausna water sound, splashing [djacu+sance] 

javni [jva] 〈x1 is a rule prescribing | mandating | 

requiring x2 (event | state) within system | community 

x3〉 regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, 

requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are 

usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are 

regulated 

jbama [bam] 〈x1 is a bomb | explosive device with 

explosive material | principle x2〉 

jbari [jba] 〈x1 is a berry (fruit | plant) of plant | species 

x2〉 

jbedei birthday [jbena+djedi] 

jbedetnunsla birthday [jbena+detri+nu+salci] 

jbedetsla birthday celebrator [jbena+detri+salci] 

jbena [jbe] 〈x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and 

place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4〉 x2 bears | 

gives birth to x1; also x3: natal day 

jbera [jer] 〈x1 (agent) borrows | temporarily takes | 

assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4〉 

credit (= jernu’e); borrow | assume a property or quality 

as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai) 

jbesla birthday [jbena+salci] 

jbetutra motherland, place of birth [jbena+tutra] 

jbidra nearly correct [jibni+drani] 

jbigendra nearly grammatical [jibni+gerna+drani] 

jbikla to approach [go to that which is near ...] 

[jibni+klama] 

jbimau closer [jibni+zmadu] 

jbini [bi’i, bin] 〈x1 is between | among set of points | 

bounds | limits x2 (set) | amidst mass x2 in property x3 

(ka)〉 x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the 

bounds | limits | range for x1 

jbirai nearest [jibni+traji] 

jbobau Lojban [lojbo+bangu]

jbofinpla jeftu 

jbofinpla plan for lojban writing [lojbo+finti+platu] 

jbogri Lojban group [LLG, any lojban grouping] 

[lojbo+girzu] 

jbojikca Lojban socialising [lojbo+jikca] 

jbomidju ”Lojban Central” [lojbo+midju] 

jbonunsku Lojban expression [lojbo+nu+cusku] 

jbopli lojbanist [lojbo+pilno] 

jbopre Lojbanist [lojbo+prenu] 

jboselsku Lojban expression [lojbo+se+cusku] 

jbosla Logfester [lojbo+salci] 

jbosni Lojban sign [lojbo+sinxa] 

jboste ”Lojban list” (very loose compound) 

[lojbo+liste] 

jbotadni Lojban student [lojbo+tadni] 

jbotcidu Lojban reader [lojbo+tcidu] 

jbotermri subscriber to a Lojban mailing list, recipient 

of Lojban mail [lojbo+te+mrilu] 

jbovla Lojban word [lojbo+valsi] 

jboxelmri Lojban mailing list [lojbo+xe+mrilu] 

jbuboikei billiards [jubme+bolci+kelci] 

jbusfe table top, table surface [jubme+sefta] 

jbustu place where a table is [jubme+stuzi] 

jdacuvgau to ritually ”purify” [lijda+curve+gasnu] 

jdadapma to be damned [lijda+dapma] 

jdajinru to be baptised [lijda+jinru] 

jdapli to use something for religious purposes 

[lijda+pilno] 

jdaralju high priest [lijda+ralju] 

jdari [jar] 〈x1 is firm | hard | resistant | unyielding to 

force x2 under conditions x3〉 

jdaselsku prayer [lijda+se+cusku] 

jdasku to pray [lijda+cusku] 

jdaskuzei blasphemy [lijda+cusku+zekri] 

jdasoi paladin, holy warrior [lijda+sonci] 

jdaxanmuvgau to move the hand in prayer [e.g. 

crossing oneself] [lijda+xance+muvdu+gasnu] 

jdazei sin, blasphemy [lijda+zekri] 

jdecisma sneer, grimace [kajde+cisma] 

jdeselsku word of warning, warning [kajde+se+cusku] 

jdice [jdi] 〈x1 (person) decides | makes decision x2 

(du’u) about matter x3 (event | state)〉 

jdika 〈x1 (experiencer) decreases | contracts | is reduced 

| diminished in property | quantity x2 by amount x3〉 

jdima [di’a] 〈x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser 

| consumer x3 set by vendor x4〉 x2 may be a specific 

object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; 

pedantically, for objects | commodities, this is 


(= posydi’a, posyseldi’a for unambiguous semantics); 

price is something decided | set by the seller, and is 

closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may 

decide; (note that price is not he same as cost | expense, 

which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; 

the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as ”value” 

or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes 

interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of 

barter and bargaining in the marketplace) 

jdini [di’i, din] 〈x1 is money | currency issued by x2; 

(adjective:) x1 is financial | monetary | pecuniary | fiscal〉 

’currency’ sometimes is restricted to paper money (= 

pledi’i) 

jditadji policy [jdice+tadji] 

jduli [dul, jdu] 〈x1 is a quantity of jelly | semisolid 

[texture] of material | composition including x2〉 

(adjective:) x1 is gelatinous 

je [JA] [jev, jve] tanru and logical connective: 

tanru-internal afterthought and 

je’a [NAhE] scalar affirmer scalar affirmer; denies 

scalar negation: Indeed! 

je’e [COI] roger vocative: roger (ack) - negative 

acknowledge; used to acknowledge offers and thanks 

je’enai [COI] negative acknowledge vocative: roger 

(ack) - negative acknowledge; I didn’t hear you 

je’i [JA] tanru conn ? logical connective: tanru-internal 


je’o [BY1] Hebrew shift shift letterals to Hebrew 

alphabet 

je’u [UI3] truth discursive: truth - falsity jetnu 

je’unai [UI3] falsity discursive: truth - falsity 

jecpau state, province, administrative subdivision of a 

state [jecta+pagbu] 

jecta [je’a, jec] 〈x1 is a polity | state governing territory | 

domain x2; [government | territory relationship]〉 

(adjective:) x1 is civil | political 

jectrukamni governing committee, cabinet 

[jecta+turni+kamni] 

jecydinsro treasury [jecta+jdini+sorcu] 

jecyselxaizei sabotage, crime against the state 

[jecta+se+xrani+zekri] 

jeftu [jef] 〈x1 is x2 weeks in duration (default is 1 week) 

by standard x3〉 re. x3, a week may be more or less than 

seven days, classically being tied to the time between 

33

jegvo ji’e 

trips to the marketplace; this week (= cabjeftu); next 

week (= bavlamjeftu); last week (= prulamjeftu) 

jegvo [je’o, jeg] 〈x1 pertains to the common 

Judeo-Christian-Moslem culture | religion | nationality in 

aspect x2〉 also Muslim 

jei [NU] [jez] truth abstract abstractor: truth-value 

abstractor; x1 is truth value of [bridi] under epistemology 

x2 

jelca [jel] 〈x1 burns | [ignites | is flammable | 

inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3〉 

default x2 | x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= 

jelcfa), flammable | inflammable (usually = jelka’e or 

jelfrili) 

jelgau to burn (tr.) [jelca+gasnu] 

jelspo to burn down, to destroy by fire [jelca+daspo] 

jemna [jme] 〈x1 is a gem | polished stone | pearl of type 

x2 from gemstone | material | source x3〉 also jewel (= 

jmeja’i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero’i, jmekunra); 

pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, 

tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any 

ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme) 

jempau army unit [jenmi+pagbu] 

jenai [JA] tanru but not logical connective: 

tanru-internal afterthought x but not y 

jenca [jen] 〈x1 (event) shocks | stuns x2〉 

jendu [jed] 〈x1 is an axle | spindle [tool] on which x2 

rotates, of material | properties x3〉 

jenmi [jei, jem] 〈x1 (mass) is an army serving group | 

community x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity)〉 

jercru credit [jbera+curmi] 

jerna 〈x1 (agent | person) earns | [deserves | merits] 

wages | salary | pay x2 for work | service x3 (activity)〉 

also x2 earnings, reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), 

punishment | comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); 

x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, 

a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; 



(= posyjerna, posyseljerna for unambiguous semantics) 

jersi [je’i] 〈x1 chases | pursues | (physically) follows 

after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2〉 x1 follows 

after x2 

jerxo [jex] 〈x1 reflects Algerian culture | nationality in 

aspect x2〉 

jesni [jes] 〈x1 is a needle [pointed shape | form, not tool] 

of material x2〉 

34 

jesycro needle pain, feeling pins and needles 

[jesni+cortu] 

jesyspa cactus [jesni+spati] 

jetce [je’e] 〈x1 is a jet [expelled stream] of material x2 

expelled from x3〉 

jetnu [je’u, jet] 〈x1 (du’u) is true | truth by standard | 

epistemology | metaphysics x2〉 words usable for 

epistemology typically have a du’u place 

jetpai to judge that something is true, to judge according 

to a rule [jetnu+pajni] 

jetycipra to test something as being true or false 

[jetnu+cipra] 

jgalu [ja’u] 〈x1 is a | the claw | nail | talon [body-part] of 

x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon]〉 

jganu [jga] 〈x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape | form] 

from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3〉 also 

(adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be 

defined by interval) 

jgarau degree | radian (ambiguous) [jganu+gradu] 

jgari [jai] 〈x1 grasps | holds | clutches | seizes | grips | 

[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2)〉 

hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= 

xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci) 

jgena [jge] 〈x1 is a knot | tangle in | between x2 (object | 

jo’u-objects)〉 knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu’e, jgeri’a, 

jgela’a), knot: fastening between two or more cords (= 

jgeterjo’e) 

jgina [gin] 〈x1 is a gene of creature [or locus on 

creature] x2 determining trait | process x3〉 also 

chromosome = (gincilta, ginpoi) 

jgira [jgi] 〈x1 (person) feels | has pride in | about x2 

(abstraction)〉 an emotional combination of satisfaction 

and respect | esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of 

person | entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride 

(= se’ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu’a for pride in non-specific 

actions | properties of someone 

jgiski to boast [jgira+skicu] 

jgisku to boast [jgira+cusku] 

jgita [git] 〈x1 is guitar | violin | fiddle | harp [stringed 

musical instrument] with actuator | plectrum | bow x2〉 

also lute, viola, cello 

ji [A] sumti conn ? logical connective: sumti 

afterthought connective question 

ji’a [UI3b] in addition discursive: additionally jmina 

ji’e [BAI] up to limit jimte modal, 1st place limitedly; 

up to limit ...

ji’i jipci 

ji’i [PA4] approximately digit | number: approximately 

(default the typical value in this context) (number) 

ji’ima’u [PA] rounded up rounded up (appended after 

string of digits indicating a rounded value) 

ji’ini’u [PA] rounded down rounded down (appended 

after string of digits indicating a rounded value) 

ji’o [BAI] under direction of jitro modal, 1st place 

(control) controlledly; under direction of ... 

ji’u [BAI] based on jicmu modal, 1st place 

(assumptions); given that ...; based on ... 

jibni [jbi] 〈x1 is near | close to | approximates x2 in 

property | quantity x3 (ka | ni)〉 

jibri [jib] 〈x1 is a job | occupation | employment | 

vocation (a type of work regularly done for pay) of 

person x2〉 working for another (= selplijibri) 

jibypli employ someone [jibri+pilno] 

jibysti to retire, to be laid off [jibri+sisti] 

jibystigau to lay off, to fire [jibri+sisti+gasnu] 

jicla 〈x1 (object, or event: force) stirs | mixes | [roils | 

agitates] fluid (gas | liquid) x2〉 convection (= 

nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu’e) 

jicmu [cmu] 〈x1 is a basis | foundation | underlying or 

fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2〉 x2 

is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); 

(adjective:) x1 is basic | basal | fundamental); (generally 

events and properties will be bases for events and states, 

while objects may be bases | bottoms for objects) 

jifselkri delusion, false belief [jitfa+se+krici] 

jifsku to tell an untruth [either lie, or honest mistake] 

[jitfa+cusku] 

jiglanxe to draw with an opponent [jinga+lanxe] 

jijnu [jij] 〈x1 (person) intuits x2 (du’u) about subject x3; 

[epistemology]〉 words usable for epistemology typically 

have a du’u place 

jikca [jik] 〈x1 interacts | behaves socially with x2; x1 

socializes with | is sociable towards x2〉 

jikfanza rude, disrespectful [event] [jikca+fanza] 

jikfazgau rude, disrespectful [person] 

[jikca+fanza+gasnu] 

jiknei to like socialising with [jikca+nelci] 

jikru 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity of liquor | 

spirits distilled from x2〉 

jiksre faux-pas [jikca+srera] 

jiktamne brothers (fig.), socially [jikca+tamne] 

jikybebna geek, dork [jikca+bebna] 

jikykamxaujdi tact [jikca+ka+xamgu+jdice] 

jikyzeitra roguish, malicious [jikca+zekri+tarti] 

jilka [jil] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of 

alkali | base of composition including x2〉 (adjective:) x1 

is alkaline 

jilra 〈x1 (person) is jealous of | envies x2 (person) about 

| for x3 (property - ka)〉 

jimca [jic] 〈x1 is a branch | bough | limb of x2; x2 forks 

into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka]〉 

also appendage 

jimcai gleaming [of metal] [jinme+carmi] 

jimdaxsna zing, clang [jinme+darxi+sance] 

jimpe [jmi] 〈x1 understands | comprehends fact | truth 

x2 (du’u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3〉 

jimte [jit] 〈x1 is a limit | extreme | bound | border | 

[confinement] of x2 in property | domain x3〉 restrain | 

constrain within limits (= jitri’u, jitygau, jityzu’e) 

jincarna revolve [djine+carna] 

jinci 〈x1 is a pair of shears | scissors for cutting x2〉 

jincla ellipse, ellipsoid, oval [djine+clani] 

jinga [ji’a, jig] 〈x1 (person | team) wins | gains prize x2 

from | over x3 [competitors | losers] in competition x4〉 

also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are 

opponents and in many situations, defeated | losers, vs. 

the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a 

specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a 



(= posyji’a, posyselji’a for unambiguous semantics) 

jinku 〈x1 is a vaccine | immune-system stimulant 

protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method 

x4〉 

jinme [jim] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of 

made of metal of composition including x2〉 (adjective:) 

x1 is metallic 

jinru [jir] 〈x1 (object | person) is immersed | submerged 

| bathes in liquid x2〉 take a bath | bathe (= jirsezlu’i) 

jinsa [jis] 〈x1 (object) is clean | pure of material | 

contaminant | dirt x2 by standard x3〉 

jintitnanba donut [djine+titla+nanba] 

jinto 〈x1 is a well | spring of fluid x2 at location x3〉 

jinvi [ji’i, jiv] 〈x1 thinks | opines x2 [opinion] (du’u) is 

true about subject | issue x3 on grounds x4〉 

jinzi [jiz] 〈x1 (property - ka) is an innate | inherent | 

intrinsic | natural property | quality | aspect of x2〉 

jipci 〈x1 is a chicken | [hen | cock | rooster] | small fowl 

[a type of bird] of species | breed x2〉 

35

jipmokca ju’ocu’i 

jipmokca vertex [jipno+mokca] 

jipno [ji’o, jip] 〈x1 is a tip | point | vertex | extremity | 

end [0-dimension shape | form] on object x2 at locus x3〉 

jirgau to immerse (tr.) [jinru+gasnu] 

jirna 〈x1 is a | the horn [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: 

pointed extremity]〉 

jisra 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity of juice | 

nectar from-source | of-type x2〉 

jisygau to clean (tr.) [jinsa+gasnu] 

jitfa [jif] 〈x1 (du’u) is false | is an untruth by standard | 

epistemology | metaphysics x2〉 words usable for 


jitro [tro] 〈x1 has control over | harnesses | manages | 

directs | conducts x2 in x3 (activity | event | 

performance)〉 x2 are aspects | individuals controlled 

within activity | event x3; manage (= selzuktro, 

selzukfu’e, gu’etro, gunfu’e, xaktro, xakfu’e) (as distinct 

from manager | boss = gunterbe’e, gunja’a, gunmi’e, 

gunca’i) 

jivbu 〈x1 weaves x2 from material | [yarn] x3〉 

jivna [jvi] 〈x1 competes | vies with opponent x2 in 

contest | competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2〉 

also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 

competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain 

may be internal or external) 

jivrei ask about | for people’s opinions [jinvi+preti] 

jizvanbi habitat [jinzi+vanbi] 

jmadegji toe [jamfu+degji] 

jmadegycalku toenail [jamfu+degji+calku] 

jmaji [jaj] 〈x1 (mass | jo’u) gathers | collects at location 

x2 from locations x3 (mass | jo’u)〉 also focus (= 

seljmaji) 

jmatajycalku big toe nail [jamfu+tamji+calku] 

jmatamji big toe [jamfu+tamji] 

jmavra pedal [jamfu+vraga] 

jmekunra gemstone [jemna+kunra] 

jmifa 〈x1 is a shoal [shallow hazard] | reef of material 

x2 in body of water x3〉 rapids (= ri’erjmifa, ri’ercaxno) 

jmigau leading | helping to understanding 

[jimpe+gasnu] 

jmimau gaining knowledge, having a better 

understanding [jimpe+zmadu] 

jmina [min] 〈x1 adds | combines x2 to | with x3, with 

result x4; x1 augments x2 by amount x3〉 

36 

jmive [ji’e, miv] 〈x1 lives | is alive by standard x2; x1 is 

an organism | living thing〉 (adjective:) x1 is vital, 

organic 

jo [JA] [jov] tanru iff logical connective: tanru-internal 


jo’a [UI3a] metalinguistic yes discursive: metalinguistic 

affirmer drani 

jo’e [JOI] [jom] union non-logical connective: union of 

sets 

jo’i [JOhI] array join mathematical expression (mex) 

operands into an array 

jo’o [BY1] Arabic shift shift letterals to Arabic alphabet 

jo’u [JOI] [jo’u] in common with non-logical 

connective: in common with; along with (unmixed) 

joi [JOI] [joi, jol] in a mass with non-logical connective: 

mixed conjunction; ”and” meaning ”mixed together”, 

forming a mass 

joibu [BY] & letteral: ampersand character; especially 

used in standing for a mixed connective 

jonai [JA] tanru xor logical connective: tanru-internal 


jonjmina append [jorne+jmina] 

jordo [jo’o, jor] 〈x1 reflects Jordanian culture | 


jorne [jo’e, jon] 〈x1 is joined to | connects to | is united 

with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union〉 also 

joined | fastened | attached by joint x3 | by means of x3 | 

with fastener x3; fastener (= jo’etci, jonvelyla’a); train, 

sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo’e for a single 

object joined into a sequence) 

ju [JA] [juv] tanru whether logical connective: 

tanru-internal afterthought whether-or-not 

ju’a [UI2] I state evidential: I state - (default) elliptical | 

non-specific basis xusra 

ju’i [COI] attention vocative: attention - at ease - ignore 

me 

ju’icu’i [COI] at ease vocative: attention - at ease - 

ignore me 

ju’inai [COI] ignore me vocative: attention - at ease - 

ignore me 

ju’o [UI5] certainty attitudinal modifier: certainty - 

uncertainty - impossibility birti, cumki 

ju’ocai [UI5] quite certain attitudinal modifier: intense 

certainty 

ju’ocu’i [UI5] uncertainty attitudinal modifier: certainty 

- uncertainty - impossibility

ju’onai kafybarja 

ju’onai [UI5] impossibility attitudinal modifier: 

certainty - uncertainty - impossibility 

ju’opei [UI6] how certain? attitudinal: certainty 

question 

ju’u [VUhU2] number base binary mathematical 

operator: number base; [a interpreted in the base b] 

jubme [jbu, jub] 〈x1 is a table | flat solid upper surface 

of material x2, supported by legs | base | pedestal x3〉 

judri 〈x1 is an address of | are coordinates of x2 in 

system x3〉 

judzga actively observes | notices [jundi+zgana] 

jufra [ju’a, juf] 〈x1 (text) is a sentence | statement about 

x2 [topic | subject | predicate | focus] in language x3〉 

phrase (= jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla, gensle) 

jugyklu Chinese culture [jungo+kulnu] 

jukni [juk] 〈x1 is a spider | arachnid | [crustacean | crab | 

lobster | non-insect arthropod] of species | breed x2〉 

jukpa [jup] 〈x1 cooks | prepares food-for-eating x2 by 

recipe | method x3 (process)〉 cook with heat (= glajukpa, 

glaterjukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa) 

julne [ju’e] 〈x1 is a net | filter allowing passage of x2, 

prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4〉 also 

sieve 

jundi [ju’i, jud] 〈x1 is attentive towards | attends | tends | 

pays attention to object | affair x2〉 

jungau inform [djuno+gasnu] 

jungo [jug] 〈x1 reflects Chinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, 

Wu, etc.] culture | nationality | language in aspect x2〉 

junla [jul] 〈x1 is clock | watch | timer measuring time 

units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism | method 

x4〉 also timepiece 

junri [jur] 〈x1 (person) is serious | earnest | has gravity 

about x2 (event | state | activity)〉 also solemn (= drijunri, 

ri’irjunri, tcejunri) 

junta 〈x1 is the weight of object x2 in [gravitational or 

other force] field x3〉 

juntytri gravitationally attract [junta+trina] 

jupyzba to cook [jukpa+zbasu] 

jurdri solemn, gloomy [junri+badri] 

jurme [jum] 〈x1 is a bacteria | germ | microbe | 

protozoan | amoeba [1-celled life] of species | defining 

property x2〉 

jursa [jus] 〈x1 (event | action | state) is severe | harsh to 

x2 [victim | experiencer]〉 

jutsi [jut] 〈x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; 

[open-ended tree-structure categorization]〉 also 

subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to 

specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a ”lower” 

or ”bushier” part of the tree than x2, x2 is ”lower” than 

x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or 

more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between 

the two); not limited to Linnean animal | plant taxonomy 

juxre [jux] 〈x1 (action) is clumsy | awkward by standard 

x2〉 

jvajvo lujvo following a rule, dikyjvo [javni+lujvo] 

jvinu [ji’u, vin] 〈x1 is the view | scene | panorama | sight 

| prospect of x2 (object | location) from point-of-view 

x3〉 also x1 is on display to x2 | x3 

jvipai referee [jivna+pajni] 

jvoste lujvo list [lujvo+liste] 

jvozba to make lujvo [lujvo+zbasu] 

jy [BY2] j letteral for j 

ka [NU] [kam] property abstract abstractor: property | 

quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality | property 

exhibited by [bridi] 

ka’a [BAI] gone to by klama modal, 1st place gone to 

by ... 

ka’e [CAhA] innately capable of modal aspect: innate 

capability; possibly unrealized 

ka’i [BAI] represented by krati modal, 1st place 

represented by ... 

ka’o [PA5] imaginary i digit | number: imaginary i; 

square root of -1 

ka’u [UI2] I know culturally evidential: I know by 

cultural means (myth or custom) kluju’o 

kabri 〈x1 is a cup | glass | tumbler | mug | vessel | 

[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3〉 a 

kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not 

kabrylai cupful [kabri+klani] 

kabryselmre cupful [kabri+se+merli] 

kacma 〈x1 is a camera | photographic equipment 

recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3〉 

kadno 〈x1 reflects Canadian culture | nationality in 

aspect x2〉 

kadnymergli Angloamerican [kadno+merko+glico] 

kafke 〈x1 coughs | farts | burps up | out x2 

[predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3〉 

kafkytrofli fail to control one’s cough 

[kafke+jitro+fliba] 

kafpanci smell of coffee [ckafi+panci] 

kafpatxu coffee pot [ckafi+patxu] 

kafybarja cafe [ckafi+barja] 

37

kafyzai karcykla 

kafyzai coffee shop, shop where you buy coffee beans 

[ckafi+zarci] 

kagni [kag] 〈x1 is a company | corporation | firm | 

partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3〉 

also enterprise | organization (if chartered) 

kagycange agribusiness [kagni+cange] 

kagytrocange agribusiness [kagni+jitro+cange] 

kai [BAI] characterizing ckaji modal, 1st place 

characterizing ... 

kairpai to evaluate [ckaji+pajni] 

kajde [jde] 〈x1 (event | experience) warns | cautions x2 

(person) of | about danger x3 (event | state | property)〉 

agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu’e); an attempt to warn 

which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi) 

kajna 〈x1 is a shelf | counter | bar in | on | attached to 

supporting object x2, for purpose x3〉 

kakmli sniffle [klaku+milxe] 

kakne [ka’e] 〈x1 is able to do | be | capable of doing | 

being x2 (event | state) under conditions x3 (event | 

state)〉 also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= 

plika’e) 

kakpa 〈x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] up | out of x3 

[source | hole] with limbs | tool(s) x4〉 also x1 cuts into 

x3 (with material removal) 

kakydirgo teardrop [klaku+dirgo] 

kakyjau tears [klaku+djacu] 

kalci 〈x1 is a | the feces | excrement | dung | shit of x2 

(animal | person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter)〉 also 

crap 

kalgai eyelid [kanla+gacri] 

kalgaikre eyelash [kanla+gacri+kerfa] 

kalri [kar] 〈x1 (portal | passage | entrance-way) is open | 

ajar | not shut permitting passage | access to x2 by x3〉 as 

a doorway 

kalsa [kas] 〈x1 is chaotic | disordered in property | 

aspect x2 (ka)〉 

kalselklijmi [intellectual] clarity 

[kanla+se+klina+jimpe] 

kalte [kat] 〈x1 hunts | stalks prey | quarry | game x2 for 

purpose x3〉 also verb: to fish (= fipkalte) 

kamcemtamne brotherhood (fig.) [ka+cecmu+tamne] 

kamctidji appetite [ka+citka+djica] 

kamfetseltro matriarchy [ka+fetsi+se+jitro] 

kamfetseltru matriarchy [ka+fetsi+se+turni] 

kamgubgau to publicise, to make public 

[ka+gubni+gasnu] 

38 

kamju 〈x1 is a column | pillar of material x2〉 spine (= 

bogykamju), vertebra (= kamjybo’u) 

kamnakseltro patriarchy [ka+nakni+se+jitro] 

kamnakseltru patriarchy [ka+nakni+se+turni] 

kamnakydzeseltru patriarchy 

[ka+dzena+nakni+se+turni] 

kamni 〈x1 (mass) is a committee with task | purpose x2 

of body x3〉 

kampavyselmanri absolutism, having only one 

reference point [ka+pa+se+manri] 

kampeikai thoughtful [of comments] [ka+pensi+ckaji] 

kampu [kau] 〈x1 (property - ka) is common | general | 

universal among members of set x2 (complete set)〉 

kanba 〈x1 is a goat | angora | [billy-goat | kid] of 

species | breed x2〉 

kancu [kac] 〈x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to 

be x3 [number | count] counting [off] by units x4〉 

kandi [kad] 〈x1 is dim | dull | pale | non-intense in 

property x2 (ka) as received | measured by observer x3〉 

in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi 

can also indicate a kind of paleness) 

kanji [kaj] 〈fornicate〉 

kankei to play with someone [kansa+kelci] 

kankla to accompany someone to [kansa+klama] 

kanla [kal] 〈x1 is a | the eye [body-part] of x2; 

[metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular〉 

x1 is optic 

kanro [ka’o] 〈x1 is healthy | fit | well | in good health by 


kansa [kan] 〈x1 is with | accompanies | is a companion 

of x2, in state | condition | enterprise x3 (event | state)〉 

kantu [ka’u] 〈x1 is a quantum | ray | elementary particle 

| smallest measurable increment of property | activity x2〉 

quantum ray (= bonka’u) 

kanxe [kax] 〈x1 is a conjunction, stating that x2 (du’u) 

and x3 (du’u) are both true〉 

kanydzu walk together with [kansa+cadzu] 

kapkandi colour of pale skin [skapi+kandi] 

kapsle skin cell, scale [skapi+selci] 

kapyplita scales [of skin] [skapi+plita] 

karbi [kab] 〈x1 [observer] compares x2 with x3 in 

property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state)〉 

karce 〈x1 is a car | automobile | truck | van [a wheeled 

motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3〉 

karcykla to drive [karce+klama]

karcymuvgau kevykargau 

karcymuvgau to drive someone | something 

[karce+muvdu+gasnu] 

karda 〈x1 is a card [small nearly-2-dimensional shape | 

form] of material x2, shape x3〉 

kargau to open (tr.) [kalri+gasnu] 

kargu 〈x1 (object | commodity | property | event) is 

costly | expensive | dear to x2 by standard x3〉 x1 may be 

a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a 



(= poskargu for unambiguous semantics) 

karli 〈x1 is a collar | ring | belt | band around | 

surrounding x2 made of material x3〉 also sphincter 

karmolcinba french kissing [kalri+moklu+cinba] 

karni 〈x1 is a journal | periodical | magazine | 

[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for 

audience x4〉 x2 may be a subject, but not all journals 

have a single subject; all have some sort of principle 

defining what is included, so this need not be a list 

karnypra To publish a magazine, editor [karni+cupra] 

karnysku journalist [karni+cusku] 

karsna vowel [kalri+sance] 

kasfle to tumble [of stream] [kalsa+flecu] 

kaskla to wander, to ramble [kalsa+klama] 

kasydzu to wander, to ramble [kalsa+cadzu] 

kasygri mob [of people] [kalsa+girzu] 

kasystu a ”jumble”, a junkpile [kalsa+stuzi] 

katcpi predatory bird [kalte+cipni] 

katna [ka’a] 〈x1 (tool | blade | force) cuts [through] | 

splits | divides x2 (object) into pieces x3〉 for x1 force, it 

is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; 

agentive cutting (= ka’argau, ka’arzu’e) 

katstu [hunting] ground [kalte+stuzi] 

kau [UI3a] indirect question discursive: marks word 

serving as focus of indirect question: ”I know WHO 

went to the store” 

kavbu [kav] 〈x1 captures | catches | apprehends | seizes | 

nabs x2 with trap | restraint x3〉 catch something thrown 

(= rerkavbu) 

ke [KE] [kem] start grouping start grouping of tanru, etc; 

... type of ... ; overrides normal tanru left grouping 

ke’a [KOhA7] relativized it pro-sumti: relativized sumti 

(object of relative clause) 

ke’e [KEhE] [ke’e, kep] end grouping elidable 

terminator: end of tanru left grouping override (usually 

elidable) 

ke’i [GAhO] exclusive interval open interval bracket 

marker; modifies intervals in non-logical connectives; 

exclude boundaries 

ke’o [COI] please repeat vocative: please repeat 

ke’u [UI3] repeating discursive: repeating - continuing 

refbasna, krefu, rapli, velde’a 

ke’unai [UI3] continuing discursive: repeating - 

continuing 

kecti [ke’i, kec] 〈x1 (person) pities | feels sorry for x2 

(person) about x3 (abstraction)〉 

kei [KEI] [kez] end abstraction elidable terminator: end 

abstraction bridi (often elidable) 

keiblo toy boat [kelci+bloti] 

keicre game expertise [kelci+certu] 

keigri team [kelci+girzu] 

keipro play against [kelci+fapro] 

keizdi to entertain as a game [kelci+zdile] 

kelci [kei, kel] 〈x1 [agent] plays with plaything | toy x2〉 

play game (= ci’erkei), play competitively (= jvikei) 

keldai toy [kelci+dacti] 

kelkansa to play with someone; person one plays with 

[or against] [kelci+kansa] 

kelkarda playing cards [kelci+karda] 

kelkubli dice [kelci+kubli] 

kelsnada to succeed within a game [e.g. score a goal] 

[kelci+snada] 

kelvo [ke’o] 〈x1 is x2 degree(s) Kelvin [metric unit] in 

temperature (default is 1) by standard x3〉 

kenra [ken] 〈x1 is a cancer [malignant disease] in x2〉 

kensa [kes] 〈x1 is outer space near | associated with 

celestial body | region x2〉 

kercrida elf [kerlo+crida] 

kerfa [kre] 〈x1 is a | the hair | fur [body-part] of x2 at 

body location x3〉 

kerjbikre sideburns [kerlo+jibni+kerfa] 

kerlo [ker] 〈x1 is a | the ear [body-part] of x2; 

[metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering]〉 

(adjective:) x1 is aural 

ketco [ket, tco] 〈x1 reflects South American culture | 


kevna [ke’a, kev] 〈x1 is a cavity | hole | hollow | cavern 

in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1〉 

also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke’a) 

kevykakpa to bore a hole [kevna+kakpa] 

kevykalri open through a hole [kevna+kalri] 

kevykargau to dig open [kevna+kalri+gasnu] 

39

kevzda ko’i 

kevzda cave as dwelling [kevna+zdani] 

ki [KI] tense default tense | modal: set | use tense 

default; establishes new open scope space | time | modal 

reference base 

ki’a [UI6] textual confusion attitudinal question: 

confusion about something said cfipu, kucli 

ki’anai [UI6] understanding non-question: 

understanding of something said 

ki’e [COI] thanks vocative: thanks - no thanks to you 

ki’enai [COI] no thanks to you vocative: thanks - no 

thanks to you 

ki’i [BAI] as a relation of ckini modal, 1st place (related 

to) relatively; as a relation of ... 

ki’o [PA3] number comma digit | number: number 

comma; thousands 

ki’u [BAI] because of reason krinu modal, 1st place 

(justified by) justifiably; because of reason ... 

ki’u ma [BAI] with what reason? sumti question asking 

for a rational explanation | justification; why? 

ki’unai [BAI] despite reason krinu modal, 1st place 

despite reason ... 

kicne [ki’e, kic] 〈x1 cushions x2 with material x3; x1 is 

a cushion | pillow | pad [for x2] of padding material x3〉 

kicymatci matress [kicne+matci] 

kijno [kij] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of 

oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting life | combustion]〉 

kijyselspo rusted [kijno+se+daspo] 

kilcna spade [kinli+canpa] 

kilmru [ice] pick [kinli+mruli] 

kiltci sharpener [kinli+tutci] 

kilto [ki’o] 〈x1 is a thousand [1000; 1x10**3] of x2 in 


kinli [kil] 〈x1 is sharp | keen at locus x2〉 

kinplapre movie director; cinematographer 

[skina+platu+prenu] 

kisto [kis] 〈x1 reflects Pakistani | Pashto culture | 


kityzba potter [kliti+zbasu] 

kixsku to cry out something [krixa+cusku] 

klacpe to call someone to come [klama+cpedu] 

kladji to want to go somewhere [klama+djica] 

klagau to make one go [klama+gasnu] 

klaji [laj] 〈x1 is a street | avenue | lane | drive | 

cul-de-sac | way | alley | [road] at x2 accessing x3〉 also 

corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers 

access to sites along it 

40 

klakansa to come with someone, to accompany 

someone [klama+kansa] 

klaku [kak] 〈x1 weeps | cries tears x2 about | for reason 

x3 (event | state)〉 

klama [kla] 〈x1 comes | goes to destination x2 from 

origin x3 via route x4 using means | vehicle x5〉 also 

travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a 

traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to 

constrain the route relevantly) 

klani [lai] 〈x1 is a quantity quantified | measured | 

enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si’o)〉 also 

count 

klasti to stop [going] [klama+sisti] 

klastigau to stop someone going [klama+sisti+gasnu] 

klerafsi classifier affix for le’avla [klesi+rafsi] 

klesi [kle, lei] 〈x1 (mass | si’o) is a class | category | 

subgroup | subset within x2 with defining property x3 

(ka)〉 also type, kind, classification, species, genus, 

family, order, phylum 

kligau to clear (tr.) [klina+gasnu] 

klina [kli] 〈x1 (object | medium) is clear | transparent | 

without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmission]〉 also 

lucid; x2 remains apparent | lucid | clear (figurative use 

for ’understandable’ is discouraged, better expressed as = 

filseljmi) 

kliru 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of halogen 

of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, iodine, etc.]〉 

kliti [kit] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of clay 

[moist, clammy dirt] of composition including x2〉 

klupe [lu’e, lup] 〈x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, 

threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4〉 

also bolt 

klusmu connotation, culturally specific meaning 

[kulnu+smuni] 

kluza [luz] 〈x1 (obj.) is loose | bloused | not tight on x2 

(obj.) at locus x3〉 

kluzei taboo [kulnu+zekri] 

ko [KOhA3] imperative pro-sumti: you (imperative); 

make it true for you, the listener 

ko’a [KOhA4] it-1 pro-sumti: he | she | it | they #1 


ko’e [KOhA4] it-2 pro-sumti: he | she | it | they #2 


ko’i [KOhA4] it-3 pro-sumti: he | she | it | they #3 

(specified by goi)

ko’o ku’o 

ko’o [KOhA4] it-4 pro-sumti: he | she | it | they #4 


ko’u [KOhA4] it-5 pro-sumti: he | she | it | they #5 


kobli [ko’i, kob] 〈x1 is a quantity of cabbage | lettuce | 

leafy vegetable of species | strain x2〉 

koi [BAI] bounded by korbi modal, 1st place (bordered 

by) bounded by ... 

kojna [ko’a, koj] 〈x1 is a corner | point | 

at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape | form] in | on 

x2, of material x3〉 also apex; a corner exists on three 

dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests 

a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some 

planar cross-section 

kolme [ko’e, kol] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made 

of coal | peat | anthracite | bituminous from source x2〉 

komcu [kom] 〈x1 is a comb [many-needled shape] of 

material x2 with tines | needles x3〉 

komnicygau to comb [komcu+cnici+gasnu] 

koncuptai ellipse, ellipsoid [konju+clupa+tarmi] 

konju [ko’u, kon] 〈x1 is a cone [shape | form] of material 

x2 with vertex x3〉 also ellipse, ellipsoid (= konclupa) 

korbi [koi, kor] 〈x1 is an edge | margin | border | curb | 

boundary of x2 next-to | bordering-on x3〉 

korcu [kro] 〈(adjective:) x1 is bent | crooked | not 

straight or direct | [twisted] | folded〉 

korka [kok] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of 

cork | bark from tree | species x2; [material]〉 

kosta [kos] 〈x1 is a coat | jacket | sweater | cloak | [cape 

| shawl | pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2〉 

kosycreka jacket, jumper [kosta+creka] 

kramu 〈x1 is x2 local area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 

1) by standard x3, x4 subunits〉 

krasi [kra] 〈x1 (site | event) is a source | start | beginning 

| origin of x2 (object | event | process)〉 also root 

(figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial 

krastu origin [krasi+stuzi] 

krati [ka’i] 〈x1 represents | is an agent | proxy | 

stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s) | function(s) x3〉 

also: on behalf of 

kreblabi colour of blond [or white] hair [kerfa+blabi] 

krecau bald [kerfa+claxu] 

krefu [ke’u, ref] 〈x1 (event) is the x3’rd recurrence | 

repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] 

x1〉 also case, another, instance, different, other, time, 

occasion 

krekandi blond colour [kerfa+kandi] 

krekemburpelxu brown-blond 

[kerfa+ke+bunre+pelxu] 

krepelxu blond [color] [kerfa+pelxu] 

krici [kri] 〈x1 believes [without evidence | proof] belief | 

creed x2 (du’u) is true | assumed about subject x3〉 

”without evidence” refers to objective external evidence; 

also gives credence, has conviction 

krili 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of crystal of 

composition x2 in form | arrangement x3〉 x2: 

composition including x2, which need not be complete 

specification 

krinu [ki’u, rin] 〈x1 (event | state) is a reason | 

justification | explanation for | causing | permitting x2 

(event | state)〉 

kriselsku creed [krici+se+cusku] 

krixa [ki’a, kix] 〈x1 cries out | yells | howls sound x2; 

x1 is a crier〉 

krogarna bow [korcu+garna] 

krokurfa rhombus [korcu+kurfa] 

kroranda deflect [korcu+randa] 

kroxadjbi to lean towards someone 

[korcu+xadni+jibni] 

kruca [kuc] 〈x1 intersects | crosses | traverses x2 at 

locus x3〉 

kruji [ruj] 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity of 

cream | emulsion | puree [consistency] of composition 

x2〉 x2: composition including x2, which need not be 

complete specification] 

kruvi [kru, ruv] 〈x1 is a curve | turn | bend in x2, at 

locus x3, and defined by set of points | properties x4〉 

(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is 

sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of 

the bend) 

ku [KU] end sumti elidable terminator: end description, 

modal, or negator sumti; often elidable 

ku’a [JOI] [kuz] intersection non-logical connective: 

intersection of sets 

ku’e [KUhE] end mex forethought elidable terminator: 

end mathematical (mex) forethought (Polish) expression; 

often elidable 

ku’i [UI3b] however discursive: however | but | in 

contrast karbi, dukti, nalpanra 

ku’o [KUhO] end relative clause elidable terminator: 

end NOI relative clause; always elidable, but preferred in 

complex clauses 

41

ku’u lagypunli 

ku’u [BAI] in culture kulnu modal, 1st place in culture 

... 

kubli [kub] 〈x1 is a cube | regular polyhedron | polygon 

of dimensions x2 (def. 3), surfaces | sides x3 (def. 6)〉 

kubykurfa square [kubli+kurfa] 

kucli 〈x1 is curious | wonders about | is interested in | 

[inquisitive about] x2 (object | abstract)〉 inquisitive (= 

retkucli) 

kuctai crucifix, cross [shape, form] [kruca+tarmi] 

kufra [kuf] 〈x1 feels comfort | is comfortable with 

conditions | environmental property(ies) x2〉 

kukte [kuk] 〈x1 is delicious | tasty | delightful to 

observer | sense x2 [person, or sensory activity]〉 x1 is a 

delicacy 

kukydja tasty food, treat, morsel [kukte+cidja] 

kulnu [klu] 〈x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is 

culture of nation | ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic〉 (note 

that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared 

among people and is not an individual trait) 

kulpikta diploma [ckule+pikta] 

kultadni to study [at school] [ckule+tadni] 

kumfa [ku’a, kum] 〈x1 is a room of | in structure x2 

surrounded by partitions | walls | ceiling | floor x3 (mass 

| jo’u)〉 also chamber 

kumte 〈x1 is a camel | llama | alpaca | vicuna | 

dromedary of species | breed x2〉 llama (= tcokumte), 

Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel | 

dromedary (= rabykumte) 

kuncpastu a [metal] mine [kunra+cpacu+stuzi] 

kunra [kun] 〈x1 is | contains | is made from a mineral | 

ore of type | metal x2 mined from location | lode | mine 

x3〉 

kunti [kut] 〈x1 [container] is empty | vacant of x2 

[material]; x1 is hollow〉 also vacuum (= kunti be roda | 

so’ada) 

kurfa [kur] 〈x1 is a right-angled shape | form defined by 

set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2)〉 also 

rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, 

pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), 

rhombus | diamond (= sa’orkurfa, sa’orpitkubli) 

kurji [ku’i, kuj] 〈x1 takes-care-of | looks after | attends 

to | provides for | is caretaker for x2 (object | event | 

person)〉 also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper | 

custodian of x2 

kurki 〈x1 is bitter | acrid | sharply disagreeable to 

observer | sense x2〉 

42 

kurkubli cube [kurfa+kubli] 

kurtre square meter [kurfa+mitre] 

kuspe [ku’e, kup] 〈x1 ranges | extends | spans | persists | 

reaches across | over interval | gap | area | scope | extent | 

range x2〉 also continues 

kusru [kus] 〈x1 (person) is cruel | mean | unkind to 

victim x2〉 

ky [BY2] k letteral for k 

la [LA] that named name descriptor: the one(s) called ... 

; takes name or selbri description 

la’a [UI3] probability discursive: probability - 

improbability lakne 

la’anai [UI3] improbability discursive: probability - 

improbability 

la’e [LAhE] the referent of the referent of (indirect 

pointer); uses the referent of a sumti as the desired sumti 

la’edi’u [KOhA] last utterance it pro-sumti: the referent 

of the last utterance; the state described: ”IT was fun” 

la’i [LA] the set of named name descriptor: the set of 

those named ... ; takes name or selbri description 

la’o [ZOI] the non-Lojban named delimited non-Lojban 

name; the resulting quote sumti is treated as a name 

la’u [BAI] quantifying klani modal, 1st place (amount) 

quantifying ...; being a quantity of ... 

la’u ma [BAI] in what quantity? sumti question asking 

for a quantity; how many? 

labno 〈x1 is a wolf | lupine of species | breed x2〉 

labypiltricu birch [blabi+pilka+tricu] 

lacpu [cpu, lap] 〈x1 pulls | tugs | draws | drags x2 by 

handle | at locus x3〉 gravity (= ka maicpu, maircpukai) 

lacri [lac] 〈x1 relies | depends | counts on | trusts x2 to 

bring about | ensure | maintain x3 (event | state)〉 

lactcicygau betray [lacri+tcica+gasnu] 

ladru [lad] 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity of 

milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is lactic | dairy〉 

ladycange dairy farm [ladru+cange] 

ladyfaigau milkman [ladru+fatri+gasnu] 

lafcpa pick up [lafti+cpacu] 

lafmuvgau to raise, to lift up [lafti+muvdu+gasnu] 

lafti [laf] 〈x1 (force) lifts | applies raising | supporting 

force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4〉 

lagnirbakfu clitoris [vlagi+nirna+bakfu] 

lagygasrango clitoris [vlagi+ganse+rango] 

lagypinji clitoris [vlagi+pinji] 

lagypunli clitoris [vlagi+punli]

lagyselkukrango le sego’i 

lagyselkukrango clitoris (possibly slangy?) 

[vlagi+se+kukte+rango] 

lai [LA] the mass of named name descriptor: the mass of 

individual(s) named ... ; takes name or selbri description 

lairpai to estimate [klani+pajni] 

lakne [la’e] 〈x1 (event | state | property) is probable | 

likely under conditions x2〉 

lakse [lak] 〈x1 is quantity of wax [substance especially 

soft | moldable when warm] from source x2〉 also 

paraffin 

lalcta to examine something [lanli+catlu] 

lalxu [la’u] 〈x1 is a lake | lagoon | pool at site | within 

land mass x2〉 

lambavdei tomorrow [lamji+balvi+djedi] 

lamgri block, group adjacent to another [lamji+girzu] 

lamjeftu next | previous week [lamji+jeftu] 

lamji [la’i, lam] 〈x1 is adjacent | beside | next to | in 

contact with x2 in property | sequence x3 in direction 

x4〉 also touching, contiguous, against 

lampru recent, immediately preceding [lamji+purci] 

lanbi 〈x1 is a quantity of protein | albumin of type x2 

composed of amino acids (sequence | jo’u)〉 

lanci 〈x1 is a flag | banner | standard of | symbolizing x2 

with pattern(s) x3 on material x4〉 

lanka 〈x1 is a basket with contents x2, woven from 


lanli [lal] 〈x1 analyzes | examines-in-detail x2 by 

method | technique | system x3 [process | activity]〉 

lanme [lan] 〈x1 is a sheep | [lamb | ewe | ram] of species 

| breed x2 of flock x3〉 

lante 〈x1 is a can | tightly sealed | pre-sealed container 

for perishable contents x2, made of x3〉 

lanxe [lax] 〈x1 is in balance | equilibrium under forces 

x2 (mass)〉 

lanzu [laz] 〈x1 (mass) is a family with members 

including x2 bonded | tied | joined according to standard 

x3〉 also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 

(selylanzu for reordered places); relative (= lazmi’u - xy 

mintu y’y leka cmima da poi lanzu) 

larcu [lar] 〈x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of 

craft | skill x2 (idea | activity)〉 (adjective:) x1 is artistic 

larjdixau artistic judgement, tastefulness 

[larcu+jdice+xamgu] 

larjdixla bad taste, tasteless [larcu+jdice+xlali] 

larmuzga gallery [larcu+muzga] 

larsku literature, art as expression [larcu+cusku] 

larxau having artistic merit, well-done [larcu+xamgu] 

lasna [la’a] 〈x1 (agent) fastens | connects | attaches | 

binds | lashes x2 to x3 with fastener x4〉 no implication 

that result is considered a single object; although x2 and 

x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, 

the fixed | larger object to which x2 becomes attached 

lastu 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of brass 

[copper | zinc alloy] of composition including x2〉 

(adjective:) x1 is brazen) 

lasysilka polyester [slasi+silka] 

latmo [la’o] 〈x1 reflects Latin | Roman | Romance 

culture | empire | language in aspect x2〉 

latna 〈x1 is a lotus, plant | flower | herb of species | 

strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture | religion x4〉 

lau [LAU] punctuation mark 2-word letteral | shift: 

punctuation mark or special symbol follows 

laurckasu loudly mock [cladu+ckasu] 

laurgau to amplify [cladu+gasnu] 

laurxajmi loud joker, loudmouth [cladu+xajmi] 

laurxampre loud joker, loudmouth 

[cladu+xajmi+prenu] 

lausku to shout something [cladu+cusku] 

lauzma louder [cladu+zmadu] 

lazni 〈x1 (person) is lazy | avoiding work | effort 

concerning action x2〉 

lazycange family farm [lanzu+cange] 

lazycmi member of the family [lanzu+cmima] 

lazyzda family home [lanzu+zdani] 

le [LE] the described non-veridical descriptor: the 

one(s) described as ... 

le go’i [KOhA] the x1 of last bridi description 

pro-sumti: reuses the value of the x1 of the previous bridi 

le jaica [LE] the time of description: marks description 

extracting the time tense place of the description bridi 

le jaigau [LE] the agent in description: marks 

description extracting the agentive place of the 

description selbri 

le jaivi [LE] the location of description: marks 

description extracting the location place of the 

description bridi 

le sego’i [KOhA] the x2 of last bridi description 


43

le tego’i lidne 

le tego’i [KOhA] the x3 of last bridi description 


le vego’i [KOhA] the x4 of last bridi description 


le xego’i [KOhA] the x5 of last bridi description 


le’a [BAI] in category klesi modal, 1st place (scalar set) 

in | of category ... 

le’e [LE] [lem] the stereotypical non-veridical 

descriptor: the stereotype of those described as ... 

le’i [LE] the set described non-veridical descriptor: the 

set of those described as ..., treated as a set 

le’o [UI5] aggressive attitudinal modifier: aggressive - 

passive - defensive gunta, bandu 

le’ocu’i [UI5] passive attitudinal modifier: aggressive - 

passive - defensive 

le’onai [UI5] defensive attitudinal modifier: aggressive - 

passive - defensive 

le’u [LEhU] end error quote end quote of questionable 

or out-of-context text; not elidable 

lebdji to want [to take something from someone] 

[lebna+djica] 

lebna [le’a, leb] 〈x1 takes | gets | gains | obtains | seizes | 

[removes] x2 (object | property) from x3 (possessor)〉 

also confiscate, appropriate 

lebvla loan word [lebna+valsi] 

lecysoltei afternoon [lerci+solri+temci] 

ledgrute mushroom [mledi+grute] 

ledo [LE] your described as possessive | associative 

descriptor: the one(s) described as, of yours 

lei [LE] the mass described non-veridical descriptor: the 

mass of individual(s) described as ... 

leicmi to be in class..., to be classed as [klesi+cmima] 

leivla word describing a group, superordinate 

[klesi+valsi] 

lejbai to bribe [pleji+bapli] 

leko’a [LE] it-1’s described as possessive | associative 

descriptor: the one(s) described as, of it-1’s 

lemi [LE] my described as possessive | associative 

descriptor: the one(s) described as, of mine 

lenjo [le’o, len] 〈x1 is a lens | glass [focussing shape | 

form] focussing x2 to focus | foci x3 by means | material 

x4〉 

44 

lenku [lek] 〈x1 is cold | cool by standard x2〉 

lerci [lec] 〈x1 (event) is late by standard x2〉 

lerfu [le’u, ler] 〈x1 (la’e zo BY | word-bu) is a letter | 

digit | symbol in alphabet | character-set x2 representing 

x3〉 also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me’o BY | 

word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic | 

symbolic; ”letteral” used by analogy with ”numeral”; 

sinxa is the more generic symbol 

lerlogji symbolic logic [lerfu+logji] 

lerpoi a string, a sequence of letterals [lerfu+porsi] 

lerseltcidu text [lerfu+se+tcidu] 

lervla word denoting a letteral, name of a letter 

[lerfu+valsi] 

leta [LE] that one’s possessive | associative descriptor: 

nearby demonstrative possessive; cannot use for ’THAT 

...’ 

leti [LE] this one’s possessive | associative descriptor: 

immediate demonstrative possessive; cannot use for 

’THIS ...’ 

letu [LE] the yonder one’s possessive | associative 

descriptor: distant demonstrative possessive 

leva [LE] that there located descriptor: descriptive 

that-there (non-demonstrative) 

levi [LE] this here located descriptor: descriptive 

this-here (non-demonstrative) 

levu [LE] that yonder located descriptor: descriptive 

that-yonder (non-demonstrative) 

li [LI] the number the number | evaluated expression; 

convert number | operand | evaluated math expression to 

sumti 

li’a [UI3] clearly discursive: clearly - obscurely klina 

li’anai [UI3] obscurely discursive: clearly - obscurely 

li’e [BAI] preceded by lidne modal, 1st place preceded 

by ...; non-time sequencing 

li’i [NU] [liz] experience abstract abstractor: experience 

abstractor; x1 is x2’s experience of [bridi] (participant or 

observer) 

li’o [UI3a] omitted text discursive: omitted text (quoted 

material) 

li’u [LIhU] end quote elidable terminator: end 

grammatical quotation; seldom elidable except at end of 

text 

libjo [lib] 〈x1 reflects Libyan culture | nationality in 

aspect x2〉 

lidne [li’e] 〈x1 precedes | leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is 

former | preceding | previous; x2 is latter | following〉

lidvru lojytadji 

also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in ’leading 

indicators’; x2 after, trailing (= selyli’e for reordered 

places) 

lidvru thunder [lindi+savru] 

lidysna thunder [lindi+sance] 

lifri [fri, lif] 〈x1 [person | passive | state] undergoes | 

experiences x2 (event | experience); x2 happens to x1〉 

also has | have (of events | experiences); (adjective:) x1 

is empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not 

exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: 

reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, 

maljernyfri) 

lijda [jda] 〈x1 is a religion of believers including x2 

sharing common beliefs | practices | tenets including x3〉 

also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), 

adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious | 

ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in | of x1, an 

adherent | follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); 

x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered 

places); x3 is a tenet | belief | ritual | creed of x1 | x2 (= 

terjda for reordered places); priest | clerical (= jdaca’i, 

jdaka’i, jdaja’a); organized church | religion (= be’ejda); 

congregation (= jdabe’e, jdagri) 

lijgri a row of... [linji+girzu] 

lijvelsku a line of text [linji+ve+cusku] 

likygau liquify [litki+gasnu] 

limkla to swim out [limna+klama] 

limna [lim] 〈x1 (agent) swims in fluid x2〉 

limvra oar [limna+vraga] 

lindi [lid] 〈x1 is lightning | electrical arc | thunderbolt 

striking at | extending to x2 from x3〉 also thunder (= 

lidysna) 

linji [li’i, lij] 〈x1 is a line | among lines [1-dimensional 

shape | form] defined by set of points x2〉 ray | vector 

(farli’i or porli’i) 

linsi [lin] 〈x1 is a length of chain | links of material x2 

with link properties x3〉 

linto [li’o] 〈x1 is light in mass | weight by standard x2〉 

lirgau hasten, make something early [clira+gasnu] 

lirgli Old English [clira+glico] 

lirmau earlier [clira+zmadu] 

liryrai earliest [clira+traji] 

lisnuntoi attempting | drafting of story [lisri+nu+troci] 

lisri [lis] 〈x1 is a story | tale | yarn | narrative about plot | 

subject | moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4〉 also 

legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be 

merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells | 

recounts story | tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for 

place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the 

author 

liste [ste] 〈x1 (physical object) is a list | catalog | register 

of sequence | set x2 in order x3 in medium x4〉 also roll, 

log 

listigni hero of the story, dramatis personae [lisri+tigni] 

lisycku story book [lisri+cukta] 

litce [lic] 〈x1 is x2 liter(s) [metric unit] in volume 

(default is 1) by standard x3〉 

litki [lik] 〈x1 is liquid | fluid, of composition | material 

including x2, under conditions x3〉 conditions include 

temperature and pressure 

litru [li’u] 〈x1 travels | journeys | goes | moves via route 

x2 using means | vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller〉 

livbai to displace, to expel [cliva+bapli] 

livga 〈x1 is a | the liver [body-part] of x2〉 

livla [lil] 〈x1 is a fuel | energy-source for powering x2〉 

lo [LE] the really is veridical descriptor: the one(s) that 

really is(are) ... 

lo’a [BY1] Lojban shift shift letterals to Lojban 

(Roman) alphabet 

lo’e [LE] [lom] the typical veridical descriptor: the 

typical one(s) who really is(are) ... 

lo’i [LE] the set really is veridical descriptor: the set of 

those that really are ..., treated as a set 

lo’o [LOhO] end mex sumti elidable terminator: end 

math express.(mex) sumti; end mex-to-sumti conversion; 

usually elidable 

lo’u [LOhU] error quote start questionable | 

out-of-context quote; text should be Lojban words, but 

needn’t be grammatical 

logji [loj] 〈x1 [rules | methods] is a logic for deducing | 

concluding | inferring | reasoning to | about x2 (du’u)〉 

also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical 

loi [LE] the mass really is veridical descriptor: the mass 

of individual(s) that is(are) ... 

lojbau loglan [logji+bangu] 

lojbaugri Logical Language Group 

[logji+bangu+girzu] 

lojbo [jbo, lob] 〈x1 reflects [Loglandic] | Lojbanic 

language | culture | nationality | community in aspect x2〉 

lojycipra logical proof [logji+cipra] 

lojytadji algorithm [logji+tadji] 

45

lolcau malsi 

lolcau bottomless [loldi+claxu] 

loldi [loi, lol] 〈x1 is a floor | bottom | ground of x2〉 floor 

| level | story of a building | edifice (= setloi, dijysenta) 

lorxu [lo’u, lor] 〈x1 is a fox [bushy-tailed wild dog | 

canine] of species | breed x2〉 

lu [LU] quote start grammatical quotation; quoted text 

should be grammatical on its own 

lu’a [LAhE] the individuals of the members of the set | 

components of the mass; converts another description 

type to individuals 

lu’e [LAhE] the symbol for the symbol for (indirect 

discourse); uses the symbol | word(s) for a sumti as the 

desired sumti 

lu’i [LAhE] the set composed of the set with members; 

converts another description type to a set of the members 

lu’o [LAhE] the mass composed of the mass composed 

of; converts another description type to a mass composed 

of the members 

lu’u [LUhU] end sumti qualifiers elidable terminator: 

end of sumti qualifiers; usually elidable except before a 

sumti 

lubno [lu’o] 〈x1 reflects Lebanese culture | nationality in 

aspect x2〉 

lubyseljma barefoot [lunbe+se+jamfu] 

lujvo [jvo, luv] 〈x1 (text) is a compound predicate word 

with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor 

x4〉 

lumci [lu’i, lum] 〈x1 (agent) washes | cleanses x2 of soil 

| contaminant x3 in | with cleaning material(s) x4〉 

agentless washing | cleansing (= cuvbi’o, jisybi’o) 

lumvau wash-basin [lumci+vasru] 

lunbe [lub] 〈x1 is bare | naked | nude; x1 is without 

cover | clothes | [protection]〉 

lunra [lur] 〈x1 is Earth’s moon (default); x1 is a major 

natural satellite | moon of planet x2〉 

lunsa [lus] 〈x1 condenses | liquefies on | into x2 at 

temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew | condensate on 

x2〉 

luptci screwdriver [klupe+tutci] 

lurboi lunar orb [lunra+bolci] 

lurcukla the moon [spoken of as something that can be 

full or new] [lunra+cukla] 

luzycre blouse [loose shirt] [kluza+certu] 

ly [BY2] l letteral for l 

ma [KOhA7] sumti ? pro-sumti: sumti question (what | 

who | how | why | etc.); appropriately fill in sumti blank 

46 

ma’a [KOhA3] we with you pro-sumti: me | we the 

speaker(s) | author(s) & you the listener(s) & others 

unspecified 

ma’e [BAI] material object marji modal, 1st place 

material in object | substance ... 

ma’i [BAI] in reference frame manri modal, 1st place 

(by standard 2) in reference frame ... 

ma’o [MAhO] operand to operator convert letteral 

string or other mathematical expression (mex) operand to 

mex operator 

ma’u [PA3] positive number digit | number: plus sign; 

positive number; default any positive 

mabla [mal] 〈x1 is a derogative connotation | sense of x2 

used by x3; x3 derogates | ’curses at’ x2 in form x1〉 

bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn 

mabru [mab] 〈x1 is a mammal | ’animal’ | beast of 

species x2〉 

macnu [cnu] 〈x1 (event | action | process) is manual [not 

automatic] in function x2 under conditions x3〉 

mafcre wizard [makfa+certu] 

mai [MAI] sentence ordinal utterance ordinal suffix; 

converts a number to an ordinal, such as an item or 

paragraph number 

maixra sculpture [marji+pixra] 

makcu [ma’u] 〈x1 is mature | ripe | fully-grown | adult 

in development-quality x2 (ka)〉 

makfa [maf] 〈x1 is magic | supernatural | sorcery | 

witchcraft | wizardry to x2, performed by person | force | 

deity x3〉 

makfartci compass [maksi+farna+tutci] 

maksi [mak] 〈x1 is magnetic [adjective] producing 

magnetic field x2〉 

makyvelvei magnetic storage [maksi+ve+vreji] 

malgletoi try to get into someone’s pants, sexually 

harrass [rape?] [mabla+gletu+troci] 

malgli inappropriately relying on English in [Lojban] 

expression [mabla+glico] 

malpavyselbau monolingual as derogatory term 

[mabla+pa+se+bangu] 

malrarbau inappropriately relying on natural language 

in [artificial language] expression; having an undesirable 

trait typical of natural languages [mabla+rarna+bangu] 

malsi [mas] 〈x1 is a temple | church | sanctuary | 

synagogue | shrine of religion x2 at location | serving 

area x3〉 x2 may be event of form (... worships | pays |

malxlujikca me’u 

respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) 

monument (= mojmalsi, si’armalsi) 

malxlujikca to sweet-talk someone socially 

[mabla+xlura+jikca] 

mamjipci hen [mamta+jipci] 

mamta [mam] 〈x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears | mothers | 

acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological]〉 

manci [mac] 〈x1 feels wonder | awe | marvels about x2〉 

manfo 〈x1 (object | event) is uniform | homogeneous in 

property x2 (ka)〉 

manku [man] 〈x1 is dark | lacking in illumination〉 

manrai darkest [manku+traji] 

manri [mar] 〈x1 is a frame of reference | standard for 

observing | measuring | determining x2, with | by rules 

x3〉 

mansa 〈x1 satisfies evaluator x2 in property (ka) | state 

x3〉 

mansykanji calculates to someone’s satisfaction 

[mansa+kanji] 

manti 〈x1 is an ant of species | breed x2〉 

mantyjalra termite [manti+jalra] 

mantymamta ant queen [manti+mamta] 

mantyzda ant nest, anthill [manti+zdani] 

mapku [map] 〈x1 is a cap | hat | crown | helmet | piece 

of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2〉 

mapni 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of cotton 

[type of fabric | material]〉 

mapti [mat] 〈x1 fits | matches | suits | is compatible | 

appropriate | corresponds to | with x2 in property | aspect 

x3〉 

marbi [mra] 〈x1 is a shelter | haven | refuge | retreat | 

harbor for | protecting x2 from danger | threat x3〉 

marce [ma’e] 〈x1 is a vehicle | mode of transport 

carrying x2 in | on surface | medium x3, propelled by x4〉 

marde [mad] 〈x1 are the ethics | morals | moral 

standards | ethical standards of x2 (ind. | mass) about 

situation x3〉 x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or 

rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= 

sezmarde) 

mardikca positive electricity [manri+dikca] 

margu [mag] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | made of 

mercury | quicksilver; [metaphor: fluid metal; 

temperature]〉 

marji [mai, maj] 〈x1 is material | stuff | matter of type | 

composition including x2 in shape | form x3〉 also 

(adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense) | material 

marna 〈x1 is a quantity of hemp | marijuana | jute of 

species | strain x2〉 

marxa [max] 〈x1 [force] mashes | crushes | squashes | 

smashes x2 into pulp | mash | crumbs | deformed mass 

x3〉 

masno [sno] 〈x1 is slow | sluggish at doing | being | 

bringing about x2 (event | state)〉 

masti [ma’i] 〈x1 is x2 months in duration (default is 1 

month) by month standard x3〉 this month (= cabma’i); 

next month (= bavla’ima’i); last month (= prula’ima’i) 

matci 〈x1 is a mat | pad | mattress | pallet [flat, soft, 

dense form] of material x2〉 also mattress = (kicymatci) 

matli 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of linen | 

flax [type of fabric | material]〉 

matne 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains butter | oleo | 

margarine | shortening from source x2〉 (adjective:) x1 is 

buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal 

temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne) 

matpai approve something for something [mapti+pajni] 

matra 〈x1 is a motor | engine, driving | propelling | 

providing power to x2〉 

mau [BAI] exceeded by zmadu modal, 1st place (a 

greater) exceeded by ... ; usually a sumti modifier 

maudji to prefer [zmadu+djica] 

mavji [mav] 〈x1 is a quantity of oats [grain] of species | 

strain x2〉 

maxri [xri] 〈x1 is a quantity of wheat [grain] of species | 

strain x2〉 

maxyvru crash [marxa+savru] 

me [ME] sumti to selbri convert sumti to selbri | tanru 

element; x1 is specific to [sumti] in aspect x2 

me’a [BAI] undercut by mleca modal, 1st place (a 

lesser) undercut by ... ; usually a sumti modifier 

me’e [BAI] with name cmene modal, 1st place (requires 

quote) with name ...; so-called ... 

me’e ma [BAI] with what name? sumti question asking 

for a name; who?; requires quoted name as an answer 

me’i [PA3] less than digit | number: less than 

me’o [LI] the mex the mathematical expression 

(unevaluated); convert unevaluated mathematical 

expression to sumti 

me’u [MEhU] end sumti to selbri elidable terminator: 

end sumti that was converted to selbri; usually elidable 

47

mebri minde 

mebri [meb] 〈x1 is a | the brow | forehead [projecting 

flat | smooth head | body-part] of x2〉 

mecrai least [mleca+traji] 

megdo [meg] 〈x1 is a million [1x10**6] of x2 in 


mei [MOI] [mei, mem] cardinal selbri convert number to 

cardinality selbri; x1 is the mass formed from set x2 

whose n member(s) are x3 

mekpau constituent of a mathematical expression 

[mekso+pagbu] 

mekso [me’o, mek] 〈x1 [quantifier | expression] is a 

mathematical expression interpreted under rules | 

convention x2〉 

melbi [mel, mle] 〈x1 is beautiful | pleasant to x2 in 

aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4〉 also handsome, 

pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful 

meljo [mej] 〈x1 reflects Malaysian | Malay culture | 


menli [men] 〈x1 is a mind | intellect | psyche | mentality 

| [consciousness] of body x2〉 (adjective:) x1 is mental | 

psychological | a mental phenomenon; multiple 

personalities (= so’i menli) 

menmikce mental health practicioner, psychiatrist, 

psychologist, counsellor etc [menli+mikce] 

mensi [me’i, mes] 〈x1 is a sister of | sororal to x2 by 

bond | tie | standard | parent(s) x3; [not necessarily 

biological]〉 

mentu [me’u, met] 〈x1 is x2 minutes in duration (default 

is 1 minute) by standard x3〉 

merbau American English [merko+bangu] 

merfei US cent [merko+fepni] 

merkadno angloamerican [merko+kadno] 

merklu US culture [merko+kulnu] 

merko [mer] 〈x1 pertains to USA | American culture | 

nationality | dialect in aspect x2〉 

merli [mre] 〈x1 (agent) measures | evaluates x2 

[quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si’o), with accuracy 

x5〉 

mernai US as a nation [merko+natmi] 

mertru US Government [merko+turni] 

mexno [mex] 〈x1 reflects Mexican culture | nationality 

in aspect x2〉 

mextutra Mexico [mexno+tutra] 

mi [KOhA3] [mib] me pro-sumti: me | we the speaker(s) 

| author(s); identified by self-vocative 

48 

mi’a [KOhA3] we, not you pro-sumti: me | we the 

speaker(s) | author(s) & others unspecified, but not you, 

the listener 

mi’e [COI] self-introduction self vocative: 

self-introduction - denial of identity; identifies speaker 

mi’enai [COI] no, I am not self vocative: 

self-introduction - denial of identity; denies identity of 

speaker 

mi’i [BIhI] center-range non-logical interval 

connective: ordered components: ... center, ... range 

surrounding center 

mi’o [KOhA3] me and you pro-sumti: me | we the 

speaker(s) | author(s) & you the listener(s) 

mi’u [UI3b] ditto discursive: ditto mintu 

mickarli surgical collar [mikce+karli] 

midju [mij] 〈x1 is in | at the middle | center | midpoint | 

[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central〉 

midnoi orders, message giving orders [minde+notci] 

midvla command word, keyword [minde+valsi] 

mifra [mif] 〈x1 is encoded | cipher text of plain-text x2 

by code | coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code〉 

code (= termifra) 

mijdorsai lunch [midju+donri+sanmi] 

mijycisysla Summer solstice [midju+crisa+salci] 

mijycte midnight [midju+nicte] 

mikce [mic] 〈x1 doctors | treats | nurses | [cures] | is 

physician | midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment | 

cure x4〉 also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is 

a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is 

treated by x1 person | x4 treatment | method; 

successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), 

intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka’orbi’o to not imply an 

external agent | process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce 

may be self | internal); treatment (= velmikce) 

mikri [mik] 〈x1 is a millionth [1x10**-6] of x2 in 


miksnidu microsecond [mikri+snidu] 

mikygra micrograms [mikri+grake] 

milsnidu millisecond [milti+snidu] 

milti [mil] 〈x1 is a thousandth [1 | 1000; 1x10**-3] of 

x2 in dimension | aspect x3 (default is units)〉 

milxe [mli] 〈x1 is mild | non-extreme | gentle | middling 

| somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2〉 

minde [mi’e, mid] 〈x1 issues commands | orders to x2 

for result x3 (event | state) to happen; x3 is commanded

minji mo’aroi 

to occur〉 also: x1 orders | sets | [triggers] x2 to do | bring 

about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi’e) 

minji [mi’i] 〈x1 is a machine for use | function x2; 

[automated apparatus, without direct function control]〉 

also machinery | mechanism; a machine is initiated | 

triggered by an agent | force, but thereafter performs its 

function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) 

entity (= zukte) 

minli 〈x1 is x2 (default 1) long local distance unit(s) 

[non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4〉 

minra [mir] 〈x1 reflects | mirrors | echoes x2 [object | 

radiation] to observer | point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1〉 

also: x1 is a mirror | reflector 

mintu [mi’u, mit] 〈x1 is the same | identical thing as x2 

by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable)〉 

mipri [mip] 〈x1 keeps x2 secret | hidden from x3 by 

method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides | conceals x2〉 

intransitive hidden | secret, without an agent (= selcri or 

nalterju’o); secret (= selmipri) 

mipstu to hide (intr.) [mipri+stuzi] 

mipypro hidden hostility [mipri+fapro] 

mirlanxe symmetrical [minra+lanxe] 

mirli 〈x1 is a deer | elk | moose | [hart | stag | doe] of 


mirsarxe symmetrical [minra+sarxe] 

mirsna echo [minra+sance] 

misno [mi’o, mis] 〈x1 (person | object | event) is famous 

| renowned | is a celebrity among community of persons 

x2 (mass)〉 also celebrated | well-known; (derogative 

meanings:) notorious | infamous (= malmi’o; these could 

also be expressed using the referenced words) 

misro 〈x1 reflects Egyptian culture | nationality in 

aspect x2〉 

misyzau to glorify [misno+zanru] 

mitcinglepre non-heterosexual, queer, MOTSS 

[mintu+cinse+gletu+prenu] 

mitcinpampre non-heterosexual, queer, MOTSS 

[mintu+cinse+prami+prenu] 

mitmlu to seem to be the same as, to look just like 

[mintu+simlu] 

mitpavycinglepre homosexual 

[mintu+pa+cinse+gletu+prenu] 

mitpavycinpampre homosexual 

[mintu+pa+cinse+prami+prenu] 

mitre [tre] 〈x1 is x2 meter(s) [metric unit] in length 

(default 1) measured in direction x3 by standard x4〉 

mitsmuvla synonym [mintu+smuni+valsi] 

mivdalmuzga zoo [jmive+danlu+muzga] 

mivgau to reincarnate | resurrect someone 

[jmive+gasnu] 

mixre [mix, xre] 〈x1 (mass) is a mixture | blend | colloid 

| commingling with ingredients including x2〉 x2 mingles 

| mixes | blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient | part | 

component | element of x1 (= selxre for reordered 

places) 

mlakla dodge, avoid, sidestep [mlana+klama] 

mlana [mla] 〈x1 is to the side of | lateral to x2 and facing 

x3 from point of view | in-frame-of-reference x4〉 

mlatu [lat] 〈x1 is a cat | [puss | pussy | kitten] [feline 

animal] of species | breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline〉 

mleca [me’a, mec] 〈x1 is less than x2 in property | 

quantity x3 (ka | ni) by amount x4〉 also negative (= 

nonme’a) 

mledi [led] 〈x1 is a mold | fungus | mushrooms | truffles 

of species | strain x2 parasitic | growing on x3〉 

mlejgi vain [of appearance] [melbi+jgira] 

mlerai most beautiful [melbi+traji] 

mlibra somewhat big [milxe+barda] 

mliburna mildly embarrassed [milxe+burna] 

mlicintunta necking [milxe+cinse+tunta] 

mlifanza slightly annoyed [milxe+fanza] 

mlifrili somewhat easy [milxe+frili] 

mligapru a bit above [milxe+gapru] 

mligla warm [milxe+glare] 

mliselmabla somewhat derogated, ’rascal’ etc. 

[milxe+se+mabla] 

mlisli relatively low in tone [milxe+slilu] 

mlisnosli baritone [milxe+masno+slilu] 

mlisutsli mezzo-soprano [milxe+sutra+slilu] 

mlitoinandu somewhat difficult to do, taking some 

effort [milxe+troci+nandu] 

mlixai mildly hurting, bruising [milxe+xrani] 

mluni [lun] 〈x1 is a satellite | moon orbiting x2 with 

characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4〉 

mo [GOhA] bridi ? pro-bridi: bridi | selbri | brivla 

question 

mo’a [PA4] [mob] too few digit | number: too few; 

subjective 

mo’aroi [ROI] too few times tense interval modifier: 

too few times; objective tense; defaults as time tense 

49

mo’e mosra 

mo’e [MOhE] sumti to operand convert sumti to mex 

operand; sample use in story arithmetic: [3 apples] + [3 

apples] = what 

mo’i [MOhI] [mov] space motion mark motions in 

space-time 

mo’ibe’a [FAhA] northwardly space motion tense: 

northwardly; to the north directional space motion 

mo’ibu’u [FAhA] moving to coincide space motion 

tense: moving to coincide directional space motion 

mo’ica’u [FAhA] forward space motion tense: forward 

directional space motion 

mo’idu’a [FAhA] eastwardly space motion tense: 

eastwardly; to the east directional space motion 

mo’ifa’a [FAhA] arriving at space motion tense: 

arriving at; arriving at a point directional space motion 

mo’iga’u [FAhA] upwardly space motion tense: 

upwardly; upwards directional space motion 

mo’ine’a [FAhA] approximating space motion tense: 

approximating; moving around the neighborhood of ... 

space motion 

mo’ine’i [FAhA] into space motion tense: moving into 

directional space motion 

mo’ine’u [FAhA] southwardly space motion tense: 

southwardly; to the south directional space motion 

mo’ini’a [FAhA] downwardly space motion tense: 

downwardly; downwards directional space motion 

mo’ipa’o [FAhA] passing through space motion tense: 

passing through directional space motion 

mo’ire’o [FAhA] along space motion tense: along; 

along a path directional space motion 

mo’iri’u [FAhA] rightwardly space motion tense: 

rightwardly; to the right directional space motion 

mo’iru’u [FAhA] orbiting space motion tense: orbiting; 

surrounding | annular directional space motion 

mo’ite’e [FAhA] moving the border space motion tense: 

moving along the border directional space motion 

mo’iti’a [FAhA] rearwardsly space motion tense: 

rearwardsly; rearwards directional space motion 

mo’ito’o [FAhA] moving away from space motion 

tense: moving away from a point directional space 

motion 

mo’ivu’a [FAhA] westwardly space motion tense: 

westwardly; to the west directional space motion 

mo’ize’o [FAhA] outwardsly space motion tense: 

outwardsly; outward directional space motion 

50 

mo’izo’a [FAhA] passing by space motion tense: 

passing by a site directional space motion 

mo’izo’i [FAhA] approaching space motion tense: 

approaching directional space motion 

mo’izu’a [FAhA] leftwardsly space motion tense: 

leftwardsly; to the left directional space motion 

mo’o [MAI] section ordinal higher-order utterance 

ordinal suffix; converts a number to ordinal, usually a 

section | chapter 

mo’u [ZAhO] completive interval event contour: at the 

natural ending point of ...; completive — ¿—¡ 

moi [MOI] [moi, mom] ordinal selbri convert number to 

ordinal selbri; x1 is (n)th member of set x2 ordered by 

rule x3 

mojgau remind [morji+gasnu] 

mojmau has a better memory than [morji+zmadu] 

mojypei to reminisce about [morji+pensi] 

mokca [moc] 〈x1 is a point | instant | moment 

[0-dimensional shape | form] in | on | at time | place x2〉 

x1 is dimensionless 

moklu [mo’u, mol] 〈x1 is a | the mouth | oral cavity 

[body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance | intake for 

consumption)〉 (adjective:) x1 is oral 

molgapru palate [moklu+gapru] 

molgle oral sex [moklu+gletu] 

molki [mlo] 〈x1 is a mill | foundry | industrial plant | 

[assembly line] performing process x2〉 (unlike fanri,) 

need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), 

grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca’a) 

molro [mo’o] 〈x1 is x2 mole(s) [metric unit] in 

substance (default is 1) by standard x3〉 

monmuprai model [of behaviour] [morna+mupli+traji] 

morji [mo’i, moj] 〈x1 remembers | recalls | recollects 

fact(s) | memory x2 (du’u) about subject x3〉 

morko [mor] 〈x1 reflects Moroccan culture | nationality 

in aspect x2〉 

morna [mo’a, mon] 〈x1 is | reflects | represents a pattern 

of forms | events x2 arranged according to structure x3〉 

x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, or the more abstract 

= termonsi’o); image (= gusmo’a, nenmo’a, dairmo’a, 

selylenmo’a, selmirmo’a, velmirmo’a, but also all of 

these -tai instead of -mo’a for the ideal) 

morsi [mro] 〈x1 is dead | has ceased to be alive〉 die | 

mortal (= mrobi’o, co’urji’e) 

mosra [mos] 〈x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due 

to contact | rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3〉

mosycpu mupli 

also x2 scrubs | wipes | brushes (against) x3 (= 

seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra) 

mosycpu to drag [mosra+lacpu] 

mraji 〈x1 is a quantity of rye [grain] of species | strain 

x2〉 

mrajymledi rye-mold [mraji+mledi] 

mrilu [mri] 〈x1 mails | posts [transfer via intermediary 

service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier | network | system 

x5〉 also x4 post office, mailbox 

mriste mailing list [mrilu+liste] 

mrocanci to die away [morsi+canci] 

mrofanta life-preserving [morsi+fanta] 

mrofoi cemetery [morsi+foldi] 

mroruxpre ghost [morsi+pruxi+prenu] 

mrospe widow | er [morsi+speni] 

mrostu grave [morsi+stuzi] 

mrovau coffin [morsi+vasru] 

mruli [mru] 〈x1 [tool] is a hammer for | hammers x2 

[target] consisting of weight | head x3 propelled by x4〉 

mu [PA1] [mum] 5 digit | number: 5 (digit) [five] 

mu’a [UI3] for example discursive: for example - 

omitting - end examples mupli 

mu’acu’i [UI3] omitting examples discursive: for 

example - omitting - end examples 

mu’anai [UI3] concluding examples discursive: for 

example - omitting - end examples 

mu’e [NU1] [muf] point-event abstract abstractor: 

achievement (event) abstractor; x1 is the event-as-a-point 

| achievement of [bridi] 

mu’i [BAI] because of motive mukti modal, 1st place 

because of motive ... 

mu’i ma [BAI] with what motive? sumti question 

asking for a motive; why? 

mu’inai [BAI] despite motive mukti modal, 1st place 

despite motive ... 

mu’o [COI] over vocative: over (response OK) - more 

to come 

mu’onai [COI] more to come vocative: over (response 

OK) - more to come 

mu’u [BAI] exemplified by mupli modal, 1st place 

exemplified by ... 

muclai spoonful [smuci+klani] 

mucti [mut] 〈x1 is immaterial | not physical | without 

material form〉 

mudbli block of wood [mudri+bliku] 

mudri [mud] 〈x1 is a quantity of | is made of | contains 

wood | lumber from tree(s) of type | species x2〉 

mudyctijalra termite [mudri+citka+jalra] 

mudyfagri wood fire [mudri+fagri] 

mudypexsilka rayon [mudri+pesxu+silka] 

mudyselcrepu timber [mudri+se+crepu] 

muki’o [PA] 5,000 number | quantity: 5,000 expressed 

with comma 

mukti [mu’i, muk] 〈x1 (action | event | state) motivates | 

is a motive | incentive for action | event x2, per volition 

of x3〉 also; x3 is motivated to bring about result | goal | 

objective x2 by x1 (= termu’i for reordered places); (note 

that ’under conditions’ BAI may apply and be 

appropriately added to the main predicate level or within 

the x2 action level) 

mukygei motivatedly-happy [mukti+gleki] 

mulbri complete predicate [mulno+bridi] 

mulgau to complete some action [mulno+gasnu] 

mulgri a complete set, with no parts missing [e.g. deck 

of cards] [mulno+girzu] 

mulno [mu’o, mul] 〈x1 (event) is complete | done | 

finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by 

standard x3〉 also perfected, entirety; (adverb | adjective:) 

entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, 

entirely 

mumcte Friday night [nighttime] [re+nicte] 

mumdei Friday (daytime | nighttime non-specific) 

[re+djedi] 

mumei [MOI] is a quintet quantifier selbri: convert 5 to 

cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the quintet of members x2 

mumoi [MOI] is fifth among quantified selbri: convert 5 

to ordinal selbri; x1 is fifth among x2 ordered by rule x3 

mumvanbi Friday evening [re+vanbi] 

munje [mu’e, muj] 〈x1 is a universe | cosmos [complete 

and ordered entirety] of domain | sphere x2 defined by 

rules x3〉 also world; a universe is a kind of system, one 

which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 

’universe of discourse’, or ’world of birds’; x3 are the 

rules | defining principles which distinguish the universe 

from other universes, or from non-universe 

muno [PA] 50 number | quantity: 50 [fifty] 

munono [PA] 500 number | quantity: 500 [five hundred] 

mupli [mup] 〈x1 is an example | sample | specimen | 

instance | case | illustration of common property(s) x2 of 

51

murse nanba 

set x3〉 

murse 〈x1 is the [astronomical] twilight | dawn | dusk | 

half-light | glimmering of day x2 at location x3〉 morning 

twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= 

vacmurse) 

murta [mu’a, mur] 〈x1 is a curtain | blinds | drapes for 

covering | obscuring aperture x2, and made of material 

x3〉 

muslo [mus] 〈x1 pertains to the Islamic | Moslem | 

Koranic [Quranic] culture | religion | nation in aspect x2〉 

also Muslim 

musmalsi mosque [muslo+malsi] 

mutce [tce] 〈x1 is much | extreme in property x2 (ka), 

towards x3 extreme | direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3〉 also 

very, pretty, a lot, immoderate | immoderately, intense, 

quite, extremely 

muvdu [mu’u, muv] 〈x1 (object) moves to destination | 

receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path | route x4〉 

also mobile (= comymu’u, for the non-specific opposite 

of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from | no 

longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per 

litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu’e), 

non-agentive transitive move (= muvri’a), self-propelled 

(= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= 

pagmu’u), having a moving part (= muvypau, 

muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu’u) 

muzga [muz] 〈x1 is a museum for preserving [and 

possibly exhibiting] x2 at location x3〉 

my [BY2] m letteral for m 

na [NA] [nar] bridi negator bridi contradictory negator; 

scope is an entire bridi; logically negates in some cmavo 

compounds 

na’a [BY1] cancel shifts cancel all letteral shifts 

na’e [NAhE] [nal] scalar contrary contrary scalar 

negator: other than ...; not ...; a scale or set is implied 

na’efa’a [FAhA] not towards point space direction: not 

towards specified point, contrary negation; direction 

modal 

na’epu’i [CAhA] has never modal aspect: has never, 

and perhaps cannot; other-than-demonstrated-ability 

na’i [UI3a] metalinguistic not discursive: metalinguistic 

negator naldra, nalmapti 

na’o [TAhE] typically tense interval modifier: 

characteristically | typically; tense | modal; defaults as 

time tense 

52 

na’onai [TAhE] atypically tense interval modifier: 

atypically; subjective tense | modal; defaults as time 

tense 

na’u [NAhU] selbri to operator convert selbri to mex 

operator; used to create less-used operators using le’avla, 

lujvo, etc. 

na.a [A] sumti only if logical connective: sumti 


nabmi [nam] 〈x1 (event | state) is a problem to | 

encountered by x2 in situation | task | inquiry x3〉 also: 

x1 requires consideration by x2 

nabysmi cake, anything resembling bread 

[nanba+simsa] 

nabysnuji bread sandwich [nanba+snuji] 

nabzba baker [nanba+zbasu] 

nadmau more difficult [nandu+zmadu] 

nadrai most difficult [nandu+traji] 

nafmupli exception [natfe+mupli] 

nagi’a [GIhA] bridi only if logical connective: bridi-tail 


nago’i [GOhA] deny last bridi selbri: repeats preceding 

bridi while denying it as false; pro-assign values are 

unchanged 

nai [NAI] negate last word attached to cmavo to negate 

them; various negation-related meanings 

nairbau national language, ethnic language 

[natmi+bangu] 

naiske ethnology [natmi+saske] 

naja [JA] tanru only if logical connective: tanru-internal 


nakni [nak] 〈x1 is a male | buck of species x2 

evidencing masculine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine〉 

nakspe husband [nakni+speni] 

naktro patriarch [nakni+jitro] 

naktru patriarch [nakni+turni] 

nakybakni bull [nakni+bakni] 

nakydzetru patriarch [nakni+dzena+turni] 

nakyganti testicles [nakni+ganti] 

nalci [na’i] 〈x1 is a | the wing [body-part] of x2; 

[metaphor: lateral supporting surface]〉 

namcu [na’u, nac] 〈x1 (li) is a number | quantifier | digit 

| value | figure (noun); refers to the value and not the 

symbol〉 

nanba [nab] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains bread 

[leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2〉

nanca nicte 

nanca [na’a] 〈x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 

year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual〉 this year 

(= cabna’a); next year (= bavlamna’a); last year (= 

prulamna’a) 

nandu [nad] 〈x1 is difficult | hard | challenging for x2 

under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2〉 

nanla 〈x1 is a boy | lad [young male person] of age x2 

immature by standard x3〉 word dispreferred in metaphor 

| example as sexist; (use verba) 

nanmerko southern US, the South [snanu+merko] 

nanmu [nau] 〈x1 is a man | men; x1 is a male humanoid 

person [not necessarily adult]〉 word dispreferred in 

metaphor | example as sexist; (use remna or prenu) 

nanstici south west [snanu+stici] 

nanstuna south east [snanu+stuna] 

nanvi [nav] 〈x1 is a billionth | thousand-millionth 

[1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension | aspect x3 (default is 

units)〉 

narge [nag] 〈x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] 

from plant | species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4〉 also 

x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering) 

narju [naj] 〈x1 is orange [color adjective]〉 

natfe [na’e, naf] 〈x1 (du’u) contradicts | denies | refutes | 

negates x2 (du’u) under rules | logic x3〉 also exception 

(= nafmupli); agentive contradict | deny (= nafxu’a or 

tolxu’a) 

natmi [nai, nat] 〈x1 is a nation | ethnic group of peoples 

x2; [people sharing a history | culture]〉 

natpau tribes [of Israel], clans (NOT territories) 

[natmi+pagbu] 

nau [CUhE] reference point tense: refers to current 

space | time reference absolutely 

naudre heap of men [nanmu+derxi] 

navni 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of inert 

gas of type x2 [neon | argon | radon | xenon]〉 

naxle [nax, xle] 〈x1 is a canal | channel to x2 from x3 

with route x4〉 x2 | x3 may be unordered 

nazbi [naz, zbi] 〈x1 is the nose [body-part] of x2 with 

nostril(s) | nasal passage(s) x3; [metaphor: protrusion]〉 

also (adjective:) nasal 

ne [GOI] incidental phrase non-restrictive relative 

phrase marker: which incidentally is associated with ... 

ne’a [FAhA3] next to location tense relation | direction; 

approximating | next to ... 

ne’i [FAhA3] within location tense relation | direction; 

within | inside of | into ... 

ne’o [VUhU3] factorial unary mathematical operator: 

factorial; a! 

ne’u [FAhA1] south of location tense relation | 

direction; south of 

nebykoi neck edge [clothing] [cnebo+korbi] 

nei [GOhA] current bridi pro-bridi: repeats the current 

bridi 

neizma prefers, likes X more than Y does 

[nelci+zmadu] 

nejni [nen] 〈x1 is energy of type x2 in form x3〉 ray | 

beam (= nenli’i) 

nelci [nei, nel] 〈x1 is fond of | likes | has a taste for x2 

(object | state)〉 

nenri [ne’i, ner] 〈x1 is in | inside | within x2; x1 is on the 

inside | interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2]〉 

indicates total containment 

nenxaksu energy-consuming [nejni+xaksu] 

nercreka singlet, undershirt [nenri+creka] 

nerfle to flow in [nenri+flecu] 

nerkla to enter [nenri+klama] 

ni [NU] [nil] amount abstract abstractor: quantity | 

amount abstractor; x1 is quantity | amount of [bridi] 

measured on scale x2 

ni’a [FAhA2] below location tense relation | direction; 

downwards | down from ... 

ni’e [NIhE] selbri to operand convert selbri to mex 

operand; used to create new non-numerical quantifiers; 

e.g. ”herd” of oxen 

ni’i [BAI] because of logic nibli modal, 1st place 

logically; logically because ... 

ni’i ma [BAI] by what logic? sumti question asking for 

a logical proof; why? 

ni’inai [BAI] despite logic nibli modal, 1st place despite 

logic ... 

ni’o [NIhO] new topic discursive: paragraph break; 

introduce new topic 

ni’u [PA3] negative number digit | number: minus sign; 

negative number); default any negative 

nibgei logically necessitated to be happy [nibli+gleki] 

nibli [ni’i, nib] 〈x1 logically necessitates | entails | 

implies action | event | state x2 under rules | logic system 

x3〉 

nibypoi logical implications [nibli+porsi] 

nicte [cte] 〈x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; 

(adjective:) x1 is at night | nocturnal〉 tonight (= 

53

nicygai norge 

cabycte); tomorrow night (= bavlamcte, even when 

tonight is still in the future); last night (= prulamcte) 

nicygai to cover something neatly [e.g. spread the table] 

[cnici+gacri] 

nicygau to order, to sort [cnici+gasnu] 

nikle [nik] 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity of 

nickel | other metal resistant to oxidation〉 

nilce [ni’e] 〈x1 [furniture items] furnishes x2 [location] 

serving purpose | function x3〉 

nilcitmidju is in the middle as far as age is concerned 

(e.g. neither the oldest nor the youngest of three 

children) [ni+citno+midju] 

nilcre expertise [ni+certu] 

niljigrau A single grade of winnitude [ni+jinga+gradu] 

nilsau age; more pertinently, familiarity [ni+slabu] 

niltermakfa spell level [of role playing games] 

[ni+te+makfa] 

nimcre blouse [ladies’ shirt] [ninmu+certu] 

nimjizdunkri feminism [ninmu+jinzi+dunli+krici] 

nimnaujizdunkri feminism 

[ninmu+nanmu+jinzi+dunli+krici] 

nimre 〈x1 is a quantity of citrus [fruit | tree, etc.] of 


ninmu [ni’u, nim] 〈x1 is a woman | women; x1 is a 

female humanoid person [not necessarily adult]〉 word 

dispreferred in metaphor | example as sexist; (use remna 

or prenu) 

ninpengau to introduce someone to someone else 

[cnino+penmi+gasnu] 

ninrai newest [cnino+traji] 

ninselkakpa newly-dug [cnino+se+kakpa] 

ninzba to create [cnino+zbasu] 

nipsri cellotape, cellophane tape [snipa+dasri] 

nipsrisro cellotape holder | dispenser 

[snipa+dasri+sorcu] 

nirna [nir] 〈x1 is a nerve | neuron [body-part] of x2; 

[metaphor: information | control network connection]〉 

also (adjective:) x1 is neural 

nitcpare to climb down [cnita+cpare] 

nitcu [tcu] 〈x1 needs | requires | is dependent on | 

[wants] necessity x2 for purpose | action | stage of 

process x3〉 no implication of lack 

nitflevoi to float down [using parachute] 

[cnita+flecu+vofli] 

nitkla descend [go underneath something] 

[cnita+klama] 

54 

nitkro stooped [of body], bent down [cnita+korcu] 

nivji [niv] 〈x1 (agent) knits x2 [cloth | object] from yarn 

| thread x3〉 

nixli [nix, xli] 〈x1 is a girl [young female person] of age 

x2 immature by standard x3〉 word dispreferred in 

metaphor | example as sexist; (use verba) 

no [PA1] [non] digit | number: 0 (digit) [zero] 

no’a [GOhA] next outer bridi pro-bridi: repeats the 

bridi in which this one is embedded 

no’e [NAhE] [no’e, nor] scalar midpoint not midpoint 

scalar negator: neutral point between je’a and to’e; ”not 

really” 

no’i [NIhO] old topic discursive: paragraph break; 

resume previous topic 

no’o [PA5] typical value digit | number: typical | 

average value 

no’u [GOI] incidental identity non-restrictive appositive 

phrase marker: which incidentally is the same thing as ... 

nobli [no’i, nol] 〈x1 is noble | aristocratic | elite | 

high-born | titled in | under culture | society | standard 

x2〉 also upper-class; high | low, upper | lower are poor 

Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the 

title | nobility is not recognized culture | society wide; 

this would include self-assumed titles 

noda [KOhA] nothing at all logically quantified sumti: 

nothing at all (unless restricted) 

noi [NOI] incidental clause non-restrictive relative 

clause; attaches subordinate bridi with incidental 

information 

nolnei royalist, aristrocratist [nobli+nelci] 

nolrai king [especially as ’primus inter pares’] 

[nobli+traji] 

nolrainanla prince [nobli+traji+nanla] 

nolraitru king [nobli+traji+turni] 

nolraixli princess [nobli+traji+nixli] 

nolraizda palace [nobli+traji+zdani] 

nolzda palace [not necessarily royal] [nobli+zdani] 

nomo’o [MAI] section 0 discursive utterance ordinal: 

zeroth section | chapter ordinal; foreword 

noncte Sunday night [nighttime] [no+nicte] 

nondei Sunday (daytime | nighttime non-specific) 

[no+djedi] 

nonmau positive [numerically] [no+zmadu] 

nonvanbi Sunday evening [no+vanbi] 

norge [nor, nog] 〈x1 is norwegian in aspect x2〉 lkjadfklj 

lkjasdfj

noroi .o’u 

noroi [ROI] never tense interval modifier: never; 


notci [noi, not] 〈x1 is a message | notice | memorandum 

about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4〉 

emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject 

(contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the 

single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience 

is less defined - indeed only an ’intended’ audience. 

xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its 

corresponding place is for ’content’); reminder | memo | 

note (= mojnoi) 

notcreka T-shirt with a slogan on it [notci+creka] 

notcrida angel, messenger spirit [notci+crida] 

nu [NU] [nun] event abstract abstractor: generalized 

event abstractor; x1 is state | process | achievement | 

activity of [bridi] 

nu’a [NUhA] operator to selbri convert mathematical 

expression (mex) operator to a selbri | tanru component 

nu’e [COI] promise vocative: promise - promise release 

- un-promise 

nu’ecu’i [COI] release from promise vocative: promise 

- promise release - un-promise 

nu’enai [COI] non-promise vocative: promise - 

promise release - un-promise 

nu’i [NUhI] start termset start termset construct; marks 

start of place structure set with logical connection 

nu’o [CAhA] [nu’o] can but has not modal aspect: can 

but has not; unrealized potential 

nu’u [NUhU] end termset elidable terminator: end 

termset; usually elidable except with following sumti 

nujdja sandwich as food [snuji+cidja] 

nukni [nuk] 〈x1 is magenta | fuchsia | purplish-red 

[color adjective]〉 

nunlejnei spendthrift [nu+pleji+nelci] 

nunmroruxpre Angel of Death, Grim Reaper 

[nu+morsi+pruxi+prenu] 

nunmrostu place of death, as opposed to mrostu 

[nu+morsi+stuzi] 

nunpencku appointment book, diary [nu+penmi+cukta] 

nunposnei greedy, rapacious [nu+ponse+nelci] 

nunseltickri suspicious [of there being trickery] 

[nu+se+tcica+krici] 

nunsladansu ball [dance] [nu+salci+dansu] 

nunsoidji to want to become a soldier (as opposed to 

soidji) [nu+sonci+djica] 

nunsolcanci sunset [nu+solri+canci] 

nunterlejnei greedy [nu+te+pleji+nelci] 

nunxumsne ’trip’, drug-induced hallucination 

[nu+xukmi+senva] 

nupre [nu’e, nup] 〈x1 (agent) promises | commits | 

assures | threatens x2 (event | state) to x3 [beneficiary | 

victim]〉 

nurcau treacherous, unsafe [snura+claxu] 

nurgau protect, safeguard [snura+gasnu] 

nurma [num] 〈x1 is a rural | rustic | pastoral area of x2; 

x1 is in the country〉 

nurprecau orphaned, deprived of any guardian 

[snura+prenu+claxu] 

nutli [nu’i, nul] 〈x1 is neutral | not taking sides | medial | 

not towards any extreme on scale | in dissension x2〉 also 

x2 dispute | struggle (though x2 is not limited to 

disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of 

scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial 

position) 

nuzba [nuz] 〈x1 (du’u) is news | tidings | new 

information about subject x2 from source x3, to observer 

x4〉 

nuzyxagji hungry [for news] [nuzba+xagji] 

ny [BY2] n letteral for n 

.o [A] sumti iff logical connective: sumti afterthought 

biconditional | iff | if-and-only-if 

.o’a [UI1] pride attitudinal: pride - modesty | humility - 

shame jgira, cumla, ckeji 

.o’acu’i [UI1] modesty attitudinal: pride - modesty | 

humility - shame 

.o’anai [UI1] shame attitudinal: pride - modesty | 

humility - shame 

.o’e [UI1] closeness attitudinal: closeness - distance 

cnijbi, cnikansa 

.o’enai [UI1] distance attitudinal: closeness - distance 

.o’i [UI1] caution attitudinal: caution - rashness 

capyrivbi, capfanta, srerivbi, srefanta, naldarsi, seljde 

.o’inai [UI1] rashness attitudinal: caution - rashness 

.o’o [UI1] patience attitudinal: patience - mere tolerance 

- anger (cf. fengu, to’ersteba, de’acni 

.o’ocu’i [UI1] mere tolerance attitudinal: patience - 

mere tolerance - anger 

.o’onai [UI1] anger attitudinal: patience - mere 

tolerance - anger 

.o’u [UI1] relaxation attitudinal: relaxation - composure 

- stress surla, cnilanxe, dunku 

55

.o’ucu’i pambasti 

.o’ucu’i [UI1] composure attitudinal: relaxation - 

composure - stress 

.o’unai [UI1] stress attitudinal: relaxation - composure - 

stress 

.obu [BY] o letteral for o 

.oi [UI1] complaint attitudinal: complaint - pleasure 

pante, pluka, kufra 

.oinai [UI1] pleasure attitudinal: complaint - pleasure 

.oire’e [UI1] spiritual complaint attitudinal: spiritual | 

religious complaint 

.oiro’a [UI1] embarrassment attitudinal: social 

complaint 

.oiro’e [UI1] puzzlement attitudinal: mental complaint 

(puzzlement, excess mental work) 

.oiro’i [UI1] anxiety attitudinal: emotional complaint 

.oiro’o [UI1] physical pain attitudinal: physical 

complaint 

.oiro’u [UI1] sexual complaint attitudinal: sexual 

complaint 

.onai [A] sumti xor logical connective: sumti 


pa [PA1] [pav] 1 digit | number: 1 (digit) [one] 

pa’a [BAI] in addition to panra modal, 1st place 

(parallel; shared property) similarly; in addition to ... 

pa’aku [BAI] each respectively sumti: explicitly marks 

respective use as in ”THEY read THEIR (respective) 

books” 

pa’e [UI3] justice discursive: justice - prejudice 

tcinydracu’a, tcinydrapai, vudypai 

pa’enai [UI3] prejudice discursive: justice - prejudice 

pa’i [VUhU2] ratio binary mathematical operator: ratio; 

[the ratio of a to b] 

pa’o [FAhA3] transfixing location tense relation | 

direction; transfixing | passing through ... 

pa’u [BAI] having component pagbu modal, 1st place 

having component ... 

pabi [PA] 18 number | quantity: 18 [eighteen] 

paci [PA] 13 number | quantity: 13 [thirteen] 

pacna [pa’a] 〈x1 hopes | wishes for | desires x2 (event), 

expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens〉 

also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as 

hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate 

of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant 

of whether pacna means ’hope’ or ’wish’ or ’expect’: 

hoping for objects | states with negligible expectation is 

”wishing”; if the state is plausibly likely, it is ”hoping”; 

56 

when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is 

described as ”expecting”; the value will usually be 

expressed using inexact numbers (”li piso’u” to ”li 

piro”); wish (= sotpa’a), hope (= sorpa’a), expect (= 

sojypa’a) 

pacraistu Hell [palci+traji+stuzi] 

pacruxpre demon [palci+pruxi+prenu] 

pacruxtutra Hell [palci+pruxi+tutra] 

pacyxlu to tempt [palci+xlura] 

pafspe stepmother, spouse of father of... [patfu+speni] 

pagbu [pag, pau] 〈x1 is a part | component | piece | 

portion | segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole | mass]; x2 

is partly x1〉 partly (= selpau) 

pagre [gre] 〈x1 passes through | penetrates barrier | 

medium | portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin 

side x4〉 passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, 

pagre ... .i so’ivo’ivo’u (and vice versa)) 

pai [PA5] pi digit | number: pi (approximately 3.1416...) 

pajni [pai] 〈x1 judges | referees | arbitrates | is a judge 

determining | deciding matter x2 (abstract)〉 x2 includes 

jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate 

(kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee | arbitrate (faurpai); 

single events of judging including specific decisions | 

judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, 

vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury 

(= kamnypai, as part of mass x1) 

paki’o [PA] 1,000 number | quantity: 1,000 expressed 

with comma 

pakskaci pant-skirt [palku+skaci] 

palcau without profit, for free [prali+claxu] 

palci [pac] 〈x1 is evil | depraved | wicked [morally bad] 

by standard x2〉 

palku [pak] 〈x1 are pants | trousers | slacks | leggings 

[legged garment] of material x2〉 

palne 〈x1 is a tray | platter | flat container [pan | sheet | 

griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3〉 also 

pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the 

ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a 

rim, and is generally portable 

palta 〈x1 is a plate | dish | platter | saucer [flat | mildly 

concave food service bed] made of material x2〉 

paltydamri cymbal [palta+damri] 

pamai [MAI] firstly discursive: first utterance ordinal 

pambasti love-substitute [prami+basti]

pambe pavmeijbe 

pambe 〈x1 is a pump | injector [tool | apparatus] 

pumping | inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5〉 

x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump 

generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a 

place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure 

pamei [MOI] is singular quantified selbri: convert 1 to 

cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with single | sole | only 

member x2 

pamnabmi the problem that is love [prami+nabmi] 

pamo’o [MAI] section 1 discursive utterance ordinal: 

first section | chapter ordinal 

pamoi [MOI] is first among quantified selbri: convert 1 

to ordinal selbri; x1 is first among x2 ordered by rule x3 

pampemyzba erotic poet [prami+pemci+zbasu] 

pamu [PA] 15 number | quantity: 15 [fifteen] 

pamyzautra romantic [prami+zanru+tarti] 

panci [pan] 〈x1 is an odor | fragrance | scent | smell 

emitted by x2 and detected by observer | sensor x3〉 an 

undetected emitter is odorless to the observer 

pandi [pad] 〈x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with 

symbol | word x3 with syntactic | semantic effect x4〉 

panje 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of sponge 

| porous material〉 also metaphorically used for coral, 

Swiss cheese 

panka 〈x1 is a park | land reserve managed by 

community | polity | company x2 for purpose x3〉 

panlo [pa’o] 〈x1 is a slice [thin flat portion] of x2 

(mass)〉 

pano [PA] 10 number | quantity: 10 [ten] 

panomei [MOI] is a decade quantifier selbri: convert 10 

to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the decade of members 

x2 

panomoi [MOI] is tenth among quantified selbri: 

convert 10 to ordinal selbri; x1 is tenth among x2 ordered 

by rule x3 

panono [PA] 100 number | quantity: 100 [one hundred] 

panonomei [MOI] is a century quantifier selbri: convert 

100 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the century of 

members x2 

panpi [pap] 〈x1 is at peace with x2〉 

panra 〈x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; 

jo’u | fa’u term) by standard | geometry x4〉 also: x1 is 

parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and 

x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike | 

similar | [congruent 

pante [pat] 〈x1 protests | objects to | complains about x2 

(event | state) to audience x3 with action x4〉 

panzi [paz] 〈x1 is a [biological] offspring | child | kid | 

hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial〉 

papa [PA] 11 number | quantity: 11 [eleven] 

papcpi peace-bird, dove [panpi+cipni] 

papkufra content [panpi+kufra] 

papri 〈x1 is a [physical] page | leaf of book | document 

| bound mass of pages x2〉 numbered pages (as in a book) 

are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a 

pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai) 

paprysfe page as quantity of text [papri+sefta] 

paprysfelai page as quantity of text [papri+sefta+klani] 

papygei serene [panpi+gleki] 

parbi [pab] 〈x1 (me’o, fraction) is a ratio | rate of x2 

(quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3]〉 also x1 

fraction | proportion | quotient; x2 dividend | numerator; 

x3 divisor | denominator 

pare [PA] 12 number | quantity: 12 [twelve] 

paremei [MOI] is a dozen quantified selbri: convert 12 

to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with a dozen members x2 

paroi [ROI] once tense interval modifier: once; 


paso [PA] 19 number | quantity: 19 [nineteen] 

paspalku coveralls [pastu+palku] 

pastu [pas] 〈x1 is a robe | tunic | gown | cloak | dress | 

[coveralls] [a long | full body garment] of material x2〉 

also coveralls (= paspalku) 

pasyskaci dress | gown [full length garment] 

[pastu+skaci] 

patfu [pa’u, paf] 〈x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets | sires | 

acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological]〉 

patlu 〈x1 is a potato [an edible tuber] of variety | 

cultivar x2〉 

patpai to blame [pante+pajni] 

patxu [pax] 〈x1 is a pot | kettle | urn | tub | sink, a deep 

container for contents x2, of material | properties x3〉 

patydzu go on protest march [pante+cadzu] 

pau [UI3a] question follows discursive: optional 

question premarker preti 

paunai [UI3] rhetorical question discursive: unreal | 

rhetorical question follows 

pavdei Monday (daytime | nighttime non-specific) 

[pa+djedi] 

pavdeicitsi aniversary day [pa+djedi+citsi] 

pavmeijbe only-begotten [pa+mei+jbena] 

57

pavmoijbe pijne 

pavmoijbe first-born [pamoi+jbena] 

pavo [PA] 14 number | quantity: 14 [fourteen] 

pavycinglepre monosexual [non-bisexual] 

[pa+cinse+gletu+prenu] 

pavycinpampre monosexual [non-bisexual] 

[pa+cinse+prami+prenu] 

pavycte Monday night [nighttime] [pa+nicte] 

pavysei alone [pa+sepli] 

pavyseljirna unicorn [pa+se+jirna] 

pavyskojmavra una corda pedal of piano 

[pa+skori+jamfu+vraga] 

pavyvanbi Monday evening [pa+vanbi] 

pavyvla single word [pa+valsi] 

paxa [PA] 16 number | quantity: 16 [sixteen] 

paze [PA] 17 number | quantity: 17 [seventeen] 

pazvau pregnant [panzi+vasru] 

pazyspe son-in-law, daughter-in-law [panzi+speni] 

pazysperirni offspring’s parent in law, consuegro | a 

[panzi+speni+rirni] 

pe [GOI] restrictive phrase restrictive relative phrase 

marker: which is associated with ...; loosest associative | 

possessive 

pe’a [PEhA] [pev] start figurative start figurative 

(non-literal) speech | text 

pe’i [UI2] I opine evidential: I opine jinvi 

pe’o [PEhO] fore mex operator forethought flag for 

mathematical expression (mex) Polish (forethought) 

operator 

pe’u [COI] please vocative: please 

peckevgai pad of wind instrument [pencu+kevna+gacri] 

pectcu need to touch [pencu+nitcu] 

pedrai to make feel welcome, to be as nice as can be to; 

to be someone’s best friend [pendo+traji] 

pei [CAI] emotion ? attitudinal: attitudinal question; 

how do you feel about it? with what intensity? 

peitse to sit thinking [pensi+zutse] 

pelji [ple] 〈x1 is paper from source x2〉 sheet of paper (= 

plekarda if shape is important, plebo’o) 

pelnimre lemon [pelxu+nimre] 

pelselkre blond [person] [pelxu+se+kerfa] 

pelxu [pel] 〈x1 is yellow | golden [color adjective]〉 

pemci [pem] 〈x1 is a poem | verse about plot | theme | 

subject | pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience 

x4〉 x2 may be a convention rather than a subject 

pempau canto, section of poem [pemci+pagbu] 

pempra to write poems [pemci+cupra] 

58 

penbi [peb] 〈x1 is a pen using ink x2 applied by process 

x3〉 

pencu [pe’u, pec] 〈x1 (agent) touches x2 with x3 [a 

locus on x1 or an instrument] at x4 [a locus on x2]〉 

pendo [pe’o, ped] 〈x1 is | acts as a friend of | to x2 

(experiencer); x2 befriends x1〉 

pengri group meeting, group gettogether [penmi+girzu] 

penmi [pe’i, pen] 〈x1 meets | encounters x2 at | in 

location x3〉 

pensi [pei, pes] 〈x1 thinks | considers | cogitates | 

reasons | is pensive about | reflects upon subject | 

concept x2〉 also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is 

mental (one sense) | intellectual (one sense) (= selpei) 

perli [per] 〈x1 is a pear [fruit] of species | strain x2〉 

pesrei mental question, to ask oneself [pensi+preti] 

pesxu [pex] 〈x1 is paste | pulp | dough | mash | mud | 

slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition 

x2〉 x2: composition including x2, which need not be 

complete specification 

petso [pet] 〈x1 is 1x10**15 of x2 in dimension | aspect 


pezli [pez] 〈x1 is a leaf of plant x2; x1 is foliage of x2〉 

pezyfaltricu deciduous tree [pezli+farlu+tricu] 

pezysigja cigar [pezli+sigja] 

pi [PA3] [piz] decimal point digit | number: radix 

(number base) point; default decimal 

pi’a [VUhU4] matrix of rows n-ary mathematical 

operator: operands are vectors to be treated as matrix 

rows 

pi’e [PA3] digit separator digit | number:separates digits 

for base ¿16, not current standard, or variable (e.g. time, 

date) 

pi’i [VUhU1] times n-ary mathematical operator: times; 

multiplication operator; [(((a * b) * c) * ...)] 

pi’o [BAI] used by pilno modal, 1st place used by ... 

pi’u [JOI] [piv] cross product non-logical connective: 

cross product; Cartesian product of sets 

pibrango gonad [plibu+rango] 

picti [pic] 〈x1 is a trillionth [1x10**-12] of x2 in 


pidrai poorest [pindi+traji] 

pidu’e [PA] too much of number: too much of 

piji’i [PA] approximately all of number: approximately 

all of 

pijne 〈x1 is a pin | peg (needle-shaped tool) for 

fastening to | piercing x2, of material | properties x3〉

pijvri pleji 

pijvri heroic, model citizen [prije+virnu] 

pijvritra to behave heroically, exemplary 

[prije+virnu+tarti] 

pikci 〈x1 begs | pleads | supplicates | entreats | implores 

| beseeches | prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3〉 

piksku to comment [pinka+cusku] 

pikta 〈x1 is a ticket entitling x2 to entitlement | 

privilege x3 (event | state) under conditions x4〉 

pilji [pi’i] 〈x1 is the product | total | result of factors | 

multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3〉 

pilka [pi’a, pil] 〈x1 is a crust | rind | peel | skin | hide | 

outer cover of x2〉 

pilno [pli] 〈x1 uses | employs x2 [tool, apparatus, 

machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3〉 

also utilize; x2 is useful | used productively by x1 to do 

x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire | employ (= 

le’ipli, lejyplicu’a) 

pimlu [pi’u, pim] 〈x1 is a | the feather | plume(s) | 

plumage [body-part] of animal | species x2〉 

pimo’a [PA] too little of number: too little of 

pimselpezli fern [pimlu+se+pezli] 

pimucu’o [MOI] has even odds quantified selbri: 

convert .5 to probability selbri; event x1 has a 50 | 50 

chance under cond. x2 

pinca 〈x1 is a | the urine | piss | pee of x2〉 

pindi [pid] 〈x1 is poor | indigent | impoverished | lacking 

in goods | possessions | property x2〉 x2 is scanty | 

meager | lacking for x1 

pinflani transverse flute [pinta+flani] 

pinfu [pif] 〈x1 is a prisoner | captive of x2, restrained | 

held | confined by means | force x3〉 

pinji 〈x1 is a | the clitoris | penis [projecting 

reproductive organ; body-part] of x2〉 normally context 

eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= 

nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji) 

pinjydakli condom [pinji+dakli] 

pinjymolgle fellatio [pinji+moklu+gletu] 

pinka [pik] 〈x1 (text) is a comment | remark | 

observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience 

x4〉 also: x3 comments | remarks | says x1 about x2 (= 

terselpinka for reordered places) 

pinsi [pis] 〈x1 is a pencil | crayon | stylus applying lead | 

marking material x2, frame | support [of material] x3〉 

also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to 

display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil 

(= tabypinsi) 

pinta [pin] 〈x1 is flat | level | horizontal in gravity | 

frame of reference x2〉 

pinxe [pix] 〈x1 (agent) drinks | imbibes beverage | drink 

| liquid refreshment x2 from | out-of container | source 

x3〉 

pipcinki grasshopper [plipe+cinki] 

pipno [pi’o] 〈x1 is a piano | harpsichord | synthesizer | 

organ; a keyboard musical instrument〉 

pipybanfi frog [plipe+banfi] 

pipyjalra grasshopper [plipe+jalra] 

piresi’e [MOI] is a fifth portion quantified selbri: 

convert .2 = 1 | 5 to portion selbri; x1 is 1 | 5 of mass | 

totality x2 

piro [PA] all of number: all of 

pirosi’e [MOI] is the whole of quantified selbri: 

converts all-of to portion selbri; x1 is the whole portion 

of mass x2 

piso’a [PA] almost all of number: almost all of 

piso’i [PA] much of number: much of 

piso’iroi [ROI] much of the time tense interval modifier: 

often; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense 

piso’u [PA] a little of number: a little of 

piso’uroi [ROI] rarely tense interval modifier: rarely; 


pisu’o [PA] at least some of number: at least some of 

pixra [pir, xra] 〈x1 is a picture | illustration representing 

| showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4〉 also 

(adjective:) x1 is pictorial | illustrative; drawing (= 

xraselci’a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci’a | xraci’a), image (= 

xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, 

kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu’e); sculpture, relief (= blixra) 

pixsla banquet [pinxe+salci] 

pixydji want to drink [pinxe+djica] 

plana 〈x1 is plump | fat | obese [excessively thick | 

bulbous | swollen] by standard x2〉 

platu [pla] 〈x1 (agent) plans | designs | plots plan | 

arrangement | plot | [schematic] x2 for state | process x3〉 

also invents | organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure 

or layout of an object would be represented as a state in 

x3 

pleji [le’i, lej] 〈x1 pays | compensates | remunerates | 

[rewards] payment x2 to recipient | payee x3 for goods | 

services x4〉 also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific 




59

plesigja pregri 

(= posle’i, posyvelyle’i for unambiguous semantics); rent 

(= jerle’i, lejyjbera) 

plesigja cigarette [pelji+sigja] 

plibu [pib] 〈x1 is a | the pubic area | external genitalia 

[body-part] of x2〉 

plicru to allow someone to use something 

[pilno+curmi] 

plini 〈x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary 

characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4〉 

plipe [pi’e, pip] 〈x1 (agent | object) leaps | jumps | 

springs | bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 

propelled by x5〉 place structure parallels klama; hence 

x4 may be a route-like expression 

plise 〈x1 is an apple [fruit] of species | strain x2〉 

plisytisna apple pie | puff | turnover [plise+tisna] 

plisytricu apple tree [plise+tricu] 

plita [pit] 〈x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape | form] 

defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat | [smooth]〉 also: x1 

is even | planar | level 

plitadji manner of use, function [pilno+tadji] 

plixa [lix] 〈x1 (agent) plows | furrows | tills [cuts into 

and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4〉 

plixau useful [pilno+xamgu] 

plokarlycreka shirt [with collar] [polje+karli+creka] 

plopijne staple [polje+pijne] 

plopijnytci stapler [polje+pijne+tutci] 

pluja [luj] 〈x1 is complex | complicated | involved in 

aspect | property x2 (ka) by standard x3〉 also tangled, 

confused 

pluka [pu’a, puk] 〈x1 (event | state) seems pleasant to | 

pleases x2 under conditions x3〉 

pluta [lu’a, lut] 〈x1 is a route | path | way | course | track 

to x2 from x3 via | defined by points including x4 (set)〉 a 

route merely connects origin | destination, but need not 

be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least 

sufficient to constrain the route relevantly) 

po [GOI] is specific to restrictive relative phrase marker: 

which is specific to ...; normal possessive physical | legal 

po’a [POhA] end figurative end figurative (non-literal) 

speech | text 

po’e [GOI] which belongs to restrictive relative phrase 

marker: which belongs to ... ; inalienable possession 

po’i [BAI] in the sequence porsi modal, 1st place (in 

order) sequentially; in the sequence ... 

po’o [UI3b] uniquely discursive: uniquely, only, solely: 

the only relevant case pamei, mulno, frica 

60 

po’u [GOI] restrictive identity restrictive appositive 

phrase marker: which is the same thing as 

poi [NOI] restrictive clause restrictive relative clause; 

attaches subordinate bridi with identifying information to 

a sumti 

polje [plo] 〈x1 (force) folds | creases x2 at locus | loci | 

forming crease(s) | bend(s) x3〉 for agentive folding (= 

plogau, plozu’e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, 

to indicate multiple folds 

polno [pol] 〈x1 reflects Polynesian | Oceanian 

(geographic region) culture | nationality | languages in 

aspect x2〉 

ponjo [po’o, pon] 〈x1 reflects Japanese culture | 


ponse [po’e, pos] 〈x1 possesses | owns | has x2 under 

law | custom x3; x1 is owner | proprietor of x2 under x3〉 

popygau to break (tr.) [porpi+gasnu] 

porjmina to append (tr.) [porsi+jmina] 

porpi [po’i, pop] 〈x1 breaks | fractures | shatters | [splits 

| splinters | cracks] into pieces x2〉 

porselfai taking turns [porsi+se+fatri] 

porsi [poi, por] 〈x1 [ordered set] is sequenced | ordered | 

listed by comparison | rules x2 on unordered set x3〉 also 

(adjective:) x1 is serial 

porto [pot] 〈x1 reflects Portuguese culture | nationality | 


porveljmina the result of appending something to 

something [porsi+ve+jmina] 

posnei greedy, rapacious [ponse+nelci] 

prali [pal] 〈x1 is a profit | gain | benefit | advantage to x2 

accruing | resulting from activity | process x3〉 also (fe) 

x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 

may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, 

or a property; pedantically, for objects | commodities, 

this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object | 

commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics) 

prami [pa’i, pam] 〈x1 loves | feels strong affectionate 

devotion towards x2 (object | state)〉 also: x1 is loving 

towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved 

by x1 (= selpa’i for reordered places) 

prane [pa’e] 〈x1 is perfect | ideal | archetypical | 

faultless | flawless | un-improvable in property | aspect 

x2 (ka)〉 also without defect | error 

precau deserted [place] [prenu+claxu] 

pregri group of people [prenu+girzu]

preja purci 

preja [pe’a, pej] 〈x1 spreads | expands over | into x2 

from initial state x3〉 

prenu [pre] 〈x1 is a person | people (noun) [not 

necessarily human]; x1 displays personality | a persona〉 

pretai figure [as in ”a shadowy figure approaches”] 

[prenu+tarmi] 

preti [rei, ret] 〈x1 (quoted text) is a question | query 

about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4〉 

pretrocange family farm [prenu+jitro+cange] 

prezda house [prenu+zdani] 

prije [pij] 〈x1 is wise | sage about matter x2 

(abstraction) to observer x3〉 

prina [pri] 〈x1 is a print | impression | image on | in 

surface x2 of | made by | using tool | press | implement | 

object x3〉 

pripre printer [prina+prenu] 

pritu 〈x1 is to the right | right-hand side of x2 which 

faces | in-frame-of-reference x3〉 also: x3 is the standard 

of orientation for x2 

prolanxe uneven [of combat, fight] [fapro+lanxe] 

prosa [ro’a, ros] 〈x1 is prose about plot | theme | subject 

x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4〉 non-poetic 

written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may 

be a convention rather than a subject 

pruce [ru’e, ruc] 〈x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs 

| results x3, passing through steps | stages x4〉 x2 

resource (= selru’e, but also ru’etci, (ru’er- | ruc- or 

selru’e- | selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla) 

prucedra historical [purci+cedra] 

prujeftu a previous week [purci+jeftu] 

prulamcte last night, the immediately preceding night 

[nighttime], the night [nighttime] before (cf. 

prulamvanci) [purci+lamji+nicte] 

prulamdei yesterday, the immediately preceding day, 

the previous day [purci+lamji+djedi] 

prulamjeftu the immediately previous week, last week, 

the preceding week [purci+lamji+jeftu] 

prulamrai the latest [purci+lamji+traji] 

prulamvanci last evening, the immediately preceding 

night, the night before [purci+lamji+vanci] 

pruni [pun] 〈(adjective:) x1 is elastic | springy〉 

prupla to fore-plan, to intend, on purpose [purci+platu] 

pruselpli used, second-hand [purci+se+pilno] 

prusofto former USSR, CIS [purci+softo] 

prusoi a veteran [purci+sonci] 

pruxi [ru’i, rux] 〈x1 is spiritual | pertains to the soul in 

nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly | ethereal〉 

also soul (= ruxse’i) 

pu [PU] before time tense relation | direction: did 

[selbri]; before | prior to [sumti]; default past tense 

pu’a [BAI] pleased by pluka modal, 1st place pleased 

by ... 

pu’e [BAI] by process pruce modal, 1st place (in 

manner 1) by process ... 

pu’i [CAhA] [pus] can and has modal aspect: can and 

has; demonstrated potential 

pu’o [ZAhO] anticipative interval event contour: in 

anticipation of ...; until ... ; inchoative —-— — 

pu’u [NU1] [puv] process abstract abstractor: process 

(event) abstractor; x1 is process of [bridi] proceeding in 

stages x2 

puba [PU] was going to time tense: was going to; (tense 

| modal) 

puca’a [PU] actually was time tense: past actuality; 

modal aspect 

puca’o [ZAhO] was then time tense: was then; (tense | 

modal) 

pujeba [PU] before and after time tense: before and 

after; (tense | modal) 

pujeca [PU] before and during time tense: before and 

during; (tense | modal) 

pulce [pu’e, puc] 〈x1 is dust | precipitate [suspensible 

solid] from x2 in medium | on surface x3〉 

pulji 〈x1 is a police officer | [enforcer | vigilante] 

enforcing law(s) | rule(s) | order x2〉 police officer, as an 

agent of authority (= ca’irpulji, ka’irpulji), as part of a 

police force (= puljysoi, as part of puljyselsoi); military 

police (= jempulji, bilpulji) 

pulni 〈x1 is a pulley [tool] for performing action | 

function x2 rotating on axle x3〉 

punji [pu’i, puj] 〈x1 (agent) puts | places | sets x2 on | at 

surface | locus x3〉 

punli [pul] 〈x1 is a swelling | protrusion | convexity 

[shape | form] at | in | on x2, of material x3〉 (adjective:) 

x1 is swollen 

pupu [PU] had earlier been time tense: had earlier been; 


purci [pru, pur] 〈x1 is in the past of | earlier than | before 

x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter〉 time 

ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may 

overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 

61

purdi rancindu 

starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= 

cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over | ended 

before x2 starts (= fampru), x1 is completed before x2 

starts (= mulpru) 

purdi [pud] 〈x1 is a garden | tended | cultivated field of 

family | community | farmer x2 growing plants | crop x3〉 

orchard (= ricpurdi) 

purmo [pu’o, pum] 〈x1 is a powder of material x2〉 flour 

(= grupu’o, xripu’o) 

puza [PU] a medium time before time tense: a medium 

time before; (tense | modal) 

puze’a [PU] for a period in past time tense: for a 

medium length interval some time in the past; (tense | 

modal) 

puze’i [PU] for a moment in past time tense: for a short 

interval some time in the past; (tense | modal) 

puze’u [PU] for an era in past time tense: for a long 

interval some time in the past; (tense | modal) 

puzi [PU] a short time before time tense: a short time 

before; (tense | modal) 

puzu [PU] a long time before time tense: a long time 

before; (tense | modal) 

py [BY2] p letteral for p 

ra [KOhA5] recent sumti pro-sumti: a recent sumti 

before the last one, as determined by back-counting rules 

ra’a [BAI] pertained to by srana modal, 1st place 

pertained to by ... (generally more specific) 

ra’e [PA3] repeating decimal digit | number: repeating 

digits (of a decimal) follow 

ra’i [BAI] from source krasi modal, 1st place from 

source | origin | starting point ... 

ra’o [RAhO] pro-assign update flag GOhA to indicate 

pro-assignment context updating for all pro-assigns in 

referenced bridi 

ra’u [UI3] chiefly discursive: chiefly - equally - 

incidentally ralju, vajni 

ra’ucu’i [UI3] equally discursive: chiefly - equally - 

incidentally 

ra’unai [UI3] incidentally discursive: chiefly - equally - 

incidentally 

racli 〈x1 (action | activity | behavior) is sane | rational 

by standard x2〉 

racmau more delicate [ralci+zmadu] 

ractu 〈x1 is a rabbit | hare | [doe] of species | breed x2〉 

radno [ra’o] 〈x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular 

measure (default is 1) by standard x3〉 

62 

rafsi [raf] 〈x1 is an affix | suffix | prefix | 

combining-form for word | concept x2, form | properties 

x3, language x4〉 

ragve [rav] 〈x1 is located across | on the other side of 

gap | boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3〉 also: 

x1 is over there (across | beyond zo’e); directly across | 

beyond a boundary | gap, generally at the shortest 

plausible distance on the other side of the boundary 

rai [BAI] with superlative traji modal, 1st place with 

superlative ... 

rairnau hero [traji+nanmu] 

rairnei like best [traji+nelci] 

rairtoi with all one’s might, as hard as one can 

[traji+troci] 

rajycla tall [sraji+clani] 

rajyclamau taller [of stature] [sraji+clani+zmadu] 

rajyflani recorder [flute] [sraji+flani] 

rajykevloi floor of pit [sraji+kevna+loldi] 

rajymudri stake [sraji+mudri] 

rajysirdra straight [as in ”sit up straight”] 

[sraji+sirji+drani] 

raksku to scratch some message [sraku+cusku] 

rakso 〈x1 reflects Iraqi culture | nationality in aspect 

x2〉 

raktu [ra’u] 〈x1 (object | person | event | situation) 

troubles | disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3〉 

also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1 | x3 are a 

care to x2, x2 is troubled by | cares about x1 | x3 (= 

selra’u for reordered places) 

ralci [rac] 〈x1 is delicate | fragile | subtle | refined in 

property x2 (ka)〉 easily damaged or rendered less 

pleasing | pure | effective 

ralgau to point out as principal; to put in charge 

[ralju+gasnu] 

ralju [ral] 〈x1 is principal | chief | leader | main | 

[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 

(ka)〉 staple (= ralselpra); general | admiral | president | 

principal leader (= ralja’a, ralterbe’e; use additional 

terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, 

(adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete 

specification of set) 

raltca capital [ralju+tcadu] 

ralte [ra’e] 〈x1 retains | keeps | holds x2 in its 

possession〉 

rancindu soft oak [ranti+cindu]

anda rembau 

randa [rad] 〈x1 yields | gives way | surrenders to x2 

(force | agent) under conditions x3〉 

rango [rag] 〈x1 is a | the body organ [body-part] of body 

| species x2 performing function x3〉 

ranji [ra’i] 〈x1 (event | state) continues | persists over 

interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2〉 

ranmi [ram] 〈x1 is a myth | legend, a culturally 

significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4〉 

also: x1 is mythical | fairy tale; used adjectivally for 

non-humanoid creatures (= ramda’u) of story | myth | 

legend | religion, e.g. dragon; fairy tale (= veryranmi) 

ransu 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of bronze 

of composition including x2〉 

ranti [ran] 〈x1 is soft | malleable | moldable | yielding to 

force x2 in conditions x3〉 

ranxi [rax] 〈x1 is ironic(al) | contrary to expectation x2 

in state | property | aspect x3〉 

rapcki to keep explaining [rapli+ciksi] 

rapli [rap] 〈x1 [action] repeats | is repeated for a total of 

x2 (quantity) occurrences〉 practice (= rapyzu’e, 

rapxelcli, rapyzukmo’i) 

rapteryrei keep asking [rapli+te+preti] 

rarbau natural language [rarna+bangu] 

rarjva law of nature, law of physics [rarna+javni] 

rarlalske physics [rarna+lanli+saske] 

rarna [rar] 〈x1 is natural | spontaneous | instinctive, not 

[consciously] caused by person(s)〉 

rarske natural science, physics [rarna+saske] 

rartapla naturally occuring tile | cake [rarna+tapla] 

rarvanbi habitat [rarna+vanbi] 

ratcu 〈x1 is a rat of species | breed x2〉 

ratmidju nucleus [ratni+midju] 

ratni [rat] 〈x1 is an atom of element | atomic number x2 

of isotope number | atomic weight x3〉 

ratske [nuclear] physics [ratni+saske] 

ratsru electron [ratni+sruri] 

rau [PA4] enough digit | number: enough; subjective 

raumei [MOI] are enough quantified selbri: converts 

enough to cardinal; x1 is a set with members x2, enough 

by std. x3 

raumoi [MOI] is enoughth among quantified selbri: 

converts enough to ordinal; x1 is enoughth among x2, 

order rule x3 

ravycta look through [ragve+catlu] 

re [PA1] [rel] 2 digit | number: 2 (digit) [two] 

re’a [VUhU4] transpose unary mathematical operator: 

matrix transpose | dual; A* 

re’e [UI4] spiritual emotion category | modifier: 

religious | spiritual | worship - sacrilege lijda 

re’enai [UI4] sacrilege emotion category | modifier: 

spiritual | worship - sacrilege 

re’i [COI] ready to receive vocative: ready to receive - 

not ready to receive 

re’inai [COI] not ready to receive vocative: ready to 

receive - not ready to receive 

re’o [FAhA3] adjacent to location tense relation | 

direction; adjacent to | touching | contacting ... 

rebla [reb] 〈x1 is a | the tail | appendix [body-part] of x2; 

[metaphor: trailing, following portion | appendage]〉 

rectu [re’u, rec] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains meat | 

flesh from source | animal x2〉 

refcfa to begin again [krefu+cfari] 

refcpa to get something again [krefu+cpacu] 

refsipna go back to sleep [krefu+sipna] 

refsku recapitulation [krefu+cusku] 

rei [PA2] hex digit E digit | number: hex digit E 

(decimal 14) [fourteen] 

reirsisku to run a poll; more generally, to seek a truth 

through questions [preti+sisku] 

reisku to ask a question [preti+cusku] 

reispu to answer a question [preti+spuda] 

rejgau to record something [vreji+gasnu] 

reki’o [PA] 2,000 number | quantity: 2,000 expressed 

with comma 

relcinglepre bisexual [re+cinse+gletu+prenu] 

relcinpampre bisexual [re+cinse+prami+prenu] 

relcte Tuesday night [nighttime] [re+nicte] 

reldei Tuesday (daytime | nighttime non-specific) 

[re+djedi] 

relpru second-last [in time] [re+purci] 

relselcalku bivalves [animals] [re+se+calku] 

relseljimca two-branched; binary [of trees as data 

structures] [re+se+jimca] 

relselmla two-sided [mirror] [re+se+mlana] 

relteryrau secondary [e.g. second cousins] 

[re+te+gradu] 

relvanbi Tuesday evening [re+vanbi] 

relxagri double reed [re+xagri] 

remai [MAI] secondly discursive: second utterance 

ordinal 

rembau human language [remna+bangu] 

63

emdja rinka 

remdja food for humans [remna+cidja] 

remei [MOI] is a pair quantified selbri: convert 2 to 

cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the pair of members x2 

remgri group of people [remna+girzu] 

remna [re’a, rem] 〈x1 is a human | human being | man 

(non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is 

human〉 

remoi [MOI] is second among quantified selbri: convert 

2 to ordinal selbri; x1 is second among x2 ordered by 

rule x3 

remska colour of human skin [ref. to ”race”] 

[remna+skari] 

remskapi [human] skin [remna+skapi] 

remtai human-like [in shape]; a figure [remna+tarmi] 

remtsi human sperm [remna+tsiju] 

renkla to go by train [trene+klama] 

reno [PA] 20 number | quantity: 20 [twenty] 

renomei [MOI] is a score quantifier selbri: convert 20 to 

cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the score of members x2 

renono [PA] 200 number | quantity: 200 [two hundred] 

renro [re’o, rer] 〈x1 throws | launches | casts | hurls x2 

to | at | in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to 

x1)〉 

renvi [re’i, rev] 〈x1 survives | endures | undergoes | 

abides | lasts | persists through x2 for interval | duration 

x3〉 also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists | lasts for 

duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough | durable 

rerjvi to compete in the discus [renro+jivna] 

reroi [ROI] twice tense interval modifier; objectively 

quantified tense; defaults as time tense 

respa [res] 〈x1 is a reptile of species | breed x2〉 

resycrida dragon [respa+crida] 

retpei mental question, to ask oneself [preti+pensi] 

ri [KOhA5] last sumti pro-sumti: the last sumti, as 

determined by back-counting rules 

ri’a [BAI] because of cause rinka modal, 1st place 

(phys. | mental) causal because ... 

ri’a ma [BAI] with what cause? sumti question asking 

for a physical cause; why? 

ri’anai [BAI] despite cause rinka modal, 1st place 

(phys. | mental) despite cause ... 

ri’e [UI5] release of emotion attitudinal modifier: 

release of emotion - emotion restraint cniri’u, cnicru 

ri’enai [UI5] restraint of emotion attitudinal modifier: 

release of emotion - emotion restraint 

64 

ri’i [BAI] experienced by lifri modal, 1st place patient | 

passive case tag; happens to...,experienced by...,with 

passive... 

ri’o [VUhU4] integral trinary mathematical operator: 

[integral of a with respect to b over range c] 

ri’u [FAhA2] on the right of location tense relation | 

direction; rightwards | to the right of ... 

ricfoi forest [tricu+foldi] 

ricfu [cfu, rif] 〈x1 is rich | wealthy in goods | 

possessions | property | aspect x2〉 

ricpurdi orchard [tricu+purdi] 

ricycrida dryad [tricu+crida] 

ricyratcu squirrel [tricu+ratcu] 

ricyselsru to be surrounded by trees [tricu+se+sruri] 

ricyzbe tree stump, tree trunk [tricu+zbepi] 

ridrirni fairy godparent [crida+rirni] 

rigni [rig] 〈x1 is repugnant to | causes disgust to x2 

under conditions x3〉 

rijno [rij] 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity of 

silver | argentum (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing]〉 

rijyska silvery [rijno+skari] 

rijysmi silvery [i.e. not quite silver-coloured] 

[rijno+simsa] 

rikygei cheered up [rinka+gleki] 

rilti [ril] 〈x1 (sequence | non-text quote) is a rhythm | 

beat of music | expressive form x2〉 not necessarily 

oscillatory | regular pattern 

rimni [rim] 〈x1 rhymes | alliterates with x2 in language | 

phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka)〉 

broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound 

correspondence 

rinci 〈x1 liquid | fluid drains | strains | flushes from 

source x2 through drain | strainer x3 by force x4〉 x4 is 

usually gravity 

rindatni evidence [krinu+datni] 

ringei justifiably happy [krinu+gleki] 

rinju [ri’u] 〈x1 is restrained | held [back] | constrained | 

kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event)〉 also: x2 is a 

restraint | binding for x1, x2 keeps | restrains | holds 

[back] | constrains x1 from x3 (= selri’u for reordered 

places); agentive restraint (= ri’urgau, ri’urzu’e) 

rinka [ri’a, rik] 〈x1 (event | state) effects | physically 

causes effect x2 (event | state) under conditions x3〉 x1 is 

a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2

insa roroi 

rinsa 〈x1 (agent) greets | hails | [welcomes | says hello 

to] | responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action)〉 

rirci 〈x1 [member] is rare | unusual | uncommon | 

atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set)〉 

rirni [rir] 〈x1 is a parent of | raises | rears x2; x1 mentors 

| acts parental toward child | protege x2〉 

rirxe [ri’e] 〈x1 is a river of land mass x2, draining 

watershed x3 into x4 | terminating at x4〉 

riryriryrirni great grandparent [rirni+rirni+rirni] 

rismi [ris] 〈x1 is a quantity of rice [a type of grain] of 

strain | cultivar x2〉 

risna 〈x1 is a | the heart [body-part] of x2; [emotional | 

shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutral]〉 

(adjective:) x1 is cardiac; emotional ’heart’ (= cnise’i) 

risnyjelca burning a heart [not heartburn] [risna+jelca] 

ritli [ri’i] 〈x1 is a rite | ceremony | ritual for purpose | 

goal x2, by custom | in community x3, with form | rules 

x4〉 also: x1 is formal, [legal 

ritnai Britain (the nation) [brito+natmi] 

ritpre Briton, British person [brito+prenu] 

ritybartu outside the UK [brito+bartu] 

rityjbo British Lojbanist [brito+lojbo] 

rivbi [riv] 〈x1 avoids | evades | shuns | escapes | skirts 

[fate] x2 (event) through action | state x3 (event)〉 also 

detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an 

object, but may be an event) 

rixpau back, back portion [body part]; the back of 

something, as opposed to behind something 

[trixe+pagbu] 

rixsfe back surface [trixe+sefta] 

rixybakfu backpack [trixe+bakfu] 

rixykansa to follow someone [trixe+kansa] 

ro [PA4] [rol] each digit | number: each, all 

ro’a [UI4] social emotion category | modifier: social - 

antisocial jikca 

ro’anai [UI4] antisocial emotion category | modifier: 

social - antisocial 

ro’e [UI4] mental emotion category | modifier: mental - 

mindless menli 

ro’enai [UI4] mindless emotion category | modifier: 

mental - mindless 

ro’i [UI4] emotional emotion category | modifier: 

emotional - denying emotion cinmo 

ro’inai [UI4] denying emotion emotion category | 

modifier: emotional - denying emotion 

ro’o [UI4] physical emotion category | modifier: 

physical - denying physical xadni 

ro’onai [UI4] denying physical emotion category | 

modifier: physical - denying physical 

ro’u [UI4] sexual emotion category | modifier: sexual - 

sexual abstinence cinse 

ro’unai [UI4] sexual abstinence emotion category | 

modifier: sexual - sexual abstinence 

roda [KOhA] everything logically quantified universal 

sumti: everything (unless restricted) 

roi [ROI] [roi, rom] quantified tense converts number to 

an objectively quantified tense interval modifier; defaults 

to time tense 

rokci [ro’i, rok] 〈x1 is a quantity of | is made of | 

contains rock | stone of type | composition x2 from 

location x3〉 x2: composition including x2, which need 

not be complete specification 

rokcmaplini asteroid [rokci+cmalu+plini] 

rokspi piece of stone, pebble [rokci+spisa] 

rolbaukai universal [of grammar, etc.] 

[ro+bangu+ckaji] 

rolcte each night [ro+nicte] 

roldei daily [ro+djedi] 

rolpre ”catholic” [ = for all people], universal 

[ro+prenu] 

rolsliparbi white [of noise] [ro+slilu+parbi] 

rolstu world [ro+stuzi] 

roltei ”world without end”, forever [ro+temci] 

rolterdi worldwide [ro+terdi] 

roltru all-ruling [e.g. of God] [ro+turni] 

rolzda World [ro+zdani] 

romai [MAI] lastly discursive utterance ordinal: finally; 

last utterance ordinal 

romge [rog] 〈x1 is a highly reflective | polished 

non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often 

chromium]〉 

romoi [MOI] is last among quantified selbri: is final 

among; convert all to ordinal selbri; x1 is last among x2, 

rule x3 

ropno [ro’o, ron] 〈x1 reflects European culture | 

nationality | geography | Indo-European languages in 

aspect x2〉 

rorci [ror] 〈x1 engenders | procreates | begets x2 with 

coparent x3〉 

roroi [ROI] always tense interval modifier: always; 


65

otsu sakmuvgau 

rotsu [ro’u, rot, tsu] 〈x1 is thick in dimension | direction 

x2 by standard x3; [relatively long in smallest 

dimension]〉 also stout 

rozgu [roz, zgu] 〈x1 is a rose [flower - characterized by 

prickly stem | fragrance] of species | strain x2〉 roses are 

not all pink; avoid using for color rose, which might be 

labyxu’e 

ru [KOhA5] earlier sumti pro-sumti: a remote past 

sumti, before all other in-use backcounting sumti 

ru’a [UI2] I postulate evidential: I postulate sruma 

ru’e [CAI] weak emotion attitudinal: weak intensity 


ru’i [TAhE] continuously tense interval modifier: 

continuously; subjective tense | modal; defaults as time 

tense 

ru’inai [TAhE] occasionally tense interval modifier: 

occasional | intermittent | discontinuous; defaults as time 

tense 

ru’o [BY1] Cyrillic shift shift letterals to Cyrillic 

alphabet 

ru’u [FAhA2] surrounding location tense relation | 

direction; surrounding | annular ... 

ruble [ble, rub] 〈x1 is weak | feeble | frail in property | 

quality | aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3〉 

rufsu [ruf] 〈x1 is rough | coarse | uneven | [grainy | 

scabrous | rugged] in texture | regularity〉 fine-textured (= 

tolrufsu) 

rulpezli flower petals [xrula+pezli] 

rulpurdi flower garden [xrula+purdi] 

rulzda flower-bed [xrula+zdani] 

runbau artificial language [rutni+bangu] 

runme [rum] 〈x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] 

at temperature x2 and pressure x3〉 x1 runs (= rumfle) 

runta 〈x1 dissolves in solvent x2 forming solution | 

[suspension] x3 under conditions x4〉 suspension (= 

pucyteryrunta, pu’exre) 

rupnu [ru’u, rup] 〈x1 is measured in major-money-units 

(dollar | yuan | ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system 

x3〉 also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a 

price | cost | value 

rusko [ru’o, ruk] 〈x1 reflects Russian culture | 


rutni [run] 〈x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made | 

caused by people | se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made〉 

rutpesxu marmelade [grute+pesxu] 

rutpurdi orchard, place of growing fruit [grute+purdi] 

66 

rutyjdu marmelade [grute+jduli] 

rutytricu fruit-tree [grute+tricu] 

ruxpre spirit [pruxi+prenu] 

ruxycrida spirit [pruxi+crida] 

ruxyzau bless [pruxi+zanru] 

ry [BY2] r letteral for r 

sa [SA] erase utterance erase complete or partial 

utterance; next word shows how much erasing to do 

sa’a [UI3a] editorial insertion discursive: material 

inserted by editor | narrator (bracketed text) setca 

sa’e [UI3] precisely speaking discursive: precisely 

speaking - loosely speaking satci, jibni 

sa’enai [UI3] loosely speaking discursive: precisely 

speaking - loosely speaking 

sa’i [VUhU4] matrix of columns n-ary mathematical 

operator: operands are vectors to be treated as matrix 

columns 

sa’o [VUhU4] derivative trinary mathematical operator: 

[derivative of a with respect to b of degree c] 

sa’u [UI3] simply speaking discursive: simply - 

elaborating sampu, pluja 

sa’unai [UI3] elaborating discursive: simply - 

elaborating 

sabji [sab] 〈x1 [source] provides | supplies | furnishes x2 

[supply | commodity] to x3 [recipient]〉 agentive supply 

(= sabgau, sabzu’e) 

sabnu 〈x1 is a cabin of vehicle x2〉 

sacki 〈x1 is a match [incendiary device] made of x2〉 

saclu 〈x1 (me’o) is the [decimal | binary] equivalent of 

fractional x2 (me’o) in base x3 (quantity)〉 

sacrai most honest [stace+traji] 

sadjo [djo] 〈x1 reflects Saudi Arabian culture | 


sadrai most successful [snada+traji] 

sagbarja cabaret [sanga+barja] 

sagdraci opera, musical [sanga+draci] 

sai [CAI] strong emotion attitudinal: moderate intensity 


saisla banquet, picnic [sanmi+salci] 

sakci [sak] 〈x1 sucks | is suction | vacuum | relatively 

low pressure of fluid | gas x2 relative to high pressure 

x3〉 also suck object | fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau) 

sakcpu to suck something [sakci+lacpu] 

sakli [sal] 〈x1 slides | slips | glides on x2〉 x2 is slick | 

slippery to | for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places) 

sakmuvgau to suck something [sakci+muvdu+gasnu]

sakta saske 

sakta [sat] 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity of 

sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3〉 

also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; 

saccharine | aspartame | sugar substitute (basysakta or 

sakybasti, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, 

which need not be complete specification 

sakygau to suck (agentive) [sakci+gasnu] 

salci [sla] 〈x1 celebrates | recognizes | honors x2 (event | 

abstract) with activity | [party] x3〉 x3 (and nunsla) 

festival | fiesta | celebration | occasion | fair | [holiday 

(some senses) 

salpo [sa’o] 〈x1 is sloped | inclined | slanted | aslant with 

angle x2 to horizon | frame x3〉 also steep (= tcesa’o); 

normally implies non-rectilinear 

salsiltci slide whistle [sakli+siclu+tutci] 

salta 〈x1 (mass) is a quantity of salad [food] with 

ingredients | components including x2〉 x2 is in x1, an 

ingredient | part | component of x1 

samcu 〈x1 is a quantity of cassava | taro | manioc | 

tapioca | yam [edible starchy root] of species | strain x2〉 

samjudri e-mail address [skami+judri] 

sampei computer as thinker, Artificial Intelligence 

[skami+pensi] 

sampla programmer [skami+platu] 

sample computer paper [skami+pelji] 

sampu [sap] 〈x1 is simple | unmixed | uncomplicated in 

property x2 (ka)〉 

samralsle computer register [skami+ralju+selci] 

samselpla computer program [not necessarily 

executing; source code] [skami+se+platu] 

samske computer science [skami+saske] 

samsrorau byte [word?] [skami+sorcu+gradu] 

samsrosle byte [word?] [skami+sorcu+selci] 

samstu computer site, computer room [skami+stuzi] 

samtadji computer implementation [skami+tadji] 

samvidni computer screen [skami+vidni] 

samymegdo Meg [2**20] [e.g. Megabytes] 

[skami+megdo] 

samymidnoi computer program [skami+minde+notci] 

samymri e-mail [skami+mrilu] 

samyzva to be logged on to a computer [skami+zvati] 

sance [sna] 〈x1 is sound produced | emitted by x2〉 x2 

sounds (intransitive verb) 

sanga [sa’a, sag] 〈x1 sings | chants x2 [song | hymn | 

melody | melodic sounds] to audience x3〉 melody (= 

sagzgi, ralsagzgi), harmony (= saxsagzgi), harmonize | 

sing harmony (= saxsa’a), song (= selsa’a) 

sanji [saj] 〈x1 is conscious | aware of x2 (object | 

abstract); x1 discerns | recognizes x2 (object | abstract)〉 

also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies 

some amount of mental processing above and beyond 

mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to 

mental relationships that are not detected by the senses 

sankrabau Castillian Spanish, the standard language | 

dialect of Spain [spano+krasi+bangu] 

sanli [sa’i] 〈x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface 

x2 supported by limbs | support | pedestal x3〉 x1 is 

standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect | vertical | upright; x1 

bows | bends over (= krosa’i, krosa’ibi’o, plosa’i); frame 

of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the 

surface, and not to a gravity field 

sanmi [sai] 〈x1 (mass) is a meal composed of dishes 

including x2〉 x2 is a course | dish of meal x1 (= selsai 

for reordered places) 

sanso 〈x1 is a sauce | topping | gravy | frosting for use 

with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3〉 x3 is in 

x1, an ingredient | part | component of sauce x1 

santa 〈x1 is an umbrella | parasol shielding x2 from x3, 

made of material x4, supported by x5〉 

saprai simplest [sampu+traji] 

saptciklu primitive [sampu+tutci+kulnu] 

sarcu [sa’u] 〈x1 (abstract) is necessary | required for 

continuing state | process x2 under conditions x3〉 also 

factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, condition, 

precondition 

sarji [sra] 〈x1 supports | holds up | is underpinning of | 

[helps] x2 against force | opposition x3 with | by means 

x4〉 also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable 

(such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual 

sense of ’reliable’ or ’dependable’); (x2 is object | event) 

sarlu 〈x1 is a spiral | helix | whorl | [vortex] [shape | 

form] with limits x2, of dimensionality x3〉 

sarxe [sax] 〈x1 is harmonious | concordant | in 

agreement | concord with x2 in property x3 (ka)〉 

sasfoi lawn [srasu+foldi] 

saske [ske] 〈x1 (mass of facts) is science of | about 

subject matter x2 based on methodology x3〉 not limited 

to science as derived by the scientific method, but 

pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge 

garnered | gathered | assembled by a consistent 

methodology 

67

saspurdi seja’e 

saspurdi tended lawn [srasu+purdi] 

satci 〈x1 [measurement | match] is exact | precise to 

precision x2 in property | quantity x3 (ka | ni)〉 

satcymau more exact [satci+zmadu] 

satcyski define, describe exactly [satci+skicu] 

satre [sa’e] 〈x1 (agent) strokes | rubs | pets x2 with x3〉 

pet (= pamsa’e) 

sau [BAI] requiring sarcu modal, 1st place requiring ... 

saurckusro [book] archive [slabu+cukta+sorcu] 

saurdai old objects, [antiques] [slabu+dacti] 

saursutsabdja stale fast-food [slabu+sutra+sabji+cidja] 

savru [sav, vru] 〈x1 is a noise | din | clamor [sensory 

input without useful information] to x2 via sensory 

channel x3〉 

sazri [saz] 〈x1 operates | drives | runs x2 [apparatus | 

machine] with goal | objective | use | end | function x3〉 

sazvanbi operating system [sazri+vanbi] 

sazycau automatic, without needing an operator 

[sazri+claxu] 

sazysti to turn off [e.g. computer, machine, light] 

[sazri+sisti] 

sazytcila features [of a program] [sazri+tcila] 

se [SE] [sel] 2nd conversion 2nd conversion; switch 1st | 

2nd places 

se’a [UI5] self-sufficiency attitudinal modifier: 

self-sufficiency - dependency sezysei, kantcu 

se’anai [UI5] dependency attitudinal modifier: 

self-sufficiency - dependency 

se’e [BY1] character code following digits code a 

character (in ASCII, Unicode, etc.) 

se’i [UI5] self-oriented attitudinal modifier: 

self-oriented - other-oriented sevzi, drata 

se’inai [UI5] other-oriented attitudinal modifier: 

self-oriented - other-oriented 

se’o [UI2] I know internally evidential: I know by 

internal experience (dream, vision, or personal 

revelation) senva 

se’u [SEhU] end discursive elidable terminator: end 

discursive bridi or mathematical precedence;usually 

elidable 

seba’i [BAI] instead of basti modal, 2nd place instead of 

... 

sebai [BAI] compelling bapli modal, 2nd place (forcing 

result) compelling event ... 

sebau [BAI] in language of bangu modal, 2nd place 

(speakers) in language of speakers ... 

68 

sebe’i [BAI] transmitting benji modal, 2nd place 

(message | cargo) transmitting ... 

seca’i [BAI] with authority over catni modal, 2nd place 

authoritatively; with authority over ... 

secau [BAI] without claxu modal, 2nd place (lacking) 

without ... 

seci’e [BAI] with system function ciste modal, 2nd 

place with system function ... 

seci’o [BAI] emoting cinmo modal, 2nd place (shows 

attitude) emotionally; emoting ... 

seci’u [BAI] on scale measuring ckilu modal, 2nd place 

used in scalar negation on scale measuring ... 

secu’u [BAI] expressing cusku modal, 2nd place 

(saying) expressively; expressing ... 

sede’i [BAI] on the same date as detri modal, 2nd place 

(for letters) on the same date as ... ; label with event 

sedi’o [BAI] at specific locus diklo modal, 2nd place 

locally; at specific locus ... 

sedu’i [BAI] equal to dunli modal, 2nd place (same as 

1st); equal to ... [same as 1st place modal] 

sedu’o [BAI] knowing facts djuno modal, 2nd place 

knowingly; knowing facts ... 

sedu’u [NU] sentence abstract compound abstractor: 

sentence | equation abstract; x1 is text expressing [bridi] 

which is x2 

sedycro headache [stedu+cortu] 

sedykre hair on the head [stedu+kerfa] 

sefa’e [BAI] in reversal of fatne modal, 2nd place (same 

as 1st); backwards; in reversal of ... 

sefi’e [BAI] creating work finti modal, 2nd place 

creatively; creating work ... 

sefta [sfe] 〈x1 is surface | face [bounded shape | form] of 

[higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4〉 also 

x4 bounds 

sega’a [BAI] observing zgana modal, 2nd place 

observing ... 

segau [BAI] as agent in doing gasnu modal, 2nd place 

actor | agent case complement; actively; as active agent 

in doing ... 

sei [SEI] discursive bridi start discursive 

(metalinguistic) bridi 

seicni lonely [sepli+cinmo] 

seirgau to separate [sepli+gasnu] 

seja’e [BAI] results because jalge modal, 2nd place 

(event causal) results because of ...

seja’enai selcabna 

seja’enai [BAI] results despite jalge modal, 2nd place 

(event causal) results despite ... 

seja’i [BAI] by rule prescribing javni modal, 2nd place 

orderly; by rule prescribing ... 

seji’e [BAI] as a limit of jimte modal, 2nd place 

limitedly; as a limit of ... 

seji’o [BAI] controlling aspects jitro modal, 2nd place 

controlledly; controlling | guiding aspects ... 

seji’u [BAI] supporting jicmu modal, 2nd place (from 

basis) supporting ...; as a basis for ... 

seka’a [BAI] with destination klama modal, 2nd place 

with destination ... 

seka’i [BAI] on behalf of krati modal, 2nd place 

representingly; on behalf of ... 

sekai [BAI] with property ckaji modal, 2nd place 

(quality) characterized by ...; with property ... 

sekai ma [BAI] which kind? sumti question asking for a 

characteristic property | quality; which? 

seki’i [BAI] related to ckini modal, 2nd place (same as 

1st) related to ... 

seki’u [BAI] reason therefore krinu modal, 2nd place 

reason therefore ... 

seki’unai [BAI] reason nevertheless krinu modal, 2nd 

place reason nevertheless ... 

sekoi [BAI] as boundary of korbi modal, 2nd place 

(bounding) as boundary of ... 

seku’u [BAI] in culture of kulnu modal, 2nd place 

(people) in culture of ... 

sela’u [BAI] in quantity klani modal, 2nd place in 

quantity ...; measured as ... 

selbadna banana species [se+badna] 

selbadydji want to be defended by [se+bandu+djica] 

selbai forced [se+bapli] 

selbajra running surface [se+bajra] 

selbakfu bundled [se+bakfu] 

selbakni bovine species | breed [se+bakni] 

selbakri chalk source [se+bakri] 

selbaktu bucket contents [se+baktu] 

selbalji plant with bulb [se+balji] 

selbalni balconied [se+balni] 

selbalvi before [se+balvi] 

selbancu bound beyond which [se+bancu] 

selbandu protected [se+bandu] 

selbanfi amphibian species [se+banfi] 

selbanxa banker [se+banxa] 

selbanzu satisfied [by] [se+banzu] 

selbargu arched over [se+bargu] 

selbarja fare [of a bar] [se+barja] 

selbartu has outside [se+bartu] 

selbasna stressed [se+basna] 

selbasti replaced [se+basti] 

selbatci bitten [se+batci] 

selbatke has button [se+batke] 

selbau language community [se+bangu] 

selbavmi barley species [se+bavmi] 

selbaxso Malay-Ind aspect [se+baxso] 

selbebna foolishness [se+bebna] 

selbei carrier [se+bevri] 

selbengo Bengali aspect [se+bengo] 

selberti has to north [se+berti] 

selbesna brained [se+besna] 

selbetri finds tragic [se+betri] 

selbidju bead material [se+bidju] 

selbifce bee species [se+bifce] 

selbilga obligation [se+bilga] 

selbilni regimentation [se+bilni] 

selbindo Indonesian aspect [se+bindo] 

selbinra insured [se+binra] 

selbirje beer ingredients [se+birje] 

selbirka armed [se+birka] 

selbirti certainty [se+birti] 

selbisli ice composition [se+bisli] 

selblaci glass composition [se+blaci] 

selble weak point [se+ruble] 

selbli block material [se+bliku] 

selblo carried by boat [se+bloti] 

selblu has blood [se+ciblu] 

selboi ball material [se+bolci] 

selbra bigness dimension [se+barda] 

selbradi opposes [se+bradi] 

selbratu hail material [se+bratu] 

selbrazo Brazilian aspect [se+brazo] 

selbre event prepared for [se+bredi] 

selbri predicate relation [se+bridi] 

selbriju office worker [se+briju] 

selbrito British aspect [se+brito] 

selbro Hebrew aspect [se+xebro] 

selbru brush purpose [se+burcu] 

selbumru fog composition [se+bumru] 

selbunda weight [in local units] [se+bunda] 

selburna embarrassing [se+burna] 

selcabna co-occurred with [se+cabna] 

69

selcacra selcreka 

selcacra duration [in hours] [se+cacra] 

selcafne oftenness standard [se+cafne] 

selcai intense property [se+carmi] 

selcalku has shell [se+calku] 

selcanci vanished from [se+canci] 

selcange farm location [se+cange] 

selcanja exchanged [se+canja] 

selcanre sand source [se+canre] 

selcanti has gut [se+canti] 

selcarce carried on cart [se+carce] 

selcarna turn axis [se+carna] 

selcartu mapped [as a territory] [se+cartu] 

selcarvi rained on [se+carvi] 

selcatra murdered [se+catra] 

selcau lacked [se+claxu] 

selcaxno shallow direction [se+caxno] 

selcedra characterize era [se+cedra] 

selcei hold as god [se+cevni] 

selcensa hold as holy [se+censa] 

selcenti has .01 part [se+centi] 

selcerda inheritance [se+cerda] 

selcerni day of morning [se+cerni] 

selcfi flawed [se+cfila] 

selcfine wedge material [se+cfine] 

selcfu riches [se+ricfu] 

selci [sle] 〈x1 is a cell | atom | unit | molecule of x2; x1 

is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2〉 

selcidni limb with knew [se+cidni] 

selcifnu infant species [se+cifnu] 

selcigla secretion [se+cigla] 

selcikre fixed [se+cikre] 

selcilmo moisture [se+cilmo] 

selcilta thread material [se+cilta] 

selcimde has dimension [se+cimde] 

selcimni infinite property [se+cimni] 

selcinba kissed [se+cinba] 

selcindu oak species [se+cindu] 

selcinfo lion species [se+cinfo] 

selcinje wrinkled [se+cinje] 

selcinki insect species [se+cinki] 

selcinla thinness direction [se+cinla] 

selcinse sexual activity [se+cinse] 

selcinta paint pigment [se+cinta] 

selcinza use tongs [se+cinza] 

selcipra property tested [for] [se+cipra] 

selcirla cheese source [se+cirla] 

70 

selcitri has history [se+citri] 

selcitsi define season [se+citsi] 

selcivla louse species [se+civla] 

selcizra find strange [se+cizra] 

selcka bed material [se+ckana] 

selckabu rubber source [se+ckabu] 

selckafi coffee bean [se+ckafi] 

selckape endangered [se+ckape] 

selckasu ridiculed [se+ckasu] 

selcke humiliating [se+ckeji] 

selcki explained [se+ciksi] 

selckiku opened by key [se+ckiku] 

selckire thanked [se+ckire] 

selcko soaked up [se+cokcu] 

selcku subject [of book] [se+cukta] 

selcla length direction [se+clani] 

selcli learned [se+cilre] 

selclika moss species [se+clika] 

selclira earliness standard [se+clira] 

selclite politeness context [se+clite] 

selclu filling [se+culno] 

selclupa loop material [se+clupa] 

selcma smallness dimension [se+cmalu] 

selcmaci mathematics type [se+cmaci] 

selcme named [se+cmene] 

selcmi set of member [se+cmima] 

selcmisumji set union [se+cmima+sumji] 

selcmo moan [se+cmoni] 

selcmu founded [se+jicmu] 

selcna dug with shovel [se+canpa] 

selcne varying property [se+cenba] 

selcni emotion felt [se+cinmo] 

selcnici orderliness property [se+cnici] 

selcnu manual function [se+macnu] 

selcoi depth direction [se+condi] 

selcpa gotten [se+cpacu] 

selcpana has on top [se+cpana] 

selcpare surface climbed [se+cpare] 

selcpe requested [se+cpedu] 

selcpi bird species [se+cipni] 

selcpina find pungent [se+cpina] 

selcpu pulled [se+lacpu] 

selcra has in front [se+crane] 

selcradi radio program [se+cradi] 

selcre forte [se+certu] 

selcreka shirt material [se+creka]

selcrepu selfanta 

selcrepu harvested [se+crepu] 

selcri lost [se+cirko] 

selcribe bear species [se+cribe] 

selcrida fairy mythos [se+crida] 

selcripu bridged over [se+cripu] 

selcrisa year of summer [se+crisa] 

selcritu year of autumn [se+critu] 

selcro pain locus [se+cortu] 

selcru allowed [se+curmi] 

selcta examined [se+catlu] 

selctaru tidal [se+ctaru] 

selcte day with night [se+nicte] 

selctebi orifice with lip [se+ctebi] 

selcti eaten [se+citka] 

selctile petroleum source [se+ctile] 

selcto quantity in 100’s [se+xecto] 

selctu person taught [se+ctuca] 

selcumla object of humility [se+cumla] 

selcunmi millet species [se+cunmi] 

selcurnu worm species [se+curnu] 

selcurve purity property [se+curve] 

selcutci shod [se+cutci] 

selcutne has chest [se+cutne] 

seldacru filing system [se+dacru] 

seldadjo Taoist aspect [se+dadjo] 

seldakfu cut by knife [se+dakfu] 

seldakli contents [of sack] [se+dakli] 

seldamgau to make something smokey; to light but not 

necessarily inhale [se+danmo+gasnu] 

seldamri drumstick [se+damri] 

seldandu hung from [se+dandu] 

seldanfu question answered [se+danfu] 

seldanmo smoke source [se+danmo] 

seldansazri shooting [se+danti+sazri] 

seldansu accompaniment [for dance] [se+dansu] 

seldanti gun [se+danti] 

seldapma blessed [se+dapma] 

seldargu road start [se+dargu] 

seldarsi audacious behavior [se+darsi] 

seldaski has pocket [se+daski] 

seldasni worn [se+dasni] 

seldatka duck species [se+datka] 

seldatni data subject [se+datni] 

seldau argued for [se+darlu] 

seldecti has .1 part [se+decti] 

seldegji limb with finger [se+degji] 

seldei number of full days [se+djedi] 

seldejni debt [se+dejni] 

seldekpu number of gallons [se+dekpu] 

seldekto measured in 10’s [se+dekto] 

seldembi leguminous plant [se+dembi] 

seldenmi density property [se+denmi] 

seldesku shaker [se+desku] 

seldetri dated [se+detri] 

seldicra interrupted [se+dicra] 

seldikca charged [se+dikca] 

seldikni regularity [se+dikni] 

seldilcu dividend [se+dilcu] 

seldilnu cloud material [se+dilnu] 

seldimna destined [se+dimna] 

seldirba adores [se+dirba] 

seldirgo drop material [se+dirgo] 

seldja can eat [se+cidja] 

seldji desired [se+djica] 

seldjine ring material [se+djine] 

seldjixau enviable [se+djica+xamgu] 

seldjo Saudi aspect [se+sadjo] 

seldju helped [se+sidju] 

seldra correctness [se+drani] 

seldraci subject [of drama] [se+draci] 

seldrata other than [se+drata] 

seldre heaped [se+derxi] 

seldri depressing [se+badri] 

seldru has roof [se+drudi] 

seldugri antilogarithm [se+dugri] 

seldukti has as opposite [se+dukti] 

seldunja freezing point [se+dunja] 

seldunra year of winter [se+dunra] 

seldze descendent [se+dzena] 

seldzi lowness reference [se+dizlo] 

seldzu walked on [se+cadzu] 

sele’a [BAI] as a category of klesi modal, 2nd place as a 

category of | within ... 

selfadni ordinariness [se+fadni] 

selfagri fuel for fire [se+fagri] 

selfai receive share [se+fatri] 

selfalnu fill sail [se+falnu] 

selfamti niece [se+famti] 

selfancu function domain [se+fancu] 

selfange alienness property [se+fange] 

selfanri factory product [se+fanri] 

selfanta circumvented [se+fanta] 

71

selfanva seljba 

selfanva source text [se+fanva] 

selfanza annoyed [se+fanza] 

selfarvi developed [se+farvi] 

selfebvi boiling point [se+febvi] 

selfei worth [in cents] [se+fepni] 

selfemti has 1E-15 part [se+femti] 

selfendi partitioned [se+fendi] 

selfenki craziness standard [se+fenki] 

selfepri has lung [se+fepri] 

selfesti pollute [se+festi] 

selfigre fig species [se+figre] 

selfilso Palestinian aspect [se+filso] 

selfityjbu altar [se+friti+jubme] 

selfla regulated [by law] [se+flalu] 

selfle has flow [se+flecu] 

selfli failed activity [se+fliba] 

selflira has face [se+flira] 

selflu floated in [se+fulta] 

selfoi field material [se+foldi] 

selfonxa telephone network [se+fonxa] 

selfra response [se+frati] 

selfraso French aspect [se+fraso] 

selfraxu forgiven [se+fraxu] 

selfre fertility product [se+ferti] 

selfri happening [se+lifri] 

selfrica differed from [se+frica] 

selfrili adept [se+frili] 

selfrinu numerator [se+frinu] 

selfriti offered [se+friti] 

selfro fork purpose [se+forca] 

selfu [se’u, sef] 〈x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 

(activity); x1 is a servant (noun) of x2 performing x3〉 

selfusra rotting agent [se+fusra] 

selgadri phrase with article [se+gadri] 

selgai covered [se+gacri] 

selgalxe has throat [se+galxe] 

selganra breadth dimension [se+ganra] 

selganti has gonad [se+ganti] 

selganxo has anus [se+ganxo] 

selganzu not as organized [se+ganzu] 

selgapci gas composition [se+gapci] 

selgapru below [se+gapru] 

selgapygau make something be under... 

[se+gapru+gasnu] 

selgarna has rail [se+garna] 

selgasta steel composition [se+gasta] 

72 

selgau caused [se+gasnu] 

selgei object of happiness [se+gleki] 

selgeimau happier [se+gleki+zmadu] 

selgenja has root [se+genja] 

selgenxu hook material [se+genxu] 

selginka camper [se+ginka] 

selgla hot standard [se+glare] 

selgle copulated with [se+gletu] 

selgli English aspect [se+glico] 

selglu glove material [se+gluta] 

selgocti has 1E-24 part [se+gocti] 

selgotro in 1E24’s [se+gotro] 

selgra number of grams [se+grake] 

selgrasu grease source [se+grasu] 

selgre passed through [se+pagre] 

selgreku has frame [se+greku] 

selgri group property [se+girzu] 

selgru grain species [se+gurni] 

selgrute fruit species [se+grute] 

selgubni published among [se+gubni] 

selgundi industry product [se+gundi] 

selgunma component of mass [se+gunma] 

selgunse goose species [se+gunse] 

selgunta attacked [se+gunta] 

selguska scraped [se+guska] 

selgusrai brightest [se+gusni+traji] 

selgusta restaurant cuisine [se+gusta] 

selgutci length | width | height (in short units [se+gutci] 

selgutra has womb [se+gutra] 

seli’e [BAI] preceding lidne modal, 2nd place preceding 

...;leading ... ; non-time sequence 

seljabre braked [se+jabre] 

seljai grasped [se+jgari] 

seljakne expelled by rocket [se+jakne] 

seljalna starch source [se+jalna] 

seljalra cockroach species [se+jalra] 

seljamna enemy [in war] [se+jamna] 

seljanbe chime [se+janbe] 

seljanco joined at shoulder [se+janco] 

seljanli collided with [se+janli] 

seljansu represented by diplomat [se+jansu] 

seljanta billed for [se+janta] 

seljarbu city of suburb [se+jarbu] 

seljarki narrow dimension [se+jarki] 

seljaspu has passport [se+jaspu] 

seljba berry species [se+jbari]

seljbama selkanxe 

seljbama bomb explosive [se+jbama] 

seljbe bear young [se+jbena] 

seljbera borrowed [se+jbera] 

seljbi has near [se+jibni] 

seljbo Lojbanic aspect [se+lojbo] 

seljbosla Logfest [se+lojbo+salci] 

seljbu table material [se+jubme] 

seljda adherents [se+lijda] 

seljdadji to want someone to be a member of a religion, 

or to want someone as a member of a religion 

[se+lijda+djica] 

seljdagei beatific [se+lijda+gleki] 

seljdari meet firmness [se+jdari] 

seljde warned [se+kajde] 

seljdi decision [se+jdice] 

seljdika property decreased [se+jdika] 

seljdu jelly composition [se+jduli] 

seljeftu duration [in weeks] [se+jeftu] 

seljei has army [se+jenmi] 

seljelca combustion temperature [se+jelca] 

seljenca shocked [se+jenca] 

seljendu spin on axle [se+jendu] 

seljerna wages [se+jerna] 

seljerxo Algerian aspect [se+jerxo] 

seljesni needle material [se+jesni] 

seljga angle vertex [se+jganu] 

seljge knotted [se+jgena] 

seljgi object of pride [se+jgira] 

seljgina has gene [se+jgina] 

seljgita plectrum [se+jgita] 

seljibri employed [se+jibri] 

seljicla mixed [se+jicla] 

seljijnu intuition [se+jijnu] 

seljikca socialized with [se+jikca] 

seljikru liquor source [se+jikru] 

seljilka alkali composition [se+jilka] 

seljilra object of jealousy [se+jilra] 

seljimca branched [se+jimca] 

seljimte limited [se+jimte] 

seljinci cut by shears [se+jinci] 

seljinku vaccinated [se+jinku] 

seljinme metal composition [se+jinme] 

seljinru immersed in [se+jinru] 

seljinsa material cleaned away [se+jinsa] 

seljinto fluid from well [se+jinto] 

seljinzi has innately [se+jinzi] 

seljipci chicken species [se+jipci] 

seljirna has horn [se+jirna] 

seljisra juice source [se+jisra] 

seljitfa falsity standard [se+jitfa] 

seljivbu woven [se+jivbu] 

seljma has foot [se+jamfu] 

seljmaji gathering place [se+jmaji] 

seljme jewel type [se+jemna] 

seljmi understood [se+jimpe] 

seljmifa shoal material [se+jmifa] 

seljmina additive [se+jmina] 

seljudri addressee [se+judri] 

seljukni spider species [se+jukni] 

seljukpa cooked [se+jukpa] 

seljungo Chinese aspect [se+jungo] 

seljunla measured by clock [se+junla] 

seljunri seriousne subject [se+junri] 

seljunta has weight [se+junta] 

seljurme germ species [se+jurme] 

seljursa find severe [se+jursa] 

seljutsi genus of species [se+jutsi] 

seljuxre clumsiness standard [se+juxre] 

seljva prescribed by rule [se+javni] 

seljvi rival [se+jivna] 

seljvo meaning [of affix compound] [se+lujvo] 

selkabri cup contents [se+kabri] 

selkacma photographic illumination [se+kacma] 

selkadno Canadian aspect [se+kadno] 

selkafke coughed up [se+kafke] 

selkagni authorize company [se+kagni] 

selkai quality [se+ckaji] 

selkajna support shelf [se+kajna] 

selkakpa dug out [se+kakpa] 

selkalci defecate [se+kalci] 

selkalri accessible [se+kalri] 

selkalsa chaotic property [se+kalsa] 

selkalte prey [se+kalte] 

selkamju column material [se+kamju] 

selkamni charter [of a committee] [se+kamni] 

selkanba goat species [se+kanba] 

selkancu set counted [se+kancu] 

selkandi dimness property [se+kandi] 

selkanji calculated [se+kanji] 

selkanla has eye [se+kanla] 

selkansa accompanied [se+kansa] 

selkanxe 1st conjunct [se+kanxe] 

73

selkarbi selmirli 

selkarbi compared [se+karbi] 

selkarce ride in car [se+karce] 

selkarda card material [se+karda] 

selkargu find costly [se+kargu] 

selkarli collared [se+karli] 

selkarni genre [of a journal] [se+karni] 

selkau set with common property [se+kampu] 

selkavbu captured [se+kavbu] 

selkecmlu to look pitiable [se+kecti+simlu] 

selkei plaything [se+kelci] 

selkeiste list of toys [se+kelci+liste] 

selkeizdi to have fun playing... [se+kelci+zdile] 

selkenra cancerous [se+kenra] 

selkensa outer space region [se+kensa] 

selkerlo eared [se+kerlo] 

selkinli sharpness locus [se+kinli] 

selkisto Pakistani aspect [se+kisto] 

selkityzba pottery [se+kliti+zbasu] 

selkla destination [se+klama] 

selkladji where one wants to go, destination 

[se+klama+djica] 

selklaji street location [se+klaji] 

selklaku tears wept [se+klaku] 

selkle superset [se+klesi] 

selkli unobstructed [se+klina] 

selkliru halogen type [se+kliru] 

selkliti clay composition [se+kliti] 

selklo locus [se+diklo] 

selklu has culture [se+kulnu] 

selkluza has loose covering [se+kluza] 

selkoi edged [se+korbi] 

selkomcu comb material [se+komcu] 

selkorka cork source [se+korka] 

selkosta coat material [se+kosta] 

selkra has source [se+krasi] 

selkramu size [in acres] [se+kramu] 

selkre hairy [se+kerfa] 

selkri belief [se+krici] 

selkrili crystal composition [se+krili] 

selkru curved [se+kruvi] 

selkruca intersected [se+kruca] 

selkruji cream composition [se+kruji] 

selkubli polyhedron cube dimensionality [se+kubli] 

selkucli object of curiosity [se+kucli] 

selkufra make comfortable [se+kufra] 

selkukte find delicious [se+kukte] 

74 

selkumte camel species [se+kumte] 

selkunra mineral type [se+kunra] 

selkunti material emptied [se+kunti] 

selkurfa square vertices [se+kurfa] 

selkurki find bitter [se+kurki] 

selkusru object of cruelty [se+kusru] 

selmabla derogated [se+mabla] 

selmabru mammal species [se+mabru] 

selmai composition [se+marji] 

selmakfa hold as magical [se+makfa] 

selmaksi magnetic field [se+maksi] 

selmalsi temple religion [se+malsi] 

selmamspemamta mother of offsping’s spouse 

[se+mamta+speni+mamta] 

selmamta mothered [se+mamta] 

selmanci object of wonder [se+manci] 

selmanfo uniform property [se+manfo] 

selmanri use reference [se+manri] 

selmansa satisfied [se+mansa] 

selmanti ant species [se+manti] 

selmapku cap material [se+mapku] 

selmapti matched [se+mapti] 

selmarde has morals [se+marde] 

selmarna hemp species [se+marna] 

selmarxa mashed [se+marxa] 

selmatci mat material [se+matci] 

selmatne butter source [se+matne] 

selmatra motorized [se+matra] 

selmau exceeded [se+zmadu] 

selmavji oats species [se+mavji] 

selmebri has brow [se+mebri] 

selmegdo quantity in 1E6’s [se+megdo] 

selmei set with cardinality [se+mei] 

selmeljo Malaysian aspect [se+meljo] 

selmenli has mind [se+menli] 

selmerko American aspect [se+merko] 

selmexno Mexican aspect [se+mexno] 

selmidju has at middle [se+midju] 

selmifra plaintext encoded [se+mifra] 

selmikce patient [se+mikce] 

selmikri has 1E-6 part [se+mikri] 

selmilti measured in .001’s [se+milti] 

selminli size [in miles] [se+minli] 

selminra reflected [se+minra] 

selmipri kept secret [se+mipri] 

selmirli deer species [se+mirli]

selmisro selplixa 

selmisro Egyptian aspect [se+misro] 

selmla has to the side [se+mlana] 

selmlatu cat species [se+mlatu] 

selmle find beautiful [se+melbi] 

selmledi mold species [se+mledi] 

selmli mildness property [se+milxe] 

selmlo mill process [se+molki] 

selmlu apparent property [se+simlu] 

selmluni satellite primary [se+mluni] 

selmoi set with ordinal [se+moi] 

selmokca point location [se+mokca] 

selmorko Moroccan aspect [se+morko] 

selmosra rubbed [se+mosra] 

selmra sheltered [se+marbi] 

selmraji rye species [se+mraji] 

selmre measured [se+merli] 

selmri mailed [se+mrilu] 

selmru hammered [se+mruli] 

selmudri wood species [se+mudri] 

selmupli property exemplified [se+mupli] 

selmurse day with twilight [se+murse] 

selmuslo Islamic aspect [se+muslo] 

selmuzga exhibited [se+muzga] 

selnabmi has problem [se+nabmi] 

selnai people of nation [se+natmi] 

selnakni species with male [se+nakni] 

selnanba grain in bread [se+nanba] 

selnandu find difficult [se+nandu] 

selnanla boy’s age [se+nanla] 

selnanvi has 1E-9 part [se+nanvi] 

selnarge plant with nut [se+narge] 

selnavni [se+navni] 

selnei liked [se+nelci] 

selneimau is preferred over X by Y [se+nelci+zmadu] 

selneirai favourite [se+nelci+traji] 

selneixau estimable [se+nelci+xamgu] 

selnejni energy type [se+nejni] 

selnimre citrus species [se+nimre] 

selnirna has nerve [se+nirna] 

selnivji knitted [se+nivji] 

selnoi message subject [se+notci] 

selnurma rural of [se+nurma] 

selnuzba news subject [se+nuzba] 

selpai judgement subject [se+pajni] 

selpalci evil standard [se+palci] 

selpalku pants material [se+palku] 

selpalne tray contents [se+palne] 

selpalta plate material [se+palta] 

selpambe pumped [se+pambe] 

selpanci odorous [se+panci] 

selpandi punctuated [se+pandi] 

selpanka maintain park [se+panka] 

selpanpi at peace with [se+panpi] 

selpanra paralleled [se+panra] 

selpante object of protest [se+pante] 

selpanzi offspring parent [se+panzi] 

selpapri bound pages [se+papri] 

selparbi in ratio [se+parbi] 

selpastu robe material [se+pastu] 

selpatlu potato species [se+patlu] 

selpatxu pot contents [se+patxu] 

selpau part of [se+pagbu] 

selpei object of thought [se+pensi] 

selpeixau estimable [se+pensi+xamgu] 

selpemci poem subject [se+pemci] 

selpenbi ink for pen [se+penbi] 

selperli pear species [se+perli] 

selpesxu paste composition [se+pesxu] 

selpetso quantity in 1E15’s [se+petso] 

selpezli leafy [se+pezli] 

selpicti quantity in 1E-12’s [se+picti] 

selpijne pinned [se+pijne] 

selpikci begged [se+pikci] 

selpikta has ticket [se+pikta] 

selpinca urinate [se+pinca] 

selpindi deficiency [se+pindi] 

selpinfu captor [se+pinfu] 

selpinji has penis [se+pinji] 

selpinka comment subject [se+pinka] 

selpinsi pencil lead [se+pinsi] 

selpinta frame for levelness [se+pinta] 

selpinxe beverage [se+pinxe] 

selpla plan made [se+platu] 

selplana plumpness standard [se+plana] 

selple paper source [se+pelji] 

selpli used [se+pilno] 

selplibu has pubes [se+plibu] 

selplini planet primary [se+plini] 

selplise apple species [se+plise] 

selplita point in plane [se+plita] 

selplixa plowed [se+plixa] 

75

selplixau selsigja 

selplixau useful [good in that it is used] 

[se+pilno+xamgu] 

selplo folded [se+polje] 

selplopijne staple [se+polje+pijne] 

selplu island material [se+daplu] 

selpluja complexity property [se+pluja] 

selpoi ordering rule [se+porsi] 

selpolno Polynesian aspect [se+polno] 

selporto Portuguese aspect [se+porto] 

selpra product [se+cupra] 

selprali profits [se+prali] 

selpri printing surface [se+prina] 

selprije object of wisdom [se+prije] 

selpritu has to the right [se+pritu] 

selpro opposed [se+fapro] 

selpru has in its past [se+purci] 

selpulji law [se+pulji] 

selpulni pulley function [se+pulni] 

selpunli swollen [se+punli] 

selpurdi has garden [se+purdi] 

selracli sanity standard [se+racli] 

selractu rabbit species [se+ractu] 

selrafsi has affix [se+rafsi] 

selragve gap [se+ragve] 

selrai superlative property [se+traji] 

selrakso Iraqi aspect [se+rakso] 

selralci delicacy property [se+ralci] 

selralju has as principal [se+ralju] 

selranda yielded to [se+randa] 

selrango has organ [se+rango] 

selranmi myth subject [se+ranmi] 

selransu bronze composition [se+ransu] 

selranti molding force [se+ranti] 

selranxi not expecting [se+ranxi] 

selrapli repeat count [se+rapli] 

selratcu rat species [se+ratcu] 

selratni chemical element [se+ratni] 

selrau unit standard [se+gradu] 

selrebla tailed [se+rebla] 

selrei question subject [se+preti] 

selrepydja harvested food [se+crepu+cidja] 

selrerkru parabola [se+renro+kruvi] 

selrespa reptile species [se+respa] 

selrigni disgusted [se+rigni] 

selrigvamtu vomit in disgust, puke [se+rigni+vamtu] 

selrilti rhythmic [se+rilti] 

76 

selrimni rhymed with [se+rimni] 

selrinci drained liquid [se+rinci] 

selrinsa greeted [se+rinsa] 

selrirci rarity property [se+rirci] 

selrirni raised [se+rirni] 

selrismi rice species [se+rismi] 

selrisna has heart [se+risna] 

selrivbi avoided [se+rivbi] 

selromge chrome metal [se+romge] 

selrorci engendered [se+rorci] 

selrunme melting point [se+runme] 

selrunta solvent [se+runta] 

selrutni make artifact [se+rutni] 

selsabji provisions [se+sabji] 

selsabnu vehicle with cabin [se+sabnu] 

selsabytutra supply territory [se+sabji+tutra] 

selsacki material [of match] [se+sacki] 

selsaclu decimal fraction [se+saclu] 

selsai meal dish [se+sanmi] 

selsajgau bring something to someone’s attention 

[se+sanji+gasnu] 

selsakci sucked to [se+sakci] 

selsakli slid on [se+sakli] 

selsakta sugar source [se+sakta] 

selsalta salad ingredients [se+salta] 

selsamcu cassava species [se+samcu] 

selsampla program [se+skami+platu] 

selsampu simplicity property [se+sampu] 

selsanji noticed [se+sanji] 

selsanso with sauce [se+sanso] 

selsanta shaded by umbrella [se+santa] 

selsarlu spiral limits [se+sarlu] 

selsarxe harmonized with [se+sarxe] 

selsatci precision [se+satci] 

selsau finds familiar [se+slabu] 

selsazri operated [se+sazri] 

selsei separated from [se+sepli] 

selsenpi doubted [se+senpi] 

selsenta layered material [se+senta] 

selserti with stairs [se+serti] 

selsfa punished [se+sfasa] 

selsfani fly species [se+sfani] 

selsfe has surface [se+sefta] 

selsfu hoofed [se+sufti] 

selsiclu whistling sound [se+siclu] 

selsigja cigar material [se+sigja]

selsilka selsti 

selsilka silk source [se+silka] 

selsilna salt source [se+silna] 

selsince snake species [se+since] 

selsinso arcsine [se+sinso] 

selsirji straight start [se+sirji] 

selsirxo Syrian aspect [se+sirxo] 

selsisku property sought [se+sisku] 

selsitna cited [se+sitna] 

selsivni keep private [se+sivni] 

selska color of [se+skari] 

selskaci skirt material [se+skaci] 

selskami computer purpose [se+skami] 

selskapi has pelt [se+skapi] 

selske science subject [se+saske] 

selski described [se+skicu] 

selskiji skiing surface [se+skiji] 

selskina film subject [se+skina] 

selsko cord material [se+skori] 

selsku said [se+cusku] 

selskuvei recording of something [expression 

[se+cusku+vreji] 

selsla celebrated [se+salci] 

selslaka syllable language [se+slaka] 

selslami acid composition [se+slami] 

selslanu cylinder material [se+slanu] 

selslari find sour [se+slari] 

selslasi plastic monomer [se+slasi] 

selsle has cell [se+selci] 

selsli oscillation frequency [se+slilu] 

selsligu solid composition [se+sligu] 

selslu controled by muscle [se+sluji] 

selsluni onion species [se+sluni] 

selsma find quiet [se+smaji] 

selsmacu mouse species [se+smacu] 

selsmadi guessed [se+smadi] 

selsmani monkey species [se+smani] 

selsme Semitic aspect [se+semto] 

selsmi resembled by [se+simsa] 

selsmo sock material [se+smoka] 

selsmu has meaning [se+smuni] 

selsmuci done with spoon [se+smuci] 

selsmujmi to interpret something as being something 

[se+smuni+jimpe] 

selsna emit sound [se+sance] 

selsnada achievement [se+snada] 

selsnanu has to the south [se+snanu] 

selsne dream subject [se+senva] 

selsni symbolized [se+sinxa] 

selsnidu duration [in seconds] [se+snidu] 

selsnipa stuck [se+snipa] 

selsno done slowly [se+masno] 

selsnu discussion subject [se+casnu] 

selsnuji sandwiched [se+snuji] 

selsnuti not intend [se+snuti] 

selsodna alkali type metal [se+sodna] 

selsodva soda flavor [se+sodva] 

selsofto Soviet aspect [se+softo] 

selsoi soldier’s army [se+sonci] 

selsolri planet with sun [se+solri] 

selsorgu sorghum species [se+sorgu] 

selspa plant species [se+spati] 

selspaji surprised [se+spaji] 

selspali polished surface [se+spali] 

selspano Spanish aspect [se+spano] 

selspe married to [se+speni] 

selspi has piece [se+spisa] 

selspita hospital patient [se+spita] 

selspo ruined [se+daspo] 

selspu stimulus [se+spuda] 

selsra supported [se+sarji] 

selsraji frame for verticality [se+sraji] 

selsraku scratched [se+sraku] 

selsralo Australian aspect [se+sralo] 

selsrasu grass species [se+srasu] 

selsre mistake [se+srera] 

selsri ribbon material [se+dasri] 

selsrito Sanskrit aspect [se+srito] 

selsro stored [se+sorcu] 

selsru surrounded [se+sruri] 

selsta remained at [se+stali] 

selstace receive honesty [se+stace] 

selstagi plant edible part [se+stagi] 

selstaku make ceramic [se+staku] 

selstani has stalk [se+stani] 

selstapa surface stepped on [se+stapa] 

selstasu soup ingredient [se+stasu] 

selstati done with talent [se+stati] 

selste set listed [se+liste] 

selsteba object of frustration [se+steba] 

selstedu has head [se+stedu] 

selstela locked [se+stela] 

selsti stopped [se+sisti] 

77

selstici selvanci 

selstici has to the west [se+stici] 

selstika adjusted [se+stika] 

selsto constant property [se+stodi] 

selstu sited [se+stuzi] 

selstuna has to the east [se+stuna] 

selsucta abstract source [se+sucta] 

selsudga liquid dried [se+sudga] 

selsuksa sudden change locus [se+suksa] 

selsumji 1st summand [se+sumji] 

selsumne smelly [se+sumne] 

selsunga garlic species [se+sunga] 

selsunla woolly animal [se+sunla] 

selsurla recreation [se+surla] 

selsutra done fast [se+sutra] 

seltadji done by method [se+tadji] 

seltadni studied [se+tadni] 

seltagji has snugly [se+tagji] 

seltai shaped [se+tarmi] 

seltalsa challenged [se+talsa] 

seltamca tomato species [se+tamca] 

seltamji limb with thumb [se+tamji] 

seltamne has cousin [se+tamne] 

seltance has tongue [se+tance] 

seltanjo arctangent [se+tanjo] 

seltanko tobacco species [se+tanko] 

seltansi pan contents [se+tansi] 

seltapla tile material [se+tapla] 

seltarbi embryo mother [se+tarbi] 

seltarci star properties [se+tarci] 

seltarla tar source [se+tarla] 

seltaske object of thirst [se+taske] 

seltatru has breast [se+tatru] 

seltau phrase modifier [se+tanru] 

seltca city extent [se+tcadu] 

seltcaci acccustomed [se+tcaci] 

seltcana system with station [se+tcana] 

seltcati tea leaves [se+tcati] 

seltce muchness property [se+mutce] 

seltcena extent [se+tcena] 

seltci done with tool [se+tutci] 

seltcica deceived [se+tcica] 

seltcidu readable [se+tcidu] 

seltcika timed at [se+tcika] 

seltcila detailed [se+tcila] 

seltcini in situation [se+tcini] 

seltcita labeled [se+tcita] 

78 

seltco South American aspect [se+ketco] 

seltcu needed [se+nitcu] 

seltei start time [se+temci] 

seltenfa exponential base [se+tenfa] 

seltepmau scarier [se+terpa+zmadu] 

selteprai most fearsome [se+terpa+traji] 

selterdi planet inhabitant [se+terdi] 

selterto quantity in 1E12’s [se+terto] 

seltigni performance [se+tigni] 

seltikpa kicked [se+tikpa] 

seltilju heaviness standard [se+tilju] 

seltilmau more detailed [se+tcila+zmadu] 

seltinbe obeyed [se+tinbe] 

seltinsa stiffness direction [se+tinsa] 

seltirna heard [se+tirna] 

seltirxu tiger species [se+tirxu] 

seltisna filled [se+tisna] 

seltitla find sweet [se+titla] 

seltivni television program [se+tivni] 

seltoi attempted [se+troci] 

seltoknu cooked in oven [se+toknu] 

seltoldi butterfly species [se+toldi] 

seltra behavior [se+tarti] 

seltrati tautness direction [se+trati] 

seltre size [in meters] [se+mitre] 

seltri attracted [se+trina] 

seltricu tree species [se+tricu] 

seltro controlled [se+jitro] 

seltru governed [se+turni] 

seltsa strength property [se+tsali] 

seltsani with sky [se+tsani] 

seltsapi seasoning effect [se+tsapi] 

seltse sat on [se+zutse] 

seltsi organism with seed [se+tsiju] 

seltsina has stage [se+tsina] 

seltsu thickness dimension [se+rotsu] 

seltujli tulip species [se+tujli] 

seltunba has sibling [se+tunba] 

seltunta poked [se+tunta] 

seltutra controls territory [se+tutra] 

seltutrai king of... [se+tutra+traji] 

selvacri planet with air [se+vacri] 

selvai finds important [se+vajni] 

selvamtu vomited [se+vamtu] 

selvanbi has environment [se+vanbi] 

selvanci day of evening [se+vanci]

selvanju selylebvla 

selvanju wine fruit [se+vanju] 

selvau contents [se+vasru] 

selvei recorded [se+vreji] 

selvenfu revenged against [se+venfu] 

selvensa year of spring [se+vensa] 

selvibna has vagina [se+vibna] 

selvidni video function [se+vidni] 

selvidru virus property [se+vidru] 

selviknu viscosity conditions [se+viknu] 

selvindu finds poisonous [se+vindu] 

selvinji plane cargo [se+vinji] 

selvipsi matter deputed [se+vipsi] 

selvitci irregularity [se+vitci] 

selvla word meaning [se+valsi] 

selvlagi has vulva [se+vlagi] 

selvle resources invested [se+zivle] 

selvli within the power of [se+vlipa] 

selvlina 1st alternative [se+vlina] 

selvoi flight means [se+vofli] 

selvra function with lever [se+vraga] 

selvre reclined on [se+vreta] 

selvrestu a place to lie down [se+vreta+stuzi] 

selvri brave activity [se+virnu] 

selvrici varied property [se+vrici] 

selvro accessible [se+vorme] 

selvru receive noise [se+savru] 

selxadba halved [se+xadba] 

selxadni has body [se+xadni] 

selxagji object of hunger [se+xagji] 

selxagri reed [se+xagri] 

selxagryvau bocal of reed instrument [se+xagri+vasru] 

selxai injured [se+xrani] 

selxajmi finds funny [se+xajmi] 

selxaksu used up [se+xaksu] 

selxalbo object of levity [se+xalbo] 

selxalka alcohol type [se+xalka] 

selxalni object of panic [se+xalni] 

selxamsi planet with sea [se+xamsi] 

selxanka object of nervousness [se+xanka] 

selxanri imagine [se+xanri] 

selxanto elephant species [se+xanto] 

selxarju pig species [se+xarju] 

selxarnu object of stubbornness [se+xarnu] 

selxasli donkey species [se+xasli] 

selxasne body sweating [se+xasne] 

selxatsi quantity in 1E-18’s [se+xatsi] 

selxau find good [se+xamgu] 

selxaumau have an advantage over (zmadu fi leni se 

xamgu) [se+xamgu+zmadu] 

selxaumaugau improved (se ke xamgu gasnu; given the 

ambiguity — cf. selxagmau – selkemxagmaugau may be 

better) [se+xamgu+zmadu+gasnu] 

selxei hated [se+xebni] 

selxelso Greek aspect [se+xelso] 

selxexso quantity in 1E18’s [se+xexso] 

selxindo Hindi aspect [se+xindo] 

selxinmo ink color [se+xinmo] 

selxispo Hispanic aspect [se+xispo] 

selxla find bad [se+xlali] 

selxle canal destination [se+naxle] 

selxli girl’s age [se+nixli] 

selxlu influenced [se+xlura] 

selxlupai biased [se+xlura+pajni] 

selxoi hotel location [se+xotli] 

selxra depicted [se+pixra] 

selxrabo Arabic aspect [se+xrabo] 

selxre ingredient [se+mixre] 

selxri wheat species [se+maxri] 

selxru returned [se+xruti] 

selxruba buckwheat species [se+xruba] 

selxruki turkey species [se+xruki] 

selxrula flowering plant [se+xrula] 

selylabno wolf species [se+labno] 

selylacri trusted [se+lacri] 

selyladru milk source [se+ladru] 

selylafti lifted [se+lafti] 

selylai quantifier [se+klani] 

selylakse wax source [se+lakse] 

selylanbi protein type [se+lanbi] 

selylanci has flag [se+lanci] 

selylanka basket contents [se+lanka] 

selylanli analyzed [se+lanli] 

selylanme sheep species [se+lanme] 

selylante can contents [se+lante] 

selylanxe balancing forces [se+lanxe] 

selylanzu family member [se+lanzu] 

selylarcu craft [se+larcu] 

selylastu brass composition [se+lastu] 

selylatna lotus species [se+latna] 

selylau loud at point [se+cladu] 

selylazni activity avoided [se+lazni] 

selylebvla loan word (cf. le’avla) [se+lebna+valsi] 

79

selylenku sepli 

selylenku coldness standard [se+lenku] 

selylerci lateness standard [se+lerci] 

selylibjo Libyan aspect [se+libjo] 

selylimna swum in [se+limna] 

selylindi struck [by lightning] [se+lindi] 

selylinsi chain material [se+linsi] 

selylisri story subject [se+lisri] 

selylitce volume [in liters] [se+litce] 

selylitki liquid composition [se+litki] 

selylivga has liver [se+livga] 

selylivla powered by fuel [se+livla] 

selylogji conclusion [se+logji] 

selyloi has floor [se+loldi] 

selylunra moon primary [se+lunra] 

selylunsa bedewed [se+lunsa] 

selzai wares [se+zarci] 

selzajba gymnastic feat [se+zajba] 

selzalvi pulverized [se+zalvi] 

selzasni transience property [se+zasni] 

selzau approved [se+zanru] 

selzba made [se+zbasu] 

selzbabu soap source [se+zbabu] 

selzbani coast with bay [se+zbani] 

selzbe has pedestal [se+zbepi] 

selzbi has nose [se+nazbi] 

selzda inhabit [se+zdani] 

selzdi amused [se+zdile] 

selzdo Asiatic aspect [se+xazdo] 

selzei hold as crime [se+zekri] 

selzepti quantity in 1E-21’s [se+zepti] 

selzetro quantity in 1E21’s [se+zetro] 

selzga observed [se+zgana] 

selzgi produce music [se+zgike] 

selzgisku melody [se+zgike+cusku] 

selzgu rose species [se+rozgu] 

selzme melon species [se+guzme] 

selzmi automatic function [se+zmiku] 

selzmu maize species [se+zumri] 

selzungi object of guilt [se+zungi] 

selzunle has to the left [se+zunle] 

selzva location attended [se+zvati] 

sema’e [BAI] made of material marji modal, 2nd place 

made of material | composition ... 

sema’i [BAI] as a standard for manri modal, 2nd place 

(of reference) as a reference standard for observing ... 

80 

semau [BAI] more than zmadu modal, 2nd place 

(relative!) more than ...; usually a sumti modifier 

semaunai [BAI] not more than zmadu modal, 2nd place 

(relative!) not more than ...; usually a sumti modifier 

seme’a [BAI] less than mleca modal, 2nd place 

(relative!) less than ...; usually a sumti modifier 

seme’anai [BAI] not less than mleca modal, 2nd place 

(relative!) not less than ...; usually a sumti modifier 

seme’e [BAI] as a name for cmene modal, 2nd place 

(the named one) as a name for ... 

semto [sme] 〈x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: 

Middle-Eastern] language | culture | nationality in aspect 

x2〉 Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and 

Ethiopian, among others 

semu’i [BAI] motive therefore mukti modal, 2nd place 

motive therefore ...; motivating action ... 

semu’inai [BAI] motive nevertheless mukti modal, 2nd 

place motive nevertheless ... 

semu’u [BAI] example of property mupli modal, 2nd 

place as an example of property ... 

senci [sec] 〈x1 sneezes (intransitive verb)〉 

seni’i [BAI] entails therefore nibli modal, 2nd place 

entails therefore ... 

seni’inai [BAI] entails nevertheless nibli modal, 2nd 

place entails nevertheless ... 

senlanli critic [senpi+lanli] 

senpi [sen] 〈x1 doubts | is dubious | doubtful | skeptical | 

questions that x2 (du’u) is true〉 also: x2 is doubtful | 

dubious | questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places) 

senta [set] 〈x1 is a layer | stratum [shape | form] of x2 

[material] within structure | continuum | composite x3〉 

senva [sev, sne] 〈x1 dreams about | that x2 (fact | idea | 

event | state); x2 is a dream | reverie of x1〉 dream | 

reverie (= selsne) 

sepa’a [BAI] similar to panra modal, 2nd place 

similarly; similar to ... 

sepa’u [BAI] as a part of pagbu modal, 2nd place 

(whole) partially; as a part of ... 

sepi’o [BAI] using tool pilno modal, 2nd place 

(instrumental) tool | machine | apparatus | acting entity; 

using (tool) ... 

sepli [sei, sep] 〈x1 is apart | separate from x2, separated 

by partition | wall | gap | interval | separating medium 

x3〉 also aloof (= jiksei); alone (= rolsmisei meaning 

apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei

sepo’i si’o 

meaning ”only” or ”one alone” - do not use when talking 

about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space 

sepo’i [BAI] sequenced by rules porsi modal, 2nd place 

sequentially; sequenced by rules ... 

sepu’a [BAI] in order to please pluka modal, 2nd place 

(for) pleasingly; pleasing ...; in order to please ... 

sepu’e [BAI] processing from pruce modal, 2nd place 

(inputs) processing from inputs ... 

sera’a [BAI] concerning srana modal, 2nd place 

(pertaining to) relevantly; concerning ... (less specific) 

sera’i [BAI] as an origin of krasi modal, 2nd place 

originally; as an origin | starting point of ... 

serai [BAI] superlative in traji modal, 2nd place 

(property) -est; most extremely; superlative in ... 

seri’a [BAI] causal therefore rinka modal, 2nd place 

(phys. | mental) causal therefore ... 

seri’anai [BAI] causal nevertheless rinka modal, 2nd 

place (phys. | mental) causal nevertheless ... 

seri’i [BAI] experiencing lifri modal, 2nd place 

experiencing ...; undergoing ... 

serti [ser] 〈x1 are stairs | stairway | steps for climbing 

structure x2 with steps x3〉 

sesau [BAI] necessary for sarcu modal, 2nd place 

(process) necessarily; necessary for ... 

sesi’u [BAI] assisting sidju modal, 2nd place assisting ... 

(in doing | maintaining something) 

seta’i [BAI] as a method for tadji modal, 2nd place 

methodically; as a method for doing ... 

setai [BAI] as a form of tamsmi modal, 2nd place 

similarly; resembling ... (in ideal form) (x1 resembles x2 

sharing ideal form | shape x3 in property x4) 

setca [se’a] 〈x1 (agent) inserts | interposes | puts | 

deposits x2 into interior x3 | into among | between 

members of x3〉 insertion need not imply a significant 

degree of ’filling’; inject (= je’erse’a); syringe | needle (= 

se’arterje’e, je’erse’atci, jestu’u or tu’urjesni); also pour, 

inflate, stuff, fill 

seti’i [BAI] suggesting stidi modal, 2nd place 

suggestively; suggesting (idea | action) ... 

seti’u [BAI] at the same time as tcika modal, 2nd place 

(for letters) at the same time as ... ; label with event 

setu’i [BAI] as a location of stuzi modal, 2nd place as a 

location of ... 

seva’o [BAI] as conditions for vanbi modal, 2nd place 

(environment) as conditions | environment of | for ... 

seva’u [BAI] with beneficiary xamgu modal, 2nd place 

beneficiary case tag for the benefit of...; with beneficiary 

... 

sevzi [se’i, sez] 〈x1 is a self | ego | id | identity-image of 

x2〉 

sezau [BAI] approving zanru modal, 2nd place 

approvingly; approving ... 

sezlacri self-confident [sevzi+lacri] 

sezu’e [BAI] goalfully acting at zukte modal, 2nd place 

purposefully; goalfully acting at ... 

sezvelski self-description [sevzi+ve+skicu] 

sezycitri autobiography [sevzi+citri] 

sezykarni diary [sevzi+karni] 

sezykemxaumaupai to think oneself better than... 

[sevzi+ke+xamgu+zmadu+pajni] 

sezyxangle self-masturbation [sevzi+xance+gletu] 

sezyxaumaupai to think oneself better than... 

[sevzi+xamgu+zmadu+pajni] 

sezyzdakla go home [sevzi+zdani+klama] 

sfacatra to execute [sfasa+catra] 

sfani 〈x1 is a fly [a small non-stinging flying insect] of 


sfasa [sfa] 〈x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 

(event | state | action) with punishment x4 (event | state)〉 

also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one 

sense); also x4 penalty 

sfaxai harm, set out to hurt [sfasa+xrani] 

sfecra is in relief [art; stands out] [sefta+crane] 

sfefli to fail someone [sefta+fliba] 

sfesti stop being of service, useful [sefta+sisti] 

sfestigau render something inoperational 

[sefta+sisti+gasnu] 

sfofa [sfo] 〈x1 is a sofa | couch (noun)〉 

sfubu [su’u, sub] 〈x1 dives | swoops [manner of 

controlled falling] to x2 from x3〉 

si [SI] erase word erase the last Lojban word, treating 

non-Lojban text as a single word 

si’a [UI3b] similarly discursive: similarly simsa, panra 

si’e [MOI] portion selbri convert number to portion 

selbri; x1 is an (n)th portion of mass | totality x2; gunma 

si’i [VUhU4] sigma summation trinary mathematical 

operator: [sigma summation of a using variable b over 

range c] 

si’o [NU] [siz] concept abstract abstractor: idea | concept 

abstractor; x1 is x2’s concept of [bridi] 

81

si’u sitna 

si’u [BAI] aided by sidju modal, 1st place (aiding agent) 

aided by ... 

sibdai objects which have no concrete reality, eg 

mathematical objects [sidbo+dacti] 

sibycanja exchange of ideas [sidbo+canja] 

siclu [sil] 〈x1 [sound source] whistles | makes whistling 

sound | note | tone | melody x2〉 

sicmla west side of ... [stici+mlana] 

sicni [si’i] 〈x1 is a coin | token | is specie issued by x2 

having value x3 of composition including x4〉 

sidbo [si’o, sib] 〈x1 (idea abstract) is an idea | concept | 

thought about x2 (object | abstract) by thinker x3〉 also 

(adjective:) x1 is ideal | ideational 

sidju [dju] 〈x1 helps | assists | aids object | person x2 do 

| achieve | maintain event | activity x3〉 

sigdanmo cigarette smoke [sigja+danmo] 

sigja [sig] 〈x1 is a cigar | cigarette | cigarillo made from 

tobacco | smokable substance x2 by x3〉 

sigycko to smoke a cigarette [sigja+cokcu] 

sigyfespalta ashtray [sigja+festi+palta] 

sigyfesyvau ashtray [sigja+festi+vasru] 

sigyfri to smoke a cigarette [sigja+lifri] 

sigypli to smoke a cigarette [sigja+pilno] 

sijycutci skate [skiji+cutci] 

sijykla to ski to... [skiji+klama] 

sikcurnu silkworm [silka+curnu] 

silgei whistling-happy [siclu+gleki] 

silka [sik] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of silk 

produced by x2〉 

silna 〈x1 is a portion | quantity of salt from source x2, of 

composition including x3〉 

siltci whistle [siclu+tutci] 

simcabna simultaneous [simxu+cabna] 

simcatra kill each other [simxu+catra] 

simfra interplay [simxu+frati] 

simfrica to differ [from each other] [simxu+frica] 

simgle to copulate (intr.), to make love (intr.) 

[simxu+gletu] 

simjikca socialising with each other [simxu+jikca] 

simjvi to compete with each other [simxu+jivna] 

simkansa together, be with each other [simxu+kansa] 

simkruca intersecting [simxu+kruca] 

simlivbaigau force each other to leave 

[simxu+cliva+bapli+gasnu] 

simlu [mlu] 〈x1 seems | appears to have property(ies) x2 

to observer x3 under conditions x4〉 also: x1 seems like it 

82 

has x2 to x3; suggest belief | observation (= mlugau, 

mluti’i); looks like | resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu) 

simpanpi to be at peace with each other [simxu+panpi] 

simpro oppose eachother [simxu+fapro] 

simsa [smi] 〈x1 is similar | parallel to x2 in property | 

quantity x3 (ka | ni); x1 looks | appears like x2〉 also: x1 

is a likeness | image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity 

and parallel differ primarily in emphasis 

simsarxe harmony, in balance with each other 

[simxu+sarxe] 

simxu [si’u, sim] 〈x1 (set) has members who mutually | 

reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ 

sumti])〉 members of x1 do to each other | one another 

x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing 

x2 to each other 

since 〈x1 is a snake | serpent of species | breed x2〉 

sincycrida dragon [since+crida] 

sincysna hiss [since+sance] 

sinma [si’a] 〈x1 esteems | respects | venerates | highly 

regards x2 [object of respect]〉 also: x2 is respected | 

esteemed | celebrated (= selsi’a for reordered places) 

sinso 〈x1 is the trigonometric sine of angle | arcsine x2〉 

sinxa [sni] 〈x1 is a sign | symbol | signal representing | 

referring | signifying | meaning x2 to observer x3〉 also: 

x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant | meaningful 

| of import; signal an action (= sniti’i), connotation (= se 

sibyti’isni, sibyti’ismu) 

sipna [sip] 〈x1 is asleep (adjective); x1 sleeps | is 

sleeping〉 

sipsavgau to snore (cf. se sipsavru) 

[sipna+savru+gasnu] 

sipstu a place to sleep [sipna+stuzi] 

sipydakli sleeping bag [sipna+dakli] 

sipyvru snoring [sipna+savru] 

sirji [sir] 〈x1 is straight | direct | line segment | interval 

between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear〉 

sirxo [six] 〈x1 reflects Syrian culture | nationality in 

aspect x2〉 

sisku [sis] 〈x1 seeks | searches | looks for property x2 

among set x3 (complete specification of set)〉 if searching 

for an object or an event, use tu’a in x2 

sisti [sti] 〈x1 [agent] ceases | stops | halts | ends activity | 

process | state x2 [not necessarily completing it]〉 

sitna [sit] 〈x1 cites | quotes | refers to | makes reference 

to source x2 for information | statement x3 (du’u)〉

sivdju slisko 

sivdju [private] secretary [sivni+sidju] 

sivni [siv] 〈x1 is private | personal | privy | [secret | 

confidential | confined] to x2; x1 is not-public | hidden〉 

also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know | in touch 

with | privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); 

exclusion can be expressed by na’e(bo) in x2: excluded | 

in the dark (= nalselsivni) 

sivycni feeling private [sivni+cinmo] 

skaci 〈x1 is a skirt | kilt | dress of material x2; x1 is 

skirted [garment open at the bottom; not legged]〉 a 

skirted garment may be full length (pastu), but must hang 

below the waist from support above or at the waist 

skami [sam] 〈x1 is a computer for purpose x2〉 

skapi [kap] 〈x1 is a pelt | skin | hide | leather from x2〉 

skari [ska] 〈x1 is | appears to be of color | hue x2 as 

perceived | seen by x3 under conditions x4〉 conditions 

may include lighting, background, etc. 

skavrici motley, many-coloured [skari+vrici] 

skebaplai Newton (SI Unit) [saske+bapli+klani] 

skepre scientist [saske+prenu] 

skicu [ski] 〈x1 tells about | describes x2 (object | event | 

state) to audience x3 with description x4 (property)〉 

skiji [sij] 〈x1 is a ski | skid | skate | runner for surface (of 

material) x2 supporting skier | skater | sled | cargo x3〉 

skina [kin] 〈x1 is a cinema | movie | film about x2 [plot | 

theme | subject | activity], filmmaker x3, for audience 

x4〉 also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather 

than a subject; cartoon | animation (= selxraci’a skina); 

television | tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, 

factual content, etc.) 

skinoi descriptive message [advertisement?, (though 

doesn’t seem appropriate)] [skicu+notci] 

skori [sko] 〈x1 is cord | cable | rope | line | twine | 

cordage | woven strands of material x2〉 

skosra bridge of stringed instrument [skori+sarji] 

skoto [ko’o, kot] 〈x1 reflects Gaelic | Scottish culture | 

nationality | language in aspect x2〉 Irish (= sicko’o), 

Scottish (= sunko’o), Celtic (= dzeko’o), Welsh (= 

nanko’o), Breton (= fasko’o); since Scottish | Gaelic is 

only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would 

prefer a le’avla for Celtic; nationalism might also 

demand a separate fu’ivla for Irish 

skucre communicative [cusku+certu] 

skuro [ku’o] 〈x1 is a groove | trench | furrow [shape | 

form] in object | surface x2〉 

skutadji manner of expression, idiom, register 

[cusku+tadji] 

skuzau to express approval of, to praise [cusku+zanru] 

slabu [sau] 〈x1 is old | familiar | well-known to observer 

x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4〉 This can cover both 

meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed 

through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in 

usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. 

However slabu is not the opposite of ’young’ (= nalci’o, 

tolci’o), but the opposite of ’new’ (= tolni’o); also 

ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= 

selsau for reordered places); historic | historical (= 

cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru) 

slacfa starts being familiar with; is introduced to 

[salci+cfari] 

slacfagau to introduce someone to someone 

[salci+cfari+gasnu] 

slacti banquet, feast [salci+citka] 

sladei [national] holiday [salci+djedi] 

slafagri bonfire [salci+fagri] 

slagei joyful [salci+gleki] 

slaka 〈x1 is a syllable in language x2〉 

slaka bu [BY] close-comma letteral: Lojban ”,” 

character 

slami 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of acid of 

composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is acidic〉 x2: 


specification 

slanu 〈x1 is a cylinder [shape | form] of material x2〉 

slapemci paeans, hymns [salci+pemci] 

slari [sar] 〈x1 is sour | tart to observer x2〉 

slasi [las] 〈x1 is a quantity of | is made of | contains 

plastic | polymer of type | component unit(s) x2〉 

slelamgri cell block [selci+lamji+girzu] 

sligau to wave (tr.) [slilu+gasnu] 

sligu [lig] 〈x1 is solid, of composition | material 

including x2, under conditions x3〉 conditions include 

temperature and pressure 

slilu [sli] 〈x1 oscillates at rate | frequency x2 through set 

| sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification)〉 also 

(expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to 

and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, 

revolves 

sliri 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of sulfur | 

brimstone (S); [metaphor: foul odor, volcanic]〉 

slisko oscillating string [slilu+skori] 

83

slivru so’uroi 

slivru creaky [slilu+savru] 

slovo [lo’o, lov] 〈x1 reflects Slavic language | culture | 

ethos in aspect x2〉 

sludemcro muscle cramps [sluji+denmi+cortu] 

sluji [slu] 〈x1 is a | the muscle [body-part] controlling 

x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power]〉 

(adjective:) x1 | x2 | x3 is muscular (different senses) 

slunandu difficult, in requiring physical effort 

[sluji+nandu] 

sluni 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains onions | scallions of 

type | cultivar x2〉 

sluseltro controlled manually [sluji+se+jitro] 

slutro dexterity [sluji+jitro] 

smacni calmly [smaji+cinmo] 

smacu 〈x1 is a mouse of species | breed x2〉 

smadi 〈x1 guesses | conjectures | surmises x2 (du’u) is 

true about subject x3; [epistemology]〉 also: x1 has a 

hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words 

usable for epistemology typically have a du’u place 

smagai damper [smaji+gacri] 

smaji [sma] 〈x1 (source) is quiet | silent | [still] at 

observation point x2 by standard x3〉 

smajmavra damper pedal [smaji+jamfu+vraga] 

smani 〈x1 is a monkey | ape | simian | baboon | 

chimpanzee of species | breed x2〉 

smatci mute, damper [smaji+tutci] 

smigau Verbal ”etc.” (e.g. ”you can’t write or read or do 

things similar to that”); simulate [simsa+gasnu] 

smimlu to seem like [simsa+simlu] 

smirai most similar [simsa+traji] 

smoka [smo] 〈x1 is a sock | stocking [flexible foot and 

lower leg garment] of material x2〉 

smuci [muc] 〈x1 is a spoon | scoop (tool) for use x2, 

made of material x3〉 

smujmi interpret [smuni+jimpe] 

smulei semantic class, case [smuni+klesi] 

smuni [mun, smu] 〈x1 is a meaning | interpretation of x2 

recognized | seen | accepted by x3〉 referential meaning 

(=selsni, snismu) 

smuske semantics [smuni+saske] 

snacau noiselessly [sance+claxu] 

snacko sound-absorber [sance+cokcu] 

snada [sad] 〈x1 [agent] succeeds in | achieves | 

completes | accomplishes x2 as a result of effort | attempt 

| try x3〉 also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is 

successful; x2 (event | state | achievement) 

84 

snagenske phonology [sance+gerna+saske] 

snajalra cricket [sance+jalra] 

snakamju soundpost of stringed instrument 

[sance+kamju] 

snanu [nan] 〈x1 is to the south | southern side of x2 

according to frame of reference x3〉 

snavei sound record [sance+vreji] 

snavelminra echo [sance+ve+minra] 

snebaigau is impelled to do, has the drive to do 

[senva+bapli+gasnu] 

snidu [nid] 〈x1 is x2 seconds in duration (default is 1 

second) by standard x3〉 

snime [si’e] 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity | 

expanse of snow〉 

snipa [nip] 〈x1 adheres | sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is 

sticky | gummy | adhesive〉 note that x1 is the adhering 

surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky 

snoraisli contrabass [masno+traji+slilu] 

snosli relatively low in tone [masno+slilu] 

snoslijgita bass guitar | double bass [masno+slilu+jgita] 

snuji [nuj] 〈x1 is a sandwich | layering [not restricted to 

food] of x2 sandwiched between x3〉 

snulalske discourse analysis [casnu+lanli+saske] 

snura [nu’a, nur] 〈x1 is secure | safe from threat x2 

(event)〉 

snusna sound of talking, babble, chatter [casnu+sance] 

snuti [nut] 〈x1 (event | state) is an accident | 

unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an accident〉 

snuxau debatable, worth discussing [casnu+xamgu] 

so [PA1] [soz] 9 digit | number: 9 (digit) [nine] 

so’a [PA4] [soj] almost all digit | number: almost all 

(digit | number) 

so’e [PA4] [sop] most digit | number: most 

so’eroi [ROI] usually tense interval modifier: usually; 


so’i [PA4] [so’i, sor] many digit | number: many 

so’imei [MOI] is a bunch quantified selbri: convert 

many to cardinal; x1 is a set with many members x2 of 

total set x3 

so’iroi [ROI] many times tense interval modifier: many 

times; objective tense; defaults as time tense 

so’o [PA4] [sos] several digit | number: several 

so’u [PA4] [sot] few digit | number: few 

so’uroi [ROI] a few times tense interval modifier: a few 

times; objective tense; defaults as time tense

sobde spetunba 

sobde [so’e, sob] 〈x1 is a quantity of soya [grain | bean] 

of species | strain x2〉 

sodna 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of alkali 

metal of type x2 [default sodium]〉 also potassium, 

lithium, cesium 

sodva [sod] 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity of a 

carbonated beverage | soda of flavor | brand x2〉 also: 

soft drink (though this sometimes includes tea and coffee 

as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are ”hard 

drinks”) 

softo [sof] 〈x1 reflects Russian empire | USSR | 

ex-USSR (Soviet] | CIS culture | nationality in aspect 

x2〉 

soi [SOI] reciprocal sumti discursive: reciprocal sumti 

marker; indicates a reciprocal relationship between sumti 

soidji to want a soldier [sonci+djica] 

soirnei to like a soldier [sonci+nelci] 

soki’o [PA] 9,000 number | quantity: 9,000 expressed 

with comma 

solboi the Sun [solri+bolci] 

solji [slo] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of gold 

(Au); [metaphor: valuable, heavy, non-reactive]〉 

solri [sol] 〈x1 is the sun of home planet x2 (default 

Earth) of race x3; (adjective:) x1 is solar〉 ’home planet’ 

refers to a planet which is ”home” to a race, but not 

necessarily the original ”home” of a species if that 

species inhabits many worlds 

solxrula sunflower [solri+xrula] 

sombo [so’o, som] 〈x1 sows | plants x2 [crop | plants] at 

| in x3〉 

somoi [MOI] is ninth among quantified selbri: convert 9 

to ordinal selbri; x1 is ninth among x2 ordered by rule x3 

sonci [soi, son] 〈x1 is a soldier | warrior | fighter of army 

x2〉 

sono [PA] 90 number | quantity: 90 [ninety] 

sonono [PA] 900 number | quantity: 900 [nine hundred] 

sonralju officer [sonci+ralju] 

sorcu [soc, sro] 〈x1 is a store | deposit | supply | reserve 

of materials | energy x2 in containment x3〉 x3 need not 

be a container, but could merely be a site | location 

restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the 

supply is identified and distinguished from other 

occurrences of the stored x2 that are not part of the store 

sorgu [sog] 〈x1 is a quantity of sorghum of species | 

strain x2〉 

sosoce’i [PA] 99 percent number | quantity: 99% 

(number) 

sovda [so’a, sov] 〈x1 is an egg | ovum | sperm | pollen | 

gamete of | from organism [mother | father] x2〉 (poorly 

metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being 

unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevyso’aseltai, but better: 

claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso’a), of a bird (= 

cpifetso’a, cpiso’a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso’a, 

jipcyso’a] (but note that Lojban does not require 

specificity, just as English doesn’t for either milk or eggs; 

”sovda” is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju 

or tarbi 

sovrango gonad [sovda+rango] 

sovyseltai ovoid, oblate, egg-shaped [sovda+se+tarmi] 

sozepimu [PA] 97.5 number | quantity: 97.5 

spacange crop | flower | tree-growing farm 

[spati+cange] 

spacau barren [spati+claxu] 

spagunma bush [spati+gunma] 

spaji [paj] 〈x1 (event | action abstract) surprises | startles 

| is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2〉 also 

expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= tepspaji) 

spali 〈x1 (agent) polishes object | surface x2 with polish 

x3, applied using tool x4〉 

spano [san] 〈x1 reflects Spanish-speaking culture | 

nationality | language in aspect x2〉 metaphorical 

restriction to Spain by contrast with xispo (comparable to 

the distinction between glico and merko | sralo | brito | 

kadno); Spain (= sangu’e); Spanish dialects spoken in 

Spain, especially Castillian (= sansanbau) 

spatadni botanist [spati+tadni] 

spati [spa] 〈x1 is a plant | herb | greenery of species | 

strain | cultivar x2〉 also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable | 

vegetal | vegetative 

spebunspe person married to spouse’s brother; 

brother-in-law’s wife [speni+bruna+speni] 

spegau to marry someone to someone [speni+gasnu] 

spemamta mother-in-law [speni+mamta] 

speni [spe] 〈x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 

under law | custom | tradition | system | convention x3〉 

sperirni parent-in-law [speni+rirni] 

spetubyspe two people married to siblings, concu nado | 

a [speni+tunba+speni] 

spetunba sibling of spouse of... [speni+tunba] 

85

spezau stedu 

spezau to approve of someone as a spouse 

[speni+zanru] 

spicku scrapbook [spisa+cukta] 

spisa [spi] 〈x1 [object | substance] is a piece | portion | 

lump | chunk | particle of x2 [substance]〉 

spita 〈x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for condition 

| injuries | disease | illness x3〉 hospice (a place where x2 

of spita is lenu mrobi’o = mrospita) 

spixra mosaic [spisa+pixra] 

spofriti to sacrifice something [daspo+friti] 

spofu [po’u, pof] 〈x1 is broken | inoperable | broken 

down | non-utile | not usable for function x2〉 agentive 

break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, 

pofyzu’e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, 

non-agentive (= pofyja’e, nutpo’uja’e) 

spoja [po’a, poj] 〈x1 bursts | explodes | violently breaks 

up | decomposes | combusts into pieces | energy | 

fragments x2〉 

spopli to destroy something in using it, to ruin 

something [daspo+pilno] 

spuda [spu] 〈x1 answers | replies to | responds to person 

| object | event | situation | stimulus x2 with response x3〉 

x3 also answer | reply 

spusku respond [spuda+cusku] 

sputu [pu’u, put] 〈x1 spits | expectorates x2 

[predominantly liquid] from x3 to | onto x4〉 saliva | spit 

| sputum | spittle (= molselpu’u) 

sraji [raj] 〈x1 is vertical | upright | erect | plumb | 

oriented straight up and down in reference frame | 

gravity x2〉 

sraku [rak] 〈x1 [abrasive | cutting | scratching object | 

implement] scratches | [carves] | erodes | cuts [into] x2〉 

sralo 〈x1 reflects Australian culture | nationality | 

geography | dialect in aspect x2〉 

srana [ra’a] 〈x1 pertains to | is germane | relevant to | 

concerns | is related | associated with | is about x2〉 also: 

x1 is a question of | treats of x2; can be symmetric, 

although x1 is conventionally more specific or 

constrained in scope than x2 

srasu [sas] 〈x1 is a blade | expanse of grass of species 

x2〉 lawn | meadow (= sasfoi) 

srera [sre] 〈x1 errs in doing | being | making mistake x2 

(event), an error under conditions x3 by standard x4〉 

srimakyvelvei tape [computer or sound] 

[dasri+maksi+ve+vreji] 

86 

srito 〈x1 reflects Sanskrit language | Sanskritic | Vedic 

culture | nationality in aspect x2〉 

sropanka parking lot [sorcu+panka] 

sruma [ru’a] 〈x1 assumes | supposes that x2 (du’u) is 

true about subject x3; [epistemology]〉 words usable for 


sruri [rur, sru] 〈x1 encircles | encloses | is surrounding 

x2 in direction(s) | dimension(s) | plane x3〉 (jinsru =) x1 

is a ring | belt | band | girdle around | circling | ringing 

x2 near total containment in some dimension(s) 

stace [sac] 〈x1 is honest | open | truthfully revealing to | 

candid | frank with x2 about matter | fact x3〉 also 

straight, straight-forward 

stagau to park a vehicle [stali+gasnu] 

stagi 〈x1 is the edible x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a 

vegetable〉 note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; 

generally this word will be used for either the general 

category of edible plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= 

nalrutstagi) 

stagypurdi vegetable garden [stagi+purdi] 

staku [tak] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of 

ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form | shape 

x4〉 made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: 


specification 

stali [sta] 〈x1 remains | stays at | abides | lasts with x2〉 

stani 〈x1 is a | the stalk | stem | trunk [body-part] of 

plant | species x2; [metaphor: main support]〉 

stapa [tap] 〈x1 steps | treads on | in surface x2 using 

limbs x3〉 

stasu 〈x1 is a quantity of soup | stew | olla | olio [food] 

of ingredients including x2〉 x2 is in x1, an ingredient | 

part | component of x1 

stati 〈x1 has a talent | aptitude | innate skill for doing | 

being x2〉 

steba [seb] 〈x1 feels frustration about x2 (abstraction)〉 

steci [te’i, tec] 〈x1 (ka) is specific | particular | 

specialized | [special] | a defining property of x2 among 

x3 (set)〉 x2 are members | individuals of a subset of x3; 

object whose association is specific | defining of a subset 

or individuals (= tecra’a, also cf. cmavo list po’e, [x2 is 

also special to x1]); also: especially | strongly | 

specifically associated 

stedu [sed] 〈x1 is a | the head [body-part] of x2; 

[metaphor: uppermost portion]〉 skull (= sedbo’u)

stela sutra 

stela [tel] 〈x1 is a lock | seal of | on | for sealing x2 with 

| by locking mechanism x3〉 

stero [te’o] 〈x1 is x2 steradian(s) [metric unit] in solid 

angle (default is 1) by standard x3〉 

stici [sic] 〈x1 is to the west | western side of x2 


stidi [sid, ti’i] 〈x1 (agent) suggests | proposes idea | 

action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in | 

among x3〉 event which inspires | suggests | is suggestive 

(= faurti’i, sidyfau) 

stika [tik] 〈x1 (event) adjusts | regulates | changes x2 (ka 

| ni) in amount | degree x3〉 non-resultative, agentive 

change 

stizu [tiz] 〈x1 is a chair | stool | seat | bench, a piece or 

portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting〉 

stodatni a constant [stodi+datni] 

stodi [sto] 〈x1 is constant | invariant | unchanging in 

property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus | conditions x3〉 

also stable | consistent | steadfast | firm | steady 

stuna [sun] 〈x1 is to the east | eastern side of x2 


stura [su’a, tur] 〈x1 is a structure | arrangement | 

organization of x2 [set | system | complexity]〉 

stuzi [stu, tuz] 〈x1 is an inherent | inalienable site | place 

| position | situation | spot | location of x2 (object | 

event)〉 generally used for normally stationary objects | 

events, to give their ’permanent’ location 

su [SU] erase discourse erase to start of discourse or 

text; drop subject or start over 

su’a [UI2] I generalize evidential: I generalize - I 

particularize; discursive: abstractly - concretely sucta, 

sucni’i 

su’anai [UI2] I particularize evidential: I generalize - I 

particularize; discursive: abstractly - concretely 

su’e [PA4] [su’e, sup] at most digit | number: at most 

(all); no more than 

su’i [VUhU1] plus n-ary mathematical operator: plus; 

addition operator; [(((a + b) + c) + ...)] 

su’o [PA4] [su’o, suz] at least digit | number: at least 

(some); no less than 

su’oremei [MOI] is plural quantified selbri: convert at 

least 2 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with plural 

membership x2 

su’oremoi [MOI] is at least second quantified selbri: 

convert at least 2 to ordinal selbri; x1 is at-least-2nd 


su’u [NU] [suv] unspecif abstract abstractor: generalized 

abstractor (how); x1 is [bridi] as a non-specific 

abstraction of type x2 

sucta [suc] 〈x1 (si’o) is abstracted | generalized | 

idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3〉 

sudga [sud] 〈x1 is dry of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is 

arid〉 

sudgau to dry something [sudga+gasnu] 

sudyfoi desert [sudga+foldi] 

sudysrasu hay [sudga+srasu] 

sufti [sfu] 〈x1 is a | the hoof [body-part] of x2〉 

suksa [suk] 〈x1 (event | state) is sudden | sharply 

changes at stage | point x2 in process | property | 

function x3〉 also abrupt, discontinuous 

sukybajykla to bolt [run] [suksa+bajra+klama] 

sulkai wooly, fuzzy [sunla+ckaji] 

sulmai fuzzy, wooly [sunla+marji] 

sumji [suj] 〈x1 is a mathematical sum | result | total of 

x2 plus | increased by x3〉 

sumne 〈x1 (experiencer) smells | scents (transitive verb) 

x2; x2 smells | has odor | scent to observer x1〉 

sumnyjirna antenna [of insect] [sumne+jirna] 

sumtcita argument label [sumti+tcita] 

sumti [su’i, sum] 〈x1 is a | the argument of predicate | 

function x2 filling place x3 (kind | number)〉 

sunga [sug] 〈x1 is a quantity of garlic [bulb] of species | 

strain x2〉 

sunla [sul] 〈x1 is a quantity of | made from | consists of 

wool [tight curly hair] from animal | species | source x2〉 

sunzdo East Asian, Far East [stuna+xazdo] 

sunzdopre East Asian person, ’oriental’ 

[stuna+xazdo+prenu] 

surdzu to amble [surla+cadzu] 

surla [sur] 〈x1 relaxes | rests | is at ease in | by doing | 

being x2 (activity)〉 

sutctidja fast food [to eat] [sutra+citka+cidja] 

sutfau fly by [e.g. ”Blur in brain”]; more generally, a 

flash [of an event] [sutra+fasnu] 

sutfle rush in [of liquid] [sutra+flecu] 

sutkemjupsabdja fast food [quick to prepare and eat] 

[sutra+ke+jukpa+sabji+cidja] 

sutkla to go quickly [sutra+klama] 

sutmau faster [sutra+zmadu] 

sutra [sut] 〈x1 is fast | swift | quick | hastes | rapid at 

doing | being | bringing about x2 (event | state)〉 

87

sutrai tankyjelgau 

sutrai fastest [sutra+traji] 

sutraisli sopranino [sutra+traji+slilu] 

sutsabdja fast food (canonical term) [sutra+sabji+cidja] 

sutspu to reply fast [sutra+spuda] 

sutybai to rush someone [sutra+bapli] 

sutygau to rush someone [sutra+gasnu] 

sutyjupydja microwaveable food (not ”fast food”, cf. 

sutryzbadja) [sutra+jukpa+cidja] 

sutyjvi race [speed] [sutra+jivna] 

sutyterjvi speed race [sutra+te+jivna] 

sutyzbadja fast food [McFood] [sutra+zbasu+cidja] 

sy [BY2] s letteral for s 

ta [KOhA6] [taz] that there pro-sumti: that there; nearby 

demonstrative it; indicated thing | place near listener 

ta’a [COI] interruption vocative: interruption 

ta’e [TAhE] habitually tense interval modifier: 

habitually; subjective tense | modal; defaults as time 

tense 

ta’enai [TAhE] non-habitually tense interval modifier: 

non-habitually; subjective tense | modal; defaults as time 

tense 

ta’i [BAI] by method tadji modal, 1st place (in manner 

3) methodically; by method ... 

ta’i ma [BAI] by what method? sumti question asking 

for a method; how? 

ta’o [UI3] by the way discursive: by the way - returning 

to main point denpa, cneterta’a 

ta’onai [UI3] return to main point discursive: by the 

way - returning to main point 

ta’u [UI3a] making a tanru discursive: making a tanru - 

expanding the tanru tanru 

ta’unai [UI3a] expanding the tanru discursive: making 

a tanru - expanding the tanru 

tabno [tab] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of 

carbon | graphite | [diamond] | charcoal; x1 is organic〉 

tabra 〈x1 is a horn | trumpet | trombone | bugle 

[brass-wind | lip-reed musical instrument]〉 

tacpinxe lick [drink by licking]; lap up [tance+pinxe] 

tactungau lick [poke with tongue] [tance+tunta+gasnu] 

tacycra advanced [of vowels] [tance+crane] 

tacydzi lowered [of vowels] [tance+dizlo] 

tacymidju centralised [of vowels] [tance+midju] 

tadgri study group [tadni+girzu] 

tadji 〈x1 [process] is a method | technique | approach | 

means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3〉 also 

practice | way | mode; style | manner | conduct (= 

88 

tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo’a, or platadji, 

tadjypla) 

tadni [tad] 〈x1 studies | is a student of x2; x1 is a 

scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly〉 

tadycku textbook [tadni+cukta] 

tadypre student [tadni+prenu] 

tafkoi hem of... [taxfu+korbi] 

tafygunma suit, ensemble of clothes, costume 

[taxfu+gunma] 

tagji [tag] 〈x1 is snug | tight on x2 in dimension | 

direction x3 at locus x4〉 

tagmau tighter [tagji+zmadu] 

tagysna squeak [of door] [tagji+sance] 

tai [BAI] in form tamsmi modal, 1st place (like) | (in 

manner 2) resembling ...; sharing ideal form ... (x1 

resembles x2 sharing ideal form | shape x3 in property 

x4) 

taismi resembles in shape [tarmi+simsa] 

taktapla ceramic tile [staku+tapla] 

takybli brick [staku+bliku] 

talsa [tal] 〈x1 (person) challenges x2 at | in property x3〉 

tamca 〈x1 is a tomato [fruit | vegetable | plant] of 


tamglefri orgasm [tarmi+gletu+lifri] 

tamji [taj] 〈x1 is a | the thumb | big toe [body-part] on 

limb x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape]〉 thumb 

(specifically the hand = xantamji), big toe (= jmatamji) 

tamne 〈x1 is cousin to x2 by bond | tie x3; 

[non-immediate family member, default same 

generation]〉 

tanbargu rainbow [tsani+bargu] 

tanbo [ta’o] 〈x1 is a board | plank [3-dimensional long 

flat rectangle] of material x2〉 

tance [tac] 〈x1 is a | the tongue [body-part] of x2; 

(metaphor: similar to nazbi, tamji, degji)〉 (adjective:) x1 

is lingual 

tanjo 〈x1 is the trigonometric tangent of angle | 

arctangent x2〉 

tanko 〈x1 is a quantity of tobacco [leaf] of species | 

strain x2〉 

tankycacpli to have a smoking habit 

[tanko+tcaci+pilno] 

tankydanmo tobacco smoke [tanko+danmo] 

tankyjelfri to have a smoke [tanko+jelca+lifri] 

tankyjelgau to smoke something [tanko+jelca+gasnu]

tankypli tcexai 

tankypli to smoke something [tanko+pilno] 

tanru [tau] 〈x1 is a binary metaphor formed with x2 

modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in usage | instance x5〉 

tansi [tas] 〈x1 is a pan | basin | tub | sink, a shallow 

container for contents x2, of material | properties x3〉 

also bowl 

tanxe [ta’e, tax] 〈x1 is a box | carton | trunk | crate for 

contents x2, and made of material x3〉 

tapkla to step to something [stapa+klama] 

tapla 〈x1 is a tile | cake [shape | form] of material x2, 

shape x3, thickness x4〉 a tile is a 3-dimensional object, 

relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, 

but thin enough that its shape in the the other two 

dimensions is a significant feature; ’city block’ is 

conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - 

shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, 

lijyclupa - a loop composed of lines) 

taplytai polygon [tapla+tarmi] 

tarbi 〈x1 is an embryo | zygote | fetus | fertilized egg 

with mother x2, and father x3〉 

tarci [tar] 〈x1 is a star | sun with stellar properties x2〉 

tarla 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of tar | 

asphalt from source x2〉 

tarmi [tai, tam] 〈x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape | form 

of object | abstraction | manifestation x2 (object | 

abstract)〉 also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or 

theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object | event 

manifesting that form; e.g. circular | circle-shaped (= 

cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is 

ambiguous); model (= ci’ersaptai, saptai, ci’ersmitai, 

smitai) 

tarti [tra] 〈x1 behaves | conducts oneself as | in-manner 

x2 (event | property) under conditions x3〉 also 

(adjective:) x1 is behavioral 

taske 〈x1 thirsts for x2; x1 needs | wants drink | fluid | 

lubrication x2〉 

tatpi [ta’i] 〈x1 is tired | fatigued by effort | situation x2 

(event); x1 needs | wants rest〉 

tatru [tat] 〈x1 is a | the breast | mammary | teat 

[body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing 

liquid]〉 nipple (= tatyji’o) 

tau [LAU] shift next lerfu 2-word letteral | shift: change 

case for next letteral only 

taurselpli is used as a tanru [tanru+se+pilno] 

tauzba make tanru [tanru+zbasu] 

tavjmi understand someone talking [tavla+jimpe] 

tavla [ta’a, tav] 〈x1 talks | speaks to x2 about subject x3 

in language x4〉 not limited to vocal speech, but this is 

implied by the x4 without context of some other medium 

of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker 

implication of vocal communication); converse | discuss 

| chat (= simta’a, simsku, vricysimta’a for a conversation 

not clearly delimited by subject) 

tavnei talkative, loquacious [tavla+nelci] 

taxfu [ta’u, taf] 〈x1 is dress | a garment | clothing for 

wearing by x2 (gender | species | body part) serving 

purpose x3〉 also: x2 can wear | is wearing x1; refers to 

something intended for use as a garment, not merely 

something that happens to be worn at some time (which 

need not be true for dasni) 

tcaci [cac] 〈x1 is a custom | habit | [ritual | rut] of x2 

under conditions x3〉 also: x1 is customary | usual | the 

practice 

tcadu [tca] 〈x1 is a town | city of metropolitan area x2, 

in political unit x3, serving hinterland | region x4〉 also 

(adjective:) x1 is urban 

tcakarni local newspaper [tcadu+karni] 

tcana 〈x1 is a station | node of | in | on transport | 

communication | distribution system | network x2〉 x2 

may be represented by massed vehicles of system 

tcanai city-state; city as social unit [tcadu+natmi] 

tcati 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity of tea 

brewed from leaves x2〉 

tcatru mayor, municipality [tcadu+turni] 

tcatytei tea-time [tcati+temci] 

tcavro town gate [tcadu+vorme] 

tcavru city noise [tcadu+savru] 

tcebra huge [mutce+barda] 

tcecla very long [mutce+clani] 

tcecli learned [of person] [mutce+cilre] 

tcecne varying, diverse [mutce+cenba] 

tcefri experienced [mutce+lifri] 

tcegei very happy [mutce+gleki] 

tcena [ten] 〈x1 stretches | extends to range x2 [interval | 

extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4〉 

tcesau ancient [mutce+slabu] 

tceselspaji astonished [mutce+se+spaji] 

tceselxai much-injured [mutce+se+xrani] 

tcesnosli bass [mutce+masno+slilu] 

tcesutsli soprano [mutce+sutra+slilu] 

tcexai much-injuring, dangerous [mutce+xrani] 

89

tcica tele’a 

tcica [tic] 〈x1 (event | experience) misleads | deceives | 

dupes | fools | cheats | tricks x2 into x3 (event | state)〉 

agentive deception (= ticygau, ticyzu’e); x3 could be an 

action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or 

result is not implied (= malticyzu’e for such harmful 

intent); self deception (= sezytcica); deceive | trick into 

misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); 

fib | lie | tell an untruth | lie | fib (= ticysku, jifsku), white 

lie (= zanticysku) 

tcidu [tid] 〈x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface | 

document | reading material x3; x1 is a reader〉 

tcika 〈x1 [hours, minutes, seconds] is the time | hour of 

state | event x2 on day x3 at location x4〉 also o’clock, 

time-of-day 

tcikyselylacri prompt [tcika+se+lacri] 

tcikyzga to watch | find the time of day | the time when 

something occurs [tcika+zgana] 

tcila [til] 〈x1 is a detail | feature | particular of x2〉 

tcima [ti’a, tim] 〈x1 is weather at place | region x2; 

(adjective:) x1 is meteorological〉 climate (= citsyti’a, 

timymo’a) 

tcini 〈x1 [state | property] is a situation | condition | 

state | position | are conditions | circumstances of x2〉 

characteristics or environment of an object | event | 

process stage or state that are typically | potentially only 

temporary 

tcita 〈x1 is a label | tag of x2 showing information x3〉 

tciveljai handle of a tool [tutci+ve+jgari] 

tcokumte llama [ketco+kumte] 

te [SE] [ter] 3rd conversion 3rd conversion; switch 1st | 

3rd places 

te’a [VUhU2] to the power binary mathematical 

operator: to the power; exponential; [a to the b power] 

te’e [FAhA3] bordering location tense relation | 

direction; edged by | edging up to ... 

te’o [PA5] exponential e digit | number: exponential e 

(approx 2.71828...) 

te’u [TEhU] end mex converters elidable terminator: 

end conversion between non-mex and mex; usually 

elidable 

tebau [BAI] expressing bangu modal, 3rd place 

(expression) language expressing ... 

tebe’i [BAI] sent to benji modal, 3rd place (source) sent 

to receiver ... 

tebykre moustache [ctebi+kerfa] 

90 

teca’i [BAI] basis for authority catni modal, 3rd place 

authoritatively; with basis of authority ... 

teci’e [BAI] of system components ciste modal, 3rd 

place of system components ... 

teci’o [BAI] emoting about cinmo modal, 3rd place 

(attitude about) emotionally; emoting about ... 

tecmau more specific [steci+zmadu] 

tecu’u [BAI] as told to cusku modal, 3rd place (3rd 

party hearsay) as told to ... 

tedboi globe [terdi+bolci] 

tede’i [BAI] on date at location detri modal, 3rd place 

on a date measured at location ... 

tedi’o [BAI] at locus within range diklo modal, 3rd 

place locally; at specific locus within range ... 

tedu’i [BAI] equal in property dunli modal, 3rd place 

equally; equal in property ... 

tedu’o [BAI] knowing about djuno modal, 3rd place 

knowingly; knowing about ... 

tedyplini the planet Earth [terdi+plini] 

tefi’e [BAI] created for purpose finti modal, 3rd place 

creatively; created for purpose ... 

tega’a [BAI] observed by means zgana modal, 3rd place 

observed by means ... 

tei [TEI] composite lerfu composite letteral follows; 

used for muti-character letterals 

teicla old, having survived a long time [temci+clani] 

teistu the time at which something happens 

[temci+stuzi] 

teja’i [BAI] by rule within javni modal, 3rd place 

orderly; by rule within system ... 

teji’e [BAI] limited in property jimte modal, 3rd place 

limitedly; limited in property | domain ... 

teji’o [BAI] controlling event jitro modal, 3rd place 

controlledly; controlling event ... 

teka’a [BAI] with origin klama modal, 3rd place with 

origin ... 

teka’i [BAI] representing in krati modal, 2nd place 

representingly; representing in matter... 

teki’i [BAI] with relation ckini modal, 3rd place with 

relation ... 

tekoi [BAI] bordering korbi modal, 3rd place 

(bounding) bordering ... 

tela’u [BAI] measured on scale klani modal, 3rd place 

quantity measured on scale ... 

tele’a [BAI] defined by quality klesi modal, 3rd place 

(category) defined by quality ...

teli’e tercidni 

teli’e [BAI] ordered in sequence lidne modal, 3rd place 

ordered within sequence ...; non-time sequence 

tema’e [BAI] in material form marji modal, 3rd place in 

material form ... 

tema’i [BAI] rules of standard manri modal, 3rd place 

(of reference) observed | measured with | by rules ... 

temau [BAI] more in property zmadu modal, 3rd place 

(relative!) more than | exceeding in property ... 

tembavdei anniversary day [temci+balvi+djedi] 

tembavytei anniversary [temci+balvi+temci] 

temci [tei, tem] 〈x1 is the time-duration | interval | 

period | [elapsed time] from time | event x2 to time | 

event x3〉 also age | elapsed time (= niltei) 

temcimni eternal [temci+cimni] 

teme’a [BAI] less in property mleca modal, 3rd place 

(relative!) less than in property ... 

teme’e [BAI] as a name used by cmene modal, 3rd 

place as a name used by ... 

temu’i [BAI] motive of person mukti modal, 3rd place 

motivated | motivating per the volition of ... 

temu’u [BAI] example out oof set mupli modal, 3rd 

place as an example out of the set of ... 

tenfa [tef] 〈x1 is the exponential result of base x2 to 

power | exponent x3〉 

tengu [te’u, teg] 〈x1 (property-ka) is a texture of x2〉 

teni’i [BAI] under logic system nibli modal, 3rd place 

entailment under logic system ... 

tepa’a [BAI] contrasting property panra modal, 3rd 

place (property) contrastingly; contrasting in property ... 

tepcau fearless [terpa+claxu] 

tepi’o [BAI] usage for purpose pilno modal, 3rd place 

(instrumental) a tool usage for purpose ... 

tepo’i [BAI] ordering items porsi modal, 3rd place 

sequentially; as an order on set of items ... 

teprai most afraid [terpa+traji] 

tepringau to cause fear [terpa+krinu+gasnu] 

tepu’a [BAI] pleasing conditions pluka modal, 3rd 

place pleasingly; being pleasing under conditions ... 

tepu’e [BAI] processing into pruce modal, 3rd place 

(outputs) processing into outputs ... 

tepygau to scare [terpa+gasnu] 

terai [BAI] at extreme traji modal, 3rd place 

(superlative) -est; most extremely; at extreme ... 

terbajra running limbs [te+bajra] 

terbakfu bundle wrapping [te+bakfu] 

terbakri chalk form [te+bakri] 

terbaktu bucket material [te+baktu] 

terbancu reference for beyond [te+bancu] 

terbandu adversary [te+bandu] 

terbanxa banking functions [te+banxa] 

terbanzu sufficiency condition [te+banzu] 

terbargu arch material [te+bargu] 

terbarja bar customers [te+barja] 

terbasna emphasis [te+basna] 

terbasti replacement condition [te+basti] 

terbatci bite locus [te+batci] 

terbatke button purpose [te+batke] 

terbau [te+bangu] 

terbei destination [for cargo] [te+bevri] 

terberti frame for north [te+berti] 

terbilga obligation standard [te+bilga] 

terbilni military purpose [te+bilni] 

terbinra covered condition [te+binra] 

terble weakness standard [te+ruble] 

terbli block surface [te+bliku] 

terblo propel boat [te+bloti] 

terbra bigness standard [te+barda] 

terbradi struggle [with enemy] [te+bradi] 

terbri predicate arguments [te+bridi] 

terbriju branch [of an office] [te+briju] 

terbru bristles [of brush] [te+burcu] 

terbunda pound standard [te+bunda] 

tercacra hour standard [te+cacra] 

tercai find intense [te+carmi] 

tercakyjme pearl [te+calku+jemna] 

tercalku shell material [te+calku] 

tercanci see vanish [te+canci] 

tercange farmer [te+cange] 

tercanja exchanged for [te+canja] 

tercanre sand composition [te+canre] 

tercarce propel cart [te+carce] 

tercarna rotational direction [te+carna] 

tercartu shown on chart [te+cartu] 

tercarvi rained from [te+carvi] 

tercatra killing method [te+catra] 

tercaxno shallow reference point [te+caxno] 

tercei dominion of god [te+cevni] 

tercenti .01’s dimension [te+centi] 

tercerda bequeath [te+cerda] 

tercerni morning location [te+cerni] 

tercfi result of flaw [te+cfila] 

tercidni has knee [te+cidni] 

91

tercigla terdze 

tercigla has gland [te+cigla] 

tercikre use for repaired item [te+cikre] 

tercimde dimensional model [te+cimde] 

tercimni infinity degree [te+cimni] 

tercinba place kissed [te+cinba] 

tercinla thinness standard [te+cinla] 

tercinse sexuality [te+cinse] 

tercinta paint base [te+cinta] 

tercinza grasped with tongs [te+cinza] 

tercipra tested [te+cipra] 

tercitri historian [te+citri] 

tercitsi year of season [te+citsi] 

tercivla louse host [te+civla] 

tercizra strangeness property [te+cizra] 

tercka on bed [te+ckana] 

terckabu rubber composition [te+ckabu] 

terckape peril conditions [te+ckape] 

terckasu ridiculous [te+ckasu] 

tercke ashamed before [te+ckeji] 

tercki get explanation [te+ciksi] 

terckiku key property [te+ckiku] 

terckire object of gratitude [te+ckire] 

tercko is drained [te+cokcu] 

tercku author [of a book] [te+cukta] 

tercla length standard [te+clani] 

tercli subject learned [about] [te+cilre] 

terclika mossy [te+clika] 

terclite politeness standard [te+clite] 

tercma smallness standard [te+cmalu] 

tercme namer [te+cmene] 

tercmo expressed by moan [te+cmoni] 

tercne variance [te+cenba] 

tercni object of emotion [te+cinmo] 

tercnu manual conditions [te+macnu] 

tercoi depth reference point [te+condi] 

tercpa got from [te+cpacu] 

tercpana reference for upon [te+cpana] 

tercpare direction climbed [te+cpare] 

tercpe requested from [te+cpedu] 

tercpu pulling locus [te+lacpu] 

tercra reference for front [te+crane] 

tercradi radio station [te+cradi] 

tercre expertise standard [te+certu] 

tercrepu harvested from [te+crepu] 

tercri loss conditions [te+cirko] 

tercripu 1st side of bridge [te+cripu] 

92 

tercrisa summer location [te+crisa] 

tercritu autumn location [te+critu] 

tercru permission condition [te+curmi] 

terctaru raise tide [te+ctaru] 

tercte night location [te+nicte] 

terctebi has lip [te+ctebi] 

tercto 100’s dimension [te+xecto] 

terctu teaching [te+ctuca] 

tercutci shoe material [te+cutci] 

terdacru drawer contents [te+dacru] 

terdakfu knife material [te+dakfu] 

terdakli material [of sack] [te+dakli] 

terdandu hung by [te+dandu] 

terdapma damnation [te+dapma] 

terdargu road terminus [te+dargu] 

terdasni worn as [te+dasni] 

terdatni data collection [te+datni] 

terdau argued against [te+darlu] 

terdecti .1’s dimension [te+decti] 

terdegji has finger [te+degji] 

terdei full day standard [te+djedi] 

terdejni owed [te+dejni] 

terdekpu gallon standard [te+dekpu] 

terdekto 10’s dimension [te+dekto] 

terdenmi density locus [te+denmi] 

terdetri date location [te+detri] 

terdi [ted] 〈x1 is the Earth | the home planet of race x2; 

(adjective:) x1 is terrestrial | earthbound〉 

terdicra interruption [te+dicra] 

terdikca amount of charge [te+dikca] 

terdikni regular period [te+dikni] 

terdilcu divisor [te+dilcu] 

terdilnu cloudy [te+dilnu] 

terdirgo surround drops [te+dirgo] 

terdji purpose desired for [te+djica] 

terdjine ring inside diameter [te+djine] 

terdju helped to do [te+sidju] 

terdra correctness situation [te+drani] 

terdraci dramatist [te+draci] 

terdrata otherness standard [te+drata] 

terdre heap location [te+derxi] 

terdugri logarithm base [te+dugri] 

terdukti scale of opposites [te+dukti] 

terdunja freezing pressure [te+dunja] 

terdunra winter location [te+dunra] 

terdze ancestral bond [te+dzena]

terdzi terkabri 

terdzi lowness standard [te+dizlo] 

terdzu walking limb [te+cadzu] 

terfadni set with typical [te+fadni] 

terfagri air for fire [te+fagri] 

terfai share [te+fatri] 

terfalnu sailing craft [te+falnu] 

terfamti avuncular bond [te+famti] 

terfancu function range [te+fancu] 

terfange perceive as alien [te+fange] 

terfanri raw material for factory [te+fanri] 

terfanva target language [te+fanva] 

terfarvi developed from [te+farvi] 

terfebvi boiling point pressure [te+febvi] 

terfei money system of cent [te+fepni] 

terfemti 1E-15’s dimension [te+femti] 

terfendi division [te+fendi] 

terfla community with law [te+flalu] 

terfle flow destination [te+flecu] 

terfra stimulus [reacted to] [te+frati] 

terfraxu matter forgiven [te+fraxu] 

terfrica difference property [te+frica] 

terfrili easiness conditions [te+frili] 

terfrinu denominator [te+frinu] 

terfriti receive offer [te+friti] 

terfro fork tine [te+forca] 

tergadri article language [te+gadri] 

terganra breadth standard [te+ganra] 

terganti gonad gender [te+ganti] 

terganzu organized [te+ganzu] 

tergapci gas conditions [te+gapci] 

tergapru reference for above [te+gapru] 

tergarna rail material [te+garna] 

terginka campsite [te+ginka] 

tergocti 1E-24’s dimension [te+gocti] 

tergotro 1E24’s dimension [te+gotro] 

tergra gram standard [te+grake] 

tergre passed to [te+pagre] 

tergri membership [te+girzu] 

tergundi industrial process [te+gundi] 

tergunta attack goal [te+gunta] 

terguska scraped from [te+guska] 

tergusta restaurant customer [te+gusta] 

tergutci cubit standard [te+gutci] 

teri’a [BAI] causal conditions rinka modal, 2nd place 

(phys. | mental) causally under conditions ... 

terjabre braking device [te+jabre] 

terjai grasping appendage [te+jgari] 

terjakne payload [of a rocket] [te+jakne] 

terjalna starch composition [te+jalna] 

terjamna in contention [te+jamna] 

terjanco has shoulder [te+janco] 

terjansu diplomat posting [te+jansu] 

terjanta billed [te+janta] 

terjarki narrowness standard [te+jarki] 

terjaspu issue passport [te+jaspu] 

terjbe birthday [te+jbena] 

terjbera lender [te+jbera] 

terjbi nearness property [te+jibni] 

terjbu leg [te+jubme] 

terjda creed [te+lijda] 

terjdari firmness conditions [te+jdari] 

terjde danger [warned of] [te+kajde] 

terjdi matter decided [te+jdice] 

terjdika decrease amount [te+jdika] 

terjeftu week standard [te+jeftu] 

terjei army function [te+jenmi] 

terjelca burning atmosphere [te+jelca] 

terjendu axle material [te+jendu] 

terjerna paid work [te+jerna] 

terjga subtend angle [te+jganu] 

terjgina genetic trait [te+jgina] 

terjijnu intuition subject [te+jijnu] 

terjilra reason for jealousy [te+jilra] 

terjimte limitation property [te+jimte] 

terjinku vaccinated against [te+jinku] 

terjinsa cleanness standard [te+jinsa] 

terjinto well location [te+jinto] 

terjivbu yarn for weaving [te+jivbu] 

terjmaji gathered from [te+jmaji] 

terjme jewel source [te+jemna] 

terjmi subject understood [te+jimpe] 

terjmifa has shoal [te+jmifa] 

terjmina added to [te+jmina] 

terjudri address system [te+judri] 

terjukpa recipe [te+jukpa] 

terjunla precision [te+junla] 

terjunta gravity causing weight [te+junta] 

terjutsi family of species [te+jutsi] 

terjva has rule [te+javni] 

terjvi contest [te+jivna] 

terjvo argument [of affix compound] [te+lujvo] 

terkabri cup material [te+kabri] 

93

terkacma ternandu 

terkacma photographic medium [te+kacma] 

terkafke orifice coughed from [te+kafke] 

terkagni company purpose [te+kagni] 

terkajna shelf purpose [te+kajna] 

terkakpa dug from [te+kakpa] 

terkalri has access [te+kalri] 

terkalte hunt purpose [te+kalte] 

terkamni has committee [te+kamni] 

terkancu number counted [te+kancu] 

terkandi find dim [te+kandi] 

terkanji source data [te+kanji] 

terkansa accompanied in [te+kansa] 

terkanxe 2nd conjunct [te+kanxe] 

terkarbi compared with [te+karbi] 

terkarce propel car [te+karce] 

terkarda [te+karda] 

terkargu costliness standard [te+kargu] 

terkarli collar material [te+karli] 

terkarni publisher [of a journal] [te+karni] 

terkavbu trap [te+kavbu] 

terkemselgeimau is made happier by something than by 

something else [te+ke+se+gleki+zmadu] 

terkla starting point [te+klama] 

terklaji accessed from street [te+klaji] 

terklaku reason for weeping [te+klaku] 

terklo local range [te+diklo] 

terkluza looseness locus [te+kluza] 

terkoi bordering [te+korbi] 

terkomcu comb tooth [te+komcu] 

terkramu acre standard [te+kramu] 

terkre hair location [te+kerfa] 

terkri belief subject [te+krici] 

terkrili crystal structure [te+krili] 

terkru curve locus [te+kruvi] 

terkruca intersection locus [te+kruca] 

terkubli face [te+kubli] 

terkunra lode [te+kunra] 

terkurfa right-angle dimensionality [te+kurfa] 

terlacri matter of reliance [te+lacri] 

terlafti lifting locus [te+lafti] 

terlai scale of quantity [te+klani] 

terlanci flag design [te+lanci] 

terlanka basket material [te+lanka] 

terlanli analysis method [te+lanli] 

terlanme flock of sheep [te+lanme] 

terlante can material [te+lante] 

94 

terlanzu family standard [te+lanzu] 

terlatna lotus significance [te+latna] 

terlau loudness standard [te+cladu] 

terlei define class [te+klesi] 

terlindi lightning origin [te+lindi] 

terlinsi chain property [te+linsi] 

terlisri storyteller [te+lisri] 

terlitce liter standard [te+litce] 

terlitki liquidity conditions [te+litki] 

terlunsa condensation point [te+lunsa] 

termabla derogator [te+mabla] 

termai physical form [te+marji] 

termakfa magician [te+makfa] 

termalsi temple location [te+malsi] 

termanri rule for reference [te+manri] 

termansa satisfaction [te+mansa] 

termapti matched property [te+mapti] 

termarde morality conditions [te+marde] 

termarxa pulp [te+marxa] 

termau moreness property [te+zmadu] 

termegdo 1E6’s dimension [te+megdo] 

termei individuals numbered [te+mei] 

termifra code system [te+mifra] 

termikce ailment treated [te+mikce] 

termikri 1E-6’s dimension [te+mikri] 

termilti .001’s dimension [te+milti] 

terminli subunits of miles [te+minli] 

terminra see reflection [te+minra] 

termipri kept secret from [te+mipri] 

termla faced for sideways [te+mlana] 

termle beauty property [te+melbi] 

termledi moldy [te+mledi] 

termlu apparently observe [te+simlu] 

termluni satellite property [te+mluni] 

termoi sequence for ordinal [te+moi] 

termosra rubbed against [te+mosra] 

termra threat sheltered from [te+marbi] 

termre measurement [te+merli] 

termri receive mail [te+mrilu] 

termru hammerhead [te+mruli] 

termupli set exemplified [te+mupli] 

termurse twilight location [te+murse] 

termuzga museum location [te+muzga] 

ternabmi problem conditions [te+nabmi] 

ternakni male trait [te+nakni] 

ternandu difficulty condition [te+nandu]

ternanla tersnada 

ternanla boyhood standard [te+nanla] 

ternanvi 1E-9’s dimension [te+nanvi] 

ternarge nut shell [te+narge] 

ternejni energy form [te+nejni] 

ternivji knitting yarn [te+nivji] 

ternoi send message [te+notci] 

ternuzba news source [te+nuzba] 

terpa [te’a, tep] 〈x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid | scared | 

frightened by | fearful of x2 (event | tu’a object)〉 also: 

x1 feels terror about x2; x2 is fearsome | fearful | 

frightening | scary to x1 (= selte’a to reorder places) 

terpalne tray material [te+palne] 

terpambe pumped into [te+pambe] 

terpanci smell odor [te+panci] 

terpandi punctuation [te+pandi] 

terpanka park purpose [te+panka] 

terpanra parallelism property [te+panra] 

terpante receive protest [te+pante] 

terparbi ratio reference [te+parbi] 

terpatxu pot material [te+patxu] 

terpecfoi keyboard [te+pencu+foldi] 

terpemci poet [te+pemci] 

terpenbi process using pen [te+penbi] 

terpetso 1E15’s dimension [te+petso] 

terpicti 1E-12’s dimension [te+picti] 

terpijne pin material [te+pijne] 

terpikci begged for [te+pikci] 

terpikta ticket benefit [te+pikta] 

terpinfu imprisonment means [te+pinfu] 

terpinka make comment [te+pinka] 

terpinsi pencil covering [te+pinsi] 

terpinxe drinking vessel [te+pinxe] 

terpla planned out [te+platu] 

terpli use purpose [te+pilno] 

terplicru open for business [te+pilno+curmi] 

terplini planetary property [te+plini] 

terplixa plowing tool [te+plixa] 

terplo folding crease [te+polje] 

terplu contain island [te+daplu] 

terpluja complexity standard [te+pluja] 

terpoi sequence base set [te+porsi] 

terpra production [te+cupra] 

terprali profitable [te+prali] 

terpri printing tool [te+prina] 

terprije views as wise [te+prije] 

terpritu frame for right [te+pritu] 

terpro in contention [te+fapro] 

terpulni pulley axle [te+pulni] 

terpunli swelling material [te+punli] 

terpurdi grown in garden [te+purdi] 

tersabji provided with [te+sabji] 

tersaclu decimal base [te+saclu] 

tersacmau something about which someone is more 

honest (e.g. ”the 4th symphony is more honest than the 

5th” = ”the 4th is something in which the composer was 

more honest than in the 5th”) [te+stace+zmadu] 

tersakci sucked from [te+sakci] 

tersakta sugar composition [te+sakta] 

tersanso sauce ingredient [te+sanso] 

tersanta shaded from [te+santa] 

tersarlu spiral dimension [te+sarlu] 

tersarxe harmony property [te+sarxe] 

tersatci exactness property [te+satci] 

tersau familiar feature [te+slabu] 

tersazri operating goal [te+sazri] 

tersei separator [te+sepli] 

tersenta layered structure [te+senta] 

terserti stair steps [te+serti] 

tersfa punished for [te+sfasa] 

tersfe surface side [te+sefta] 

tersigja cigar maker [te+sigja] 

tersijykla top of a ski slope [te+skiji+klama] 

tersilna salt composition [te+silna] 

tersirji end of straight [te+sirji] 

tersisku set sought in [te+sisku] 

tersitna cited information [te+sitna] 

terska perceive color [te+skari] 

terske science methodology [te+saske] 

terski described to [te+skicu] 

terskiji skier [te+skiji] 

terskina filmmaker [te+skina] 

tersku addressed [te+cusku] 

tersla celebration [te+salci] 

tersli oscillation state [te+slilu] 

tersligu solidity conditions [te+sligu] 

terslu muscular [te+sluji] 

tersma quietness standard [te+smaji] 

tersmadi guess subject [te+smadi] 

tersmi similarity property [te+simsa] 

tersmu perceive meaning [te+smuni] 

tersmuci spoon material [te+smuci] 

tersnada means to success [te+snada] 

95

tersnanu terxarnu 

tersnanu frame for south [te+snanu] 

tersni observe sign [te+sinxa] 

tersnidu second standard [te+snidu] 

tersnuji sandwich outside [te+snuji] 

tersolri inhabitant under sun [te+solri] 

terspali polishing material [te+spali] 

terspe [te+speni] 

terspita medical condition [te+spita] 

terspu response [te+spuda] 

tersra supported against [te+sarji] 

tersre error conditions [te+srera] 

tersro storehouse [te+sorcu] 

tersru direction surrounded [te+sruri] 

terstace honesty subject [te+stace] 

terstagi edible plant [te+stagi] 

terstaku ceramic composition [te+staku] 

terstapa stepping limb [te+stapa] 

terste order [of a list] [te+liste] 

terstela lock mechanism [te+stela] 

terstici frame for west [te+stici] 

terstika adjustment amount [te+stika] 

tersto constancy conditions [te+stodi] 

terstuna frame for east [te+stuna] 

tersucta abstraction rules [te+sucta] 

tersuksa with sudden change [te+suksa] 

tersumji 2nd summand [te+sumji] 

tertadji method conditions [te+tadji] 

tertagji snugness dimension [te+tagji] 

tertalsa challenge property [te+talsa] 

tertamji has thumb [te+tamji] 

tertamne cousin bond [te+tamne] 

tertansi pan material [te+tansi] 

tertapla [te+tapla] 

tertarbi embryo father [te+tarbi] 

tertau phrase modificand [te+tanru] 

tertca polity with city [te+tcadu] 

tertcaci custom conditions [te+tcaci] 

tertce muchness direction [te+mutce] 

tertcena stretch dimension [te+tcena] 

tertcica deception subject [te+tcica] 

tertcidu read from [te+tcidu] 

tertcika day of time [te+tcika] 

tertcita label information [te+tcita] 

tertcu purpose needed for [te+nitcu] 

tertei end time [te+temci] 

tertenfa exponent [te+tenfa] 

96 

terterto 1E12’s dimension [te+terto] 

tertigni performance audience [te+tigni] 

tertikpa kicked locus [te+tikpa] 

tertinbe commander obeyed [te+tinbe] 

tertinsa meeting stiffness [te+tinsa] 

tertirna ambient background [te+tirna] 

tertirxu tiger markings [te+tirxu] 

tertivni television channel [te+tivni] 

terto [tet] 〈x1 is a trillion [1x10**12] of x2 in dimension 

| aspect x3 (default is units)〉 

tertoi trying method [te+troci] 

tertra behavior conditions [te+tarti] 

tertre meters direction [te+mitre] 

tertri attracting property [te+trina] 

tertro controlled activity [te+jitro] 

tertsa strength standard [te+tsali] 

tertsi seed offspring [te+tsiju] 

tertsina on stage [te+tsina] 

tertsu thickness standard [te+rotsu] 

tertunba sibling bond [te+tunba] 

tervacri air composition [te+vacri] 

tervai reason for importance [te+vajni] 

tervanci evening location [te+vanci] 

tervei recording medium [te+vreji] 

tervenfu revenged for [te+venfu] 

tervensa spring location [te+vensa] 

tervidru virus locus [te+vidru] 

tervinji plane propelling method [te+vinji] 

tervipsi boss [te+vipsi] 

tervla word language [te+valsi] 

tervle investment [te+zivle] 

tervli power conditions [te+vlipa] 

tervlimau to be a greater power than... 

[te+vlipa+zmadu] 

tervlina 2nd alternative [te+vlina] 

tervra lever fulcrum [te+vraga] 

tervri brave standard [te+virnu] 

tervro accessible [te+vorme] 

tervru noise channel [te+savru] 

terxadba halfness standard [te+xadba] 

terxai injury property [te+xrani] 

terxajmi funniness property [te+xajmi] 

terxalka alcohol source [te+xalka] 

terxamsi sea fluid [te+xamsi] 

terxanka nervousness condition [te+xanka] 

terxarnu [te+xarnu]

terxasne tilju 

terxasne sweat gland [te+xasne] 

terxatsi 1E-18’s dimension [te+xatsi] 

terxau goodness standard [te+xamgu] 

terxexso 1E18’s dimension [te+xexso] 

terxinmo pen using ink [te+xinmo] 

terxla badness standard [te+xlali] 

terxle canal origin [te+naxle] 

terxli girlhood standard [te+nixli] 

terxlu influenced action [te+xlura] 

terxoi innkeeper [te+xotli] 

terxra draw picture [te+pixra] 

terxru state returned to [te+xruti] 

terxuspli moral of a story [te+xusra+pilno] 

teryrafsi affix form [te+rafsi] 

teryragve across from [te+ragve] 

teryrai which extreme [te+traji] 

teryralju primacy property [te+ralju] 

teryranda yield conditions [te+randa] 

teryrango organ function [te+rango] 

teryranmi mythos [te+ranmi] 

teryranti softness conditions [te+ranti] 

teryranxi irony property [te+ranxi] 

teryratni isotope [te+ratni] 

teryrau measured by unit [te+gradu] 

teryrei questioner [te+preti] 

teryrigni disgust conditions [te+rigni] 

teryrimni rhyme language [te+rimni] 

teryrinci strainer [te+rinci] 

teryrinsa greeting [te+rinsa] 

teryrirci rarity population [te+rirci] 

teryrivbi avoidance [te+rivbi] 

teryrorci coparent [te+rorci] 

teryrunme melting pressure [te+runme] 

teryrunta solution formed [te+runta] 

terzai marketeer [te+zarci] 

terzalvi ground powder [te+zalvi] 

terzasni transience standard [te+zasni] 

terzba made from [te+zbasu] 

terzbabu soap composition [te+zbabu] 

terzbe pedestal material [te+zbepi] 

terzbi nostril [te+nazbi] 

terzdi amusing property [te+zdile] 

terzepti 1E-21’s dimension [te+zepti] 

terzetro 1E21’s dimension [te+zetro] 

terzga observing sense [te+zgana] 

terzmi automaticity condition [te+zmiku] 

terzunle frame for left [te+zunle] 

tesau [BAI] necessarily under sarcu modal, 3rd place 

(conditions 2) necessarily; necessarily under ... 

tesi’u [BAI] assisting in sidju modal, 3rd place assisting 

in doing | maintaining | achieving ... 

teta’i [BAI] method conditions tadji modal, 3rd place 

methodically doing (something) under conditions ... 

tetai [BAI] sharing ideal form tamsmi modal, 3rd place 

similarly; sharing common ideal form ... (x1 resembles 

x2 sharing ideal form | shape x3 in property x4) 

teti’i [BAI] suggested to stidi modal, 3rd place 

suggestively; suggested to ... 

teti’u [BAI] time on day tcika modal, 3rd place (for 

letters) as a time on day ... 

teva’u [BAI] goodness standard xamgu modal, 3rd 

place good | beneficial by standard ... 

tezu’e [BAI] with goal zukte modal, 3rd place 

purposefully; (as an action) with goal ... 

ti [KOhA6] [tif] this here pro-sumti: this here; 

immediate demonstrative it; indicated thing | place near 

speaker 

ti’a [FAhA2] behind location tense relation | direction; 

rearwards | to the rear of ... 

ti’e [UI2] I hear evidential: I hear (hearsay) tirna, sitna, 

tcidu 

ti’i [BAI] suggested by stidi modal, 1st place suggested 

by ...; proposed by ... 

ti’o [SEI] mex precedence mathematical expression 

(mex) operator precedence (discursive) 

ti’u [BAI] associated with time tcika modal, 1st place 

(for letters) associated with time ... ; attach time stamp 

tibmli obedient, meek [tinbe+milxe] 

ticyjifsku lie [tcica+jitfa+cusku] 

ticysku to equivocate, to deceive someone in saying 

something [includes lies and half-truths] [tcica+cusku] 

tigni [tig] 〈x1 performs x2 [performance] for | before 

audience x3〉 

tigygusta cabaret [tigni+gusta] 

tigypre performer | player [tigni+prenu] 

tikpa [tip] 〈x1 kicks [hits with x1’s foot | feet x4] x2 in | 

at locus x3, using x1’s foot | feet x4〉 

tikygau adjusts (agentive) [stika+gasnu] 

tilcau featureless [tcila+claxu] 

tilju [tij] 〈x1 is heavy | weighty in mass | weight by 


97

tilmau tratygarna 

tilmau (abbreviation of seltilmau) more detailed 

[tcila+zmadu] 

tilsku to go into details, to explain something 

[tcila+cusku] 

tinbe [tib] 〈x1 obeys | follows the command | rule x2 

made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient〉 

tinci 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of tin (Sn); 

[metaphor: cheap or base metal]〉 

tinsa 〈x1 is stiff | rigid | inflexible | resistant in direction 

x2 against force x3 under conditions x4〉 also sometimes: 

firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental 

rigidity 

tinsyple cardboard [tinsa+pelji] 

tipyboi football [the ball] [tikpa+bolci] 

tirna [tin] 〈x1 hears x2 against background | noise x3; 

x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural〉 

tirse [tir] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of iron 

(Fe); [metaphor: strong, durable, tarnishing]〉 also 

(adjective:) x1 is ferric | ferrous 

tirxu 〈x1 is a tiger | leopard | jaguar | [tigress] of species 

| breed x2 with coat markings x3〉 a great cat noted | 

recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger 

markings 

tisna [tis] 〈x1 (object) fills | becomes stuffed [up] | 

inflates | blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1〉 

implies some relative degree of fullness will result; 

agentive filling (= tisyse’a, tisygau, tisyzu’e); inflate | 

become inflated | blow up (= gacytisna, agentive 

gacyse’a); pour into (= liktisna, agentive likse’a) 

tisnanba pie, pasty, blintz, pancake [tisna+nanba] 

tisycanti sausage [tisna+canti] 

tisydja pie, pasty, sausage [tisna+cidja] 

titla [tit] 〈x1 is sweet | sugary | saccharine to observer 

x2〉 

titnanba cake, sweetbread [titla+nanba] 

tivni [tiv] 〈x1 broadcasts | televises programming x2 via 

medium | channel x3 to television receiver x4〉 also x1 is 

a broadcaster; x2 programming (mass), program | show 

(ind.) 

tixmamta mother of daughter [as opposed to son] X 

[tixnu+mamta] 

tixnu [ti’u, tix] 〈x1 is a daughter of mother | father | 

parents x2; [not necessarily biological]〉 

tixspe son-in-law [tixnu+speni] 

to [TO] start parenthesis left parenthesis; start of 

parenthetical note which must be grammatical Lojban 

98 

text 

to’a [BY1] lower-case shift lower-case letteral shift 

to’e [NAhE] [to’e, tol] polar opposite polar opposite 

scalar negator 

to’i [TO] editorial unquote open editorial unquote 

(within a quote); contains grammatical text; mark with 

editorial insert 

to’o [FAhA4] away from point location tense relation | 

direction; departing from | directly away from ... 

to’u [UI3] in brief discursive: in brief - in detail tordu, 

clani, tcidu 

to’unai [UI3] in detail discursive: in brief - in detail 

togdicra to choke a tone [tonga+dicra] 

togycnesli trill [tonga+cenba+slilu] 

togykaigri organ stop [tonga+ckaji+girzu] 

togytikpijne tuning peg [tonga+stika+pijne] 

togytikpijnyvau tuning peg box 

[tonga+stika+pijne+vasru] 

togytikygau to tune an instrument [tonga+stika+gasnu] 

toi [TOI] end parenthesis elidable terminator: right 

parenthesis | end unquote; seldom elidable except at end 

of text 

toknu [tok] 〈x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its 

contents] for baking | heating | drying x2〉 

toldi [tod] 〈x1 is a butterfly | moth of species | breed x2〉 

tonga [to’a, tog] 〈x1 is a tone | note of frequency | pitch 

x2 from source x3〉 

torcrida dwarf [tordu+crida] 

tordu [to’u, tor] 〈x1 is short in dimension | direction x2 

(default longest dimension) by measurement standard 

x3〉 

tormau shorter [tordu+zmadu] 

torni [to’i, ton] 〈x1 twists under load | force | torsion x2〉 

tornunkruca short-circuit [tordu+nu+kruca] 

torselsku [brief] article [tordu+se+cusku] 

tortei short [in time] [of event] [tordu+temci] 

traji [rai] 〈x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 

extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set | range x4〉 

also: x1 is x3-est | utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is the x3 

end of x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3 

trano 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of nitrogen 

| ammonia | nitrates〉 (adjective:) x1 is nitric | nitrous 

tranydro ammonia [trano+cidro] 

trati 〈x1 is taut | tense | strained tight in direction x2〉 

tratygarna musical bow [trati+garna]

trene turni 

trene [re’e, ren] 〈x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars | units x2 

(mass) for rails | system | railroad x3, propelled by x4〉 a 

railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway 

(tu’unre’e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre’e), roller 

coaster; monorail (= dadre’e); cable car, sky car, ski lift 

(= cildadre’e) 

tricu [ric] 〈x1 is a tree of species | cultivar x2〉 

trina [tri] 〈x1 attracts | appeals to | lures x2 (person | 

event) with property | quality x3 (ka)〉 also: x1 is alluring 

to x2 

trixe [rix, ti’e] 〈x1 is posterior | behind | back | in the 

rear of x2 which faces | in-frame-of-reference x3〉 also: 

x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= 

rixybo’u, rixybo’ukamju) 

troci [toc, toi] 〈x1 tries | attempts | makes an effort to do 

| attain x2 (event | state | property) by actions | method 

x3〉 also experiments at 

trukamni governing council [turni+kamni] 

truspe queen consort, prince consort; concubine 

[turni+speni] 

trusragri political party [turni+sarji+girzu] 

trustizu throne [turni+stizu] 

tsacinla lanky [tsali+cinla] 

tsali [tsa] 〈x1 is strong | powerful | [tough] in property | 

quality x2 (ka) by standard x3〉 

tsamau stronger [tsali+zmadu] 

tsani [tan] 〈x1 is an expanse of sky | the heavens at place 

x2; [celestial]〉 

tsapi 〈x1 is a seasoning | condiment | spice causing 

flavor | effect x2 (event | property)〉 also: x1 flavors x2 

(tu’a) 

tsarai strongest [tsali+traji] 

tsejbi to sit at [a table] [zutse+jibni] 

tsekansa sit with [zutse+kansa] 

tsifaigau to sow [tsiju+fatri+gasnu] 

tsiju [tsi] 〈x1(s) is | are (a) seed(s) | spore(s) [body-part] 

of organism x2 for producing offspring x3〉 

tsilitki semen [tsiju+litki] 

tsina [sin] 〈x1 is a stage | platform | dais | [scaffold] at | 

in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4〉 

tsipejgau to sow [tsiju+preja+gasnu] 

tsiselcigla semen [tsiju+se+cigla] 

tsugrusi thick and gray [rotsu+grusi] 

tu [KOhA6] [tuf] that yonder pro-sumti: that yonder; 

distant demonstrative it; indicated thing far from 

speaker&listener 

tu’a [LAhE] the bridi implied by extracts a concrete 

sumti from an unspecified abstraction; equivalent to le nu 

| su’u [sumti] co’e 

tu’e [TUhE] start text scope start of multiple utterance 

scope; used for logical | non-logical | ordinal joining of 

sentences 

tu’i [BAI] associated with site stuzi modal, 1st place 

(used to situate letters) associated with site ... ; label with 

location 

tu’o [PA5] null operand digit | number: null operand 

(used in unary operations); a non-specific | elliptical 

number 

tu’u [TUhU] end text scope elidable terminator: end 

multiple utterance scope; seldom elidable 

tubnu [tu’u] 〈x1 is a length of tubing | pipe | hollow 

cylinder [shape | form] of material x2, hollow of material 

x3〉 also tube, sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular 

tubyspe person married to one’s sibling [tunba+speni] 

tugni [tu’i, tug] 〈x1 [person] agrees with person(s) | 

position | side x2 that x3 (du’u) is true about matter x4〉 

tujli [tuj] 〈x1 is a tulip (defined by flower shape) of 


tumla [tu’a, tum] 〈x1 is a parcel | expanse of land at 

location x2; x1 is terrain〉 

tunba [tub] 〈x1 is a sibling of x2 by bond | tie | standard 

| parent(s) x3〉 

tunka [tuk] 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity of 

copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical conductor]〉 

tunlo [tu’o, tul] 〈x1 gulps | swallows〉 x1 swallows down 

[food | drink] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu’o (the latter two 

are more general - for food or beverage); swallow | 

engulf (= galxycti, galxynerbi’o, galxygre 

tunta [tun] 〈x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes | jabs | 

stabs | prods x2 (experiencer)〉 agentive (= tungau, 

tunzu’e) 

tupcutci boot [tuple+cutci] 

tuple [tu’e, tup] 〈x1 is a | the leg [body-part] of x2; 

[metaphor: supporting branch]〉 

turni [tru] 〈x1 governs | rules | is ruler | governor | 

sovereign | reigns over people | territory | domain | 

subjects x2〉 x2 need not be complete specification of set 

of governed; reign | rule (= noltru); king | queen | 

sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi’o), 

representative democracy (= rolka’itrusi’o), viceroy (= 

ka’itru), pure communism (= guntrusi’o), board of 

directors | trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); 

99

tutci vamji 

government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the 

components), truci’e (emphasizing the organization)) 

tutci [tci] 〈x1 is a tool | utensil | resource | instrument | 

implement used for doing x2; [form determines 

function]〉 

tutkoi border [tutra+korbi] 

tutra [tut] 〈x1 is territory | domain | space of | belonging 

to | controlled by x2〉 

tutske geography [tutra+saske] 

ty [BY2] t letteral for t 

.u [A] sumti whether logical connective: sumti 


.u’a [UI1] gain attitudinal: gain - loss jinga, selne’u, 

prali, cirko 

.u’anai [UI1] loss attitudinal: gain - loss 

.u’e [UI1] wonder attitudinal: wonder - commonplace 

manci, fadni 

.u’enai [UI1] commonplace attitudinal: wonder - 

commonplace 

.u’i [UI1] amusement attitudinal: amusement - 

weariness selzdi, selxajmi, xalbo 

.u’inai [UI1] weariness attitudinal: amusement - 

weariness 

.u’o [UI1] courage attitudinal: courage - timidity - 

cowardice virnu 

.u’ocu’i [UI1] timidity attitudinal: courage - timidity - 

cowardice 

.u’onai [UI1] cowardice attitudinal: courage - timidity - 

cowardice 

.u’u [UI1] repentance attitudinal: repentance - lack of 

regret - innocence xenru, zugycni 

.u’ucu’i [UI1] lack of regret attitudinal: repentance - 

lack of regret - innocence 

.u’unai [UI1] innocence attitudinal: repentance - lack of 

regret - innocence 

.ua [UI1] discovery attitudinal: discovery - confusion | 

searching facki, cfipu, sisku 

.uanai [UI1] confusion attitudinal: discovery - 

confusion | searching 

.ubu [BY] u letteral for u 

.ue [UI1] surprise attitudinal: surprise - not really 

surprised - expectation spaji 

.uecu’i [UI1] not very surprised attitudinal: surprise - 

not really surprised - expectation axis 

.uenai [UI1] expectation attitudinal: surprise - 

expectation 

100 

.uepei [UI1] surprised? attitudinal: surprise question 

.ui [UI1] happiness attitudinal: happiness - unhappiness 

gleki 

.uibu [BY] happy face letteral: happiness symbol 

(letteral) 

.uinai [UI1] unhappiness attitudinal: happiness - 

unhappiness 

.uo [UI1] completion attitudinal: completion - 

incompleteness mulno, mansa, fanmo, snada 

.uonai [UI1] incompleteness attitudinal: completion - 

incompleteness 

.uu [UI1] pity attitudinal: pity - cruelty kecti 

.uunai [UI1] cruelty attitudinal: pity - cruelty 

va [VA] [vaz] there at location tense distance: near to ... ; 

there at ...; a medium | small distance from ... 

va’a [VUhU3] additive inverse unary mathematical 

operator: additive inverse; [- a] 

va’i [UI3] in other words discursive: in other words - in 

the same words cneselsku 

va’inai [UI3] in the same words discursive: in other 

words - in the same words 

va’o [BAI] under conditions vanbi modal, 1st place 

(conditions 1) under conditions ...; in environment ... 

va’u [BAI] benefiting from xamgu modal, 1st place 

beneficiary case tag complement benefiting from ... 

vacri [var] 〈x1 is a quantity of air | normally-gaseous 

atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3〉 

vacysai dinner [vanci+sanmi] 

vai [PA2] hex digit F digit | number: hex digit F 

(decimal 15) [fifteen] 

vajni [vai, vaj] 〈x1 (object | event) is important | 

significant to x2 (person | event) in aspect | for reason x3 

(nu | ka)〉 also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect | respect x3 

vajrai most important [vajni+traji] 

valsi [val, vla] 〈x1 is a word meaning | causing x2 in 

language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical | verbal)〉 

vamji [va’i, vam] 〈x1 (ni) is the equivalent value | worth 

of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use | appreciation x4〉 

also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits 

(one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva’i for 

reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva’i); receive 

merited reward (= vamselne’u); x2 may be a specific 




(= posyva’i, posyselva’i for unambiguous semantics)

vampai velcradi 

vampai to evaluate [vamji+pajni] 

vamtu [vat] 〈x1 vomits | regurgitates x2; x1 throws x2 

up; [violent] digestive expulsion〉 

vanbi [vab] 〈x1 (ind. | mass) is part of an environment | 

surroundings | context | ambience of x2〉 (adjective:) x1 

is ambient 

vanci [vac] 〈x1 is an evening [from end-of-work until 

sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location x3〉 this 

evening (= cabvanci); tomorrow evening (= 

bavlamvanci); yesterday evening (= prulamvanci) 

vanjba grape [vanju+jbari] 

vanju [van] 〈x1 is made of | contains | is a quantity of 

wine from fruit | grapes x2〉 

varjei Army Air Force [vacri+jenmi] 

varselclu inflated [e.g. boat] [vacri+se+culno] 

varsoi airman [vacri+sonci] 

vasnanba pie, pasty, blintz, pancake [vasru+nanba] 

vasru [vas, vau] 〈x1 contains | holds | encloses | includes 

contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2〉 also 

accommodates, container; containment need not be total; 

x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places) 

vasxu [va’u, vax] 〈x1 breathes | respires x2 [gas]〉 

vau [VAU] end simple bridi elidable: end of sumti in 

simple bridi; in compound bridi, separates common 

trailing sumti 

vaurgau to contain | put | wrap something inside 

something [vasru+gasnu] 

vazdzu passer-by [va+cadzu] 

ve [SE] [vel] 4th conversion 4th conversion; switch 1st | 

4th places 

ve’a [VEhA] small space interval location tense 

interval: a small | medium region of space 

ve’e [VEhA] [ve’e] whole space interval location tense 

interval: the whole of space 

ve’i [VEhA] tiny space interval location tense interval: a 

tiny region of space 

ve’o [VEhO] right bracket right mathematical bracket 

ve’u [VEhA] big space interval location tense interval: a 

large region of space 

vebe’i [BAI] transmit origin benji modal, 4th place 

transmit origin ... 

veci’e [BAI] with synergy in ciste modal, 4th place as a 

system with synergy in ... 

vecnu [ve’u, ven] 〈x1 [seller] sells | vends x2 [goods | 

service | commodity] to buyer x3 for amount | cost | 

expense x4〉 x1 is a salesperson | salesman | vendor; x3 

buys x2 from x1 (= terve’u for reordered terms); x4 is the 

price of x2 to x3 (= velve’u for reordered terms); for sale 

(= fitselve’u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a 



ownership of the object | commodity (= posyve’u, 

posyselve’u for unambiguous semantics) 

vecu’u [BAI] expressed in medium cusku modal, 4th 

place in expression medium ... 

vede’i [BAI] on date by calendar detri modal, 4th place 

on a date according to calendar ... 

vedu’o [BAI] under epistemology djuno modal, 4th 

place under epistemology ... 

vefi’e [BAI] created from finti modal, 4th place 

creatively; created from ideas | elements ... 

vefsfa take revenge on [venfu+sfasa] 

vefydji to want to avenge... [venfu+djica] 

vega’a [BAI] observed under zgana modal, 4th place 

(under conditions) observed under observing conditions 

... 

vei [VEI] left bracket left mathematical bracket 

veirseljibri secretary of... [vreji+se+jibri] 

veka’a [BAI] via route klama modal, 4th place via route 

... 

velbajra running gait [ve+bajra] 

velbancu beyondness property [ve+bancu] 

velbatci biting tool [ve+batci] 

velbatke button material [ve+batke] 

velbei source [of cargo] [ve+bevri] 

velbinra insured benefit [ve+binra] 

velbunda first subunit of pound [ve+bunda] 

velcange farm produce [ve+cange] 

velcanja exchanged with [ve+canja] 

velcaxno shallowness standard [ve+caxno] 

velcerda rule of inheritance [ve+cerda] 

velcinse sexuality standard [ve+cinse] 

velckasu ridiculing [ve+ckasu] 

velcki explanation [ve+ciksi] 

velcko soaked up into [ve+cokcu] 

velcku read book [ve+cukta] 

velcli teacher [ve+cilre] 

velcne variance conditions [ve+cenba] 

velcoi depth standard [ve+condi] 

velcpare climbing tool [ve+cpare] 

velcpe request form [ve+cpedu] 

velcradi radio receiver [ve+cradi] 

101

velcripu velstaku 

velcripu 2nd side of bridge [ve+cripu] 

velctu subject taught [ve+ctuca] 

veldargu road route [ve+dargu] 

veldejni reason for debt [ve+dejni] 

veldekpu 1st subunit of gallon [ve+dekpu] 

veldetri calendar [ve+detri] 

veldilcu remainder in division [ve+dilcu] 

veldilnu cloud base [elevation] [ve+dilnu] 

veldjine ring outside diameter [ve+djine] 

veldra correctness standard [ve+drani] 

veldraci watch drama [ve+draci] 

velfancu function definition [ve+fancu] 

velfanva source language [ve+fanva] 

velfarvi development stages [ve+farvi] 

velfendi division method [ve+fendi] 

velfla conditions for law [ve+flalu] 

velfle flow source [ve+flecu] 

velfonynoi send the message by phone | telephone 

[ve+fonxa+notci] 

velfra reaction conditions [ve+frati] 

velfriti offer conditions [ve+friti] 

velfro fork shaft [ve+forca] 

velgadri article semantics [ve+gadri] 

velganzu organizing principle [ve+ganzu] 

velgre passed from [ve+pagre] 

velgri roles [ve+girzu] 

velgutci sub-unit of cubits [ve+gutci] 

veljansu diplomat function [ve+jansu] 

veljanta present bill [ve+janta] 

veljaspu authorized by passport [ve+jaspu] 

veljbe birthplace [ve+jbena] 

veljbera term [time of a loan] [ve+jbera] 

veljinku vaccination method [ve+jinku] 

veljmina addition result [ve+jmina] 

veljoicradi radio transmitter | receiver (possible new 

stylistic) [ve+joi+cradi] 

veljunla clock mechanism [ve+junla] 

veljvi prize [ve+jivna] 

veljvo metaphor [of affix compound] [ve+lujvo] 

velkakpa digging tool [ve+kakpa] 

velkancu counting units [ve+kancu] 

velkanji calculation [ve+kanji] 

velkarbi property compared [ve+karbi] 

velkarni receive journal [ve+karni] 

velkla route of going [ve+klama] 

velkramu sub-unit of acre [ve+kramu] 

102 

velkru define curve [ve+kruvi] 

velmau moreness margin [ve+zmadu] 

velmikce medical treatment [ve+mikce] 

velminli mile standard [ve+minli] 

velminra reflection [ve+minra] 

velmipri secrecy method [ve+mipri] 

velmirsna echo [ve+minra+sance] 

velmla frame for sideways [ve+mlana] 

velmle beauty standard [ve+melbi] 

velmlu seeming conditions [ve+simlu] 

velmluni satellite orbit [ve+mluni] 

velmre measuring scale [ve+merli] 

velmri transmit mail [ve+mrilu] 

velmru propel hammer [ve+mruli] 

velnarge nut kernel [ve+narge] 

velnoi receive message [ve+notci] 

velnuzba receive news [ve+nuzba] 

velpambe pumped from [ve+pambe] 

velpandi punctuation effect [ve+pandi] 

velpanra parallelism standard [ve+panra] 

velpante complaint [ve+pante] 

velpemci read poem [ve+pemci] 

velpikta ticket conditions [ve+pikta] 

velpinka commented to [ve+pinka] 

velplini planet orbit [ve+plini] 

velplixa pull plow [ve+plixa] 

velrafsi affix language [ve+rafsi] 

velrai range limited by extreme [ve+traji] 

velranmi culture with myth [ve+ranmi] 

velrei questioned [ve+preti] 

velrimni rhyme scheme [ve+rimni] 

velrinci draining force [ve+rinci] 

velrunta solution conditions [ve+runta] 

velsanta umbrella material [ve+santa] 

velsau familiarity standard [ve+slabu] 

velsfa punishment [ve+sfasa] 

velsfe surface bounds [ve+sefta] 

velska color conditions [ve+skari] 

velski description [ve+skicu] 

velskicau undescribed, undescribable [ve+skicu+claxu] 

velskina cinema audience [ve+skina] 

velsku expression medium [ve+cusku] 

velspali polishing tool [ve+spali] 

velsra support means [ve+sarji] 

velsre error standard [ve+srera] 

velstaku ceramic form [ve+staku]

velste vindu 

velste list medium [ve+liste] 

veltagji snugness locus [ve+tagji] 

veltapla [ve+tapla] 

veltau phrase meaning [ve+tanru] 

veltca city hinterland [ve+tcadu] 

veltcena unstretched range [ve+tcena] 

veltcika time location [ve+tcika] 

veltikpa [ve+tikpa] 

veltinsa stiffness conditions [ve+tinsa] 

veltivni television receiver [ve+tivni] 

veltre meter standard [ve+mitre] 

veltsina stage material [ve+tsina] 

velvei [ve+vreji] 

velvenfu revenged by [ve+venfu] 

velvle investment return [ve+zivle] 

velvra lever arm [ve+vraga] 

velvro structure with door [ve+vorme] 

velxai injury [ve+xrani] 

velxle canal route [ve+naxle] 

velxlu influence [ve+xlura] 

velxra picture medium [ve+pixra] 

velxru state returned from [ve+xruti] 

velylafti gravity lifted in [ve+lafti] 

velylanci flag material [ve+lanci] 

velylatna culture with lotus [ve+latna] 

velylisri hear story [ve+lisri] 

velylunsa condensation pressure [ve+lunsa] 

velzga observing conditions [ve+zgana] 

vemau [BAI] more by amount zmadu modal, 4th place 

(relative!) more than | exceeding by amount ... 

veme’a [BAI] less by amount mleca modal, 4th place 

(relative!) less than by amount ... 

venfu [vef] 〈x1 takes revenge on | retaliates against x2 

(person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu)〉 also 

avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful 

vensa [ves] 〈x1 is spring | springtime [warming season] 

of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal〉 

venski to advertise [vecnu+skicu] 

vensni advert. billboard [vecnu+sinxa] 

venynoi advertisement [vecnu+notci] 

venzmi vending machine [vecnu+zmiku] 

vepa’a [BAI] similar by standard panra modal, 4nd 

place (standard | geometry) similarly; similar by standard 

... 

vepu’e [BAI] passing thru stages pruce modal, 4th place 

(set of stages) passing through processing stages ... 

verai [BAI] superlative among traji modal, 4th place 

(set) -est; most extremely; superlative among ... 

verba [ve’a, ver] 〈x1 is a child | kid | juvenile [a young 

person] of age x2, immature by standard x3〉 not 

necessarily human 

verjipci chick [verba+jipci] 

vesyspa spring plant [vensa+spati] 

vetai [BAI] similar in property tamsmi modal, 4th place 

similarly; sharing ideal form in property ... (x1 resembles 

x2 sharing ideal form | shape x3 in property x4) 

veti’u [BAI] time at location tcika modal, 4th place (for 

letters) as a time at location ... 

vi [VA] [viz] here at location tense distance: here at ... ; 

at or a very short | tiny distance from ... 

vi ma [VA] where? sumti question asking for a location: 

at | near what? 

vi’a [VIhA] 2-space interval dimensionality of space 

interval tense: 2-space interval; throughout an area 

vi’e [VIhA] 4-space interval dimensionality of space 

interval tense: 4-space interval; throughout a spacetime 

vi’i [VIhA] 1-space interval dimensionality of space 

interval tense: 1-space interval; along a line 

vi’o [COI] wilco vocative: wilco (ack and will comply) 

vi’u [VIhA] 3-space interval dimensionality of space 

interval tense: 3-space interval; throughout a space 

vibgle vaginal sex [vibna+gletu] 

viblitki vaginal secretions [vibna+litki] 

vibmolgle cunnilingus [vibna+moklu+gletu] 

vibna [vib] 〈x1 is a | the vagina [body-part] of x2〉 

vibyselcigla vaginal secretions [vibna+se+cigla] 

vidni 〈x1 is a video monitor | CRT | screen [machine] 

serving function x2〉 

vidru [vir] 〈x1 is a virus of species | breed | defining 

property x2 capable of infecting [at] x3〉 

vifne [vif] 〈(adjective:) x1 is fresh | unspoiled〉 

vijysazri to fly a plane [vinji+sazri] 

vikmi [vi’i, vim] 〈x1 [body] excretes waste x2 from 

source x3 via means | route x4〉 

viknu [vik] 〈x1 is thick | viscous under conditions x2〉 

vilkla to barge into [vlile+klama] 

vimcu [vi’u, vic] 〈x1 removes | subtracts | deducts | 

takes away x2 from x3 with | leaving result | remnant | 

remainder x4〉 also appropriates, confiscates; alienation 

is inherent 

vindu [vid] 〈x1 is poisonous | venomous | toxic | a toxin 

to x2〉 

103

vinji vreji 

vinji [vij] 〈x1 is an airplane | aircraft [flying vehicle] for 

carrying passengers | cargo x2, propelled by x3〉 

vipsi [vip] 〈x1 is a deputy | vice | subordinate in aspect 

[or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3〉 also 

assistant, adjutant 

viptru deputy governor, viceroy [vipsi+turni] 

virnu [vri] 〈x1 is brave | valiant | courageous in activity 

x2 (event) by standard x3〉 

viska [vi’a, vis] 〈x1 sees | views | perceives visually x2 

under conditions x3〉 also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 

can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which 

may affect what is perceived; note that English ”see” 

often means ”look” or a more generic ”observe”, or even 

”understand, know” 

viskli transparent [viska+klina] 

visyvei visual record [viska+vreji] 

vitci [vit] 〈x1 is irregular | occasional | intermittent in 

property | action | aspect x2〉 

vitke [vi’e] 〈x1 is a guest | visitor of x2 at place | event 

x3; x1 visits x2 | x3〉 

vitno [vi’o] 〈x1 is permanent | lasting | [eternal] in 

property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span | expectant 

one]〉 also everlasting 

vizbei to bring here [vi+bevri] 

vizyklo local [to the speaker] [vi+diklo] 

vizystu here [vi+stuzi] 

vlacku dictionary [valsi+cukta] 

vlagi [lag] 〈x1 is a | the vulva [body-part] of x2〉 

vlakei punster [valsi+kelci] 

vlanunkei punning [valsi+nu+kelci] 

vlaselkei pun [valsi+se+kelci] 

vlaste word list [valsi+liste] 

vlastocku dictionary [valsi+stodi+cukta] 

vlaxajmi pun, calembour [valsi+xajmi] 

vlikla to barge in [vlipa+klama] 

vlile [vil] 〈x1 is an event | state | act of violence〉 

vlimau more powerful [vlipa+zmadu] 

vlina 〈x1 is a logical alternation | disjunction, stating 

that x2 (du’u) and | or x3 (du’u) is | are true〉 

vlinyselkau to have a logical alternation in common; 

used to take of logical alternation of more than two 

operands [vlina+se+kampu] 

vlipa [vli] 〈x1 has the power to bring about x2 under 

conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3〉 also 

potent, has control | mastery 

vo [PA1] [von] 4 digit | number: 4 (digit) [four] 

104 

vo’a [KOhA4] x1 it pro-sumti: repeats 1st place of main 

bridi of this sentence 

vo’e [KOhA4] x2 it pro-sumti: repeats 2nd place of 

main bridi of this sentence 

vo’i [KOhA4] x3 it pro-sumti: repeats 3rd place of main 

bridi of this sentence 

vo’o [KOhA4] x4 it pro-sumti: repeats 4th place of 


vo’u [KOhA4] x5 it pro-sumti: repeats 5th place of 


vofli [voi, vol] 〈x1 flies [in air | atmosphere] using lifting 

| propulsion means x2〉 

voi [NOI] descriptive clause non-veridical restrictive 

clause used to form complicated le-like descriptions 

using ”ke’a” 

voikla to fly to [vofli+klama] 

voki’o [PA] 4,000 number | quantity: 4,000 expressed 

with comma 

voksa [vo’a, vok] 〈x1 is a voice | speech sound of 

individual x2〉 

voksli vibrato, trill [singing] [voksa+slilu] 

voksnaske phonetics [voksa+sance+saske] 

volcukla flying disc [saucer] [vofli+cukla] 

volfalnu kite-sail [vofli+falnu] 

volgau to set flying [vofli+gasnu] 

volmabru bat [vofli+mabru] 

volselkei kite, any flying toy [vofli+se+kelci] 

vomoi [MOI] is fourth among quantified selbri: convert 

4 to ordinal selbri; x1 is fourth among x2 ordered by rule 

x3 

voncte Thurday night [nighttime] [vo+nicte] 

vondei Thurday (daytime | nighttime non-specific) 

[vo+djedi] 

vonmlatai quadrilateral [vo+mlana+tarmi] 

vono [PA] 40 number | quantity: 40 [forty] 

vonono [PA] 400 number | quantity: 400 [four hundred] 

vonpitytai tetrahedron [vo+plita+tarmi] 

vonselmla quadrilateral [vo+se+mlana] 

vonvanbi Thurday evening [vo+vanbi] 

vorme [vor, vro] 〈x1 is a doorway | gateway | access way 

between x2 and x3 of structure x4〉 note: emphasis on 

route nature; solid door (= vrogai | vrobi’u | vrozu’itci) 

vraga [vra] 〈x1 is a lever [tool] [of apparatus] for doing 

x2 [function | action], with fulcrum x3 and arm x4〉 

vreji [rej, vei] 〈x1 is a record of x2 (data | facts | du’u) 

about x3 (object | event) preserved in medium x4〉

vreta xalka 

vreta [vre] 〈x1 lies | rests | reclines | reposes on x2; x1 is 

reclining | recumbent | lying on x2〉 

vrici 〈x1 (set | mass | ind.) is miscellaneous | various | 

assorted in property x2 (ka)〉 

vricyvipsi secretary | person Friday of person... 

[vrici+vipsi] 

vrikla bravely go forth [virnu+klama] 

vrirai bravest [virnu+traji] 

vrogai door [the piece of wood, as opposed to the 

passageway] [vorme+gacri] 

vrostu doorway [vorme+stuzi] 

vrucau noiseless [savru+claxu] 

vrude [vu’e, vud] 〈x1 is virtuous | saintly | [fine | moral | 

nice | holy | morally good] by standard x2〉 holy | saintly 

(= cesyvu’e) 

vrusi [vu’i, vus] 〈x1 (ka) is a taste | flavor of | emitted by 

x2; x2 tastes of | like x1〉 also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, 

x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu’i); vrusi may 

overlap the senses of taste and smell, since the latter is a 

significant component of taste 

vu [VA] [vuz] yonder at location tense distance: far from 

... ; yonder at ... ; a long distance from ... 

vu’a [FAhA1] west of location tense relation | direction; 

west of 

vu’e [UI5] virtue attitudinal modifier: virtue - sin vrude, 

zungi 

vu’enai [UI5] sin attitudinal modifier: virtue - sin 

vu’i [LAhE] the sequence of sumti qualifier: the 

sequence made from set or composed of elements | 

components; order is vague 

vu’o [VUhO] long scope relative joins relative clause | 

phrase to complete complex or logically connected sumti 

in afterthought 

vu’u [VUhU1] minus n-ary mathematical operator: 

minus; subtraction operator; [(((a - b) - c) - ...)] 

vukro [vu’o, vur] 〈x1 reflects Ukrainian language | 


vy [BY2] v letteral for v 

xa [PA1] [xav] 6 digit | number: 6 (digit) [six] 

xabju [xa’u] 〈x1 dwells | lives | resides | abides at | 

inhabits | is a resident of location | habitat | nest | home | 

abode x2〉 

xabmapti mate | match of ... [anything from socks to 

humans] [xadba+mapti] 

xabminli half mile [xadba+minli] 

xabnilganra radius [xadba+ni+ganra] 

xabybumru half fog [xadba+bumru] 

xabyplu peninsula [xadba+daplu] 

xacysanta shield [xarci+santa] 

xadba [xab] 〈x1 is exactly | approximately half | semi- | 

demi- | hemi- of x2 by standard x3〉 

xadmidju waist [xadni+midju] 

xadmuvgau to move a part of the body 

[xadni+muvdu+gasnu] 

xadni [xad] 〈x1 is a | the body | corpus | corpse of x2; 

(adjective:) x1 is corporal | corporeal〉 

xadycarna to toss, to turn (intr.), [of body] 

[xadni+carna] 

xadycla tall [xadni+clani] 

xadykro bent (of body) [xadni+korcu] 

xadypau body part [xadni+pagbu] 

xadyplijvi athletics and other sports 

[xadni+pilno+jivna] 

xadysku gesticulate; body language [xadni+cusku] 

xadytaixau well-proportioned [of body] 

[xadni+tarmi+xamgu] 

xadyxai to beat someone [xadni+xrani] 

xagji 〈x1 hungers for x2; x1 needs | wants food | fuel 

x2〉 

xagmaugau to improve (tr.) [xamgu+zmadu+gasnu] 

xagmaupai to judge as better [xamgu+zmadu+pajni] 

xagrai best [xamgu+traji] 

xagri 〈x1 is a oboe | clarinet | saxophone [reed musical 

instrument] with reed x2〉 

xajmi [xam] 〈x1 is funny | comical to x2 in property | 

aspect x3 (nu | ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2〉 

also: x1 is a comedian (= xampre, xamseljibri for a 

professional comedian) 

xaki’o [PA] 6,000 number | quantity: 6,000 expressed 

with comma 

xaksu [xak] 〈x1 (event) uses up | depletes | consumes | 

[wastes] x2 [resource]〉 waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu) 

xalbarja bar [xalka+barja] 

xalbebna tipsy, giddy, besotted [xalka+bebna] 

xalbo 〈x1 uses levity | is non-serious | frivolous about 

x2 (abstraction)〉 

xalcro hangover [xalka+cortu] 

xaldji craving for alcohol [xalka+djica] 

xalfenki madly drunk [xalka+fenki] 

xalgei giddy, merry [xalka+gleki] 

xalka [xal] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of 

alcohol of type x2 from source | process x3〉 

105

xalkai xazdo 

xalkai alcoholic [xalka+ckaji] 

xalni 〈x1 (person) is panicked by crisis x2 (event | 

state)〉 

xalnunvindu alcohol poisoning [xalka+nu+vindu] 

xalpinxe to drink alcohol [xalka+pinxe] 

xalpixydji craving for alcohol [xalka+pinxe+djica] 

xalsedycro hangover [xalka+stedu+cortu] 

xalsipna alcoholic stupor [xalka+sipna] 

xalsla booze-up, revelling [xalka+salci] 

xalvamtu throw up due to alcohol [xalka+vamtu] 

xalxre cocktail [xalka+mixre] 

xamgau a [practical] joke [xajmi+gasnu] 

xamgu [xag, xau] 〈x1 (object | event) is good | beneficial 

| nice | [acceptable] for x2 by standard x3〉 acceptable (= 

mlixau, norxau, xaurselcru) 

xamoi [MOI] is sixth among quantified selbri: convert 6 

to ordinal selbri; x1 is sixth among x2 ordered by rule x3 

xampo [xa’o, xap] 〈x1 is x2 ampere(s) [metric unit] in 

current (default is 1) by standard x3〉 

xamsi [xas] 〈x1 is a sea | ocean | gulf | [atmosphere] of 

planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine〉 also 

atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta) 

xanboi handball [xance+bolci] 

xance [xa’e, xan] 〈x1 is a | the hand [body-part] of x2; 

[metaphor: manipulating tool, waldo]〉 (adjective:) x1 is 

manual 

xandegji finger [hand, as opposed to toe] [xance+degji] 

xandegycalku fingernail [xance+degji+calku] 

xangle manual stimulation, fingering, hand job 

[xance+gletu] 

xanjanbe handbell [xance+janbe] 

xanjoifirsku gesticulate [xance+joi+flira+cusku] 

xanka 〈x1 is nervous | anxious about x2 (abstraction) 

under conditions x3〉 

xano [PA] 60 number | quantity: 60 [sixty] 

xanono [PA] 600 number | quantity: 600 [six hundred] 

xanri [xar] 〈x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of | is 

imagined by | is imaginary to x2〉 also (adjective:) x1 is 

mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of 

the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply 

that it doesn’t exist in the real world; the definition is 

crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things 

without claiming that they thereby really exist 

xansku gesticulate [xance+cusku] 

xantamji thumb [xance+tamji] 

xanto 〈x1 is an elephant of species | breed x2〉 

106 

xantydenmai ivory [xanto+denci+marji] 

xarci [xa’i, xac] 〈x1 is a weapon | arms for use against 

x2 by x3〉 gun | cannon (= celxa’i) 

xarju [xaj] 〈x1 is a pig | hog | swine | [boar] [pork | ham 

| bacon-producer] of species | breed x2〉 sow (= fetxarju), 

boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre’u), piglet (= citxarju) 

xarnu 〈x1 is stubborn | willfully opposing | resisting x2 

about x3 (event | state)〉 x2 may be a person, a state or 

condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance 

xarpre character [e.g. roleplaying games, fiction] 

[xanri+prenu] 

xaskla navigate [xamsi+klama] 

xaskoi beach, coast [xamsi+korbi] 

xasli 〈x1 is a donkey | jackass of species | breed x2〉 

xaslycmo bray [xasli+cmoni] 

xasne 〈x1 is a | the sweat | perspiration from body x2, 

excreted by gland(s) | organs x3〉 

xasxelkla sea vehicle [xamsi+xe+klama] 

xasymabru water mammal [dolphin, whale] 

[xamsi+mabru] 

xasysfe sea’s surface, sea-level [xamsi+sefta] 

xasyspa sea plant, including algae [xamsi+spati] 

xatra [xa’a] 〈x1 is a letter | missive | [note] to intended 

audience x2 from author | originator x3 with content x4〉 

xatsi [xat] 〈x1 is 1x10**-18 of x2 in dimension | aspect 


xaufri enjoy [xamgu+lifri] 

xaujdi good judgement, discerning [xamgu+jdice] 

xaupre goodfellow, good person [xamgu+prenu] 

xaurpai approve [xamgu+pajni] 

xaurprepro divisiveness, opposing the good 

[xamgu+prenu+fapro] 

xaursirji straight [as in ”sit up straight”] [xamgu+sirji] 

xaurtoi to try well, to make a good attempt 

[xamgu+troci] 

xauzma better [xamgu+zmadu] 

xavdei Saturday (daytime | nighttime non-specific) 

[re+djedi] 

xavoki’o [PA] 64,000 number | quantity: 64,000 

expressed with comma 

xavycte Saturday night [nighttime] [re+nicte] 

xavyselmla six-sided [xa+se+mlana] 

xavyvanbi Saturday evening [re+vanbi] 

xazdo [xaz, zdo] 〈x1 reflects Asiatic culture | nationality 

| geography in aspect x2〉

xe xriso 

xe [SE] [xel] 5th conversion 5th conversion; switch 1st | 

5th places 

xebe’i [BAI] transmitted via benji modal, 5th place 

(medium) transmitted via ... 

xebni [xei, xen] 〈x1 hates | despises x2 (object | 

abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to x1〉 

x1 is hateful (one sense); x2 is hateful (different sense) 

xebro [bro, xeb] 〈x1 reflects Hebrew | Jewish | Israeli 

culture | nationality | language in aspect x2〉 

xecto [cto, xet] 〈x1 is a hundred [100; 1x10**2] of x2 in 


xedja [xe’a, xej] 〈x1 is a | the jaw [body-part] of x2〉 

xejykoi chin [xedja+korbi] 

xeka’a [BAI] by transport mode klama modal, 5th place 

by transport mode ... 

xekri [xe’i, xek] 〈x1 is black | extremely dark-colored 

[color adjective]〉 

xekselkre black-haired [xekri+se+kerfa] 

xekselskapi black-skinned people [xekri+se+skapi] 

xekyblabi black & white [xekri+blabi] 

xelbei carrying path [xe+bevri] 

xelcku book medium [xe+cukta] 

xelcli learning method [xe+cilre] 

xelctu teaching method [xe+ctuca] 

xeldraci act in drama [xe+draci] 

xelfanva translation [xe+fanva] 

xelfla legislature [xe+flalu] 

xelkarbi comparison [xe+karbi] 

xelkla transportation means [xe+klama] 

xelmre measurement accuracy [xe+merli] 

xelmri mail carrier [xe+mrilu] 

xelpambe pumping means [xe+pambe] 

xelsanta support umbrella [xe+santa] 

xelso [xes] 〈x1 reflects Greek | Hellenic culture | 


xeltau phrase language [xe+tanru] 

xendo [xe’o, xed] 〈x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions | 

behavior x3〉 

xenru [xe’u, xer] 〈x1 regrets | rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is 

regretful | rueful | sorry | [remorseful] about x2〉 also: x1 

feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe’u) 

xerselfriti penitent sacrifice | offering [xenru+se+friti] 

xervla a word of apology [xenru+valsi] 

xesxei anthellenism [xelso+xebni] 

xexso [xex] 〈x1 is 1x10**18 of x2 in dimension | aspect 


xi [XI] subscript subscript; attaches a numer of letteral 

string following as a subscript onto grammar structures 

xilcutci rollerskating shoe [xislu+cutci] 

xindo [xin] 〈x1 reflects Hindi language | culture | 

religion in aspect x2〉 defaults to not include Urdu; 

Indian (Bharat) nationality may be implied (when 

constrained by xingu’e) 

xinmo [xim] 〈x1 is a quantity of ink of color | pigment 

x2 used by writing device x3〉 

xircmo to neigh [xirma+cmoni] 

xirkla to ride [xirma+klama] 

xirma [xi’a, xir] 〈x1 is a horse | equine | [colt | mare | 

stallion | pony] of species | breed x2〉 (adjective:) x1 is 

equine | equestrian 

xislu [xi’u, xil] 〈x1 is a wheel [tool] of device | vehicle 

x2, made of materials | having properties x3〉 

xismalsi church [xriso+malsi] 

xispo [xip] 〈x1 reflects Hispano-American culture | 

nationalities in aspect x2〉 refers to Spanish-speaking 

Latin-American countries, not Brazil | Guyana 

xlali [xla] 〈x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor | 

unacceptable to x2〉 be careful to distinguish between a 

bad | unacceptable event, and a bad | unacceptable agent: 

x1 does poorly (= lenu ko’a gasnu cu xlali and not 

normally ko’a xlali) 

xlapre bad person [xlali+prenu] 

xleserti canal steps, locks [naxle+serti] 

xlura [xlu] 〈x1 (agent) influences | lures | tempts x2 into 

action | state x3 by influence | threat | lure x4〉 also 

impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place 

reordering); x3 may be an achieved action | state, or an 

attempt to perform an action | enter a state) 

xo [PA5] number ? digit | number: number | digit | lerfu 

question 

xotli [xoi, xol] 〈x1 is a hotel | inn | hostel at location x2 

operated by x3〉 

xrabo [rab] 〈x1 reflects Arabic-speaking culture | 


xrakarni [illustrated] magazine [pixra+karni] 

xrani [xai] 〈x1 (event) injures | harms | damages victim 

x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (state)〉 also 

hurts 

xraski to depict [pixra+skicu] 

xriso [xi’o, xis] 〈x1 pertains to the Christian religion | 


107

xruba zasti 

xruba [xub] 〈x1 is a quantity of buckwheat | rhubarb | 

sorrel grass of species | strain x2〉 

xrucpa to get something back [xruti+cpacu] 

xrufle to return [of electricity after blackout] 

[xruti+flecu] 

xruki [xuk] 〈x1 is a turkey [food | bird] of species | 

breed x2〉 

xrukla to go back, to return [xruti+klama] 

xrula [rul] 〈x1 is a | the flower | blossom | bloom 

[body-part] of plant | species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral〉 

xruti [xru] 〈x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin | earlier state 

x3 from x4; x1 moves | gives x2 back to x3 from x4〉 x2 

goes back | [retreats] to x3 (= se’ixru for agent 

self-returning to a previous location | situation: renumber 

places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or 

an event | situation; the latter may also be expressed with 

krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka | rikygau) 

xu [UI6] true-false ? discursive: true-false question 

xukmi [xu’i, xum] 〈x1 is an instance of substance | 

chemical | drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3〉 

xukske chemistry [xruki+saske] 

xuksle molecule [xruki+selci] 

xumcacpli to have a drug habit [xukmi+tcaci+pilno] 

xumsne hallucinogenic intoxication, ’trip’ 

[xukmi+senva] 

xunkrexli red-haired girl [xunre+kerfa+nixli] 

xunre [xu’e, xun] 〈x1 is red | crimson | ruddy [color 

adjective]〉 

xurdo [xu’o, xur] 〈x1 reflects Urdu language | culture | 


xusnoi document [xusra+notci] 

xusra [xu’a, xus] 〈x1 (agent) asserts | claims | declares 

x2 (du’u) is true [can be used for epistemology of 

authority]〉 also: x1 states | says that | affirms | purports 

to know that x2 

xusypapri document [physical] [xusra+papri] 

xusyvei document [xusra+vreji] 

xutla [xul] 〈x1 is smooth | even | [soft | silky] in texture | 

regularity〉 

xy [BY2] x letteral for x 

.y [Y] hesitation hesitation noise; maintains the floor 

while speaker decides what to say next 

.y’y [BY2] ’ letteral for ’ 

.ybu [BY] y letteral for y 

108 

za [ZI] medium time time tense distance: medium 

distance in time 

za’a [UI2] I observe evidential: I observe zgana, lanli 

za’e [BAhE] nonce-word next forethought nonce-word 

indicator; indicates next word is nonce-creation and may 

be nonstandard 

za’i [NU1] [zaz] state abstract abstractor: state (event) 

abstractor; x1 is continuous state of [bridi] being true 

za’o [ZAhO] [za’o] superfective interval event contour: 

continuing too long after natural end of ...; superfective 

— —-¿ 

za’u [PA3] greater than digit | number: greater than 

zabna [za’a, zan] 〈x1 is a favorable connotation | sense | 

way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3〉 

zai [LAU] select alphabet 2-word letteral | shift: 

alternate alphabet selector follows 

zajba [zaj] 〈x1 is a gymnast at | performs gymnastics 

feat x2〉 

zajyctu coach [zajba+ctuca] 

zaltapla patty of ground material, [e.g. hamburger] 

[zalvi+tapla] 

zalvi [zal] 〈x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] 

grinds | pulverizes | crushes x2 into powder x3〉 may 

need mosra tanru 

zancimstu oasis [zabna+cilmo+stuzi] 

zanfri enjoy [zabna+lifri] 

zanru [zar, zau] 〈x1 approves of | gives favor to plan | 

action x2 (object | event)〉 

zarci [zac, zai] 〈x1 is a market | store | exchange | 

shop(s) selling | trading (for) x2, operated by | with 

participants x3〉 also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, 

cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the 

function of selling | exchanging coupled with a location, 

and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace 

than the stalls | shops that comprise it, though it does not 

exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may 

include both owners | proprietors and customers in some 

markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators 

zargu [za’u, zag] 〈x1 is a | the buttock(s) | arse | rear | 

seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, 

support]〉 also ass, behind, butt 

zasni [zas] 〈x1 is temporary | not permanent | expected 

to change in property x2 (ka) by standard | expectant x3〉 

also transient 

zasti [za’i, zat] 〈x1 exists | is real | actual | reality for x2 

under metaphysics x3〉 words usable for epistemology

zasyspo zgana 

typically have a du’u place 

zasyspo temporarily destroy [zasni+daspo] 

zasysti temporarily ceasing, pausing [zasni+sisti] 

zatsta keeps existing [zasti+stali] 

zau [BAI] approved by zanru modal, 1st place approved 

by ... 

zausku to praise [zanru+cusku] 

zbabu [bab] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of 

soap from source x2 of composition including x3〉 

zbani 〈x1 is a bay in | of coast | shoreline x2〉 

zbaske engineering [zbasu+saske] 

zbasu [zba] 〈x1 makes | assembles | builds | 

manufactures | creates x2 out of materials | parts | 

components x3〉 should not be used to express causation 

zbaveljmina to be put together [zbasu+ve+jmina] 

zbepi [zbe] 〈x1 is a pedestal | base | stand | pallet 

supporting x2 (object | event), of materials | properties 

x3〉 pallet (= lafyzbe) 

zbisakci sniffle [nazbi+sakci] 

zdabartu outside, outdoors [zdani+bartu] 

zdacravro hall door [zdani+crane+vorme] 

zdani [zda] 〈x1 is a nest | house | lair | den | [home] of | 

for x2〉 home (= tercnizda), house (constructed building) 

(= zdadi’u) 

zdasazri housewife, house-caretaker [zdani+sazri] 

zdaspe housewife [zdani+speni] 

zdasta to stay home [zdani+stali] 

zdatutra habitat [implies control] [zdani+tutra] 

zdaxru to return something home [zdani+xruti] 

zdifanza to tease [zdile+fanza] 

zdile [zdi] 〈x1 (abstract) is amusing | entertaining to x2 

in property | aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1〉 

also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is 

amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an 

amusement | entertainment | [game] for x2 

zdilisri anecdote, joke [zdile+lisri] 

ze [PA1] [zel] 7 digit | number: 7 (digit) [seven] 

ze’a [ZEhA] medium time interval time tense interval: a 

medium length of time 

ze’aba [ZEhA] for a while after time tense: a medium 

time interval offset towards the future; (tense | modal) 

ze’aca [ZEhA] for a while during time tense: a medium 

time interval spanning the present; (tense | modal) 

ze’apu [ZEhA] for a while before time tense: a medium 

time interval offset towards the past; (tense | modal) 

ze’e [ZEhA] [ze’e] whole time interval time tense 

interval: the whole of time 

ze’i [ZEhA] short time interval time tense interval: an 

instantaneous | tiny | short amount of time 

ze’o [FAhA4] [ze’o, zev] outward location tense relation 

| direction; beyond | outward | receding from ... 

ze’u [ZEhA] long time interval time tense interval: a 

long amount of time 

zei [ZEI] lujvo glue joins preceding and following 

words into a lujvo 

zeki’o [PA] 7,000 number | quantity: 7,000 expressed 

with comma 

zekri [zei, zer] 〈x1 (event | state) is a crime | [taboo | 

offense | sin] to people | culture | judges | jury x2〉 taboo 

(= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= 

jdazei) 

zelcte Sunday night [nighttime] [ze+nicte] 

zeldei Sunday (daytime | nighttime non-specific) 

[ze+djedi] 

zelvanbi Sunday evening [ze+vanbi] 

zemoi [MOI] is seventh among quantified selbri: 

convert 7 to ordinal selbri; x1 is seventh among x2 

ordered by rule x3 

zenba [ze’a, zen] 〈x1 (experiencer) increases | is 

incremented | augmented in property | quantity x2 by 

amount x3〉 

zeno [PA] 70 number | quantity: 70 [seventy] 

zenono [PA] 700 number | quantity: 700 [seven 

hundred] 

zepti [zep] 〈x1 is 1x10**-21 of x2 in dimension | aspect 


zergau to commit a crime [zekri+gasnu] 

zerkalte poacher [zekri+kalte] 

zernerkla to sneak into something, breaking and 

entering [zekri+nenri+klama] 

zerxai crime against someone, crime with a victim 

[zekri+xrani] 

zerxaigau to commit a crime against... 

[zekri+xrani+gasnu] 

zetcla old, having existed a long time [zetro+clani] 

zetro [zet] 〈x1 is 1x10**21 of x2 in dimension | aspect 


zgana [zga] 〈x1 observes | [notices] | watches | beholds 

x2 using senses | means x3 under conditions x4〉 behold | 

watch | gaze (= vi’azga); guard | watchman | sentinel (= 

zgaku’i, jdeku’i) 

109

zgatirna zunsna 

zgatirna to listen [zgana+tirna] 

zgifau musical event [zgike+fasnu] 

zgijvexajmi musical comedy [zgike+and+xajmi] 

zgikabri musical glasses [zgike+kabri] 

zgikalsa musical chaos [zgike+kalsa] 

zgike [gi’e, zgi] 〈x1 is music performed | produced by 

x2 (event)〉 x2 event may be person playing instrument, 

singing, musical source operating | vibrating, etc.; 

instrument (= zgica’a); play an instrument (= zgica’apli, 

zgiterca’a, selzgigau, selzgizu’e); song (= sagzgi, 

selsa’a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo’a); composed 

music (= finzgi) 

zgiselsku melody, musical work [zgike+se+cusku] 

zgisku to perform music [zgike+cusku] 

zi [ZI] short time time tense distance: 

instantaneous-to-short distance in time 

zi’e [ZIhE] rel clause joiner joins relative clauses which 

apply to the same sumti 

zi’o [KOhA7] [zil] nonexistent it pro-sumti: fills a sumti 

place, deleting it from selbri place structure;changes 

selbri semantics 

zifre [zi’e, zif] 〈x1 is free | at liberty to do | be x2 (event 

| state) under conditions x3〉 also unrestricted, unfettered, 

unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) 

willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) 

x1 voluntarily does x2 

zinki [zi’i, zin] 〈x1 is a quantity of | contains | is made of 

zinc (Zn); [metaphor: hard metal]〉 

zirjbo ’bad lojban’ (Helsemism) [zirpu+lojbo] 

zirpu [zi’u, zir] 〈x1 is purple | violet [color adjective]〉 

zivle [vle, ziv] 〈x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in 

investment x3 expecting return | profit x4 (object(s) | 

event)〉 also ties up | [risks | gambles 

zmadu [mau, zma] 〈x1 exceeds | is more than x2 in 

property | quantity x3 (ka | ni) by amount | excess x4〉 

also positive (= nonmau) 

zmanei to prefer [zmadu+nelci] 

zmazau prefer [zmadu+zanru] 

zmiku [zmi] 〈x1 is automatic in function x2 under 

conditions x3〉 

zmitra mechanical [of behaviour] [zmiku+tarti] 

zo [ZO] 1-word quote quote next word only; quotes a 

single Lojban word (not a cmavo compound or tanru) 

zo’a [FAhA4] [zo’a, zon] tangential to location tense 

relation | direction; tangential to | passing by ... 

110 

zo’e [KOhA7] unspecif it pro-sumti: an elliptical | 

unspecified value; has some value which makes bridi true 

zo’i [FAhA4] [zo’i, zor] inward location tense relation | 

direction; nearer than ... | inward | approaching from ... 

zo’o [UI5] humorously attitudinal modifier: humorously 

- dully - seriously xajmi, junri 

zo’obu [BY] smiley face letteral: humor symbol, ”:-)” 

and its related forms expressing humor (letteral) 

zo’ocu’i [UI5] dully attitudinal modifier: humorously - 

dully - seriously 

zo’onai [UI5] seriously attitudinal modifier: 

humorously - dully - seriously 

zo’u [ZOhU] end prenex marks end of logical prenex 

quantifiers | topic identification and start of sentence 

bridi 

zoi [ZOI] non-Lojban quote delimited non-Lojban 

quotation; the result treated as a block of text 

zu [ZI] long time time tense distance: long distance in 

time 

zu’a [FAhA2] on the left of location tense relation | 

direction; leftwards | to the left of ... 

zu’e [BAI] with actor zukte modal, 1st place (purposed 

agent) with goal-seeking actor ... 

zu’i [KOhA7] typical it pro-sumti: the typical sumti 

value for this place in this relationship; affects truth value 

zu’o [NU1] [zum] activity abstract abstractor: activity 

(event) abstractor; x1 is abstract activity of [bridi] 

composed of x2 

zu’u [UI3] on the one hand discursive: on the one hand 

- on the other hand karbi, frica. dukti 

zu’unai [UI3] on the other hand discursive: on the one 

hand - on the other hand 

zukte [zu’e, zuk] 〈x1 is a volitional entity employing 

means | taking action x2 for purpose | goal x3 | to end 

x3〉 also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause 

with volition | purpose; also x3 objective, end 

zumri [zmu] 〈x1 is a quantity of maize | corn [grain] of 


zungi [zug] 〈x1 feels guilt | remorse about x2 

(abstraction)〉 

zunle [zul] 〈x1 is to the left | left-hand side of x2 which 

faces | in-frame-of-reference x3〉 also x3 is the standard 

of orientation for x2 

zunsna consonant [zunti+sance]

zunti zy 

zunti [zu’i, zun] 〈x1 (evt. | state) interferes with | 

hinders | disrupts x2 (evt. | state | process) due to quality 

x3 (ka)〉 

zutse [tse, zut] 〈x1 sits [assumes sitting position] on 

surface x2〉 

zvakansa to be with someone somewhere [zvati+kansa] 

zvapre a person present [zvati+prenu] 

zvaste roll of those present, registration list [zvati+liste] 

zvastejbu registration table [for conferences] 

[zvati+liste+jubme] 

zvati [zva] 〈x1 (object | event) is at | attending | present 

at x2 (event | location)〉 refers to a nonce location for an 

object | activity that is mobile 

zy [BY2] z letteral for z 

111

zy zy 

112

English to Lojban 

113

.001’s dimension 1E-9’s dimension 

.001’s dimension 〈x3 of milti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, 

delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, 

decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, 

mikri, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, 

zetro 

.01’s dimension 〈x3 of centi〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, 

delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, decti, 

dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, 

milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, 

zetro 

.1’s dimension 〈x3 of decti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, 




zetro 

001’s dimension 〈x3 of milti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, 



mikri, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, 

zetro 

01’s dimension 〈x3 of centi〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, 

delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, decti, 



zetro 

1’s dimension 〈x3 of decti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, 




zetro 

10 〈x1 of dekto〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, 

kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, femti, 

gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, 

petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro 

10’s dimension 〈x3 of dekto〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, 


decti, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, 

nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro 

100 〈x1 of xecto〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, 

kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, 

femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, 

nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xexso, zepti, zetro 

100’s dimension 〈x3 of xecto〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, 



mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xexso, zepti, 

zetro 

1000 〈x1 of kilto〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, 

molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, 

dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, megdo, mikri, milti, 

nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro, 

minli 

1000’s dimension 〈x3 of kilto〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, 


decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, megdo, mikri, 


zetro, minli 

1E-12’s dimension 〈x3 of picti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 

stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, 

centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, 

megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, terto, xatsi, xecto, 

xexso, zepti, zetro 

1E-15’s dimension 〈x3 of femti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 


centi, decti, dekto, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, 

mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, 

zepti, zetro 

1E-18’s dimension 〈x3 of xatsi〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 



megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xecto, 


1E-21’s dimension 〈x3 of zepti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 



megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, 

xexso, zetro 

1E-24’s dimension 〈x3 of gocti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 


centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gotro, kilto, megdo, 


zepti, zetro 

1E-6’s dimension 〈x3 of mikri〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 



megdo, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, 

zepti, zetro 

1E-9’s dimension 〈x3 of nanvi〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 



megdo, mikri, milti, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, 

zepti, zetro 

115

1E12’s dimension added to 

1E12’s dimension 〈x3 of terto〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 



megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, xatsi, xecto, 


1E15’s dimension 〈x3 of petso〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 



megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, 

zepti, zetro 

1E18’s dimension 〈x3 of xexso〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 




zepti, zetro 

1E21’s dimension 〈x3 of zetro〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 




xexso, zepti 

1E24’s dimension 〈x3 of gotro〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 


centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, kilto, megdo, 


zepti, zetro 

1E6’s dimension 〈x3 of megdo〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 


centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, mikri, 


zetro 

1E9’s dimension 〈x3 of gigdo〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, 


decti, dekto, femti, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, 


1st alternative 〈x2 of vlina〉 kanxe, cmavo list a, ja, gi’a, 

gu’a 

1st conjunct 〈x2 of kanxe〉 vlina 

1st side of bridge 〈x3 of cripu〉 bargu, kruca, ragve, 

kuspe 

1st space with door 〈x2 of vorme〉 canko, ganlo, kalri, 

murta, pagre, bitmu, kuspe 

1st subunit of gallon 〈x4 of dekpu〉 canlu, litce, rupnu, 

fepni, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu 

1st summand 〈x2 of sumji〉 jmina, jalge, mulno, pilji 

2nd alternative 〈x3 of vlina〉 kanxe, cmavo list a, ja, 

gi’a, gu’a 

116 

2nd conjunct 〈x3 of kanxe〉 vlina 

2nd side of bridge 〈x4 of cripu〉 bargu, kruca, ragve, 

kuspe 

2nd space with door 〈x3 of vorme〉 canko, ganlo, kalri, 


2nd summand 〈x3 of sumji〉 jmina, jalge, mulno, pilji 

a shame 〈x2 of xenru〉 cmavo list .u’u, zungi 

a tenth 〈x2 of dekto〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, 




ability 〈x2 of kakne〉 stati, certu, gasnu (in the time-free 

potential sense 

ability conditions 〈x3 of kakne〉 stati, certu, gasnu (in 

the time-free potential sense 

above 〈x2 of cnita〉 dizlo, gapru, galtu, farna, loldi 

abstract source 〈x2 of sucta〉 fatci, xanri 

abstraction rules 〈x3 of sucta〉 fatci, xanri 

acccustomed 〈x2 of tcaci〉 fadni, kampu, lakne, jinzi, 

ckaji, cnano, tarti, ritli, javni, zekri 

accessed from street 〈x3 of klaji〉 naxle, panka, pluta, 

dargu 

accessible 〈x3 of vorme〉 canko, ganlo, kalri, murta, 

pagre, bitmu, kuspe 

accompanied 〈x2 of kansa〉 kagni, jorne, gunma, girzu, 

lasna 

accompanied in 〈x3 of kansa〉 kagni, jorne, gunma, 

girzu, lasna 

accompaniment for dance 〈x2 of dansu〉 bende, zgike, 

zajba 

achievable 〈x2 of kakne〉 stati, certu, gasnu (in the 

time-free potential sense 

achievement 〈x2 of snada〉 fliba, troci, jgira 

acid composition 〈x2 of slami〉 slari, nimre 

acre standard 〈x3 of kramu〉 rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, 

minli, merli, bunda 

act in drama 〈x5 of draci〉 finti, cukta, lisri, cfika 

action 〈x2 of zukte〉 cmavo list zu’e, bapli, gunka, jalge, 

krinu, mukti, rinka, snuti, gasnu, fasnu, minji, prenu, 

ciksi, jibri, pilno, pluta, tadji, tutci 

action goal 〈x3 of zukte〉 cmavo list zu’e, bapli, gunka, 

jalge, krinu, mukti, rinka, snuti, gasnu, fasnu, minji, 

prenu, ciksi, jibri, pilno, pluta, tadji, tutci 

activity avoided 〈x2 of lazni〉 nejni, vreta, gunka 

added 〈x2 of jmina〉 zmadu, banro, sumji, zenba, setca 

added to 〈x3 of jmina〉 zmadu, banro, sumji, zenba, setca

addend amusing property 

addend 〈x3 of sumji〉 jmina, jalge, mulno, pilji 

addition result 〈x4 of jmina〉 zmadu, banro, sumji, 

zenba, setca 

additive 〈x2 of jmina〉 zmadu, banro, sumji, zenba, setca 

address system 〈x3 of judri〉 tcita, cmene, ciste, stuzi 

addressed 〈x2 of tavla〉 bacru, cusku for actual 

expression, casnu, darlu, skicu, ciksi, bangu 

addressee 〈x2 of judri〉 tcita, cmene, ciste, stuzi 

adept 〈x2 of frili〉 nandu, sampu, zifre 

adherents 〈x2 of lijda〉 budjo, censa, cevni, crida, dadjo, 

jegvo, krici, latna, malsi, marde, muslo, pruxi, ranmi, 

ritli, xriso, zekri 

adjacency direction 〈x4 of lamji〉 zvati, cpana, jibni, 

diklo, stuzi, bartu, jbini 

adjacency property 〈x3 of lamji〉 zvati, cpana, jibni, 


adjacent 〈x3 of korbi〉 cmavo list koi, greku, mlana, 

jimte, ctebi, bartu 

adjusted 〈x2 of stika〉 cenba which need not be agentive, 

galfi which is agentive and resultative, binxo which need 

not be agentive but is resultative, zasni, stodi 

adjustment amount 〈x3 of stika〉 cenba which need not 

be agentive, galfi which is agentive and resultative, binxo 

which need not be agentive but is resultative, zasni, stodi 

adores 〈x2 of dirba〉 tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, 

jadni, jemna 

adorned 〈x2 of jadni〉 jemna, dirba, batke 

adversary 〈x3 of bandu〉 ckape, fanta, fapro, marbi, 

rivbi, zunti, snura, binra, lunbe, pulji 

affix compound 〈x1 of lujvo〉 stura, cmavo, gismu, rafsi, 

smuni 

affix form 〈x3 of rafsi〉 valsi, lujvo, pagbu 

affix language 〈x4 of rafsi〉 valsi, lujvo, pagbu 

African aspect 〈x2 of friko〉 ropno, xazdo 

after 〈x2 of purci〉 lidne, balvi, cabna, farna 

agreed about 〈x4 of tugni〉 sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, 

panpi, sarji 

agreed that 〈x3 of tugni〉 sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, 

panpi, sarji 

agreed upon 〈x3 of tugni〉 sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, 

panpi, sarji 

agreed with 〈x2 of tugni〉 sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, 

panpi, sarji 

agreement 〈x3 of tugni〉 sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, 

panpi, sarji 

aide 〈x1 of sidju〉 cmavo list si’u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, 

selfu 

ailment treated 〈x3 of mikce〉 bilma, kanro, spita 

air composition 〈x3 of vacri〉 gapci, kijno, trano, tumla, 

vasxu, xamsi 

air for fire 〈x3 of fagri〉 jelca, sacki 

alate 〈x2 of nalci〉 cipni, pimlu, rebla 

alcohol source 〈x3 of xalka〉 birje, jikru, vanju 

alcohol type 〈x2 of xalka〉 birje, jikru, vanju 

Algerian aspect 〈x2 of jerxo〉 friko, xrabo, muslo, fraso 

algorithmic 〈x2 of tadji〉 ciste, pruce, zukte, pluta, 

cmavo list tai 

alienness property 〈x2 of fange〉 cizra, jbena, ckini 

aliveness standard 〈x2 of jmive〉 lifri, morsi, stuzi, zvati, 

xabju 

alkali composition 〈x2 of jilka〉 sodna, bakri, sodva 

alkali type metal 〈x2 of sodna〉 jilka, jinme 

allocation 〈x3 of fatri〉 cmavo list fa’u, fendi, preja, 

katna, tcana 

allowed 〈x2 of curmi〉 rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, 

zifre 

allows 〈x2 of cumki〉 lakne, cumki 

alluring 〈x3 of trina〉 djica, nelci, rigni, xlura, maksi 

alone 〈x1 of claxu〉 cmavo list cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, 

pindi, banzu 

along a street 〈x3 of klaji〉 naxle, panka, pluta, dargu 

alphabet 〈x2 of lerfu〉 mifra, namcu, sinxa, pandi 

ambient background 〈x3 of tirna〉 kerlo, sance, smaji, 

savru, voksa, ganse, zgana 

American aspect 〈x2 of merko〉 brito, bemro, ketco, 

xispo, glico 

amount in amperes 〈x2 of xampo〉 dikca, flecu, centi, 



zepti, zetro 

amount of charge 〈x3 of dikca〉 lindi, xampo, flecu, 

maksi, tcana 

ampere standard 〈x3 of xampo〉 dikca, flecu, centi, 



zepti, zetro 

amphibian species 〈x2 of banfi〉 danlu, respa 

amused 〈x2 of xajmi〉 bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, zdile 

amusing property 〈x3 of zdile〉 cinri, panka, xajmi for 

’funny’, kelci 

117

analysis method at peace with 

analysis method 〈x3 of lanli〉 catlu, zgana, jarco, pensi, 

pinka 

analyzed 〈x2 of lanli〉 catlu, zgana, jarco, pensi, pinka 

ancestral bond 〈x3 of dzena〉 patfu, rirni, tamne 

anchored 〈x2 of lasna〉 jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, dinko, 

kansa 

angle 〈x2 of tanjo〉 sinso 

angle vertex 〈x2 of jganu〉 kojna, linji, konju, mokca 

anguish over 〈x1 of dunku〉 fengu, surla 

animal species 〈x2 of danlu〉 banfi, cinki, cipni, finpe, 

jukni, respa, since, mabru, bakni 

annoyed 〈x2 of fanza〉 fengu, raktu, dicra, tunta, zunti, 

jicla 

another thing which is walled off 〈x3 of bitmu〉 jbini, 

sepli, fendi, canko, drudi, kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, 

pagre, gacri, kuspe, marbi, vorme 

answerer 〈x1 of danfu〉 ciksi, frati, preti, nabmi, spuda 

for agentive response/reply, cpedu 

ant species 〈x2 of manti〉 cinki, jalra 

Antarctican aspect 〈x2 of dzipo〉 ketco, friko, sralo, 

terdi 

antilogarithm 〈x2 of dugri〉 tenfa 

apparatus function 〈x2 of cabra〉 tutci, minji, finti; 

girzu, ganzu for organizational apparatus, pilno 

apparatus operator 〈x3 of cabra〉 tutci, minji, finti; 

girzu, ganzu for organizational apparatus, pilno 

apparent property 〈x2 of simlu〉 catlu, viska, simsa, 

zgana, ganse, jarco 

apparently observe 〈x3 of simlu〉 catlu, viska, simsa, 


appearance 〈x2 of simlu〉 catlu, viska, simsa, zgana, 

ganse, jarco 

apple species 〈x2 of plise〉 grute 

appraise 〈x3 of vamji〉 jdima, jerna, vecnu, dirba, janta, 

kargu, pleji; see note at jdima on cost/price/value 

distinction, vajni 

appreciate 〈x2 of kukte〉 gusta, ralci, vrusi, cpina 

approved 〈x2 of zanru〉 cmavo list zau, natfe 

aquaintance 〈x1 of slabu〉 clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; 

not the opposite of citno, djuno 

aquainted with 〈x2 of slabu〉 clani, citno, cnino, se 

djuno; not the opposite of citno, djuno 

aquisition 〈x2 of lebna〉 punji, cpacu where volition or 

previous possession is not necessarily implied, vimcu for 

alienation where x1 need not gain possession, canci, 

cliva 

118 

Arabic aspect 〈x2 of xrabo〉 sadjo, semto, lubno, rakso, 

sirxo 

arch material 〈x3 of bargu〉 cripu, kruvi, korcu, condi 

arcsine 〈x2 of sinso〉 tanjo 

arctangent 〈x2 of tanjo〉 sinso 

are related 〈x3 of bridi〉 sumti, fancu 

area of effect 〈x2 of diklo〉 cmavo list di’o, jibni, zvati, 

cpana, nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila 

Argentinian aspect 〈x2 of gento〉 xispo, ketco, spano 

argued against 〈x3 of darlu〉 fapro, jamna, sarji, talsa, 

sumti, tugni, casnu, damba, bradi, tavla 

argued for 〈x2 of darlu〉 fapro, jamna, sarji, talsa, sumti, 

tugni, casnu, damba, bradi, tavla 

argument of affix compound 〈x3 of lujvo〉 stura, 

cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni 

argument place 〈x3 of sumti〉 bridi, darlu, gismu 

argument relation 〈x3 of sumti〉 bridi, darlu, gismu 

armed 〈x3 of xarci〉 jenmi, sonci, catra 

army function 〈x3 of jenmi〉 bilni, sonci, xarci 

arrangement 〈x2 of porsi〉 cmavo list po’i, lidne, liste, 

cmima 

article language 〈x3 of gadri〉 valsi, cmavo 

article semantics 〈x4 of gadri〉 valsi, cmavo 

artist 〈x3 of pixra〉 ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barna, 

skina 

artistic activity 〈x2 of larcu〉 finti, zbasu, stati 

ashamed before 〈x3 of ckeji〉 cinmo 

Asiatic aspect 〈x2 of xazdo〉 polno, friko, jungo, rusko, 

ropno 

ask 〈x3 of preti〉 nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, spuda, cpedu 

asked 〈x4 of preti〉 nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, spuda, 

cpedu 

asserted 〈x2 of xusra〉 natfe which is propositional and 

non-agentive, nupre 

assertion 〈x2 of xusra〉 natfe which is propositional and 

non-agentive, nupre 

assumed 〈x2 of sruma〉 smadi, birti 

assumption 〈x2 of sruma〉 smadi, birti 

assumption subject 〈x3 of sruma〉 smadi, birti 

at 〈x1 of zvati〉 especially stuzi for an 

inherent/inalienable location, jbini, nenri, se vasru, 

cpana, diklo, jibni, cabna, lamji, tcini, xabju, jmive, 

jundi, vitke 

at peace with 〈x2 of panpi〉 jamna; use sarxe, smaji, 

tugni for most metaphorical extensions, cilce, jamna

attack goal bears fruit 

attack goal 〈x3 of gunta〉 bradi, damba, darxi, jamna, 

jenca, jursa 

attacked 〈x2 of gunta〉 bradi, damba, darxi, jamna, 

jenca, jursa 

attacked with weapon 〈x2 of xarci〉 jenmi, sonci, catra 

attempted 〈x2 of troci〉 fliba, snada, cipra 

attend school 〈x4 of ckule〉 cilre, ctuca, tadni 

attended to 〈x2 of jundi〉 kurji, zvati 

attracted 〈x2 of trina〉 djica, nelci, rigni, xlura, maksi 

attracting property 〈x3 of trina〉 djica, nelci, rigni, 

xlura, maksi 

attractive 〈x3 of trina〉 djica, nelci, rigni, xlura, maksi 

audacious behavior 〈x2 of darsi〉 virnu 

audience 〈x3 of skicu〉 lisri, tavla 

audience addressed 〈x3 of cusku〉 bacru, tavla, casnu, 

spuda, cmavo list cu’u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka 

audience of drama 〈x4 of draci〉 finti, cukta, lisri, cfika 

aunt or uncle 〈x1 of famti〉 bruna, mamta, mensi, patfu, 

rirni, tamne 

Australian aspect 〈x2 of sralo〉 glico 

author 〈x3 of prosa〉 cfika, lisri, cukta, pemci, finti 

author of a book 〈x3 of cukta〉 cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, 

papri 

author of fiction 〈x3 of cfika〉 cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, 

jitfa, jetnu, xanri 

authority basis 〈x3 of catni〉 turni, tutra, krati, cmavo 

list ca’i, jaspu, pulji 

authorize company 〈x2 of kagni〉 kansa, kamni, banxa, 

bende 

authorized by passport 〈x4 of jaspu〉 pikta, catni, curmi 

automatic function 〈x2 of zmiku〉 macnu 

automaticity condition 〈x3 of zmiku〉 macnu 

autumn location 〈x3 of critu〉 citsi, crisa, dunra, vensa, 

crepu 

available 〈x3 of cuxna〉 jdice, pajni, nelci 

avenged 〈x3 of venfu〉 sfasa, cnemu 

averaged 〈x2 of cnano〉 tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, tarti, 

rirci 

avoidance 〈x3 of rivbi〉 bandu which is not necessarily 

successful, fanta, which is agentive, se jersi which 

implies an opposing agent, sisku, kalte, fapro 

avoided 〈x2 of rivbi〉 bandu which is not necessarily 

successful, fanta, which is agentive, se jersi which 

implies an opposing agent, sisku, kalte, fapro 

avuncular bond 〈x3 of famti〉 bruna, mamta, mensi, 

patfu, rirni, tamne 

awesome 〈x2 of manci〉 cinmo, makfa, kucli, spaji, cinri, 

banli, sisku 

axle 〈x3 of gunro〉 bolci, carna, jendu, slanu 

axle material 〈x3 of jendu〉 se carna, gunro, tutci 

background noise 〈x3 of tirna〉 kerlo, sance, smaji, 


badness standard 〈x3 of xlali〉 palci, mabla, xamgu, 

betri 

bagged 〈x2 of dakli〉 daski for pouch, bakfu 

baked 〈x2 of toknu〉 nanba 

baked goods 〈x2 of toknu〉 nanba 

balancing forces 〈x2 of lanxe〉 midju, nutli; fapro for 

balancing/opposing forces, nutli 

balconied 〈x2 of balni〉 kajna 

ball material 〈x2 of bolci〉 bliku, cukla, bidju, gunro 

banana species 〈x2 of badna〉 grute 

banker 〈x2 of banxa〉 sorcu, zarci, canja, kagni 

banking functions 〈x3 of banxa〉 sorcu, zarci, canja, 

kagni 

bar 〈x4 of kanji〉 kancu, jdice, skami 

bar customers 〈x3 of barja〉 gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, 

vanju, xotli, ckafi, se pinxe 

barley species 〈x2 of bavmi〉 gurni 

barrier 〈x2 of pagre〉 bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, vorme, 

pluta, canko, ragve 

base of table 〈x3 of jubme〉 ckana, jamfu, nilce, zbepi, 

tsina, stizu 

based 〈x2 of jicmu〉 cmavo list ji’u, jamfu, zbepi, genja, 

krasi 

basis of invention 〈x4 of finti〉 cmavo list fi’e, ciska, 

pemci, zbasu, larcu, specific works of authorship, prosa, 

skina 

basket contents 〈x2 of lanka〉 vasru, baktu 

basket material 〈x3 of lanka〉 vasru, baktu 

baz 〈x5 of kanji〉 kancu, jdice, skami 

be cut 〈x2 of katna〉 kakpa, sraku for cutting into without 

division; plixa, dakfu, jinci, porpi, spofu, tunta, xrani, 

fatri, fendi, balre, dilcu 

bead material 〈x2 of bidju〉 bolci, canre, lakse, dirgo 

beaded 〈x2 of bidju〉 bolci, canre, lakse, dirgo 

bear species 〈x2 of cribe〉 danlu, mabru 

bear young 〈x2 of jbena〉 fange, gutra, rorci, mamta, 

salci, citsi 

bears fruit 〈x2 of grute〉 badna, dembi, figre, guzme, 

narge, perli, pilka, plise, spati, stagi, tamca, tsiju, tarbi, 

panzi, rorci, te pruce, jbari, nimre 

119

eaten in competition block material 

beaten in competition 〈x3 of jinga〉 cirko, jivna, talsa, 

cnemu, prali, pleji, sfasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, 

kelci 

beau 〈x2 of prami〉 cinmo, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, 

pluka, kurji, pendo, speni 

beauty property 〈x3 of melbi〉 pluka, xamgu 

beauty standard 〈x4 of melbi〉 pluka, xamgu 

bed material 〈x2 of ckana〉 kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, 

cpana, vreta, jubme, stizu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji 

bedewed 〈x2 of lunsa〉 cilmo, dunja, febvi, runme, bumru 

bee species 〈x2 of bifce〉 cinki, sfani, lakse 

beer ingredients 〈x2 of birje〉 pinxe, barja, jikru, vanju, 

xalka, fusra 

before 〈x2 of balvi〉 lidne, cabna, purci, farna 

befriended 〈x2 of pendo〉 bradi, xendo, nelci, prami, 

bradi 

begged 〈x2 of pikci〉 cpedu which is more general as to 

manner, pindi 

begged for 〈x3 of pikci〉 cpedu which is more general as 

to manner, pindi 

behavior 〈x2 of tarti〉 cnano, frati, tcaci, cilce, jikca, 

marde 

behavior conditions 〈x3 of tarti〉 cnano, frati, tcaci, 

cilce, jikca, marde 

behind 〈x2 of lidne〉 cmavo list li’e, balvi, ralju, rebla, 

purci for time sequence, jersi, porsi, jatna, farna 

belegged 〈x2 of tuple〉 stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli 

belief 〈x2 of krici〉 censa, cevni, lijda, makfa, malsi, 

senpi, birti 

belief subject 〈x3 of krici〉 censa, cevni, lijda, makfa, 

malsi, senpi, birti 

bell sound 〈x2 of janbe〉 zgike, tonga, desku, slilu 

bellied 〈x2 of betfu〉 cutne, livga, canti 

beloved 〈x2 of prami〉 cinmo, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, 


below 〈x2 of gapru〉 tsani, galtu, cnita, drudi, gacri, 

dizlo, farna 

belted 〈x2 of karli〉 sruri, djine 

beneficent 〈x3 of prali〉 vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, 

canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, dunda, zivle 

beneficiary 〈x3 of dunda〉 benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, 

vecnu, friti, sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali 

benefits from 〈x2 of prali〉 vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, 

canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, dunda, zivle 

Bengali aspect 〈x2 of bengo〉 xindo 

bequeath 〈x3 of cerda〉 jgina 

120 

berry species 〈x2 of jbari〉 grute, tsiju, narge, grute 

bespoused 〈x2 of speni〉 prami, gletu 

between 〈x3 of sepli〉 bitmu, snuji, senta, fendi, curve, 

jinsa, bitmu, marbi 

betweenness property 〈x3 of jbini〉 se vasru, nenri, 

zvati, cpana, snuji, senta, bitmu, jimte, kuspe, jibni, 

lamji, sruri, vanbi, midju, cmima, setca 

beverage 〈x2 of pinxe〉 cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, 

barja, birje 

beyond 〈x3 of ragve〉 dukti, kuspe, bancu, kruca, cripu, 

pagre 

beyondness property 〈x4 of bancu〉 dukse, ragve, 

zmadu, kuspe 

big picture 〈x2 of tcila〉 diklo, steci 

bigness dimension 〈x2 of barda〉 banli, clani, ganra, 

condi, plana, cmalu, rotsu, banro, xanto 

bigness standard 〈x3 of barda〉 banli, clani, ganra, 

condi, plana, cmalu, rotsu, banro, xanto 

billed 〈x3 of janta〉 jdima, vamji, vecnu, canja, jerna, 

dejni, jbera 

billed for 〈x2 of janta〉 jdima, vamji, vecnu, canja, jerna, 

dejni, jbera 

bird species 〈x2 of cipni〉 datka, gunse, jipci, nalci, 

pimlu, vofli, xruki, danlu 

birth time 〈x3 of jbena〉 fange, gutra, rorci, mamta, 

salci, citsi 

birthday 〈x3 of jbena〉 fange, gutra, rorci, mamta, salci, 

citsi 

birthmother 〈x2 of tarbi〉 gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, 

rorci, tsiju, grute 

birthparent 〈x2 of jbena〉 fange, gutra, rorci, mamta, 

salci, citsi 

birthplace 〈x4 of jbena〉 fange, gutra, rorci, mamta, 

salci, citsi 

bite locus 〈x3 of batci〉 denci, jgalu, guska, citka 

biting tool 〈x4 of batci〉 denci, jgalu, guska, citka 

bitten thing 〈x2 of batci〉 denci, jgalu, guska, citka 

bladed 〈x2 of balre〉 dakfu, tunta, tutci, guska, kinli, 

katna 

bless 〈x1 of dapma〉 mabla, dimna, cnemu, sfasa, dunda, 

cusku, cirko, jdima 

blessed 〈x2 of dimna〉 dapma 

blessing 〈x3 of ckire〉 cinmo, friti, pluka 

block material 〈x2 of bliku〉 tapla, kubli, tanbo, canlu, 

kojna, sefta, bolci, kurfa, tarmi

lock surface calendar 

block surface 〈x3 of bliku〉 tapla, kubli, tanbo, canlu, 

kojna, sefta, bolci, kurfa, tarmi 

board material 〈x2 of tanbo〉 bliku, kubli 

body sweating 〈x2 of xasne〉 pinca, vikmi, cigla 

boiling point 〈x2 of febvi〉 dunja, lunsa, runme 

boiling point pressure 〈x3 of febvi〉 dunja, lunsa, runme 

bomb explosive 〈x2 of jbama〉 cecla, spoja 

bone function 〈x2 of bongu〉 greku, denci, jirna, sarji 

bony 〈x3 of bongu〉 greku, denci, jirna, sarji 

book 〈x2 of papri〉 karni, pelji, prina, xatra, vreji, pezli, 

cukta, ciska 

book medium 〈x5 of cukta〉 cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, 

papri 

boon 〈x3 of ckire〉 cinmo, friti, pluka 

borne 〈x2 of renvi〉 ranji, kuspe, randa, lifri, stali, temci 

borrowed 〈x2 of jbera〉 dejni, janta, zivle 

boss 〈x3 of vipsi〉 krati, sidju 

bothered 〈x2 of fanza〉 fengu, raktu, dicra, tunta, zunti, 

jicla 

bottled 〈x2 of botpi〉 baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, tanxe, 

vasru, gacri 

bounce 〈x2 of minra〉 catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi 

bound beyond which 〈x2 of bancu〉 dukse, ragve, 

zmadu, kuspe 

bound pages 〈x2 of papri〉 karni, pelji, prina, xatra, 

vreji, pezli, cukta, ciska 

boundary 〈x2 of ragve〉 dukti, kuspe, bancu, kruca, 

cripu, pagre 

bounded 〈x2 of jimte〉 cmavo list ji’e, traji, korbi, kuspe, 

rinju, bapli, curmi, fanta, jbini 

bovine animal 〈x1 of bakni〉 danlu 

bovine species/breed 〈x2 of bakni〉 danlu 

bow 〈x2 of jgita〉 zgike 

box contents 〈x2 of tanxe〉 bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru 

box material 〈x3 of tanxe〉 bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru 

boxed 〈x2 of tanxe〉 bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru 

boy’s age 〈x2 of nanla〉 nixli, verba, nanmu, bersa 

boyhood standard 〈x3 of nanla〉 nixli, verba, nanmu, 

bersa 

brained 〈x2 of besna〉 menli, stedu, rango, pensi 

braked 〈x2 of jabre〉 mosra 

braking device 〈x3 of jabre〉 mosra 

branch of an office 〈x3 of briju〉 jibri, gunka 

branched 〈x2 of jimca〉 birka, rebla, tuple 

brass composition 〈x2 of lastu〉 jinme, ransu, tunka 

brave activity 〈x2 of virnu〉 terpa, darsi 

brave standard 〈x3 of virnu〉 terpa, darsi 

braved 〈x2 of virnu〉 terpa, darsi 

Brazilian aspect 〈x2 of brazo〉 porto, ketco 

breadth dimension 〈x2 of ganra〉 clani, jarki, rotsu, 

condi, barda, gutci, minli 

breadth standard 〈x3 of ganra〉 clani, jarki, rotsu, 

condi, barda, gutci, minli 

breathed 〈x2 of vasxu〉 fepri, kijno, vacri 

bridged over 〈x2 of cripu〉 bargu, kruca, ragve, kuspe 

bristles of brush 〈x3 of burcu〉 komcu, pinsi 

British aspect 〈x2 of brito〉 glico, skoto, merko, ropno 

broken piece 〈x2 of porpi〉 xrani, spofu, se katna 

bronze composition 〈x2 of ransu〉 jinme, tunka, lastu 

brotherly bond 〈x3 of bruna〉 mensi, tunba, tamne, 

famti, bersa 

brush purpose 〈x2 of burcu〉 komcu, pinsi 

bubble 〈x1 of dirgo〉 daplu, bidju 

bucket contents 〈x2 of baktu〉 botpi, patxu, tansi, lante, 

lanka 

bucket material 〈x3 of baktu〉 botpi, patxu, tansi, lante, 

lanka 

buckwheat species 〈x2 of xruba〉 spati 

Buddhist aspect 〈x2 of budjo〉 latna, lijda 

building purpose 〈x2 of dinju〉 ginka, zdani, zarci 

building with balcony 〈x2 of balni〉 kajna 

bundle wrapping 〈x3 of bakfu〉 daski, dakli, tanxe 

bundled 〈x2 of bakfu〉 daski, dakli, tanxe 

buoy 〈x2 of fulta〉 limna, bloti, sakli 

burning 〈x2 of fagri〉 jelca, sacki 

burning atmosphere 〈x3 of jelca〉 fagri, kijno, sigja, 

livla, sacki 

butter source 〈x2 of matne〉 grasu, kruji 

butterfly species 〈x2 of toldi〉 cinki 

button material 〈x4 of batke〉 jadni, balji, punji, jgari, 

lasna 

button purpose 〈x3 of batke〉 jadni, balji, punji, jgari, 

lasna 

buyer 〈x3 of jdima〉 canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, pleji, 

dapma, vamji for ’value’, ve vecnu for ’cost’, canja, 

fepni, jerna, jinga, pleji, prali, rupnu, sfasa, vamji 

cabbage 〈x1 of kobli〉 stagi 

cabbage species 〈x2 of kobli〉 stagi 

cabin 〈x1 of sabnu〉 bloti, marce, vinji, karce 

calendar 〈x4 of detri〉 cmavo list de’i, djedi, jeftu, masti, 

nanca, tcika 

121

calls ceramic form 

calls 〈x3 of cmene〉 cmavo list me’e, gismu, tcita, valsi, 

judri 

camel 〈x1 of kumte〉 sunla, kanla, xirma, xasli 

camel species 〈x2 of kumte〉 sunla, kanla, xirma, xasli 

camera 〈x1 of kacma〉 lenjo 

camp 〈x1 of ginka〉 dinju, xabju, zdani 

camp location 〈x3 of ginka〉 dinju, xabju, zdani 

camper 〈x2 of ginka〉 dinju, xabju, zdani 

campsite 〈x3 of ginka〉 dinju, xabju, zdani 

can 〈x1 of lante〉 botpi, baktu, tinci 

can contents 〈x2 of lante〉 botpi, baktu, tinci 

can material 〈x3 of lante〉 botpi, baktu, tinci 

can’t see 〈x2 of canci〉 cliva, ganse, zgana, lebna, vimcu 

Canadian 〈x1 of kadno〉 bemro, glico 

Canadian aspect 〈x2 of kadno〉 bemro, glico 

canal 〈x1 of naxle〉 pluta, rirxe, klaji, dargu 

canal destination 〈x2 of naxle〉 pluta, rirxe, klaji, dargu 

canal origin 〈x3 of naxle〉 pluta, rirxe, klaji, dargu 

canal route 〈x4 of naxle〉 pluta, rirxe, klaji, dargu 

cancer 〈x1 of kenra〉 bilma, mikce, spita 

cancerous 〈x2 of kenra〉 bilma, mikce, spita 

candela 〈x1 of delno〉 centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, 

gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, 

terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro 

candela standard 〈x3 of delno〉 centi, decti, dekto, femti, 



canned 〈x2 of lante〉 botpi, baktu, tinci 

cap 〈x1 of mapku〉 taxfu, stedu, drudi 

cap material 〈x2 of mapku〉 taxfu, stedu, drudi 

capital 〈x2 of zivle〉 prali, canja, jbera, dejni, ponse 

captain 〈x1 of jatna〉 jitro, lidne, te bende, minde, ralju, 

gidva, bloti 

captained 〈x2 of jatna〉 jitro, lidne, te bende, minde, 

ralju, gidva, bloti 

captor 〈x2 of pinfu〉 zifre, kavbu, rinju, ralte, fanta, cilce 

capture 〈x1 of kavbu〉 jersi, kalte, pinfu, sisku, se rinju 

captured 〈x2 of kavbu〉 jersi, kalte, pinfu, sisku, se rinju 

car 〈x1 of karce〉 carce, xislu, marce, sabnu 

carbon 〈x1 of tabno〉 kolme 

card 〈x1 of karda〉 matci, tapla, plita 

card material 〈x2 of karda〉 matci, tapla, plita 

cargo 〈x2 of marce〉 klama, matra, bevri, bloti, carce, 

karce, sabnu, skiji 

carried 〈x2 of bevri〉 marce, muvdu, benji, klama 

carried in rocket 〈x3 of jakne〉 cecla, danti, spoja 

122 

carried on cart 〈x2 of carce〉 karce, xislu, marce, matra 

carrier 〈x5 of benji〉 muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, xruti, 

cradi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be’i, bevri, mrilu, tcana 

carry 〈x1 of bevri〉 marce, muvdu, benji, klama 

carrying path 〈x5 of bevri〉 marce, muvdu, benji, klama 

cart 〈x1 of carce〉 karce, xislu, marce, matra 

carted 〈x2 of carce〉 karce, xislu, marce, matra 

cassava 〈x1 of samcu〉 patlu, genja, jalna 

cassava species 〈x2 of samcu〉 patlu, genja, jalna 

cat 〈x1 of mlatu〉 cinfo, tirxu, gerku 

cat species 〈x2 of mlatu〉 cinfo, tirxu, gerku 

cataloged 〈x2 of liste〉 porsi, girzu, cmima for mental 

objects wherein order is of varying importance; some 

manifested order is intrinsic to a physical list, but the 

specific order may be incidental and not 

intentional/purposeful 

catch 〈x1 of kavbu〉 jersi, kalte, pinfu, sisku, se rinju 

caught 〈x2 of kavbu〉 jersi, kalte, pinfu, sisku, se rinju 

causation conditions 〈x3 of rinka〉 gasnu, krinu, nibli, te 

zukte, se jalge, bapli, jitro, cmavo list ri’a, mukti, ciksi, 

xruti 

cause 〈x1 of rinka〉 gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, 

bapli, jitro, cmavo list ri’a, mukti, ciksi, xruti 

cause anguish 〈x2 of dunku〉 fengu, surla 

cause of war 〈x3 of jamna〉 bradi, gunta, panpi, damba, 

darlu 

cause remorse 〈x2 of zungi〉 cmavo list .u’u, cinmo, 

xenru, zekri 

caused 〈x2 of gasnu〉 cmavo list gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, 

fasnu for non-agentive events, jibri, kakne, pilno 

causus belli 〈x3 of jamna〉 bradi, gunta, panpi, damba, 

darlu 

cavity 〈x1 of kevna〉 fenra, kunti, canlu, canko, galxe, 

tubnu 

cease 〈x1 of sisti〉 fanmo, mulno, cfari, denpa, fliba 

celebrate 〈x1 of salci〉 sinma, jbena 

celebrated 〈x2 of salci〉 sinma, jbena 

celebration 〈x3 of salci〉 sinma, jbena 

celestial body 〈x2 of kensa〉 canlu, munje, terdi, tsani 

cell 〈x1 of selci〉 kantu for properties, activities; ratni, 

gradu 

cent 〈x1 of fepni〉 sicni, jdini, jdima, vecnu, rupnu, 

dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu 

ceramic 〈x1 of staku〉 kliti 

ceramic composition 〈x3 of staku〉 kliti 

ceramic form 〈x4 of staku〉 kliti

ceremonialized clean 

ceremonialized 〈x2 of ritli〉 lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, 

tcaci, clite, junri 

certain thing 〈x1 of birti〉 jetnu, jinvi, krici, djuno, senpi, 

sruma 

certainty 〈x2 of birti〉 jetnu, jinvi, krici, djuno, senpi, 

sruma 

chain 〈x1 of linsi〉 skori 

chain material 〈x2 of linsi〉 skori 

chain property 〈x3 of linsi〉 skori 

chair 〈x1 of stizu〉 nilce, zutse, jubme, ckana 

chalk 〈x1 of bakri〉 pinsi, blabi, jilka 

chalk form 〈x3 of bakri〉 pinsi, blabi, jilka 

chalk source 〈x2 of bakri〉 pinsi, blabi, jilka 

challenge 〈x1 of talsa〉 jinga, damba, darlu, jivna, nandu 

for a challenging event/situation 

challenge property 〈x3 of talsa〉 jinga, damba, darlu, 

jivna, nandu for a challenging event/situation 

challenged 〈x2 of talsa〉 jinga, damba, darlu, jivna, 

nandu for a challenging event/situation 

changed 〈x2 of galfi〉 stika for non-resultative, binxo for 

not-necessarily agentive change, cenba for 

non-resultative change; zasni 

chaotic 〈x1 of kalsa〉 cunso, cnici 

chaotic property 〈x2 of kalsa〉 cunso, cnici 

character set 〈x2 of lerfu〉 mifra, namcu, sinxa, pandi 

characteristic 〈x2 of ckaji〉 cmavo list kai, tcaci, tcini 

characterization of era 〈x2 of cedra〉 ranji, temci, citsi 

charged 〈x2 of dikca〉 lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana 

charged for 〈x4 of pleji〉 canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, 

vecnu, jdima, prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda, jinga, dapma; 

see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, cirko, 

dirba 

chart 〈x1 of cartu〉 platu 

chart subject 〈x2 of cartu〉 platu 

charter of a committee 〈x2 of kamni〉 bende, kagni 

chase 〈x1 of jersi〉 kavbu, rivbi, kalte, lidne 

chased 〈x2 of jersi〉 kavbu, rivbi, kalte, lidne 

chattel 〈x2 of ponse〉 ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, 

tutra, turni, zivle 

cheese 〈x1 of cirla〉 ladru 

cheese source 〈x2 of cirla〉 ladru 

chemical 〈x1 of xukmi〉 curve, cidro, marna, nimre 

chemical element 〈x2 of ratni〉 kantu for a basic unit of 

a property or activity; selci for a basic physical subunit, 

generally of a mass 

chemical purity 〈x3 of xukmi〉 curve, cidro, marna, 

nimre 

chest 〈x1 of cutne〉 cnebo, betfu, xadni, tanxe 

chicken 〈x1 of jipci〉 cipni 

chicken species 〈x2 of jipci〉 cipni 

child 〈x2 of patfu〉 mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, 

famti, panzi, bersa, sovda 

child standard 〈x3 of verba〉 cifnu, makcu, citno, panzi, 

nanla, nixli, se rirni, bersa 

child’s age 〈x2 of verba〉 cifnu, makcu, citno, panzi, 

nanla, nixli, se rirni, bersa 

chime 〈x2 of janbe〉 zgike, tonga, desku, slilu 

Chinese 〈x1 of jungo〉 xazdo 

Chinese aspect 〈x2 of jungo〉 xazdo 

chlorine 〈x1 of kliru〉 xukmi 

chocolate 〈x1 of cakla〉 ckafi 

choices 〈x3 of cuxna〉 jdice, pajni, nelci 

choose 〈x1 of cuxna〉 jdice, pajni, nelci 

chosen 〈x2 of cuxna〉 jdice, pajni, nelci 

Christian 〈x1 of xriso〉 jegvo, lijda 

Christian aspect 〈x2 of xriso〉 jegvo, lijda 

chrome 〈x1 of romge〉 jinme 

chrome metal 〈x2 of romge〉 jinme 

cigar 〈x1 of sigja〉 danmo, jelca, tanko, marna 

cigar maker 〈x3 of sigja〉 danmo, jelca, tanko, marna 

cigar material 〈x2 of sigja〉 danmo, jelca, tanko, marna 

cinema 〈x1 of skina〉 tivni, vidni, pixra, finti 

cinema audience 〈x4 of skina〉 tivni, vidni, pixra, finti 

cipher 〈x3 of mifra〉 mipri, lerfu, sinxa 

cite 〈x1 of sitna〉 krasi 

cited 〈x2 of sitna〉 krasi 

cited information 〈x3 of sitna〉 krasi 

citrus 〈x1 of nimre〉 grute, slari, slami, xukmi 

citrus species 〈x2 of nimre〉 grute, slari, slami, xukmi 

city 〈x1 of tcadu〉 jarbu, nurma, cecmu, jarbu 

city extent 〈x2 of tcadu〉 jarbu, nurma, cecmu, jarbu 

city hinterland 〈x4 of tcadu〉 jarbu, nurma, cecmu, jarbu 

city of suburb 〈x2 of jarbu〉 nurma, se tcadu, ve tcadu 

class 〈x1 of klesi〉 cmavo list le’a, cmima, jutsi, ciste, 

girzu, lanzu, vrici 

claw 〈x1 of jgalu〉 denci, jirna, batci 

clawed 〈x2 of jgalu〉 denci, jirna, batci 

clay 〈x1 of kliti〉 dertu, pesxu, staku 

clay composition 〈x2 of kliti〉 dertu, pesxu, staku 

clean 〈x1 of jinsa〉 lumci, jinru, curve, sepli 

123

cleaning material commodity of trade 

cleaning material 〈x4 of lumci〉 djacu, jinru, litki, 

zbabu, jinsa, curve 

cleanness standard 〈x3 of jinsa〉 lumci, jinru, curve, 

sepli 

cleanser 〈x4 of lumci〉 djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, 

curve 

clear 〈x1 of klina〉 kandi, zunti - nalzu’i is better for 

’unhindered’ 

climb 〈x1 of cpare〉 klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe 

climbing tool 〈x4 of cpare〉 klama, litru, bajra, farlu, 

plipe 

clock 〈x1 of junla〉 cacra, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci 

clock mechanism 〈x4 of junla〉 cacra, mentu, snidu, 

tcika, temci 

closed 〈x1 of ganlo〉 kalri, pagre, canko, vorme, zunti 

closed off 〈x2 of ganlo〉 kalri, pagre, canko, vorme, zunti 

cloth 〈x1 of bukpu〉 mapni, matli, sunla, slasi, silka 

cloth material 〈x2 of bukpu〉 mapni, matli, sunla, slasi, 

silka 

cloud 〈x1 of dilnu〉 carvi, tcima 

cloud base elevation 〈x4 of dilnu〉 carvi, tcima 

cloud material 〈x2 of dilnu〉 carvi, tcima 

cloudy 〈x3 of dilnu〉 carvi, tcima 

clumsiness standard 〈x2 of juxre〉 sluji, muvdu 

clumsy 〈x1 of juxre〉 sluji, muvdu 

coal 〈x1 of kolme〉 tabno, tarla 

coal source 〈x2 of kolme〉 tabno, tarla 

coast with bay 〈x2 of zbani〉 lalxu, xamsi 

coat 〈x1 of kosta〉 pastu, sunla, taxfu 

coat material 〈x2 of kosta〉 pastu, sunla, taxfu 

cockroach 〈x1 of jalra〉 cinki, civla, manti 

cockroach species 〈x2 of jalra〉 cinki, civla, manti 

code 〈x1 of mifra〉 mipri, lerfu, sinxa 

code of conduct 〈x3 of bilga〉 zifre, fuzme 

code system 〈x3 of mifra〉 mipri, lerfu, sinxa 

coffee 〈x1 of ckafi〉 tcati, brewed from a leaf, barja, 

cakla 

coffee bean 〈x2 of ckafi〉 tcati, brewed from a leaf, 

barja, cakla 

coin 〈x1 of sicni〉 fepni, jdini, rupnu 

coin value 〈x3 of sicni〉 fepni, jdini, rupnu 

cold 〈x1 of lenku〉 glare, bisli 

coldness standard 〈x2 of lenku〉 glare, bisli 

collar 〈x1 of karli〉 sruri, djine 

collar material 〈x3 of karli〉 sruri, djine 

collared 〈x2 of karli〉 sruri, djine 

124 

collide 〈x1 of janli〉 darxi 

collided with 〈x2 of janli〉 darxi 

color conditions 〈x4 of skari〉 blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, 

crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu, carmi, 

kandi, xekri, blabi 

color of 〈x2 of skari〉 blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, crino, 

grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu, carmi, kandi, 

xekri, blabi 

colored 〈x1 of skari〉 blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, crino, 

grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu, carmi, kandi, 

xekri, blabi 

column 〈x1 of kamju〉 ckana, garna, sanli, slanu 

column material 〈x2 of kamju〉 ckana, garna, sanli, 

slanu 

comb 〈x1 of komcu〉 julne, forca, burcu 

comb material 〈x2 of komcu〉 julne, forca, burcu 

comb tooth 〈x3 of komcu〉 julne, forca, burcu 

combustion temperature 〈x2 of jelca〉 fagri, kijno, 

sigja, livla, sacki 

come 〈x1 of klama〉 cadzu, bajra, marce, vofli, litru, 

muvdu, cpare, cmavo list ka’a, pluta, bevri, farlu, limna, 

vitke 

comfort 〈x2 of kufra〉 cinmo 

comfortable 〈x1 of kufra〉 cinmo 

command 〈x1 of minde〉 lacri, te bende, jatna, ralju, 

jitro, turni, tinbe 

commanded 〈x2 of minde〉 lacri, te bende, jatna, ralju, 

jitro, turni, tinbe 

commander obeyed 〈x3 of tinbe〉 minde, lacri, javni, 

flalu, zekri 

commended 〈x2 of zabna〉 funca, mabla, xamgu, vrude 

comment 〈x3 of pinka〉 jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, bacru, 

ciska 

comment subject 〈x2 of pinka〉 jinvi, cusku, zgana, 

lanli, bacru, ciska 

commentary 〈x1 of pinka〉 jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, 

bacru, ciska 

commented on 〈x2 of pinka〉 jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, 

bacru, ciska 

commented to 〈x4 of pinka〉 jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, 

bacru, ciska 

committee 〈x1 of kamni〉 bende, kagni 

committee purpose 〈x2 of kamni〉 bende, kagni 

commodity of trade 〈x2 of canja〉 dunda, friti, vecnu, 

zarci, jdini, pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu; see note at jdima

common confusing 

on cost/price/value distinction, banxa, cirko, dunda, 

janta, kargu, prali, sfasa, zivle 

common 〈x1 of kampu〉 cafne, rirci, fadni, cnano, tcaci, 

lakne, cmima, simxu 

community 〈x1 of cecmu〉 bende, kulnu, natmi, tcadu, 

jecta, girzu 

community with law 〈x3 of flalu〉 javni, ritli, zekri, 

pulji, tinbe 

community with rite 〈x3 of ritli〉 lijda, malsi, flalu, 

javni, tcaci, clite, junri 

company 〈x1 of kagni〉 kansa, kamni, banxa, bende 

company purpose 〈x3 of kagni〉 kansa, kamni, banxa, 

bende 

compare 〈x1 of karbi〉 klani, mapti, sarxe, zmadu, 

mleca, dunli 

compared 〈x2 of karbi〉 klani, mapti, sarxe, zmadu, 

mleca, dunli 

compared with 〈x3 of karbi〉 klani, mapti, sarxe, zmadu, 

mleca, dunli 

comparison 〈x5 of karbi〉 klani, mapti, sarxe, zmadu, 

mleca, dunli 

compelled thing 〈x2 of bapli〉 fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, 

rinka, krinu, zukte, randa, danre, cmavo list bai, marxa, 

tinsa, xarnu 

compeller 〈x1 of bapli〉 fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, rinka, 

krinu, zukte, randa, danre, cmavo list bai, marxa, tinsa, 

xarnu 

compete 〈x1 of jivna〉 cnemu, jinga, talsa, bradi, fapro, 

kelci 

competition 〈x3 of jivna〉 cnemu, jinga, talsa, bradi, 

fapro, kelci 

competition goal 〈x4 of jivna〉 cnemu, jinga, talsa, 

bradi, fapro, kelci 

competition won 〈x4 of jinga〉 cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, 

prali, pleji, sfasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, kelci 

competitor 〈x3 of jinga〉 cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, 

prali, pleji, sfasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, kelci 

complain 〈x1 of pante〉 xarnu 

complaint 〈x4 of pante〉 xarnu 

complement 〈x1 of sarxe〉 satci, panpi, mapti, tugni, 

ckini 

complemented 〈x2 of mapti〉 satci, tugni, sarxe, drani, 

tarmi, ckini, mintu 

complete 〈x1 of mulno〉 fanmo, culno, pagbu, xadba, 

prane, jalge, sumji, munje, sisti, xadni 

completion property 〈x2 of mulno〉 fanmo, culno, 

pagbu, xadba, prane, jalge, sumji, munje, sisti, xadni 

completion standard 〈x3 of mulno〉 fanmo, culno, 

pagbu, xadba, prane, jalge, sumji, munje, sisti, xadni 

complexity property 〈x2 of pluja〉 cfipu, banli, sampu, 

jgena 

complexity standard 〈x3 of pluja〉 cfipu, banli, sampu, 

jgena 

complicated 〈x1 of pluja〉 cfipu, banli, sampu, jgena 

component of mass 〈x2 of gunma〉 bende, girzu, pagbu, 

cmavo list loi, lei, lai, ciste, cmima, kansa, tinci 

composition 〈x2 of marji〉 morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, 

dacti 

compound predicate 〈x1 of lujvo〉 stura, cmavo, gismu, 

rafsi, smuni 

computer 〈x1 of skami〉 kanji, minji, pensi 

computer purpose 〈x2 of skami〉 kanji, minji, pensi 

concerned 〈x2 of nabmi〉 preti, danfu, ciksi, jijnu, jinvi, 

nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda 

conclusion 〈x2 of logji〉 nibli 

condensate 〈x1 of lunsa〉 cilmo, dunja, febvi, runme, 

bumru 

condensation point 〈x3 of lunsa〉 cilmo, dunja, febvi, 

runme, bumru 

condensation pressure 〈x4 of lunsa〉 cilmo, dunja, febvi, 

runme, bumru 

condensation site 〈x2 of lunsa〉 cilmo, dunja, febvi, 

runme, bumru 

condense 〈x1 of lunsa〉 cilmo, dunja, febvi, runme, 

bumru 

conditional 〈x3 of nitcu〉 banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, 

xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji 

conditions for law 〈x4 of flalu〉 javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, 

tinbe 

conditions of becoming 〈x3 of binxo〉 cenba for 

non-resultative, galfi for agentive, stika for 

non-resultative, non-agentive change; zasni 

cone 〈x1 of konju〉 jesni, djine, sovda, kojna, jganu 

cone material 〈x2 of konju〉 jesni, djine, sovda, kojna, 

jganu 

cone of conifer 〈x3 of ckunu〉 tricu 

cone vertex 〈x3 of konju〉 jesni, djine, sovda, kojna, 

jganu 

confidant 〈x2 of sivni〉 gubni, mipri 

confused 〈x2 of cfipu〉 pluja, cfipu, zunti 

confusing 〈x1 of cfipu〉 pluja, cfipu, zunti 

125

confusing property costliness standard 

confusing property 〈x3 of cfipu〉 pluja, cfipu, zunti 

congregation 〈x2 of lijda〉 budjo, censa, cevni, crida, 

dadjo, jegvo, krici, latna, malsi, marde, muslo, pruxi, 

ranmi, ritli, xriso, zekri 

conifer 〈x1 of ckunu〉 tricu 

conifer species 〈x2 of ckunu〉 tricu 

conjunction 〈x1 of kanxe〉 vlina 

conscious 〈x1 of sanji〉 menli, morji, ganse, sipna, cikna 

consequence 〈x2 of krinu〉 ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se 

jalge, te zukte, cmavo list ki’u, bapli 

considered 〈x2 of pensi〉 cmavo list pe’i, jijnu, menli, 

morji, sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, saske, 

skami 

constancy conditions 〈x3 of stodi〉 cenba, stika, stali, 

vitno, manfo, zasni, tinsa, jdari 

constant [adj] 〈x1 of stodi〉 cenba, stika, stali, vitno, 

manfo, zasni, tinsa, jdari 

constant property 〈x2 of stodi〉 cenba, stika, stali, vitno, 

manfo, zasni, tinsa, jdari 

consumed 〈x2 of xaksu〉 citka, festi, daspo, livla, pinxe 

contain 〈x2 of nenri〉 se vasru (for containment that 

need not be total 

contain class 〈x2 of klesi〉 cmavo list le’a, cmima, jutsi, 

ciste, girzu, lanzu, vrici 

contain island 〈x3 of daplu〉 lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, dirgo 

contained 〈x2 of vasru〉 bartu, jbini, nenri, zvati, cpana, 

botpi, lanka 

container for stores 〈x3 of sorcu〉 panka; vreji for 

information storage; sabji for a store or reserve that is 

not necessarily tied to a site, banxa, panka 

contention 〈x3 of bradi〉 damba, jamna, darlu, pendo, 

fapro, gunta, sarji, jivna, jinga 

contents 〈x2 of vasru〉 bartu, jbini, nenri, zvati, cpana, 

botpi, lanka 

contents of a bundle 〈x2 of bakfu〉 daski, dakli, tanxe 

contents of bottle 〈x2 of botpi〉 baktu, lante, patxu, 

tansi, tanxe, vasru, gacri 

contents of sack 〈x2 of dakli〉 daski for pouch, bakfu 

contest 〈x3 of jivna〉 cnemu, jinga, talsa, bradi, fapro, 

kelci 

contingent 〈x2 of sarcu〉 cmavo list sau, nitcu 

continue 〈x1 of ranji〉 temci, kuspe, renvi, cedra, citsi, 

manfo, vitci, cukla, fliba, preja, tcena 

continuity interval 〈x2 of ranji〉 temci, kuspe, renvi, 

cedra, citsi, manfo, vitci, cukla, fliba, preja, tcena 

contradicted 〈x2 of natfe〉 nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra 

126 

control 〈x1 of jitro〉 cmavo list ji’o, bapli, te bende, 

gidva - which does not necessarily control or command, 

jatna, macnu, minde, ponse, ralju, rinka, sazri, turni, 

vlipa, xance, xlura 

control apparatus 〈x3 of cabra〉 tutci, minji, finti; girzu, 

ganzu for organizational apparatus, pilno 

controled by muscle 〈x2 of sluji〉 rectu, xadni, zajba 

controlled 〈x2 of jitro〉 cmavo list ji’o, bapli, te bende, 




controlled activity 〈x3 of jitro〉 cmavo list ji’o, bapli, te 

bende, gidva - which does not necessarily control or 

command, jatna, macnu, minde, ponse, ralju, rinka, 

sazri, turni, vlipa, xance, xlura 

controls territory 〈x2 of tutra〉 catni, turni, jecta, gugde, 

ponse, steci, tumla 

cook 〈x1 of jukpa〉 cupra, bredi 

cooked 〈x2 of jukpa〉 cupra, bredi 

cooked in oven 〈x2 of toknu〉 nanba 

cooking method 〈x3 of jukpa〉 cupra, bredi 

coparent 〈x3 of rorci〉 grute, gutra, rirni, se panzi, 

mamta, patfu, tarbi, bersa, ferti, jbena, sovda 

copied 〈x2 of fukpi〉 krefu, rapli, gidva 

copper 〈x1 of tunka〉 jinme, lastu, ransu 

copulate 〈x1 of gletu〉 cinse, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, 

mabla, speni 

copulated with 〈x2 of gletu〉 cinse, pinji, plibu, vibna, 

vlagi, mabla, speni 

copy 〈x1 of fukpi〉 krefu, rapli, gidva 

copy medium 〈x3 of fukpi〉 krefu, rapli, gidva 

copying method 〈x4 of fukpi〉 krefu, rapli, gidva 

cord 〈x1 of skori〉 cilta, jgena, marna, bikla, linsi 

cord material 〈x2 of skori〉 cilta, jgena, marna, bikla, 

linsi 

cork 〈x1 of korka〉 tricu, calku, skapi, stagi 

cork source 〈x2 of korka〉 tricu, calku, skapi, stagi 

corner 〈x2 of kurfa〉 bliku, kubli, tapla, salpo, tarmi 

corner material 〈x3 of kojna〉 jipno, konju, bliku, 

fanmo, jganu, krasi 

correct 〈x1 of drani〉 srera, mapti 

correctness 〈x2 of drani〉 srera, mapti 

correctness situation 〈x3 of drani〉 srera, mapti 

correctness standard 〈x4 of drani〉 srera, mapti 

costliness standard 〈x3 of kargu〉 vamji, dirba, vajni, 

jdima, pleji, canja, jerna, jinga, jemna, sfasa, vecnu

costly cushioned 

costly 〈x1 of kargu〉 vamji, dirba, vajni, jdima, pleji, 

canja, jerna, jinga, jemna, sfasa, vecnu 

cotton 〈x1 of mapni〉 bukpu 

cough 〈x1 of kafke〉 bilma, senci, sputu, vamtu 

coughed up 〈x2 of kafke〉 bilma, senci, sputu, vamtu 

count 〈x3 of kancu〉 kanji, satci, merli 

counter 〈x1 of kancu〉 kanji, satci, merli 

counting units 〈x4 of kancu〉 kanji, satci, merli 

country 〈x1 of gugde〉 turni, natmi, jecta, tumla, tutra, 

lanci 

countrymen 〈x2 of gugde〉 turni, natmi, jecta, tumla, 

tutra, lanci 

cousin 〈x2 of tamne〉 dzena, famti, mensi, bruna, tunba 

cousin bond 〈x3 of tamne〉 dzena, famti, mensi, bruna, 

tunba 

cover 〈x1 of gacri〉 pilka, gapru, marbi, drudi, ve botpi, 

bitmu, calku 

covered 〈x2 of gacri〉 pilka, gapru, marbi, drudi, ve 

botpi, bitmu, calku 

covered condition 〈x3 of binra〉 bandu, cirko, betri, 

basti, bilma 

crack 〈x1 of fenra〉 kevna, cfila, jinto 

cracked 〈x2 of fenra〉 kevna, cfila, jinto 

craft 〈x2 of larcu〉 finti, zbasu, stati 

crap 〈x1 of kanji〉 kancu, jdice, skami 

crated 〈x2 of tanxe〉 bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru 

craziness standard 〈x2 of fenki〉 bebna, racli, xajmi 

crazy 〈x1 of fenki〉 bebna, racli, xajmi 

cream 〈x1 of kruji〉 ladru, matne 

cream composition 〈x2 of kruji〉 ladru, matne 

crease [n] 〈x3 of polje〉 korcu, cinje, boxfo, boxna 

creased 〈x2 of polje〉 korcu, cinje, boxfo, boxna 

created 〈x2 of zbasu〉 cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, gundi 

creation 〈x2 of zbasu〉 cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, gundi 

creditor 〈x3 of dejni〉 jbera, janta, zivle 

creed 〈x3 of lijda〉 budjo, censa, cevni, crida, dadjo, 

jegvo, krici, latna, malsi, marde, muslo, pruxi, ranmi, 

ritli, xriso, zekri 

crew 〈x1 of bende〉 gunma, girzu, dansu, jatna, jitro, 

kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva 

crew members 〈x2 of bende〉 gunma, girzu, dansu, 

jatna, jitro, kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva 

crew purpose 〈x4 of bende〉 gunma, girzu, dansu, jatna, 

jitro, kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva 

cried out 〈x2 of krixa〉 klaku, bacru 

crime 〈x1 of zekri〉 flalu, sfasa, zungi, palci, lijda, pajni, 

javni, tcaci, marde, pulji, tinbe 

crop 〈x3 of purdi〉 foldi, cange, panka 

crossed 〈x2 of kruca〉 cripu, ragve 

cruel 〈x1 of kusru〉 xendo, jursa 

crushed 〈x2 of zalvi〉 daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce, 

canre, molki 

crust 〈x1 of pilka〉 grute, calku, skapi (pilka as a general 

term includes skapi 

cry 〈x2 of krixa〉 klaku, bacru 

cry out 〈x1 of krixa〉 klaku, bacru 

crystal 〈x1 of krili〉 jemna, bisli 

crystal composition 〈x2 of krili〉 jemna, bisli 

crystal structure 〈x3 of krili〉 jemna, bisli 

cubit 〈x1 of gutci〉 mitre, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, 

rupnu, fepni, dekpu, minli, merli, bunda, kramu 

cubit standard 〈x3 of gutci〉 mitre, clani, ganra, condi, 

rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, minli, merli, bunda, kramu 

culture 〈x1 of kulnu〉 cmavo list ka’u, cmavo list ku’u, 

natmi, cecmu 

culture with lotus 〈x4 of latna〉 budjo, censa, lijda, spati 

culture with myth 〈x4 of ranmi〉 lijda, lisri, crida 

culture with nobles 〈x2 of nobli〉 banli 

cup 〈x1 of kabri〉 palta, citka, blaci, tansi 

cup contents 〈x2 of kabri〉 palta, citka, blaci, tansi 

cup material 〈x3 of kabri〉 palta, citka, blaci, tansi 

cure 〈x4 of mikce〉 bilma, kanro, spita 

curious 〈x1 of kucli〉 manci, sisku, se cinri 

current in amperes 〈x2 of xampo〉 dikca, flecu, centi, 



zepti, zetro 

curriculum 〈x3 of ckule〉 cilre, ctuca, tadni 

curse 〈x1 of dapma〉 mabla, dimna, cnemu, sfasa, dunda, 

cusku, cirko, jdima 

cursed 〈x2 of dimna〉 dapma 

curtain 〈x1 of murta〉 canko, vorme 

curtain material 〈x3 of murta〉 canko, vorme 

curtained aperture 〈x2 of murta〉 canko, vorme 

curve 〈x1 of kruvi〉 korcu, bargu, genxu, linji, sirji 

curve locus 〈x3 of kruvi〉 korcu, bargu, genxu, linji, sirji 

curved 〈x2 of kruvi〉 korcu, bargu, genxu, linji, sirji 

cushion 〈x1 of kicne〉 ckana, matci 

cushion material 〈x3 of kicne〉 ckana, matci 

cushioned 〈x2 of kicne〉 ckana, matci 

127

custom density locus 

custom 〈x1 of tcaci〉 fadni, kampu, lakne, jinzi, ckaji, 

cnano, tarti, ritli, javni, zekri 

custom conditions 〈x3 of tcaci〉 fadni, kampu, lakne, 

jinzi, ckaji, cnano, tarti, ritli, javni, zekri 

customer 〈x3 of sabji〉 krasi, sorcu 

cut 〈x1 of katna〉 kakpa, sraku for cutting into without 



cut by knife 〈x2 of dakfu〉 denci, balre, katna, tunta, 

forca, smuci, kinli 

cut by shears 〈x2 of jinci〉 katna 

cutter 〈x1 of katna〉 kakpa, sraku for cutting into without 



cyan 〈x1 of cicna〉 skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, 

crino, blanu 

cylinder 〈x1 of slanu〉 kamju, gunro 

cylinder material 〈x2 of slanu〉 kamju, gunro 

damage 〈x4 of xrani〉 cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi 

damaged 〈x2 of xrani〉 cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi 

damnation 〈x3 of dapma〉 mabla, dimna, cnemu, sfasa, 

dunda, cusku, cirko, jdima 

dance 〈x1 of dansu〉 bende, zgike, zajba 

danger warned of 〈x3 of kajde〉 ckape, nupre, snura, 

tcica, xlura 

dare 〈x1 of darsi〉 virnu 

dared 〈x2 of darsi〉 virnu 

dark 〈x1 of manku〉 blabi, gusni, ctino; use kandi or 

xekri with colors, ctino 

data 〈x1 of datni〉 fatci, saske, vreji 

data collection 〈x3 of datni〉 fatci, saske, vreji 

data subject 〈x2 of datni〉 fatci, saske, vreji 

date 〈x1 of detri〉 cmavo list de’i, djedi, jeftu, masti, 

nanca, tcika 

date location 〈x3 of detri〉 cmavo list de’i, djedi, jeftu, 

masti, nanca, tcika 

dated 〈x2 of detri〉 cmavo list de’i, djedi, jeftu, masti, 

nanca, tcika 

daughter 〈x2 of patfu〉 mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, 


daughter’s parent 〈x2 of tixnu〉 bersa, panzi 

day of evening 〈x2 of vanci〉 cerni, murse, tcika 

day of morning 〈x2 of cerni〉 vanci, murse, tcika 

day of time 〈x3 of tcika〉 cmavo list ti’u, cacra, cerni, 

detri, donri, djedi, junla, nicte, mentu, snidu, temci, 

vanci, dirba, mokca 

128 

day with daytime 〈x2 of donri〉 nicte, djedi, tcika 

day with night 〈x2 of nicte〉 donri, djedi, tcika 

day with twilight 〈x2 of murse〉 cerni, kandi, vanci 

daytime 〈x1 of donri〉 nicte, djedi, tcika 

daytime location 〈x3 of donri〉 nicte, djedi, tcika 

dead 〈x1 of morsi〉 jmive, catra, betri 

dear 〈x1 of dirba〉 tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, jadni, 

jemna 

debt 〈x2 of dejni〉 jbera, janta, zivle 

debtor 〈x1 of dejni〉 jbera, janta, zivle 

deceive 〈x1 of tcica〉 stace, xlura, stidi, kajde 

deceived 〈x2 of tcica〉 stace, xlura, stidi, kajde 

deception subject 〈x3 of tcica〉 stace, xlura, stidi, kajde 

decide 〈x1 of jdice〉 pajni, cuxna, kanji, manri 

decimal 〈x1 of saclu〉 namcu, frinu 

decimal base 〈x3 of saclu〉 namcu, frinu 

decimal fraction 〈x2 of saclu〉 namcu, frinu 

decision 〈x2 of jdice〉 pajni, cuxna, kanji, manri 

decrease 〈x1 of jdika〉 zenba, mleca, vimcu 

decrease amount 〈x3 of jdika〉 zenba, mleca, vimcu 

deduction 〈x2 of vimcu〉 lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, 

cliva, jdika 

deep 〈x1 of condi〉 clani, caxno, bargu, ganra, rotsu, 

barda, gutci, minli 

deer 〈x1 of mirli〉 mabru, danlu 

deer species 〈x2 of mirli〉 mabru, danlu 

defecate 〈x2 of kalci〉 ganxo, pinca, vikmi, mabla, festi 

defective 〈x2 of cfila〉 cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane 

defended 〈x2 of bandu〉 ckape, fanta, fapro, marbi, rivbi, 

zunti, snura, binra, lunbe, pulji 

defender 〈x1 of bandu〉 ckape, fanta, fapro, marbi, rivbi, 

zunti, snura, binra, lunbe, pulji 

deficiency 〈x2 of pindi〉 ricfu, claxu, nitcu, pikci 

define class 〈x3 of klesi〉 cmavo list le’a, cmima, jutsi, 

ciste, girzu, lanzu, vrici 

define curve 〈x4 of kruvi〉 korcu, bargu, genxu, linji, sirji 

define season 〈x2 of citsi〉 cedra, crisa, critu, dunra, 

ranji, temci, vensa, jbena 

delicacy property 〈x2 of ralci〉 jdari, ranti, tsali, milxe, 

kukte 

delicate 〈x1 of ralci〉 jdari, ranti, tsali, milxe, kukte 

delicious 〈x1 of kukte〉 gusta, ralci, vrusi, cpina 

denied 〈x2 of natfe〉 nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra 

denominator 〈x3 of frinu〉 parbi, dilcu, mekso, fendi 

dense 〈x1 of denmi〉 carmi, midju, viknu 

density locus 〈x3 of denmi〉 carmi, midju, viknu

density property direction climbed 

density property 〈x2 of denmi〉 carmi, midju, viknu 

dents 〈x2 of ranti〉 ralci, jdari, lakse, randa, gradu 

deny 〈x1 of natfe〉 nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra 

depend 〈x2 of sarcu〉 cmavo list sau, nitcu 

depicted 〈x2 of pixra〉 ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barna, 

skina 

depressing 〈x2 of badri〉 klaku, gleki, betri, cinmo, junri 

depth direction 〈x2 of condi〉 clani, caxno, bargu, 

ganra, rotsu, barda, gutci, minli 

depth reference point 〈x3 of condi〉 clani, caxno, bargu, 


depth standard 〈x4 of condi〉 clani, caxno, bargu, 


deputy 〈x1 of vipsi〉 krati, sidju 

derogate 〈x3 of mabla〉 palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, 

funca, ganti, ganxo, gletu, gutra, kalci, pinca, pinji, 

plibu, vibna, vlagi, zargu 

derogated 〈x2 of mabla〉 palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, 



derogative 〈x1 of mabla〉 palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, 



derogator 〈x3 of mabla〉 palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, 



descendent 〈x2 of dzena〉 patfu, rirni, tamne 

describe 〈x1 of skicu〉 lisri, tavla 

described 〈x2 of skicu〉 lisri, tavla 

described to 〈x3 of skicu〉 lisri, tavla 

description 〈x4 of skicu〉 lisri, tavla 

desire 〈x1 of djica〉 taske, xagji, mukti, nitcu, nelci, 

pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura 

destination 〈x2 of pluta〉 litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, klaji, 

ve klama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, pagre 

destination for cargo 〈x3 of bevri〉 marce, muvdu, benji, 

klama 

destination of a leap 〈x2 of plipe〉 bajra, stapa, cpare, 

lafti 

destined 〈x2 of dimna〉 dapma 

destroy 〈x1 of daspo〉 spofu, xrani, marxa, zalvi, xaksu 

destroyed 〈x2 of daspo〉 spofu, xrani, marxa, zalvi, xaksu 

detail 〈x1 of tcila〉 diklo, steci 

detailed 〈x2 of tcila〉 diklo, steci 

detected 〈x2 of zgana〉 cmavo list ga’a, ganse, viska, 

catlu, tirna, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, jarco, 

lanli, pinka, simlu 

devastated by 〈x2 of betri〉 badri, xlali, morsi, binra 

develop 〈x1 of farvi〉 pruce, banro, makcu, ciste, cupra, 

ferti 

developed 〈x2 of farvi〉 pruce, banro, makcu, ciste, 

cupra, ferti 

developed from 〈x3 of farvi〉 pruce, banro, makcu, ciste, 

cupra, ferti 

development stages 〈x4 of farvi〉 pruce, banro, makcu, 

ciste, cupra, ferti 

diagnosis 〈x3 of mikce〉 bilma, kanro, spita 

differ 〈x1 of frica〉 ranxi, drata, dunli, simsa, vrici 

differed from 〈x2 of frica〉 ranxi, drata, dunli, simsa, 

vrici 

difference 〈x4 of zmadu〉 cmavo list mau, mleca, zenba, 

jmina, bancu, dukse, traji 

difference property 〈x3 of frica〉 ranxi, drata, dunli, 

simsa, vrici 

difficult 〈x1 of nandu〉 frili, nabmi, jdari, talsa, tinsa 

difficulty condition 〈x3 of nandu〉 frili, nabmi, jdari, 

talsa, tinsa 

dig 〈x1 of kakpa〉 katna, plixa, sraku, canpa, sraku 

digging tool 〈x4 of kakpa〉 katna, plixa, sraku, canpa, 

sraku 

dim 〈x1 of kandi〉 blabi, carmi, klina, linto, manku, 

murse, ruble, skari, milxe, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, 

grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu 

dimension 〈x3 of gradu〉 ckilu, kantu, kelvo, merli, ranti, 

selci 

dimensional model 〈x3 of cimde〉 morna, ckilu, merli, 

manri 

dimness property 〈x2 of kandi〉 blabi, carmi, klina, 

linto, manku, murse, ruble, skari, milxe, blanu, bunre, 

cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, 

zirpu 

diner 〈x3 of gusta〉 barja, citka, kukte, sanmi, xotli 

diplomat 〈x1 of jansu〉 jecta, krati 

diplomat function 〈x4 of jansu〉 jecta, krati 

diplomat posting 〈x3 of jansu〉 jecta, krati 

direction 〈x1 of farna〉 zunle, pritu, galtu, gapru, cnita, 

dizlo, berti, snanu, stuna, stici, purci, balvi, lidne 

direction climbed 〈x3 of cpare〉 klama, litru, bajra, 

farlu, plipe 

129

direction from doubt 

direction from 〈x3 of farna〉 zunle, pritu, galtu, gapru, 

cnita, dizlo, berti, snanu, stuna, stici, purci, balvi, lidne 

direction surrounded 〈x3 of sruri〉 karli, senta, snuji, 

vanbi, se nenri, se jbini, bartu, djine 

direction to 〈x2 of farna〉 zunle, pritu, galtu, gapru, 

cnita, dizlo, berti, snanu, stuna, stici, purci, balvi, lidne 

dirt 〈x3 of lumci〉 djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, curve 

dirt composition 〈x3 of dertu〉 kliti, terdi, loldi 

dirt source 〈x2 of dertu〉 kliti, terdi, loldi 

discontinuity 〈x2 of suksa〉 spaji, vitci, vlile 

discover 〈x1 of facki〉 cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku 

discovered 〈x2 of facki〉 cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku 

discovery 〈x2 of facki〉 cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku 

discussant(s) 〈x1 of casnu〉 bacru, cusku, darlu, tavla 

discussed 〈x2 of casnu〉 bacru, cusku, darlu, tavla 

discussion subject 〈x2 of casnu〉 bacru, cusku, darlu, 

tavla 

disease 〈x3 of bilma〉 kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, 

binra 

disgust conditions 〈x3 of rigni〉 djica, nelci, trina, 

vamtu, xebni, pluka 

disgusted 〈x2 of rigni〉 djica, nelci, trina, vamtu, xebni, 

pluka 

disgusting 〈x1 of rigni〉 djica, nelci, trina, vamtu, xebni, 

pluka 

disjunction 〈x1 of vlina〉 kanxe, cmavo list a, ja, gi’a, 

gu’a 

disparage 〈x3 of mabla〉 palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, 



disparaged 〈x2 of mabla〉 palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, 



displayed 〈x2 of jarco〉 tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, lanli, 

mipri, simlu 

disruptive 〈x3 of dicra〉 zunti, fanza, raktu, denpa 

dissolve 〈x1 of runta〉 litki, mixre, sligu, sudga 

distance property 〈x3 of darno〉 jibni 

distorts 〈x2 of ranti〉 ralci, jdari, lakse, randa, gradu 

distressing 〈x2 of dunku〉 fengu, surla 

distributed 〈x1 of fatri〉 cmavo list fa’u, fendi, preja, 

katna, tcana 

dive 〈x1 of sfubu〉 farlu, farlu 

dived from 〈x3 of sfubu〉 farlu, farlu 

dived to 〈x2 of sfubu〉 farlu, farlu 

divide 〈x1 of fendi〉 sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna, frinu 

130 

divided 〈x2 of fendi〉 sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna, 

frinu 

dividend 〈x2 of dilcu〉 frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso 

division 〈x3 of fendi〉 sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna, 

frinu 

division method 〈x4 of fendi〉 sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, 

katna, frinu 

divisor 〈x3 of dilcu〉 frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso 

do 〈x1 of gasnu〉 cmavo list gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, 


do expertly 〈x2 of certu〉 djuno, stati, kakne 

do magic 〈x3 of makfa〉 krici, manci 

doctor 〈x1 of mikce〉 bilma, kanro, spita 

doctored 〈x2 of mikce〉 bilma, kanro, spita 

document 〈x3 of tcidu〉 ciska, cukta, karni 

does it 〈x1 of brodu〉 

dog 〈x1 of gerku〉 lorxu, labno, mlatu 

dog species 〈x2 of gerku〉 lorxu, labno, mlatu 

dollar 〈x1 of rupnu〉 jdini, sicni, jdima, vecnu, fepni, 

dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu 

domain 〈x2 of diklo〉 cmavo list di’o, jibni, zvati, cpana, 

nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila 

domain for selection 〈x3 of cuxna〉 jdice, pajni, nelci 

dominion of god 〈x3 of cevni〉 censa, krici, lijda, malsi 

done 〈x2 of gasnu〉 cmavo list gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, 


done by method 〈x2 of tadji〉 ciste, pruce, zukte, pluta, 

cmavo list tai 

done fast 〈x2 of sutra〉 masno 

done mutually 〈x2 of simxu〉 kampu, mintu 

done slowly 〈x2 of masno〉 sutra 

done with spoon 〈x2 of smuci〉 dakfu, forca, tutci 

done with talent 〈x2 of stati〉 jinzi, certu, rarna, larcu, 

kakne 

done with tool 〈x2 of tutci〉 cabra, minji, se pilno, zukte, 

sazri, basic tool types: salpo, pulni, cfine, klupe, jendu, 

xislu, vraga; utensils: forca, smuci, dakfu; specifics: 

balre, mruli, cinza, garna, pijne, pambe, canpa, pilno, 

vraga 

donkey 〈x1 of xasli〉 xirma, kumte 

donkey species 〈x2 of xasli〉 xirma, kumte 

donor 〈x1 of dunda〉 benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, 

friti, sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali 

door 〈x1 of vorme〉 canko, ganlo, kalri, murta, pagre, 

bitmu, kuspe 

doubt 〈x1 of senpi〉 jinvi, krici, djuno, birti

doubted edible plant 

doubted 〈x2 of senpi〉 jinvi, krici, djuno, birti 

drain 〈x3 of rinci〉 pambe, tisna, setca, flecu, muvdu, 

ganxo, rirxe 

drained from 〈x2 of rinci〉 pambe, tisna, setca, flecu, 

muvdu, ganxo, rirxe 

drained liquid 〈x2 of rinci〉 pambe, tisna, setca, flecu, 


draining force 〈x4 of rinci〉 pambe, tisna, setca, flecu, 


drama 〈x1 of draci〉 finti, cukta, lisri, cfika 

dramatic actor 〈x5 of draci〉 finti, cukta, lisri, cfika 

dramatist 〈x3 of draci〉 finti, cukta, lisri, cfika 

draw picture 〈x3 of pixra〉 ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, 

barna, skina 

drawer 〈x1 of dacru〉 nilce, tanxe 

drawer contents 〈x3 of dacru〉 nilce, tanxe 

drawered 〈x2 of dacru〉 nilce, tanxe 

dream 〈x1 of senva〉 sipna, xanri 

dream [n] 〈x2 of senva〉 sipna, xanri 

dream subject 〈x2 of senva〉 sipna, xanri 

dreamer 〈x1 of senva〉 sipna, xanri 

dreamt 〈x2 of senva〉 sipna, xanri 

drink 〈x1 of pinxe〉 cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, 

barja, birje 

drinking vessel 〈x3 of pinxe〉 cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, 

xaksu, barja, birje 

drop 〈x1 of dirgo〉 daplu, bidju 

drop material 〈x2 of dirgo〉 daplu, bidju 

drum 〈x1 of damri〉 rilti, zgike 

drumstick 〈x2 of damri〉 rilti, zgike 

drunk 〈x2 of pinxe〉 cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, 

barja, birje 

dry 〈x1 of sudga〉 cilmo, litki, runta 

duck 〈x1 of datka〉 cipni 

duck species 〈x2 of datka〉 cipni 

dud 〈x2 of cfila〉 cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane 

dug from 〈x3 of kakpa〉 katna, plixa, sraku, canpa, sraku 

dug out 〈x2 of kakpa〉 katna, plixa, sraku, canpa, sraku 

dupe 〈x2 of tcica〉 stace, xlura, stidi, kajde 

duration 〈x1 of temci〉 cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, tcika, 

junla, renvi 

duration in hours 〈x2 of cacra〉 junla, mentu, snidu, 

tcika, temci 

duration in minutes 〈x2 of mentu〉 junla, cacra, snidu, 

tcika 

duration in months 〈x2 of masti〉 detri, djedi, jeftu, 

nanca 

duration in seconds 〈x2 of snidu〉 cacra, junla, mentu, 

tcika, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, 



duration in weeks 〈x2 of jeftu〉 detri, djedi, masti, nanca 

duration in years 〈x2 of nanca〉 detri, djedi, jeftu, masti 

dust 〈x1 of pulce〉 te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu 

dust source 〈x2 of pulce〉 te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu 

dusty 〈x3 of pulce〉 te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu 

duty 〈x2 of bilga〉 zifre, fuzme 

dwell 〈x2 of zdani〉 dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju 

dweller 〈x2 of zdani〉 dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju 

dwelling 〈x2 of xabju〉 ginka, zdani, zvati, stuzi, jmive, 

stali, vitke 

ear 〈x1 of kerlo〉 kanla, savru, smaji, tirna, ractu 

eared 〈x2 of kerlo〉 kanla, savru, smaji, tirna, ractu 

earliness standard 〈x2 of clira〉 lerci 

early 〈x1 of clira〉 lerci 

earn 〈x1 of jerna〉 jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, 

jdima, jinga, prali, sfasa, janta, kargu, vamji 

earned 〈x2 of jerna〉 jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, 


earth 〈x1 of terdi〉 lunra, plini, solri, kensa, tsani; dertu 

for ground, dirt, except when used to express physical 

relative frame of reference [e.g. on the ground, the 

ground beneath us], tsani 

easiness conditions 〈x3 of frili〉 nandu, sampu, zifre 

east 〈x2 of stici〉 stuna, berti, snanu, farna 

easy 〈x1 of frili〉 nandu, sampu, zifre 

eat 〈x1 of citka〉 cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, batci, 

gusta, kabri 

eaten 〈x2 of citka〉 cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, 

batci, gusta, kabri 

eater 〈x1 of citka〉 cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, batci, 

gusta, kabri 

echo 〈x4 of minra〉 catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi 

echoed 〈x2 of minra〉 catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi 

edge 〈x1 of korbi〉 cmavo list koi, greku, mlana, jimte, 

ctebi, bartu 

edged 〈x2 of korbi〉 cmavo list koi, greku, mlana, jimte, 

ctebi, bartu 

edible plant 〈x3 of stagi〉 grute, kobli, narge, sluni, 

spati, sunga, tamca 

131

effect epistemology 

effect 〈x2 of rinka〉 gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, 

bapli, jitro, cmavo list ri’a, mukti, ciksi, xruti 

egg 〈x1 of sovda〉 ganti, gutra, mamta, patfu, rorci, tsiju, 

lanbi, tarbi; also djine, konju for shape, tarbi 

Egyptian 〈x1 of misro〉 friko, muslo, xrabo 

Egyptian aspect 〈x2 of misro〉 friko, muslo, xrabo 

elastic 〈x1 of pruni〉 ckabu, tcena 

elbow 〈x1 of cidni〉 korcu, jarco, jganu 

elbowed 〈x2 of cidni〉 korcu, jarco, jganu 

elder 〈x1 of dzena〉 patfu, rirni, tamne 

electric charge 〈x1 of dikca〉 lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, 

tcana 

electrified 〈x2 of dikca〉 lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana 

elephant 〈x1 of xanto〉 mabru, barda 

elephant species 〈x2 of xanto〉 mabru, barda 

embarrassed person 〈x1 of burna〉 cinmo 

embarrassing thing 〈x2 of burna〉 cinmo 

embodied 〈x2 of xadni〉 menli, pruxi, sluji, mulno, cutne 

embryo 〈x1 of tarbi〉 gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, rorci, 

tsiju, grute 

embryo father 〈x3 of tarbi〉 gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, 

rorci, tsiju, grute 

embryo mother 〈x2 of tarbi〉 gutra, mamta, patfu, 

sovda, rorci, tsiju, grute 

emit sound 〈x2 of sance〉 savru, tirna, voksa, siclu, slaka 

emotion felt 〈x2 of cinmo〉 cmavo list ci’o, cumla, jilra, 

nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, manci, 

prami, steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki 

emphasis 〈x3 of basna〉 pandi 

emphasize 〈x1 of basna〉 pandi 

emphasized 〈x2 of basna〉 pandi 

emphasizer 〈x1 of basna〉 pandi 

employed 〈x2 of jibri〉 briju, gunka, te jerna which is 

employment specifically for pay and not specifically for 

another, te pilno which is employment not necessarily for 

pay and not necessarily regular or lasting but for 

another, se gasnu and se zukte for incidental activities 

employee 〈x2 of jibri〉 briju, gunka, te jerna which is 





empty 〈x1 of kunti〉 culno, tisna, claxu, canlu, kevna, 

setca 

enclose 〈x2 of nenri〉 se vasru (for containment that need 

not be total 

132 

enclosed 〈x2 of sruri〉 karli, senta, snuji, vanbi, se nenri, 

se jbini, bartu, djine 

encoded 〈x1 of mifra〉 mipri, lerfu, sinxa 

encounter 〈x1 of penmi〉 jorne, jikca, pencu 

encountered 〈x2 of penmi〉 jorne, jikca, pencu 

end 〈x1 of fanmo〉 krasi, cfari, mulno, sisti, denpa, jipno, 

kojna, traji, krasi 

end of straight 〈x3 of sirji〉 korcu, linji, kruvi, kuspe 

end time 〈x3 of temci〉 cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, tcika, 

junla, renvi 

endangered 〈x2 of ckape〉 te bandu, te kajde, te marbi, 

se snura, se xalni 

ended 〈x2 of fanmo〉 krasi, cfari, mulno, sisti, denpa, 

jipno, kojna, traji, krasi 

endured 〈x2 of renvi〉 ranji, kuspe, randa, lifri, stali, 

temci 

enemy 〈x1 of bradi〉 damba, jamna, darlu, pendo, fapro, 

gunta, sarji, jivna, jinga 

enemy in war 〈x2 of jamna〉 bradi, gunta, panpi, damba, 

darlu 

energy 〈x1 of nejni〉 marji, tarmi, kantu, lazni, livla 

energy form 〈x3 of nejni〉 marji, tarmi, kantu, lazni, livla 

energy type 〈x2 of nejni〉 marji, tarmi, kantu, lazni, livla 

enforced by police 〈x2 of pulji〉 catni, sonci, bilni, flalu, 

bandu, jemna, zekri, krati 

engendered 〈x2 of rorci〉 grute, gutra, rirni, se panzi, 


English 〈x1 of glico〉 brito which refers to the United 

Kingdom as a whole or to the British empire, merko, 

sralo, kadno, skoto 

English aspect 〈x2 of glico〉 brito which refers to the 

United Kingdom as a whole or to the British empire, 

merko, sralo, kadno, skoto 

enlightened 〈x3 of ciksi〉 cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, 

mukti, nabmi, preti, rinka, sidbo, zukte, tavla 

entailed 〈x2 of nibli〉 natfe, rinka, mukti, krinu, cmavo 

list ni’i, jalge, logji 

enticed 〈x2 of xlura〉 djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, 

tcica, xance, stidi, kajde, maksi 

enviable 〈x2 of jilra〉 cinmo 

environment 〈x1 of vanbi〉 cmavo list va’o, sruri, jibni, 

jbini, ferti, tcini 

epistemology 〈x4 of djuno〉 know/familiar with: se 

slabu, na’e cnino, na’e fange; cmavo list du’o, cilre, 

certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, 

morji, saske, viska

equal explain 

equal 〈x1 of dunli〉 cmavo list du’i, satci, frica, simsa, 

mintu 

equality property 〈x3 of dunli〉 cmavo list du’i, satci, 

frica, simsa, mintu 

equalled 〈x2 of dunli〉 cmavo list du’i, satci, frica, 

simsa, mintu 

equation 〈x4 of fancu〉 mekso, bridi 

era 〈x1 of cedra〉 ranji, temci, citsi 

eroded 〈x3 of guska〉 balre, sraku, batci, canpa, mosra 

eroded material 〈x2 of guska〉 balre, sraku, batci, 

canpa, mosra 

erosive 〈x1 of guska〉 balre, sraku, batci, canpa, mosra 

err 〈x1 of srera〉 drani, which is non-agentive, cfila, fliba 

error conditions 〈x3 of srera〉 drani, which is 

non-agentive, cfila, fliba 

error standard 〈x4 of srera〉 drani, which is 

non-agentive, cfila, fliba 

estate 〈x2 of cerda〉 jgina 

esteem 〈x1 of sinma〉 banli, censa, misno, nelci, prami, 

salci, jgira 

esteemed 〈x2 of sinma〉 banli, censa, misno, nelci, 

prami, salci, jgira 

ethics 〈x2 of palci〉 zekri, vrude, xlali, marde, mabla 

eudemonic 〈x2 of gleki〉 badri, cinmo 

eulogize 〈x3 of zabna〉 funca, mabla, xamgu, vrude 

eulogized 〈x2 of zabna〉 funca, mabla, xamgu, vrude 

European 〈x1 of ropno〉 brito 

European aspect 〈x2 of ropno〉 brito 

evening 〈x1 of vanci〉 cerni, murse, tcika 

evening location 〈x3 of vanci〉 cerni, murse, tcika 

evenly spread 〈x2 of manfo〉 prane, curve, ranji, vitno, 

stodi, dikni, sampu, traji 

event 〈x1 of fasnu〉 cmavo list fau, krefu, lifri, fatci, 

rapli; gasnu, zukte, if specifically agentive, banli 

event experienced 〈x2 of lifri〉 cmavo list ri’i, jmive, 

fasnu, renvi 

event prepared for 〈x2 of bredi〉 spaji, jukpa 

event/state desired 〈x2 of djica〉 taske, xagji, mukti, 

nitcu, nelci, pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura 

evil 〈x1 of palci〉 zekri, vrude, xlali, marde, mabla 

evil standard 〈x2 of palci〉 zekri, vrude, xlali, marde, 

mabla 

evoke 〈x3 of frati〉 preti, danfu, spuda, cpedu, tarti 

exact 〈x1 of satci〉 sarxe, dunli, merli, mapti, kancu, 

mintu 

exactness property 〈x3 of satci〉 sarxe, dunli, merli, 

mapti, kancu, mintu 

examiner 〈x1 of catlu〉 jvinu, minra, simlu, viska, lanli, 

zgana, setca, viska 

example 〈x1 of mupli〉 cmavo list mu’u, pixra 

exceeded 〈x2 of zmadu〉 cmavo list mau, mleca, zenba, 


exceeds 〈x2 of mleca〉 cmavo list me’a, cmavo list su’o, 

jdika, zmadu, traji 

excess 〈x4 of bancu〉 dukse, ragve, zmadu, kuspe 

excess standard 〈x3 of dukse〉 bancu, banzu, ricfu, 

zmadu 

exchange 〈x1 of canja〉 dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, jdini, 

pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu; see note at jdima on 

cost/price/value distinction, banxa, cirko, dunda, janta, 

kargu, prali, sfasa, zivle 

exchanged 〈x2 of canja〉 dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, jdini, 




exchanged for 〈x3 of canja〉 dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, 

jdini, pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu; see note at jdima on 



exchanged with 〈x4 of canja〉 dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, 

jdini, pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu; see note at jdima on 



excrete 〈x1 of vikmi〉 cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne 

excreted 〈x2 of vikmi〉 cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne 

excreted from 〈x3 of vikmi〉 cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne 

excretion 〈x2 of vikmi〉 cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne 

excretion means 〈x4 of vikmi〉 cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne 

excretory system 〈x4 of vikmi〉 cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne 

exhibited 〈x2 of muzga〉 citri 

exhibition 〈x2 of tigni〉 jarco 

exist 〈x1 of zasti〉 fatci, xanri 

existence epistemology 〈x3 of zasti〉 fatci, xanri 

expel jet 〈x3 of jetce〉 sputu, vamtu 

expelled by rocket 〈x2 of jakne〉 cecla, danti, spoja 

experience 〈x1 of lifri〉 cmavo list ri’i, jmive, fasnu, renvi 

expert 〈x1 of certu〉 djuno, stati, kakne 

expertise 〈x2 of certu〉 djuno, stati, kakne 

expertise standard 〈x3 of certu〉 djuno, stati, kakne 

explain 〈x1 of ciksi〉 cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, 


133

explained fated 

explained 〈x2 of krinu〉 ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se 


explainer 〈x1 of ciksi〉 cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, 


explanation 〈x4 of ciksi〉 cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, 


explode 〈x1 of spoja〉 cecla, jakne, jbama 

explosion result 〈x2 of spoja〉 cecla, jakne, jbama 

exponent 〈x3 of tenfa〉 dugri 

exponential 〈x1 of tenfa〉 dugri 

exponential base 〈x2 of tenfa〉 dugri 

express 〈x1 of cusku〉 bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, cmavo 

list cu’u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka 

expressed 〈x2 of cusku〉 bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, 

cmavo list cu’u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka 

expressed by moan 〈x3 of cmoni〉 krixa, bacru, cusku, 

cortu 

expressed to 〈x3 of cusku〉 bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, 

cmavo list cu’u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka 

expression medium 〈x4 of cusku〉 bacru, tavla, casnu, 

spuda, cmavo list cu’u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka 

extent 〈x2 of tcena〉 kuspe, pruni, preja, ranji, trati 

extra 〈x4 of bancu〉 dukse, ragve, zmadu, kuspe 

extreme [n] 〈x3 of traji〉 cmavo list rai, jimte, milxe, 

mutce, note contrast with milxe and mutce rather than 

with mleca and zmadu, which are values for x3, banli, 

curve, fanmo, krasi, manfo, prane 

eye 〈x1 of kanla〉 jvinu, kerlo, viska, kumte 

face 〈x3 of kubli〉 kurfa - needed for ’cube’, bliku for a 

physical object; tanbo, tapla, tarmi 

face of a block 〈x3 of bliku〉 tapla, kubli, tanbo, canlu, 

kojna, sefta, bolci, kurfa, tarmi 

faced for sideways 〈x3 of mlana〉 crane, trixe, pritu, 

zunle which differ in that the direction of facing is the 

front and not the lateral side. The x4 of mlana may be 

either the front, or back side of x2, korbi 

fact 〈x1 of fatci〉 datni, jitfa, sucta, xanri, jetnu, fasnu, 

zasti, cfika, saske 

factor 〈x3 of pilji〉 mekso, sumji, rapli, jalge 

factory 〈x1 of fanri〉 molki, gundi 

factory product 〈x2 of fanri〉 molki, gundi 

fail 〈x1 of fliba〉 cfila, snada, srera, troci, sisti, ranji, 

denpa, bebna, zunti 

failed activity 〈x2 of fliba〉 cfila, snada, srera, troci, 

sisti, ranji, denpa, bebna, zunti 

134 

fairy 〈x1 of crida〉 ranmi, especially for non-humanoid 

creatures of myth, lijda 

fairy mythos 〈x2 of crida〉 ranmi, especially for 

non-humanoid creatures of myth, lijda 

fall 〈x1 of farlu〉 lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu 

fallen from 〈x3 of farlu〉 lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu 

fallen to 〈x2 of farlu〉 lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu 

false 〈x1 of jitfa〉 fatci, stace, jetnu, cfika 

falsity standard 〈x2 of jitfa〉 fatci, stace, jetnu, cfika 

familiar 〈x1 of slabu〉 clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; not 

the opposite of citno, djuno 

familiar feature 〈x3 of slabu〉 clani, citno, cnino, se 


familiar with 〈x2 of slabu〉 clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; 


familiarity standard 〈x4 of slabu〉 clani, citno, cnino, se 


family 〈x1 of lanzu〉 natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi 

family member 〈x2 of lanzu〉 natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, 

klesi 

family of species 〈x3 of jutsi〉 klesi, lanzu 

family standard 〈x3 of lanzu〉 natmi, cmima, girzu, 

jutsi, klesi 

famous 〈x1 of misno〉 se sinma, banli 

far 〈x1 of darno〉 jibni 

fare 〈x2 of gusta〉 barja, citka, kukte, sanmi, xotli 

fare of a bar 〈x2 of barja〉 gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, 


farm 〈x1 of cange〉 purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, xarju 

farm location 〈x2 of cange〉 purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, 

xarju 

farm produce 〈x4 of cange〉 purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, 

xarju 

farmer 〈x3 of cange〉 purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, xarju 

fast 〈x1 of sutra〉 masno 

fasten 〈x1 of lasna〉 jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, dinko, 

kansa 

fastened 〈x2 of lasna〉 jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, dinko, 

kansa 

fastened to 〈x3 of lasna〉 jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, 

dinko, kansa 

fastener 〈x4 of lasna〉 jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, dinko, 

kansa 

fate 〈x1 of dimna〉 dapma 

fated 〈x2 of dimna〉 dapma

father firmness conditions 

father 〈x2 of bersa〉 verba, nanla, nakni, nanmu, patfu, 

mamta, bruna, rirni, rorci, panzi, tixnu 

fathered 〈x2 of patfu〉 mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, 


fatiguing 〈x2 of tatpi〉 cikna, sipna, surla 

favor 〈x3 of zabna〉 funca, mabla, xamgu, vrude 

favorable 〈x1 of zabna〉 funca, mabla, xamgu, vrude 

favored 〈x2 of zabna〉 funca, mabla, xamgu, vrude 

fear 〈x1 of terpa〉 snura, xalni, xanka, virnu 

feared 〈x2 of terpa〉 snura, xalni, xanka, virnu 

feather 〈x1 of pimlu〉 cipni, nalci, rebla, kerfa, penbi 

feathered 〈x2 of pimlu〉 cipni, nalci, rebla, kerfa, penbi 

feces 〈x1 of kalci〉 ganxo, pinca, vikmi, mabla, festi 

fed by river 〈x4 of rirxe〉 flecu, senta for most 

metaphorical aspects; daplu, djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci, 

naxle 

fee 〈x2 of pleji〉 canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, jdima, 

prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda, jinga, dapma; see note at 

jdima on cost/price/value distinction, cirko, dirba 

feed on 〈x2 of cidja〉 citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina 

feels emotion 〈x1 of cinmo〉 cmavo list ci’o, cumla, jilra, 

nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, manci, 


female 〈x1 of fetsi〉 nakni 

female species 〈x2 of fetsi〉 nakni 

female trait 〈x3 of fetsi〉 nakni 

fenced 〈x2 of bitmu〉 jbini, sepli, fendi, canko, drudi, 

kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, pagre, gacri, kuspe, marbi, 

vorme 

fertile 〈x1 of ferti〉 vanbi, sidju, rorci, farvi, banro, cange 

fertility product 〈x2 of ferti〉 vanbi, sidju, rorci, farvi, 

banro, cange 

fiction 〈x1 of cfika〉 cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, jitfa, jetnu, 

xanri 

fiction subject 〈x2 of cfika〉 cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, 


field 〈x1 of foldi〉 purdi, cange 

field material 〈x2 of foldi〉 purdi, cange 

fig 〈x1 of figre〉 grute 

fig species 〈x2 of figre〉 grute 

fight 〈x1 of damba〉 bradi, gunta, talsa, darlu, fapro, 

jamna, sonci 

filing system 〈x2 of dacru〉 nilce, tanxe 

fill 〈x1 of tisna〉 culno, kunti, rinci, setca 

fill sail 〈x2 of falnu〉 bloti 

filled 〈x2 of tisna〉 culno, kunti, rinci, setca 

filling 〈x2 of culno〉 tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna 

filling material 〈x3 of tisna〉 culno, kunti, rinci, setca 

fills 〈x2 of culno〉 tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna 

film [v] 〈x3 of skina〉 tivni, vidni, pixra, finti 

film subject 〈x2 of skina〉 tivni, vidni, pixra, finti 

filmmaker 〈x3 of skina〉 tivni, vidni, pixra, finti 

filter 〈x1 of julne〉 komcu, ciste, jgena 

filtered out 〈x3 of julne〉 komcu, ciste, jgena 

find bad 〈x2 of xlali〉 palci, mabla, xamgu, betri 

find beautiful 〈x2 of melbi〉 pluka, xamgu 

find bitter 〈x2 of kurki〉 titla, slari 

find costly 〈x2 of kargu〉 vamji, dirba, vajni, jdima, pleji, 

canja, jerna, jinga, jemna, sfasa, vecnu 

find delicious 〈x2 of kukte〉 gusta, ralci, vrusi, cpina 

find difficult 〈x2 of nandu〉 frili, nabmi, jdari, talsa, 

tinsa 

find dim 〈x3 of kandi〉 blabi, carmi, klina, linto, manku, 

murse, ruble, skari, milxe, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, 


find easy 〈x2 of frili〉 nandu, sampu, zifre 

find good 〈x2 of xamgu〉 melbi, xlali, vrude, zabna 

find intense 〈x3 of carmi〉 denmi, gusni, kandi, ruble, 

skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, 


find new 〈x2 of cnino〉 nuzba, slabu, citno, se djuno 

find pungent 〈x2 of cpina〉 vrusi, kukte, cidja, panci, 

sumne 

find quiet 〈x2 of smaji〉 kerlo, panpi, savru, tirna 

find severe 〈x2 of jursa〉 gunta, vlile 

find sour 〈x2 of slari〉 slami, titla, kurki, nimre 

find strange 〈x2 of cizra〉 ranxi, rirci, fange, banli 

find sweet 〈x2 of titla〉 sakta, slari, kurki 

finds familiar 〈x2 of slabu〉 clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; 


finds funny 〈x2 of xajmi〉 bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, 

zdile 

finds important 〈x2 of vajni〉 banli, ralju, vamji, dirba, 

kargu, pajni 

finds poisonous 〈x2 of vindu〉 since 

finds tragic 〈x2 of betri〉 badri, xlali, morsi, binra 

finger 〈x1 of degji〉 nazbi, tamji, tance, xance 

fire 〈x1 of fagri〉 jelca, sacki 

firm 〈x1 of jdari〉 nandu, ralci, randa, ranti, tinsa, sligu, 

stodi 

firmness conditions 〈x3 of jdari〉 nandu, ralci, randa, 

ranti, tinsa, sligu, stodi 

135

first subunit of pound frame for left 

first subunit of pound 〈x4 of bunda〉 grake, junta, tilju, 

rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, kramu 

fish 〈x1 of finpe〉 danlu 

fish species 〈x2 of finpe〉 danlu 

fit 〈x1 of mapti〉 satci, tugni, sarxe, drani, tarmi, ckini, 

mintu 

flag 〈x1 of lanci〉 gugde, jecta 

flag design 〈x3 of lanci〉 gugde, jecta 

flag material 〈x4 of lanci〉 gugde, jecta 

flavor 〈x2 of tsapi〉 vrusi 

flavored 〈x2 of vrusi〉 kukte, tsapi, cpina 

flaw 〈x1 of cfila〉 cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane 

flies by airplane 〈x2 of vinji〉 vofli, sabnu 

flight 〈x1 of vofli〉 cipni, klama, vinji 

flight means 〈x2 of vofli〉 cipni, klama, vinji 

float 〈x1 of fulta〉 limna, bloti, sakli 

floated in 〈x2 of fulta〉 limna, bloti, sakli 

flock of sheep 〈x3 of lanme〉 kanba, sunla 

floor 〈x1 of loldi〉 bitmu, drudi, dertu, dizlo, cnita, zbepi, 

sarji, serti 

flow 〈x1 of flecu〉 rirxe, senta where no directionality is 

implied, rinci, xampo, dikca, sakci, gapci, litki, ciblu 

flow destination 〈x3 of flecu〉 rirxe, senta where no 

directionality is implied, rinci, xampo, dikca, sakci, 

gapci, litki, ciblu 

flow source 〈x4 of flecu〉 rirxe, senta where no 



flower 〈x1 of xrula〉 spati 

flower [v] 〈x2 of xrula〉 spati 

flowering plant 〈x2 of xrula〉 spati 

flown 〈x2 of vinji〉 vofli, sabnu 

fluid from well 〈x2 of jinto〉 krasi, djacu, fenra 

flute 〈x1 of flani〉 zgike 

fly 〈x1 of sfani〉 cinki, bifce 

fly species 〈x2 of sfani〉 cinki, bifce 

foam 〈x1 of fonmo〉 zbabu 

foam material 〈x2 of fonmo〉 zbabu 

focus of lens 〈x3 of lenjo〉 kacma, minra 

fog 〈x1 of bumru〉 djacu, carvi, danmo, lunsa, tcima, 

gapci 

fog composition 〈x2 of bumru〉 djacu, carvi, danmo, 

lunsa, tcima, gapci 

fogged 〈x2 of lunsa〉 cilmo, dunja, febvi, runme, bumru 

fogs 〈x2 of bumru〉 djacu, carvi, danmo, lunsa, tcima, 

gapci 

136 

fold 〈x1 of polje〉 korcu, cinje, boxfo, boxna 

fold [n] 〈x3 of polje〉 korcu, cinje, boxfo, boxna 

folded 〈x2 of polje〉 korcu, cinje, boxfo, boxna 

folding crease 〈x3 of polje〉 korcu, cinje, boxfo, boxna 

follow 〈x2 of lidne〉 cmavo list li’e, balvi, ralju, rebla, 


fond 〈x1 of nelci〉 cinmo, djica, pluka, prami, rigni, 

sinma, trina, xebni, cuxna, pendo 

foo 〈x3 of kanji〉 kancu, jdice, skami 

food 〈x1 of cidja〉 citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina 

fooled 〈x2 of tcica〉 stace, xlura, stidi, kajde 

foolish thing 〈x1 of bebna〉 fenki, xajmi, prije, fliba 

foolishness 〈x2 of bebna〉 fenki, xajmi, prije, fliba 

foot 〈x1 of jamfu〉 jicmu, genja, zbepi, tuple, jubme, 

xance, tamji 

footed 〈x2 of jamfu〉 jicmu, genja, zbepi, tuple, jubme, 

xance, tamji 

for a reason 〈x2 of krinu〉 ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se 


force 〈x1 of bapli〉 fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, rinka, krinu, 

zukte, randa, danre, cmavo list bai, marxa, tinsa, xarnu 

forced 〈x2 of bapli〉 fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, rinka, krinu, 

zukte, randa, danre, cmavo list bai, marxa, tinsa, xarnu 

forgive 〈x1 of fraxu〉 dunda, curmi, zungi 

forgiven 〈x2 of fraxu〉 dunda, curmi, zungi 

fork 〈x1 of forca〉 dakfu, smuci, komcu, tutci 

fork purpose 〈x2 of forca〉 dakfu, smuci, komcu, tutci 

fork shaft 〈x4 of forca〉 dakfu, smuci, komcu, tutci 

fork tine 〈x3 of forca〉 dakfu, smuci, komcu, tutci 

form of request 〈x4 of cpedu〉 ve cusku 

forte 〈x2 of tsali〉 ralci, ruble, carmi, vlipa 

fought over 〈x3 of damba〉 bradi, gunta, talsa, darlu, 

fapro, jamna, sonci 

founded 〈x2 of jicmu〉 cmavo list ji’u, jamfu, zbepi, 

genja, krasi 

fox 〈x1 of lorxu〉 gerku 

fox species 〈x2 of lorxu〉 gerku 

fraction 〈x1 of frinu〉 parbi, dilcu, mekso, fendi 

fragrant 〈x2 of panci〉 nazbi, sumne, cpina 

frame 〈x1 of greku〉 korbi, stura, tsina, bongu 

frame for behind 〈x3 of trixe〉 crane, rebla, mlana, 

pritu, zunle 

frame for east 〈x3 of stuna〉 stici, berti, snanu, farna 

frame for fall 〈x4 of farlu〉 lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu 

frame for left 〈x3 of zunle〉 cmavo list zu’a, pritu, 

mlana, crane, trixe, farna

frame for levelness gathering place 

frame for levelness 〈x2 of pinta〉 sraji, plita, xutla 

frame for north 〈x3 of berti〉 snanu, stici, stuna, farna 

frame for right 〈x3 of pritu〉 cmavo list ri’u, mlana, 

crane, trixe, farna, zunle 

frame for sideways 〈x4 of mlana〉 crane, trixe, pritu, 

zunle which differ in that the direction of facing is the 

front and not the lateral side. The x4 of mlana may be 


frame for south 〈x3 of snanu〉 berti, stuna, stici, farna 

frame for verticality 〈x2 of sraji〉 sanli, pinta 

frame for west 〈x3 of stici〉 stuna, berti, snanu, farna 

free 〈x1 of zifre〉 pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, kakne, frili 

freedom 〈x2 of zifre〉 pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, kakne, 

frili 

freedom conditions 〈x3 of zifre〉 pinfu, rinju, bilga, 

curmi, kakne, frili 

freely done 〈x2 of zifre〉 pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, 

kakne, frili 

freeze 〈x1 of dunja〉 febvi, lunsa, runme, sligu 

freezing point 〈x2 of dunja〉 febvi, lunsa, runme, sligu 

freezing pressure 〈x3 of dunja〉 febvi, lunsa, runme, 

sligu 

freezing temperature 〈x2 of dunja〉 febvi, lunsa, runme, 

sligu 

French 〈x1 of fraso〉 ropno 

French aspect 〈x2 of fraso〉 ropno 

fresh 〈x1 of vifne〉 fusra 

friction 〈x1 of mosra〉 sakli, sraku, jabre, satre, guska, 

pencu, spali 

friend 〈x1 of pendo〉 bradi, xendo, nelci, prami, bradi 

front 〈x1 of crane〉 sefta, flira, trixe, mlana, pritu, zunle 

frown 〈x1 of frumu〉 cmila, cisma 

fructiferous 〈x2 of grute〉 badna, dembi, figre, guzme, 



fruit 〈x1 of grute〉 badna, dembi, figre, guzme, narge, 

perli, pilka, plise, spati, stagi, tamca, tsiju, tarbi, panzi, 

rorci, te pruce, jbari, nimre 

fruit species 〈x2 of grute〉 badna, dembi, figre, guzme, 



frustrate 〈x2 of steba〉 cinmo 

frustrating 〈x2 of steba〉 cinmo 

frustration 〈x1 of steba〉 cinmo 

fuel 〈x1 of livla〉 nejni, xaksu, jelca 

fuel for fire 〈x2 of fagri〉 jelca, sacki 

full 〈x1 of culno〉 tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna 

full day 〈x1 of djedi〉 donri, detri, jeftu, masti, nanca, 

nicte, tcika 

full day standard 〈x3 of djedi〉 donri, detri, jeftu, masti, 

nanca, nicte, tcika 

function 〈x1 of fancu〉 mekso, bridi 

function definition 〈x4 of fancu〉 mekso, bridi 

function domain 〈x2 of fancu〉 mekso, bridi 

function range 〈x3 of fancu〉 mekso, bridi 

function with lever 〈x2 of vraga〉 tutci, pulni 

funniness property 〈x3 of xajmi〉 bebna, cisma, cmila, 

fenki, zdile 

funny 〈x1 of xajmi〉 bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, zdile 

furnished 〈x2 of nilce〉 ckana, jubme, sfofa, stizu, dacru 

furniture 〈x1 of nilce〉 ckana, jubme, sfofa, stizu, dacru 

furniture purpose 〈x3 of nilce〉 ckana, jubme, sfofa, 

stizu, dacru 

future thing 〈x1 of balvi〉 lidne, cabna, purci, farna 

gains 〈x2 of prali〉 vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, 

sfasa, jerna, jdima, dunda, zivle 

gallon 〈x1 of dekpu〉 canlu, litce, rupnu, fepni, gutci, 

minli, merli, bunda, kramu 

gallon standard 〈x3 of dekpu〉 canlu, litce, rupnu, fepni, 

gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu 

gap 〈x2 of ragve〉 dukti, kuspe, bancu, kruca, cripu, 

pagre 

garden 〈x1 of purdi〉 foldi, cange, panka 

garlic 〈x1 of sunga〉 stagi 

garlic species 〈x2 of sunga〉 stagi 

garment 〈x1 of taxfu〉 creka, cutci, daski, dasni, gluta, 

kosta, mapku, palku, pastu, skaci, smoka, lunbe 

garment purpose 〈x3 of taxfu〉 creka, cutci, daski, 

dasni, gluta, kosta, mapku, palku, pastu, skaci, smoka, 

lunbe 

gas 〈x1 of gapci〉 pambe, vacri, litki, sligu, danmo, 

bumru, cidro, flecu 

gas composition 〈x2 of gapci〉 pambe, vacri, litki, sligu, 

danmo, bumru, cidro, flecu 

gas conditions 〈x3 of gapci〉 pambe, vacri, litki, sligu, 

danmo, bumru, cidro, flecu 

gateway 〈x2 of pagre〉 bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, vorme, 


gather 〈x1 of jmaji〉 crepu 

gathered from 〈x3 of jmaji〉 crepu 

gathering place 〈x2 of jmaji〉 crepu 

137

gem great thing 

gem 〈x1 of jemna〉 kunra, rokci, jadni, dirba, kargu, 

krili, pulji 

gene 〈x1 of jgina〉 cerda 

genetic 〈x2 of jgina〉 cerda 

genetic trait 〈x3 of jgina〉 cerda 

genre 〈x2 of skina〉 tivni, vidni, pixra, finti 

genre of a journal 〈x2 of karni〉 papri, pelji, tcidu 

genre of fiction 〈x2 of cfika〉 cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, 


genus of species 〈x2 of jutsi〉 klesi, lanzu 

germ 〈x1 of jurme〉 vidru 

germ species 〈x2 of jurme〉 vidru 

German 〈x1 of dotco〉 ropno 

German aspect 〈x2 of dotco〉 ropno 

get 〈x1 of cpacu〉 punji, lebna, vimcu 

get explanation 〈x3 of ciksi〉 cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, 

krinu, mukti, nabmi, preti, rinka, sidbo, zukte, tavla 

gift 〈x2 of dunda〉 benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, friti, 

sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali 

girl 〈x1 of nixli〉 nanla, verba, ninmu 

girl’s age 〈x2 of nixli〉 nanla, verba, ninmu 

girlhood standard 〈x3 of nixli〉 nanla, verba, ninmu 

give 〈x1 of dunda〉 benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, friti, 

sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali 

gland 〈x1 of cigla〉 vikmi, xasne 

glass 〈x1 of blaci〉 kabri 

glass composition 〈x2 of blaci〉 kabri 

glimmering 〈x1 of murse〉 cerni, kandi, vanci 

glove 〈x1 of gluta〉 taxfu 

glove material 〈x2 of gluta〉 taxfu 

goat 〈x1 of kanba〉 lanme, sunla 

goat species 〈x2 of kanba〉 lanme, sunla 

god 〈x1 of cevni〉 censa, krici, lijda, malsi 

going origin 〈x3 of klama〉 cadzu, bajra, marce, vofli, 

litru, muvdu, cpare, cmavo list ka’a, pluta, bevri, farlu, 

limna, vitke 

gold 〈x1 of solji〉 ricfu, rijno, narju, pelxu 

gonad 〈x1 of ganti〉 plibu, sovda, pinji, gutra, mabla 

gonad gender 〈x3 of ganti〉 plibu, sovda, pinji, gutra, 

mabla 

good 〈x1 of xamgu〉 melbi, xlali, vrude, zabna 

goodness standard 〈x3 of xamgu〉 melbi, xlali, vrude, 

zabna 

goods 〈x2 of vecnu〉 canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, 

kargu, prali, zarci, vamji, jdima; see note at jdima on 

cost/price/value distinction, fepni, friti, jerna, rupnu 

138 

goods/services 〈x4 of pleji〉 canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, 

vecnu, jdima, prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda, jinga, dapma; 

see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, cirko, 

dirba 

goose 〈x1 of gunse〉 cipni 

goose species 〈x2 of gunse〉 cipni 

got from 〈x3 of cpacu〉 punji, lebna, vimcu 

gotten 〈x2 of cpacu〉 punji, lebna, vimcu 

govern 〈x1 of turni〉 catni, minde, tutra, jecta, gugde, 

ponse, jitro 

governed 〈x2 of turni〉 catni, minde, tutra, jecta, gugde, 

ponse, jitro 

governed by ritual 〈x2 of ritli〉 lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, 

tcaci, clite, junri 

grain 〈x1 of gurni〉 bavmi, cunmi, mavji, maxri, molki, 

mraji, rismi, sobde, spati, zumri, nanba, sorgu 

grain in bread 〈x2 of nanba〉 gurni, panlo, toknu 

grain species 〈x2 of gurni〉 bavmi, cunmi, mavji, maxri, 

molki, mraji, rismi, sobde, spati, zumri, nanba, sorgu 

gram 〈x1 of grake〉 junta, kilto, bunda, centi, decti, 

dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, litce, megdo, mikri, 


zetro 

gram standard 〈x3 of grake〉 junta, kilto, bunda, centi, 

decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, litce, megdo, 


zepti, zetro 

grammar 〈x1 of gerna〉 bangu, stura, cmavo, jufra 

grammar language 〈x2 of gerna〉 bangu, stura, cmavo, 

jufra 

grammatical 〈x3 of gerna〉 bangu, stura, cmavo, jufra 

grasp 〈x1 of jgari〉 ralte, pencu, darxi, batke, rinju 

grasped 〈x2 of jgari〉 ralte, pencu, darxi, batke, rinju 

grasping appendage 〈x3 of jgari〉 ralte, pencu, darxi, 

batke, rinju 

grass 〈x1 of srasu〉 spati 

grass species 〈x2 of srasu〉 spati 

grateful 〈x1 of ckire〉 cinmo, friti, pluka 

gravity causing weight 〈x3 of junta〉 grake, linto, tilju, 

bunda 

gravity lifted in 〈x4 of lafti〉 farlu, plipe 

gray 〈x1 of grusi〉 skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi 

grease 〈x1 of grasu〉 ctile, matne, plana 

grease source 〈x2 of grasu〉 ctile, matne, plana 

great thing 〈x1 of banli〉 barda, nobli, se sinma, pluja, 

misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, se manci

greatness property harmonious 

greatness property 〈x2 of banli〉 barda, nobli, se sinma, 

pluja, misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, se manci 

greatness standard 〈x3 of banli〉 barda, nobli, se sinma, 

pluja, misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, se manci 

Greek 〈x1 of xelso〉 latmo, ropno 

Greek aspect 〈x2 of xelso〉 latmo, ropno 

green 〈x1 of crino〉 skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, 

cicna 

greet 〈x1 of rinsa〉 friti for welcome/hospitality, cmavo 

list coi, cmavo list co’o 

greeted 〈x2 of rinsa〉 friti for welcome/hospitality, cmavo 

list coi, cmavo list co’o 

greeting 〈x3 of rinsa〉 friti for welcome/hospitality, 

cmavo list coi, cmavo list co’o 

grind 〈x1 of zalvi〉 daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce, canre, 

molki 

gritty 〈x2 of canre〉 bidju, rokci, zalvi, boxna 

groove 〈x1 of skuro〉 plixa 

grooved 〈x2 of skuro〉 plixa 

ground 〈x2 of zalvi〉 daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce, canre, 

molki 

ground powder 〈x3 of zalvi〉 daspo, purmo, marxa, 

pulce, canre, molki 

grounds 〈x3 of zalvi〉 daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce, 

canre, molki 

grounds for opinion 〈x4 of jinvi〉 cmavo list pe’i, ciksi, 

jijnu, nabmi, pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, pinka 

group 〈x1 of girzu〉 bende, ciste, cmima, gunma, panra, 

cabra, cecmu, kansa, klesi, lanzu, liste, vrici 

group property 〈x2 of girzu〉 bende, ciste, cmima, 

gunma, panra, cabra, cecmu, kansa, klesi, lanzu, liste, 

vrici 

group relation 〈x4 of girzu〉 bende, ciste, cmima, 


vrici 

group superset 〈x3 of girzu〉 bende, ciste, cmima, 


vrici 

growing thing 〈x1 of banro〉 farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, 

makcu, ferti 

grown 〈x2 of banro〉 farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, makcu, 

ferti 

grown from 〈x3 of banro〉 farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, 

makcu, ferti 

grown in garden 〈x3 of purdi〉 foldi, cange, panka 

grows 〈x2 of ferti〉 vanbi, sidju, rorci, farvi, banro, cange 

guess 〈x1 of smadi〉 djuno, facki, jijnu, sruma 

guess [n] 〈x2 of smadi〉 djuno, facki, jijnu, sruma 

guess subject 〈x3 of smadi〉 djuno, facki, jijnu, sruma 

guessed 〈x2 of smadi〉 djuno, facki, jijnu, sruma 

guest 〈x1 of vitke〉 friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati 

guest place 〈x3 of vitke〉 friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati 

guide 〈x1 of gidva〉 jitro, ralju, sazri, te bende, jatna, 

fukpi, morna 

guided 〈x2 of gidva〉 jitro, ralju, sazri, te bende, jatna, 

fukpi, morna 

guided activity 〈x3 of gidva〉 jitro, ralju, sazri, te bende, 

jatna, fukpi, morna 

guilt 〈x1 of zungi〉 cmavo list .u’u, cinmo, xenru, zekri 

guilt-inducing 〈x2 of zungi〉 cmavo list .u’u, cinmo, 

xenru, zekri 

guitar 〈x1 of jgita〉 zgike 

gullible 〈x2 of xlura〉 djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, 


gun 〈x2 of danti〉 cecla, renro, jakne 

gut 〈x1 of canti〉 betfu 

gymnast 〈x1 of zajba〉 sluji, dansu 

gymnastic feat 〈x2 of zajba〉 sluji, dansu 

habitat 〈x2 of xabju〉 ginka, zdani, zvati, stuzi, jmive, 

stali, vitke 

hail 〈x1 of bratu〉 carvi, snime, bisli, tcima 

hail material 〈x2 of bratu〉 carvi, snime, bisli, tcima 

hair 〈x1 of kerfa〉 skapi, sunla, pimlu 

hair location 〈x3 of kerfa〉 skapi, sunla, pimlu 

haired 〈x2 of kerfa〉 skapi, sunla, pimlu 

hairy 〈x2 of kerfa〉 skapi, sunla, pimlu 

half 〈x1 of xadba〉 mulno, pagbu 

halfness standard 〈x3 of xadba〉 mulno, pagbu 

halogen 〈x1 of kliru〉 xukmi 

halogen type 〈x2 of kliru〉 xukmi 

halved 〈x2 of xadba〉 mulno, pagbu 

hammer 〈x1 of mruli〉 tutci 

hammered 〈x2 of mruli〉 tutci 

hammerhead 〈x3 of mruli〉 tutci 

hand 〈x1 of xance〉 birka, degji, jitro, xlura, jamfu, tamji 

handle 〈x3 of lacpu〉 catke, sakci, cokcu 

hang 〈x1 of dandu〉 lasna, jorne 

happening 〈x2 of lifri〉 cmavo list ri’i, jmive, fasnu, renvi 

happy 〈x1 of gleki〉 badri, cinmo 

harmed 〈x2 of xlali〉 palci, mabla, xamgu, betri 

harmonious 〈x1 of sarxe〉 satci, panpi, mapti, tugni, 

ckini 

139

harmonized with holds dear 

harmonized with 〈x2 of sarxe〉 satci, panpi, mapti, 

tugni, ckini 

harmony property 〈x3 of sarxe〉 satci, panpi, mapti, 

tugni, ckini 

harvested 〈x2 of crepu〉 critu, sombo, jmaji 

harvested from 〈x3 of crepu〉 critu, sombo, jmaji 

harvests 〈x1 of crepu〉 critu, sombo, jmaji 

hate 〈x1 of xebni〉 djica, nitcu, rigni, prami, nelci 

hated 〈x2 of xebni〉 djica, nitcu, rigni, prami, nelci 

hateful 〈x2 of xebni〉 djica, nitcu, rigni, prami, nelci 

have in between 〈x2 of jbini〉 se vasru, nenri, zvati, 

cpana, snuji, senta, bitmu, jimte, kuspe, jibni, lamji, 

sruri, vanbi, midju, cmima, setca 

have result 〈x2 of jalge〉 se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se 

krinu, se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilji, mekso, cmavo list ja’e, 

ciksi 

head 〈x1 of stedu〉 drudi, mebri, xedja, besna, flira, 

mapku 

headed by 〈x2 of ralju〉 vajni, te bende, minde, lidne, 

jatna, jitro, gidva, midju 

health standard 〈x2 of kanro〉 bilma, mikce 

healthy 〈x1 of kanro〉 bilma, mikce 

heap 〈x1 of derxi〉 cmana 

heap location 〈x3 of derxi〉 cmana 

hear 〈x1 of tirna〉 kerlo, sance, smaji, savru, voksa, 

ganse, zgana 

hear song 〈x3 of sanga〉 pemci, rimni, rilti, siclu 

hear story 〈x4 of lisri〉 ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, pemci 

heard 〈x2 of tirna〉 kerlo, sance, smaji, savru, voksa, 

ganse, zgana 

heart 〈x1 of risna〉 pambe, ciblu 

heaviness standard 〈x2 of tilju〉 linto; carmi, se junri 

for metaphor, bunda, junta 

heavy 〈x1 of tilju〉 linto; carmi, se junri for metaphor, 

bunda, junta 

Hebrew 〈x1 of xebro〉 filso 

Hebrew aspect 〈x2 of xebro〉 filso 

heeded 〈x2 of jundi〉 kurji, zvati 

height reference 〈x2 of galtu〉 gapru, dizlo, cnita, drudi, 

farna 

height standard 〈x3 of galtu〉 gapru, dizlo, cnita, drudi, 

farna 

heir 〈x1 of cerda〉 jgina 

held 〈x2 of jgari〉 ralte, pencu, darxi, batke, rinju 

helix 〈x1 of sarlu〉 klupe, korcu, tarmi 

140 

help 〈x1 of sidju〉 cmavo list si’u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, 

selfu 

helped 〈x2 of sidju〉 cmavo list si’u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, 

ferti, selfu 

helped to do 〈x3 of sidju〉 cmavo list si’u, rirni, sarji, 

vipsi, ferti, selfu 

helper 〈x1 of sidju〉 cmavo list si’u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, 

ferti, selfu 

hemp 〈x1 of marna〉 skori, tanko, sigja, xukmi 

hemp species 〈x2 of marna〉 skori, tanko, sigja, xukmi 

hereditary 〈x2 of jgina〉 cerda 

hide 〈x1 of mipri〉 stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, cirko, jarco 

hierarchic 〈x2 of vipsi〉 krati, sidju 

hierarchy 〈x2 of vipsi〉 krati, sidju 

high 〈x1 of galtu〉 gapru, dizlo, cnita, drudi, farna 

hindered 〈x2 of zunti〉 fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, 

klina, bandu, cfipu, ganlo 

Hindi 〈x1 of xindo〉 srito, xurdo, bengo 

Hindi aspect 〈x2 of xindo〉 srito, xurdo, bengo 

hindrance 〈x1 of zunti〉 fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, 


Hispanic 〈x1 of xispo〉 merko, mexno, spano, ketco, 

bemro, gento 

Hispanic aspect 〈x2 of xispo〉 merko, mexno, spano, 

ketco, bemro, gento 

historian 〈x3 of citri〉 muzga 

history 〈x1 of citri〉 muzga 

hit 〈x1 of darxi〉 bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, tikpa, janli, 

jgari, pencu 

hit locus 〈x4 of darxi〉 bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, tikpa, 

janli, jgari, pencu 

hitting tool 〈x3 of darxi〉 bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, 

tikpa, janli, jgari, pencu 

hoard 〈x1 of sorcu〉 panka; vreji for information 

storage; sabji for a store or reserve that is not 

necessarily tied to a site, banxa, panka 

hoe 〈x3 of plixa〉 kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro 

hold as crime 〈x2 of zekri〉 flalu, sfasa, zungi, palci, 

lijda, pajni, javni, tcaci, marde, pulji, tinbe 

hold as existent 〈x2 of zasti〉 fatci, xanri 

hold as famous 〈x2 of misno〉 se sinma, banli 

hold as god 〈x2 of cevni〉 censa, krici, lijda, malsi 

hold as magical 〈x2 of makfa〉 krici, manci 

hold responsible 〈x3 of fuzme〉 bilga 

holds dear 〈x2 of dirba〉 tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, 

jadni, jemna

holy thing in 1000’s 

holy thing 〈x1 of censa〉 cevni, krici, latna, pruxi, lijda, 

sinma 

honest 〈x1 of stace〉 tcica, jetnu, jitfa, mipri 

honesty subject 〈x3 of stace〉 tcica, jetnu, jitfa, mipri 

hoof 〈x1 of sufti〉 xirma 

hoofed 〈x2 of sufti〉 xirma 

hook 〈x1 of genxu〉 kruvi, korcu 

hook material 〈x2 of genxu〉 kruvi, korcu 

hope 〈x2 of pacna〉 djica 

hoped for 〈x2 of pacna〉 djica 

hoper 〈x1 of pacna〉 djica 

horn 〈x1 of jirna〉 jgalu, bongu 

horned 〈x2 of jirna〉 jgalu, bongu 

horse 〈x1 of xirma〉 sufti, xasli, kumte 

horse species 〈x2 of xirma〉 sufti, xasli, kumte 

hospital 〈x1 of spita〉 bilma, mikce 

hospital patient 〈x2 of spita〉 bilma, mikce 

hospital specialty 〈x3 of spita〉 bilma, mikce 

host 〈x2 of vitke〉 friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati 

hosteler 〈x3 of xotli〉 barja, gusta 

hot 〈x1 of glare〉 lenku 

hot standard 〈x2 of glare〉 lenku 

hotel 〈x1 of xotli〉 barja, gusta 

hotel location 〈x2 of xotli〉 barja, gusta 

hour 〈x1 of cacra〉 junla, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci 

hour standard 〈x3 of cacra〉 junla, mentu, snidu, tcika, 

temci 

howl 〈x2 of krixa〉 klaku, bacru 

hue 〈x2 of skari〉 blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, crino, grusi, 

narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu, carmi, kandi, xekri, 

blabi 

hugged 〈x2 of tagji〉 trati, jarki, kluza, rinju 

human 〈x1 of remna〉 nanmu, ninmu, prenu 

humble 〈x1 of cumla〉 cinmo, jgira 

humiliating 〈x2 of ckeji〉 cinmo 

hung by 〈x3 of dandu〉 lasna, jorne 

hung from 〈x2 of dandu〉 lasna, jorne 

hunger 〈x1 of xagji〉 cidja, citka, djica, nitcu, taske 

hunt 〈x1 of kalte〉 jersi, kavbu, sisku, rivbi 

hunt purpose 〈x3 of kalte〉 jersi, kavbu, sisku, rivbi 

hunted 〈x2 of kalte〉 jersi, kavbu, sisku, rivbi 

hurts 〈x2 of cortu〉 cinmo, xrani 

hydrogen 〈x1 of cidro〉 gapci, xukmi 

ice 〈x1 of bisli〉 kunra, runme, lenku, krili, bratu, snime, 

carvi 

ice composition 〈x2 of bisli〉 kunra, runme, lenku, krili, 

bratu, snime, carvi 

idea 〈x1 of sidbo〉 ciksi, jijnu, mucti, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, 

xanri, cmavo list si’o 

idea subject 〈x2 of sidbo〉 ciksi, jijnu, mucti, jinvi, 

nabmi, pensi, xanri, cmavo list si’o 

idle thing 〈x1 of cando〉 surla 

ill 〈x1 of bilma〉 kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra 

illness 〈x3 of bilma〉 kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, 

binra 

illuminated 〈x2 of gusni〉 dirce, manku, solri, carmi, 

ctino, kantu 

illumine 〈x1 of gusni〉 dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ctino, 

kantu 

illustrated 〈x2 of pixra〉 ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, 

barna, skina 

image focussed by lens 〈x2 of lenjo〉 kacma, minra 

imaginary 〈x1 of xanri〉 fatci, senva, sucta, zasti, cfika, 

dacti, menli, sidbo 

imagine 〈x2 of xanri〉 fatci, senva, sucta, zasti, cfika, 

dacti, menli, sidbo 

immaterial 〈x1 of mucti〉 marji, menli, pruxi, sidbo 

immediately under 〈x2 of cpana〉 se vasru, jbini, zvati, 

nenri, vreta, ckana, diklo, jibni, lamji, zutse, punji for lay 

upon, sarji, zbepi 

immerse 〈x1 of jinru〉 lumci, nenri, jinsa 

immersed in 〈x2 of jinru〉 lumci, nenri, jinsa 

impacted 〈x2 of vajni〉 banli, ralju, vamji, dirba, kargu, 

pajni 

impacts emotionally 〈x3 of cinmo〉 cmavo list ci’o, 

cumla, jilra, nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, 

manci, prami, steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki 

implies 〈x2 of smuni〉 jimpe, sinxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, 

lujvo, cmavo, jufra 

important 〈x1 of vajni〉 banli, ralju, vamji, dirba, kargu, 

pajni 

imprinted 〈x2 of prina〉 cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, ciska, 

danre, barna 

imprison 〈x2 of pinfu〉 zifre, kavbu, rinju, ralte, fanta, 

cilce 

imprisonment means 〈x3 of pinfu〉 zifre, kavbu, rinju, 

ralte, fanta, cilce 

in 〈x1 of nenri〉 se vasru (for containment that need not 

be total 

in 1000’s 〈x2 of kilto〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, 


141

in 1E24’s inserted 

dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, megdo, mikri, milti, 

nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro, 

minli 

in 1E24’s 〈x2 of gotro〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, 


dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, 


in 1E9’s 〈x2 of gigdo〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, 


dekto, femti, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, 


in code 〈x1 of mifra〉 mipri, lerfu, sinxa 

in contention 〈x3 of fapro〉 bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, 

jivna, lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu 

in excess 〈x2 of dukse〉 bancu, banzu, ricfu, zmadu 

in front 〈x2 of trixe〉 crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle 

in on 〈x2 of sivni〉 gubni, mipri 

in ratio 〈x2 of parbi〉 frinu, dilcu, mekso 

in situation 〈x2 of tcini〉 stuzi, zvati, vanbi, ve pruce, 

ckaji, zasni 

inamorata 〈x2 of prami〉 cinmo, xebni, nelci, djica, 

sinma, pluka, kurji, pendo, speni 

increase 〈x1 of zenba〉 jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina 

increase [n] 〈x3 of zenba〉 jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina 

increase amount 〈x3 of zenba〉 jdika, zmadu, banro, 

jmina 

increase property 〈x2 of zenba〉 jdika, zmadu, banro, 

jmina 

Indonesian 〈x1 of bindo〉 bindo, meljo, baxso 

Indonesian aspect 〈x2 of bindo〉 bindo, meljo, baxso 

industrial process 〈x3 of gundi〉 cupra, fanri, rutni, 

zbasu 

industry 〈x1 of gundi〉 cupra, fanri, rutni, zbasu 

industry product 〈x2 of gundi〉 cupra, fanri, rutni, 

zbasu 

infant 〈x1 of cifnu〉 makcu, verba 

infant species 〈x2 of cifnu〉 makcu, verba 

inference 〈x2 of logji〉 nibli 

infers 〈x3 of smuni〉 jimpe, sinxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, 


infinite 〈x1 of cimni〉 vitno, renvi, munje, fanmo, sisti 

infinite property 〈x2 of cimni〉 vitno, renvi, munje, 

fanmo, sisti 

infinity degree 〈x3 of cimni〉 vitno, renvi, munje, fanmo, 

sisti 

142 

influence 〈x4 of xlura〉 djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, 


influenced 〈x2 of xlura〉 djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, 


influenced action 〈x3 of xlura〉 djica, mukti, trina, jitro, 

sazri, tcica, xance, stidi, kajde, maksi 

influencing action 〈x4 of xlura〉 djica, mukti, trina, jitro, 

sazri, tcica, xance, stidi, kajde, maksi 

infuriating 〈x3 of fengu〉 fanza, dunku 

ingredient 〈x2 of mixre〉 salta, te runta, stasu, jicla, 

sanso 

inhabit 〈x2 of zdani〉 dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju 

inhabitant 〈x2 of zdani〉 dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju 

inhabitant under sun 〈x3 of solri〉 gusni, lunra, mluni, 

plini, santa, terdi, tarci 

inheritance 〈x2 of cerda〉 jgina 

initiator 〈x1 of cfari〉 sisti, krasi, fanmo 

inject 〈x1 of pambe〉 gapci, litki, rinci; metaphorical use 

of fepri for gas, risna for liquid, rinci, tutci 

injected 〈x2 of pambe〉 gapci, litki, rinci; metaphorical 

use of fepri for gas, risna for liquid, rinci, tutci 

injure 〈x1 of xrani〉 cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi 

injured 〈x2 of xrani〉 cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi 

injury 〈x4 of xrani〉 cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi 

injury property 〈x3 of xrani〉 cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, 

porpi 

ink 〈x1 of xinmo〉 penbi 

ink color 〈x2 of xinmo〉 penbi 

ink for pen 〈x2 of penbi〉 ciska, pinsi, xinmo, pimlu 

innate 〈x1 of jinzi〉 lakne, rarna, stati, cmavo list ka’e, 

tcaci 

innkeeper 〈x3 of xotli〉 barja, gusta 

inoperative function 〈x2 of spofu〉 daspo, katna, porpi, 

se xrani, cikre 

input to process 〈x2 of pruce〉 cmavo list pu’e, farvi, 

tadji, grute, tcini 

inscription 〈x3 of tcita〉 sinxa, cmene, judri 

insect 〈x1 of cinki〉 civla, danlu, jalra, jukni, manti, 

sfani, toldi, bifce 

insect species 〈x2 of cinki〉 civla, danlu, jalra, jukni, 

manti, sfani, toldi, bifce 

insert 〈x1 of setca〉 rinci, tisna, punji, jbini, nenri, jmina, 

culno, kunti, catlu 

inserted 〈x2 of setca〉 rinci, tisna, punji, jbini, nenri, 

jmina, culno, kunti, catlu

inserted into isotope 

inserted into 〈x3 of setca〉 rinci, tisna, punji, jbini, 

nenri, jmina, culno, kunti, catlu 

inspiration 〈x4 of finti〉 cmavo list fi’e, ciska, pemci, 

zbasu, larcu, specific works of authorship, prosa, skina 

instructive 〈x4 of cilre〉 ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule 

insure 〈x1 of binra〉 bandu, cirko, betri, basti, bilma 

insured 〈x2 of binra〉 bandu, cirko, betri, basti, bilma 

insured benefit 〈x4 of binra〉 bandu, cirko, betri, basti, 

bilma 

insured risk 〈x3 of binra〉 bandu, cirko, betri, basti, 

bilma 

insurer 〈x1 of binra〉 bandu, cirko, betri, basti, bilma 

intelligent 〈x2 of menli〉 besna, morji, mucti, pensi, 

sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni 

intense property 〈x2 of carmi〉 denmi, gusni, kandi, 

ruble, skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre, cicna, 

crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu 

intense thing 〈x1 of carmi〉 denmi, gusni, kandi, ruble, 

skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, 


interested 〈x2 of cinri〉 zdile, kucli, manci, kurji 

interesting 〈x2 of kucli〉 manci, sisku, se cinri 

interfere 〈x1 of zunti〉 fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, 


interfered with 〈x2 of zunti〉 fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, 

raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, ganlo 

interfering quality 〈x3 of zunti〉 fanta, dicra, fliba, 

fanza, raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, ganlo 

interrupt 〈x1 of dicra〉 zunti, fanza, raktu, denpa 

interrupted 〈x2 of dicra〉 zunti, fanza, raktu, denpa 

interruption 〈x3 of dicra〉 zunti, fanza, raktu, denpa 

intersect 〈x1 of kruca〉 cripu, ragve 

intersected 〈x2 of kruca〉 cripu, ragve 

intersection 〈x3 of kruca〉 cripu, ragve 

intersection locus 〈x3 of kruca〉 cripu, ragve 

interval lasting in hours 〈x1 of cacra〉 junla, mentu, 

snidu, tcika, temci 

intuit 〈x1 of jijnu〉 djuno, facki, jimpe, jinvi, nabmi, 

pensi, sidbo, smadi 

intuition 〈x2 of jijnu〉 djuno, facki, jimpe, jinvi, nabmi, 

pensi, sidbo, smadi 

intuition subject 〈x3 of jijnu〉 djuno, facki, jimpe, jinvi, 

nabmi, pensi, sidbo, smadi 

invent 〈x1 of finti〉 cmavo list fi’e, ciska, pemci, zbasu, 

larcu, specific works of authorship, prosa, skina 

invented 〈x2 of finti〉 cmavo list fi’e, ciska, pemci, zbasu, 


invention purpose 〈x3 of finti〉 cmavo list fi’e, ciska, 

pemci, zbasu, larcu, specific works of authorship, prosa, 

skina 

inventor 〈x1 of finti〉 cmavo list fi’e, ciska, pemci, zbasu, 


invest 〈x1 of zivle〉 prali, canja, jbera, dejni, ponse 

investment 〈x3 of zivle〉 prali, canja, jbera, dejni, ponse 

investment return 〈x4 of zivle〉 prali, canja, jbera, 

dejni, ponse 

investor 〈x1 of zivle〉 prali, canja, jbera, dejni, ponse 

involved in affair 〈x2 of cuntu〉 jikca, srana 

Iraqi 〈x1 of rakso〉 xrabo 

Iraqi aspect 〈x2 of rakso〉 xrabo 

iron 〈x1 of tirse〉 jinme, gasta, molki 

irony 〈x1 of ranxi〉 dukti, frica, cizra 

irony property 〈x3 of ranxi〉 dukti, frica, cizra 

irregular 〈x1 of vitci〉 ranji, rufsu, suksa 

irregularity 〈x2 of vitci〉 ranji, rufsu, suksa 

is characterized 〈x1 of ckaji〉 cmavo list kai, tcaci, tcini 

is hit 〈x2 of darxi〉 bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, tikpa, janli, 

jgari, pencu 

is in order 〈x1 of porsi〉 cmavo list po’i, lidne, liste, 

cmima 

is it 〈x1 of brodu〉 

is moaned 〈x2 of cmoni〉 krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu 

is put 〈x2 of punji〉 cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca 

is sore 〈x2 of cortu〉 cinmo, xrani 

is spread from 〈x3 of preja〉 tcena, kuspe, ranji, fatri, 

muvdu, benji 

is spread to 〈x2 of preja〉 tcena, kuspe, ranji, fatri, 

muvdu, benji 

is ten of 〈x2 of decti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, 

molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, dekto, 



is voiced 〈x2 of bacru〉 krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, voksa, 

pinka 

Islamic 〈x1 of muslo〉 jegvo, lijda 

Islamic aspect 〈x2 of muslo〉 jegvo, lijda 

island 〈x1 of daplu〉 lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, dirgo 

island material 〈x2 of daplu〉 lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, dirgo 

isotope 〈x3 of ratni〉 kantu for a basic unit of a property 

or activity; selci for a basic physical subunit, generally 

of a mass 

143

issue coin label information 

issue coin 〈x2 of sicni〉 fepni, jdini, rupnu 

issue money 〈x2 of jdini〉 fepni, jdima, rupnu, sicni, 

canja, rupnu 

issue passport 〈x3 of jaspu〉 pikta, catni, curmi 

Japanese 〈x1 of ponjo〉 xazdo, daplu 

Japanese aspect 〈x2 of ponjo〉 xazdo, daplu 

jaw 〈x1 of xedja〉 stedu 

jealous 〈x1 of jilra〉 cinmo 

Jehovist 〈x1 of jegvo〉 lijda, muslo, dadjo, xriso 

Jehovist aspect 〈x2 of jegvo〉 lijda, muslo, dadjo, xriso 

jelly 〈x1 of jduli〉 litki, sligu 

jelly composition 〈x2 of jduli〉 litki, sligu 

jet 〈x1 of jetce〉 sputu, vamtu 

jet material 〈x2 of jetce〉 sputu, vamtu 

jet of a rocket 〈x2 of jakne〉 cecla, danti, spoja 

jewel source 〈x3 of jemna〉 kunra, rokci, jadni, dirba, 

kargu, krili, pulji 

jewel type 〈x2 of jemna〉 kunra, rokci, jadni, dirba, 

kargu, krili, pulji 

job 〈x1 of jibri〉 briju, gunka, te jerna which is 





joined 〈x1 of jorne〉 lasna, fenso, kansa, pencu, penmi 

joined at shoulder 〈x2 of janco〉 birka 

joined to 〈x2 of jorne〉 lasna, fenso, kansa, pencu, penmi 

joint 〈x3 of jorne〉 lasna, fenso, kansa, pencu, penmi 

jointly 〈x1 of gunma〉 bende, girzu, pagbu, cmavo list 

loi, lei, lai, ciste, cmima, kansa, tinci 

Jordanian 〈x1 of jordo〉 filso 

Jordanian aspect 〈x2 of jordo〉 filso 

journal 〈x1 of karni〉 papri, pelji, tcidu 

journal subject 〈x2 of karni〉 papri, pelji, tcidu 

judge 〈x1 of pajni〉 cuxna, jdice, vajni, cipra, zekri, 

manri, mansa 

judgement subject 〈x2 of pajni〉 cuxna, jdice, vajni, 

cipra, zekri, manri, mansa 

juice 〈x1 of jisra〉 pinxe, djacu, grute, stagi 

juice source 〈x2 of jisra〉 pinxe, djacu, grute, stagi 

justified 〈x2 of krinu〉 ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se jalge, 

te zukte, cmavo list ki’u, bapli 

keep private 〈x2 of sivni〉 gubni, mipri 

kelvin 〈x1 of kelvo〉 gradu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, 



144 

kelvin standard 〈x3 of kelvo〉 gradu, centi, decti, dekto, 



kept 〈x2 of ralte〉 cirko, rinju, ponse, jgari, pinfu, stali, 

curmi 

kept secret 〈x2 of mipri〉 stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, 

cirko, jarco 

kept secret from 〈x3 of mipri〉 stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, 

cirko, jarco 

key 〈x1 of ckiku〉 stela 

key property 〈x3 of ckiku〉 stela 

kick 〈x1 of tikpa〉 tunta, darxi 

kicked 〈x3 of tikpa〉 tunta, darxi 

kicked locus 〈x3 of tikpa〉 tunta, darxi 

killer 〈x1 of catra〉 morsi, xarci 

killing method 〈x3 of catra〉 morsi, xarci 

kin 〈x2 of tamne〉 dzena, famti, mensi, bruna, tunba 

kind 〈x1 of xendo〉 cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru 

kind behavior 〈x3 of xendo〉 cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru 

kind of chemical 〈x2 of xukmi〉 curve, cidro, marna, 

nimre 

kindling temperature 〈x2 of jelca〉 fagri, kijno, sigja, 

livla, sacki 

kiss 〈x1 of cinba〉 ctebi 

kissed 〈x2 of cinba〉 ctebi 

kisser 〈x1 of cinba〉 ctebi 

knee 〈x1 of cidni〉 korcu, jarco, jganu 

knife 〈x1 of dakfu〉 denci, balre, katna, tunta, forca, 

smuci, kinli 

knife material 〈x3 of dakfu〉 denci, balre, katna, tunta, 

forca, smuci, kinli 

knit 〈x1 of nivji〉 cilta, fenso, jivbu, pijne 

knitted 〈x2 of nivji〉 cilta, fenso, jivbu, pijne 

knitting yarn 〈x3 of nivji〉 cilta, fenso, jivbu, pijne 

knobbed 〈x2 of batke〉 jadni, balji, punji, jgari, lasna 

knobby 〈x2 of batke〉 jadni, balji, punji, jgari, lasna 

knot 〈x1 of jgena〉 pluja, julne, lasna, skori 

knotted 〈x2 of jgena〉 pluja, julne, lasna, skori 

know 〈x2 of slabu〉 clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; not the 

opposite of citno, djuno 

known 〈x2 of djuno〉 know/familiar with: se slabu, na’e 

cnino, na’e fange; cmavo list du’o, cilre, certu, facki, 

jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, 

saske, viska 

label 〈x1 of tcita〉 sinxa, cmene, judri 

label information 〈x3 of tcita〉 sinxa, cmene, judri

labeled lessness margin 

labeled 〈x2 of tcita〉 sinxa, cmene, judri 

lacking 〈x1 of claxu〉 cmavo list cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, 

pindi, banzu 

lake 〈x1 of lalxu〉 daplu, djacu, rirxe, xamsi, zbani 

land 〈x1 of tumla〉 vacri, xamsi; tutra, which need not be 

land, gugde, xamsi 

land location 〈x2 of tumla〉 vacri, xamsi; tutra, which 

need not be land, gugde, xamsi 

land owner 〈x2 of tutra〉 catni, turni, jecta, gugde, 

ponse, steci, tumla 

landlord 〈x2 of tutra〉 catni, turni, jecta, gugde, ponse, 

steci, tumla 

landmass with river 〈x2 of rirxe〉 flecu, senta for most 


naxle 

language 〈x1 of bangu〉 tance, cusku, ve tavla, valsi, 

gerna, jufra, natmi, slaka 

language community 〈x2 of bangu〉 tance, cusku, ve 

tavla, valsi, gerna, jufra, natmi, slaka 

lasts in minutes 〈x1 of mentu〉 junla, cacra, snidu, tcika 

lasts in months 〈x1 of masti〉 detri, djedi, jeftu, nanca 

lasts in weeks 〈x1 of jeftu〉 detri, djedi, masti, nanca 

lasts in years 〈x1 of nanca〉 detri, djedi, jeftu, masti 

late 〈x1 of lerci〉 clira 

lateness standard 〈x2 of lerci〉 clira 

Latin 〈x1 of latmo〉 ropno, fraso, spano, xispo 

Latin aspect 〈x2 of latmo〉 ropno, fraso, spano, xispo 

laugh 〈x1 of cmila〉 ckasu, frumu, xajmi, cisma 

laugher 〈x1 of cmila〉 ckasu, frumu, xajmi, cisma 

launch propulsion 〈x3 of cecla〉 renro, danti, jakne, 

jbama, spoja 

launched 〈x2 of cecla〉 renro, danti, jakne, jbama, spoja 

launcher 〈x1 of cecla〉 renro, danti, jakne, jbama, spoja 

law 〈x1 of flalu〉 javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, tinbe 

layer 〈x1 of senta〉 flecu, nenri, rirxe, sepli, snuji, jbini, 

bitmu, sruri, serti 

layered material 〈x2 of senta〉 flecu, nenri, rirxe, sepli, 

snuji, jbini, bitmu, sruri, serti 

layered structure 〈x3 of senta〉 flecu, nenri, rirxe, sepli, 

snuji, jbini, bitmu, sruri, serti 

lazy 〈x1 of lazni〉 nejni, vreta, gunka 

lead 〈x2 of gidva〉 jitro, ralju, sazri, te bende, jatna, 

fukpi, morna 

lead by 〈x2 of ralju〉 vajni, te bende, minde, lidne, jatna, 

jitro, gidva, midju 

lead crew 〈x3 of bende〉 gunma, girzu, dansu, jatna, 

jitro, kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva 

leader of a team 〈x3 of bende〉 gunma, girzu, dansu, 


leaf 〈x1 of pezli〉 tricu, papri, spati 

leafy 〈x2 of pezli〉 tricu, papri, spati 

leap 〈x1 of plipe〉 bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti 

leap height 〈x4 of plipe〉 bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti 

leaped from 〈x3 of plipe〉 bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti 

leaped to 〈x2 of plipe〉 bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti 

learn 〈x1 of cilre〉 ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule 

learned 〈x2 of cilre〉 ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule 

learner 〈x1 of cilre〉 ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule 

learning method 〈x5 of cilre〉 ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule 

learning source 〈x4 of cilre〉 ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule 

leave 〈x1 of cliva〉 litru. canci, vimcu, lebna, litru, muvdu 

leave waste 〈x2 of festi〉 xaksu, kalci, pinca 

leaved 〈x2 of pezli〉 tricu, papri, spati 

Lebanese 〈x1 of lubno〉 xrabo 

Lebanese aspect 〈x2 of lubno〉 xrabo 

left 〈x2 of pritu〉 cmavo list ri’u, mlana, crane, trixe, 

farna, zunle 

left behind 〈x2 of cliva〉 litru. canci, vimcu, lebna, litru, 

muvdu 

leg 〈x1 of tuple〉 stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli 

legend 〈x3 of tcita〉 sinxa, cmene, judri 

legged 〈x2 of tuple〉 stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli 

legislate 〈x5 of flalu〉 javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, tinbe 

legislature 〈x5 of flalu〉 javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, tinbe 

leguminous plant 〈x2 of dembi〉 grute, sobde, tsiju 

lend 〈x3 of jbera〉 dejni, janta, zivle 

lender 〈x3 of jbera〉 dejni, janta, zivle 

length 〈x2 of tordu〉 cmalu, jarki, caxno, cinla, clani 

length direction 〈x2 of clani〉 slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, 

tordu, barda, ganra, gutci, minli, rotsu 

length standard 〈x3 of clani〉 slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, 

tordu, barda, ganra, gutci, minli, rotsu 

length/width/height in short units 〈x2 of gutci〉 mitre, 

clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, minli, 

merli, bunda, kramu 

lens 〈x1 of lenjo〉 kacma, minra 

lens material 〈x4 of lenjo〉 kacma, minra 

less 〈x2 of zmadu〉 cmavo list mau, mleca, zenba, jmina, 

bancu, dukse, traji 

lessness margin 〈x4 of mleca〉 cmavo list me’a, cmavo 

list su’o, jdika, zmadu, traji 

145

lessness property list medium 

lessness property 〈x3 of mleca〉 cmavo list me’a, cmavo 

list su’o, jdika, zmadu, traji 

let 〈x1 of curmi〉 rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre 

letter 〈x1 of xatra〉 notci, which has places in a different 

order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication 

between author and recipient, and not the content, which 

in a letter may not easily be categorized to a ’subject’; 

ciska, mrilu, papri 

letter addressee 〈x2 of xatra〉 notci, which has places in 

a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the 

communication between author and recipient, and not 

the content, which in a letter may not easily be 

categorized to a ’subject’; ciska, mrilu, papri 

letter author 〈x3 of xatra〉 notci, which has places in a 

different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the 




letter content 〈x4 of xatra〉 notci, which has places in a 





letter-writer 〈x3 of xatra〉 notci, which has places in a 





letteral 〈x1 of lerfu〉 mifra, namcu, sinxa, pandi 

level 〈x1 of pinta〉 sraji, plita, xutla 

lever 〈x1 of vraga〉 tutci, pulni 

lever arm 〈x4 of vraga〉 tutci, pulni 

lever fulcrum 〈x3 of vraga〉 tutci, pulni 

levity 〈x1 of xalbo〉 junri, linto 

levy tax 〈x4 of cteki〉 pleji, flalu, turni 

Libyan 〈x1 of libjo〉 friko, xrabo, muslo 

Libyan aspect 〈x2 of libjo〉 friko, xrabo, muslo 

lid 〈x4 of botpi〉 baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, tanxe, vasru, 

gacri 

lift 〈x1 of lafti〉 farlu, plipe 

lifted 〈x2 of lafti〉 farlu, plipe 

lifting locus 〈x3 of lafti〉 farlu, plipe 

light 〈x1 of gusni〉 dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ctino, 

kantu 

light making shadow 〈x3 of ctino〉 manku, gusni 

146 

light source 〈x3 of gusni〉 dirce, manku, solri, carmi, 

ctino, kantu 

lightning 〈x1 of lindi〉 dikca 

lightning origin 〈x3 of lindi〉 dikca 

lightweight 〈x1 of linto〉 junta, tilju; se xalbo, kandi for 

metaphor 

lightweight standard 〈x2 of linto〉 junta, tilju; se xalbo, 

kandi for metaphor 

like 〈x2 of nelci〉 cinmo, djica, pluka, prami, rigni, 


liked 〈x2 of nelci〉 cinmo, djica, pluka, prami, rigni, 


likelihood condition 〈x2 of lakne〉 cumki, jinzi, kampu, 

tcaci, cunso, cafne, fadni, cnano 

likeliness of hope 〈x3 of pacna〉 djica 

limb stood with 〈x3 of sanli〉 kamju, sraji, tuple, zbepi, 

sarji 

limb with finger 〈x2 of degji〉 nazbi, tamji, tance, xance 

limb with knew 〈x2 of cidni〉 korcu, jarco, jganu 

limb with thumb 〈x2 of tamji〉 degji, tance, xance, jamfu 

limit 〈x1 of jimte〉 cmavo list ji’e, traji, korbi, kuspe, 


limitation property 〈x3 of jimte〉 cmavo list ji’e, traji, 

korbi, kuspe, rinju, bapli, curmi, fanta, jbini 

limited 〈x2 of jimte〉 cmavo list ji’e, traji, korbi, kuspe, 


line 〈x1 of linji〉 kruvi, sirji, jganu, kantu, mokca 

linen 〈x1 of matli〉 bukpu 

lion 〈x1 of cinfo〉 mlatu 

lion species 〈x2 of cinfo〉 mlatu 

lip 〈x1 of ctebi〉 moklu, korbi, cinba 

liquid 〈x1 of litki〉 cilmo, djacu, lumci, runta, pambe, 

sudga, gapci, sligu, flecu, jduli 

liquid composition 〈x2 of litki〉 cilmo, djacu, lumci, 

runta, pambe, sudga, gapci, sligu, flecu, jduli 

liquid dried 〈x2 of sudga〉 cilmo, litki, runta 

liquidity conditions 〈x3 of litki〉 cilmo, djacu, lumci, 

runta, pambe, sudga, gapci, sligu, flecu, jduli 

liquor 〈x1 of jikru〉 barja, vanju, birje, xalka 

liquor source 〈x2 of jikru〉 barja, vanju, birje, xalka 

list 〈x1 of liste〉 porsi, girzu, cmima for mental objects 

wherein order is of varying importance; some manifested 

order is intrinsic to a physical list, but the specific order 

may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful 

list medium 〈x4 of liste〉 porsi, girzu, cmima for mental 

objects wherein order is of varying importance; some

lit lung 




lit 〈x2 of gusni〉 dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ctino, kantu 

liter 〈x1 of litce〉 merli, grake, mitre, dekpu, centi, decti, 



zetro 

liter standard 〈x3 of litce〉 merli, grake, mitre, dekpu, 




live 〈x1 of jmive〉 lifri, morsi, stuzi, zvati, xabju 

liver 〈x1 of livga〉 rango, betfu 

loan 〈x2 of jbera〉 dejni, janta, zivle 

loan period 〈x4 of jbera〉 dejni, janta, zivle 

local 〈x1 of diklo〉 cmavo list di’o, jibni, zvati, cpana, 


local range 〈x3 of diklo〉 cmavo list di’o, jibni, zvati, 

cpana, nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila 

located 〈x2 of stuzi〉 cmavo list tu’i, jmive, diklo, zvati, 

tcini, xabju, jibni, judri, lamji, mokca, stali 

location attended 〈x2 of zvati〉 especially stuzi for an 

inherent/inalienable location, jbini, nenri, se vasru, 

cpana, diklo, jibni, cabna, lamji, tcini, xabju, jmive, 

jundi, vitke 

location of office 〈x3 of briju〉 jibri, gunka 

location that is drained 〈x3 of cokcu〉 panje, sakci, 

lacpu 

lock 〈x2 of ckiku〉 stela 

lock mechanism 〈x3 of stela〉 ckiku 

locked 〈x2 of stela〉 ckiku 

locus 〈x2 of diklo〉 cmavo list di’o, jibni, zvati, cpana, 


lode 〈x3 of kunra〉 jinme, bisli, rokci, jemna 

logarithm 〈x3 of tenfa〉 dugri 

logarithm base 〈x3 of dugri〉 tenfa 

logic 〈x1 of logji〉 nibli 

logic for denial 〈x3 of natfe〉 nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra 

logic system necessitating 〈x3 of nibli〉 natfe, rinka, 

mukti, krinu, cmavo list ni’i, jalge, logji 

logical 〈x2 of logji〉 nibli 

Lojbanic 〈x1 of lojbo〉 bangu, logji 

Lojbanic aspect 〈x2 of lojbo〉 bangu, logji 

long 〈x1 of clani〉 slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, tordu, 

barda, ganra, gutci, minli, rotsu 

looked at 〈x2 of catlu〉 jvinu, minra, simlu, viska, lanli, 


looker 〈x1 of catlu〉 jvinu, minra, simlu, viska, lanli, 


loop 〈x1 of clupa〉 djine 

loop material 〈x2 of clupa〉 djine 

looped 〈x2 of clupa〉 djine 

loose 〈x1 of kluza〉 tagji, trati, rinju 

looseness locus 〈x3 of kluza〉 tagji, trati, rinju 

loot 〈x2 of lebna〉 punji, cpacu where volition or 



cliva 

lose 〈x1 of cirko〉 facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, jinga, pleji, 

canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri 

loser 〈x3 of jinga〉 cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, prali, pleji, 

sfasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, kelci 

losing competitor 〈x3 of jinga〉 cirko, jivna, talsa, 

cnemu, prali, pleji, sfasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, 

kelci 

loss conditions 〈x3 of cirko〉 facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, 

jinga, pleji, canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri 

lost 〈x2 of cirko〉 facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, jinga, pleji, 

canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri 

lotus 〈x1 of latna〉 budjo, censa, lijda, spati 

lotus significance 〈x3 of latna〉 budjo, censa, lijda, spati 

lotus species 〈x2 of latna〉 budjo, censa, lijda, spati 

loud 〈x1 of cladu〉 savru 

loud at point 〈x2 of cladu〉 savru 

loudness standard 〈x3 of cladu〉 savru 

louse 〈x1 of civla〉 cinki, jalra 

louse host 〈x3 of civla〉 cinki, jalra 

louse species 〈x2 of civla〉 cinki, jalra 

love 〈x1 of prami〉 cinmo, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, 


loved 〈x2 of prami〉 cinmo, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, 


low 〈x1 of dizlo〉 cnita, galtu, gapru, farna, loldi 

lowness reference 〈x2 of dizlo〉 cnita, galtu, gapru, 

farna, loldi 

lowness standard 〈x3 of dizlo〉 cnita, galtu, gapru, 

farna, loldi 

luck 〈x1 of funca〉 cunso, mabla, zabna 

lucky 〈x2 of funca〉 cunso, mabla, zabna 

lunar 〈x1 of lunra〉 plini, solri, terdi, mluni 

lung 〈x1 of fepri〉 pambe, vasxu 

147

lure material of match 

lure 〈x4 of xlura〉 djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, tcica, 

xance, stidi, kajde, maksi 

lured 〈x2 of trina〉 djica, nelci, rigni, xlura, maksi 

machine 〈x3 of sazri〉 gidva, xlura, pilno, tutci, jitro, 

gunka 

machine function 〈x2 of minji〉 cabra, matra, tutci, 

zukte, pilno, skami 

made 〈x2 of zbasu〉 cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, gundi 

made from 〈x3 of zbasu〉 cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, gundi 

magenta 〈x1 of nukni〉 skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, 

xunre, zirpu 

magic 〈x1 of makfa〉 krici, manci 

magician 〈x3 of makfa〉 krici, manci 

magnet 〈x1 of maksi〉 dikca, trina, xlura 

magnetic field 〈x2 of maksi〉 dikca, trina, xlura 

mail 〈x1 of mrilu〉 benji [in which the medium need not 

be a 3rd party service/system, and x2 need not consist of 

discrete units], notci, xatra, tcana 

mail carrier 〈x5 of mrilu〉 benji [in which the medium 

need not be a 3rd party service/system, and x2 need not 

consist of discrete units], notci, xatra, tcana 

mail origin 〈x4 of mrilu〉 benji [in which the medium 



mailed 〈x2 of mrilu〉 benji [in which the medium need 

not be a 3rd party service/system, and x2 need not 


maintain park 〈x2 of panka〉 sorcu, zdile, klaji, purdi 

maize 〈x1 of zumri〉 gurni 

maize species 〈x2 of zumri〉 gurni 

make 〈x1 of zbasu〉 cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, gundi 

make artifact 〈x2 of rutni〉 rarna, se zbasu, gundi, slasi 

make ceramic 〈x2 of staku〉 kliti 

make comfortable 〈x2 of kufra〉 cinmo 

make comment 〈x3 of pinka〉 jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, 

bacru, ciska 

make to shake 〈x2 of desku〉 slilu, janbe 

makes noise 〈x2 of sance〉 savru, tirna, voksa, siclu, 

slaka 

Malay-Ind aspect 〈x2 of baxso〉 meljo, bindo 

Malay-Indonesian 〈x1 of baxso〉 meljo, bindo 

Malaysian 〈x1 of meljo〉 baxso, bindo 

Malaysian aspect 〈x2 of meljo〉 baxso, bindo 

male 〈x1 of nakni〉 fetsi, bersa 

male trait 〈x3 of nakni〉 fetsi, bersa 

malfunction 〈x3 of cfila〉 cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane 

148 

malleable 〈x2 of galfi〉 stika for non-resultative, binxo 

for not-necessarily agentive change, cenba for 


mammal 〈x1 of mabru〉 danlu, ladru, tatru, ractu, xanto, 

xarju 

mammal species 〈x2 of mabru〉 danlu, ladru, tatru, 

ractu, xanto, xarju 

man 〈x1 of nanmu〉 ninmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nanla, 

bersa 

manual 〈x1 of macnu〉 zmiku, jitro 

manual conditions 〈x3 of macnu〉 zmiku, jitro 

manual function 〈x2 of macnu〉 zmiku, jitro 

mapped [as a territory] 〈x2 of cartu〉 platu 

mark 〈x1 of barna〉 sinxa, pixra, se ciska, se prina 

mark material 〈x3 of barna〉 sinxa, pixra, se ciska, se 

prina 

marked thing 〈x2 of barna〉 sinxa, pixra, se ciska, se 

prina 

market 〈x1 of zarci〉 vecnu, canja, dinju, banxa 

marketeer 〈x3 of zarci〉 vecnu, canja, dinju, banxa 

married 〈x1 of speni〉 prami, gletu 

married to 〈x2 of speni〉 prami, gletu 

mash 〈x3 of marxa〉 daspo, pesxu, zalvi, bapli 

mashed 〈x2 of marxa〉 daspo, pesxu, zalvi, bapli 

mat 〈x1 of matci〉 kicne, tapla, karda, ckana 

mat material 〈x2 of matci〉 kicne, tapla, karda, ckana 

match 〈x1 of sacki〉 fagri, jelca 

matched 〈x2 of mapti〉 satci, tugni, sarxe, drani, tarmi, 

ckini, mintu 

matched property 〈x3 of mapti〉 satci, tugni, sarxe, 

drani, tarmi, ckini, mintu 

mate 〈x3 of rorci〉 grute, gutra, rirni, se panzi, mamta, 

patfu, tarbi, bersa, ferti, jbena, sovda 

material 〈x1 of marji〉 morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, dacti 

material cleaned away 〈x2 of jinsa〉 lumci, jinru, curve, 

sepli 

material drained 〈x1 of rinci〉 pambe, tisna, setca, flecu, 


material emptied 〈x2 of kunti〉 culno, tisna, claxu, 

canlu, kevna, setca 

material form 〈x3 of marji〉 morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, 

dacti 

material in foam bubble 〈x3 of fonmo〉 zbabu 

material of bottle 〈x3 of botpi〉 baktu, lante, patxu, 

tansi, tanxe, vasru, gacri 

material of match 〈x2 of sacki〉 fagri, jelca

material of sack memory 

material of sack 〈x3 of dakli〉 daski for pouch, bakfu 

material that is in a heap 〈x2 of derxi〉 cmana 

material type 〈x2 of marji〉 morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, 

dacti 

mathematics 〈x1 of cmaci〉 mekso 

mathematics type 〈x2 of cmaci〉 mekso 

matter decided 〈x3 of jdice〉 pajni, cuxna, kanji, manri 

matter deputed 〈x2 of vipsi〉 krati, sidju 

matter forgiven 〈x3 of fraxu〉 dunda, curmi, zungi 

matter of reliance 〈x3 of lacri〉 minde, nitcu, tinbe 

matter represented in 〈x3 of krati〉 cmavo list ka’i, 

jansu, catni, vipsi, pulji 

mature 〈x1 of makcu〉 cifnu, ninmu, verba, banro, farvi, 

nanmu 

mature trait 〈x2 of makcu〉 cifnu, ninmu, verba, banro, 

farvi, nanmu 

meal 〈x1 of sanmi〉 barja, stasu, gusta, sanso 

meal dish 〈x2 of sanmi〉 barja, stasu, gusta, sanso 

meaning 〈x1 of smuni〉 jimpe, sinxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, 


meaning of affix compound 〈x2 of lujvo〉 stura, cmavo, 

gismu, rafsi, smuni 

means 〈x2 of mukti〉 cmavo list mu’i, nibli, te zukte - 

generally better for ’goal’, se jalge, krinu, rinka, ciksi, 

djica, xlura 

means to success 〈x3 of snada〉 fliba, troci, jgira 

measure 〈x2 of gradu〉 ckilu, kantu, kelvo, merli, ranti, 

selci 

measured 〈x2 of merli〉 kancu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, 

gutci, minli, merli, bunda, ckilu, gradu, satci, centi, 

cimde, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, 

kramu, litce, manri, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, 

picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro 

measured by clock 〈x2 of junla〉 cacra, mentu, snidu, 

tcika, temci 

measured by unit 〈x3 of gradu〉 ckilu, kantu, kelvo, 

merli, ranti, selci 

measured in .001’s 〈x2 of milti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 



megdo, mikri, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, 


measured in 001’s 〈x2 of milti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 



megdo, mikri, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, 


measured on scale 〈x2 of ckilu〉 cmavo list ci’u, gradu, 

merli, cimde, manri 

measurement 〈x3 of merli〉 kancu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, 

gutci, minli, merli, bunda, ckilu, gradu, satci, centi, 

cimde, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, 



measurement accuracy 〈x5 of merli〉 kancu, rupnu, 

fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, ckilu, gradu, 

satci, centi, cimde, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, 

kilto, kramu, litce, manri, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, 


measuring scale 〈x4 of merli〉 kancu, rupnu, fepni, 

dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, ckilu, gradu, satci, 

centi, cimde, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, 



meat 〈x1 of rectu〉 sluji 

meat source 〈x2 of rectu〉 sluji 

medical condition 〈x3 of spita〉 bilma, mikce 

medical treatment 〈x4 of mikce〉 bilma, kanro, spita 

medium for vehicle 〈x3 of marce〉 klama, matra, bevri, 

bloti, carce, karce, sabnu, skiji 

medium of transfer 〈x5 of benji〉 muvdu, dunda, mrilu, 

nirna, xruti, cradi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be’i, bevri, 

mrilu, tcana 

meet 〈x1 of penmi〉 jorne, jikca, pencu 

meet firmness 〈x2 of jdari〉 nandu, ralci, randa, ranti, 

tinsa, sligu, stodi 

meeting place 〈x3 of penmi〉 jorne, jikca, pencu 

meeting stiffness 〈x3 of tinsa〉 bapli, jdari, nandu, torni, 

trati, xarnu, danre, stodi 

melon 〈x1 of guzme〉 grute 

melon species 〈x2 of guzme〉 grute 

melt 〈x1 of runme〉 dunja, febvi, lunsa, bisli 

melting point 〈x2 of runme〉 dunja, febvi, lunsa, bisli 

melting pressure 〈x3 of runme〉 dunja, febvi, lunsa, bisli 

member 〈x1 of cmima〉 ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, gunma, 

klesi, cmavo list mei, kampu, lanzu, liste 

membership 〈x3 of girzu〉 bende, ciste, cmima, gunma, 

panra, cabra, cecmu, kansa, klesi, lanzu, liste, vrici 

memory 〈x2 of morji〉 cmavo list ba’anai, menli, pensi, 

sanji, djuno, notci 

149

memory subject modified into 

memory subject 〈x3 of morji〉 cmavo list ba’anai, 

menli, pensi, sanji, djuno, notci 

mentioned 〈x2 of pinka〉 jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, 

bacru, ciska 

mercury 〈x1 of margu〉 jinme 

message 〈x1 of notci〉 xatra, nuzba, mrilu, morji 

message subject 〈x2 of notci〉 xatra, nuzba, mrilu, morji 

met 〈x2 of penmi〉 jorne, jikca, pencu 

metal 〈x1 of jinme〉 cnisa, gasta, lastu, margu, nikle, 

ransu, romge, sodna, tinci, tirse, tunka, zinki, kunra, 

sodva 

metal composition 〈x2 of jinme〉 cnisa, gasta, lastu, 

margu, nikle, ransu, romge, sodna, tinci, tirse, tunka, 

zinki, kunra, sodva 

metaphor of affix compound 〈x4 of lujvo〉 stura, 

cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni 

meter 〈x1 of mitre〉 kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, 

gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, 


meter standard 〈x4 of mitre〉 kilto, centi, decti, dekto, 

femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, 

minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, 

zetro 

meters direction 〈x3 of mitre〉 kilto, centi, decti, dekto, 



zetro 

method 〈x1 of tadji〉 ciste, pruce, zukte, pluta, cmavo list 

tai 

method conditions 〈x3 of tadji〉 ciste, pruce, zukte, 

pluta, cmavo list tai 

MEX 〈x1 of mekso〉 cmaci, dilcu, fancu, frinu, jalge, 

namcu, parbi, pilji 

Mexican 〈x1 of mexno〉 xispo, bemro, spano 

Mexican aspect 〈x2 of mexno〉 xispo, bemro, spano 

middle 〈x1 of midju〉 lanxe, jbini, nutli, snuji, milxe, 

denmi, ralju 

mild 〈x1 of milxe〉 mutce, traji, kandi, ruble, midju, 

nutli, ralci, traji 

mildness property 〈x2 of milxe〉 mutce, traji, kandi, 

ruble, midju, nutli, ralci, traji 

mile 〈x1 of minli〉 mitre, kilto, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, 

rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu 

mile standard 〈x4 of minli〉 mitre, kilto, clani, ganra, 

condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, 

bunda, kramu 

150 

military purpose 〈x3 of bilni〉 jenmi for a military force, 

sonci, ganzu, pulji 

military system 〈x2 of bilni〉 jenmi for a military force, 


milk 〈x1 of ladru〉 lanbi, mabru, tatru, cirla, kruji 

milk source 〈x2 of ladru〉 lanbi, mabru, tatru, cirla, kruji 

mill 〈x1 of molki〉 gasta, gurni, tirse, fanri, zalvi 

mill location 〈x4 of molki〉 gasta, gurni, tirse, fanri, 

zalvi 

mill process 〈x2 of molki〉 gasta, gurni, tirse, fanri, zalvi 

millet 〈x1 of cunmi〉 gurni 

millet species 〈x2 of cunmi〉 gurni 

mind 〈x1 of menli〉 besna, morji, mucti, pensi, sanji, 

xanri, sevzi, xadni 

mineral 〈x1 of kunra〉 jinme, bisli, rokci, jemna 

mineral source 〈x3 of kunra〉 jinme, bisli, rokci, jemna 

mineral type 〈x2 of kunra〉 jinme, bisli, rokci, jemna 

minuend 〈x3 of vimcu〉 lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, 

cliva, jdika 

minute 〈x1 of mentu〉 junla, cacra, snidu, tcika 

minute standard 〈x3 of mentu〉 junla, cacra, snidu, 

tcika 

miracle-worker 〈x3 of makfa〉 krici, manci 

miscellaneous 〈x1 of vrici〉 klesi, girzu, frica, simsa, 

panra 

missile 〈x2 of cecla〉 renro, danti, jakne, jbama, spoja 

missing 〈x2 of claxu〉 cmavo list cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, 

pindi, banzu 

mistake 〈x2 of srera〉 drani, which is non-agentive, cfila, 

fliba 

mixed 〈x2 of jicla〉 fanza, tunta, mixre 

mixed in 〈x2 of mixre〉 salta, te runta, stasu, jicla, sanso 

mixer 〈x1 of jicla〉 fanza, tunta, mixre 

mixture 〈x1 of mixre〉 salta, te runta, stasu, jicla, sanso 

moan 〈x2 of cmoni〉 krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu 

moan (v) 〈x1 of cmoni〉 krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu 

moaner 〈x1 of cmoni〉 krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu 

model 〈x2 of pixra〉 ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barna, 

skina 

modified 〈x3 of tanru〉 gismu, smuni 

modified from 〈x2 of galfi〉 stika for non-resultative, 

binxo for not-necessarily agentive change, cenba for 


modified into 〈x3 of galfi〉 stika for non-resultative, 

binxo for not-necessarily agentive change, cenba for 

non-resultative change; zasni

modifier music for dancing 

modifier 〈x2 of tanru〉 gismu, smuni 

modify 〈x1 of galfi〉 stika for non-resultative, binxo for 

not-necessarily agentive change, cenba for 


modulus 〈x3 of dilcu〉 frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso 

moisture 〈x2 of cilmo〉 litki, lunsa, sudga 

mold 〈x1 of mledi〉 clika 

mold on 〈x3 of mledi〉 clika 

mold species 〈x2 of mledi〉 clika 

molding force 〈x2 of ranti〉 ralci, jdari, lakse, randa, 

gradu 

molds 〈x2 of ranti〉 ralci, jdari, lakse, randa, gradu 

moldy 〈x3 of mledi〉 clika 

mole 〈x1 of molro〉 centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, 



mole standard 〈x3 of molro〉 centi, decti, dekto, femti, 



money 〈x1 of jdini〉 fepni, jdima, rupnu, sicni, canja, 

rupnu 

money system 〈x3 of rupnu〉 jdini, sicni, jdima, vecnu, 

fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu 

money system of cent 〈x3 of fepni〉 sicni, jdini, jdima, 

vecnu, rupnu, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu 

monkey 〈x1 of smani〉 mabru, danlu 

monkey species 〈x2 of smani〉 mabru, danlu 

month 〈x1 of masti〉 detri, djedi, jeftu, nanca 

month standard 〈x3 of masti〉 detri, djedi, jeftu, nanca 

moon primary 〈x2 of lunra〉 plini, solri, terdi, mluni 

morality conditions 〈x3 of marde〉 palci, vrude, lijda, 

manri, javni, tarti, zekri 

morals 〈x1 of marde〉 palci, vrude, lijda, manri, javni, 

tarti, zekri 

more 〈x1 of zmadu〉 cmavo list mau, mleca, zenba, 


moreness margin 〈x4 of zmadu〉 cmavo list mau, mleca, 

zenba, jmina, bancu, dukse, traji 

moreness property 〈x3 of zmadu〉 cmavo list mau, 

mleca, zenba, jmina, bancu, dukse, traji 

morning 〈x1 of cerni〉 vanci, murse, tcika 

morning location 〈x3 of cerni〉 vanci, murse, tcika 

Moroccan 〈x1 of morko〉 friko, xrabo, muslo 

Moroccan aspect 〈x2 of morko〉 friko, xrabo, muslo 

mortifying 〈x2 of ckeji〉 cinmo 

moss species 〈x2 of clika〉 mledi 

mossy 〈x3 of clika〉 mledi 

mother 〈x2 of tarbi〉 gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, rorci, 

tsiju, grute 

mothered 〈x2 of mamta〉 patfu, sovda, rirni, rorci, tarbi, 

famti, bersa, jbena 

motivated 〈x2 of mukti〉 cmavo list mu’i, nibli, te zukte - 


djica, xlura 

motive 〈x1 of mukti〉 cmavo list mu’i, nibli, te zukte - 


djica, xlura 

motor 〈x1 of matra〉 marce, minji, carce 

motorized 〈x2 of matra〉 marce, minji, carce 

mountain 〈x1 of cmana〉 punli, derxi 

mountainous 〈x2 of cmana〉 punli, derxi 

mouse 〈x1 of smacu〉 ratcu 

mouse species 〈x2 of smacu〉 ratcu 

mouth 〈x1 of moklu〉 ctebi, denci, tance 

mouth of a river 〈x4 of rirxe〉 flecu, senta for most 


naxle 

move destination 〈x2 of muvdu〉 rinci, klama (which 

differs in that the means of motion is explicit 

move origin 〈x3 of muvdu〉 rinci, klama (which differs 

in that the means of motion is explicit 

move path 〈x4 of muvdu〉 rinci, klama (which differs in 

that the means of motion is explicit 

moving 〈x3 of cinmo〉 cmavo list ci’o, cumla, jilra, nelci, 

xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, manci, prami, 

steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki 

much 〈x1 of mutce〉 milxe, traji, banli, carmi, nutli, traji 

muchness direction 〈x3 of mutce〉 milxe, traji, banli, 

carmi, nutli, traji 

muchness property 〈x2 of mutce〉 milxe, traji, banli, 

carmi, nutli, traji 

multiple 〈x1 of pilji〉 mekso, sumji, rapli, jalge 

multiplicand 〈x3 of pilji〉 mekso, sumji, rapli, jalge 

multiplier 〈x3 of pilji〉 mekso, sumji, rapli, jalge 

murdered 〈x2 of catra〉 morsi, xarci 

muscle 〈x1 of sluji〉 rectu, xadni, zajba 

muscular 〈x3 of sluji〉 rectu, xadni, zajba 

museum 〈x1 of muzga〉 citri 

museum location 〈x3 of muzga〉 citri 

music 〈x1 of zgike〉 damri, dansu, flani, janbe, jgita, 

pipno, rilti, tabra, tonga, xagri, siclu 

music for dancing 〈x2 of dansu〉 bende, zgike, zajba 

151

mutual north 

mutual 〈x1 of simxu〉 kampu, mintu 

myth 〈x1 of ranmi〉 lijda, lisri, crida 

myth subject 〈x2 of ranmi〉 lijda, lisri, crida 

mythical 〈x2 of ranmi〉 lijda, lisri, crida 

mythology 〈x3 of ranmi〉 lijda, lisri, crida 

mythos 〈x3 of ranmi〉 lijda, lisri, crida 

nail 〈x1 of dinko〉 pijne, lasna 

nail material 〈x3 of dinko〉 pijne, lasna 

nail type 〈x2 of dinko〉 pijne, lasna 

name 〈x1 of cmene〉 cmavo list me’e, gismu, tcita, valsi, 

judri 

named 〈x2 of cmene〉 cmavo list me’e, gismu, tcita, 

valsi, judri 

namer 〈x3 of cmene〉 cmavo list me’e, gismu, tcita, 

valsi, judri 

names 〈x3 of cmene〉 cmavo list me’e, gismu, tcita, valsi, 

judri 

narrow 〈x1 of jarki〉 caxno, cinla, tordu, tagji, cinla, 

cmalu 

narrow dimension 〈x2 of jarki〉 caxno, cinla, tordu, 

tagji, cinla, cmalu 

narrowness standard 〈x3 of jarki〉 caxno, cinla, tordu, 

tagji, cinla, cmalu 

nation 〈x1 of natmi〉 jecta, kulnu, lanzu, gugde, bangu, 

cecmu 

natural 〈x1 of rarna〉 rutni, jinzi, nurma, stati 

near 〈x1 of jibni〉 darno, nenri, vanbi, jbini, lamji, zvati, 

cpana, bartu, diklo, stuzi 

nearness property 〈x3 of jibni〉 darno, nenri, vanbi, 

jbini, lamji, zvati, cpana, bartu, diklo, stuzi 

necessary 〈x2 of nitcu〉 banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, xebni, 

sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji 

necessitate 〈x1 of nibli〉 natfe, rinka, mukti, krinu, 

cmavo list ni’i, jalge, logji 

necessitated 〈x2 of nibli〉 natfe, rinka, mukti, krinu, 

cmavo list ni’i, jalge, logji 

necessitating 〈x2 of sarcu〉 cmavo list sau, nitcu 

necessity conditions 〈x3 of sarcu〉 cmavo list sau, nitcu 

neck 〈x1 of cnebo〉 galxe, cutne 

necked 〈x2 of cnebo〉 galxe, cutne 

need 〈x1 of nitcu〉 banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, xebni, 


needed 〈x2 of nitcu〉 banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, xebni, 


needle 〈x1 of jesni〉 konju, pijne, jipno, kinli 

needle material 〈x2 of jesni〉 konju, pijne, jipno, kinli 

152 

neighbored 〈x2 of lamji〉 zvati, cpana, jibni, diklo, stuzi, 

bartu, jbini 

neon 〈x1 of navni〉 xukmi, gapci 

nephew 〈x2 of famti〉 bruna, mamta, mensi, patfu, rirni, 

tamne 

nerve 〈x1 of nirna〉 ve benji 

nervous 〈x1 of xanka〉 xalni, terpa, raktu 

nervousness condition 〈x3 of xanka〉 xalni, terpa, raktu 

nest 〈x1 of zdani〉 dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju 

net 〈x1 of julne〉 komcu, ciste, jgena 

net property 〈x4 of julne〉 komcu, ciste, jgena 

neutral 〈x1 of nutli〉 midju, lanxe, milxe, mutce, cmavo 

list no’e 

new thing 〈x1 of cnino〉 nuzba, slabu, citno, se djuno 

newness property 〈x3 of cnino〉 nuzba, slabu, citno, se 

djuno 

newness standard 〈x4 of cnino〉 nuzba, slabu, citno, se 

djuno 

news 〈x1 of nuzba〉 cnino, notci 

news source 〈x3 of nuzba〉 cnino, notci 

news subject 〈x2 of nuzba〉 cnino, notci 

next door 〈x3 of korbi〉 cmavo list koi, greku, mlana, 

jimte, ctebi, bartu 

nickel 〈x1 of nikle〉 jinme 

niece 〈x2 of famti〉 bruna, mamta, mensi, patfu, rirni, 

tamne 

night 〈x1 of nicte〉 donri, djedi, tcika 

night location 〈x3 of nicte〉 donri, djedi, tcika 

nitrogen 〈x1 of trano〉 vacri 

nobility standard 〈x2 of nobli〉 banli 

noble 〈x1 of nobli〉 banli 

noise 〈x2 of tirna〉 kerlo, sance, smaji, savru, voksa, 

ganse, zgana 

noise channel 〈x3 of savru〉 sance, cladu, kerlo, smaji, 

tirna, siclu 

noise heard against 〈x3 of tirna〉 kerlo, sance, smaji, 


non-negotiable 〈x2 of xarnu〉 tinsa, pante, bapli, fapro 

non-specific many 〈x3 of steci〉 srana, se ponse, ckini, 

tcila, tutra 

norm 〈x1 of cnano〉 tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, tarti, 

rirci 

norm standard 〈x4 of cnano〉 tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, 

tarti, rirci 

north 〈x2 of snanu〉 berti, stuna, stici, farna

North American object of gratitude 

North American 〈x1 of bemro〉 merko, kadno, xispo, 

mexno 

North American aspect 〈x2 of bemro〉 merko, kadno, 

xispo, mexno 

nose 〈x1 of nazbi〉 degji, panci, sumne, tance 

nostril 〈x3 of nazbi〉 degji, panci, sumne, tance 

not accessible 〈x2 of ganlo〉 kalri, pagre, canko, vorme, 

zunti 

not as organized 〈x2 of ganzu〉 ciste, morna, stura, 

bilni, cabra 

not expecting 〈x2 of ranxi〉 dukti, frica, cizra 

not intend 〈x2 of snuti〉 zukte, cunso 

noted 〈x2 of zgana〉 cmavo list ga’a, ganse, viska, catlu, 

tirna, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, jarco, lanli, 

pinka, simlu 

noticed 〈x2 of sanji〉 menli, morji, ganse, sipna, cikna 

nourished 〈x2 of cidja〉 citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina 

now 〈x1 of cabna〉 zvati, balvi, purci, cmavo list ca, 

cmavo list ca’a 

number 〈x1 of namcu〉 lerfu, mekso, klani 

number counted 〈x3 of kancu〉 kanji, satci, merli 

number of acres 〈x2 of kramu〉 rupnu, fepni, dekpu, 

gutci, minli, merli, bunda 

number of candelas 〈x2 of delno〉 centi, decti, dekto, 



number of cents 〈x2 of fepni〉 sicni, jdini, jdima, vecnu, 

rupnu, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu 

number of cubits 〈x2 of gutci〉 mitre, clani, ganra, 

condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, minli, merli, bunda, 

kramu 

number of full days 〈x2 of djedi〉 donri, detri, jeftu, 

masti, nanca, nicte, tcika 

number of gallons 〈x2 of dekpu〉 canlu, litce, rupnu, 

fepni, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu 

number of grams 〈x2 of grake〉 junta, kilto, bunda, 

centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, litce, 



number of hours 〈x2 of cacra〉 junla, mentu, snidu, 

tcika, temci 

number of kelvins 〈x2 of kelvo〉 gradu, centi, decti, 



zetro 

number of liters 〈x2 of litce〉 merli, grake, mitre, dekpu, 




number of meters 〈x2 of mitre〉 kilto, centi, decti, dekto, 



zetro 

number of miles 〈x2 of minli〉 mitre, kilto, clani, ganra, 


bunda, kramu 

number of minutes 〈x2 of mentu〉 junla, cacra, snidu, 

tcika 

number of moles 〈x2 of molro〉 centi, decti, dekto, femti, 



number of months 〈x2 of masti〉 detri, djedi, jeftu, 

nanca 

number of pounds 〈x2 of bunda〉 grake, junta, tilju, 


number of recurrence 〈x3 of krefu〉 fukpi, rapli, cafne, 

fasnu, xruti 

number of weeks 〈x2 of jeftu〉 detri, djedi, masti, nanca 

number of years 〈x2 of nanca〉 detri, djedi, jeftu, masti 

numerator 〈x2 of frinu〉 parbi, dilcu, mekso, fendi 

nut 〈x1 of narge〉 grute, stagi, jbari, midju 

nut kernel 〈x4 of narge〉 grute, stagi, jbari, midju 

nut shell 〈x3 of narge〉 grute, stagi, jbari, midju 

oak 〈x1 of cindu〉 tricu 

oak species 〈x2 of cindu〉 tricu 

oats 〈x1 of mavji〉 gurni 

oats species 〈x2 of mavji〉 gurni 

obey 〈x1 of tinbe〉 minde, lacri, javni, flalu, zekri 

obeyed 〈x2 of tinbe〉 minde, lacri, javni, flalu, zekri 

object 〈x1 of dacti〉 marji, xanri 

object of anger 〈x2 of fengu〉 fanza, dunku 

object of consciousness 〈x2 of sanji〉 menli, morji, 

ganse, sipna, cikna 

object of cruelty 〈x2 of kusru〉 xendo, jursa 

object of curiosity 〈x2 of kucli〉 manci, sisku, se cinri 

object of emotion 〈x3 of cinmo〉 cmavo list ci’o, cumla, 

jilra, nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, manci, 


object of frustration 〈x2 of steba〉 cinmo 

object of gratitude 〈x3 of ckire〉 cinmo, friti, pluka 

153

object of guilt operate school 

object of guilt 〈x2 of zungi〉 cmavo list .u’u, cinmo, 

xenru, zekri 

object of happiness 〈x2 of gleki〉 badri, cinmo 

object of humility 〈x2 of cumla〉 cinmo, jgira 

object of hunger 〈x2 of xagji〉 cidja, citka, djica, nitcu, 

taske 

object of jealousy 〈x2 of jilra〉 cinmo 

object of kindness 〈x2 of xendo〉 cinmo, kecti, pendo, 

kusru 

object of levity 〈x2 of xalbo〉 junri, linto 

object of nervousness 〈x2 of xanka〉 xalni, terpa, raktu 

object of panic 〈x2 of xalni〉 ckape, snura, terpa, xanka 

object of pity 〈x2 of kecti〉 cinmo, xendo 

object of pride 〈x2 of jgira〉 cinmo, cumla, sevzi, sinma, 

snada 

object of protest 〈x2 of pante〉 xarnu 

object of sadness 〈x2 of badri〉 klaku, gleki, betri, 

cinmo, junri 

object of stubbornness 〈x2 of xarnu〉 tinsa, pante, bapli, 

fapro 

object of thirst 〈x2 of taske〉 nitcu, djica, xagji, pinxe 

object of thought 〈x2 of pensi〉 cmavo list pe’i, jijnu, 

menli, morji, sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, 

saske, skami 

object of wisdom 〈x2 of prije〉 bebna 

object of wonder 〈x2 of manci〉 cinmo, makfa, kucli, 

spaji, cinri, banli, sisku 

object with blade 〈x2 of balre〉 dakfu, tunta, tutci, 

guska, kinli, katna 

object/location holding charge 〈x2 of dikca〉 lindi, 

xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana 

obligation 〈x2 of bilga〉 zifre, fuzme 

obligation standard 〈x3 of bilga〉 zifre, fuzme 

observe 〈x1 of zgana〉 cmavo list ga’a, ganse, viska, 

catlu, tirna, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, jarco, 

lanli, pinka, simlu 

observe sign 〈x3 of sinxa〉 lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, 

smuni 

observed 〈x2 of tinbe〉 minde, lacri, javni, flalu, zekri 

observer of intense thing 〈x3 of carmi〉 denmi, gusni, 

kandi, ruble, skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre, 

cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, 

zirpu 

observing conditions 〈x4 of zgana〉 cmavo list ga’a, 

ganse, viska, catlu, tirna, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, 

catlu, jarco, lanli, pinka, simlu 

154 

observing sense 〈x3 of zgana〉 cmavo list ga’a, ganse, 

viska, catlu, tirna, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, 

jarco, lanli, pinka, simlu 

occupy space 〈x2 of canlu〉 kensa, bliku, kumfa, kevna, 

kunti, tubnu, dekpu 

odor 〈x2 of sumne〉 nazbi, panci, cpina, ganse, zgana 

odorous 〈x2 of panci〉 nazbi, sumne, cpina 

offer 〈x1 of friti〉 canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, jdima, 

cnemu, pleji, vitke 

offer conditions 〈x4 of friti〉 canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, 

jdima, cnemu, pleji, vitke 

offered 〈x2 of friti〉 canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, jdima, 

cnemu, pleji, vitke 

office 〈x1 of briju〉 jibri, gunka 

office worker 〈x2 of briju〉 jibri, gunka 

offspring 〈x1 of panzi〉 grute, verba, bersa, tixnu, se 

rorci, patfu 

offspring parent 〈x2 of panzi〉 grute, verba, bersa, 

tixnu, se rorci, patfu 

offsprint 〈x2 of patfu〉 mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, 


often 〈x1 of cafne〉 rirci, fadni, kampu, rapli, krefu, 

lakne, cmavo list piso’iroi and similar compounds 

oftenness standard 〈x2 of cafne〉 rirci, fadni, kampu, 

rapli, krefu, lakne, cmavo list piso’iroi and similar 

compounds 

on bed 〈x3 of ckana〉 kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, 

vreta, jubme, stizu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji 

on stage 〈x3 of tsina〉 greku, jubme 

one who can eat food 〈x2 of cidja〉 citka, nitcu, pinxe, 

xagji, cpina 

one who is ashamed 〈x1 of ckeji〉 cinmo 

one who is awake 〈x1 of cikna〉 sanji, sipna, tatpi 

one who is ill 〈x1 of bilma〉 kanro, mikce, spita, senci, 

kafke, binra 

one who is obliged 〈x1 of bilga〉 zifre, fuzme 

onion 〈x1 of sluni〉 stagi 

onion species 〈x2 of sluni〉 stagi 

oops 〈x2 of snuti〉 zukte, cunso 

open 〈x1 of kalri〉 ganlo, pagre, canko, vorme 

open onto 〈x3 of vorme〉 canko, ganlo, kalri, murta, 

pagre, bitmu, kuspe 

operate 〈x1 of sazri〉 gidva, xlura, pilno, tutci, jitro, 

gunka 

operate hotel 〈x3 of xotli〉 barja, gusta 

operate school 〈x5 of ckule〉 cilre, ctuca, tadni

operated pain 

operated 〈x2 of sazri〉 gidva, xlura, pilno, tutci, jitro, 

gunka 

operating goal 〈x3 of sazri〉 gidva, xlura, pilno, tutci, 

jitro, gunka 

opine 〈x1 of jinvi〉 cmavo list pe’i, ciksi, jijnu, nabmi, 

pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, pinka 

opinion 〈x2 of jinvi〉 cmavo list pe’i, ciksi, jijnu, nabmi, 

pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, pinka 

opinion subject 〈x3 of jinvi〉 cmavo list pe’i, ciksi, jijnu, 

nabmi, pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, pinka 

opponent 〈x2 of fapro〉 bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, 

jivna, lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu 

opponent in fight 〈x2 of damba〉 bradi, gunta, talsa, 

darlu, fapro, jamna, sonci 

opponent in war 〈x2 of jamna〉 bradi, gunta, panpi, 

damba, darlu 

opposed 〈x2 of fapro〉 bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, jivna, 

lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu 

opposes 〈x2 of bradi〉 damba, jamna, darlu, pendo, 

fapro, gunta, sarji, jivna, jinga 

opposite 〈x1 of dukti〉 ranxi, ragve, fatne 

opposor 〈x1 of fapro〉 bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, jivna, 

lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu 

orange 〈x1 of narju〉 skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, 

xunre, pelxu, solji 

orbital parameters 〈x3 of plini〉 lunra, mluni, terdi, 

solri, munje 

ordeal 〈x2 of renvi〉 ranji, kuspe, randa, lifri, stali, temci 

order of a list 〈x3 of liste〉 porsi, girzu, cmima for 

mental objects wherein order is of varying importance; 

some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical list, but 

the specific order may be incidental and not 


ordering rule 〈x2 of porsi〉 cmavo list po’i, lidne, liste, 

cmima 

orderliness property 〈x2 of cnici〉 cunso, kalsa 

orderly 〈x1 of cnici〉 cunso, kalsa 

ordinariness 〈x2 of fadni〉 cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, 

tcaci, cnano 

ordinary 〈x1 of fadni〉 cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, tcaci, 

cnano 

organ 〈x1 of rango〉 besna, livga 

organ function 〈x3 of rango〉 besna, livga 

organism with seed 〈x2 of tsiju〉 tarbi, dembi, grute, 

jbari, sombo, spati, sovda 

organize 〈x1 of ganzu〉 ciste, morna, stura, bilni, cabra 

organized 〈x2 of stura〉 ganzu, morna, ciste, lujvo, 

greku, gerna 

organizing principle 〈x4 of ganzu〉 ciste, morna, stura, 

bilni, cabra 

orifice coughed from 〈x3 of kafke〉 bilma, senci, sputu, 

vamtu 

orifice with lip 〈x2 of ctebi〉 moklu, korbi, cinba 

oscillate 〈x1 of slilu〉 dikni, rilti, morna, desku, janbe, 

boxna 

oscillation frequency 〈x2 of slilu〉 dikni, rilti, morna, 

desku, janbe, boxna 

oscillation state 〈x3 of slilu〉 dikni, rilti, morna, desku, 

janbe, boxna 

other 〈x1 of drata〉 mintu, frica 

other than 〈x2 of drata〉 mintu, frica 

otherness standard 〈x3 of drata〉 mintu, frica 

out 〈x1 of bartu〉 jibni, nenri, sruri, lamji, korbi, calku, 

vasru 

outer space 〈x1 of kensa〉 canlu, munje, terdi, tsani 

outer space region 〈x2 of kensa〉 canlu, munje, terdi, 

tsani 

oven 〈x1 of toknu〉 nanba 

over 〈x2 of cnita〉 dizlo, gapru, galtu, farna, loldi 

overrun 〈x2 of preja〉 tcena, kuspe, ranji, fatri, muvdu, 

benji 

ovulate 〈x2 of sovda〉 ganti, gutra, mamta, patfu, rorci, 

tsiju, lanbi, tarbi; also djine, konju for shape, tarbi 

owe 〈x1 of dejni〉 jbera, janta, zivle 

owed 〈x2 of dejni〉 jbera, janta, zivle 

owned 〈x2 of ponse〉 ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, tutra, 

turni, zivle 

oxygen 〈x1 of kijno〉 jelca, vacri, vasxu 

packaged 〈x2 of bakfu〉 daski, dakli, tanxe 

packaging 〈x3 of bakfu〉 daski, dakli, tanxe 

padded 〈x2 of kicne〉 ckana, matci 

page 〈x1 of papri〉 karni, pelji, prina, xatra, vreji, pezli, 

cukta, ciska 

paid 〈x3 of pleji〉 canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, 

jdima, prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda, jinga, dapma; see note 

at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, cirko, dirba 

paid for 〈x4 of pleji〉 canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, 



paid work 〈x3 of jerna〉 jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, 


pain 〈x1 of cortu〉 cinmo, xrani 

155

pain locus pen using ink 

pain locus 〈x2 of cortu〉 cinmo, xrani 

paint 〈x1 of cinta〉 pixra, skari 

paint base 〈x3 of cinta〉 pixra, skari 

paint pigment 〈x2 of cinta〉 pixra, skari 

Pakistani 〈x1 of kisto〉 xurdo 

Pakistani aspect 〈x2 of kisto〉 xurdo 

Palestinian 〈x1 of filso〉 jordo, xebro 

Palestinian aspect 〈x2 of filso〉 jordo, xebro 

pan 〈x1 of tansi〉 baktu, palne, palta, patxu, kabri for a 

bowl that is normally lifted for use, botpi 

pan contents 〈x2 of tansi〉 baktu, palne, palta, patxu, 

kabri for a bowl that is normally lifted for use, botpi 

pan material 〈x3 of tansi〉 baktu, palne, palta, patxu, 

kabri for a bowl that is normally lifted for use, botpi 

panic 〈x1 of xalni〉 ckape, snura, terpa, xanka 

pants 〈x1 of palku〉 taxfu, pastu, skaci 

pants material 〈x2 of palku〉 taxfu, pastu, skaci 

paper 〈x1 of pelji〉 karni, papri, prina 

paper source 〈x2 of pelji〉 karni, papri, prina 

parallel 〈x1 of panra〉 cmavo list pa’a, mintu, simsa, 

girzu, vrici 

paralleled 〈x2 of panra〉 cmavo list pa’a, mintu, simsa, 

girzu, vrici 

parallelism property 〈x3 of panra〉 cmavo list pa’a, 

mintu, simsa, girzu, vrici 

parallelism standard 〈x4 of panra〉 cmavo list pa’a, 

mintu, simsa, girzu, vrici 

parasite host 〈x3 of civla〉 cinki, jalra 

parent 〈x2 of jbena〉 fange, gutra, rorci, mamta, salci, 

citsi 

parent of son 〈x2 of bersa〉 verba, nanla, nakni, nanmu, 

patfu, mamta, bruna, rirni, rorci, panzi, tixnu 

parish 〈x3 of malsi〉 cevni, krici, lijda, ritli 

park 〈x1 of panka〉 sorcu, zdile, klaji, purdi 

park purpose 〈x3 of panka〉 sorcu, zdile, klaji, purdi 

part 〈x1 of pagbu〉 cmavo list pa’u, mulno, xadba, spisa, 

gunma, rafsi 

part of 〈x2 of pagbu〉 cmavo list pa’u, mulno, xadba, 

spisa, gunma, rafsi 

partitioned 〈x2 of fendi〉 sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna, 

frinu 

party 〈x3 of salci〉 sinma, jbena 

pass through 〈x1 of pagre〉 bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, 

vorme, pluta, canko, ragve 

pass through net 〈x2 of julne〉 komcu, ciste, jgena 

156 

passed from 〈x4 of pagre〉 bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, 


passed through 〈x2 of pagre〉 bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, 


passed to 〈x3 of pagre〉 bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, 


passport 〈x1 of jaspu〉 pikta, catni, curmi 

past 〈x1 of purci〉 lidne, balvi, cabna, farna 

paste 〈x1 of pesxu〉 marxa, kliti, tarla 

paste composition 〈x2 of pesxu〉 marxa, kliti, tarla 

patient 〈x2 of mikce〉 bilma, kanro, spita 

patrons of a bar 〈x3 of barja〉 gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, 


pattern 〈x1 of morna〉 ciste, ganzu, marji, slilu, stura, 

tarmi, boxna, cimde, gidva, jimpe, rilti 

patterned 〈x2 of morna〉 ciste, ganzu, marji, slilu, stura, 

tarmi, boxna, cimde, gidva, jimpe, rilti 

paused activity 〈x4 of denpa〉 dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, 

pandi 

pay 〈x2 of jerna〉 jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, jdima, 

jinga, prali, sfasa, janta, kargu, vamji 

pay price 〈x3 of jdima〉 canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, 

pleji, dapma, vamji for ’value’, ve vecnu for ’cost’, 

canja, fepni, jerna, jinga, pleji, prali, rupnu, sfasa, vamji 

payee 〈x3 of pleji〉 canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, 



payload of a rocket 〈x3 of jakne〉 cecla, danti, spoja 

payment 〈x2 of pleji〉 canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, 



payor 〈x1 of pleji〉 canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, 



peace 〈x1 of panpi〉 jamna; use sarxe, smaji, tugni for 

most metaphorical extensions, cilce, jamna 

pear 〈x1 of perli〉 grute 

pear species 〈x2 of perli〉 grute 

pedal 〈x2 of stapa〉 bajra, plipe, cadzu, serti 

pedestal 〈x1 of zbepi〉 jamfu, jicmu, jubme, tuple, ckana, 

cpana, loldi, sanli 

pedestal material 〈x3 of zbepi〉 jamfu, jicmu, jubme, 

tuple, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli 

pelt 〈x1 of skapi〉 pilka, calku, kerfa 

pen 〈x1 of penbi〉 ciska, pinsi, xinmo, pimlu 

pen using ink 〈x3 of xinmo〉 penbi

pencil pitiful 

pencil 〈x1 of pinsi〉 ciska, penbi (unlike the English 

equivalents, pinsi is the more general term over penbi 

pencil covering 〈x3 of pinsi〉 ciska, penbi (unlike the 

English equivalents, pinsi is the more general term over 

penbi 

pencil lead 〈x2 of pinsi〉 ciska, penbi (unlike the English 

equivalents, pinsi is the more general term over penbi 

penis 〈x1 of pinji〉 cinse, gletu, vibna, plibu, vlagi, 

mabla, ganti 

people of country 〈x2 of gugde〉 turni, natmi, jecta, 

tumla, tutra, lanci 

people of nation 〈x2 of natmi〉 jecta, kulnu, lanzu, 

gugde, bangu, cecmu 

people with language 〈x2 of bangu〉 tance, cusku, ve 

tavla, valsi, gerna, jufra, natmi, slaka 

perceive 〈x1 of ganse〉 pencu, sanji, viska, sumne, tirna, 

zgana, canci, simlu 

perceive as alien 〈x3 of fange〉 cizra, jbena, ckini 

perceive color 〈x3 of skari〉 blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, 

crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu, carmi, 

kandi, xekri, blabi 

perceive meaning 〈x3 of smuni〉 jimpe, sinxa, valsi, 

tanru, gismu, lujvo, cmavo, jufra 

perfect 〈x1 of prane〉 manfo, curve, traji, cfila, mulno 

perfection property 〈x2 of prane〉 manfo, curve, traji, 

cfila, mulno 

perform 〈x1 of tigni〉 jarco 

perform music 〈x2 of zgike〉 damri, dansu, flani, janbe, 

jgita, pipno, rilti, tabra, tonga, xagri, siclu 

performance 〈x2 of tigni〉 jarco 

performance audience 〈x3 of tigni〉 jarco 

performed 〈x2 of tigni〉 jarco 

perfumed 〈x2 of panci〉 nazbi, sumne, cpina 

peril 〈x1 of ckape〉 te bandu, te kajde, te marbi, se snura, 

se xalni 

peril conditions 〈x3 of ckape〉 te bandu, te kajde, te 

marbi, se snura, se xalni 

permanence property 〈x2 of vitno〉 stodi, cimni, zasni, 

manfo, stali 

permanence standard 〈x3 of vitno〉 stodi, cimni, zasni, 

manfo, stali 

permanent 〈x1 of vitno〉 stodi, cimni, zasni, manfo, stali 

permission condition 〈x3 of curmi〉 rinju, banzu, ralte, 

jimte, jaspu, zifre 

person 〈x1 of prenu〉 nanmu, ninmu, remna, zukte, sevzi 

person feeling anguish 〈x1 of dunku〉 fengu, surla 

person giving ridicule 〈x1 of ckasu〉 cmila 

person of authority 〈x1 of catni〉 turni, tutra, krati, 

cmavo list ca’i, jaspu, pulji 

person requested from 〈x3 of cpedu〉 ve cusku 

person suffering annoyance 〈x2 of fanza〉 fengu, raktu, 

dicra, tunta, zunti, jicla 

person taught 〈x2 of ctuca〉 ckule, cilre, tadni 

person/thing subjected to destiny 〈x2 of dimna〉 dapma 

pertain 〈x1 of srana〉 cmavo list ra’a, ckini, ponse, steci 

pertained to 〈x2 of srana〉 cmavo list ra’a, ckini, ponse, 

steci 

pest 〈x1 of fanza〉 fengu, raktu, dicra, tunta, zunti, jicla 

pester 〈x1 of fanza〉 fengu, raktu, dicra, tunta, zunti, jicla 

petroleum 〈x1 of ctile〉 grasu 

petroleum source 〈x2 of ctile〉 grasu 

phobia 〈x2 of terpa〉 snura, xalni, xanka, virnu 

photographic illumination 〈x2 of kacma〉 lenjo 

photographic medium 〈x3 of kacma〉 lenjo 

phrase compound 〈x1 of tanru〉 gismu, smuni 

phrase language 〈x5 of tanru〉 gismu, smuni 

phrase meaning 〈x4 of tanru〉 gismu, smuni 

phrase modificand 〈x3 of tanru〉 gismu, smuni 

phrase modifier 〈x2 of tanru〉 gismu, smuni 

phrase with article 〈x2 of gadri〉 valsi, cmavo 

physical form 〈x3 of marji〉 morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, 

dacti 

piano 〈x1 of pipno〉 zgike 

picture 〈x1 of pixra〉 ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barna, 

skina 

picture medium 〈x4 of pixra〉 ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, 

barna, skina 

piece 〈x1 of spisa〉 pagbu 

piece cut 〈x3 of katna〉 kakpa, sraku for cutting into 

without division; plixa, dakfu, jinci, porpi, spofu, tunta, 

xrani, fatri, fendi, balre, dilcu 

pig 〈x1 of xarju〉 mabru, cange 

pig species 〈x2 of xarju〉 mabru, cange 

piled 〈x2 of derxi〉 cmana 

pin 〈x1 of pijne〉 jesni, nivji, fenso, dinko, tutci 

pin material 〈x3 of pijne〉 jesni, nivji, fenso, dinko, tutci 

pinched 〈x2 of tagji〉 trati, jarki, kluza, rinju 

pinches 〈x2 of cinza〉 tutci 

pinned 〈x2 of pijne〉 jesni, nivji, fenso, dinko, tutci 

pitch 〈x2 of tonga〉 rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu 

pitiable 〈x2 of kecti〉 cinmo, xendo 

pitiful 〈x3 of kecti〉 cinmo, xendo 

157

pity poison 

pity 〈x1 of kecti〉 cinmo, xendo 

place grasped 〈x4 of jgari〉 ralte, pencu, darxi, batke, 

rinju 

place kissed 〈x3 of cinba〉 ctebi 

place vanished from 〈x2 of canci〉 cliva, ganse, zgana, 

lebna, vimcu 

placed 〈x2 of punji〉 cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca 

placed at 〈x3 of punji〉 cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca 

plaintext encoded 〈x2 of mifra〉 mipri, lerfu, sinxa 

plan 〈x1 of platu〉 cartu 

plan [n] 〈x2 of platu〉 cartu 

plan made 〈x2 of platu〉 cartu 

plane 〈x1 of plita〉 xutla, sefta, tapla, karda, boxfo, pinta 

plane cargo 〈x2 of vinji〉 vofli, sabnu 

plane propelling method 〈x3 of vinji〉 vofli, sabnu 

planet 〈x1 of plini〉 lunra, mluni, terdi, solri, munje 

planet inhabitant 〈x2 of terdi〉 lunra, plini, solri, kensa, 

tsani; dertu for ground, dirt, except when used to express 

physical relative frame of reference [e.g. on the ground, 

the ground beneath us], tsani 

planet orbit 〈x4 of plini〉 lunra, mluni, terdi, solri, munje 

planet primary 〈x2 of plini〉 lunra, mluni, terdi, solri, 

munje 

planet with air 〈x2 of vacri〉 gapci, kijno, trano, tumla, 

vasxu, xamsi 

planet with sea 〈x2 of xamsi〉 daplu, djacu, lalxu, rirxe, 

tumla, vacri, zbani, ctaru 

planet with sun 〈x2 of solri〉 gusni, lunra, mluni, plini, 

santa, terdi, tarci 

planetary property 〈x3 of plini〉 lunra, mluni, terdi, 

solri, munje 

planned 〈x2 of tadji〉 ciste, pruce, zukte, pluta, cmavo 

list tai 

planned for 〈x3 of platu〉 cartu 

planned out 〈x3 of platu〉 cartu 

planner 〈x1 of platu〉 cartu 

plant 〈x1 of spati〉 genja, grute, gurni, latna, rozgu, 

stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, xrula, pezli, srasu 

plant edible part 〈x2 of stagi〉 grute, kobli, narge, sluni, 

spati, sunga, tamca 

plant species 〈x2 of spati〉 genja, grute, gurni, latna, 

rozgu, stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, xrula, pezli, srasu 

plant with bulb 〈x2 of balji〉 punli, batke 

plant with nut 〈x2 of narge〉 grute, stagi, jbari, midju 

planted 〈x2 of sombo〉 crepu, tsiju 

plastic 〈x1 of slasi〉 rutni, boxfo, bukpu 

158 

plastic monomer 〈x2 of slasi〉 rutni, boxfo, bukpu 

plate 〈x1 of palta〉 ckana, palne, kabri, tansi, ckana 

plate material 〈x2 of palta〉 ckana, palne, kabri, tansi, 

ckana 

play 〈x1 of kelci〉 jivna, jinga, zdile 

plaything 〈x2 of kelci〉 jivna, jinga, zdile 

pleasant 〈x1 of pluka〉 rigni, cmavo list pu’a, melbi, 

nelci, prami 

pleased 〈x2 of pluka〉 rigni, cmavo list pu’a, melbi, 

nelci, prami 

pleasing conditions 〈x3 of pluka〉 rigni, cmavo list pu’a, 

melbi, nelci, prami 

plectrum 〈x2 of jgita〉 zgike 

plot 〈x2 of cfika〉 cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, jitfa, jetnu, 

xanri 

plot of a story 〈x2 of lisri〉 ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, 

pemci 

plot of drama 〈x2 of draci〉 finti, cukta, lisri, cfika 

plot of film 〈x2 of skina〉 tivni, vidni, pixra, finti 

plow 〈x1 of plixa〉 kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro 

plowed 〈x2 of plixa〉 kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro 

plowing tool 〈x3 of plixa〉 kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro 

plump 〈x1 of plana〉 cinla, rotsu, barda, punli, grasu 

plumpness standard 〈x2 of plana〉 cinla, rotsu, barda, 

punli, grasu 

pocket 〈x1 of daski〉 dakli, taxfu, bakfu 

poem 〈x1 of pemci〉 prosa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, sanga 

poem subject 〈x2 of pemci〉 prosa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, 

sanga 

poet 〈x3 of pemci〉 prosa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, sanga 

poetic theme 〈x2 of pemci〉 prosa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, 

sanga 

point 〈x1 of mokca〉 jipno, jganu, linji, stuzi, tcika 

point in plane 〈x2 of plita〉 xutla, sefta, tapla, karda, 

boxfo, pinta 

point location 〈x2 of mokca〉 jipno, jganu, linji, stuzi, 

tcika 

point on route 〈x4 of pluta〉 litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, 

klaji, ve klama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, 

pagre 

point-of-view 〈x3 of jvinu〉 catlu, kanla, viska, canko, 

jarco 

pointed 〈x2 of jipno〉 mokca, jesni, fanmo, kojna, krasi 

points on line 〈x2 of linji〉 kruvi, sirji, jganu, kantu, 

mokca 

poison 〈x1 of vindu〉 since

poke predicate with argument 

poke 〈x1 of tunta〉 balre, dakfu, darxi, fanza, jicla, katna, 

tikpa 

poked 〈x2 of tunta〉 balre, dakfu, darxi, fanza, jicla, 

katna, tikpa 

poked with 〈x3 of tunta〉 balre, dakfu, darxi, fanza, jicla, 

katna, tikpa 

police 〈x1 of pulji〉 catni, sonci, bilni, flalu, bandu, 

jemna, zekri, krati 

polish 〈x1 of spali〉 mosra, sraku, xutla 

polished surface 〈x2 of spali〉 mosra, sraku, xutla 

polishing material 〈x3 of spali〉 mosra, sraku, xutla 

polishing tool 〈x4 of spali〉 mosra, sraku, xutla 

polite 〈x1 of clite〉 ritli 

politeness context 〈x2 of clite〉 ritli 

politeness standard 〈x3 of clite〉 ritli 

polity 〈x1 of jecta〉 gugde, tutra, turni, natmi, jansu, 

lanci, cecmu 

polity territory 〈x2 of jecta〉 gugde, tutra, turni, natmi, 

jansu, lanci, cecmu 

polity with city 〈x3 of tcadu〉 jarbu, nurma, cecmu, 

jarbu 

pollute 〈x2 of festi〉 xaksu, kalci, pinca 

polyhedron 〈x1 of kubli〉 kurfa - needed for ’cube’, 

bliku for a physical object; tanbo, tapla, tarmi 

polyhedron cube dimensionality 〈x2 of kubli〉 kurfa - 

needed for ’cube’, bliku for a physical object; tanbo, 

tapla, tarmi 

Polynesian 〈x1 of polno〉 sralo, daplu, xamsi 

Polynesian aspect 〈x2 of polno〉 sralo, daplu, xamsi 

ponder 〈x1 of pensi〉 cmavo list pe’i, jijnu, menli, morji, 

sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, saske, skami 

pondered 〈x2 of pensi〉 cmavo list pe’i, jijnu, menli, 

morji, sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, saske, 

skami 

poor 〈x1 of pindi〉 ricfu, claxu, nitcu, pikci 

population for a norm 〈x3 of cnano〉 tcaci, fadni, 

kampu, lakne, tarti, rirci 

portal 〈x2 of pagre〉 bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, vorme, 


portion 〈x3 of fatri〉 cmavo list fa’u, fendi, preja, katna, 

tcana 

Portuguese 〈x1 of porto〉 brazo 

Portuguese aspect 〈x2 of porto〉 brazo 

possess 〈x1 of ponse〉 ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, 


possessed 〈x2 of ponse〉 ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, 


possession right 〈x3 of ponse〉 ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, 

srana, tutra, turni, zivle 

possibility condition 〈x2 of cumki〉 lakne, cumki 

possible 〈x1 of cumki〉 lakne, cumki 

post 〈x1 of mrilu〉 benji [in which the medium need not 

be a 3rd party service/system, and x2 need not consist of 

discrete units], notci, xatra, tcana 

pot 〈x1 of patxu〉 tansi, palne for depth; baktu, botpi for 

open/lidded 

pot contents 〈x2 of patxu〉 tansi, palne for depth; baktu, 

botpi for open/lidded 

pot material 〈x3 of patxu〉 tansi, palne for depth; baktu, 

botpi for open/lidded 

potato 〈x1 of patlu〉 genja, jalna, samcu 

potato species 〈x2 of patlu〉 genja, jalna, samcu 

pouched 〈x2 of daski〉 dakli, taxfu, bakfu 

pound 〈x1 of bunda〉 grake, junta, tilju, rupnu, fepni, 

dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, kramu 

pound standard 〈x3 of bunda〉 grake, junta, tilju, rupnu, 

fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, kramu 

poverty subject 〈x2 of pindi〉 ricfu, claxu, nitcu, pikci 

powder 〈x1 of purmo〉 pulce, zalvi 

powdered 〈x2 of zalvi〉 daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce, 

canre, molki 

power 〈x3 of tenfa〉 dugri 

power conditions 〈x3 of vlipa〉 tsali, jitro, ruble 

powered by fuel 〈x2 of livla〉 nejni, xaksu, jelca 

powerful 〈x1 of vlipa〉 tsali, jitro, ruble 

precede 〈x2 of trixe〉 crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle 

preceded 〈x2 of lidne〉 cmavo list li’e, balvi, ralju, rebla, 


preceded by 〈x2 of purci〉 lidne, balvi, cabna, farna 

precision 〈x2 of satci〉 sarxe, dunli, merli, mapti, kancu, 

mintu 

predicate 〈x1 of bridi〉 sumti, fancu 

predicate arguments 〈x3 of bridi〉 sumti, fancu 

predicate relation 〈x2 of bridi〉 sumti, fancu 

predicate var 1 〈x1 of broda〉 cmavo list bu’a 

predicate var 2 〈x1 of brode〉 

predicate var 3 〈x1 of brodi〉 

predicate var 4 〈x1 of brodo〉 

predicate var 5 〈x1 of brodu〉 

predicate with argument 〈x2 of sumti〉 bridi, darlu, 

gismu 

159

pregnant propellant of sailing craft 

pregnant 〈x2 of tarbi〉 gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, rorci, 

tsiju, grute 

prepared food 〈x2 of jukpa〉 cupra, bredi 

prerequisite 〈x2 of nitcu〉 banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, 


prescribed by rule 〈x2 of javni〉 flalu, ritli, cmavo list 

ja’i, marde, tcaci, tinbe, zekri 

present 〈x2 of dunda〉 benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, 

friti, sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali 

present bill 〈x4 of janta〉 jdima, vamji, vecnu, canja, 

jerna, dejni, jbera 

preserved 〈x2 of muzga〉 citri 

pressed 〈x2 of danre〉 catke, bapli, prina, tinsa 

pressure 〈x1 of danre〉 catke, bapli, prina, tinsa 

prevent 〈x1 of fanta〉 pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, 

bapli, rivbi 

prevented 〈x2 of fanta〉 pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, 

bapli, rivbi 

previous owner 〈x3 of lebna〉 punji, cpacu where 

volition or previous possession is not necessarily 

implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain 

possession, canci, cliva 

prey 〈x2 of kalte〉 jersi, kavbu, sisku, rivbi 

price 〈x4 of vecnu〉 canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, 



priced at 〈x2 of jdima〉 canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, 



pride 〈x1 of jgira〉 cinmo, cumla, sevzi, sinma, snada 

primacy property 〈x3 of ralju〉 vajni, te bende, minde, 

lidne, jatna, jitro, gidva, midju 

principal 〈x1 of ralju〉 vajni, te bende, minde, lidne, 

jatna, jitro, gidva, midju 

print 〈x1 of prina〉 cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, ciska, 

danre, barna 

printing press 〈x3 of prina〉 cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, 

ciska, danre, barna 

printing surface 〈x2 of prina〉 cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, 


printing tool 〈x3 of prina〉 cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, 


prisoner 〈x1 of pinfu〉 zifre, kavbu, rinju, ralte, fanta, 

cilce 

private 〈x1 of sivni〉 gubni, mipri 

160 

prize 〈x2 of jinga〉 cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, prali, pleji, 


probability distribution 〈x3 of cunso〉 cnici, lakne, 

funca, kalsa, snuti 

probable 〈x1 of lakne〉 cumki, jinzi, kampu, tcaci, cunso, 

cafne, fadni, cnano 

problem 〈x1 of nabmi〉 preti, danfu, ciksi, jijnu, jinvi, 

nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda 

problem conditions 〈x3 of nabmi〉 preti, danfu, ciksi, 

jijnu, jinvi, nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda 

process 〈x1 of pruce〉 cmavo list pu’e, farvi, tadji, grute, 

tcini 

process result 〈x3 of pruce〉 cmavo list pu’e, farvi, tadji, 

grute, tcini 

process stage 〈x4 of pruce〉 cmavo list pu’e, farvi, tadji, 

grute, tcini 

process using pen 〈x3 of penbi〉 ciska, pinsi, xinmo, 

pimlu 

procreate 〈x1 of rorci〉 grute, gutra, rirni, se panzi, 


prodded 〈x2 of tunta〉 balre, dakfu, darxi, fanza, jicla, 

katna, tikpa 

produce music 〈x2 of zgike〉 damri, dansu, flani, janbe, 

jgita, pipno, rilti, tabra, tonga, xagri, siclu 

produced 〈x2 of cupra〉 zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa 

produces 〈x1 of cupra〉 zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa 

product 〈x2 of cupra〉 zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa 

production 〈x3 of cupra〉 zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa 

profit 〈x4 of zivle〉 prali, canja, jbera, dejni, ponse 

profitable 〈x3 of prali〉 vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, 


profits 〈x2 of prali〉 vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, 


projectile 〈x2 of renro〉 cecla (more general term 

projectile launcher 〈x2 of danti〉 cecla, renro, jakne 

promise 〈x1 of nupre〉 kajde, xusra 

promised 〈x2 of nupre〉 kajde, xusra 

promisee 〈x3 of nupre〉 kajde, xusra 

propel a boat 〈x3 of bloti〉 falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, 

sabnu 

propel car 〈x3 of karce〉 carce, xislu, marce, sabnu 

propel hammer 〈x4 of mruli〉 tutci 

propellant 〈x3 of cecla〉 renro, danti, jakne, jbama, 

spoja 

propellant of sailing craft 〈x2 of falnu〉 bloti

propeller of boat pure 

propeller of boat 〈x3 of bloti〉 falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, 

sabnu 

property 〈x2 of ckaji〉 cmavo list kai, tcaci, tcini 

property compared 〈x4 of karbi〉 klani, mapti, sarxe, 

zmadu, mleca, dunli 

property decreased 〈x2 of jdika〉 zenba, mleca, vimcu 

property exemplified 〈x2 of mupli〉 cmavo list mu’u, 

pixra 

property sought 〈x2 of sisku〉 cirko, kalte, kavbu, kucli, 

rivbi, manci, facki 

property tested [for] 〈x2 of cipra〉 ciksi, troci, jarco, 

pajni, saske 

proposal 〈x2 of stidi〉 cmavo list ti’i, tcica, xlura 

propulsion for cart 〈x3 of carce〉 karce, xislu, marce, 

matra 

propulsion for leap 〈x5 of plipe〉 bajra, stapa, cpare, 

lafti 

propulsion means 〈x4 of marce〉 klama, matra, bevri, 


prose 〈x1 of prosa〉 cfika, lisri, cukta, pemci, finti 

prose subject 〈x2 of prosa〉 cfika, lisri, cukta, pemci, finti 

protected thing 〈x2 of bandu〉 ckape, fanta, fapro, 

marbi, rivbi, zunti, snura, binra, lunbe, pulji 

protein 〈x1 of lanbi〉 ladru, sovda 

protein type 〈x2 of lanbi〉 ladru, sovda 

protest 〈x4 of pante〉 xarnu 

protest activity 〈x4 of pante〉 xarnu 

protestation 〈x4 of pante〉 xarnu 

protested to 〈x3 of pante〉 xarnu 

provide 〈x1 of sabji〉 krasi, sorcu 

provided 〈x2 of sabji〉 krasi, sorcu 

provided with 〈x3 of sabji〉 krasi, sorcu 

provider 〈x1 of sabji〉 krasi, sorcu 

provisions 〈x2 of sabji〉 krasi, sorcu 

pubic 〈x1 of plibu〉 cinse, gletu, pinji, vibna, vlagi, ganti, 

mabla 

public 〈x1 of gubni〉 sivni 

published among 〈x2 of gubni〉 sivni 

publisher of a journal 〈x3 of karni〉 papri, pelji, tcidu 

pull 〈x1 of lacpu〉 catke, sakci, cokcu 

pull plow 〈x4 of plixa〉 kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro 

pulled 〈x2 of lacpu〉 catke, sakci, cokcu 

pulley 〈x1 of pulni〉 tutci, xislu, vraga 

pulley axle 〈x3 of pulni〉 tutci, xislu, vraga 

pulley function 〈x2 of pulni〉 tutci, xislu, vraga 

pulling locus 〈x3 of lacpu〉 catke, sakci, cokcu 

pulp 〈x3 of marxa〉 daspo, pesxu, zalvi, bapli 

pulverized 〈x2 of zalvi〉 daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce, 

canre, molki 

pump 〈x1 of pambe〉 gapci, litki, rinci; metaphorical use 

of fepri for gas, risna for liquid, rinci, tutci 

pump propellant 〈x5 of pambe〉 gapci, litki, rinci; 

metaphorical use of fepri for gas, risna for liquid, rinci, 

tutci 

pumped 〈x2 of pambe〉 gapci, litki, rinci; metaphorical 

use of fepri for gas, risna for liquid, rinci, tutci 

pumped from 〈x4 of pambe〉 gapci, litki, rinci; 


tutci 

pumped into 〈x3 of pambe〉 gapci, litki, rinci; 


tutci 

pumping means 〈x5 of pambe〉 gapci, litki, rinci; 


tutci 

punctuate 〈x1 of pandi〉 lerfu, basna, denpa 

punctuated 〈x2 of pandi〉 lerfu, basna, denpa 

punctuation 〈x3 of pandi〉 lerfu, basna, denpa 

punctuation effect 〈x4 of pandi〉 lerfu, basna, denpa 

pungent 〈x1 of cpina〉 vrusi, kukte, cidja, panci, sumne 

punish 〈x1 of sfasa〉 cnemu, pleji, venfu, zekri, canja, 

dunda, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, cirko, jinga 

punishable offense 〈x3 of sfasa〉 cnemu, pleji, venfu, 

zekri, canja, dunda, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, 

cirko, jinga 

punished 〈x2 of sfasa〉 cnemu, pleji, venfu, zekri, canja, 

dunda, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, cirko, jinga 

punished for 〈x3 of sfasa〉 cnemu, pleji, venfu, zekri, 

canja, dunda, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, cirko, 

jinga 

punishment 〈x4 of sfasa〉 cnemu, pleji, venfu, zekri, 

canja, dunda, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, cirko, 

jinga 

puppet 〈x2 of jitro〉 cmavo list ji’o, bapli, te bende, 




purchaser 〈x3 of jdima〉 canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, 



pure 〈x1 of curve〉 prane, jinsa, manfo, sampu, sepli, 

traji, lumci, xukmi 

161

purity property question 

purity property 〈x2 of curve〉 prane, jinsa, manfo, 

sampu, sepli, traji, lumci, xukmi 

purple 〈x1 of zirpu〉 skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, 

nukni, blanu, xunre 

purpose desired for 〈x3 of djica〉 taske, xagji, mukti, 

nitcu, nelci, pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura 

purpose needed for 〈x3 of nitcu〉 banzu, cidja, claxu, 

pindi, xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji 

purpose sufficed 〈x2 of banzu〉 dukse, claxu, nitcu, 

ricfu, curmi 

pursued 〈x2 of jersi〉 kavbu, rivbi, kalte, lidne 

pushed 〈x2 of catke〉 danre for non-agentive force, lacpu 

put 〈x1 of punji〉 cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca 

quality 〈x2 of ckaji〉 cmavo list kai, tcaci, tcini 

quantifier 〈x2 of klani〉 cmavo list la’u, namcu 

quantity 〈x1 of klani〉 cmavo list la’u, namcu 

quantity in 100’s 〈x2 of xecto〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 



megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xexso, 

zepti, zetro 

quantity in 1E-12’s 〈x2 of picti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 



megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, terto, xatsi, xecto, 


quantity in 1E-18’s 〈x2 of xatsi〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 



megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xecto, 


quantity in 1E-21’s 〈x2 of zepti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 




xexso, zetro 

quantity in 1E-6’s 〈x2 of mikri〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 




zepti, zetro 

quantity in 1E-9’s 〈x2 of nanvi〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 




zepti, zetro 

162 

quantity in 1E12’s 〈x2 of terto〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 



megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, xatsi, xecto, 


quantity in 1E15’s 〈x2 of petso〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 



megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, 

zepti, zetro 

quantity in 1E18’s 〈x2 of xexso〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 




zepti, zetro 

quantity in 1E21’s 〈x2 of zetro〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 




xexso, zepti 

quantity in 1E6’s 〈x2 of megdo〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 


centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, mikri, 


zetro 

quantity in moles 〈x2 of molro〉 centi, decti, dekto, 



quantity in radians 〈x2 of radno〉 jganu, kilto, centi, 

decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, 

megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, 

xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro 

quantity in seconds 〈x2 of snidu〉 cacra, junla, mentu, 




quantity in steradians 〈x2 of stero〉 centi, decti, dekto, 



quantized 〈x2 of kantu〉 selci for masses and most 

objects; ratni, gradu, gusni, nejni, linji 

quantum 〈x1 of kantu〉 selci for masses and most 

objects; ratni, gradu, gusni, nejni, linji 

quarry 〈x2 of kalte〉 jersi, kavbu, sisku, rivbi 

question 〈x1 of preti〉 nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, spuda, 

cpedu

question answered readable 

question answered 〈x2 of danfu〉 ciksi, frati, preti, 

nabmi, spuda for agentive response/reply, cpedu 

question subject 〈x2 of preti〉 nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, 

spuda, cpedu 

questioned 〈x4 of preti〉 nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, 

spuda, cpedu 

questioner 〈x3 of preti〉 nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, spuda, 

cpedu 

quickly done 〈x2 of sutra〉 masno 

quiet 〈x1 of smaji〉 kerlo, panpi, savru, tirna 

quietness standard 〈x3 of smaji〉 kerlo, panpi, savru, 

tirna 

quote 〈x1 of sitna〉 krasi 

quoted 〈x2 of sitna〉 krasi 

quotient 〈x1 of dilcu〉 frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso 

rabbit 〈x1 of ractu〉 mabru, kerlo 

rabbit species 〈x2 of ractu〉 mabru, kerlo 

radian 〈x1 of radno〉 jganu, kilto, centi, decti, dekto, 



zetro 

radian standard 〈x3 of radno〉 jganu, kilto, centi, decti, 

dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, 

mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, 


radiate 〈x1 of dirce〉 gusni 

radiated 〈x2 of dirce〉 gusni 

radiation 〈x2 of dirce〉 gusni 

radiation conditions 〈x3 of dirce〉 gusni 

radio 〈x4 of cradi〉 tivni, benji, tcana 

radio broadcast 〈x2 of cradi〉 tivni, benji, tcana 

radio broadcaster 〈x1 of cradi〉 tivni, benji, tcana 

radio frequency 〈x3 of cradi〉 tivni, benji, tcana 

radio program 〈x2 of cradi〉 tivni, benji, tcana 

radio receiver 〈x4 of cradi〉 tivni, benji, tcana 

radio station 〈x3 of cradi〉 tivni, benji, tcana 

radio transmission 〈x2 of cradi〉 tivni, benji, tcana 

rail 〈x1 of garna〉 kamju, grana, tutci 

rail material 〈x3 of garna〉 kamju, grana, tutci 

railroad 〈x3 of trene〉 tcana 

rain 〈x1 of carvi〉 bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, tcima, bisli, 

bumru 

rained from 〈x3 of carvi〉 bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, 

tcima, bisli, bumru 

rainy 〈x2 of carvi〉 bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, tcima, 

bisli, bumru 

raise tide 〈x3 of ctaru〉 xamsi 

raised 〈x2 of rirni〉 rorci, mamta, patfu, sidju, dzena, 

famti, verba, bersa 

random 〈x1 of cunso〉 cnici, lakne, funca, kalsa, snuti 

random distribution 〈x3 of cunso〉 cnici, lakne, funca, 

kalsa, snuti 

randomness condition 〈x2 of cunso〉 cnici, lakne, funca, 

kalsa, snuti 

range 〈x1 of kuspe〉 ranji, renvi, tcena, bancu, cripu, 

ragve, vorme, canko, bitmu, sirji, jbini, jimte, preja 

range limited by extreme 〈x4 of traji〉 cmavo list rai, 

jimte, milxe, mutce, note contrast with milxe and mutce 

rather than with mleca and zmadu, which are values for 

x3, banli, curve, fanmo, krasi, manfo, prane 

ranged over 〈x2 of kuspe〉 ranji, renvi, tcena, bancu, 

cripu, ragve, vorme, canko, bitmu, sirji, jbini, jimte, preja 

rank 〈x2 of panci〉 nazbi, sumne, cpina 

rare 〈x1 of rirci〉 cizra, fadni, cafne, kampu, cnano - the 

generalized opposite to any/all of these concepts 

rarified 〈x1 of sakci〉 cokcu, lacpu, flecu 

rarity population 〈x3 of rirci〉 cizra, fadni, cafne, 

kampu, cnano - the generalized opposite to any/all of 

these concepts 

rarity property 〈x2 of rirci〉 cizra, fadni, cafne, kampu, 

cnano - the generalized opposite to any/all of these 

concepts 

rat 〈x1 of ratcu〉 smacu 

rat species 〈x2 of ratcu〉 smacu 

ratio 〈x1 of parbi〉 frinu, dilcu, mekso 

ratio reference 〈x3 of parbi〉 frinu, dilcu, mekso 

rational number 〈x1 of saclu〉 namcu, frinu 

raw material 〈x3 of zbasu〉 cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, 

gundi 

raw material for factory 〈x3 of fanri〉 molki, gundi 

reach 〈x2 of tcena〉 kuspe, pruni, preja, ranji, trati 

react 〈x1 of frati〉 preti, danfu, spuda, cpedu, tarti 

reaction 〈x2 of frati〉 preti, danfu, spuda, cpedu, tarti 

reaction conditions 〈x4 of frati〉 preti, danfu, spuda, 

cpedu, tarti 

read 〈x1 of tcidu〉 ciska, cukta, karni 

read book 〈x4 of cukta〉 cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, papri 

read from 〈x3 of tcidu〉 ciska, cukta, karni 

read poem 〈x4 of pemci〉 prosa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, 

sanga 

read prose 〈x4 of prosa〉 cfika, lisri, cukta, pemci, finti 

readable 〈x2 of tcidu〉 ciska, cukta, karni 

163

eared relative 

reared 〈x2 of rirni〉 rorci, mamta, patfu, sidju, dzena, 

famti, verba, bersa 

reason 〈x1 of krinu〉 ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se jalge, te 

zukte, cmavo list ki’u, bapli 

reason for anger 〈x3 of fengu〉 fanza, dunku 

reason for debt 〈x4 of dejni〉 jbera, janta, zivle 

reason for importance 〈x3 of vajni〉 banli, ralju, vamji, 

dirba, kargu, pajni 

reason for jealousy 〈x3 of jilra〉 cinmo 

reason for pity 〈x3 of kecti〉 cinmo, xendo 

reason for reward 〈x3 of cnemu〉 dunda, friti, jerna, 

jinga, jivna, pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma 

reason for weeping 〈x3 of klaku〉 badri, krixa 

receive gift 〈x3 of dunda〉 benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, 

vecnu, friti, sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali 

receive honesty 〈x2 of stace〉 tcica, jetnu, jitfa, mipri 

receive journal 〈x4 of karni〉 papri, pelji, tcidu 

receive mail 〈x3 of mrilu〉 benji [in which the medium 



receive message 〈x4 of notci〉 xatra, nuzba, mrilu, morji 

receive news 〈x4 of nuzba〉 cnino, notci 

receive noise 〈x2 of savru〉 sance, cladu, kerlo, smaji, 

tirna, siclu 

receive offer 〈x3 of friti〉 canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, 

jdima, cnemu, pleji, vitke 

receive protest 〈x3 of pante〉 xarnu 

receive share 〈x2 of fatri〉 cmavo list fa’u, fendi, preja, 

katna, tcana 

receive suggestion 〈x3 of stidi〉 cmavo list ti’i, tcica, 

xlura 

receive transfer 〈x3 of benji〉 muvdu, dunda, mrilu, 


mrilu, tcana 

receiver 〈x3 of benji〉 muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, xruti, 


recipe 〈x3 of jukpa〉 cupra, bredi 

recipient 〈x3 of benji〉 muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, xruti, 


reciprocal 〈x2 of simxu〉 kampu, mintu 

reciprocate 〈x1 of simxu〉 kampu, mintu 

reclined on 〈x2 of vreta〉 cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, 

lazni 

reclining 〈x1 of vreta〉 cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, lazni 

record 〈x1 of vreji〉 sorcu, datni, papri 

recorded 〈x2 of vreji〉 sorcu, datni, papri 

164 

recording medium 〈x3 of vreji〉 sorcu, datni, papri 

recreation 〈x2 of surla〉 dunku, tatpi, cando, vreta 

recur 〈x2 of krefu〉 fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, xruti 

recurrence 〈x1 of krefu〉 fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, xruti 

recurrent 〈x2 of krefu〉 fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, xruti 

red 〈x1 of xunre〉 skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, 

narju, rozgu, zirpu 

reed 〈x2 of xagri〉 zgike 

reed instrument 〈x1 of xagri〉 zgike 

reference 〈x1 of manri〉 cmavo list ma’i, ckilu, merli, 

pajni, cimde, jdice, marde 

reference for above 〈x3 of gapru〉 tsani, galtu, cnita, 

drudi, gacri, dizlo, farna 

reference for beneath 〈x3 of cnita〉 dizlo, gapru, galtu, 

farna, loldi 

reference for beyond 〈x3 of bancu〉 dukse, ragve, 

zmadu, kuspe 

reference for front 〈x3 of crane〉 sefta, flira, trixe, 

mlana, pritu, zunle 

reference for upon 〈x3 of cpana〉 se vasru, jbini, zvati, 



referent 〈x2 of sinxa〉 lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni 

reflect 〈x1 of minra〉 catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi 

reflected 〈x2 of minra〉 catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi 

reflection 〈x4 of minra〉 catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi 

refractor 〈x4 of lenjo〉 kacma, minra 

regimentation 〈x2 of bilni〉 jenmi for a military force, 


regret 〈x1 of xenru〉 cmavo list .u’u, zungi 

regretful 〈x2 of xenru〉 cmavo list .u’u, zungi 

regrettable 〈x2 of xenru〉 cmavo list .u’u, zungi 

regular event 〈x1 of dikni〉 slilu, rilti, xutla, manfo, 

boxna 

regular period 〈x3 of dikni〉 slilu, rilti, xutla, manfo, 

boxna 

regularity 〈x2 of dikni〉 slilu, rilti, xutla, manfo, boxna 

regulated by law 〈x2 of flalu〉 javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, 

tinbe 

related 〈x1 of ckini〉 cmavo list ki’i, ponse, srana, steci, 

mapti, sarxe, fange 

related to 〈x2 of ckini〉 cmavo list ki’i, ponse, srana, 

steci, mapti, sarxe, fange 

relationship 〈x3 of ckini〉 cmavo list ki’i, ponse, srana, 

steci, mapti, sarxe, fange 

relative 〈x2 of lanzu〉 natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi

elative to a frame of reference result 

relative to a frame of reference 〈x2 of manri〉 cmavo 

list ma’i, ckilu, merli, pajni, cimde, jdice, marde 

relax 〈x1 of surla〉 dunku, tatpi, cando, vreta 

relaxing activity 〈x2 of surla〉 dunku, tatpi, cando, vreta 

relied on 〈x2 of lacri〉 minde, nitcu, tinbe 

religion 〈x2 of cevni〉 censa, krici, lijda, malsi 

religious belief 〈x3 of lijda〉 budjo, censa, cevni, crida, 

dadjo, jegvo, krici, latna, malsi, marde, muslo, pruxi, 

ranmi, ritli, xriso, zekri 

religious community 〈x2 of cevni〉 censa, krici, lijda, 

malsi 

rely 〈x1 of lacri〉 minde, nitcu, tinbe 

remain 〈x1 of stali〉 vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, stuzi, 

renvi 

remainder 〈x4 of vimcu〉 lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, 

cliva, jdika 

remainder in division 〈x4 of dilcu〉 frinu, fendi, katna, 

parbi, mekso 

remained at 〈x2 of stali〉 vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, 

stuzi, renvi 

remember 〈x1 of morji〉 cmavo list ba’anai, menli, 

pensi, sanji, djuno, notci 

remembered 〈x2 of morji〉 cmavo list ba’anai, menli, 

pensi, sanji, djuno, notci 

remove 〈x1 of vimcu〉 lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, cliva, 

jdika 

removed 〈x2 of vimcu〉 lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, 

cliva, jdika 

removed by washing 〈x3 of lumci〉 djacu, jinru, litki, 


removed from 〈x3 of vimcu〉 lebna, muvdu, cpacu, 

canci, cliva, jdika 

repair 〈x1 of cikre〉 cfila, spofu 

repaired 〈x2 of cikre〉 cfila, spofu 

repairman 〈x1 of cikre〉 cfila, spofu 

repeat 〈x1 of rapli〉 cmavo list roi, cafne, krefu, fukpi, 

pilji, xruti 

repeat count 〈x2 of rapli〉 cmavo list roi, cafne, krefu, 

fukpi, pilji, xruti 

replace 〈x1 of basti〉 cmavo list ba’i, binra 

replaced thing 〈x2 of basti〉 cmavo list ba’i, binra 

replacement condition 〈x3 of basti〉 cmavo list ba’i, 

binra 

replied to 〈x2 of spuda〉 cusku, preti, nabmi, danfu, frati, 

cpedu 

reply 〈x1 of spuda〉 cusku, preti, nabmi, danfu, frati, 

cpedu 

represent 〈x1 of krati〉 cmavo list ka’i, jansu, catni, 

vipsi, pulji 

represented 〈x2 of krati〉 cmavo list ka’i, jansu, catni, 

vipsi, pulji 

represented by diplomat 〈x2 of jansu〉 jecta, krati 

reptile 〈x1 of respa〉 danlu, banfi, since 

reptile species 〈x2 of respa〉 danlu, banfi, since 

repulsed 〈x2 of rigni〉 djica, nelci, trina, vamtu, xebni, 

pluka 

requested thing 〈x2 of cpedu〉 ve cusku 

requestor 〈x1 of cpedu〉 ve cusku 

required 〈x2 of javni〉 flalu, ritli, cmavo list ja’i, marde, 

tcaci, tinbe, zekri 

requirement 〈x2 of nitcu〉 banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, 


requires 〈x2 of banzu〉 dukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, curmi 

resembled by 〈x2 of simsa〉 dunli, frica, mintu, panra, 

simlu, vrici 

resisted 〈x3 of tinsa〉 bapli, jdari, nandu, torni, trati, 

xarnu, danre, stodi 

resources invested 〈x2 of zivle〉 prali, canja, jbera, 

dejni, ponse 

respected 〈x2 of sinma〉 banli, censa, misno, nelci, 


respond 〈x1 of spuda〉 cusku, preti, nabmi, danfu, frati, 

cpedu 

response 〈x2 of frati〉 preti, danfu, spuda, cpedu, tarti 

responsibility 〈x2 of fuzme〉 bilga 

responsible 〈x1 of fuzme〉 bilga 

restaurant 〈x1 of gusta〉 barja, citka, kukte, sanmi, xotli 

restaurant cuisine 〈x2 of gusta〉 barja, citka, kukte, 

sanmi, xotli 

restaurant customer 〈x3 of gusta〉 barja, citka, kukte, 

sanmi, xotli 

restrain 〈x2 of rinju〉 zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, fanta, 

jgari, jimte, bapli, curmi, kluza, tagji 

restrained 〈x1 of rinju〉 zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, fanta, 


restrained against 〈x3 of rinju〉 zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, 

fanta, jgari, jimte, bapli, curmi, kluza, tagji 

restraint 〈x2 of rinju〉 zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, fanta, 


result 〈x1 of jalge〉 se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se krinu, 

se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilji, mekso, cmavo list ja’e, ciksi 

165

esult caused room boundary 

result caused 〈x2 of rinka〉 gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, 

se jalge, bapli, jitro, cmavo list ri’a, mukti, ciksi, xruti 

result commanded 〈x3 of minde〉 lacri, te bende, jatna, 

ralju, jitro, turni, tinbe 

result of flaw 〈x3 of cfila〉 cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane 

result of growth 〈x2 of banro〉 farvi, zenba, jmina, 

barda, makcu, ferti 

retain 〈x1 of ralte〉 cirko, rinju, ponse, jgari, pinfu, stali, 

curmi 

retained 〈x2 of ralte〉 cirko, rinju, ponse, jgari, pinfu, 

stali, curmi 

return 〈x1 of xruti〉 benji, krefu, rapli, rinka 

returned 〈x2 of xruti〉 benji, krefu, rapli, rinka 

revenge 〈x1 of venfu〉 sfasa, cnemu 

revenged against 〈x2 of venfu〉 sfasa, cnemu 

revenged by 〈x4 of venfu〉 sfasa, cnemu 

revenged for 〈x3 of venfu〉 sfasa, cnemu 

reverse 〈x1 of fatne〉 cmavo list fa’e, dukti 

reversed 〈x2 of fatne〉 cmavo list fa’e, dukti 

reward 〈x1 of cnemu〉 dunda, friti, jerna, jinga, jivna, 

pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma 

reward given 〈x4 of cnemu〉 dunda, friti, jerna, jinga, 

jivna, pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma 

rewarded 〈x2 of cnemu〉 dunda, friti, jerna, jinga, jivna, 

pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma 

rhyme 〈x1 of rimni〉 pemci, sanga 

rhyme language 〈x3 of rimni〉 pemci, sanga 

rhyme scheme 〈x4 of rimni〉 pemci, sanga 

rhymed with 〈x2 of rimni〉 pemci, sanga 

rhythm 〈x1 of rilti〉 damri, pemci, tonga, zgike, slilu, 

dikni, sanga, morna 

rhythmic 〈x2 of rilti〉 damri, pemci, tonga, zgike, slilu, 

dikni, sanga, morna 

ribbon 〈x1 of dasri〉 djine 

ribbon material 〈x2 of dasri〉 djine 

rice 〈x1 of rismi〉 gurni 

rice species 〈x2 of rismi〉 gurni 

rich 〈x1 of ricfu〉 solji, banzu, dukse, pindi 

riches 〈x2 of ricfu〉 solji, banzu, dukse, pindi 

ride in car 〈x2 of karce〉 carce, xislu, marce, sabnu 

ridiculed 〈x2 of ckasu〉 cmila 

ridiculed about 〈x3 of ckasu〉 cmila 

ridiculing 〈x4 of ckasu〉 cmila 

ridiculous 〈x3 of ckasu〉 cmila 

right 〈x2 of zunle〉 cmavo list zu’a, pritu, mlana, crane, 

trixe, farna 

166 

right-angle dimensionality 〈x3 of kurfa〉 bliku, kubli, 

tapla, salpo, tarmi 

right-angled 〈x1 of kurfa〉 bliku, kubli, tapla, salpo, 

tarmi 

ring 〈x1 of janbe〉 zgike, tonga, desku, slilu 

ring inside diameter 〈x3 of djine〉 clupa, cukla, dasri, 

karli, sovda, sruri, konju 

ring material 〈x2 of djine〉 clupa, cukla, dasri, karli, 

sovda, sruri, konju 

ring outside diameter 〈x4 of djine〉 clupa, cukla, dasri, 

karli, sovda, sruri, konju 

ringed 〈x2 of karli〉 sruri, djine 

rite 〈x1 of ritli〉 lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, tcaci, clite, junri 

rite purpose 〈x2 of ritli〉 lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, tcaci, 

clite, junri 

ritual form 〈x4 of ritli〉 lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, tcaci, 

clite, junri 

ritualized 〈x2 of ritli〉 lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, tcaci, 

clite, junri 

rival 〈x2 of damba〉 bradi, gunta, talsa, darlu, fapro, 

jamna, sonci 

river 〈x1 of rirxe〉 flecu, senta for most metaphorical 

aspects; daplu, djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci, naxle 

road 〈x1 of dargu〉 naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji 

road route 〈x4 of dargu〉 naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji 

road start 〈x2 of dargu〉 naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji 

road terminus 〈x3 of dargu〉 naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji 

robe 〈x1 of pastu〉 kosta, taxfu, palku 

robe material 〈x2 of pastu〉 kosta, taxfu, palku 

rock 〈x1 of rokci〉 kunra, jemna, canre 

rock location 〈x3 of rokci〉 kunra, jemna, canre 

rock type 〈x2 of rokci〉 kunra, jemna, canre 

rocket 〈x1 of jakne〉 cecla, danti, spoja 

rod 〈x1 of grana〉 garna 

rod material 〈x2 of grana〉 garna 

role 〈x3 of sumti〉 bridi, darlu, gismu 

roles 〈x4 of girzu〉 bende, ciste, cmima, gunma, panra, 

cabra, cecmu, kansa, klesi, lanzu, liste, vrici 

roll 〈x1 of gunro〉 bolci, carna, jendu, slanu 

rolling axis 〈x3 of gunro〉 bolci, carna, jendu, slanu 

roof 〈x1 of drudi〉 bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, 

marbi, gacri, mapku; a drudi is (designed to be 

roofed 〈x2 of drudi〉 bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, 

marbi, gacri, mapku; a drudi is (designed to be 

room 〈x1 of kumfa〉 bitmu, canlu, zdani 

room boundary 〈x3 of kumfa〉 bitmu, canlu, zdani

oot sandwich filling 

root 〈x1 of genja〉 jamfu, jicmu, patlu, samcu, spati, krasi 

root word 〈x1 of gismu〉 cmavo, cmene, lujvo, smuni, 

sumti, tanru, valsi 

root word affix 〈x4 of gismu〉 cmavo, cmene, lujvo, 

smuni, sumti, tanru, valsi 

root word arguments 〈x3 of gismu〉 cmavo, cmene, 

lujvo, smuni, sumti, tanru, valsi 

root word relation 〈x2 of gismu〉 cmavo, cmene, lujvo, 

smuni, sumti, tanru, valsi 

rooted 〈x2 of genja〉 jamfu, jicmu, patlu, samcu, spati, 

krasi 

rose 〈x1 of rozgu〉 spati, xunre 

rose species 〈x2 of rozgu〉 spati, xunre 

rot 〈x1 of fusra〉 birje, vanju, vifne 

rotate 〈x2 of jendu〉 se carna, gunro, tutci 

rotational direction 〈x3 of carna〉 gunro, jendu 

rotten 〈x1 of fusra〉 birje, vanju, vifne 

rotting agent 〈x2 of fusra〉 birje, vanju, vifne 

rough 〈x1 of rufsu〉 xutla, tengu, vitci 

round 〈x1 of cukla〉 djine, ranji, bolci, tarmi 

route 〈x1 of pluta〉 litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, klaji, ve 

klama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, pagre 

route from 〈x3 of pluta〉 litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, klaji, 

ve klama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, pagre 

route of going 〈x4 of klama〉 cadzu, bajra, marce, vofli, 

litru, muvdu, cpare, cmavo list ka’a, pluta, bevri, farlu, 

limna, vitke 

route of leaving 〈x3 of cliva〉 litru. canci, vimcu, lebna, 

litru, muvdu 

route to 〈x2 of pluta〉 litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, klaji, ve 

klama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, pagre 

route traveled 〈x2 of litru〉 bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, 

klama, cliva, pluta, limna, muvdu 

rub 〈x1 of satre〉 mosra, pencu 

rubbed 〈x2 of satre〉 mosra, pencu 

rubbed against 〈x3 of mosra〉 sakli, sraku, jabre, satre, 

guska, pencu, spali 

rubber 〈x1 of ckabu〉 pruni 

rubber composition 〈x3 of ckabu〉 pruni 

rubber source 〈x2 of ckabu〉 pruni 

rule 〈x1 of javni〉 flalu, ritli, cmavo list ja’i, marde, tcaci, 

tinbe, zekri 

rule for reference 〈x3 of manri〉 cmavo list ma’i, ckilu, 

merli, pajni, cimde, jdice, marde 

rule of inheritance 〈x4 of cerda〉 jgina 

rules for MEX 〈x2 of mekso〉 cmaci, dilcu, fancu, frinu, 

jalge, namcu, parbi, pilji 

run 〈x1 of bajra〉 cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, plipe, cpare 

runner 〈x1 of bajra〉 cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, plipe, 

cpare 

running gait 〈x4 of bajra〉 cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, 

plipe, cpare 

running limbs 〈x3 of bajra〉 cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, 

plipe, cpare 

running surface 〈x2 of bajra〉 cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, 

plipe, cpare 

rural 〈x1 of nurma〉 jarbu, rarna, tcadu, cange 

rural of 〈x2 of nurma〉 jarbu, rarna, tcadu, cange 

Russian 〈x1 of rusko〉 softo, slovo 

Russian aspect 〈x2 of rusko〉 softo, slovo 

rye 〈x1 of mraji〉 gurni 

rye species 〈x2 of mraji〉 gurni 

sack 〈x1 of dakli〉 daski for pouch, bakfu 

said 〈x2 of cusku〉 bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, cmavo list 

cu’u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka 

sail 〈x1 of falnu〉 bloti 

sailing craft 〈x3 of falnu〉 bloti 

salad 〈x1 of salta〉 mixre, stasu 

salad ingredients 〈x2 of salta〉 mixre, stasu 

salary 〈x2 of jerna〉 jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, 


sale cost 〈x4 of vecnu〉 canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, 



salt 〈x1 of silna〉 sakta 

salt composition 〈x3 of silna〉 sakta 

salt source 〈x2 of silna〉 sakta 

same 〈x1 of mintu〉 panra, satci, mapti, simsa, drata, 

dunli, cmavo list du - which has no standard place, simxu 

sameness standard 〈x3 of mintu〉 panra, satci, mapti, 

simsa, drata, dunli, cmavo list du - which has no 

standard place, simxu 

sand 〈x1 of canre〉 bidju, rokci, zalvi, boxna 

sand composition 〈x3 of canre〉 bidju, rokci, zalvi, 

boxna 

sand source 〈x2 of canre〉 bidju, rokci, zalvi, boxna 

sandwich 〈x1 of snuji〉 midju, nenri, sepli, senta, jbini, 

bitmu, sruri 

sandwich filling 〈x2 of snuji〉 midju, nenri, sepli, senta, 

jbini, bitmu, sruri 

167

sandwich outside seed-bearing 

sandwich outside 〈x3 of snuji〉 midju, nenri, sepli, senta, 


sandwiched 〈x2 of snuji〉 midju, nenri, sepli, senta, 


sandy 〈x2 of canre〉 bidju, rokci, zalvi, boxna 

sane 〈x1 of racli〉 fenki 

sanity standard 〈x2 of racli〉 fenki 

Sanskrit 〈x1 of srito〉 xindo, xurdo 

Sanskrit aspect 〈x2 of srito〉 xindo, xurdo 

sat on 〈x2 of zutse〉 stizu, cpana, vreta 

satellite 〈x1 of mluni〉 plini, solri, lunra 

satellite orbit 〈x4 of mluni〉 plini, solri, lunra 

satellite primary 〈x2 of mluni〉 plini, solri, lunra 

satellite property 〈x3 of mluni〉 plini, solri, lunra 

satisfaction 〈x3 of mansa〉 pajni 

satisfied 〈x2 of mansa〉 pajni 

satisfy 〈x1 of mansa〉 pajni 

sauce 〈x1 of sanso〉 sanmi, mixre, stasu 

sauce ingredient 〈x3 of sanso〉 sanmi, mixre, stasu 

Saudi 〈x1 of sadjo〉 xrabo 

Saudi aspect 〈x2 of sadjo〉 xrabo 

say 〈x1 of cusku〉 bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, cmavo list 

cu’u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka 

scale 〈x1 of ckilu〉 cmavo list ci’u, gradu, merli, cimde, 

manri 

scale of opposites 〈x3 of dukti〉 ranxi, ragve, fatne 

scale of quantity 〈x3 of klani〉 cmavo list la’u, namcu 

scale with neutral 〈x2 of nutli〉 midju, lanxe, milxe, 

mutce, cmavo list no’e 

school 〈x1 of ckule〉 cilre, ctuca, tadni 

school location 〈x2 of ckule〉 cilre, ctuca, tadni 

school subject 〈x3 of ckule〉 cilre, ctuca, tadni 

science 〈x1 of saske〉 datni, fatci, djuno, cipra, pensi, 

jimpe 

science methodology 〈x3 of saske〉 datni, fatci, djuno, 

cipra, pensi, jimpe 

science subject 〈x2 of saske〉 datni, fatci, djuno, cipra, 

pensi, jimpe 

scope 〈x2 of ranji〉 temci, kuspe, renvi, cedra, citsi, 

manfo, vitci, cukla, fliba, preja, tcena 

Scottish 〈x1 of skoto〉 brito, glico 

Scottish aspect 〈x2 of skoto〉 brito, glico 

scrape 〈x1 of guska〉 balre, sraku, batci, canpa, mosra 

scraped 〈x2 of guska〉 balre, sraku, batci, canpa, mosra 

scraped from 〈x3 of guska〉 balre, sraku, batci, canpa, 

mosra 

168 

scratch 〈x1 of sraku〉 guska, katna, mosra, plixa, kakpa 

(unlike kakpa, sraku does not imply material is removed 

scratched 〈x2 of sraku〉 guska, katna, mosra, plixa, 

kakpa (unlike kakpa, sraku does not imply material is 

removed 

screened 〈x2 of julne〉 komcu, ciste, jgena 

screw 〈x1 of klupe〉 korcu, sarlu, tutci 

screw body 〈x4 of klupe〉 korcu, sarlu, tutci 

screw thread 〈x3 of klupe〉 korcu, sarlu, tutci 

sea 〈x1 of xamsi〉 daplu, djacu, lalxu, rirxe, tumla, vacri, 

zbani, ctaru 

sea fluid 〈x3 of xamsi〉 daplu, djacu, lalxu, rirxe, tumla, 

vacri, zbani, ctaru 

season 〈x1 of citsi〉 cedra, crisa, critu, dunra, ranji, 

temci, vensa, jbena 

seasoning 〈x1 of tsapi〉 vrusi 

seasoning effect 〈x2 of tsapi〉 vrusi 

second 〈x1 of snidu〉 cacra, junla, mentu, tcika, centi, 



zepti, zetro 

second standard 〈x3 of snidu〉 cacra, junla, mentu, 




secrecy method 〈x4 of mipri〉 stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, 

cirko, jarco 

secret 〈x1 of mipri〉 stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, cirko, 

jarco 

secretion 〈x2 of cigla〉 vikmi, xasne 

section 〈x3 of fendi〉 sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna, 

frinu 

secure 〈x1 of snura〉 ckape, kajde, marbi, terpa, xalni, 

bandu 

secured against 〈x2 of snura〉 ckape, kajde, marbi, 

terpa, xalni, bandu 

see 〈x1 of viska〉 catlu, jvinu, kanla, minra, simlu, djuno, 

jimpe, zgana, ganse 

see reflection 〈x3 of minra〉 catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi 

seed 〈x1 of tsiju〉 tarbi, dembi, grute, jbari, sombo, spati, 

sovda 

seed offspring 〈x3 of tsiju〉 tarbi, dembi, grute, jbari, 

sombo, spati, sovda 

seed-bearing 〈x2 of tsiju〉 tarbi, dembi, grute, jbari, 

sombo, spati, sovda

seeing conditions sewn 

seeing conditions 〈x3 of viska〉 catlu, jvinu, kanla, 

minra, simlu, djuno, jimpe, zgana, ganse 

seek 〈x1 of sisku〉 cirko, kalte, kavbu, kucli, rivbi, manci, 

facki 

seem 〈x1 of simlu〉 catlu, viska, simsa, zgana, ganse, 

jarco 

seeming conditions 〈x4 of simlu〉 catlu, viska, simsa, 


seen 〈x2 of viska〉 catlu, jvinu, kanla, minra, simlu, 

djuno, jimpe, zgana, ganse 

sees vanish 〈x3 of canci〉 cliva, ganse, zgana, lebna, 

vimcu 

self 〈x1 of sevzi〉 cmavo list mi, prenu, menli, jgira 

self of 〈x2 of sevzi〉 cmavo list mi, prenu, menli, jgira 

sell 〈x1 of vecnu〉 canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, 



seller 〈x1 of vecnu〉 canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, 



Semitic 〈x1 of semto〉 xrabo 

Semitic aspect 〈x2 of semto〉 xrabo 

send message 〈x3 of notci〉 xatra, nuzba, mrilu, morji 

sense 〈x1 of ganse〉 pencu, sanji, viska, sumne, tirna, 


sense employed 〈x3 of ganse〉 pencu, sanji, viska, 

sumne, tirna, zgana, canci, simlu 

sensed 〈x2 of ganse〉 pencu, sanji, viska, sumne, tirna, 


sensing conditions 〈x4 of ganse〉 pencu, sanji, viska, 

sumne, tirna, zgana, canci, simlu 

sensor which doesn’t detect vanished object 〈x3 of 

canci〉 cliva, ganse, zgana, lebna, vimcu 

sentence 〈x1 of jufra〉 valsi, bangu, gerna, cusku, smuni 

sentence language 〈x3 of jufra〉 valsi, bangu, gerna, 

cusku, smuni 

sentence subject 〈x2 of jufra〉 valsi, bangu, gerna, 

cusku, smuni 

separate [v] 〈x3 of sepli〉 bitmu, snuji, senta, fendi, 

curve, jinsa, bitmu, marbi 

separated from 〈x2 of sepli〉 bitmu, snuji, senta, fendi, 

curve, jinsa, bitmu, marbi 

separates 〈x2 of ragve〉 dukti, kuspe, bancu, kruca, 

cripu, pagre 

separator 〈x3 of sepli〉 bitmu, snuji, senta, fendi, curve, 

jinsa, bitmu, marbi 

sequence 〈x1 of porsi〉 cmavo list po’i, lidne, liste, 

cmima 

sequence base set 〈x3 of porsi〉 cmavo list po’i, lidne, 

liste, cmima 

sequence preceded in 〈x3 of lidne〉 cmavo list li’e, 

balvi, ralju, rebla, purci for time sequence, jersi, porsi, 

jatna, farna 

sequenced 〈x1 of porsi〉 cmavo list po’i, lidne, liste, 

cmima 

serious 〈x1 of junri〉 tilju, xalbo, badri, ritli 

seriousne subject 〈x2 of junri〉 tilju, xalbo, badri, ritli 

serve 〈x1 of selfu〉 sidju, sarji, gunka 

served 〈x2 of selfu〉 sidju, sarji, gunka 

served in bar 〈x2 of barja〉 gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, 


service 〈x3 of selfu〉 sidju, sarji, gunka 

set 〈x1 of punji〉 cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca 

set counted 〈x2 of kancu〉 kanji, satci, merli 

set exemplified 〈x3 of mupli〉 cmavo list mu’u, pixra 

set listed 〈x2 of liste〉 porsi, girzu, cmima for mental 

objects wherein order is of varying importance; some 




set of member 〈x2 of cmima〉 ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, 

gunma, klesi, cmavo list mei, kampu, lanzu, liste 

set price 〈x4 of jdima〉 canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, 



set sought in 〈x3 of sisku〉 cirko, kalte, kavbu, kucli, 

rivbi, manci, facki 

set with common property 〈x2 of kampu〉 cafne, rirci, 

fadni, cnano, tcaci, lakne, cmima, simxu 

set with norm 〈x3 of cnano〉 tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, 

tarti, rirci 

set with specific 〈x3 of steci〉 srana, se ponse, ckini, 

tcila, tutra 

set with typical 〈x3 of fadni〉 cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, 

tcaci, cnano 

severe 〈x1 of jursa〉 gunta, vlile 

sew 〈x1 of fenso〉 cilta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, pijne, lasna 

sewing thread 〈x4 of fenso〉 cilta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, 

pijne, lasna 

sewing tool 〈x3 of fenso〉 cilta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, pijne, 

lasna 

sewn 〈x2 of fenso〉 cilta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, pijne, lasna 

169

sexed signified by letteral 

sexed 〈x2 of plibu〉 cinse, gletu, pinji, vibna, vlagi, ganti, 

mabla 

sexual 〈x1 of cinse〉 gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi 

sexual activity 〈x2 of cinse〉 gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, 

vlagi 

sexual orientation 〈x2 of cinse〉 gletu, pinji, plibu, 

vibna, vlagi 

sexuality 〈x3 of cinse〉 gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi 

sexuality standard 〈x4 of cinse〉 gletu, pinji, plibu, 

vibna, vlagi 

shaded by umbrella 〈x2 of santa〉 carvi, solri 

shaded from 〈x3 of santa〉 carvi, solri 

shadow 〈x1 of ctino〉 manku, gusni 

shake 〈x1 of desku〉 slilu, janbe 

shaker 〈x1 of desku〉 slilu, janbe 

shallow direction 〈x2 of caxno〉 condi, tordu, jarki, 

cinla, cmalu, jarki, jmifa 

shallow reference point 〈x3 of caxno〉 condi, tordu, 

jarki, cinla, cmalu, jarki, jmifa 

shallow thing 〈x1 of caxno〉 condi, tordu, jarki, cinla, 

cmalu, jarki, jmifa 

shallowness standard 〈x4 of caxno〉 condi, tordu, jarki, 

cinla, cmalu, jarki, jmifa 

shameful 〈x2 of ckeji〉 cinmo 

shape 〈x1 of tarmi〉 nejni, morna; te marji for physical 

shape, tapla, bliku, kubli, kurfa, cukla, mapti, morna, 

sarlu 

shaped 〈x2 of tarmi〉 nejni, morna; te marji for physical 

shape, tapla, bliku, kubli, kurfa, cukla, mapti, morna, 

sarlu 

shard 〈x2 of porpi〉 xrani, spofu, se katna 

share 〈x3 of fatri〉 cmavo list fa’u, fendi, preja, katna, 

tcana 

sharp 〈x1 of kinli〉 balre, dakfu, jesni 

sharpness locus 〈x2 of kinli〉 balre, dakfu, jesni 

shears 〈x1 of jinci〉 katna 

sheep 〈x1 of lanme〉 kanba, sunla 

sheep species 〈x2 of lanme〉 kanba, sunla 

sheet 〈x1 of boxfo〉 plita, cinje, polje, slasi, tinci 

sheet material 〈x2 of boxfo〉 plita, cinje, polje, slasi, 

tinci 

shelf 〈x1 of kajna〉 balni 

shelf purpose 〈x3 of kajna〉 balni 

shell 〈x1 of calku〉 pilka, skapi, gacri, bartu 

shell material 〈x3 of calku〉 pilka, skapi, gacri, bartu 

shelled 〈x2 of calku〉 pilka, skapi, gacri, bartu 

170 

shelter 〈x1 of marbi〉 bandu, ckape, snura, drudi, sepli, 

bitmu, gacri 

sheltered 〈x2 of marbi〉 bandu, ckape, snura, drudi, 

sepli, bitmu, gacri 

shielded 〈x2 of santa〉 carvi, solri 

shines 〈x3 of gusni〉 dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ctino, 

kantu 

shipped 〈x2 of bloti〉 falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu 

shirt 〈x1 of creka〉 taxfu 

shirt material 〈x2 of creka〉 taxfu 

shit 〈x2 of kanji〉 kancu, jdice, skami 

shoal 〈x1 of jmifa〉 caxno 

shoal material 〈x2 of jmifa〉 caxno 

shock 〈x1 of jenca〉 darxi, gunta, spaji 

shocked 〈x2 of jenca〉 darxi, gunta, spaji 

shod 〈x2 of cutci〉 smoka, taxfu, skiji 

shoe 〈x1 of cutci〉 smoka, taxfu, skiji 

shoe material 〈x3 of cutci〉 smoka, taxfu, skiji 

short 〈x1 of tordu〉 cmalu, jarki, caxno, cinla, clani 

shortness dimension 〈x2 of tordu〉 cmalu, jarki, caxno, 

cinla, clani 

shortness standard 〈x3 of tordu〉 cmalu, jarki, caxno, 

cinla, clani 

shoulder 〈x1 of janco〉 birka 

shovel 〈x1 of canpa〉 kakpa, guska, tutci 

shover 〈x1 of catke〉 danre for non-agentive force, lacpu 

show 〈x1 of jarco〉 tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, lanli, mipri, 

simlu 

shown 〈x2 of jarco〉 tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, lanli, 

mipri, simlu 

shown to 〈x3 of jarco〉 tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, lanli, 

mipri, simlu 

sibling 〈x2 of tunba〉 bruna, mensi, tamne 

sibling bond 〈x3 of tunba〉 bruna, mensi, tamne 

sibling of sister 〈x2 of mensi〉 bruna, tunba, tamne, famti 

side 〈x1 of mlana〉 crane, trixe, pritu, zunle which differ 

in that the direction of facing is the front and not the 

lateral side. The x4 of mlana may be either the front, or 

back side of x2, korbi 

side of an angle 〈x3 of jganu〉 kojna, linji, konju, mokca 

side of cube 〈x3 of kubli〉 kurfa - needed for ’cube’, 

bliku for a physical object; tanbo, tapla, tarmi 

sign 〈x1 of sinxa〉 lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni 

signified 〈x2 of sinxa〉 lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni 

signified by letteral 〈x3 of lerfu〉 mifra, namcu, sinxa, 

pandi

silk soap 

silk 〈x1 of silka〉 curnu, bukpu, cilta 

silk source 〈x2 of silka〉 curnu, bukpu, cilta 

silver 〈x1 of rijno〉 solji 

similar 〈x1 of simsa〉 dunli, frica, mintu, panra, simlu, 

vrici 

similarity property 〈x3 of simsa〉 dunli, frica, mintu, 

panra, simlu, vrici 

simple 〈x1 of sampu〉 pluja, curve, frili, manfo 

simplicity property 〈x2 of sampu〉 pluja, curve, frili, 

manfo 

sine 〈x1 of sinso〉 tanjo 

sing 〈x1 of sanga〉 pemci, rimni, rilti, siclu 

singer 〈x1 of sanga〉 pemci, rimni, rilti, siclu 

sister 〈x1 of mensi〉 bruna, tunba, tamne, famti 

sisterly bond 〈x3 of mensi〉 bruna, tunba, tamne, famti 

sit 〈x1 of zutse〉 stizu, cpana, vreta 

site 〈x1 of stuzi〉 cmavo list tu’i, jmive, diklo, zvati, tcini, 

xabju, jibni, judri, lamji, mokca, stali 

sited 〈x2 of stuzi〉 cmavo list tu’i, jmive, diklo, zvati, 


situated 〈x2 of stuzi〉 cmavo list tu’i, jmive, diklo, zvati, 


situation 〈x1 of tcini〉 stuzi, zvati, vanbi, ve pruce, ckaji, 

zasni 

size 〈x3 of merli〉 kancu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, 

minli, merli, bunda, ckilu, gradu, satci, centi, cimde, 

decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, kramu, litce, 

manri, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, 

xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro 

size in acres 〈x2 of kramu〉 rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, 

minli, merli, bunda 

size in meters 〈x2 of mitre〉 kilto, centi, decti, dekto, 



zetro 

size in miles 〈x2 of minli〉 mitre, kilto, clani, ganra, 


bunda, kramu 

skater 〈x3 of skiji〉 sakli, marce, cutci 

ski 〈x1 of skiji〉 sakli, marce, cutci 

skier 〈x3 of skiji〉 sakli, marce, cutci 

skiing surface 〈x2 of skiji〉 sakli, marce, cutci 

skill 〈x2 of stati〉 jinzi, certu, rarna, larcu, kakne 

skirt 〈x1 of skaci〉 taxfu, palku 

skirt material 〈x2 of skaci〉 taxfu, palku 

sky 〈x1 of tsani〉 gapru, kensa, tarci, terdi 

slaughtered 〈x2 of catra〉 morsi, xarci 

Slavic 〈x1 of slovo〉 softo, rusko, vukro 

Slavic aspect 〈x2 of slovo〉 softo, rusko, vukro 

sleep 〈x1 of sipna〉 senva, tatpi, cikna, sanji 

slice 〈x1 of panlo〉 nanba 

sliced 〈x2 of panlo〉 nanba 

slid on 〈x2 of sakli〉 mosra, fulta, skiji, xutla 

slide 〈x1 of sakli〉 mosra, fulta, skiji, xutla 

slippery 〈x2 of sakli〉 mosra, fulta, skiji, xutla 

slips up 〈x2 of snuti〉 zukte, cunso 

slope 〈x1 of salpo〉 kurfa, tutci 

slope angle 〈x2 of salpo〉 kurfa, tutci 

slope horizon 〈x3 of salpo〉 kurfa, tutci 

sloped 〈x1 of salpo〉 kurfa, tutci 

slow 〈x1 of masno〉 sutra 

smaile 〈x1 of cisma〉 xajmi, cmila, frumu 

small 〈x1 of cmalu〉 caxno, cinla, jarki, tordu, barda 

smallness dimension 〈x2 of cmalu〉 caxno, cinla, jarki, 

tordu, barda 

smallness standard 〈x3 of cmalu〉 caxno, cinla, jarki, 

tordu, barda 

smashed 〈x2 of marxa〉 daspo, pesxu, zalvi, bapli 

smell 〈x1 of sumne〉 nazbi, panci, cpina, ganse, zgana 

smell [n] 〈x2 of sumne〉 nazbi, panci, cpina, ganse, 

zgana 

smell odor 〈x3 of panci〉 nazbi, sumne, cpina 

smelled 〈x2 of sumne〉 nazbi, panci, cpina, ganse, zgana 

smelly 〈x2 of sumne〉 nazbi, panci, cpina, ganse, zgana 

smiler 〈x1 of cisma〉 xajmi, cmila, frumu 

smoke 〈x1 of danmo〉 pulce, gapci, sigja, bumru 

smoke source 〈x2 of danmo〉 pulce, gapci, sigja, bumru 

smokes 〈x2 of danmo〉 pulce, gapci, sigja, bumru 

smooth 〈x1 of xutla〉 plita, rufsu, tengu, dikni, pinta, 

sakli, spali 

snake 〈x1 of since〉 curnu, danlu, respa, vindu 

snake species 〈x2 of since〉 curnu, danlu, respa, vindu 

sneeze 〈x1 of senci〉 bilma, kafke 

snow 〈x1 of snime〉 bratu, carvi, bisli 

snug 〈x1 of tagji〉 trati, jarki, kluza, rinju 

snugness dimension 〈x3 of tagji〉 trati, jarki, kluza, rinju 

snugness locus 〈x4 of tagji〉 trati, jarki, kluza, rinju 

soak up 〈x1 of cokcu〉 panje, sakci, lacpu 

soaked up 〈x2 of cokcu〉 panje, sakci, lacpu 

soaked up from 〈x3 of cokcu〉 panje, sakci, lacpu 

soaked up into 〈x4 of cokcu〉 panje, sakci, lacpu 

soap 〈x1 of zbabu〉 lumci, fonmo 

171

soap composition speaker 

soap composition 〈x3 of zbabu〉 lumci, fonmo 

soap source 〈x2 of zbabu〉 lumci, fonmo 

socialize 〈x1 of jikca〉 tarti, penmi 

socialized with 〈x2 of jikca〉 tarti, penmi 

sock 〈x1 of smoka〉 cutci, taxfu 

sock material 〈x2 of smoka〉 cutci, taxfu 

soda 〈x1 of sodva〉 jilka, jinme 

soda flavor 〈x2 of sodva〉 jilka, jinme 

sodium 〈x1 of sodna〉 jilka, jinme 

sofa 〈x1 of sfofa〉 nilce 

soft 〈x1 of ranti〉 ralci, jdari, lakse, randa, gradu 

softness conditions 〈x3 of ranti〉 ralci, jdari, lakse, 

randa, gradu 

solar 〈x1 of solri〉 gusni, lunra, mluni, plini, santa, terdi, 

tarci 

sold 〈x2 of vecnu〉 canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, 



sold at market 〈x2 of zarci〉 vecnu, canja, dinju, banxa 

sold to 〈x3 of vecnu〉 canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, 



soldier 〈x1 of sonci〉 bilni, damba, jenmi, xarci, pulji 

soldier’s army 〈x2 of sonci〉 bilni, damba, jenmi, xarci, 

pulji 

solid 〈x1 of sligu〉 runta, litki, gapci, jdari, dunja, pulce, 

jduli 

solid composition 〈x2 of sligu〉 runta, litki, gapci, jdari, 

dunja, pulce, jduli 

solidity conditions 〈x3 of sligu〉 runta, litki, gapci, jdari, 

dunja, pulce, jduli 

solution conditions 〈x4 of runta〉 litki, mixre, sligu, 

sudga 

solution formed 〈x3 of runta〉 litki, mixre, sligu, sudga 

solvent 〈x2 of runta〉 litki, mixre, sligu, sudga 

someone sad 〈x1 of badri〉 klaku, gleki, betri, cinmo, 

junri 

something beyond 〈x1 of bancu〉 dukse, ragve, zmadu, 

kuspe 

something circumvented 〈x2 of fanta〉 pinfu, bandu, 

zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi 

something external 〈x1 of bartu〉 jibni, nenri, sruri, 

lamji, korbi, calku, vasru 

something that has been ruined 〈x2 of daspo〉 spofu, 

xrani, marxa, zalvi, xaksu 

172 

son 〈x1 of bersa〉 verba, nanla, nakni, nanmu, patfu, 

mamta, bruna, rirni, rorci, panzi, tixnu 

song 〈x2 of sanga〉 pemci, rimni, rilti, siclu 

sorceror 〈x3 of makfa〉 krici, manci 

sorghum 〈x1 of sorgu〉 gurni 

sorghum species 〈x2 of sorgu〉 gurni 

sort order 〈x2 of porsi〉 cmavo list po’i, lidne, liste, 

cmima 

sound 〈x1 of sance〉 savru, tirna, voksa, siclu, slaka 

sound [v] 〈x3 of tonga〉 rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu 

sounds 〈x2 of sance〉 savru, tirna, voksa, siclu, slaka 

soup 〈x1 of stasu〉 sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso 

soup ingredient 〈x2 of stasu〉 sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso 

sour 〈x1 of slari〉 slami, titla, kurki, nimre 

source 〈x1 of krasi〉 fanmo, cmavo list ra’i, sabji, cfari, 

jipno, traji, kojna, genja, jicmu, sitna, jinto 

source language 〈x4 of fanva〉 cusku, bangu 

source of cargo 〈x4 of bevri〉 marce, muvdu, benji, 

klama 

source of rain 〈x3 of carvi〉 bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, 


source text 〈x2 of fanva〉 cusku, bangu 

south 〈x1 of snanu〉 berti, stuna, stici, farna 

South American 〈x1 of ketco〉 merko, xispo, brazo, 

gento, spano 

South American aspect 〈x2 of ketco〉 merko, xispo, 

brazo, gento, spano 

Soviet 〈x1 of softo〉 rusko, vukro, slovo 

Soviet aspect 〈x2 of softo〉 rusko, vukro, slovo 

sow 〈x1 of sombo〉 crepu, tsiju 

sown 〈x2 of sombo〉 crepu, tsiju 

sown in 〈x3 of sombo〉 crepu, tsiju 

soya 〈x1 of sobde〉 dembi, gurni 

soya species 〈x2 of sobde〉 dembi, gurni 

space 〈x1 of canlu〉 kensa, bliku, kumfa, kevna, kunti, 

tubnu, dekpu 

Spanish 〈x1 of spano〉 xispo, ketco, mexno, gento 

Spanish aspect 〈x2 of spano〉 xispo, ketco, mexno, gento 

spanned 〈x2 of kuspe〉 ranji, renvi, tcena, bancu, cripu, 

ragve, vorme, canko, bitmu, sirji, jbini, jimte, preja 

spat from 〈x3 of sputu〉 jetce, kafke, vamtu 

spat out 〈x2 of sputu〉 jetce, kafke, vamtu 

spat to 〈x4 of sputu〉 jetce, kafke, vamtu 

speaker 〈x1 of bacru〉 krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, voksa, 

pinka

speaker(s) stopped 

speaker(s) 〈x2 of bangu〉 tance, cusku, ve tavla, valsi, 

gerna, jufra, natmi, slaka 

special subset 〈x2 of steci〉 srana, se ponse, ckini, tcila, 

tutra 

species 〈x1 of jutsi〉 klesi, lanzu 

species with male 〈x2 of nakni〉 fetsi, bersa 

specific 〈x1 of steci〉 srana, se ponse, ckini, tcila, tutra 

specified 〈x2 of steci〉 srana, se ponse, ckini, tcila, tutra 

specified by law 〈x2 of flalu〉 javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, 

tinbe 

spewed 〈x2 of jetce〉 sputu, vamtu 

sphere of influence 〈x2 of catni〉 turni, tutra, krati, 

cmavo list ca’i, jaspu, pulji 

spider 〈x1 of jukni〉 cinki, danlu 

spider species 〈x2 of jukni〉 cinki, danlu 

spin on axle 〈x2 of jendu〉 se carna, gunro, tutci 

spiral 〈x1 of sarlu〉 klupe, korcu, tarmi 

spiral dimension 〈x3 of sarlu〉 klupe, korcu, tarmi 

spiral limits 〈x2 of sarlu〉 klupe, korcu, tarmi 

spirit 〈x1 of pruxi〉 censa, lijda, mucti, xadni 

spit 〈x1 of sputu〉 jetce, kafke, vamtu 

spit [n] 〈x2 of sputu〉 jetce, kafke, vamtu 

splinter 〈x2 of porpi〉 xrani, spofu, se katna 

spoken language 〈x4 of tavla〉 bacru, cusku for actual 


sponge 〈x1 of panje〉 cokcu for a generalized absorbant 

spoon 〈x1 of smuci〉 dakfu, forca, tutci 

spoon material 〈x3 of smuci〉 dakfu, forca, tutci 

spread 〈x1 of preja〉 tcena, kuspe, ranji, fatri, muvdu, 

benji 

spring 〈x1 of vensa〉 citsi, crisa, critu, dunra 

spring location 〈x3 of vensa〉 citsi, crisa, critu, dunra 

square 〈x1 of kurfa〉 bliku, kubli, tapla, salpo, tarmi 

square vertices 〈x2 of kurfa〉 bliku, kubli, tapla, salpo, 

tarmi 

stable 〈x1 of stodi〉 cenba, stika, stali, vitno, manfo, 

zasni, tinsa, jdari 

stage 〈x1 of tsina〉 greku, jubme 

stage material 〈x4 of tsina〉 greku, jubme 

stair steps 〈x3 of serti〉 stapa, loldi, senta 

stairs 〈x1 of serti〉 stapa, loldi, senta 

stalk 〈x1 of stani〉 tuple, mudri 

stamp 〈x3 of prina〉 cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, ciska, 

danre, barna 

stand 〈x1 of sanli〉 kamju, sraji, tuple, zbepi, sarji 

star 〈x1 of tarci〉 solri, tsani 

star properties 〈x2 of tarci〉 solri, tsani 

starch 〈x1 of jalna〉 patlu, samcu 

starch composition 〈x3 of jalna〉 patlu, samcu 

starch source 〈x2 of jalna〉 patlu, samcu 

start time 〈x2 of temci〉 cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, tcika, 

junla, renvi 

starting point 〈x3 of pluta〉 litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, 

klaji, ve klama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, 

pagre 

starting point of a leap 〈x3 of plipe〉 bajra, stapa, 

cpare, lafti 

startled 〈x2 of spaji〉 manci, jenca, bredi, suksa 

state returned from 〈x4 of xruti〉 benji, krefu, rapli, 

rinka 

state returned to 〈x3 of xruti〉 benji, krefu, rapli, rinka 

station 〈x1 of tcana〉 dargu, litru, pluta, trene, ciste, ve 

mrilu, tivni, cradi, ve benji, fonxa, dikca, fatri 

stay in camp 〈x2 of ginka〉 dinju, xabju, zdani 

steel 〈x1 of gasta〉 jinme, molki, tirse 

steel composition 〈x2 of gasta〉 jinme, molki, tirse 

stellar property 〈x2 of tarci〉 solri, tsani 

step 〈x1 of stapa〉 bajra, plipe, cadzu, serti 

stepping limb 〈x3 of stapa〉 bajra, plipe, cadzu, serti 

steps 〈x3 of serti〉 stapa, loldi, senta 

steradian 〈x1 of stero〉 centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, 



steradian standard 〈x3 of stero〉 centi, decti, dekto, 



sticky 〈x1 of snipa〉 tarla, viknu 

stiff 〈x1 of tinsa〉 bapli, jdari, nandu, torni, trati, xarnu, 

danre, stodi 

stiffness conditions 〈x4 of tinsa〉 bapli, jdari, nandu, 

torni, trati, xarnu, danre, stodi 

stiffness direction 〈x2 of tinsa〉 bapli, jdari, nandu, 

torni, trati, xarnu, danre, stodi 

stimulate 〈x3 of frati〉 preti, danfu, spuda, cpedu, tarti 

stimulus 〈x2 of frati〉 preti, danfu, spuda, cpedu, tarti 

stimulus reacted to 〈x3 of frati〉 preti, danfu, spuda, 

cpedu, tarti 

stir 〈x1 of jicla〉 fanza, tunta, mixre 

stirred 〈x2 of jicla〉 fanza, tunta, mixre 

stop 〈x1 of sisti〉 fanmo, mulno, cfari, denpa, fliba 

stopped 〈x2 of sisti〉 fanmo, mulno, cfari, denpa, fliba 

173

stopped by closure subject of book 

stopped by closure 〈x3 of ganlo〉 kalri, pagre, canko, 

vorme, zunti 

stopped by net 〈x3 of julne〉 komcu, ciste, jgena 

stopper of bottle 〈x4 of botpi〉 baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, 

tanxe, vasru, gacri 

store 〈x1 of sorcu〉 panka; vreji for information storage; 

sabji for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to 

a site, banxa, panka 

store location 〈x4 of sorcu〉 panka; vreji for information 



stored 〈x2 of sorcu〉 panka; vreji for information 



storehouse 〈x3 of sorcu〉 panka; vreji for information 



story 〈x1 of lisri〉 ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, pemci 

story subject 〈x2 of lisri〉 ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, 

pemci 

storyteller 〈x3 of lisri〉 ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, pemci 

straight 〈x1 of sirji〉 korcu, linji, kruvi, kuspe 

straight start 〈x2 of sirji〉 korcu, linji, kruvi, kuspe 

strainer 〈x3 of rinci〉 pambe, tisna, setca, flecu, muvdu, 

ganxo, rirxe 

strange thing 〈x1 of cizra〉 ranxi, rirci, fange, banli 

strangeness property 〈x3 of cizra〉 ranxi, rirci, fange, 

banli 

street 〈x1 of klaji〉 naxle, panka, pluta, dargu 

street location 〈x2 of klaji〉 naxle, panka, pluta, dargu 

strength property 〈x2 of tsali〉 ralci, ruble, carmi, vlipa 

strength standard 〈x3 of tsali〉 ralci, ruble, carmi, vlipa 

stressed thing 〈x2 of basna〉 pandi 

stretch 〈x1 of tcena〉 kuspe, pruni, preja, ranji, trati 

stretch dimension 〈x3 of tcena〉 kuspe, pruni, preja, 

ranji, trati 

stretched range 〈x2 of tcena〉 kuspe, pruni, preja, ranji, 

trati 

stroke 〈x1 of satre〉 mosra, pencu 

stroked 〈x2 of satre〉 mosra, pencu 

stroked with 〈x3 of satre〉 mosra, pencu 

strong 〈x1 of tsali〉 ralci, ruble, carmi, vlipa 

struck 〈x2 of darxi〉 bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, tikpa, 

janli, jgari, pencu 

struck by lightning 〈x2 of lindi〉 dikca 

174 

structure 〈x1 of stura〉 ganzu, morna, ciste, lujvo, greku, 

gerna 

structure language word 〈x4 of cmavo〉 gismu, lujvo, 

gerna, smuni, valsi 

structure with door 〈x4 of vorme〉 canko, ganlo, kalri, 


structure with room 〈x2 of kumfa〉 bitmu, canlu, zdani 

structure with wall 〈x4 of bitmu〉 jbini, sepli, fendi, 

canko, drudi, kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, pagre, gacri, 

kuspe, marbi, vorme 

structure word 〈x1 of cmavo〉 gismu, lujvo, gerna, 

smuni, valsi 

structure word class 〈x2 of cmavo〉 gismu, lujvo, gerna, 

smuni, valsi 

structure word meaning 〈x3 of cmavo〉 gismu, lujvo, 

gerna, smuni, valsi 

structured 〈x2 of stura〉 ganzu, morna, ciste, lujvo, 

greku, gerna 

struggle with enemy 〈x3 of bradi〉 damba, jamna, darlu, 

pendo, fapro, gunta, sarji, jivna, jinga 

stubborn 〈x1 of xarnu〉 tinsa, pante, bapli, fapro 

stuck 〈x2 of snipa〉 tarla, viknu 

studied 〈x2 of tadni〉 ckule, cilre, ctuca 

study 〈x1 of tadni〉 ckule, cilre, ctuca 

stuffed 〈x1 of tisna〉 culno, kunti, rinci, setca 

stuffing 〈x2 of tisna〉 culno, kunti, rinci, setca 

sub-unit of acre 〈x4 of kramu〉 rupnu, fepni, dekpu, 

gutci, minli, merli, bunda 

sub-unit of cubits 〈x4 of gutci〉 mitre, clani, ganra, 

condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, minli, merli, bunda, 

kramu 

subdivided 〈x4 of bitmu〉 jbini, sepli, fendi, canko, 

drudi, kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, pagre, gacri, kuspe, 

marbi, vorme 

subject discovered 〈x3 of facki〉 cirko, djuno, jijnu, 

smadi, sisku 

subject known 〈x3 of djuno〉 know/familiar with: se 

slabu, na’e cnino, na’e fange; cmavo list du’o, cilre, 

certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, 

morji, saske, viska 

subject learned about 〈x3 of cilre〉 ctuca, tadni, djuno, 

ckule 

subject of analysis 〈x2 of lanli〉 catlu, zgana, jarco, 

pensi, pinka 

subject of book 〈x2 of cukta〉 cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, 

papri

subject of drama survived 

subject of drama 〈x2 of draci〉 finti, cukta, lisri, cfika 

subject of study 〈x2 of tadni〉 ckule, cilre, ctuca 

subject of talk 〈x3 of tavla〉 bacru, cusku for actual 


subject taught 〈x4 of ctuca〉 ckule, cilre, tadni 

subject understood 〈x3 of jimpe〉 djuno, jijnu, morna, 

smuni, saske, viska 

substitute 〈x1 of basti〉 cmavo list ba’i, binra 

subtend angle 〈x3 of jganu〉 kojna, linji, konju, mokca 

subtrahend 〈x2 of vimcu〉 lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, 

cliva, jdika 

subunits of miles 〈x3 of minli〉 mitre, kilto, clani, ganra, 


bunda, kramu 

suburb 〈x1 of jarbu〉 nurma, se tcadu, ve tcadu 

succeed 〈x1 of snada〉 fliba, troci, jgira 

success 〈x2 of snada〉 fliba, troci, jgira 

suck 〈x1 of sakci〉 cokcu, lacpu, flecu 

sucked from 〈x3 of sakci〉 cokcu, lacpu, flecu 

sucked to 〈x2 of sakci〉 cokcu, lacpu, flecu 

sudden 〈x1 of suksa〉 spaji, vitci, vlile 

sudden change locus 〈x2 of suksa〉 spaji, vitci, vlile 

sufferer of tragedy 〈x2 of betri〉 badri, xlali, morsi, 

binra 

suffers an accident 〈x2 of snuti〉 zukte, cunso 

suffice 〈x1 of banzu〉 dukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, curmi 

sufficiency condition 〈x3 of banzu〉 dukse, claxu, nitcu, 

ricfu, curmi 

sufficient thing 〈x1 of banzu〉 dukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, 

curmi 

sugar 〈x1 of sakta〉 silna, titla 

sugar composition 〈x3 of sakta〉 silna, titla 

sugar source 〈x2 of sakta〉 silna, titla 

suggest 〈x1 of stidi〉 cmavo list ti’i, tcica, xlura 

suggested 〈x2 of stidi〉 cmavo list ti’i, tcica, xlura 

suggested to 〈x3 of stidi〉 cmavo list ti’i, tcica, xlura 

suggestion 〈x2 of stidi〉 cmavo list ti’i, tcica, xlura 

sulfur 〈x1 of sliri〉 xukmi, panci, pelxu 

sum 〈x1 of sumji〉 jmina, jalge, mulno, pilji 

summer 〈x1 of crisa〉 citsi, critu, dunra, vensa 

summer location 〈x3 of crisa〉 citsi, critu, dunra, vensa 

sung 〈x2 of sanga〉 pemci, rimni, rilti, siclu 

superior 〈x3 of vipsi〉 krati, sidju 

superlative 〈x1 of traji〉 cmavo list rai, jimte, milxe, 




superlative property 〈x2 of traji〉 cmavo list rai, jimte, 

milxe, mutce, note contrast with milxe and mutce rather 

than with mleca and zmadu, which are values for x3, 

banli, curve, fanmo, krasi, manfo, prane 

superset 〈x2 of klesi〉 cmavo list le’a, cmima, jutsi, ciste, 

girzu, lanzu, vrici 

supervisor 〈x3 of vipsi〉 krati, sidju 

supplied 〈x2 of sabji〉 krasi, sorcu 

supplies 〈x2 of sabji〉 krasi, sorcu 

support 〈x1 of sarji〉 bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, tugni, 

bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu 

support means 〈x4 of sarji〉 bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, 

tugni, bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu 

support shelf 〈x2 of kajna〉 balni 

support umbrella 〈x5 of santa〉 carvi, solri 

supported 〈x2 of sarji〉 bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, tugni, 

bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu 

supported against 〈x3 of sarji〉 bradi, darlu, fapro, 

sidju, tugni, bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu 

surface 〈x3 of kubli〉 kurfa - needed for ’cube’, bliku for 

a physical object; tanbo, tapla, tarmi 

surface bounds 〈x4 of sefta〉 crane, flira, plita, bliku 

surface climbed 〈x2 of cpare〉 klama, litru, bajra, farlu, 

plipe 

surface rolled on 〈x2 of gunro〉 bolci, carna, jendu, 

slanu 

surface side 〈x3 of sefta〉 crane, flira, plita, bliku 

surface stepped on 〈x2 of stapa〉 bajra, plipe, cadzu, 

serti 

surface stood on 〈x2 of sanli〉 kamju, sraji, tuple, zbepi, 

sarji 

surprise 〈x1 of spaji〉 manci, jenca, bredi, suksa 

surprised 〈x2 of spaji〉 manci, jenca, bredi, suksa 

surround 〈x2 of nenri〉 se vasru (for containment that 

need not be total 

surround drops 〈x3 of dirgo〉 daplu, bidju 

surrounded 〈x2 of sruri〉 karli, senta, snuji, vanbi, se 

nenri, se jbini, bartu, djine 

survival time 〈x3 of renvi〉 ranji, kuspe, randa, lifri, 

stali, temci 

survive 〈x1 of renvi〉 ranji, kuspe, randa, lifri, stali, 

temci 

survived 〈x2 of renvi〉 ranji, kuspe, randa, lifri, stali, 

temci 

175

survivor taut 

survivor 〈x1 of renvi〉 ranji, kuspe, randa, lifri, stali, 

temci 

swallow 〈x1 of tunlo〉 citka, pinxe, galxe 

swallowed 〈x2 of tunlo〉 citka, pinxe, galxe 

sweat 〈x1 of xasne〉 pinca, vikmi, cigla 

sweat [v] 〈x2 of xasne〉 pinca, vikmi, cigla 

sweat gland 〈x3 of xasne〉 pinca, vikmi, cigla 

sweet 〈x1 of titla〉 sakta, slari, kurki 

swelling 〈x1 of punli〉 balji, cmana, plana 

swelling material 〈x3 of punli〉 balji, cmana, plana 

swim 〈x1 of limna〉 djacu, fulta, klama, litru 

swollen 〈x2 of punli〉 balji, cmana, plana 

swum in 〈x2 of limna〉 djacu, fulta, klama, litru 

syllable 〈x1 of slaka〉 sance, valsi, bangu 

syllable language 〈x2 of slaka〉 sance, valsi, bangu 

symbolized 〈x2 of sinxa〉 lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, 

smuni 

symptoms 〈x2 of bilma〉 kanro, mikce, spita, senci, 

kafke, binra 

Syrian 〈x1 of sirxo〉 xrabo 

Syrian aspect 〈x2 of sirxo〉 xrabo 

system 〈x1 of ciste〉 cmavo list ci’e, cmima, girzu, 

gunma, stura, tadji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, julne, 

klesi, morna, tcana 

system components 〈x3 of ciste〉 cmavo list ci’e, cmima, 

girzu, gunma, stura, tadji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, 

julne, klesi, morna, tcana 

system properties 〈x4 of ciste〉 cmavo list ci’e, cmima, 



system structure 〈x2 of ciste〉 cmavo list ci’e, cmima, 



system with station 〈x2 of tcana〉 dargu, litru, pluta, 

trene, ciste, ve mrilu, tivni, cradi, ve benji, fonxa, dikca, 

fatri 

table 〈x1 of jubme〉 ckana, jamfu, nilce, zbepi, tsina, 

stizu 

table material 〈x2 of jubme〉 ckana, jamfu, nilce, zbepi, 

tsina, stizu 

tablet 〈x2 of papri〉 karni, pelji, prina, xatra, vreji, pezli, 

cukta, ciska 

tail 〈x1 of rebla〉 nalci, pimlu, se lidne, trixe, birka, jimca 

tailed 〈x2 of rebla〉 nalci, pimlu, se lidne, trixe, birka, 

jimca 

176 

take 〈x1 of lebna〉 punji, cpacu where volition or 



cliva 

take a while 〈x2 of masno〉 sutra 

take care of 〈x1 of kurji〉 jundi, cinri, prami, raktu, 

zgana 

taken 〈x2 of lebna〉 punji, cpacu where volition or 



cliva 

taken care of 〈x2 of kurji〉 jundi, cinri, prami, raktu, 

zgana 

taken from 〈x3 of lebna〉 punji, cpacu where volition or 



cliva 

takings 〈x2 of lebna〉 punji, cpacu where volition or 



cliva 

talent 〈x1 of stati〉 jinzi, certu, rarna, larcu, kakne 

talented 〈x1 of stati〉 jinzi, certu, rarna, larcu, kakne 

talk 〈x1 of tavla〉 bacru, cusku for actual expression, 

casnu, darlu, skicu, ciksi, bangu 

talk language 〈x4 of tavla〉 bacru, cusku for actual 


talk subject 〈x3 of tavla〉 bacru, cusku for actual 


talked to 〈x2 of tavla〉 bacru, cusku for actual 


tangent 〈x1 of tanjo〉 sinso 

tangled 〈x2 of jgena〉 pluja, julne, lasna, skori 

tanru meaning 〈x4 of tanru〉 gismu, smuni 

Taoist 〈x1 of dadjo〉 lijda, jegvo 

Taoist aspect 〈x2 of dadjo〉 lijda, jegvo 

tar 〈x1 of tarla〉 kolme, pesxu, snipa 

tar source 〈x2 of tarla〉 kolme, pesxu, snipa 

target language 〈x3 of fanva〉 cusku, bangu 

task 〈x2 of gunka〉 sazri, gasnu, se jibri; zukte - which 

need not be labor; physics term ’work’ = ni muvyselbai, 

briju, jibri, lazni, selfu 

taste 〈x1 of vrusi〉 kukte, tsapi, cpina 

taught methods/facts 〈x3 of ctuca〉 ckule, cilre, tadni 

taught subject 〈x4 of ctuca〉 ckule, cilre, tadni 

taut 〈x1 of trati〉 tinsa, torni, tagji, tcena, kluza

tautness direction thing having .01 part 

tautness direction 〈x2 of trati〉 tinsa, torni, tagji, tcena, 

kluza 

tax 〈x1 of cteki〉 pleji, flalu, turni 

taxable thing 〈x2 of cteki〉 pleji, flalu, turni 

taxed 〈x3 of cteki〉 pleji, flalu, turni 

tea 〈x1 of tcati〉 ckafi 

tea leaves 〈x2 of tcati〉 ckafi 

teach 〈x1 of ctuca〉 ckule, cilre, tadni 

teacher 〈x1 of ctuca〉 ckule, cilre, tadni 

teaching 〈x3 of ctuca〉 ckule, cilre, tadni 

teaching method 〈x5 of ctuca〉 ckule, cilre, tadni 

team members 〈x2 of bende〉 gunma, girzu, dansu, 


teamed 〈x2 of gunma〉 bende, girzu, pagbu, cmavo list 

loi, lei, lai, ciste, cmima, kansa, tinci 

tears wept 〈x2 of klaku〉 badri, krixa 

telephone 〈x1 of fonxa〉 tcana 

telephone network 〈x2 of fonxa〉 tcana 

television 〈x1 of tivni〉 cradi, skina, vidni, benji, tcana 

television channel 〈x3 of tivni〉 cradi, skina, vidni, benji, 

tcana 

television program 〈x2 of tivni〉 cradi, skina, vidni, 

benji, tcana 

television receiver 〈x4 of tivni〉 cradi, skina, vidni, 

benji, tcana 

tell story 〈x3 of lisri〉 ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, pemci 

temperature in Kelvin 〈x2 of kelvo〉 gradu, centi, decti, 



zetro 

temple 〈x1 of malsi〉 cevni, krici, lijda, ritli 

temple location 〈x3 of malsi〉 cevni, krici, lijda, ritli 

temple religion 〈x2 of malsi〉 cevni, krici, lijda, ritli 

temporary 〈x1 of zasni〉 vitno, stodi, cenba, galfi, binxo, 

stika, stali, tcini, vitke 

term time of a loan 〈x4 of jbera〉 dejni, janta, zivle 

terrestrial 〈x2 of terdi〉 lunra, plini, solri, kensa, tsani; 

dertu for ground, dirt, except when used to express 

physical relative frame of reference [e.g. on the ground, 

the ground beneath us], tsani 

territory 〈x1 of tutra〉 catni, turni, jecta, gugde, ponse, 

steci, tumla 

territory of country 〈x3 of gugde〉 turni, natmi, jecta, 

tumla, tutra, lanci 

test 〈x1 of cipra〉 ciksi, troci, jarco, pajni, saske 

tested 〈x3 of cipra〉 ciksi, troci, jarco, pajni, saske 

text 〈x2 of tcidu〉 ciska, cukta, karni 

text of book 〈x2 of cukta〉 cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, 

papri 

texture 〈x1 of tengu〉 rufsu, xutla 

textured 〈x2 of tengu〉 rufsu, xutla 

thanked 〈x2 of ckire〉 cinmo, friti, pluka 

that cursed/blessed by another 〈x2 of dapma〉 mabla, 

dimna, cnemu, sfasa, dunda, cusku, cirko, jdima 

that which becomes 〈x1 of binxo〉 cenba for 



that which is interesting 〈x1 of cinri〉 zdile, kucli, 

manci, kurji 

that which soaks up 〈x1 of cokcu〉 panje, sakci, lacpu 

theme of book 〈x2 of cukta〉 cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, 

papri 

theoretical 〈x2 of sruma〉 smadi, birti 

thick 〈x1 of rotsu〉 barda, cinla, ganra, clani, condi, 

plana, gutci, minli 

thickness 〈x2 of cinla〉 rotsu, jarki, tordu, cmalu, caxno, 

plana, jarki 

thickness dimension 〈x2 of rotsu〉 barda, cinla, ganra, 

clani, condi, plana, gutci, minli 

thickness standard 〈x3 of rotsu〉 barda, cinla, ganra, 

clani, condi, plana, gutci, minli 

thin 〈x1 of cinla〉 rotsu, jarki, tordu, cmalu, caxno, 

plana, jarki 

thing arched over 〈x2 of bargu〉 cripu, kruvi, korcu, 

condi 

thing before growing 〈x3 of banro〉 farvi, zenba, jmina, 

barda, makcu, ferti 

thing carried by boat 〈x2 of bloti〉 falnu, fulta, marce, 

jatna, sabnu 

thing changed into 〈x2 of binxo〉 cenba for 



thing dug with shovel 〈x2 of canpa〉 kakpa, guska, tutci 

thing examined 〈x2 of catlu〉 jvinu, minra, simlu, viska, 

lanli, zgana, setca, viska 

thing flawed 〈x2 of cfila〉 cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane 

thing grasped with tongs 〈x3 of cinza〉 tutci 

thing having .01 part 〈x2 of centi〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 




zepti, zetro 

177

thing having .1 part thing having chest 

thing having .1 part 〈x2 of decti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 


centi, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, 


zepti, zetro 

thing having 01 part 〈x2 of centi〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 




zepti, zetro 

thing having 1 part 〈x2 of decti〉 grake, mitre, snidu, 


centi, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, 


zepti, zetro 

thing having 1E-15 part 〈x2 of femti〉 grake, mitre, 

snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, 

merli, centi, decti, dekto, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, 



thing having 1E-24 part 〈x2 of gocti〉 grake, mitre, 


merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gotro, kilto, 



thing having 1E-6 part 〈x2 of mikri〉 grake, mitre, 


merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, 


zepti, zetro 

thing having 1E-9 part 〈x2 of nanvi〉 grake, mitre, 


merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, 


zepti, zetro 

thing having abdomen 〈x2 of betfu〉 cutne, livga, canti 

thing having above 〈x2 of gapru〉 tsani, galtu, cnita, 

drudi, gacri, dizlo, farna 

thing having access 〈x3 of kalri〉 ganlo, pagre, canko, 

vorme 

thing having address 〈x2 of judri〉 tcita, cmene, ciste, 

stuzi 

thing having adjacent 〈x2 of lamji〉 zvati, cpana, jibni, 


thing having afar 〈x2 of darno〉 jibni 

thing having affix 〈x2 of rafsi〉 valsi, lujvo, pagbu 

178 

thing having ancestor 〈x2 of dzena〉 patfu, rirni, tamne 

thing having anus 〈x2 of ganxo〉 zargu, kalci, mabla, 

rinci 

thing having arm 〈x2 of birka〉 jimca, janco, xance, 

rebla 

thing having army 〈x2 of jenmi〉 bilni, sonci, xarci 

thing having as less 〈x2 of mleca〉 cmavo list me’a, 

cmavo list su’o, jdika, zmadu, traji 

thing having as opposite 〈x2 of dukti〉 ranxi, ragve, 

fatne 

thing having as principal 〈x2 of ralju〉 vajni, te bende, 

minde, lidne, jatna, jitro, gidva, midju 

thing having as same 〈x2 of mintu〉 panra, satci, mapti, 

simsa, drata, dunli, cmavo list du - which has no 

standard place, simxu 

thing having at middle 〈x2 of midju〉 lanxe, jbini, nutli, 

snuji, milxe, denmi, ralju 

thing having aunt 〈x2 of famti〉 bruna, mamta, mensi, 


thing having aunt or uncle 〈x2 of famti〉 bruna, mamta, 

mensi, patfu, rirni, tamne 

thing having basis 〈x2 of jicmu〉 cmavo list ji’u, jamfu, 

zbepi, genja, krasi 

thing having behind 〈x2 of trixe〉 crane, rebla, mlana, 

pritu, zunle 

thing having blood 〈x2 of ciblu〉 risna, flecu 

thing having body 〈x2 of xadni〉 menli, pruxi, sluji, 

mulno, cutne 

thing having bone 〈x3 of bongu〉 greku, denci, jirna, 

sarji 

thing having brain 〈x2 of besna〉 menli, stedu, rango, 

pensi 

thing having branch 〈x2 of jimca〉 birka, rebla, tuple 

thing having breast 〈x2 of tatru〉 ladru, mabru 

thing having brother 〈x2 of bruna〉 mensi, tunba, 

tamne, famti, bersa 

thing having brow 〈x2 of mebri〉 stedu, flira 

thing having buttock 〈x2 of zargu〉 ganxo, mabla 

thing having button 〈x2 of batke〉 jadni, balji, punji, 

jgari, lasna 

thing having cavity 〈x2 of kevna〉 fenra, kunti, canlu, 

canko, galxe, tubnu 

thing having cell 〈x2 of selci〉 kantu for properties, 

activities; ratni, gradu 

thing having chest 〈x2 of cutne〉 cnebo, betfu, xadni, 

tanxe

thing having claw thing having mountain 

thing having claw 〈x2 of jgalu〉 denci, jirna, batci 

thing having collar 〈x2 of karli〉 sruri, djine 

thing having committee 〈x3 of kamni〉 bende, kagni 

thing having corner 〈x2 of kojna〉 jipno, konju, bliku, 

fanmo, jganu, krasi 

thing having cousin 〈x2 of tamne〉 dzena, famti, mensi, 

bruna, tunba 

thing having crust 〈x2 of pilka〉 grute, calku, skapi 

(pilka as a general term includes skapi 

thing having culture 〈x2 of kulnu〉 cmavo list ka’u, 

cmavo list ku’u, natmi, cecmu 

thing having deputy 〈x3 of vipsi〉 krati, sidju 

thing having dimension 〈x2 of cimde〉 morna, ckilu, 

merli, manri 

thing having ear 〈x2 of kerlo〉 kanla, savru, smaji, tirna, 

ractu 

thing having enemy 〈x2 of bradi〉 damba, jamna, darlu, 

pendo, fapro, gunta, sarji, jivna, jinga 

thing having environment 〈x2 of vanbi〉 cmavo list 

va’o, sruri, jibni, jbini, ferti, tcini 

thing having eye 〈x2 of kanla〉 jvinu, kerlo, viska, kumte 

thing having face 〈x2 of flira〉 sefta, stedu, crane, mebri 

thing having fate 〈x2 of dimna〉 dapma 

thing having finger 〈x3 of degji〉 nazbi, tamji, tance, 

xance 

thing having flag 〈x2 of lanci〉 gugde, jecta 

thing having floor 〈x2 of loldi〉 bitmu, drudi, dertu, 

dizlo, cnita, zbepi, sarji, serti 

thing having flow 〈x2 of flecu〉 rirxe, senta where no 



thing having foot 〈x2 of jamfu〉 jicmu, genja, zbepi, 

tuple, jubme, xance, tamji 

thing having frame 〈x2 of greku〉 korbi, stura, tsina, 

bongu 

thing having garden 〈x2 of purdi〉 foldi, cange, panka 

thing having gene 〈x2 of jgina〉 cerda 

thing having gland 〈x3 of cigla〉 vikmi, xasne 

thing having gonad 〈x2 of ganti〉 plibu, sovda, pinji, 

gutra, mabla 

thing having guest 〈x2 of vitke〉 friti, klama, zasni, 

xabju, zvati 

thing having gut 〈x2 of canti〉 betfu 

thing having hair 〈x2 of kerfa〉 skapi, sunla, pimlu 

thing having hand 〈x2 of xance〉 birka, degji, jitro, 

xlura, jamfu, tamji 

thing having head 〈x2 of stedu〉 drudi, mebri, xedja, 

besna, flira, mapku 

thing having heart 〈x2 of risna〉 pambe, ciblu 

thing having history 〈x2 of citri〉 muzga 

thing having horn 〈x2 of jirna〉 jgalu, bongu 

thing having idea 〈x3 of sidbo〉 ciksi, jijnu, mucti, jinvi, 

nabmi, pensi, xanri, cmavo list si’o 

thing having in front 〈x2 of crane〉 sefta, flira, trixe, 

mlana, pritu, zunle 

thing having in its future 〈x2 of balvi〉 lidne, cabna, 

purci, farna 

thing having in its past 〈x2 of purci〉 lidne, balvi, 

cabna, farna 

thing having innately 〈x2 of jinzi〉 lakne, rarna, stati, 

cmavo list ka’e, tcaci 

thing having inside 〈x2 of nenri〉 se vasru (for 

containment that need not be total 

thing having jaw 〈x2 of xedja〉 stedu 

thing having job 〈x2 of jibri〉 briju, gunka, te jerna 

which is employment specifically for pay and not 

specifically for another, te pilno which is employment not 

necessarily for pay and not necessarily regular or lasting 

but for another, se gasnu and se zukte for incidental 

activities 

thing having knee 〈x3 of cidni〉 korcu, jarco, jganu 

thing having lake 〈x2 of lalxu〉 daplu, djacu, rirxe, 

xamsi, zbani 

thing having leg 〈x2 of tuple〉 stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, 

sanli 

thing having lip 〈x3 of ctebi〉 moklu, korbi, cinba 

thing having liver 〈x2 of livga〉 rango, betfu 

thing having loose covering 〈x2 of kluza〉 tagji, trati, 

rinju 

thing having luck 〈x2 of funca〉 cunso, mabla, zabna 

thing having lung 〈x2 of fepri〉 pambe, vasxu 

thing having meaning 〈x2 of smuni〉 jimpe, sinxa, valsi, 

tanru, gismu, lujvo, cmavo, jufra 

thing having mind 〈x2 of menli〉 besna, morji, mucti, 

pensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni 

thing having morals 〈x2 of marde〉 palci, vrude, lijda, 

manri, javni, tarti, zekri 

thing having moss 〈x3 of clika〉 mledi 

thing having motive 〈x3 of mukti〉 cmavo list mu’i, 

nibli, te zukte - generally better for ’goal’, se jalge, 

krinu, rinka, ciksi, djica, xlura 

thing having mountain 〈x2 of cmana〉 punli, derxi 

179

thing having mouth thing having window 

thing having mouth 〈x2 of moklu〉 ctebi, denci, tance 

thing having near 〈x2 of jibni〉 darno, nenri, vanbi, 

jbini, lamji, zvati, cpana, bartu, diklo, stuzi 

thing having neck 〈x2 of cnebo〉 galxe, cutne 

thing having nerve 〈x2 of nirna〉 ve benji 

thing having nose 〈x2 of nazbi〉 degji, panci, sumne, 

tance 

thing having on top 〈x2 of cpana〉 se vasru, jbini, zvati, 



thing having organ 〈x2 of rango〉 besna, livga 

thing having outside 〈x2 of bartu〉 jibni, nenri, sruri, 

lamji, korbi, calku, vasru 

thing having page 〈x2 of papri〉 karni, pelji, prina, 

xatra, vreji, pezli, cukta, ciska 

thing having passport 〈x2 of jaspu〉 pikta, catni, curmi 

thing having pedestal 〈x2 of zbepi〉 jamfu, jicmu, 

jubme, tuple, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli 

thing having pelt 〈x2 of skapi〉 pilka, calku, kerfa 

thing having penis 〈x2 of pinji〉 cinse, gletu, vibna, 

plibu, vlagi, mabla, ganti 

thing having piece 〈x2 of spisa〉 pagbu 

thing having pocket 〈x2 of daski〉 dakli, taxfu, bakfu 

thing having problem 〈x2 of nabmi〉 preti, danfu, ciksi, 

jijnu, jinvi, nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda 

thing having pubes 〈x2 of plibu〉 cinse, gletu, pinji, 

vibna, vlagi, ganti, mabla 

thing having rail 〈x2 of garna〉 kamju, grana, tutci 

thing having roof 〈x2 of drudi〉 bitmu, stedu, galtu, 

gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, mapku; a drudi is (designed to 

be 

thing having root 〈x2 of genja〉 jamfu, jicmu, patlu, 

samcu, spati, krasi 

thing having rule 〈x3 of javni〉 flalu, ritli, cmavo list 

ja’i, marde, tcaci, tinbe, zekri 

thing having shadow 〈x2 of ctino〉 manku, gusni 

thing having shell 〈x2 of calku〉 pilka, skapi, gacri, 

bartu 

thing having shoal 〈x3 of jmifa〉 caxno 

thing having shoulder 〈x3 of janco〉 birka 

thing having sibling 〈x2 of tunba〉 bruna, mensi, tamne 

thing having sister 〈x2 of mensi〉 bruna, tunba, tamne, 

famti 

thing having snugly 〈x2 of tagji〉 trati, jarki, kluza, rinju 

thing having source 〈x2 of krasi〉 fanmo, cmavo list ra’i, 

sabji, cfari, jipno, traji, kojna, genja, jicmu, sitna, jinto 

180 

thing having stage 〈x2 of tsina〉 greku, jubme 

thing having stalk 〈x2 of stani〉 tuple, mudri 

thing having surface 〈x2 of sefta〉 crane, flira, plita, 

bliku 

thing having throat 〈x2 of galxe〉 cnebo, kevna, tunlo 

thing having thumb 〈x3 of tamji〉 degji, tance, xance, 

jamfu 

thing having ticket 〈x2 of pikta〉 jaspu 

thing having tip 〈x2 of jipno〉 mokca, jesni, fanmo, 

kojna, krasi 

thing having to north 〈x2 of berti〉 snanu, stici, stuna, 

farna 

thing having to the east 〈x2 of stuna〉 stici, berti, snanu, 

farna 

thing having to the left 〈x2 of zunle〉 cmavo list zu’a, 

pritu, mlana, crane, trixe, farna 

thing having to the right 〈x2 of pritu〉 cmavo list ri’u, 

mlana, crane, trixe, farna, zunle 

thing having to the side 〈x2 of mlana〉 crane, trixe, 

pritu, zunle which differ in that the direction of facing is 

the front and not the lateral side. The x4 of mlana may be 


thing having to the south 〈x2 of snanu〉 berti, stuna, 

stici, farna 

thing having to the west 〈x2 of stici〉 stuna, berti, 

snanu, farna 

thing having tongue 〈x2 of tance〉 moklu, bangu, nazbi, 

tamji, degji 

thing having tooth 〈x2 of denci〉 moklu, dakfu, pagre, 

jgalu, batci, bongu 

thing having trouble 〈x2 of nandu〉 frili, nabmi, jdari, 

talsa, tinsa 

thing having uncle 〈x2 of famti〉 bruna, mamta, mensi, 


thing having underneath 〈x2 of cnita〉 dizlo, gapru, 

galtu, farna, loldi 

thing having vagina 〈x2 of vibna〉 cinse, gletu, pinji, 

plibu, vlagi, mabla 

thing having voice 〈x2 of voksa〉 sance, tirna, bacru 

thing having vulva 〈x2 of vlagi〉 cinse, gletu, pinji, 

plibu, vibna, mabla 

thing having weight 〈x2 of junta〉 grake, linto, tilju, 

bunda 

thing having window 〈x2 of canko〉 vorme, bitmu, 

ganlo, murta, pagre, kevna, jvinu, kalri, kuspe

thing having womb time of day 

thing having womb 〈x2 of gutra〉 jbena, rorci, sovda, 

tarbi, ganti, mabla 

thing held as holy 〈x2 of censa〉 cevni, krici, latna, 

pruxi, lijda, sinma 

thing killed 〈x2 of catra〉 morsi, xarci 

thing measured in 10’s 〈x2 of dekto〉 grake, mitre, 


merli, centi, decti, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, 



thing opened by key 〈x2 of ckiku〉 stela 

thing rained on 〈x2 of carvi〉 bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, 


thing satisfied by 〈x2 of banzu〉 dukse, claxu, nitcu, 

ricfu, curmi 

thing shoved 〈x2 of catke〉 danre for non-agentive force, 

lacpu 

thing shoved at 〈x3 of catke〉 danre for non-agentive 

force, lacpu 

thing shown on chart 〈x3 of cartu〉 platu 

thing that becomes fixed 〈x2 of cikre〉 cfila, spofu 

thing that is lacked 〈x2 of claxu〉 cmavo list cau, cirko, 

kunti, nitcu, pindi, banzu 

thing that whips 〈x1 of bikla〉 skori, darxi 

thing which co-occurs 〈x2 of cabna〉 zvati, balvi, purci, 

cmavo list ca, cmavo list ca’a 

thing which is military 〈x1 of bilni〉 jenmi for a military 

force, sonci, ganzu, pulji 

thing which is moist 〈x1 of cilmo〉 litki, lunsa, sudga 

thing which is ready 〈x1 of bredi〉 spaji, jukpa 

thing which is simultaneous 〈x1 of cabna〉 zvati, balvi, 

purci, cmavo list ca, cmavo list ca’a 

thing which is walled off 〈x2 of bitmu〉 jbini, sepli, 

fendi, canko, drudi, kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, pagre, 

gacri, kuspe, marbi, vorme 

thing which takes up space 〈x2 of canlu〉 kensa, bliku, 

kumfa, kevna, kunti, tubnu, dekpu 

thing with future 〈x2 of balvi〉 lidne, cabna, purci, farna 

thing/event awaited 〈x2 of denpa〉 dicra, fanmo, sisti, 

fliba, pandi 

think 〈x1 of pensi〉 cmavo list pe’i, jijnu, menli, morji, 

sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, saske, skami 

thinker 〈x3 of sidbo〉 ciksi, jijnu, mucti, jinvi, nabmi, 

pensi, xanri, cmavo list si’o 

thinness direction 〈x2 of cinla〉 rotsu, jarki, tordu, 

cmalu, caxno, plana, jarki 

thinness standard 〈x3 of cinla〉 rotsu, jarki, tordu, 

cmalu, caxno, plana, jarki 

thirst 〈x1 of taske〉 nitcu, djica, xagji, pinxe 

thirsted for 〈x2 of taske〉 nitcu, djica, xagji, pinxe 

those who live in community 〈x2 of cecmu〉 bende, 

kulnu, natmi, tcadu, jecta, girzu 

thread 〈x1 of cilta〉 fenso, nivji, skori, silka 

thread material 〈x2 of cilta〉 fenso, nivji, skori, silka 

threat 〈x2 of nupre〉 kajde, xusra 

threat sheltered from 〈x3 of marbi〉 bandu, ckape, 

snura, drudi, sepli, bitmu, gacri 

threatened 〈x3 of nupre〉 kajde, xusra 

threatened by weapon 〈x2 of xarci〉 jenmi, sonci, catra 

throat 〈x1 of galxe〉 cnebo, kevna, tunlo 

throw 〈x1 of renro〉 cecla (more general term 

throwing direction 〈x3 of renro〉 cecla (more general 

term 

thrown 〈x2 of renro〉 cecla (more general term 

thumb 〈x1 of tamji〉 degji, tance, xance, jamfu 

ticket 〈x1 of pikta〉 jaspu 

ticket benefit 〈x3 of pikta〉 jaspu 

ticket conditions 〈x4 of pikta〉 jaspu 

tickled 〈x2 of xajmi〉 bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, zdile 

tidal 〈x2 of ctaru〉 xamsi 

tide 〈x1 of ctaru〉 xamsi 

tiger 〈x1 of tirxu〉 mlatu 

tiger markings 〈x3 of tirxu〉 mlatu 

tiger species 〈x2 of tirxu〉 mlatu 

tile 〈x1 of tapla〉 bliku, kubli, matci; karda, for which the 

3rd dimension is insignificant, bliku, kurfa, matci, plita, 

tarmi 

tile material 〈x2 of tapla〉 bliku, kubli, matci; karda, for 

which the 3rd dimension is insignificant, bliku, kurfa, 

matci, plita, tarmi 

till 〈x1 of plixa〉 kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro 

time 〈x1 of temci〉 cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, tcika, junla, 

renvi 

time interval 〈x1 of temci〉 cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, 

tcika, junla, renvi 

time location 〈x4 of tcika〉 cmavo list ti’u, cacra, cerni, 



time of day 〈x1 of tcika〉 cmavo list ti’u, cacra, cerni, 



181

timed at tray material 

timed at 〈x2 of tcika〉 cmavo list ti’u, cacra, cerni, detri, 

donri, djedi, junla, nicte, mentu, snidu, temci, vanci, 

dirba, mokca 

tin 〈x1 of tinci〉 gunma, lante, boxfo, cnisa, jinme 

tip 〈x1 of jipno〉 mokca, jesni, fanmo, kojna, krasi 

tip locus 〈x3 of jipno〉 mokca, jesni, fanmo, kojna, krasi 

tired 〈x1 of tatpi〉 cikna, sipna, surla 

tiring 〈x2 of tatpi〉 cikna, sipna, surla 

tobacco 〈x1 of tanko〉 sigja, marna 

tobacco species 〈x2 of tanko〉 sigja, marna 

tomato 〈x1 of tamca〉 grute, stagi 

tomato species 〈x2 of tamca〉 grute, stagi 

tone 〈x1 of tonga〉 rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu 

tone frequency 〈x2 of tonga〉 rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu 

tone source 〈x3 of tonga〉 rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu 

tongs 〈x1 of cinza〉 tutci 

tongue 〈x1 of tance〉 moklu, bangu, nazbi, tamji, degji 

tongued 〈x2 of tance〉 moklu, bangu, nazbi, tamji, degji 

tool 〈x2 of pilno〉 tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, zukte for x2, 

cmavo list pi’o, sazri, jibri 

tooth 〈x1 of denci〉 moklu, dakfu, pagre, jgalu, batci, 

bongu 

toothed 〈x2 of denci〉 moklu, dakfu, pagre, jgalu, batci, 

bongu 

topic 〈x2 of prosa〉 cfika, lisri, cukta, pemci, finti 

torque 〈x2 of torni〉 tinsa, trati 

touch 〈x1 of pencu〉 ganse, darxi, jgari, penmi, jorne, 

satre, mosra, zgana 

touched 〈x2 of pencu〉 ganse, darxi, jgari, penmi, jorne, 

satre, mosra, zgana 

touched at 〈x4 of pencu〉 ganse, darxi, jgari, penmi, 

jorne, satre, mosra, zgana 

touched with 〈x3 of pencu〉 ganse, darxi, jgari, penmi, 

jorne, satre, mosra, zgana 

toy 〈x2 of kelci〉 jivna, jinga, zdile 

track for running 〈x2 of bajra〉 cadzu, klama, litru, 

stapa, plipe, cpare 

traded 〈x2 of canja〉 dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, jdini, 




trader 〈x1 of canja〉 dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, jdini, 




tragedy 〈x1 of betri〉 badri, xlali, morsi, binra 

182 

trailed 〈x2 of trixe〉 crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle 

train 〈x1 of trene〉 tcana 

train car 〈x2 of trene〉 tcana 

train system 〈x3 of trene〉 tcana 

transfer means 〈x5 of benji〉 muvdu, dunda, mrilu, 


mrilu, tcana 

transferor 〈x1 of benji〉 muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, 

xruti, cradi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be’i, bevri, mrilu, 

tcana 

transferred thing 〈x2 of benji〉 muvdu, dunda, mrilu, 


mrilu, tcana 

transience property 〈x2 of zasni〉 vitno, stodi, cenba, 

galfi, binxo, stika, stali, tcini, vitke 

transience standard 〈x3 of zasni〉 vitno, stodi, cenba, 

galfi, binxo, stika, stali, tcini, vitke 

transient 〈x2 of zasni〉 vitno, stodi, cenba, galfi, binxo, 

stika, stali, tcini, vitke 

translate 〈x1 of fanva〉 cusku, bangu 

translated 〈x2 of fanva〉 cusku, bangu 

translated into 〈x3 of fanva〉 cusku, bangu 

translated out of 〈x4 of fanva〉 cusku, bangu 

translation 〈x5 of fanva〉 cusku, bangu 

translator 〈x1 of fanva〉 cusku, bangu 

transmit mail 〈x4 of mrilu〉 benji [in which the medium 



transmitted clearly 〈x2 of klina〉 kandi, zunti - nalzu’i is 

better for ’unhindered’ 

transmitter 〈x4 of benji〉 muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, 

xruti, cradi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be’i, bevri, mrilu, 

tcana 

transportation means 〈x5 of klama〉 cadzu, bajra, 

marce, vofli, litru, muvdu, cpare, cmavo list ka’a, pluta, 

bevri, farlu, limna, vitke 

transported 〈x2 of marce〉 klama, matra, bevri, bloti, 

carce, karce, sabnu, skiji 

trap 〈x3 of kavbu〉 jersi, kalte, pinfu, sisku, se rinju 

travel 〈x1 of litru〉 bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, klama, 

cliva, pluta, limna, muvdu 

travel means 〈x3 of litru〉 bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, 

klama, cliva, pluta, limna, muvdu 

tray 〈x1 of palne〉 tansi, patxu, palta, ckana 

tray contents 〈x2 of palne〉 tansi, patxu, palta, ckana 

tray material 〈x3 of palne〉 tansi, patxu, palta, ckana

tread USA American aspect 

tread 〈x2 of stapa〉 bajra, plipe, cadzu, serti 

treat 〈x1 of mikce〉 bilma, kanro, spita 

treated 〈x2 of mikce〉 bilma, kanro, spita 

treated lightly 〈x2 of xalbo〉 junri, linto 

tree 〈x1 of tricu〉 cindu, ckunu, pezli, mudri, spati 

tree species 〈x2 of tricu〉 cindu, ckunu, pezli, mudri, spati 

tried 〈x3 of snada〉 fliba, troci, jgira 

trouble 〈x1 of raktu〉 dicra, fanza, zunti, kurji, xanka 

trouble [n] 〈x3 of raktu〉 dicra, fanza, zunti, kurji, xanka 

troubled 〈x2 of raktu〉 dicra, fanza, zunti, kurji, xanka 

troubling result 〈x3 of raktu〉 dicra, fanza, zunti, kurji, 

xanka 

true 〈x1 of jetnu〉 stace, jitfa, fatci, birti, cfika 

trumpet 〈x1 of tabra〉 zgike 

trust 〈x3 of lacri〉 minde, nitcu, tinbe 

trusted 〈x2 of lacri〉 minde, nitcu, tinbe 

trustee 〈x2 of lacri〉 minde, nitcu, tinbe 

truth standard 〈x2 of jetnu〉 stace, jitfa, fatci, birti, cfika 

try 〈x1 of troci〉 fliba, snada, cipra 

trying method 〈x3 of troci〉 fliba, snada, cipra 

tube 〈x1 of tubnu〉 kevna, canlu 

tube filling 〈x3 of tubnu〉 kevna, canlu 

tube material 〈x2 of tubnu〉 kevna, canlu 

tulip 〈x1 of tujli〉 spati 

tulip species 〈x2 of tujli〉 spati 

tuned 〈x2 of stika〉 cenba which need not be agentive, 

galfi which is agentive and resultative, binxo which need 

not be agentive but is resultative, zasni, stodi 

turkey 〈x1 of xruki〉 cipni 

turkey species 〈x2 of xruki〉 cipni 

turn 〈x2 of jendu〉 se carna, gunro, tutci 

turn axis 〈x2 of carna〉 gunro, jendu 

turn direction 〈x3 of carna〉 gunro, jendu 

turning point 〈x2 of suksa〉 spaji, vitci, vlile 

turning thing 〈x1 of carna〉 gunro, jendu 

twilight 〈x1 of murse〉 cerni, kandi, vanci 

twilight location 〈x3 of murse〉 cerni, kandi, vanci 

twist 〈x1 of torni〉 tinsa, trati 

twisting force 〈x2 of torni〉 tinsa, trati 

Ukrainian 〈x1 of vukro〉 slovo, softo 

Ukrainian aspect 〈x2 of vukro〉 slovo, softo 

umbrella 〈x1 of santa〉 carvi, solri 

umbrella material 〈x4 of santa〉 carvi, solri 

undercut 〈x2 of mleca〉 cmavo list me’a, cmavo list su’o, 

jdika, zmadu, traji 

undercut [v] 〈x2 of zmadu〉 cmavo list mau, mleca, 

zenba, jmina, bancu, dukse, traji 

underling 〈x2 of catni〉 turni, tutra, krati, cmavo list 

ca’i, jaspu, pulji 

understand 〈x1 of jimpe〉 djuno, jijnu, morna, smuni, 

saske, viska 

understood 〈x2 of jimpe〉 djuno, jijnu, morna, smuni, 

saske, viska 

unenlightened 〈x3 of mipri〉 stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, 

cirko, jarco 

unfamiliar with 〈x2 of fange〉 cizra, jbena, ckini 

unfortunate 〈x2 of betri〉 badri, xlali, morsi, binra 

uniform 〈x1 of manfo〉 prane, curve, ranji, vitno, stodi, 

dikni, sampu, traji 

uniform property 〈x2 of manfo〉 prane, curve, ranji, 

vitno, stodi, dikni, sampu, traji 

uninformed 〈x3 of mipri〉 stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, 

cirko, jarco 

unit 〈x1 of gradu〉 ckilu, kantu, kelvo, merli, ranti, selci 

unit standard 〈x2 of gradu〉 ckilu, kantu, kelvo, merli, 

ranti, selci 

universe 〈x4 of traji〉 cmavo list rai, jimte, milxe, mutce, 

note contrast with milxe and mutce rather than with 

mleca and zmadu, which are values for x3, banli, curve, 

fanmo, krasi, manfo, prane 

universe domain 〈x2 of munje〉 ciste, plini, kensa, 

mulno 

universe rule 〈x3 of munje〉 ciste, plini, kensa, mulno 

unlucky 〈x2 of funca〉 cunso, mabla, zabna 

unnerving 〈x2 of xanka〉 xalni, terpa, raktu 

unobstructed 〈x2 of klina〉 kandi, zunti - nalzu’i is 

better for ’unhindered’ 

unproscribed 〈x2 of zifre〉 pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, 

kakne, frili 

unstretched range 〈x4 of tcena〉 kuspe, pruni, preja, 

ranji, trati 

upon 〈x1 of cpana〉 se vasru, jbini, zvati, nenri, vreta, 

ckana, diklo, jibni, lamji, zutse, punji for lay upon, sarji, 

zbepi 

Urdi 〈x1 of xurdo〉 kisto, srito, xindo 

Urdi aspect 〈x2 of xurdo〉 kisto, srito, xindo 

urinate 〈x2 of pinca〉 vikmi, xasne, kalci, mabla, festi 

urine 〈x1 of pinca〉 vikmi, xasne, kalci, mabla, festi 

USA American aspect 〈x2 of merko〉 brito, bemro, 

ketco, xispo, glico 

183

use video 

use 〈x1 of pilno〉 tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, zukte for x2, 


use for repaired item 〈x3 of cikre〉 cfila, spofu 

use for screw 〈x2 of klupe〉 korcu, sarlu, tutci 

use purpose 〈x3 of pilno〉 tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, 

zukte for x2, cmavo list pi’o, sazri, jibri 

use reference 〈x2 of manri〉 cmavo list ma’i, ckilu, merli, 

pajni, cimde, jdice, marde 

use tongs 〈x2 of cinza〉 tutci 

use up 〈x1 of xaksu〉 citka, festi, daspo, livla, pinxe 

use weapon 〈x3 of xarci〉 jenmi, sonci, catra 

used 〈x2 of pilno〉 tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, zukte for 

x2, cmavo list pi’o, sazri, jibri 

used up 〈x2 of xaksu〉 citka, festi, daspo, livla, pinxe 

user 〈x3 of sabji〉 krasi, sorcu 

utile 〈x2 of pilno〉 tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, zukte for x2, 


utter 〈x1 of bacru〉 krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, voksa, 

pinka 

utterance 〈x2 of bacru〉 krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, 

voksa, pinka 

uttered 〈x2 of bacru〉 krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, voksa, 

pinka 

vaccinated 〈x2 of jinku〉 jurme, mikce, jesni, bilma 

vaccinated against 〈x3 of jinku〉 jurme, mikce, jesni, 

bilma 

vaccination method 〈x4 of jinku〉 jurme, mikce, jesni, 

bilma 

vaccine 〈x1 of jinku〉 jurme, mikce, jesni, bilma 

vagina 〈x1 of vibna〉 cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vlagi, 

mabla 

value 〈x1 of vamji〉 jdima, jerna, vecnu, dirba, janta, 



valued 〈x2 of vamji〉 jdima, jerna, vecnu, dirba, janta, 



valued by 〈x3 of vamji〉 jdima, jerna, vecnu, dirba, 

janta, kargu, pleji; see note at jdima on cost/price/value 


valued for 〈x4 of vamji〉 jdima, jerna, vecnu, dirba, 

janta, kargu, pleji; see note at jdima on cost/price/value 


values 〈x2 of dirba〉 tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, 

jadni, jemna 

184 

vanishing thing 〈x1 of canci〉 cliva, ganse, zgana, lebna, 

vimcu 

vantage point 〈x3 of jvinu〉 catlu, kanla, viska, canko, 

jarco 

variable thing 〈x1 of cenba〉 cenba which is 

non-resultative, galfi which is resultative and agentive, 

stika which is non-resultative and agentive; stodi, zasni, 

binxo 

variance 〈x3 of cenba〉 cenba which is non-resultative, 

galfi which is resultative and agentive, stika which is 

non-resultative and agentive; stodi, zasni, binxo 

variance conditions 〈x4 of cenba〉 cenba which is 



binxo 

varied property 〈x2 of vrici〉 klesi, girzu, frica, simsa, 

panra 

vary 〈x1 of cenba〉 cenba which is non-resultative, galfi 

which is resultative and agentive, stika which is 

non-resultative and agentive; stodi, zasni, binxo 

varying amount 〈x3 of cenba〉 cenba which is 



binxo 

varying property 〈x2 of cenba〉 cenba which is 



binxo 

vegetable 〈x1 of stagi〉 grute, kobli, narge, sluni, spati, 

sunga, tamca 

vehicle 〈x1 of marce〉 klama, matra, bevri, bloti, carce, 

karce, sabnu, skiji 

vehicle propulsion 〈x4 of marce〉 klama, matra, bevri, 


vehicle with cabin 〈x2 of sabnu〉 bloti, marce, vinji, 

karce 

vendor 〈x4 of jdima〉 canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, 



venerated 〈x2 of sinma〉 banli, censa, misno, nelci, 


vengeance 〈x4 of venfu〉 sfasa, cnemu 

vertical 〈x1 of sraji〉 sanli, pinta 

victim of hitting 〈x2 of darxi〉 bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, 

tikpa, janli, jgari, pencu 

video 〈x1 of vidni〉 skina, ve tivni

video function wedge 

video function 〈x2 of vidni〉 skina, ve tivni 

view 〈x1 of jvinu〉 catlu, kanla, viska, canko, jarco 

viewed 〈x2 of jvinu〉 catlu, kanla, viska, canko, jarco 

views as wise 〈x3 of prije〉 bebna 

violent 〈x1 of vlile〉 suksa, jursa 

virtue 〈x1 of vrude〉 palci, xamgu, marde, zabna 

virtue standard 〈x2 of vrude〉 palci, xamgu, marde, 

zabna 

virus 〈x1 of vidru〉 jurme 

virus locus 〈x3 of vidru〉 jurme 

virus property 〈x2 of vidru〉 jurme 

viscosity conditions 〈x2 of viknu〉 denmi, snipa 

viscous 〈x1 of viknu〉 denmi, snipa 

visible 〈x2 of viska〉 catlu, jvinu, kanla, minra, simlu, 

djuno, jimpe, zgana, ganse 

visit 〈x1 of vitke〉 friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati 

visited 〈x2 of vitke〉 friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati 

visitor 〈x1 of vitke〉 friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati 

voice 〈x1 of voksa〉 sance, tirna, bacru 

volume in liters 〈x2 of litce〉 merli, grake, mitre, dekpu, 




vomit 〈x1 of vamtu〉 rigni, jetce, kafke, sputu 

vomit [n] 〈x2 of vamtu〉 rigni, jetce, kafke, sputu 

vomited 〈x2 of vamtu〉 rigni, jetce, kafke, sputu 

vulva 〈x1 of vlagi〉 cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, mabla 

wages 〈x2 of jerna〉 jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, 


wait 〈x1 of denpa〉 dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, pandi 

waited for 〈x2 of denpa〉 dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, pandi 

waiter 〈x1 of denpa〉 dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, pandi 

waiting state 〈x3 of denpa〉 dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, 

pandi 

walk 〈x1 of cadzu〉 stapa, bajra, klama, litru 

walked on 〈x2 of cadzu〉 stapa, bajra, klama, litru 

walker 〈x1 of cadzu〉 stapa, bajra, klama, litru 

walking limb 〈x3 of cadzu〉 stapa, bajra, klama, litru 

wall 〈x1 of bitmu〉 jbini, sepli, fendi, canko, drudi, 

kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, pagre, gacri, kuspe, marbi, 

vorme 

wanted 〈x2 of djica〉 taske, xagji, mukti, nitcu, nelci, 

pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura 

war 〈x1 of jamna〉 bradi, gunta, panpi, damba, darlu 

ward 〈x2 of kurji〉 jundi, cinri, prami, raktu, zgana 

wares 〈x2 of zarci〉 vecnu, canja, dinju, banxa 

warn 〈x1 of kajde〉 ckape, nupre, snura, tcica, xlura 

warned 〈x2 of kajde〉 ckape, nupre, snura, tcica, xlura 

wash 〈x1 of lumci〉 djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, curve 

washed 〈x2 of lumci〉 djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, 

curve 

washing material 〈x4 of lumci〉 djacu, jinru, litki, 


waste 〈x1 of festi〉 xaksu, kalci, pinca 

watch drama 〈x4 of draci〉 finti, cukta, lisri, cfika 

water 〈x1 of djacu〉 lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, limna, litki, 

lumci, bumru, jinto 

watershed 〈x3 of rirxe〉 flecu, senta for most 


naxle 

wave 〈x1 of boxna〉 slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, morna, 

canre 

wave form 〈x3 of boxna〉 slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, 

morna, canre 

wave frequency 〈x5 of boxna〉 slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, 

morna, canre 

wave medium 〈x2 of boxna〉 slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, 

morna, canre 

wavelength 〈x4 of boxna〉 slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, 

morna, canre 

wavy 〈x2 of boxna〉 slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, morna, 

canre 

wax 〈x1 of lakse〉 bifce, ranti, bidju 

wax source 〈x2 of lakse〉 bifce, ranti, bidju 

weak 〈x1 of ruble〉 carmi, vlipa, tsali, kandi, kandi, milxe 

weak point 〈x2 of ruble〉 carmi, vlipa, tsali, kandi, 

kandi, milxe 

weakness property 〈x2 of ruble〉 carmi, vlipa, tsali, 

kandi, kandi, milxe 

weakness standard 〈x3 of ruble〉 carmi, vlipa, tsali, 

kandi, kandi, milxe 

weapon 〈x1 of xarci〉 jenmi, sonci, catra 

wear 〈x2 of taxfu〉 creka, cutci, daski, dasni, gluta, 

kosta, mapku, palku, pastu, skaci, smoka, lunbe 

wears 〈x2 of jadni〉 jemna, dirba, batke 

wears garment 〈x2 of taxfu〉 creka, cutci, daski, dasni, 

gluta, kosta, mapku, palku, pastu, skaci, smoka, lunbe 

weather 〈x1 of tcima〉 brife, bumru, carvi, dilnu, bratu 

weather location 〈x2 of tcima〉 brife, bumru, carvi, 

dilnu, bratu 

weave 〈x1 of jivbu〉 fenso, nivji 

wedge 〈x1 of cfine〉 tutci 

185

wedge material work [v] 

wedge material 〈x2 of cfine〉 tutci 

week 〈x1 of jeftu〉 detri, djedi, masti, nanca 

week standard 〈x3 of jeftu〉 detri, djedi, masti, nanca 

weep 〈x1 of klaku〉 badri, krixa 

weighs 〈x1 of bunda〉 grake, junta, tilju, rupnu, fepni, 

dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, kramu 

weight 〈x1 of junta〉 grake, linto, tilju, bunda 

weight in local units 〈x2 of bunda〉 grake, junta, tilju, 


weirdness 〈x3 of cizra〉 ranxi, rirci, fange, banli 

well 〈x1 of jinto〉 krasi, djacu, fenra 

well location 〈x3 of jinto〉 krasi, djacu, fenra 

west 〈x2 of stuna〉 stici, berti, snanu, farna 

wets 〈x2 of cilmo〉 litki, lunsa, sudga 

wheat 〈x1 of maxri〉 gurni 

wheat species 〈x2 of maxri〉 gurni 

wheeel material 〈x3 of xislu〉 carce, karce, pulni, tutci 

wheel 〈x1 of xislu〉 carce, karce, pulni, tutci 

wheel properties 〈x3 of xislu〉 carce, karce, pulni, tutci 

wheeled vehicle 〈x2 of xislu〉 carce, karce, pulni, tutci 

which extreme 〈x3 of traji〉 cmavo list rai, jimte, milxe, 




whistle [n] 〈x2 of siclu〉 sance, tonga, sanga, zgike, 

savru 

whistle [v] 〈x1 of siclu〉 sance, tonga, sanga, zgike, 

savru 

whistling sound 〈x2 of siclu〉 sance, tonga, sanga, zgike, 

savru 

white thing 〈x1 of blabi〉 skari, xekri, grusi, kandi, 

manku, carmi, bakri, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, 

nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu 

width 〈x2 of jarki〉 caxno, cinla, tordu, tagji, cinla, 

cmalu 

wild 〈x1 of cilce〉 pinfu, panpi, tarti 

will 〈x4 of cerda〉 jgina 

win 〈x1 of jinga〉 cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, prali, pleji, 


wind direction 〈x2 of brife〉 tcima 

wind speed 〈x3 of brife〉 tcima 

window 〈x1 of canko〉 vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, 

pagre, kevna, jvinu, kalri, kuspe 

windowed 〈x2 of canko〉 vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, 

pagre, kevna, jvinu, kalri, kuspe 

wine 〈x1 of vanju〉 barja, birje, xalka, jikru, fusra 

186 

wine fruit 〈x2 of vanju〉 barja, birje, xalka, jikru, fusra 

wine grapes 〈x2 of vanju〉 barja, birje, xalka, jikru, fusra 

wing 〈x1 of nalci〉 cipni, pimlu, rebla 

winged 〈x2 of nalci〉 cipni, pimlu, rebla 

winter 〈x1 of dunra〉 citsi, crisa, critu, vensa 

winter location 〈x3 of dunra〉 citsi, crisa, critu, vensa 

wise 〈x1 of prije〉 bebna 

wish 〈x1 of pacna〉 djica 

witch 〈x3 of makfa〉 krici, manci 

with 〈x1 of kansa〉 kagni, jorne, gunma, girzu, lasna 

with sauce 〈x2 of sanso〉 sanmi, mixre, stasu 

with sky 〈x2 of tsani〉 gapru, kensa, tarci, terdi 

with stairs 〈x2 of serti〉 stapa, loldi, senta 

with sudden change 〈x3 of suksa〉 spaji, vitci, vlile 

within the power of 〈x2 of vlipa〉 tsali, jitro, ruble 

without 〈x1 of claxu〉 cmavo list cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, 

pindi, banzu 

wizard 〈x3 of makfa〉 krici, manci 

wolf 〈x1 of labno〉 gerku 

wolf species 〈x2 of labno〉 gerku 

woman 〈x1 of ninmu〉 nanmu, remna, prenu, makcu, 

nixli 

womb 〈x1 of gutra〉 jbena, rorci, sovda, tarbi, ganti, 

mabla 

wonder 〈x1 of manci〉 cinmo, makfa, kucli, spaji, cinri, 

banli, sisku 

wondrous 〈x2 of manci〉 cinmo, makfa, kucli, spaji, 

cinri, banli, sisku 

wood 〈x1 of mudri〉 tricu, stani 

wood species 〈x2 of mudri〉 tricu, stani 

wool 〈x1 of sunla〉 kosta, kumte, lanme, kanba, bukpu, 

kerfa 

woolly animal 〈x2 of sunla〉 kosta, kumte, lanme, kanba, 

bukpu, kerfa 

word 〈x1 of valsi〉 slaka, bangu, cmavo, cmene, gismu, 

jufra, rafsi, smuni 

word language 〈x3 of valsi〉 slaka, bangu, cmavo, 

cmene, gismu, jufra, rafsi, smuni 

word meaning 〈x2 of valsi〉 slaka, bangu, cmavo, 

cmene, gismu, jufra, rafsi, smuni 

work [n] 〈x2 of gunka〉 sazri, gasnu, se jibri; zukte - 

which need not be labor; physics term ’work’ = ni 

muvyselbai, briju, jibri, lazni, selfu 

work [v] 〈x1 of gunka〉 sazri, gasnu, se jibri; zukte - 


muvyselbai, briju, jibri, lazni, selfu

work goal zinc 

work goal 〈x3 of gunka〉 sazri, gasnu, se jibri; zukte - 



worker 〈x1 of gunka〉 sazri, gasnu, se jibri; zukte - 



worm 〈x1 of curnu〉 since, silka 

worm species 〈x2 of curnu〉 since, silka 

worn 〈x2 of dasni〉 taxfu 

worn as 〈x3 of dasni〉 taxfu 

worth in cents 〈x2 of fepni〉 sicni, jdini, jdima, vecnu, 

rupnu, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu 

worth in dollars 〈x2 of rupnu〉 jdini, sicni, jdima, vecnu, 

fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu 

woven 〈x2 of jivbu〉 fenso, nivji 

wrinkle 〈x1 of cinje〉 korcu, polje, boxfo, boxna 

wrinkled 〈x2 of cinje〉 korcu, polje, boxfo, boxna 

write 〈x1 of ciska〉 papri, penbi, pinsi, tcidu, xatra, 

pixra, prina, finti for ’author’ or specific authorial 

works, barna, pinka 

write book 〈x3 of cukta〉 cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, papri 

write fiction 〈x3 of cfika〉 cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, jitfa, 

jetnu, xanri 

write prose 〈x3 of prosa〉 cfika, lisri, cukta, pemci, finti 

writer 〈x1 of ciska〉 papri, penbi, pinsi, tcidu, xatra, 



writing implement 〈x4 of ciska〉 papri, penbi, pinsi, 

tcidu, xatra, pixra, prina, finti for ’author’ or specific 

authorial works, barna, pinka 

written 〈x2 of ciska〉 papri, penbi, pinsi, tcidu, xatra, 



written on 〈x3 of ciska〉 papri, penbi, pinsi, tcidu, xatra, 



yarn for weaving 〈x3 of jivbu〉 fenso, nivji 

year of autumn 〈x2 of critu〉 citsi, crisa, dunra, vensa, 

crepu 

year of season 〈x3 of citsi〉 cedra, crisa, critu, dunra, 

ranji, temci, vensa, jbena 

year of spring 〈x2 of vensa〉 citsi, crisa, critu, dunra 

year of summer 〈x2 of crisa〉 citsi, critu, dunra, vensa 

year of winter 〈x2 of dunra〉 citsi, crisa, critu, vensa 

year standard 〈x3 of nanca〉 detri, djedi, jeftu, masti 

yell 〈x2 of krixa〉 klaku, bacru 

yellow 〈x1 of pelxu〉 skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, 

narju, solji 

yield 〈x1 of randa〉 jdari, renvi, ranti, se bapli 

yield conditions 〈x3 of randa〉 jdari, renvi, ranti, se bapli 

yielded to 〈x2 of randa〉 jdari, renvi, ranti, se bapli 

young thing 〈x1 of citno〉 cnino, slabu, verba 

youth standard 〈x2 of citno〉 cnino, slabu, verba 

zinc 〈x1 of zinki〉 jinme 

187

dictionary

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?