UNEP(DEC)MED WG

Programme des 

Nations Unies 

pour l’Environnement 

PLAN D’ACTION POUR LA MEDITERRANEE 

Septième Réunion des Points Focaux Nationaux pour les ASP 

Séville, 31 mai - 3 juin 2005 

EP 

UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.268/12 

27 juin 2005 

RAPPORT DE LA SEPTIEME REUNION 

DES POINTS FOCAUX NATIONAUX POUR LES ASP 

PNUE 

CAR/ASP - Tunis, 2005 

FRANÇAIS

TABLE DES MATIERES 

Page 

CORPS DU RAPPORT 1-18 

ANNEXES 

Annexe I Liste des Participants 

Annexe II Ordre du jour de la Réunion 

Annexe III Etat de mise en œuvre du Protocole ASP 

Annexe IV Recommandations de la Réunion 

Annexe V Projet de Déclaration sur la menace d’extinction du phoque 

moine en Méditerranée 

Annexe VI Points saillants de la Deuxième Conférence 

Méditerranéenne sur les Tortues Marines (Kemer, 

Turquie, 3-5 mai 2005) 

Annexe VII Rapport de l’Atelier sur la Standardisation du Marquage 

des Tortues Marines et la Centralisation de l’Information 

(Kemer, Turquie, 2 mai 2005) 

Annexe VIII Proposition de cadre de collaboration entre 

ACCOBAMS et le CAR/ASP 

Annexe IX Rapport d’évaluation de la mise en œuvre du Plan 

d’action pour la conservation de la végétation marine en 

mer Méditerranée 

Annexe X Programme d’activités actualisé pour la mise en œuvre 

du Plan d’action pour la conservation de la végétation 

marine en mer Méditerranée 

Annexe XI Analyse de la conformité des sites proposés avec les 

Critères communs pour le choix des aires marines et 

côtières protégées susceptibles d’être inscrites sur la 

Liste des ASPIM 

Annexe XII Proposition d’intervention sur le Coralligène en 

Méditerranée

Introduction 


Page 1 

1. Lors de leur treizième réunion (Catane, novembre 2003), les Parties contractantes 

à la Convention de Barcelone pour la protection de la mer Méditerranée contre la 

pollution ont invité le Centre d’Activités Régionales pour les Aires Spécialement 

Protégées (CAR/ASP) à tenir la Septième réunion des Points Focaux Nationaux 

pour les Aires Spécialement Protégées en 2005. 

2. La réunion s’est tenue au Pavillon d’Italie de l’Isla de la Cartuja (Séville, Espagne), 

du 31 mai au 3 juin 2005, et a été organisée grâce à l’aimable invitation et au 

support logistique du Ministère de l’Environnement Espagnol et du Gouvernement 

Régional de l’Andalousie. 

Participation 

3. Ont assisté à la réunion les représentants des Parties contractantes suivantes: 

Albanie, Algérie, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Chypre, Communauté Européenne, 

Croatie, Espagne, France, Grèce, Israël, Italie, Jamahiriya Arabe Libyenne, Liban, 

Malte, Maroc, Monaco, République Arabe Syrienne, Serbie et Monténégro, 

Slovénie, Tunisie et Turquie. 

4. L'Unité de Coordination du Plan d’Action pour la Méditerranée (UNEP/MEDU) et le 

REMPEC étaient représentés à la réunion. 

5. Les institutions et les organisations suivantes étaient représentées par des 

observateurs: Centre de Coopération pour la Méditerranée de l’UICN, CIESM, 

FAO/CGPM, Friends of the Mediterranean, Greenpeace International, Groupe de 

Spécialistes des Tortues Marines de l’UICN, ICRAM, INOC, MEDASSET, 

MEDMARAVIS, MedWet, RAMOGE, SEAGRASS 2000, SHORELINE, UICN 

International, UNEP/CMS, UNEP/CMS/ACCOBAMS et WWF 

6. Le CAR/ASP a assuré le Secrétariat de la réunion. 

7. La liste des participants est jointe en Annexe I au présent rapport. 

Point 1 de l’ordre du jour - Ouverture de la réunion 

8. Mme Zeineb BELKHIR, Directrice du CAR/ASP, a souhaité la bienvenue aux 

participants à la réunion et a remercié le Ministère Espagnol de l’Environnement et 

le Gouvernement Régional de l’Andalousie de l’aide qu’ils ont apportée pour 

l’organisation de cette réunion. Soulignant l’importance de la tâche attendant les 

participants, elle a passé en revue les principaux points de l’ordre du jour. 

9. M. Paul MIFSUD, Coordonnateur du Plan d’Action pour la Méditerranée 

(PAM/PNUE), a également remercié le Ministère Espagnol de l’Environnement et 

le Gouvernement Régional de l’Andalousie de leur soutien efficace et de leur 

hospitalité.


Page 2 

10. S’adressant pour la première fois en tant que Coordonnateur aux représentants 

des Points Focaux Nationaux pour les Aires Spécialement Protégées, il a rappelé 

que le but essentiel de cette réunion était de préparer la réunion des Parties 

contractantes qui se tiendra en Slovénie en novembre 2005. C’est pourquoi il était 

essentiel que la présente réunion aboutisse à des conclusions claires et à des 

recommandations précises à l’attention des Parties contractantes. Il a souligné 

l’importance du CAR/ASP en tant qu’élément du PAM/PNUE et l’intérêt des points 

inscrits à l’ordre du jour. 

11. Evoquant le prochain biennium, il a mis l’accent entre autres sur la nouvelle 

stratégie méditerranéenne pour le développement durable, les sources de 

pollution terrestre, la biodiversité et la mise en œuvre du Programme d’Action 

Stratégique pour la conservation de la diversité biologique (PAS BIO) en région 

méditerranéenne. En formulant leurs recommandations aux Parties contractantes, 

les participants devraient planifier les deux années à venir. Convaincu que les 

nombreux points importants de l’ordre du jour donneraient lieu à des discussions 

passionnantes, le Coordonnateur a souhaité que la réunion soit fructueuse et 

enrichissante. 

12. M. Miguel AYMERICH, Vice Directeur Général de la Faune et de la Flore 

Sauvage au Ministère Espagnol de l’Environnement, a souhaité la bienvenue aux 

participants. Evoquant les objectifs globaux en matière d’environnement définis 

lors du Sommet de Johannesburg, il a insisté sur le rôle décisif des acteurs locaux 

dans la réalisation des objectifs régionaux de préservation de la biodiversité. Dans 

le contexte méditerranéen le développement durable impliquait non seulement la 

préservation des ressources mais aussi les activités essentielles comme la pêche 

et le tourisme. L’Espagne, pays touristique par excellence, avait une 

responsabilité de premier plan dans la protection de la Méditerranée et de ses 

ressources ; ce n’était pas un hasard si la Convention portait le nom d’une ville 

espagnole. 

13. L’Espagne prenait des mesures concrètes pour protéger la biodiversité dans le 

cadre du programme Natura 2000 de l’Union Européenne. Elle avait créé 115 

zones protégées couvrant quelques 410.000 hectares d’eaux marines pour 

protéger les oiseaux et la faune sauvage en général. Une grande campagne 

nationale était engagée pour approfondir l’étude et la protection des eaux 

profondes, en plus des régions côtières. Les mesures juridiques adoptées 

récemment en faveur de l’environnement marin portaient sur la création d’un 

catalogue national des espèces menacées, et la publication d’un décret 

réglementant l’observation des cétacés à des fins touristiques. En conclusion, M. 

Aymerich a souhaité que la réunion soit productive et couronnée de succès. 

14. Mme Fuensanta COVES, Ministre Régional pour l’Environnement du 

Gouvernement Régional d’Andalousie a souhaité aux participants la bienvenue 

dans sa région et à Séville. L’Andalousie, fervent partisan du PAM, était 

pleinement impliquée dans plusieurs activités, notamment en matière d’ASPIM. En 

fait, près d’un tiers du littoral andalou, bénéficiait d’un statut protégé et la réserve 

de Doñana est l’une des aires protégées les plus étendues et les plus riches en 

diversité biologique de la région méditerranéenne. Rappelant que la Méditerranée 

n’est pas simplement une mer mais un poumon de l’humanité, elle a réaffirmé


Page 3 

l’attachement des autorités politiques d’Andalousie à la notion du développement 

durable et a conclu en formulant des vœux pour le plein succès de la réunion. 

15. La réunion a été déclarée officiellement ouverte le mardi 31 mai 2005 à 9h30. 

Point 2 de l’ordre du jour - Règlement intérieur 

16. Le règlement intérieur adopté pour les réunions et conférences des Parties 

contractantes à la Convention de Barcelone sur la protection de la mer 

Méditerranée contre la pollution et aux Protocoles y relatifs (UNEP/IG.43/6, 

annexe XI) s'appliquera mutatis mutandis à la présente réunion. 

Point 3 de l’ordre du jour - Election du bureau 

17. Après des consultations informelles, les participants à la réunion ont élu, à 

l’unanimité le bureau composé comme suit : 

Président : M. Patrick VAN KLAVEREN (Monaco) 

Vice-présidents : M. Javier PANTOJA TRIGUEROS (Espagne) 

M. Abdulmaula HAMZA (Jamahiriya Arabe Libyenne) 

Rapporteur : Mme Lina YAMOUT (Liban) 

Point 4 de l’ordre du jour - Adoption de l'ordre du jour et organisation des 

travaux 

18. La réunion a adopté l’ordre du jour provisoire distribué sous la cote 

UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.268/1. L’ordre du jour est joint en Annexe II au présent 

rapport. 

19. La réunion a approuvé l’organisation des travaux proposées par le Secrétariat 

figurant dans l’ordre du jour provisoire annoté de la réunion (document 

UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.268/2). Certains pays ont exprimé des réserves concernant 

la date tardive à laquelle leur étaient parvenus certains documents du CAR/ASP et 

l’absence de nom d’auteur. Un intervenant a rappelé que la règle aux Nations 

Unies est d’envoyer les documents six semaines avant la réunion. La réunion a 

souhaité que dorénavant les documents de travail de la réunion soient envoyés à 

l’avance et qu’ils comportent les noms d’auteur.


Page 4 

Point 5 de l’ordre du jour - Rapports des pays sur l’application du 

Protocole relatif aux Aires Spécialement 

Protégées et à la Diversité Biologique en 

Méditerranée 

20. La Directrice du CAR/ASP a présenté le document UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.268/3 

"Etat de mise en œuvre du Protocole ASP" qui conformément à ce qu’avaient 

décidé les Points Focaux lors de leur Cinquième réunion, propose une synthèse 

des rapports des pays reçus par le Secrétariat sur les activités de mise en œuvre 

de ce Protocole ainsi que le texte des rapports eux-mêmes. 

21. De nombreux représentants, tout en rendant hommage au travail du Secrétariat, 

ont demandé à apporter quelques amendements et précisions au rapport. La 

plupart ont souligné qu’il serait préférable de s’en tenir à l’avenir à des 

considérations statistiques d’ordre général dans le document de synthèse, plutôt 

que des citations particulières de pays. 

22. D’autres représentants ont souligné que le rapport avait besoin d'être complété 

par le Secrétariat en tenant compte des données actualisées à fournir par les 

pays. Un intervenant a suggéré que certaines modifications soient apportées à la 

présentation des rapports (graphiques, tableaux) pour rendre leur lecture plus 

attrayante. 

23. En réponse à ces interventions, le Président a indiqué que le document final 

devrait évidemment être finalisé conformément à une date butoir pour incorporer 

les révisions que souhaitaient apporter les pays. 

24. Le Secrétariat a proposé comme date butoir le 15 juin 2005. Il a également été 

suggéré à tous les participants de présenter avant la fin de la journée toutes les 

corrections qu’ils souhaitaient apporter au rapport. Le CAR/ASP a également été 

invité à faire parvenir aux Points Focaux une nouvelle version du rapport, 

améliorée et plus resserrée, avant de le soumettre aux Parties contractantes. 

25. Le Secrétariat a ensuite noté que le format du rapport sera modifié et adapté au 

niveau système de rapports du PAM, afin d’harmoniser l’information et de veiller à 

ce que tous les rapports des différentes composantes du PAM/PNUE 

correspondent bien aux même périodes. L’actualisation du rapport de synthèse 

sera faite en fonction des données relatives à la période intersessions, étant 

donné que l’exercice biennal actuel faisait spécifiquement référence à la date 

butoir de mars 2005, tout ce qui serait réalisé après cette date serait donc reporté 

au prochain biennium. 

26. Il a également été suggéré de moins privilégier l’aspect analytique du rapport de 

synthèse et d’insister sur les mesures à prendre pour améliorer les situations. Une 

meilleure coordination entre les points focaux nationaux pour l’élaboration des 

rapports nationaux est nécessaire.


Page 5 

Point 6 de l’ordre du jour - Mise en œuvre des Plans d’action adoptés dans 

le cadre du PAM 

a) Mise en œuvre du Plan d’action pour la gestion du phoque moine de 


27. Après une brève introduction de la Directrice du CAR/ASP, certains représentants 

ont regretté que la protection du phoque moine en Méditerranée n’ait pas donné 

lieu à une mobilisation politique suffisante. Il a été procédé à un gros travail de 

recherche, à la formulation de nombreuses propositions et à l’élaboration de 

multiples plans d’action ou de gestion, mais pratiquement rien de concret n’avait 

été fait à ce jour pour protéger cette espèce gravement menacée. Les Etats 

méditerranéens avaient une responsabilité régionale et mondiale dans la 

sauvegarde de cet élément essentiel de l’écosystème global. Toutefois, il a été 

reconnu que certaines activités soutenues par le CAR/ASP avaient été efficaces 

et méritaient d’être soulignées. 

28. Sur l’opportunité de s’inspirer de ce qui était fait pour les communautés de 

phoques moines de l’Atlantique, les opinions étaient divisées ; certains 

participants estimaient que les mesures de conservation prises en leur faveur 

étaient tout à fait pertinentes dans le contexte méditerranéen, alors que d’autres 

ont souligné l’éloignement géographique entre les deux populations ; il a été 

précisé que cette recommandation faisait référence aux colonies qui avaient été 

préservées avec succès à Madère. Plusieurs intervenants ont recommandé de 

revoir la manière de présenter des recommandations plus concrètes. 

29. L’accent a été mis sur la nécessité d’impliquer pleinement la communauté 

scientifique dans le travail de recherche sur l’espèce. Les pays ayant une longue 

expérience de la protection du phoque moine, un savoir-faire technique et des 

programmes de préservation efficaces devaient proposer leur aide aux pays qui 

en avaient besoin, en particulier dans l’Est et le Sud de la Méditerranée. Il a été 

demandé que les efforts se concentrent sur les causes du dépeuplement qui 

peuvent aboutir à l’extinction de l’espèce. Il fallait s’efforcer de sensibiliser 

l’opinion publique en visant en particulier des groupes cibles comme les 

pêcheurs, même dans les pays où l’on n’avait signalé aucune colonie existante, 

et où l’on n’avait pas aperçu de phoque moine depuis longtemps. Dans un 

registre plus optimiste, on a appris que les colonies de certaines îles grecques 

étaient stabilisées et donnaient même des signes d’expansion. Des projets de 

protection menés avec succès le long de la côte turque ont été également cités 

en exemple. 

30. Le Coordonnateur du PAM a invité les participants à la réunion à formuler des 

recommandations concrètes, comme cela avait été demandé lors de la réunion 

précédente des Parties contractantes ; on disposait déjà de données scientifiques 

suffisantes. Il a reconnu la nécessité d’une prise de conscience générale et de 

rédiger un projet de déclaration lançant un message très fort qui serait proposé 

par la réunion pour être soumis à la prochaine réunion des Parties contractantes. 

Cette déclaration figure en Annexe V du présent document. Un groupe de travail 

ad hoc a été constitué pour reformuler les recommandations et préparer la 

déclaration.


Page 6 

31. La réunion a approuvé les recommandations relatives à ce point de l’ordre du jour 

pour transmission à la Quatorzième réunion des Parties contractantes à la 

Convention de Barcelone. Les recommandations figurent en Annexe IV du 

présent rapport. 

b) Mise en œuvre du Plan d’action pour la conservation des tortues marines de 


32. Suite à une brève présentation de la Directrice du CAR/ASP, Monsieur Dimitris 

MARGARITOULIS, Président du Groupe de spécialistes de l’UICN pour les 

tortues marines en Méditerranée a rendu compte de la 2 ème Conférence 

méditerranéenne sur les tortues marines qui s’est tenue à Kemer (Turquie) du 4 

au 7 mai 2005. Il a souligné que cette conférence était un exemple convaincant 

de coopération entre les trois Conventions de Berne, Bonn et Barcelone et qu’il 

avait été convenu qu’elle serait reconvoquée tous les deux ou trois ans. Eu égard 

à l’évaluation régionale pour la liste rouge, thème d’un des quatre ateliers 

organisés dans le cadre de la conférence, il a souligné l’utilité de l’établissement 

de cette liste. Les évaluations finales seraient présentées à l’occasion du 26 ème 

Symposium international sur les tortues marines qui se tiendra en Crète en avril 

2006. Cette manifestation, américaine à l’origine, n’avait trouvé que récemment 

un écho en Méditerranée, mais l’on attendait de nombreux spécialistes 

méditerranéens parmi les quelques 1000 biologistes de terrain et conservateurs 

travaillant sur les tortues marines venus du monde entier pour participer au 

symposium. Il a invité les participants à faire la promotion de cette manifestation 

et à contribuer à mobiliser les fonds nécessaires pour financer la participation des 

chercheurs et étudiants des pays méditerranéens. 

33. La plupart des participants ont apprécié les initiatives présentées et souligné le 

grand intérêt de cette conférence. La représentante de la Convention de Bonn 

(CSM) a salué la réussite de l’effort de coopération entre les conventions et a 

déclaré que la Convention était disposée à coopérer dans la mesure du possible 

à la mise en œuvre des points forts émanent de la Deuxième Conférence 

Méditerranéenne sur les Tortues Marines, figurant à l’Annexe VI du présent 

rapport. 

34. L’harmonisation des marquages a été jugée nécessaire. Le Secrétariat a 

expliqué que le manuel sur le marquage, serait actualisé selon les 

recommandations de l’Atelier sur la Standardisation du Marquage (Kemer, 

Turquie, 2 mai 2005) et de l’évolution des connaissances scientifiques sur ce 

sujet. Il a été également reconnu que la conservation des colonies de tortues 

marines était un travail de longue haleine et que l’éducation et la sensibilisation 

constituent un aspect prioritaire. Le CAR/ASP a reçu une demande d’aide 

spécifique pour la mise en place d’un programme de suivi des tortues marines le 

long des côtes albanaises, libanaises, libyennes et syriennes et 

l’approfondissement de la caractérisation génétique des populations de 

Méditerranée centrale. 


pour transmission à la Quatorzième réunion des Parties contractantes à la


Page 7 



c) Mise en œuvre du Plan d’action pour la conservation des cétacés en mer 


36. Présentant ce point de l’ordre du jour, la Directrice du CAR/ASP a déclaré que les 

actions entreprises dans ce domaine portaient essentiellement sur l’amélioration 

des connaissances de l’état des espèces et le développement des réseaux 

d’échouage dans le cadre d’une collaboration étroite entre ACCOBAMS et le 

CAR/ASP. 

37. Ainsi, une ONG avait bénéficié d’un soutien du CAR/ASP pour l’étude du 

marsouin commun de Mer Egée du Nord. Le Secrétaire Exécutif d’ACCOBAMS a 

remercié le CAR/ASP pour l’appui apporté à cette ONG et a présenté un projet 

sur cette espèce en spécifiant que des négociations sont en cours avec la 

Commission Européenne pour son financement et son extension à d’autres pays. 

38. Divers exemples concrets de coopération entre le CAR/ASP et ACCOBAMS ont 

été présenté tels que: le développement des plans d’action nationaux, les 

réseaux nationaux d’échouages, les questions d’interaction entre les activités 

humaines et les cétacés et l’élaboration de matériel pédagogique. Sur ce point, le 

représentant de la France a fait part aux participants de l’élaboration d’un kit 

pédagogique sur les mammifères marins destiné au grand public et aux 

scientifiques. Plusieurs intervenants se sont félicités de la collaboration entre 

ACCOBAMS et le CAR/ASP tout en insistant sur les besoins en matière de 

formation scientifique. 

39. La base de données méditerranéenne sur l’échouage des cétacés (MEDACES) 

établie à l’Université de Valence dans le cadre d’un accord avec le CAR/ASP 

avait été élargie à plusieurs pays riverains et son extension à la Mer Noire était 

encouragée, toujours dans le cadre de la coopération entre le CAR/ASP et 

ACCOBAMS. Le représentant de l’Espagne a annoncé que son Gouvernement 

avait renouvelé pour 4 ans l’engagement de l’Université de Valence pour le 

maintien de la Base de Données MEDACES et le Secrétariat d’ACCOBAMS 

s’efforcerait de chercher les fonds nécessaires pour l’élargir aux pays qui ne sont 

pas Parties à la Convention de Barcelone. Une présentation sur le 

fonctionnement de la base de données méditerranéenne sur les échouages de 

cétacés (MEDACES) a été effectuée. 

40. En réponse à une suggestion du représentant de MEDASSET proposant de faire 

systématiquement état dans les rapports à ACCOBAMS des observations 

concernant d’autres espèces que les cétacés, le Secrétaire Exécutif 

d’ACCOBAMS a noté que cela posait des problèmes de compétence car les 

observateurs scientifiques sont souvent spécialisés dans un seul domaine. Mais 

que toute synergie était bienvenue. Le représentant de la Libye a remercié 

ACCOBAMS et le CAR/ASP pour la préparation du Plan national sur les Cétacés. 

41. Les représentants du Fonds Mondial pour la Nature en Méditerranée (WWF 

MedPO) et d’ACCOBAMS ont fait remarquer l’impact de l’utilisation illégale des


Page 8 

filets dérivants qui causent la capture accidentelle de plusieurs milliers de cétacés 

et aussi de requins, de tortues et autres espèces marines. Le représentant d’un 

pays a reconnu l’existence de captures accidentelles dues aux filets dérivants, 

tout en précisant que la situation n’était pas aussi dramatique que pouvait le 

laisser croire le rapport d’une ONG locale dont les conclusions avaient été jugées 

très contestables par de nombreux experts scientifiques. Le Président du Comité 

Scientifique d’ACCOBAMS a commenté la projection dans la salle d’un film 

montrant les efforts de plongeurs italiens en Méditerranée pour libérer plusieurs 

cachalots pris dans des filets dérivants. Soulignant la nuisance de ces engins de 

pêche, il a fait part de son pessimisme quant à la situation qui ne fait qu’empirer. 

42. Le représentant de WWF-France est intervenu pour signaler une décision 

encourageante du tribunal administratif de Nice qui avait pris la décision d’annuler 

l’autorisation d’une course de hors bords en Corse en invoquant, ce qui 

constituait une première juridique, l’article 11 de la Convention de Barcelone. 





d) Plan d’action pour la conservation de la végétation marine en mer Méditerranée 

44. Présentant ce point de l’ordre du jour la Directrice du CAR/ASP a évoqué les 

activités d’assistance en matière de cartographie et de surveillance des herbiers 

de posidonies menées en collaboration avec des universités et organismes. Par 

ailleurs, le CAR/ASP avait organisé en collaboration avec les Associés au Plan 

d’action divers symposiums et ateliers de formation sur le thème de la 

cartographie et de l’élaboration d’outils taxonomiques. Enfin, conformément aux 

recommandations des Parties contractantes, le CAR/ASP avait rédigé un rapport 

d’évaluation de la mise en œuvre de ce Plan d’action. Ce rapport figure en 

annexe IX au présent rapport. 

45. Plusieurs intervenants ont fait état des réalisations de leur pays en matière de 

cartographie des herbiers de posidonies, notamment en collaboration avec le 

réseau Natura 2000 de l’Union Européenne. D’autres ont attiré l’attention au fait 

que les questionnaires sont arrivés en retard ; qu’il y a un manque de personnel 

spécialisé pour faire face aux objectifs du Plan d’action et que plus de formation 

est nécessaire dans le domaine de la taxonomie. Certains pays comme l’Albanie, 

l’Algérie, le Liban, la Libye et la Serbie Monténégro ont demandé une aide 

spécifique et plusieurs participants ont souhaité l’établissement d’un programme 

d’activités actualisé de mise en œuvre de ce Plan d’action. Il a été demandé que 

ce document soit affiché sur le site web pour faciliter la diffusion de l’information. 

Le programme d’activité actualisé figure en Annexe X au présent rapport. 

46. Une intervenante a proposé que la publication des travaux réalisés en matière de 

cartographie intervienne dans les meilleurs délais pour mettre en évidence le rôle 

pilote de la Méditerranée dans ce domaine sous la pulsion notamment du 

CAR/ASP. Un représentant a répondu que malheureusement l’accès au fonds


Page 9 

cartographique au niveau des pays se heurtait souvent à des obstacles 

administratifs. 

47. En ce qui concerne la recherche d’autres sources additionnelles sollicitée par 

différents pays, sur la végétation marine, un financement pourrait être envisagé 

pour le prochain biennium dans le cadre du PAS BIO. 





e) Mise en œuvre du Plan d’action pour la conservation des poissons cartilagineux 

(chondrichtyens) en mer Méditerranée 

49. La Directrice du CAR/ASP a rappelé que ce Plan d’action était relativement 

nouveau puisqu’il a été adopté par les Parties contractantes en 2003 à Catane. 

Les activités entreprises ont porté notamment sur la création d’un répertoire de 

spécialistes et institutions concernées, l’élaboration de matériel de sensibilisation 

du public, la définition de lignes directrices pour réduire la capture accidentelle 

d’espèces sensibles, le soutien aux bases de données et l’organisation d’un 

colloque prévu au cours du deuxième semestre 2005. Elle a indiqué que ce 

nouveau Plan d’action devait favoriser la collaboration avec divers partenaires 

dont la FAO. 

50. Plusieurs représentants ont fait état de diverses initiatives (publications, ateliers) 

en rapport avec ces espèces. Un autre représentant, rappelant que les requins 

sont sans doute l’espèce méditerranéenne la plus menacée après le phoque 

moine a estimé que ce qui est nécessaire c’est la collecte de données. La mise 

en œuvre de cette activité relativement nouvelle nécessite le développement et le 

renforcement de partenariat sur l’exemple du Protocole MedLEM, notamment 

avec la CGPM, la FAO et le Groupe des Spécialistes des Requins de l’UICN. Il 

faut aussi veiller à assurer une bonne coordination au niveau national entre les 

Points Focaux du CAR/ASP et les représentants nationaux de la CGPM. 

51. La réunion a approuvé la recommandation relative à ce point de l’ordre du jour 



présent rapport 

f) Mise en œuvre du Plan d’action pour la conservation des espèces d’oiseaux 

inscrites en Annexe II du Protocole relatif aux aires spécialement protégées et à 

la diversité biologique en Méditerranée 

52. Après une brève présentation de la mise en œuvre du Plan d’action par la 

Directrice du CAR/ASP, plusieurs participants ont complété les informations 

figurant dans le document de référence en annonçant notamment que : 

• le CAR/ASP collaborerait avec MedWet à l’établissement d’un 

inventaire des zones humides de Libye ;


Page 10 

• des travaux récents d’enquête (prospection) en Libye avaient permis de 

localiser des espèces d’oiseaux ; 

• en Espagne un projet associant une ONG et le Gouvernement, à 

travers un financement de l’Union Européenne permettant d’identifier 

des zones relevant de la juridiction nationale présentant un intérêt pour 

les populations d’oiseaux permettra d’établir un inventaire qui serait 

utile pour la création de nouvelles ASPIM ; 

• les autorités espagnoles étudiaient des stratégies nationales de 

préservation des espèces d’oiseaux menacées 

• au Maroc une étude de diagnostic dans plusieurs réserves 

méditerranéennes avait été entreprise en vue d’établir des inventaires ; 

un Atlas d’oiseaux fournissant des données sur le statut, la répartition 

et les caractéristiques écologiques et biologiques des différentes 

espèces avait été récemment publié ; 

• en Algérie, un inventaire sur les organismes et experts en matière des 

oiseaux est en cours de sa réalisation ; 

• en Grèce, la création et le contrôle de nombreuses zones protégées 

contribuaient à la préservation de l’avifaune ; 

• A Chypre, 6 aires marines protégées ont été identifiées d’importance 

pour l’avifaune. 

53. Le représentant de la Libye a annoncé qu’on n’avait signalé aucun passage de 

courlis à bec grêle dans un pays qui comptait pourtant de nombreux habitats 

favorables à cette espèce. Il a demandé instamment que la mission prévue pour 

visiter les sites insulaires de nidification de la sterne voyageuse puisse démarrer 

en juillet 2005 avec le CAR/ASP. 

54. Plusieurs participants ont demandé que soient précisées les modalités de la 

coopération du CAR/ASP avec d’autres partenaires et que le réseau de cette 

coopération soit élargi pour inclure tous les partenaires concernés. Un appel a été 

lancé pour la mise en place de réseaux transméditerranéens en vue de protéger 

les espèces d’oiseaux menacées, tout en veillant à éviter le double emploi avec 

les activités d’autres conventions ou instruments pertinents. 

55. Il a été indiqué que le rapport d’experts sur la prospection de terrain effectué en 

Albanie en janvier-février 2005, et en Libye n’avait pas été transmis. 

56. A propos de la liste des 15 espèces d’oiseaux les plus menacées de 

Méditerranée, l’observateur de Medmaravis a invité les Etats à compléter le 

recensement de leurs colonies de reproduction et leur répartition en mer (dans la 

perspective de l’hivernage) et d’y ajouter 15 autres espèces car la liste existante 

excluait plusieurs espèces menacées. 

57. Le représentant de la Convention de Bonn (AEWA) tout en exprimant sa 

satisfaction pour le travail de coopération de son organisation en Méditerranée, a 

invité tous les pays de la région à ratifier l’accord spécifique aux oiseaux 

migrateurs, compte tenu de son importance pour la protection de l’avifaune. 

58. Le Secrétariat a expliqué que le principal objectif du symposium prévu à 

Barcelone en novembre 2005 était de définir des priorités en terme d’espèces.


Page 11 

Dans le cadre du calendrier adopté pour le plan d’action, il conviendrait de se 

concentrer sur les 15 espèces menacées déjà identifiées tant dans les régions 

côtières qu’en haute mer. 





g) Mise en œuvre du Plan d’action relatif aux introductions d’espèces et aux 

espèces envahissantes en mer Méditerranée 

60. Après une brève introduction de la Directrice du CAR/ASP, les participants ont 

évoqué les différents problèmes posés par les introductions d’espèces et les 

espèces envahissantes. On a souligné l’intérêt de tirer les leçons d’autres 

initiatives internationales, (notamment dans l’Atlantique) parfois beaucoup plus 

anciennes et des travaux relatifs aux espèces envahissantes terrestres, qui 

concernaient pour l’essentiel la végétation. Plusieurs rencontres internationales 

récentes, dont une organisée par la Convention sur la diversité biologique (CDB) 

et plusieurs ateliers et réunions organisés par la Convention de Berne, avaient 

étudié la question et constituaient une source d’informations pertinentes. Il a été 

reconnu que l’invasion délibérée et incontrôlée d’espèces exotiques avait des 

conséquences désastreuses mais que les décideurs avaient besoin d’être 

davantage informés des risques encourus. Il est important de tirer profit des 

connaissances sur cette question et de se mettre d’accord sur des définitions 

avant de décider des priorités. Le manque de spécialistes de la question a été 

généralement déploré. La représentante de Chypre a déclaré que les espèces 

exotiques n’étaient pas autorisées en aquaculture dans son pays. La 

représentante de la CIESM a informé la réunion de la publication d’un atlas sur 

les espèces exotiques consultable en ligne. 

61. Les participants ont porté leur attention sur un aspect jugé alarmant, celui de 

l’impact des espèces exotiques sur l’environnement, essentiellement de poissons, 

dont certaines faisaient désormais partie de l’écosystème Méditerranéen ou 

étaient commercialisées localement. On a souligné la difficulté d’empêcher 

physiquement ces espèces de pénétrer en Méditerranée par le Canal de Suez ou 

par le détroit de Gibraltar. En fonction des possibilités financières, il a été 

demandé qu’une initiative régionale pour le suivi et le contrôle des impacts des 

espèces exotiques dans les habitats méditerranéens soit entreprise en relation 

avec la FAO et d’informer les pays sur les résultats. 

62. Entre autres initiatives non gouvernementales sur ce problème un participant a 

fait référence au contrôle des espèces exotiques introduites dans les ports (et 

éventuellement dans les marinas). A la lumière des conclusions de réunions 

récentes sur ce thème, des dispositions avaient été prises en matière d’éducation 

avec l’élaboration de cours de formation dans les pays de la méditerranée 

orientale sur les moyens de combattre le fléau des algues toxiques. Dans le 

même ordre d’idée, il a été reconnu qu’il existait une information abondante sur le 

sujet au plan international mais que des efforts devaient être consentis pour 

diffuser cette information dans la région en faisant appel aux technologies de la


Page 12 

communication. On a également fait mention des initiatives de l’Union 

Européenne visant à encourager la coopération entre ses Etats membres sur le 

thème des espèces envahissantes. La Commission Européenne avait avancé des 

propositions pour une politique de la mer qui devrait comportait des dispositions 

pertinentes. 

63. Le Secrétariat expliquait que le principal objectif du prochain atelier serait de 

définir une terminologie et de détecter les lacunes régionales dans la 

connaissance en vue d’y remédier. Des partenariats étaient envisagés ainsi que 

l’élaboration d’un manuel sur l’analyse et la gestion de risques. L’idée générale 

n’était pas de créer de nouvelles ressources mais d’analyser les outils existants 

pour les adapter au contexte méditerranéen. 





Point 7 de l’ordre du jour - Développement des aires protégées marines et 

côtières 

65. Avant d’aborder les propositions d’inscription sur la liste des ASPIM, la Directrice 

du CAR/ASP a présenté les activités visant à promouvoir l’établissement et la 

gestion d’aires protégées marines et côtières. Ces activités s’inscrivent dans le 

cadre du projet régional pour le développement des aires protégées marines et 

côtières dans la région méditerranéenne (MedMPA) associant le CAR/ASP et la 

Commission Européenne avec des partenaires italien, espagnol et français. La 

mise en œuvre a porté sur l’élaboration de plans de gestion d’aires marines dans 

six pays méditerranéens, de plans nationaux pour le développement d’aires 

marines protégées dans deux pays et l’élaboration de lignes directrices et d’outils 

techniques et de sensibilisation. Un appel du WWF a été adressé aux Points 

Focaux pour assurer une protection urgente des aires marines et côtières 

méditerranéennes. 

66. Les représentants de plusieurs pays ayant bénéficié de ce projet ont tenu à 

exprimer leur satisfaction en insistant sur son caractère efficace et novateur, 

estimant qu’il s’agissait d’un véritable projet pilote qui méritait d’être étendu à 

d’autres aires et à d’autres pays. 

67. Rappelant que la surveillance scientifique des aires protégées est expressément 

prévue par l’article 20 du Protocole, une intervenante a noté qu’il fallait examiner 

avec plus de rigueur l’état des ASP pour savoir si elles fonctionnent bien avant 

d’envisager d’en créer d’autres, ce qui implique la mobilisation de ressources 

considérables. 

68. Le Secrétariat a indiqué que l’activité du CAR/ASP ne visait pas seulement à 

promouvoir les ASP mais à travailler à leur préservation notamment en formant 

les gestionnaires d’ASP, en impliquant les acteurs locaux et en s’efforçant de 

valoriser les résultats scientifiques, à favoriser la collaboration Nord - Sud et Sud -


Page 13 

Sud. Par ailleurs, cette expérience avait permis d’établir un répertoire de 

gestionnaires des ASP en ligne, et de réaliser un film sur les aires protégées et 

un coffret DVD et CD pour la sensibilisation. 

69. Le Secrétariat a communiqué les propositions de deux Parties Contractantes 

visant à inscrire de nouveaux sites (4 pour l’Algérie et 1 pour l’Italie) sur la liste 

des ASPIM. Les délégations de l’Algérie et de l’Italie se sont référées aux 

rapports de présentation qui avaient été envoyés au CAR/ASP et figurant dans le 

document UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.268/7. Le représentant de l’Italie a insisté sur la 

qualité du dossier de son pays. 

70. La réunion a été ensuite invitée à décider si les différentes propositions étaient 

conformes aux dispositions de l’Annexe I du Protocole «Critères communs pour 

le choix des aires marines et côtières protégées susceptibles d’être inscrites sur 

la liste des ASPIM". 

71. Certains intervenants ont souhaité qu’une évaluation des dossiers ait été 

présentée par le CAR/ASP et qui aurait aidé à la décision par la réunion. Un 

représentant a apporté des précisions sur l’intérêt écologique exceptionnel de la 

zone couverte par la proposition de l’Italie. 

72. Le Secrétaire Exécutif d’ACCOBAMS a apporté son soutien aux propositions de 

l’Algérie compte tenu de l’importance des zones concernées pour les espèces 

menacées des cétacés et a proposé l’assistance d’ACCOBAMS bien que l’Algérie 

n’ait pas encore le statut d’Etat membre. 

73. Plusieurs participants ont mis en exergue l’importance des ASPIM et finalement il 

a été décidé d’accepter les propositions conformes aux critères figurant dans 

l’Annexe I du Protocole ASP et de recommander leur acceptation par les Parties 

contractantes accompagnée d’une analyse du CAR/ASP. 

74. Il a été jugé que toutes les ASPIM existantes, ainsi que les nouvelles 

propositions, sont situées en Méditerranée occidentale. Un représentant d’une 

ONG a fait état de propositions visant à fournir aux Etats des données 

scientifiques précises qui pourraient déboucher sur la création de huit nouvelles 

ASPIM en Méditerranée occidentale, mais il a souligné que l’initiative des 

propositions appartenait en dernière analyse aux autorités des pays concernés. 

75. Le Secrétariat a rappelé que dans les réunions précédentes il s’était limité à 

vérifier que les propositions étaient conformes aux critères en demandant 

éventuellement un complément d’information aux pays ayant présenté des 

dossiers d’inscription sur la liste des ASPIM. Le Secrétariat a été invité à rédiger à 

l’avenir une brève évaluation écrite sur les propositions d’ASPIM pour faciliter le 

travail d’évaluation des Points Focaux et des Parties Contractantes. 

76. A la demande de la Directrice du CAR/ASP, le consultant responsable du projet a 

présenté le document UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.268/8 intitulé «Proposition de 

procédure d’évaluation des aires inscrites sur la liste des ASPIM ». Ce document 

était conforme au Protocole ASP qui prévoyait la révision du statut des ASPIM 

pour assurer leur protection et leur gestion, mais aussi pour préserver leur


Page 14 

crédibilité. Il proposait une révision périodique tous les six ans en s’inspirant de la 

procédure en vigueur pour les réserves de la biosphère, de la Convention du 

patrimoine mondial, ou encore de l’évaluation des sites Ramsar. Les participants 

ont été éclairés hors séance à l’aide de présentations concernant les expériences 

de la convention sur le patrimoine mondial et celle de Ramsar dans l’évaluation 

des sites classés. Cette révision serait assurée par une commission technique 

consultative financée par un fonds alimenté sur une base volontaire ou par le 

budget ordinaire du PAM. L’originalité du projet était qu’une révision 

extraordinaire pourrait intervenir à l’initiative d’une source extérieure. Dans tous 

les cas, les ASPIM concernées entreraient dans une période provisoire en 

attendant de satisfaire à nouveau aux critères exigés. Le document est complété 

par un formulaire d’évaluation à remplir tous les six ans par la commission 

technique. 

77. Après avoir entendu cet exposé plusieurs représentants ont demandé des 

éclaircissements sur les implications juridiques et sur les incidences financières 

de ce projet, rappelant que le processus de révision devrait viser à aider les pays 

à mieux gérer les ASPIM et non les à éliminer. De toute façon il est apparu de 

l’avis général que ce document avait été communiqué assez tardivement pour 

qu’une décision puisse intervenir sur une question aussi délicate. Il convenait 

donc de prendre note du travail accompli et d’inviter le CAR/ASP à continuer à 

réfléchir au problème de l’évaluation, étant entendu que celle-ci était souhaitable 

afin d’élaborer des critères utilisables pour les soumettre à la prochaine réunion 

des Points Focaux Nationaux pour les ASP. 

78. Suite à une présentation faite par le Secrétariat, plusieurs intervenants ont 

discuté du rôle et des modalités de désignation des ASPIM en tant que ZMPV 

(Zones Marines Particulièrement Vulnérables). La représentante du REMPEC a 

rappelé que la création des ZMPV n’obéissait pas seulement à des 

considérations d’ordre écologique, mais qu’elle devait également tenir compte de 

critères socio-économiques. Quant aux mesures de protection associées à ces 

zones, elles ne se limitaient pas à l’interdiction pure et simple de la navigation, 

mais comportaient d’autres dispositions comme les zones à éviter, la création de 

rails de navigation et autres mesures permettant de concilier les impératifs du 

trafic maritime et ceux de la protection de l’environnement. En conclusion, elle a 

indiqué qu’il fallait faire preuve de réalisme et a informé la réunion des 

développements en cours au sein de l’OMI sur la révision des critères de 

désignation des ZMPV. Elle a signalé que la Stratégie du REMPEC pour la 

prévention et la lutte contre la pollution provenant des navires, avalisée par la 

7 ème réunion des correspondants du Centre en Avril 2005 et qui sera soumise 

pour adoption à la prochaine réunion des Parties contractantes, contenait des 

dispositions sur l’identification et la désignation des ZMPV en Méditerranée. 




présent rapport.


Page 15 

Point 8 de l’ordre du jour - Programme d'Action Stratégique pour la 

conservation de la diversité biologique 

(PAS BIO) en région méditerranéenne 

80. La Directrice du CAR/ASP retrace brièvement l’historique du programme 

PAS BIO qui vise à appliquer une approche intégrée et participative à la gestion 

durable de la biodiversité de la Méditerranée. La mise en œuvre de ce 

programme très ambitieux implique notamment la mise à jour des bases de 

données, le renforcement des programmes de formation et le développement de 

la coopération à tous les niveaux notamment avec les partenaires comme la FAO, 

le WWF - Med et ACCOBAMS. Le projet FEM (PDF-B) de préparation du PAS 

BIO concernant les activités sur la gestion de ressources vivantes et 

l’aménagement des aires protégées qui font l’objet de plans d’action nationaux et 

s’expriment dans des priorités thématiques régionales. Les Points Focaux pour 

les ASP ont exprimé leur regret de ne pas avoir été informé sur le projet du 

document PDF-B, ce qui avait conduit à l’impossibilité de donner leur contribution 

en vue de l’amélioration de ce document. Ils ont exprimé leur volonté de recevoir 

le document PDF-B pour formuler leur avis. 

81. A ce sujet, le Coordonnateur a précisé que l’une de sources de financement 

extérieure potentielle à savoir le FEM ne pouvait financer qu’une partie des 

activités de ce projet. Une contre partie financière des pays ou d’autres bailleurs 

de fonds était indispensable. 

82. Les participants, tout en reconnaissant l’intérêt et le bien fondé des objectifs du 

PAS BIO, ont réclamé des éclaircissement sur un certain nombre de points. Les 

principales interventions portaient sur la difficulté de planifier des activités à long 

terme et de faire coïncider la mise en œuvre des plans d’action nationaux et le 

bouclage de dispositif de financement. Plusieurs intervenants ont insisté sur la 

nécessité de mettre à profit les activités du programme pour renforcer le potentiel 

des pays bénéficiaires par un effort de formation de spécialistes et de collecte de 

données. L’effort d’éducation et de systématisation de la documentation 

(collections des références liste taxonomique) était une condition indispensable à 

la réussite du programme. Plus généralement certains orateurs ont fait état d’un 

manque d’information. 

83. Le Secrétariat a rappelé que contrairement aux plans d’action du PAM visant à 

préserver certaines espèces, le PAS BIO représentait une approche transversale 

de la conservation de la biodiversité qui portait essentiellement sur la gestion des 

ressources marines vivantes et la protection des aires protégées. De toute façon 

le document présenté à la réunion visait uniquement à informer les Points Focaux 

des progrès réalisés concernant le projet PDF-B, qui d’ailleurs n’avait encore été 

officiellement approuvé par le FEM. Les participants ont demandé à mettre 

l’accent sur le renforcement des capacités dans le cadre du PAS BIO.


Page 16 

Point 9 de l'ordre du jour - Autres activités 

Critères communs pour le choix des espèces susceptibles d’être incluses ou exclues 

des Annexes II et III au Protocole ASP 

84. Après une brève introduction de la Directrice du CAR/ASP, le Secrétariat a 

présenté le projet de Critères communs pour le choix des espèces susceptibles 

d’être incluses ou exclues des Annexes II et III au Protocole ASP figurant dans le 

document UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.268/9. L’attention des participants a été 

également attirée sur le document UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.268/Inf.13 expliquant 

comment et par qui ces critères communs avaient été élaborés. 

85. Au cours de la discussion qui a suivi, l’accent était mis sur la nécessité de tenir 

compte des listes d’espèces protégées utilisées par d’autres organismes 

internationaux. Il fallait trouver un équilibre entre l’application des accords 

existants et la nécessité d’actualiser les listes du Protocole en tenant compte 

d’autres listes relevant d’autres accords internationaux. Répondant aux réserves 

exprimées quant aux caractéristiques de la liste rouge de l’UICN, Le Secrétariat 

fait observer que cette liste qui avait beaucoup évolué n’était proposée qu’à titre 

d’orientation. Plusieurs participants ont reconnu qu’il était essentiel de rester 

suffisamment flexible pour pouvoir inclure de nouvelles espèces et 

éventuellement en exclure d’autres au gré des circonstances ; il fallait pouvoir 

adapter en permanence les listes d’espèces à l’évolution de la situation. Par 

ailleurs, certains représentants ont notamment remis en question la définition du 

terme exploitation figurant dans le document. D’autres ont exprimé des réserves 

liées aux implications juridiques des propositions. Par ailleurs, les participants 

avaient eu tardivement le document pour qu’une décision sur ce point puisse 

intervenir dans l’immédiat. 

86. Afin de tenir compte des questions de fonds, de forme et de délai soulevées par 

les participants, le Président leur a suggéré de communiquer par écrit leurs 

commentaires au CAR/ASP qui les intégrerait dans un document d’information 

sur le sujet qu’il soumettrait aux Parties contractantes à leur réunion de novembre 

2005. 





Proposition de programme de travail sur le coralligène en Méditerranée 

88. La Directrice du CAR/ASP a commenté la proposition figurant dans le document 

UNEP(DEC)/MEDWG 268/10. 

89. La plupart des participants ont jugé que cette initiative était louable, s’agissant 

d’un thème d’une grande importance écologique et symbolique, à la fois comme 

indicateur biologique et comme image de la Méditerranée.


Page 17 

90. Fort du soutien à cette initiative, le Président a suggéré au CAR/ASP de donner 

suite à cette proposition,tout en envisageant la possibilité, comme l’avait souhaité 

la réunion, d’élargir ce programme à d’autre biotopes et biocénoses apparentés 

et d’égale importance de Méditerranée si les ressources humaines et financières 

du Centre le permettaient. 

91. La réunion a approuvé la recommandation relative à ce point de l’ordre du jour 




Proposition de programme de travail sur l’utilisation durable des éléments constitutifs 

de la biodiversité marine et côtière en Méditerranée 

92. La Directrice du CAR/ASP a présenté la proposition figurant dans le document 

UNEP(DEC)/MEDWG 268/11. 

93. Au cours de la discussion, certains participants ont approuvé cette initiative 

compte tenu de l’importance essentielle de la question en termes de 

développement durable et notamment dans la perspective du tourisme. D’autres, 

tout en reconnaissant l’intérêt du sujet, ont estimé que le CAR/ASP, compte tenu 

de ses ressources limitées, ferait mieux de se concentrer sur les programmes 

existants visant à préserver la biodiversité (aires et espèces protégées). 

94. Compte tenu des réactions des participants, le Président a proposé de 

recommander au CAR/ASP de développer ce thème avec les autres Centres du 

PAM et la CMDD pour tenir pleinement compte des objectifs du programme de 

travail proposé. 

Point 10 de l’ordre du jour - Eléments pour une stratégie du CAR/ASP 

95. Présentant le document d’information UNEP(DEC)/MEDWG 268/Inf.15, la 

Directrice du CAR/ASP a déclaré que compte tenu de l’importance et le volume 

des activités du centre et la réflexion sur les priorités nationales et régionales 

menées notamment dans le cadre du projet PAS BIO amenaient à s’interroger sur 

ce que pourrait être une stratégie d’intervention du CAR/ASP. Les Points Focaux 

étaient invités à faire part de leurs suggestions à ce sujet. 

96. Au cours d’une discussion qui a suivi, certains participants ont exprimé des 

réserves quant à l’intérêt et à l’opportunité de cet exercice, d’autres ont exprimé 

leur intérêt sur les axes et principes développés. 

97. Le Coordonnateur a estimé que le choix du terme « stratégie » était peut être 

erroné et qu’il serait préférable de parler d’un « plan opérationnel de mise en 

œuvre » des activités du CAR/ASP. Les participants souhaitent une meilleure 

coordination entre le CAR/ASP et les autres Centres d’Activités Régionales et 

l’Unité de Coordination et un suivi des actions régionales pour atteindre les 

résultats de l’évaluation globale du PAM.


Page 18 

98. Tirant les conclusions du débat, le Président a suggéré au CAR/ASP de 

poursuivre sa réflexion sur cette question afin d’élaborer et présenter 

ultérieurement des propositions plus concrètes. 

Point 11 de l’ordre du jour - Programme et budget pour la prochaine 

période biennale (2006-2007) 

99. La Directrice du CAR/ASP et le Secrétariat ont présenté une vue d’ensemble des 

activités suggérées aux Parties contractantes pour la période 2006-2007 par le 

CAR/ASP ainsi que le budget correspondant en Euros. Le document contenant 

les propositions du programme et budget du CAR/ASP pour le prochain exercice 

biennal (2006-2007) a été distribué en tant qu’annexe 1 du document 

UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.268/4. La réunion a entendu un exposé des objectifs 

proposés en conformité avec la vocation essentielle du Centre, à savoir 

poursuivre la mise en place d’un réseau représentatif d’aires protégées en 

Méditerranée. Le Coordonnateur a ensuite expliqué que compte tenu du 

passage du dollar US à l’Euros, il avait été décidé que les budgets des Centres 

du MAP ne seraient pas modifiés pour le prochain exercice biennal. 

100. En réponse à des demandes d’exposés plus détaillés sur les lignes 

budgétaires proposées, le Secrétariat a distribué un nouveau document CRP.3 

sur le projet du budget 2006-2007 correspondant à la mise en œuvre des 

activités du CAR/ASP. 

101. Ce document a donné lieu à une nouvelle discussion au cours de laquelle des 

suggestions ont été faites en fonction des priorités notamment financières 

attribuées aux différentes activités et pour chaque ligne d’action. Les participants 

ont également proposé des changements dans la liste même des actions. Il a été 

entendu que, dans le respect du consensus, les points de vue exprimés et les 

propositions spécifiques des participants permettraient au Secrétariat de formuler 

des suggestions aux Parties contractantes pour le prochain exercice biennal. 

Point 12 de l’ordre du jour - Questions diverses 

102. Aucune autre question n’a été soulevée. 

Point 13 de l’ordre du jour - Adoption du rapport de la réunion 

103. La réunion a adopté le présent rapport sur ses travaux le vendredi 03 juin 

2005, sur la base du projet de rapport 

Point 14 de l’ordre du jour - Clôture de la réunion 

104. Après les civilités d’usage, le président a prononcé la clôture de la réunion le 

vendredi 3 juin 2005, à 17h25.

ANNEX I 

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

ALBANIA – ALBANIE 

Mr Zamir DEDEJ 

Director of Nature Protection 

Ministry of Environment 

Rruga Durresi, Nr. 27, Tirana 

ALBANIA 

Tel: 355.42.70.624 

Fax: 355.4.27.06.27 

Mobile : 355.68.21.80.733 

E-mail: zamir@cep.tirana.al 

ALGERIA – ALGERIE 

Ms Zohra SILAKHAL 

Ingénieur Chef de Bureau 

Ministère de l’Aménagement du Territoire 

et de l’Environnement 

Rue des quatre canons 

Alger – Algérie 

Tel: 213 21 43 28 84 

Fax: 213 21 43 28 84 

E-mail: Silakhalz@yahoo.fr 

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA 

BOSNIE-HERZEGOVINE 

Mr Ivan BUNTIC 

B.Sc.Biology 

Ministry of Civil Engineering, Physical 

Planning And Environmental Protection 

Herzegovina-Neretva Canton 

3 Stjepana Radica Str. 

88 000 Mostar 

Bosnia & Herzegovina 

Tel: 387 36 312 189 / 324 324 

Fax: 387 36 312 190 

E-mail: igh-mostar@igh-mostar.ba 

ivan.buntic@tel.net.ba 

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 

LISTE DES PARTICIPANTS 

CONTRACTING PARTIES 

PARTIES CONTRACTANTES 

CROATIA – CROATIE 

UNEP/DEC(MED) WG.268/12 

Annex I 

Page 1 

Ms MAJA PALKOVIC 

Ministry of Culture; Nature Protection 

Directorate 

Runjaninova 2, 10000 Zagreb 

CROATIA 

Tel: 385 14 866 112 

Fax: 385 14 866 100 

E-mail: maja.palkovic@min-kulture.hr 

CYPRUS – CHYPRE 

Ms Myroula HADJICHRISTOFOROU 

Head of Marine Environment Division of 

the Department of Fisheries and Marine 

Research 

Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources 

and Environment 

13 Aeolou Street 1416 

Nicosia - CYPRUS 

Tel: 357.22.30.39.01 

Fax: 357.22.77.59.55 

E-mail: andrecws@logos.cy.net 

EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 

COMMUNAUTE EUROPENNE 

Mr Placido HERNANDEZ AGUILAR 

Administrator 

European Commission 

Environment General Directorate 

BU9 09/107 

1049 Bruxelles 

BELGIQUE 

Tel: 32.2.29.50.113 

Fax: 32.2.29.90895 

E.mail: Placido.Hernandez-Aguilar@cec.eu.int


Annex I 

Page 2 

FRANCE 

Ms Martine BIGAN 

Chargée de mission espèces marines 

Direction de la Nature et des Paysages 

Ministère de l’Ecologie et du 

Développement Durable 

20 Avenue de Ségur 

F-75007 Paris – France 

Tel: 33.1.42.19.18.70 

Fax: 33.1.42.19.19.30 

E-mail: martine.bigan@ecologie.gouv.fr 

Mr Philippe ROBERT 

Pour la Délégation Française 

Parc National de Port-Cros 

Rue Ste Claire 

F-83418 Hyères cedex 

France 

Tel: 33 4 94 12 82 30 

Fax: 33 4 94 12 82 31 

E-mail: philippe.robert@espaces-naturels.fr 

GREECE – GRECE 

Ms Athena MOURMOURIS 

Head, Department of Nature 

Management 

Ministry of the Environment, Physical 

Planning and Public Works 

36, Trikalon Str. GR 11526, Athens 

Greece 

Tel: 30 210 69 17 620 

Fax: 30 210 69 18 487 

E-mail: a.mourmouri@dpers.minenv.gr 

Ms Eleni TRYFON 

Department of Nature 

Management 

Ministry of the Environment, Physical 

Planning and Public Works 

36, Trikalon Str. GR 11526, Athens 

Greece 

Tel: +30.210.69.18.202 

Fax: +30.210.69.18.487 

E-mail: tdfp@minenv.gr 

e.trifon@dpers.minenv.gr 

ISRAEL – ISRAËL 

Mr Eliezer FRANKENBERG 

Division of Science and Conservation 

Nature and National Parks Protection 

Authority (NNPPA) 

3 Am Ve’Olamo St. 

95463 Jerusalem - ISRAEL 

Tel: 972.2.500.5.444/427 

Tel: 972.57.776.22.33 (Mobile) 

Fax: 972.2.6529 232 

E.mail: Eliezer.frankenberg@nature-parks.org.il 

ITALY - ITALIE 

Pr Giulio RELINI 

National Focal Point 

Laboratori di biologia marina el Ecologia 

Animale 

Corso Europa, 26 

Università di Genova 

DIP.TE.RIS, 

16126 Genova 

ITALIE 

Tel: 39.010.353.3016 / 357.888 

Fax: 39.010.353.3016 

E-mail: sibmzool@unige.it 

biolmar@unige.it 

LEBANON – LIBAN 

Ms Lina YAMOUT 

Chief of Protection of Urban Environment 

Service 

SPA Focal Point 


Lazarieh building, P.O. Box 11-2727 

Beirut 

Tel: 961 1 97 65 55 ext.443 

Fax: 961 1 97 65 30 

E-mail: l.yamout@moe.gov.lb

LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA 

JAMAHIRIYA ARABE LIBYENNE 

Mr Abdulmaula HAMZA 

Researcher, Nature conservation Dept. 

EGA Libya 

Environment General Authority (EGA) 

P.O Box 13793 University Post 

Tripoli – Libya 

Tel: 218 21 48 70 266 

Fax: 218 21 48 72 160 

E-mail: abdhamza@yahoo.com 

MALTA - MALTE 

Ms Carmen MIFSUD 

Nature Protection Unit 

Environment Protection Directorate 

Malta Environment and Planning 

Authority 

St. Francis Ravelin 

PO Box 200, Marsa GPO 01, 

Floriana - Malta 

Tel: 356.2290.6008 – 356.2290.0000 

Fax: 356.2290.1585 

E-mail: carmen.mifsud@mepa.org.mt 

MOROCCO – MAROC 

Mr Mustapha MARRAHA 

Ingénieur en chef au Service 

d’Aménagement des Parcs et Réserves 

Naturelles 

Haut Commissariat aux eaux et Forêts et 

à la Lutte contre la désertification 

3. Rue Haroun Errachid Adgal Rabat 

Tel: 212 67 11 74 60 

Fax: 212 37 66 08 26 / 212 37 67 00 87 

E-mail: marraha_mustapha@yahoo.fr 

MONACO 

Mr Patrick VAN KLAVEREN 

Délégué à l’Environnement International 

et Méditerranéen 

Place de la Visitation 

98000 MONACO 

Tel: 377 93 15 81 48 

Fax: 377 93 50 95 91 

E-mail: pvanklaveren@gouv.mc 


Annex I 

Page 3 

SERBIA & MONTENEGRO 

SERBIE & MONTENEGRO 

Ms Vesna MACIC 

Institute of marine biology 

P.Box 69 

85330 Kotor 

Serbia and Montenegro 

www.ibmk.org 

mob. tel. +381 67 562 184 

Fax: 381 82 334 570 

E-mail: vmacic@ibmk.org 

SLOVENIA – SLOVENIE 

Mr Robert TURK 

Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for 

Nature Conservation 

Regional Piran Unit 

Tartinijev trg 12 

6330 Piran - R Slovenija 

Tel: 386.5.67.10.901 

Fax: 386.5.67.10.905 

E-mail: robert.turk@zrsvn.si 

SPAIN – ESPAGNE 

Mr Javier PANTOJA 

Marine Biodiversity Programme Officer / 

Ministry of Environment / Directorate 

General for Biodiversity 

Gran Via de San Francisco, 4 

E-28005 – Madrid (Spain) 

Tel: 34 91 596 46 11 

Fax: 34 91 596 48 09 

E-mail: jpantoja@mma.es 

Ms Marià Jesus DE PABLO 

Technical Advisor 

Ministry of Environment, Directorate 

General for Biodiversity 

Gran Vià de San Francisco, 4 

E-28005 

Madrid – SPAIN 

Tel: 34 91 596 46 11 

Fax: 34 91 596 48 09 

E-mail: biodivmarina@mma.es


Annex I 

Page 4 

Mr Borja HEREDIA 

Head of Area 

DG Biodiversity – Ministry of Environment 

Gran Via de San Francisco 4 

28005 Madrid 

Tel: 34 91 596 46 58 

Fax: 34 91 596 48 09 

E-mail: bheredia@mma.es 

Mr Juan Jesùs MARTIN JAIME 

Director Aula del Mar de Malaga 

Asociación para la conservacion del 

medio marino 

Avda. Manuel Agustin Heredia 35 

29001 Malaga (Spain) 

Tel: 34 952 22 92 87 

Fax: 34 952 22 03 88 

E-mail: crema@auladelmar.info 

Mr Juan ANTONIO RAGA 

University of Valencia 

Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y 

Biologia Evolutiva 

Poligono de la Coma s/n, 46980 Paterna 

– Valencia – Spain 

Tel: 34 96 35 44 375 

Fax: 34 96 35 43 733 

E-mail: toni.raga@uv.es 

Mr Fernando MOLINA VAZQUEZ 

Jefe del Servicio de Coordinación y 

Gestión de la Red de Espacios Naturales 

Protegidos de Andalucía. Direccion 

General de la RENP y SA 

Junta de Andalucía 

Consejeria de Medio Ambiente 

Avda. Manuel Siurot, 50 41071 Sevilla – 

Espaňa 

Tel: 34 95 500 35 57 

Fax: 34 95 500 36 36 

E-mail: fernandoa.molina@juntadeandalucia.es 

Ms Cristina GONZALEZ CASTILLO 

Asistencía Tecnica. Servicio de 

Coordinacion y Gestion de la Red de 

Espacios Naturales Protegidos de 

Andalucia 



Espaňa 

Tel: 34 95 500 35 57 

Fax:34 95 500 36 36 

E-mail: cristina.gonzalez.ext@juntadeandalucia.es 

Mr Manuel RODRIGUEZ DE LOS SANTOS 

Jefe del Departamento de Coordinacion 

de Parques Naturales 




Espaňa 

Tel: 34 95 500 35 57 

Fax: 34 95 500 36 36 

E-mail:manuel.rodriguez.santos@juntadeandalucia.es 

Ms Rosario PINTOS MARTIN 

Directora General de la Red de Espacios 

Naturales Protegidos y Servicios 

Ambientales 




Espaňa 

Tel: 34 95 500 35 03 

Fax: 34 95 500 36 36 

E-mail: dgrenpsa.cma@juntadeandalucia.es 

Mr Javier CACHON DE MESA 

MAP Spanish Focal Point/Head of the 

Marine Environment Protection Division 

Ministry of the Environment D G Coasts 

Pza. San Juan de la Cruz, s/n 

Tel: 34 91 597 56 89 

Fax: 34 91 597 69 02 

E-mail: jcachon@mma.es 

Mr Fernando OSTOS JIMENEZ 

DPTO. Coordinacion RENPA 

Junta de Andalucia 

Oficino P.N. del Estrecho 

Jardin Bobluro de B. Fernando 

C/ Coghen s/n 

11100 San Fernando (cadiz) 

Tel: 34. 95.50.03.545 

E-mail: fernando.ostos@juntadeandalucia.es

Mr Manuel Jesùs CADELLO MEDINA 

Director conservador P.N. del Estrecho 

Junta de Andalucia 

Oficino P.N. del Estrecho 

Jardin Bobluro de B. Fernando 

C/ Coghen s/n 

11100 San Fernando (cadiz) 

Tel: 34. 95.50.03.545 

E-mail: fernando.ostos@juntadeandalucia.es 

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC 

REPUBLIQUE ARABE SYRIENNE 

Dr. Akram ISSA DARWISH 

Director of Biodiversity and Protected 

Areas Department 

Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs 

B.O.P. 3773 – DAMASCUS 

SYRIA 

Tel: 963.11.444.76.08 

Fax: 963.11.444.76.08 

Mobile : 963.94 71 25 79 

E-mail: akramisa@scs-net.org 

TUNISIA – TUNISIE 

Mr. Habib BEN MOUSSA 

Directeur 

l’Agence Nationale de Protection de 

l’Environnement (ANPE 

12. Rue du Cameroun – Tunis 1002 

TUNISIE 

Tel: 216.71.840.221 / 71.287.197 

Fax: 216.71.848.069 / 71.890.032 

E-mail: h.bmoussa@apal.nat.tn 

TURKEY – TURQUIE 


Annex I 

Page 5 

Mr. Aybars ALTIPARMAK 

Focal Point of Turkey / Expert 

Republic of Turkey 

Ministry of Environment & Forests 

10 Nolu Bina Cevre ve Orman Bakanlgi 

Sögütözü – Ankara 

Turkey 

Tel: +90 312 29 64 000 / 2336 

Fax: +90 312 212 28 04 

E-mail: aaltiparmak@cevre.gov.tr


Annex I 

Page 6 

UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (UNEP) 

PROGRAMME DES NATIONS UNIS POUR L’ENVIRONNEMENT (PNUE) 

COORDINATION UNIT FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN (UNEP/MAP) 

UNITE DE COORDINATION DU PLAN D’ACTION POUR LA MEDITERRANEE 

(PNUE/PAM) 

Mr Paul MIFSUD 

MAP Coordinator 

UNEP/MAP 

PO Box 18019 

48 Vassileos Konstantinou Avenue 

11635 Athens 

GREECE 

Tel: 30 210 72 73 100 

Fax: 30 210 72 53 19 6/7 

E-mail: paul.mifsud@unepmap.gr 

Ms Tatjiana HEMA 

Programme Officer 

UNEP/MAP 

PO Box 18019 

48 Vassileos Konstantinou Avenue 

11635 Athens 

GREECE 

Tel: 30 210 72 73 100 / 115 

Fax: 30 210 72 53 19 6/7 

E-mail: thema@unepmap.gr 

REMPEC 

Ms. Lilia KHODJET EL KHIL 

Technical Officer 

Manoel Island 

Gzira GZR 03 

MALTA 

Tel: 356.21.33.72.96/7/8 

Fax: 356.21.33.99.51 

E-mail: rempec@rempec.org 

lilia_khodjet@rempec.org 

Mr Delmar BLASCO 

MAP Externe Evaluation Team Leader 

Escoles 4 

17761 CABANES 

SPAIN 

Tel: 34 972 50 85 89 

E-mail: dablasco@wanadoo.es 

REGIONAL ACTIVITY CENTRES OF MAP 

CENTRES D’ACTIVITES REGIONALES DU PAM


Annex I 

Page 7 

REGIONAL ACTIVITY CENTRE FOR SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS 

(RAC/SPA) 

CENTRE D’ACTIVITES REGIONALES POUR LES AIRES SPECIALEMENT 

PROTEGEES (CAR/ASP) 

Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat 

BP 337 – 1080 Tunis cedex 

TUNISIE 

Tel: 216 71 206 649 / 216 71 206 485 / 216 71 206 851 

Fax: 216 71 206 490 

www.rac-spa.org 

Ms. Zeineb BELKHIR 

Director 

E-mail: zeineb.belkhir@rac-spa.org.tn 

Mr Denis ETIENNE 

Scientific Director 

E-mail: denis.etienne@rac-spa.org.tn 

Mr Daniel CEBRIAN-MENCHERO 

Expert Marine Biologist 

E-mail: daniel.cebrian@rac-spa.org.tn 

Mr Atef OUERGHI 


E-mail: atef.ouerghi@rac-spa.org.tn 

Ms Souha EL ASMI 


E-mail: souha.asmi@rac-spa.org.tn 

Ms Lobna BEN NAKHLA 


E-mail: lobna.bennakhla@rac-spa.org.tn 

Mr Taieb CHERIF 

Administrative and Finance Officer 

E-mail: taieb.cherif@rac-spa.org.tn 

Ms Souad FATNASSI BEN AOUICHA 

Bilingual Secretary 

E-mail:souad.benaouicha@rac-spa.org.tn 

Ms Naziha BEN MOUSSA 


E-mail: naziha.benmoussa@rac-spa.org.tn 

Ms Habiba MAKHLOUF 


E-mail: car-asp@rac-spa.org.tn 

Mr Lucien CHABASON 

Consultant 

54 rue du fg St Honoré 

75008 Paris France 

Fax: 0033 142654484 

E-mail: lucienchabason@wanadoo.fr 

Mr Giuseppe NOTARBARTOLO DI 

SCIARA 

Consultant 

Marine conservation policy 

Tethys Research Institute 

c/o Acquatio Civico 

Viale G.B. Gadio 2, 20121 Milano, 

Italy 

Tel: 39 335 63 76 035 

Fax: 39 02 700 518 468 

E-mail: disciara@tin.it 

Mr Arturo LOPEZ 

Consultant 

Directeur Technique 

PANGEA Consultores S.L. 

Ronda de Toledo, 16, Ofic. 307 

28005 Madrid – Espagne 

Tel: +34 902 366 121 

Fax: +34 91 467 08 15 

E-mail: arturo.lopez@pangea21,com 

www.pangea21.com


Annex I 

Page 8 

Ms Stefanie WEYKAM 

Consultante 

C/Don Quijote 6, 3° izq. 

28020 Madrid 

Tel/Fax: +34 91 534 60 87 

Mobile: +34630 45 41 66 

E-mail: sweykam@teleline.es 

Mr. Jean-Pierre LERAY 

Réviseur Français 

4 Rue de l’Eglise 

34800 Ceyras - Montpellier 

FRANCE 

Tel / Fax: 00 33 4 67 96 01 45 

E-mail: engel-leray@tiscali.fr 

CIESM 

Dr Paula MOSCHELLA, 

CIESM Program Specialist for Biological 

Systems and Conservation. 

16 Bd de Suisse 

MC 98000 

MONACO 

Tel : 377 93 30 38 79 

FAX : 377 92 16 11 95 

E-mail : pmoschella@ciesm.org 

FAO/GFCM 

Mr Jordi LLEONART 

FIRM F-321 

FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 

00100 Rome, Italy 

Tel: + (39) 06 570 56354 

Fax: + (39) 06 570 53020 

E-mail: Jordi.Lleonart@fao.org 

OBSERVERS - OBSERVATEURS 

Mr. Andrew BENSON 

Réviseur Anglais 

41 Rue des Bouchers 

77000 Strasbourg 

FRANCE 

Tel: +33 06 08 82 97 16 mobile 

E-mail : andrewbenson@yahoo.co.uk 

FRIENDS OF THE 

MEDITERRANEAN 

Mr Humberto DA CRUZ 

Président 

Friends of the Mediterranean 

C/Luchana 4,3 

Tel : 34 91 44 58 018 

Fax : 34 91 32 34 161/34 91 44 58 018 

E-mail : mediterraneo@ecodesarrollo.org 

Ms Paloma PACHECO 

SPAMI Campaign Coordinator 

C/Luchana 4,3 

Tel: 34 91 44 58 018 

Fax: 34 91 32 34 161/34 91 44 58 018 

E-mail: mediterraneo@ecodesarrollo.org 

GREENPEACE INTERNATIONAL 

Mr Sebastian LOSADA FIGUEIRAS 

Oceans campaigner 

Ottho Heldringstraat 5 

1066 AZ Amsterdam 

The Netherlands 

Phone: +31 (0)20 718 2143 / 2000 

Fax: +31 (0) 20 514 8151 

E-mail: slosada@es.greenpeace.org 

www.greenpeace.org

Ms Karli THOMAS 

Oceans campaigner 

Ottho Heldringstraat 5 

1066 AZ Amsterdam 

The Netherlands 

Phone: +31 (0)20 718 2 176 / 2000 

Fax: +31 (0) 20 514 8151 

E-mail : karli.thomas@int.greenpeace.org 

www.greenpeace.org 

ICRAM 

Dr Leonardo TUNESI 

Chief of the 3 rd Department “Habitats and 

Biodiversity Protection” 

Via Di Casalotti, 300 

00166 Roma - Italy 

Tel: 39.06.615.70 465 

Fax: 39.06.615.50.581 

E-mail : l.tunesi@icram.org 

Inter-Islamic Sciences and 

Technology Network on 

Oceanography (INOC) 

Mr Abdelouahab CHOUIKHI 

Directeur Exécutif 

Baku Bulvar, N° 32 Inciralti – Izmir 

Turkey 

Tel: 90 232 279 15 22 

Fax: 90 232 279 05 02 / 278 50 82 

E-mail: a.chouikhi@deu.edu.tr 

IUCN - The World Conservation 

Union 

Ms Georgina PEARD 

Project Officer-World Heritage 

Programme on Protected Areas 

Rue Manverney 

1196 Gland 

Suisse 

Tel: +41 22 999 0158 

Fax: +41 22 999 0015 

E-mail: georgina.peard@iucn.org 

www.iucn.org 


Annex I 

Page 9 

IUCN Centre for Mediterranean 

Cooperation 

Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia 

Calle Maria Curie, 35 

Campanillas – 29590 Malaga - Spain 

Fax : 34.9.52.028.430 

Tel: 34.9.52.028.145 

E-mail: uicnmed@iucn.org 

www.uicnmed.org 

www.iucn.org 

Mr Jamie SKINNER 

Director 

E-mail: Jamie.Skinner@iucn.org 

Mr François SIMARD 

Marine Programme coordinator 

E-Mail: francois.simard@iucn.org 

Mr Andres ALCANTARA 

Protected Areas Programme Coordinator 

E-mail: Andres.alcantara@iucn.org 

Ms Marion BROQUERE 

Marine Programme intern 

E-mail: uicnmed@iucn.org 

Ms Lourdes LAZARO 

Communication officer 

E-mail: Lourdes.lazaro@iucn.org 

Mr Ameer ABDULLA 

Marine Programme Officer 

E-mail: ameer.abdula@iucn.org 

Ms. Virginia TSCHOPP 

Programme Officer 

Email: virginia.tschopp@iucn.org 

IUCN’s MARINE TURTLE 

SPECIALIST GROUP 

Mr Dimitris MARGARITOULIS 

Regional Chair 

Marine Turtle Specialist Group (MTSG) 

P.O. Box 51154 c/o ARCHELON 

GR – 14510 Kifissia, Greece 

Tel: 30.210.62.03.873 

Fax: 30.210.62.03.663 

E-mail: margaritoulis@archelon.gr


Annex I 

Page 10 

MEDASSET 

Mediterranean Association to 

Save the Sea Turtles 

Mr Vassilis KOUROUTOS 

Executive Director 

1c Licavitou St., 106 72 Athens, Greece 

Tel: 30 210 36 13 572 / 30 210 36 40 389 

Fax: 30 210 36 13 572 

E-mail: medasset@medasset.gr 

www.euroturtle.org 

www.medasset.org 

www.medasset.gr 

MEDMARAVIS 

Mr Xavier MONBAILLIU 

BP 512 – 83470 Saint-Maximin, 

France 

Tel: 33.4.94.59.40.69 

Fax: 33.4.94.59.47.38 

E-mail: medmaraxm@wanadoo.fr 

Dr Emma UNDERWOOD 

The Nature Conservancy 

201 Mission St 

Son Francisco, CA 94105, USA 

Tel: 415-281-0410 

E-mail: eunderwood@tnc.org 

MedWet 

Mr Spyros KOUVELIS 

MedWet Coordinator 

Villa Kazouli, 1 Lambraki str. 

14561 Kifissia – Greece 

Tel: 30 210 808 92 70 

Fax: 30 210 808 92 74 

E-mail: kouvelis@medwet.org 

RAMOGE 

Mr Patrick VAN KLAVEREN 

Chef de la Délégation 

Monégasque à la commission 


98000 MONACO 

Tel: 377 93 15 81 48 

Fax: 377 93 50 95 91 

E-mail: pvanklaveren@gouv.mc 

SEAGRASS 2000 

Ms Christine PERGENT-MARTINI 

Responsible 

Faculté des Sciences 

B.P. 52 - 20250 Corte 

France 

Tel: 33 4 95 45 00 55 

Fax: 33 4 95 46 24 41 

E-mail: pmartini@univ-corse.fr 

SHORELINE 

Mr Carlo FRANZOSINI 

Padriciano, 99 

34012 Trieste 

Italy 

Tel: 39.040.37.55.700 

Fax: 39.040.37.55.701 

E-mail: franzosini@shoreline.it 

UNEP/CMS 

Ms Marie-Christine VAN KLAVEREN 

Secrétaire Exécutif ACCOBAMS 

For the UNEP/CMS Secretariat 

Bonn, Germany 

Tel: 49.228.815.2401/2 

Fax: 00 49.228.815.24.49 

E-mail: cms@cms.unep.de

UNEP/CMS/ACCOBAMS 

Ms Marie-Christine VAN KLAVEREN 

Secrétaire Exécutif 

Jardin de l’UNESCO, les Terrasses de 

Fontvieille 

MC - 98 000 MONACO 

Tel: 377.93.15.80.10 / 20 78 

Fax: 377.93.15.42 08 

E-mail: mcvanklaveren@accobams.net 

www.accobams.org 

WWF 

Mr Paolo GUGLIELMI 

Head of marine Unit 

WWF Mediterranean Programme Office 

Via Po 25/C 

00198 Rome - Italy 

Tel: 39.06.844.97.358 

Fax: 39.06.841.38.66 

E-mail: pguglielmi@wwwfmedpo.org 

Ms Catherine PIANTE 

Coordinateur du projet MedPAN 

MedPAN Project Coordinator 

WWF France 

6, rue des Fabres - 13001 Marseille 

Ligne directe/Direct line: +33 4 96 11 69 

46 

Standard / Office line: +33 4 96 11 69 40 

Fax: +33 4 96 11 69 49 

E-mail: cpiante@wwf.fr 

www.wwf.fr 

Mr Sebastien MABILE 

WWF France / consultant 

6, rue des Fabres - 13001 Marseille 

Standard: +33 4 96 11 69 40 

Fax: +33 4 96 11 69 49 

E-mail: sebastien.mabile@wanadoo.fr 

Direct line: +33 4 91 50 23 40 


Annex I 

Page 11 

Ms Pilar MARCOS RODRIGUEZ 

Marine Protected Areas 

WWF/Adena 

Gran Vía de San Francisco nº 8, Esc. D 

28005-MADRID. 

España 

Tel. (34) 91 354 05 78 

Fax. (34) 91 365 63 36 

E-mail: pmarcos@wwf.es 

www.wwf.es 

Dr Atila URAS 

Marine Consultant –Med PO 

Tel: 90 31 242 78 489 

Mobile: 90 53 63 42 96 92 

E-mail: atilauras@gmail.com

ANNEX II 

AGENDA OF THE MEETING

AGENDA OF THE MEETING 

Agenda item 1 - Opening of the meeting 

Agenda item 2 - Rules of Procedure 

Agenda item 3 - Election of Officers 


Annex II 

Page 1 

Agenda item 4 - Adoption of the Agenda and organisation of work 

Agenda item 5 - Country Reports on the application of the Protocol concerning 

Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the 

Mediterranean 

Agenda item 6 - Implementation of the Action plans adopted within MAP 

Agenda item 7 - Development of marine and coastal protected areas 

Agenda item 8 - Strategic Action Programme for the Conservation of Biological 

Diversity (SAP BIO) in the Mediterranean Region 

Agenda item 9 - Other activities 

Agenda item 10 - Elements for a strategy of RAC/SPA 

Agenda item 11 - Programme and budget for the next biennium (2006-2007) 

Agenda item 12 - Any other matters 

Agenda item 13 - Adoption of the Report of the Meeting 

Agenda item 14 - Closure of the Meeting

ANNEX III 

STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SPA PROTOCOL


Annex III 

Page 1 

STATE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SPA PROTOCOL 

General introduction 

In anticipation of the Seventh Meeting of Focal Points concerning the implementing 

of the Protocol on Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the 

Mediterranean, to be held in Seville, from 31 May to 3 June 2005, RAC/SPA asked 

the Parties to the SPA Protocol to prepare national reports showing the progress 

made in implementing the Protocol in their respective countries, according to a 

format suited to the reporting system established in the context of the Barcelona 

Convention. 

Countries that sent in reports 

The twenty following countries sent in their reports to RAC/SPA on the date set: 

Albania, Algeria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, 

Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Monaco, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, 

Syria, Tunisia and Turkey. 

Three countries (Italy, Cyprus and Turkey) each sent a first report followed by a 

second, fuller report. 

Format adopted when presenting reports 

According to the previously-indicated format, the information was to be presented as 

a summary that should be no longer than six pages. This was not always respected 

by all the countries. The period that was to be covered by the national reports was 

that between the Sixth Meeting of Focal Points (Marseilles, 17-20 June 2003) and the 

Seventh Meeting, planned for Seville from 31 May to 3 June 2005, i.e. the inter 

meeting period extending from March 2003 to March 2005. In some cases longer 

period was covered to give the full picture (see Annex I). 

According to the correspondence sent by RAC/SPA to the Focal Points about 

preparing reports on the national aspect of the implementing of the SPA Protocol, the 

reports were to be based on four main lines, i.e.: 

- a first part for general information, especially on the identity and function of the 

writer of the report, and the national organisations and/or bodies that contributed 

by providing pertinent information 

- a second part describing the administrative and legislative steps taken, according 

to the terms of the Protocol, over the biennial period (2004-2005) 

- a third part for information on how far implementation of the Protocol had 

proceeded at the technical level 

- a fourth part where a description of the possible problems and constraints met 

when implementing the Protocol had been requested.


Annex III 

Page 2 

Although this structuring was generally kept to, some reports were constructed 

according to models that differed from the suggested format.


Annex III 

Page 3 

Summary of National Reports on Implementing the Protocol concerning 

Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean 

Introduction 

The present document, which is a synthesis of the information collected from the 

national reports, was prepared on the basis of an improved format. For more clarity, 

some information was given in the form of tables, to make the progress made in 

implementing the SPA Protocol in the Mediterranean more clearly visible. 

The general information that emerges from the national reports is that few new 

Specially Protected Areas have actually been created since the last Meeting of Focal 

Points (Marseilles, France, 2003). Efforts have been directed more to improving 

institutional and regulatory aspects and to the tools aimed at protecting SPAs and 

conservation of species and biodiversity, than to creating new Areas. 

As to countries joining the relevant regional and international agreements, eight 

instruments are taken into consideration by the countries in their attempts to protect 

the marine environment generally and to protect species, resources and natural 

habitats of ecological and environmental interest for protecting wildlife: 

- The Barcelona Convention, 

- the Convention on the Protection of the Mediterranean Marine and Coastal 

Environment and its Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and 

Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean, 

- the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, 

- the Convention on Biological Diversity, 

- the Berne Convention on the Conservation of Wildlife and Natural Habitats, 

- the Bonn Convention on Conservation of Migrant Wild Fauna Species, 

- the CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of 

Wild Fauna and Flora, 

- the ACCOBAMS Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the 

Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area. 

For those countries that are members of the European Union (Spain, Italy, France, 

Slovenia, Greece, Malta and Cyprus), the directives on protection and conservation, 

particularly Directive 92/43/EC on Habitats and Directive 79/409/EC (Natura 2000), 

were integrated within the national legislation; they cover, according to the writers of 

the concerned reports, at least in part, the countries’ obligations under the Protocol. 

In certain countries, a step by step approach is followed aiming at observing the 

Protocol provisions to the extent of availability of resources (e.g. funding). 

I- General information 

The general information requested includes the identity of the writer of the report and 

the body or authority to whom s/he is responsible, and the parties or persons who 

contributed to the elaborating of the report and/or provided pertinent information, 

including their addresses. It should be noticed here that the reports were generally


Annex III 

Page 4 

made by people employed by the national institutions or bodies or organisations 

responsible for the environment, nature protection and conservation more especially, 

with, in some cases, contributions from NGOs. The information was provided by 

various persons accordind to the field of activity. The impression this part usually 

gives is of growing, sizeable support from the departments and individuals concerned 

by nature protection generally, and protection of the marine and coastal environment 

in particular, for the efforts made to implement the Protocol. 

In most of the countries, responsibility for implementation belongs either to the 

central public administrative authorities or, at the same time, the central and regional 

governments (for local or regional issues), as is the case in Spain and, in part, Italy. 

The information collected in the context of the first part appears in Annex I. 

II- Legal and/or administrative steps taken in pursuance of the Protocol 

A summary of the information emerging from the national reports appears in Annex 

II. RAC/SPA reminded the Focal Points that the national reports had to be restricted 

to the inter-Meeting period 2003-2005, and that for legal measures it had been 

requested that a copy of a text that had come into force should accompany the 

report, or be handed in at the Meeting of Focal Points. Also, it should be pointed out 

that in several reports the instruction that the report only deal with the period 

indicated had not always been respected. 

As for the basic question concerning progress made in implementing the Protocol by 

adopting recent legislative and/or administrative measures, it emerges that the actual 

measures introduced to this end have not been very numerous during the period 

between the two Meetings. However the year 2003 was productive of legal 

instruments; in the European countries, legal measures had been introduced to 

incorporate European Union regulations into their national legislation. In all, 13 laws 

were passed, most of them in 2003, 5 decrees and legal notices (5) in Malta, a 

regional act in Spain, and an unspecified legal instrument for Turkey. 

As for administrative measures, these usually concerned the decisions of councils of 

ministers, acts funding activities especially on a regional scale (Spain), setting up 

boards of directors of parks and/or reserves, encouragement for work on databases 

and study and research projects, etc. In several countries, technical and scientific 

activities were carried on to enable legal texts, Protected Area management plans 

and activity regulatory plans to be prepared. 

III- Technical implementation of the Protocol 

III.1. Lists of Specially Protected Areas created in pursuance of Article 5: 

During the inter-Meeting period, four national parks were created, in Algeria (3) and 

Morocco (1). A marine reserve was created in Algeria and two others were declared 

in Spain; two reserves were cited as being partially protected in Cyprus.


Annex III 

Page 5 

III.2. Suggestions made to put areas within the national jurisdiction on the 

SPAMI List: 

Five suggestions were made on this subject during the inter-Meeting period (see 

Annex III), four by Algeria and one by Italy. 

III.3. List of SPAs established in pursuance of Article 5: 

Only the following countries (France, Italy, Libya, Malta, Slovenia, Spain and Tunisia) 

appended lists to their reports. As for modifications of the borders or the legal status 

of SPAMIs, these were almost inexistent, both as regards the legal system and as 

regards SPAMI borders (see Annex III). 

III.4. Non- indigenous species and GMOs: 

In most of the reports, it was noted that introductions of species were either not 

permitted, or not yet signalled, or still subject to authorization; however, in Spain, a 

list of non-indegenouss species was identified; in France, two species of Caulerpa, 

C. taxifolia and C. racemosa, were being monitored with a great deal of attention; in 

Italy, 541 non-indigenous species were identified in the Mediterranean; in Lebanon, 

22 invasive species were identified; in Libya, 22 invasive species were also identified; 

Tunisia provided a list of identified Lessepsian species. 

III.5. Dispensations from protection measures: 

Dispensations from protection measures were not mentioned in most of the 

countries, except in France, where 35 dispensations were granted for scientific 

purposes, and in Malta, where dispensations were granted for four species for fishfarming 

purposes. 

III.6. Inventory of elements of biodiversity: 

Under this heading information was requested on the dates of making or updating 

inventories of areas containing rare or fragile ecosystems and inventories of 

endangered or threatened floral and/or faunal species, appending the relative 

inventory/ies. The national reports gave only a partial response to this request, and 

few of them enclosed recent and/or updated inventories. This can be explained by 

the lack of human means, particularly taxonomists, as was stressed in the fourth part 

of the report (problems and constraints). The following information was provided by 

the countries about their inventories of the constituent elements of biodiversity. 

Albania: an inventory of wetlands was published; the list of fauna species exists; a 

red book on flora and fauna is being prepared. 

Algeria: the list of fauna and flora species and of ecosystems was prepared. 

Bosnia-Herzegovina: the report included descriptive lists of Bosnian flora and fauna, 

particularly those in a nature park. 

Cyprus: no inventory mentioned, except for a piece of information on the 2004 

revision of a database on potential areas and species to be protected. 

Egypt: no inventory mentioned or appended to the report.


Annex III 

Page 6 

France: the inventory of areas of ecological and faunistic interest was appended to 

the report; a cartographical guide to the Posidonia meadow in two distribution areas 

was made available; other lists of sites were mentioned, but they are not recent. 

Greece: no list was appended to the report; there was a reference to the database on 

sites in the Natura 2000 European network. 

Israel: no inventory was appended to the report. 

Italy: four lists were appended, including one on introduced species and another on 

species proposed for Annex I of the European Habitats Directive. 

Lebanon: no inventory was appended to the report. 

Libya: no inventory was appended to the report; some studies are being done; the 

SDF was used. 

Malta: no list was appended. 

Morocco: Preparation of a national strategy for the conservation of biodiversity and 

the national Action Plan for land and marine biodiversity. A biodiversity inventory for 

7 protected areas was being started. 

Serbia & Montenegro: no inventory was appended to the report. 

Slovenia: no inventory was appended to the report. 

Spain: the inventory of natural habitats was revised. 

Syria: no inventory was appended to the report. 

Tunisia: a list of non-indigenous species was presented; also, there was a reference 

to three inventories, the most recent dated 2001. 

Turkey: no inventory was appended to the report. 

III.7. Implementing Action Plans adopted in the MAP context 

The Action Plans adopted in the MAP context concerned cetaceans, the monk seal, 

marine turtles, marine vegetation, bird species listed in Annex II to the Protocol, 

cartilaginous fishes, and introductions of species and invasive species in the 

Mediterranean. 

In the light of the reports, the interest shown in these species differed from one 

country to the next and one species to the next; however, marine turtles, vegetation, 

particularly Posidonia, and invasive species were given more attention in the reports 

than the monk seal (absent from some areas), cetaceans (with the exception of the 

three countries that are part of the Pelagos marine sanctuary project – France, Italy 

and Monaco) or cartilaginous fishes.


Annex III 

Page 7 

Implementing the Action Plan on Cetaceans and its related actions were better 

described by the countries belonging to the ACCOBAMS Agreement and the three 

countries that are part of the Pelagos marine sanctuary, in other countries, actions 

were carried on to mitigate the impacts of fishing at the level of by-catch of marine 

mammals (use of pingers) and/or marine turtles. In Libya and Tunisia, cetacean 

Action Plans are being prepared, in collaboration with ACCOBAMS. 

The activities carried on in the context of the conservation of marine turtles 

(monitoring of egg-laying areas and strandings, target training, public and 

fishermen’s awareness, etc.) were numerous and showed the high degree of interest 

shown in marine turtles. An example of this is the monitoring done in Libya in the El 

Kouf National Park. 

As for marine plants, several actions were being carried out to mitigate the harmful 

effects of fishing and the urbanisation of the coast on Posidonia meadows, 

particularly the use bottom dragging gear at shallow depths and the destabilisation of 

the coasts. 

Certain countries, particularly those on the southern shore of the mediterranean, 

were counting on the help of RAC/SPA and the SAP BIO project to help them 

implement their national action plans. Further details and information on 

implementing the secen Action Plans appear in Annex V. 

III.8. Implementing other recommendations made by the Contracting Parties to 

the Protocol 

At the Thirteenth Ordinary Meeting of Contracting Parties, held in November 2003, 

the Contracting Parties agreed on a set of recommendations on nature protection; 

among these recommendations were those concerning Biodiversity and SPAs; those 

relating to the sustainable management of coastal areas and the recommendation on 

integrating development and the environment. In this part of the report, information 

was requested on implementation of the above-mentioned recommendations. 

The following information was noted: 

France: referred to the reports presented on the various MAP Protocols without 

describing or citing them. 

Italy: a guide and an atlas were published (in English and Italian) on 22 protected 

marine areas, and on the Pelagos marine sanctuary. 

Malta: gave a package of information on the implementing of: the recommendation 

concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biodiversity and on training and public 

awareness; Malta joined ACCOBAMS on 13 February 2001. In addition: 

- Malta participated in the joint IFAW/ACCOBAMS scientific campaign; an 

awareness and popularization action followed 

- Coastal areas were being developed and a document related to this was being 

prepared


Annex III 

Page 8 

- Data was provided on a biennial basis to the National Statistics Office to promote 

the situation of threatened plant and animal species 

- Malta took part in a training seminar on biodiversity in the Mediterranean in 2004 

that targeted, among other objectives, adopting a standard system for evaluating 

data processing and biodiversity in the Mediterranean. 

Syria: three training courses on marine protected areas were given; a national 

strategy and four Action Plans for the conservation of marine and coastal 

biodiversity, prepared in the context of SAP BIO, were adopted in 2004 at national 

level. 

Tunisia: as part of the MedMPA project, a plan to manage the marine part of the 

National Park of Zembra and Zembretta was elaborated, in coordination with the 

management plan for the dry land part, elaborated as part of the MedWetCoast 

project. 

IV- Brief description of all the problems and/or constraints met in implementing 

the Protocol 

Among the 19 national reports submitted (see Annex VI), eight did not mention any 

particular problem or constraint. In the 11 remaining reports, the problems raised had 

to do with insufficient coordination and human resources (specialists, especially 

taxonomists) on a national scale, the lack of financial means, clashes of interest (in 

certain countries) between agents belonging to different institutions and, in the case 

of European Union countries, priority being given to implementing the European 

Directives.

Conclusion 


Annex III 

Page 9 

Out of all the countries concerned, 20 responded to RAC/SPA’s request, providing 

reports that described the progress made in their respective countries for implementing 

the Protocol on Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean 

over the inter-Meeting period 2003-2005. Except for some reports where the structure 

recommended by RAC/SPA was not respected, most of the other reports bore it in 

mind. The reports provided important information on the progress made, particularly as 

regards the legal and administrative steps taken and the technical implementation of the 

Protocol. 

Here it should be remembered that during the Meeting of Contracting Parties in Catania 

in 2003, many recommendations were adopted regarding biological diversity and 

Specially Protected Areas (Part II.B of Annex III). These recommendations concern data 

collection and periodical evaluation of the situation, planning and management, the 

implementing of Action Plans and the adoption of new Action Plans (cartilaginous 

fishes, bird species in Annex II to the ‘SPA and Biodiversity Protocol’, and introductions 

of species and invasive species). 

In the light of the reports, it seems that the Action Plans that attracted more attention 

than the others were those that concerned marine turtles and marine vegetation 

(especially Posidonia). The interest felt in other Action Plans differed from one country 

to the next; protection of cetaceans was further developed by the European countries, 

that had erected a sanctuary (called Pelagos) jointly between France, Italy and Monaco. 

For the cartilaginous fishes, interest in these species can be termed ‘growing’, whereas 

introduced and invasive species hold the attention of most countries, but some of these 

suffer from a lack of the human and financial means that would allow them to monitor 

and assess the risks and impacts of these species on native species and their habitats 

(not enough taxonomists, especially in developing countries). 

As to the SPAMIs, the number of declared and/or proposed areas seems limited but it is 

obvious at the same time that much is being done by some countries to prepare the 

pertinent data and documents that would give in the medium term better performances 

as regards declaring and conserving SPAMIs. 

Lastly, the national reports show several measures taken to protect the SPAMIs against 

any kind and source of pollution (oil dumping, dumping, passage of boats, etc.), but 

most of these measures are not recent.


Annex III 

Page 10 

List of Annexes to the Summary 

Annex I: General information 

Annex II: Legal and/or administrative measures introduced in pursuance of the Protocol 

Annex III: List of SPAs created and/or proposed in pursuance of Article 5 

Annex IV: 

- Modification of the legal system for protected species 

- Non-indigenous species and Genetically Modified Organisms 

- Dispensations from protection measures 

- Inventories of constituent elements of biodiversity 

Annex V: Implementation of the seven Action Plans adopted in the context of the 

Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP): Cetaceans, Marine Turtles, Marine Vegetation, Birds 

on the List in Annex II to the Protocol, Cartilaginous Fishes, Invasive Species and 

Introduction of Species 

Annex VI: Problems and constraints encountered when implementing the Protocol

General information 

ANNEX I 

Country Period covered by the Report Writer/s of the Repo Contributing parties 

ALBANIA June2003-March 2005 3 people in the Nature Protection department 

ALGERIA 2003-March 2005 Biodiversity division/Ministry of Land Use 

Planning and of the Environment 


Annex III 

Page 11 

Environment/wilayas department – Forestry 

department – Ministry of the Environment – 

Ministry of Fishing and Halieutic Resources 

BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA June 2000-31 December 2003 MAP office in Bosnia/Herzegovina Federal ministries: - Agriculture, management 

of water and forests – Public works, physical 

planning and environment protection 

CYPRUS June 2003-March 2005 Department of Fishing and Marine Research 

EGYPT 2003-March 2005 Egyptian Agency for Environmental Affairs – 

Nature Conservation Sector Ministry of State fo 

the Environment 

Ministry of State for the Environment 

FRANCE 1 January 2002-31 December 2003 Head Office/administrative and financial affairs Regional PACA+Languedoc- 

Department/Nature and landscapes Ministry of Roussillon+Corsica departments 

Ecology and Sustainable Development -Port-Cros Park -Naval Prefecture, Toulon 

GREECE 2001-2005 Head Office for the Environment/Environmenta Ministry/Agricultural Development and Food 

Planning division Ministry for the Environment, – Head Office for Forests – Head Office for 

Physical Planning and Public Works Fishing Ministry/Merchant Navy 

ISRAEL February 2003-March 2005 International Affairs department Ministry of the Israeli Authority for Nature and Parks 

Environment 

ITALY June 2003-March 2005 Head Office for Nature Protection Ministry ICRAM: Central Institute for Scientific 

/Environment and Territory 

Research Applied to the Sea 

SIBM: Italian Marine Biology Society 

LEBANON July 2003-March 2005 Urban environment protection department Ministry of the Environment -Scientists:- 

Centre for Marine Sciences-National Scientific 

Research Council-Balamand University 

LIBYA June 2003-March 2005 Environmental General Authority Marine Biology Research Centre 

MALTA May 2003-March 2005 Nature Protection Unit/Environment Protection 

department (Environment and Planning Authorit 

MONACO March 2003-March 2005 Foreign Affairs department 

Delegation/International and Mediterranean 

Environment – Ministry of State - 

MOROCCO April 2003-March 2005 

Environment, Town Planning and Construction 

department 

High Commission for Water and Forests and the 

Fight against Desertification (Parks and Reserve 

department)


Annex III 

Page 12 

SERBIA & MONTENEGRO January 2002-December 2003 Ministry of Environmental Protection and -Institute for Nature Protection 

Planning 

-Institute of Marine Biology 

SLOVENIA June 2003-February 2005 PIRAN Regional Office/Nature Conservation 

Institute 

SPAIN June 2003-March 2005 Head Office for Biodiversity Wildlife Regional governments of the Balearic Islands, 

DivisionMinistry/Environment 

Catalonia, Andalusia and Valencia 

SYRIA 2003-2004 General Commission for Environmental Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform 

Affairs/Ministry of Local Administration and th -Higher Institute of Marine Research 

Environment 

TUNISIA January 2002-December 2003 National Environment Protection Agency -Littoral Protection and Development Agency 

– National Institute of Marine Science and 

Technology -Head Office/Fishing and 

Aquaculture -Head Office of the Environment 

and Quality of Life (Ministry of the 

Environment and of Sustainable Development) 

TURKEY December 2002-March 2005 Authority for the Protection of Special Areas

II. Legal and/or administrative measures introduced in pursuance of the Protocol, to: 

ANNEX II 

Protect, preserve and manage marine and coastal areas of particular cultural or natural value (Article 3) 

Create marine and coastal SPAs (Article 5) 

Ensure protection (Article 6) 

Plan, manage, monitor and control SPAs (Article 7) 

Protect and and conserve species (Article 11) 

Introduction of species and/or GMOs 

Dispensation from protection measures 


Annex III 

Page 13 

ALBANIA -Decision of the Council of Ministers in 2003 approving the list of species of Albanian flora to be protected (on the basis of the Berne Convention) 

-Decision of the Council of Ministers on ‘rules for using caves’ 

-Decision of the Council of Ministers on the ‘designation of a wetlands system protected landscape’ 

-Law of 2004 on ‘protection of agricultural lands’ 

-Law of 2004 on the ‘Republic of Albania’s compliance with the Cartagena Protocol on Bio-security under the Biodiversity Convention’ 

-Decision of the Council of Ministers in 2005 on ‘protected area development committees’ 

-Other decisions of the Council of Ministers on funding conservation projects for 2 coastal lagoons 

-No SPA was designated during the inter-Meeting period 

-An Action Plan on protecting the environment against earth-origin pollution is being prepared 

-New rules for creating protected areas and against fishing are being discussed 

-No concrete measures as regards planning, developing and monitoring SPAs (Article 7) 

ALGERIA -The measures introduced during the inter-Meeting period were: 

-The Law of 2003 setting out rules for the use and exploitation of beaches 

-The Law of 2004 on hunting 

-The Law of 2003 on environment protection as part of sustainable development; the Report also mentions a set of legal instruments (laws, decrees, orders) 

covering the period up to and including 2002 (but this was mentioned in the Report to the Sixth Meeting of Focal Points) 

-The Decree of 2003 listing the Habibas Islands Marine Reserve 

-Several study projects are under way 

-Several legal tools banning the discharge of waste into SPAs or regulating the passage of ships or the introduction of species or even activities (Article 6e and 

6h); but there are no precise references or copies in the Report 

-Decree setting out the standard status of national parks, but it dates from before 2003 

-Bill on GMOs being prepared 

BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA -The amendments to the Barcelona Convention have not yet been ratified 

-A law dated 2003 defines the precautionary principle and the polluter pays principle; it also governs environmental impact studies. There are no legal tools that 

are specific to the coastal areas 

-In 2003 a set of laws on water, nature and air protection were published, but there are no legal measures to reenforce the implementation of any protocol, 

particularly as regards the passage of ships, introduction of species and scientific research. 

CYPRUS -5 coastal marine areas were proposed in late 2004 to the European Union as potential Natura sites on the basis of the 2003 law implementing the European


Annex III 

Page 14 

Habitats --Directive and part of the Birds Directive 

-Fishing law amended in 2004, giving the Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment power to declare protected marine areas where fishing, passage of boats 

etc. is banned 

-Law legislating on fishing that regulates the introduction of species (implementation) 

-2003 law on ‘protecting and developing nature and wildlife’, stipulating that a permit is required for any research on protected habitats and species; this law 

implements the European Habitats and Birds Directives 

-Law on fishing (Article 11) that regulates the protection of species (against possession, collecting, trade in, etc.) 

EGYPT -No recent legal tools or measures regarding protection for marine and coastal species 

-No legal tools or administrative measures for creating marine SPAs; the Report mentions the 3 SPAs declared pursuant to the 1983 law 

-No recent legal and/or administrative measures to ensure protection (Article 6) 

-Entry into force in 2004 of the Protocol on Biodiversity under the Convention on Biodiversity; in this context, a national law is being drafted, including use of 

GMOs 

GREECE -Several boards of directors of park management bodies were established 

-Greece’s contribution to the European Natura 2000 ecological network was strengthened 

-Fishing and breeding migratory fishes was regulated (2001 and 2004); a Presidential Decree dated 2003 on fishing for shellfish was set up 

-Legislation on protection of SPAs was modified during the inter meeting period only as regards the Alonnisos Northern Sporades National Marine Park that 

received a renewed designation. 

-No recent legal and/or administrative measure was mentioned as regards planning, and monitoring SPAs. Hunting of all avifauna species of Annex 2 to the 

Protocol is prohibited by Annual Hunting Regulations. 

-Law no. 3044/02 setting up management bodies for 25 areas, 13 of which have marine and coastal parts, and creating new areas; in 2003 an area was designated 

and the boards of directors were established for 3 national parks, 6 RAMSAR sites and 3 new protected areas. That for one park was renewed designation in 

implementation of - European Regulation 1185/03; in 2003 a Presidential Decree modified that on fishing for shellfish 

-Environmental Impact Assessment of works and activities is foreseen by national legislation on the basis of related EC Directive. 

FRANCE -The part set aside for protection and management of marine coastal species is handled according to the protected area and specie categories; it is mentioned that 

there is no specific measure; the national parks are governed by the Environment Code; the same holds good for nature reserves, biotope protection, and site and 

regional park listings. Mention is made of the Conservatoire du Littoral, set up in 1975; this is also responsible for Mediterranean sites (a list of these is appended 

as an Annex) and European Union special conservation areas and special protection areas (also list appended). For species, reference is made to the Environment 

Code, which integrally protects species on List II of the SPA/BD Protocol. The European sturgeon is protected 

-Fishing for grouper by diving is forbidden. Other species of marine flora and invertebrates are protected, but no precise reference is given on the legal tools 

related to this. A revival plan for 2 bird species was launched. Fishing for bluefin tuna requires a special fishing permit, according to a Decree of 2003, with a 

one-month fishing halt 

-In accordance with Article 5 of the Protocol, several nature reserves are mentioned, the most recent dating from 2003 (relevant lists are appended to the Report) 

-In accordance with Article 6 of the Protocol, mention is made of legal instruments creating parks, reserves etc., with anti-pollution protection measures 

-The passage of ships is regulated in SPAs as is the introduction of species or fishing or leisure activities, but there is no reference to recent relevant legal 

instruments 

-Scientific research activities (Article 6) are regulated by the texts that create the reserves. For fishing, there is a reference to standards on minimum size of 

species fished and to bans on catching certain threatened species 

-Planning and managing parks and reserves are provided for by the legal instruments that create them: 

The marine mammal sanctuary was validated in 2004 

The introduction of species and GMOs is regulated by the Environment Code, whose implementing decress are not yet finalized. A national observatory on the 

expansion of Caulerpas was constituted but the Report does not mention the instrument relevant to its creation


Annex III 

Page 15 

Dispensations from protection measures (Articles 12 and 18 of the Protocol) are regulated; 35 permits for catching marine turtles were granted in 2002 and 2003 

Ratification of the ACCOBAMS Accord 

ISRAEL -The law of 2004 came into force in November 2004 to protect the coastal environment; it strengthens the integrated approach to coastal area management 

-Prevention of the introduction of any new species 

ITALY -In 2003, publication of a Presidential Decree with amendments for the implementation of the European Directive on Nature Conservation 

-In 2004, a Presidential Decree setting up the new protected marine area of Plemmirio in Sicily 

-No new measures introduced to strengthen the implementation of the other protocols; mention is made of strengthening the fight against earth-origin pollution in 

the -Pelagos sanctuary. No new measures for the introduction of waste or discharge into the SPAs or for the passage of boats or to regulate the introduction of 

species or of GMOs 

-The Pelagos marine mammal sanctuary is described in accordance with the Agreement that set it up. No new steps taken for SPAs or for the protection and 

conservation of species 

-Italy signed the International Convention for the Monitoring and Management of Ballast Water and Sediment from Boats (London, 2004) 

-National guidelines are being prepared to formulate a ministerial decree containing specific procedures for granting dispensations regulated by the European 

Directive 92/49/EEC 

LEBANON -The Environment Code was promulgated in 2002; legal and administrative measures are being prepared to designate a turtle egg-laying area and a cross-border 

coastal protected area (between Syria and Lebanon) 

-No concrete steps taken officially to set up SPAs 

-The MEDPOL Coastal Litter pilot project funded by UNEP/MAP is being implemented; it concerns the Palm Islands nature reserve (a RAMSAR site for birds, 

created in 1992), a reserve where the dumping of toxic waste is forbidden, the passage of boats is not allowed within 3 kilometres of the area, the introduction of 

non-indigenous plant and animal species is prohibited and activities with harmful effects and scientific research are subject to prior authorization 

-In 2004, an evaluation study was done on biodiversity in the Palm Islands reserve 

-No recent measures regarding the protection and conservation of species (Article 11) 

-Regarding the introduction of non-indigenous species and GMOs, 22 invasive species were identified on the Lebanese coast in the Palm Islands nature reserve 

LIBYA -Establishing the Agricultural and Rural Development Authority under which come the planning and protection of natural sites; no reference to measures of this 

creation 

-A workshop on cetacean conservation was organised in 2004; a study on wintering birds was done in 2005; a workshop on turtle tagging in 2005; Law 15-2003 

(2003) bans dumping or discharge of waste in protected areas; the introduction of non-indigenous species or of GMOs is subject to authorization; catching 

species for scientific purposes is authorized subject to certain criteria; the above-mentioned 2003 law bans fishing with dynamite or toxic substances. After 

joining CITES, Libya intends to pass a national law on the trade in and transport of threatened species 

-No concrete measures regarding planning, developing, supervising and monitoring SPAs (Article 7) 

MALTA -Legal note 257 of 2003 regulating the protection of the natural fauna, flora and habitats; legal note 203 of 2003 regulating the protection of marine mammals; 

regulating the water policy (legal note 194 of 2004); legal note 236 of 2004 regulating the trade in species of fauna and flora; 5 other legal notes dated 2003 and 

2004 on the protection of species, particularly rabbits; a legal note of 2003 regulating GMOs and an order (GN 125/04) on the emergency conservation of a 

protected area 

-For setting up coastal and marine SPAs (Article 5) several measures are reported, including those concerning the European Union Natura 2000 network, but no 

precise recent reference is given in the Report 

-For protection (Article 6): the same remarks, including for the FILFLA protected area, where fishing, diving and underwater activities are subject to 

authorization. 

No recent measures regarding the passage of boats 

-Legal note of 2003 on the protection of flora, fauna and natural habitats, which regulates the introduction of species and scientific research activities 

-The above-mentioned legal notes include measures regulating activities (Articles 6e, 6h), scientific research (Article 6f), fishing and capture of animals,


Annex III 

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collecting of plants and the trade in animal and plant species coming from protected areas; the legal note of 2003 on the protection of fauna, flora and natural 

habitats provides for the protection and conservation of species (Article 11); the legal note 169/02 as amended on genetically modified organisms; the legal note 

170/02 on the introduction of genetically modified organisms, and the legal note 290/02 on the Biological Security Coordinating Committee regulating the 

introduction of GMOs 

MONACO -Agreement on the Pelagos sanctuary came into force in 2002; in September 2004 the Second Meeting of Contracting Parties to the Agreement and implementing 

of the sanctuary’s geographical area, the Management Plan tabled in October 2004 

-No creation of new protected areas 

-A new version of the RAMOGEPOL aerial monitoring plan was signed on 29-4-2005 

-The Code of the Sea bans the discharge of pollutants and fishing in protected areas; scientific activities there are regulated by the sovereign’s order 

-An order of 2005 renders enforceable the amendments to Annexes I and II and the version revised by CITES 

MOROCCO -No precise references to concrete legal and administrative measures introduced in pursuance of the Protocol 

-For the creation of SPAs: 14 sites inventoried, the legal texts for creating SPAs will follow; Prime Minister’s decree no. 5255 of 11.10.2004 creating the Al 

Hoceima -National Park; project to create a Biosphere reserve started in 2003 

-Setting up a clearing house mechanism (CHM) on biodiversity; laws no. 11-03 of 2003 and no. 12-03 relate respectively to the ‘protection of the environment’ 

and ‘to impact studies’; regulations on the introduction of species are described but without giving an exact reference; a bill on rewriting the Hunting Code is 

being prepared; a managemen plan for the marine part of the Al Hoceima Park has been prepared; as part of the MedMPA project, several actions are 

programmed for planning, managing and supervising protected areas, one of which is a regional 5-year project costing 6 million dollars 

-Project on new RAMSAR sites funded by the WWF 

-A bill on GMOs is being prepared 

SERBIA & 

MONTENEGRO 

-Administrative measures are being introduced to elaborate a project aimed at wiping out Erismature 

-In 2003, adoption of Montenegro’s agenda for economic reform which defines the field of biodiversity; recent events in the region have not helped the pertinent 

activities being carried out 

-The law on nature protection has been developed; a decree has established 57 plant species and 314 animal species as protected species; the law on forests, the 

law on hunting and the legislation on fishing are described; there is no concrete reference to legal and administrative measures 

-Several animal and plant species have been identified and recorded; few recent results 

SLOVENIA -In 2004, the law on nature conservation was updated; in 2004, a decree on areas of ecological importance; in 2004 a decree on habitats; in 2004, a decree on 

Natura 2000 sites; in 2004 a decree on protected animal species; in 2004, a decree on protected plant species and a regulatory measure on the protection of 

valuable natural features (2004) 

-Decree on establishing the Strunjan SPA, but without references concerning this 

-No recent measures concerning protection (Article 6) 

-No recent measures concerning planning, managing and monitoring SPAs (Article 7) 

-The above-mentioned decrees include all the species in the Annexes to the Protocol that are protected against capture, possession, slaughter and trade 

-The 2004 law on nature conservation bans the introduction of non-indigenous species except in cases where this has no harmful effect on biodiversity 

SPAIN -Governmental support provided for the strandings database project (MEDACES); this database was adopted by ACCOBAMS 

-Governmental support provided for a project for identifying SPAs for cetaceans in Spanish waters 

-Several experiments on the efficacity of an instrument for keeping turtles off trawlers 

-A 3-year project (2002-2005) on the ‘conservation of cetaceans and turtles’ in 2 Spanish regions was suggested to the European Union’s LIFE-Nature Fund 

-A project on identifying marine areas of ornithological interest in Spanish territorial waters, co-funded by the government, was also suggested to the European 

LIFE-Nature project 

-Several protected areas were declared on the basis of national and regional laws (without giving the references or copies) 

-(Legal and administrative) protection measures against waste, the passage of ships, the introduction of species, etc. were mentioned, but without giving any 

specific description or reference


Annex III 

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-The Agreement on the conservation of the albatross and petrels was ratified in 2003 

-A regional act on wild fauna and flora passed in 2003 (Andalusia) 

-No recent legal measures as regards introduction of non-indigenous species or GMOs 

SYRIA -Decree no. 50, 2003 regulating trawl mesh openings and banning certain fishing practices 

-Decree no. 2004 banning trawling; other 2003 and 2004 decrees are mentioned as regulating fishing 

-No recent designation of a SPA 

-Several conventions, agreements and protocols, including the SPA/BD Protocol, were ratified 

-No recents steps taken against the dumping and discharge of waste into protected areas and to regulate the passage of boats or the introduction of species and/or 

GMOs or regulating of activities in SPAs. Scientific research is subject to authorization 

-No reference to steps taken for the protection and conservation of species or on the introduction of species and/or GMOs 

TUNISIA -Project for a legal framework for the creation of marine and coastal areas not yet finalized 

-Project to create 3 marine and coastal protected areas 

-No recent measures for protection (Article 6) 

-3 management plans for 3 SPAs are mentioned with funding 

-Reminder of texts governing the protection and conservation of species but no recent measures introduced on the subject 

-A project for a legal framework on GMOs has been prepared and is being adopted 

TURKEY -In 2004, publication of the legal instrument on checking waste and pollutants from boats (without any precise reference) 

-No other legal and/or administrative measures except for the circular that regulates fishing and hunting 

SPA: Specially Protected Areas 

GMOs: Genetically modified organisms


Annex III 

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III. Technical implementation of the Protocol 

III.1. List of SPAs created in pursuance of Article 5, and/or proposed (Article 9a) 

ANNEX III 

ALBANIA 

No SPA has been legally established but 8 potential coastal areas are identified and 2 of them have been proposed for the RAMSAR List of Wetlands and 1 

as a SPA by the Council of Ministers 

ALGERIA 

-3 national parks and one marine reserve created 

-2 marine reserves, 1 island and the Banc des Kabyles proposed on the SPAMI List 

BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA -Two SPAs (2 nature parks) are described exhaustively, and were declared in 1995 

CYPRUS 

-One SPA established and 7 proposed 

-The list of species protected by the law on the protection and management of wildlife 

EGYPT -No new protected area was established during the period of the Report 

FRANCE -A list of SPAs with 15 nature reserves, 3 parks and 1 marine mammal sanctuary common to three countries, and a list of sites acquired by the 

Conservatoire du Littoral, the list of sites of community importance, the list of (European Union) special protection areas and the list of listed sites 

-No sites proposed during the period of the Report; the Port-Cros Park and the marine mammal sanctuary date back to 2001 

GREECE -9 SPAs already established in pursuance of Article 5, 5 of them forests, 1 a National Marine Park, 2 national parks and 1 a complex of wetland 

ISRAEL -No new SPAs created 

ITALY 

-1 list of protected marine areas and parks is given, including their surface areas 

-1 list of 22 habitats proposed for inclusion in the European Habitats Directive 

-1 list of new species to be included in the same European Directive 

-In 2005, the Portofino Marine Protected Area was proposed for inclusion on the SPAMI List 

LEBANON -No SPAs established during the period of the Report 

LIBYA -1 list including 3 lagoons, 2 marine turtle egg-laying areas and 1 site for freshwater biodiversity (under consideration) was provided 

MALT -A list of SPAs established in pursuance of Article 5: reference to a website containing 23 sites described according to the Standard Data Form (SDF) 

MONACO -No creation of new marine protected areas during the inter-Meeting period 

-No proposal for a SPAMI declaration 

-Inventory of biodiversity elements: 22 species of sponge were added to the 1999 inventory; work is under way for other species (echinoderms, gorgonians 

and ichthyological fauna) 

-No inventory provided with the Report, but reference is made to the inventory of invertebrates attached to the hard substrata of Monaco and the 2004 

monitoring of biological indicators 

MOROCCO -1 national park (Al Hoceima) was created 

-No concrete proposals for the SPAMI List 

SERBIA & 

No list of SPAs appended to the Report 

MONTENEGRO 

SLOVENIA 

- A list of 7 protected areas, including 1 marine, 2 coastal and 4 marine and coastal is described in pursuance of Article 5 of the Protocol 

SPAIN 

-The landscape park of Strujan will be proposed in the next biennial period 

-List of Protected Areas under Article of the Protocol 

-List of Protected Areas for 5 Spanish regions

-List of sites of community importance for 7 Spanish regions, including lists for birds 

-List of wetlands (RAMSAR) for 5 Spanish regions 

-List of Biosphere reserves for 2 Spanish regions 

-List of marine and fishing reserves for 5 Spanish regions 

-Sites proposed for the SPAMI List: 3 proposed, 2 of which were declared in 2003 and 1 not approved 

- SPAMI List: 2 new areas declared in 2003: one in the Balearic Islands and one in Andalusia 

SYRIA -No SPAs created during the period of the Report; 3 SPAs were established, the last dating back to 2002 

-No proposals for the SPAMI List (Article 9a of the Protocol) 

TUNISIA SPAMI List: 3 old sites are mentioned 

-List of non-indigenous species (molluscs, crustaceans, plants and fishes) 

-No new areas proposed as SPAMIs. 

TURKEY Incomplete Report, with no information on SPAs 

N.B. SPA: Specially Protected Area 

SPAMI: Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Importance 


Annex III 

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Annex III 

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III.2. Modification of the legal system for protected species 

-Non-indigenous species and GMOs (Article 13.2) 

-Dispensations from protection measures (Article 12, 18, 23c) 

-Inventories of biodiversity elements 

ANNEX IV 

ALBANIA 

-No change in the legal system for protected species 

-No non-indigenous species or GMOs introduced 

-No dispensations granted from protection measures 

-An inventory of Albanian wetlands published in 3 languages 

-A list of 6 mammals, 17 birds, 6 amphibians and 17 reptiles is given in the Report 

-A red book of fauna and flora species is being updated and will be published in 2005 

ALGERIA -An implementing decree of the new law on environment protection is anticipated, including the list of protected species 

-The list of fauna and flora species and ecosystems was prepared as part of the national strategy on the conservation and sustainable use of 

biodiversity 

-No information on non-indigenous species and GMOs 

BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA 

CYPRUS 

EGYPT 

FRANCE 

GREECE 


-No non-indigenous introduced species or GMOs, but Lessepsian species were mentioned (without being designated) 

-No dispensations from protection measures 

-No inventories of biodiversity elements (Article 15) or reference to the use of the Standard Data Form (SDF); the list of potential species and are 

as identified between 1998 and 2000 as part of the ‘Conservation Areas’ project was refined, including a database on land and marine species an 

habitats 

A register of cetacean strandings (26) and turtle strandings is used 

-No change in the indicated status of protected species 

-No non-indigenous species or GMO was mentioned 

-No inventory of biodiversity elements 

-No dispensation from protection measures insulaires avec 22 000 données). 

-No change in the legal status of protected species 

-The expansion of 2 species of Caulerpa (taxifolia and racemosa) is being monitored and put under the GIS system, particularly in the Port-Cros 

Park 

-An inventory of areas of ecological and faunistic interest is being updated (in the context of the European Union) 

-1 cartographical guide of the Posidonia meadow, made in 2 demonstration areas 

-1 inventory of areas of importance for birds has been made 

-In pursuance of Articles 12 and 18 of the Protocol, 35 dispensations were granted for the capture of marine turtles for scientific purposes; permits 

collect stranded marine mammals were legally granted 

-No dispensation from protection measures 

-No change in protected species status


Annex III 

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-The list of non-native species submitted in 2002 was unchanged. No impact studies done on such species; Greece implements the related 

European Community legislative framework since the 90s as well as the Biosafety Protocol. No GMO has received import authorization for 

commercial use. Limited authorizations have beed granted for some field trials. 

-The inventory of sites of ecological interest was not updated. The Standard Data Form was included in the database and the Natura 2000 

network of sites of ecological importance; but no separate inventories 

ISRAEL 


-No inventory relating to the protection and conservation of species (Article 11) 

-No new data on non-indigenous species and GMOs 

-The law on nature conservation anticipates that biodiversity donations cover both the marine and the land domains up to 300 metres inside the 

land 

-No information on GMOs and introduced species 

ITALY 

-A checklist of microphytoplankton in the Italian sea, including 1,740 species and threatened species or endangered species, is being prepared; it 

will enable the list of priority habitats and species to be included in the Annexes to the Convention 

-A document on marine caves on the Italian coasts was published 

-Participation in the European Centre for Biodiversity, coordinated by the Natural History Museum, which has a listing of habitats 

-A project on non-indigenous species in the Mediterranean, including GMOs, for the purposes of aquaculture and aquariophilia is being prepared 

-The presence of 541 foreign species has already been signalled in the Mediterranean 

LEBANON 

-No change in the legal status of protected species 

-22 invasive species were identified on the Lebanese coast, including 1 Indo-Pacific green alga, 3 species of Caulerpa, 1 red alga, 1 brown alga 

and 1 phanerogam 

-No inventory available on biodiversity elements 

LIBYA -No change in the legal status of protected species 

-20 invasive fish species were signalled; a study on their impacts will start in June 2005 (on coastal ecosystems) 

-The SDF was used. In 2005, an inventory of birds and the updating of fauna and lagoon species will start 

-No dispensation from protection measures was granted 

MALTA 

1 study on Posidonia meadows was finalized in 2003 

-No inventories appended to the Report; but several studies were ordered to collect information on threatened species or those in danger of 

disappearance according to the SDF 

-Dispensations from protection measures: granted for 4 species 

MONACO 

-Inventory of constituent elements of biodiversity: 22 species of sponge were added to the 1999 inventory; work is under way for other species 

(echinoderms, gorgonians and ichthyological fauna) 

-No inventory provided with the Report, but reference is made to the inventorying of invertebrates attached to the hard substrata of Monaco and th 

2004 monitoring of biological indicators 

MOROCCO -Inventory of endangered or threatened species; inventory made on the biodiversity of Jabel Moussa and Al Hoceima (7 sites in all) 

-No information on changes in the legal system for protected species 

-No information on GMOs 

-No dispensation granted concerning protection measures 

-No inventory appended to the Report; loss of interest in keeping up and updating inventories (lack of personnel) 

SERBIA & MONTENEGRO -No dispensation from protection measures 

-No non-indigenous species or GMOs signalled; the law forbids the introduction of such species 

-A list of species needing protection and conservation in the context of marine and coastal biodiversity


Annex III 

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- New law of marine fisheries Lithophaga lithophaga is a protected specie 

SLOVENIA -No change in the legal status of protected species 

-No change concerning non-indigenous species or GMOs 

-The inventory of biodiversity elements will be finished by 2005 

-No dispensation from protection measures granted 

SPAIN 

-A list of 36 species was incorporated in the national catalogue of threatened species (9 of them were listed as species in danger of extinction); in 

2004 a decree approved the plan to revive other species of Balearic shearwater 

-No change in protected species status 

-A list of non-indigenous flora and fauna species found in Spanish and Mediterranean waters was given with their origins; other species were 

mentioned in Andalusia and the Valencia region 

-Inventories linked to biodiversity: 

* In 2004 a guide of protected fishes and marine invertebrates was published 

* In 2004 the BIO ATLAS Project started up (database for storing information on island species with 22,000 items) 

SYRIA 

-No change in the legal status of protected species; a list of marine species is being made 

-No non-indigenous species or GMOs signalled-A study has been started on marine species in 2 protected areas, including the establishing of 

management plans 


TUNISIA 



-A number of Lessepsian species signalled and mentioned in the Annex to the Report 

-Constituent elements of biodiversity: inventories of species and habitats (2002) + inventory of sensitive natural areas (2001) 

TURKEY -Study to extend the borders of the Kerbova and Foca protected area under way 

-No information on possible changes in the legal status of protected species 

-Inventory of biodiversity: in 2004 for 2 SPAs using the Standard Data Form SDF 

GMO: Genetically modified organism 

SDF: Standard Data Form

ANNEX V 


III.3. Implementing the Action Plans adopted as part of MAP 

Cetaceans; marine turtles; marine vegetation; birds (list in Annex II to the Protocol); cartilaginous fishes; invasive species and introduction of species 


Annex III 

Page 23 

ALBANIA 

-Populations of marine turtles, wintering birds, molluscs in the coastal lagoons, the monk seal and cetaceans as well as phytoplankton, vegetation, 

various threatened habitats and protected species are monitored all along the Albanian coasts. No mention was made in the Report of concrete 

action plans 

ALGERIA -Monk seal: 1 data collection programme is under way 

-Posidonia meadow: a monitoring network has been set up 

-Use of a device to reduce fishing impacts 

BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA -No specific action or result is mentioned in the Report; the Bosnia/Herzegovina representative at the Seville Meeting is said to be going to present a 

report on protected areas 

CYPRUS 

Cetaceans have been protected since 1971. Studies are being done to mitigate impacts on fishing nets and reduce the fishermen’s negative attitude 

to some marine mammals 

-A programme to monitor caves is under way (the presence of monk seals was confirmed in Akamas) 

-The marine turtle conservation project continues, with a training element 

-The monitoring of trawlers at depths of under 50 metres is done by a ‘VMS boat monitoring system’ 

-Imports of aquatic species, including invasive species and those intended for aquaculture, are subject to authorization 

EGYPT 

-No observation of the monk seal 

-A programme of research on marine turtles’ egg-laying areas was implemented 

-Collection of information to establish an action plan on marine plants 

-Migratory birds (species listed in Annex II to the Protocol) are protected 

-No action on cartilaginous fishes 

-A list of invasive species is being prepared; a workshop was organised in 2004 on the subject 

FRANCE 

-Monitoring of marine turtle strandings by a network created in 1996; France does not possess marine turtle egg-laying areas 

-Monitoring of cetacean strandings by a network created in 1972; in the context of the Pelagos marine sanctuary, many actions were developed 

(research and studies on whales and dolphins; limiting of by-catch; whale-watching practised). This enabled a tripartite management plan to be 

finalized in 2004 

GREECE 

-The wounded cetacean rescue mechanism is functional 

-The national programme to protect the monk seal was strengthened; specific actions were implemented in the south of the Aegean Sea through a 

LIFE Nature project. The operation of the National Marine Park of Alonnisos – Northern Sporades has continued to contribute successfully to the 

conservation of the largest population of the species with a high rate of births. 

- A LIFE-Nature project was implemented; it helped reduce accidental capture of marine turtles. Various activities including protection and 

management of critical habitats, scientific research and monitoring, rehabilitation of injured individuals and re-introduction to the natural 

environment, as well as information – education of the public and training were conducted mainly in three focal areas-In the European Union’s 

Natura 2000 network the most important sites for marine plants are included 

-Several Actions for the conservation of bird species in Annex II to the Protocol were carried out thanks to the financial support of the European 

Union (LIFE-Natura), which provides for elaborating an action plan on the conservation of the Eleonora’s falcon in 9 pertinent sites. Specific 

importance has been attached to the marine vegetation in the procedure of evaluating impact assessments in the coastal zone 

-Nothing was said about cartilaginous fishes and invasive species, except for the establishing in 2002 of a Committee to regulate the introduction of


Annex III 

Page 24 

ISRAEL 

foreign species for aquaculture purposes 

- The most important sites for cetaceans, monk seals, marine turtles, marine vegetation, and bird species are included in the European Ecological 

Network Natura 2000 

-A Marine Turtle Rehabilitation Centre was set up 

-All elasmobranch fishes are protected 

ITALY 

-The Pelagos marine sanctuary was mentioned; in this context, many Italian universities are participating in the Pelagos programme, which includes 

whale watching and a summary of knowledge on the subject, etc. 

-Several isolated monk seals were observed around Sardinia 

-The Italian national plan on marine turtles is being revised 

-There is no action plan on marine plants in Italy, although the mapping of Posidonias progressed and several actions were carried out to protect 

this phanerogam 

-The Action Plan on cartilaginous fishes has not yet been approved; experts worked on identifying certain species, particularly rays 

-There was no action plan on invasive species and introduction of species, or on the bird species in Annex II to the Protocol, but much research was 

done on them 

LEBANON -No particular interest shown in the cetacean Action Plan 

-No particular interest shown in the monk seal 

-In 2004, marine turtle egg-laying areas were the object of coastal monitoring, including an action carried out in the south of the country, training 

trainers to monitor and maintain these species, public awareness campaigns, documentary, etc. 

-Two marine areas were prospected for marine plants; a marine flora and fauna mapping programme was started in March 2004; 2 micro-algae 

have been monitored in 2 sites in northern Lebanon since 1999 

-The gull reappeared after a long absence thanks to monitoring work and efforts to reduce competition with other bird species 

-No action on cartilaginous fishes, but two research programmes were implemented from January 2005, particularly including monitoring of 

chondrichthyans 

LIBYA 

-1 seminar on cetaceans was organised in collaboration with RAC/SPA and ACCOBAMS 

-The study on the monk seal will continue, in its second phase, in July 2005 (field study) 

-A programme of monitoring and public awareness on the conservation of marine turtles was launched in the El Kouf National Park 

-Monitoring and mapping of marine vegetation in 2 sites will be done by the Tajura Marine Biology Centre 

-A national programme on cartilaginous fishes was started 

-20 Lessepsian species were identified in Libyan waters 

-An action plan on marine birds was implemented with particular attention given toi the tern 

MALTA 

-Cetaceans are protected by regulations; there is a system for recording strandings; several biological monitoring and public awareness actions 

were carried out 

-No particular action for the monk seal (rare in Maltese waters) 

-Actions were carried out to elaborate an action plan for marine turtles 

-Actions were carried out to elaborate an action plan for marine plants; much data used to elaborate an action plan on marine vegetation is available 

-Several sites, especially the islet of Filfla and the wetlands of Ghadira and Smiar, are important for the birds in Annex II to the Protocol; public 

awareness actions were carried out 

-An Action Plan on cartilaginous fishes is being prepared, with the help of RAC/SPA 

-The Action Plan on the introduction of species and invasive species has not yet been adopted; several actions at scientific level were carried out to 

collect data


Annex III 

Page 25 

MONACO -Monaco acts as the Executive Secretariat of the ACCOBAMS Agreement on Cetaceans; the Contracting Parties to this Agreement met in 2004 on 

the island of Elba 

-Marking out a protected area to better monitor the Posidonia meadow and Caulerpa taxifolia 

MOROCCO 

-No action plan for the time being; many actions were carried out for the conservation of the monk seal, turtles and marine vegetation as part of the 

Med Wet Coast project (Trois Fourches site) 

SERBIA & MONTENEGRO -There was an allusion to the national report prepared as part of the SAP BIO project, which will be the framework within which action plans will be 

elaborated 

SLOVENIA 

-The Action Plan on cetaceans is in gestation, especially after the 2004 visit of a representative from ACCOBAMS 

-Nothing was said on the monk seal, a species absent from Slovenian waters 

-Work to collect information on turtles in 2005. The information and data collected will be used to prepare an action plan 

-No action plan on marine vegetation; however, several activities were carried out on Posidonia; in 2004 an inventory of habitats 

was started 

-No action plan available for cartilaginous fishes 

-No action plan for the introduction of species and invasive species 

-A list of introduced species was prepared (particularly via ballast water) 

SPAIN 

-All the Action Plans listed in Annex II to the Protocol were approved; conservation measures were developed; the regional governments gave 

financial support to reconstitution and revival centres. The Andalusia region supports a programme that is specific to birds (especially 6 species) 

-Invasive species in the Alboran Sea are monitored as part of a programme to control exotic species in Andalusia 

SYRIA 

-Within the SAP BIO context, it was anticipated that action plans would be prepared; two of these concerned the introduction of species and invasiv 

species, and marine turtles. These plans were not described 

TUNISIA -An action plan on cetaceans was prepared in collaboration with ACCOBAMS 

-A list of non-native marine species is given in the Annex. 

-Reference was made to a strategic action plan for the conservation of biodiversity 

TURKEY -No action plans as such; mention was made of scientific studies on Posidonia, data collection on the monk seal, turtles and marine vegetation


Annex III 

Page 26 

IV. Problems and constraints encountered in implementing the Protocol 

ANNEX VI 

ALBANIA -Main constraint: the lack of qualified staff and of funds 

ALGERIA -Absence of legal tools enabling new sites to be selected as SPAs 

-Absence of data banks for SPAs; 2 GIS projects on biological oceanography and biodiversity presented to the COPEMED Project; starting a GIS project 

on a national scale 

BOSNIA- 

-Nothing said in the Report on this subject 

HERZEGOVINA 

CYPRUS - Nothing said in the Report on this subject 

EGYPT -Insufficient funds, knowledge and data; lack of taxonomists; insufficient coordination; inadequate human capacity 

FRANCE - Nothing said in the Report on this subject 

GREECE - A step by step approach is followed aiming at observing the Protocol provisions to the extent of availability of resources (e.g. funding)European Union 

regulations a first priority, those of the Protocol (marine and coastal elements) secondary 

ISRAEL -Conflict of interests between the Authority responsible for parks and reserves and the Ministry of Agriculture, under which marine areas come 

ITALY 

LEBANON 

-No particular problem mentioned 

-Need to strengthen cooperation on invasive and non-indigenous species, ballast water and hull-washing 

LIBYA -Need for more coordination on a national scale 

MALTA -Need for coordination and synergy between the European and the United Nations regulations to establish sustainability indicators and standards, especia 

for the marine environment 

MONACO -Nothing said about problems and constraints 

MOROCCO -Need for coordination and synergy; it was suggested that on a national scale the action of various MAP Focal Points and those concerned by SPA/BD 

should be coordinated 

SERBIA & 

-Lack of qualified staff and funding 

MONTENEGRO 

SLOVENIA -The implementing of the Protocol was delayed by the in situ reorganisation of nature conservation (1999-2003); lack of staff to implement the Protocol and 

its Action Plans; need for coordination and cooperation 

SPAIN Nothing said on the subject 

SYRIA -Insufficient public awareness of nature conservation; lack of appropriate training and funds 

TUNISIA -Nothing said on this subject in the Report 

TURKEY - Nothing said on this subject in the Report


Annex III 

Page 27 

NATIONAL REPORTS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 

PROTOCOL CONCERNING SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS 

AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN


Annex III 

Page 28 

General information 

1. Country / Albania 

2. Period covered by the report. June 2003 to March 2005. 

3. National body responsible for drawing up the report. 

Indicate the title and address of the national organisation that drew up the present report including the 

names and titles of the persons responsible for actually drafting the report. 

Mr. Zamir Dedej, Director, E-mail zamir@cep.tirana.al 

Ms. Ariana Koça, expert, E-mail arianakoca@yahoo.com 

Mrs. Elvana Ramaj, expert, E-mail eramaj@hotmail.com 

Directorate of Nature Protection 


Rruga e Durresit, Nr. 27 

Tirana - Albania 

Phone 00355.4.270.624 

Fax 00355.4.270.624/7 

4. National body and other organisations and/or institutions that provided data for the establishment 

of the report. 

N/A 

II. Legal and/or administrative measures taken under the terms of the Protocol 1 

6. To protect, preserve and manage marine and coastal areas with a particular natural or cultural 

value, and to protect, preserve and manage endangered or threatened species of marine and 

coastal fauna and flora (article 3); 

During this period efforts are made to complete the legislative framework on nature protection as 

following : 

Decision of Council of Ministers no. 804, date 4.12.2003 “On approval of list of species 

of Albanian Flora which are set under protection” based on Bern Convention 

Decision of Council of Ministers no. 807 date 4.12.2003” On rules to give the caves for 

use” 

Decision of Council of Ministers no. 680, date 22.10.2004 ”On designation of coastal 

wetland system Vjose-Narta protected landscape “ 

Law No 9244, date 17.06.2004 “On Protection of Agricultural Land” 

Law no. 9279, dated 23.9.2004 ”On accession of Republic of Albania to the Cartagena 

Protocol on Biosafety of Convention on Biological Diversity” 

Decision of Council of Ministers No 86, date 11.02.2005, “On the management 

Committees of protected areas” 

And other decisions of Council of Ministers on approval of agreement with WB for the 

grants related to projects on conservation of coastal lagoons of Karavasta and Butrinti 

7. To establish marine and coastal specially protected areas (article 5); 

During the period under review Albania has not designated any Special Protected Areas. 

8. To provide protection (article 6) : 

Indicate what legal and/or administrative measures have been taken during the period under 

review to apply the provisions of article 6 of the protocol within the specially protected areas, and 

in particular the measures concerning : 

1 In the case of legal measures, it is requested that a copy of the enacted law be attached to this 

report or handed in during the meeting of National Focal Points.


Annex III 

Page 29 

a) Strengthening the application of the other Protocols to the Convention and of other 

relevant treaties to which they are Parties (article 6 a); 

b) Prohibiting the dumping or discharge of wastes liable to harm the protected areas 

(article 6 b) ; 

c) Regulating the passage of ships (article 6 c) ; 

d) Regulating the introduction of species (article 6 d) ; 

e) Regulating activities (article 6 e), 6 h) ; 

f) Regulating scientific research activities (article 6 f) ; 

g) Regulating fishing, hunting, the taking of animals, and the harvesting of plants as well 

as the trade in animals or parts of animals, of plants or parts of plants coming from the 

protected areas. 

An action plan on protection of marine environment from land-based pollution is under 

preparation by Albanian government while Ministry of Environment is working on different 

issues related to this action plan with regard to implementation of Barcelona Convention 

and its Protocols such as addressing institutional capacities building and strengthening, 

environment monitoring, emergency response etc. 

A Conference on Marine Environment is foreseen for soon this year which will deal 

amongst others with marine and coastal protected areas. 

A new regulation of fishing is under discussion but the text is more related to conservation 

and for the first time will establish area of protection from fishing as a first step for the 

designation of marine protected areas. 

9. Concerning planning, management supervision and monitoring of the specially protected areas 

(article 7); 

Priority of Ministry of Environment during this period has been the monitoring of flora and fauna 

of coastal lagoons in general most of which are part of protected areas system and of which two 

are specially protected areas as habitat for water fowl (Ramsar sites): Karavasta and Butrinti. 

Aproval and underway implementation of two WB projects in these lagoons have strengthened 

the collaboration of Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Food and Ministry of 

Culture, Youth and Sports to plan, manage and control these protected areas. 

10. For the protection and conservation of species (article 11); 

(a) CITES implementation and designation of Management and Scientific Authorities that grant 

permits regarding the international trade of endangered species of wild flora and fauna and 

their parts, has played a significant role; 

(b) and (c) Better enforcement of the law “On wild fauna and hunting” as well as the Regulation 

No. 2, dated 23.07.1995 “On the administration and development of wild fauna and natural 

environment” regarding the strictly protected species of fauna, with an active role of the 

Ministry of the Environment as a member of the Technical Council of the Wild Fauna and 

Hunting, taking strict measures in the implementation of the hunting calendar regarding 

species and periods, has improved the situation. 

11. To regulate the introduction of non-indigenous or genetically modified species (article 13); 

Albania has acceded to Protocol of Biosafety on February which enters into force this May after 

has been approved by the Albanian Parliament the Law no. 9279, dated 23.9.2004 ”On 

accession of Republic of Albania to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety of Convention on 

Biological Diversity” is approved. A GEF UNEP project on development of Biosafety Framework 

for Albania is under implementation. 

12. To grant exemptions from protection measures (articles 12,18) 

N/A 

III. Technical application of the protocol 

13. List the specially protected areas established under the terms of article 5.


Annex III 

Page 30 

As already mentioned above, Albania has not established by law any SPA-s, but we consider the 

existing categories (national and international) as potential SPA areas. In the same time in 1996 a 

study was carried out for the assessment of potential SPA-s in the central part of the coast of 

Albania. 

Today after the inventory carried out by ECAT Tirana and Greek Wetlands Biotopes Centre, 8 

potential SPA-s along the coastal area of Albania are identified. 

1. Karavasta Lagoon and Divjaka National Park - already been established by 

Decision of the Council of Ministers No.413, dated 22.08.1994 “On the proclamation of the 

Karavasta Wetland and Divjaka National Park as a Specially Protected Natural Ecosystem to be 

included in the Ramsar sites list” 

2. Butrinti Wetland and its surroundings - established in by the Decision of the 

Council of Ministers No. 531, dated 31.10.2002 “On the proclamation of the Butrinti Wetland 

Ecosystem and its surroundings a specially protected area” 

14. Proposals made to include the areas subject to national jurisdiction on the SPAMI list (Article 9 

a) Date of the proposal/s 

b) Areas proposed (list attached) 

Provide a list of areas subject to national jurisdiction proposed for inclusion on the SPAMI list 

during the period under review, with the date on which each of the proposals was submitted. 

There are no Albanian designated SPAMI-s so far 

15. SPAMI list : 

a) Status and state of the areas under national jurisdiction included on the SPAMI list 

(article 23a) 

b) Any modification in the delimitation or the legal status of the SPAMI (article 23 b). 

There are no Albanian designated SPAMI-s so far 

16. Any modification to the legal status of protected species. 

Decision of Council of Ministers no. 804, date 4.12.2003 “On approval of list of species of Albanian Flora 

which are set under protection” based on Bern Convention 

17. New data concerning non-indigenous or genetically modified species liable to be harmful. (Article 

13.2). 

No such records. 

18. Inventories of the components of biological diversity (article 15). 

a) Date of establishment or updating of the inventory of areas containing rare or fragile 

ecosystems; 

b) Date of establishment or updating of the inventory of endangered or threatened species 

of flora and/or fauna ; 

c) Attach the inventory/s unless they have already been submitted in a special report. 

d) Inventory using the standard data format (SDF) 

1. The most recent inventory of Albanian wetlands was carried out jointly by Environmental 

Centre for Administration and Technology (ECAT) Tirana and the Greek Biotope/Wetland 

Centre (Greek NGO) which is finalized with a three-language publication in one book and CD, 

dated December 2003. 

2. The list of strictly protected fauna species (protected by the Albanian legislation) recorded in the 

coastal Lagoons (including Karavasta and Butrinti) during biodiversity monitoring projects of 

Ministry of Environment with Museum of Natural Sciences, consists on the following species: 

Mammals: Lutra lutra, Canis aureus, Meles meles, Mustela putorius, Delphinus delphi, Tursiops 

truncatum; 

Birds : Gavia stellata, Gavis artcica, Podiceps nigricollis, Phalacrocorax pigmeus, Egretta garzetta, 

Egratta alba, Charadrius alexandrinus, Charadrius hiaticula, Chalidris alpina, Chalidris minuta,


Annex III 

Page 31 

Tadorna tadorna, Recurvirostra avosetta, Lurus munutus, Larus melanochephalus, Larus genei, 

Sterna sadvicensis. 

Amphibia : Salamandra salamandra, Triturus cristatus, Bufo viridis, Hyla arborea, Rana epiriotica, 

Rana dalmatina. 

Reptiles : Caretta caretta, Emys orbicularis, Mauremys caspica,Tastudo hermani, Testudo 

marginata, hemidoctylis turcicus, Lacerta viridis, Lacerta trilineata, Podarcis muralis, Popdarcis 

tauratica, Coluber najadum, Coluber gemonensis, Elaphe situla, Elaphe quatorlineata, Natrix 

tesellata, Telescopus fallax, Vipera amodytes. 

3. The Albanian experts are working a study for the updating of the Albanian red book of flora and 

fauna species. The updated Red Book is expected to be ready on the first half of 2005, as a part of 

a regular revision every 5 years, based on the conditions of the species in the country. 

19. Exemptions granted to protection measures articles 12, 18, and 23 c). 

N/A 

20. Implementation of the action plans adopted within the framework of MAP: 

Action plan for the conservation of cetaceans in the Mediterranean sea 

Action plan for the management of the monk seal in the Mediterranean 

Action plan for the conservation of sea turtles in the Mediterranean 

Action plan for the conservation of marine vegetation 

Action plan for the conservation of bird species listed in Annex 2 of the Protocol 

Action plan for the conservation of cartilaginous fish (chondrichthyans) in the 

Mediterranean sea 

Action plan concerning the introduction of species and invasive species in the 


In the framework of implementation of the above-mentioned action plans Ministry of Environment 

has monitored and is monitoring coastal biodiversity through Museum of Natural Sciences for fauna 

and Institute of Biological Research for flora. Year after year new elements are added and the 

scope and frequence of monitoring is increased. Interesting is the monitoring of marine turtles’ 

populations of Patok and Karavasta-Divjaka (2003-2005), wintering birds and molluscs in the 

coastal lagoons, monk seal and cetaceans in Jonian coast and waters (2005), phytoplankton 

(through clorophylla a), high vegetation, different habitats and threatened and protected species in 

protected areas of Albanian coast (2003-2005). 

21. Implementation of other recommendations pertinent to the Contracting Parties 

Briefly describe the implementation of other recommendations of the Contracting Parties relative 

to the Protocol. 

IV. Brief description of all problems or constraints encountered in the application of the Protocol 

The main constrain remain the financial one and the human capacities in order to monitor a wide 

range of protected areas, potential SPA and their threatened species and to designate SPA sand 

SPAMIs under Protocol.


Annex III 

Page 32 

Information Générale 

1. Pays. : Algérie 

2. Période couverte par le rapport. 

De 2003 à mars 2005. 

3. Organisme national chargé de l’établissement du rapport. 

Ministère de l’Aménagement du Territoire e de l’Environnement 

Nadia Chenouf. Sous- directrice chargée de la biodiversité. 

4. Organisme national et autres organisations et/ou institutions ayant communiqué des données en 

vue de l'établissement du rapport 

Directions de l’Environnement de wilaya, Ministère de l’Aménagement du Territoire et de 

l’Environnement, la Direction Générale des forêts et le Ministère de la Pêche et des Ressources 

Halieutiques. 

V. Mesures juridiques et/ou administratives prises aux termes du Protocole : 2 

6. Pour protéger, préserver et gérer les espaces marins et côtiers ayant une valeur naturelle ou 

culturelle particulière, et pour protéger, préserver et gérer les espèces de la faune et de la flore marines 

et côtières qui sont en danger ou menacées (article 3); 

• Ordonnance n° 96-13 du 15 juin 1996 modifiant et complétant la loi n° 83-17 du 16 juillet 1983 portant 

code des eaux ; 

♦ Loi n° 03-02 du 17 février 2003 fixant les règles générales d’utilisation et d’exploitation des plages ; 

♦ Loi 04-07 du 14 Août 2004 relative à la chasse ; 

♦ Loi n° 84-12 du 23 Juin 1984 portant régime général des forêts 

♦ Loi n° 98-05 du 25 juin 1998 modifiant et complétant l’ordonnance n° 76-80 du 23 octobre 1976 portant 

code maritime 

♦ loi n° 01-10 du 03 juillet 2001 portant loi minière 

♦ Loi n°01-20 du 12 décembre 2001 relative à l’aménagement et au développement durable du territoire 

(article 22 et 24) ; 

♦ Loi n° 01-11 du 11 Rabie Ethani 1422 correspondant au 3 Juillet 2001 relative à la pêche et à 

l’aquaculture ; 

♦ Loi n°02-02 relative à la protection et à la valorisation du littoral ; 

♦ loi n° 03-02 du 17 février 2003 fixant les règles générales d’utilisation et d’exploitation des plages 

♦ La loi n° 03-10 du 19 Juillet 2003 relative à la protection de l’environnement dans le cadre du 

développement durable. 

• Décret n°82-439 du 11 décembre 1982 portant adhésion de l’Algérie à la convention relative aux zones 

humides d’importance internationale particulièrement comme habitats de la sauvagine, signée à Ramsar 

(Iran) le 02 février 1971 ; 

• Décret n° 82-498 du 25 décembre 1982 portant adhésion à la convention sur le commerce international 

des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d’extinction, signée à Washington le 3 mars 

1973 ; 

• Décret n°83-74 du 8 janvier 1983 portant création du conseil supérieur de la chasse ; 

• Décret n°83-509 du 20 août 1983 relatif aux espèces animales non domestiques complété par l’arrêté du 

17 janvier 1995 ; 

• décret 83-458 du 23 juillet 1983 fixant le statut type des parcs nationaux. 

• Décret présidentiel n°85-13 du 26 janvier 1985 fixant les conditions d’utilisation des plages ; 

• Décret n°85-112 du 7 mai 1985 portant adhésion de l’Algérie à la Convention Internationale pour la 

protection des végétaux, faite à Rome le 6 décembre 1951 ; révisée par la résolution 11/79 de la 

Conférence de la FAO du 10 au 29 novembre 1979 ; 

• Décret n°87-91 du 21 avril 1987 relatif à l’étude d’impact d’aménagement du territoire ; 

• Décret exécutif n°93-285 du 23 novembre 1993 fixant la liste des espèces végétales non cultivées 

protégées ; 

• Décret exécutif N° 95-201 du 25 octobre 1995 portant création de la Direction Générale des Forêts. 

• Décret présidentiel n°95-163 du 6 juin 1995 portant ratification de la convention sur la diversité 

biologique, signé à Rio de Janeiro le 5 juin 1992 ;


Annex III 

Page 33 

• Décret exécutif n°95-252 du 26 août 1995, complétant la liste des espèces végétales non cultivées 

protégées fixée par le décret exécutif n° 93-285 ; 

• Décret exécutif n°95-323 du 21 octobre 1995 réglementant l’exploitation des ressources corallifères ; 

• Décret exécutif n°95-429 du 16 décembre 1995 fixant les conditions et les modalités de délivrance 

d’autorisation pour la production, la détention, la cession, l’utilisation, le transport, l’importation et 

l’exportation des espèces végétales non cultivées ; 

• Décret exécutif n°97-493 du 21 décembre 1997 définissant les différents types d’établissements de 

pêche et fixant les conditions de leur création et les règles de leur exploitation ; 

• Décret exécutif n° 98-216 du 24 juin 1998 modifiant le décret 83-458 du 23 juillet 1983 fixant le statut 

type des parcs nationaux . 

• Décret présidentiel n°98-232 du 18 juillet 1998 portant création du Haut Conseil de la Mer et fixant ses 

missions, son organisation et son fonctionnement. Ce HCM est chargé notamment d’évaluer 

régulièrement la mise en œuvre des dispositifs législatifs et réglementaire relatifs à la mer et de décider 

des mesures appropriées, et de fixer les mesures nécessaires à prendre et les moyens à mettre en 

œuvre pour une gestion intégrée et durable des espaces maritimes sous juridiction nationale et du 

littoral ; 

• Décret exécutif n° 01-87 du 05 avril 2001 fixant les conditions et les modalités d’autorisation d’usage 

dans le cadre des dispositions de l’article 35 de la loi n° 84-12 du 23 juin 1984, modifiée et complétée, 

portant régime général des forêts . 

• Décret exécutif n°02-115 du 3 avril 2002 portant création de l’Observatoire National de l’Environnement 

et du développement durable ; 

• Décret exécutif n° 02-371 du 11 Novembre 2002 portant création, organisation et fonctionnement du 

centre du développement des ressources biologiques CDRB 

• Circulaire ministérielle portant sur la mise en œuvre de la loi n° 02-02 du 05 février 2002 relative à la 

protection et la valorisation du littoral dans le cadre du plan d’aménagement côtier 

• Arrêté du 17 janvier 1995 complétant la liste des espèces animales non domestiques protégées ; 

• Arrêté du 9 mars 1995 fixant les tailles marchandes des grands migrateurs halieutiques ; 

• Arrêté du 18 juin 1997 fixant les conditions et les modalités de pêche aux coquillages vivants. 

7. Pour créer des aires spécialement protégées marines et côtières (article 5); 

Des mesures juridiques ont été adoptées pour créer des aires protégées marines et côtières, à travers 

: 

- Décret n°85-01 du 5 janvier 1985 portant ratification du protocole relatif aux aires spécialement 

protégées de la Méditerranée, signé à Genève le 3 avril 1982 ; 

- Loi n°02-02 relative à la protection et à la valorisation du littoral ; 

- La loi n° 03-10 du 19 Juillet 2003 relative à la protection de l’environnement dans le cadre du 


- Décret n°83-462 du 23 juillet 1983 portant création du parc national d’El Kala ( wilaya d’El Tarf) ; 

- Décret n°84-327 du 3 novembre 1984 portant création du parc national de Gouraya (wilaya de 

Béjaia) ; 

- Décret n°84-328 du 3 novembre 1984 portant création du parc national de Taza ( wilaya de Jijel ) ; 

- Décret n°87-143 du 16 juin 1987 fixant les règles et modalités de classement des parcs nationaux 

et réserves naturelles ; 

- Décret n° 87-144 du 16 juin 1987 fixant les modalités de création et de fonctionnement des 

réserves naturelles ; 

- Décret n°03-147 du 26 Moharrem 1424 correspondant 29 Mars 2003 portant classement de la 

réserve naturelle marine des îles Habibas (wilaya d’Oran). 

- Circulaire ministérielle portant sur la mise en œuvre de la loi n° 02-02 du 05 février 2002 relative à 

la protection et la valorisation du littoral dans le cadre du plan d’aménagement côtier 

En parallèle, d’autres mesures ont été mises en place se traduisant par : 

◊ La création d’un sanctuaire marin Algéro -Tunisien (en instance) ; 

◊ L’étude d’extension du parc national d’El Kala (Est algérien) à la zone marine en vue de préserver 

l’écosystème et la biodiversité. Cette étude a été achevée ; 

◊ Le lancement en cours de l’étude de classement de l’île Rechgoun (Ain-Temouchent) en réserve 

naturelle marine dont l’objectif est la mise en place d’une MPA en vue de préserver l’écosystème et 

la biodiversité de cette île ; 

◊ Le projet d’étude d’extension du parc national de Gouraya (Béjaia, Est algérien) à la zone marine ; 

◊ Le projet d’étude d’extension du parc national de Taza (Jijel, Est algérien) à la zone marine ;


Annex III 

Page 34 

◊ Le projet du classement de la partie marine du mont Chenoua dans le cadre du PAC- région 

algéroise ( tipaza ); 

En outre, l’Algérie adhéra, dés 1982 à la convention de ramsar relative aux zones humides 

d’importances internationales. Au niveau du littoral, des sites algérien ont été classés entre 1983 et 

2005 , il s’agit notamment de (à titre d’exemple) : 

- complexe de zones humides de Guerbes – Sanhadja (wilaya de Skikda) en 2001 

- les marais de la Macta (wilaya de Mostaganem ) en 2001 

- la sebkha d’oran (wilaya d’Oran) en 2001 

- lac de Fetzera (wilaya de Annaba) en 2002 

- marais de la Mekhada (wilaya d’El Tarf) en 2002 

- lac de Réghaia (wilaya d’Alger) en 2002 

- tourbière du lac noir (wilaya d’El Tarf) en 2002 

- aulnaies de Ain Khiar (wilaya d’El Tarf) en 2002 

- réserve naturelle du lac de Béni Belaid (wilaya de Jijel) en 2002 

- lac Tonga (wilaya d’El Tarf) en 1983 

- lac oubeira (wilaya d’El Tarf) en 1983 

- lac des oiseaux (wilaya d’El Tarf) en 1999 

Aussi, trois sites du littoral algérien, bénéficient du label UNESCO, en tant que réserves de la 

biosphère du réseau MAB (du programme Man and Biosphère). Il s’agit de : 

- Parc national d’El Kala (wilaya d’El Tarf) 

- Parc national de Taza (wilaya de jijel) 

- Parc national de Gouraya (wilaya de Béjaia) 

8. Pour assurer la protection (l’article 6) : 

a) Le renforcement de l’application des autres Protocoles de la Convention et d’autres 

traités pertinents auxquelles elles sont parties (article 6 a); 

- Mise en œuvre de la convention sur la diversité biologique ; 

- Lancement du cadastre national du littoral qui permettra d’identifier les zones pertinentes prioritaires 

et les sites encore à l’état naturel. 

b) L’interdiction de rejeter ou de déverser des déchets portant atteinte à des aires 

protégées (article 6 b) ; 

Plusieurs mesures juridiques ont été prises dans ce sens, à travers les décrets suivants : 

- Loi n° 01-19 du 12 décembre 2001 relative à la gestion, au contrôle et à l’élimination des 

déchets 

- Loi n°02-02 relative à la protection et à la valorisation du littoral ; 

- Loi n° 03-10 du 19 Juillet 2003 relative à la protection de l’environnement dans le cadre du 


- Décret présidentiel n°81-02 du 17 janvier 1981 portant ratification du protocole relatif à la 

prévention de la pollution de la mer Méditerranée par les opérations d’immersion effectuées 

par les navires et aéronefs, fait à Barcelone le 16 février 1976 ; 

- Décret n° 82-441 du 11 décembre 1982 portant adhésion de la République Algérienne 

Démocratique et Populaire au protocole relatif à la protection de la mer Méditerranée contre la 

pollution d’origine tellurique, fait à Athènes le 17 mai 1980 ; 

- Décret présidentiel n°83-580 du 22 octobre 1983 portant obligation de signalement aux 

capitaines de navires transportant des marchandises dangereuses, toxiques ou polluantes en 

cas d’événement en mer ; 

- Décret exécutif n°90-79 du 27 février 1990 portant réglementant le transport de matières 

dangereuses (articles 1 et 32) ; 

- Décret présidentiel n°88-228 du 5 novembre 1988 définissant les conditions, procédures et 

modalités d’immersion de déchets susceptibles de polluer la mer, effectuées par les navires ou 

aéronefs (article 3); 

- Décret exécutif n°93-160 du 10 juillet 1993 réglementant les rejets d’effluents liquides industriels ; 

- Décret exécutif n° 93-191 du 10 juillet 1993 réglementant le déversement des huiles et lubrifiants 

dans le milieu naturel ; 

- Décret exécutif n°93-164 du 10 juillet 1993 définissant la qualité requise des eaux de baignade ;


Annex III 

Page 35 

- Décret exécutif n°94-279 du 17 septembre 1994 portant organisation de la lutte contre les 

pollutions marines et institutions de plans d’urgence ; 

- Décret présidentiel n°94-290 du 30 septembre 1995 portant création d’un centre national et des 

centres régionaux des opérations de surveillance et de sauvetage en mer ; 

- Décret présidentiel n°98-123 du 18 avril 1998 portant ratification du protocole de 1992, modifiant 

la convention internationale de 1969 sur la responsabilité civile pour les dommages dus à la 

pollution par les hydrocarbures ; 

- Circulaire ministérielle portant sur la mise en œuvre de la loi n° 02-02 du 05 février 2002 relative 

à la protection et la valorisation du littoral dans le cadre du plan d’aménagement côtier 

- Arrêté interministériel du 10 octobre 1998 portant définition des principes généraux devant régir 

l’élaboration du plan « TELBAHR » ; 

c) La réglementation du passage des navires (article 6 c) ; 

- Loi n° 98-05 du 25 juin 1998 modifiant et complétant l’ordonnance n° 76-80 du 23 octobre 

1976 portant code maritime. 

- Décret présidentiel n°96-53 du 22 janvier 1996 portant ratification de la convention des 

Nations- Unies sur le droit de la mer. 

- Décret exécutif n° 66-40 du 11 février 1966 relatif à la réglementation de la circulation des 

navires de commerce, de pêche et de plaisance. 

d) La réglementation de l’introduction d’espèces (article 6 d) ; 

• La loi n° 03-10 du 19 Juillet 2003 relative à la protection de l’environnement dans le cadre du 


• Décret exécutif n°95-429 du 16 décembre 1995 fixant les conditions et les modalités de 

délivrance d’autorisation pour la production, la détention, la cession, l’utilisation, le transport, 

l’importation et l’exportation des espèces végétales non cultivées ; 

• Décret exécutif n° 97-493 du 21 décembre 1997 définissant les différents types d’établissements 

de la pêche et fixant les conditions de leur création et les règles de leur exploitation. 

• Arrêté interministériel du 24 février 1992 portant suspension de la cueillette et de l’exportation du 

corail. 

e) La réglementation d’activités (article 6 e), 6 h) ; 

♦ Loi n°01-11 du 3 juillet 2001 relative à la pêche et à l’aquaculture ; 

• Décret n°66-192 du 21 juin 1966 réglementant la pêche sous-marine sur le littoral ; 

• Décret n°94-13 du 28 mai 1994 fixant les règles générales relatives à la pêche ; 

• Décret n°95-38 du 28 janvier 1995 fixant les conditions et les modalités de pêche commerciale 

des grands migrateurs halieutiques par les navires étrangers dans les eaux sous juridiction 

nationale ; 

• Décret n°96-121 du 6 avril 1996 fixant les conditions et les modalités d’exercice de la pêche ; 

f) La réglementation des activités de recherche scientifique (article 6 f) ; 

- Décret n°82-440 du 11 décembre 1982 portant ratification de la convention africaine sur la 

conservation de la nature et des ressources naturelles, signée à Alger le 15 septembre 1968 ; 

- Décret exécutif n°95-322 du 18 octobre 1995 fixant les conditions et les modalités de capture 

d’animaux non domestiques et de leurs utilisation à des fins de recherche scientifique ; 

g) La réglementation de la pêche, de la chasse, de la capture d’animaux et de la récolte de 

végétaux ainsi que du commerce d’animaux ou de parties d’animaux, de végétaux ou de parties 

de végétaux provenant d’aires protégées. 

- Décret n°82-440 du 11 décembre 1982 portant ratification de la convention africaine sur la 

conservation de la nature et des ressources naturelles, signée à Alger le 15 septembre 1968 ; 


développement durable.


Annex III 

Page 36 

9. Concernant la planification, la gestion, la surveillance et le contrôle des aires spécialement 

protégées (article 7); 



- Décret n°83-458 du 23 juillet 1983 fixant le statut-type des parcs nationaux ; 

- Décret n° 82-498 du 25 décembre 1982 portant adhésion à la convention sur le commerce 

international des espèces de faunes et de flores sauvages menacées d’extinction. 

10. Pour la protection et la conservation des espèces (article 11); 

• La loi n° 03-10 du 19 Juillet 2003 relative à la protection de l’environnement dans le cadre du 

développement durable qui abroge les dispositions de la loi 83-03. 

• Décret n°83-509 du 20 août 1983 relatif aux espèces animales non domestiques complété par 

l’arrêté du 17 janvier 1995 ; 

• Décret exécutif n°93-285 du 23 novembre 1993 fixant la liste des espèces végétales non 

cultivées protégées ; 

• Décret exécutif n°95-252 du 26 août 1995, complétant la liste des espèces végétales non 

cultivées protégées fixée par le décret exécutif n° 93-285 ; 



l’importation et l’exportation des espèces végétales non cultivées ; 

• Décret exécutif n° 97-493 du 21 décembre 1997 définissant les différents types d’établissements 

de la pêche et fixant les conditions de leur création et les règles de leur exploitation. 

• Décret exécutif n° 02-371 du 11 Novembre 2002 portant création, organisation et fonctionnement 

du centre du développement des ressources biologiques CDRB 

11. Pour réglementer l’introduction d’espèces non indigènes ou génétiquement modifiées (article 

13); 

• Arrêté ministériel n° 910 du 24 Décembre 2000 interdisant l’importation des produits à base 

d’Organismes Génétiquement Modifiés. 

• Projet de loi sur les organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM). 

12. Pour accorder des dérogations aux mesures de protection (articles 12,18). 

Néant 

VI. Application technique du protocole 

13. Liste des aires spécialement protégées créées aux termes de l’article 5 

- Réserve naturelle marine des îles Habibas située à Oran 

Le parc national d’El Kala (Taref) 

- Le parc national de Taza (Jijel) 

- Le parc national de Gouraya (Bejaia). 

14. Propositions faites pour l’inscription d’aires relevant de la juridiction nationale sur la liste des 

ASPIM (Article 9 a). 

Les sites proposés pour la liste des ASPIM sont : 

- Réserve marine de Cap de Garde située à Annaba 


- L’île Rachgoun située à Ain Temouchent. 

- Le banc des Kabyles (Jijel). 

15. Liste des ASPIM: 

- Réserve marine de Cap de Garde située à Annaba 


- L’île Rachgoun située à Ain Temouchent. 

- Le banc des Kabyles (Jijel).


Annex III 

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16. Toute modification dans le régime juridique des espèces protégées. 

Sur le plan juridique, il y a la nouvelle loi sur l’environnement dans le cadre du développement 

durable (n° 03-10 du 19 Juillet 2003), qui stipule que la liste des espèces animales non 

domestiques et des espèces végétales non cultivées protégées est fixées, en tenant compte des 

conditions de reconstitution des populations naturelles en cause ou de leurs habitats et des 

exigences de protection de certaines espèces animales pendant les périodes et les 

circonstances ou elles sont généralement vulnérables (Article 41). 

Un décret d’application fixera la liste des espèces protégées (animale et végétale). En attendant 

cela, certains textes restent en vigueur. Il s’agit : 



l’importation et l’exportation des espèces végétales non cultivées 

• Décret n° 83-509 du 20 Août 83 relatif aux espèces animales non domestiques protégées, 

complété par l’arrêté du 17 Janvier 95. 

• Décret n°93-285 du 23 novembre 1993 fixant la liste des espèces végétales non cultivées 

protégées. 

• Décret n° 95-252 du 26 Août 95, complétant la liste des espèces végétales non cultivées 

protégées fixées par le décret exécutif n° 93-285. 

• Décret n°95-323 du 21 octobre 1995 réglementant l’exploitation des ressources corallifères. 

17. Nouvelles données concernant des espèces non indigènes ou génétiquement modifiées 

susceptibles de causer des dommages (article 13.2). 

Fournir des informations sur la présence de nouvelles espèces non indigènes ou génétiquement 

modifiées susceptibles de causer des dommages. 

18. Inventaires des éléments de la diversité biologique (article 15) 

Un inventaire sur les espèces faunistiques et floristiques et les écosystèmes a été élaboré dans le cadre de 

la stratégie nationale de conservation et d’utilisation durable de la diversité biologique. 

Un état a été également fait dans le cadre du plan d’action stratégique pour la biodiversité marine (PAS 

BIO). 

19. Dérogations accordées aux mesures de protection (articles 12,18,23 c). 

20. Mise en oeuvre des plans d’action adoptés dans le cadre du PAM : 

Plan d’action sur la mise en place d’un programme de collecte de données sur le phoque 

moine en Algérie 

Mise en place d’un réseau de surveillance de l’herbier à posidonie 

Mise en place d’un dispositif de concentration de poissons pour réduire l’impact de la 

pêche. 

Inventaire et mise en place d’aires marines d’intérêt pour la biodiversité. 

Aussi, dans le cadre du plan d’action pour les oiseaux, un inventaire des organismes et experts travaillant 

dans le domaine est en cours de réalisation 

21. Mise en oeuvre des autres recommandations pertinentes des Parties contractantes 

VII. Brève description de tous problèmes ou contraintes rencontrés dans l'application du 

Protocole 

La gestion des réserves exclusivement marines et des réserves mixtes (marin terrestre) 

ne s’appuie sur aucun texte spécifique, ce qui a pour conséquence de freiner les procédures 

d’éligibilité des sites remarquables en tant qu’aires marines protégées. 

Actuellement, ce vide pourrait être contourné en faisant appel à l’ensemble des textes 

réglementaires concernant le domaine maritime, en particulier la réglementation liée à la navigation 

maritime et celle à la pêche, mais il faudrait s’acheminer à terme vers des textes spécifiques. 

L’absence de banques de données (la seule qui existe est un fichier statistique des 

débarquements de pêche, dont les informations sont peu approximatives) qui handicape 

lourdement le décideur dans la mise en place de toute politique et stratégie d’utilisation durable et 

de conservation des ressources biologiques marines d’Algérie.


Annex III 

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A ce titre, un projet de mise en place d’une banque de données nationale d’informations liées à 

l’océanographie biologique, ainsi d’ailleurs qu’un projet SIG pour la biodiversité marine d’Algérie, 

ont été proposés par le point focal du COPEMED Algérie dans le cadre du COPEMED phase II. 

Ces deux actions sont inscrites dans le cadre des bases de données communes sur l’information 

biologique (SPECIESDAB) et de la CIESM (banque de données bibliographique sur les sciences 

marines en Méditerranée). 

La réalisation du système d’information géographique sur la biodiversité marine a été 

lancée dans le cadre des activités du Ministère de l’Aménagement du Territoire et de 

l’Environnement le 12 février 2005 pour un délai de une année. 

I.General information 

1. Country. : Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) 

2. Period covered by the Report. 

01 January 2000 to 31 December 2003. 

3. National Organization responsible for compiling report 

MAP Office for Bosnia and Herzegovina 

Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 

Stjepana Tomica 1 

4. National Organizations providing data towards the compilation of report 

Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry in Federation of B&H 


Titova 15 

Ministry of Physical Planning and Environment in Federation of B&H 


Titova 9A 

Ministry of Civil Engineering, Physical Planning and Environmental Protection – Herzegovina Neretva 

Canton 

Mostar, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 

Stjepana Radića 3 

5. Assistance received from UNEP/MAP towards the compilation of the present report. 

The present report has been elaborated starting from the available data and information provided by the 

federal Ministry of Physical Planning and Environment and federal Ministry of Agriculture, Water 

Management and Forestry. 

General remarks on overall national environmental situation during period under review. 

The period 2000-2003 has been very important for the environmental legislation in B&H. During this period 

strategic documents and environmental legislation have been prepared and passed. The main advances 

occurred during the period under review are prescribed bellow. 

Structure and Legal framework in B&H 

Based on the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, environmental management is not institutionalized on 

the state level, but rather carried out within the organizational structure of the entity governments. Lower 

level environmental management is under the responsibility of cantonal ministries in the FB&H and 

municipalities in RS. The process of strengthening of environmental institutions in B&H is under way; where 

the METAP project has enabled the preparation of a proposal for institutional restructuring in the area of 

environmental protection and development of a monitoring and environmental impact assessment system. 

National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) 

Given the complexity of environmental issues in B&H, and lack of environmental strategy, in the year 2000, 

with the help of the World Bank, B&H engaged in preparation of the National Action Plan which has been 

adopted by both Entity Governments. Based on the principles of environmental protection this program for 

the first time comprehensively develops and structures environmental protection for the whole country. 

NEAP presents operative program, which gives current state and future directives in solving environmental 

problems as well as it, serves as a guiding document identifying priority areas and priority actions in the


Annex III 

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sector of environment. The preparation of the NEAP was organized according to democratic principles, 

multi-disciplinary approach, with full transparency and direct involvement of all relevant stakeholders 

including representatives of the government, NGOs, local institutions and experts. 

The criteria for development of the NEAP were: 

- Impact of environmental pollution on human health; 

- Impact of environmental pollution on eco-systems; 

- Socio-economic and economic significance; 

- Commitments and obligations from accepted international agreements. 

In order of priority, the key environmental issues defined by the NEAP are: 

- Water resources and wastewater management; 

- Rural Development; 

- Environmental management; 

- Protection of biological and landscape diversity; 

- Waste management; 

- Sustainable economic development; 

- Public health; 

- Demining. 

Based on the analysis of the current situation in all fields of environmental protection it has been determined 

that the area of water resources and wastewaters represents the first priority of the NEAP. According to the 

NEAP the most important improvement measures in this field to address the key problems are: 

establishment of the river catchments areas management; realization of long-term water supply projects; 

construction and reconstruction of the waste water treatment plants and sewage systems; raising to the 

required level protection from waters; and use of water for irrigation and production of electricity. 

Under Protection of Biological and Landscape Diversity priority area NEAP determines preparation of 

programs for management of the coastal and sub-coastal area of B&H Adriatic Sea – establishment of an 

eco penitentiary for entering the MAP network as long-term priority measure. 

Solid Waste Management Strategy 

B&H Solid Waste Management Strategy has been prepared within the framework of EU PHARE Program. 

Strategy has not been officially adopted by the Entity Governments. It defines new approach to waste 

management in B&H through proposing the establishment of inter-municipal organizations for solid waste 

management as well as construction of regional sanitary landfills. The main goal of this study was to assess 

the current state and proposes a strategy for improvements of all aspects of solid waste management in 

B&H. In that sense, strategy through its 13 Technical Reports analyzes institutional, legal, technical and 

financial aspects of solid waste management and propose radical institutional changes to be implemented in 

three stages, short, medium and long term. 

At present, of all recommendations given by this project, only recommendations for improvement of legal 

aspects of waste management and formation of some of the proposed Waste Allocation Districts are in the 

process of implementation. The set of five new environmental laws, which are adopted in Republic of Srpska 

and F B&H, includes a new Law on Waste Management, which is harmonized for both entities and 

incorporates the recommendations given by this Strategy. 

New environmental legislation 

The European Commission has funded an intensive environmental program, with the objective to prepare 

for both Entities draft environmental framework laws, in alignment with each other and with the requirements 

of the European Union. The new set of environmental laws represents achieving of an important progress 

towards sustainable environmental management in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A comprehensive set of the 

framework Laws contains: 

i) Law on Environmental Protection, including provisions on integrated framework for 

environmental licensing, including reference to supporting procedures such as environmental 

impact assessment, based upon the concept of integrated pollution prevention and control 

(IPPC). 

ii) Law on Nature Protection; 

iii) Law on Air Protection; 

iv) Law on Waste Management; 

v) Law on Water Protection. 

After adoption of these laws, process of preparation and adoption of by-laws should be completed within two 

years. By-laws have to clearly identify environmental standards, emission limiting values as well as financial 

implications.


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Law on Environmental Protection with its provisions on environmental licensing and major accident 

prevention gives rules on a special control regime for activities and installations which have or might have 

impacts on the environment – along the lines of the EU Directive 96/61/EC concerning integrated pollution 

prevention and control (IPPC), and on the prevention and limitation of the consequences of major accidents 

which might result from activities involving hazardous substances – along the line of EU Directive 96/82/EC 

on the control of major accident hazards involving dangerous substances (Seveso II). The range of 

application for the provisions on environmental permit and on major accidents prevention is set by annexes 

to the law with lists of installations (IPPC) and substances (Seveso II) – with thresholds and criteria. The 

thresholds also apply to existing installations. The by-laws have to set timetables for adoption and retrofitting 

of existing installations within 2 years after entering into force this Law. 

New Framework Law on Water Protection based on Water Framework Directives (WFD) calls for a river 

basin approach in water administration. According to this Law monitoring should be in line with the plan for 

water protection, which describes the monitoring network for surface and groundwater. As the monitoring 

and planning are essential part of the implementation of the WFD, it will contribute significantly to 

improvement of coastal marine environment pollution control in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 

Water Sector Institutional Strengthening 

Within the project “Institutional strengthening of water sector in B&H” that covered five aspects: institutional, 

legal, financial, water quality and human resources aspect, was assessed that existing institutional 

organization causing low efficiency of management of water and environmental sector. New institutional set 

up proposed is based on EU Framework Directive. Proposed arrangement includes one of fundamental 

water management principles “Water resources are managed integrally and on the level of river basin". 

New institutional set-up based on river basin model is supported by international community and Office of 

the High Representative (OHR-a), and adopted by the entity governments. The governments have signed 

memorandum of Understanding with European Commission for implementation of recommendations given 

in Institutional Strengthening of the Water sector in B&H. The implementation started in April 2001 with 

financial support of European Union. The proposed overall organizational set-up fully complies with the 

international water management and environment principles, and the water and environmental legislation of 

EU. The key element of the set-up is integration of water management into the environmental management. 

The implementation of this project Phase II started on December 2003. 

4. Signature, ratification of International legal instruments: 

7.1 Ratification of amended or new versions of the Convention and Protocols. 

No Protocols were signed or ratified by B&H during the period under revision. B&H has not yet ratified the 

amendments to the Barcelona convention. 

7.2 Bilateral or multilateral Agreements relevant to the terms of the Convention and 

Protocols entered into (Article 3.2. of the Convention) 

None relevant to the terms of the Convention and Protocols, but in the meantime B&H concluded the 

Agreement which concerns co-operation for the Management of the Sava River Basin Between: B&H, 

Croatia, Slovenia and Yugoslavia (Serbia& Montenegro), signed 29 November 2001 in Sarajevo 

7.3 Signature, ratification or accession to any international or regional environmental 

legal instrument relevant to the objectives of the Mediterranean Action Plan, in 

particular, those listed in the attached appendix 

Air 

Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air pollution, Geneva (Official Gazette R B&H 13/94) 

Protocol to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air pollution on Long term financing of 

the Co-operative programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Range transmission of Air 

Pollutants in Europe (EMEP) Geneva (Official Gazette R B&H 13/94) 

Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna (Official Gazette R B&H 25/93) 

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, (Official Gazette R B&H 

25/93) 

United Nations framework Convention on Climate Change is the first MEA that B&H as 

independent state ratified. B&H ratified Convention on July 20, 2000 (Official Gazette B&H 

19/2000). Under official data from Secretariat, Convention get into the force regarding B&H on 

December 06, 2000, 90 days upon submitting official document of ratification to Secretariat. 

Natural Heritage 

International Plant Protection Convention, Rome (Official Gazette SFRJ 13/94) 

UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, June 05, 1992


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Presidency of B&H passed Decision on Ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity on its 

session held on October 04, 2002, after the Decision of the Parliamentary Assembly B&H, adopted 

on its session held on September 30, 2002. Decision on ratification was published in Official 

Gazette B&H – International Agreements No 13, dated December 31, 2002. 

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as waterfowl Habitat 

(Notification on succession 2001) 

Nuclear Safety 

Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (Official Gazette SFRJ 9/85, R B&H 

13/94) 

Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage (Official Gazette SFRJ 5/77, R B&H 

13/94) 

Convention on assistance in the case of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency (Official 

Gazette SFRJ 4/91, R B&H 13/94) 

Water 

Convention for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution (Official Gazette SFRJ 

12/77, R B&H 13/94) 

Protocol for the prevention of pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by dumping from ships and 

aircrafts (Official Gazette SFRJ 12/77, R B&H 13/94) 

Protocol for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea by dumping against pollution from land-based 

sources (LBS) (Official Gazette SFRJ 12/77, R B&H 13/94) 

Protocol concerning specially protected areas and biological diversity in the Mediterranean Sea 

(Official Gazette SFRJ 9/85, R B&H 13/94) 

Protocol for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution resulting from exploration and 

exploitation of the continental shelf and the sea/bed and its sub-soil (Official Gazette SFRJ 12/77, 

R B&H 13/94) 

International Convention for the prevention of pollution of the sea by oil (Official Gazette SFRJ 

60/73, 53/73, R B&H 13/94) 

Convention on fishing and conservation of the living resources of the high seas (Official Gazette 

SFRJ 4/65, R B&H 15/95) 

Convention on the prevention of marine pollution by dumping of waste and other matter (Official 

Gazette SFRJ 13/77, R B&H 13/94) 

UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montego Bay (Official Gazette SFRJ 60/73, 4/65, R B&H 

15/95) 

Waste 

Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their 

Disposal was adopted on March 22, 1989, entered in force on May 05, 1992. 

B&H ratified the Convention in December of 2000. 

Other 

B&H has ratified United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing 

Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa, Paris 1994. 

Decision on Ratification of the Convention was published in Official gazette B&H – International Agreements 

on August 26, 2002. By this B&H became observer to the Convention. Full membership to the Convention 

was achieved in 90 days time after ratification of the Convention – November 26, 2002. (OG International 

Agreements 1/03) 

Process of ratification 

B&H started official procedure for ratification of: 

Convention on Protection and Sustainable use of Danube River (Sofia, 1994) 

UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation and Access to Justice in Environmental 

Matters (Aarhus 1998). 

8. Legal and/or administrative measures taken under the terms of the Convention: 

8.1. For the application of the Precautionary Principle and the Polluter Pays Principle 

(Articles 4.3 (a) and 4.3 (b)). 

Article 6 of Law on Environmental Protection of Federation of B&H, (Official Gazette No 33/03), defines the 

“The Principle of Precaution and Prevention ” principle:


Annex III 

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Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as 

a reason for postponing the imposition of precaution and prevention measures to prevent environmental 

degradation. 

The use of the environmental shall be organized and performed in such a manner that 

- it shall result in the lowest level of environmental loading and utilization of the environment; 

- it shall prevent environmental pollution; 

- it shall prevent the damaging of the environment. 

The use of the environment shall be performed by observing the principle of precaution, by carefully 

managing and using economically the environmental components, furthermore, by decreasing the release of 

wastes and by striving for the recycling and the re-use of natural and manufactured materials. 

In the interest of prevention, the best available techniques shall be applied during the use of the 

environment. 

The user of the environment posing a hazard to or damaging the environment shall stop the hazardous or 

damaging activity immediately. 

The user of the environment shall provide for the elimination of the environmental damage caused by his/her 

activity and the restoration of the damaged environment. 

Article 11 of Law on Environment of Federation of B&H, (Official Gazette No 33/03), defines the “Polluter 

pays” principle: 

This principle implies that in general it is for the polluter to meet the costs of pollution control and prevention 

measures, irrespective of whether those costs are incurred as a result of the imposition of some charge or 

pollution emission, or are debited through some other suitable economic mechanisms, or are in response to 

some direct regulation leading to some enforced reduction in pollution. 

The user of the environment shall be liable for the environmental impacts of its activity as defined in this Act, 

and as regulated in this Act and other legal rules. 

8.2. To ensure the undertaking of Environmental Impact Assessment studies for 

relevant activities (Article 4.3 (c)). 

Chapter IX of Law on Environmental Protection of Federation of B&H, (Official 

Gazette No 33/03), regulates the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) 

studies: 

The Objective of an EIA 

An EIA should serve at the identification, description and assessment of the direct and indirect effects of a 

project on the following elements and factors: 

- human beings, fauna and flora; 

- soil, water, air, climate and the landscape; 

- material assets and the cultural heritage; 

- the interaction between the factors mentioned in the first, second and third alines of this paragraph. 

Projects subject to EIA 

The plants and installations or significant changes of the existing installations listed in implementing 

regulation shall be subject to EIA in all cases. 

The plants and installations or significant changes of the existing installations listed in implementing 

regulation shall be subject to EIA, if the competent ministry authority decides so. 

Significant changes of installation and plants shall be considered as: 

- Any modification of plants and installations; 

- If the total of modifications exceeds 25 % growth in production, energy use, water consumption, territory 

use, emission or waste production, 

- the (last) modification that leads to the excess of 25 % growth (within ten years) shall be considered as 

significant. 

Decommissioning the operation of the projects and demolishing the sites in connection with such 

decommissioning is subject to EIA. 

8.3. For the promotion of the integrated management of the coastal zones (Article 4.3 

(e)). 

There is not a law dealing specifically with coastal zones in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 

The next laws apply to coastal zones: 

o Law on Environmental Protection, (FB&H and RS, passed 2002 and 2003) 

o Law on Nature Protection; (FB&H and RS, passed 2002 and 2003) 

o Law on Air Protection; (FB&H and RS, passed 2002 and 2003) 

o Law on Waste Management; (FB&H and RS, passed 2002 and 2003) 

o Law on Water Protection, (FB&H and RS, passed 2002 and 2003) 

o Water Law, (FB&H and RS, passed 2002 and 2003)


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o Law on Physical Planning and Construction, (FB&H and RS, passed 2002 and 2003) 

o Law on Eco-Fund (FB&H and RS, passed 2002 and 2003) 

o Law on Freedom Access to Information in B&H (Published in “B&H Official Gazette”, No. 

28/2000) 

National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) and a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) have been 

passed but these are not policy documents strictu senso. 

Implementation of the “Solid Waste Management Strategy in B&H” is underway. 

Inter-entity bodies 

Two steering committees, the Water Steering Committee (WSC) and Environmental Steering Committee 

(ESC) were established in 1998 with responsibility for coordination and co-operation between competent 

Ministries of the two Entities. 

Environmental Steering Committee (ESC) 

It is inter-entity body that coordinates the work related to the environment between the two entities. 

The Environmental Steering Committee has eight members, four from each entity. These meet regularly to 

discuss common issues. They are supported by a “secretariat” created through a LIFE Third Countries 

support, with the intention of institutionalizing coordination. The ESC does not include representatives from 

Brcko or the State, and has only a consultative function. As such, it can only serve in a role of coordination 

and information sharing (the same applies for the Water Steering Committee). There is a certain degree of 

potential conflict between the ESC and UKOOR (State level coordination body, which gathers various 

stakeholders a few times in the year to discuss some issues). 

Commission for coordination of water management issues (Water Steering Committee) 

The WSC was established in 1998 by signing Memorandum on Understanding by competent Ministers of 

both entities’ Governments. This commission has eight members, four for each entity. The weaknesses of 

the WSC are the same as for the ESC. 

Implementation of the Project “Preparation of Draft Framework Environmental Law for B&H and Feasibility 

Study for the Establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency of B&H” is underway. Establishment of 

Environmental Agency on the State level should contribute for stronger progress in the field of B&H 

environment. 

8.4. To establish or improve marine pollution monitoring programmes (Article 12.1). 

Article 47 of Law on Water Protection of Federation of B&H, (Official Gazette No 33/03), defines the “River 

basin district water protection database and monitoring” 

“The river basin district bodies are responsible for developing and maintaining the water protection 

information system on their territory. 

The river basin district water protection information system is particularly based on: 

- Continuous monitoring of the quality and quantity of waters; 

- Information gathered from permitting and consent processes; 

- Data obtained from monitoring by water users and 

- Public monitoring. 

The monitoring system run by the river basin district body shall at least contain: 

- with regard to surface waters, the volume and level or rate of flow to an extent that is relevant for the 

ecological and chemical status and the ecological potential of the waters, and the ecological and chemical 

status and ecological potential of the waters; 

- with regard to ground waters, the chemical and quantitative status of the waters,; 

- with regard to protected areas, in addition to the elements of points 1 and 2 of this paragraph, those 

specifications laid down in the legislation under which the individual protected areas were established. 

The water protection database shall be handled in computerized Geographic Information System (GIS) 

arrangements and be available for everybody on the Internet. 

The Federal Minister shall regulate the uniform content and methodology of the river basin district water 

protection databases, especially the density of monitoring sites, the frequency and methodology of sampling, 

the list of mandatory parameters, analyzing methods and evaluation algorithms, and the range of 

installations obliged to run self-monitoring or otherwise producing water protection-related data”. 

8.5. Regarding access to information by the public, and participation of the Public in 

decision-making processes (Article 15). 

Article 10 of Law on Environmental Protection of Federation of B&H, (Official Gazette No 33/03), defines the 

“The Principle of Precaution and Prevention ” principle: 

Public Participation and Access to Information


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Environmental issues are best handled with the participation of all citizens’ concerned citizens at the 

relevant level. Each individual and organization shall have appropriate access to information concerning the 

environment that is held by public authorities, including information on hazardous materials and activities in 

their communities, and the opportunity to participate in decision-making processes. 

Regulatory bodies and public authorities shall facilitate and encourage public awareness and participation by 

making information widely available. 

Effective access to judicial and administrative proceedings, including redress and remedy, shall be 

provided. 

Launching in the Internet of the web page of the Ministry of Physical planning and Environment 

(www.fmpuio.gov.ba) and Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry (www.fmpvs.gov.ba). 

It provides the access to environmental information, including federal legislation (laws and bylaws), main 

actions carried out by the Ministry’s, environmental policies, collaboration agreements with international 

organizations, links of interests, news, e-mail etc. 

9. Brief description of any problems or constraints in implementation of the 

Convention. 

Adoption of set of environmental laws has compiled legal aspect of environmental protection in Bosnia and 

Herzegovina. In previous period, regulations related to environment have been spread out in different acts, 

laws, rules, decrees and decisions. 

In order to provide conditions for effective implementation of set of laws, entities should work on following: 

• Adoption of Strategies and other policy acts, on state, entity and local level in accordance with laws; 

• Adoption of a number of by-laws in order to clarify obligations of different stakeholders; 

• Preparation of environmental education programs on different levels; 

• Providing conditions for permanent capacity building; 

• Define dynamic for realization of tasks, particularly for adoption of secondary legislation; 

• Define responsibility for implementation of laws; 

• Establish operational services for monitoring of implementation; 

• Establish operational communication with other sectors, related to environment; 

• Develop scheme for financing of activities in accordance with Law on Environmental Funds. 

Laws prescribed obligation for adoption a number of sub laws and defined responsibilities of different bodies 

in this respect. 

Preparation of Policy documents, Strategies, Plans and Programs 

In accordance with laws, Federation of B&H should prepare and adopt strategies for environmental 

protection, and strategies for each area covered by sector laws (air, water, waste, nature). Division of 

responsibilities is as follows: 

• Ministry to prepare Draft Document and discuss it with other related ministries; 

• Government to approve proposal and to proceed it to parliament for final adoption; 

• Parliament to adopt decision on adoption of the Strategy. 

Special need is in institutions and (qualified) professionals that would cover coastal and marine part of B&H. 

10. Any relevant remarks or comments regarding the implementation of the 

Convention. 

(See point 9) 

Appendix to biennial general report and report on the implementation of the Convention for the 

Protection of the Mediterranean Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean. 

TABLE 1 

List of international legal instruments on which information regarding signature, ratification or accession is 

required as per paragraph 7.3 in terms of Resolutions and Recommendations of the Contracting Parties 

between 1985 and 2002. 

Note: The international legal instruments below are listed in chronological order of adoption, and NOT in 

order of their relative importance to Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention and Protocols. 

International Legal Instrument 

1966 International Convention on Load Lines (LL 1966) 

1969 International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships (TONNAGE 1969) 

International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution 

Casualties (INTERVENTION 1969) and its 1973 Protocol relating to Intervention on the High 

Seas in Cases of Pollution by Substances other than Oil (INTERVENTION PROTOCOL 1973) 

Dates of signature, 

ratification and/or 

accession

1971 UNESCO Convention on Wetlands of international Importance especially as Waterfowl 

Habitat, as amended by the 1982 Paris Protocol and the 1987 Amendments (The Ramsar 

Convention) 

1972 IMO Convention on the prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and other 

Matter, and the 1996 Protocol thereto (The London Dumping Convention) 

1972 UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural 

Heritage (The World heritage Convention) 

1972 Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG 

1972) 

1973 IMO International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, as modified by 

the Protocol of 1978 (The MARPOL 73/78 Convention) 

1973 UNEP Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and 

Flora, as amended in 1979 

1974 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS 1974) 

1976 ILO Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention (No. 147), and the 1996 

Protocol thereto. 

1978 International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for 

Seafarers (STCW 1978) 

1979 Council of Europe Convention on the Conservation of European wildlife and natural 

habitats (The Bern Convention) 

1979 UNEP Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (The Bonn 

Convention) 


Annex III 

Page 45 

01.03.92 

Notification on succession 

2001 

TABLE 1 (continued) 



ratification 

accession 

and/or 

1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Succession 12.01.94 

1989 UNEP Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes 

and their Disposal (The Basle Convention) 

Ratification 

March 22, 1989 entered into 

force 

May 5, 1992, ratified 

1989 International Convention on Salvage (SALVAGE 1989) 

1990 International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation 

(OPRC), and the 2000 Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Cooperation to Pollution 

Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances (OPRC-HNS Protocol) 

1992 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC 1992) Succession 12.01.94 

1992 International Convention on the establishment of an International Fund for Compensation 

for Oil Pollution Damage (FUND 1992). 

1992 UNEP Convention on Biological Diversity Rio Ratification 

December 31, 2002 ratified 

1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Ratification 

July 20, 2000 

Get into force December 6, 

2000 

1994 United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Ratification 

August 26, 2002 ratified 

November 26, 2002 

accession 

1996 International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in connection with 

the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances at Sea (1996 HNS Convention). 

2001 International Convention on the Control of Harmful Antifouling Systems on Ships. 

2001 International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage. 

TABLE 2 

Signature, ratification or accession of other international legal instruments relevant to the Mediterranean Action Plan other 

than those listed in Table 1. 



ratification 

accession 

and/or 

Convention on Protection and Sustainable use of Danube River, Sofia 1994 Procedure 

started 

for ratification 

UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation and Access to Justice 

Environmental Matters (Aarhus 1998) 

Procedure for ratification 

started


Annex III 

Page 46 

Biennial report on the implementation of the Protocol for the Prevention and Elimination of Pollution 

of the Mediterranean Sea by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft and Incineration at Sea: 

II 

1. Legal and/or administrative measures taken under the terms of the Protocol: 

1.1. To protect, preserve and manage marine and coastal areas of particular natural or 

cultural value, and to protect, preserve and manage threatened and endangered 

species of marine and coastal flora and fauna (Article 3). 

Legislation relevant for the Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in B&H 

According to the Dayton Agreement (treaty) the environmental protection, preservation and promotion 

comes within the competence of separate entities, the Federation of B&H and Republic of Srpska and Brcko 

District, as unique unit of local autonomy, under B&H authorities and competence defined by District Statute. 

FB&H is administratively divided into ten cantons. 

In July, 1998, the entity ministries for environment put their signatures on the Hungariion Szentender 

Agreement which founded the common body for the environment whose aim is coordination and 

environmental low and policy at the state level. 

There is still no environmental policy at the state level. European Commission funded an intensive program, 

with main goal to prepare drafts of set of laws, for both entities, which would cover environmental issues in 

accordance with modern EU legislation. The project is finalised and new set of laws on environmental 

related issues is adopted (Environmental Framework Law, Law on Water Protection, Law on Waste, Law on 

Nature Protection, Law on Air Protection (Official gazette of F B&H, No. 33/03). 

Some Cantons in Federation of B&H like Tuzla and Western Herzegovina have their own laws for 

environment protection, whereas Herzegovina-Neretva Canton has Order for nature Protection decree which 

was made in B&H in 1994 as the first regulation related to this problem. 

On the ground of the Decree, the laws that define Hutovo blato and Blidinje as natural parks were made in 

1995. They are defined as regions with pronounced /obvious esthetical, ecological, tourist and recreational 

values. Public enterprises «Hutovo blato» and «Blidinje» were established founded in 1996. 

Their main purpose is preservation, maintenance, and development of the protected areas of the nature. 

And regulation of the control of the activities that can jeopardize the environment and for which it is 

necessary to elaborate the Study of the influence upon it was made in 1995. 

Republic Srpska (RS) passed some laws that regulate the protection of nature and environment. 

Laws on Nature Protection in both entities and Brcko District defines the basic principles of nature 

protection, the competences of responsible bodies in this field, planning of nature protection, general and 

special measures for nature protection and sanctions. 

1.2. To establish Specially Protected marine and coastal areas (Article 5). 

Articles 25 and 26 of above mentioned Law on Nature Protection defines specially protected areas. 

According to Article 25 of the Law on Nature Protection: “A protected area is an area of land and/or sea, 

which has been specifically dedicated in order to protect and maintain biological diversity and natural and 

associated cultural resources. 

Protected areas shall be established in form of: 

a) Nature protection areas protected areas managed mainly for reasons of science or wilderness protection; 

b) National parks protected areas managed mainly for ecosystem protection and recreation; 

c) Natural monuments protected areas managed mainly for conservation of specific natural features, 

d) Landscape protection areas protected areas managed mainly for landscape/seascape conservation and 

recreation”. 

According to Article 26 of the Law on Nature Protection “A nature protection area is: 

a) An area of land and/or sea possessing some outstanding or representative ecosystems, geological or 

physiological features and/or species, available primarily and set aside for scientific research and/or 

environmental monitoring; or 

b) A large area of unmodified or slightly modified land, and/or sea, retaining is natural character and 

influence, without permanent or significant habitation, which is protected and managed so as to preserve its 

natural condition; or 

c) An area of land and/or sea subject to active intervention for management purposes so as to ensure the 

maintenance of habitats and/or to meet the requirements of specific species. 

The objectives of management are: 

- preservation of the habitats, ecosystems and species in as undisturbed a state as possible, maintaining 

the genetic resources in a dynamic and evolutionary state, maintaining the established ecological


Annex III 

Page 47 

processes, safeguard of the structural landscape features or rock exposures, securing the examples of the 

natural environment for scientific studies, environmental monitoring and education, including baseline areas 

from which all avoidable access is excluded, reduction of the disturbance by careful planning and execution 

of research and other approved activities, and limitation of the public access. 

- ensuring that future generations been left the essential natural attributes and qualities of the 

environment and providing for public access and maintaining the wilderness qualities of the area 

- securing and maintaining the habitat conditions necessary to protect significant species, groups of 

species, biotic communities or physical features of the environment where these require specific human 

intervention for optimum management, facilitating the scientific research and environmental monitoring as 

primary activities associated with sustainable resource management, developing the limited areas for public 

education and appreciation of the characteristics of the habitats concerned and of the work of wildlife 

management, eliminating and thereafter preventing the exploitation or occupation inimical to the purposes 

of designation, and delivering such benefits to people living within the designated area as are consistent with 

the other objectives of management”. 

1.3. To ensure protection in conformity with Article 6, in particular: 

(a) Strengthening of application of the other Protocols and other treaties (Article 6(a); 

No legal measures approved during the period under review in order to strengthen the application of any 

other Protocols. 

(b) Prohibition of dumping or discharge affecting protected areas (Article 6(b)); 

As a general provision, within the respective legislation of every existing protected area, all those activities 

potentially harming them are restricted. 

Law on Nature Protection defines within chapter “Management of protected areas” that the necessary nature 

protection management measures and related techniques to be applied in protected areas shall be 

regulated by the special regulation. This regulation shall be harmonized with the Federal Nature Protection 

Strategy. 

After adoption of the mentioned regulation, the FB&H Government shall adopt a special management plan 

for each national park and nature protection area. 

The regulation awarding protected area status shall also contain prohibitions and limitations, which are 

deemed necessary in order to fulfil the objectives of management. But the above-mentioned regulations and 

strategy have not been adopted during the period under review. 

(c) Regulation of the passage of ships (Article 6(c)); 

No specific regulations related this issue. However in general Law on water Protection defines that “the 

protection of maritime waters against pollution caused by vessels shall be regulated pursuant to the 

regulations governing the sphere of maritime transportation. 

Wastewater generated by vessels shall be prohibited from draining into waters directly from the vessels, 

except for unpolluted cooling water “. 

But the above-mentioned regulation has not been adopted during the period under review. 

(d) Regulation of introduction of species (Article 6(d)); 

Law on Nature Protection defines within chapter “Introduction of new or extinct species” that deliberate 

introduction of plant and animal species, which are not native to the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 

shall be forbidden. 

Exemptions can be established by regulation/by-law in the event that such introduction does not prejudice 

natural habitats within their natural range or the wild native fauna and flora. 

Reintroduction of extinct plant and animal species into nature in the FB&H Federation shall be performed 

only with prior permission of the Federal Ministry and prior opinion of the Federal Ministry responsible for 

agriculture, water-management and forestry”. 

(e) Regulation of activities (Article 6(e), 6(h)); 

Law on Nature Protection defines within chapter “European Protection Areas” defines that any plan or 

project which is not directly connected with or necessary for the management of the site but likely to have a 

significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall be subject to 

appropriate assessment of its implications for the site in view of the site's conservation objectives (species 

and/or habitats of community interest).


Annex III 

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The approval of the plan or project shall be carried out only after having ascertained that it will not adversely 

affect the integrity of the site concerned. 

(f) Regulation of scientific research activities (Article 6(f)); 

No regulation of scientific research activities during the period under review. 

(g) Regulation of fishing, hunting, taking of animals, harvesting of plants, and trade in 

plants and animals and parts thereof originating from protected areas (Article 6 (g)); 

Law on Nature Protection defines within chapter “Protection of wild animals and plants” that wild plants, 

which do not have protected status, shall not be deliberately damaged or destroyed, misused or excessively 

used. 

Failing special reason for so doing, wild animals, which do not have protected status shall not be disturbed, 

tracked or killed. Failing special reason, it is further prohibited to relocate, damage or destroy their breeding 

sites (nests or spawning grounds) and to disturb, destroy or change their habitats (resting places etc.). 

Wild species, which do not have status mentioned above shall be protected in accordance with the “Red 

List”. 

The Law defines some exemptions and in that case the special regulation shall define those wild animal 

species for hunting and fishing (angling), as well as the time, number of exemplars and methods therefore. 

1.4. Regarding planning and management of specially protected areas (Article 7); 

The Nature Protection Strategy shall define tasks and policies connected with the protection of nature and 

biodiversity, to ensure the surveying, protection and other parts of the natural heritage according to the Law 

on Nature Protection. 

This Federal Strategy is part of Federal Strategy for Environmental Protection. 

Law on Nature Protection defines within chapter “Management of protected areas” that the necessary nature 

protection management measures and related techniques to be applied in protected areas shall be 

regulated by the special regulation. This regulation shall be harmonised with the Federal Nature Protection 

Strategy. 

After adoption of the mentioned regulation, the FB&H Government shall adopt a special management plan 

for each national park and nature protection area. 

The regulation awarding protected area status shall also contain prohibitions and limitations, which are 

deemed necessary in order to fulfil the objectives of management. But the above-mentioned regulations and 

strategy have not been adopted during the period under review. 

1.5 For the protection and conservation of species (Article 11); 

Law on Nature Protection defines within chapter “Protection of wild animals and plants” that wild plants, 

which do not have protected status, shall not be deliberately damaged or destroyed, misused or excessively 

used. 

Failing special reason for so doing, wild animals, which do not have protected status shall not be disturbed, 

tracked or killed. Failing special reason, it is further prohibited to relocate, damage or destroy their breeding 

sites (nests or spawning grounds) and to disturb, destroy or change their habitats (resting places etc.). 

Wild species, which do not have status mentioned above shall be protected in accordance with the “Red 

List”. 

1.6. To regulate introduction of non-indigenous or genetically modified species (Article 13); 

The Law on Nature Protection forbid the introduction of foreign species. 

We may consider two areas of B&H waters separatelly. First area is marine waters and second estruarinewetland 

area of Hutovo Blato, which are situated only 15 km northwest of the B&H. 

We suppose that B&Hmarine waters are still free of any introduced species. But, final confirmation of this 

statement, is possible only after research of marine ecosystems. 

Abudance of introduced species estruarine-wetlands area of Hutovo Blato is on critical level, especially in 

the two greatest lake. The main reason for introduction of new species was to enhance economic properties 

of the wetlands. 

This area presently object of research under EU-LIFE Third Countries funded project. 

Results of project LIFE (see Anex ). 

1.7. To grant exemptions from protection measures (Article 12,18). 

Lack of information 

2. Brief description of any problems or constraints in implementation of the 

Protocol.

(See Annex 1) 


Annex III 

Page 49 

Biennial report on the implementation of the Protocol on Pollution resulting from Exploration and Exploitation 

of the Continental Shelf and the Seabed and its Subsoil: 


6. List of Specially Protected Areas established in terms of Article 5 (unless already covered by 

national biennial report on implementation of Convention and protocols). 

At present only two declared protected area exist in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Natural park Hutovo blato and 

Natural park Blidinje. 

Hutovo Blato is a natural park and it was declared as a protected area on 30 th March 1995. 

Mediterranean wetlands Hutovo Blato is located in the southern part of Herzegovina (17°43'-17°51' and 

43°00'-43°15') and constitutes the Herzegovinian part of the Neretva Delta. The total area of the Natural 

park in Hutovo Blato is 7,411 ha, of which 4,877 ha belong to the Gornje (Deran) Blato region. 

Over 600 species and lower tax of vascular plants (Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) have been identified in 

the park region up to now. A total of 28 plants can be designed as rare, endangered and vulnerable species 

of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Some species have small populations, so they need to be protected together 

with their habitats. The most important localities (and habitats) in the Natural park should be evaluated as 

special botanical preserves. 

163 bird species from 39 families (according to VAURIE 1959, 1965) was registered in the Natural 

park. 

Out of all birds registered in 2000, 51 species (31%) belong to various categories of endangerment 

(King 1979; Obratil, Matvejev 1989). 

22 fish species from 12 families was registered in the Natural park. 

Ichthyofauna of the Hutovo blato Natural park could be roughly divided into three groups: 

native species, which separate part are endemic species, 

migratory species, which enter wetlands during part of their life cycle, 

non-native species, introduced in Hutovo blato in the last 100 years. 

Blidinje is a natural park and it was declared as a protected area on 30 th March 1995. 

The nature Park Blidinje is situated in southwest of Bbosnia and Herzegovina, in the mountain area of Vran, 

Čvrsnica and Čabulja. 

The Park covers 580 km sg. Of aged forests located there. The central point of this area is Blidinje Lake, 

1180 meters above the sea level and a number of other lakes. 

Bearing in mind the natural values of the site : 

especially the ecosystem rare for Europe 

the abundance of habitats 

the extremely interesting flora and fauna endemic species 

the important migratory fly way. 

The main and most characteristic ecosystems in the Natural park «Blidinje» are: 

- ecosystems of endemic species Pinus heldreichii Christ.(greatest forest complex in the 

Europe) 

- ecosystems mountain species 

- ecosystems open water 

- ecosystems underground water 

7. Proposals made for inclusion of areas under national jurisdiction in SPAMI list (Article 9 (a)) 

(a) Date of proposal/s 

(b) Areas proposed (attach list) 

Natural park Blidinje is planed to become a part of the National park Cvrsnica-Prenj-Cabulja, which would be 

a national park of higher rank then Blidinje is at present. Furthermore, a procedure for proposal of including 

cave Vjetrenica and waterfall Kravica on the UNESCO list is under preparation. 

Cave Vjetrenica is situated in the immediate proximity of the coastal area outback of B&H. It is necessary to 

previously make an expert basis for fulfilling a criteria for UNESCO list. 

8. SPAMI list: 

(a) The status and state of the areas under national jurisdiction included in the SPAMI list 

(Article 23(a)) 

(b) Any changes in the delimitation or legal status of such SPAMIs (Article 23 (b)). 

Not applicable. 

9. Any changes in the delimitation or legal status of protected species.


Annex III 

Page 50 

During the year 2003, a set of new Environment Laws has been enacted regarding the environment and its 

protection in FB&H and RS. One of those is the Law on Nature protection within which is defined a status of 

protected species, as follows: 

Article 34 

Protected plant and fungi species listed in the “Red List” 

The following shall be prohibited: 

(a) the deliberate picking, collecting, cutting, uprooting or destruction of such plants in their natural range 

in the wild, 

(b) the keeping, transport and sale or exchange and offering for sale or exchange of specimens of such 

species obtained in the wild, except for those obtained legally before this law entered into force. 

The prohibitions referred to in paragraph 1 of this article shall apply to all stages of the biological cycle of the 

plants. 

Article 35 

Protected animals listed in the “Red List” 

The following shall be prohibited: 

(a) All forms of deliberate capture or killing of specimens of these species in the wild; 

(b) The deliberate disturbance of these species, particularly during the period of breeding, rearing, 

hibernation and migration; 

(c) Deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the wild; 

(d) Deterioration or destruction of breeding sites or resting places; 

(e) The keeping, transport and sale or exchange, and offering for sale or exchange, of specimens taken from 

the wild, except for those taken legally before this law entered into force, 

(f) The use of all indiscriminate means capable of causing local disappearance of, or serious disturbance to, 

populations of such species. 

The implementing regulation/by-law shall regulate a system to monitor the incidental capture and killing of 

protected animal species shall be regulated. 

The implementing regulation/by-law shall regulate further research or conservation measures as required to 

ensure that incidental capture and killing does not have a significant negative impact on the species 

concerned. 

The prohibition referred to in paragraph 1 (a), (b) and (e) of this article shall apply to all stages of life of the 

animals. 

Article 36 

Exemptions 

As an exemption, the application of the provisions of articles 22 paragraph 1 and 2, and 34 paragraph 1, and 

article 35 paragraph 1 may be limited by the special regulation, as follows: 

1.) in the interest of protecting wild fauna and flora and conserving natural habitats; 

2.) to prevent serious damage to crops, livestock, forests, fisheries and water; 

3.) to prevent other serious damage; 

4.) in the interests of public health and public safety, 

5.) or for other imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of a social or economic 

nature and beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment; 

6.) for the purpose of research and education, of repopulating and re-introducing these species and for the 

breeding operations necessary for these purposes, including the artificial propagation of plants; 

7.) to allow, under strictly supervised conditions, on a selective basis and to a limited extent, the taking or 

keeping of certain specimens of the species in limited numbers. 

The regulation established in article 23 paragraph1 of this law shall regulate those wild animal species for 

hunting and fishing (angling), as well as the time, number of exemplars and methods therefore. 

In the case established in paragraph 3 of this article, the prior opinion of the Ministry responsible for hunting 

and fishing is required. 

Article 37 

Introduction of new or extinct species 

Deliberate introduction of plant and animal species which are not native to the territory of Bosnia and 

Herzegovina shall be forbidden. 

Exemptions concerning paragraph 1 of this article can be established by regulation/by-law in the event that 

such introduction does not prejudice natural habitats within their natural range or the wild native fauna and


Annex III 

Page 51 

flora. 

Reintroduction of extinct plant and animal species into nature in the FB&H Federation shall be performed 

only with prior permission of the Federal Ministry and prior opinion of the Federal Ministry responsible for 

agriculture, water-management and forestry. 

At present there is a procedure of adjusting Cantonal laws with above mentioned Federal Laws. 

10. New records of non-indigenous or genetically modified species likely to cause damage (Article 

13.2). 

No data available. 

11. Inventories of the components of biological diversity (Article 15). 

(a) Date of compilation or updating of inventory of areas containing rare or fragile 

ecosystems; 

(b) Date of compilation or updating of inventory of threatened or endangered flora and or 

fauna. 

(c) Attach inventory/inventories, unless already previously submitted in ad hoc 

report. 

Two action plans have been proposed within the framework of the SAP BIO Project, and by their 

implementation inventories of the components of biological diversity would be made and data for threatened 

or endangered flora and fauna would be collected for existing and future specially protected areas in B&H. 

12. Exemptions granted from protection measures (Articles 12, 18, 23(c)). 


13. Implementation of the action plans for threatened species adopted within the framework of MAP. 

Mr. Ivan Buntić, as a B&H representative, will attend the 7 th meeting on the National Focal Point for SPA in 

Seville, Spain, form 31 st May to 3 rd June 2005. For that meeting a National Report on the Application of the 

Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean will be prepared 

for MAP presentation until 1 st March, and therefore this report is not available at this moment, and it will be 

submitted additionally. 

14. Implementation of other relevant recommendations of Contracting Parties not already included in 

national biennial report on implementation of Convention and Protocols. 


ANNEX 

Flora and fauna of Hutovo blato Wetlands 

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CATCH DURING SURVEY IN 2000 

LIST OF CAUGHT FISH SPECIES IN HUTOVO BLATO WETLANDS 

Family : Salmonidae 

Salmo dentex – dentex trout 

Family: Cyprinidae 

Rutilus basak – Adriatic roach 

Leuciscus svallize – Adriatic dace 

Scardinius scardafa – rudd 

Tinca tinca – tench 

Chondrostoma kneri – neretvanian nase 

Alburnus albidus – bleak 

Carassius auratus auratus – goldfish 

Cyprinus carpio – common carp 

Family: Cobitidae 

Cobitis narentana – neretvan spined loach 

Family: Ameiuridae 

Ameiurus nebulosus – brown bullhead 

Family: Anguilidae 

Anguilla anguilla – European eel 

Family: Gasterosteidae 

Gasterosteus aculeatus – three-spined stickleback


Annex III 

Page 52 

Family: Mugilidae 

Mugil cephalus – grey mullet 

Liza ramada – thinlip mullet 

Liza saliens – leaping mullet 

Family: Poecilidae 

Gambusia holbrooki – mosquito fish 

Family: Centrarchidae 

Lepomis gibbosus – pumpkinseed, sunfish 

Family: Gobiidae 

Knipowitschia punctatisima croatica 

Knipowitschia sp.undetermined, possibly new species 

Family: Percidae 

Gymnocephalus cernuus - ruffe 

Family: Pleuronectidae 

Pleuronectes flesus - flounder 

3. SPECIAL PART 

This part of the elaborate study presents the list of birds of Hutovo blato marsh and nearby land, which has 

been made on the basis of the own ornithological field researches conducted in the period between January 

and December 2000. 

Taxonomic order of species is given according to VAURIE (1959, 1965) and MATVEJEV – VASIĆ (1973). 

The basic criteria for elaboration of certain species are as follows: 

a) Scientific (Latin) name of a species and its author 

b) Type of distribution according to VOOUS (1962) 

c) The main seasonal status of a species is determined on the basis of the ornithological researches in Hutovo 

blato (Reiser 1939, Obratil 1971, 1985, 1996), and researches conducted in the year 2000, and is given in 

the following abbreviations: 

R – Resident 

S – Summer resident 

M – Migrant 

W – Winter visitor 

A – Annual Vagrant 

V – Irregular Vagrant 

d) Category of endangerment is presented according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and 

Natural Resources (IUNC), applied to the Red Book for Europe (King 1979). This method was also 

applied to the proposed Red List of endangered birds in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Obratil-Matvejev 

1989). Category of endangerment, for B&H/Europe, is shown in abbreviations: 

Ex – Extinct 

Ex? – Extinct? 

E – Endangered 

V – Vulnerable 

R – Potentially endangered, Rare 

O – Out of danger 

I – Indeterminate 

K – Insufficiently known 

e) Basic autecological and synecological characteristics of species are given in the text, and Croatian names of 

species are given according to SUŠIĆ & RADOVIĆ (1988), used in Collins pocket guide Birds of Croatia 

and Europe (Heinzel, Fitter, Parslow 1999). 

PODICIPEDIDAE – GREBES 

1. Podiceps ruficollis (Pallas) 

Type of distribution: Old World -R R/- 

LITTLE GREBE stays in the whole marsh area. It nests in thinned communities of reed grass, rush and 

reedmace. In the periods of migration and wintering smaller and bigger flocks of 45-50 individuals stay on 

open water of the lake. They often make mixed flocks with Coot (Fulica atra). 

2. Podiceps nigricollis C. L. Brehm 

Type of distribution: Old World -W R/- 

BLACK-NECKED GREBE was registered on open water of the lake, in the period November – April. It is not 

a frequent bird, flocks of 5-10 specimens (Svitava reservoir) and 22-25 specimens (Škrka Lake) were seen. 

3. Podiceps cristatus (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Old World -R - 

GREAT CRESTED GREBE is a regular and not numerous summer resident at the reed grass margins of 

the lake. In the period of migration and wintering flocks of up to 14 specimens are frequent on open water 

(Deran and Svitava lakes) 

PHALACROCORACIDAE – CORMORANTS 

4. Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Old World -W R/-


Annex III 

Page 53 

Presence of CORMORANT was noticed throughout the year (except May and June) on open water, tree 

stumps and dry trunks’ debris. Flocks with 60 individuals are frequent. Nesting of the species was for the first 

and only time registered on 6 June, 1983, on a dry willow trunk in Svitava reservoir (Obratil, 1984). 

5. Phalacrocorax pygmaeus (Pallas) 

Type of distribution: Sarmatian -R E/V 

PYGMY CORMORANT is a regular nester. 50-60 pairs nest in a mixed colony with herons (Ardeidae) in a 

shrub-like stand of grey willow (Salix cinerea), in an unapproachable reed grass complex of Gornje blato. 

In the period of migration and wintering, smaller and bigger flocks with up to 62 individuals stay regularly on 

open water. This species is potentially endangered. Population census of the species decreases through 

history. 

ARDEIDAE – HERONS 

6. Ixobrychus minutus (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Old World -S V/- 

LITTLE BITTERN stays in the marsh in the period April-August. It nests individually, separate pairs make 

nests in thick reed grasses and willow shrubs at the margins of the lake, canals and gullies. 

7. Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Cosmopolitan -S V/- 

NIGHT HERON was registered in the period April-August. Nesting of 4-5 pairs was established in the mixed 

colony of herons (Ardeidae) and pygmy cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus), within the grey willow (Salix 

cinerea) stand in Gornje blato locality (June-July). 

8. Ardeola ralloides (Scopoli) 

Type of distribution: Ethiopian -S V/- 

Presence of SQUACCO HERON was registered in the marsh for the period April-August. Nesting of 10-12 

pairs was established within the mentioned mixed colony of Pygmy Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus) 

and Herons (Ardeidae). 

Feeding of this heron was regularly noticed in ecosystem of aquatic vegetation, on the leaves of frog-lily 

(Nuphar luteum) and water-lily (Nymphea alba), of Deran Lake, at Bjelina and by the margins of Svitava 

reservoir and conveying canal Svitava – Dračevo. 

9. Egretta alba (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Old World -W - 

GREAT WHITE EGRET comes in September for wintering, and stays in the marsh until April. It is not 

numerous, individual specimens and groups of up to three individuals regularly stay and feed at the margins 

of the marsh, in shallow waters. 

10. Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Old World -S V/V 

LITTLE EGRET has a status of a summer resident. In a mixed colony ca 15-20 pairs of Little Egret nest 

in the ecosystem of humid forests of grey willow (Salix cinerea), within the unapproachable reed grasses 

called Brezine. 

It feeds in the biotope of aquatic vegetation at the margins of the lake, in gullies, and in humid 

meadows of Sjekoška kaseta in the periods of migration and wintering. In this ecosystem staying (resting 

and feeding) of flocks with 120-130 individuals was registered ( 7 April, 2000). 

11. Ardea cinerea Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Palearctic -R - 

GREY HERON is a nesting resident (January-December). In a mixed colony of Herons and Pygmy 

Cormorant, nest 7-10 pairs. It is much more numerous in the period of migration and wintering when 

individual specimens, smaller groups and flocks with up to 40 individuals stay on shallow waters and at 

the margins of thinned reed grasses of the lake. 

12. Ardea purpurea Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Indo-African -S E/- 

The earliest arrival of PURPLE HERON was registered on 6 April, when 13 specimens took off from the 

margin of reed grasses of Lake Deran. The last find was registered on 18 September at the margin of 

reed grass of Svitava reservoir. This heron comes into the category of very endangered species (E). 

THRESKIORNITHIDAE – IBISES AND SPOONBILLS 

13. Platalea leucorodia Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Old World -M E/V 

SPOONBILL is a scarce passage migrant in the period of spring migration. Its stay was registered on 7 

April, when a flock of 18 individuals rested on aquatic oases of humid meadows in Sjekoška kaseta. This 

marsh bird also comes into the category of very endangered species. 

14. Plegadis falcinellus Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Old World -M E/- 

GLOSSY IBIS is a spring passage migrant. Stay of this attractive bird was registered on 7 April, when 

40-50 specimens were staying in the mixed flock with Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa) at the margin 

of aquatic oasis in humid meadow of Sjekoška kaseta. 

CICONIIDAE – STORKS 

15. Ciconia ciconia (Linnaeus)


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Type of distribution: Palearctic -M E/E 

WHITE STORK is a scarce passage migrant in the period of autumn migration. In evening hours on 18 

September one specimen flew from the flooded meadow of Sjekoška kaseta to the building of Svitava 

reservoir dam. 

ANATIDAE – DUCKS 

16. Anser anser (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Palearctic -W Ex/V 

GREYLAG GOOSE is a scarce and not numerous winter visitor of Hutovo blato. Two specimens landed 

on Deran Lake on 19 January. 

As a resident has been extinct in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 

17. Anser albifrons (Scopoli) 

Type of distribution: Arctic -W - 

WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE is more common winter visitor of this area. On 18 January three specimens 

were feeding in humid meadows of Sjekoška kaseta. 

18. Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Holarctic -R - 

MALLARD is the most numerous summer resident. It breeds in the ecosystems of reed grass, rush and 

reedmace. In the periods of migration and wintering population census increases. They usually stay on 

shallow water with aquatic vegetation of open water (lakes Deran and Jelim, Drijen, Bjeline) and in water 

oases within the reed grasses (called PLESA). Size of flocks in September is up to 500 specimens, and 

during wintering up to 600 specimens. 

19. Anas crecca Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Holarctic -W - 

TEAL is a regular and most numerous winter visitor duck (September-March). In December flocks were 

registered with 800-1000 individuals. It is less numerous during migration. 

20. Anas strepera Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Holarctic -W R/- 

GADWALL is a scarce winter visitor of this marsh. It was noticed in October and November, when flocks 

of up to 12 individuals were registered (Svitava reservoir and Lake Škrka). 

21. Anas penelope Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Palearctic -W - 

WIGEON is a common and relatively numerous winter visitor. Smaller flocks (up to 30 specimens) stay 

in migration, and during winter months (January) flocks with 80-100 individuals were noticed in water 

oases of Sjekoška kaseta and Svitava reservoir. 

22. Anas acuta Linnaeus 


PINTAIL is not a common winter visitor. Stays on open water, in pairs and smaller groups. On Lake 

Deran, at the margin of reed grasses Radanovac and Barač Do, two flocks (11 and 38 individuals) were 

noticed beside other ducks. 

23. Anas querquedula Linnaeus 


GARGANEY is not a frequent winter visitor. In the period of migration and wintering stays in the 

ecosystems of open water and in oases of flooded meadows in Sjekoška kaseta (April). Registered 

population census was as follows: January 460-500 specimens, March 300-400, April 280-300, September 

280-300, October 150-160 and November 140-150 specimens. 

24. Anas clypeata Linnaeus 


SHOVELER is a regular winter visitor. Stays on open water and water oases of humid meadows, in 

smaller groups (3-7 individuals) and flocks with 15-26 individuals. 

25. Aythya ferina (Linnaeus) 


POCHARD is a relatively frequent winter visitor (August-April). Common in mixed flocks with other ducks 

and Coot (Fulica atra) on open water of the lake, and in spring in water oases of flooded meadows. 

Population census: January 25-30 specimens, February 70, March-April up to 6, October-November flocks 

up to 60 individuals, and December flocks up to 6 specimens. 

26. Aythya nyroca (Gldenstdt) 

Type of distribution: Turkestan-Mediterranean -R - 

FERRUGINOUS DUCK once was a numerous resident. In the period of nesting individual specimens and 

pairs were registered in the localities of Jelimska rječina, Drijen and Lake Deran. 

It is most common during wintering in January, when flocks with 60-70 and 150-200 individuals were 

registered on Lake Deran, and a flock with 125-150 specimens in oases of flooded meadows in 

Sjekoška kaseta. 

PANDIONIDAE – OSPREYS 

27. Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Cosmopolitan -M Ex/- 

OSPREY, or also known among people as Fisher Eagle, was noticed in the marsh during spring 

migration (March and April) and autumn migration (September and October). Stays on dry tree trunks by


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the banks of the Krupa river and Jelim gully. Feeds on open water of the lake. On 17 and 18 October 

its circling and diving into Svitava reservoir was observed. 

ACCIPITRIDAE – KITES, BUZZARDS ETC. 

28. Milvus korschun (Gmelin) 

Type of distribution: Old World -V V/V 

During bird watching in Drijen on 15 August, BLACK KITE was noticed flying from the nearby area 

towards the reed. This was the second find of this bird in Hutovo blato, the first was in January 1896 

(Reiser, 1939). 

This find can be considered as an element of vagrancy, probably from the nest area in humid forests of 

Posavina. 

29. Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus) 


GOSHAWK is a winter visitor of rocky ecosystems with degraded forest vegetation, humid meadows and 

meliorated cultivated areas of Sjekoška and Višićka kaseta. 

This bird’s of prey hunt for Little Grebe (Podiceps ruficollis) was noticed in Drijen on 19 September. 

30. Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus) 


Presence of SPARROWHAWK was registered throughout the year. In the periods of migration and 

wintering is more frequent and most numerous in ecosystems at the margins of the lake and canals, 

with humid forests of willow and poplar, in meliorated cultivated areas with hedges and shrubs with reed 

grass by the regulatory canals. Remnants of prey were found: Hoopoe (Upupa epops), Kingfisher (Alcedo 

atthis), Blackbird (Turdus merula) and other. 

31. Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan) 

Type of distribution: Arctic -W - 

ROUGH-LEGGED BUZZARD is a regular winter visitor. As by a rule, individual specimens can be noticed 

on isolated trees, as well as their low flight over humid meadows and cultivated areas of Sjekoška and 

Višićka kaseta. 

32. Buteo buteo (Linnaeus) 


BUZZARD is a regular and commoner winter visitor than Rough-legged Buzzard is. It was registered in 

the period October-April, in the same ecosystems as Rough-legged Buzzard. It can also be seen above 

ecosystems of pubescent oak and oriental hornbeam forests from the marsh surrounding. 

33. Aquila clanga Pallas 

Type of distribution: Palearctic -W Ex?/V 

SPOTTED EAGLE is a scarce visitor of Hutovo blato marsh in recent times. Its presence was registered 

on 14 November, when one specimen of this eagle took off from Bjeline. 

34. Aquila pomarina C. L. Brehm 

Type of distribution: Palearctic -W Ex?/V 

LESSER SPOTTED EAGLE is a scarce bird in this marsh. Its stay was noticed in January and 

November, when flying over Deran Lake. 

35. Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Holarctic -R R/V 

GOLDEN EAGLE once nested in the surroundings of Hutovo blato. Presence of this eagle was 

registered on three occasions ( 4 and 20 April and 18 July), when flight from the rock cliffs above 

Bajovci to the margin of the marsh was noticed, and a flight above rocky grounds between Svitava and 

Dračevo. 

36. Circaetus gallicus (Gmelin) 

Type of distribution: Indo-African -R V/V 

After a longer period of absence, presence of SHORT-TOED EAGLE was noticed again. One specimen 

of this eagle was noticed on 17 June, in its usual flight over the ecosystem of thinned pubescent oak 

and oriental hornbeam forest on Ostrovo cliff rocks. 

37. Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus) 


HEN HARRIER is a regular winter visitor of the marsh in the period October-April. It is most frequent 

above the ecosystems of meliorated cultivated areas, humid meadows and dykes, when individual 

specimens can be seen in low flight. 

38. Circus macrourus (Gmelin) 

Type of distribution: Turkestanean -M - 

PALLID HARRIER is a scarce passage migrant in the period of spring migration. In March and April low 

flights of individual specimens were noticed above humid meadows of Sjekoška kaseta, freshly ploughed 

cultivated areas of Višićka kaseta, and shrubs of burnt reed grass by the Krupa bank. 

39. Circus pygargus (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Euro-Turkestanean -M Ex/V 

MONTAGU’S HARRIER is a new migrant. Its presence was noticed in autumn migration on 13 

November, above a meadow with weed in Sjekoška kaseta. 

40. Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus)


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Type of distribution: Palearctic -R V/- 

MARSH HARRIER is a regular and common nesting resident in the ecosystem of reed grass, rush and 

reedmace in Gornje blato. During daytime constant flight over reed grasses and margins is evident, and 

also periodical diving in (on 12 December it made 6 specimens of Snipe Gallinago gallinago to take off 

from Deran Lake). 

FALCONIDAE – FALCONS 

41. Falco biarmicus Temminck 

Type of distribution: Ethiopian -R? E/V 

LANNER FALCON is a scarce resident of the marsh (Obratil, 1971). During researches, its stay was 

registered by the Krupa river (February), and in August it took off from a dyke by the conveying canal 

Svitava-Dračevo. On the dyke fresh feathers of Coot (Fulica atra) were found. 

42. Falco peregrinus Tunstall 

Type of distribution: Cosmopolitan -W V/Ex 

PEREGRINE is a winter visitor in this area. It is commonest in January and February, when comes from 

surrounding rocks and cliffs for hunt. An attempt of hunt for Coot (Fulica atra) was observed when a 

flock took off from the surface of Svitava reservoir. One find was in March, when hunt for Rock Partridge 

(Alectoris graeca) was observed at the foot of Black Hill (Škrke cove). 

43. Falco subbuteo Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Palearctic -M - 

HOBBY stays in the marsh area in the period of spring (April) and autumn (September) migration. Hunt 

for insects in the air was watched at the margin of Deran Lake (Londža-Drijen), as well as a hunt for 

Swallow (Hirundo rustica) above the meliorated cultivated area of Višićka kaseta. 

44. Falco columbarius Linnaeus 


MERLIN is a winter visitor. It was registered in the marsh on 11 March, on a willow tree, on the Krupa 

river bank. 

45. Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Old World -W - 

There has not been any confirmation on nesting of KESTREL in the area of marsh and surroundings 

yet. Existing finds from the period September-March show that this species has a status of winter visitor. 

PHASIANIDAE – PHEASANTS 

46. Alectoris graeca (Meisner) 

Type of distribution: Turkestan-Mediterranean -R V/Ex 

ROCK PARTRIDGE once was a regular and common resident of grassy rocks in Škrke cove (Black Hill 

and Kučevo crest). It was noticed on 13 March, when two specimens were chased by Peregrine (Falco 

peregrinus), and landed on the path between rocks and marsh at the foot of Black Hill. This bird’s voice 

was recorded on 21 March. 

47. Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Old World -S I/- 

QUAIL is a summer resident. It is an inhabitant of grasslands – meadows and anthropogenous 

ecosystems of meliorated cultivated areas of Sjekoška and Višićka kaseta. The bird was registered in the 

period April-August. 

48. Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: unknown - - 

PHEASANT is a colonized species. Its stays in the marsh ecosystems were established for the period 

April-October. When water level is low, it stays in reed grasses and shrub-like willow groves. When water 

level in the marsh is high, bird stays in the meadow habitat with weed dominance (Sjekoška kaseta). 

GRUIDAE – CRANES 

49. Grus grus (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Palearctic -M Ex/V 

CRANE is a passage migrant, stays in spring migration, in the period February-April. Migration is most 

intensive in March. Flocks of up to 350 individuals rest and feed on cultivated areas of Višićka kaseta 

and burnt reed grasses on the Krupa river banks. 

RALLIDAE – RAILS, COOTS ETC. 

50. Rallus aquaticus Linnaeus 


WATER RAIL is a resident nester in the whole marsh area. Breeds in thick reeds with willow shrubs, 

where can hardly be noticed. It is common at the margins of Škrke Lake coves. 

Characteristic voice of the bird is most easily heard in the period October-December, when the 

population size increases during migration and wintering. 

51. Porzana porzana Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: European -M V/V 

SPOTTED CRAKE was registered in autumn migration, on 17 October. Feeds on leaves of floating 

aquatic vegetation at the margins of reeds. 

52. Porzana parva (Scopoli)


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Type of distribution: Palearctic -M V/V 

LITTLE CRAKE is a passage migrant. Stays were registered in the periods of spring and autumn 

migration (6 April and 15 November), on floating aquatic vegetation of the reed margins (Jelim gully). 

53. Porzana pusilla (Pallas) 

Type of distribution: Old World -R V/V 

BAILLON’S CRAKE is not a common resident. Nesting and staying was noticed at the margin of the 

reed on 15 August (Jalim and Drijen Rječina). 

54. Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Cosmopolitan -R - 

MOORHEN is a regular and common nesting resident of the ecosystems of reed grass, rush and 

reedmace with shrub-like willows, at the margins of the lake, gullies, canals and banks of the Krupa river. 

55. Fulica atra Linnaeus 


COOT is a regular nesting resident of reeds. It is not numerous in the period of nesting. Stays at the 

reed margins and on water of the lake and canals. Those are usually individual specimens, pairs and 

groups of 2-5 specimens, withdrawing to the thick reeds, where their nests are, when predators or men 

appear. 

In the periods of migration and wintering population census considerably increases. Greatest abundance 

was registered in October and December in Svitava reservoir (ca 7-8000 specimens). 

CHARADRIIDAE – PLOVERS, LAPWINGS 

56. Vanellus vanellus (Linnaeus) 


LAPWING is a winter visitor, once very abundant in humid meadows of Hutovo blato. During research (in 

2000) stays were registered in the period October-March, in meliorated cultivated areas of Višićka kaseta, 

and in fragments of once extent humid meadows of Donje blato. 

Greatest abundance was registered in November (ca 250-320 specimens) and December (ca 700-800 

specimens). 

57. Calidris alpina (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Arctic -M - 

DUNLIN is a spring passage migrant. In the mixed flock with Shanks (Tringa sp.) 30-31 specimens were 

feeding in shallow water oases of humid meadows in Sjekoška kaseta. 

58. Tringa erythropus (Pallas) 

Type of distribution: Siberian -M - 

SPOTTED REDSHANK was noticed in spring migration in passage flight. 10 specimens were feeding at 

aquatic vegetation of Svitava reservoir, on 14 March, and a flock of 25-30 specimens was noticed in a 

low flight above water. 

59. Tringa totanus (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Palearctic -M R/E 

Presence of REDSHANK was registered in the ecosystem of open water of Deran and Svitava lakes, in 

the period May-September. It is not numerous and feeds at floating aquatic vegetation, on the leaves of 

water-lily and frog-lily (Nymphea alba and Nuphar luteum). 

60. Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus) 

Type of distribution: Siberian -M-W - 

GREEN SHANK stays in the marsh in the period February-October. Feeds at drifting vegetation and 

humid meadows of shallow water oases. During migration in May passage flights of numerous flocks with 

20-70 specimens were noticed, from Svitava reservoir to Gornje blato. 

61. Tringa ochropus Linnaeus 


GREEN SANDPIPER was noticed during migration in a mixed flock with Wood Sandpiper (Tringa 

glareola) on a humid meadow. Individual specimens were noticed in July and August on Deran Lake, 

and in passage flight over cultivated areas, which is probably a vagrant element, or early migration. 

62. Tringa glareola Linnaeus 


WOOD SANDPIPER is a passage migrant of this marsh. It is most numerous in the period of spring 

migration. Smaller flocks (up to 25-27 specimens) with other pond and marsh birds are frequent in April, 

on water oases of the humid meadow ecosystems in Sjekoška kaseta, and in meliorated cultivated areas 

of Višićka kaseta. Presence is lesser during autumn migration. 

63. Tringa hypoleucos Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Holarctic -M - 

COMMON SANDPIPER is a passage migrant, stays were registered in the period April-September. Its 

presence in July and August is an element of vagrancy. 

64. Limosa limosa (Linnaeus) 


BLACK-TAILED GODWIT is a passage migrant in spring migration. Presence of this species was 

registered on 4 and 7 April, in water oases of flooded meadows in Sjekoška kaseta. 35-40 Black-tailed


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Godwits were in a mixed flock with Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) and Wood Sandpiper (Tringa 

glareola). 

65. Gallinago gallinago (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Holarctic - W - 

SNIPE is a regular winter visitor of this marsh. First arrivals were registered in September, with stay in 

the marsh until April. Greatest population size was in November (120 specimens) and December (150- 

200). They feed and rest at deposits of aquatic vegetation in shallower zones of the lake and canals. 

Especially frequent and numerous on Deran Lake. 

66. Gallinago media (Latham) 


GREAT SNIPE is a scarce guest during winter migration. Stay was registered on 22 November, on 

meadows of Višićka kaseta (2 and 1 specimens). 

LARIDAE-GULLS, TERNS 

67. Larus minutus Pallas 


At the margin of Svitava reservoir by the settlement of Svitave two specimens of LITTLE GULL were 

registered in passage flight. 

68. Larus ridibundus Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Palearctic -W V/- 

BLACK-HEADED GULL is a winter visitor of this area. Stay was registered in the period September- 

March. Greatest abundance was registered in October, on humid meadows of Sjekoška kaseta 300-350 

specimens, and 200-250 above the surface of Svitava reservoir. 

Presence of this gull in summer months is an element of vagrancy. 

69. Larus argentatus Pontoppidan 

Type of distribution: Palearctic -A - 

HERRING GULL is more or less present throughout a year, in almost all ecosystems of the marsh and 

surroundings. It doesn’t breed in Hutovo blato, but feeds here, as the Adriatic Sea is near. Vagrancy is 

characteristic for the species. 

In humid meadows of Sjekoška kaseta and in water oases formed there, flocks of 500-600 specimens 

are frequent (April, September, October). 

This gull species is common and frequent in meliorated and cultivated areas of Višićka kaseta, especially 

after ploughing : 220-250 specimens (May), 300-400 (October), 700-800 (November). 

Disturbed flocks and parts of flocks periodically go to Svitava reservoir. 

70. Larus canus Linnaeus 


COMMON GULL is a scarce visitor of this marsh. Commonly breeds in north Europe. Two specimens 

were noticed on 11 March on Deran Lake. 

71. Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Holarctic -M Ex/V 

BLACK TERN was registered in passage flight and resting on Deran Lake (14 May) and Svitava 

reservoir (19 July). 

72. Chlidonias leucopterus (Temminck) 


WHITE-WINGED BLACK TERN is a passage migrant. On 14 May 10 specimens were noticed on Deran 

Lake, and 2 on Svitava reservoir on 15 May. 

73. Chlidonias hybrida (Pallas) 

Type of distribution: Old World -A V/V 

Stay of WHISKERED TERN was registered in the period May-July, above and within ecosystems of 

aquatic vegetation of Svitavska kaseta. The time of presence and behaviour of 7-8 specimens showed a 

possibility of nesting. Locality was thoroughly observed and visited by boat, and it was established that 

nesting was not in case. Stays of the bird are an element of vagrancy. 

74. Sterna hirundo Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Holarctic -M V/V 

Above water of Svitava reservoir, where other terns were also noticed, presence of two specimens of 

COMMON TERN was noticed in May. 

COLUMBIDAE-PIGEONS, DOVES 

75. Columba palumbus Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Euro-Turkestanean -W - 

WOODPIGEON is a regular and once numerous winter visitor of Hutovo blato marsh. During 2000 

research stays of this pigeon were registered in the period September-December, in ecosystems of 

meliorated cultivated areas of Višićka kaseta, and on trees of humid willow and poplar forests on the 

river Krupa banks (flocks: 9, 40-60, 50 and 30 specimens). 

76. Columba livia Gmelin 


ROCK DOVE feeds in flocks (20-25, 17-20, 7-8, 60-80, 80-100 specimens) on meliorated cultivated 

ecosystems of Višićka kaseta and cultivated plots of Ostrovo crest. Presence of this pigeon was 

registered in the period September-November. Mentioned populations probably belong to nesting residents 

of cliffs and caves of the marsh surroundings.


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77. Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldszky) 

Type of distribution: Indo-African -R - 

Populations of COLLARED DOVE which nest near inhabited places in the marsh surroundings, are 

staying in autumn months, October and November, by the farm-buildings of the Cow Farm at the margin 

of cultivated area of Višićka kaseta. Presence of flocks with 10-29 specimens was registered. 

78. Streptopelia turtur (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Euro-Turkestanean -S I/- 

TURTLE DOVE is a nester in the ecosystem of humid willow and poplar forests on the river Krupa 

banks. Stay of the bird was registered in the period May-September. Feeds at cultivated and grass areas 

of Višićka kaseta and a dyke near the river Krupa, and by conveying canal Svitava-Dračevo (individual 

specimens, pairs and flocks up to nine individuals). 

CUCULIDAE-CUCKOOS 

79. Cuculus canorus Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Palearctic -S - 

CUCKOO inhabits forest, cultivated and meadow habitats. Lays eggs into songbirds’ nests. In the marsh 

those are usually Warblers’ nests (Acrocephalus spec.). Stays in Hutovo blato in the period April-August. 

STRIGIDAE-OWLS 

80. Bubo bubo (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Palearctic -W R/V 

EAGLE OWL is a nester of Hutovo blato surrounding, and stays in the marsh during wintering. Stay was 

noticed on dry willows on the Krupa river bank in November and December. 

APODIDAE-SWIFTS 

81. Apus apus (Linnaeus) 


SWIFT stays above the marsh (April-June) for feeding on insects. This bird is a nesting migrant in 

Hutovo blato surroundings. 

82. Apus melba (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Indo-African -S R/- 

ALPINE SWIFT is a nesting migrant on cliffs of the wider surroundings of Hutovo blato. Smaller and 

bigger flocks (35-40 specimens) hunt for insects in the air, or dive in roaring flight towards the lake 

water. Their presence in the marsh was registered in the period May-September. 

ALCEDINIDAE-KINGFISHERS 

83. Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Old World -R V/- 

KINGFISHER is a regular, but not numerous nester on the banks of the Krupa and canals. In the period 

of migration and wintering individual specimens are common, rarely 2-3, flying by the lake margin, gullies, 

canals and river banks. 

MEROPIDAE-BEE-EATERS 

84. Merops apiaster Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Turkestan-Mediterranean -S E/V 

BEE-EATER is a new nesting migrant in Hutovo blato, registered for the first time in July 2000. On 

earthen walls of newly dug canals for hydro-regulation, within the anthropogenous ecosystems of the 

Zgoni Nursery in Višićka kaseta, 70 active nests were registered. Members of the colony were extremely 

active in gathering food (insects) for juveniles and immatures above all ecosystems of the marsh and 

surroundings. Stays of Bee-eaters were registered in the period May-July, and assembled colony with 

250-300 specimens was noticed for the last time before migration on 28 and 29 August, on dry willow 

trees on the river Krupa bank. 

UPUPIDAE-HOOPOES 

85. Upupa epops Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Old World -S E/- 

HOOPOE is a regular but not numerous summer resident of the willow and poplar forest ecosystem. 

Feeds in open areas of humid meadows, cultivated areas and rocky grounds of immediate marsh 

surroundings. Presence of this attractive bird was registered in the period March-August. 

PICIDAE-WOODPECKERS 

86. Jynx torquilla Linnaeus 


WRYNECK is not numerous, but a regular summer resident of old willow and poplar trees in open areas 

within the marsh and its margins. Characteristic voice of the bird was registered in the period April-July. 

87. Picus viridis Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: European -R - 

GREEN WOODPECKER is a resident of wider surroundings of the marsh. Its stay in the marsh was 

registered in the period January-December. It was noticed on poplar trees at the margin of humid 

meadow in Londža (January and March), degraded forest with dominance of Paliurus spec. and 

Juniperus oxycedrus in Londža (March), on willow trees on the Krupa bank (July), and poplar trees from 

the margin of cultivated areas in Sjekoška kaseta (December). 

88. Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Palearctic -W -


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The most numerous finds of GREAT SPOTTED WOODPECKER in the marsh were in the period of 

wintering (October-January). Stays on willow and poplar trees on the Krupa banks, dry trunk at the 

margin of Sjekoška kaseta, willow trees by the Svitava-Dračevo canal, margin of humid meadow in 

Londža, and on the cypress tree top in Karaotok. 

89. Dendrocopos medius (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: European -W V/- 

MIDDLE SPOTTED WOODPECKER is a very rare visitor of this marsh. It was noticed on 14 November, 

on the top of dry willow tree on the Krupa bank, what makes the second find so far. 

HIRUNDINIDAE-SWALLOWS 

90. Riparia riparia (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Holarctic -M R/I 

Presence of SAND MARTIN was registered in the period April-September above ecosystems of open 

water, humid meadows and cultivated areas. Greatest abundance was noticed in the period of migration 

(April, August and September), and then was regularly in mixed flocks with other swallows (Hirundo 

rustica and Delichon urbica). 

In Svitavska kaseta near the dam, on 19 July, presence of two specimens of Sand Martin was noticed. 

Those were probably members of the colony which nests near Hutovo blato. Before regulation of the 

Neretva banks, Sand Martin nested in colonies in the area Čapljina-Gabela-Metković. 

91. Hirundo rustica Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Holarctic -S - 

SWALLOW is a summer resident of inhabited settlements in the marsh surroundings, and its presence 

was registered in the period April-September. Population census is especially prominent in the period of 

migration (April, September and October), when European populations fly over this area. Then is regularly 

in mixed flocks of swallows, above all marsh ecosystems, for feeding on insects. Spending the night in 

ecosystems of reed grass, rush and reedmace was registered. 

92. Hirundo daurica Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Indo-African -M(S?) R 

RED-RUMPED SWALLOW once nested in immediate surroundings of Hutovo blato (Obratil, 1976 and 

1982). 

During 2000 research only one specimen was noticed in the mixed flock of swallows, on 18 April. Later 

examination of former nesting places didn’t confirm nesting. 

Absence of nesting is most probably the consequence of nest destruction made by cattlemen. 

93. Delichon urbica (Linnaeus) 


HOUSE MARTIN is a summer resident in the surrounding area. Its stay for feeding above the marsh 

ecosystem was noticed in the period April-September. 

Population census is most prominent in the period of migration of European populations (April and 

September). 

ALAUDIDAE-LARKS 

94. Eremophila alpestris (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Holarctic -W E/- 

The first find of SHORE LARK’S stay in Hutovo blato was on 18 January. In dusk with cold wind, flock 

with 10-12 specimens stayed on sandy-grassy part of dyke near Svitava reservoir dam. It is necessary 

to stress that this species is the glacial relict and that it nests in limited number of localities in Bosnia 

and Herzegovina, in alpine pastures above 2000 m altitude. 

95. Galerida cristata (Linnaeus) 


CRESTED LARK is a resident. It is not frequent, stays in meliorated cultivated areas of Višićka kaseta. 

Two specimens were registered at the margin of humid meadows and by the dyke of Sjekoška kaseta. 

Registered in July and October. 

96. Lullula arborea (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: European -W - 

WOODLARK is a winter visitor. Flock with 13-15 specimens was determined on 19 February on a tree 

in the orchard within the ecosystem of meliorated cultivated area in Sjekoška kaseta. 

97. Alauda arvensis Linnaeus 


Presence of SKYLARK for nesting was not established with certainty. Stay of this regular summer 

resident was registered in ecosystems of humid meadows and meliorated cultivated areas in the period 

February-December. Highest presence was registered in February (flocks with up to 30 specimens), 

October (flocks up to 13 specimens) and November (up to 17 specimens). 

MOTACILLIDAE-WAGTAILS AND PIPITS 

98. Anthus pratensis (Linnaeus) 


MEADOW PIPIT is a regular and numerous winter visitor from October to March. In the period of 

migration flocks with up to 100 specimens stay in the ecosystem of humid meadows in Sjekoška kaseta. 

During winter months population census of this pipit is somewhat lower. 

Presence of Meadow Pipit is lower in anthropogenous ecosystems of meliorated cultivated habitats. 

99. Anthus spinoletta (Linnaeus)


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WATER PIPIT is a regular winter visitor of this marsh. It is frequent and numerous in habitats of humid 

meadows, water margins of Svitava reservoir, Škrka lake, Deran lake and canals. It was also noticed in 

cultivated areas of Višićka kaseta. More numerous in migration (March, flocks 70-100 specimens), less 

numerous in winter months (January, 4-10 specimens) 

100. Motacilla flava (Linnaeus) 


YELLOW WAGTAIL is a regular and numerous summer resident of humid meadows, present today in 

Sjekoška kaseta and Londža. Presence of this wagtail in the period of migration was also noticed in 

anthropogenous meliorated cultivated areas in Višićka kaseta (ploughed fields and grasslands). 

Yellow Wagtail is present in the marsh from April to October. 

101. Motacilla cinerea Tunstall 


GREY WAGTAIL is a winter visitor. Individual specimens and rarely pairs stay at the margins of the 

lake, canals (Svitava-Dračevo), gullies (Londža), and the river Krupa banks. This wagtail stays in the 

marsh from September to February. 

102. Motacilla alba Linnaeus 


Presence of PIED WAGTAIL was registered in the period August-March. This wagtail has a status of 

winter visitor. Stays and feeds at canals’ dykes, humid meadows, pebble-earthen margins of Svitavska 

kaseta. It is very frequent and numerous in meliorated cultivated areas of Višićka kaseta. In the period of 

migration in November, numerous flocks with up to 50-70 specimens were registered. During wintering in 

February, on muddy and sandy road stayed flocks with up to 40 specimens, and on freshly dug earth 

flock with 70-100 specimens. 

LANIIDAE-SHRIKES 

103. Lanius collurio Linnaeus 


RED-BACKED SHRIKE stays in Blato in the period from May to September. Nests in shrub-like stands 

at the margin and within ecosystems of humid meadows, cultivated areas and rocky grounds, where 

feeds on insects. 

104. Lanius senator Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Mediterranean -S R/- 

WOODCHAT SHRIKE is a rare Mediterranean species. Nests in degraded forest ecosystems of 

pubescent oak and oriental hornbeam (Quercus pubescens and Carpinus orientalis), on Kučevo crest and 

at the margin of Black Hill in Škrke cove. 

105. Lanius minor Gmelin 

Type of distribution: Euro-Turkestanean -S - 

LESSER GREY SHRIKE is a summer resident of humid forests on the banks of the river Krupa and 

Svitava-Dračevo canal. 

Feeds on insects in humid meadows, grassy dykes and meliorated anthropogenous systems of Sjekoška 

and Višićka Kaseta. In the period May-July individual specimens were registered. 

106. Lanius excubitor Linnaeus 


GREAT GREY SHRIKE is a winter visitor and stays in the marsh from October to January. Most 

frequent is in December, when individual specimens stay on willow and poplar trees on the Krupa banks 

and solitary willow trees within the reeds (Škrke cove), and in meliorated cultivated areas in Sjekoška 

and Višićka kaseta. 

ORIOLIDAE-ORIOLES 

107. Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Old World -S - 

GOLDEN ORIOLE is a summer resident in the willow forests of the marsh, and preserved oak forests 

on Ostrovo crest and marsh surroundings (Svitava-Sjekose-Dračevo). During 2000 research its presence 

was registered in the period May-August. 

STURNIDAE-STARLINGS 

108. Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus 


STARLING is a winter visitor and its presence was registered in the period August-April. Feeds in flocks 

in meliorated areas and humid meadows. Highest census was registered on 14 October in humid 

meadows of Sjekoška kaseta (800-900 specimens). Night spends in larger complexes of reed ecosystem 

in Škrke cove and Svitava reservoir. 

CORVIDAE-CROWS 

109. Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus) 


JAY is a resident of the marsh surroundings. In marsh ecosystems stay in humid forests of willow, poplar 

and ash, on the Krupa banks. Also stays in degraded forests of pubescent oak and oriental hornbeam 

(Quercus pubescens and Carpinus orientalis), and Phillyrea media stands of Londža-Čore-Drijen area. 

110. Pica pica Linnaeus


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MAGPIE is a resident. Nests in forest stands of the marsh margin, and on solitary or grouped trees 

within the ecosystem of humid meadows, meliorated areas, reeds (Škrke cove) and inhabited settlements. 

111. Coloeus monedula (Linnaeus) 


JACKDAW is present throughout a year in the marsh ecosystems. Especially numerous in the periods of 

migration and wintering, when flocks with 600-650 individuals stay in ecosystems of meliorated agricultural 

and humid meadows of Višićka and Sjekoška kaseta. Together with this bird, feed also flocks of Blackheaded 

Gull (Larus ridibundus), Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) and Hooded 

Crow (Corvus cornix). 

Stays of Jackdaw flocks were also noticed around farm-buildings of the Cow Farm in Višićka kaseta. 

Population census in the nesting period is evidently lower. In July four big sheep flocks were grazing on 

dried flooded meadows of Sjekoška kaseta, and beside them a flock with 170-200 Jackdaws fed also. 18 

sheep had Jackdaws on their backs, searching through wool, probably gathering ticks. 

112. Corvus cornix Linnaeus 


HOODED CROW is a resident of humid willow, poplar and ash forests at the marsh margin and the 

river Krupa banks, and in the ecosystem of pubescent oak and oriental hornbeam forest in Hutovo blato 

surroundings. 

Greatest abundance was registered during autumn migration and wintering, when pure and mixed flocks 

of Hooded Crow, with 150-300 and 600-650 specimens, fed in humid meadows and meliorated cultivated 

areas (January and February, September and October). 

113. Corvus corax Linnaeus 


RAVEN nests on the cliffs of the marsh surroundings. During 2000 research its presence was registered 

in the period January-April. Those were individual specimens or pairs who searched through the area for 

feeding, with characteristic calls. 

CINCLIDAE-DIPPERS 

114. Cinclus cinclus (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Paleomontane -A - 

DIPPER is a resident of quick and clear mountain running waters. Its presence in the marsh was 

registered for the first time on 10 May 2000. One specimen was noticed at the beginning of Gornje 

blato, with pebbled bed and clear water, which represents a micro-habitat of this bird in ecological 

sense. 

This find shows an occurrence of vagrancy! 

TROGLODYTIDAE-WRENS 

115. Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus) 


WREN is a regular and numerous winter visitor of the marsh (September-March). Almost as a rule, 

individual specimens are frequent at the margins of reeds with shrub-like willows in gullies, on the river 

Krupa and canals’ banks, in humid meadows with presence of weed, and in cultivated areas of 

meliorated parts of Blato. Groups of Wrens with 3-5 specimens were registered for the first time in 

weeds on the dyke of conveying canal Svitava-Dračevo (18 January) and on 20 January in the gully 

Londže. 

PRUNELLIDAE-ACCENTORS 

116. Prunella modularis (Linnaeus) 


DUNNOCK is a nester of sub-alpine and alpine belt of our mountains. In the marsh is a rare winter 

visitor. Its presence was registered in November and February in degraded forest of pubescent oak and 

oriental hornbeam (Kučevo crest), and in shrub-like stands in cultivated areas of meliorated parts of 

Sjekoška kaseta. Those were individual specimens and pairs. 

MUSCICAPIDEA-FLYCATCHERS 

117. Cettia cetti (Temminck) 


CETTI’S WARBLER is a regular and frequent resident. Stays at margins of reed ecosystem and scrubs of 

the lake, gullies, canals and river banks. Also stays in thickets of canals for hydro-regulation in meliorated 

ecosystems. Individual birds are always present, more rarely pairs, setting a tone to the marsh with their 

song and voices. 

118. Locustella naevia (Boddaert) 

Type of distribution: Euro-Turkestanean -M - 

GRASSHOPPER WARBLER is a scarce passage migrant. Stay in autumn migration was registered, in 

October and November, on a grassy dyke with lots of weed (Svitava-Sjekosa). 

119. Lusciniola melanopogon (Temminck) 

Type of distribution: Turkestan-Mediterranean -W - 

MOUSTACHED WARBLER is a regular, but not numerous winter visitor of the marsh. Its stay at the 

margins of reeds was registered in the period November-February. 

120. Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Euro-Turkestanean -M -


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SEDGE WARBLER was registered at the margins of reeds and willow shrubs by lakes, canals and 

dykes. Its presence during migration was registered in October and November. Also, a find of one 

specimen was registered in December. 

121. Acrocephalus scirpaceus (Hermann) 


REED WARBLER is a summer resident. Breeds in high reed within reeds, in the period May-July. 

Note: relatively low abundance of this warbler is conditioned by burning of reeds in almost 85% of the 

area in January and February 2000. 

122. Acrocephalus arundinaceus (Linnaeus) 


GREAT REED WARBLER is a numerous summer resident in all ecosystems of reed grass, rush and 

reedmace. It is prominent with its song at the margins of reed (April-August). 

123. Hippolais pallida (Hemprich & Ehrenberg) 

Type of distribution: Mediterranean -S - 

OLIVACEOUS WARBLER is a scarce summer resident of scrub (June-September) at the marsh margin, 

Škrke cove (Black Hill foot and Kučevo crest) and banks of the conveying canal (Svitava-Sjekoška 

kaseta). 

124. Sylvia hortensis (Gmelin) 

Type of distribution: Mediterranean -S V/- 

ORPHEAN WARBLER is not a numerous summer resident of scrubs at the marsh margin, Black Hill foot 

and Kučevo crest in Škrke cove. Comes in April for breeding, and in August leaves the marsh. 

125. Sylvia atricapilla (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: European -S - 

BLACKCAP has recently been noticed in nesting (May and July). Inhabits shrubs of hedges in cultivated 

marsh habitats, which were meliorated, scrubs on the Krupa and conveying canal Svitava-Dračevo banks. 

It is present from April to October in the marsh. More numerous in the period of migration, smaller flocks 

(4-7 individuals) can be noticed on willows of the canal (Svitava-Dračevo). 

126. Sylvia communis (Latham) 


WHITETHROAT stays for breeding from April to September. This warbler can be found on willow trees 

on the Krupa and conveying canal Svitava-Dračevo banks, hydro-regulation canals of Sjekoška and 

Višićka kaseta, and in degraded forest ecosystems of pubescent oak and oriental hornbeam in the marsh 

surroundings. 

127. Sylvia curruca (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Euro-Turkestanean -M - 

LESSER WHITETHROAT is a scarce passage migrant. One specimen was registered on 12 May in a 

thorn stand (Paliurus aculeatus), on rocky grounds of Kučevo crest. 

128. Sylvia melanocephala (Gmelin) 

Type of distribution: Turkestan-Mediterranean -S - 

SARDINIAN WARBLER is a summer resident of more recent date (April and May). Its presence was 

registered in Phillyrea media ecosystems at the margin of Black Hill, and in degraded forests of 

pubescent oak and oriental hornbeam, on the track of former railway above Donje blato (Dračevo- 

Sjekose). 

129. Sylvia cantillans (Pallas) 


SUBALPINE WARBLER is a common summer resident in the marsh neighbouring area. Inhabits 

degraded forests of pubescent oak and oriental hornbeam with presence of thorn (Paliurus aculeatus), 

and Phillyrea media stands. Present from April to August. 

130. Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus) 


WILLOW WARBLER is a passage migrant. Its stay was registered in autumn migration (September and 

October) in Phillyrea media stands on Black Hill, and in willow groves and shrubs of conveying canal 

Svitava- Dračevo. 

131. Phylloscopus collybita (Vieillot) 


CHIFFCHAFF is a regular and common winter visitor (October-April). Stays in various habitats: humid 

forests by the banks of the Krupa river, canals and dykes, as well as in degraded forests on rocky 

grounds, on grassy areas of dykes and at the reed margins. 

132. Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Bechstein) 

Type of distribution: European -M - 

WOOD WARBLER is a passage migrant. Stay noticed during autumn migration (15 October) at the 

margin of Phillyrea media stand in Škrke cove (Black Hill). 

133. Saxicola rubetra (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: European -M - 

WHINCHAT was noticed during autumn passage flight in November and December. Stay registered in 

high weeds by canals of cultivated areas in Višićka kaseta. 

134. Saxicola torquata (Linnaeus)


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STONECHAT was registered in a flight over brambles (Rubus spec.) (December) and hedges of 

agricultural areas of Višićka kaseta, and in thorn bushes (Paliurus spec.) of rocky grounds on Kučevo 

crest. 

135. Oenanthe hispanica (Linnaeus) 


BLACK-EARED WHEATEAR is a summer resident of rocky grounds with very degraded forest and shrub 

vegetation, with the dominance of thorn (Paliurus aculeatus) and red juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus). 

Registered on Kučevo crest and Black Hill in the period April-August. 

136. Phoenicurus ochruros (Gmelin) 

Type of distribution: Paleoxeromontane -W - 

BLACK REDSTART is a rare winter visitor. Its presence was registered in the nearby rocky grounds in 

January and December. 

137. Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus) 


ROBIN is a regular and numerous winter visitor. First specimens were registered in October, and stays 

until April. It is usually present in shrub-like thickets of hedges by cultivated areas, at the margins of the 

lake, canals and the Krupa banks, sticks to shrub-like willow trees and reed margins. Present also in 

shrubs of nearby rocky grounds and Phillyrea media stands on the left bank of Škrka cove and at the 

line Londža-Drijen-Jelim. 

138. Luscinia megarhynchos C. L. Brehm 

Type of distribution: European -S - 

NIGHTINGALE is a summer resident, present in Hutovo blato from April to August. Inhabits shrub and 

scrub stands at the marsh margins, the Krupa banks, conveying canals and hedges of the cultivated 

areas in meliorated parts of Blato. 

139. Turdus pilaris Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Siberian -W - 

FIELDFARE is a winter visitor in the period February-March. Stays in smaller or bigger flocks (120-150 

specimens) in humid meadows of Londža and Sjekoška kaseta, on dry willow trees on the Krupa banks, 

and in meliorated cultivated areas of Višićka and Sjekoška kaseta. 

140. Turdus merula Linnaeus 


BLACKBIRD has recently gained the status of a summer resident. It had the status of a common and 

numerous winter visitor before. Not frequent and numerous in the nesting period (April-July). Individual 

specimens and their voices noticed in ecosystems of degraded and preserved forests of pubescent oak 

and oriental hornbeam (Querceto pubescentis-Carpinetum orientalis) above the marsh margin on the line 

Svitava-Dračevo and Ostrovo crest, which divides the marsh in Donje and Gornje blato. Several 

specimens were registered in Phillyrea media stand on the line Londža-Drijen. 

In the periods of migration and wintering is very frequent and numerous (groups of 5-6 specimens) in 

scrubs and at reed margins of the whole marsh (Škrke cove, Svitava-Dračevo canal, hedges in meliorated 

cultivated areas of Višićka and Sjekoška kaseta). 

141. Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus 


MISTLE THRUSH is a winter visitor, not frequent in this marsh. Its presence was registered in the period 

October-March, on a dyke of the canal (Sjekoška kaseta) and a flock with 7-8 specimens by the bank 

on Drijen. 

AEGITHALIDAE-LONG-TAILED TITS 

142. Aegithalos caudatus (Linnaeus) 


LONG-TAILED TIT was registered in the period of wintering, on 20 January, in ash forest (Fraxinus 

spec.) at the margin of humid meadow (Londža). 

PARIDAE-TITS 

143. Parus lugubris Temminck 

Type of distribution: Mediterranean -R - 

SOMBRE TIT is also popularly called Dalmatian Tit. Its certain nesting was registered on 20 April, 1967 

(Londža). 

During 2000 research its presence was registered on 20 February, in Phillyrea media stand at the 

margin of Black Hill (Škrke cove). 

144. Parus coeruleus Linnaeus 


BLUE TIT is a regular winter visitor of humid willow forests on the banks of the Krupa and conveying 

canal Svitava-Dračevo, and in the reeds of the lake, stream and gullies of Gornje blato margins. Stay of 

this tit was registered in the period August-April. 

145. Parus major Linnaeus 


GREAT TIT is a resident, and in the marsh area can be found throughout a year. As a hollow bird, it 

is ecologically connected with preserved humid forests of willow and poplar, which only can be found on 

the banks of the river Krupa and dykes of hydro-regulation canals. Great Tit’s abundance increases in


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the periods of migration and wintering, so that in these periods can also be found in other habitats: 

margin of reeds and willow shrubs on the banks of the lake, gullies, canals, in Phillyrea media stands, 

degraded forests of pubescent oak and oriental hornbeam in the marsh surroundings, and in shrubs in 

the cultivated areas created by melioration of the marsh. 

REMIZIDAE-PENDULINE TITS 

146. Remiz pendulinus (Linnaeus) 


PENDULINE TIT is a resident of willow groves on the banks of the Krupa, canals and streams within 

the reed complex. 

Finishing of nest on a willow tree was observed on the canal’s bank of Sjekoška kaseta on 13 May. 

It is frequent in reed ecosystems in the periods of migration and wintering. 

PLOCEIDAE-SPARROWS 

147. Passer domesticus (Linnaeus) 


HOUSE SPARROW is a resident of human settlements near the marsh. During daylight feeds in pure or 

mixed flocks with other sparrows (Passer hispaniolensis and Passer montanus) in shrubs and cultivated 

areas of meliorated parts of Blato (Višićka and Sjekoška kaseta). Less frequent and numerous in other 

habitats. 

In the periods of migration and wintering bigger mixed flocks of sparrows were noticed in reeds in 

evening hours. 

148. Passer hispaniolensis (Temminck) 


SPANISH SPARROW is a summer resident of Hutovo blato in more recent time (Obratil, 1996). During 

the research, its presence was registered from April to August. The biggest nesting colony is from the 

village of Gnjilište. Forming of smaller colonies with several pairs was noticed in the marsh surroundings. 

Presence of this sparrow was noticed in mixed flocks with Passer domesticus and Passer montanus 

near farm buildings of the Cow Farm, shrubs and cultivated areas of Višićka kaseta. 

149. Passer montanus (Linnaeus) 


TREE SPARROW is present in Hutovo blato throughout a year. In the period of nesting it sticks to old 

willow and poplar trees by the Krupa river, dykes and canal in Sjekoška kaseta. 

In the periods of migration and wintering is regular in mixed flocks of sparrows, in shrubs of humid 

meadows and cultivated areas in Sjekoška and Višićka kaseta, and on grassy dykes. Also is regular near 

farm buildings of the Cow Farm in Višićka kaseta. In evening hours was noticed in reeds, in mixed 

flocks. 

FRINGILLIDAE-FINCHES 

150. Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: European -R - 

CHAFFINCH mainly nests in preserved high forests of pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens) in wider 

surroundings of the marsh, and on Ostrovo crest, which divides the marsh in Donje and Gornje blato; 

also in cypress stand (Cupressus sempervirens) in Karaotok. Abundance considerably increases during 

migration and wintering. Often stays in pure flocks with up to 50 specimens, in ecosystems of meadows, 

grassy dykes, cultivated areas and humid forests of willow, poplar and ash. In these habitats is frequent 

in mixed flocks with Carduelis chloris, Carduelis carduelis, Acanthis cannabina, Emberiza calandra and 

others. 

151. Fringilla montigringilla Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Siberian -W - 

BRAMBLING is a typical winter visitor (January and February). During these months feeds in flocks with 

35-40 specimens in ecosystems of humid meadows with weeds, and cultivated areas in Sjekoška and 

Višićka kaseta. Presence of Brambling was registered in degraded forests of pubescent oak and oriental 

hornbeam (Kučevo crest). 

152. Serinus serinus (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Mediterranran -S - 

During 2000 research SERIN was registered in the period February-July. In the period of wintering 

(February) a flock with 30-40 specimens fed in weeds of meadows and cultivated areas in Sjekoška 

kaseta. 

In the nesting period is regular in cypress stand (Cupressus sempervirens) in Karaotok. 

Previous data tell that this species had seasonal status of a winter visitor in Hutovo blato (Obratil, 1971). 

153. Carduelis chloris Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Euro-Turkestanean -R - 

GREENFINCH is a resident staying in Blato throughout a year. In the period of nesting is commonest in 

cypress stand (Cupressus sempervirens) in Karaotok, less common in Phillyrea media stands on the line 

Black Hill-Noktac-Drijen-Londža and in poplar stands (Londža). 

In the periods of migration and wintering (September-March), Greenfinch is frequent in pure and mixed 

flocks (Fringillidae and Emberizidae) on grassy dykes, meadows and meliorated cultivated areas, where 

feeds. 

154. Carduelis spinus (Linnaeus)


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SISKIN is a scarce winter visitor. A flock was noticed on willows of the Krupa bank, in March. 

155. Carduelis carduelis (Linnaeus) 


GOLDFINCH is a resident, less numerous in the period of nesting. Regularly nests in Phillyrea media 

stands near the marsh, in cypress stand (Cupressus sempervirens) in Karaotok and on willow trees 

(Salix spec.) 

In the periods of migration and wintering, smaller and bigger flocks, pure or mixed, regularly feed in 

ecosystems of meadows and dykes with presence of weeds, in cultivated areas and shrub-like rocky 

grounds with degraded forest of pubescent oak and oriental hornbeam (Quercus pubescens and 

Carpinus orientalis) in the marsh surroundings. 

156. Acanthis cannabina (Linnaeus) 


LINNET nests in shrubs on rocky grounds of the marsh surrounding, a biotope with the dominance of 

thorn (Paliurus aculeatus), red juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus), and pomegranate (Punica granatum). 

During migration and wintering smaller and bigger flocks stay in other ecosystems: meadows and dykes 

with the presence of weed (especially Bidens spec.) and agricultural areas with shrub-like stands. 

157. Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Linnaeus) 


HAWFINCH is a scarce winter visitor of Hutovo blato. Its stay was registered on 19 February, 8 

specimens on a willow tree within cultivated area of Sjekoška kaseta, and from 13 to 15 December on 

willow trees at the margin of Svitava reservoir and conveying canal Svitava-Dračevo. On rocky grounds 

of Black Hill one specimen was noticed, cracking thorn’s nut (Paliurus aculeatus) in the bill. 

EMBERIZIDAE-BUNTINGS 

158. Emberiza calandra Linnaeus 


CORN BUNTING is a summer resident of meadow and cultivated area ecosystems in Sjekoška and 

Višićka kaseta. Registered in the period March-November. Few finds of this bird’s presence during 

wintering period. 

159. Emberiza citrinella Linnaeus 


YELLOWHAMMER is a scarce winter visitor in this marsh. During 2000 research a flock with 10-15 

specimens was registered on 18 January on a grassy dyke of Sjekoška kaseta, and on 14 December a 

flock with 5 specimens on a willow tree at the margin of Svitava reservoir. 

160. Emberiza cia Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Mediterranean -W - 

ROCK BUNTING stays in Hutovo blato for wintering, in the period October-January. This bird is 

commonly a summer resident of mountain belt, so the name MOUNTAIN BUNTING is being used in 

literature. Flocks (3-5 and 8-10 specimens) are the most usual winter visitors in Hutovo blato, on rocky 

grounds with degraded shrub-like forest community of pubescent oak and oriental hornbeam, with the 

dominance of thorn (Paliurus spec.), red juiniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) and others. Presence of Rock 

Bunting was also noticed in shrub-like stands within cultivated areas in Sjekoška and Višićka kaseta, in 

somewhat lesser number. 

161. Emberiza cirlus Linnaeus 

Type of distribution: Mediterranean -R - 

CIRL BUNTING is a nesting resident in the wider surroundings of the marsh. Its stay in the marsh 

ecosystem was registered on dykes and willow trees near conveying canal Svitava-Dračevo, in the 

degraded stage of pubescent oak and oriental hornbeam forests on the rocky grounds (Kučevo crest), 

and in Phillyrea media stands at the marsh margin (Black Hill-Drijen-Londža). 

162. Emberiza melanocephala Scopoli 


BLACK-HEADED BUNTING is a summer resident of degraded forests of pubescent oak and oriental 

hornbeam (Quercus pubescens and Carpinus orientalis) on the rocky grounds of Kučevo crest and Black 

Hill in Gornje blato and above the road Svitava- Dračevo in Donje blato. Individual specimens of this 

bunting are present in May and June. 

163. Emberiza schoeniculus (Linnaeus) 

Type of distribution: Palearctic -W(?) - 

During 2000 research REED BUNTING was registered in the period October-May. Former finds of this 

bird show its status of a winter visitor in this marsh. Its find at Škrka spring on 12 May 2000 differs 

from that. Most commonly present at reed margins with willow shrubs, on lakes, canals, gullies and hydroregulation 

canals of meliorated parts of Blato. 

D I S C U S S I O N 

Birds are a very dynamic component of an ecosystem, since most of bird species meet their vital needs in two 

or more different ecosystems, frequently distant from each other, in the periods of nesting, migration and 

wintering (conditions for nesting, feeding, sheltering, resting etc.). This fact corroborates an ecological idea that 

Hutovo blato, in ornithological sense, makes an integral part of the entire marsh area in the lower course of the


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Neretva river. All the changes which were happening in ecosystems of this marshland under the influence of 

various factors, have had direct or indirect reflections on Hutovo blato bird fauna. 

Man, with his presence in this area, disturbed and destroyed the ecosystems to a different degree. 

At the end of 19 th and the beginning of 20 th century this was done by cattle-breeding in the peripheral parts of 

Blato, by mowing the new and burning the old reed grasses, forest cutting, fishing, hunting, and in other ways. In 

the period after World War II, from 1946, the Neretva marsh area and neighbouring region were exposed to the 

strong influence of a series of mutually related anthropogenic ecological factors, which caused great changes in 

the natural ecosystems. 

The following activities can be pointed out, according to their significance: 

Extensive melioration works in the area of the Neretva Delta, 

Construction of dykes and canals in Hutovo blato, 

Intensive industrialisation and urbanisation in inner and outer area, 

Chemicalisation of agricultural production, 

Development of hunting tourism, 

Regulation of the Trebišnjica River bed in Popovo polje, 

Construction of the dam and forming of Svitava reservoir in 1979, for the needs of the Čapljina hydroelectric 

power plant, in the area of Svitavska kaseta in Donje blato. 

When speaking about the Hutovo blato bird fauna and the importance of this Mediterranean marsh for the 

European bird populations in the periods of migration and wintering, and considering the range of changes man 

has done in the natural ecosystems and wider, periods before and after the formation of the reservoir can be 

singled out. 

The results of the research on bird populations in the most characteristic ecosystems of Hutovo blato and 

immediate surroundings, carried out in the period January-December 2000, show significant qualitative and 

quantitative changes in this biotic component in relation to the condition found in the period before 1979 

(Obratil 1985). 

Analysis of the established bird species presence and their temporal distribution (Table 1, Ann. 1) shows that the 

number of totally registered species decreased by 31%, and the number of families by 19%. The decrease in 

number of species during spring and autumn migration is within the range of 31%-33%, wintering 40% and 

nesting 13%. 

The qualitative composition of the registered avifauna leads to the conclusion that absence is most prominent 

among the species ecologically bound with water and marsh habitats. This refers in the first place to the 

species of the duck family (Anatidae), and plovers (Charadriidae), whose presence decreased by 56% and 47%, 

respectively. It is necessary to point out that these birds were represented with a great number of individuals 

during periods of migration and wintering. Census of present populations was considerably lower in 2000. 

Degradational changes among the most important members of the autochthonous bird fauna of Hutovo blato 

were noticed in the mixed colony of Pygmy Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus) and Herons (Ardeidae), in the 

almost unapproachable ecosystem of grey willow (Salix cinerea) in Gornje blato. 

Members of this colony are summer residents of western border of the species’ continual areal, and all of them, 

with the exception of Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea), are today endangered European species. The colony in 

Hutovo blato is one of the scarce recent ones in the Balkans area, at western areal border. 

Analysis of spatial bird distribution (Ann. 2) undoubtedly shows that the most prominent consequences of 

degradational and destructive processes can be seen in natural ecosystems of humid meadows. These 

ecosystems were the most important habitats of birds from northern parts of Europe in the periods of migration 

and wintering. Until 1979 stays of the greatest number of birds’ species (100) were registered in them. However, 

most recent researches (2000) show decrease in bird species number by 48%, and during some very important 

periods for birds even more (spring migration 51%, autumn migration 70%, wintering 61%). 

Construction of the artificial reservoir for the Čapljina pump hydro-electric power plant in Donje Svitavsko blato, 

with its direct degradational and destructive influence, can be singled out from the complex of ecological factors 

which caused such great changes in the avifauna in a relatively short period. In an area of about 1000 ha, 

under the water of the newly formed Svitava lake, unique natural ecosystems of flooded meadows, sedge and 

humid forests, disappeared in 1979. 

Today fragments of flooded meadows ecosystem can be found in Donje blato in Sjekoška kaseta, and at the 

localities Drijen and Londža in Gornje blato. 

From the group of anthropogenous eco-factors, which have indirect influence on the bird realm, and whose 

degradational effects will show up after a longer period of time, the changes of hydrological conditions and the 

chemicalisation of agricultural production in the immediate and wider marsh surroundings can be singled out. 

Two seasonal oscillations of the water level in Hutovo blato (spring and autumn), caused by the rising of the 

Neretva River water level, once were clearly distinguished and had ecological impact on plant and animal 

composition of the ecosystems in this Mediterranean marshland. But, this century’s lasting rhythm was disturbed 

with the construction of the dam in Donje blato. Release of water from the reservoir, serving for the 

maintenance of a certain water regime, results in frequent daily oscillations of the water level in the marsh 

throughout a year. The mentioned hydrologic changes have an impact on the abiotic component of the 

ecosystem, and through it also on the biotic component: vegetation, micro- and macro-fauna, to which the birds 

are connected through complex food chains.


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The changes in water level in the period April-June cause the destruction of nests with eggs and chicks in a 

large number of species, what is a form of direct degradational impact of an anthropogenous factor. 

Certain progradational changes in bird populations (increased presence of species and individuals) were found in 

the ecosystems of meliorated parts of the marsh (Višićka kaseta), areas under various crops. A certain number 

of species belong to the avifauna of humid flooded meadows, the ecosystems which disappeared from Hutovo 

blato after the construction of the artificial reservoir in Svitavska kaseta. Birds of these natural ecosystems have 

found nearly the same living conditions during periods of migration and wintering (feeding, shelter, resting) in the 

newly formed anthropogenous ecosystems. 

C O N C L U S I O N 

Analysis of the results obtained from the research of bird populations in Hutovo blato and surroundings, 

conducted in the period January-December 2000, and their comparison with the condition of bird fauna 

registered in this marsh before the construction of the artificial reservoir in Donje blato in 1979, gives us the 

following conclusions: 

1. In the period January-December 2000 presence of 163 bird species from 39 families (according to VAURIE 

1959, 1965) was registered (Table 1). 

2. Presence of 16 zoogeographical types of distribution (according to VOOUS 1962) was registered (Ann. 3). 

Palearctic type of distribution is dominant, with 58 species (36%). 

3. According to the seasonal status, greatest number of bird species belongs to winter visitors – 53 species 

(32.5%) (Ann. 4). 

4. Out of all birds registered in 2000, 51 species (31%) belong to various categories of endangerment (King 

1979; Obratil, Matvejev 1989) (Ann. 5). 

5. Temporal distribution of birds shows that the greatest number of species was registered in the periods of 

spring migration (106) and autumn migration (102), and approximately the same number of species in the 

periods of nesting (92) and wintering (86) (Table 1). 

6. Temporal and spatial distribution of bird species shows a relatively uniform presence of species in the six 

researched types of ecosystems (Ann. 2). In the ecosystems of humid forests and meliorated cultivated areas 

67 species were registered in each. In other ecosystems number of present species ranges from 48 to 55. 

7. Comparison of the ornithofauna registered in the period January-December 2000, with the fauna found in the 

period before 1979, when the artificial reservoir for the needs of Čapljina power-plant was constructed in 

Svitavska kaseta (Fig. 1), shows considerable qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of bird 

fauna in Hutovo blato marsh and surroundings. The following degradational changes can be singled out, 

according to their importance: 

a) the number of registered species decreased by 31%, the number of families decreased by 

19% 

b) temporal distribution of birds shows the decrease of number of species during spring and 

autumn migration by 31%-33%, during wintering by 40%, and nesting by 13% 

c) most significant decrease of species number and their population’s census was registered for 

the families of ducks (Anatidae) by 56%, plovers (Charadriidae) by 47% and birds of prey 

(Accipitridae and Falconidae) by 21% 

d) population census, during the nesting period, of the most important members of the 

autochthonous Hutovo blato ornithofauna, Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) and Little Egret 

(Egretta garzetta), shows the decrease by 60% and 67%, respectively. 

8. The dominant degradational impact on bird fauna of Hutovo blato marsh had: 

a) degradational processes in natural ecosystems of the entire Neretva marshland, with Hutovo 

blato marsh as an integral part in ecological sense 

b) construction of the artificial reservoir in 1979 in Donje blato caused the destruction of humid 

flooded meadows, an ecosystem which was most visited by populations of European birds in 

the periods of migration and wintering. 

9. In order to restore and retain European importance and interest of this Mediterranean marshland in 

ornithological aspect, it is necessary to undertake ecological measures of protection in conservation of the 

remaining part of Gornje blato, which will help it avoid the destiny of Donje blato. 

Therefore I suggest the following: 

a) give the Park of Nature ‘Hutovo blato’ the status of an ornithological reservation, what excludes 

hunting tourism 

b) forbid grazing and burning of reeds 

c) forbid cutting in humid flooded forests of poplar, willow and ash, and removing of old trunks 

d) decision on possible construction of a dam in Gornje blato and working regime make with the 

approval and consultations with other experts (hydrologists, pedologists, botanists, ornithologists etc.), 

with the aim of slowing down the overgrowth of the marsh and making optimal ecological 

conditions for fish populations 

e) Donje blato, where natural ecosystems do not exist today, also has the ornithological importance. 

This part of the marsh could be given a more liberal regime, after consultations with the experts. 

Flora


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In the park area up to now, about 610 species and lower taxa of vascular plants (Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) 

have been determined. Alongside, two frequent species of algae (Nitella sp. and Chara hispida) are included in the 

content of some plant communities. The moss Fontinalis antipyretica (Isobryales, Fontinalaceae) builds separate 

communities along sources. The greatest number of terrestrial plants (ass. Querco-Carpinetum orientalis) belong to 

various sub-groups having a Mediterranean floral element. Therophyta dominate in the spectrum of life forms – annual 

plants that require one summer period from germination to seed, usually not the entire vegetation period. The most 

numerous family of vascular plants are the Poaceae, Fabaceae, and Asteraceae and Cichoriaceae, which confirms the 

Mediterranean character of the flora. As it requires more than one year of research to show the flora, that is one 

vegetation period, a separate floristic list is not presented in this study, rather, it is shown through the floral composition of 

the plant communities. A floristic research of this very interesting region should be continued in order to complete the list 

of flora. 

The water and wetland plants in the park are researched well. Euhydatophytes and hemihydrophtes are the dominating 

life forms, and only fewer species belong to the floating pleustophytes. Euhydrophytes include: 1) submersed plants; 2) 

plants that root on the bottom, and whose vegetational organs develop in the upper surface layers or on the water surface 

itself. Table 1 shows the life forms of water and wetland plants in the park. 

Table 1. Life forms of water and wetland plants in the natural park of Hutovo Blato* 

LIFE FORMS ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS TAXA 

Pleustophytes Living at water surface in hydrophase or littoral ecophase, 

usually floating in water without connection to bottom. Can 

survive short-term limosal ecophase in rooted stage. 

Euhydatophytes Living in water column, adapted only to hydrophase and 

littoral ecophase. 

Hydatoaerophytes Living in water column, but in connection with the air; 

distinguished by great adaptive changes during littoral and 

limosal partly also terrestrial ecophases. 

Hydroochthophytes Living in hydrophase, forming predominantly ecomorphoses 

with submerged or floating leaves, optimally developed in 

littoral ecophase where they form emerged leaves and 

generative reproductive organs; adaptive changes 

Ochthohydrophytes 

expressive in hydrophase and littoral ecophase, well 

adapted even to limosal and intial terrestrial ecophase. 

Usually living in hydrophase for a short time, long-term 

adaptions to littoral and limosal ecophases and short-term 

adaptations to terrestrial ecophase; this group contains 

mostly reed-belt dominants. 

Euochthophytes Adapted to life in short-term hydrophase and long-term 

limosal and terrestrial ecophases. 

Tenagophytes Adapted to life near shoreline, i.e., in long-term littoral and 

limosal ecophases; can grow only temporarily in hydrophase 

or terrestrial Ecophase. Occurrence often ephemeral. 

Pelochthophytes Occurring on emerged shores or bottoms; major part of 

development in limosal ecophase, dissemination in 

terrestrial ecophase. Can survive during other ecophases 

only as seeds. 

Pelochthotherophytes Optimum development during short limosal ecophase and 

subsequent long-term terrestrial ecophase; can also adapt 

to subsequent secondary littoral ecophase. 

Uliginosophytes Intial development and formation of vegetative parts during 

limosal or littoral ecophase, generative reproduction in 

terrestrial ecophase; relative duration of ecophase variable; 

long-lasting limosal ecophase at advanced stages of landformation 

of shore communities, with thick layer of 

decomposing detritus in upper soil horizon. 

Trichohygrophytes Living in terrestrial ecophase, but requiring considerable soil 

moisture in early stages of development; survive well in 

long-lasting limosal ecophase, adapted only to short-term 

littoral ecophase and hydrophase. 

* According to Hejný’s system (Hejný 1957, 1971). 

Lemna, Hydrocharis 

Elodea, Ceratophyllum, 

most Potamogeton species 

Nypmhaea alba, Nuphar lutea, 

Hottonia palustris 

Butomus umbellatus, Rorippa 

amphibia, Huppuris vulgaris 

Typha, Schoenoplectus, 

Phragmites australis 

Tall sedges - Carex (Carex 

elata) 

Callitriche 

fuscus 

palustris, Cyperus 

Juncus bufonius 

Bidens, Leersia oryzoides, 

Polygonum hydropiper, P. 

lapathifolium, Chenopodium 

glaucum, Ranunculus scleratus 

Lythrum salicaria, Solanum 

dulcamara, Lysimachia vulgaris, 

Galium palustre 

Potentilla reptans, Lysimachia 

nummularia, Mentha pulegium 

Table 2 shows 28 species of vascular plants found in the park that are also found on the List of Rare, Endangered and 

Endemic Species of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Šilić 1994). Each species is labelled according to its category of 

endangerment according to the criteria of the IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre (IUCN 1983). 

One species, Ludwigia palustris, belongs to the category of endangered species (E) and is threatened by extinction if 

the underlying factors continue to act on the community. In the category of endangered species are those plants whose


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numbers have been reduced critically, or whose habitats have been reduced drastically, so it is believed they are in 

immediate danger of extinction. This species belongs to the vegetation of Fimbristylion dichotomae alliance. 

The greatest number of species (22) belong to the sensitive species (V) of Bosnia and Herzegovina flora, that will 

find themselves in the endangered group of species in the near future if the underlying factors continue to act. These 

include water plants or submerged species, and also forests and shrubs of pubescent-oak and oriental horn-beam. This 

means that there are various negative influences on the ecosystem, usually multiple. The number and content of plant 

species changes significantly due to anthropogenic influences. These influences can be various; a change of habitat 

(destruction, degradation, fragmentation), pollution of the soil, water, and air, overuse of natural sources (felling, 

gathering, burning), and the importation of foreign species. Chapter 6 discusses the reasons why species and habitats are 

endangered. 

A smaller number of species (5) belong to a group of rare species, usually with small populations that are not 

endangered or sensitive, but are at risk. They are usually localized within a limited geographical area or habitat, or rarely, 

are scattered over the whole region. The endemic plants, Rhamnus intermedius and Moltkea petraea (Illyrian-Adriatic 

endemic), and Petteria ramentacea (Illyrian-Balkan endem) belong to this group, along with other species. 

Table 2. Endangered, vulnerable and rare species of vascular plants in the natural park of Hutovo Blato* 

SPECIES FAMILY CATEGORY OF ENDANGERMENT 

Thelypteris palustris Schott (Suppl. II – Fig. 5) Aspidiaceae Vulnerable 

Marsilea quadrifolia L. Marsileaceae Vulnerable 

Celtis tournefortii Lam. Ulmaceae Vulnerable 

Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm., in Sibth. et Sm. Nymphaceae Vulnerable 

Rhamnus intermedius Steud. et Hohst. Rhamnaceae Rare 

Petteria ramentacea (Sieb.) C. Presl Fabaceae Rare 

Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliott Oenotheraceae Endangered 

Hippuris vulgaris L. (Suppl. II – Fig. 9) Hippuridaceae Vulnerable 

Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. Apiaceae Vulnerable 

Hottonia palustris L. 

(Suppl. II – Fig. 7) 

Primulaceae Vulnerable 

Cyclamen neapolitanum Ten. Primulaceae Vulnerable 

Cyclamen repandum Sibth. et Sm. Primulaceae Vulnerable 

Moltkea petraea (Tratt.) Griesb. Boraginaceae Rare 

Veronica anagalloides Guss. Scrophulariaceae Vulnerable 

Utricularia vulgaris L. Lentibulariaceae Vulnerable 

Acanthus spinossisimus Pers. Acanthaceae Vulnerable 

Nymphoides peltata (S.G. Gmelin) O. Kuntze Menyanthaceae Vulnerable 

Periploca graeca L. Asclepiadaceae Vulnerable 

Dittrichia viscosa (L.) W. Greuter Asteraceae Rare 

Baldellia ranunculoides Parl. Alismataceae Vulnerable 

Butomus umbellatus L. (Suppl. II – Fig. 6) 

Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. 

Zanichellia palustris L. 

Butomaceae 

Hydrocharitaceae 

Potamogetonaceae 

Vulnerable 

Vulnerable 

Vulnerable 

Asphodelus aestivus Brot. Liliaceae Rare 

Ruscus aculeatus L. Liliaceae Vulnerable 

Galanthus nivalis L. Amaryllidaceae Vulnerable 

Orchis simia Lam. Orchidaceae Vulnerable 

Orchis spitzelii Saut. 

* According to Šilić (1994). 

Orchidaceae Vulnerable 

The introduction of foreign, newly-arrived species (neophytes) recently has become a frequent occurrence, primarily 

due to facilitated communication with various regions of the world. The appearance of numerous anthropogenic plant 

species, spread unknowningly by mankind, has been noted in the Neretva Valley as well, and some plants (usually 

widespread) have become quite domesticated. Among those found, the most numerous species is the so-called 

American neophytes, which includes many dangerous weed species, while some are only in the initial phase of spreading. 

In the year 1947, Horvatić (1949) discovered the presence of the South American species Paspalum paspaloides 

(“wild troskot”, Poaceae, Suppl. II – Fig. 10) in the submerged region between Metković and Opuzen, and between 

Metković and Gabel, which was a new species for the entire Balkan penninsula. Hodak (1956) made a note of it in the 

hygrophyle vegetation of Hutovo Blato. It has become totally acclimatized, even becoming the dominant element of 

wetland vegetation. The best-suited habitats are muddy flooded surfaces that are submerged most of the year. In plant 

communities of the Fimbristylion dichotomae alliance, Paspalum paspaloides has practical economic importance, as it is 

used as a grazing pasture and for meadows. As the Paspalum paspaloides can bear permanently stagnated water, and if 

it is not too deep, this species can be found in other wetland communities (ie. ass. Myriophyllo-Nupharetum). 

In recent times, in the region of the Neretva Delta and generally along the eastern Adriatic coast, numerous 

anthropogenic plant species have appeared, coming from all regions of the world (America, Africa, Azia): Bidens 

subalternans (Ilijanić and Hećimović 1983); Eleusine indica (Vreš 1996); Eleusine tristachya (Trinajstić and Jasprica 1998, 

Šilić and Šolić, 1999); Helianthus tuberosus, Paspalum dilatatum, Echinocystis lobata, Phytolacca americana, Tagetes 

minuta (Šilić and Abadžić 2000); Datura inoxia (Kovačić et al. 2000) and others. Most of the species mentioned grow in 

anthropogenic habitats, along roads and other ruderal surfaces within settlements. We can find some species (ie.


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Artemisia verlotiorum) along rivers, canals, gravel and other waters, where they flourish in semi-natural, damp and shady 

places along the edges of willows and other types of submerged forests and underbrush (Smital et al. 1998). 

5. Vegetation 

5.1. Syntaxonomic survey of plant communities in the natural park of Hutovo Blato 

In the syntaxonomic survey, the vegetation is divided into four main types: water plant, marsh, low sedges, and 

conditionally, terrestrial vegetation. 

Table 3. Syntaxonomic survey of plant communities in the natural park of Hutovo Blato 

A. Water plant communities 

1. LEMNETEA R. Tx. 1955 

Lemnetalia minoris R. Tx. 1955 

Lemnion minoris R. Tx. 1955 

Lemno-Utricularietum vulgaris Soó 1928 

Lemnion trisulcae Den Hartog et Segal 1964 

2. Lemnetum trisulcae Soó 1927 

2. STRATIOTETEA Den Hartog et Segal 1964 

Hydrochairietalia Rübel 1933 

Hydrocharition Rübel 1933 

3. Hydrocharietum morsus-ranae van Langendonck 1935 

3. POTAMETEA Klika in Klika et Novak 1941 

Potametalia W. Koch 1926 

Nymphaeion albae Oberd. 1957 

Myriophyllo-Nupharetum W. Koch 1926 

4 :Nymphoidetum peltatae Oberds. et Th. Müll. 1960 

5:Hottonietum palustris Tx. 1937 

6:Potamion eurosibiricum W. Koch 1926 

7. Potameto-Najadetum Horvatić et Micevski 1960 

8. Ceratophyllo-Potametum crispi Horvatić et Micevski 1960 

9. Ranunculo-Callitrichetum Soó 1927 

10. Elodeetum canadensis Eggler 1933 

11. Potametum natantis Lkšić. et Pavlović 1976 

4. FONTINALETEA ANTIPYRETICAE 

Fontinaletalia antipyreticae 

Fontinalion antipyreticae 

12. Fontinaletum antipyreticae 

B. Marsh plant communities 

1. PHRAGMITI-MAGNOCARICETEA Klika in Klika et Novák 1941 

Phragmitetalia (W. Koch 1926) Pignatti 1953 

Phragmition W. Koch 1926 

1. Phragmitetum australis von Soó 1927 nom. mut. propos. 

2. Scirpetum lacustris Chouard 1924 

3. Scirpetum tabernaemontani Pass. 1964 

4. Bolboschoenetum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 

5. Typhetum angustifoliae Pignatti 1933 

6. Iris pseudacorus comm. 

Magnocaricion W. Koch 1926 

Mariscetum serrati Zobr. 1935 (=Cladietum marisci Zobr. 1935) 

7. Hydrocotyle-Caricetum elatae Horvatić 1962 

8. Phalaridetum arundinaceae Libbert 1931 

9. Cyperetum longi Micevski 1957 

Glycerio-Sparganion Br.-Bl. et Sissingh 1942 

11. Sparganio-Cyperetum longi Horvatić 1939 

C. Vegetation of low sedges 

1. ISOËTO-NANOJUNCETEA Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943 

Isoëtetalia Br.-Bl. 1931 

Fimbristylion dichotomae Horvatić 1954 

1. Cypero-Paspaletum digitarii (=distichi) Horvatić 1954 

Dichostyli-Fimbristyletum dichotomae Horvatić 1954 

Paspaleto-Leersietum oryzoidis Bajić 1978 

D. Terrestrial plant communities 

D-a. Ruderal plant communities


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1. BIDENTETEA TRIPARTITI Tx. Lohm. et Prsg. in Tx. 1950 

Bidentetalia tripartiti Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943 

Bidention tripartiti Tx. 1950 

1. Bidentetum tripartiti W. Koch 1926 

Leersio-Bidentetum (W. Koch 1926) Poli et Tx. 1960 

Menthion pulegii Lkšić. 1973 

3. Menthetum pulegii Lkšić. 1973 

2. CHENOPODIETEA Br.-Bl. 1951 

Chenopodietalia Br.-Bl. (1931) 1936 

Chenopodion muralis Br.-Bl. (1931) 1936 

4. Urtico-Sambucetum ebuli Br.-Bl. 1936 

5. Carduo-Silybetum mariani Trinajstić 1979 

Hordeion Br.-Bl. (1931) 1947 

6. Scolymo-Marubietum incani Horvatić 1964 

3. PLANTAGINETEA MAJORIS Tx. et Prsg. 1950 

Plantaginetalia majoris Tx. 1950 

Polygonion avicularis Br.-Bl. 1931 

7. Lolio-Plantaginetum majoris Beger 1930 

D-b. Forest formations. 

1. QUERCO-FAGETEA Br.-Bl. et Vlieger 1937 

Quercetalia pubescentis Br.-Bl. (1931) 1932 

Ostryo-Carpinion orientalis Horvat (1954) 1958 

1. Querco-Carpinetum orientalis H-ić 1939 (=C. o. “adriaticum”) 

(incl. Paliuro-Petterion p.p. Fuk. 1962; Petterietum ramentacae Fuk. 1962, Juniperetum oxycedrii Fuk. 1962, Punicetum 

hercegovinicum Fuk. 1962) 

2. Quercetum trojanae fragm. Em. 1958 

Populetalia Br.-Bl. 1931 

Salicion (Soó) Oberd. 1953 

3. Salicetum purpureae Wendbg. 1952 

Viticion agni-casti 

4. Periploco-Viticetum agni-casti Lkšić. et al. 

5. Rubo-Viticetum agni-casti Lkšić. 

2. PALIURETEA Trinajstić 1978 

Paliuretalia Trinajstić 1978 

Paliurion adriaticum Trinajstić 1978 

6. Paliuretum adriaticum Horvatić 1958 

5.2. Description of plant communities 

5.2.1. Water plant communities 

1. Lemno-Utricularietum vulgaris Soó 1928 (Suppl. IB-Tab. I, relevé 1-3; Suppl. II-fig. 8) 

The community develops in shallow, eutrophic waters, channels and depressions in many localities throughout the 

park. Most frequently, it inhabits the edges of slow-moving water. The submerged species Lemna trisulca is generally 

dominant in the floristic content of the community. It is usually accompanied by the Utricularia vulgaris. It is extremely rare 

to find the small water lentil (Lemna minor) in this community and it is found only in one area of the park. 

2. Lemnetum trisulcae Soó 1927 (Suppl. IB-Tab. I, relevé 4-6) 

The community has a pronounced submerged and hydrophytic character, and develops under conditions of low light 

intensity. It cannot be found on the surface of water pools. Specifically, the small water lentil (Lemna minor) covers the 

water surface, while the submerged water lentil (L. trisulca) floats directly underneath. Such an alliance of water lentils 

creates a double, roof layer of compact vegetation that hardly filters any light through the water. For this reason, such 

places do not allow for the appearance or development of other macrophytes, for the production of organic detritus and for 

the appearance of mud. In such conditions, there is no process of gradual growth as in water vegetation, rather, the 

community of water lentils becomes the permanent stage of vegetation. This community is found in a pool southeast of 

Škrško Lake, and is best developed in the stagnant waters of Bregave, especially during the summer vegetation period. 

3. Hydrocharietum morsus-ranae van Langendonck 1935 (Suppl. IB-Tab. I, relevé 7-9) 

This pleustonic community develops in shallower, eutrophic waters during the summer period (June-August). Usually, it 

concerns a community that contains only the species Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, a perennial plant whose leaves float on 

the surface of the water. It is found in a few localities in the marsh below Crno Brdo, as well as along the drainage 

channels around Škrka lake. 

Certain authors have very different viewpoints and opinions concerning the higher syntaxonomic units (alliance, order, 

class) that include the Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (and/or Stratiotes aloides). Most frequently, importance is given to 

Rübel’s alliance Hydrocharition and to the order Hydrocharitetalia (Rübel 1933). There is an issue as to which class it 

belongs to. While Den Hartog and Segal (1964), or Segal (1968) place this community into the separate class 

Stratiotetea, Knapp (1971) and Rothmaler (1972) place it in the class Lemnetea, Trinajstić and Pavletić (1980) in the class 

Potametea, and finally Trinajstić (1991) in the class Stratiotetea, the one used in this study. However, contrary to the 

vegetational class Lemnetea, where each individual is completely independent, the plant species that forms the 

vegetational class Stratiotetea creates a vast network, on top of which leaf rosettes are formed, thereby building compact, 

smaller or larger floating „carpets“.


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4. Myriophyllo-Nupharetum W. Koch 1926 (Suppl. IB -Tab. II, relevé 1-5) 

This is a very widespread community that develops, as is known, in deep, still-water pools. In the zonal distribution of 

water and marsh vegetation, they account for the deepest belt. It is developed in the waters of Krupa, Jelim, Deran Lake, 

Drijen, Orah, Škrka Lake and others. Most frequently, it covers a surface area between 25 and 40 m 2 . The main species 

of this plant community are Nuphar lutea, Myriophyllum verticillatum and Ceratophyllum demersum, which give the 

vegetation a specific appearance. 

In some localities, it is developed only fragmentarily, probably caused by proportionally shallow waters resulting from an 

advanced process of overgrowth in the depression. Also, the difference in the floristic content between localities can be 

attributed to the differences in habitat conditions, such that more sub-units can be identified according to the dominance of 

certain species. As a rule, species that are adapted to low light intensities inhabit the deepest and the coldest waters at 

depths of 3-5m (ie. Ceratophyllum i Myriophyllum), while shallower waters (depths


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The species Potamogeton natans generally settles mesotrophic stagnant waters, and is very rarely found in running 

water. A community sized 10 m 2 was found in Donje Blato, in Sjekoštaka. It can also be found along the drainage 

channels with still waters along the righthand shore of the Neretva River, near Gabela. 

12. Fontinaletum antipyreticae 

This is a community that has very strong polymorphic moss, which develops on rocks and along sources with fastmoving 

waters. Up to one half metre long shrubs break off and can be found later on floating on the surface in the waters 

and channels of Gornje Blato. The ecology of communities in southern Europe has not been studied enough, as has been 

done with Central and Northern Europe (cf. Dawson and Szoszkiewicz 1999). 

5.2.2. Marsh plant communities 

1. Phragmitetum australis von Soó 1927 nom. mut. propos. 

(Suppl. IB-Tab. III, relevé 1-5) 

The association Phragmitetum australis (a reed) is a dominant helophyte community that takes up relatively large 

surface areas throughout Blato. Most frequently, it covers the first vegetational belt along the water surface towards the 

marsh. It settles a wide belt of terrain that is submerged throughout the year, or that is partially exposed, but constantly 

wet. It is frequently dense and unpassable. In the contact zone (belt) towards the mainland, there is an increasing number 

of species that belong to the vegetation of Magnocaricion alliance, and in the contact zone with the water surface, with 

species from the Lemnion minoris alliances, Nymphaeion albae and Potamion eurosibiricum. In the floral content, the reed 

Phragmites australis is still very dominant, and we can also find the species Schoenoplectus lacustris, Roripa amphibia, 

Lyhtrum salicaria, Myosotis scorpioides, Stachys palustris and others. 

2. Scirpetum lacustris Chouard 1924 (Suppl. IB-Tab. III, relevé 6-10) 

Of all the associations from the Phragmition alliance, the community Scirpetum lacustris settles the deepest waters 

and covers those areas of the shallow water basin where the water depths fluctuate between 0.5-1 m. In order for this 

community to develop, the branching network of rhizomes from the characteristic species of Schoenoplectus lacustris has 

to have an adequate supply of water throughout the year. Also, this community develops on a substrate that contains 

calcium (Ca), and the water is eutrophic. Schoenoplectus lacustris dominates in this relatively thermophile community that 

is scarce in species. The species Rorippa amphibia and Polygonum amphibium have a significant contribution of the flora 

composition. During the vegetational period, this community takes up great areas of Deran Lake, while it generally 

appears in the form of small “islands” in other regions. 

3. Scirpetum tabernaemontani Pass. 1964 (Suppl. IB-Tab. III, relevé 11-15) 

The plant community as. Scirpetum tabernaemontani develops on poor alkaline soils that is very wet. This 

community has, more or less, a uniform floral content, and is spread along many places in Hutovo Blato (the left shore of 

Škrka Lake, marsh Pod koščelom, Jelim, Drijen and so on.). Most frequently, it creates the frontier belt between 

communities of Mariscetum serrati and Bolboschoenetum maritimi. 

4. Bolboschoenetum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 (Suppl. IB-Tab. III, relevé 16-20) 

This community is relatively common in the lower regions of the Neretvan River. It develops under certain saline 

levels. As the waters of Hutovo Blato are poorly alkaline (Štambuk-Giljanović 1998), and the water is not saline (S= 0 psu, 

Babino oko spring, 3.7.2000), this community has a poor floral content. The community is dominated by the characteristic 

species Bolboschoenus maritimus, but their is another important element of the association missing, the species 

Schoenoplectus litoralis. Alongside the Bolboschoenus maritimus, the species Cyperus longus has the highest presence 

in the communtiy. 

Most often, the community develops in gentle depressions, along the „rim“, in wet habitats with an organogenic soil. 

It has been sighted directly along the source Jamica, and at many locations in the marsh Pod košćelom, along the Babino 

oko spring, along the left bank of Škrka Lake, and so on. 

5. Typhetum angustifoliae Pignatti 1933 (Suppl. IB-Tab. IV, relevé 1-3) 

Typical stands of the ass. Typhetum angustifoliae develop in waters up to 0.5 m, as is known (cf. Philippi 1974), 

while typical contents of the ass. Typhetum latifoliae develop in waters up to 0.2 m. In depths between 0.2-0.5 m, mixed 

stands develop, where one species is predominant, depending upon whether the water is shallower or deeper. 

Stands of Typha angustifolia in Hutovo Blato develop in somewhat shallower water, and the Typha latifolia can be 

found in either greater or smaller constancy in the floral composition. In the research done up to now, I have not been able 

to find stands that would match the as. Typhetum latifoliae. 

The floral composition shows that the community lacks elements of water vegetation, as the water is not deep even 

when the watertable are high. 

6. Iris pseudacorus comm. (Suppl. IB-Tab. IV, relevé 4-6; Suppl. II-Fig. 3) 

It appears in habitats of fast-flowing waters, building homogenous compositions or short “belts”, most frequently as a 

part of the community complex of the Phragmition alliance. Usually, it is developed only fragmentarily and is found under 

the Londža jaruga, as well as in the gorge that leads from Lake Deran towards Lake Orah. Stands of Iris pseudacorus are 

also described in Austria and in the Slovak Republic (Lazowski 1985, Otahelova 1996). 

7. Mariscetum serrati Zobr. 1935 (=Cladietum marisci Zobr. 1935) 

(Suppl. IB-Tab. V, relevé 1-5)


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This usually localized community, distributed throughout the entire eastern Adriatic coast and in continental Karst 

area, is very widespread in the Gornje Blato region. It usually inhabits shallower, stagnant water (the top soil can dry out 

occasionally), making up a particular vegetational belt that acts as a buffer in the natural process of eutrophication 

between communities of the Phragmition alliance on the one hand and other communities of the Magnocaricion alliance 

(especially the ass. Hydocotyle-Caricetum elatae and ass. Cyperetum longi) on the other hand. It directly surrounds “the 

belt of reeds, rush and cattail” around the lake, and is significantly different in terms of its physiology and ecology. The soil 

is organogenic and there is calcium present in the substrate. The community has great ecological importance considering 

that it is an important nesting site. According to the floral composition, besides the characteristic species of the 

association Cladium mariscus, two vulnerable species of Bosnia and Herzegovina flora are also frequently found with: 

Thelypteris palustris and Hydrocotyle vulgaris. 

8. Hydrocotyle-Caricetum elatae Horvatić 1962 (Suppl. IB-Tab. V, relevé 6-10) 

The community Hydrocotyle-Caricetum elatae is frequent in the lower Neretva marshes. In Gornje Blato, it usually 

continues along a belt of the ass. Mariscetum serrati, whereas in dryer places it spreads into communities of the Bidention 

tripartiti, Menthion pulegii or Fimbristylion dichotomae alliances. It has a characteristic bushy appearance given by the 

species Carex elata – a characteristic and particularly regional species of the Magnocaricion alliance. It is thought that this 

association stems from similar plant communities in northern Europe, which arrived south during the last ice-age. For this 

reason, it has plenty of similarities with the continental community Caricetum elatae, but it is clearly differentiated from it 

by the presence of prominent, characteristic and differential species (ie. Cyperus longus, Althaea officinalis, Samolus 

valerandi and so on.) 

This association usually takes over larger topographic depressions that hold water for most of the year. Due to the 

constant presence of water, the decomposition of organic detritus is slowed down, such that a powerful layer of “peat” is 

formed. The community is of great significance to marsh birds, offering shelter and a nesting area. 

9. Phalaridetum arundinaceae Libbert 1931 (Suppl. IB-Tab. V, relevé 11-15) 

We can find the community Phalaridetum arundinaceae on the left bank of the river Krupa, and on the right bank of 

Škrka Lake, usually in places where the water levels vary greatly due to rapid water movements. This community 

develops on a sandy or muddy soils. It is usually limited to those protruding surfaces that are only occasionally 

submerged. Usually, these are surfaces from 20-50 m 2 on which we can find the species Phalaris arundinacea combined 

with other species, most frequently with Alisma plantago-aquatica, Mentha aquatica, Stachys palustris and others. It is 

known that the grass Phalaris arundinacea is usually used for covering embankments and for strengthening shorelines, 

and it is used as a plant for grazing (Hulina 1985). 

10. Cyperetum longi Micevski 1957 (Suppl. IB-Tab. V, relevé 16-20; Suppl. II-Fig. 4) 

The community Cyperetum longi represents a very significant stage in the process of natural eutrophication of waters 

in the Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean vegetational belt, where the association Hydocotyle-Caricetum elatae takes 

over in places – especially on minerally-based muddy soils – where they usually come into direct contact. The species 

Cyperus longus dominates over all the other species and it gives the community a characteristic physiology. Frequently, 

this community can be found alongside “plijesne”. 

11. Sparganio-Cyperetum longi Horvatić 1939 (Suppl. IB-Tab. VI, relevé 1-5) 

The Glycerio-Sparganion alliance is formed of the Sparganio-Cyperetum longi association. This is a marsh 

community of brook beds and drainage gorges. It has been found in the channels at Karaotok, on both shores of Škrka 

Lake, in the marsh Pod košćelom, around the Babino oko spring, and in many depressions in Gornje Blato. 

5.2.3. Vegetation of Fimbristylion dichotomae alliance (low sedges) 

Vegetation of the Fimbristylion dichotomae alliance colonize muddy and muddy-sandy submerged areas along 

smaller pools, puddles and lake shorelines that are submerged most of the year, and which are frequently, more or less, 

without water during the summer drought. On such surfaces, which are very widespread in areas (Londža, Jelim), 

communities of ass. Cypero-Paspaletum digitarii (=distichi), Dichostyli-Fimbristyletum dichotomae and Paspaleto- 

Leersietum oryzoidis develop. 

The following communities develop on such surfaces that are very widespread in areas: 

1. Cypero-Paspaletum digitarii (=distichi) Horvatić 1954 

(Suppl. IB-Tab. VII, relevé 1-5, Suppl. II- Fig. 10) 

The community Cypero-Paspaletum digitarii, as compared to the ass. Dichostyli-Fimbristyletum dichotomae, to which 

it is frequently connected spatially, inhabits areas that are submerged only shortly. In places, it develops as a grazing 

pasture or a meadow, with a high presence of the Paspalum paspaloides. 

2. Dichostyli-Fimbristyletum dichotomae Horvatić 1954 

(Suppl. IB-Tab. VII, relevé 6-10) 

The community develops along the shoreline of stagnant and running waters. In places, it appears in special subunits 

(facies), which are marked by some of the following dominating species: Cyperus flavescens, C. fuscus, Mentha 

pulegium (frequently, it builds a separate community) and others. 

3. Paspaleto-Leersietum oryzoidis Bajić 1978 (Suppl. IB-Tab. VII, relevé 11-13) 

The community Paspaleto-Leersietum oryzoidis in the region of Hutovo Blato is mentioned in the Prodromus of plant 

communities from Bosnia and Herzegovina (Lakušić et al. 1978). Even though the floral composition of this community is 

not published anywhere, I noted it during 2000 east of the Londža source towards Boljev kuk, on a surface area just under 

1 km 2 , which is used as a meadow. According to size, two smaller compositions are found in the region between the 

Londža spring towards the Babino oko spring. The soil of these community habitats is organogenic marshy, with a lower


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level of wetness than with the previous two associations, and very suitable for the development of the species found. Wild 

rice (Leersia oryzoides), in somewhat dryer habitats, comes under the community Leersio-Bidentetum. 

5.2.4. Terrestrial plant communities 

Even though the aim of this study was not to research terrestrial plant communities, they were categorized when possible. 

A one-year period is inadequate for obtaining a real picture of the floral composition of terrestrial plant communities, 

including both primary those resulting from degradation. For this reason, we only make mention of those most important. 

Some are more tied to wet or occasionally wet habitats (vegetation of the order Bidentetalia tripartiti). 

Vegetation of the Bidentetalia tripartiti order belongs to a pioneer community of annual nitrophilous plants that develops 

on the shores of running and standing waters. Each year, this vegetation covers the shoreline edges that dry out during 

summer, and which are submerged again in fall. Therefore, the whole life cycle of such vegetation is very short. 

Within a period of a few months, most plants that make up this vegetation go through all the phases of their development, 

from germination to seed. Generally, fewer perennial plants stay sterile. The rapid development of this vegetation is 

usually enabled by the abundance of soil nutrients. 

1. Bidentetum tripartiti W. Koch 1926 

(Suppl. IB-Tab. VIII, relevé 1-5) 

This community is developed along the shores of the river Krupa, Škra Lake and in many spots along Deran, Londža, 

Karaotok, while it is rare in Donje Blato. The community is most developed at the end of summer, with a spread between 

60-80%. 

2. Leersio-Bidentetum (W. Koch 1926) Poli et Tx. 1960 

(Suppl. IB-Tab. VIII, relevé 6-10) 

The community Leersio-Bidentetum was sited on the left shore of Krupa River. It was irregularly developed as a belt 1,5 m 

wide, with interruptions of other marsh vegetation. Most frequently, it was in contact with the previous community or willow 

grove. This is a very pioneer community. The hydrological regime of this community’s habitat varies from flowing or 

stagnant waters to only visible wetness. In the last case, we are dealing with surfaces that were under water for a certain 

period of time. Wild rice (Leersia oryzoides) is the basis of the community, and according to literature, it is a relatively rare 

species in Central Europe, a moderate belt in Asia and North America, and is a frequent weed in rice and corn plantations 

in southern Europe (Hegi 1906-1931). Each new siting is of interest bio-geographically, and economically as a potential 

weed. Ecologically, it is interesting that the wild rice in this region develops in its upright form with normally developed 

flowering, which usually indicates, as a rule, the longer duration of a muddy ecophase. Normally developed flowering is a 

precondition for seed formation, so that this circumstance is important for the generative spreading of wild rice. 

Wild rice is a quite rare species in the Balkan peninsula. However, it is not included on the List of Rare, Endangered and 

Endemic Species of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Šilić 1994). According to the data on phytocenology, it is grouped with 

various communities, which proves how many species can be combined with wild rice, and this complicates the 

phytocenological determination of compositions. 

3. Menthetum pulegii Lkšić. 1973 

In comparison to the habitats of the previous two plant communities, the as. Menthetum pulegii occupies wet 

surfaces, similar to or identical to the Fimbristylion dichotomae alliance. The presence of this community has been 

confirmed in many areas, and the greatest surfaces are found in frontier areas between the terrestrial and marsh 

vegetation below Crno brdo, Goveđi dol and Jelim. The community is dominated by Mentha pulegium (3), and the 

following species are also present Agrostis stolonifera (1), Phalaris arudiancea (+), Bidens tripartita (+) and others. 

4. Urtico-Sambucetum ebuli Br.-Bl. 1936 

This community has been sited in various areas of the park, and it is especially well developed in Londža, above the 

spring and behind the office building in the park. The floral composition was as follows: Urtica dioica, Sambucus ebulus, 

Bromus sterilis, Galium aparine, Lamium maculatum, Silene latifolia, Xanthium spinosum, Avena sterilis, Sisymbrium 

officinale, Sonchus oleraceus, Scolymus hispanicus, Calamintha nepeta and others. 

5. Carduo-Silybetum mariani Trinajstić 1979 

The community Carduo-Silybetum mariani develops on dump sites where various construction material and other 

similar waste can be found, but with relatively poor organic matter. It has been found 500 m northeast of Škrka Lake, and 

at Svitava. The floral composition of the community not far from Škrka Lake was: Char. ass.: Silybum marianum (4); Char 

all.: Ballota foetida (3), Foeniculum vulgare (+), Galium aparine (+), Bromus sterilis (1), Plumbago europaea (1), Ecbalium 

elaterium (+), Solanum tuberosum (+); Char ord.: Carduus pycnocephalus (3), Sisymbrium officinale (2), Hordeum 

leporinum (1), Sonchus oleraceus (+), Malva sylvestris (+), M. parviflora (+), Rumex pulcher (+); Comp.: Convolvulus 

arvensis (1), Papaver rhoeas (+), Rubus ulmifolius (+), Parietaria vulgaris (+). 

6. Scolymo-Marrubietum incani Horvatić 1964 

This ruderal community found in the Illyrian-Adriatic Karst area was located below the Milankovac along the road that 

stretches from Svitava over Ostrvo towards the settlement Deran. The floral composition was dominated by the species 

Marrubium incanum (4), and the following species were also present: Scolymus hispanicus (2), Onopordon illyricum (1), 

Centaurea calcitrapa (1), Eryngium amethystinum (+) and others. 

7. Lolio-Plantaginetum majoris Beger 1930 

The ruderal community Lolio-Plantaginetum majoris belongs to the vegetation of trampled habitats, and it was found 

only at a few sites, basically around Karaotok. Alongside the species Plantago major and Lolium perenne, the following 

species were also present: Trifolium repens, Polygonum aviculare, Plantago lanceolata and others. 

8. Querco-Carpinetum orientalis Horvatić 1939 (Suppl. IB-Tab. IX, relevé 1-5; Suppl. II-Fig. 2) 

Forests and shrubs of pubescent-oak and oriental horn-beam are the climazonal type of vegetation in this region. 

The floral composition of the community indicates that we are dealing with its most thermophile variety (a large number of 

Mediterranean evergreeen holm-oak forest plants), which I believe is due to the strong influence of the Mediterranean 

climate and negligible above sea level heights. These forests have been greatly affected by anthropogenic forces, so that


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we can now find all its fragmentary or completely developed regressive (degradative) stages. 

If we apply the outdated meaning to the community Querco-Carpinetum orientalis, which is defined as the ass. 

Carpinetum orientalis “adriaticum”, we can speak of a plant stage whose largest surfaces are presently located on 

southern surfaces (Radanovac, Jelim), while pomegranate (Punica granatum) and prickly juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) 

stages are frequently found on the northern surfaces (Bjelojevići). The degradation is exceptionally great in certain areas, 

such that the forest communities gives way to the shrubs of the Paliuro-Petterion (that is, Paliurion) alliance or its various 

associations: ass. Paliuretum, and so on. 

9. Quercetum trojanae fragm. Em. 1958 (Suppl. IB-Tab. IX, relevé 6-8) 

The Herzegovina-Dalmatian part of the disjunct areal of Macedonian oak is found within pubescent-oak and oriental 

horn-beam forest. In the region of Hutovo Blato (below the Knežević kuće), this association is developed in the form of low 

degradative and very poor forests. It is composed of the following species: Celtis australis, Acer monspessulanum, 

Petteria ramentacea, Rhamnus rupestris, Colutea arborescens, Pistacia terebinthus and so on. 

10. Salicetum purpureae Wendbg. 1952 (Suppl. II-Fig. 1) 

Forests and shrubs of Salicetum purpureae make up the borderline between the marshy and water communities 

(Đurkin vir, Struge, jaruga Galebica). In the Salicetum purpureae community, a layer of lower (annual) plants cover 100% 

of the surface, mostly marsh plants. The floral composition of a community from one of the phytocoenological relevés 

(Struge, 13.5.2000, 50 m 2 ) was as follows: Salix purpurea, Fraxinus angustifolia, Caltha palustris, Carex elata, Lycopus 

eruopaeus, Leucojum aestivum, Solanum dulcamara, Galium palustre, Myosotis scorpioides, Stachys palustris, Euphorbia 

palustris, Mentha aquatica, Polygonum hydropiper. 

This community has a broad ecological amplitude, includes a number of associations and lower vegetation units 

depending on the syndynamic stages of habitat overgrowth. Other species of willow in this region do not form independent 

formations, rather they grow individually or in small groups. Forests of poplar (Populus alba, P. nigra), in their typical 

composition, are not developed, as there is a strong anthropogenic influence (Londža-Babino oko). Stands of Fraxinus 

angustifolia, especially well developed around Londža, should be ecologically and phytocenologically researched in detail. 

11-12. Periploco-Viticetum agni-casti Lkšić.; Rubo-Viticetum agni-casti Lkšić et al. 

Along the marsh edges in the north and northeastern part of Gornje Blato, the Vitex agnus-castus is part of two plant 

communities: Periploco-Viticetum agni-casti and Rubo-Viticetum agni-casti. The first takes over the edge of the marsh 

itself, which separates the marsh vegetation (and/or the vegetation of the Fimbristylion dichotomae alliance) from those 

terrestrial. Thanks to the high osmotic pressure Vitex agnus-castus has the capability of acquiring water from land that 

appears to be without water, or whose water is inaccessible for other species with lower osmotic pressure. Another 

community appears in places, only in dryer spots (Donje Blato, around Svitava) and instead of mesophyte and hygrophyte 

includes xerophyte (Rubus ulmifolius, Asparagus acutifolius and others). The exceptionally decorative species Periploca 

graeca that is found in the first association, is a vulnerable plant belonging to Bosnia and Herzegovina flora. 

13. Paliuretum adriaticum Horvatić 1958 (Suppl. IB-Tab. X, relevé 1-4) 

Even though shrubs of Paliurus australis cannot be classified with forest vegetation in the narrow sense, it is 

common to include such vegetational forms with forest vegetation, as in fact, they represent a pioneer stage in the 

development of forest vegetation, and finally, they are made up of woody species. Where the degradation is advanced, 

and where the base is rocky with a scarcity of shallow soil, there an increasing number of species in the lower layers. This 

means that these communities are slow to succeed into developed vegetational forms. However, as Paliuretum adriaticum 

develop from the degradation of thermophyle deciduous pubescent oak (oriental horn-beam) forests, they are more 

significant for the reconstruction of primary forest vegetation. 

6. Conclusion and recommendations 

Due to the sensitivity of the Donja Neretva region to a number of interactive processes, it is necessary to have plenty 

of data available upon which the preservation and development of the region can be based. This is why it is necessary to 

create a database. This is the first step in the inventory and classification of water and marsh habitats in the Bosnia and 

Herzegovina part of the Neretva Delta, which includes the Hutovo Blato natural park region since 1995. Over 600 species 

and lower taxa of vascular plants (Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) have been identified in the park region up to now. 

According to an estimate by Bjelčić (1987), Bosnia and Herzegovina has about 4,000 species of higher plants, which 

means that one sixth of the Bosnia and Herzegovina flora are located in Hutovo Blato. Today, globally, water and marshy 

habitats, with their accompanying species, are considered as being most endangered. Among the marshy and water 

plants that are threatened or rare by European standards, and which can be found in this region in relatively large 

numbers, the following stand out: Butomus umbellatus, Utricularia vulgaris, Marsilea quadrifolia and others. A total of 28 

water, marsh and terrestrial plants from this region (see Table 2, Chapter 4) can be found on the List of Rare, Endangered 

and Endemic Species of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Šilić 1994). It should be kept in mind that this list is only one way of 

looking at the status of endangered plant species. Specifically, this list does not mention species (ie. Teucrium scordium 

and some others) that can also be found in the region of Hutovo Blato, but which are noted in the List of Rare, 

Endangered and Endemic Plants of Europe (IUCN 1983), or on the lists of neighbouring country (Šugar 1994). This can 

imply that the populations of these species in Bosnia and Herzegovina are large enough so that they do not require 

special protection, or that the list needs to be revised. The flora is specially marked by the so-called Illyrian floral element, 

which includes endemic species. 

Some of the main reasons for the threat to general biological variety are: 1) change in habitat – destruction, degradation, 

fragmentation; 2) environmental pollution – soil, water, air; 3) overuse of natural resources – felling, harvesting; 4) 

transport of foreign species in the ecosystem. The disregard of generally well-known and accepted criteria of values in 

terms of the conservation of nature, the use of unsatisfactory procedures in estimating the impact of large developmental 

projects on the environment, no communication with European countries that quickly developed conservation measures of 

natural areas, and the numerous other reasons that were typical of the times for this part of Europe, all resulted in the 

destruction of habitats and endangered the related species. The results given by many projects have not justified the 

investments. The most vivid example of this is the meliorization of the Neretva Delta, which has irreparably degraded one


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of the most valuable Mediterranean marsh regions. Due to huge maintenance costs, it has been neglected agriculturally, 

and is gradually returning to its „wild“ state (Radović 1999). 

Some examples of change and degradation of habitats can be seen through the regulation of waterway, transforming 

forest regions into agrable land, drying out of marshes, and abandoning the traditional grazing methods of livestock and 

the growing of traditional cultivated plants. One of the most important reasons behind the threat to bio diversity is the 

spread of intense agricultural surfaces. A huge problem for waters and marshes is the input of greater quantities of 

organic material, which results in the fast overgrowth of marshy biotopes. The use of biological property is not based on 

actual knowledge of populations, and the intense gathering of plants (and animals), felling, as well as fires, leads to their 

direct disappearance from the ecosystem. The bringing in of alochthonous species into the ecosystem can seriously 

destroy the existing equilibrium. Species that are brought in can frequently push out autochthonous species and can 

quickly become dominant. 

The nature of marshy habitats is such that they are not permanent. Generally, shallow water surfaces become even more 

shallower relatively soon due to the sedimentation of organic and non-organic material, they become quickly overgrown, 

and finally dry out. The general impression of Gornje Blato is that it is in the silting stadium of standing watres.There are 

still free water surfaces in Jelim, Orah, Drijen and less in Škrka. According to Table 5, the water habitats in Hutovo Blato 

should be classified as mesotrophic types, which should be verified through chemical and algological research. 

Table 5. Field observations (summarised) on growth and production of selected wetland plant species in oligo-, meso- 

, eu- and hyper-eutrophic habitats (sensu Wetzel 1975; ++ = very good growth; + = good growth; (+) = poor 

growth; - = absence (also based on the author’s own opinions). 

Species Oligo- Meso- Eu- Hyper- 

Phragmites australis (+) ++ ++ (+)- 

Carex elata + ++ - - 

Phalaris arundinacea - + ++ (+)- 

Typha angustifolia - + ++ + 

T. latifolia (+) + ++ ++ 

Sparganium erectum - (+) + ++ 

Schoenoplectus lacustris + ++ (+) - 

Bolboschoenus maritimus + + + - 

Oenanathe aquatica (+) + ++ ++ 

Butomus umbellatus - + ++ - 

Eleocharis palustris - ++ (+) - 

Nuphar-Nymphaea + ++ (+) - 

It is well known how changes in the chemical composition of water undoubtedly change the floral composition, and 

accordingly, the type of vegetation. Also, changes in water depth, caused by changes in water levels or sedimentation, 

are directly correlated to changes in the types of plant communities. In this respect, the relationship between certain types 

of vegetation and chemical parameters of the water ecosystem should be defined. 

The water level in Gornje Blato during the summer months is low. However, regulating the flow of the Neretva River, 

where a few hydropower plants have been built in its upper reaches, can have an impact on vegetation growth and 

distribution in the wetland. It allows zonation of the communities (-species), which occupy different positions in relation to 

water depth. During the summer months, especially in drought years, the water level of the Neretva River decreases when 

the water is retained in the accumulation areas of the hydropower plants. In the period June-September the average 

monthly flow of the Neretva River is only 4-5 cm s -1 (Glamuzina 1986). Also, many karstic springs located around the 

marsh edges, which feed the region with water, run dry. 

In order to prevent the disappearance of rare species, canals should be maintained, treset should be used, as well as 

some other plants for industrial use. 

Other potential reasons that threaten this region are seen through the intensification of agriculture (e.g. increases in 

nutrient inputs), which finally causes of vegetation changes in wetland (Simpson et al. 1983). However, a large number of 

water (and marsh) plants are capable of adapting to sudden changes in habitat conditions (Hejný i Hroudová 1987). 

On the basis of a one-year research on the vascular flora and macrophyte vegetation of the Hutovo Blato natural park, the 

following was found: 

1. Over 600 species and lower taxa of vascular plants (Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) have been identified in 

the park region up to now. A total of 28 plants can be designed as rare, endangered and vulnerable species of 

Bosnia and Herzegovina. Some species have small populations, so they need to be protected together with 

their habitats. The most important localities (and habitats) in the park should be evaluated as special botanical 

preserves. The participants of LIFE Project and the Head of the Park need to decide which localities would be 

included in the protection, and what would be their exact markation. 

2. A total of 11 vegetation classes, of which 4 belong to water vegetation, 1 to marsh vegetation and low sedges 

vegetation, and 5 classes to terrestrial vegetation. A total of 39 associations (and stands) were determined, of 

which there are 12 associations of water vegetation, 11 of marsh vegetation, 3 of low sedges vegetation, and 13 

associations of terrestrial vegetation. 

3. Even though there is a similar number of associations for both marsh and water vegetation, marsh vegetation 

dominates over water vegetation in the park, based on surface size. Valuable marsh plant communities provide 

suitable bitopes for the breeding and resting of watre birds.


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4. The most common plant community of water vegetation is the ass. Myriophyllo-Nupharetum. It grows at the 

deepest waters. Figures 6 and 7 (Suppl. IA) show the most ideal zonal distribution of vegetation. Esthetically, 

the rare community Hottonietum palustris is especially valuable. 

5. The dominant marsh plant community that grows along the water surfaces towards the marsh is the ass. 

Phragmitetum australis. Also, community Mariscetum serrati are ecologically important, as well as the 

Hydrocotyle-Caricetum elatae association. Communities that belong to the vegetation of low sedges are 

especially important as they contain a number of rare and endangered plants. 

6. Drying of white willow (Salix Alba) presented on Fig. 8 (Suppl. IA) on the edges of water areas and ravines is a 

direct consequence of adjacent parcels which are frequently devastated by fire. Presence of various 

degradation forms of forest climate-area vegetation of pubescent oak, oriental hornbean on Fig. 9 (Suppl. IA) is 

also a direct consequence of frequent fires. 

7. Afforestation of degraded forest areas exclusively needs to be done with local autochthonous of forest trees 

from climate-area vegetation of pubescent oak and oriental hornbean. 

8. The importance of the Hutovo Blato wetland biotope is prominent when compared to the lower part of the 

Neretva River in Croatia. Except of forest formations, the overall picture of the vegetation in the Hutovo Blato 

wetland does not show serious degradation trends. Further studies are needed to establish the relationship 

between the distribution of plant communities and environmental variables. 

9. This extremely valuable region is marked by the wealthy variety of its plant world that must be preserved at all 

costs.Therefore human impact needs to be controlled.


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FORMAT FOR THE PRESENTATION OF THE NATIONAL REPORT 

ON THE APPLICATION OF THE PROTOCOL CONCERNING SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN THE 

MEDITERRANEAN 2 

I. General information 

1. Country 

The Republic of Croatia 

2. Period covered by the report. 

This is the period going from the 31 December 2003 up to April 2005. 


Ministry of Culture, 

Nature Protection Directorate 

Runjaninova 2 

HR - 10000 Zagreb 

Croatia 

Mr. Zoran Šikić, Assistant Minister 

Tel: + (385) 1 4866 102 

Fax: + (385) 1 4866 100 

Email: zoran.sikic@min-kulture.hr 

Ms. Maja Palkovic, Assistant 

Tel: + (385) 1 4866 112 

Fax: + (385) 1 4866 100 

Email: maja.palkovic@min-kulture.hr 

4. National body and other organisations and/or institutions that provided data for the establishment of the 

report. 

State Institute for Nature Protection 

Bogoviceva 1a 

HR - 10000 Zagreb 

Croatia 

Mr. Davorin Marković, Director 

Tel: + (385) 1 4874 990 

Fax: + (385) 1 4876 100 

Email: davorin.markovic@dzzp.hr 

Ms. Jasminka Radović 

Tel: + (385) 1 4874 743 

Fax: + (385) 1 4876 100 

Email: jasminka.radovic@dzzp.hr 

Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical Planning and Construction 

Department for the Protection of the Atmosphere, Soil, Sea and Coast 

Marine and Coastal Protection Unit 

Užarska 2/1 

HR - 51000 Rijeka 

Croatia 

Ms. Margita Mastrović, Head of the Unit 

Tel: + (385) 51 213 499 

Fax: + (385) 51 214 324

Email: margita.mastrović@mzopu.hr 


Annex III 

Page 81 


6. To protect, preserve and manage marine and coastal areas with a particular natural or cultural value, 

and to protect, preserve and manage endangered or threatened species of marine and coastal fauna and 

flora (article 3). 

There are about 220 areas and parts of the nature in the Mediterranean region of The Republic 

of Croatia which are protected in different categories of protection according to Croatian Nature 

Protection Low and they make about 50 % off all protected areas which are proclaimed in 

Croatia by today (Table 1). Between them exists some protected areas which are particularly 

important in sense of preservation and protection of marine and costal region of the 

Mediterranean: National Park Kornati, National Park Mljet, National Park Brijuni, Nature Park 

Telašćica, Nature Park Vransko Lake, the Neretva Delta which is by today just partially protected 

according to Nature Protection Low, but like a unit represents very important Ramsar site, 

Special Marine reserve Malostonski zaljev and Special Marine reserve Limski zaljev. The living 

organisms and their diversity are less threatened in protected areas than in others, but protection 

of particular plant and animal species contributes to conservation of rich diversity of Croatian 

living world. 572 plant species and 476 animal species are protected in Croatia until today. 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 

national 

park 

nature 

park 

strict 

reserve 

special 

reserve 

park forest 

protected 

landscape 

The list of selected legal instruments, relevant to the Mediterranean SPA Protocol is presented below: 

• The Nature Protection Act (Official Gazette No. 162/2003); 

• The Act on Maritime Domain and Sea Harbours (Official Gazette No. 158/2003); 

• The Maritime Code (Official Gazette Nos. 17/1994, 74/1994, 43/1996, and 181/2004); 

• The National Environment Strategy (Official Gazette No. 46/2002); 

• The National Environmental Action Plan (Official Gazette No. 46/2002); 

• The National Strategy and Action Plan for the Protection of Biological and Landscape Diversity (NSAP) 

(Official Gazette No. 81/1999); 

• The Islands Act (Official Gazette No. 34/1999) 

• The National Contingency Plan for Accidental Marine Pollution in the Republic of Croatia (Official 

Gazette No. 8/1997); 

• The Ordinance on the Changes and Additions of the Ordinance on the Level of the Compensation of the 

Damage caused with Unlawful Activities Regarding the Protected Animal Species (Official Gazette No. 

79/2002); 

Table 1. Protected areas in Croatian Mediterranean Region


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Page 82 

• The Ordinance on Conditions for the Investigations in Specially Protected Areas of the Nature on the 

Seabed and its Subsoils of the Territorial Waters of Croatia (Official Gazette No. 97/1998); 

• The Ordinance on Veterinary-Health Criteria for Fishing, Growing, Purification and Trade of Live 

Shellfish (Official Gazette No. 129/1999, 16/2000); 

• Decision on the Enactment of the Physical Plan of the National Park Kornati (Official Gazette Nos. 

2/1990, 118/2003); 

• Decision on the Enactment of the Physical Plan of the National Park Paklenica (Official Gazette No. 

23/2001); 

• Decision on the Enactment of the Physical Plan of the National Park Brijuni (Official Gazette No. 

45/2001); 

• Decision on the Enactment of the Physical Plan of the National Park Mljet (Official Gazette No. 

23/2001); and 

• Decision on the Enactment of the Physical Plan of the National Park Krka (Official Gazette Nos. 1/1990, 

22/1992). 

• The Act on Kornati National Park (Official Gazette Nos. 31/1980, 14/1988, 13/1997); 

• The Act on Brijuni National Park and Memorial Area (Official Gazette No. 46/1983, 57/1989, 5/1990, 

45/1999); 

• The Act on the Proclamation of the Krka National Park (Official Gazette Nos. 5/1985, 9/1988, 13/1997); 

• The Act on the Proclamation of the National Park of the Western Part of the Island of Mljet (Official 

Gazette Nos. 49/1960, 54/1976, 13/1997); 

• The Act on the Proclamation of the Forest Paklenica National Park (Official Gazette Nos. 84/1949, 

34/1965, 54/1976, 15/1997); 

• The Act on the Proclamation of the Northern Velebit National Park (Official Gazette No. 58/1999); 

• The Act on the Proclamation of Biokovo Natural Park (Official Gazette No. 24/1981); 

• The Act on the Proclamation of Telaščica Natural Park (Official Gazette No. 14/1988); 

• The Act on the Proclamation of Učka Natural Park (Official Gazette No. 45/1999); 

• The Act on the Proclamation of Hajdučki i Rožanski Kukovi Strict Reserve (Official Gazette No. 

4/1969); 

• The Act on the Proclamation of the forest Dundo on the Island of Rab as Special Reserve (Official 

Gazette No. 7/1963, 34/1965); 

• The Act on the Proclamation of the Natural Park Vransko Lake (Official Gazette No. 77/1999); 

• The Ordinance on the protection of the Date-shell (Lithophaga lithophaga) (Official Gazette No. 

86/2002); 

• The Ordinance on the Protection of Amphibia (Official Gazette No. 80/1999); 

• The Ordinance on the Protection of several Genuses of Reptiles (Official Gazette No. 47/1995); 

• The Ordinance on the Protection of several Genuses of Birds (Official Gazette No. 43/1995); 

• The Ordinance on the Protection of several Genuses of Mammals (Official Gazette No. 31/1995); 

• The Ordinance on the Protection of Holothuria (Official Gazette No. 76/1998); 


Besides the existing ones (Brijuni National Park, Telašćica Nature Park, Kornati National Park, Mljet 

National Park, Malostonski Zaljev Special Marine Reserve, Limski Zaljev Special Marine Reserve, Učka 

Nature Park, North Velebit National Park, Velebit Nature Park, Paklenica National Park, Vransko Lake 

Nature Park, Krka National Park, Biokovo Nature Park, Hajdučki and Rožanski Kukovi Strict Reserve), 

there are potential protected areas: 

• Lastovo – and the adjacent island groups of Vrhovnjaci and Lastovci are in process to be protected in 

the category of nature park. 

• Cres-Lošinj archipelago - the project for evaluation of the area, as a potential marine reserve (special 

zoological reserve) important for dolphins and sea turtles was implemented in 2002-2003 and process 

for proclamation is in progress. 

• Neretva Delta - the evaluation process for a potential SPAMI site was started in 2003. Preparations are 

being made for proclamation of this area protected in category of Nature Park. 

• Vransko jezero - evaluation process for a potential SPAMi site



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Page 83 

Indicate what legal and/or administrative measures have been taken during the period under review to 

apply the provisions of article 6 of the protocol within the specially protected areas, and in particular the 

measures concerning : 

a) Strengthening the application of the other Protocols to the Convention and of other relevant 

treaties to which they are Parties (article 6 a); 

No special measures were taken. 

b) Prohibiting the dumping or discharge of wastes liable to harm the protected areas (article 6 b) ; 

Existing legislative and administrative measures regarding dumping also apply to specially 


i. Maritime Domain and Sea Harbours Act (Official Gazette No. 158/2003) 

ii. Maritime Code (Official Gazette Nos. 17/1994, 74/1994, 43/1996, and 181/2004) 

iii. 

The most relevant provisions for the specially protected areas in the Maritime Domain and Sea 

Harbours Act (Official Gazette No. 158/2003) are: 

It is prohibited to throw, discard or discharge into the sea and on the coast solid, liquid 

and gaseous substances that pollute maritime property (Article 88); 

• The Ministry for Environmental Protection, Physical Planning and Construction is prescribing a 

list of matters that are prohibited to dispose off into the sea and a list of matters that can be 

disposed off with a permit (Article 88); 

• The disposal of materials on the coast or into the sea is allowed only with the adequate permit 

from the responsible authorities for protection of the environment and construction (Article 89); 

and 

• Ships are allowed to dispose off or discharge solid and liquid waste, oily waters and faecal 

waste only into the specific reception facilities (Article 90). 

The most relevant provisions for the specially protected areas in the Maritime Code (Official 

Gazette Nos. 17/1994, 74/1994, 43/1996, and 181/2004) are: 

• Maritime inspectors of the Ministry of Sea, Tourism, Transport and Development are 

responsible for the implementation of the maritime code, including provisions regarding 

dumping and pollution of the sea (Article 180); 

• Inspecting surveys include particularly Croatian and foreign vessels in Croatian harbours and 

the protection of the sea from pollution from vessels (Article 181); and 

• Inspecting surveys, as defined in the Article 181, including checking whether a vessel has 

adequate certificates as envisaged by the MARPOL 73/78 Convention (Article 182). 


Existing legislative and administrative measures regarding sailing of ships also apply to specially 



According to the Nature Protection Act (Official Gazette No. 162/2003) and the Islands Act 

(Official Gazette No. 34/1999) it is prohibited to import and raise game that is not endemic to the 

island. 

The process of collecting information about IAS and drafting of national list of IAS started 

under the framework of European Strategy for Invasive Alien Species. 


The existing legislation stipulates further instruments to regulate activities in protected areas: 

i. The Physical Plan for the Area of Special Characteristics 

ii. The Management Plan


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Page 84 

iii. The Ordinance on the Internal Order 

iv. The Annual Programme of the Maintenance, Protection, Enhancement and Usage of the Park 

The problem is that still no protected area has its management plan, although five Croatian 

national parks in the coastal region have valid physical plans, which offer certain level of 

protection. The following instruments regulate various levels of management of the protected 

areas: 


The regular procedure according to the Nature Protection Act is issuing of permits for scientific 

research activities within specially protected areas from the Ministry of Culture, Nature 

Protection Directorate. 

The Ordinance on Conditions for the Investigations in Specially Protected Areas of Nature on 

the Seabed and its Subsoil of the Territorial Waters of Croatia (Official Gazette No. 97/1998) is 

legal instrument that regulates scientific research activities in specially protected areas. 

g) Regulating fishing, hunting, the taking of animals, and the harvesting of plants as well as the 

trade in animals or parts of animals, of plants or parts of plants coming from the protected areas. 

The following legal instruments deal with this subject: 

• Ordinance on Veterinary-Health Criteria for Fishing, Growing, Purification and Trade of Live 

Shellfish (Official Gazette Nos. 129/1999, 16/2000); 

• Ordinance on the Protection of the Date-shell (Lithophaga lithophaga) as strictly protected 

species was enacted in 2002 (Official Gazette No. 86/2002); 

• The Ordinance on the Protection of several Genuses of Reptiles (Official Gazette No. 47/1995); 

• The Ordinance on the Protection of several Genuses of Birds (Official Gazette No. 43/1995); 

• The Ordinance on the Protection of several Genuses of Mamals (Official Gazette No. 31/1995); 

• The Ordinance on the Protection of Holothuria (Official Gazette No. 76/1998); 

• The ordinance on the collecting of wild plants for the purpose of processing, trading and other 

types of traffic (Official Gazette No. 100/2004); 

The existing regulations have been applied. The non-existence of management plans remains a 

problem but for some coastal areas management plans are drafting or will be draft within 

international projects. 

9. Concerning planning, management supervision and monitoring of the specially protected areas (article 7); 

The Lower Neretva valley is the Ramsar site located partly in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Hutovo blato) and 

partly in the Republic of Croatia (the Neretva Delta). In 2001, in cooperation between the Ministry of 

Environmental Protection, Physical Planning and Construction of the Republic of Croatia and the Ministry of 

Construction, Physical Planning and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 

(Hercegovina-Neretva County) and with the financial support from the Ramsar Convention Small Grant 

Fund, the project entitled Preparation of the Transboundary Management Plan for the Lower Neretva Valley 

was completed. 

The purpose of the activities performed was to make the proposal of the project for the preparation of a 

transboundary management plan as the basis for the beginning of cooperation and its further realisation, as 

well as for finding the necessary financial resources. As part of the project, an extensive documentation on 

the Lower Neretva valley was prepared, which will serve for further assessment and conservation of this area. 

A management plan will be prepared as soon as Delta Neretva Nature Park is established and financial 

resources are secured. 


National Biological and Landscape Diversity Protection Strategy with an Action Plan (NSAP) (Official 

Gazette No. 81/1999)


Annex III 

Page 85 

Biodiversity in the Adriatic Sea is all the more endangered due to the pollution of the sea, 

unsustainable use of biological resources and the non-abiding of laws. 

The strategic aim of NSAP is sustainable management of the biological resources of the sea, and 

the decrease of the pollution of the sea from various sources as is the conservation of existing 

biodiversity and the traits of the coast and the islands. 

The strategic direction for the protection of biological resources of the Adriatic Sea is to coordinate 

activities with countries that use this sea on the basis of harmonised national and common 

programmes under the auspices of the General Fishery Council for the Mediterranean (GFCM) of 

FAO. 

The following activities that are being implemented in cooperation with UNEP and GEF are described below: 

• The Adriatic Dolphin Project; 

• The Save the Last Adriatic Dolphins Project; 

• The Mediterranean Monk Seal activity; 

• The Adriatic Marine Turtle Programme; 

• The Centre for the Saving of Sea Turtles activity; 

• The protection and the growth in awareness on the endangered endemic species Posidonia oceanica 

Project; 

• Mljet National Park habitats Project; and 

• Biological and geological valorisation of the coastal region of the island of Ćutin. 

In addition to those activities the most important for the marine environment are: 

• Protection of sea caves; 

• Protection of the Maloston Bay from pollution; and 

• Determining and mapping the distribution of meadows of marine flowering plants and places of their 

extinction due to human impact. 

Action Plans for Threatened Species Adopted and Implemented within the Framework of MAP 

Dolphins 

The Adriatic Dolphin Project is the longest consistent study of bottlenose dolphins in the Mediterranean Sea. 

The project is a result of the cooperation between Blue World NGO and the Croatian Natural History 

Museum. The aim of the project is to undertake the research of the dolphins that frequent the Lošinj-Cres area 

and also raise public awareness through lectures, media presentations and interaction with other 

environmentally minded individuals and organisations. Programmes range from day to day research in the 

field and the organisation of Dolphin Day in Veli Lošinj. A proposal was submitted to the Ministry for 

Environmental Protection, Physical Planning and Construction for the establishment of the Special 

Zoological Reserve under the Nature Protection Act. Such reserve would strengthen Croatian commitment to 

the Bern and Barcelona Conventions and to the ACCOBAMS (Agreement for the Protection of Cetaceans in 

the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area). 

The Save the Last Adriatic Dolphins Project, is implemented by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 

University of Zagreb. This project involves a research of cetacean anatomy, pathology, genetics and their 

temporal and spatial distribution in the Adriatic Sea. Research is carried out through the collection of 

stranded animals and their post-mortem and through field data collection. The Veterinary Faculty is 

particularly active in the area of the Kornati National Park were a photo-identification of dolphins is carried 

out to be processed in a corresponding database. 

Mediterranean Monk Seal 

The Mediterranean Monk Seal group has been active for the last several years with the research of habitats 

where the Mediterranean Monk Seal used to live. Funds for several projects were received from the Ministry 

for Environmental Protection, Physical Planning and Construction 

Sea Turtles


Annex III 

Page 86 

The Adriatic Marine Turtle Programme was initiated in 1993, in organization of the Zoological Department 

of the Croatian Natural History Museum in Zagreb, and in cooperation with Croatian and Slovenian 

oceanographic institutes, aquariums and natural history museums along the coast. Research activities of the 

Adriatic Marine Turtle Programme are divided into three scientific projects: 

(i) Preliminary research on marine turtles along the eastern Adriatic coast was 

carried out in the period from 1993 to 1995. Activities were focused towards research of 

frequency of finding turtles (capture), use (purpose) of captured specimens, etc., in order to 

make a preliminary picture on marine turtles in the Adriatic; 

(ii) The Beach Survey Project shall be implemented in two phases. The main 

goal of the first phase, which was proposed, is to investigate a number of beaches from Split 

to Cavtat that are suitable as nesting sites. For this purpose a preliminary aerial survey of 

whole area, and detailed beach inspection for research on beach parameters (dimension, tide 

frontier, vegetation, pollution, exposition, depth of sand layer, sand temperature, etc.) is 

planned. The second phase of the project, which will be proposed later, shall focus on 

studying the frequency and reasons for the coming-on-shore and existence of possible 

nesting activities of marine turtles in the Adriatic. This proposal will be based on the results of 

the first phase; and 

(iii) The Tagging Project. The main aims of this Project are, to study, through 

tagging along the Croatian coast: (i) the migration and (ii) the wintering patterns of marine 

turtles in the Adriatic. Furthermore, the outreach activities that should follow the research (iii. 

public awareness program) will help in (iv) the active protection of species (in regard to the 

minimization of incidental catch and exploitation), and (v) the protection of some habitats), 

according to the results of the Project. 

The Centre for the Saving of Sea Turtles exists in the Pula Aquarium. This Centre was established through 

the programme of the Zoological Department of the Croatian Museum of Natural History in Zagreb. The 

activities of the Centre include the tagging of sea turtles in the field. Upon receiving information from 

fishermen, turtles are taken to the Aquarium and after recovery they are tagged and released back into the sea. 

Posidonia Oceanica 

The protection and the growth in awareness on the endangered endemic species Posidonia oceanica, is a 

Project implemented by the «Green Istria» Society. The main goal of this project is to inform and educate the 

public, local inhabitants of the Medulin and Ližnjan Counties, fisherman, children and tourists about the 

richness and importance of the Posidonia oceanica meadows. The main sponsor of this project is the 

Croatian Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical Planning and Construction. The project was also 

supported by the foundation Milieukontakt Oost Europa from The Netherlands. 

Only a few decades ago, Posidonia oceanica meadows were widely distributed along the whole Istrian coast. 

Today, Posidonia meadows can be found only along the south Istrian coast, in the municipalities of Ližnjan 

and Medulin. Posidonia is slowly being replaced by the flowering plant Cymodocea nodosa, which is more 

resistant to pollution and organic load into water. In Croatia Posidonia oceanica has the status of a sensitive 

and potentially endangered species. In the “National report on biological diversity in the marine and coastal 

area of the Republic of Croatia”, adopted in 2002, the permanent monitoring and mapping of Posidonia 

meadows were listed as one of the priorities. This project is following the strategy presented in the 

biodiversity report. 

Activities started in May 2003. 6000 educational leaflets, 1500 stickers, 1500 postcards¸ and 600 posters in 

several languages were published during 2003. A travelling underwater photography exhibition was 

presented in several Istrian towns. An underwater film about Posidonia oceanica meadows with subtitles in 

English, German and Italian was produced. 

Habitats 

Project “Evaluation of protection efficiency of marine habitats in Mljet national Park and guidelines for 

improving conservation”. The Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning negotiated the Project with the 

donors (SPA RAC, Tunisia and Monaco) and supervised its implementation. This Project was implemented 

in 2002 by Dubrovnik Laboratory of the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split.


Annex III 

Page 87 

Project “Biological and geological valorisation of the coastline and submarine area of the islands of Ćutin 

Veli and Ćutin Mali” with the view of establishing a conservation area. The Ministry of Environment and 

Physical Planning negotiated the Project with the donor (Monaco) and supervised its implementation. This 

Project was implemented in 2003 by the Natural History Museum of Rijeka. 

11. To regulate the introduction of non-indigenous or genetically modified species 

(article 13); 

Invasive algae Caulerpa taxifolia was discovered in Starigradski zaljev, Island of Hvar (1994), 

Malinska, island of Krk (1994) and in Barbatski kanal, island of Rab (1996). On these localities 

previous years experts has been trying to eradicate this algae through different projects financed by 

the Government of Croatia and local authorities. The methodology used consisted of sucking-out 

organisms using big pumps in the vicinity of Malinska and with covering large areas with black folia 

in the vicinity of Stari Grad. Investigations which were made at the and of 2004 th are showing that 

algae Caulerpa taxifolia was completely removed from Barbatski kanal, in Malinska is almost 

completely removed (there are still only few very small localities) but in Starigradski zaljev still exist 

big areas covered with this algae. There are some action plans for this and next years. 

Action plan: 

- prohibition of anchoring and fishing in finding sites 

- complete removing of smaller finding sites in Starigradski zaljev 

- complete removing of all finding sites in Malinska 

- removing algae on the edge of main finding site in Starogradski zaljev 

- education of employees in parks and local people 

- further investigations 

Regarding the algae Caulerpa racemosa, its first finding site was near Pakleni islands, but 

because of its very fast spreading today we have finding sites of these algae in the whole 

south Adriatic. 

Action plan: 

- removing of algae on entrance in Veliko Lake in National Park Mljet 

- further investigation (especially regarding biological removing) 

- education of employees in parks and local people 

In 2003 the environmental impact assessment was requested for the introduction of the rainbow 

trout into mariculture in Croatia. Although this species had previously been introduced into 

freshwater ecosystems in Croatia, it is new for marine ecosystems. The procedure is not yet 

finished. 


No exemptions were granted. 


13. List the specially protected areas established under the terms of article 5. 

Neretva Delta - the evaluation process for a potential SPAMI site was started in 2003. 

Preparations are being made for proclamation of this area protected in category of Nature Park. 

Vransko jezero - evaluation process for a potential SPAMi site 

14. Proposals made to include the areas subject to national jurisdiction on the SPAMI list 

(Article 9 a) 




during the period under review, with the date on which each of the proposals was submitted.


Annex III 

Page 88 



(article 23a) 


Provide an updated list indicating the status and situation of the areas subject to national 

jurisdiction included on the SPAMI list during the period under review, and briefly describe any 

modifications made to the delimitation or the legal status of the SPAMIs indicating if they were 

established before or during the period under review. 


Indicate if any changes have been made to the legal status of protected species during the 

period under review. If there have been, describe them briefly. 


13.2). 

Provide information on the presence of new non-indigenous or genetically modified species 

liable to be harmful. 



ecosystems; 





Provide information on the date of establishment or updating of the inventories mentioned in 

paragraphs a) to c) above, during the period under review. Attach copies of the inventories in 

question (if the occurred during the period under review). 

19. Exemptions granted to protection measures articles 12,18,23 c). 

Provide a list of exemptions to protection measures granted under the terms of articles 12, 18 and 

23 c during the period under review. In each case, indicate briefly the reasons for the exemption. 











Describe the developments that occurred during the period under review in the implementation 

of action plans (in case of no action, please indicate the reasons for lack of action) 



to the Protocol.


Annex III 

Page 89 

IV. Brief description of all problems or constraints encountered in the application of the Protocol 

1. Urbanization and illegal building, particularly illegal building of houses along our coast represents 

serious threat for conservation of Croatian coastal zone. 

2. Croatia is becoming every year more and more popular like tourist destination and mass tourism 

can soon become serious threat. 

3. Building oil pipeline through Croatia (that would make Croatia transit Country for exporting Russian 

oil) represents potential threat for Adriatic Sea, especially because of big amounts of ballast waters 

which would, in that case, be brought by tankers. Enhanced number of tankers in Adriatic Sea 

increase probability for oil spill accidents and polluting great part of our coast for the long term with 

non-recoverable damages. 

CYPRUS NATIONAL REPORT 

ON THE APPLICATION OF THE PROTOCOL CONCERNING SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN 

THE MEDITERRANEAN 4 

Meeting of National Focal Points - June 2005 

I. General Information 

1. Country: CYPRUS 

2. Period Covered by the Report: June 2003 – March 2005 

3. National Body responsible for drawing up the report: 

Department of Fisheries and Marine Research, Eolou 13, Nicosia 2416, Cyprus. 

Author: Myroula Hadjichristophorou, Senior Fisheries and Marine Research Officer 

4. National body and other organizations and/or institutions that provided data for the 

establishment of the report 

List the names and addresses of the bodies others than those mentioned above under point 3 that 

contributed to the present report by providing information and data. 

None. 





Of six marine or marine/coastal areas, which were identified in an earlier study (1998- 

2000) aimed at implementing the Habitats Directive 92/43 and Bird Directive 79/409 as potential 

Natura 2000 sites, five were proposed to the EC towards the end of 2004 as Natura 2000 sites. 

These were Nisia, Cape Greco, Cape Aspro, Moulia and Polis – Yialia (Polis/Limni area). This was 

done on the basis of the Protection and Management of Nature and Wildlife Law, 153(Ι)/2003 (This 

law was passed on the 03/10/2003 and in effect implements the Habitats Directive and partly the 

Birds Directive). A sixth area, Akamas, is pending, though the Lara/Toxeftra Reserve, within the 

Akamas marine area, is already protected on the basis of the Fisheries legislation. In addition to 

these marine/coastal areas a seventh area, the Larnaca Salt Lakes area (a coastal wetland) was 

proposed to the EC to be listed as a Natura 2000 site. 


Indicate what legal and/or administrative measures have been adopted and/or implemented 

during the period under review to establish marine and coastal specially protected areas. 

4 This new format is in conformity with the reporting system set up within the framework of the 

Barcelona Convention and adopted by the Contracting Parties during their 13 th meeting (Catania, 

November 2003) 

- The information requested should be presented synthetically and the report should not 

exceed 6 pages (approximately 3000 words) 

- The reports should be drafted in English or in French and be sent in electronic form to 

car-asp@rac-spa.org.tn by the deadline of 1 st March 2005. 




Annex III 

Page 90 

See 6 above. In addition the Fisheries Law was amended in 2004 giving powers to the 

Minister of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment to declare marine protected 

areas, where fishing, the passage of vessels etc is prohibited, for marine species 

conservation purposes. 




in particular the measures concerning: 

a) Strengthening the application of the other Protocols to the Convention and other treaties 

(article 6 a); 

The other Protocols are not relevant to the particular existing marine protected area 

b) Prohibiting the dumping or discharge of wastes liable to harm the protected areas (article 6 

b) ; 

There are no discharges or dumping in the Lara/Toxeftra area 


The Lara/Toxeftra Reserve area is patrolled in the nesting season and boats of any 

kind are prohibited in the area 


The Fisheries legislation provisions on imports of live aquatic animals was 

implemented 


No regulation proved necessary 


These were strictly controlled by the DFMR in the Lara/Toxeftra by the existing 

legislation. The new law on the “Protection and Management of Nature and Wildlife” 

153(Ι)/2003, requires a permit for any research on protected species and habitats 

g) Regulating fishing, hunting, the taking of animals, and the harvesting of plants as well as the 

trade in animals or parts of animals, of plants or parts of plants coming from the protected 

areas. 

Implementation of existing regulations on prohibitions under the Fisheries legislation on 

fishing etc in the Lara/Toxeftra Reserve during the nesting season – see below. Hunting is 

prohibited in the Larnaca Salt lakes by the provisions of the Game and Wildlife Law also the 

collection of Artemia and their cysts is prohibited under the Fisheries legislation. 

Implementation of CITES is also relevant. 

25. Concerning planning and management of the specially protected areas (article 7); 

Indicate and briefly describe what legal and/or administrative measures have been taken during 

the period under review to plan, manage and control the specially protected areas. 

Of the seven areas mentioned above as proposed Natura 2000 sites, three have already been 

studied under the MedMPA project and management plans have been proposed. The Akamas 

management plan already prepared is being deliberated. Tender specifications have been 

prepared for the drafting of the management plan for the Polis – Yialia area. 

The protection and management of the Lara/Toxeftra Reserve was implemented, as in the past, 

by the Department of Fisheries and Marine Research on the basis of the existing Regulations 

(Fisheries Regulations, 1989). 

In the Polis/Limni area, which so far has the status of a Coastline for Ecological Protection, on 

the basis of the Town and Country Planning Legislation, the Fisheries Department also 

undertook the implementation of some management measures, which in combination with the 

Fisheries Law provisions in the marine area provided some, though incomplete protection. 

In addition the new legislation passed i.e., the Protection and Management of Nature and Wildlife 

Law, 153(Ι)/2003, has provisions that are relevant inter alia to the conservation and management 

of marine/coastal habitats. This law was passed on the 03/10/2003 and in effect implements the 

Habitats Directive (and partly the Birds Directive) and the habitats listed are those 

protected/listed under the Habitats Directive. 

See also “6” above. 



review to apply the measures under article ll of the Protocol, in particular measures aimed at 

regulating or prohibiting : a)the taking, possession,, killing, trade, transport and exhibition for 

commercial purposes of protected species of fauna, their eggs, parts and products, b) the 

disturbance of wild fauna during critical biological periods and c) the destruction or disturbance 

of species of protected flora.


Annex III 

Page 91 

There are a number of provisions in the Fisheries legislation regarding the provisions of article 

11 which have been implemented effectively for many years by the Department of Fisheries and 

Marine Research. There relate to the taking, possession, killing, trade etc of protected marine 

species and eggs and their parts or derivatives. In the Lara/Toxeftra Turtle Reserve the main 

provisions are: no boats or fishing is allowed in waters shallower than 20 m (about 1-1.5 km from 

the shore), the public is not allowed on the beaches at night, driving on the beaches is 

prohibited. All nests are protected by cages. Trawling is prohibited in shallow waters (less than 

50m) where the Posidonia beds are. The DFMR enforced these regulations during the period 

under review. 

In addition the new legislation passed i.e., the Protection and Management of Nature and 

Wildlife Law, 153(Ι)/2003, has provisions that are relevant to marine/coastal species that are 

protected under this law. This law in effect implements the Habitats Directive (and partly the 

Birds Directive) and the species listed are those protected/listed under the Habitats Directive. 



review to regulate the voluntary or accidental introduction into nature of non-indigenous or 

genetically modified species and prohibit those that could have adverse effects on the 

ecosystems, habitats or species in the area to which this protocol applies. Also indicate what 

legal and/or administrative measures have been taken during the period under review to ensure 

the eradication of harmful species already introduced. 

The Fisheries legislation provides for the control of all imported aquatic species and the DFMR 

implemented the provisions of this legislation during the period under review. Emphasis was 

given to the prevention of introductions. The eradication of alien species in the marine 

environment is not considered feasible. 

The new legislation passed i.e., the Protection and Management of Nature and Wildlife Law, 

153(Ι)/2003, also has provisions that are relevant to introductions of species. This law was 

passed on the 03/10/2003 and in effect implements the Habitats Directive. 


Indicate what exemptions to the prohibitions prescribed in the annexes have been granted 

during the period under review. 

None. 



Provide a list of the specially protected areas established under article 5 of the Protocol at the 

end of the period under review. In this list, indicate with the appropriate annotations, which 

areas had already been established at the beginning of the period, and which were established 

during the actual period under review. 

• Lara/Toxeftra Reserve (Established 1989) 

• Seven other areas are “in the pipeline”. Two of these, the Larnaca Salt Lakes and 

Polis/Yialia, already have the status of partially protected areas through other legislation 

(Fisheries, Game and Town and Country Planning legislation and/or Decisions of the 

Council of Ministers) 

30. Proposals made to include the areas subject to national jurisdiction on the SPAMI list (Article 9a) 




during the period under review, with the date on which each of the proposals was submitted. 

None 



(article 23a) 

None 

b) Any modification in the delimitation or the legal status of the SPAMI (article 23 b) 

None 

Provide an updated list indicating the status and situation of the areas subject to national 

jurisdiction included on the SPAMI list during the period under review, and briefly describe any 

modifications made to the delimitation or the legal status of the SPAMIs indicating if they were 

established before or during the period under review. 

None 

32. Any modification to the legal status of protected species.


Annex III 

Page 92 

Indicate if any changes have been made to the legal status of protected species during the 

period under review. If there have been, describe them briefly. 

The appendices of the Protection and Management of Nature and Wildlife Law, 

153(Ι)/2003, list the species that are protected under this law. This law was passed on the 

03/10/2003 and in effect implements the Habitats Directive (and partly the Birds Directive) 

and the species listed are those protected/listed under the Habitats Directive. 


13.2). 

Provide information on the presence of new non-indigenous or genetically modified species 

liable to be harmful. 

There have been some new Lessepsian immigrants. Whether these species are “liable to 

be harmful,” or not, remains to be seen and cannot be predicted. No GMS were 

introduced. Inventories of the components of biological diversity (article 15). 


ecosystems; 



c) Attach the inventory/s unless they have already been submitted in a special report 

Inventory using the standard data format (SDF) 

Provide information on the date of establishment or updating of the inventories mentioned in 

paragraphs a) to c) above, during the period under review. Attach copies of the inventories in 

question. 

Under the Life project “Areas of Conservation” an identification of potential areas and species 

(terrestrial and marine) was undertaken in 1998-2000. This has been refined further in 2004. A 

database exists (BioCyprus) which includes both terrestrial and marine species and habitats of 

fauna and flora. 

Exemptions granted to protection measures articles 12,18,23 c).Provide a list of exemptions to 

protection measures granted under the terms of articles 12, 18 a 23 c during the period under 

review. In each case, indicate briefly the reasons for the exemption: None 



Cetaceans are protected in Cyprus since 1971. In the period under review experiments 

with different kinds of acoustic pingers have been experimented with, to minimise damage 

to fishing nets and reduce reactions by fishermen. These studies are ongoing. 


Ad hoc monitoring of sea caves took place. In addition in the framework of the MedMPA 

project for the development of protected areas in Cyprus, the current presence of Monk 

seal in Akamas was confirmed by marine scientists. Given the importance of the existence 

of a Cypriot population of this species for its survival in the region, monitoring of sea 

caves, with a training component, was requested from RAC/SPA for the Autumn 2005. 


In the period under review the turtle conservation project was continued and training 

courses for UNEP/MAP (RAC/SPA) sponsored trainees were carried out by the DFMR in 

cooperation with the Cyprus Wildlife Society 

Action plan for the conservation of marine vegetation. 

Trawling was controlled in water deeper than 50m. As of November 2004 the VMS 

(Vessel Monitoring System) was implemented aiding the enforcement of the law. The 

use of the VMS was covered by amendments of the Fisheries Law and Regulations. 

Action plan for the conservation of cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyans) in the 

Mediterranean sea: This is under study at the present time 


Mediterranean sea: All imports of aquatic species were controlled by the DFMR through 

its import licence legislation. 

Describe the developments that occurred during the period under review in the implementation 

of action plans (in case of no action, please indicate the reasons for lack of action). See above 



to the Protocol. 

IV. Brief description of all problems or constraints encountered in the application of the 

Protocol 

No serious problems were faced

General information : 

1- Country: Egypt. 

2- Period cover of the report: 2003 – March 2005. 

National Report of Egypt For 

The 7 meeting of The National Focal Point 

RAC /SPA 

Seville – Spain 


Annex III 

Page 93 

3- National body responsible for drawing up the report: Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs 

(MSEA) – Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency ( EEAA) – Nature Conservation Sector (NCS) . 

4- National body and other organizations /or institutions that provided data for the establishment 

of the report : Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency ( EEAA) – Nature Conservation Sector (NCS) . 

Address: 30 Misr Helwan El Zyrae – Maadi – Cairo , Egypt . 

Telephone : 00202 5248792 

Fax : 00202 5248792 

E- mail : Foudamos@link.net 

Hamiednature@hotmail.com 

II .Legal and / or administrative measures : 

6- Law 102 of 1983 for Protected Areas.( see attached ) 

Law 4 of 1994 for the Environment ( article 28 ) 

Law 53 of 1965 for Agriculture ( article 17 ) 

Law 124 of 1983 for fisheries 

Prime Minister decree no 1429 of 1985 adjusted by Prime Ministerial Decree no 3379 of 1996 for 

Zaranik Protected Area(230km² ) 

Prime Minister decree no 1444 of 1998 for Lake Burullus Protected Area (460km²) . 

Prime Minister decree no 671 of 1986 adjusted by Prime Ministerial Decree no 90 of 1996 for Omayed 

Protected Area 700 km² ) . 

International convention that Egypt signed and ratified : 

Since 1936, Egypt has been party to a number of international and regional conventions concerning 

nature conservation and sustainable development . According to Article 151 of the “ Egyptian constitution 

“ any regional and international convention to which Egypt is a party becomes the law in the land of Egypt 

and takes precedence over Egyptian legislation .The most relevant of these are :. 

CBD 

CMS 

RAMSAR 

AEWA 

CITIES 

7- To Establishment of marine and coastal specially protected areas(article5) : 

Specific sites along the Mediterranean coast were selected to evaluate the state of environment and 

biodiversity . 

Addition information were collected on endangered and threatened species ,this was followed by 

preparing a documents were submitted to the World Bank for funding , till now no action were taken . 

Three coastal specially protected areas declared under law 102 / 1983 for Protected Areas they are : 

a. Zaranik Protected Area : located at the eastern end of Lake Bardawil north Sinai, the area is shallow 

salt lagoon accommodate with halophytic vegetation Extensive mud flats and salt marches. Sand dunes 

dominate the landscape of the southern part. Zaranik is a bottleneck for migrating water birds. Every 

autumn hundreds of thousands of water birds passes through Zaranik, hunting is illegal and controlled by 

the staff rangers. Some 270 bird species have been reported in Zaranik 

b. Lake Burullus: a large, shallow fresh to brackish coastal lagoon located between the two Nile branches 

forming Delta .The lake is separated from the sea by sand dune barrier with varies width, there are some 

50 islands scattered throughout the lake, Burullus islet (Bughaz) located at the north east is the only direct 

connection with the Mediterranean. Salinity decreases towards the south and west as the distance from 

the islet (Bughaz). Fresh water reach the lake from six drains canal from the south. The north shores of 

the lake are dominated by salt marches and extensive reed swamps, which covered about 25% of the 

lake area, border mudflats while the southern shores. Lake Burullus is one of Egypt’s most important 

wetland for wintering waterfowl. 

c. Omayed : located at the eastern province of the north coast , 80 km west Alexandria . Six major habitats 

are found in Omayed : coastal sand dune , saline depressions , rocky ridge ,None saline depression


Annex III 

Page 94 

,inland plateau and salt marshes . The area supports maximum number of annual plant species ,About 

170 plant species have been reported from Omayed . 

d. Future plan for Protected Areas, Egypt included two coastal and marine protected areas: 

e. El Qassr– north west coast of Egypt 

f. El Salum – at the north west coast of Egypt ( near the border with Libyan) . 

8- To provide protection ( article 6 ) : 

a-Initiation and implementation of management plans for the three sites . 

• Law enforcement ( Law 102 /1983 and Law 4 /1994 ) . 

• Training and capacity building of rangers . 

• Local community involvement . 

• In - Situ conservation measures ( enclosures , hunting management ) . 

• Ex - Situ measures ( captive breeding of Egyptian tortoise . 

• Develop actions to conserve threatened and endangered species . 

• Protection of the habitats on which the species depend. 

• Controlled the introduction and spread of invasive species . 

• Controlled the land use and recreational activities . 

B &C - Law 102 of 1983 for Protected Areas, Article (2) 

It is forbidden to polluting the soil, water, or air of the protected areas in any manner. 

D Law 102 of 1983 for Protected Areas, Article (2) 

It is forbidden to introducing foreign (non-indigenous) species of biota into the protected area; 

E-Law 102 of 1983 for Protected Areas Article (2) 

It is also forbidden to erect buildings and establishments, pave roads, drive vehicles, or undertake any 

agriculture, industrial, or commercial activities in the protected areas except with the permission of the 

concerned Administrative Body and restrictions specified by the Prime Ministerial Decree. 

F- Law 102 of 1983 for Protected Areas : 

Article (4) 

- The Administrative Body will be responsible for the following functions: 

* Preparation and execution of necessary studies and programs to enhance protectorates; 

* Surveying and monitoring natural features and wildlife within the protectorates, and 

creating a registry of same; 

* Managing and coordinating activities related to the protectorates; 

G- Law 102 of 1983 for Protected Areas Article (2) and Article 28 of Law no 4 / 1994. 

- It is forbidden to commit actions (deeds or activities or undertakings) which will lead to 

the destruction or deterioration of the natural environment or harm the biota (terrestrial, 

marine or fresh water), or which will detract from the esthetic (beauty) standards within 


- In particular, the following are forbidden: 

* Catching transporting killing or disturbing wildlife; 

* Damaging or removing any living organisms or natural features and resources, such as 

shells, corals, rocks, or soil for any purpose; 

* Damaging or removing plants (from) the protected areas: 

9- Concerning planning, management supervision and monitoring of the specially protected areas 

(article 7) : 

Management plan for the three sites was carried out by MedwetCoast project 

( Zaranik , Burullus and Omayed ).These management plans goals are : 

* Preparation and execution of necessary studies and programs to enhance protectorates . 

* Surveying and monitoring natural features and wildlife within the protectorates . 

* Managing and coordinating activities related to the protectorates. 

* Eeducating the public about the natural resources within protectorates, and the objectives and reasons 

for creating protectorates 

* Monitoring of water. 

* Encourage local community for participation in Protected Areas activities . 

* Exchanging information and experiences relevant to the protectorates and natural resources with other 

countries and international organizations . 

10- For the protection and conservation of species (article 11) : 

• New list of protected species Egypt under development and review . 

• Hunting management system under development . 

• Law enforcement confiscations of protected animals from markets . 

11- To regulate the introduction of non – indigenous or genetically modified species ( article13):


Annex III 

Page 95 

• Egypt ratified biosafty protocol of CBD and entered into force by march 2004 . 

• A draft of national legislation for bio safety is being prepared by national experts under EEAA, NCS and 

will be under the consideration of general assembly for approval. This legislation will regulate the use of 

genetically modified species. 

12- To grant exemptions from protection measures (articles 12, 18 ) : 

There is no exemption . 

III . Technical application of the protocol 

13- List the specially protected areas established under the terms of article 5. 

All these areas already part of the national network for protected areas Egypt and none was established at 

the period under review. 

14- No. 

15- No 

16 – No . 

17 - No new data. 

18 - See attached list 

19 – There is no exemption. 

20-Implementation of the action plans adopted within the framework of MAP: 

• Action plan for the conservation of cetaceans in the Mediterranean : 

Till now very limited knowledge exist on cetaceans . No expertise available . Needs for research and 

training , prior action plan . 

Suggest Accopamas be involved . 

Monk seal : No recent record of Monk seal in Egypt coastal and marine areas 

Sea turtle : Research program has been implemented recently in two important nesting sites in 

Egypt . 

Nesting areas are investigated. 

.Monitoring of turtles continues regularly . 

Implementation of public awareness programme for different target group ( Stakeholder , fishermen 

schoolchildren) 

Apply law 102 for protected areas . Action plan for the conservation of marine vegetation : 

Information on marin vegetation were collected . Most of the studies concentrated around Alexandria , 

Matrouh . Information are bing stored to prepare national action plan . 

Action plan for the conservation of bird species listed in Annex 2 of the protocol: 

Bird species which occur though Egypt as a migrant and listed in Annex 2 of the protocol are protected by 

law . 

Action plan for the conservation of cartilaginous fish : 

No action made yet , human, technical and financial are very limited . 

Action plan concerning the introduction species in the Mediterranean : 

• Establishment a core group for preparing an Egyptian strategy and action plan the invasive species, 

which is adopted with CBD clarifications . 

• List of invasive species in Egypt is being prepared . 

• Review the existing literature of invasive species with world situation of invasive species 

• First invasive species workshop was held at Aim shams University last year to review the present 

situation of invasive species in Egypt . participants of the workshop included students, stockholders , 

NGO’S , and governmental institutions 

Implementation of other recommendations pertinent to the contracting parties : 

No recommendations . 

IV .Brief description of all problems or constraints in the application of the protocol : 

• Limited funding for management, research and monitoring in coastal and marine protected areas . 

• Limited of basic knowledge on both physical and biological data of marine and coastal systems, 

including statistical information . 

• Limited number of and marine taxonomist. 

• Habitat destruction, fragmentation, erosion or disturbance . 

•Gaps in knowledge, (scientific, technical, management) . 

•Weakness in institutional and human capacity for implementing, monitoring, assessing and updating 

.• Weak participation, involvement of the general public and stakeholders 

• Limited of incentives . 

• Gaps and conflicts in legislation . 

• Urban pollution: untreated sewage discharge (via rivers or outfalls), solid waste disposal (dumping) . 

• Industrial pollution and heavy metals . 

• Floating plastic objects and debris, affecting sea turtles and marine mammals.


Annex III 

Page 96 

• Excessive hunting of wetland and coastal birds can lead to decline their populations. 

• Overgrazing of coastal areas can also result in the degradation of some important vegetation.

ANNEX 1 

ANNEXES 

Alphabetical list of the flora of Burullus Protected Area 

Genera and species , Numbers of genera and species 

representing each family are given in parentheses. 


Annex III 

Page 97 

Aizoaceae (1/2) 

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L., 

Alliaceae (1/1) 

Allium roseum L. 

Amaranthaceae (2/4) 

Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC., Amaranthus hybridus L. ssp. hybridus, A. lividus L., 

A. viridis L. 

Amaryllidaceae (1/1) 

Pancratium maritimum L. 

Asclepiadaceae (1/1) 

Cynanchum acutum L. 

Azollaceae (1/1) 

Azolla filiculoides Lam. 

Boraginaceae (1/1) 

Heliotropium curassavicum L. 

Caryophyllaceae (4/5) 

Paronychia arabica (L.) DC., Silene succulenta Forssk., Silene villosa Forssk., Spergula fallax (Lowe) Krause, Spergularia marina (L.) 

Griseb. 

Ceratophyllaceae (1/2) 

Ceratophyllum demersum L., Ceratophyllum submersum L. 

Chenopodiaceae (11/21) 

Agathophora alopecuroides (Delile) Fenzl ex Bunge, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) K. Koch, Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt., 

Atriplex halimus L., Atriplex leucoclada Boiss., Atriplex nummularia Lindl., Atriplex portulacoides L., Bassia indica (Wight) A.J. Scott, Beta 

vulgaris L. ssp. maritima (L.) Archang., Chenopodium album L., Chenopodium ambrosoides L., Chenopodium glaucum L., Chenopodium 

murale L., Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex Koch et Ziz., Cornulaca monacantha Delile, Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pallas) M. Bieb., 

Salsola kali L., Sarcocornia fruticosa (L.) A.J. Scott, Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort., Suaeda pruinosa Lange, Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F. 

Gmel. 

Compositae (nom. altern.: Asteraceae) (21/26) 

Aster squamatus (Spreng.) Hieron., Calendula arvensis L., Carduus pycnocephalus L., Centaurea calcitrapa L., Centaurea pumilio L., 

Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Cichorium endivia L. ssp. pumilum (jacq.) Cout., Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist, Echinops 

spinosissimus Turra, Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., Filago desertorum Pomel, Gnaphalium luteo-album L., Ifloga spicata (Forssk.) Sch.-Bip., 

Inula crithmoides L., Launaea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy, Lanaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook.f., Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC., Reichardia tingitana 

(L.) Roth., Senecio glaucus L. ssp. coronopifolius (Maire) C. Alexander, Senecio vulgaris L., Silybium marianum (L.) Gaertn., Sonchus 

asper (L.) Hill., Sonchus macrocarpus Boulos et C. Jeffrey, Sonchus oleraceus L., Sphaeranthus suaveolens (Forssk.) DC., Urospermum 

picroides (L.) F.W. Schmidt 

Convolvulaceae (3/4) 

Convolvulus arvensis L., Convolvulus lanatus Vahl, Cressa cretica L., Ipomoea carnea Jacq., 

Cruciferae (nom altern. Brassicaceae) (10/12) 

Brassica tournefortii Gouan, Brassica rapa L., Cakile maritima Scop., Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm., Coronopus squamatus (Forssk.) 

Aschers., Eruca sativa Mill., Lobularia arabica (Boiss.) Muschler, Raphanus raphanistrum L., Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All., Rorippa palustris 

(L.) Besser, Sinapis arvensis L. ssp. allionii (Jacq.) Baillarg., Sisymbrium irio L. 

Cynomoriaceae (1/1) 

Cynomorium coccineum L. 

Cyperaceae (3/10) 

Carex divisa Huds., Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb., Cyperus articulatus L., Cyperus capitatus Vand., Cyperus difformis L., Cyperus 

laevigatus L., Cyperus rotundus L., Scirpus holoschoenus L., Scirpus litoralis Schrad., Scirpus maritimus L. 

Euphorbiaceae (2/2) 

Euphorbia peplis L., Ricinus communis L. 

Frankeniaceae (1/2) 

Frankenia revoluta Forssk., Frankenia pulverulenta L. 

Geraniaceae (1/1) 

Erodium laciniatum (Cav.) Willd. 

Gramineae (nom altern. Poaceae) (24/35) 

Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Trin. Ex Thwaites, Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan.) Parl., Avena fatua L., Bromus catharticus Vahl, Cutandia 

dichotoma (Forssk.) Trab., Cutandia memphetica (Spreng.) K. Richt., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, 

Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) P. Beauv., Elymus farctus (Viv.) Runemark ex Melderis, Hordeum 

murinum L. ssp. leporinum (Link) Archang., Hordeum marinum Huds., Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Lolium 

perenne L., Lolium temulentum L., Panicum turgidum Forssk., Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E. Hubb., Parapholis marginata Runemark, 

Paspalidium geminatum (Forssk.) Stapf, Paspalum distichum L., Phalaris minor Retz, Phalaris paradoxa L., Phragmites australis (Cav.) 

Trin. Ex Steud., Poa annua L., Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr., Saccharum spontaneum L.,


Annex III 

Page 98 

Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell., Setaria verticillata (L.) Beauv., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., Sphenopus divaricatus (Gouan) Reichenb., 

Sporobolus pungens (Schreb.) Kunth, Vossia cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff. 

Hydrocharitaceae (1/2) 

Najas marina L. ssp. armata (H. Lindb.) Horn., Najas minor All. 

Juncaceae (1/4) 

Juncus acutus L., Juncus bufonius L., Juncus rigidus Desf., Juncus subulatus Forssk. 

Labiatae (nom. altern. Lamiaceae) (1/1) 

Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. 

Leguminosae (nom. altern. Fabaceae) (9/14) 

Alhagi graecorum Boiss., Astragalus boeticus L., Astragalus peregrinus Vahl, Lathyrus marmoratus Boiss. et Bl., Lotus arabicus L., Lotus 

halophilus Boiss. et Spruner, Medicago intertexta (L.) Mill. var. ciliaris (L.) Heyn, Medicago polymorpha L., Melilotus indicus (L.) All., 

Trifolium alexandrinum L., Trifolium resupinatum L., Trigonella laciniata L., Trigonella stellata Forssk., Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. 

Lemnaceae (2/3) 

Lemna gibba L., Lemna perpusilla Torrey, Pseudowolffia hyalina (Delile) Hartog et Pals. 

Liliaceae (2/2) 

Asparagus stipularis Forssk., Urginea undulata (Desf.) Steinh. 

Malvaceae (2/2) 

Malva parviflora L., Sida alba L. 

Onagraceae (1/1) 

Ludwigia stolonifera (Guill. Et Perr.) P.H. Raven 

Orobanchaceae (2/4) 

Cistanche phelypaea (L.) Cout., Orobanche cernua Loefl., Orobanche crenata Forssk., Orobanche ramosa L. var. schweinfurthii (Beck) 

Hadidy 

Palmae (nom. altern. Arecaceae) (1/1) 

Phoenix dactylifera L. 

Plantaginaceae (1/1) 

Plantago major L. 

Plumbaginaceae (2/2) 

Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss., Limonium pruinosum (L.) Chaz. 

Polygonaceae (4/6) 

Emex spinosa (L.) Campd., Persicaria salicifolia (Willd.) Assenov, Persicaria senegalensis (Meisn.) Sojak, Polygonum equisetiforme Sibth. 

Et Sm., Rumex dentatus L., Rumex pictus Forssk. 

Pontederiaceae (1/1) 

Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laub. 

Portulacaceae (1/1) 

Portulaca oleracea L. 

Potamogetonaceae (2/2) 

Potamogeton crispus L., Potamogeton pectinatus L. 

Primulaceae (1/1) 

Anagallis arvensis L. 

Ranunculaceae (2/3) 

Adonis dentata Delile, Ranunculus marginatus d’Urv., Ranunculus sceleratus L. 

Salicaceae (1/1) 

Salix tetrasperma Roxb. 

Solanaceae (1/1) 

Lycium scheinfurthii Dammer 

Tamaricaceae (1/3) 

Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst., Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge, Tamarix tetragyna Ehrenb. 

Typhaceae (1/1) 

Typha domingensis (Pers.) Poir. Ex Steud. 

Umbelliferae (nom. altern. Apiaceae) (3/3) 

Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam., Anethum graveolens L., Coriandrum sativum L. 

Verbenaceae (2/2) 

Clerodendrum acerbianum (Vis.) Benth. et Hook.f., Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene

Zygophyllaceae (2/2) 

Fagonia arabica L., Zygophyllum album L.f. ssp. album 


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ANNEX 2 

Species composition of phytoplankton of Lake Burullus 

Number of genera/number of 

species representing each group are given after its name 

I. Bacillariophyceae (diatoms): 35/108 

Acnanthes brevipes Agardh 

Amphiphora surireoides Henedy 

Amphiphora paludosa Sm. 

Amphora coffeaeformis (Agardh) Kützing 

Amphora ovalis Kützing 

Amphora venata Kützing 

Asterionella japonica Cleve 

Aulocoseira ambigua (Grunow) Simonsen 

Aulocoseira distans (Ehrenberg) Simonsen 

Aulocoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen 

Aulocoseira granulata var. angustissima Sim. 

Aulocoseira islandica Simonsen 

Aulocoseira italica (Ehrenberg) Simonsen 

Bacillaria paradoxa Gmelin 

Biddulphia laevis Ehrenberg 

Caloneis bacillium (Grunow) Cleve 

Campylodiscus clypeus Ehrenberg 

Campylodiscus echeneis Ehrenberg 

Campylodiscus placentula Ehrenberg 

Campylodiscus placentula var. euglypta Ehrenberg 

Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg 

Cyclotella kutzingiana Thwaites 

Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing 

Cymatopura solea (Brebisson) W.Smith 

Cymbella affinis Kirtx 

Cymbella minuta Hilse 

Cymbella silesiaca Bleisch 

Cymbella turgida Gregory 

Diploneis elliptica (Kützing) Cleve 

Diploneis didyma Ehrenberg 

Epithemia smithii Carruthers 

Epithemia sorex Kützing 

Epithemia turgida (Ehrenberg) Kützing 

Epithemia zebra (Ehrenberg) Kützing 

Eutonia sp. 

Fragilaria brevistriata Grunow 

Fragilaria construens 

Fragilaria pinnata Ehrenberg 

Gomphonema clevei Fricke 

Gomphonema gracilis Ehrenberg 

Gomphonema lanceolata Ehrenberg 

Gomphonema parvulum Kutzing 

Gomphonema truncatum Ehrenberg 

Gomphonema subclavatum Grunow 

Gomphonema olivaceum Kützing 

Gomphonema constrictum Ehrenberg 

Gomphonema interactum Kützing 

Gyrosigma attenuatum Kützing 

Mastigolia braunii Grunow 

Mastigolia elliptica Cleve 

Mastigolia smithii Thwaites 

Melosira granulata Ehrenberg 

Melosira varians Agardh 

Navicula atomus Kützing 

Navicula cincta Ehrenberg 

Navicula cocconeiformis Gregory 

Navicula cryptocephala Kützing 

Navicula cuspida Kützing 

Navicula decussis Ostrup 

Navicula digitatoradiata Gregory 

Navicula gastrum Ehrenberg 

Navicula humerosa Breb. 

Navicula pupula Kützing 

Navicula radiosa Kützing 

Navicula spicula Cleve 

Navicula schizonemoides Heruck 

Navicula yarrensis Grunow 

Nitzschia angusta Grunow

Nitzschia apiculata Grunow 

Nitzschia frustulum (Kützing) Grunow 

Nitzschia granulata Grunow 

Nitzschia levidensis var. salinarum Grunow 

Nitzschia microcephala Grunow 

Nitzschia obtusa W. Smith 

Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W. Smith 

Nitzschia panduriformis Gregory 

Nitzschia perminuta (Grunow) Peragallo 

Nitzschia scalaris (Ehrenberg) W. Smith 

Nitzschia sigma (Kützing) W. Smith 

Nitzschia longissima (Breb.) Ralfs 

Nitzschia closterium Smith 

Nitzschia punctata (Smith) Grunow 

Nitzschia amphibia Grunow 

Nitzschia acuminata W. Smith 

Nitzschia reversa W. Smith 

Pinnularia acrosphaeria Rabenhorst 

Pinnularia maior (Kützing) Rabenhorst 

Pinnularia microsauron var. brebissonii Mayer 

Plagiogramma interruptum (Gregory) Ralfs 

Pleurosigma angulatum Quekett 

Pleurosigma salinarum Grunow 

Pleurosigma elongatum Smith 

Pleurosigma macrum W. Smith 

Podosira montagnei Kützing 

Rhoicosphenia curvata (Kützing) Grunow 

Rhopalodia acuminata Kramer 

Rhopalodia gibba (Ehrenberg) O. Müller 

Rhopalodia gibba var. ventricosa (Kützing) Grunow 

Rhopalodia rhopala (Ehrenberg) Hustedt 

Rhopalodia gibberula (Ehrenberg) O. Müller 

Stauroneis anceps Ehrenberg 

Stauroneis smithii Grunow 

Stephanodiscus minutulus (Kützing) Cleve 

Surirella striatula Turpin 

Synedra nana Meister 

Synedra tabulata (Agardh) Kützing 

Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg 

Synedra longissima W. Smith 

Thalassiosira rotula Meun. 

Thalassiosira sp. 

Tabellaria flocculosa. 

II. Chlorophyta (green algae): 33/52 

Actinastrum hantzschii Lagerh. 

Ankistrodesmus falcatus var. mirabile W. et G.S. West 

Ankistrodesmus falcatus var. spirilliformis G.S. West 

Ankistrodesmus falcatus var. acicularis (A. Braun) G.S. West 

Ankistrodesmus setigerus (Schrad.) G.S. West 

Botryococcus braunii 

Carteria cordiforme (Turn.) Breb. 

Chlorella sp. 

Chlamydocapsa planctonica 

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dang. 

Chlodatella subsala 

Closterium parvulum var. angustum W. et G.S. West 

Coenococcus planctonicus 

Cosmarium sublatera-undulatum W. et G.S. West 

Cosmarium galeatum W. et G.S. West 

Cosmarium elgungii Racib. 

Cosmarium subtunidum Nordst. 

Cosmarium subcrenatum Hanzach 

Cruigenia maritima 

Cruigenia tetrapedia (Kirchn.) W. et G.S. West 

Cruigenia quadrata Morren 

Dictyosphaerium pulchellum Wood 

Elakatothrix biplex 

Eudorina sp. 

Francia droecher G.M. Smith 

Geminella minor (Nag.) Hansg. 

Golenkia radiata Chodat 

Kirechneriella lunaris (Kirchn.) Moebius 

Kirechneriella microscopica 


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Monoraphidium capriornutum 

Nephrocytium limneticum G.M. Smith 

Oedogonium sp. 

Oocytis sp. 

Oocytis borgei Snow 

Pandorina morum (Mill.) Bory 

Pediastrum duplex Meyen 

Pediastrum simplex Meyen 

Pediastrum tetras (Her.) Ralfs 

Pediastrum boryanum (Turp.) Menegh. 

Pseudosphaerocystis lacustris 

Phacotus lenticularis 

Scenedesmus spinosus 

Scenedesmus bijugatus (Turp.) Kützing 

Scenedesmus bijugatus var. alternans Hansg. 

Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb. 

Scenedesmus diagonalis S. Fang 

Scenedesmus opliensis Rich. 

Scenedesmus acuminatus (Lagerh.) Chodat 

Scenedesmus armatus (Chodat) G.M. Smith 

Selenastrum gracile Reinsch. 

Spirogyra hassalli (Denner) Petit 

Sphaerocystis schroeteri Chodat 

Tetraedron minimum (A. Braun) Hansg. 

Tetraedron proteiforme (Turn.) Brunnthaler 

Westella botryoides. 

III. Cyanophyceae (blue-green algae): 19/31 

Anabaena sp., Anabaenopsis circularia (G.S. West) Wol. Et Miller, Aphanotheca sp., Aphanocapsa pulchra (Kutzing) Rabenhorst, 

Aphanizomenon sp., Aulosira laxa, Chroococcus limneticus, Chroococcus turgidus, Chroococcus dispersus (Reissl.) Lemn., Chroococcus 

tenuis Agardh, Coelosphaerium confermis W. et G.S. West, Dactylococcopsis irregularis G.M. Smith, Gleocapsa sp., Isocystis sp., Lyngbya 

limnetica Lemn., Lyngbya sp., Merismopedia punctata Meyen, Merismopedia minima, Merismopedia tenuissima, Microcystis aeroginosa 

Kützing, Nostoc microscopicum, Nostoc ellipsosporum, Nostoc verrucosum, Oscillatoria limnetica, Oscillatoria formosa, Oscillatoria 

agardhii, Oscillatoria lacustris (Kleb.) Geitl., Oscillatoria princips Vaucher, Phormidium limnosum, Plectonema sp., Spirulina sp.

Anuraeopsis fissa Gosse 

Brachionus angularis Gosse 

Brachionus budapestensis Daday 

Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas 

Brachionus caudatus (Barrois & Daday) 

Brachionus quadridentatus Hermann 

Brachionus plicatilis (Muller) 

Brachionus rubens Her. 

Brachionus urceolaria (Muller) 

Cephalodella gibba Her. 

Colurella adriatica Carlin 

Filinia longiseta Her. 

Harringia rouseleti Beauchamp 

Hexarthra mira Hudson 

Keratella cochlearis Gosse 

Keratella quadrata Muller 

Keratella tropica Apstein 

Keratella valga Her. 

Lecane bulla Gosse 

Lecane luna Muller 

Macrochautus nearsubquadratus Petry 

Polyarthra vulgaris Carlin 

Polyarthra ramata Skor. 

Philodina roseola Ehr. 

Rotatoria sp. 

Synchaeta pectinata Her. 

Synchaeta oblonga Her. 

Trichocerca cylindrica Imhof 

Trichocerca elongata Gosse 

Trichocerca pusilla Jennings 

Trichocerca gracilis Tessin 

Proalidis sp. 

Asplachna girodi De Guerne 

Asplachna seiboldi Leydig 

Testudinella patina Hermann. 

Macrocyclops albidus 

Acanthocyclops americanus March. 

Thermocyclops neglectus Sars. 

Thermocyclops decipinis Kieker 

Apocyclops panamensis March 

Nitocra lacustris Schmank. 

Schizopera nilotica 

Nauplius larvae 

Copepodid stages. 

Bosmina longirostris Muller 

Chydorus sphaericus Muller 

Diaphanosoma brachynurum Lieven 

Diaphanosoma excisum Sars 

Macrothrix rosea Jurine 

Macrothrix laticornis Jurine 

Moina micrura Kurz 

Oxyurella longicaudis Birge 

Daphnia similis Claus 

Ilyocryptus agilis Kurz. 

ANNEX 3 

Inventory of species of Zooplankton in Lake Burullus 

numbers of genera and species 

Representing each group are given in parentheses 

I. Rotifera (19/34) 

II. Copepoda (6/9) 

III. Cladocera (7/7) 


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ANNEX 4 

Systematic enumeration of insects collected from Burullus Protected 

Area and their habitat types. I = islets; S = Lake shores; W = Lake water. 

Rare species are asterisked. 

Orders Families Species Habitat 

1. Odonata 

Aeschnidae 

Hemianax ephippiger I,S 

(Damsel and 

Anax sp.* I,S 

dragon flies) 

Aeschna sp.* I,S 

Cordullidae Maromia sp.* I,S 

Libellulidae 

Libellula pulchella* I,S 

Libellula plathemis* I,S 

Orthetrum chrysostigma I,S 

Crocothemis erythraea I,S 

Agrionidae Ischnura senegalensis I,S 

2. Thisanoptera 

Phlaeothripidae Haplothrips cottei S 

(Thrips) Thripidae Limothrips cerealium S 

3. Plecoptera 

Isoperlidae 

Perla maxima I,S 

(Stoneflies) 

Isoperla confusa* S 

4. Phemeroptera Ephemeridae Polymitarcys savignii I,S 

Poduridae Lepidocyrtinus insertus I,S 

5.Collembola 

Sphearidae Sphearida sp. I,S 

(Springtails) 

Onychiuridae Onychiurus sp. I,S 

Tulbergidae Tulbergi sp. I,S 

Folsomidae Folsomides sp. I,S 

Freiseoidae Freisea sp. I,S 

Hypogastruidae Hypogasrterura sp. I,S 

Isotomidae Isotomodes sp.* I,S 

Entombyridae Entombyra sp. I,S 

6. Hemiptera 

Pentatomidae Nezara viridula I,S 

Anthocoridae Orius spp. S 

Belostomatidae 

Lethocerus niloticua W 

Bencus griseus* W 

Sphaerodema urinator* W 

Limnogeton fieberi* W 

Nepidae Ranatra vicina* W 

Notonectidae Notonecta sp.* W 

Corixidae Sigara selecta* W 

7. Homoptera 

Aphididae Aphis spp. W 

Aphididae 

Aleyrodidae Bemisia labaci S 

Jassidae Empoasca sp. I,S 

8. Neuroptera 

Myrmelionidae Cueta sp. I,S 

(Lacewigs) Chrysopidae Chrysoperla sp. S 

9. Dermaptera 

Labiduridae 

Labidura riparia S 

(Earwigs) 

Euborellia annulipes* I,S 

Forficulidae Diaperasticus erythrocephalus* I,S 

10. Orthoptera 

Tettigoniidae Conocephalus mandibularis I,S 

Gryllidae Liogryllus bimaculatus I,S 


10- Orthoptera 

Gryllidae Gryllus domestica S 

Acridiidae 

Locusta migratoria S 

Anacridium aegyptium I,S 

Euprepocnemis plorans I,S 

Thisoicetrus littoralis I,S 

Aiolopus strepens I,S 

Acrotylus insurbicus I,S 

Gryllotalbidae 

Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa I,S 

G. gryllotalpa var. cophta S 

Gryllotalpa africana S 

11- Trichoptera Polycentropidae Dipseudopsis sp.* S 

12- Dictyoptera Mantidae 

Sphodromantis bioculata S 

Mantis religiosa I,S 

Calidomantis savignyi I,S 

13-Diptera 

Muscidae 

Musca spp. I,S 

Stomoxys calcitrans I,S 

Tabanidae Tabanus sp. I,S 

Chironomidae Chironomus sp. I,S 

Culicidae 

Culex pipiens I,S 

Anopheles sp. I,S 

Aedes sp. I,S 

Ephedridae Ephedra riparia I,S 

Tachinidae Tachina sp. W 

Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga sp. S


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Syrphidae Syrphus sp. S 

Calliphoridae 

Lucilia sericata I 

Calliphora erythrocephala * I,S 

14. Hymenoptera 

Formicidae 

Monomorium pharaonsis I,S 

Componotus maculatus S 

Cataglyphus bicolor S 

Vespidae 

Vespa orientalis* S 

Polistes gallica S 

15. Coleoptera 

Dytiscidae Cybister tripunctatus W 

Carabidae Calosoma sp. S 

Scarabaeidae Pentodon sp. S 

Dermestidae Dermestes sp. I 

Staphylinidae Paederus alfierii I,S 

Coccinellidae 

Coccinella undecimpunctata I,S 

Coccinella septempunctata S 

Scymnus sp. S 

Cydania vicina nilotica S 

Cydania vicina isis S 

Hydrophilidae Rhanatus sp.* W 

16. Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Vanessa spp. S 


16. Lepidoptera 

Pieridae Pieris rapae S 

Hesperiidae Pelopidas thrax I,S 

Pelopidas borbanica I,S 

Hesperiidae Gegenus notrodames S 

Pyralidae Chilo sp. I,S 

Noctuidae 

Diatraea saccharalis S 

Sesamia wiltshieri I,S 

Agrotis sp.* S 

Total: 16 orders 59 families 94 species


Annex III 

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ANNEX 5. 

Systematic list of fish species in Lake Burullus 

with their habitat types. 

Family Species Habitat 

Characidae Hydrocynus forskalii (Cuvier, 1819) Fresh 

Cyprinidae 

Labeo niloticus (Forskal, 1775) Fresh 

Barbus bynni (Forskal, 1775) Fresh 

Barbus perince (Ruppel, 1837) Fresh 

Siluridae 

Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fresh 

Bagrus bajad (Forskal, 1775) Fresh 

Anguillidae Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) Fresh/Saline 

Cyprinodontidae Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1821) Brackish/Saline 

Poecilidae Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853) Brackish 

Atherirudae Atherina mochon Cuvier, 1829 Brackish 

Mugilidae 

Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 Fresh/Saline 

Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) Fresh/Saline 

Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) Saline 

Serranidae 

Lates niloticus (Linnaeus, 1762) Fresh 

Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) Saline 

Dicentrarchus punctatus (Bloch, 1792) Saline 

Cichlidae 

Hemichromis bimaculatus Gill, 1862 Fresh 

Haplochromis bloyeti (Sauvage, 1883) Fresh 

Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848) Fresh/Saline 

Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Linn., 1757) Fresh 

Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864) Fresh 

Sarotherodon galileus (Artedi, 1757) Fresh 

Sparidae Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 Saline 

Sciaenidae Johnius hololepidotus (Lacepede, 1803) Saline 

Soleidae Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758) Saline

ANNEX 6 

Reptile and Amphibian species recorded from Burullus 

Protected Area 


Annex III 

Page 107 

Latin name English name Abundance 

Bufo viridis Green Toad Uncommon 

Bufo regularis Egyptian Toad Abundant 

Bufo kassasii * Nile Valley Toad Uncommon 

Rana bedriagae Levantine Frog Common 

Ptychadena mascareniensis Mascarene Frog Common 

Hemidactylus turcicus Turkish Gecko Common 

Chamaeleo africanus African Chameleon Uncommon 

Chamaeleo chamaeleon Common Chmaeleon Uncommon 

Acanthodactylus boskianus Bosc’s Fringe-toed Lizard Uncommon 

Acanthodactylus scutellatus Nidua Fringe-toed Lizard Uncommon 

Mabuya quinquetaeniata Bean Skink Common 

Mabuya vittata Brideled Skink Uncommon 

Chalcides ocellatus Ocellated Skink Common 

Sphenops sepsoides** Audouin’s Skink Rare 

Malpolon monspessulanus Montpellier Snake Uncommon 

Natrix tesellatus Diced Water Snake Uncommon 

Eryx jaculus** Javelin Sand Boa Rare 

Psammophis sibilans African Beauty Snake Uncommon 

Coluber florulentus Flowered Snake Uncommon 

Naja haje Egyptian Cobra Uncommon 

Caretta caretta *** Loggerhead Turtle Rare 

Chelonia mydas *** Green Turtle Rare 

* = species endemic to Egypt 

** = locally threatened species 

*** = globally threatened species.


Annex III 

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ANNEX 7 

Species of birds recorded in Burullus Protected Area with the number of birds observed (N.Bur.) compared to that recorded 

in N. Africa (N.N.Afr.); * = breeding; *** = globally threatened 

Scientific name English name N.Bur. N.N.Afr. 

Chlidonias leucoptera White-winged Black Tern 5220 225,000 

Sterna hirundo hirundo Common Tern 236 0 

Hirundo rustica rustica Swallow 1104 0 

Ceryle rudis rudis Pied Kingfisher 965 0 

Egretta garzetta garzetta Little Egret 519 125,000 

Gallinula chloropus chloropus * Moorhen 27 0 

Hoplopterus spinosus * Spur-winged Plover 126 10,000 

Sterna albifrons albifrons Little Tern 3427 60,000 

Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus Kestrel 325 0 

Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron 289 0 

Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier 1 0 

Streptopelia senegalensis Laughing Dove 42 0 

Philomachus pugnax Ruff 3 77,000 

Centropus senegalensis aegyptius Senegal Coucal 23 0 

Merops orientalis cleopatra Little Green Bee-eater 15 0 

Elanus caeruleus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite 5 0 

Riparia riparia riparia Sand Martin 50 0 

Galerida cristata nigricans Crested Lark 4 0 

Calidris alpina alpina Dunlin 62 150,000 

Corvus corone cornix Hooded Crow 13 0 

Scotocerca inquieta inquieta Scrub Warbler 18 0 

Lanius collurio collurio Red-backed Shrike 2 0 

Cuculus canorus canorus Cuckoo 2 0 

Alcedo atthis atthis Common Kingfisher 15 0 

Larius ridibundus Black-headed Gull 1 0 

Larius fuscus fuscus Lsser Black-backed Gull 16 0 

Upupa epops epops Hoopoe (European form) 4 0 

Motacilla flava flavissima Yellow Wagtail 10 0 

Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron 13 0 

Anas querquedula Garganey 177 200,000 

Porphyrio porphyrio madagascariensis * Purple Gallinule 7 0 

Tachybaptus ruficollis ruficollis * Little Grebe 14 0 

Fulica atra atra Coot 5 2,500,000 

Emberiza calandra calandra Corn Bunting 24 0 

Bubulcus ibis ibis Cattle Egret 312 0 

Streptopelia decaocto decaocto Collared Dove 4 0 

Athene noctua glaux Little Owl 3 0 

Limosa lapponica lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit 1 100,000 

Calidris minuta Little Stint 130 1,000,000 

Tringa nebularia Greenshank 1 28,000 

Larius genei Slender-billed Gull 131 60,000 

Ardea cinerea Grey Heron 40 450,000 

Motacilla cinerea cinerea Grey Wagtail 6 0 

Recurvirostra avocetta Pied Avocet 1 0 

Lymnocryptes minimus Jack Snipe 2 0 

Anas clypeata Shoveler 

Larius argentatus cachinnans Herring Gull 8 0 

Charadrius hiaticula tundrae Ringed Plover 120 200,000 

Charadrius leschenaultii Greater Sand Plover 10 0 

Ixobrychus minutus minutus * Little Bittern 15 70,000 

Tringa totanus totanus Redshank 144 55,000 

Charadrius alexandrinus alexandrinus * Kentish Plover 10 0 

Emberiza schoeniclus intermedia Reed Warbler 4 0

List of 94 bird species recorded in Lake Burullus 

ANNEX 8 


Annex III 

Page 109 

Scientific name English name Endem. Status in Burullus 

Gavia arctica arctica Black-throated Diver AcV 

Tachybaptus ruficollis capensis Little Grebe CRe 

Podiceps cristatus cristatus Great Crested Grebe CWV 

Podiceps nigricollis nigricollis Black-necked Grebe CWV 

Phalacrocotax carbo sinensis Cormorant CP, CWV 

Ardea cinerea cinerea Grey Heron CWV 

Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron CP, ScWV 

Ixobrychus minutus minutus Little Bittern CRe 

Egretta alba alba Great White Egret ScP,CWV 

Egretta ibis ibis Cattle Egret CRe 

Egretta garzetta garzetta Little Egret CP,CWV,RRe 

Phoenicopterus ruber roseus Greater Flamingo CP,CWV,FB 

Tadorna tadorna Common Shelduck CWV 

Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos Mallard Ore,CP,CWV 

Anas crecca crecca Green-winged Teal CWV, CP 

Anas strepera strepera Gadwall CWV 

Anas penelope European Wigeon CP, CWV 

Anas clypeata Shoveler CP, CWV 

Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard ScWV 

Aythya ferina Common Pochard CWV 

Aythya nyroca *** Ferruginous Duck CWV 

Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck CP, CWV 

Elanus caeruleus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite CRe 

Circus cyanus cyanus Hen Harrier RP, RWV 

Circus aeruginosus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier ScP, ScWV 

Falco tinnuniculus rupicolaeformis Kestrel CRe 

Rallus aquaticus aquaticus Water Rail CRe, CWV 

Porzana Porzana Spotted Crake CP, ScWV 

Gallinula chloropus chloropus Moorhen CRe, AP, AWV 

Porphyrio porphyrio madagascariensis Purple Gallinule CRe 

Fulica atra atra Coot RRe, AWV 

Rostratula benghalensis benghalensis Painted Snipe CRe 

Himantopus himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt CP, RB, RWV 

Recurvirostra avosetta Pied Avocet RRe, CWV, RSuV 

Glareola pratincola pratincola Collared Pratincole RWV, CP 

Charadrius hiaticola tundrae Ringed Plover CP, CWV 

Charadrius dubius curonicus Little Ringed Plover ScP, RWV 

Charadius picuarius allenbyi Kittlitz’s Plover ScRe 

Charadius alexandrinus alexandrinus Kentish Plover CB, CWV 

Charadius leschenaultii Greater Sand Plover CP, CWV, ORe 

Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover CP,ScWv,UcSuV 

Vanellus vanellus Lapwing CP, CWV 

Chettusia leucura White-tailed Plover RP,OsuV,OWV 

Hoplopterus spinosus Spur-winged Plover CRe 

Calidris alba Sanderling RP, RWV 

Calidris temminckii Temminck’s Stint ScP, RWV 

Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper ScAuP, CSP,RWV 

Calidris minuta Little Stint AP,AWV,UcSuV 

Calidris alpina alpina Dunlin AP, AWV 

Scientific name English name Endem. Status in Burullus 

Philomacus pugnax Ruff CWV, CP 

Gallinago gallinago gallinago Snipe CP, CWV 

Limosa limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit CP, RWV, RsuV 

Numenius arquata arquata Common Curlew ScP, ScWV 

Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank CP, ScWV 

Tringa totanus totanus Redshank CP, CWV, OSuV 

Tringa nebularia Greenshank CP, ScWV, RSuV 

Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper CP, ScWV, RSuV 

Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper CP, ScWV, RSuV 

Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper ScP,ScWV 

Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper CP, ScWV 

Arenaria interpres interpres Turnstone ScP, ScWV 

Larus ichthyaetus Great Black-headed Gull RP, RWV 

Larus minutus Little Gull ScWV 

Larus ridibundu Black-headed Gull AP, AWV, ScSuV 

Larus genei Slender-billed Gull CP, CWV 

Larus fuscus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Gull CP, CWV, RSuV 

Larus argentatus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull CWV


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Chlidonias niger niger Black Tern ScP, RWV, RSuV 

Chlidonias hybrida hybrida Whiskered Tern CP, CWV 

Sterna albifrons albifrons Little Tern CB 

Thalasseus sandvicensis sandvicensis Sandwich Tern CP 

Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca Laughing Dove * ARe 

Centropus senegalensis aegyptius Senegal Coucal * CRe 

Tyto alba alba Barn Owl CRe 

Athene noctua saharae Little Owl CRe 

Alcedo atthis atthis Kingfisher CP, CWV 

Ceryle rudis rudis Pied Kingfisher CRe 

Upupa epops major Hoopoe CRe 

Hirundo rustica savignii Swallow * CRe 

Calandrella rufescens nicolli Lesser Short-toed Lark CRe 

Galerida cristata nigricans Crested Lark * ARe 

Anthus cervinus Red-throated Pipit AP, AWV 

Motacilla flava pygmaea Egyptian Wagtail * CRe 

Motacilla alba alba White Wagtail AP, AWV 

Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris Starling CWV 

Corvus corone cornix Hooded Crow CRe 

Acrocephalus stentoreus stentoreus Clamorous Reed Warbler ARe 

Phylloscopus collybita collybita Chiffchaff AP 

Prinia gracilis Graceful Warbler ARe 

Cisticola juncidis juncidis Fan-tailed Warbler ARe 

Saxicola torquata rubicola Stonechat CWV 

Merops orientalis cleopatra Little Green Bee-eater * CRe 

Passer domesticus niloticus House Sparrow ARe 

Passer hispaniolensis hispaniolensis Spanish Sparrow AP, AWV, OSuV 

A = Abundant; Ac = Accidental; Au = Autumn; B = Breeder; C = Common; O = 

Occasional; P = Passer; R = Rare; Re = Resident; Sc = Scarce; Su = Summer; Uc = 

Uncommon; V = Visitor; W = Winter. *** = globally threatened.

ANNEX 9 

List of mammals recorded from Burullus Protected Area 

And their abundance. 

* = endemic to Egypt; ** = vulnerable 


Annex III 

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Species English name Abundance 

Hemiechinus auritus (Gmelin, 1770) Long-eared Hedgehog Common 

Crocidura flavescens deltae Haim de Balsac & Barloy, 1966 Giant Musk Shrew Uncommon 

Crocidura floweri Dollman, 1915 * Flower’s Shrew Rare 

Rousettus aegyptiacus (Geoffroy, 1810) Fruit Bat Uncommon 

Rhinopoma microphyllum (Brunnich, 1782) Mouse-tailed Bat Uncommon 

Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, 1819) Kuhl’s Pipistrelle Uncommon 

Gerbillus andersoni andersoni De Winton, 1902 Anderson’s Gerbil Abundant 

Psammomys obesus Crtezschmar, 1828 Fat Sand Rat Common 

Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) Black Rat Abundant 

Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhaut, 1769) Brown Rat Abundant 

Mus musculus praetextus (Brants, 1827) House Mouse Common 

Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 ** Jackal Uncommon 

Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) Red Fox Common 

Herpestes ichneumon ichneumon (Linnaeus, 1758) Egyptian Mongoose Common 

Felis chaus nilotica De Winton, 1898 ** Swamp Cat Rare 

ANNEX 3 

Flora of Lake Bardawil and its immediate vicinity. The genera and species are arranged alphabetically. Life forms (LF) and the 

distribution of the species are given. CH = chamaephyte, G = geophyte, He = hemicryptophyte, Hy = hydrophyte, Ph = 

phanerophyte, Th = therophyte. * = endemic; ** = near-endemic. 

Species 

LF 

Distribution 

Sand Islands Southern 

bar 

shores 

Acacia saligna (Labill.) H.L.Wendl. Ph + 

Adonis dentata Del. Th + + + 

Aegilops kotschyi Boiss. Th + 

Allium curtum Boiss. & Gaill. G + 

Allium papillare Boiss. ** G + 

Amaranthus viridis L. Th + 

Anabasis articulata (Forssk.) Moq. Ch + + + 

Anchusa humilis (Desf) I.M Johnst Th + + 

Argyrolobium uniflorum (Dec.) Jaub. & Spach He + + 

Artemisia monosperma Del. Ch + + 

Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) K. Koch Ch + + + 

Asparagus stipularis Forssk. G + + + 

Asphodelus viscidulus Boiss. Th + + 

Astragalus annularis Forssk. Th + 

Astragalus boeticus L. Th + 

Astragalus camelorum Barb. He + 

Astragalus caprinus L. Th 

Astragalus fruticosus Forssk. Ch + + 

Astragalus kahiricus DC. He + + 

Atractylis cancellata L. Ch + 

Atractylis carduus (Fossk.) C. Chr. Ch + + 

Avena sativa L. Th + + 

Bassia muricata (L.) Asch. Th + + 

Bellevalia salah-eidii Täckh. & Boulos * G + 

Biarum boevi Blume ** Th + 

Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. Th + 

Brassica tournefortii Gouan Th + + 

Bromus rubens L. Th + + 

B. lanceolatus Roth. Th + + 

Buplerum semicompositum L. Th + + + 

Cakile maritima Scop. Th + + + 

Calendula arvensis L. Th + 

Calligonum polygonoides L. Ph + + 

Centaurea calcitrapa L. Th + + 

Centropodia forsskaolii (Vahl) Cope G + + 

Chyrysanthum cronarium L. Hy 

Cistanche phelypaea (L.) Cout. Th + + + 

Cistanche salsa (C.A. Mey.) Beck. Th + + + 

Cleome amblyocarpa Barr. & Murb. He + 

Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist Th +


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Convolvulus lanatus Vahl Ch + + 

Cornulaca monacantha Del. Ch + + + 

Cotula cinerea Delile Th + 

Cressa cretica L. He + 

Crucianella membrenacea Boiss. Th + + 

Cutandia dichotoma (Forssk.) Trab. Th + + + 

Cutandia memphetica (Spreng.) K. Richt. Th + + + 

Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Asch. Hy + 

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. G + 

Cynomorium coccineum L. Th + + 

Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. G + + 

Cyperus laevigatus L. G + 

Daucus littoralis Boiss. var. littoralis Th + + 

Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC. Ch + + 

Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Th + 

Dipcadi erythraeum Webb & Berth. G + 

Echium angustifolium Mill. Ch + + 

Echinops spinosissimus Turra He + + 

Echiochilon fruticosum Desf. Ch + + 

Emex spinosus (L.) Campd. Th + + 

Ephedra alata Decne. Ch + 

Eremobium aegyptiacum (Spreng.) Asch. & Schweinf. Th + + 

Erodium laciniatum (Cav.) Willd. Th + + 

Erucaria hispanica (L.) Druce. Th + + 

Euophorbia granulata Forssk Th + + 

Euophorbia terracina L. He + + 

Fagonia arabica L. Ch + 

Filago desertorum Pomel Th + 

Frankenia revoluta L. He + 

Frankenia pulverulenta L. Th + + 

Gymnocarpos decander Forssk. Ch + + 

Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb. Ch + + + 

Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Asch. Hy + 

Haloxylon scoparium Pomel Ch + 

Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.) Juss. He + + 

Helianthemum stipulatum (Forssk.) C. Chr. Ch + + 

Heliotropium digynum (Forssk.) C. Chr. Ch + + 

Herniaria hemistemon J. Gay Ch + + 

Herniaria hirsuta L. Th + + 

Hippocrepis areolata Desv. Th + 

Ifloga spicata (Forssk.) Sch.-Bip. Th + + + 

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch G + 

Iris mariae Barbey ** G + 

Juncus rigidus Desf. G + 

Launaea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy Th + + 

Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook.f. He + + 

Launaea tenuiloba (Boiss.) Kuntze He + + 

Leopoldia bicolor Boiss G + 

Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss. Ch + 

Limonium pruinosum (L.) Chaz. He + + + 

Linaria haelava (Forssk.) Delile Th + 

Lobularia arabica (Boiss.) Muschl. Th + + 

Lotus halophilus Boiss. & Spruner Th + + 

Lycium shawii Roem. & Schult. Ph + + 

Malva parviflora L. Th + + 

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Th + + 

Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L. Th + + 

Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) I.M. Johnst. Ch + + 

Muscari bicolor Boiss. ** Ch + 

Neurada procumbens L. Th + + 

Nitraria retusa (Forssk.) Asch. Ch + + + 

Noaea mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. Ch + + 

Opophytum forsskaolii (Boiss.) N.B.Br. Th + 

Ononis serrata Forssk. Th + + 

Orobanche cernua Loefl. Th + + 

Pancratium maritimum L. G + + 

Pancratium sickenbergeri Asch. & Schweinf. G + + 

Panicum turgidum Forssk. Ch + + 

Paronychia arabica (L.) DC. Th + + 

Paronychia argentea Lam. Th + 

Peganum harmala L. He + 

Phoenix dactylifera L. Ph + 

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. G + 

Plantago albicans L. He + +


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Plantago cylindrica Forssk. Th + + 

Plantago ovata Forssk. Th + 

Poa annua L. Th + + 

Polycarpaea repens (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. He + + 

Polycarpon succulentum (Del.) J. Gay Th + + 

Pseudorlaya pumila (L.) Grande Th 

Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth Th + + 

Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb & Berthel. Ph + + 

Ricinus communis L. Ph + 

Rumex pictus Forssk. Th + + 

Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande Hy + 

Salicornia europaea L. Th + + + 

Salsola kali L. Th + + 

Salsola tetrandra Forssk. Ch + + + 

Salvia lanigera Poiret Ch + + 

Sarcocornia fruticosa (L.) A.J. Scott Ch + + 

Schismus arabicus Nees Th + + 

Senecio glaucus L. Th + + 

Silene villosa Forssk. Th + + 

Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. Th + 

Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. He + 

Sonchus oleraceus L. Th + 

Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. Th + + 

Stipagrostis ciliata (Desf.) de Winter He + 

Stipagrostis lanata (Forssk.) de Winter He + + 

Stipagrostis scoparia (Trin. & Rupr.) de Winter He + + 

Stipa capensis Thunb. He + + 

Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zohary Th + + 

Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. Ch + + 

Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel. Ch + + 

Tamarix amplexicaulis Ehrenb. Ph + 

Tamarix nilotica Bunge Ph + 

Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl. Ch + + 

Traganum nudatum Delile Ch + 

Trigonella stellata Forssk. Th + + 

Zygophyllum aegyptium A. Hosny * Ch + + + 

Zygophyllum album L. Ch + + + 

Zygophyllum propinquum Decne. Ch + 

Zygophyllum simplex L. Th + 

ANNEX 4 

Zooplankton of Lake Bardawil as recorded by Fouda et al. (1985) and in 2002 together with the present status of the species. C = common; 

MC = moderatly common; R = rare; VR = very rare. 

Protozoa 

1985 2002 Present Status 

Tintinnopsis beroidea Stein * * MC 

Tintinnopsis labiancoi Daday * * R 

Tintinnopsis nucula Fol * * MC 

Tintinnopsis cylindrica Daday * * MC 

Tintinnopsis campanula Ehr. * * R 

Tintinnopsis tocantinesis Kofoid & Campbel - * C 

Stensomella nivalis * * R 

Tintinnidium neapolitanum * - - 

Codonella aspera Fol. * * MC 

Codonella amphorella Biedermann * * R 

Codonella agalea Haecxel * * R 

Metacylis meraschkowskii * - 

Cyttorocylis plagiostoma * * VR 

Dictyocysta obtusa * * VR 

Dictyocysta muvileri * - 

Rhobdonella elegans Jorgensen * * VR 

Favella serrata Momus * * C


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Favella ehernbergi Clap & Lach. - * R 

Undella dohrni * * VR 

Helicostomella subulata * * R 

Petalotricha major Jorgensen - * VR 

Ptychocytis minor Jorgensen - * VR 

Epiplocylis acuminata Daday - * VR 

Ciliophore spp. - * R 

Globegrina bulloides * * R 

Orbulina universa * - 

Leprotintinnus bottnicus - * VR 

Copepoda 

Nauplius larvae - * C 

Cyclopoid copepodid - * C 

Calanoid copepodid - * C 

Harpacticoid copepodid - * MC 

Lucicuta flavicornis Claus * - 

Lucicuta ovales Wolfenden * - 

Temora longicornis Hill * - 

Acartia clausii Giesbrecht * * MC 

Paracartia latisetosa Kriczaguin - * R 

Calanus finmarchisus Gunnerus * - 

Eurytemora hiruridoides * * VR 

Paracalanus parvus Claus - * R 

Centropagus potincus Karawiew - * C 

Sapphirina opalina Dana * - 

Sapphirina angusta Dana * - 

Parapontella brevicornis Lubbock * - 

Parapontanum parvus * - 

Oithona nana Giesbrecht - * C 

Oithona plumifera Baird - * MC 

Corycaeus clausi F. Dhal * - 

Isias clavipes Boeck * - 

Euterpina acutiforns Dana * * C 

Microsetella norvegica Boeck * * R 

Amallothrix auropecten * - 

Echinocomptus spp. * - 

Canuella sp. - * VR 

Harpacticus littoralis Sars - * R 

Metis Jousseaumei Richard - * VR 

Cladocera 

Bosmina coregoni maritima Muller * - 

Evadne spinifera Muller * * R 

Evadne tergestina Claus - * R 

Podon polyphemoides Leuckart - * VR 

Rotifera 

Synchaeta calva * * MC 

Synchaeta sp. - * R

Coelentrates 

Rhizostoma pulmo * * VR 

Obelia spp - * R 

Catylorphiza tuberculata * - 

Petropods 

Limacina inflata D'orbigng * * R 

Cheatognatha 

Sagitta setosa Muller - * C 

Appendicularians 

Oikopleura longicauda Vogt - * R 

Meroplankton 

Polycheate larvae * * C 

Cirriped larvae * * MC 

Molluscan larvae * * C 

Echinodermats larvae * * VR 

Ostracod spp * * R 

Chironomus larvae - * VR 

Mysis sp - * VR 

Fish egg & embryos - * VR 

Free living nematoda * * VR 

ANNEX 5 


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Systematic listing of the insect fauna in Zaranik Protected Area together with the status of the species. C = common; MC = moderately 

common; R = rare; VC = very common; VR = very rare. 

Species Common Name Status 

BLATTARIA 

Blattidae 

Blattella arundinicola Werner Cockroach M C 

Heterogamodes cerverae Bolivar Sand cockroach V C 

Periplaneta americana (L.) American cockroach M C 

Periplaneta tartara Saussure Cockroach R 

COLEOPTERA 

Anobiidae 

Lasioderma sp. Cigarette beetle R 

Stegobium panicum (L.) Bread beetle V C 

Xyletinus bucephalus bucephalus Illiger Drug store beetle R 

Anthicidae 

Anthicus floralis (L.) Ant beetle R 

Anthicus sp1 Ant beetle M C 




Carabidae 

Anthia sexmaculata pharaonum Bedel Domino Beetle M C 

Cicindela aulica Dejean Tiger beetle R


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Cicindela litorea Forskal Tiger beetle V C 

Megacephala euphratica Lat. Ground beetle R 

Paussus thomsoni Reiche Ground beetle R 

Pogonus gilvipes Dejean Ground beetle R 

Scarites guineensis Dejean Ground beetle M C 

Syrdenus grayi Wollaston Ground beetle V C 

Tachys scutellaris aegyptiacus Sch. & Koch Ground beetle C 

Trichis maculatus Klug Ground beetle R 

Cerambycidae 

Phytoecia sp. wood boring beetle V R 

Prionus aegyptiacus Pic Palm stem borer V C 

Cleridae 

Necrobia rufipes (Degeer) Copra or red-legged ham beetle R 

Coccinellidae 

Coccinella undecimpunctata Lady bird beetle C 

Dermestidae 

Attagenus sp. Carpet beetle R 

Dermestes maculatus Degeer Skin or hide beetle C 

Dytiscidae 

Eretes sticticus L. Diving beetle V R 

Elateridae 

Isidus letourneuxi Pic Click beetle V R 

Histeridae 

Saprinus sp1 Hister beetle R 

Saprinus sp2 Hister beetle R 

Hydrophilidae 

Sternolophus solieri Lapouge Water scavenger beetle V C 

Lathrididae 

Melanophthalma distinguenda Comolli R 

Nitidulidae 

Nitidula ciliata Erichson Sap-feeding beetle M C 

Nitidula sp1 Sap-feeding beetle M C 

Nitidula sp2 Sap-feeding beetle R 

Oedemeridae 

G1 sp V R 

Phalacridae 

Olibrus corticalis Panzer Shining flower beetle M C 

Ptinidae 

Ptinus soubironi Pic Spider beetle V C 

Scarabaeidae 

Aphodius dorsalis Klug Dung beetle M C 

Aphodius hydrochoereis (Fabricius) Dung beetle R 

Aphodius lucidus Klug Dung beetle V C 

Aphodius pallescens Walker Dung beetle V C 

Aphodius sp Dung beetle R 

Onthophagus melanocephalus Klug M C


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Oryctes nasicornis (L.) Unicorn beetle M C 

Phyllognathus excavatus Forster Unicorn beetle V C 

Rhyssemus coluber Klug Dung beetle R 

Scarabaeus cristatus Fabricius Scrab beetle M C 

Trox squalidus (Olivier) Dung beetle R 

Bledius capra capra Fauvel Rove beetle V C 

Philonthus sp Rove beetle R 

Tenebrionidae 

Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer Darkling beetle M C 

Blaps polychresta Forskal Darkling beetle C 

Cataphronetis apicilaevis Marseul Darkling beetle R 

Clitobius oblongiuscalus lineicollis Fairmaire Darkling beetle R 

Clitobius ovatus Erichson Darkling beetle R 

Mesostena sp. Darkling beetle C 

Oterophloeus alreatus peyerimhoffi Koch Darkling beetle C 

Phaleria prolixa aegyptiaca Seidlitz Darkling beetle C 

Pimelia angulata sinaitica Sch. & Koch Darkling beetle C 

Pimelia barthelemyi Solier Darkling beetle C 

Prionotheca coronata Olivier Darkling beetle V C 

Scaurus aegyptiacus Solier Darkling beetle V C 

Scleron sp. Darkling beetle R 

Tentyrina orbiculata Fabricius Darkling beetle C 

Zophosis plana plana Fabricius Sand swimmer beetle R 

Throscidae 

Throscus sp. Pseudo-click beetle C 

DERMAPTERA 

Labiduridae 

Labidura confusa Capra Earwig M C 

DIPTERA 

Asilidae 

Apoclea femoralis Wiedemann Robber fly M C 

Nemochtherus clypeatus Becker Robber fly M C 

Neolophonotus molitor Wied Robber fly M C 

Promachus griseiventris Becker Robber fly V C 

Bombyliidae 

Exhyalanthrax sp. Bee fly R 

Petrorossia sp. Bee fly R 

Spogostylum candidum (Sack) Bee fly R 

Chironomidae 

Cricotopus mediterraneus Midge V C 

Culicidae 

Culex pusillus (Macquart) Mosquito V C 

Ephydridae 

Actoecetor margaritatus Wied. V C 

G1 sp. Shore fly M C 

G2 sp. Shore fly M C


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Notiphila setigera Bick. Shore fly C 

Muscidae 

Musca albina Wied. House fly R 

Musca domestica L. House fly V C 

Musca sp. House fly R 

Otitidae 

Physiphora alcae (Preyssler) Pictured-winged fly V C 

Physiphora smaragdina Loew Pictured-winged fly V C 

Sarcophagidae 

Wohlfahrtia villeneuvi Sal Flesh fly M C 

Stratiomyidae 

Nemotelus albifascies Bick Soldier fly C 

Syrphidae 

Syrphus corollae Fabricius Flower fly M C 

Tabanidae 

Ochropus agrestis Wied. Horse fly C 

Tabanus albifacies Loew Horse fly R 

Tachinidae 

Actia crassicornis (Meigen) Tachinid fly M C 

Eurithia castellana (Strobl) Tachinid fly M C 

Exorista larvarum (L.) Tachinid fly M C 

G1 sp. Tachinid fly M C 

Nemorilla floralis (Fallen) Tachinid fly M C 

Siphona efflatouni Mesnil Tachinid fly M C 

Therevidae 

Neothereva angustifrons Krob. Therevid fly R 

Psilocephala frauenfeldi Loew Therevid fly R 

EMBIOPTERA 

Oligotomidae 

Oligotoma sp. Web-spinner R 

HETEROPTERA 

Cydnidae 

Geotomus intrusus Wagner Burower bug C 

Macroscytus Brunneus (Fieber) Burower bug C 

Lygaeidae 

G1 sp. Seed bug M C 

Geocoris henoni Puton Ground bug M C 

Lamprodema maurum Fabricius Seed bug M C 

Nysius cymoides (Spinola) Ground bug M C 

Pachybrachius annulipes (Bar.) Seed bug M C 

Miridae 

Campylomma sp. Capsid bug M C 

Lygus apicalis Fieber Capsid bug M C 

Tuponia lethierryi Reuter Capsid bug M C 

Tuponia sp. Capsid bug M C 

Pentatomidae


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Acrosternum heegeri (Fieber) Shield bug R 

Acrosternum millieri (Mulsant & Rey) Shield bug R 

Choarntha ornatula (H-Sch.) Shield bug V C 

Mecidea lindbergi Wagner Shield bug R 

Rhopalidae 

Liorhyssus hyalinus Fabricius M C 

HOMOPTERA 

F1 

G1 sp. M C 

F2 

G1 sp. R 

HYMENOPTERA 

Evaniidae 

Evania dimidiata Ensign wasp M C 

Formicidae 

Camponotus maculatus Carpenter ant C 

Camponotus oasium Forel Carpenter ant V C 

Cardiocondyla sp1 Ant M C 

Cardiocondyla sp2 Ant M C 

Cataglyphis diehli (Forel) Ant M C 

Cataglyphis lividus (Andre) Ant V C 

Cataglyphis niger (Andre) Ant M C 

Crematogaster aegyptiacus Mayr Ant V C 

Messor aegyptiacus Emery Harvester ant R 

Messor ebininus Santschi Harvester ant R 

Monomorium carbonarium (Smith) Ant M C 

Monomorium niloticum Emery Ant M C 

Pheidole katonae Forel Ant V C 

Pheidole sp. Ant M C 

Ichneumonidae 

G1 sp. Ichneumon-fly R 

Mutillidae 

G1 sp. Velvet ant R 

G2 sp. Velvet ant R 

Pompilidae 

G1 sp. Spider-hunting wasp R 

LEPIDOPTERA 

Arctiidae 

Utetheisa pulchella L. M C 

Noctuidae 

Agrotis herzogi Rebel M C 

Agrotis ipselon (Hufnagel) Greasy or black cutworm M C 

Armada sp. M C 

Autographa gamma L. R 

Earias insulana (Boisduval) Spiny bollworm M C 

Grammodes boisdeffrei Oberthur V C


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Helicoverpa armigera Hubner C 

Leucanitis kabyfaria R 

Mythemna loryei Duponchel M C 

Noctua floralis H. M C 

Noctua pronuba L. R 

Ophiusa tirhaca Cramer R 

Plusia sp. R 

Polia sp. R 

Propsalta sp. R 

Protoschinia sp. R 

Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) Beet army worm M C 

Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval M C 

Pyralidae 

Anerastia nitidicostella Ragonot V C 

Antigastra sp. R 

Nephoterix cleopatrella Ragonot R 

Nomophila noctuella D. & Sch. C 

Syria pilosella Zeller R 

Sphingidae 

Agrius convolvuli L. Sphinx moth C 

Macroglossum stelltarum L. Sphinx moth C 

Tineidae 

Trichophaga abruptella M C 

Trichophaga tapetzella L. M C 

MANTODEA 

Mantidae 

Blepharobsis mendica (Fabricius) Mantis C 

Emeles aegyptiaca Werner Mantis C 

Iris orlatoria (L.) Mantis V R 

Reivetina fasciata (Thunberg) Mantis C 

NEUROPTERA 

Chrysopidae 

Chrysoperla carnea carnea (Stephens) Aphid-lion M C 

Myrmelionidae 

Creoleon antennatus (Navas) Ant-lion C 

Cueta lineosa (Rambur) Ant-lion C 

G1 sp. Ant-lion M C 

Gepus curvatus Navas Ant-lion C 

Gepus invisus Navas Ant-lion C 

Myrmecaelurus laetus (Klug) Ant-lion C 

Neoclisis lineata Navas Ant-lion V C 

Neurleon lugubris Ant-lion C 

Phanoclisi longicollis Ant-lion C 

Pseudoformicales nobilis Navas Ant-lion C 

ODONATA 

Aeschnidae


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Anax parthenope (Selys) Emperor dragonfly V R 

Coenagriidae 

Ischnura senegalensis (R.) Damselfly R 

Libellulidae 

Crocothemis erythraea Brulle Dragonfly R 

ORTHOPTERA 

Acrididae 

Hyalorhipis rhamses Saussure Grasshopper M C 

Leptopternis gracilis (Ev.) Grasshopper M C 

Platypterna gracilis Krauss Grasshopper R 

Tryxalis nasuta (L.) Grasshopper M C 

Gryllidae 

Gryllodes sigillatus (Walker) Cricket R 

Gryllomorpha rufescens Uvarov Cricket V C 

Gryllopsis mareoticus (Warner) Cricket R 

Gryllus bimaculatus Degeer Cricket M C 

Modicogryllus algericus (Saussure) Cricket C 

Modicogryllus palmetorum (Krauss) Cricket R 

Stenonemobius gracilis (Jakovlev) Tree cricket R 

Pyrogomorphidae 

Pyrogomorpha sp. Grasshopper M C 

SIPHONAPTERA 

F1 

G1 sp. Flea R 

STREPSIPTERA 

Mengenillidae 

Mengenilla sp. V R 

THYSANURA 

F1 

G1 sp. Firebrat C 



ANNEX 6 

List of the tentatively identified species of Arachnida collected from Zaranik Protected Area . 

Order:Araneida (Spiders) 

Family :Agelenidae Agelena lepida 

Family :Araneidae Argiope lobata, Argiope sp., Cyclosa sp., ? sp. 

Family :Clubionidae Cheiracanthium canariense?, Cheiracanthium sp.1, 

Cheiracanthium sp.2, ? sp.1, ? sp.2 

Family :Eresidae Stegodyphus lineatus 

Family :Gnaphosidae Pterotricha lesserti ?, Zelotes sp., ? sp.1, ? sp.2, ? sp.3, ? sp.4 

Family :Linyphiidae ?sp. 

Family :Liocranidae ? sp.1, ? sp.2 

Family : Lycosidae ?sp.1, ?sp.2, ?sp.3 

Family :Nemesiidae ?sp. 

Family :Oonopidae ?sp.


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Family :Philodromidae Ebo sp., Thanatus sp. 

Family :Pholcidae ? sp. 

Family: Salticidae Menemerus animatus ?, Mogrus sp., lexippus paykulli, ? sp.1, ? sp.2, ? sp.3, ? 

sp.4, ? sp.5 

Family :Scytodidae Scytodes sp. 

Family :Sparassidae ?sp. 

Family :Tetragnathidae ?sp.1, ? sp.2 

Family :Theridiidae ? sp.1, ? sp.2, ? sp.3, ? sp.4, ? sp.5, ? sp.6 

Family :Thomisidae Thomisus sp., Xysticus sp. 

Family :Uloboridae Uloborus sp. 

Family :Zodariidae Zodarion sp. 

Order : Pseudoscorpionida (Fale Scorpions) 

Family :Olpiidae 9 specimens 

Family :Chernetidae 1 specimen 

Order :Scorpionida (Scorpions) 

Family :Buthidae Androctonus amoreuxi, Androctonus bicolor, Buthacus leptochelys 

ANNEX 7 

Systematic list of the crustacea and fish recorded in Lake Bardawil with their status. C = common; MC = moderately common; R = rare; VR = very rare. 

Scientific name English name 

CLASS: CRUSTACEA 

Order: Decapoda 

Sub-order: Macrura 

Family: Penaeidae 

Arabic name Status 

Penaeus japonicus (Bate, 1888) Krevette Kurma Gambari yabani MC 

Penaeus kerathurus (Forsskal, 1775) Caramote Prawn Gambari azzaz R 

Penaeus semisulcatus (De Haan, 1844) Green Tiger Prawn Gambari swesi C 

Metapenaeus monoceros Red Shrimp Gambari ahmar C 

Metapenaeus tebbingi (Nobili, 1904) Peregrine Shrimp Gambari abiad C 

Sub-order: Brachyura 

Family: Lupidae 

Lupa pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1746) Blue swimming crab Kaborya C 

CLASS: CHONDRICHTHYSES (cartilaginous fish) 

Family: Rhinobatidae 

Rhinobatos rhinobatos (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Guitar Fish Haradi R 

CLASS: OSTEICHTHYSES (bony fish) 

Family: Mugilidae (mullets) 

Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) Flathead Grey Mullet Bouri horr C 

Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) Thin Lip Mullet Toubara C 

Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) Gold Spottd Mullet Dahbana C 

Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) Leaping Mullet Garan R 

Liza carinata (Valenciennes, 1836) Keeled Mullet Seheya R 

Chelone labrosus (Risso, 1826) Thick Lip Mullet Calon R 

Family: Cyprinodontidae


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Aphanius fasciatus (Valencienns, 1821) Toothed Carps R 

Aphanius dispar (Rüppel, 1829) Toothed Carps R 

Family: Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks) 

Hemiramphus far (Forsskal, 1775) Black-barred Halfbeak Abou-Monkar R 

Family: Sparidae (Sea Breams) 

Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) Gilthead Sea Bream Denis C 

Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) Porgies Mouza R 

Dentex dentex (Linaeus, 1758) Common Dentex R 

Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) Striped Sea Bream VR 

Family: Atherinidae (Silverside, Sand Smelt) 

Atherina boyeri (Risso, 1810) Big-scale Sand Smelt Besaeia R 

Atherina benguis (Risso, 1810) 

Family: Moronidae (Sea Bas) 

Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) Sea Bass Karous C 

Dicentrarchus punctatus (Bloch, 1792) Spotted Sea Bass Nokt R 

Family: Sciaenidae (Drums, Croakers) 

Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) Meagre Loot MC 

Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Corb VR 

Family: Soleidae 

Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Sole Samak Musa C 

Family: Pomatomidae 

Pomatomus saltator (Linaeus, 1766) Blue Fish VR 

Family: Theraponidae 

Therapon jarbua (Forskal, 1775) Grunters, Thornfish R 

Family: Gobiidae 

Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 1770) Sand Goby R 

Pomatoschistus mormaratus (Risso,1816) Marbled Goby R 

Family: Triglidae 

Trigla lyra (Linnaeus, 1758) Piper Gurnard VR 

Family: Scorpaenidae 

Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758) Black Scorpion Fish VR 

Family: Cichlidae 

Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848) Tilapia Bolti akhdar R 

Family: Siganidae 

Siganus rivularis (Fowler & Bean, 1929) Rabbit Fish Sigan R 

Family: Anguillidae 

Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) Europaean Eel Thoban Elsamak R 

Family: Lutjanidae 

Lujanus lutjanus (Bloch, 1790) Big-eye Snapper Shokhrom R 

Family: Serranidae (Groupers) 

Epinephelus aeneus (St. Hilaire, 1817) White Grouper Wakar MC


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ANNEX 8 

Systematic listing of the species of reptiles recorded in Zaranik Protected Area. C = common; MC = moderately common; VC = very 

common; F = frequent; R = rare; VR = very rare; E = endangered; * = not observed during presnt survey. 

CLASS: REPTILIA 

Scientific name English name Arabic name Status 

Oder: SQUAMATA 

Suborder: Sauria (Lizards) 

Family: Gekkonidae 

Hemidactylus turcicus Turkish Gecko Bors R 

Ptycodactylus hasselquistii Fan-footed Gecko Bors R 

Stenodactylus petrii Petrie’s Gecko Bors El-Raml C 

Stenodactylus sthenodactylus Elegant Gecko Bors El-Raml VR 

Family: Agamidae 

Trapelus savignyi Savigny’s Agama Hardun C 

Uromastix aegyptius Dabb VR* 

Family: Lacertidae 

Acanthodactylus boskianus Bosc’s Lizard Orban R 

Acanthodactylus longipes Saharan Fringe-toed lizard Orban C 

Acanthodactylus scutellatus Nidua Lizard Orban VC 

Mesalina olivieri Olivier’s Lizard Orban C 

Family: Scincidae 

Chalcides ocellatus Ocellated Skink Malaga Samra R 

Scincus scincus Sandfish Malaga Safra C 

Sphenops sepsoies Audoin’s Sand Skink Abul-Mallal C 

Family: Chameleontidae 

Chamaeleo chamaeleon Chameleon Herbaya C 

Family: Varanidae 

Varanus griseus Desert Monitor Waral C 

Order: Ophidia (Snakes) 

Family: Viperidae 

Cerasts vipera Sand Viper Herfsh R 

Family: Colubridae 

Lytorhynchus diadema Sand Snake Ham Ramly C 

Psammophis schokari Schokari Sand Snake Ham Selimani C 

Spalerosophis diadema Clifford’s Snake Ham VR 

Malpolon moilensis Molia Snake VR* 

Order: Chelonia 

Family: Testudinidae 

Testudo kleinmanni Egyptian Tortoise Sohlefa R,E 

Family: Cheloniae 

Caretta caretta Loggrhead Turtle Tersa VC 

Scientific name English name Arabic name Status 

Chelonia mydas Green Turtle Tersa C 

Dermochelys coriacea Leather-backed Turtle Tersa VR* 

ANNEX 9 

Birds known to occur in the Zaranik Protected Area and their status in the Protectorate and in Egypt. 

A = Abundant ; Ac = Accidental; AuP = Autumn Passer; B = Breeder; C = Common; F = Former; O = Occasional; P = Passer; R = Rare; Re = 

Resident; Sc = Scarce; SP = Spring Passer; SuV = Summer Visitor; Uc = Uncommon; WV = Winter Visitor. * = endemic. 

No. English Name & Scientific Name Status in Zaranik Status in Egypt 

Order: PROCELLARIIFORMES 

Family: Procellariidae 

1 Cory's Shearwater Calonectris d. diomedea ScP ScP 

2 Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus RP RP 

3 Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus yelkouan ScP ScP 

Order: PODICIPEDIIFORMES 

Family: Podicipedidae 

4 Little Grebe Tachybaptus r. ruficollis RRe CRe 

5 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps c. cristatus ScWV CWV 

6 Black-necked Grebe Podiceps n. nigricollis CWV CWV 

Family: Phalacrocoracidae 

7 Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis CP & CWV CP & CWV 

Family: Sulidae 

8 Gannet Sula b. bassana RP RP 

Family: Pelecanidae 

9 White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus CP CP


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Order: CICONIIFORMES 

Family: Ardeidae 

10 Night Heron Nycticorax n. nycticorax CP CP & CWV 

11 Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides CP CRe, CP & ScWV 

12 Cattle Egret Egretta i. ibis CP CRe, CP & CWV 

13 Little Egret Egretta g. garzetta CP ScRe, CP& CWV 

14 Great White Egret Egretta a. alba ScR & CWV ScP & ScWV 

15 Grey Heron Ardea c. cinerea CP RRe, CP& CWV 

16 Purple Heron Ardea p. purpurea CP CP,RWV& RSuV 

17 Goliath Heron Ardea goliath RWV RRe & RWV 

18 Bittern Botaurus s. stellaris RWV RWV 

19 Little Bittern Ixobrychus m. minutus CRe CRe 

Family: Ciconiidae 

20 Black Stork Ciconia nigra RP ScP, RWV&ScSuV 

21 White Stork Ciconia c. ciconia CP CP,ScWV&ScSuV 

Family: Threskiornithidae 

22 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus RP ScAuP, CSP & UcWV 

23 Spoonbill Platalea l. leucorodia RAuP RRe, RSuV, ScP & ScWV 

ORDER: PHOENICOPTERIFORMES 

Family: Phoenicopteridae 

24 Greater FlamingoPhoenicopterus ruber roseus CWV ScRe 

Order: ANSERIFORMES 

Family: Anatidae 

25 Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna CWV CWV 

26 Wigeon Anas penelope CP & CWV CP & CWV 

27 Gadwall Anas s. strepera ScP & ScWV Sc P & CWV 

28 Teal Anas c. crecca CP & CWV CP & CWV 

29 Mallard Anas p. platyrhynchos CP & CWV Ore, CP & CWV 

30 Pintail Anas a. acuta CP & CWV CP & CWV 

31 Garganey Anas querquedula CP CP 

32 Shoveler Anas clypeata CP & CWV CP, CWV&RSuV 

33 Marbled Duck Marmaronetta angustirostris RRe RRe 

34 Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina OWV ScWV 

35 Common Pochard Aythya ferina CWV CP,CWV& RSuV 

36 Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca UcP CP & CWV 

37 Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula UcP CP & CWV 

38 Red-breasted Merganser Mergus s. serator RWV RWV 

Order: ACCIPITRIFORMES 

Family: Accipitridae 

39 Honey Buzzard Pernis a. apivorus ScAuP ScAuP & CSP 

40 Buzzard Buteo buteo vulpinus CP CP, UcV& SuV 

41 Steppe Buzzard Buteo buteo vulpinus CP CP, UcWV& SuV 

42 Long-legged Buzzard Buteo r. rufinus ScP ORe, ScP &ScWV 

43 Black Kite Milvus m. migrans CSP ScRe & CP 

44 Short-toed Eagle Circaetus g. gallicus CP ARe, CP, OSuV & OWV 

45 Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila p. pomarina CP CP & RWV 

46 Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis orientalis CP CP, RWV &RSuV 

47 Imperial Eagle Aquila h. heliaca RP RP & UcWV 

48 Booted Eagle Hieraaetus p. pennatus ScP ScP & RWV 

49 Egyptian Vulture Neophron p. percnopterus RRe RRe & RP 

50 Griffon Vulture Gyps f. fulvus ScP FRe, ScP & RWV 

51 Marsh Harrier Circus a. aeruginosus ScP & ScWV ScP & ScWV 

52 Hen Harrier Circus c. cyaneus RP RP & RWV 

53 Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus ScP & ScWV ScP & ScWV 

54 Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus ScP RP & OWV 

55 Sparrowhawk Accipiter n. nisus CP CP & ScWV 

56 Levant Sparrowhawk Accipter brevipes CP CP 

Family:Pandionidae 

57 Osprey Pandion h. haliaetus ScRe, CP & CWV CRe& SPWV 

Order: FALCONIFORMES 

Family: Falconidae 

58 Lesser Kestrel Falco n. naumanni CSuP OB,Sc AuP&OWV 

59 Kestrel Falco t. tinnunculus Unknown CRe 

60 Red-footed Falcon Falco v. vespertinus RAuP ScAuP & RSP 

61 Hobby Falco s. subbuteo RB ScP & RSuV 

62 Merlin Falco columbarius aesalon RWV RWV 

63 Eleonora's Falcon Falco eleonorae RP RP 

64 Sooty Falcon Falco concolor RB ScB 

65 Lanner Falco biarmicus tanypterus RRe ScRe 

66 Peregrine Falcon Falco p. peregrinus RAuP RP & RWV 

67 Saker Falco c. cherrug RP & RWV RP & RWV


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Order: GALLIFORMES 

Family: Phasianidae 

68 Quail Coturnix c. coturnix CP ScRe, CP, UcWV& RSuV 

Order: GRUIFORMES 

Family: Gruidae 

69 Crane Grus g. grus RAuP CP & OWV 

Family: Rallidae 

70 Water Rail Rallus a. aquaticus RP CRe & CWV 

71 Little Crake Porzana parva RP AcRe,Sc P&ScWV 

72 Corncrake Crex crex RP ScP 

73 Moorhen Gallinula c. chloropus CP & CWV CRe, AP & AWV 

74 Coot Fulica a. atra AWV RRe,AWV,RSuV 

Order: CHARDRIIFORMES 

Family: Rostratulidae 

75 Painted Snipe Rostratula b. benghalensis ARe CRe 

Family: Haematopodidae 

76 Oystercatcher Haematopus o. ostralegus RP ScP,ScWV&RSuV 

Family: Recurvirostridae 

77 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus h. himantopus ScP RB, RWV & CP 

78 Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta CWV RRe, CWV& CSuV 

Family: Burhinidae 

79 Common Thick-knee Burhinus o. oedicnemus CRe & ScAuP CRe, P& CWV 

Family: Glareolidae 

80 Cream-coloured Courser Cursorius c. cursor CRe & RAuP CRe & CP 

81 Collared Pratincole Glareola p. pratincola ScAuP CP & RWV 

82 Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni RAuP RP 

Family: Charadriidae 

83 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius curonicus ScP ScP & RWV 

84 Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula tundrae CAuP CP & CWV 

85 Kentish Plover Charadrius a. alexandrinus CAuP CRe, CP & CWV 

86 Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii ScB CP, WV & ORe 

87 Dotterel Charadrius morinellus RAuP ScWV 

88 Golden Plover Pluvialis a. apricaria RWV ScWV 

89 Grey Plover Pluvialis s.squatarola ScP & WV CP,ScWV&Uc SuV 

90 Spur-winged Plover Hoplopterus spinosus OB CRe 

91 White-tailed Plover Chettusia leucura RAuP RP, OW & OSuP 

92 Lapwing Vanellus vanellus RAuP&CWV CP &CWV 

Family: Scolopacidae 

93 Knot Calidris c. canutus RAuP& RSuP RP, OWV & SuP 

94 Sanderling Calidris alba CAuP CP &CWV 

95 Little Stint Calidris minuta CAuP AP, WV& UcWV 

96 Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii ScP & RWV ScP & RWV 

97 Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea CAuP ScAuP, CSP& R WV 

98 Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola f. falcinellus RAuP RP&OWV 

99 Dunlin Calidris a. alpina CAuP AP & AWV 

100 Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus RAuP Sc & ScWV 

101 Snipe Gallinago g. gallinago RAuP CP & CWV 

102 Great Snipe Gallinago media RAuP RP& OWV 

103 Ruff Philomachus pugnax CAuP CP , CWV& RSuV 

104 Black-tailed Godwit Limosa l. limosa ScAuP CP, RWV & RSuV 

105 Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa l. lapponica OAuP RP & RWV 

106 Whimbrel Numenius p. phaeopus ScAuP ScP, R WV & SuV 

107 Slender-billed Curlew Numenius tenuirostris AP & AWV R P & RWV 

108 Curlew Numenius a. arquata ScAuP Sc P &ScWV 

109 Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus UcAuP&CSuP CP & Sc WV 

110 Redshank Tringa t. totanus CAuP CP , CWV& OSuV 

111 Greenshank Tringa nebularia RAuP& ScWV CP, ScWV& RSuV 

112 Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis RAuP ScP & ScWV 

113 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus CAuP CP, ScWV& RSuV 

114 Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola RAuP CP, ScWV&RSuV 

115 Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus RAuP RP 

116 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos CAuP CP& ScWV 

117 Turnstone Arenaria i. interpres ScAuP ScP & SWV 

Family: Phalaropodidae 

118 Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus RAuP RAuP 

119 Grey Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius RAuP UcP &UcWV 

Family: Stercorariidae 

120 Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus RSuV & AuP RP , RWV& RSuV 

121 Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus ScAuP ScP & SWV 

122 Long-tailed Skua Stercorarius longicaudus RAuP RP


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Family: Laridae 

123 Little Gull Larus minutus ScAuP ScWV 

124 Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus ScWV ScWV&RSuV 

125 Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus ScAuP AP , AWV& ScSuV 

126 Great Black-headed Gull Larus ichthyaetus RSP RP &RWV 

127 Slender-billed Gull Larus genei CAuP ScRe, CP, CWV& CSuV 

128 Audouin's Gull Larus audouinii AAuP RP 

129 Sooty Gull Larus hemprichii Unknown ScWV 

130 Common Gull Larus c. canus RWV RWV 

131 Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus f. fuscus CAuP CP , CWV& RSuV 

132 Yellow-legged Gull Larus c. cachinnans CWV RRe, ScSuV& CWV 

133 Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa t. tridactyla RWV RWV 

134 Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon n. nilotica ScAuP ScP& RWV 

135 Caspian Tern Sterna c. caspia RAuP CRe, ScP & WV 

136 Lesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis par RP RP 

137 Sandwich Tern Sterna s. sandvicensis CP , CWV&ScSuV CP , WV&ScSuV 

138 Common Tern Sterna h. hirundo CAuP CP& ScSuV 

139 Little Tern Sterna a. albifrons CB CB & CP 

140 Whiskered Tern Chlidonias h. hybridus ScAuP CP & CWV 

141 Black Tern Chlidonias n. niger RAuP ScP, RWV & SV 

142 White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus ScSuV& CAuP CP, ScSuV& OWV 

143 Spotted Sandgrouse Pterocles senegallus RRe CRe 

Order: COLUMBIFORMES 

Family: Columbidae 

144 Stock Pigeon Columba o. oenas RWV RWV 

145 Collared Dove Streptopelia d. decaocto ScRe CRe 

146 Turtle Dove Streptopeli turtur arenicola CP CB 

147 Palm Dove (Laughing Dove) Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca * ScRe ARe 

Order: CUCULIFORMES 

Family: Cuculidae 

148 Great Spotted Cuckoo Clamator glandarius UcP Rre& UcP 

149 Cuckoo Cuculus canorus ScP ScP 

Family: Strigidae 

150 Scops Owl Otus s. scops OAuP ScP 

151 Long-eared Owl Asio o. otus OAuP RWV 

152 Short-eared Owl Asio f. flammeus RAuP ScP & SWV 

153 Little Owl Athene noctua saharae CRe CRe 

Order: CAPRIMULGIFORMES 

Family: Caprimulgidae 

154 Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus meridionalis ScAuP ScP 

Order: APODIFORMES 

Family: Apodidae 

155 Swift Apus a. apus CP CP 

Order: CORACIIFORMES 

Family: Coeaciidae 

156 Roller Coracias g. garrulus ScP ScP 

Family: Alcedinidae 

157 Kingfisher Alcedo a. atthis ScAuP, ScWV&R SP OB, CP & CWV 

158 White-breasted Kingfisher Halcyon s.smyrnensis UcWV UcWV 

Family: Meropidae 

159 Bee-eater Merops apiaster CP&RB CP 

Family: Upupidae 

160 Hoopoe Upupa e. epops CRe & ScAuP CRe 

Family: Alaudidae 

161 Bar-tailed Desert Lark Ammomanes cincturus arenicolor CRe CRe 

162 Crested Lark Galerida cristata maculata ARe ARe 

163 Skylark Alauda arvensis cantarella CWV CWV 

164 Hoopoe Lark Alaemon a.alaudips CRe CRe 

165 Short-toed Lark Calandrella cinerea brachydactyla CAuP& RWV AP, ScWV&UcRe 

Order: PICIFORMES 

Family: Picidae 

166 Wryneck Jynx t. torquilla ScP ScP 

167 Sand Martin Riparia riparia shelleyi ARe, ScWV, CP & 

OSuV 

CP 

168 Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne r. rupestris RP RP &RWV 

169 House Martin Delichon u. urbica RSuV CP, RsuV& OWV 

170 Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica rufula CP CP, OSuV&OWV 

171 Swallow Hirundo rustica savignii * Unknown ARe 

Family: Motacillidae 

172 Tawny Pipit Anthus c. campestris CP&ScWV CP& ScWV 

173 Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis CP CP


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174 Meadow Pipit Anthus p. pratensis CWV CWV& ScP 

175 Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus CP & CWV AP&WV 

176 Water (Rock) Pipit Anthus spinoletta coutellii CWV CWV& UcP 

177 Egyptian Wagtail Motacilla flava pygmaea* Unknown CRe 

178 Grey Wagtail Motacilla c. cinerea ScAuP& CWV CP & WV 

179 White Wagtail Motacilla a. alba AP & AWV AP & WV 

Order: PASSERIFORMES 

Family: Laniidae 

180 Red-backed Shrike Lanius c. collurio CAuP, RSP& UcWV CAuP, RSP& UcWV 

181 Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius m. minor UcAuP CAuP& UcSP 

182 Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor elegans CRe CRe 

183 Masked Shrike Lanius nubicus CSP ScAuP& CSP 

184 Woodchat Lanius s. senator RAuP& CSP RAuP& CSP 

Family: Oriolidae 

185 Golden Oriole Oriolus o. oriolus CP CP 

Family: Corvidae 

186 Hooded Crow Corvus corone cornix UcRe CRe 

187 Brown-necked Raven Corvus r. ruficollis CRe CRe 

Family: Sylviidae 

188 Cetti's Warbler Cettia cettia orientalis Unknown Unknown 

189 Savi’s Warbler Locustella l. luscinoides RAuP ScP& UnWV 

190 Moustached Warbler Acrocephatus m. melanopogon RAuP ScP 

191 Rufous Bush Robin Cercotrichas g. galactotes CB&CP CB, CP& RWV 

192 Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus CP CP& UcWV 

193 Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scripaceus fucus Unknown CP& OWV 

194 Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus a. arundinaceus ScAuP&, CSP ScAuP& CSP 

195 Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris Unknown ScAuP& RSP 

196 Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais pallida elaeica CP CP 

197 Spectacled Warbler Sylvia c. conspicillata ScWV ScWV 

198 Sardinian Warbler Sylvia m. melanocephala RB, CP & CWV RB, CP &CWV 

199 Ruppell's Warbler Sylvia r. rueppelli CP C P& RWV 

200 Whitethroat Sylvia c. communis CP CP 

201 Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia c.curruca CAuP&, ASP CAuP, ASP, CWV& RSuV 

202 Garden Warbler Sylvia b. borin Unknown CP& RWV 

203 Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus b. bonelli CP CP& RSuV 

204 Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibiatrix CSP UcAuP& CSP 

205 Willow Warbler Phylloscopus t. trochilus CP CP 

206 River Warbler Locustella fluviatilis RP RP 

207 Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans albistriata CSP ScAuP, CSP & CWV 

208 Barred Warbler Sylvia n.nisoria RAuP RAuP&CS P 

209 Graceful Warbler Prinia gracilis palestine CRe ARe 

210 Olive-tree Warbler Hippolais olivetorum RP RP 

211 Blackcap Sylvia a. atricapilla ScP ScAuP,ScWV&CS P 

212 Chiffchaff Phylloscopus c. collybita CWV AP& CWV 

213 Graceful Prinia Prinia g. gracilis CRe ARe 

214 Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula p. parva ScP ScAuP,RSP&RWV 

215 Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa s. striata CP& UcWV CP&UcWV 

Family: Muscicapidae 

216 Semi-collared Flycatcher Ficedula semitorquata RAuP& CSP RAuP&CSP 

217 Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis RP RAuP&CSP 

218 Pied Flycatcher Ficedula h. hypoleuca RP RAuP& CSP 

Family: Turdidae 

219 Whinchat Saxicola r. rubetra CP CP 

220 Stonechat Saxicola torquata rubicola CP & CWV CP & CWV 

221 Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina CP & CWV CP & CWV 

222 Wheatear Oenanthe o. oenanthe CP& UcWV CP& UcWV 

223 Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica melanoleuca CAuP CP& UcWV 

224 Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti homachroa UcP RRe & RWV 

225 Mourning Wheatear Oenanthe lugens halophila RRe CRe 

226 Redstart Phoenicurus p. phoenicurus CP& UcWV CP& UcWV 

227 Rock Thrush Monticola s. saxatilis ScP ScAuP,CSP& UcWV 

228 Thrush Nightingale Luscinia luscinia CAuP, CAuP& ScSP 

229 Nightingale Luscinia m. megarhynchos ScAuP& CSP ScAuP& CSP 

230 Bluethroat Luscinia s. svecica CP & CWV CP &CWV 

231 Blackbird Turdus m. merula CRe CRe &CWV 

232 Blue Rock Thrush Monticola s.solitarius CP & CWV ORe, CP & CWV 

233 Song Thrush Turdus p. philomelos CWV CWV 

Family: Passeridae 

234 House Sparrow Passer domesticus niloticus CRe ARe 

235 Spanish Sparrow Passer h. hispaniolensis ScWV AP, AWV&OSuV


Annex III 

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Family: Fringillidae 

236 Greenfinch Carduelis chloris aurantiiventris CRe & CWV CWV 

237 Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis niediecki CRe CRe 

Family: Emberizidae 

238 Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana RAuP CP&OWV 

239 Cretzschmar's Bunting Emberiza caesia RP CP 

240 Black-headed Bunting Emberiza melanocephala RP RP 

241 Corn Bunting Emberiza c. calandra CWV CP &WV


Annex III 

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ANNEX 10 

Scientific name 

Mammals of Zaranik Protected Area with their abundance and status in Egypt. 

Abun = Abundance; A = abundant; C = common; LC = least concern; 

R = rare; Thr = threatened; Uc = uncommon 

English name 

ODER: INSECTIVORA 

1 -Family: 

Erinaceidae 

Abun Stat. 

Hemiechinus auritus (Fischer, 1882) Long Eared Hedgehog 

2- Family: Soricidae 

C LC 

Crocidura nana Dobson, 1890 Dwarf Shrew 

ORDER: CHIROPTERA 

3- family: Hipposideridae 

R LC 

Astellia tridens (E. Geoffroy, 1813) Leaf-nosed Trident Bat 

4- Family: Rhinolophidae 

Uc LC 

Rhinolophus clivosus Cretzschmar, 1928 Horse-shoe Bat 

5- Family: Vespertilionidae 

Uc LC 

Pipistrellus kuhli (Kuhl, 1819) Kuhl’s Pipistrelle Uc LC 

Otonycteris hemprichi Peters, 1859 Hemprich’s Long-eared Bat 

ORDER: LAGOMORPHA 

6- Family: Leporidae 

Uc LC 

Lepus capensis Linnaeus, 1758 Cape Hare 

ORDER: RODENTIA 

Sub-order: Myomorpha 

7- Family: Muridae 

Uc LC 

Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) Black Rat, House Rat Uc LC 

Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 House Mouse 

8- Family: Crecitidae 

C LC 

Gerbillus gerbillus (Olivier, 1801) Lesser Egyptian Gerbil A LC 

Gerbillus pyramidum Geoggroy, 1825 Greater Egyptian Gerbil A LC 

Gerbillus andersoni De Winton, 1902 Anderson’s Gerbil A LC 

Diplopdillus amoenus De Winton, 1902 Charming Dipodil Uc LC 

Merionis crassus Sundevall, 1842 Sundevall’s Jird Uc LC 

Psammomys obesus Cretzschmar, 1828 Fat Sand Rat 

9- Family: Dipodidae 

Uc LC 

Jaculus jaculus (Linnaeus, 1758) Lesser Egyptian Jerboa R LC 

Jaculus orientalis Erxleben, 1777 Greater Egyptian Jerboa 

ORDER: CARNIVORA 

10- Family: Canidae 

Uc Thr 

Vulpes zerda (Zimmrmann, 1780) Fennec Fox 

11- Family: Felidae 

Uc Thr 

Felix margarita Sand Cat Uc Thr 

Felix silvestris Wild Cat Uc Thr 

ANNEX 1 

An alphabetical list of 288 species representing 49 families of flowering plants recorded from Omayed Protected Area. The species are 

distinguished into two major groups (perennials vs. annuals or sometimes biennials). The life form of each species is given: Ch = 

chamaephytes; GH = geophytes-helpophytes; H = hemicryptophytes; HH = hydrophytes; P = phanerophytes; Th = therophytes. 

Endemic species are asterisked. 

Achillea santolina L. 

Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Trin. Ex Thwaites 

Agathophora alopecuroides (Delile) Fenzl ex Bunge 

Alhagi graecorum Boiss. 

Alkanna lehmanii (Tim.) A. DC. 

Allium desertorum Frossk. 

Allium erdellii Zucc. 

Allium roseum L. 

Species Family Life Form 

PERENNIALS 

Compositae H 

Gramineae 

G 

Chenopodiaceae 

Ch 

Leguminosae H 

Boraginaceae Ch 

Alliaceae G 

Alliaceae G 

Alliaceae G


Annex III 

Page 131 

Althaea ludwigii L. 

Malvaceae H 

Ammophila arenaria(L.) Link Gramineae 

G 

Anabasis articulata(Frossk.) Moq. 

Chenopodiaceae Ch 

Anabasis oropediorum Maire 

Chenopodiaceae Ch 

Anchusa azurea Miller 

Boraginaceae Ch 

Argyrolobium uniflorum (Decne.) Jaub. & Spach 

Leguminosae Ch 

Arisarum vulgare Targ.-Tozz. 

Araceae G 

Artemisia herba-alba Asso Compositae 

Ch 

Artemisia monosperma Delile Compositae 

Ch 

Arthrocemum macrostachyum (Moric.) K. Koch Chenopodiaceae 

Ch 

Asparagus aphyllus L. Liliaceae 

G 

Asparagus stipularis Forssk. 

Liliaceae G 

Asphodelus ramosus L. 

Liliaceae G 

Aster squamatus (Spreng.) Hieron Compositae 

Ch 

Astragalus caprinus L. Leguminosae 

Ch 

Astragaulus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl. 


Astragalus trigonus DC. 


Atractylis carduus (Forssk.) C. Chr. 

Compositae H 

Atriplex halimus L. Chenopodiaceae 

Ph 

Atriplex leucoclada Boiss Chenopodiaceae 

Ch 

Calligonum polygonoides subsp. comosum (L'Her.) Soskov 

Polygonaceae Ph 

Carduncellus eriocephalus Boiss. 

Compositae Ch 

Carduncellus mareoticus (Delile) Hanelt 

Compositae Ch 

Centaurea alexandrina Delile 

Compositae Ch 

Centaurea calcitrapa L. 

Compositae Ch 

Centaurea pumilio L. Compositae 

Ch 

Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Hook. 

Orobanchaceae P 

Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. 

Cucurbitaceae H 

Cleome africana Botsch. 

Cleomaceae Ch 

Colchicum ritchii R. Br. 

Liliaceae G 

Convolvulus arvensis L. 

Convolvulaceae H 

Convolvulus lanatus Vahl. 

Convolvulaceae Ph 

Cressa cretica L. 

Chenopodiaceae H 

Crucianella maritima L. Rubiaceae 

H 

Cynachum acutum L. 

Asclepiadaceae Ph 

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Gramineae 

G 

Cyperus capitatus Vand. Cyperaceae 

G 

Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae 

G


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Dactylis glomerata L. Gramineae 

Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC. Umbelliferae 

Dipcadi erythraeum Webb & Berthel. Liliaceae 

Ebenus armetagei Schweinf. & Taub. Leguminosae 

Echinops spinosissimus Turra Compositae 

Echiochilon fruticosum Desf. Boraginaceae 

Echium angustifolium subsp. sericeum (Vahl) Klotz Boraginaceae 

Elymus farctus (Viv.) Runemark ex Melderis Gramineae 

Eminium spiculatum (Blume) Schott Araceae 

Eryngium campestre L. Umbelliferae 

Euphorbia bivonae Stoud. Euphorbiaceae 

Euphorbia hierosolymitana Boiss. Euphorbiaceae 

Euphorbia paralias L. Euphorbiaceae 

Euphorbia retusa Forssk. Euphorbiaceae 

Fagonia cretica L. Zygophyllaceae 

Foeniculum vulgare Miller Umbelliferae 

Frankenia revoluta Forssk. Frankeniaceae 

Gagea fibrosa (Desf.) Schult. & Beauverd Liliaceae 

Globularia arabica Jaub. & Spach Globulariaceae 

Gymnocarpos decander Forssk. Caryophyllaceae 

Gynadriris sisyrinchium (L.) Parl. Iridaceae 

Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.) A. Juss. Rutaceae 

Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb. Chenopodiaceae 

Helianthemum kahirichum Del. Cistaceae 

Helianthemum lippii (L.) Dum. Cours. Cistaceae 

Helianthemum sphaerocalyx Gaub & Janchen * Cistaceae 

Helianthemum stipulatum (Forssk.) C. Chr. Cistaceae 

Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk. Boraginaceae 

Herniaria hemistemon J. Gay Caryophyllaceae 

Hyoscyamus muticus L. Solanaceae 

Hyoseris radiata subsp. Graeca Halacsy Compositae 

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. Gramineae 

Inula crithmoides L. Compositae 

Juncus acutus L. Juncaceae 

Juncus rigidus C.A. Mey. Juncaceae 

Kickxia aegyptiaca (L.) Nabelek Scrophulariaceae 

Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook. f. Compositae 

Leontodon tuberosus L. Compositae 

G 

Ch 

G 

H 

H 

Ch 

H 

G 

G 

G 

Ch 

H 

H 

H 

H 

Ch 

H 

G 

Ch 

Ch 

G 

Ch 

Ch 

Ch 

Ch 

Ch 

Ch 

Ch 

H 

H 

G 

G 

Ph 

G 

G 

Ch 

H 

G


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Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss. Plumbaginaceae 

Limonium pruinosum (L.) Chaz. Plumbaginaceae 

Limonium tubiflorum (Delile) Kuntze Plumbaginaceae 

Lolium perenne L. Gramineae 

Lotus creticus L. Leguminosae 

Lotus glaber Mill. Leguminosae 

Lotus polyphyllos E. D. Clarke Leguminosae 

Lycium europaeum L. Solanaceae 

Lycium schawii Roem. & Schult. Solanaceae 

Lygeum spartum Loefl. ex L. Gramineae 

Marrubium vulgare L. Labiatae 

Moltikiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) I.M. Johnst. Boraginaceae 

Moricandia nitens (Viv.) Durand & Barratte Cruciferae 

Narcissus tazetta L. Amaryllidaceae 

Noaea mucronota (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. Chenopodiaceae 

Ononis vaginalis Vahl Leguminosae 

Ornithogalum trichophyllum Boiss. & Heldr. Liliaceae 

Otanthus maritimus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link Compositae 

Pancratium maritimum L. Amaryllidaceae 

Pancratium sickenbergeri Asch. Amaryllidaceae 

Panicum turgidum Forssk. Gramineae 

Parietaria alsinifolia Delile Urticaceae 

Paronychia argentea Lam. Caryophyllaceae 

Peganum harmala L. Zygophyllaceae 

Phagnalon rupestre (L.) DC. Compositae 

Phlomis floccosa D. Don. Labiatae 

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Gramineae 

Plantago albicans L. Plantaginaceae 

Polycarpaea repens (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. Caryophyllaceae 

Polygonum equisetiforme Sm. Polygonaceae 

Polygonum martimum L. Polygonaceae 

Potamogeton pectinatus L. Potamogetonaceae 

Prasium majus L. Labiatae 

Reaumuria hirtella Jaub. & Spach Tamaricaceae 

Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb & Berthel. Leguminosae 

Rhodalsine geniculata (Poir.) F.N. Williams Caryophyllaceae 

Saccharum spontaneum L. Gramineae 

Salsola longifolia Forssk. Chenopodiaceae 

Ch 

H 

H 

G 

H 

H 

H 

Ph 

Ph 

G 

Th 

H 

Ch 

G 

Ch 

Ch 

G 

Ch 

G 

G 

G 

Th 

Ch 

H 

Ch 

Ph 

G,HH 

H 

H 

Ch 

Th 

HH 

Ch 

Ch 

Ph 

H 

G,HH 

Ch


Annex III 

Page 134 

Salsola tetragona Delile. Chenopodiaceae 

Salsola tetrandra Forssk. Chenopodiaceae 

Salsola vermiculata L. Chenopodiaceae 

Salvia aegyptiaca L. Labiatae 

Salvia lanigera Poir. Labiatae 

Salvia verbenaca L. Labiatae 

Sarcocorinia fruticosa (L.) A.J. Scott Chenopodiaceae 

Scorzonera undulata Vahl Compositae 

Silene succulenta Forssk. Caryophyllaceae 

Silybium marianum Compositae 

Sprobolus pungens (Schreb.) Kunth Gramineae 

Stipa capensis Thunb. Gramineae 

Stipa lagascae Roem. & Schult. Gramineae 

Stipagrostis ciliata (Desf.) de Winter Gramineae 

Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Munro ex T. Anderson Gramineae 

Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zohary Chenopodiaceae 

Suaeda pruinosa Lange Chenopodiaceae 

Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel. Chenopodiaceae 

Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge Tamaricaceae 

Teurcrium polium L. Labiatae 

Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl. Thymelaeaceae 

Thymus capitatus (L.) Link. Labiatae 

Traganum nudatum Delile Chenopodiaceae 

Varthemia candicans (Delile) Boiss. Compositae 

Typha domingensis (Pers.) Steud. Typhaceae 

Urginea undulata (Desf.) Steinh. Liliaceae 

Verbasum letourneuxii Asch. & Schweinf. Scrophulariaceae 

Zilla spinosa (L.) Prantl Cruciferae 

Zygophyllum album L. f. Zygophyllaceae 

Zygophyllum aegyptium Hosni * Zygophyllaceae Ch 

ANNUALS 

Adonis dentata Delile 

Ranunculaceae Th 

Aegilops bicornis (Forssk.) Jaub. & Spach 

Gramineae Th 

Aegilops kotschyii Bioss. 

Gramineae Th 

Ajuga iva (L.) Schreber 

Labiatae Th 

Ammochloa palaestina Boiss Gramineae 

Th 

Ammi visnaga L. Umbelliferae 

Th 

Anacyclus alexandrinus Wild. 

Compositae Th 

Ch 

Ch 

Ch 

H 

H 

H 

Ch 

G 

H 

H 

G 

H 

H 

H 

H 

Ch 

Ch 

Ch 

Th 

H 

Ph 

Ch 

Ch 

H 

G 

G 

H 

Th 

Ch


Annex III 

Page 135 

Anagallis arvensis L. 

Primulaceae Th 

Anchusa aegptiaca (L.) A. DC. 

Boraginaceae Th 

Anchusa hispida Forssk. 


Anchusa milleri Wild. 


Anthemis microsperma Boiss. & Kotschy 

Compositae Th 

Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss. & Kralik Boraginaceae 

Th 

Astragalus annularis Forssk. Leguminosae 

Th 

Astragalus asterias subsp. radiatus (Batt.) Greuter Leguminosae 

Th 

Astragalus boeticus L. Leguminosae 

Th 

Astragalus peregrinus Vahl Leguminosae 

Th 

Atractylis cancellata L. 

Compositae Th 

Avena barbata Pott. ex Link 

Gramineae Th 

Avena fatua L. 

Gramineae Th 

Bassia muricata (L.) Asch. 

Gramineae Th 

Brachypodium distachyum (L.) P. Beauv. Gramineae 

Th 

Brassica tournefortii Gouan Cruciferae 

Th 

Bromus rubens L. 

Gramineae Th 

Bupleurum lancifolium Hornem. 

Umbelliferae Th 

Bupleurum nanum Poir 


Bupleurum nodiflorum Sm. 


Bupleurum semicomposetum L. 


Cakile maritima Scop. Cruciferae 

Th 

Calendula arvensis L. 

Compositae Th 

Caspella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik 

Cruciferae Th 

Carduus getulus Pomel 

Compositae Th 

Carrichtera annua (L.) DC. 

Cruciferae Th 

Carthamus glaucus M. Bieb. 

Compositae Th 

Carthamus lanatus L. 

Compositae Th 

Centaurea glomerata Vahl 

Compositae Th 

Chenopodium murale L. 

Chenpodiaceae Th 

Chrysanthemum coronarium L. 

Compositae Th 

Convolvulus althaeoides L. 

Convolvulaceae Th 

Cichorium endivia subsp. pumilum (Jacq.) Cout. 

Compositae Th 

Conzya bonariensis (L.) Cronquist 

Compositae Th 

Crucianella aegyptiaca L. Rubiaceae 

Th 

Cuscuta planiflora Ten. Cuscutaceae 

P 

Cutandia dichotoma (Forssk.) Trab. 

Gramineae Th 

Cutandia memphetica (Spreng.) K. Richt. 

Gramineae Th


Annex III 

Page 136 

Daucus syrticus Murb. 


Emex spinosa L. Campbd. Polygonaceae 

Th 

Erodium crassifolium L. 

Geraniaceae Th 

Erodium laciniatum (Cav.) Wild. 


Erodium neuradifolium Delile 


Eruca sativa Mill. 

Cruciferae Th 

Erucaria pinnata (Viv.) Täckh. & Boulos 

Cruciferae Th 

Euphorbia granulata Forssk. Euphorbiaceae 

Th 

Euphorbia helioscopia L. Euphorbiaceae 

Th 

Euphorbia peplus L. Euphorbiaceae 

Th 

Filago desertorum Pomel 

Compositae Th 

Fumaria densiflora DC. Fumariaceae Th 

Herniaria hirsuta L. Caryophyllaceae 

Th 

Hippocrepis areolata Desv. Leguminosae 

Th 

Hippocrepis cyclocarpa Murb. Leguminosae 

Th 

Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum (Link.) Arcang. Gramineae 

Th 

Hyoseris scabra L. Compositae 

Th 

Ifloga spicata (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. Compositae 

Th 

Kochia indica Wight Chenopodiaceae 

Th 

Lactuca serriola L. Compositae 

H 

Lathyrus marmoratus Boiss. & Blanche Leguminosae 

Compositae 

Th 

Launaea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy 

Th 

Launaea resedifolia (L.) Kuntze Compositae 

Th 

Launaea tenuiloba (Boiss.) Kuntze Compositae 

Th 

Linaria albifrons (Sm.) Spreng. Scrophulariaceae 

Th 

Linaria haelava (Forssk.) Delile Scrophulariaceae 

Th 

Lobularia arabica (Boiss.) Muschler Cruciferae 

Th 

Lobularia libyca (Viv.) C.F.W. Meissn. Cruciferae 

Th 

Lolium multiflorum Lam. Gramineae 

Th 

Lolium perenne L. Gramineae 

Th 

Lotus arabicus L. Leguminosae 

Th 

Lotus halophilus Boiss. & Spruner Leguminosae 

Th 

Malva parviflora L. Malvaceae 

Th 

Matthiola longipetala subsp. hirta (Conti) Greuter & Burdet Cruciferae 

Th 

Matthiola longipetala subsp. livida (Delile) Maire Cruciferae 

Th 

Medicago intertexta (L.) Mill. Leguminosae 

Th 

Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill. Leguminosae 

Th 

Medicago minima L. Leguminosae 

Th

Medicago polymorpha L. Leguminosae 

Medicago truncatula Gaertn. Leguminosae 

Melilotus indica Leguminosae 

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Aizoaceae 

Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L. Aizoaceae 

Neuradaceae 

Neurada procumbens L. 

Ononis reclinata L. Leguminosae 

Ononis serrata Forssk. Leguminosae 

Onopordum alexandrinum Boiss. Compositae 


Annex III 

Page 137 

Orobanche crenata Forssk. Orobanchaceae 

Papaver rhoeas L. Papaveraceae 

Parapholis marginata Runemark Gramineae 

Paronychia arabica (L.) DC. Caryophyllaceae 

Phalaris minor Retz. Gramineae 

Picris asplenioides L. Compositae 

Plantago crypsoides Boiss Plantaginaceae 

Plantago notata Lag Plantaginaceae 

Plantago ovata Forssk. Plantaginaceae 

Polycarpon succulentum (Delile) J. Gay Caryophyllaceae 

Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. Caryophyllaceae 

Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Gramineae 

Pseudorlaya pumila (L.) Grande Umbelliferae 

Pulicaria arabica (L.) Cass. Compositae 

Reichardia tingitara (L.) Roth Compositae 

Reseda alba L. Resedaceae 

Reseda decursiva Forssk. Resedaceae 

Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev Gramineae 

Rumex pictus Forssk. Polygonaceae 

Rumex vesicarius L. Polygonaceae 

Salsola kali L. Chenopodiaceae 

Scabiosa eremophila Boiss. Dipsacaceae 

Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell. Gramineae 

Senecio glaucus subsp coronopifolius (Maire)C. Alexander Compositae 

Sielne colorata var. oliveriana (Otth) Muschler Caryophyllaceae 

Sielne villosa Forssk. Caryophyllaceae 

Sielne vivianii subsp. vivianii Steud. Caryophyllaceae 

Solanum nigrum L. Solanaceae 

Sonchus oleraceus L. Compositae 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th


Annex III 

Page 138 

Spergularia diandra (Guss.) Boiss. Caryophyllaceae 

Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. Caryophyllaceae 

Sphenopus divaricatus (Gouan) Rehb. Gramineae 

Sporobolus spicatus (Vahl) Kunth Gramineae 

Tribulus terrestris L. Zygophyllaceae 

Trifolium resupinatum L. Leguminosae 

Trigonella laciniata L. Leguminosae 

Trigonella stellata Forssk. Leguminosae 

Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC. Crassulaceae 

Urtica urens L. Urticaceae 

Vaccaria hispanica subsp. hispanica (mill.) Rauschert Caryophyllaceae 

Verbasum letourneuxii Asch. & Schweinf. Scrophulariaceae 

Vicia monantha Retz. Leguminosae 

Vicia sativa L. Leguminosae 

Xanthium spinosum L. Compositae 

ANNEX 2 

Systematic listing of invertebrate fauna recorded from Omayed Protected Area. * = endangered species. 

1. PHYLUM: MOLLUSCA 

Eremina desertorum Forsk. (desert snail) 

1 PHYLUM: ARTHROPODA 

2.1 Class: Crustacea 

1 Family: Oniscoidea:Agabiformes lentus (B.L.), Hemilepistus reaumeri Aubouin, 

Porcellio albinos B.L. 

2.2 Class: Insecta (insects) 

1. Order Coleoptera: 

1.1 Family: Carabidae: 

1.2 Broscus laevigatus Dej. 

1.3 Graphopterus serrata F. 

1.4 Harpalus tenebrosus Dej. 

Sphodrus leucophthalmus L. 

Cymindis setifensis 

Cymindis suturalis 

Scaritis evrytus 

Scarites buparis 

1.5 Family: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomela bicolor F., Arthrochlamys sp. 

1.6 Family: Coccinellidae: 

1.7 Chilomenes vicina var. nilotica Cr. 

1.8 Coccinella undecimpunctata L. 

Coccinella septempunctata L. 

Exochomus flavipes (Thunb.) var. nigripennis Er. 

Schymnus interruptus Gaeze. 

1.9 Family: Curculionidae: 

1.10 Larinus onopordi (Fabr.) 

1.11 Otiorhynchus hellenicus Stierl. 

1.12 Philopendon meridionalis (Jacq. Du Val.) 

Brachycerus spinicollis Bedel* 

Apion sp. 

1.5 Family: Histeridae: 

Saprinus aegyptiacus Mars. 

Saprinus gilvicornis Er. 

Saprinus semistriatus Sc. 

Saprinus pharao Mars 

Saprinus blanchei Mars 

Saprinus semipunctatus F. 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Ch 

Th 

Th 

Th 

H 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th 

Th

Saprinus moyses Mars 

Saprinus ornatus Er. 

Saprinus pulcherrimus Web. 

1.6 Family: Melyridae: Colotis cinctus Mots. 

1.7 Family: Scarabaeidae: 

Aegialia sp. 

Aphodius cognatus Fairm 

Aphodius klugi Schm. 

Aphodius granulifornis Fairm. 

Aphodius arabicus Mars 

Aphodius lividus Olivier 

Aphodius vitellinus Klug 

Aphodius castaneus Ill. 

Aphodius nitidulus F. 

Aphodius hydrochoeris F. 

Aphodius hieroglyphicus Klug 

Oxythyrea abigail Rche. 

Tropinata squalida Scop. 

Scarabaeus sacer 

Scarabaeus multidentatum 

Pharaonus fasciculatus 

Onthophagus nebulosus Rche. 

1.8 Family: Tenebrionidae: 

Catomus consentaneus (Küster) 

Cylindronotus pallidus (Curtis) 

Ocnera sparsispina Bohm 

Pimelia theveneti Sen. 

Pimelia letriella Sol. 

Pimelia bohmi 

Scaurus sp. 

Erodus gibbus 

Psammoica sp. 

Tentyrina bohmi Rott. 

Ammobius rufus Lucas 

1.9 Family: Buprestidae: Julodis aequinoctialis Lucasi 

1.10 Family: Pyralidae: 

Denticera divisella Dup. 

Staudingeria vinospersella Turati 

Mecyna polygonalis Hb. 

1.11 Family: Pterophoridae: Apdistis statics (Mill.) 

1.12 Family: Phycitidae: Ephestia sp. 

1.13 Family: Dermestidae: 

Dermestes maculates De Geer 

Dermestes frischii Klugel 

Attaginus scalariea Pic 

1.14 Family: Meloidae: unidentified larva 

2. Order: Diptera 

2.1 Family: Calliphoridae 

Musca sp. 

Lucillia seicata (Meigen) 

Lucillia illustris (Meigen) 

Agriella setosa Sal. 

Calliphora vicina Desvoidy 

Pollenia sp. 

2.2 Family: Chironomidae: Chironomus sp. 

2.3 Family: Sarcophagidae: 

Helicobia destructor 

Sarcophaga sp. 

Wohlfahrtia nuba (Wiedemann) 

Wohlfahrtia indignis Villeneuve 

2.4 Family: Sphaeroceridae: Leptocera sp. 

2.5 Family: Syrphidae: 

Syrphus corollae F. 

Emerus compertus 

Syritta sp. 

2.6 Family: Tabanidae: Atylotus cf. agrestis (Wield.) 

2.7 Family: Tephritidae: 

Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi.) 

Dacus oleae (Gmel) 

2.8 Family: Muscidae: Muscina stabulans Fallén, 

2.9 Family: Asilidae: 


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Annex III 

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Asitus sp. 

Philonicus sp. 

2.10 Family: Cesidomyiidae: unidentified parasite on a Pseudococcid species, 

2.11 Family: Agromyzidae: unidentified larva, 

parasitoids: 

Gonia capitata De Geer 

Paederus alfieri Koch 

Trachina sp. 

Leucapsis raccae 

Hemiperlisia lataniae (Signoret) 

Aounediella aurantii Mask 

3. Order: Hemiptera 

3.1 Family: Anthocoridae: Orius sp. 

3.2 Family: Dictyphoridae Tachorga sp. 

3.3 Family: Tingidae: Athias sp., Corythuca sp. 

3.4 Family: Miridae: Capsodes cingulatus (Fabricius), 

4. Order Hymenopera 

4.1 Family: Anthophoridae: Anthophora cf. candida Sm. 

4.2 Family: Braconidae: 

Apenteles sp. 

Bracon hebetor Say. 

Microbracon kirkpatriki Wilk 

Rogas sp. 

Hypomicrogaster sp. 

Raconotus cf. sudanensis Wilkn. 

Rogas sp. 

4.3 Family: Chalcididae: 

Brachymeria podagrica 

Brachymeria aegyptiaca Masi 

Haltichela sp. 

Euchalcis sp. 

4.4 Family: Eulophidae: 

Pronotalia sp. 

Tetrastichus sp. 

4.5 Family: Formicidae: 

Camponotus maculatus 

Messor semirufus 

Plagiolepis sp. 

Crematogaster sp. 

Cataglyphis bombycina 

,4.6 Family: Pompilidae: 

Evagetes sp. 

Schistmyx brevicornis Presner 

Trachyagetes friesei Saunders 

4.7 Family: Halictidae: Evylaeus p. 

4.8 Family: Pteromalidae: 

Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) 

Pteromalus puparum L. 

Euchalcida sp. 

4.9 Family: Scoliidae: 

Scolvia hortorum meedndica Klug. 

Trielis sp. 

4.10 Family: Sphecidae: 

Mesocophus cf. rothneyi Singham 

Bembix sp. 

4.11 Family: Tprymidae: Antistrophoplex conthernatus (Masi) 

4.12 Family: Eurytomidae 

Brachophagus ononis Mayer 

Eurytoma sp. 

4.13 Family: Encyrtidae: unidentified parasite on Phenacoccus limoniastri 

4.14 Family: Eupelmidae: Eupelmella sp., 

4.15 Family: Ichneumonidae: Venturia canescens (Gry.), 

5. Order Orthoptera 

5.1 Family: Acridiidae: 

Acridia sp. 

Calliptamus italicus (L.) 

Orchamus zebratus Br. 

Thisoicertus littoralis Remb. 

5.2 Family: Mantidae: Blepharopsis sp., 

5.3 Family: Tetrigidae: 

Pyrgomorpha cognata Krauss 

Heterogamia syriaca (sand roach) 

6. Order Neuroptera 

6.1 Family: Myrmeleonidae:

Nophis tailhardi Nav. 

Nohoveus venalis Nav. 

Klugina aristata 

7. Order: Odonata 

7.1 Family: Aeschnidae: Crocothemis erythraea Brulle 

7.2 Family: Coenagrionidae: Ischnura senegalensis (Ramb.) 

8. Order: Lepidoptera 

8.1 Family: Pieridae: 

Pieris rapae L. 

Colias electo F. 

8.2 Family: Lycaenidae: Cosmolyce baeticus 

8.3 Family: Noctuidae: 

Autographa gamma 

Eublemma velox Hubn. 

Agrotis pierreti Bugn 

Heliothis peltigera 

8.4 Family: Sphingidae: Celerio lineata livronica Esp., 

8.5 Family: Pyralidae: Hastula heyrana Mill., 

8.6 Family: Geometridae: Gymnosceles pumilata Hubn., 

8.7 Family: Tortricidae: 

Cydia pharaonana K. 

Lobesia botrana D & S. 

8.8 Family: Gelechiidae: 

Oecocecis guyonella Quene* 

Pectinophora gossypiella Saund. 

8.9 Family: Psychidae: Amicta quadrangularis, 

8.10 Family: Pterophoridae: 

Agdistis halodelta Meyr. 

Palpita unionalis Hb. 

Prays olleelus F. 

Microplitis rufiventris Kok. 

Chelonus inanitus (L.) 

Zele chlorophthalma 

Zele sp. 

Branchymeria sp. 

9. Order: Homoptera 

9.1 Family: Coccidae: 

Ceroplastis rusci Schn. 

Saissetia hemisphaerica Targ. 

9.2 Family: Miridae: Capsodes cingulattus Fab., 

9.3 Family: Pseudococcidae: 

Pseudococcus alhagi 

Phenacoccus limoniastri Preis. et Hosny 

9.4 Family: Cicadidae: 

Cicada sp. 

Adeniana mairei (Bergevin) 

Adeniana longiceps (Puton) 

9.5 Family: Cicadellidae: 

Anaceratogallia sp. 

Celanocephalus sp. 

9.6 Family: Issidae: Hysteropterum sp. 

9.7 Family: Diaspididae: 

Aspidiotus latania (Sign.) 

Leucapsis riccae Targ. 

Asterolecanium pustulans (Cockerell) 

10. Order: Heteroptera: 

Tropidothorax pandurus 

Scanthius aegyptius 


Annex III 

Page 141 

2.3 Class: Myriapoda 

1. Order: Scolopendromorpha 

1.1 Family: Scolopendridae: Scolopendra cingularis Latr. 

2. Order: Scutigeromorpha 

2.1 Family: Scutigeridae: unidentified specimens 

3. Order: Geophilomorpha 

3.1 Family: Geophilidae: Geophilus sp. 

2.4 Class: Arachnida 

1. Order: Scorpionida (Scorpions) 

1.1 Family: Buthidae: Androctonus amoreuxi, Androctonus australis, Buthacusleptochelys, Leiurus suinquestriatus, Orthocirus innesi, 

Buthus occitanus Am., Buthus australis L., Scorpio maurus L. 

2. Order: Araneae (Spiders) 

2.1 Family: Dysderidae: Dysdera crocata, Dysdera cf. flavitarsus, 

2.2 Family: Filistatidae: unidentified


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2.3 Family: Gnaphosidae: Pterotricha, Mecaria, Nomisia, Zelotes, Gnaphosa and several other unidentified specimens 

2.4 Family: Lycosidae: Lycosa radiata?, Lycosa sp., 

2.5 Family: Salticidae: Menemerus animatus, Mogrus sp., 

2.6 Family: Theidiidae: unidentified 

2.7 Family: Agelenidae: Agelena lepida 

2.8 Family: Liocranidae: unidentified 

2.9 Family: Oecobiidae: Oecobius 

2.10 Family: Oxypidae: Oxyopes 

2.11 Family: Philodromidae: Thanatus, Philodromus sp., 

2.12 Family: Sicariidae: Loxosceles, 

2.13 Family: Thomisidae: Thomisus sp., Xysticus sp., Oxyptila sp., 

2.14 Family: Zodariidae: unidentified 

2.15 Family: Eresidae: Eresus sp., Stegodyshus lineatus, 

2.16 Family: Araneidae: Argyope lobata, 

2.17 Family: Theridiidae: Steatoda bipunctata, Steatoda grossa, 

2.18 Family: Sparassidae: Eusparassus sp., Heteropoda variegata, Heteropoda sp., 

3. Order: Pseudoscorpionida (false scorpions) 

3.1 Suborder: Solifugae 

1.1 Family: Galeodidae: unidentified species 

1.2 Family: Solifugidae Subfamily: Karschiinae: unidentified species 

3.2 Suborder: Olpionae 

2.1 Family: Olpiidae: Olpium kochi*, Phalangium savignyi. 

2.5 Class: Acarina 

1. Order: Parasitiformes 

1.1 Suborder: Gamacida (Mesostigmata): 

1.1.1 Family: Phytoseiidae: Phytoseuis pulmifer, Amblyseuis sp., 

1.1.2 Family: Laelaptoidea: unidentified species. 

2. Order: Acariformes 

2.1 Sub-order: Oribatida (Cryptostigmata): 

Pseudotritia ardua, Oribatula tadrosi, Oribatula sp., Epilohmannia cylindrica, 

Lohmannia paradoxa, Eulohmannia sp., Oppia stricta, Plakoribates 

multicuspidus, Passolozetes africanus, Protoribates spp., Microzetes auxiliaries, 

Allogalumna exigua. 

2.2 Suborder Actinidida (Prostigmata): Eutetranychus sp., Tydeid spp. 

3. Order: Ixodoidea 

3.1 Family: Ixodoidae: Hyalomma dromedarii Koch, Rhipicephalus evertsi mieticus Donitz 

ANNEX 3 

Herpetofauna of Omayed Protected Area. 1 = low risk (least concern); 2 = vulnerable; 

3 = endangered; 4 = near threatened. 

CLASS: AMPHIBIA 

Order: Anura 

Family Scientific name Common name Status 

Bufonidae Bufo viridis viridis Laureti, 1768 Green Toad 1 

Agamidae 

Gekkonidae 

Lacertidae 

Scincidae 

CLASS: REPTILIA 

1. Order: Squamata 

1.1 Sub-order: Saurea 

Laudakia stellio stellio (Linnaeus, 1758) Starred Agama 2 

Tapelus mutabilis Merrem, 1820 Changeable Agama 4 

Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Stenodactylus grandiceps Haas, 1952 

Turkish Gecko 1 

Stenodactylus petrii Anderson, 1896 Petrie’s Gecko 4 

Stenodactylus sthenodactylus 

sthenodactylus (Lichtenstein, 1823) 

Elegant Gecko 4 

Tarentola mauritanica mauritanica 

Linnaeus, 1758 

Moorish Gecko 4 

Tropiocolotes tripolitanus (Peters, 1880) Tripoli Gecko 1 

Acanthodactylus boskianus asper 

(Daudin, 1802) 

Bosc’s Lizard 1 

Acanthodactylus longipes Boulenger, 

1918 

Long-footed lizard 1 

Acanthodactylus scutellatus scutellatus 

(Audouin, 1829) 

Nidua Lizard 1 

Acanthodactylus pardalis 

Acanthodactylus sp. 

Lizard 1 

Mesalina olivieri (Audouin, 1829) Oliver’s Lizard 2 

Chalcides ocellatus ocellatus (Forskal, 

Eyed Skink, 

1 

1775) 

Ocellated Skink 

Eumeces schneiderii (Daudin, 1802) Golden Skink, 

Orange-tailed Sk. 

2


Annex III 

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Scincus scincus scincus (Linnaeus,1758) Sandfish 1 

Sphenops sepsoides (Audouin, 1827) Audouin’s Sand 

Skink 

1 

Varanidae Varanus griseus griseus (Daudin, 1803) Desert Monitor 2 

Chamaeleontidae Chamaeleo chamaeleon chamaeleon 

Linnaeus, 1758 

1 Order: Squamata 

1.2 Sub-order: Serpents 

Common Chamaeleon 1 

Boidae Eryx jaculus jaculus Linnaeus, 1758 Javelin Sand-Boa 3 

Coluberidae 

Coluber rogersi (Anderson, 1898) Rpger’s Snake 1 

Lytorhynchus diadema (Dumeril, 

Bibron and Dumeril, 1854) 

Diademed Sand Snake 1 

Macroprotodon cucullatus (Geofroy, 

Mediterranean Hooded 2 

1827) 

Snake 

Malpolon moilensis (Reuss, 1834) Moila Snake 1 

Malpolon monspessulanus insignita 

(Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1809) 

Montpelier Snake 1 

Psammophis schokari schokari (Forskal, 

Schokari Sand 

1 

1775) 

Snake 

Spalerosophis diadema cliffordii 

Clifford’s Royal 

1 

(Schlegel, 1837) 

Snake 

Viperidae Cerastes vipera Laurenti, 1768 

2 Order: Testudines 

Lesser Cerastes 

Viper 

1 

Testudinidae 

Ardeidae 

Anatidae 

Testudo kleinmanni Loret, 1883 Egyptian tortoise, Leith’s 

Tortoise 

3 

Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) Loggerhead Turtle 3 

ANNEX4 

Birds of Omayed Protected Area. 

Family Scientific name Common name Status 

Order: Ciconiiformes 

Nyctiocorax nyctiocorax nyctiocorax Linnaeus, 1758 Night Heron ScP 

Egretta garzetta garzetta Linnaeus, 1766 Little Egret CP,WV 

Ardea cineria cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 

Order: Anseriformes 

Grey Heron CWV 

Anas querquedula Linnaeus, 1758 Garganey RAuP 

Circus cyanus cyanus (Linnaeus, 1766) Hen Harrier RP,WV 

Circus aeruginosus aeruginosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Marsh Harrier ScP,WV 

Buteo rufinus cirtensis (Levaillant, 1850) 

Order: Falconiformes 

Long-legged Buzzard RRe,Sc,P,WV 

Falconidae Falco tinnanculus tinnanculus (Linnaeus, 1758) Kestrel RP 

Order: Galliformes 

Phasianidae Coturnix coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Quail ScP 

Order: Gruiformes 

Rallidae Crex crex (Linnaeus, 1758) Corncrake ScP ** 

Order: Charadriiformes 

Charadriidae Charadrius alexandrinus alexandrinus (Linnaeus,1758) Kentish Plover RRe 

Hoplopterus spinosus Linnaeus, 1758 Spur-winged Plover RRe 

Calidris alpina alpina (Linnaeus, 1758) Dunlin RWV 

Scolopacidae Tringa tetanus tetanus (Linnaeus, 1758) Redshank UWV 

Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus, 1767) Greenshank CP, ScWV, RsuV 

Larus fuscus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758 Lesser Black- 

RP 

Laridae 

backed gull 

Chlidonias niger niger (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Order: Columbiformes 

Black Tern RP 

Columbidae 

Streptopelia turtur turtur (Linnaeus, 1758) Turtle Dove CB 

Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca (Latham, 1790) Palm Dove CRe * 

Streptopelia roseogrisea arabica (Neumann, 1904) 

Order: Coraciiformes 

Rock Dove CRe * 

Upupidae Upupa epops epops (Linnaeus, 1758) Hoopoe 

(European form) 

RP


Annex III 

Page 144 

Order: Passeriformes 

Hirundinidae Hirundo rustica rustica (Linnaeus, 1758) Swallow CRe 

Alauda arvensis cantarella Bonaparte, 1850 Sky Lark 

Alaudidae 

Alaemon alaudipes alaudipes (Desfontaines, 1789) Bifaciated Lark, 

Hoopoe Lark 

CRe 

Galerida cristata nigricans (Brehn, 1855) Crested Lark CRe * 

Motacillidae Motacilla flava flavissima (Blyth, 1834) Yellow Wagtail 

Motacilla flava pygmaea (Brehm, 1854) Egyptian Wagtail RRe * 

Motacilla alba alba Linnaeus, 1758 Pied Wagtail 

Laniidae Lanius exubitor elegans (Swainson, 1831) Great Grey 

Shrike 

RWV 

Sylvia borin borin (Boddaert, 1783) Garden Warbler RP 

Sylvia conspicillata conspicillata (Temminck, 1820) Spectacled Warbler 

Sylviidae 

Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus (Linnaeus, 1758) Willow Warbler ScP 

Phylloscopus collybita collybita (Vieillot, 1817) Chiffchaff 

Muscicapidae Muscicapa striata striata (Pallas, 1764) Spotted flycatcher RP,UWV 

Phoenicurus phoenicurus samamisicus (Hablizl, 1783) Redstart UWV 

Phoenicurus ochruros Black Redstart 

Oenanthe hispanica melanoleuca (Güldenstadt, 1775) Black-eared 

Wheatear 

RP 

Turdidae 

Oenanthe deserti deserti (Temminck, 1825) 

Oenanthe isabellina (Temminck, 1829) 

Desert Wheatear 

Isabelline Chat 

Saxicola torquata Stone Chat 

Turdus philomelos philomelos (Brehm, 1831) Song Thrush 

Turdus merula merula (Linnaeus, 1758) Blackbird 

Fringillidae Carduelis chloris aurantiiventris (Cabanis, 1851) Green Finch CWV 

* = endemic to Egypt; ** = globally endangered; 

C = Common; R = Rare; Sc = Scarce; U = Uncommon 

B = Breeder; P = Passer; Re = Resident; WV = Winter Visitor; SuV = Summer Visitor; 

ANNEX 5 

Mammals of Omayed Protected Area. 

ORDER: INSECTIVORA 

Scientific names Common name Status 

Hemiechinus auritus libicus (Ehrenberg, 1833) Long-eared Hedgehog 

ORDER: RODENTIA 

Spalax ehrenbergi aegyptiacus (Nehring, 1898) Egyptian Mole-Rat Rare, threatened 

Gerbillus gerbillus gerbillus (Olivier,1801) Lesser Egyptian Gerbil 

Gerbillus andersoni inflatus (Ranck,1968) Anderson’s Gerbil 

Gerbillus perpallidus Setzer, 1958 Pallid Gerbil Endemic 

Diplodillus amoenus amoenus De Winton, 1902 Charming Dipodil 

Psammomys obesus obesus Cretschmar, 1828 Fat Sand-Rat 

Jaculus jaculus flavillus Setzer, 1955 Lesser Egyptian Jerboa 

Jaculus orientalis orientalis Erxleben, 1777 Greater Egyptian Jerboa Near threatened 

Lepus capensis rothschildi (De Winton, 1902) Hare Abundant 

Vulpes vulpes aegyptiaca (Sonnini, 1816) Red Fox, Nile Fox 

Alien Invasive Species in Egypt 

List of Alien Invasive Species in Egypt 

This Listed on the 100 of the World’s Worst Invasive Species 

S Common name Species Source 

Aquatic plant 

1 Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Barrett 1989. (1), (2), (3) 

Land plant 

2 Brazilian pepper tree Schinus terebenthifolius (1), (2), (3) 

3 Cogon grass Imperata cylindrica (1), (2), (3) 

4 Giant reed Arundo donax (1), (2), (3) 

5 Mimosa Mimosa pigra (1), (2), (3) 

6 Mesquite Prosopis glandulosa (1), (2), (3) 

7 Lantana Lantana camara (1), (2), (3) 

8 Leucaena Leucaena leucocephala (1), (2) 

9 Lemon guava- Guava Psidium Guajava 

10 Reed Canary grass Phalaris arundinacea 

11 Redstem filaree- Pin weed Erodium cicutarium 

Aquatic invertebrate 

12 Green crab Carcinus maenas (1), (2), (3) 

Land invertebrate 

13 Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium EPPO, 2004. (1), (2), (3) 

14 Sweet potato whitefly Bemista tabaci (1), (2), (3)


Annex III 

Page 145 

Fish 

15 Carp Cyprinus carpio Welcomme, R.L., 1988, in Fishbase, 

2003. (1), (2), (3) 

16 Nile perch Lates niloticus Snoeks, Dr. J. (1), (2), (3) 

17 Western mosquito fish Gambusia affinis Welcomme, R.L., 1988. In Fishbase, 

2003. 

UN FAO. (1), (2), (3) 

18 Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus ASID. (1), (2), (3) 

19 Large mouth bass Micropterus salmoides Welcomme, R.L., 1988, in Fishbase, 

2003. (1), (2) 

Mammal 

20 Mouse Mus musculus (1), (2), (3) 

21 Ship rat Rattus rattus (1), (2), (3) 

22 

23 

Red fox 

House shrew 

Asian musk shrew 

Vulpes vulpes 

Suncus murinus 

(1), (2), (3) 

Reptile 

24 Red- eared slider Trachemys scripta (1), (2), (3) 

Amphibian 

25 Cane toad Bufo marinus Lever, 2001. (1), (2) 

Micro- organism 

26 Banana bunchy top virus Banana bunchy top virus (1), (2), (3) 

27 Rinderpest virus Rinderpest virus (1), (2), (3) 

Footnote: 

(1) Listed on the Global Invasive Species Database (Recorded in Egypt). 

(2) Listed on The 100 World's Worst Invasive Species list. 

(3) National Biodiversity Department Database (Recorded in Egypt). 

1 Red Swamp crawfish Procambarus clarkia ﺔﺑﺬﻌﻟا ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻟا ازﻮآﺎﺘﺳأ 

2 White River Crawfish Procambarus zonongulus 

3 Common Carp يدﺎﻌﻟا كوﺮﺒﻤﻟا 

4 Silver Carp ﻲﻀﻔﻟا كوﺮﺒﻤﻟا 

5 Grass Carp ﺶﺋﺎﺸﺤﻟا كوﺮﺒﻡ 

6 Bighead Carp سأﺮﻟا ﺮﻴﺒآ كوﺮﺒﻤﻟا 

7 Black or Snail Carp دﻮﺳﻷا كوﺮﺒﻤﻟا 

8 Mozambique Tilapia ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻡزﻮﻡ ﻲﻄﻠﺑ 

9 Oreochromis spilurus سرﻮﻠﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻄﻠﺑ 

10 Red Tilapia ﺮﻤﺡﻷا ﻲﻄﻠﺒﻟا 

11 Mosquito Fish ﺎیزﻮﺒﻡﺎﺠﻟا 

12 Helisoma duri يارﻮید ﺎﻡﻮﺴﻴﻠه ﻊﻗﻮﻗ 

13 Biomphalaria glabrata ﺎﺕاﺮﺑﻼﺝ ﺎیرﻼﻔﻡﻮﻴﺑ ﻊﻗﻮﻗ 

14 Biomphalaria alexandrina ﺎیرﺪﻨﺴ ﻜﻟا ﺎیرﻼﻔﻡﻮﻴﺑ ﻊﻗﻮﻗ 

15 Bulinus truncates 

16 Rat-lung Nematode ﺔﻴﻄﻴﺨﻟا ذﺮﺠﻟا ﺔﺋر ةدود 

17 Crown of thorn starfish ﻲآﻮﺸﻟا ﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﻢﺠﻥ


Annex III 

Page 146


Annex III 

Page 147 

Application du Protocole relatif aux aires spécialement protégées et à la diversité biologique en 


1. Mesures juridiques et/ou administratives prises aux termes du Protocole 

1.1 Pour protéger, préserver et gérer les espaces marins et côtiers ayant une valeur 

naturelle ou culturelle particulière, et pour protéger, préserver et gérer les espèces de la 

faune et de la flore marines et côtières qui sont en danger ou menacées (article 3) 

ESPACES 

S’il n’existe généralement pas de mesure spécifique de protection des espaces marins tout au moins au titre 

de la protection de la nature, les différentes procédures de protection réglementaires telles que les parcs 

nationaux, les réserves naturelles, les arrêtés de protection de biotope, les sites classés s’appliquent y 

compris sur le domaine marin. 

Tous ces outils n’ont pas la même valeur juridique et n’offrent pas les mêmes leviers d’actions mais ils 

concourent tous à protéger préserver et gérer les espaces marins et côtiers ayant une valeur particulière. 

Les parcs nationaux sont notamment régis par les articles L. 331-1 à 331 – 25 et R. 241-1 à R. 241-71 du 

code de l'environnement . Le statut de parc naturel est le plus poussé car outre le fait qu’il concerne des 

aires d’une taille significative, il déroge notablement au droit commun non seulement par les mesures de 

protection mais aussi par les pouvoirs de gestion qu’il donne au directeur de parc. De ce fait c’est une 

mesure assez rare et en France il existe un seul parc national concernant largement le milieu marin il s’agit 

du parc national de Port Cros en Méditerranée. 

Les réserves naturelles sont régies par les articles L. 332 – 1 à L.332- 27 et R. 242-1 à R. 242-1 à 49 du 

code de l'environnement, avec des dispositions spécifiques récentes pour la Corse (loi du 27 février 2002). 

Le statut de réserve naturelle offre également une très forte protection mais concerne des aires plus 

restreintes. Les réserves ont une valeur d’exemple et ne sont donc pas appelées à être multipliées sans fin 

Les arrêtés de protection de biotope permettent d’assurer la conservation des milieux abritant des 

espèces protégées par l’interdiction de certaines activités. Les dispositions législatives et réglementaires qui 

s’appliquent sont les articlesL.411-1 à L. 411-3 et R. 211-12 et 14 du code de l'environnement 

La procédure de classement au titre des sites relève de l’ article L. 341 du code de l’environnement. Ce 

classement vise à la conservation d’un espace naturel ou bâti. Il garantit l’intégrité du site vis à vis de 

travaux ou d’aménagement. Initialement non conçu pour les milieux marins il a cependant un effet sur eux 

car tout classement d’un site littoral emporte une protection dans un rayon de 500 mètres y compris en mer. 

Les Parc naturel régionaux sont régis par l’article L. 333-1 à 4 du code de l’environnement. Ce classement 

permet d’assurer par l’application d’une charte passée entre l’État et les collectivités territoriales, le 

développement d’un territoire fondé sur la préservation du patrimoine naturel et culturel. Cette procédure 

n’est applicable qu’au domaine terrestre mais elle est mentionnée ici en ce qu’elle peut s’appliquer aux 

zones terrestres littorales considérées au titre du présent protocole. 

Toujours en ce qui concerne les zones terrestres côtières il convient de citer les actions relevant d’une 

politique foncière telles que les acquisitions du Conservatoire du littoral et des rivages lacustres : 

Le Conservatoire de l’espace littoral et des rivages lacustres est un établissement public de l’Etat, créé en 

1975, qui a pour mission d’acheter des terrains situés dans les cantons littoraux et dans les communes 

riveraines de lacs de plus de 1000 hectares. Le Conservatoire du littoral travaille en partenariat avec les 

collectivités qui sont très généralement gestionnaires des sites acquis. Le Conservatoire du littoral établit le 

plan de gestion de ses sites et en suit la réalisation. 

Au titre de la Méditerranée, le Conservatoire a la responsabilité d’une centaine de sites significatifs (liste 

jointe en annexe 1) qui participent à la préservation de ce littoral. Les acquisitions successives sont 

réalisées en vue de constituer des unités d’une surface permettant d’assurer la fonctionnalité d’entité 

biologique. Ce travail d’acquisition doit permettre à terme de participer à la préservation du tiers sauvage. 

Les zones spéciales de conservation et les zones de protection spéciales font partie de nos 

engagements communautaires au titre de la directive habitat, faune, flore et de la directive oiseaux. Un


Annex III 

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certain nombre d’entre elles concernent le milieu côtier terrestre mais aussi le domaine marin (voir liste 

jointe en annexe 2). 

ESPECES 

Pour protéger, préserver et gérer les espèces animales et végétales menacées, la France dispose de mesures législatives et réglementaires 

rassemblées dans le code de l’environnement (articles L.411-1 et 2) qui permet, à partir de l’élaboration de listes d’espèces protégées, soit à 

l’échelon régional ou le plus souvent national, divers degrés de protection en fonction de l’état biologique de l’espèce concernée. Sont ainsi 

interdites les activités pouvant nuire à la conservation de l’espèce : capture ou destruction d’individus et de l’habitat de l’espèce, commerce, 

transport, naturalisation, etc. 

C’est ainsi que toutes les espèces d’oiseaux, mammifères (baleines et petits cétacés), reptiles (tortues 

marines) listées en annexe II de la convention de Barcelone sont intégralement protégées. De même un 

poisson : l’esturgeon d’Europe. 

Durant la période considérée, la France a prolongé l’interdiction de pêche sous marine du mérou avec 

extension à la pêche à l’hameçon. 

En ce qui concerne les invertébrés, la Grande Cigale de mer (Scillarides lattus), l’Oursin rouge à longs 

piquants (Centrostephanus longispinus), la Datte de mer (Lithophaga lithophaga), la Patelle (Patella 

ferruginea), le Jambonneau hérissé (Pinna nobilis), la Pinne géante (Pinna nobilis) sont également 

intégralement protégés. 

Dans le domaine de la flore, les espèces suivantes sont intégralement protégées sur tout le territoire 

national : Cymodocée (Cymodocea nodosa), Pelote de mer (Posidonia oceanica). Les deux espèces de 

zostères ne font l’objet de mesures de protection intégrale qu’en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. 

A coté des mesures juridiques de protection et de gestion des espèces animales et végétales, un certain 

nombre d’actions de conservation ont été conduites sous l’égide de plans de restauration pour les espèces 

les plus menacées, surtout terrestres mais également marines. Pendant la période considérée a été lancé 

un plan de restauration pour le balbuzard pêcheur, un autre est en cours d’élaboration pour le goéland 

d’Audouin. 

Bien que ne concernant pas directement des espèces menacées et il existe diverses mesures de régulation 

et gestion des pêches, essentiellement dans le cadre de la politique commune des pêches 

Ainsi en ce qui concerne le thon rouge, un permis de pêche spéciale ‘’thonaille’’ a été crée par l’arrêté du 1 er 

août 2003 avec un numerus clausus. 

Les thoniers senneurs sont eux assujettis à la détention d’une licence de pêche et sont limités en nombre 

fixé à 43 licences. Ils doivent respecter un arrêt biologique (règlement CE n°973/2001 du 14 mai 2001) du 

16 juillet au 15 août. 

1.2 Pour créer des aires spécialement protégées marines et côtières (article 5) 

Liste établie d’ouest en est, et du nord au sud : 

1) Réserve naturelle de Cerbères Banyuls (64) arrêté du 5 mars 1974, puis nouveau 

classement prononcé par décret n° 90-790 du 6 septembre 1990. S’étend de l’île Grosse (Banyuls 

sur Mer) au Cap Peyrefite (Cerbère) en couvrant 650 ha sur 6,5 km de rivage, et jusqu’à 1,5 mille 

nautique vers le large. Autour du Cap Rédéris, 65 ha constituent une zone de protection renforcée., 

2) Réserve naturelle de l’Estagnol (Hérault) ; arrêté du 19 novembre 1975 (78 hectares) 

3) Réserve naturelle de l’étang du Bagnas (Hérault) ; décret n° 83-1002 du 22 novembre 

1983 (561 hectares, zone humide littorale) 

4) Parc Naturel Régional de Camargue (13)zone humide littorale : concerne l’ensemble de 

l’île de Camargue; créé par décret du 29 septembre 1970, dont le classement a été renouvelé par 

décret 98-97 du 18 février 1998.Il est géré par un syndicat mixte depuis le 1 er décembre 2004. 

5) Réserve naturelle de Camargue arrêté du 24 avril 1975: elle couvre 13 117 ha sur l’étang 

de Vaccarès et les terres environnantes. Elle s’est dotée d’un plan de gestion approuvé en 1991. 

6) Réserve départementale des Impériaux date: elle concerne 2 777 ha sur les étangs de 

l’Impérial et du Malagroy. 

7) Domaine de la Palissade (acquis en 1977, 702 ha) géré par un syndicat mixte pour la 

gestion du domaine de la Palissade créé en 1981. 

8) Réserve volontaire de la Tour du Valat (2 juillet 1984): elle couvre 1 071 hectares 

propriété de la Fondation Sansouire et dispose également d’un plan de gestion.


Annex III 

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9) Réserve naturelle de l’archipel de Riou (13) Décret 22 août 2003 (partie terrestre) n°199, 

JO du 29/08/03. Partie marine en cours de réflexion. 

10) Accord intergouvernemental pour la création d’un sanctuaire pour les mammifères marins 

en Méditerranée, Pélagos, signé à Rome le 25 novembre 1999 par l’Italie, Monaco et la France et 

entré en vigueur le 21 février 2002. Cet accord prévoit le maintien ou la restauration d’un état de 

conservation favorable pour tous les mammifères marins par la coordination des trois Etats en 

matière de suivi et de limitation de l’impact des activités humaines 

11) Classement du Parc National de Port-Cros (décret n° 63-1235 du 14 décembre 1963). 

Le Parc national couvre une superficie de 675 hectares terrestres et de 1 800 hectares maritimes. 

12) Réserve naturelle de Scandola (Corse),( décret no 75-1128 du 9 décembre 1975) 

13) Réserve naturelle des îles Finocchiarola (Haute-Corse, décret n° 87-494 du 29 juin 1987) 

14) Réserve naturelle de l’étang de Biguglia (Haute Corse, décret du 9 août 1994 )1790 ha, 

communication avec la Méditerranée par le grau) 

15) Réserve naturelle des Tre Padule de Suartone (Corse du Sud ; décret du 11 décembre 

2000 ) terrestre, sur la commune de Bonifacio 

16) Un statut de réserve naturelle protège les 3 sites qui composent la partie française du 

projet de Parc Marin International dans les Bouches de Bonifacio : 

a) décret no 81-205 du 3 mars 1981 portant création de la Réserve Naturelle des Iles Cerbicales 

b) décret du 23 septembre 1999 portant création de la Réserve Naturelle des Bouches de Bonifacio 

(Corse du Sud) 

c) décret du 11 décembre 2000 portant création de la Réserve Naturelle des Tre Padule de 

Suartone 

17) La liste des sites classés situés pour tout ou partie sur le domaine public maritime est jointe en 

annexe 3. 

18) La liste des sites acquis par le Conservatoire du littoral est jointe en annexe 1. 

19) La liste des arrêtés de protection de biotope est jointe en annexe 4 . 

20) Les propositions de sites d’importance communautaire et zones de protection spéciale (Natura 

2000) sont jointes en annexe 2. 

1.3 Pour assurer la protection conformément à l’article 6, en particulier 

a) le renforcement de l’application des autres Protocoles de la Convention et d’autres traités 

(article 6 a)) 

b) l’interdiction de rejeter ou de déverser des déchets portant atteinte à des aires protégées 

(article 6 b)) 

La création d’aires spécialement protégées et la préservation de la biodiversité s’inscrivent dans un cadre 

global qui leur est indispensable. La lutte contre les pollutions d’origine tellurique, ou d’origine accidentelle 

en mer, la lutte contre l’immersion des déchets….font partie de cet ensemble, (voir à ce sujet les rapports 

établis par la France au titre des divers protocoles du PAM) 

En outre tous les textes de création de parcs ou réserves comportent un article interdisant le rejet ou le 

dépôt de tous produits de nature à nuire à la qualité des eaux, de l’air, du sol ou du site. 

Le schéma d’aménagement et de gestion des eaux Rhône Méditerranée Corse (SDAGE RMC), dont son 

volet littoral (découpage en zones homogènes de gestion et orientations générales et particulières par 

zones), concourt à la préservation des aires spécialement protégées. 

Toujours à titre d’illustration on peut citer l’interdiction faite en Corse la vie à bord des navires non équipés 

de cuves de rétention en zone de mouillages organisés. 

c) la réglementation du passage des navires (article 6 c)) 

Les mesures prises ont essentiellement concerné : 

- les îles d’Hyères, notamment Porquerolles (englobée depuis dans un site Natura 2000) où une zone de 

mouillage propre (ZMP) élargie a été instituée à l’été 2002, réservant le mouillage dans les eaux littorales 

(500 mètres) du tiers central de la côte nord aux navires effectivement équipés de caisses de rétention des 

eaux grises. 

- et surtout la circulation maritime dans le détroit international des Bouches de Bonifacio, où ont été créés une 

réserve naturelle marine, côté français (en 1999), et le « Parc National de l’archipel de La Maddalena », côté 

italien (en 1994) - l’ensemble ayant vocation à devenir le « Parc Marin International des Bouches de Bonifacio » - 

a continué a être surveillée par les stations côtières - dont le sémaphore de Pertusato – conformément aux


Annex III 

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résolutions et circulaires de l’Organisation Maritime Internationale. Pour mémoire, le gouvernement de la 

République française et le gouvernement de la République italienne ont signé le 5 février 2001 un protocole relatif 

aux modalités pratiques d'accès dans les eaux territoriales nationales des moyens navals de la République 

française et de la République italienne affecté à la surveillance maritime dans les Bouches de Bonifacio. 

d) la réglementation de l’introduction d’espèces (article 6 d)) 

Parc national de Port-Cros : introduction d’espèces animales ou végétales interdites (sauf activités agricoles) 

Tous les textes de création de réserves comportent un article réglementant (généralement interdisant, le cas échéant sous réserve d’activités 

agricoles ou pastorales) l’introduction d’espèces animales ou végétales. 

Voir également infra point 1.6 

e) la réglementation d’activités (article 6 e ), 6 h)) 

Parc national de Port-Cros : Certaines activités sont réglementées par le décret , d’autres activités sont 

soumises à l’autorisation du directeur du parc national. 

- chasse interdite, 

- camping, feux, dépôt de déchets etc., interdits 

- interdiction de porter atteinte aux animaux ou aux végétaux (sauf autorisation du directeur) 

- activités agricoles, et pastorales autorisées dans leur forme actuelle. Le directeur doit être informé, et peut 

s’opposer à toute modification des pratiques. 

Défrichement autorisé seulement s’il est nécessaire à l’aménagement du parc. 

Interdiction par les autorités françaises d’une course de navires à moteur rapide dans le cadre d’un 

championnat du monde offshore et prévue de se dérouler les 20 et 21 septembre 2003 dans le Golfe de 

Saint-Florent (Haute-Corse), à l’intérieur du périmètre du Sanctuaire Pelagos. 

Réserve Naturelle des Bouches de Bonifacio 

• Arrêté préfectoral n° 11/2002 réglementant la plongée sous-marine à l’intérieur de la Réserve 

Naturelle des Bouches de Bonifacio. 

• Arrêté inter préfectoral n° 04-0285 en date du 20 février 2004 portant occupation temporaire pour 

une zone de mouillage et d’équipements légers dans l’archipel des Lavezzi, sur le territoire de la 

commune de Bonifacio. 

• Dispositions prévues par la convention de gestion relative à la réglementation des activités, usages 

et utilisation du sol sur les terrains du Conservatoire de l’Espace Littoral et des Rivages lacustres 

• Dispositions prévues par la Charte liant les établissements de plongée subaquatiques et la 

Réserve Naturelle des Bouches de Bonifacio (2002). 

Réserve Naturelle de Scandola 

• Pêche et plongée interdites, mouillage interdit de nuit dans le périmètre de la réserve 

Pêche et plongée interdites, mouillage interdit de jour et de nuit dans le périmètre de la réserve intégrale 

f) la réglementation des activités de recherche scientifique (article 6 f)) 

Tous les textes de création de réserves comportent des articles interdisant de porter atteinte aux 

animaux ou aux végétaux, sous réserve d’autorisation délivrée à des fins scientifiques. 

Autres exemples en Corse : 

Décision n° 25/2003/DRAM autorisant des personnels scientifiques à pratiquer des échantillonnages dans les eaux autour de la Corse (STARESO 

Décision n° 62/2202/DRAM autorisant l’IFREMER (station de Sète) à effectuer du 29 mai au 9 juin 2002 avec le Navire « Europe » à effectuer 

une campagne halieutique dans les eaux territoriales, le long de la côte orientale de la Corse. 

Décision n° 21/2002/DRAM autorisant des personnels scientifiques à pratiquer des échantillonnages dans 

les eaux autour de la Corse (STARESO) 

Pour les espèces protégées au titre du code de l’environnement, l’interdiction est de portée générale, des 

autorisations pouvant être délivrées à des fins scientifiques. 

g) la réglementation de la pêche, de la chasse, de la capture d’animaux et de la récolte de 

végétaux ainsi que du commerce d’animaux ou de parties d’animaux, de végétaux ou 

de parties de végétaux provenant d’aires protégées (article 6 g)) 

I - Mesures d’ordre général 

En matière de pêches maritimes il existe au niveau communautaire et national des normes relatives 

aux tailles minimales des poissons, aux caractéristiques des engins de pêche , aux saisons de 

pêche de certaines espèces…


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Page 151 

Chaque texte de création de réserve comporte une réglementation, pouvant aller jusqu’à 

l’interdiction, de la chasse, de la pêche ou de la chasse sous-marine, de la cueillette des végétaux…. 

II - Mesures particulières 

Dans la Réserve Naturelle des Bouches de Bonifacio : 

arrêté préfectoral n° 87/2001 portant modalités d’application de l’article 30 al. 2 du décret du 23 septembre 

1999 portant création de la Réserve Naturelle des Bouches de Bonifacio (pêche au calmar à la Turlutte). 

arrêté préfectoral n° 01/2002 organisant à titre expérimental la pêche professionnelle sous-marine des 

oursins dans certaines zones de la Réserve Naturelle des Bouches de Bonifacio. 

arrêté préfectoral n° 196/2004 portant réglementation de la pêche sous-marine à l’intérieur du périmètre de 

la Réserve Naturelle des Bouches de Bonifacio. 

Parc National de Port Cros, décret de 1963 modifié interdit arts traînants et pêche sous marine 

III - Mesures non spécifiques aux aires marines protégées 

Arrêté n° 140/2002/DRAM portant réglementation particulière de la pêche sous marine dans les eaux 

territoriales autour de la Corse. 

Cet arrêté complète l’arrêté préfectoral 10/2000/DRAM du 9 mars 2000 portant réglementation particulière 

de la pêche sous marine dans les eaux territoriales autour de la Corse en ajoutant les espèces suivantes à 

l’interdiction de pêche : Luria lurida (Porcelaine), Hippocampus hippocampus et Hippocampus ramulosus 

(hippocampe à long bec). 

Arrêté 110/2003/DRAM portant réglementation complémentaire de la pêche sous marine dans les eaux 

territoriales autour de la Corse. Cet arrêté interdit dans un rayon de 150 mètres autour des zones où est 

pratiquée la baignade et ses activités connexes. Il interdit également l’usage de véhicules sous marins ou 

de dispositifs de traction sous marine aux pêcheurs sous marins. La pose de cordages en surface ou sous 

l’eau destinés à rabattre le poisson à proximité des pêcheurs sous marins est également interdite. 

1.4 Concernant la planification et la gestion des aires spécialement protégées (article 7) 

Dès lors qu’il s’agit de préserver un espace, ou a fortiori une espèce, des actes de planification et gestion 

s’imposent et c’est le sens général des divers dispositifs français. 

Ainsi qu’indiqué supra le directeur d’un parc national dispose d’importants pouvoirs permettant des actes de 

gestion, il peut aussi sur les matières où compétence ne lui a pas été déléguée, solliciter l’autorité 

administrative compétente. 

Pour chaque réserve naturelle, l’État, (le préfet) désigne un organisme gestionnaire, de nature juridique 

variée. Outre sa mission de « police de la nature » (faire respecter la réglementation), cet organisme est 

chargé d’élaborer un plan de gestion de l’espace dont il est chargé. Ce plan est soumis à validation, 

notamment par le CNPN pour ce qui concerne le premier plan. Il définit, à partir d’une évaluation scientifique 

du patrimoine naturel, des objectifs pour en assurer la conservation et les actions nécessaires pour atteindre 

ces objectifs. 

A titre d’exemple et en ce qui concerne la réserve de Cerbères Banyuls, le Conseil général des 

Pyrénées-Orientales, qui gère cet espace depuis l’origine, a significativement renforcé l’équipe de la réserve 

en 2000 et 2001 ;.La réserve dispose depuis 2001 d’un plan de gestion écologique ambitieux. Dans le 

respect de l’objectif premier d’une réserve naturelle, qui est la protection des milieux naturels, le 

gestionnaire de la réserve s’attache au quotidien à concilier la protection de la nature avec l’utilisation de 

l’espace. 

Les parcs naturels régionaux intègrent les objectifs de gestion dans des chartes ; on peut citer à titre 

d’exemple le Parc naturel régional de Camargue dont la charte a été approuvée en 1996 et la démarche de 

contrat de delta démarrée au cours du biennum (2005 : révision de charte à initier). 

Pour mémoire le conservatoire du littoral contrôle le cadre de gestion des sites qu’il a acquis. 

En ce qui concerne les sites dits « Natura 2000 », au titre de la préservation des espèces ou des habitats, 

chaque site fera l’objet d’un document d’objectif (DOCOB) définissant non seulement des objectifs mais 

aussi les moyens de les atteindre. 

Le sanctuaire pour les mammifères marins de Méditerranée aura bien entendu un plan de gestion, qui à été 

validé par les Parties fin 2004. 

1.5 Pour la protection et la conservation des espèces (article 11) 

Voir réponse au I-1-1 du rapport d’application du protocole 

1.6 Pour réglementer l’introduction d’espèces non indigènes ou génétiquement


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modifiées (article 13) 

Le code de l’environnement prévoit en son article L.411-3 que sont interdites les introductions 

dans le milieu naturel d’espèces animales ou végétales non indigènes au territoire d’introduction. 

Des décrets d’application devaient préciser les conditions d’application de cette mesure. Des 

difficultés dans l’application pratique de ce texte ont conduit l’administration à envisager une 

réecriture plus opérationnelle de celui-ci. La réflexion devra intégrer, au-delà des mesures 

juridiques un politique de prévention des introductions par la mise en place d’observatoires, des 

actions d’informations des administrations, professionnels, grand public mais également des 

opérations d’éradication lorsque cela est encore possible, de confinement ou de préservation des 

espaces sensibles. 

Certains espaces protégés tels que les parcs nationaux ou les réserves naturelles interdisent dans leur propre réglementation l’introduction 

d’espèces non indigènes sur leur territoire. 

Caulerpe : 

Apparue au début des années 90 dans la partie orientale des côtes française cette algue envahissante a 

rapidement colonisé de nombreux espaces côtiers souvent au détriment d’espèces indigènes. 

Dans ce contexte a été constitué l’Observatoire national sur l’expansion des Caulerpes (taxifolia et 

racemosa) avec mise sous système d’information géographique (SIG) et internet (www.caulerpa.org) des 

éléments cartographiques actualisés 

La présence de l’algue Caulerpa taxifolia dans les eaux du Parc national de Port-Cros, est jugée comme un 

risque important pour le maintien de la biodiversité marine. Au titre du principe de précaution et selon les 

directives de Comité interministériel de pilotage, assorti des recommandations des organisations 

scientifiques internationales ( PAM / PNE Héraklion, 1998, Séminaire international de Lerici, 1999), la 

nécessité de conserver aux eaux de Port-Cros, leur caractère de référence biologique et de sanctuaire de la 

biodiversité marine, est confirmée. 

Une stratégie de recherche systématique et annuelle de l’algue permet de déceler sa présence dès son 

apparition dans les eaux du parc, en particulier dans les zones de mouillage autorisé. L’éradication localisée 

est donc possible rapidement, évitant alors son développement incontrôlable. 

C’est ainsi que depuis 1994, en collaboration avec les plongeurs partenaires du parc national et avec les 

biologistes marins du Comité scientifique du parc, une prospection systématique a lieu dans toutes les 

zones de mouillage de Port-Cros, soit environ 120 ha. La présence de l’algue est alors chaque année 

décelée, sur une faible surface, puis éradiquée localement. 

1.7 Pour accorder des dérogations aux mesures de protection (articles 12,18) 

Les mesures juridiques de protection des espèces animales ou végétales mentionnées au I-1-1 prévoient un 

mécanisme dérogatoire aux interdictions de capture ou de prélèvement à des fins scientifiques 

Pour chacune des deux années 2002-2003, il a été accordé 35 autorisations de capture de tortues marines. 

Il s’agit en fait d’autorisations accordées au réseau d’échouage pour la capture et les soins d’animaux 

échoués vivants mais plus généralement morts. 

Une autorisation de capture éventuelle de tout mammifère marin est accordée chaque année au centre de 

recherche sur les mammifères marins qui organise la récupération des animaux échoués, vivants ou morts 

à des fins de soins ou d’études scientifiques. 

Plus spécifiquement, en application du décret de 1963 modifié, le directeur du parc national de Port-Cros 

peut accorder des dérogations à certaines mesures. Un droit d'usage est considéré comme acquis pour les 

quelques habitants permanents de Port-cros qui bénéficient de souplesse dans l'application des règles en 

dehors de la saison estivale (de octobre à mai : ramassage possible des champignons pour une 

consommation familiale, possibilité d'accéder aux rochers en dehors des sentiers du littoral, chiens en 

dehors du village mais tenus en laisse). 

2. Brève description de tous problèmes ou contraintes rencontrés dans l'application du 

Protocole 

Nécessité de tenir compte des habitants permanents dans les aires spécialement protégées, d’où les 

dérogations citées supra.


Annex III 

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Rapport national sur l’application technique du Protocole «aires spécialement protégées» 

1. Pays FRANCE 

2. Période couverte par le rapport 

1er janvier 2002 au 31 décembre 2003. (Plus période antérieure s’agissant du premier rapport) 

3. Organisation nationale chargée de l’établissement du rapport 

Ministère de l’écologie et du développement durable, direction de la nature et des paysages et direction 

générale de l’administration, des finances et des affaires internationales 

4. Organisations nationales ayant communiqué des données en vue de l'établissement du 

rapport 

DIREN Languedoc Roussillon 58, avenue Marie de Montpellier CS7903434965 Montpellier Cédex FRANCE 

DIREN PACA, B.P. 120 allée Louis Philibert13603 Aix en Provence Cédex FRANCE 

DIREN Corse 19 cours Napoléon, Bat D, 20 000 Ajaccio FRANCE 

Parc National de Port Cros Castel Sainte Claire 83418 Hyères Cédex France 

Préfecture maritime de la Méditerranée 83000 Toulon FRANCE 

5. Assistance reçue du PAM/PNUE en vue de l’établissement du présent rapport 

Néant 

6. Liste des aires spécialement protégées créées en application de l’article 5 du protocole 

La liste des aires spécialement protégées figure dans le rapport d’application du protocole (réponse à la question 1-1-2) 

7. Propositions faites pour l’inscription d’aires relevant de la juridiction nationale ou comprenant 

de la haute-mer sur la liste des ASPIM (Article 9 a)) 

a) Date de la ou des propositions 

b) Aires proposées (liste jointe) 

Parc national de Port Cros en novembre 2001 

Sanctuaire pour les mammifères marins de Méditerranée, Pélagos en novembre 2001 

8. Liste des ASPIM 

a) statut et état des aires sous juridiction nationale inscrites sur la liste des ASPIM (article 

23(a)) 

• Parc national de Port Cros : Aire protégée depuis 1963, très bon état écologique 

• Sanctuaire pour les mammifères marins de Méditerranée, Pélagos Couvrant une 

superficie de mer de 87 500 km2, situé essentiellement en haute mer et concerné 

largement par la zone de protection écologique (ZPE) française, il concerne aussi les 

eaux territoriales de l’Italie, Monaco et la France et pour l’essentiel de la haute-mer. Le 

sanctuaire a été créé dans le cadre d’un accord international en date du 25 novembre 

1999, entré en vigueur le 2002. Ce secteur a été retenu du fait de la diversité et de la 

densité de mammifères marins. Le biennum 2002 2003 a été marqué par d’intenses 

travaux de préparation du plan de gestion (adopté par les parties en 2004). Pour la partie 

française l’animation a été confiée au Parc national de Port-Cros. 

b) toute modification de la délimitation ou du régime juridique des ASPIM (article 23 b)) 

Néant 

9. Toute modification dans la délimitation ou le régime juridique des espèces protégées 

Néant 


susceptibles de causer des dommages (article 13.2) 

.Caulerpe : Apparue au début des années 90 dans la partie orientale des côtes française cette 

algue envahissante a rapidement colonisé de nombreux espaces côtiers souvent au détriment 

d’espèces indigènes.


Annex III 

Page 154 

Dans ce contexte a été constitué l’Observatoire national sur l’expansion des Caulerpes (taxifolia et 

racemosa) avec mise sous système d’information géographique (SIG) et internet 

(www.caulerpa.org) des éléments cartographiques actualisés 

La présence de l’algue Caulerpa taxifolia dans les eaux du Parc national de Port-Cros, est jugée comme un 

risque important pour le maintien de la biodiversité marine. Au titre du principe de précaution et selon les 

directives de Comité interministériel de pilotage, assorti des recommandations des organisations 

scientifiques internationales (PAM / PNUE Héraklion, 1998, Séminaire international de Lerici, 1999), la 

nécessité de conserver aux eaux de Port-Cros, leur caractère de référence biologique et de sanctuaire de la 

biodiversité marine, est confirmée. 

Une stratégie de recherche systématique et annuelle de l’algue permet de déceler sa présence dès son 

apparition dans les eaux du parc, en particulier dans les zones de mouillage autorisé. L’éradication localisée 

est donc possible rapidement, évitant alors son développement incontrôlable. 

C’est ainsi que depuis 1994, en collaboration avec les plongeurs partenaires du parc national et avec les 

biologistes marins du Comité scientifique du parc, une prospection systématique a lieu dans toutes les 

zones de mouillage de Port-Cros, soit environ 120 ha. La présence de l’algue est alors chaque année 

décelée, sur une faible surface, puis éradiquée localement. 

Dans le contexte mondial de préservation de la biodiversité et de lutte contre les espèces envahissantes, la 

France ratifiera prochainement la convention sur la gestion des eaux de ballast dans le cadre de l’OMI (fait 

le 30/12/04) 


a) Date d’établissement ou d’actualisation de l’inventaire des aires contenant des 

écosystèmes rares ou fragiles 

b) Date d’établissement ou d’actualisation de l’inventaire des espèces de flore et/ou 

de faune en danger ou menacées 

c) joindre le ou les inventaires, à moins qu'ils n'aient déjà été soumis dans un rapport 

spécial 

Dans le cadre communautaire la France a entrepris depuis une vingtaine d’années un inventaire des zones 

d’intérêt écologique et faunistique (ZNIEFF). 

Une ZNIEFF est un secteur du territoire particulièrement intéressant sur le plan écologique, participant au 

maintien des grands équilibres naturels ou constituant le milieu de vie d’espèces animales et végétales 

rares, caractéristiques du patrimoine naturel régional. 

L'inventaire ZNIEFF est un document national établi à l'initiative et sous le contrôle du Ministère chargé de 

l'environnement. Il est mis en œuvre dans chaque région par les Directions Régionales de l’Environnement. 

Il constitue un outil de connaissance du patrimoine national de la France. L’inventaire identifie, localise et 

décrit les territoires d’intérêt patrimonial pour les espèces vivantes et les habitats. Il organise le recueil et la 

gestion de nombreuses données sur les milieux naturels, la faune et la flore. La validation scientifique des 

travaux est confiée au Conseil Scientifique Régional du Patrimoine Naturel et au Muséum National 

d’Histoire Naturelle. 

Par exemple en Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur (PACA), le milieu marin a fait partie du champ de l’inventaire 

dès la première génération. Les résultats, édités en 1988, ont permis de définir 107 zones marines pour une 

surface de 241 517 ha. Sur l’ensemble des trois départements littoraux (Bouches du Rhône, Var et Alpes 

Maritimes) 309 zones couvrant 700 000 ha ont été identifiées et décrites. 

L’actualisation de cet inventaire est en voie d’achèvement. La liste des zones est disponible sur 

demande. 

Outre les ZNIEFF il existe d’autres démarches de connaissance des sites et espèces : 

- Inventaire des zones d’importance communautaire pour les oiseaux (ZICO) réalisé dans les années 

1990 

- Guide cartographique de l’herbier de Posidonie rédigé sur la base de 2 zones de démonstration (Côte 

Bleue et St Cyr sur Mer) – Ifremer, 2002-2003.


Annex III 

Page 155 

Enfin chaque gestionnaire peut avoir sa propre démarche locale, par exemple le Parc Marin de la Côte 

Bleue a un programme de suivi des peuplements ichtyologiques de la réserve marine R.Fouque du Cap 

Couronne (– rapport final bilan 1995-2001 – janv.2002) 

On peut aussi citer à titre d’illustration l’Observatoire marin du SIVOM du littoral des Maures créé en 1999 

12. Dérogations accordées aux mesures de protection (articles 12, 18, 23c)) 

Voir réponse 12 dans l’application du protocole 

13. Mise en œuvre des plans d’action pour des espèces menacées adoptés dans le cadre du PAM 

Tortues marines 

Il n’existe pas sur les côtes françaises de Méditerranée de plage de ponte de tortues marines. Le 

seul suivi réalisé concerne les échouages pour lequel la France dispose depuis 1996 d’un réseau 

d’observateurs dûment formés aux observations et aux éventuels prélèvements en Méditerranée. 

Ce réseau a pour mission de rassembler les informations concernant les tortues marines sur les 

côtes françaises et d’exploiter les données d’échouage. 

Dans le cas d’individus échoués vivants, un relâcher est effectué après marquage et ou soins. 

Cétacés 

La France dispose d’un réseau de suivi des échouages sur ses côtes métropolitaines depuis 1972. 

Un tel réseau fonctionne donc en Méditerranée 

Par ailleurs, dans le cadre de Pelagos, se sont développées des actions sur les cétacés, 

notamment : 

- le développement d’un programme de recherches et d’études sur les cétacés en Méditerranée 

occidentale à partir de priorités scientifiques essentiellement basées sur une meilleure 

connaissance des populations de baleines et dauphins fréquentant la zone et sur l’impact des 

activités humaines, 

- la recherche de la limitation de ces activités, notamment celles qui concerne les captures 

accidentelles par les engins de pêche, la circulation maritime, les activités de whale-watching et 

autres activités touristiques. 

- des actions ont été prises pendant la période considérée : 

l’élaboration d’un code de conduite pour la pratique du whale-watching, l’interdiction de 

compétitions off-shore, la mise en place d’une réglementation de la pêche à la thonaille comportant 

des dispositions spécifiques au sanctuaire. 

Un plan de gestion tri-partite reprenant ces thèmes de travail a été élaboré en 2003 et finalisé en 

2004. 

, 

14. Mise en œuvre des autres recommandations pertinentes des Parties contractantes s’il n’en a 

pas déjà été fait mention dans le rapport national biennal sur l’application de la Convention 

et des Protocoles 

La création d’aires spécialement protégées et la préservation de la biodiversité s’inscrivent dans un cadre 

global qui leur est indispensable. La lutte contre les pollutions d’origine tellurique, ou d’origine accidentelle 

en mer, la lutte contre l’immersion des déchets….font partie de cet ensemble (voir à ce sujet les rapports 

établis par la France au titre des divers protocoles du PAM). 

Annexe au rapport national sur l’application technique du Protocole «aires spécialement 

protégées» 

Rapport sur les aires spécialement protégées d’importance méditerranéenne (ASPIM) relevant de la 

juridiction de deux ou plusieurs pays 

1. Pays 

Italie, Monaco, France 

2. Période couverte par le rapport 

Exercice biennal du 1er janvier 2002 au 31 décembre 2003. 

3. Organisations nationales chargées de l’établissement du rapport 

Ministère de l’écologie et du développement durable, direction de la nature et des paysage, madame 

Martine Bigan. 

4. Organisations nationales ayant communiqué des données en vue de l'établissement du 

rapport 

Parc national de Port Cros


Annex III 

Page 156 

5. Propositions faites pour l’inscription sur la liste des ASPIM d’aires situées en tout ou en partie 

en haute mer (article 9 b)) 

Sanctuaire pour les mammifères marins de Méditerranée, Pelagos, novembre 2001. 

Pays concernés par chaque aire : Italie, Monaco, France 

6. Propositions faites pour l’inscription sur la liste des ASPIM d’aires dont les limites de souveraineté ou 

juridiction nationale ne sont pas encore définies (article 9 c)) 



c) Pays concernés par chaque aire 

Néant 

7. Liste des ASPIM 

a) statut et état des aires énumérées aux paragraphes 5 et 6 ci-dessus inscrites sur la liste 

des ASPIM (article 23 a)) 

b) toute modification de la délimitation ou de la situation juridique des ASPIM 

Le sanctuaire pour les mammifères marins est régi par un accord international tripartite fait à Rome 

le 25 novembre 1999. 

Cet accord a été intégré au droit interne français par le décret n° 2002-1016 du 18 juillet 2002. 

Il n’y a eu aucune modification de la délimitation ou de la situation juridique depuis la création du 

sanctuaire.

REGION NOM SITES 


Annex III 

Page 157 

Languedoc-Roussillon PYRENEES-ORIENTALES CAP DE L'ABEILLE 70849 

ARMEN 6015 

ANSE DE PAULILLES 322922 

CAP BEAR 13454 

PLA DE LES FORQUES 114712 

MOULIN D'ENSOURD 295492 

MAS LARRIEU 1169263 

LE LIDO 10313243 

PLAGE DE STE-MARIE 16865 

LA RIBERE 513147 

MAS DE L'ISLE 474113 

AUDE PLATEAU DE LA FRANQUI 82972 

LA CARAMOUN 74547 

RIVES DE FITOU 2960 

LES COUSSOULES 11164 

RIVES DE L'ETANG DE LA PALME 10001 

FRESCATI 832134 

RIVES DE L'AUTE 687987 

ILE STE LUCIE 2270527 

ILE DE L'AUTE 397177 

ILE DE PLANASSE 190898 

BERGES DE L'ETANG DE PEYRIAC 18695 

ETANG DU DOUL 1805145 

SALINE D'ESTARAC 19725 

TOURNEBELLE LE NEUF 300208 

LE GRAND CASTELOU 1570923 

LABRADOR 2679553 

BAJOLE 52713 

ANSE DES GALERES 49580 

GRAND MANDIRAC 328970 

LES AUZILS 7088562 

L'OUSTALET - RIVIERE LE BAS 5104060 

PISSEVACHE 1344497 

HERAULT PLAGE DE VENDRES 1302087 

ETANG DE VENDRES 2135220 

LES ORPELLIERES 1537289 

LA GRANDE MAIRE 640516 

ROQUE HAUTE - ANCIEN GRAU DU LIBRON 53508 

LA GRANDE COSSE 14702 

LE CLOT 135692 

NOTRE DAME DE L'AGENOUILLADE 35328 

surface des terrains relevant du 

Conservatoire (m²)


Annex III 

Page 158 

LE BAGNAS 6781478 

PRE DE BAUGE 593985 

LIDO DE SETE 1371283 

ETANG DES MOUETTES 411676 

SALINS DE FRONTIGNAN 2396501 

LES ARESQUIERS 1378042 

ETANG DE VIC 13927885 

SALINES DE VILLENEUVE 2001014 

ETANG DE MEJEAN-ETANG DU GREC 1384686 

LE PETIT TRAVERS 1573611 

LE GRAND TRAVERS 2056474 

ETANG DE L'OR - LA CAPOULIERE 15972 

ETANG DE L'OR - COTE DE PLAGNOL 883992 

ETANG DE L'OR - TARTUGUIERES 3475448 

LE PETIT COGUL 706500 

GARD BOIS DU BOUCANET 1908051 

CAMARGUE GARDOISE 148888 

MARAIS DU MAS DES SABLONS 481640 

ETANG DE LA VILLE 8008 

LA JANINE 1419810 

POINTE DE L ESPIGUETTE-TERRE NEUVE 2077158 

DOMAINE DE CAPELUDE 1864513 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'azur BOUCHES-DU-RHONE MAS DE LA CURE 2874382 

VACCARES 3277823 

BOIS DE TOURTOULEN 438473 

MARAIS DU VIGUEIRAT 10289271 

LA CRAU-NEGREIRON-COUCOU MARAIS 10924729 

LA PALISSADE 7023813 

LE MAZET 1008065 

THEY DU LEVANT 490740 

CITIS POURRA 17510 

RANQUET 861493 

LA CLAPIERE 1137787 

CADERAOU 1758670 

FIGUEROLLES 1213106 

LA PETITE CAMARGUE - LES PALOUS 2031677 

ETANG DE BOLMON 7095285 

LA COTE BLEUE 32778211 

ARCHIPEL DE RIOU 1575375 

MURAILLE DE CHINE 1723613 

DOMAINE DE VAUFREGES 2542019 

LA FONTASSE 2434613 

PORT MIOU - PLAINE DU RIS 1786795 

CAP CANAILLE 118310


Annex III 

Page 159 

VAR POINTE GRENIER 146219 

LA MADRAGUE 568033 

LE DEFFEND 246684 

PORT D'ALON 310026 

LA GALERE 302701 

ILE DU GRAND ROUVEAU 50343 

CAP SICIE - LES GABRIELLES 101547 

CAP BRUN 17313 

BOIS DE COURBEBAISSE 55596 

LA COLLE NOIRE 1522653 

CAP GARONNE 161098 

FONT BRUN 291977 

LES SALINS DES PESQUIERS 8995377 

ETANG DE L'ESTAGNET 100000 

ESCAMPO-BARIOU 449787 

PRESQU'ILE DE GIENS 523000 

ILE DE PORT-CROS et PORQUEROLLES 2708199 

L'OUSTAOU DE DIOU 119375 

DOMAINE DU BASTIDON 185864 

CAP BENAT 523412 

DOMAINE DU RAYOL 186524 

CORNICHE DES MAURES 1120432 

VALLEE DE LA MOLE - LA PATRONNE 920487 

CAP MIMOSA 1138150 

CAP LARDIER 1991995 

BRIANDE 113395 

LE CAP TAILLAT 326096 

L'ESCALET 459249 

CAP CAMARAT 490101 

BATTERIE DE CAPON 23326 

LA MOUTTE 37711 

LA GAILLARDE 2740989 

LES PETITES MAURES 2385551 

ETANGS DE VILLEPEY 2505310 

PLAINE DES MAURES 9111848 

ALPES MARITIMES MASSIF DE L'ESTEREL 6243672 

GOLFE DE CANNES MANDELIEU 200 

LA CROIX DES GARDES 530923 

BOIS DE LA GAROUPE 90355 

FORT CARRE 38835 

MONT ALBAN 100431 

LE MONT VINAIGRIER 249245 

LE CORBUSIER 11787 

LES SERRES DE LA MADONE 84033


Annex III 

Page 160 

Corse CORSE-DU-SUD SCANDOLA 4930830 

GIROLATA 42216 

GOLFE DE PORTO 1257131 

CAPO ROSSO 760915 

POINTE D'ORCHINO 316851 

POINTE D'OMIGNIA 760696 

POINTE DE CARGESE 314532 

SPELUNCA 87735 

POINTE DE MOLENDINO 285631 

CAPIZZOLU-PORTO MONAGHI 334224 

POINTE DE TRIO 203965 

CAPO DI MURO 2020292 

DUNES DE BARACI 66425 

PLAGE DE PORTIGLIO 61370 

POINTE DE L'ALIVA 152083 

POINTE DE L'UOMO 495020 

MIGINI 887460 

ECCICA 12974743 

SENETOSA 8874480 

POINTE DE ZIVIA 1104078 

CALA BARBARIA 875632 

ROCCAPINA 5041513 

POINTE DE MUCCHIO BIANCO 507981 

POINTE DE CANISCIONE 100 

ARBITRU 695353 

POINTE DE BRUZZI 976644 

ETANG DE CHEVANU 146925 

ETANG SAINT JEAN 109343 

GOLFE DE VENTILEGNE 25863348 

FALAISES DE BONIFACIO 2182681 

POINTE DE CAPICCIOLU 301378 

SARPENTE 2757114 

RONDINARA 163381 

SANTA GIULIA 2431972 

TAMARICCIO 97630 

PALOMBAGGIA 182246 

ILES CERBICALES 133960 

ETANG D'ARASU 356468 

PINEDE DE PINARELLU 103111 

ILE DE PINARELLO 185654 

MISSER' ANTON LAVU SANTU 376630 

HAUTE-CORSE ETANGS DE GRADUGINE ET DE PALU 3046850 

PINIA 3627780 

ETANG DEL SALE 2803267


Annex III 

Page 161 

TERRENZANA 1270037 

MUCCHIATANA 751005 

RIVES DE L'ETANG DE BIGUGLIA 3693164 

BANDA BIANCA 145000 

CAP CORSE 5492276 

MOULIN DE CALBELLE - MOULIN MATTEI 17925 

ILE DE CAPENSE 22972 

AGRIATE-POINTE DE CEPPO-ETANG DU LOTO 5204627 

AGRIATE - POINTE DE CURZA 1075040 

AGRIATE 48766981 

PERCEPINA 184264 

POINTE DE VARCALE 71536 

POINTE DE SPANO 653913 

PUNTA DI A REVELLATA 450465 

BAIE DE CROVANI 252494 

VALLEE DU FANGO 1172428 

total 390757404 

Annexe 2 : 

Propositions de sites d'intérêts communautaires (pSIC) et zones de protection spéciale (ZPS) 

pSIC OU SITECODE pSIC NOM pSIC ou ZPS (SITENAME) existant ou à DEPT pSCI ou ZPS SUPERFICIE pSIC ou ZPS Date de (re)Transmission/ 

ZPS ou ZPS 

consulter 

TRANSMIS au MEDD à ce Notification à la Commission 

jour (en ha) 

(source SIG) 

Européenne 

pSIC FR9301568 CORNICHES DE LA RIVIERA 06 1 607 ha 16 février 2004 

pSIC FR9301573 BAIE ET CAP D'ANTIBES – ILES DE LERINS 06 6 130 ha 20 octobre 2003 

pSIC FR9101 440 COMPLEXE LAGUNAIRE DE BAGES SIGEAN 11 9 501 ha avril 2002 

pSIC FR9101 435 BASSES PLAINES DE L'AUDE 11 - décembre 1998 

pSIC FR9101 441 COMPLEXE LAGUNAIRE DE LAPALME 11 1 829 ha février 2001 

pSIC FR9301590 LE RHONE – DE DONZERE-MONDRAGON A 

LA MEDITERRANEE 

13-84-LR-RA 925 ha 1 décembre 1998 

pSIC FR9301592 DELTA DE CAMARGUE 13 24 667 ha 20 octobre 2003 

pSIC FR9301601 COTE BLEUE – CHAINE DE L'ESTAQUE 13 5 817 ha 20 octobre 2003 

pSIC FR9301602 CALANQUES ET ILES MARSEILLAISES – CAP 

CANAILLE ET MASSIF DU GRAND CAUNET 

13 14 164 ha 20 octobre 2003 

ZPS FR9310019 CAMARGUE 13 22 550 ha 16 février 2004 

ZPS FR9312007 ILES MARSEILLAISES 13 2 215 ha 31 octobre 2002 

pSIC FR9101406 CAMARGUE GARDOISE 30 30 580 ha avril 2002 

pSIC FR9101413 POSIDONIES DE LA COTE PALAVASIENNE 34 10 780 ha février 2001 

pSIC FR9101414 POSIDONIES DU CAP D'AGDE 34 2 329 ha mars 2002 

pSIC FR9101408 ETANG DE MAUGUIO 34 7 381 ha décembre 1998 

pSIC FR9101410 ETANGS PALAVASIENS 34 6 515 ha février 2001 

pSIC FR9101412 ETANGS DU BAGNAS 34 607 ha avril 2002 

pSIC FR9101482 POSIDONIES DE LA COTE DES ALBERES 66 4 229 ha décembre 1998 

pSIC FR9101493 EMBOUCHURE DU TECH ET GRAU DE LA 

MASSANE 

66 956 ha décembre 1998 

pSIC FR 9101465 COMPLEXE LAGUNAIRE DE CANET 66 1 864 ha décembre 1998 

pSIC FR9101463 COMPLEXE LAGUNAIRE DE SALSESZ 66 7.749ha décembre 1998 

pSIC FR9301609 LA POINTE FAUCONNIERE 83 764 ha 20 octobre 2003 

pSIC FR9301610 CAP SICIE – SIX FOURS 83 1 332 ha 20 octobre 2003 

pSIC FR9301613 LA COTE D'HYERES ET SON ARCHIPEL 83 7 614 ha 16 février 2004 

pSIC FR9301622 LA PLAINE ET LE MASSIF DES MAURES 83 33 774 ha 1 décembre 1998 

pSIC FR9301624 CAP TAILLAT – CAP LARDIER – CAP 

CAMARAT 

83 1 240b ha 20 octobre 2003 

pSIC OU SITECODE pSIC NOM pSIC ou ZPS (SITENAME) existant ou à DEPT pSCI ou ZPS SUPERFICIE pSIC ou ZPS Date de (re)Transmission/ 

ZPS ou ZPS 

consulter 

TRANSMIS au MEDD à ce Notification à la Commission 

jour (en ha) (source SIG) 

Européenne 

pSIC FR9301627 EMBOUCHURE DE L'ARGENS – MARAIS DE 

FREJUS – ETANGS DE VILLEPEY 

83 1 224 ha 1 décembre 1997 

pSIC FR9301628 L'ESTEREL ET LES 

ABORDS DE FREJUS 

83 

5 839 ha 1 décembre 1998 

pSIC FR9302001 LAGUNE DU BRUSC 83 504 ha 25 mars 2003 

ZPS FR9310020 ILES D'HYERES 83 6 656 ha 31 octobre 2002 

pSIC FR9400570 AGRIATES 2B 18 718 ha En cours, extension proposée 

pSIC FR9400574 PORTO/SCANDOLA/CALVI/REVELLATA 2A/2B 50 227 ha En cours 

pSIC FR9400586 EMBOUCHURE DU STABIACCIU, DPM, BAIE 

ET ILOT DE ZIGLIONE 

2A 

197 ha 

En cours 

pSIC FR9400587 ILES CERBICALE (SL) 2A 3 697 ha En cours 

pSIC FR9400591 PLATEAU DE BONIFACIO, ILES LAVEZZI ET 

CASAMATE DE 

2A 

6 053 ha 

En cours


Annex III 

Page 162 

pSIC FR9400609 BRUZZI-CHEVANU-ARBITRU 2A 359 ha En cours 

pSIC FR9402010 BAIE DE STAGNOLU, GOLFU DI SOGNU 2A 120 ha En cours 

pSIC FR9410021 ILES LAVEZZI 2A 5 787 ha 10 octobre 2004 

(JO 10/11/04) 

pSIC FR9410022 ILES CERBICALES 2A 4 996 ha Pas encore signé 

pSIC FR9410096 ILES SANGUINAIRES 2A 43 ha 10 octobre 2004 

(JO 10/11/04) 

pSIC FR9410097 ILES FINOCHIAROLA ET COTES NORD 2B 933 ha Pas encore signé 

ZPS FR9412001 COLONIE DE GOELANDS D'AUDOUIN 

2A 2 ha 12 septembre 2003 

D'ASPRETTO, AJACCIO 

(JO du 7/10/03) 

pSIC FR9410023 GOLFE DE PORTO ET PRESQU'ILE DE 

SCANDOLA 

2A/2B 25 586 ha 10 octobre 2004 (JO 10/11/04)

Annexe 3 : SITES CLASSES SITUES EN TOUT OU PARTIE SUR LE DOMAINE PUBLIC MARITIME 

A jour au 31 décembre 2004 

Région n° département commune nom DNP nom Diren critère de 

classement 

(TC tous 

critères) 

Corse 2A Ajaccio Extension du site classé de l'ensemble formé par les îles des 

Sanguinaires et la pointe de la Parata sur le territoire de la commune 

d'Ajaccio (+ DPM) 

Corse 2A Bonifacio L'ensemble avec son domaine public maritime formé sur la commune de 

Bonifacio par l'archipel des Lavezzi excepté les îles de Cavallo et de 

Camaro Canto 

Corse 2A Bonifacio Le domaine public maritime entre le port de Stagnolu et la pointe de la 

Fiumara sur la commune de Bonifacio 

Corse 2A Osani, Ota, 

Partinello, 

Piana, Serriera, 

Galeria 

L'ensemble constitué par les golfes de Girolata et Porto sur les 

communes de Galeria, Osani, Partinello, Serriera, Ota et Piana, y 

compris l'île de Gargalo, ainsi que le domaine public maritime leur 

correspondant 

Corse 2A Sartène Le site de Roccapina sur la commune de Sartène ainsi que le DPM au 

droit des parties terrestres 

Corse 2B Palasca Le site de l’embouchure de l’Ostriconi, étendu aux lieudits Calcajo et 

colline de la Guardiola 

document de 

protection A 

arrêté D 

décret 


Annex III 

Page 163 

date du document superficie date du J.O 

P A 11 septembre 1995 43,5 

Archipel des 

Lavezzi et DPM, 

excepté les iles 

de Cavallo et de 

Camaro 

TC A 26 janvier 1974 1251 

DPM P A 1 avril 1997 550 

Golfes de Porto 

et Girolata, y 

compris l'ile de 

Gargalo et DPM 

Site de 

Roccapina et 

DPM 

Corse 2B Aléria, Tallone L'ensemble formé par l'étang de Diana et ses abords Etang de Diana 

et ses abords 

Corse 2B Ersa, Rogliano L'ensemble formé par le secteur nord du cap Corse sur les communes 

d'Ersa et de Rogliano ainsi que des trois îles de Finocchiarola et l'île de 

Giraglia et du domaine public maritime correspondant 

Corse 2B Nonza, 

Ogliastro, 

Olcani 

Languedoc-Roussillon 30 Grau-du-Roi 

(Le) 

L'ensemble des sites formé sur les communes de Nonza, Ogliastro et 

Olcani ainsi que le domaine public maritime correspondant 

L'ensemble formé par la pointe de l'Espiguette et le Rhône de Saint- 

Roman sur la commune du Grau-du-Roi (plus le DPM au droit des 

parties terrestres). 

Languedoc-Roussillon 66 Argelès-sur-Mer Le site des Rochers du Racou à Argelès-sur-Mer ainsi que le domaine 

public maritime correspondant au site littoral des rochers sur 500 m en 

direction du large 

Languedoc-Roussillon 66 Banyuls-sur- 

Mer, Port- 

Vendres 

L'ensemble constitué par le domaine public maritime incluant les divers 

rochers ou écueils sur une profondeur de 500 mètres en direction du 

large 

Languedoc-Roussillon 66 Cerbère L'ensemble formé par le domaine public maritime correspondant au site 

de l'anse de Terrimbo 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 6 Antibes L'ensemble formé sur la commune d'Antibes par le domaine public 

maritime constituant la côte du cap d'Antibes, depuis le carrefour des 

boulevards du Cap et James Wyllie jusqu'à la Fontaine du Pin 

Cap Corse 

(secteur nord), 

iles de 

Finocchiarola et 

de Giraglia et 

DPM 

Ensemble de 

sites et DPM 

(Nonza, Olcani 

et Ogliastro) 

la pointe de 

l'Espiguette et le 

Rhône de Saint- 

Roman 

Les Rochers du 

Racou et le 

DPM 

correspondant 

DPM du Cap 

Oullestrel 

DPM de l'anse 

de Terrimbo 

DPM constituant 

la côte du cap 

d'Antibes 

TC D 4 décembre 1974 13151 

LP D 14 mars 1990 738 20-mar-90 

D 536, 63 8 juin 1988 

modifié 

22/10/03 

SP D 15 octobre 2002 1648 dont 120 

DPM 

22-oct-02 

P D 7 mars 1975 2470 14-mar-75 

P D 21 novembre 1975 823 

P D 10 décembre 1998 3172,17 dont 

400 DPM 

18-déc-98 

P D 24 mars 1980 43,64 02-avr-80 

TC A 20 mai 1980 134,4 31-jul-80 

P A 23 janvier 1981 21,3 02-mar-81 

P A 30 octobre 1958 46,88


Annex III 

Page 164 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 6 Beaulieu-sur- 

Mer, 

Roquebrune- 

Cap-Martin, 

Saint-Jean-Cap- 

Ferrat, 

Villefranche-sur- 

Mer 

Les parties du domaine public et privé maritime de l'Etat, sur une largeur 

de 500 m. depuis la limite terrestre, délimitées sur les communes de 

Beaulieu-sur-Mer, Villefranche-sur-Mer, Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat et 

Roquebrune - Cap-Martin 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 6 Cannes Parties du Domaine public maritime, telles qu'elles sont délimitées sur le 

plan annexé à l'arrêté et où sont aménagées les installations annexes, 

les jardins et les parkings du second port de plaisance de Cannes, 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 6 Eze L'ensemble constitué par le domaine public maritime correspondant au 

site classé des falaises d'Eze sur une profondeur de 500 mètres en 

direction du large à partir de la limite terrestre 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 6 Mandelieu-la- 

Napoule, 

Théoule-sur- 

Mer 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 6 Nice, 

Villefranche-sur- 

Mer 

Le massif de l'Estérel oriental sur les communes de Mandelieu-la- 

Napoule et de Théoule-sur-Mer (Alpes-Maritimes) et des Adrets-del'Estérel, 

de Fréjus, de Saint-Raphaël et de Tanneron (Var) 

L'ensemble formé par le Mont-Alban et le Mont-Boron sur les communes 

de Nice et Villefranche-sur-Mer ainsi que le domaine maritime 

correspondant 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 13 Cassis, la Ciotat L'ensemble formé par le site du Cap Canaille, du Bec de l'Aigle et de 

leurs abords ainsi que le domaine public maritime correspondant sur les 

communes de Cassis et de la Ciotat 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 13 Cassis, 

Marseille 

L'ensemble constitué par le domaine public maritime correspondant au 

site du massif des Calanques sur les communes de Marseille et de 

Cassis sur une distance de 500 mètres à partir de la limite des hautes 

eaux 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 13 Marseille Promenade de la Corniche : Les parcelles de terrain de la Promenade 

de la Corniche, à Marseille, comprises entre la promenade et le domaine 

public maritime (parcelles (...)) 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 13 Marseille Promenade de la Corniche : domaine public maritime, depuis les Bains 

des Catalans jusqu'à ceux du Roucas-Blancs 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 13 Marseille Presqu'île de la Pointe Rouge : parcelles de terrain faisant partie du 

domaine public maritime, depuis la traverse Foch jusqu'au droit du 

boulevard Raspail 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 83 Adrets-del'Estérel 

(Les), 

Fréjus, Saint- 

Raphaël, 

Tanneron 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 83 Bandol, Saint- 

Cyr-sur-Mer 

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 83 Bormes-les- 

Mimosas, la 

Londe-les- 

Maures 

Le massif de l'Estérel oriental sur les communes de Mandelieu-la- 

Napoule et de Théoule-sur-Mer (Alpes-Maritimes) et des Adrets-del'Estérel, 

de Fréjus, de Saint-Raphaël et de Tanneron (Var) 

Domaine public 

maritime (DPM) 

P A 30 juin 1972 955,29 

DPM (parties) P A 4 juin 1964 0 

DPM 

correspondant 

au site classé 

des falaises 

Massif de 

l'Estérel oriental 

Mont Alban, 

mont Boron et 

domaine public 


Cap Canaille et 

Bec de l'Aigle, 

abords et DPM 

Massif des 

calanques, 

Domaine public 


Parcelle entre la 

corniche et le 

DPM 

Promenade de 

la Corniche 

entre Catalans 

et Roucas 

Presqu'ile de la 

Pointe Rouge, 

parcelle du 

DPM 

Le massif de 

l'Estérel oriental 

P A 6 novembre 1984 111,61 

P D 3 janvier 1996 14300 DPM 

700 

HP D 28 octobre 1993 207,52 

P D 4 avril 1989 2 022,83 

TC A 27 décembre 1976 2 324,99 

TC A 22 juillet 1924 0,47 

A 3 janvier 1925 52,58 

A 3 janvier 1925 13,63 

P D 3 janvier 1996 14300 DPM 700 

Le domaine public maritime au droit du site terrestre classé DPM p A 1 avril 1997 394 

Le Cap Bénat sur les communes de Bormes-les-Mimosas et de la 

Londe-les-Maures ainsi que le domaine public maritime correspondant 

Cap Bénat et 

DPM 

correspondant 

P D 23 juillet 1975 2 238,81

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur 83 La Croix- 

Valmer, 

Ramatuelle 

P Pittoresque 

TC Tous critères 

L Légendaire 

S Scientifique 

H Historique 

A Artistique 

L'ensemble formé par les trois caps méridionaux de la presqu'île de 

Saint-Tropez: Cap Lardier, Cap Taillat ou Cartaya et Cap Camarat, ainsi 

que leur arrière-pays sur les communes de La Croix-Valmer et 

Ramatuelle ainsi que le DPM correspondant 

Les trois caps 

méridionaux 

(Lardier, 

Taillat,ou 

Cartayat, 

Camarat), DPM 

et arriere pays 


Annex III 

Page 165 

P D 6 mai 1995 2 076,42

Languedoc Roussillon 

Annexe 4 : liste des arrêtés de biotope concernant 

le littoral méditerranéen français 

Février 2005 

Marais de la Castillonne sur la commune de Mauguio (34) créé par arrêtés préfectoral des 17 et 23 janvier 1984 

Etang du Grec, commune de Palavas (34) créé par arrêté préfectoral du 28/07/90, complété par arrêté du 23/03/99 

Corse 

Basse vallée de l'ORTOLO, à SARTENE arrêté préfectoral du 29 octobre 1990 

Etang de Cannuta (commune de PALASCA) arrêté préfectoral du 29 avril 1992 

Etang de Foce et des dunes de l’Ostriconi (commune de PALASCA) arrêté préfectoral du 29 avril 1992 

Ile de la Giraglia sur la commune d’ERSA arrêté préfectoral du 09 septembre 1993 

Ile de Capense sise sur la commune de CENTURI arrêté préfectoral du 06 octobre 1994 

Landes à genets de Salzmann de Campo dell’Oro AJACCIO arrêté préfectoral du 10 septembre 1997 

Ile de Piana à Coti-Chiavari arrêté préfectoral du 03 novembre 1997. 

Domaine public maritime à SAINT FLORENT arrêté préfectoral du 7 mai 1998 

* 

Ilot de Cornuta sis sur la commune de ZONZA1 arrêté préfectoral du 5 juin 1998 

Cordon dunaire de Solaro et du marais de Leccia arrêté préfectoral du 30 juin 1998 

Cordon dunaire d’Urbino arrêté préfectoral du juin 01 septembre 1998 

Ilots de Stagnolu (800 mètres carrés) et Ziglione (2350mètres carrés) à PORTO-VECCHIO arrêté préfectoral du 2 octobre 2000 

Annex III 

Page 166 

Domaine public maritime grotte marine de Témuli Sagone à Coggia PORTO VECCHIO (Corse-du-Sud) arrêté préfectoral du 2 octobre 2000 

Ilot de Roscana, à ZONZA (Corse-du-Sud) arrêté préfectoral du 2 octobre 2000



MEDITERRANEAN 6 

V. General information 

1. Country Israel 

2. Period covered by the report 02 / 2003 – 03 / 2005 

3. National body responsible for drawing up the report. . 

Israel Ministry of Environment 

Division of International Relations 

5 Kanfey Nesharim St., Jerusalem, Israel 

Annex III 

Page 167 

4. National body and other organisations and/or institutions that provided data for the establishment of the report. 

Israel Nature and Parks Authority 

3 Am VeOlamo St., Jerusalem, Israel . 

VI. Legal and/or administrative measures taken under the terms of the Protocol 7 

36. To protect, preserve and manage marine and coastal areas with a particular natural or cultural value, and to 

protect, preserve and manage endangered or threatened species of marine and coastal fauna and flora (article 

3); 

During the period under review, efforts were made to pass the proposed Law for the Protection for the Coastal 

Environment, that promotes coordinated, integrated management of the coastal area. The law was eventually 

passed in August 2004 and came into force in November 2004. 

The law emphasises Israel’s recognition of the coastal environment and its assets as a unique resource that must 

be protected. It strengthens an integrated approach to coastal zone management by encompassing existing 

protective measures and obligating all authorities responsible for granting permits or licenses for coastal activities to 

assimilate the aims of the law into their authorizations. 

The law delineates the coastal environment as consisting of both land and sea – extending from Israel’s territorial 

waters to 300 meters landward. Its major aims are: 

• To protect the coastal environment, its natural assets and cultural heritage assets, to 

restore and conserve them as a resource of unique value, and to prevent and reduce as 

far as possible any damage to them· 

• To preserve the coastal environment and the coastal sand for the benefit and enjoyment 

of the public, for this and future generations; 

• To establish principles and limitations of sustainable management for the development 

and use of the coastal environment 

The National Parks, Nature Reserves, National Sites and Memorial Sites Law, 1998 (“National Parks Law”) is the 

other main piece of local legislation that acts as a basis for the protection of natural assets, and the preservation and 

management of specially protected areas. 


No such measures were implemented. 


Regarding the following sections, there is little to report as no specially protected areas in Israel have been declared 

under the new Protocol. Israel’s local protected areas are governed by the National Parks Law for which the Israel 

Nature and Parks Authority (INPA) is the responsible implementing body. The law protects these areas from 

changes and makes any activity with potential impacts subject to a permit from the INPA. In these areas, the law 

thus prevents any dumping or discharge, passage of ships, introduction of non-indigenous species, hunting and 

6 This new format is in conformity with the reporting system set up within the framework of the Barcelona 

Convention and adopted by the Contracting Parties during their 13 th meeting (Catania, November 2003) 

- The information requested should be presented synthetically and the report should not exceed 6 pages 

(approximately 3000 words) 

- The reports should be drafted in English or in French and be sent in electronic form to car-asp@racspa.org.tn 

by the deadline of 1 st March 2005. 

7 In the case of legal measures, it is requested that a copy of the enacted law be attached to this report or 

handed in during the meeting of National Focal Points. 

167

Annex III 

Page 168 

harvesting, or any activity likely to impair the natural or cultural characteristics of the site. Plans for scientific 

research with the potential to bring about detrimental impacts to the site must receive prior approval via an INPA 

permit. 


Under the National Parks Law, the INPA is charged with developing and implementing management plans for every 

protected area. 


Under the National Parks Law, all “natural assets” (defined as “any thing or class of things in nature, whether 

animal, vegetable or mineral, whose preservation, in the opinion of the Minister of Agriculture, is of value”) 


(article 13); 

Committees convened by the Ministry of Agriculture aim to prevent the introduction of any new species to the wild 

that pose a risk of ecological problems. The focus is on prevention rather than eradication of harmful species. 


No exemptions were granted. 

VII. Technical application of the protocol 


No specially protected areas as under the protocol were declared in the reporting period. 

44. Proposals made to include the areas subject to national jurisdiction on the SPAMI list (Article 9a 



No proposals yet. 


a) Status and state of the areas under national jurisdiction included on the SPAMI list (article 23a) 


Not applicable 


All CITES species became protected under the nature protection law of Israel. 

A revision of the list of protected species that are protected was made. 

47. New data concerning non-indigenous or genetically modified species liable to be harmful. (Article 13.2). 

No new data. 


a) Date of establishment or updating of the inventory of areas containing rare or fragile ecosystems; 

b) Date of establishment or updating of the inventory of endangered or threatened species of flora and/or 

fauna ; 



No new inventories were made within the reporting period. 


No exemptions were granted in the reporting period. 






Action plan for the conservation of cartilaginous fish (condrichtyans) in the Mediterranean sea 

Action plan concerning the introduction of species and invasive species in the Mediterranean sea 

The main developments are in the action plans concerning sea turtles, and that of cartilaginous fish. 

For the first, participation in the Cyprus training courses continues regularly, and a rehabilitation center was 

established. 

For the second, all elasmobranches fishes are now protected by regulations. 


Not aplicable.

Annex III 

Page 169 

VIII. Brief description of all problems or constraints encountered in the application of the Protocol 

The responsibilities related to the sea and marine life are divided between the INPA and the Ministry of Agriculture, 

the former controlling protected areas and the latter working in all other marine areas. There is a certain conflict of 

interest over the protection and exploitation of fish reserves between these areas, which is complicated by the 

division of administrative responsibility. 

169

Annex III 

Page 170 

I General Information 

THE SEVENTH MEETING OF NATIONAL FOCAL POINTS FOR SPAs 

Seville, 31 st May – 3 rd June 2005 

Giulio Relini 

University of Genoa 

Italian Ministry for the Environment and Territory 

1. Italy. 

2. June 2003 to March 2005. 

3. The report is compiled by Prof. G. Relini, NFP, with the help of Dr. Sandro La Posta, Arch. Annamaria Maggiore, 

Arch. Angelo Ciasca and Mr. Paolo Galoppini, Officers of the Italian Ministry for the Environment and Territory 

(acronym: IMET), General Directorate for Nature Protection. 

Dr. Carlo Fortunato, Dr. Barbara Marniga, Dr. Marina Pulcini of Technical Secretary for Protected Areas of IMET. 

4. National Organizations that provided data are: 

ICRAM Istituto Centrale per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica Applicata al Mare 

SIBM Società Italiana di Biologia Marina Onlus 

Centro Studi Cetacei 

II Legal and/or administrative measures taken under the terms of the Protocol 

6. To protect, preserve and manage marine and coastal areas (article 3); 

In the period March 2003 – March 2005 the Presidential Decree n.120/2003 of 12 th March 2003 containing 

amendments for implementation measure to the EU Directive n. 43/92 that is the most valuable and important law 

for countries of the European Union for Nature Conservation, was published in the Official Journal. 

ACCOBAMS agreement has been finally ratified by the Law 10.02.2005 n. 27, G.U. (Italian Official Journal) n. 51 of 

3 rd . 03.2005 


A new MPA named Plemmirio (Sicily) was established by Ministerial Decree of 15.09.2004 (G.U. n. 32, 09.02.05). 

The Italian laws provided for the setting up to 51 marine protected areas. 

At present, 25 have been established for a total surface of 260,125 hectares of which two are the marine part of 

National Park (see list in annex 1). Strictly protected areas extend on 10,178 ha. 

8. To provide protection (article 6); 

Strengthening of application of the other Protocols and other relevant treaties to which they are Parties; 

a. No new generally applicable measures were adopted specifically targeted on the strengthening the 

application of other Protocols within specially protected areas. 

As far as the “Pelagos Sanctuary” is concerned, a specific provision of the treaty (art. 6) provides for 

the obligation of contracting States to exercise a specific control in the area and to strengthen the fight 

against land based and marine sources of pollution that are able to have an impact on the conservation 

status of marine mammals. Parties also commit themselves to adopt national strategies for the progressive 

reduction of toxic substances in the area, giving priority to substances listed in Annex I of LBS Protocol. 

These measures are useful also for coastal marine areas and SPAs. 

b. No new generally applicable measures were adopted on prohibition of dumping or discharge affecting 

protected areas 

According to frame law on protected areas (Law n. 394/1991), the discharge of any solid or liquid waste is 

prohibited within marine protected areas. 

Other economic and human activities are regulated by specific legislation: e.g. the 1996 Ministerial Decree 

limits the dumping of dredged materials in protected areas. Consistently, ICRAM technical standards for 

harbour dredging activities recommend special conditions for the management of such materials in the whole 

International Sanctuary area. 

c. No new generally applicable measures were adopted for the regulation of the passage of ships. 

The area between the isle of Corse (France) and the isle of Sardinia (Italy), which falls within the boundaries 

of the “Pelagos Sanctuary”, is a strait used for international navigation and represents a major concern as far 

as the risk of pollution from international shipping is concerned. In 2001, aiming at addressing this risk, the 

Italian and French Coast Guards signed a co-operation agreement for the co-ordinated monitoring and 

surveillance of the area. At international level, since the ‘80s, both countries have been submitting to the 

International Maritime Organization (IMO) several requests for the prohibition of the passage of ships through 

the strait. In 1998, same national legislation was adopted in both countries prohibiting loaded national ships 

to cross the strait. IMO adopted several resolutions on this issue and finally established recommended routes 

and a mandatory reporting system in the area. In 2001, in the framework of the voluntary agreement between 

the Italian Ministries of Environment, Transport, Industry, the industrial organizations, the trade unions and 

environmental NGOs, the Italian industry committed itself to include in ships contracts a specific clause 

concerning the Strait. 

d. Regulation of introduction of species 

No legislation nor administrative measures were adopted specifically addressing the problem of 

introduction of non indigenous species in protected areas. 

Since 1998, the Italian Society for Marine Biology (SIBM) set up a working group with the aim of studying the 

problem of marine allochthonous species in Italy and collaborating with ICRAM and in particular with the ICES

Annex III 

Page 171 

Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms (WGITMO) and the ICES/IOC/IMO Study 

Group on Ballast and other Ship Vectors (SGBOSV). The chair of the Italian Group attends each year the ICES 

Meeting and presents the Italian report (non official). The last meeting were hosted by Italy in Cesenatico (21 – 

26 March 2004). 

The ICRAM with the collaboration of SIBM finished an important work: 

Introduction of non-indigenous and genetically modified species project, a government-funded program 

stemming from the application of article 13 of SPABIO Protocol. The project deals mainly with: a) the 

formulation of a taxonomic and diagnostic atlas for the identified species of each taxonomic group, realized 

through GIS; b) the monitoring of ballast waters; c) the drawing up of guidelines for aquaculture practices 

(one of the main causes for the penetration of alien species) to avoid the expansion of this phenomenon. 

e. Regulation of activities; 

The “Pelagos Sanctuary” Agreement, foresees that Parties shall ensure a favourable state of conservation for 

every marine mammal species and will protect their habitat from direct and indirect negative impacts (Art. 4). 

The Agreement prohibits any deliberate "taking" (defined as "hunting, catching, killing or harassing of marine 

mammals, as well as the attempting of such actions") or disturbance directed at marine mammals. Non-lethal 

catches may be authorized in urgent situations or for in-situ scientific research purposes (Art. 7, a). The 

Agreement foresees that Parties shall conform with international and EC regulations with regard to the use and 

detention of driftnets (Art. 7, b). 

At national level, Law n. 391 of 11/10/2001 prohibits, in article 5.1, speed boat racing within Italian territorial 

waters falling within the Sanctuary. 

f. Regulation of scientific research activities; 

The elaboration of a draft management plan for the “Pelagos Sanctuary”, encompassing management and 

program activities and including research and monitoring activities started. 

g. No new generally applicable measures were adopted in this last period targeted for protected areas. 

Following the precautional approach and the FAO Code of Conduit, the Italian Triennial Fisheries Plans refer 

specifically to the conservation and sustainable use of marine and coastal biological diversity. 

Frame Law on protected areas (n. 394 of 06/12/1991) prohibits the following activities in marine protected 

areas: 

- capture, collection and destruction of animal and plant species and collection of minerals and archeological 

remains 

- geophysical alteration of the environment and of its chemical and water hydro-biological characteristics 

- usage of fire arms, explosives and any other destructive means or capture. 

Furthermore, decrees and regulations of each marine protected area provide specific indications on the 

modalities, periods and fishing gear types allowed for the collection of wildlife as well as on the procedures 

for obtaining fishing licenses. 

9. Some work was done or is in progress regarding planning, management, supervision and monitoring of specially 

protected areas; 

ICRAM and CONISMA have devised, funded and coordinated a scientific programme called “Sistema 

Afrodite” for the inventory and monitoring of the core zones (Zona A) of Italian Marine Protected Areas, to 

be completed in a three years span (2001-2004). 

In addition to the main goal of helping the creation of a national MPA network, the objectives of “Afrodite/Venere” 

include the creation of a shared, standardised base of knowledge, the promotion of a higher level of cooperation 

among scientists in Italy and in the Mediterranean countries. Among several activities habitat and species 

inventories is performed through first national-wide application of the Standard Data Entry Forms. To help in the 

preparation of the inventories, ICRAM, in collaboration with SIBM, has provided for the preparation of a manual for 

the description and identification of Mediterranean marine habitat (benthic priority habitat) and species of annex 2 of 

the Protocol. 

For each species and habitat a fact sheet was prepared with drawings and/or colour photos, as well as descriptions 

of the main characteristics to enable identification. An English version is in progress. 

The DIP.TE.RIS (Dipartimento per lo Studio del Territorio e delle sue Risorse) of Genoa University was asked by the 

RAMOGE to study an area near Ventimiglia (Capo Mortola) and to use the Standard Data-Entry Form for the 

description of marine habitat, in parallel with a similar work carried out by French colleagues on Cap Dramont and 

Corniche D’Antheor (Var, France). 

A draft management plan for the “International Sanctuary for Marine Mammals” has been formulated and approved 

during the last meeting of Parties held in Elba Island (Sept. 2004). The choice of the site for Secretariat is still in 

discussion. The plan encompasses the management of human activities, research and monitoring, education and 

capacity building, administration activities. 

10. There are no new legal or administrative measures dealing with the protection and conservation of species, except 

what referred at point 6. 

11. In the field of regulation of introduction of non-indigenous or genetically modified species, 

Italy signed the “International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Waters and Sediments” 

(London, 2004). 

As far as the Adriatic sea is concerned, Italy is a member of the trilateral ballast water management sub commission 

171

Annex III 

Page 172 

for the Adriatic sea (Italy-Slovenia-Croatia). 

12. To grant exemptions from protection measures (Article 12,18). 

As far as the protection of marine turtles is concerned, the IMET established a specific working group, coordinated by 

ICRAM, for the formulation of national guidelines for the handling and rehabilitation of marine turtles. These guidelines will 

support the formulation of a Ministerial Decree containing specific procedures on the granting of exemptions regulated by EC 

Directive n. 92/43/CEE. 


13. All the SPAs (Marine protected areas), except Plemmirio were established before March 2003 (see list in annex 1). 

a) In addition to MAPs, there are also other coastal and marine areas which are protected to different degrees 

and managed by different organisations as referred in the previous report of 2003. 

b) In the frame of Natura 2000 (EC Directives 92/43 and 79/409) Italy has proposed 2255 SCIs (Site of 

Community Importance), and 505 SPAs (Special Protection Areas); 160 SCIs and 6 SPAs have marine 

habitats. 

Proposal for the inclusion of MPA of Portofino in the SPAMI list has been presented in March 2005. 

14. International Sanctuary for Marine Mammals, i.e. “Pelagos Sanctuary” 

a) In 1999, a treaty signed by Italy, France and Monaco established the International Sanctuary for Marine 

Mammals. Italy ratified the treaty by law n. 391/2001 (“Ratifica ed esecuzione dell’Accordo relativo alla 

creazione nel Mediterraneo di un santuario per i mammiferi marini, fatto a Roma il 25 novembre 1999”) and 

established a national “Comité de Pilotage” and funds for the needs of the treaty. 

The International Sanctuary for Marine Mammals covers territorial waters and a part of the high seas. In 

November 2001, the Sanctuary was proposed for the inclusion in the SPAMI List. In the same year the 

inclusion was awarded. 

a) No modification in the delimitation of the legal status of the SPAMI occurred. 

15. No changes of the delimitation and legal status of protected species were made. 

16. ICRAM is carrying out a project concerning the identification of alien species in Italian seas, funded by IMET 

as referred at point 8d. The project also foresaw the creation of an inventory and atlas of non-indigenous and 

genetically modified organisms (GMOs) utilized in aquaculture and the aquaria industries. 

The study indicated the presence in the Mediterranean of 129 species of micro and macrophytes; 25 cnidarians; 

140 molluscs; 58 anellids; 59 species of crustaceans; 16 species of bryozoans; 10 ascidiaceans; 104 fish; 

The Mediterranean sea with its 541 non indigenous species is to date the sea with the highest number of recorded 

alien species. An updated list of NIS present in Italy was compiled by the SIBM group (see annex 2). In total 149, 

while in the previous report in Marseille, 123 were recorded. Macrophyta are represented by 36 species, animals are 

3 cnidaria, 5 bryozoa, 2 pycnogonida, 3 Ascidiacean, 31 Mollusca, 20 Crustacea, 29 Anellida, 20 Fishes. 

SIBM and Pavia University have been entrusted by IMET with a study on population dynamic of the alien 

gasteropod Rapana venosa in Adriatic Sea. 

18. See point 9. 

SIBM has been entrusted by the IMET with the task of updating the checklist of Italian marine fauna. The checklist is 

also aimed at inventorying the presence of threatened or endangered fauna (2002-2005). SIBM through the Laboratorio 

di Biologia Marina di Trieste prepared the checklist of microfitoplankton of Italian seas with some data on distribution in 

different areas. In total 1740 species of which 750 Bacillariophyceae, 597 Dinophyceae, 174 Prymnesiophyceae 

(Cocolithophorids are listed). SIBM with the coordination of Catania University prepared the inventory with geographic 

distribution, on the basis of literature data, of 60 out of 61 priority benthic habitat following SPABIO Protocol. This 

important work helped the Officer of IMET and some marine biologists in preparing a report for Bruxelles asking the 

introduction of some priority habitat of Barcelona Convention in the annex 1 of Habitat Directive (enclosed 3). The same 

was tried for species. Recommendations for introduction of new species (enclosed 4) in the annexes 2 and 4 were sent 

with detailed description and motivation for several species. Some of them are not yet in the annex 2 of Barcelona 

SPABIO Protocol. 

IMET published a beautiful and interesting volume on Marine Caves (50 years of research in Italy) that is an important 

source of information and also an inventory of this type of habitat along the Italian coast. 

ICRAM participates in the activities of the European Topic Centre for Biodiversity coordinated by the Museum of Natural 

History, Paris. This framework involves, amongst other things, the insertion of the marine habitat classification, 

developed within the Barcelona Convention system, in the European EUNIS classification and the identification of 

specific biodiversity indexes (2005 – 2008). 

19. Exemptions granted from protection measures. 

There is no available information concerning this item. 

20. Implementation of the action plans for threatened species adopted within the framework of MAP. 

Guidelines for the formulation of national action plans for the conservation of cetaceans, monk seal, sharks and 

marine turtles have been elaborated by ICRAM and submitted to the Ministry of Environment. 

Conservation of Cetaceans. 

The preparation of a management plan for Pelagos Sanctuary is a very important implementation of 

conservation of Cetaceans.

Annex III 

Page 173 

In the report dealing with this plan, there is a summary review of the knowledge on the area prepared by 

scientists of three countries. DIPTERIS (University of Genoa) prepared for Ministry of Environment another 

report “Studio per l’acquisizione di elementi conoscitivi per la gestione di Pelagos”. The report (536 pages) 

is a synthesis of the knowledge of Pelagos Sanctuary dealing with geographic, biotic and abiotic 

characteristic of the area, trophic structure, fishery, tourism, maritime traffic and impact on cetaceans, 

pollution, research, protection law, fishery law, references. 

SIBM was encharged by Ministry of Environment to prepare a special volume on Pelagic environment and 

Pelagos Sanctuary of the series “Italian Habitats” edited by Ministry of Environment, Friuli Museum of 

Natural History. 

In December 2004, the Centre for Cetacean Studies published the 18 th Report on stranded cetaceans in 

Italy during 2003. The report is dealing with 102 specimens which were found stranded, rammed or 

incidentally caught along the national coasts. 

There are many private organisations interested in cetaceans studies and observation. Whale watching is 

increasing in particular along the ligurian coast. It is urgent a national, and if possible international, 

coordination of activity to avoid the loss of important information and control that the Code of Conduit at 

Sea is respected. 

Very interesting and new observations on finwhale wintering near Lampedusa Island (Sicily Channel) were 

made by a group of ICRAM. Several specimes of B. phisalus were seen feeding on very shallow water and 

close to the coast of Lampedusa. The main prey was the small Euphausiid Nyctiphanes couchi. 

Monk seal. 

During the last two years, isolated monk seal was several times recorded along the southern part of 

Sardinia Island. 

Sea turtles. 

ICRAM was encharged by IMET to chair a committee composed by representative of Italian Scientific 

Society, NGOs association, etc., whose aim is to coordinate the activity in Italy on protection of marine 

turtle and review the Italian National Plan prepared several years ago by ICRAM with the support of 

different bodies. 

Marine vegetation. 

At present, there is no proposal for national action plan for marine vegetation though the mapping of 

Posidonia beds all around Italy is in progress. Most of the marine SIC (Site of Community Interest) were 

established because of the presence of Posidonia meadow. Some regional Authorities promulgated 

important local laws with the aim to protect Posidonia and other sensitive habitats. In particular defining the 

technical standards for the activities to protect the coastline and the standards requirement for the material 

to be used for nourishing the sandy beaches. Another important point is the definition of criteria for 

evaluation of the “status” of Posidonia meadow. 

SIBM, in collaboration with APAT and ICRAM, published the “Mediterranean marine benthos: a manual of 

methods for its sampling and study” in Italian and English. 

SIBM published with the financial support of IMET a guide for identification of Mediterranean corallinales as 

a further contribution to the knowledge of marine biodiversity along the Italian coasts. A CD with an 

electronic identification key in English was also produced by two authors from the University of Trieste, L. 

Babbini and G. Bressan. 

Cartilaginous fish. 

The national plan prepared several years ago is not yet approved. Inside SIBM there is an active group of 

scientists working on condrichtyans in collaboration with FAO experts and the European Elasmobranch 

Association. They are working in particular on a guide for identification of skates and rays that is still a 

problem. 

Scientific data on the catch of demersal species are still collected during the trawl surveys (Medits and 

Grund) all around Italy, while very few data are available for pelagic sharks. 

There is no national plan concerning the introduction of species and invasive species in the Mediterranean, 

but a lot of work and research was carried out or is in progress. 

A meeting of experts is planned in October 2005 at Alghero to discuss the conservation of birds listed in 

annex 2. 

21. Implementation of other recommendations pertinent to the Contracting Parties. 

In the frame of art. 19 of SPA Protocol, IMET in cooperation with Italian Touring Club published, in Italian and 

English, a guide book and an atlas of 22 MPAs + Pelagos Sanctuary with main information needed to visit the 

areas. 

IV. Brief description of all problems or constraints encountered in the application of the Protocol. 

2. Brief description of any problems or constraints in implementation of the Protocol (optional) 

Not applicable. 

Enclosed: Annex 1 List of established MPA in Italy and National Parks 

Annex 2 List of introduced Marine Species in Italy 

Annex 3 List of Habitat proposed for inclusion in the annex 1 of Habitat Directive 

Annex 4 List of species proposed for inclusion in the annexes 2 and 4 of Habitat Directive 

173

Annex III 

Page 174 

Table A. Established marine protected areas in Italy, their surface areas and its decrees of establishment (note: G.U. indicates the 

Official Journal) 

MARINE PROTECTED AREA 

TOTAL SURFACE 

AREA (ha) 

SURFACE AREA 

OF ZONE A (ha) 

ACT 

PORTOFINO 346 18 Ministerial Decree 6.6.98 - published in G.U. n. 188, 13.08.98 

CINQUE TERRE 2,726 79 Ministerial Decree 12.12.97 - published in G.U. n. 48, 27.02.98 

SECCHE DI TOR PATERNO 1,387 0 Ministerial Decree 22.11.00 - published in G.U. n. 16, 20.01.01 

ISOLE DI VENTOTENE E S. STEFANO 2,799 410 Ministerial Decree 12.12.97 - published in G.U. n. 45l, 24.02.98 

PENISOLA DEL SINIS –ISOLA MAL DI 

VENTRE 

32,900 1,136 Ministerial Decree 12.12.97 - published in G.U. n. 45, 27.02.98 

CAPO CARBONARA 8,598 332 Ministerial Decree 15.09.98 - published in G.U. n. 229, 29.09.99 

TAVOLARA – CAPO CODA CAVALLO 15,357 529 Ministerial Decree 12.12.97 - published in G.U. n. 47, 26.02.98 

PUNTA CAMPANELLA 1,539 181 

Ministerial Decree 12.12.97 - published in G.U. n. 47, 26.02.98, as 

amended 

ISOLA DI USTICA 15,951 60 Interministerial Decree 12.11.86 - published in GU n. 71, 26.03.87 

ISOLE EGADI 53,992 1,067 

Interministerial Decree 27.12.91 - published in G.U. n. 115, 19.5.92, 

as amended 

ISOLE CICLOPI 623 35 

Interministerial Decree 27.12.91 - published in GU n. 86, 12.04.90, 

as amended 

Interministerial Decree del 27.12.91 - published in G.U. n. 115, 

CAPO RIZZUTO 14,721 585 09.05.92, as amended 

PORTO CESAREO 16,654 173 Ministerial Decree 12.12.97 - published in G.U. n. 45, 24.02.98 

TORRE GUACETO 2,227 179 Interministerial Decree 4.12.91 - published in G.U. n. 115, 19.05.92 

ISOLE TREMITI 1,466 180 Interministerial Decree 14.07.89 - published in G.U. n. 295, 19.12.89 

MIRAMARE 30 30 Interministerial Decree 12.11.86 - published in G.U. n. 77, 2.04.87 

BAIA 176.6 20.07 

Interministerial Decree 07.08.02 - published in G.U. n. 288, 

09.12.2002 

GAIOLA 41.6 6.4 

Interministerial Decree 07.08.02 - published in G.U. n. 288, 

09.12.2002 

CAPO GALLO 2,173 77 Ministerial Decree 24.07.02 - published in G.U. n. 285, 05.12.02 

ISOLA DELL’ASINARA 10,732 577 Ministerial Decree 13.08.02 - published in G.U. n. 298, 20.12.02 

CAPO CACCIA 2,631 38 Ministerial Decree 20.09.02 - published in G.U. n. 285, 05.12.02 

ISOLE PELAGIE 3,220 80 Ministerial Decree 21.10.02 - published in G.U. n. 14 del 18.01.03 

PLEMMIRIO 2,429 113 Ministerial Decree 15.09.04 - published in G.U. n. 32 del 09.02.03 

TOTAL 188,313.2 5,308.1 

Table B. Established national parks including a sea area and their establishment acts (note: G.U. indicates the Italian Official Journal) 

PARCO NAZIONALE 

ARCIPELAGO TOSCANO 

56.766 3.045 

PARCO NAZIONALE 

ARCIPELAGO DELLA MADDALENA 

15.046 1.825 

TOTAL 71.812 4.870 

GRAND TOTAL 260.125,2 10.178,1 

39 th European Marine Biology Symposium - Genoa, 21-24 July 2004 

Presidential Decree 22.07.1996 

Law 4.01.1994 n. 10 in G.U. n. 6, 10.01.94; 

Presidential Decree 17.05.96 

Gruppo Alloctoni SIBM coordinated by Anna Occhipinti-Ambrogi 

Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Section of Ecology, Via Sant’Epifanio, 14 

27100 Pavia, Italy E-mail: occhipin@unipv.it 

Introduced Marine Species in Italy 

Non indigenous species (NIS) are being introduced in marine habitats with increasing frequency, often establishing large 

populations, that are considered a threat to biodiversity. In order to cope with international efforts aimed at a better 

knowledge of the ongoing global change in the distribution of marine organisms, the Italian scientific community has 

assembled the available information on recent (post war) introductions in Italian coastal waters. A few years after the 

publication of the first list (Occhipinti Ambrogi, 2002) the number of species has increased substantially, and the study group 

of allochtonous species appointed by the Italian Society of Marine Biology (SIBM) has completed a revision and analysis of 

the data that are presented here. This contribution aims at establishing a baseline for evaluating the rate of new introductions 

and their further spreading. Italy is at a crossroads in the Mediterranean, between the expansion of species coming from the 

East (most of Lessepsian origin) and from the West (most Atlantic species), is the terminal of many transoceanic commercial 

routes and has a large aquaculture activity especially clams and mussels. Moreover, the long tradition in taxonomic studies 

and the good historical knowledge of the fauna and flora of many localities still survive and are the most powerful tools in 

monitoring marine biodiversity.

Annex III 

Page 175 

The NIS data are analysed in groups dealing with fishes, algae and invertebrates, respectively. Fishes, crustaceans and 

molluscs are treated in more detail thanks to the existence of the CIESM Atlas of marine exotic species. Data on planktonic 

organisms are somewhat more scattered and elusive. Single findings of a small number of individuals have been quoted 

separately. The hotspots where a large number of NIS have been found are located in the Northern Adriatic and in Sicily, 

although the findings can be biased by the intensity of search by local investigators. Invasive species, that have built up 

MACROPHYTA (36) 

Acrothamnion preissii (Sonder) E.M. Wollaston 

Agardhiella subulata (C.Agardh) Kraft & M.J.Wynne 

r Aglaothamnion feldmanniae Halos 

Antithamnion amphigeneum A. Millar 

Antithamnion pectinatum (Montagne) Brauner Athanasiadis et Tittley 

Apoglossum gregarium (E.Y. Dawson) M.J. Wynne 

Asparagopsis armata Harvey 

Bonnemaisonia hamifera Hariot 

Botryocladia madagascariensis Feldmann-Mazoyer 

Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh 

Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh 

Ceramium strobiliforme G.W. Lawson & D.M. John 

r Chondria polyrhiza Collins & Hervey 

Chondria pygmaea Garbary & Vandermeulen 

Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot ssp. tomentosoides (Goor) P.C. Silva 

Colpomenia peregrina Sauvageau 

r Grateloupia turuturu Yamada 

Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson 

Halothrix lumbricalis (Kützing) Reinke 

r Hypnea cornuta (Kützing) J. Agardh 

Hypnea spinella (C. Agardh) Kützing 

Laurencia chondrioides Børgesen 

Laurencia majuscula (Harvey) A.H.S. Lucas 

Leathesia difformis (Linnaeus) Areschoug 

r Lomentaria hakodatensis Yendo 

Lophocladia lallemandii (Montagne) F. Schmitz 

Neosiphonia harveyi (J.W. Bailey) M.S. Kim, H.G. Choi, Guiry & G.W. 

Saunders 

r Padina boergesenii Allender & Kraft 

r Plocamium secundatum (Kützing) Kützing 

r Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey 

Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt 

Scytosiphon dotyi M.J. Winne 

Solieria filiformis (Kützing) P.W. Gabrielson 

r Symphyocladia marchantioides (Harvey) Falkenberg 

Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar 

Womersleyella setacea (Hollenberg) R.E. Norris 

CNIDARIA (3) 

Clytia hummelincki (Leloup,1935) 

Garveia franciscana (Torrey, 1902) 

Diadumene cincta Stephenson, 1925 

BRYOZOA (5) 

Celleporella carolinensis (Ryland, 1979) 

r Crepidacantha poissonii (Audouin, 1826) 

r Electra tenella (Hincks, 1880) 

Tricellaria inopinata (d’Hondt et Occhipinti 

Ambrogi, 1985) 

r Arachnoidea protecta (Harmer, 1915) 

PYCNOGONIDA (2) 

Ammothea hilgendorfi (Böhm, 1879) 

Anoplodactylus californicus (Hall, 1912) 

TUNICATA (3) 

Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927 

Microcosmus exasperatus Heller, 1978 

Polyandrocarpa zorritensis (Van Name, 

1931) 

r non established species invasive species 

 

MOLLUSCA, BIVALVIA (13) 

Anadara inaequivalvis (Bruguière, 1789) 

Anadara demiri (Piani, 1981) 

Brachidontes pharaonis (Fisher, 1870) 

r Chlamys lischkei (Dunker, 1850) 

Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) 

r Eastonia rugosa (Helbling, 1779) 

Musculista senhousia (Bensor in Cantor, 1842) 

Perna picta (Born, 1778) 

r Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814) 

Saccostrea cucullata (Born, 1778) 

Tapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) 

Xenostrobus securis (Lamarck, 1819) 

Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758 

MOLLUSCA, GASTROPODA (17) 

r Aplysia dactylomela Rang,1828 

r Aeolidiella indica (Bergh, 1888) 

Bursatella leachii De Blainville,1817 

Cerithium scabridum Philippi, 1848 

r Chromodoris quadricolor (Rueppell & Leuckart, 1828) 

Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) 

r Cuthona perca (Marcus, 1958) 

r Doris bertheloti (d'Orbigny,1839 ) 

Haminoea callidegenita Gibson & Chia, 1989 

Melibe fimbriata Alder & Hancock, 1864 

r Odostomia (Megastomia) cfr. sicula Philippi, 1851 

Polycera hedgpethi Marcus, 1964 

Polycerella emertoni Verrill, 1881 

Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) 

r Rissoina spirata (Sowerby, 1820) 

r Sabia conica (= Hipponyx conicus) (Schumacher, 1817) 

r Sclerodoris cfr. tuberculata Eliot,1904 

MOLLUSCA, CEPHALOPODA (1) 

Tremoctopus gracilis (Eydoux/Souleyet, 1852) 

CRUSTACEA, COPEPODA (3) 

Acartia grani Sars, 1904 

Acartia tonsa Dana, 1849 

Pteriacartia josephinae Crisafi, 1974 

CRUSTACEA, PERACARIDA (3) 

Caprella scaura Templeton, 1836 

Elasmopus pectenicrus (Bate, 1842) 

Paracerceis sculpta (Holmes, 1904) 

CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA (14) 

r Callinectes danae Smith, 1869 

Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 

r Calappa pelii Herklots,1851 

r Dromia spinirostris (Miers, 1881) 

Dyspanopeus sayi (Smith, 1869) 

r Herbstia nitida Manning & Holthuis, 1981 

r Heteropanope laevis (Dana, 1852) 

r Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate, 1888) 

r Menaethius monoceros (Latreille, 1825) 

Percnon gibbesi (H. Milne, Edwards, 1853) 

Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) 

r Scyllarus caparti Holthuis, 1952 

r Thalamita gloriensis Crosnier, 1962 

ANNELIDA (29) 

Amphicorina eimeri (Lagerhans, 1880) 

Amphicorina pectinata (Banse, 1957) 

Branchiomma luctuosum (Grube, 1869) 

Desdemona ornata Banse, 1957 

r Dispio uncinata Hartman, 1951 

r Epidiopatra hupferiana monroi Day, 1957 

r Fabriciola qhardaqa Banse, 1959 

r Isolda pulchella Müller, 1858 

Leiochrides australis Augener, 1914 

r Longibranchium atlanticum (Day, 1973) 

r Lumbrinerides neogesae Miura, 1980 

r Lumbrineris inflata (Moore, 1911) 

Lysidice collaris Grube, 1870 

Mediomastus capensis Day, 1961 

r Metasychis gotoi (Izuka, 1902) 

Notomastus aberans Day, 1963 

Notopygos crinita Grube, 1855 (= N. megalops Mc Intosh, 1885) 

Ophryotrocha japonica nomen nudum 

Pileolaria berkeleyana (Rioja, 1942) 

r Pista unibranchia Day, 1963 

r Platynereis cf. australis Schmarda, 1861 

r Prionospio pygmaea Hartman, 1955 

r Protodorvillea egena (Ehlers, 1913) 

r Questa caudicirra Hartman, 1966 

r Rhodine loveni Malmgren, 1866 (=Rhodine gracilior) 

r Scoloplos (Leodamas) chevalieri candiensis Harmelin, 1969 

Spirorbis marioni Caullery & Mesnil, 1897 

r Streblosoma hesslei (Day, 1955) 

r Streptosyllis arenae Webster & Benedict, 1884 

VERTEBRATES, FISHES (20) 

Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) 

Beryx splendens Lowe, 1934 

Chaunax suttkusi Caruso, 1989 

r Diodon hystrix (Linneus) 

r Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) 

Fistularia commersoni (Ruppel, 1835) 

r Galeocerdo cuvier (Peron & Le Sueur, 1822) 

r Halosaurus ovenii Johnson, 1863 

Makaira indica (Cuvier,1832) 

Pinguipes brasilianus Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 

r Pisodonophis semicinctus (Richardson, 1848) 

r Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål, 1875) 

r Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppel, 1837) 

Seriola fasciata (Bloch, 1793) 

Seriola carpenteri Mather, 1971 

r Seriola rivoliana Cuvier, 1833 

Sphoeroides pachygaster (Müller & Troschel, 1848) 

r Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppel, 1837) 

Stephanolepis diaspros Fraser-Brunner, 1940 

r Synagrops japonicus (Doderlein, 1884) 

large populations in the receiving habitats of the Italian peninsula, are to be found among algae, molluscs, crustaceans and 

bryozoans. 

175


Annex III 

Page 176 

List of 22 habitats of SPABIO proposed for inclusion in Annex l of 92/43/CEE Habitat Directive 

Legend: Criteria: V = vulnerability; H = heritage value; R = rarity; Ae = Aesthetic; Ec = Economic significance; Rating (Rt): P = Priority habitat. 

Piano/ Habitat V 

H R 

Criteria 

Ae Ec Category 

Annex 3 

Priority Habitat 

with four 1 

MESOLITTORAL 

Association with Lithophyllum byssoides 1 1 1 1 3 P X 

Association with Fucus virsoides 

INFRALITTORAL 

1 1 1 2 3 P 

Facies of the hidrotermal waters with Cyclope neritea and 

nematods 

1 1 1 3 3 P 

Maërl facies (Association with Lithothamnion corallioides and 

Phymatolithon calcareum 

1 1 1 2 2 P 

Facies with Vermetids 1 1 1 1 2 P X 

Facies and associations of coralligenous biocoenosis (in 

enclave) 

CIRCALITTORAL 

1 1 2 1 2 P 

Association with Laminaria rodriguezii on debris 1 1 1 2 3 P 

Coralligenous biocoenosis: 1 1 2 1 2 P 

Association with Cystoseira zosteroides 1 2 1 1 3 P 

Association with Cystoseira usneoides 1 2 1 1 3 P 

Association with Cystoseira dubia 1 2 1 1 3 P 

Association with Cystoseira corniculata 1 2 1 1 3 P 

Association with Sargassum spp. 1 1 1 2 3 P 

Association with Laminaria ochroleuca 1 2 1 1 3 P 

Association with Rodriguezella strafforellii 1 1 1 1 3 P X 

Facies with Eunicella cavolinii 1 1 3 1 2 P 

Facies with Eunicella singularis 1 1 2 1 2 P 

Facies with Lophogorgia sarmentosa 1 1 1 1 3 P X 

Facies with Paramuricea clavata 1 1 2 1 2 P 

Coralligenous platforms 1 1 1 1 3 P X 

Facies with Corallium rubrum 1 1 2 1 1 P 

BATHYAL 

Biocenosis of deep sea corals 1 2 1 1 2 P X 

RHODOPHYTA 

PHAEOPHYTA 

PROPOSAL OF NEW SPECIES TO BE INCLUDED IN THE ANNEXES OF THE HABITAT DIRECTIVE 

Species 

Annexes of the Habitat Directive 

Annex II Annex IV Annex V 

Lithophyllum bissoides (Lamarck) Foslie 

(sinonimo Lithophyllum lichenoides) 

x 

Lithophyllum trochanter (Bory) H. Huvé ex Woelkerling 

(sinonimo Goniolithon byssoides) 

x 

Schimmelmannia schousboei (J. Agardh) J. Agardh x 

Cystoseira amentacea (C. Agardh) Bory incluse var. spicata (Ercegovic) 

Giaccone e var. stricta Montagne 

x 

Cystoseira sedoides (Desfontaines) C. Agardh x 

Cystoseira spinosa (Sauvageau) incluse var. compressa (Ercegovic) Cormaci et al. 

E var. tenuior 

x 

Cystoseira zosteroides (C. Agardh) x 

Laminaria rodriguezii (Bornet) x 

Laminaria ochroleuca (De La Pylaie) x 

Fucus virsoides (J. Agardh) x 

MAGNOLIOPHYTA 

Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile x 

PORIFERA 

Aplysina spp. x 

Spongia spp. x 

Petrobiona massiliana (Vacelet & Levi, 1971) x x 

Axinella polypoides (Schmidt, 1862) x x 

Axinella cannabina (Esper, 1794) x x 

Geodya cydonium (Jameson, 1811) x x 

Ircinia foetida (Schmidt, 1862) x x 

Ircinia pipetta (Schmidt, 1868) x x 

Annex 4

CNIDARIA 

Tethya citrina (Sarà & Melone, 1965) x x 


Annex III 

Page 177 

Species 



Antipathes dichotoma (Pallas, 1766) x 

Antipathes fragilis (Gravier, 1918) x 

Antipathes subpinnata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) x 

Gerardia savaglia (Bertoloni, 1819) x x 

Errina aspera (Linnaeus, 1767) x x 

MOLLUSCA 

Dendropoma petraeum (Monterosato, 1884) x x 

Erosaria spurca (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Luria lurida (Lamarck, 1810) x 

Schilderia achatidea (J.E. Gray in G.B. Sowerby II, 1837) x 

Zonaria pyrum (Gmelin, 1791) x 

Tonna galea (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Ranella olearia (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Charonia lampas lampas (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Charonia tritonis variegata (Lamarck, 1816) x 

Cymatium parthenopaeum (Salis Marschlin, 1793) x 

Mitra zonata (Marryat, 1818) x 

Pinna rudis (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Pholas dactylus (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Lucinoma spelaeum (Palazzi & Villari, 2000) x x 

Spondylus gaedoporus (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Spondylus gussoni (Costa O. G., 1829) x 

Bursa scrobilator (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Pedicularia sicula (Swainson, 1840) x 

Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus, 1767) x x 

Panopea glycimeris (Born, 1778) x 

Solemya togata (Poli, 1795) x 

CRUSTACEA 

Species 

Ocypode cursor (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Pachylasmus giganteum (Philippi, 1836) 

BRYOZOA 

Annex II 


Annex IV Annex V 

Hornera lichenoides (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Reteporella spp. x 

Adeonella spp. x 

Myriapora truncata (Pallas, 1766) x 

Pentapora fascialis (Pallas, 1766) x 

ECHINODERMATA 

Asterina pancerii (Gasco, 1870) x 

Ophidiaster ophidianus (Lamarck, 1816) x 

Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) 

CONDRICHTHYES 

x 

Species 



Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765) x 

Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) x 

Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Squatina aculeata (Cuvier, 1829) x 

Squatina oculata (Bonaparte, 1840) x 

Rhinobatus rhinobatus (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Rhinobatus cemiculus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) x 

Carcharias taurus (Rafinesque, 1809) x 

Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810) x 

Echinorhinus brucus (Bonaterre, 1788) x 

Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Pteromylaeus bovinus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) x 

Rhinoptera marginata x 

Pristis sp. x 

Heptranchias spp. x 

Heptranchias perlo x 

Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) x 

Species 



Centrophorus uyato (Rafinesque, 1810) x 

Centroscymnus coelolepis (Bocage & Capello, 1864) x 

Somniosus rostratus (Risso, 1826) x 

Oxinotus centrina (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788) x 

Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) x 

Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1839) x 

Sphyrna spp. x


Annex III 

Page 178 

OSTEICHTHYES 

Isurus oxyirinchus (Rafinesque, 1810) x 

Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788) x 

Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Carcharhinus spp. x 

Squalus acanthias (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Squalus blainvillei (Risso, 1826) x 

Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Mustelus asterias (Cloquet, 1821) x 

Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Mustelus punctulatus (Risso, 1826) x 

Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Rostroraja alba (Lacepède, 1803) x 

Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Raja spp. x 

Leucoraja spp. x 

Raja melitensis (Clark, 1926) x 

Raja polystigma (Regan, 1923) x 

Dasyatis centroura (Mitchill, 1815) x 

Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Hippocampus hippocampus (Linnaeus, 1758) x 

Hippocampus ramulosus (Leach, 1814) x 

Pomatoschistus marmoratus (Risso, 1810) x 

Pomatoschistus microps (Kroyer, 1838) x 

Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 1770) x 

Pomatoschistus tortonesei (Miller, 1968) x

NATIONAL REPORT 


Annex III 

Page 179 

ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROTOCOL CONCERNING SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 

IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 8 

IX. General information 

1. Country 

Hellenic Republic. 


2001-2005. 


Ministry of Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works, Directorate General for the Environment, 

Environmental Planning Division, Nature Management Section 



Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food, Directorate General of Forests, General Directorate of 

Fisheries. Ministry of Merchant Marine, Port Police Branch. 

X. Legal and/or administrative measures taken under the terms of the Protocol 9 




New legislative development concern the issuing of Law 3044/02, according to which, among 

other provisions, Management Bodies for 25 areas were established. Thirteen of these areas 

include marine and coastal parts. 

More specifically, recent development in the operation and management of the existing coastal 

and marine protected areas, as well as in the setting up of new protected areas is as follows: 

- The National Marine Park of Alonissos – Northern Sporades got a renewed designation 

as National Marine Park (JMD 23537/03). 

- The Administrative Councils of the Management Bodies of the National Marine Park of 

Alonissos Northern Sporades, of the National Park of Samaria and the National Park of 

Schinias Marathonas have been established by legislative act. 

- The Administrative Council of the Management Body of the National Marine Park of 

Zakynthos was officially reformed. 

- The Administrative Councils of the Management Bodies of 6 coastal Ramsar sites have 

also been established (Delta Evrou, Delta of Axios- Loudias –Aliakmon, Nestos Delta and 

Vistonis –Imaris lakes, Messolonghi- Aetolikon lagoons, Amvrakikos gulf wetlands, Kotychi – 

Strofylia forest and wetlands. 

- The Administrative Councils of the Management Bodies along with definition of 

boundaries in 3 new protected areas, which include marine and coastal elements, have been 

established (Mt Parnon- Moustos wetland, the gorges and estuaries of rivers Kalamas and 

Acherontas, and the Aegean islands of Karpathos and Saria). 

Further to that, the marine component of the Greek contribution to the NATURA 2000 European 

Ecological Network has been strengthened with the addition of 54 coastal/marine important bird 

areas in the list of Special Protection Areas and the extension of 12 respective areas. The 

Ministry for Aegean designated a number of island areas as Landscapes of Outstanding Natural 

Beauty. The Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food requested from the competent 

Services of North and South Aegean to designate the relevant islets up to 1000 ha as Wildlife 

8 

This new format is in conformity with the reporting system set up within the framework of the Barcelona Convention and adopted by the Contracting Parties 

during their 13 th meeting (Catania, November 2003) 

- The information requested should be presented synthetically and the report should not exceed 6 pages (approximately 3000 words) 

- The reports should be drafted in English or in French and be sent in electronic form to car-asp@rac-spa.org.tn by the deadline of 1 st March 2005. 

9 In the case of legal measures, it is requested that a copy of the enacted law be attached to this report or handed in during the meeting of National Focal Points.


Annex III 

Page 180 

Refuges, procedure that is is under way. Finally, a number of other coastal areas were 

designated as Wildlife Refuges where, among other provisions, hunting is prohibited and 

collection of species is regulated. 

As regards the species, a number of projects were carried out, including actions for the monk 

seals, marine turtles, endangered sea birds. All the endangered bird species of Annex 2 to the 

Protocol that are present in Greece are already strictly protected from the Joint Ministerial 

Decision 414985/85. Bird species benefit further from the designation of a number of Wildlife 

Refuges. Fishing, collecting and trading of specific species is regulated by national as well as by 

European Community legislation. Within the period under consideration, the issuing of the EC 

Regulations 1936/01 and 869/04 for the fishing and aquaculture of migratory fish species, the 

issuing of the EC Regulation 1185/03 for carcharoids and, at national level, the issuing of the 

Presidential Decree 227/03, modifying the P.D. 86/98 for the fishing of shells took place. 


The list of designated specially protected areas has not been changed within the period in concern. 


A number of measures and actions have been directed for the majority of the items of article 6 

mostly at a national horizontal level, which also affects the areas in concern. Specific measures 

within the specially protected areas have been taken only for Alonissos Northern Sporades 

National Marine Park that has a draft management plan accompanying its designation act. For 

the area of Amvrakikos Gulf, the outlines of a Joint Ministerial Decision determining 

management practices (which however expired in 1994) and for the areas of Samaria National 

Park and Vai Aesthetic Forest, provisions of the Specific Environmental Studies under 

elaboration are taken into consideration at the environmental impact assessment procedure. In 

the area of Amvrakikos Gulf, fisheries are regulated by a number of decrees already existing 

since 1953. 

The Alonissos Northern Sporades National Marine Park is divided in a core and a peripheral 

area. Specific provisions regulate fisheries, passage of ships (special permission from the 

Management Body is demanded for entrance in the core area), visitor disembarking and passing 

of the night. Highest speed limit for ships passing at a distance of less than half nautical mile 

from the coastline of the core area is 10 nautical miles / hour. Passage of tankers holding 

cargoes over 500 tn as wells as ships carrying toxic or radioactive cargoes is prohibited. 

Protection at horizontal level has as follows: 

The acceptance from Greece of the amendments of the Barcelona Convention in 10/3/03, the 

signature of the new emergency protocol (25/1/02) and the acceptance of the amendments of 

the Land-based sources protocol (10/3/03) strengthened application of the other Protocols to the 

Convention. 

Dumping or discharge of wastes is subject to legislation acts already valid since 1977, 1982 and 

1998. For the implementation of the above, permanent circulars were issued from the Ministry of 

Merchant Marine in 1988 (for the MARPOL Convention), 1998, 1999 and 2003 with instructions 

for the management of wastes in the ships. Further on, with the JMD 3418/07/2002/30-5-02 the 

European Community Directive 2000/59/EC concerning the port installations for wastes, was 

transposed to the national legislation. 

A system for the monitoring and control of ship passage in the Aegean is planned under the third 

Community Support Framework. 

A national authorised committee established in 2002 regulates introduction of species for 

aquaculture. 

A complex of legislative acts regulates permissions for scientific research activities and taking of 

animals. Competent authority for the edition of the permissions for protected species is in 

general the Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food. Trading and taking of animals 

included in the Annexes of CITES is regulated according to the provisions of the respective 

convention. Hunting is prohibited for all avifauna species of annex 2 to the Protocol by Annual 

Hunting Regulations. Fishing and trading of specific species is regulated by national as well as 

by European community legislation


Annex III 

Page 181 

Environmental Impact Assessment of works and activities is subject to recent national legislation 

(L. 3010/02, JMD 15393/2332/02, JMD 11014/703/F104/03) transposing the respective 

European Community Legislation. Specifically for the areas of Sporades, Samaria, Lesvos, 

Skiathos, Sounion, Vai and Amvrakikos Gulf that are also designated in the European Ecological 

Network Natura 2000, the assessment of environmental impact and the issuing of environmental 

terms follows a specific procedure so that the protection of their important natural elements is 

further safeguarded. 


(article 7); 

Within the period in concern, National Marine Park of Alonissos Northern Sporades got a renewal of its 

designation and its legally adopted draft management plan and an Administrative Council of its Management 

Body. For another two areas (Amvrakikos wetlands and Samaria National Park) Management Bodies with 

their respective Administrative Councils were also established. These Councils, which are responsible for 

both the land and marine parts of the areas, are comprised by representatives of Central and Local Services 

as well as by representatives of local stakeholders, NGO’s and scientists with knowledge over the site. The 

Administrative Councils are given various powers and responsibilities, including the compilation of 

management plans and operating regulations, monitoring and assessment of the application of the 

regulations, assistance in control over human activities, delivery of opinions concerning preliminary planning 

authorisation and adoption of environmental conditions for projects and activities, implementation of 

technical or other projects. Implementation of a monitoring project for species and habitat types is planned 

for the three areas under the support of the 3 rd European Community Support Framework. Activities and 

projects are regulated as regards their environmental impact according to the national legislation. For seven 

of the submitted specially protected areas which have been included in the Natura 2000 European 

Ecological Network, legislation provides for the stricter examination of the possible impact of planned 

activities on their environment. 


The majority of Greek vertebrates species that are listed in Annex 2 and 3 to the Protocol are also included 

in the Annexes of European Directives 92/43/EC and 79/409/EC and are considered protected at national 

level (LMD 414985/85, 33318/3028/98). Plants listed in Annex 2 to the Protocol are found in habitat types of 

Annex I to the Directive 92/43/EC, present in Greece, which are also considered protected. A number of the 

species of both annexes to the Protocol were protected already since 1981 with the P.D. 67/81. 

Permissions for scientific research activities and taking of animals are regulated by a complex of legislative 

acts. Competent authority for the edition of the permissions for protected species is in general the Ministry of 

Agricultural Development and Food. Trading and taking of animals included in the Annexes of CITES is 

regulated according to the provisions of the respective convention and its ratification (L. 2637/98) and the 

respective EC Regulations. Hunting is prohibited for all avifauna species of annex 2 to the protocol by 

Annual Hunting Regulations. Fishing and exploitation of a number of species is regulated with a number of 

legislative documents (Presidential Decrees, Laws, Ministerial Decisions) issued in between 1980 and 1996. 

As regards fishing in particular, according to EU regulations trawlers are not allowed to fish on Posidonia 

prairies and the use of driftnets is prohibited. The establishment of aquaculture units is subject to 

environmental impact assessment. 


(article 13); 

Since 2002 a Committee has been established for the regulation of the introduction of non-indigenous 

species for aquaculture, by a Joint Ministerial Decision from the Ministers of Agriculture and the Environment 

(147703/4-7-02). However, no measures have been taken so far for the evaluation and eradication of 

possible harmful species already introduced. 

As regards the genetically modified species, the International and the European Community legislative 

framework of the Biosafety Protocol are followed. 


No exemptions have been granted during the period under review 

XI. Technical application of the protocol 

59. List the specially protected areas established under the terms of article 5.


Annex III 

Page 182 

Specially Protected Areas Designation 

1 Aesthetic Forest of Nikopolis – Mytikas * 

2 Aesthetic Forest of Pefkias – Xylokastron * 

3 National Marine Park of Northern Sporades * 

4 Samaria National Park * 

5 Petrified Forest of Sigri in lesvos * 

6 Aesthetic Forest of Skiathos Island * 

7 Sounio National Park * 

8 Aesthetic Forest of Vai * 

9 Wetlands of Amvrakikos Gulf * 

* = Already established at the beginning of the reporting period 


61. No proposal was made to include areas on the SPAMI list within the period in concern. 


No site has been included in the SPAMI list within the period in concern. 


There has been no modification to the legal status of protected species in the national legislation. However, 

at European level, the status of two species was modified in the Annexes of Directive 92/43/EC. More 

particularly, Chelonia mydas that was in Annex IV was added also to annex II and Gibbula nivosa was 

added to both Annexes II and IV. 


13.2). 

The list of non-indigenous marine species that was submitted in 2002 for the meeting of experts for 

elaboration of the action plan for introduced and invasive species in the Mediterranean sea remains 

basically unchanged. Many of the reported non indigenous species are potentially harmful (e.g. Caulerpa 

racemosa at depths up to 100m modifies the benthic associations and causes anoxic conditions in the 

bottom, fact that has unpredictable impacts on the fisheries) but there has not been a concrete study on the 

possible impacts of the non indigenous species. 

As regards the genetically modified organisms, all imported or cultivated species have been licensed 

according to the above mentioned framework (question no 11). There has been no evidence till now that the 

licensed organisms can be harmful 

Inventories of the components of biological diversity (article 15). 


ecosystems; 





An inventory of sites with ecological importance was firstly created in 1995, in preparation for the European 

Ecological Network NATURA 2000 and has a strong marine and coastal component. Specific data of this 

inventory for the flora and fauna of the sites that were finally proposed to the Network were updated in the 

coming years. Mapping of habitat types (as defined in the Directive 92/43 and in a more detailed approach) 

in areas of interest for the conservation of nature was completed in 2001. During the period in concern there 

was no overall updating of the above mentioned inventories. Most of the requested information on marine 

and coastal sites, habitats and species, included in the SDF of the Protocol is included in the database of 

sites included in the Natura 2000 ecological network. It is not foreseen that a separate inventory and 

database would be created in the near future. 


No exemptions have been granted within the period in concern. 

66. Action plan for the implementation of the cetaceans in the Mediterranean sea Action plan for the 

conservation of cetaceans in the Mediterranean sea


Annex III 

Page 183 

Data from strandings have continued to be gathered in a database. The Ministry of Merchant Marine cooperates 

with the competent bodies for the rescuing of the wounded cetaceans through the 24-hour working 

Centre for the Coordination of Research and Rescuing. Port police cooperates tightly with the competent 

authorities for the necessary actions. Sites holding an importance for these species have been included in 

the NATURA 2000 European ecological network. A focal point for the ACCOBAMS agreement was 

appointed. Population monitoring, rescuing and sheltering as well as medical research, tissue bank and 

veterinarian’s training on cetaceans was carried out by organizations (Tethys, ARION, Pelagos) and the 

Veterinary School of the University of Thessaloniki 


The implementation of the National Programme for the Protection of the Mediterranean Monk Seal 

(Archipelagos and Mom, 1996) has been continued and reinforced. Activities include actions directed to 

reduce adult mortality, establishment of a network of marine reserves, research – data collection, rescue 

and rehabilitation and information – public awareness programmes. 

The operation of the National Marine Park of Alonissos- Northern Sporades has continued to contribute 

successfully to the conservation of the largest population of the species with a high rate of births. Specific 

management actions have been implemented in the southern Aegean Region (protected area of Karpathos- 

Saria, Kimolos - Polyaigos) in the framework of a Life-Nature project conducted by MOm. All sites holding an 

importance for the species have been included in the NATURA 2000 ecological network of the European 

Communities. 


Greece is also a host of important nesting habitats of Caretta caretta and foraging habitats for both Caretta 

caretta and Chelonia mydas, while Dermochelys coriacea has been certified to be a regular, albeit rare, 

visitor of greek waters . The implementation of conservation actions has continued and expanded, the focal 

areas being the island of Zakynthos (Bay of Laganas), Peloponnesus (Bay of Kyparissia and Lakonikos Bay) 

and Crete (Rethymno, Chania and the Bay of Messara). Activities include protection and management of 

critical habitats, scientific research and monitoring, rehabilitation of injured individuals and re-introduction to 

the natural environment, as well as information – education of the public and training. A LIFE-Nature project 

undertaken by the NGO ARCHELON contributed significantly to the reduction of losses of individuals of the 

species as the result of their incidental capture in fishing gear. All sites holding an importance for the species 

have been included in the NATURA 2000 ecological network of the European Community, while a Marine 

Park has been established on the island of Zakynthos for the protection of the most important nesting habitat 

for Caretta caretta in the Mediterranean Sea. The Fishermen’s Handbook was transanslated and adapted in 

Greek and was circulated by MEDASSET with the collaboration of the competent Ministries 


The implementation of this Action Plan has been limited, however activities with regard to monitoring and 

conservation have been implemented and specific importance has been attached to it in the procedure of 

evaluating impact assessments in the coastal zone. Additionally to the already existing mapping of 

marine/coastal habitat types in a number of sites, a case study on sea grass meadows in the National 

Marine Park of Zakynthos was conducted with the support of RAC/SPA.The most important and 

representative locations for marine vegetation have been included in the NATURA 2000 ecological network 

of the European Communities. 


All bird species of Annex II of the specially protected areas and biodiversity protocol are strictly protected at 

national level since 1985 (JMD 414985/85) and their hunting is prohibited by Annual Hunting Regulations. 

The avifauna of Greek wetlands is monitored since 1982 during the annual mid-winter countings that are 

being carried out by the Hellenic Ornithological Society under the supervision of the Ministry of Agricultural 

Development and Food. Through the European Community financial instrument Life-Nature, conservation 

actions have been carried out or are under way for Pelecanus crispus and Phalacrocorax pygmeus in Lake 

Mikri Prespa, Numenius tenuirostris in Evros Delta, Falco eleonorae and Phalacrocorax aristotelis in Tilos 

island. Another Life-Nature project aims specifically for drafting a National Action Plan and implement 

conservation actions for Falco eleonorae in nine sites hosting the largest part of the Greek population. 

Action plan for the conservation of cartilaginous fish (chondrichthyans) in the Mediterranean sea 

No specific actions have been carried out for the implementation of the action plan for the conservation of 

cartilaginous fish, mostly due to heavy load of other commitments of the competent Services. Though there 

is no interest in shark fishing, the EC Regulation 1185/03 for the removal of sharks fins on board is 

followed”.


Annex III 

Page 184 


No specific actions have been carried out for the implementation of the action plan concerning the 

introduction of species and invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea, except the establishment in 2002 of 

a Committee for the regulation of the introduction of non-indigenous species for aquaculture. Lack of 

coordinated action is attributed mainly to heavy load of other commitments of the competent Services. 


No information available 

XII. Brief description of all problems or constraints encountered in the application of the Protocol 

Main axes for the conservation and protection of the natural environment and its marine and coastal 

component in Greece are mainly harmonized with the obligations of the European Community legislation. 

The European Community Directives 79/409 and 92/43 cover many of the provisions of the Protocol, at least 

partly. This ensures the implementation of a number of actions required by the Protocol. However, it has the 

drawback that for a country like Greece, being a member of the European Community, the application of the 

requirements of the EC Directives is of first priority. The application of some remaining provisions of the 

Protocol which provide for more in detail knowledge and protection of the coastal and marine environment 

remain of next priority due to heavy load of commitments and to restricted budgets.



Annex III 

Page 185 



XIII. General information 

1. Country Lebanon 

2. Period covered by the report : July 2003- March 2005 

This is the period going from the last report up to March 2005. 


Indicate the title and address of the national organisation that drew up the present report including the 

names and titles of the persons responsible for actually drafting the report 

Ministry o Environment 

Lazarieh Bldg P.O.Box: 11-2727 

Beirut-Lebanon 

Tel: +961-11976555 

Fax: +961-1-976530 

Lina Yamout 

Chief of Service, Protection of Urban Environment/ SPA Focal Point 


Beirut-Lebanon 

Tel: +961-11976555 ext: 443 

Fax: +961-1-976530 

E-mail: l.yamout@moe.gov.lb 

4. -National body and other organisations and/or institutions that provided data for the establishment of the 

report. 

List the names and addresses of the bodies others than those mentioned above under point 3 that 

contributed to the present report by providing information and data. 

Marie Abboud- Abi Saab, Ph.D. 

Marine Biologist 

National Center for Marine Sciences 

P.O.Box: 534 

Batroun Lebanon 

Tel: 961-6-741582/3 

Fax:961-6-741584 

E-mail: mabisaab@cnrs.edu.lb 

Ghassan Jaradi, Ph.D 

Ornithologist 

National Council for Scientific Research 

P.O.Box: 11-8281, Beirut-Lebanon 

Tel: 961-3-689840 

Fax: 961-1-822639 

E-mail: r-jaradi@cyberia.net.lb 

Manal Nader, Ph.D 

Fisheries and Wildlife Manager 

University of Balamand 

P.O. Box: 100 Tripoli-Lebanon 

Tel: 961-6-930250 

10 

This new format is in conformity with the reporting system set up within the framework of the Barcelona Convention and adopted by the 

Contracting Parties during their 13 th meeting (Catania, November 2003) 

- The information requested should be presented synthetically and the report should not exceed 6 pages (approximately 3000 

words) 

- The reports should be drafted in English or in French and be sent in electronic form to car-asp@rac-spa.org.tn by the deadline 

of 1 st March 2005.


Annex III 

Page 186 

Fax: 961-6-930278 

E-mail: manal.nader@balamand.edu.lb 

Gaby Khalaf, Ph.D. 

National Center for Marine Sciences 

P.O.Box: 534 

Batroun Lebanon 

Tel: 961-6-741582/3 

Fax:961-6-741584 

XIV. Legal and/or administrative measures taken under the terms of the Protocol 11 


value, and to protect, preserve and manage endangered or threatened species of marine and coastal fauna 

and flora (article 3); 

Indicate what legislation has been promulgated or what administrative measures have been taken during the 

period under review to protect, preserve and manage marine and coastal areas considered of particular 

natural or cultural value and to protect, preserve and manage threatened or endangered marine and coastal 

species. 

The Code of Environment issued by Law No: 444/2002 making the environmental impact assessment 

mandatory for any development project and applying polluter pays principle. The code also includes 

guidelines for sustainable coastal zone management and conservation of biological diversity 

Within the framework of Strategic Environmental Assessment project executed by the Ministry of 

Environment and financed by the EU Third-life Countries, a draft decree for SEA has been prepared (based 

on the Code of Environment) in line with international initiatives of SEA Protocol and EC directives with the 

objective of mainstreaming environmental considerations in sectoral policies, plans and programmes. 

Consequently any land use planning for coastal areas has to comply with SEA guidelines. Another initiative 

has been under taken by the Lebanese parliament to draft legislation for the coastal areas management. 

A draft Management plan for a coastal nature reserve: Tyre Coast has been prepared during 2004 within the 

framework of the Regional MedWet Coast project executed by the Ministry of Environment aiming at 

developing national policies and capacities for the conservation of endemic and endangered species of flora 

and fauna of the nature reserve and their habitats. 

Legal and administrative documents are in the process to be prepared to designate the marine turtle nesting 

beach of Al- Abasieh , South of Lebanon on the Land –use Master Plans, based on a research report 

submitted in January 2005 on sea turtle nesting survey for South Lebanon. 

Cooperation between the Lebanese Ministry of Environment and the Syrian Ministry of Environment started 

at the beginning of year 2005 to designate a trans-boundary coastal protected area (Cheikh Zinad) 


Indicate what legal and/or administrative measures have been adopted and/or implemented during the 

period under review to establish marine and coastal specially protected areas. 

Within the framework of the Coastal Areas Management Programme (CAMP)-Lebanon Project, The 

thematic activity for "Marine Conservation Areas" is being implemented, awaiting for the elaboration of the 

technical, administrative and legal documents for the declaration of Naqoura Beach and Damour River Basin 

as specially protected areas at national and Mediterranean levels. 





Annex III 

Page 187 

Indicate what legal and/or administrative measures have been taken during the period under review to apply 

the provisions of article 6 of the protocol within the specially protected areas, and in particular the measures 

concerning : 

a) Strengthening the application of the other Protocols to the Convention and of other relevant treaties to 

which they are Parties (article 6 a); 

The "MEDPOLCoastal Litter Pilot-Project in Lebanon-protection of Palm Islands" supported by UNEP/MAP 

is being implemented by the Union of Northern Association for Development, Environment and Patrimony 

under the supervision of the Ministry of Environment, the MEDPOL National Coordinator. 

The project aims at addressing marine environmental, economic and social concerns, specifically improving 

the solid waste management of the Northern Coast of Lebanon (Tripoli) near the Specially Protected Area: 

Palm Islands Nature Reserve . 

The Palm Islands Reserve is a Ramsar site and an Important bird area. The president of the reserve’s 

committee is an ornithologist and technical focal point for EAWA agreement. Hence the application of these 

relevant treaties is highly considered. 

b) Prohibiting the dumping or discharge of wastes liable to harm the protected areas (article 6 b) ; 

Dumping of wastes in the Palm Islands SPA and within a boundary of 500 meters is prohibited by Law. In 

addition, the committee of Palm Islands Reserve had convinced the municipality of Tripoli to construct a 

barrier between its dump and the sea so that the waves and the sea currents will not bring garbage to the 

reserve. This was done recently in response to one of the reserve’s policies which gives priority to promoting 

elimination of all dumps that discharge their garbage or toxic compounds into the sea from land-based 

sources. 

In the framework of MEDPOL Coastal Litter Pilot Project Project 

(CLIPP)-Protection of Palm Islands, measures of legal, institutional 

and technical natures would be proposed to be adopted for the 

improvement of status of coastal solid waste management in the 

CLIPP area 


Sailing of ships is regulated by the Ministry of Transportation. All ships follow a way that is at least three 

kilometers away from Palm Islands. This is partly due to the shallow water nature around the reserve. The 

lighthouse of Ramkine island (one of the three islands of the reserve) and other floating light signals in the 

sea help keeping ships on their traced way. 


Species of plants and animals which are not native to the islands are 

prohibited to be introduced to the reserve according to the 

management plan of the reserve 


All activities within the specially protected areas are in accordance of 

the management plan approved by the Ministry of Environment, and 

all developmental proposals are assessed and evaluated before 

approval. 


Scientific research activities are promoted and facilitated through a 

research permit, with conditions, based on a research agenda. The 

management of the SPA maintains permanent collections of all 

research results. Also there are specified zones for research on the reserve, representing the different types 

of available habitats. 


as the trade in animals or parts of animals, of plants or parts of plants coming from the protected areas. 

The Law of protected area (Palm Islands) prohibits all activities 

having negative effects on the biodiversity in the protected area. 

Consequently, all species of fauna and flora within protected areas 

are fully protected according to the management plan and all activities such as fishing, hunting, egging, 

plant picking, domestic and commercial trading or use of plant and animals are prohibited. 


(article 7); 

Indicate and briefly describe what legal and/or administrative measures have been taken during the period 

under review to plan, manage and control the specially protected areas.


Annex III 

Page 188 

Palm Islands is a specially Protected Area proclaimed a nature reserve by Law No:121 dated 12/3/1992 and 

is currently managed through a management plan prepared with the assistance of GEF Protected Areas 

project executed by the Ministry of Environment. All species within the nature reserve are considered 

protected. Visitation is prohibited during the nesting and laying seasons of marine turtles to the beaches 

used for nesting. During breeding season of birds, visitation is only allowed upon permits and for education 

or research purposes. 

A study on biodiversity assessment and monitoring in Palm Islands nature and Tyre Coast Nature Reserve 

was conducted in 2004 with the aim of assessing the biodiversity of selected species, status, habitats, 

threats, management options and monitoring priorities within the site 



the measures under article 11 of the Protocol, in particular measures aimed at regulating or prohibiting : 

a)the taking, possession,, killing, trade, transport and exhibition for commercial purposes of protected 

species of fauna, their eggs, parts and products, b) the disturbance of wild fauna during critical biological 

periods and c) the destruction or disturbance of species of protected flora. 

Decision 279/1 dated 19/11/98,MOA: Banning of fishing of marine turtles, their consumption and sale of 

products derived from them. 

Decision 125/1 dated 23/9/99. MoA: Protecting Wales, Monk seals, Marine turtles and banning their fishing 

Decision 281/1 dated 19/1/98, MoA: Banning of Sponges 

In coastal and marine protected areas all species of flora and fauna are protected. During critical biological 

periods visitation is not allowed. 


(article 13); 

Indicate what legal and/or administrative measures have been taken during the period under review to 

regulate the voluntary or accidental introduction into nature of non-indigenous or genetically modified 

species and prohibit those that could have adverse effects on the ecosystems, habitats or species in the 

area to which this protocol applies. Also indicate what legal and/or administrative measures have been taken 

during the period under review to ensure the eradication of harmful species already introduced. 

22 invasive plant species has been identified along the Lebanese coast however no measures have been 

taken due to lack of information regarding their status and degree of invasiveness. (Biodiversity National 

Report 2002) 

One of the objectives in the management plans of the protected areas relates to the development of a 

program for the removal of identified introduced species. In Palm Islands Nature Reserve the introduced 

rabbit species are subject to an eradication program which is running slowly so that non target species are 

not affected. 


Indicate what exemptions to the prohibitions prescribed in the annexes have been granted during the period 

under review. 

No exemptions have been granted 

XV. Technical application of the protocol 


Provide a list of the specially protected areas established under article 5 of the Protocol at the end of the 

period under review. In this list, indicate with the appropriate annotations, which areas had already been 

established at the beginning of the period, and which were established during the actual period under 

review. 

No Specially protected areas have been established during the review period 

76. Proposals made to include the areas subject to national jurisdiction on the SPAMI list (Article 9a)




Annex III 

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Provide a list of areas subject to national jurisdiction proposed for inclusion on the SPAMI list during the 

period under review, with the date on which each of the proposals was submitted. 

No sites have been proposed 



(article 23a) 


Provide an updated list indicating the status and situation of the areas subject to national jurisdiction 

included on the SPAMI list during the period under review, and briefly describe any modifications made to 

the delimitation or the legal status of the SPAMIs indicating if they were established before or during the 

period under review. 

No areas have been proposed during the review period 


Indicate if any changes have been made to the legal status of protected species during the period under 

review. If there have been, describe them briefly. 

No changes have been made 


13.2). 

Provide information on the presence of new non-indigenous or genetically modified species liable to be 

harmful. 

A research study conducted at the American University of Beirut determined 22 invasive plant species on 

the Lebanese coast. However, the scope of this study only covered the presence of these species and not 

on their status and degree of invasiveness. 

Observations of marine algae in the Lebanese sea by some scientists have 

recorded the presence of the following algaeal species: 

Green algae (originating from the indopacific ocean) 

Caulerpa racemosa, 

Caulerpa mexicana 

Caulerpa scalpelliformis 

Red Algae (originating from the indopacific ocean) 

Asparagopsis taxiformis 

Brown Algae (invasive) 

Stypopodium schimperi 

Marine Phanerogame (originating from the indopacific ocean ) 

Halophila stipulacea 



ecosystems; 

A coastal survey in the form of rapid assessment of all beaches of the Lebanese coast was assessed in late 

June/beginning of July 2004, one group of animals(marine turtles) and one group of habitats(sand dunes) 

were selected to describe the overall status of the beaches 

Date of establishment or updating of the inventory of endangered or threatened species of flora and/or 

fauna ;


Annex III 

Page 190 

Following the survey organized by the Ministry of Environment, with the support of the regional Activity 

Center for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA) and the Mediterranean Association to save the Sea Turtles 

that was carried out during the period of 23 rd July to 6 th August 2001, to assess marine turtle nesting along 

the Lebanese coast, another survey on sea turtle nesting activity was carried out in South Lebanon 

specifically in Tyre Coast Nature Reserve, Abassieh beach and Al-Mansourieh beach between 27 th June to 

7 Th August, 2004 in collaboration between the MedWet Coast project executed by the Ministry of 

Environment and the Mediterranean Association to Save the Sea Turtles (MEDASSET) supported by the 

Marine Conservation Society(MCS) Turtle Conservation Fund (UK). 

A coastal survey of beaches of Lebanon for assessment of marine turtle nesting was carried out by a 

consultant: Max Casparek in late June/beginning of July 2004 for the Management Support Consultancy 

Project (MSC) executed by the Ministry of Environment. The report also updates and builds on the first 

survey carried out in 2001 by RAC/SPA and MEDASSET 

A survey of flora and fauna in three selected sites: Damour, Sarafand and Naqoura has been conducted 

within the framework of the implementation of the Coastal Areas Management Programme (CAMP)- 

Lebanon Project, The thematic activity for "Marine Conservation Areas 

b) Attach the inventory/s unless they have already been submitted in a special report. 

c) Inventory using the standard data format (SDF) 

No activity using SDF has been undertaken 

Provide information on the date of establishment or updating of the inventories mentioned in paragraphs a) 

to c) above, during the period under review. Attach copies of the inventories in question (if the occurred 

during the period under review). 


Provide a list of exemptions to protection measures granted under the terms of articles 12, 18 and 23 c 

during the period under review. In each case, indicate briefly the reasons for the exemption. 

No exemptions has been granted 



-Dolphin species are legally protected 

- No action due to the relatively low importance of Lebanon for cetaceans. Activities are limited to gathering 

information on Cetaceans caught by fishermen. Activities are carried out by the National Center of Marine 

Sciences. 


No specific action plan is needed since Monk Seals may occur occasionally in the Lebanese terrestrial 

waters 


-A coastal survey of the Lebanese beaches for assessment of marine turtle nesting activity was carried out 

in late June/beginning of July 2004 by Max Kasparek for the Management Support Consultancy Project 

executed by the Ministry of Environment 

The MedWet Coast Project executed by the Ministry of Environment collaborated with the Mediterranean 

Association to Save the Sea Turtles (MEDASSET) supported by the Marine Conservation Society(MCS) in 

2004 in several activities: 

1-A survey on sea turtle nesting activity was carried out in South Lebanon, specifically in Tyre Coast Nature 

Reserve, between 27 th June to 7 Th August, 2004. 

2-Training of trainers for sea turtle monitoring, conservation and handling in Tyre Cost Nature Reserve 

attended by protected areas staff and volunteers, 

3-Community Awareness Campaigns and activities on the conservation of marine turtles for several target 

groups in Tyre Coast Nature reserve, 

4-Awareness workshop at the Ministry of Environment targeting all different stakeholders to promote the 

conservation the marine turtles, their habitats and their sustainable use. Recognizing the role of awareness


Annex III 

Page 191 

to achieve conservation of globally endangered species of marine turtles, a National Environmental NGO 

prepared T.V documentary on" Marine Turtles, the Last Call". The documentary was awarded the first prize 

in the 4 th International Festival for the Environmental Movies that was held between the period of 4-14 

January, 2005 in Al-Kairawan, Tunis 


As part of the CAMP Lebanon- Project, the Thematic Activity for Marine Conservation Areas, surveys were 

undertaken of marine vegetation for 2 sites: Naqoura and Damour, as part of the biodiversity survey. 

Scientific reports were prepared which include data on the marine vegetation in these areas. 

In the framework of a joint scientific program between Syria and Lebanon, hydrological and planktonic 

samples have been carried out, from 5 cruises between May 2002 and August 2003 in 6 offshore stations 

selected to cover the coastal waters of Lebano-Syrian shoreline at the surface layer in order to compare the 

changes across the south-north axis and at different seasons in the two coastal waters. 

In the same framework, new project is being conducted on mapping of terraces and identification of flora 

and fauna associations in these formations along the Lebanese coast for a period of 2 years starting since 

March 2004. 

Monitoring of micro algae is being conducted continuously since 1999 in two sites in North Lebanon 

(Batroun Region) and at different levels 

Action plan for the conservation of bird species listed in Annex 2 of the Protocol. 

All bird species in marine and coastal protected areas are legally protected and are continuously monitored. 

Efforts are made on Palm Islands Nature Reserve to bring back the former breeder Larus audouini to the 

reserve through several activities aiming at reducing the competition between Audouin’s Gull and the 

dominant Yellow-legged Gul Larus cachinnans on the available breeding sites, The ongoing efforts resulted 

in the reappearance of the Audouin’s Gull after a long disappearance. 



No action due to the lack of resources. 

The University of Balamand launched in September 2004 a Marine Resources and Coastal Zone 

Management Programme under the Environmental studies with the aim of launching a multidisciplinary unit 

to implement and to contribute to national, regional and international efforts towards promoting management 

strategies of the coastal zone and the associated marine resources. 

One of the main objectives of the programme is the protection of marine and coastal species with specific 

emphasis on endangered ones. 

Under this programme a research project on : "The assessing of commercial fish species" is being 

implemented since January 2005 for the Northern Governate of Lebanon with a potential for expansion all 

over the Lebanese coast if funding is secured. 

Another project will be implemented focusing on listing all chondrichthyan fishes coat by fishermen and their 

quantities. Advice on the implementation of this activity is constantly solicited with IUCN 



No action has been taken. Awareness and knowledge of alien species is limited to the scientific community 

due to the lack of continuous studies. 

Despite the challenges facing the marine ecosystem in Lebanon, the National Marine Center has identified 

several alien species based on informal information such as a consensus about the natural invasion of 

marine species coming from the Suez Canal and from Gibraltar. However no formal measures has been 

taken to monitor the alien species. 

The only recent research study conducted at the American University of Beirut in 2002 determined 22 

invasive plant species on the Lebanese coast. However, the scope of this study only covered the presence 

of these species and not on their status and degree of invasiveness.


Annex III 

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As for avifauna, the introduction of foreign species to Lebanon was limited for a long time to cage birds. To 

the knowledge of experts there are no, at present, other alien species of significant number in Lebanon. 

Describe the developments that occurred during the period under review in the implementation of action 

plans (in case of no action, please indicate the reasons for lack of action) 


Briefly describe the implementation of other recommendations of the Contracting Parties relative to the 

Protocol. 

XVI. Brief description of all problems or constraints encountered in the application of the Protocol 

Briefly state any specific problems or constraints that impeded the application of measures taken under the 

provisions of the Protocol during the period under review. If applicable, specify what measures were taken to 

correct them. Put forward summarily any other pertinent remarks or observations of a general nature 

concerning the measures taken to ensure the application of the Protocol. 

There are several issues in Lebanon that are hindering the conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity 

and consequently the implementation of the protocol: 

Tourism developments are out competing efforts for conservation 

Need for policy enforcement 

Difficulty of law enforcement agencies to prevent pollution along the coast 

Insufficient support by the political body to protect the coastal zone 

Difficulty in securing specialists in marine sciences, more specifically taxonomists 

Difficulty in obtaining the necessary database for marine and coastal fauna and flora 

(not available) 

Difficulty in obtaining recent background data on invasive species and their impact (not 

available) 

Lack of recent detailed topographic and bathymetric maps for the Lebanese coast 

Non-availability of a research vessel for long term studies 

Non-availability of up to date field and laboratory research equipment 

Difficulty in obtaining funding for marine research 

Lack of awareness on the level of concerned public institutions 

Refer to SAP BIO National Report

THE NATIONAL REPORT 


Annex III 

Page 193 



XVII. General information 

1. Country: The Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 

2. Period covered by the report: June 2003- March 2005. 


The Environment General Authority, P.O.Box 83618 Tripoli-Libya. The report is prepared by Mr. 

Abdulmaula Hamza, Researcher, Nature conservation Dept of EGA) and approved by Mr. Ali R. Alkekli 

(Head, Nature conservation Dept of EGA and SPA NFP. 

4- National body and other organisations and/or institutions that provided data for the establishment of the 

report. 

Marine Biology Research Centre-Tajura, P.o.Box 80830 Tripoli-Libya. 

XVIII. Legal and/or administrative measures taken under the terms of the Protocol 13 




Eestablishment of Rural and Agricultural development authority, of its duties planning and 

protecting natural sites. 


EGA will launch soon a program of detailed study on marine and coastal sites to be declared as 

marine protected areas. 




in particular the measures concerning: 



- International workshop on cetacean conservation, with RACSPA, ACCOBAMS have 

been organised in Tajura (May, 2004). 

- A survey of wintering water birds have been conducted in collaboration AEWA-CMS 

and RACSPA (Jan.2005). 

- A workshop on satellite tagging of sea turtles with RACSPA, SZN (March, 2005). 


(article 6 b): The Law No. 15-2003/chapter 3 paragraphs 33, 34, 35 indicated that any 

wastes, wastewaters, poisonous, radioactive materials, gases, dynamites or any other 

industrial or nuclear wastes are banned from disposal, storage or release on the coasts 

of Great Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (GSLAJ). 

c) Regulating the passage of ships (article 6 c) ; Law No.15-2003/chapter 3 paragraph 21 

stated that " ship tankers, floating carriers and other marine units are prohibited to dump 

–in ports and territorial waters of GSLAJ– sands, stones, wastes, rubbish, fuel wastes 

or any other chemical materials". Paragraph 22 stated “it’s prohibited to dump oil or oil 

mixtures or cleaning tanks and heavy oil discharge or bottom waters in the ports or the 

territorial waters of GSLAJ. Paragraph 26 mentioned the necessity of reporting by tank 

captains of any oil spills or discharges in the waters of GSLAJ. 

d) Regulating the introduction of species (article 6 d); Chapter 10 on Biosafety, Article 58 

stated that “All seeds and genetically modified species are sources of risk on local 

12 

This new format is in conformity with the reporting system set up within the framework of the Barcelona Convention and adopted by the Contracting Parties 

during their 13 th meeting (Catania, November 2003) 

- The information requested should be presented synthetically and the report should not exceed 6 pages (approximately 3000 words) 

- The reports should be drafted in English or in French and be sent in electronic form to car-asp@rac-spa.org.tn by the deadline of 1 st March 2005. 



Annex III 

Page 194 

biodiversity and its resources". And Article 59 mentioned that it’s demanded a prior 

permission from EGA to import or introduce or sell any alien species or GM species and 

products. 

e) Regulating activities (article 6 e), 6 h) ; n/a. 

f) Regulating scientific research activities (article 6 f); Chapter 6, articles 2 and 18 gave to 

EGA the duty of the application of scientific research results on national level, and 

conducting environmental studies and research activities in GSLAJ to promote 

conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Chapter 9 Article 57 on wildlife 

conservation and hunting mentioned that "hunting of species for scientific research 

purposes is allowed under certain criteria". 



protected areas. Chapter 3 Article 18 stated that “fishing with dynamites, poisoning 

chemicals or nay other harmful means affecting marine life and habitats are prohibited 

in the waters of GSPLAJ". The executive directive of this law will determine fishing 

regulations in coordiance with other national and international legislations. Chapter 56 

and 57 on wildlife conservation and hunting mentioned that hunting of species is illegal 

without a valid permission from relevant authorities. 

After joining CITES, EGA is planning to issue a special national legislation on trade and 

transportation of endangered species. 


(article 7); Chapter 9 Article 56 on wildlife conservation stated that “A protected areas should be 

established to conserve species form the risk of extinction and to be used as a reproduction 

areas for wild animals". 

EGA also have some contacts with exest PA's for drafting and implementing management plans for 

inclusion of some PA's as a SPAMI. 


See paragraph 8 of this report. 

XIX. 


See paragraph 8 (d) of this report. 


NA 

Technical application of the protocol 


Site Nature Present situation 

Farwa Lagoon Coastal lagoon Under review 

Ain 

Lagoon 

Azzayana Coastal lagoon with freshwater spring Under review 

Ain AlGazalah Coastal lagoon with freshwater spring Under review 

Lagoon 

Bumba bay Coastal lagoon Under review 

Awadi Lahmar Nesting beach for loggerheads Under review 

Al-Ghbeba Nesting beach for loggerheads Under review 

Wadi Kaam Important freshwater biodiversity site Under review 


None, but EGA is preparing some files for a candidate sites to be included in SPAMI during the 

next biennium. 

93. SPAMI list : n/a 


Eestablishment of Rural and Agricultural development authority, of its duties planning and 

protecting natural sites. EGA still have the technical role in setting up management plans and 

providing consultations to PA’s. 


13.2).


Annex III 

Page 195 

20 species of invasive fish species have been reported. A national study will start July 2005 aims 

to identify affected habitats and quantifying the effect of these species on marine and coastal 

ecosystems (MBRC bulletin). 


a) January 2005 (Water birds census) 

b) January 2005 updating of Farwa lagoon SDF data (under final amendments) 

c) A rport is under preparationion. 

d) SDF have been used in all EGA biological diversity inventories 2004-2005. 

97. Exemptions granted to protection measures articles 12, 18, and 23 c). 

Non 


Action plan for the conservation of cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea: EGA and MBRC 

in collaboration with ACCOBAMS and RACSPA have organized an international scientific 

seminar on cetacean conservation. 

Action plan for the management of the monk seal in the Mediterranean: The second 

phase of monk seal study at the eastern coasts of the country will start next July, in 

collaboration with RACSPA and ICRAM. 

Action plan for the conservation of sea turtles in the Mediterranean: On the 4 th of March 

2005, EGA in cooperation with RACSPA and Stazione zoologica of Naples has released 

a loggerhead sea turtle with a satellite transmitter, in the framework of scientific research 

concerning tracking. The event organised after one day workshop on sea turtle 

conservation and tracking aimed to raise both fishermen and scientific community 

information and awareness about the issue of turtle conservation techniques in the 

Mediterranean. 

One of the outcomes of that seminar, EGA and MBRC have agreed to launch a national 

program of education and public awareness on turtle conservation, the program will be 

organised by a joint team and will include workshops, meetings with fishermen and other 

local stakeholders in marine environment, as well as using the experience of some NGO’s 

and Libyan scouts in conduction of that activities. 

Action plan for the conservation of marine vegetation: EGA have submitted a proposal for 

the centre to include marine vegetation surveys and mapping of two sites: Farwa and Ain 

Azzayana. This work will be conducted in cooperation with RACSPA consultant. 

Action plan for the conservation of bird species listed in Annex 2 of the Protocol: During 

January 2005 EGA have organised a wintering bird survey census on the whole coastal 

area of the country, the survey concentrated also on habitats and possible presence of 

the slender-billed curlew. Preliminary results indicated the presence of very good habitats 

for slender-billed curlew although no birds of this species encountered during the survey. 

Some 30,000 birds has been counted, of them some species were not known to winter in 

Libya before. SDF has been used to describe the whole surveyed sites. Final report is 

under final touches and would be ready in June 2005. 


Mediterranean Sea: EGA and MBRC have launched a national project to identify the 

cartilaginous fish species along the coast, in addition to collect data on ecology, biology, 

threats, critical habitats, stocks to develop a national management program for 

sustainable use and conservation. 


Mediterranean Sea: MBRC have a program of activities for identifying marine invasive 

fish and plant species coming form the adjacent seas of the Mediterranean. So far 20 fish 

species has been reported most of them came from the red sea. The ecological 

characteristics of the Libyan waters might encourage those invasive species to settle and 

reproduce, the issue made EGA and MBRC quite concerned about the consequences of 

such phenomenon. 

In addition to the above actions EGA with WWF MedPo have organized a field 

study of marine and coastal biodiversity of the eastern coast (Cyerenica), the final report 

of this study results will be announced this summer.


Annex III 

Page 196 

XX. Brief description of all problems or constraints encountered in the application of the Protocol 

The main problems lie in need to strengthening the national authorities’ coordination to implement the 

various articles of the protocol. EGA is doing a huge effort to maintain an accepted level of coordination 

between the different stakeholders on the national level.

MALTA NATIONAL REPORT 


Annex III 

Page 197 


MEDITERRANEAN 

XXI. General information 

1. Country MALTA 

2. Period covered by the report. May 2003 to March 2005. 


Nature Protection Unit 

Environment Protection Directorate 

Malta Environment & Planning Authority 

St. Francis Ravelin, 

Floriana 

Malta 

4. National body and other organisations and/or institutions that provided data for the establishment of 

the report. 

5. Assistance received from UNEP/MAP towards the compilation of the present report. 

RAC/SPA have been instrumental in providing Malta with various useful contacts around the Mediterranean and 

in allowing Malta to implement some of its obligations in the nature protection field. It has provided professional, 

technical and financial assistance on a number of project or commitments, including assistance in connection 

with the SAP-BIO Project and associated action plans, in the setting up of Marine Protected Areas in Malta by 

producing a technical report and financing and/or administering two projects, namely the CAMP Project on 

Rdum Majjiesa/Ras ir-Raheb (in collaboration with PAP/RAC), and the EU SMAP MedMPA Project for the 

setting up of a management plan for the first marine protected area in Malta. RAC/SPA also provided 

sponsorship to a number of important workshops and training stages on nature protection and helped us in the 

implementation of a turtle tagging programme. Indeed, we are at the moment discussing the possibility of 

working on a guidebook in Maltese on the handling of turtles and addressed to for fishermen. 

XXII. Legal and/or administrative measures taken under the terms of the Protocol 14 

99. To protect, preserve and manage marine and coastal areas with a particular natural or cultural value, 

and to protect, preserve and manage endangered or threatened species of marine and coastal fauna 

and flora (article 3); 

During the period under review, the following legal measures were adopted: 

- Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats Protection Regulations [Legal Notice 257 of 2003] 

These regulations, published on the 26th September 2003, transpose and update national law in 

relation to the European Union nature acquis and relevant international treaties, contributing to the conservation 

of natural habitats, flora and fauna by affording legal protection to endemic and threatened flora and fauna, and 

by designating Special Areas of Conservation (SAC). 

- Marine Mammals Protection Regulations [Legal Notice 203 of 2003] 

These regulations, published on the 12 th August 2003, repeal and repeal the 1992 ‘Marine Mammals 

Protection Regulations’ [Legal Notice 77 of 1992). By virtue of these regulations, legal protection is afforded to 

nineteen species of cetaceans and one pinnipede, the Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus) by 

prohibiting/regulating a number of activities. 

- Water Policy Framework Regulations [Legal Notice 194 of 2004] 

These regulations, published on the 23 rd April 2004, establish a framework for the protection of inland 

surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and groundwater by preventing their degradation, as well as 

enhancing and restoring them to good water chemical and ecological status. 

- Trade in Species of Fauna and Flora Regulations [Legal Notice 236 of 2004] 

These regulations, published on the 30 th April 2004, repeal and replace the 1992 ‘Trade in Species of 

Fauna and Flora Regulations’ [LN 19/92 as amended]. These enable the enforcement of CITES (the 

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) on a national scale, as well 

as for relevant EU regulations on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein. 

14 In the case of legal measures, hyperlinks are provided, so as to enable the downloading from internet of the relevant enacted law. Most information is available on the Malta 

Environment and Planning Authority web-site, namely www.mepa.org.mt.


Annex III 

Page 198 

Moreover, amendments of a number of other regulations, and the scheduling 15 of protected areas 

have continued, of which the most relevant include the following: 

- Protection of Birds and Wild Rabbit Amendment Regulations [LN 41/03] 



- Ta’ l-Imsaqfa (l/o Siggiewi) Emergency Conservation Order [GN 125/04] 

- Contained Use of Genetically Modified Micro-organisms Amendment Regulations [LN 168/04] 

- Rubble Walls and Rural Structures Conservation and Maintenance Amendment Regulations [LN 169/04] 

A list of relevant legislation and Malta’s status in connection with international treaties are included in 

Annexes I and II of this report, respectively. 

Management agreements for the management of a number of Special Areas of Conservation have 

been concluded or are in final phases with respect to L-Ghadira (l/o Mellieha) [designated as a Protocol SPA], 

Is-Simar (l/o San Pawl il-Bahar) and Ghajn Tuffieha (l/o Mgarr), and work on management of Dwejra (l/o San 

Lawrenz, Gozo) and Wied Ghollieqa (l/o San Gwann) has proceeded with the collaboration of NGOs. 

Management of the islands of Filfla, Fungus Rock and St Paul’s Islands, all designated as Protocol SPAs, has 

continued in accordance with the legislation declaring these sites as Nature Reserves 16 , and is essentially 

based on issuing of permits for scientific studies and monitoring. 

100. To establish marine and coastal specially protected areas (article 5): 

Malta has designated 23 sites as Special Areas of Conservation under the Flora, Fauna and Natural 

Habitats Protection (Declaration of SACs) Regulations [GN 877/03] and proceeded with the Habitat Inventorying 

Process, partly financed through the Council of Europe, which process comprised the development of species 

and habitat data sheets for every site, as well as the identification of threats. These sites were proposed as 

potential Sites of Community Interest (pSCIs) in connection with the EU Natura 2000 Network and as Areas of 

Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) in connection with the Council of Europe’s Emerald Network. 

Furthermore, the marine protected area has been proposed in the North-West Coast of Malta from Rdum 

Majjiesa to Ras ir-Raheb area, and a management plan is being compiled for the area, with assistance from the 

EU SMAP Programme and RAC/SPA. 

MEPA is involved in a number of projects aimed at the establishment of protected areas during the 

period covered by this report, and has participated to the EC SMAP MedMPA project coordinated by RAC/SPA 

and is participating to the EC ERDF Project on the Filfla candidate marine protected area, the EC LIFE Third 

Project on the Dwejra Special Area of Conservation, the EC Interreg IIIC MedPAN Project on a network of 

marine protected areas, the EC Interreg IIIC Parks Network Project on a network of terrestrial protected areas, 

and the EC Transitional Funds Natura 2000 Twinning Project with Austria and Italy and coastal and marine 

Special Areas of Conservation. 

101. To provide protection (article 6): 

a) Strengthening the application of the other Protocols to the Convention and of other relevant treaties 

to which they are Parties (article 6 a): 

The main competent authority for nature treaties is the Malta Environment and Planning Authority itself, 

rendering co-ordination matters relatively straightforward. With respect to the other Protocols of the Convention, 

MEPA shares some of its competence with the Police, the Malta Maritime Authority (MMA) and the Malta 

Resources Authority (MRA), on which there is close collaboration. A memorandum of understanding with MRA 

is also in its final stages, in view of the competence enlisted in the national Water Policy Framework 

Regulations. 

Management plans for protected areas have to take into account relevant environment legislation, including 

national and international law. 


(article 6 b): 

Dumping of waste is regulated through the Deposit of Waste and Rubble (Fees) Regulations [LN 128/97 as 

amended], the Waste Management Permit and Control Regulations [LN 337/01] and the Urban Waste Water 

Treatment Regulations [LN 340/01]. 

c) Regulating the passage of ships (article 6 c): 

15 Article 46 (1) of the Development Planning Act [Cap. 356] requires MEPA to prepare, and from time to time review, “a list of areas, buildings, structures and remains of geological, 

palaeontological, cultural, archaeological, architectural, historical, antiquarian, or artistic or landscape importance, as well as areas of natural beauty, ecological or scientific value [referred to as 

''scheduled property''] …which are to be scheduled for conservation and may in respect of all or any one or more of the scheduled property make conservation orders to regulate their conservation”. 

16 The legislation protecting these sites are the Filfla Nature Reserve Act [Cap. 323], the Fungus Rock (il-Gebla tal-General) Nature Reserve Regulations [LN 22/92] and the Selmunett 

Islands (St. Paul Islands) Nature Reserve Regulations [LN 25/93], the latter two issued through the vires of the Environment Protection Act [Cap. 435].


Annex III 

Page 199 

A protected area where maritime activities are controlled is Filfla where no fishing, diving or underwater activities 

are allowed except for sport diving with permission issued from the Malta Maritime Authority. No new legislation 

has been enacted to regulate the passage of ships in the period covered by this report. 

d) Regulating the introduction of species (article 6 d): 

Regulation 22 (1) of the Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats Protection Regulations empowers the Competent 

Authority to prohibit the importation of any species of flora and fauna which in its opinion may potentially 

endanger local biodiversity, whilst Regulation 23 of the same regulations requires that prior to reintroduction of 

native species, a study shall be commissioned by the Competent Authority to assess whether such action would 

contribute to the conservation status of the species concerned. Regulation 27 of the same regulations calls for 

the promotion of ex-situ conservation measures as well as the establishment of facilities for carrying out activities 

of research, rehabilitation and recovery of threatened and endangered species for eventual reintroduction into 

their original natural habitats. 

With respect to GMOs, the Deliberate Release into the Environment of Genetically Modified Organisms 

Regulations [LN 170/02] establishes rules on the control, management and regulation of the introduction of 

genetically modified organisms into the environment. 

e) Regulating activities (article 6 e), 6 h) : 

Various activities are regulated through the Environment Protection Act and the Development Planning Act and 

their subsidiary legislation, as well as through the Sand Preservation Act [Cap. 127], the Fertile Soil Preservation 

Act [Cap. 236], the Filfla Nature Reserve Act, the Fisheries Conservation and Management Act [Cap. 425], the 

Malta Resources Authority Act [Cap. 423] and the Code of Police Laws [Cap. 10]. Moreover, Regulation 4 (1) of 

the Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats Protection Regulations requires “natural habitat types and the species’ 

habitats concerned to be maintained or, where appropriate, restored at a favourable conservation status in their 

natural range”. According to Regulations 8 and 13 of the same regulations, appropriate steps are to be taken to 

avoid the deterioration of the habitats of the species and also its disturbance in such areas, and thus to carry out 

appropriate assessment for projects which may have significant effect on these. Environment impact 

assessments are also required for various activities, as specified by the Environment Impact Assessment 

Regulations [LN 204/01]. 

f) Regulating scientific research activities (article 6 f): 

Part IX of the Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats Protection Regulations states that MEPA is to promote and 

encourage national and international research. Since most of the research activities carried out involve protected 

species and/or habitats, Part X of the same Legal Notice includes provisions for the regulation of such scientific 

research activities, indicating the necessity of a permit in order to carry out such activities. This section also 

indicates that a report is to be forwarded to the Competent Authority in relation to the research that would have 

been carried out. 

A number of studies have been carried out, the results of which are publicised through an annual national 

seminar carried out by the Department of Biology of the University of Malta (DOB/UOM) with financial support 

from MEPA, the proceedings of which are jointly published by the DOB/UOM and MEPA. Two such books have 

been published, in November 2003 and December 2004 in the period covered by this report. Results are also 

available as dissertations or as papers in scientific peer-reviewed journals. 

g) Regulating fishing, hunting, the taking of animals, and the harvesting of plants as well as the trade 

in animals or parts of animals, of plants or parts of plants coming from the protected areas. 

The taking/handling/possession of protected species is regulated by a permitting system under the provisions of 

a number of subsidiary legislation of the Environment Protection Act. Part X of the Flora, Fauna and Natural 

Habitats Protection Regulations sets out a permitting system, where applications are evaluated on a case-bycase 

basis. Fishing and hunting activities are regulated by licences, which are issued by Fisheries Conservation 

and Control Division and the Commissioner of Police respectively; the main legal provisions for these are set by 

the Fisheries Conservation and Management Act and the Protection of Birds and Wild Rabbit Regulations as 

amended. The Trade in Species of Fauna and Flora Regulations also regulate trade; refer to reply to question 6 

for additional information. 


(article 7); 

The current Structure Plan for the Maltese Islands, drawn up in 1990, provides strategic guidance on land-use in 

the Maltese Islands. It contains 320 policies on settlements, the built environment, housing, social and 

community facilities, commerce and industry, agriculture, minerals, tourism and recreation, transport, urban and 

rural conservation, ecology and public utilities. More recently, Part III and Part VIII of the Flora, Fauna and 

Natural Habitats Protection Regulations deal with the management and monitoring of protected areas 

respectively. Refer to reply to question 6 for additional information. 


Various subsidiary legislation of the Environment Protection Act protected species at varying degrees and 

regulate activities on such protected species. The latest set of regulations is provided by the Flora, Fauna and


Annex III 

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Natural Habitats Protection Regulations, issued in the period covered by this report. Part IV of such regulations 

sets out the regulating system for protected species declared under the same regulations, as well as for the 

incidental capture and killing of animal species listed in Schedule V and the control of exploited species to render 

it is compatible with their being maintained at a favourable conservation status. 


(article 13); 

Refer to reply to question 8(d). Regulations 22 and 26 of the Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats Protection 

Regulations state that MEPA is to take all necessary measures to prevent, control, monitor and/or eradicate the 

introduction of organisms belonging to alien species with the potential to establish populations into the 

environment or which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species, and requires MEPA to develop eradication or 

control plans to address alien species. In order to prioritise such work, MEPA has commissioned two studies to 

provide a detailed list of alien flora and fauna in the Maltese Islands, to identify the alien species of the Maltese 

islands, their invasiveness and extent, the threats they pose on local biodiversity, their present exploitation and 

other uses, and suggest ways how to control or eradicate and the implications resulting from such measures, 

provided they are feasible. 

With respect to the introduction of GMOs into the environment, three main regulations are in place, namely the 

Contained Use of Genetically Modified Micro-Organisms Regulations [LN 169/02 as amended], the Deliberate 

Release into the Environment of Genetically Modified Organisms Regulations [LN 170/02] and the Biosafety 

Coordinating Committee Regulations [LN 290/02]. 


The following exemptions have been granted during the period under review: 

Species Annex Purpose Permit holders 

Aphanius fasciatus II Scientific Research 2 

Charonia tritonis II Scientific Research 1 

Marine Mammals II Scientific Research; Treatment of Stranded Individuals 1 

Turtles II Scientific Research; Treatment of Stranded Individuals 2 

XXIII. Technical application of the protocol 


Refer to the reply to question 18. 

107. Proposals made to include the areas subject to national jurisdiction on the SPAMI list (Article 9 a) 

Malta has four sites designated as specially protected areas (SPAs) under the previous protocol, 

namely the Fungus Rock Nature Reserve, L-Ghadira, the St. Paul’s Islands Nature Reserve and the 

Filfla Nature Reserve. No areas have been proposed for inclusion on the SPAMI list during the period under 

review, but the aforementioned SPAs are receiving the necessary attention for submission on the SPAMI List. 

108. SPAMI list : Status and state of the areas under national jurisdiction included on the SPAMI list 

(article 23a); Any modification in the delimitation or the legal status of the SPAMI (article 23 b). 

N/A. 


No changes have been made to the legal status of already protected species during the period under review. 


13.2). 

Data is still being compiled (refer to reply to question 11), however rather than new harmful species, some taxa 

are known to have increased considerably in the period under review, particularly the invasion of Caulerpa 

racemosa, which was since 1997 has spread throughout the Maltese Islands due to its prolific growth 17 . 

According to Vella (2001) 18 ,this green macroalga “is still expanding to occupy the whole of the accessible local 

biotopes between 0 and 60m depth”. 



17 Mifsud, C.R., Stevens, D.T., & Baldacchino, A.E. (2003): Strategic Action Plan for the Conservation of the Maltese Coastal and Marine Biodiversity. 

18 Vella, K. (2001) A study of the recently introduced chlorophyte Caulerpa racemosa along the south coasts of Malta. Unpublished Bachelor of Science (BSc) Dissertation. Department 

of Biology, University of Malta.


Annex III 

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A complete list of all the protected sites across the Maltese Islands has been compiled through the CDDA 

(Common Database on Designated Areas), which is updated on an annual basis. (The list and maps can be 

found at http://cdr.eionet.eu.int/mt/eea/cdda1). 

As stated in the reply to question 7 (q.v.), Malta has designated 23 sites as Special Areas of 

Conservation via the Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats Protection (Declaration of SACs) Regulations [GN 

877/03] and filled in the relevant Standard Data Entry Forms for each site submitted to European Union and the 

Council of Europe in connection with the Natura 2000 and Emerald Networks respectively. Although not 

currently available on internet at the moment of writing, these should be available in due course. 

Moreover, the baseline survey of the extent and character of Posidonia oceanica meadows in the territorial 

waters of the Maltese Islands has been finalized in December 2003; mapping of Posidonia oceanica and other 

marine habitats can be viewed on the internet-based GIS-facility (known as Map Server) available on the MEPA 

web-site. At least 3 other projects are currently being considered in connection with ecologically important 

marine areas, and these will lead to further collation of essential information. 

b) Date of establishment or updating of the inventory of endangered or threatened species of flora 

and/or fauna; 

Information on endangered or threatened species of flora and/or fauna is being collated by means of the 

following commissioned studies: 

− Threatened Bats and Important Bat Sites – awarded, finalised March 2004; pending publication. 

− Threatened and/or Endemic Invertebrates, excluding Insects – recently awarded; 

− Threatened and/or Endemic Insects – awarded, to be finalised by end 2005; 

− Threatened and/or Endemic Fish – recently awarded; 

− Threatened and/or Endemic Vertebrates excluding Fish, Birds, Cetaceans and Bats – recently 

awarded. 

The data is to be submitted in the form of data sheets that will be fed into the National Database on Biodiversity 

when the latter is set up. As per Regulation 32 of the Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats Protection Regulations, 

these inventories shall be, as far as practically possible, digitised and made freely available to the public, 

probably through the Clearing-House Mechanism, subject to the provisions of the Freedom of Access to 

Information on the Environment Regulations (LN 217/01). 

Additional information is provided through environment impact assessments [reply to questions 8(e), q.v.], 

reports submitted in connection with authorised scientific studies [reply to questions 8(f), 8(g), 10 and 12], and 

the reported strandings or beachings of cetaceans and/or turtles [reply to question 20]. 



Refer to the reply to questions 18 (a) and (b). 


Refer to the reply to question 12. 



All Mediterranean cetaceans are protected via the aforementioned Marine Mammals Protection Regulations, 

Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats Protection Regulations and Trade in Species of Fauna and Flora 

Regulations. The Fisheries Conservation and Management Act and various Environment Protection Act 

subsidiary legislation also provide direct and indirect protection. 

With respect to cetacean strandings, a 24-hour mobile telephone system operated by MEPA exists to report 

such organisms beached or sighted at sea. The Armed Forces of Malta, the Malta Maritime Authority or the 

Administrative Law Enforcement Section of the Police also collaborate through the provision of sea-craft, when 

required. This network also involves veterinarians, biologists as well as local NGOs and volunteers. In this 

respect, a protocol for cetacean stranding has been adopted since 1999, which protocol is in the process of 

reviewing and updating. Through the provisions of the protocol, autopsies are carried out on dead cetaceans in 

collaboration with stakeholders and veterinary services in order to investigate the cause of the death. Efforts are 

being made in order to increase the practice of collecting samples on which tests may be carried out in order to 

gather data both on the contaminants load and population structures. In this respect, NGOs or individuals who 

handle or possess dead cetaceans submit a yearly report to MEPA with information on their research work as 

prescribed in the conditions of the permit. In this respect, also refer to the reply to questions 8(f), 8(g), 10, 12 and 

18 (b). 

With respect to awareness, MEPA continued publishing its posters on cetaceans and also participated in the 

IFAW/ACCOBAMS survey targeted to collect scientific information on sperm whales, but through which other 

data has been collected. Such survey was also conducted near Maltese waters, and when the vessel employed


Annex III 

Page 202 

for this survey was in Maltese waters, a general public awareness campaign was carried out through the 

national media. 


The monk seal is now occasional in Maltese waters, and is not known to breed on the Maltese Islands. 

Nevertheless, it is strictly protected through the Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats Protection Regulations and 

the Marine Mammals Protection Regulations. 


Five species of marine turtles have been confirmed from the Maltese territorial waters, all of which are protected 

via the Reptiles Protection Regulations [LN 76/92], and/or the already cited Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats 

Protection Regulations and Trade in Species of Fauna and Flora Regulations. The Fisheries Conservation and 

Management Act also provides for turtle protection, as does, indirectly, various Environment Protection Act 

subsidiary legislation dealing with pollution, run-off and waste management. 

With respect to sea turtle conservation, work on action plans has also been carried out, mostly in connection 

with the SAP-BIO project, through financial and other support from RAC/SPA. Moreover, a 24-hour mobile 

telephone system operated by MEPA exists to report sick, injured or dead or stranded turtles (and cetaceans) 

beached or sighted at sea. The Armed Forces of Malta, the Malta Maritime Authority or the Administrative Law 

Enforcement Section of the Police also collaborate through the provision of sea-craft, when required. This 

network also involves from veterinarians, biologists as well as local NGOs and volunteers. 

The Reptiles Protection Regulations, administered by MEPA, also provides for accidentally captured turtles, and 

states that all turtles caught by fishermen during their normal fishing activities and/or landed at the fish market 

must be immediately given to the Director responsible for Fisheries, and in such cases the fishermen are to be 

compensated for any loss of tackle fixed form time to time by the Director responsible for Fisheries. Such turtles, 

as well as stranded sick or injured turtles, or turtles in need of assistance reported to the stranding network, are 

transferred to the Malta Centre for Fisheries Science where dedicated personnel provides care for injured 

turtles. These are treated, sometimes through surgery, and rehabilitated, for eventual release. Prior to release 

turtles are tagged via the RAC/SPA tagging system. Such release are widely publicised and the media is also 

involved, with the aim of raising public awareness. In the case of dead turtles, post-mortem analysis is generally 

carried out to identify the possible cause(s) of death. As far as other data collection on marine turtles, please 

refer to the reply to question 18 (b). 

Furthermore, through the help of RAC/SPA, a booklet in Maltese for local fishermen with guidelines on the 

appropriate handling of marine turtles is planned for publication later in 2005. 


Legal protection has been afforded to various marine habitat types and species through the Flora, Fauna and 

Natural Habitats Protection Regulations. With respect to inventorying and mapping, a considerable amount of 

data is being gathered through various sources, included commissioned studies and environment impact 

assessments. Refer to the reply to question 18 for additional information. Other surveys are planned, subject to 

financial resources. 

Work on action plans has also been carried out, mostly in connection with the SAP-BIO project, through financial 

and other support from RAC/SPA. With respect to management plans for protected areas, these are underway 

for a number of areas, with considerable effort being made in connection with the Rdum il-Majjiesa/Ras ir-Raheb 

area, and other projects – refer to the reply to questions 6 and 7. 


All Annex II bird species are legally protected by the Protection of Birds and Wild Rabbit Regulations [LN 

146/93], which was amended during the period under review as indicated in the reply to question 6. The taking 

or shooting of such birds, their eggs or their nest is prohibited. However, a number of such listed species are 

either recorded as vagrant (these include Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Pelecanus onocrotalus, and Sterna 

albifrons) or absent (these include Phalacrocorax pygmaeus, Pelecanus crispus and Sterna benghalensis) from 

the Maltese Islands. All other birds are recorded as very rare, rare or scarce, except for Calonectris diomedea, 

Hydrobates pelagicus and Puffinus yelkouan which regularly breed in Malta. 

All sites which constitute important breeding areas or important staging areas for Annex 2 bird species have 

been identified, and are protected as Bird Sanctuaries via the same regulations, as amended by Protection of 

Birds and Wild Rabbit Amendment Regulations [LN 41/03]. Important sites include: 

− The islet of Filfla, the whole island of Comino and its satellite islets, and the coastal cliffs at Rdum 

tal-Madonna and Ta’ Cenc are important breeding sites for Calonectris diomedea, Hydrobates pelagicus 

and Puffinus yelkouan.


Annex III 

Page 203 

− The wetlands at L-Ghadira and Is-Simar, as well as the woodland at Buskett constitute potentially 

staging grounds for water birds and raptors respectively. MEPA funds and supervises the management of 

the protected areas of L-Ghadira and Is-Simar, which are also open to the public. The management plans 

for L-Ghadira and Is-Simar have been revised in 2004. NGOs maintains the interpretation centres present 

at L-Ghadira and Is-Simar and guides bird-watching activities all year round. 

Most of these sites have also been proposed in December 2004 as Special Areas of Conservation and Special 

Protection Areas in terms of the EU Directives 92/43/EEC and 79/409/EEC respectively. L-Ghadira and Is-Simar 

are also declared as Ramsar Sites with respect to the Ramsar Convention. Filfla and L-Ghadira are both 

enlisted as Protocol SPAs. 

Research relating to bird species is ongoing in the Maltese Islands. Specific research relating to the 

conservation of Calonectris diomedea, Hydrobates pelagicus and Puffinus yelkouan is carried out on a regular 

basis mostly by local ornithologists under the supervision of MEPA. Additional research is indirectly carried out 

as part of environment impact assessments (subject to provisions of the Environment Impact Assessment 

Regulations) and appropriate assessments (subject to provisions of the Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats 

Protection Regulations) in relation to development projects and other activities potentially harming such birds 

and their breeding stations. 

In the period covered by this report, MEPA continued the reprinting and distribution of educational posters on 

protected birds, but also published new educational material on Special Areas of Conservation and the 

Protection of Birds and Wild Rabbit Regulations. 

Action plan for the conservation of cartilaginous fish (chondrichthyans) in the Mediterranean 

sea 

Various cartilaginous fish species are covered through relevant provisions of the aforecited Flora, Fauna and 

Natural Habitats Protection Regulations, as well as other relevant obligations of the EU acquis and international 

treaties. 

Work on action plans has also been carried out, mostly in connection with the SAP-BIO project, through financial 

and other support from RAC/SPA. With respect to research, an extensive scientific study has been carried out 

by the University of Malta, with the results published in 2003 19 . Moreover, additional information is being 

collected through the commissioned studies specified in the reply to question 18. On public awareness, a local 

NGO, Nature Trust Malta, has produced a small booklet and a poster on local shark species. 

Action plan concerning the introduction of species and invasive species in the Mediterranean 

sea 

Although the Action plan concerning the introduction of species and invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea 

has not yet been adopted certain actions called for by this plan are actually being or shall be undertaken 

nationally as indicated herewith: 

National legislation for controlling the introduction of non-native species has been enacted through primary 

legislation (Environment Protection Act) and secondary legislation (various regulations).The objective of 

‘collecting reliable and pertinent scientific data that can be used for decision-making where necessary’ shall be 

achieved at a national level once the two commissioned studies on setting up a list on alien flora and fauna are 

completed. Data procured from these tenders shall implement the requirement for inventorying the nonindigenous 

species reported in the national territory and also for determining which alien species require 

measures of eradication or control, and will further aid in the formulation of the national plan as required by the 

Action plan concerning the introduction of species and invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea. 

Through bilateral cooperation with the UK, through the UK/Malta Action Plan co-funded project, a traineeship on 

issues related to invasive alien species was carried out in 2004, hosted by the Environment and Heritage 

Service (EHS) within the Department of Environment in Northern Ireland. The purpose of the traineeship was to 

gather and share knowledge on how principles to manage IAS are actually put into practice in the field in 

another country. Various issues were raised and discussed during the training including vectors and pathways, 

impacts of IAS, risk assessments and research, legislation addressing IAS, increasing public awareness as well 

as management efforts illustrated with specific case studies. Implementation of other recommendations 

pertinent to the Contracting Parties 

During the 13 th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties held in November 2003, the Contracting Parties 

agreed on a number of recommendations relevant to nature protection. A summary on implementation of 

relevant recommendations by Malta follows. In this respect, it should be noted that the information provided in 

this section is complimentary to the rest of the report, and only relevant issues not tackled in the previous 

questions are included. 

19 Schembri, T.; Fergusson I.K. & Schembri P.J. (2003): Revision of the Records of Shark and Ray Species from the 

Maltese Islands [Chordata: Chondrichtyes]. Central Mediterranean Naturalist, 4 (1): 71-104.


Annex III 

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Recommendation II.B: Biodiversity & SPAs 

- Planning & Management: Malta has joined ACCOBAMS, and became a party since the 13 th February 2001. 

- Training: New staff mentioned in the reply to question 6 was trained on relevant nature protection matters, and 

this also included a series of traineeships on marine protected areas (Marseilles/France, England/UK), on 

terrestrial protected areas (England/UK), genetically-modified organisms (2 visits to England/UK) and issues 

related to invasive alien species (Ireland/UK). A twinning programme was set up in conjunction with English 

Nature, UK on the following topics: Management of marine protected areas; Biodiversity Monitoring and 

Surveillance; Enforcement; National Biodiversity Strategy; Biodiversity Action Plans; Protected Species and 

the Habitats Directive; Control of Non-Native Species; and Re-introduction of Native Species. 

- Public Awareness: Making information accessible to the general public in order to increase public awareness 

is intrinsic in various operations of MEPA and is mandatory in the case of any regulations and policy linked to 

the Environment Protection Act. The recently enacted Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats Protection 

Regulations also have various provisions in this respect, e.g. Part III on Protected Areas and Part IX on 

Communications and Research. In view of this, and the need for increased awareness on environment 

protection, MEPA regularly participates to media programmes, issues press releases and publishes 

information to the general public by means of its website. The latter acts as the formal clearing-house 

mechanism, and is being revised to bring it in line with the provisions set by the European Environment 

Agency and the Convention on Biological Diversity. A number of publications are produced, and recently a 

series of CDs is being developed. A Seminar was help on Biodiversity Day in order to increase public 

awareness with respect to the environment and biodiversity and publicise the Flora, Fauna and Natural 

Habitats Protection Regulations. An MoU with RAC/SPA has also been signed in order to translate the 

fisherman’s guide into the Maltese language, so that it can subsequently be adapted to the national 

circumstances. 

Recommendation II.C: Sustainable Management of Coastal Zones 

A Coastal Zone Topic Paper has been prepared as part of the Structure Plan Review Process, setting out a 

policy framework for the new structure plan. Moreover, work on CAMP (funded by PAP/RAC and RAC/SPA) 

has already been carried out locally, and part of this project has continued through the EU SMAP MedMPA 

project, led by RAC/SPA. A number of coastal areas are also under management (refer to the reply to question 

6). 

Recommendation II.D: Integrating Environment and Development 

Malta has been providing the National Statistical Office with wildlife data on a biennial basis, making use of the 

joint OECD/Eurostat Questionnaire on the State of the Environment, which is intended to promote an overview 

of the state of threatened species of animals and plants. Staff from the Nature Protection Unit of MEPA also 

attended a training seminar, which took place in Malta in October 2004, which focused on Mediterranean 

biodiversity. , which also focussed on the adoption of standardized systems for data processing and biodiversity 

assessment in the Mediterranean region. 

XXIV. Brief description of all problems or constraints encountered in the application of the Protocol 

Increased collaboration and synergy with European (e.g. Bern Convention, Florence Convention) and UN 

(e.g. Rio Conventions, Ramsar Convention, CMS, CITES, WHC) treaties is required, particularly in setting up 

common standards, and in the fields of reporting obligations, the clearing-house mechanism (with the 

Mediterranean CHM, the EC CHM, and the CBD CHM) and biodiversity sustainability indicators. This is even 

more relevant with respect to the interaction of policies concerning nature conservation and management and 

their interaction with issues related to fisheries, aquaculture and maritime activities at the Mediterranean level. 

Activities presently being undertaken are in line with the financial resources available. The availability of more 

financial resources will be an asset to further increase and expand on such activities, especially with regards 

to the marine environment. 

Increased co-operation and coordination between countries on common issues related to invasive alien 

species, as well as some action plans on related issues such as the impact on biodiversity of ballast water 

discharge and hull-cleaning procedures may also help. 

ANNEX I 

MAIN NATURE PROTECTION MALTESE LEGISLATION 

Note: All texts are available on internet, mostly on the Malta Environment and Planning Authority web-site, available at www.mepa.org.mt. All legal 

instruments cited below are hyperlinked for easier access. 

Main Relevant Acts: 

Environment Protection Act [Cap. 435]

Development Planning Act [Cap. 356] 

Filfla Nature Reserve Act [Cap. 323] 

Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (Cap. 425) 

Malta Resources Authority Act [Cap. 423] 

Malta Maritime Authority Act [Cap.352] 

Fertile Soil Preservation Act [Cap. 236] 

Sand Preservation Act [Cap. 127] 

Code of Police Laws [Cap. 10] 

Criminal Code [Cap. 9] 

Main Relevant Regulations: 

Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats Protection Regulations [LN 257/03] 

Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats Protection (Declaration of SACs) Regulations [GN 877/03] 

Trade in Species of Fauna and Flora Regulations [LN 236/04] 

Ta’ l-Imsaqfa (l/o Siggiewi) Emergency Conservation Order [GN 125/04] 

Protection of Birds and Wild Rabbit Amendment Regulations [LN 222/03] 

Marine Mammals Protection Regulations [LN 203/03] 



Capture and Killing Methods Prohibition Regulations [LN 167/02] 

Trees and Woodlands Protection Regulations [LN 12/01] 

Flora and Fauna Protection Amendment Regulations [LN 161/99] 

Protection of Birds and Wild Rabbit Regulations [LN 146/93] 

Flora and Fauna Protection Regulations [LN 49/93] 

Reptiles Protection Regulations [LN 76/92] 

Selmunett Islands (St. Paul Islands) Nature Reserve Regulations [LN 25/93] 

Fungus Rock (il-Gebla tal-General) Nature Reserve Regulations [LN 22/92] 

Other Regulations: 

Water Policy Framework Regulations [LN 194/04] 

Rubble Walls and Rural Structures Conservation and Maintenance Amendment Regulations [LN 169/04] 

Contained Use of Genetically Modified Micro-Organisms Amendment Regulations [LN 168/04] 

Biosafety Coordinating Committee Regulations [LN 290/02] 

Contained Use of Genetically Modified Micro-Organisms Amendment Regulations [LN 194/02] 

Deliberate Release into the Environment of Genetically Modified Organisms Regulations [LN 170/02] 

Contained Use of Genetically Modified Micro-Organisms Regulations [LN 169/02] 

Convention on Biological Diversity Incorporation Regulations [LN 160/02] 

Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations [LN 340/01] 

Waste Management Permit and Control Regulations [LN 337/01] 

Importation of Skins of Certain Seal Pups and Derived Products Regulations [LN 335/01] 

Environment Impact Assessment Regulations [LN 204/01] 

Motor Vehicles (Offroading) Regulations [LN 196/97] 

Rubble Walls and Rural Structures Conservation and Maintenance Regulations [LN 160/97] 

Deposit of Waste and Rubble (Fees) Regulations [LN 128/97] 

Marine Vegetation Licence Regulations [LN 66/97] 

Antiquarian Trees Regulations [GN 269/33] 

Wild Thyme Protection Regulations [GN 85/32] 


Annex III 

Page 205 

ANNEX II 

NATURE PROTECTION TREATIES SIGNED, RATIFIED AND/OR ACCEDED BY MALTA 

A number of international treaties concerning nature protection exist. The present status of Malta in relation to the main international treaties concerned 

with nature protection and other conventions/treaties related to the protection of nature and natural resources is shown in the table below. 

The status of Malta is listed in chronological order by date of adhesion (ratification or accession) by Malta. Pollution and waste treaties are 

excluded from this list, unless directly relevant to nature protection. 

Treaty 

Entered 

in force 

Adhesion 

by Malta 

International Plant Protection Convention 

[IPPC] 

3 April 1952 13 May 1975 Accession 

Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution 

[Barcelona Convention] 

16 February 1976 

30 

1977 

December 

Ratification 

Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural 

Heritage[World Heritage Convention] 

17 December 1975 

14 

1978 

November 

Accession 

Protocol concerning MediterranSpecially Protected Areas[SPA Protocol] 23 March 1986 11 January 1988 Ratification 

The Convention on Wetlandof International Importance especially as Waterfowl 

Habitats[Ramsar Convention] 

1975 

Status 

19 August 1988 Accession 

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 

of Wild of Flora and Fauna [CITES] 

1 July 1975 17 April 1989 Accession 

Amended International Plant Protection Convention 

[FAO-Amended IPPC] 

4 April 1991 

16 

1990 

November 

Acceptance 

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea [UNCLOS] 16 November 1994 20 May 1993 Ratification 

Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats 

[Bern Convention] 

1 June 1982 

26 

1993 

November 

Accession 

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 

[UNFCCC] 

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries 

21 March 1994 17 March 1994 Ratification 

experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa 

[UNCCD] 

26 December 1996 30 January 1998 Ratification 

Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal 28 October 1999 Ratification


Annex III 

Page 206 

Region of the Mediterranean [Amended Barcelona Convention] 

Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in 

the Mediterranean[SPA & Biodiversity Protocol] 

United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity [CBD] 29 December 1993 

Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 

[Bonn Convention] 

12 December 1999 28 October 1999 Ratification 

3 November 1983 

Agreement on the Conservation of Bats in Europe [EuroBats] 16 January 1994 

Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, 

Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area 

[ACCOBAMS] 

Agreement on the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations 

Convention on the Law of the Sea relating to the Conservation and 

Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks 

1 June 2001 

11 December 2001 

12 December 

2000 

13 February 

2001 

13 February 

2001 

13 February 

2001 

11 November 

2001 

Ratification 

Accession 

Accession 

Ratification 

Accession 

European Landscape Convention [Florence Convention] Not in Force – Signed

RAPPORT NATIONAL 


Annex III 

Page 207 

SUR L’APPLICATION DU PROTOCOLE RELATIF AUX AIRES SPECIALEMENT PROTEGEES ET A LA DIVERSITE BIOLOGIQUE EN 

MEDITERRANEE 20 

XXV. Information Générale 

1. Maroc 

Inscrire le nom du pays à propos duquel le rapport est soumis. 


Indiquer la période couverte par le rapport (du précédent rapport à la date de remise de celui-ci). 

Dans le cas présent, approximativement d’avril, mai ou juin 2003 à mars 2005. 

Avril 2003 à Mars 2005 

3. Organisme national chargé de l’établissement du rapport. 

Indiquer la désignation et l’adresse de l’organisation nationale ayant établi le présent rapport y compris les 

noms et qualités des personnes effectivement chargées de ce travail. 

Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte Contre la Désertification 

Quartier Administratif Rabat – Chellah, 

Marraha Mustapha 

Service des Parcs et Réserves 



Enumérez les noms et adresses des organismes autres que ceux mentionnés au point 3 ci-dessus qui ont 

contribué au présent rapport en communiquant des informations et des données. 

XXVI. Mesures juridiques et/ou administratives prises aux termes du Protocole : 2 


culturelle particulière, et pour protéger, préserver et gérer les espèces de la faune et de la flore 

marines et côtières qui sont en danger ou menacées (article 3); 

Indiquer quelle législation a été promulguée ou quelles mesures administratives ont été mises en oeuvre au 

cours de la période considérée pour protéger, préserver et gérer les espaces marins et côtiers dont on 

estime qu’ils ont une valeur naturelle ou culturelle particulière, et pour protéger, préserver et gérer les 

espèces menacées ou en danger de la faune et de la flore marines et côtières. 

Les principales mesures prises aux termes du protocole s’articulent autour de l’élaboration des textes 

législatifs et réglementaires, du développement d’outils de planification et d’inventaire ainsi que le 

renforcement de la surveillance et contrôle de la biodiversité marine et côtière en méditerranée. Il s’agit 

entre autres du : 

Lancement à l’échelle national du processus du développement organisationnel au niveau des 

aires protégées. 

Réglementations annuelles portant ouverture, clôture et réglementation spéciale de la 

chasse d’une part, et réglementation de la pêche dans les eaux continentale d’autre part ; 

Organisation de plusieurs compagnes de prospections, durant la période considérée, des sites 

potentiels pouvant abriter le phoque et ce en collaboration avec des experts nationaux et 

internationaux. Ces actions s’intègrent dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du "plan d’action Phoque 

moine" ; 


Indiquer quelles mesures juridiques et/ou administratives ont été adoptées et/ou mises en 

oeuvre au cours de la période considérée pour créer des aires spécialement protégées marines 

et côtières. 

Les mesures prises pour la création des aires spécialement protégées ont consisté en : 

20 

- Ce nouveau format est conforme au système de rapport établi dans le cadre de la Convention de Barcelone et adopté par les Parties Contractantes lors de 

leur 13 ème réunion (Catane, novembre 2003) 

-L’information demandée devrait être présentée dans une forme synthétique, et le rapport ne devrait pas dépasser les 6 pages (3000 mots environ) 

-Les rapports sont à préparer en anglais ou en français et à envoyer sous format électronique à l’adresse car-asp@rac-spa.org.tn pour le 1 er mars 

2005 délai de rigueur. 

2. Dans le cas de mesures juridiques, il est demandé que soit remis, avec ce rapport ou lors de la réunion des Points Focaux Nationaux, une copie du texte entré 

en vigueur.


Annex III 

Page 208 

• Les inventaires de sites au niveau de la région méditerranéenne entrepris dans le cadre de 

l’étude nationale sur les aires protégées. Le nombre de sites identifiés s’élevé à 14 SIBEs .Il s’agit des 

SIBEs suivant : Parc national d’Al Hoceima, Cirque d’El Jebha, Côte de Ghomara, Embouchure de la 

Mouloya, Cap des trois fourches, Beni Snassen, Lagune de Nador et Jbel Gourougou, Sebkha Bou 

Areg, Perdicaris, Cap Spartel, Koudiat Taifour, Lagune de Smir et Jbel Moussa. Ces inventaires 

constituent un préalable pour la prise de mesures visant la création d’aires spécialement protégées. 

• L’élaboration d’un projet de loi sur les aires protégées qui institue une nouvelle procédure de 

création basée sur un classement des aires à protéger selon les catégories de l’UICN et l’obligation de 

requérir l’avis motivé sur la création du parc du Conseil National des Forets. Il définit également le 

mode de gestion de chacune de ces catégories ; 

L’achèvement de la procédure de création du parc national d’Al Hoceima (Aire Spécialement 

Protégée) qui a été concrétisée par décret du premier ministre publié au Bulletin officiel n° 5255 du 11 

octobre 2004 ; et La préparation du projet relatif à la création du Parc National de Jbel Moussa ; 

Lancement de la procédure de création du parc national de Moulouya et mise en place, dans un 

cadre partenarial avec ENDA Maghreb, d’actions de conservation de ce SIBE ; 

La poursuite de la préparation, dans le cadre de la coopération Maroco-Andalouse (Espagne) en 

matière de conservation des ressources forestières et du développement durable, du projet de création 

de la Réserve de Biosphère Intercontinentale de la Méditerranée amorcé en 2003 ; 

La signature en date du 17 octobre 2002 d’une Convention cadre de coopération et de partenariat 

pour la création et l’aménagement des aires protégées entre le Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts 

et à la Lutte Contre la Désertification et la région de Tanger – Tétouan, ainsi que la signature d’une 

convention spécifique pour l’aménagement du SIBE de Perdicaris entre la Direction Régionale des 

Eaux et Forêts, la Wilaya de Tanger –Tétouan, le Conseil Régional,Les Conseils Communaux 

concernés, L’Agence Urbaine de la Wilaya de Tanger et l’Inspection Régionale de l’Aménagement du 

Territoire et de l’Environnement. 


Indiquer quelles mesures juridiques et/ou administratives ont été prises au cours de la période 

considérée pour appliquer les dispositions de l’article 6 du protocole au sein des aires 

spécialement protégées, et en particulier les mesures concernant : 



Mise en place au niveau du Département Chargé de l’Environnement du CHM-Maroc Clearing 

House Mechanism ou Centre d’Echange d’Information qui représente une plate forme 

d’information et de communication marocaine sur la mise en œuvre de la Convention cadre sur la 

Diversité Biologique et celle des autres conventions. Il s’adresse à tous les acteurs oeuvrant dans 

le domaine de la biodiversité sur le plan national et international: les administrations, les 

universités, les chercheurs, les ONGs et les médias ainsi que les organisations internationales. 



La législation en vigueur interdit de jeter intentionnellement dans les eaux de la mer toute 

substance ou appât toxique susceptible de détériorer les écosystèmes marins. Elle interdit 

également aux propriétaires et exploitants d’usines établies sur le littoral de répandre ou laisser 

répandre dans la mer des éléments polluants. Tout projet d’installation de tels rejets d’eaux 

résiduelles doit faire l’objet d’une autorisation préalable du Département chargé des Pêches 

Maritimes. 

Par ailleurs, la loi n° 11-03 sur la protection et la mise en valeur de l’environnementa été 

promulguée par le dahir n° 1-03-59 du 10 rabii I 1424 (12 mai 2003). Il en est de meme pour 

la loi n° 12-03 du 12 Mai 2003 relative aux études d’impact sur l’environnement. Cette dernière 

stipule dans ses dispositions que tous les projets doivent être étudiés et approuvées par le Comité 

National des études d’impact sur l’environnement constitué pour cette fin. 


Les mesures administratives prises pour la réglementation des passages des navires consistent en 

le renforcement de la surveillance de la partie marine du parc national d’Al Hoceima en 

coordination étroite avec les forces de l’ordre locales et le Département des Pêches Maritimes. La 

dotation du parc par des moyens de communication et de mobilité s’intègrent sans ce cadre. 


Les mesures administratives prises interdisent toutes sortes d’introduction d’espèces non 

indigènes dans l’aire spécialement protégée (parc) et ce conformément aux recommandations du 

plan de gestion dudit parc. 

e) La réglementation d’activités (article 6 e), 6 h) ;


Annex III 

Page 209 

Les mesures administratives prise pour la réglementation des activités au sein du parc ont consisté 

en le renforcement du respect du plan de zonage du parc établi en 1993 qui prévoit une 

réglementation au niveau de chacune des zones identifiées : zone intégrale, zone de sanctuaire 

naturelle gérée et zone de gestion des ressources naturelles. 


Toute activité de recherche à l’intérieur du parc et SIBE identifiés est soumise au préalable à une 

autorisation (permis scientifique) délivrée par le Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte 

Contre la Désertification. 

g) La réglementation de la pêche, de la chasse, de la capture d’animaux et de la récolte 

de végétaux ainsi que du commerce d’animaux ou de parties d’animaux, de végétaux 

ou de parties de végétaux provenant d’aires protégées. 

Outre la législation en vigueur sur la chasse et la pêche, le Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts 

et à la Lutte Contre la Désertification a mis récemment dans le circuit un projet de loi sur la chasse 

qui représente une refonte de la législation en vigueur et son adaptation à sa stratégie de gestion 

durable des espèces de la faune cynégétique. Ce projet a été adopté par le conseil du 

gouvernement et poursuit le circuit en vigueur pour sa promulgation 

Par ailleurs, dans le cadre de la mise ne œuvre de la Convention sur le Commerce Internationale 

des Espèces de Faune et de Flore Sauvages menacées d’Extinction (CITES), le Haut 

Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte Contre la Désertification, organe de gestion de ladite 

Convention a élaboré un projet de loi sur le commerce de ces espèces, en vue de l’intégration des 

dispositions de cette convention dans la législation nationale. 


protégées (article 7); 

Indiquer et décrire brièvement quelles mesures juridiques et/ou administratives ont été prises au 

cours de la période considérée pour planifier, gérer et superviser les aires spécialement 

protégées. 

Les mesures prises ont consisté en : 

• l’élaboration dans le cadre du projet MedMPA relevant du CAR/ASP de Tunis du plan de 

gestion de la partie marine du parc national d’Al Hoceima qui a été examiné par l’ensemble des 

institutions et ONG intervenant au niveau du Parc lors de l’atelier tenu le 14 juillet 2004 à Al 

Hoceima. Ce plan précise le zonage et la réglementation à respecter au niveau de la partie marine 

du parc. 

La mise en place d’actions entreprises dans le cadre du projet GEF de gestion des aires protégées 

concernant les infrastructures de bases, construction et équipement des laboratoires, acquisition 

de zodiac, des véhicules et du matériel informatique ainsi que la formation du personnel, en vue 

du renforcement de la surveillance et contrôle au niveau parc national d’Al Hoceima. 

La mise en place, par le HCEFLCD, d’actions urgentes de conservation et de valorisation 

écotouristique des atouts écologiques, biologiques, paysagers et culturels au niveau du SIBE de 

Beni Snassen. Elles concernent l’aménagement des aires de récréation, l’aménagement de pistes, 

aménagement d’un enclos à Mouflon, construction d’un mirador, la régénération de la callitraie, la 

régénération et la conservation des écosystèmes à adenocarpus, la fourniture de ruchers et de 

plants d’olivier et d’amandiers pour des actions communautaires. 

Outre les mesures prises au niveau du parc national d’Al Hoceima et le SIBE de Beni Snessen, il y 

a lieu de citer les activités entreprises au niveau des autres aires protégées marines et côtières de 

la façade méditerranéenne bénéficiant d’une importance particulière. Il s’agit de : 

SIBE de Jbel Moussa : financé par la projet GEF, les actions programmées pour ce site concernent 

(i) des études de la biodiversité et études relatives aux aspects socio-économique en vue de 

l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre du plan d’aménagement et de gestion du SIBE (ii) construction de 

l’unité de gestion du SIBE (iii) achat de matériels de télécommunication et de matériels 

informatiques (vi) achat de panneaux de signalétique. Il importe de signaler que le processus est 

engagé, par le HCEFLCD, pour ériger ce SIBE en un parc national. 

SIBEs de Embouchure de la Mouloya, Cap des trois fourches, Beni Snassen, Lagune de Nador et 

Gourougou financés dans le cadre du Projet MEDWETCOAST de conservation des zones 

humides et des écosystèmes côtiers de la région méditerranéenne. Ce projet régional d’une durée 

de 5 ans, et d’un montant de 6 millions USD dont 3,5 millions USD sont financés par le FEM et 

FFEM. vise la mise en œuvre d’une politique méditerranéenne de protection de la biodiversité et la 

gestion durable de ces SIBEs. Les actions entreprises concernent des études de diagnostic des 

sites servant de base pour l’élaboration des plans d’aménagement et de gestion de ces milieux.


Annex III 

Page 210 

Des actions de renforcement des capacités du personnel chargé de la gestion de ces SIBEs ont 

été également entreprises. 



considérée pour appliquer les dispositions de l’article 11 du Protocole, en particulier les mesures 

visant à réglementer ou à interdire:a) la capture, détention, mise à mort, le commerce, le 

transport et l’exposition à des fins commerciales des espèces protégées de faune, de leurs 

oeufs, parties et produits, b) la perturbation de la faune sauvage pendant les périodes 

biologiques critiques et c) la destruction ou la perturbation d’espèces de flore protégées. 

Les actions entreprises en faveur de la conservation des espèces concernent : 

- Le parachèvement du projet " Inscription de nouveaux sites sur la liste Ramsar des Zones 

Humides d’Importance Internationale" financé par le WWF et ayant pour objectif la vérification des 

critères d’inscription dans la liste Ramsar d’une vingtaine de Zones Humides parmi lesquelles 

figure les SIBE de Moulouya et le Cap des Trois Fourches situés sur la façade méditerranéenne. 

- Le Monitoring de deux espèces d’oiseaux : le Goéland d’audouin et le Balbuzard Pêcheur, 

espèces emblématiques du parc national d’Al Hoceima ; 

Les inventaires et suivi de ces espèces permettent de mieux connaître leurs statuts et de prendre 

les mesures de protection appropriées en leur faveur. 


13); 


considérée pour réglementer l’introduction volontaire ou accidentelle dans la nature d’espèces 

non indigènes ou génétiquement modifiées et interdire celles qui pourraient entraîner des effets 

nuisibles sur les écosystèmes, habitats ou espèces dans la zone d’application du Protocole. 

Indiquer aussi quelles mesures juridiques et/ou administratives ont été prises au cours de la 

période considérée pour faire en sorte que soient éradiquées les espèces nuisibles déjà 

introduites. 

Les mesures administratives prises ont consisté en la collaboration avec l’UICN pour le montage 

d’un projet visant l’éradication de l’Erismature, espèce invasive qui n’atteint pas la façade maritime 

méditerranéenne, dans l’état actuel des choses, mais qui pourrait entraîner des effets nuisibles 

ultérieurement. 

En outre un projet de loi relatif au contrôle de l’utilisation et la dissémination des OGM est en cours 

de préparation. Ce projet de loi s’aligne sur les directives Européenne, la loi Française sur le 

biosécurité et le Protocole de Carthagène ratifié par le Maroc le 5/5/2000. 


Indiquer quelles dérogations aux interdictions prescrites dans les annexes ont été accordées au 

cours de la période considérée. 

Aucune dérogation aux mesures de protection prises n’a été accordée durant la période 

considérée. 

XXVII. Application technique du protocole 


Fournir une liste des aires spécialement protégées créées aux termes de l’article 5 du Protocole 

à la fin de la période considérée. Dans cette liste, indiquer au moyen d’annotations appropriées 

quelles aires avaient déjà été créées au début de cette période, et quelles aires ont été créées 

au cours de la période considérée proprement dite. 

Parc national d’Al Hoceima 


ASPIM (Article 9 a) 



Fournir une liste des aires relevant de la juridiction nationale proposées pour inscription sur la 

liste des ASPIM au cours de la période considérée, avec la date de soumission de chacune de 

ces propositions. 

En cours de préparation 



23 a) 

b) toute modification de la délimitation ou du régime juridique des ASPIM (article 23 b).


Annex III 

Page 211 

Fournir une liste à jour indiquant le statut et la situation des aires relevant de la juridiction 

nationale inscrites sur la liste des ASPIM au cours de la période considérée, et exposer 

brièvement tous les changements intervenus dans la délimitation ou le statut juridique des 

ASPIM en indiquant si elles ont été créées avant ou pendant la période considérée. 


Indiquer si des changements sont intervenus dans le régime juridique des espèces protégées au 

cours de la période considérée. Dans l’affirmative, les exposer brièvement. 







écosystèmes rares ou fragiles; 

b) Date d’établissement ou d’actualisation de l’inventaire des espèces de flore et/ou de 

faune en danger ou menacées; 

En 2003 et 2004 il a été procédé à l’inventaire de la biodiversité dans les SIBE de Jbel 

Moussa le parc national d’Al Hoceima, l’Embouchure de la Mouloya, le Cap des trois 

fourches, le massif Beni Snassen, la Lagune de Nador et le mont Gourougou. 

c) Joindre le ou les inventaires, à moins qu'ils n'aient déjà été soumis dans un rapport 

spécial. 

d) Inventaire utilisant le format standard de données (FSD) 

Fournir des informations sur les dates d’établissement ou d’actualisation des inventaires 

mentionnés aux paragraphes a)à c)ci-dessus au cours de la période considérée. Joindre des 

exemplaires des inventaires en question. 


Fournir une liste des dérogations aux mesures de protection accordées aux termes des articles 

12,18 et 23 c au cours de la période considérée. Dans chaque cas, indiquer brièvement les raisons de la 

dérogation. 

Aucune dérogation aux mesures de protection prises n’a été accordée durant la période 

considérée. 


Les actions entreprises en faveur de la protection du phoque moine de la méditerranée concernent tout 

d’abord la prospection des sites potentiels pouvant abriter cette espèce. Ces prospections ont aboutit à 

l’observation d’un seul individu au niveau de la zone d’action du projet MedWetCoast (Cap des trois 

Fourches) . Les plans d’aménagement des ces sites seront élaboré incessamment. Quant aux espèces 

de cétacés, des Tortues marines (Careta careta) ainsi que la végétation marine, il y a lieu de signaler 

les activités d’inventaires entreprises dans le cadre du même projet cité ci-dessus. Les actions de 

protection ces espèces seront identifier au niveau des plans d’aménagement et de gestion de ces sites. 

Plan d’action pour la conservation des cétacés en mer Méditerranée 

Plan d’action pour la gestion du phoque moine de Méditerranée 

Plan d’action pour la conservation des tortues marines en Méditerranée 

Plan d’action pour la conservation de la végétation marine 

Plan d'action pour la conservation des espèces d'oiseaux inscrites en Annexe II du 

Protocole 

Plan d'action pour la conservation des poissons cartilagineux (chondrichtyens) en mer 


Plan d'action relatif aux introductions d'espèces et aux espèces envahissantes en mer 


Exposer les développements intervenus au cours de la période considérée dans la mise en 

oeuvre des plans d’action (en cas d’absence d’action, veuillez indiquer les raisons de cette 

absence) 


Exposer brièvement la mise en oeuvre des autres recommandations des Parties contractantes 

se rapportant au Protocole. 

XXVIII. Brève description de tous problèmes ou contraintes rencontrés dans l'application du Protocole 

Consigner brièvement les problèmes ou contraintes spécifiques qui ont gêné l'application de 

toute mesure prise en vertu de dispositions du Protocole au cours de la période considérée. S'il 

y a lieu, spécifier quelles mesures ont été prises pour y remédier. Formuler succinctement


Annex III 

Page 212 

d'autres remarques ou observations pertinentes d’ordre général concernant les mesures prises 

en vue de l’application du Protocole. 

Le renforcement de coordination entre les différentes Institutions impliquées permettrait de créer une 

synergie entre les différentes actions entreprises et une planification plus efficiente des activités. Il est 

proposé à ce titre la constitution d’un comité regroupant les différents points focaux des protocoles de la 

Convention de Barcelone ainsi que les institutions les plus concernées par les aires spécialement 

protégées. 

RAPPORT NATIONAL 

SUR L’APPLICATION DU PROTOCOLE RELATIF AUX AIRES SPECIALEMENT PROTEGEES ET A LA DIVERSITE BIOLEN 

MEDITERRANEE 21 

XXIX. Information Générale 

1. Pays. PRINCIPAUTE DE MONACO 

2. Période couverte par le rapport. : mars 2003 à mars 2005 

3. Organismes nationaux chargés de l’établissement du rapport. 

Point focal CAR/ASP : 

DIRECTION DES RELATIONS EXTERIEURES 

Délégation à l’Environnement International et Méditerranéen 

Monsieur Patrick VAN KLAVEREN 

Ministère d’Etat 


98000 MONACO 

Tél : (+377) 93 15 81 48 pvanklaveren@gouv.mc 

Organisme technique et scientifique en charge du rapport : 

DIRECTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, DE L'URBANISME ET DE LA CONSTRUCTION 

« Les Terrasses de Fontvieille » 

23, avenue Prince Héréditaire Albert 

B.P. 609 

MC 98013 MONACO 

Tél. : (+377) 93.15.22.99 Fax : (+377) 93.15.88.02 

Contacts : Division Patrimoine et Milieux : 

Monsieur Bruno BLANCHY – Chef de Division bblanchy@gouv.mc 

Madame Valérie DAVENET – Chef de Section vdavenet@gouv.mc 

Monsieur Raphaël SIMONET – Chef de Section rsimonet@gouv.mc 

Madame Astrid RUSIN – Administrateur Juridique arusin@gouv.mc 



Enumérez les noms et adresses des organismes autres que ceux mentionnés au point 3 ci-dessus qui ont 

contribué au présent rapport en communiquant des informations et des données. 

21 

- Ce nouveau format est conforme au système de rapport établi dans le cadre de la Convention de Barcelone et adopté par les Parties Contractantes lors de 

leur 13 ème réunion (Catane, novembre 2003) 

-L’information demandée devrait être présentée dans une forme synthétique, et le rapport ne devrait pas dépasser les 6 pages (3000 mots environ) 

-Les rapports sont à préparer en anglais ou en français et à envoyer sous format électronique à l’adresse car-asp@rac-spa.org.tn pour le 1 er mars 

2005 délai de rigueur. 

2. Dans le cas de mesures juridiques, il est demandé que soit remis, avec ce rapport ou lors de la réunion des Points Focaux Nationaux, une copie du texte entré 

en vigueur.

XXX. Mesures juridiques et/ou administratives prises aux termes du Protocole : 2 


Annex III 

Page 213 


culturelle particulière, et pour protéger, préserver et gérer les espèces de la faune et de la flore 

marines et côtières qui sont en danger ou menacées (article 3); 

Indiquer quelle législation a été promulguée ou quelles mesures administratives ont été mises en oeuvre au 

cours de la période considérée pour protéger, préserver et gérer les espaces marins et côtiers dont on 

estime qu’ils ont une valeur naturelle ou culturelle particulière, et pour protéger, préserver et gérer les 

espèces menacées ou en danger de la faune et de la flore marines et côtières. 

CADRE JURIDIQUE MONEGASQUE RELATIF AUX AIRES MARINES PROTEGEES ET A LA 

PREVENTION DE LA POLLUTION DES MILIEUX AQUATIQUES 

Au niveau international : 

• Convention de Barcelone du 16 février 1976 pour la protection de la mer Méditerranée contre la 

pollution (rendue exécutoire le 30 septembre 1980) ; 

• Protocole de Barcelone du 10 juin 1995, à la convention de Barcelone, relatif aux aires 

spécialement protégées et à la biodiversité en Méditerranée - Protocole ASPIM (rendu 

exécutoire le 23 avril 2001) ; 

• Convention de Ramsar du 2 février 1971 sur les zones humides d’importance internationale 

particulièrement comme habitats des oiseaux d’eau (rendue exécutoire le 23 janvier 1998) ; 

• Convention de Paris de novembre 1972 pour la protection du patrimoine mondial culturel et 

naturel (rendue exécutoire le 31 janvier 1979) ; 

• Accord franco-italo-monégasque du 10 mai 1976 sur la protection des eaux du littoral 

méditerranéen – Accord RAMOGE (rendu exécutoire le 10 décembre 1980) – Un nouveau texte 

tripartite est entré en vigueur à Monaco le 9 avril 2004 ; 

• Convention de Bonn du 23 juin 1979 sur la conservation des espèces migratrices appartenant à 

la faune sauvage (CMS) (rendue exécutoire le 12 mai 1993), amendée à Cap Town le 14 

novembre 1999 (rendue exécutoire le 30 mars 2000) ; 

• Convention de Berne du 19 septembre 1979 sur la conservation de la vie sauvage et du milieu 

naturel en Europe, rendue exécutoire le 29 avril 1994 ; 

• Convention de Rio de Janeiro sur la diversité biologique du 11 juin 1992 rendue exécutoire le 9 

mai 1994 ; 

• Accord de Monaco du 24 novembre 1996 sur la conservation des cétacés de la Mer Noire, de la 

Méditerranée et de la zone Atlantique adjacente - ACCOBAMS (rendu exécutoire le 4 mars 

2002) ; 

• Accord tripartite du 25 novembre 1999 relatif à la création en Méditerranée du sanctuaire 

PELAGOS pour les mammifères marins (rendu exécutoire le 18 février 2002); 

• Protocole de la Convention de Barcelone relatif à la « Coopération en matière de prévention de la 

pollution par les navires et, en cas de situation critique, de lutte contre la pollution de la mer 

Méditerranée » rendu exécutoire le 6 mai 2004 (O.S. n°16.311) ; 

• Amendements à la Convention de Barcelone pour la protection de la mer Méditerranée contre 

la pollution, du 10 juin 1995 rendus exécutoires le 20 septembre 2004 (O.S. n°16.440); 

• Convention de Stockholm sur les « Polluants Organiques Persistants » du 22 mai 2001 rendu 

exécutoire le 20 décembre 2004 (O.S. n°16.551). 

Au niveau national : 

• Ordonnance du 2 juillet 1908 sur le service de la marine et la police maritime; 

• Loi n°1198 du 27 mars 1998 portant Code de la Mer : articles L.223-1, L.224-1 à 3, L. 230-1 et 

suivants, L.241-1 et suivants, L. 750-1 – et textes d’application. 

• Ordonnance Souveraine n°16.456 du 7 octobre 2004 révisant le Code de la Mer par 

réglementation de la recherche scientifique dans les zones maritimes monégasques. 

MESURES ADMINISTRATIVES : 

• Monaco dispose de deux aires marines protégées dites zones protégées : 

La Réserve du Larvotto créée par Ordonnance Souveraine du 25 avril 1978 et la Réserve à Corail 

rouge créée par Ordonnance Souveraine du 29 août 1986. 

La gestion de ces sites est confiée à l’Association Monégasque de Protection de la Nature alors que la 

Direction de l'Environnement, de l'Urbanisme et de la Construction en assure la maîtrise des 

opérations de surveillance et d’entretien et le Gouvernement Princier son financement.


Annex III 

Page 214 

La constatation des infractions est assurée par la Division de la Police Maritime et Aéroportuaire et la 

Direction des Affaires Maritimes. 

La Principauté de Monaco est à l’origine de l’Accord RAMOGE réunissant depuis 1976 la France, 

Monaco et l’Italie dans la constitution d’une zone-pilote de gestion intégrée et de protection du littoral 

maritime allant de la Ligurie aux Bouches-du-Rhône. 

Monaco prend en charge le Secrétariat Exécutif de l’Accord qui est mis en œuvre grâce aux travaux 

effectués au sein de plusieurs Groupes de Travail, Commission et Comité Technique se réunissant à 

Monaco tout au long de l’année, ainsi qu’à travers des réunions thématiques ayant lieu dans l’un ou 

l’autre des trois pays. 

La Présidence tournante du Comité Technique revient à Monaco pour le biennum 2004-2005. 


Indiquer quelles mesures juridiques et/ou administratives ont été adoptées et/ou mises en 

oeuvre au cours de la période considérée pour créer des aires spécialement protégées marines 

et côtières. 

Sanctuaire PELAGOS pour les mammifères marins : 

Le bassin s’étendant des côtes Toscanes aux côtes Provençales et au sud jusqu’à la Sardaigne en 

englobant la Corse est une zone pélagique méditerranéenne très riche attirant une population 

importante de cétacés. La volonté de préserver ce patrimoine biologique a conduit la Principauté de 

Monaco, la France et l’Italie à décider en 1993 d’un Accord sur la création d’un sanctuaire pour les 

mammifères marins, le Sanctuaire PELAGOS, signé en 1999 puis ratifié par les trois Etats pour entrer 

en vigueur en février 2002. 

En septembre 2004, la 2ème Réunion des Parties Contractantes à l’Accord a été consacrée à sa mise 

en œuvre dans la zone géographique du Sanctuaire englobant l’espace maritime monégasque. 



considérée pour appliquer les dispositions de l’article 6 du protocole au sein des aires 

spécialement protégées, et en particulier les mesures concernant : 



L’Accord RAMOGE comprend le plan tripartite de prévention et de lutte contre la pollution, 

RAMOGEPOL, qui concerne une vaste zone englobant la Corse et la Sardaigne et au sein de laquelle 

se situe l’espace maritime monégasque et ses aires marines protégées. 

Une nouvelle version de ce plan organisant la surveillance aérienne et les échanges d’informations 

entre les trois pays, vient d’être signée à Monaco le 11 janvier 2005. 



Interdiction de tout rejet susceptible de porter atteinte à la faune et la flore marine, article L.223-1, 

L224-1 du Code de la Mer. 


Aires maritimes protégées du Larvotto et de la Réserve à Corail rouge : 

Sont interdits la navigation moteur en marche et le mouillage. 

Ordonnance du 2 juillet 1908 sur le service de la marine et la police maritime. 

Loi n°1198 du 27 mars 1998 portant Code de la Mer – articles L. 230-2 et 3. 


e) La réglementation d’activités (article 6 e), 6 h) ; 


La recherche scientifique marine ne peut s’effectuer qu'après avoir obtenu une autorisation délivrée par 

le Ministre d'Etat Article; L. 241-1 du Code de la Mer. 

L’Ordonnance Souveraine n°16.456 du 7 octobre 2004 réglemente la recherche scientifique dans les 

zones maritimes monégasques. 

g) La réglementation de la pêche, de la chasse, de la capture d’animaux et de la récolte 

de végétaux ainsi que du commerce d’animaux ou de parties d’animaux, de végétaux 

ou de parties de végétaux provenant d’aires protégées. 

La pêche est interdite dans les Aires maritimes protégées (article 15 de l’Ordonnance de 1908, modifié 

le 29 janvier 1993 par O.S. n°10.779 et articles L. 230-2 et 3 du Code de la Mer) . 


protégées (article 7);


Annex III 

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Indiquer et décrire brièvement quelles mesures juridiques et/ou administratives ont été prises au 

cours de la période considérée pour planifier, gérer et superviser les aires spécialement 

protégées. 



considérée pour appliquer les dispositions de l’article 11 du Protocole, en particulier les mesures 

visant à réglementer ou à interdire:a) la capture, détention, mise à mort, le commerce, le 

transport et l’exposition à des fins commerciales des espèces protégées de faune, de leurs 

oeufs, parties et produits, b) la perturbation de la faune sauvage pendant les périodes 

biologiques critiques et c) la destruction ou la perturbation d’espèces de flore protégées. 

La Convention de Washington sur le Commerce International des Espèces de faune et de flore 

Sauvages menacées d'Extinction, CITES, entrée en vigueur à Monaco en 1978 est appliquée de façon 

rigoureuse en ce qui concerne les échanges commerciaux. 

L’Ordonnance Souveraine n° 16.720 du 21 mars 2005 rend exécutoire les amendements apportés aux 

Annexes I et II et à la version révisée de l’Annexe III, adoptés à Bangkok en octobre 2004. 


13); 


considérée pour réglementer l’introduction volontaire ou accidentelle dans la nature d’espèces 

non indigènes ou génétiquement modifiées et interdire celles qui pourraient entraîner des effets 

nuisibles sur les écosystèmes, habitats ou espèces dans la zone d’application du Protocole. 

Indiquer aussi quelles mesures juridiques et/ou administratives ont été prises au cours de la 

période considérée pour faire en sorte que soient éradiquées les espèces nuisibles déjà 

introduites. 


Indiquer quelles dérogations aux interdictions prescrites dans les annexes ont été accordées au 

cours de la période considérée. 

XXXI. Application technique du protocole 


Fournir une liste des aires spécialement protégées créées aux termes de l’article 5 du Protocole à 

la fin de la période considérée. Dans cette liste, indiquer au moyen d’annotations appropriées 

quelles aires avaient déjà été créées au début de cette période, et quelles aires ont été créées au 

cours de la période considérée proprement dite. 

La Réserve du Larvotto créée par Ordonnance Souveraine du 25 avril 1978; 

zone littorale balnéaire protégée couvrant 50 hectares jusqu’à 35m de profondeur. 

La Réserve à Corail rouge créée par Ordonnance Souveraine du 29 août 1986; 

Zone protégée dite “tombant coralligène des Spelugues” au pied de la pointe Focinane, couvrant un 

hectare jusqu’à 38 m de profondeur. 


ASPIM (Article 9 a) 



Fournir une liste des aires relevant de la juridiction nationale proposées pour inscription sur la 

liste des ASPIM au cours de la période considérée, avec la date de soumission de chacune de 

ces propositions. 



23 a) 

Le Sanctuaire PELAGOS pour les mammifères marins créé en 1999 a été inscrit sur la liste ASPIM en 

2001. Le texte juridique est entré en vigueur en février 2002. 

Le plan de gestion de ce sanctuaire a été adopté dans son principe à la 2ème Réunion des Parties 

Contractantes à L’Accord, en septembre 2004. 

b) toute modification de la délimitation ou du régime juridique des ASPIM (article 23 b).


Annex III 

Page 216 

Fournir une liste à jour indiquant le statut et la situation des aires relevant de la juridiction 

nationale inscrites sur la liste des ASPIM au cours de la période considérée, et exposer 

brièvement tous les changements intervenus dans la délimitation ou le statut juridique des 

ASPIM en indiquant si elles ont été créées avant ou pendant la période considérée. 


Indiquer si des changements sont intervenus dans le régime juridique des espèces protégées au 

cours de la période considérée. Dans l’affirmative, les exposer brièvement. 







écosystèmes rares ou fragiles; 

Depuis 1997 un programme systématique de suivi des biocénoses marines a été entrepris par la 

réalisation d’inventaires des différentes espèces de la faune et de la flore présentes dans les eaux de 

la Principauté. 

b) Date d’établissement ou d’actualisation de l’inventaire des espèces de flore et/ou de 

faune en danger ou menacées; 

Au cours des années 2003 et 2004 un programme d’études des invertébrés fixés sur substrats durs a 

été mené afin de réaliser un inventaire des spongiaires, des bryozoaires, des gorgonaires ainsi que des 

espèces patrimoniales de Monaco. 

Il a permis en ce qui concerne les spongiaires de rajouter 22 espèces à l’inventaire précédent de 1999. 

Le programme de mise à jour concernant les échinodermes est poursuivi chaque année. 

Le programme relatif aux gorgonaires (corail rouge et gorgone jaune) a été établi pour trois ans. 

Une mise à jour du dernier inventaire de la faune ichtyologique realisé en 1998 va être entrepris par la 

suite . 

c) Joindre le ou les inventaires, à moins qu'ils n'aient déjà été soumis dans un rapport 

spécial. 

« Inventaire d’invertébrés fixés de substrats durs à Monaco et suivi d’indicateurs biologiques », 

T.PEREZ, D.MASSIAS, J-G.HARMELIN, décembre 2004, Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille et GIS 

Posidonie. 

d) Inventaire utilisant le format standard de données (FSD) 

Fournir des informations sur les dates d’établissement ou d’actualisation des inventaires mentionnés 

aux paragraphes a)à c)ci-dessus au cours de la période considérée. Joindre des exemplaires des 

inventaires en question 


Fournir une liste des dérogations aux mesures de protection accordées aux termes des articles 

12,18 et 23 c au cours de la période considérée. Dans chaque cas, indiquer brièvement les raisons de la 

dérogation. 

Aucune dérogation 


Exposer les développements intervenus au cours de la période considérée dans la mise en oeuvre 

des plans d’action (en cas d’absence d’action, veuillez indiquer les raisons de cette absence 

Plan d’action pour la conservation des cétacés en mer Méditerranée. 

Monaco participe activement aux travaux de l’ Accord pour la Conservation des Cétacés de la Mer 

Noire, de la Méditerranée et des eaux Atlantiques adjacentes, ACCOBAMS (CMS / UNEP). 

Il prend en charge, à Monaco, le Secrétariat Exécutif qui vient notamment


Annex III 

Page 217 

d’organiser la 2ème Réunion des Parties Contractantes à Palma de Majorque du 9 au 12 novembre 

2004. 

La 2ème Réunion des Parties à l’Accord, la France, Monaco et l’Italie, portant création du Sanctuaire 

PELAGOS pour les mammifères marins s’est tenue à l’Ile d’Elbe, du 14 au 16 septembre 2004. 

Plan d’action pour la gestion du phoque moine de Méditerranée 

Plan d’action pour la conservation des tortues marines en Méditerranée 

Plan d’action pour la conservation de la végétation marine 

L’herbier de Posidonie de la Réserve du Larvotto a fait l’objet à l’automne 2004 d’une opération 

innovante de balisage de précision à grande échelle de sa limite inférieure, réalisée par l’Université de 

Nice à l’aide d’aquamètres à positionnement GPS. Ce balisage permettra le suivi de l’état de l’herbier 

de Posidonie notamment vis-à-vis de l’algue Caulerpa Taxifolia. 

Plan d'action pour la conservation des espèces d'oiseaux inscrites en Annexe II du 

Protocole 

Plan d'action pour la conservation des poissons cartilagineux (chondrichtyens) en mer 

Méditerranée. 

Plan d'action relatif aux introductions d'espèces et aux espèces envahissantes en mer 

Méditerranée. 

La progression ou la régression de l’algue envahissante Caulerpa Taxifolia est étroitement surveillée 

notamment par des balisages de précision à positionnement GPS des herbiers de Posidonie. 


Exposer brièvement la mise en oeuvre des autres recommandations des Parties contractantes 

se rapportant au Protocole. 

XXXII. Brève description de tous problèmes ou contraintes rencontrés dans l'application du Protocole 

Consigner brièvement les problèmes ou contraintes spécifiques qui ont gêné l'application de 

toute mesure prise en vertu de dispositions du Protocole au cours de la période considérée. S'il 

y a lieu, spécifier quelles mesures ont été prises pour y remédier. Formuler succinctement 

d'autres remarques ou observations pertinentes d’ordre général concernant les mesures prises 

en vue de l’application du Protocole.


Annex III 

Page 218 

BIENNIAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROTOCOL CONCERNING SPECIALLY 

PROTECTED AREAS AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 

To be submitted to SPA/RAC 

1. Country 

Serbia and Montenegro- Republic of Montenegro 

2. Period covered by the Report 

1 st January 2002 to 31 st December 2003 


Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning of the Republic of Montenegro 

4.National Organization providing data towards the compilation of report 

Institute for nature protection 

Institute for marine biology 

5. Assistance received from UNEP/MAP towards the compilation of the present report 

In regard to the development of the Report on the Implementation of the Protocol concerning Specially 

Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean has been received assistance from 

UNEP/MAP as it is specified in Part 1-General information of the Biennial National report on the 

implementation of the Conventions and Protocols. 

6. Legal and/or administrative measure taken under the terms of the Protocol 

6.1 To protect preserve and manage and costal areas of particular natural or cultural value, and protect, 

preserve and manage threatened and endangered species of marine and costal flora and fauna (Article 3) 

The general political and economical conditions in the region during the last decade did not provide 

possibilities for regular work of many actors relevant for the conservation of biodiversity in coastal area. After 

the decomposition of SFRYU, Montenegrin institutions devoted to the conservation of Biodiversity were 

excluded from the communication with relevant international institutions. On the other hand, very limited and 

insufficient financial resources were allocated annually for biodiversity conservation in Montenegro from a 

week nationally economy with one of the smallest GDP in the region, which couldn’t provide for any serious 

biodiversity conservation program over the past decade. However some no-funded or small fund activities 

were done in these conditions. Additionally, gap in knowledge couldn’t overcome the difficult situation and it 

inhibited the implementation of numerous regional and global biodiversity conservation initiatives. Weak 

institutional and individual human capacities additionally blocked transposition of modern techniques and 

methods of work on the conservation of Coastal Area Biodiversity. Poorly organized and badly coordinated 

NGO’s were not efficient in their biodiversity conservation activities in practice. Their activities were oriented 

locally and thematically. 

Montenegro has no national Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (BSAP), which should be developed as a 

national commitment to the Convention on Biodiversity ratified by FRYU in 2001. UNDP has been appointed 

as an implementing agency for this project. A project proposal for BSAP is already developed and will be 

submitted to GEF for funding as an enabling activity, during this month. 

The Programme for Biodiversity Monitoring in Montenegro conducted by the Institute for the Protection of 

Nature during the past two years covers only a part 22 of the Coastal Zone. In fact, this Programme is an 

attempt to produce data on biodiversity missing so far, but it is still in the starting phase. 

A plan for future activities in the field of Biodiversity is already defined in the Economic Reform Agenda for 

Montenegro 23 . The biodiversity issue is addressed by at least four specific initiatives: 

Development of the Strategy (BSAP) 

Conformance with the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) and other relevant international 

conventions 

Reviewing and completion of the Red List, habitats characterizations and other records, with yearly 

revision 

Revision of laws and regulations accordingly with above 

Elaboration of the Network of protected areas, with reviewing and revision based on regular 

monitoring 

6.2 To establish Specially Protected marine and costal areas (Article 5) 

22 Velika plaza an its rear in Commune Ulcinj 

23 Adopted by Government of Montenegro at 25 th of March 2003.


Annex III 

Page 219 

Many valuable natural habitats on the costal zone are not ecologically evaluated to be designated as coastal 

or marine protected areas. Enlargement percentage/size of protected areas is required in numerous 

documents adopted at national and international scale. (see National Report on the technical 

implementation of the Specially Protected Areas Protocol section 6 ). 

Identification of the new protected areas needing appropriate status of protection on the costal zone. 

6.3 To ensure protection in conformity with Article 6 in particular: 

a) Strengthening of application of the other Protocols and other treaties (Article 6 a) 

Presently, a comprehensive set of acts / regulations devoted to the protection of biodiversity has not been 

completely developed in the national legislature. However, the existing national legislature covers issues 

devoted to the protection of biodiversity such as: 

The Law on Nature Protection protects the nature as a whole, and particularly areas of special natural 

values, nature landmarks and natural rarities, including protection of the areas important for plant and animal 

species. The Law defines the following principles, related to the protection and conservation of nature, i.e. of 

biological diversity: 

(Article 2) 

- Organization of such man nature relationship, in order to ensuring a sustainable use of nature; 

- Protection of particularly valuable and virgin natural components; 

- Prevention of all actions could disturb directly or indirectly natural assets and their characteristics; 

- Creation of conditions as favourable as possible for conservation and maintenance of natural values; 

- Implementation of other measures to ensure the continuous and sustainable use of nature; 

(Article 3) 

- Local self-government Units, the Republic and the citizens to take care of the nature protection; 

- Interdiction of destroying and damaging of natural asset; 

(Article 9) 

- Provision of special protection for wild plant and animal species rare, scarce or endangered 

- Interdiction of removal, damaging, destroying or chasing, disturbing, coughing or killing of plant and animal 

species, their nests and developmental stages 

-Interdiction of damaging or destroying of plant and animal habitats 

The Decree on Protection of Rare, Scarce, Endemic and Endangered Plant and Animal Species having 

proclaimed protected 24 plant (57) and animal (314) species (i.e. the Red List of species). 

The Law on Forests specifies that forests, as natural reaches and assets of general interest should be 

renewed, maintained and used under conditions and in a manner ensuring permanent conservation and 

increase of their natural values and ecological functions; their continuous functional use, protection from 

harmful consequences affecting their values; breeding to guarantee continuous increase of growth and yield 

(Article 2). 

On the other hand, certain legal norms related to the protection of biodiversity are given in Law on 

Environment. One of the basic principles of environmental protection promoted in this Law is the principle of 

conservation of natural assets and biological diversity (Article 7, Items 1 and 2). A large part of measures for 

the environmental protection is dedicated to the natural assets as well (II Part of the Law). The natural 

assets of interest for the Republic, which merit a special protection, include nature reserves, national parks, 

protected plant and animal species, nature monuments and landscapes with remarkable characteristics 

(Article15). 

The Law on Hunting determines breeding, protection, hunting and usage of game animals. Game animals, 

as natural assets and part of the biological diversity, enjoy particular protection and are exploited under 

conditions and in a way prescribed by the Law (Article 1). 

Game animals are mammals and birds that live freely in the nature (Article 1, Paragraph 2). The protection 

of game animals is realized through a permanent ban of hunting, ban of hunting in a certain period (closed 

season), reduction of the hunting season or reduction of the number of hunting days, protection of the 

hunting areas, suppression of illegal hunting, decreasing of the number of unprotected game animals, 

rescuing from natural disasters, additional feeding and other measures (Article 12). According to the Law, a 

special regulation on closed season and reduction of the hunting season, or the number of hunting days is 

issued. In order to conserve and improve game animals and their protection, it is forbidden to destroy, catch 

and take over young animals, as well as to damage and destroy nests, fledged young and eggs of protected 

game animals (Article16); it is forbidden to poison game animals (Article 17); it is forbidden to move around 

the forest for persons with guns, hunting dogs and other hunting tools, as well as to move out of the roads of 

general purpose, without the permission of the hunting ground user. The Law has not recognized areas of 

24 According to the Decree, Plant and Animal Species cannot be removed from their habitats, 

damaged or destroyed, i.e. killed, caught or chased.


Annex III 

Page 220 

National Parks as warranted for hunting, but envisaged the possibility of organizing the hunting according to 

some provisions given in this Law and in the Law on National Parks and subsequent regulations. 

b) Prohibition of dumping or discharge affecting protected areas (Article 6 b) 

The urbanization of the coastal area and the pollution caused by it is the most important negative influence 

on the marine life. The main problem in the Montenegrin coast is the direct discharge of untreated 

wastewaters. This causes a major problem in the Boka Kotorska Bay where the circulation and water 

exchange with the open sea are slow. 

Eutrophication is present in Boka Kotorska Bay, especially during the summer season due to the increased 

tourism. Consequently, it causes the withdrawal of Posidonia oceanica beds, and the change of the benthos 

biocenosis. 

Situation at the open Sea is much favourable, except for the mouth of river Bojana and the Port Milena 

Channel where the process of euthrophication is registered as well, especially during the summer period. 

The manufacture on the Montenegrin coast is not very developed. The greatest inputs of toxic substances 

and inorganic pollution occur at the mouth of river Bojana bringing the wastewater from the industrial centres 

in the northern areas. 

There is a risk of oil spills, pollution with antifouling dyes and other toxic materials, due to miss management 

in ports and shipyards that could cause adverse effect on the marine environment. Several cases of smallscale 

discharges of toxic materials occurred in the past. However, due to the lack of adequate equipment 

and monitoring the effects of these accidents could not be determined. 

d) Regulation of the passage of ships (Article 6 c) 

Not available 

e) Regulation on introduction of species (Article 6 d) 

Law on Marine Fishery prohibit fish stocking, introduction of non-indigenous species and other marine 

organisms and/or genetically modifies species. According to this Law, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and 

Water Supply issues a permit for over-catch of fish and other marine organisms, and also fish producing 

permit, molluscs and other marine organisms producing permits. 

There are one-registered fish farms in Ljuta-Kotor (capacity about 30 tones of Gilthead Sea Bream and Sea 

Bass species) and about twenty molluscs farms with total capacity about 100 tones. 

Till now this organizations hasn’t obligation to delivery data about quantity of over-catch and fish produce, 

but for next year we will introduce obligatory Dairy for over-catch and fish produce (Gazette of Montenegro 

N°10/04). 

f) Regulation of activities (Article 6 e, Article 6h) 

The Coastal area covers a narrow coastal land strip and much wider sea area, however during the past 

period most of the human activities were concentrated on the coastal land. A great number of users and 

various activities (ports and harbours, ferries, yachting, surfing, water sports, fishing, aquaculture, offshore 

oil and gas exploration, salt-pans, ship-building and repairing zones, industrial- and tax free zones, tourist 

facilities, infrastructure) on the sea and land lead to severe conflicts as well as urban and ecological 

problems. Due to the inadequate and extensive urbanization and development of tourist, industrial and other 

sites the environment of the coastal land was degraded and the quality of the natural resources and ambient 

were deteriorated, which now represents a limiting factor for further coastal area development. 

Some other existing problems in the Coastal Area were recognized such as overlapping jurisdiction of 

central and local authorities and different agencies, Coastal area being too narrow on the land part, 

ambiguous land ownership of certain locations, and the questionable purpose of sites and complexes that 

were used for military defence purposes. Most of the activity and land use conflict is trying to be solved 

through the adoption of Coastal Zone Spatial Plan for the whole coastal region in Montenegro. 

g) Regulation of scientific research activities (Article 6 f) 

Law on Marine fishery proscribes types of marine fishery (commercial and sports) and terms of under which 

fishing shall be performed, permitted manners and means as well as measures for protection of certain 

categorized fish and other marine animal species-young fish. Also Law proscribe regulation of scientific 

research activities and prohibit scientific research activities, which are usage hunting and collecting of fish 

and other marine organizes without permit of Ministry of agriculture, forestry and water supply. 

h) Regulation of fishing, hunting, taking of animals, harvesting of plants, and trade in plants and animals and 

parts thereof originating from protected areas (Article 6g) 

Hunting: Following Hunting organizations are active in 6 Coastal municipalities: “Sumsko gazdinstvo” 

(Commune Ulcinj), “Rumija” (Commune Bar), “Pastrovici” (Petrovac, Commune Budva), “Budva” (Commune 

Budva), “Kotor” (Commune Kotor) and “Orjen” (Commune Herceg Novi). They operate in Hunting Areas 

defined in a regulation adopted by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Supply. Data presented in 

evidences of hunting organizations use by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Supply in procedure of 

issuing of seasonal hunting permits for hunting organizations. 

Fishery: Nowadays in the Montenegro there are 17 crafts for marine trawl fishing and that is fishing on the 

continental shelf (depth up to 200m). Boats with different fishing means (over 200 boats) are active in the


Annex III 

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Boka Kotorska Bay and in the relatively small zone of open sea (depth up to 80m). The catch of pelagic fish 

at the open sea and fishing on the continental slope still does not exist. 

Harvest of herbs and plants for pharmaceutical use. The development of these human activities might be 

dangerous for Salvia officinalis and Laurus nobilis, but in future, some other species could also be of interest 

for medical and pharmaceutical use. 

The Coastal area covers a narrow coastal land strip and much wider sea area, however during the past 

period most of the human activities were concentrated on the coastal land. A great number of users and 

various activities (ports and harbours, ferries, yachting, surfing, water sports, fishing, aquaculture, offshore 

oil and gas exploration, salt-pans, ship-building and repairing zones, industrial- and tax free zones, tourist 

facilities, infrastructure) on the sea and land lead to severe conflicts as well as urban and ecological 

problems. Due to the inadequate and extensive urbanization and development of tourist, industrial and other 

sites the environment of the coastal land was degraded and the quality of the natural resources and ambient 

were deteriorated, which now represents a limiting factor for further coastal area development. 

Some other existing problems in the Coastal Area were recognized such as overlapping jurisdiction of 

central and local authorities and different agencies, Coastal area being too narrow on the land part, 

ambiguous land ownership of certain locations, and the questionable purpose of sites and complexes that 

were used for military defence purposes. Most of the activity and land use conflict is trying to be solved 

through the adoption of Coastal Zone Spatial Plan for the whole coastal region in Montenegro. 

Trade in animals and plants Regulation of trade in plants and animals establish by Convention on 

International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). FRY has confirmed the CITES 

Convention by issuing the Law on Approval of the CITES Convention on International Trade of Endangered 

Species of Wild Flora and Fauna on November 5, 2001 ("Yugoslav Official Register”, International 

Agreements, no. 11/2001). Ratification instruments have been submitted, but acceptance information was 

not yet received. Before that, FRY has applied the CITES Convention (Article X), which relates to the nonmember 

countries as well, through issuing licenses and certificates comparable with CITES documents. It is 

left to depose the ratification instruments and to put into effect the Convention in SU S&MN. 

6.4 Regarding planning and management of specially protected areas 

Existing institutional set-up does not provide possibility for efficient work on the conservation of Coastal and 

marine Biodiversity in Montenegro. Actually institutions that are devoted to the protection of certain aspects 

of Coastal and marine Biodiversity are week in following aspects: 

Twelve years isolation form MAP (Barcelona convention) and other Mediterranean biodiversity conservation 

initiatives. Following institutions have certain competencies on Coastal and marine Biodiversity: 

Ministry of Environmental protection and physical planning is key institution for protection of nature and 

protected natural resources (including biodiversity). The Ministry’s major activities depend on the decisions 

rendered by the Government and primarily involve the following issues related to biodiversity protection: 

drafting and passing laws and other acts, administrative supervision in environmental affairs (regarding 

subordinate institutions and public enterprises), conducting inspection performance, providing funds for 

development and scientific projects, cooperation with international organizations. 

The legal authority of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Supply has primarily following 

concerns: implementation of certain mechanisms devoted to management of nature resources, including 

protected areas, protected plant and animal species, forests management, fishing and hunting. However, 

traditional legislature puts trade and control on exploitation of wild plant species 25 under full competencies of 

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Resources and its Forestry Directorates. This Ministry also has 

the jurisdiction over the fisheries and Mari culture. The newly adopted Law on Marine Fisheries regulates the 

commercial fishing and mariculture giving emphasis to protection of the biodiversity as well. 

Government institutions with protection of biodiversity as part of their activities are as follows: 

Institute for Nature Protection, located in Podgorica, operates under the provisions of the outdated Law on 

Protection of Nature (1989) performing the following operations: keeping inventories of protected objects of 

nature, studies focused on protection of certain objects of nature (natural heritage) etc. 

Among the on-going projects two might be mentioned 

-Research work in region of Prokletije for the establishment of National park 

-Preparation of Vegetation map of Montenegro 

The Institute publishes The Herald (Bulletin) so far being published in 25 volumes has achieved international 

recognition. It is focused on natural protection through reports of the Institutes’ experts, University experts 

and foreign and national contributors. The funds for the Institute’s work are provide by the Ministry of 

Culture. 

The Institute for Marine Biology (IMB) founded in 1961 is the only one institute devoted to research of 

marine living organisms in MN and S&MN as well. Approach to the research has an ecological character, 

• 

25 so called “forests but non-timber products”


Annex III 

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with special attention given to the Boka Kotorska Bay as a natural phenomenon. The work of IMB included a 

number of projects dealing with marine biodiversity and specialized works published in the domestic and 

foreign literature. Mostly these documents are available as hard copies, while some of them are available 

also in electronic version, all in local language (see www.biokotor.org ). Also, the IMB possesses a collection 

of marine organisms, first of all molluscs, crustaceans, algae, fish…etc. 

The Montenegrin Nature History Museum was founded in 1996, as one of institutions within the network of 

Montenegrin cultural institutions. It deals with conservation and presentation of museum stocks. Prior its 

establishment the present collections of flora and fauna and a geological exhibit were kept in the Institute for 

the Protection of Nature. 

The Coastal Zone Law (CZL) established the Public Enterprise Coastal Zone Management Agency (PE 

CZMA) in 1992. The Law defined the Coastal Zone as the dry land belt, territorial sea, and all living and nonliving 

resources within. The Coastal Zone is the specific area of exceptional importance for the Republic of 

Montenegro. The provisions of this law set the guidelines for use, protection and management of the coastal 

zone. Furthermore, this law envisaged the establishment of the public enterprise to manage directly the 

coastal zone as determined by the law. However, the provisions of this Law are broad, ambiguous and not 

sufficient for setting up a sound coastal management strategy on local and state levels. The PE CZMA is 

under the competence of Ministry of Maritime Affairs, endorsed with the implementation of the CZL. The 

main responsibilities of PE CZMA are as follows: protection, restoration and development of coastal and 

marine resources; management of coastal and marine resources; contracting and leasing of areas within the 

coastal zone; development and maintenance of infrastructure objects for the management of coastal and 

marine resources. Currently, the PE CZMA manages the use of the coastal zone with a market oriented; 

throw the contracted leasing of coastal areas and by investing the profits into protection and improvement of 

the coastal zone. There is no management plan, nor a strategy for the development and protection of the 

coastal zone that would for an integrated approach. In the legal policy of Montenegro, the Coastal Zone 26 is 

recognized as coastal area with defined geographical border and specific functional characteristics, which is, 

due to its exceptional importance and value, under the specific regime of management and use. From the 

geographical point of view, the coastal zone includes coastal land belt (including all natural and man made 

resources), territorial sea, water body and coasts of the river Bojana on the territory of the Republic of 

Montenegro. 

6.5. For the protection and conservation of species 

The fauna of the Adriatic Sea has not been fully investigated yet, but according to recently available data 

there are around 310 Algal species, 4 plant species, some 300 species of Hydrozoas, some 40 species of 

Crustacea, 530 species of snails, about 300 shellfish species, 23 Cephalopods species, 409 fish species, 

318 Molluscs, 3 species of marine turtles and 4 species of dolphins. Several species of whales are also 

occasional visitors of the Adriatic. The biodiversity of Adriatic also includes some endemic and some boreal 

species. According to the high abundance of species in the Montenegrin part of the Adriatic Sea, it could be 

considered as a biocenter in the Northern Mediterranean. Most of the species are distributed along the 

littoral zone (up to 200 meters depth), but some of them are found in transitive to batial zone (200-300 

meters depth) such as economically important association Nephrops norvegicus & Tenea muricata. 

The Boka Kotorska Bay biotope is ecologically important as a spawning site. Very rare molluscs Tijsira 

orahoviciana and Mitra zonata are registered in the Boka Kotorska Bay. 

The coastal area has high level of species diversity, as well as high diversity of habitats and landscape. 

According to available data, in the coastal stripe more than 420 species of plants, about 55 species of 

invertebrates, about 30 species of amphibians and reptiles, more than 220 species of birds, and more than 

37 species of mammals are registered. The terrestrial and marine biodiversity are characterized by 

numerous species located in small area, but with relatively low abundance. Rare and endemic species with 

limited range of distribution are also present here, such as Skadar Oak, as well as some unusual 

associations, such as association Andropogoni – Nerietum. The Ulcinj area (beach hinterland, Stoj, Solana, 

swamps (“knete”) and Sasko lake) is especially important as a valuable biodiversity centre in Montenegro. 

The value of ornitophauna in this area, as well as the natural wetland habitats, was appreciated in the past, 

but is in the focus now as well. 

According to the Law on Nature Protection in a Article 9 defines the following principles, related to the 

protection and conservation of nature, i.e. of biological diversity: 

- Provision of special protection for wild plant and animal species rare, scarce or endangered. Also national 

legislation protected plant (57) and animal (314) species (i.e. the Red List of species). The last revision of 

the List had been done in 1982. Animal and Plant Species included in the List were not categorized 

26 In fact, the narrow coastal stripe has been defined as “Coastal Zone” that doesn’t referring to 

the standardised definition of the Coastal Zone / Coastal Area


Annex III 

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according to IUCN Red List classification for threatened species. At the present stage of biological research 

in Montenegro, it is necessary to be applied the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. 

6.6. To regulate introduction of non-indigenous or generically modified species 

See section 6.3 e) 

6.7. To grant exemptions from protected measures 


6.8. Brief description of any problems or constrains in implementation of the Protocol 

Regional and sub-regional agreements have particular importance for the protection of coastal and marine 

biodiversity in Montenegro. Among them, most relevant is Protocol on Specially Protected Areas and 

Biological Diversity in Mediterranean.


Annex III 

Page 224 

NATIONAL REPORT ON THE TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SPECIALLY PROTECTED 

AREAS PROTOCOL 

To be submitted to SPA/RAC 

1. Country : Serbia and Montenegro-Republic of Montenegro 

2. Period covered by Report : 1 st January 2002 to 31 st December 2003 


Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning of the Republic of Montenegro 

4. National Organizations providing data towards the compilation of report 

Institute for nature protection 

Institute for marine biology 

5. Assistance received from UNEP/MAP towards the compilation of the present report 

In regard to the development of the Report on the Implementation of the Protocol concerning specially 

protected areas and biological diversity in Mediterranean has been received assistance from UNEP/MAP as 

it is specified in Part 1-General information of the Biennial National report on the implementation of the 

Conventions and Protocols. 

6. List of Specially Protected Areas established in terms of Article 5 (unless already covered by national 

biennial report on implementation of Convention and protocols) 

The List of Protected Areas relevant for Coastal Area proclaimed by national legislation: 

1. Protected Areas of International Importance 

a) UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage sites 

- Kotor – Risan Bay. Commune: Kotor, Area: 15.000 ha, Altitudes: 0-766m above the sea, UNESCO site 

since 1979 

- Town Kotor. Included on the List of Endangered World Natural and Cultural Heritage (UNESCO) since 

1979 

b) Ramsar sites 

- Skadar Lake 

2. National parks 

-Lovcen 

3. Special Nature Reserves - Ornithological Reserves 

-Manastirska tapija - flooded forest near Vranjina on Skadar Lake, 

-Pancova oka and Crni žar - marshlands on Skadar Lake, 

-Grmožur island and Tanki rt cape on Skadar Lake and 

-Botanical reserve Laurel-Oleander association above Sopot near Risan 

4. Natural Monuments 

-Trebjesa hill in Niksic (156 ha) 

-Botanical Garden in Grahovo 

a) Natural Sand Beaches 

-Velika ulcinjska beach (600 ha) 

-Mala ulcinjska beach (1,5 ha) 

-Beach Valdanos ( 3 ha) 

-Velji pijesak beach (0,5 ha) 

-Beach Topolica (2 ha) 

-Beach in Sutomore (4 ha) 

-Lucice Beach ( 0,9 ha), 

-Beach Canj (3,5 ha), 

-Beach Pecin (1,5 ha), 

-Beach Buljarica( 4 ha), 

-Beach in Petrovac (1,5 ha), 

-Drobni pijesak beach (1 ha) 

-Sveti Stefan beach (4 ha), 

-Milocer beach (1 ha), 

-Becici beach (5 ha), 

-Slovenska plaza beach (4 ha), 

-Mogren beach (2 ha), 

-Beach Jaz (4 ha) 

-Przno beach (2 ha) 

b) City Parks: 

-"13 jul" (3.63 ha) and Njegošev park (4,20 ha) on Cetinje, 

-Park near hotel "Boka" in Herceg Novi (1,20 ha);


Annex III 

Page 225 

-City park in Tivat (3,00 ha); 

-Park of the Castle on Topolica in Bar (2,00 ha) 

c).Caves: 

-Lipska cave near Cetinje; 

-Globocica, Babutuša and Špilja near Trnovo village -Virpazar; 

-Duboki do hole in Njeguši – Cetinje 

d). Recreational Area 

-Savinska dubrava hill in Herceg Novi (5 ha) 

e) Protected Landscapes / Seascapes: 

-Spas hill near Budva (131 ha), 

-Ratac Cape including Zukotrljica (30 ha), 

-Stari Ulcinj island (2,5 ha) 

5. Proposal made for inclusion of areas under national jurisdiction proposed in SPAMI list (Article 9 (a)) 

a) Date of proposal/s 


b) Areas proposed (attach list) 


6. SPAMI list: 

a) The status and state of the areas under national jurisdiction included in the SPAMI list (Article 23 (a)) 


b) Any changes in the delimitation or legal status of such SPAMIs (Article 23 (b)) 


7. Any changes in the delimitation or legal status of protected species 


8. New records of non-indigenous or genetically modified species likely to cause damage (Article 13.2) 


9. Inventories of components of biological diversity (Article 15) 

a) Date of compilation or updating of inventory of areas containing rare fragile ecosystems 

Existing inventories are not completed, information are fragmented and mostly outdate. GIS doesn't exist in 

any software platform. 

Inventories for areas important for conservation i.e. Protected areas are not fully completed. Most of 

Inventories for Protected areas on the Coastal stripe were established in 1968 and poorly maintained. The 

loss of interest for regular updating of these inventories by Institute for the Protection of Nature can be 

explained by the change of the formal (previously established) status / regime of protection for these 


b) Date of compilation or updating of inventory of threatened or endangered flora and or fauna 

The waters of Adriatic Sea have a high level of biological diversity, but relevant data are widely spread in 

specialized institutional and national periodicals and publications. The following species are recognized as 

most endangered or rare, i.e. species are important for protection and conservation: 

Coastal Biodiversity 

Halophyte vegetation on dunes (Velika Plaza), sand - gravel beaches (Buljarica) and clay-mud soil (Solila) 

Forest fragments of Skadar Oak (Quercus robur scutariensis) in Stoj ( in the rear of Velika Plaza, Ulcinj) 

Migratory bird species, endangered by hunting on the following locations: Ulcinj (Stoj, Spatula, Sasko lake), 

Buljarica and Solila. 

Marine Biodiversity 

Posidonia oceanica is very rare and its bed are endangered at all locations in the Bay of Boka Kotorska. 

Also, following species are considered as threatened or endangered i : 

Angiospermae: Zostera noltii 

Algal: Cystoseira spinosa 

Porifera: Aplysina sp., Axinella cannabina 

Echinodermata: Ophidiaster ophidianus 

Molluscs: Lithophaga lithophaga, Luria lurida, Mitra zonata, Pinna nobilis, 

Pisces: Acipenser naccarii, Acipenser sturio, Cetorhinus maximus, Carcharodon carcharias, 

Hippocampus hippocampus, Huso huso, Mobula mobular 

c) Attach inventory/inventories, unless already previously submitted in ad hoc report 

Not aplicable 

10. Exemptions granted from protection measures (Article 12, 18,23(c )) 

Not aplicable 

11. Implementation of the action plans treated species adopted within the framework of MAP 

Within the framework of MAP, National SAP BIO Correspondent and two national experts National Report 

(NR) has been prepared jointly National Report of status, problems and conservations of costal and marine


Annex III 

Page 226 

biodiversity in Montenegro (NR) engaged by RAC/SPA. The consensus on the final version of the document 

was achieved through a consultative process that included representatives from relevant departments in the 

Ministry for Environmental Protection and Physical Planning. 

The NR is supposed to constitute a major input for preparing the SAP BIO on the regional level and at the 

same time it should present a list of processes and priority actions to be carried out at national level. 

NR is supposed to be one of the essential tools for governmental bodies, scientific institutions and NGO’s in 

the planning and implementation of conservation activities on Montenegrin Coastal Area. Also, the NR 

should be used by local communities in their planning process as well as by all the different local companies 

running their activities on the Coastal area. At the same time, outputs of the NR need to be integrated in the 

forthcoming process of preparation of BSAP for Montenegro, scheduled for the year 2004. 

12. Implementation of the relevant recommendations of Contracting Parties not already included in national 

biennial report on implementation of Convention and Protocols 

Appendix to the Report on the technical implementation of the Specially Protected Areas Protocol 

Report on Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMIS) under the jurisdiction of more 

than one country 

Not applied in Serbia and Montenegro, up to the present, all protected areas are subject to the exclusive 

jurisdiction of State Union of Serbia and Montenegro and not to the jurisdiction of more than one country.

NATIONAL REPORT 


Annex III 

Page 227 


THE MEDITERRANEAN 

XXXIII. General information 

1. Country 

Republic of Slovenia . 

2. Period covered by the report 

1 st June 2003 to 28 February 2005. 

3. National body responsible for drawing up the report. . 

Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation, Regional Office Piran, Tartinijev trg 

12, 6330 Piran, R Slovenia 

Robert Turk, M.Sc., Head of the Regional Unit Piran, NFP for SPA 



XXXIV. Legal and/or administrative measures taken under the terms of the Protocol 27 




During the period under review, several legal and administrative measures have been promulgated in the 

framework of nature conservation, that have a direct or indirect influence on marine and coastal areas, their 

habitat types and species. To be mentioned especially the updated Nature Conservation Act (August 2004). 

Its provisions define that the areas with a particular natural value as well as proper conservation measures, 

have to be included in all physical plans adopted on state or municipal level. The other legislative measures 

to be mentioned are the Decree on Habitat Types (November 2003), Decree on Ecologically Important 

Areas (April 2004), Decree on Natura 2000 Sites (April 2004), Decree on protected animal species (April 

2004), Decree on protected plant species (April 2004) and finally the Regulation on the protection of 

valuable natural features (October 2004). 


During the period under review a new governmental decree on the establishment of the Strunjan 

Landscape Park was adopted. The decree replaces and upgrades the existing municipal decree, 

adopted in 1990. The Park includes also the Nature reserve Strunjan and the Nature reserve 

Strunjan-Stjuža. The first is a marine and coastal reserve while the second one (proposed 

Natura 2000 site) encompasses a coastal lagoon (Stjuža) and the Strunjan salinas. The 

provisions of the new decree define new conservation measures, monitoring and what is most 

important they provide the legal basis for the management of the protected area. 


The protection measures, which are listed in article 6 of the Protocol and should be implemented 

in specially protected areas, are included in the existing legal acts on the establishment of the 

Slovene coastal and marine protected areas. The mentioned legal acts were adopted mainly in 

1990 and 1991. The implementation of the protection, provided for in the legal acts differs from 

one area to another and it depends mainly on the existence of a management body. However, 

all the protections measures reffered to in the article 6 are included in the adopted legal acts on 

the establishment of single protected areas. 

149. Concerning planning, management, supervision and monitoring of the specially protected areas 

(article 7); 

The planning, management, supervision and monitoring measures for the specially protected 

areas that do not have a management body are partly included in the guidelines that the Institute 

of the Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation is drafting in the spatial planning process. In 

order to be adopted, the spatial plans have to include the nature conservation measures, defined 

in the guidelines. However due to the absence of concrete management of these areas, the 

efficiency of the above mentioned measures is not satisfaying. 



Annex III 

Page 228 

There are currently two protected areas that do have a management body – the Škocjanski 

zatok Nature reserve (brakish lagoon) and the Sečoveljske soline Landscape Park (salt-works). 

They both have a conservation and development plans that include development, conservation 

and monitoring measures as well as activities concerning the involvement of local communities 

and populations and regulation of activities that could have a negative impact on nature 

conservation. 


As stated above in paragraph 6, two governmental decrees were adopted during the period 

under review – the Decree on protected animal species and the Decree on protected plant 

species (both from April 2004). Both decrees include all the species that are listed in the 

annexes to the Protocol and regulate or prohibit among others the taking, possession, killing, 

trade, transport and exhibition for commercial purposes of protected species, their eggs, parts 

and products, the disturbance of wild fauna during critical biological periods and the destruction 

or disturbance of species of protected flora. 


(article 13); 

The introduction of non-indigenous or genetically modified species is regulated by the Nature 

Conservation Act, adopted by the Slovene parliament in August 2004. According to the 

mentioned act the introduction of non-indigenous animal or plant species is prohibited. The 

introduction might be permitted in case that it does not have a negative impact on the elements 

of biodiversity. 


XXXV. Technical application of the protocol 


Cape Madona Natural Monument 

(marine; established in 1990), 

Debeli rtič natural monument 

(marine and coastal; established in 1991 by the Municipality of Koper) 

Sečovlje salt-works Landscape Park 

(coastal; established in 1990 by the Municipality of Piran; new governmental decree in 

2001; Ramsar site from 1993; proposed Natura 2000 site) 

Strunjan Landscape Park 

(coastal and marine; established in 1990 by the Municipalities of Piran and Izola; new 

governmental decree in 2004) 

Strunjan Nature Reserve 

(marine and coastal; part of the Strunjan Landscape Park; established in 1990 by the 

Municipalities of Piran and Izola; new governmental decree in 2004), 

Strunjan - Stjuža Nature Reserve 

(coastal and marine; part of the Strunjan Landscape Park; established in 1990 by the 

Municipality of Piran; new governmental decree in 2004), 

Škocjanski zatok Nature Reserve 

(coastal; established in 1998, law by the Slovene Parliament) 


No proposals were made up to now to include any of the above listed areas on the SPAMI list 

although some of them certanly meet the requested criteria. A proposal for the inclusion of the 

Strunjan Landscape Park on the SPAMI list is foreseen in the forthcoming biennium. 



No changes have been made to the legal status of protected species during the period under 

review. 


13.2). 

No information on the presence of new non-indigenous or genetically modified species, liable to 

be harmful, is available during the period under review..


Annex III 

Page 229 


Beside the protected areas, listed under chapter III., paragraph 13, there are other areas 

containing rare or fragile ecosystems listed either in the Decree on Ecologically Important Areas 

or in the Regulation on the protection of valuable natural features (see chapter II., paragraph 6). 

In this way all the areas of conservation interest are listed in at least one of the above mentioned 

legal acts. Beside that, activities are been carried out in oreder to complete the inventory of sites 

of conservation interst using the standard data format. The inventory should be completed 

before May 2005. 




There are currently three NGOs working on dolphins and there was a first meeting in order to define the 

basis for a national Action Plan. The NGOs are working mainly on the status of the dolphin population in 

the Slovene waters and on raising public awareness. In 2004, a visit of a representative of the 

ACCOBAMS was organised by one of the NGOs. 


No activities were undertaken since there are no monk seals in the Northern Adriatic. 


In the period, covered by this report, the activities were mainly the same as in theprevious 

biennium: gathering information’s on turtles caught by fishermen, their tagging and their 

release. Beside that an exhibition on Mediterranean marine turtles was put up in 

December 2004 and will be moved throughout Slovenia in 2005. The activities were 

carried out by the Piran Aquarium in collaboration with the Institute of the Republic of 

Slovenia for Nature Conservation, Regional Unit Piran and the Marine Biology Station. 

New developments are foreseen in 2005, including telemetry, thanks to the continuation of 

the financial support of the company Petrol. The data achieved through this project will 

allow the drafting of a national Action Plan. 


No national Action Plan was drafted yet. However important activities were carried out concerning 

Posidonia oceanica. A Memorandum of Understanding concluded between the Principality of Monaco, 

RAC/SPA and the Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation, enabled the Institute of 

the Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation to carry out activities in 2003 concerning research, 

cartography, marking of the lower limit of the meadow, monitoring and awareness. In 2004 activities 

were started in order to achieve DOF for the whole Slovenian coast in order to be able to elaborate a 

first draft of the marine habitat types. 

Action plan for the conservation of cartilaginous fish (condrichtyans) in the Mediterranean 

sea 

No activities were undertaken on the subject yet. A first evaluation of the status of the 

endangered species of cartilaginous fish still has to be done in order to define activities to 

be included in the Action Plan (see also Chapter IV) 



No major activities were undertaken concerning the drafting of an action Plan. A draft list 

concerning introduced species has been elaborated and there are activities concerning 

ballast waters in the framework of the Adriatic-Ionian Initiative (see also Chapter IV) 

Action Plan for the conservation of birds listed in Annex 2 

No specific activities were undertaken in the period covered by this report. Beside the 

general problems mentioned in chapter IV, it has to be underlined that the Republic of 

Slovenia is a Contracting Party to all the relevant conventions concerning bird species 

protection and that is already implementing the due conservation emasures. 


XXXVI. Brief description of all problems or constraints encountered in the application of the 

Protocol 

The problems and constrains concerning the application of the Protocol and the Action Plans 

adopted within, have very different causes, among them also the reorganisation of the field of 

nature conservation that started in 1999 and was succesfully concluded in 2003. However they 

are almost entirely due to the lack of personnel that would be able to work constantly on the 

issue. 

As it was already discussed during the 5 th and the 6 th NFP meetings, the activities needed to be 

carried out in the framework of the Protocol are simply to numerous and too pretentious to be 

regarded only as an adition to the ordinary, everyday work of the institution (person) in charge


Annex III 

Page 230 

for the implementation of the Protocol. The importance of the implementation of the Protocol and 

the Action Plans for the future of the Mediterranean calls for a different approach or status of the 

NFP or the institution in charge. A status that would allow greater intensity and continuity of 

different activities, including national and international coordination and cooperation. 

Piran, 1 st of March 2005



Annex III 

Page 231 

ON THE APPLICATION OF THE PROTOCOL CONCERNING SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 

IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 28 

XXXVII. General information 

1. Country SPAIN 

2. Period covered by the report 

1 st June 2003 to 1 st March 2005. 


Deputy Directorate-General of Widlife. Directorate-General for Biodiversity. Ministry of Environment. 

Gran Vía de San Francisco, 4. E-28005-Madrid (Spain). 

Author of the Report: Javier Pantoja. Spanish Focal Point for Specially Protected Areas. 

4. National body and other organisations and/or institutions that provided data for the establishment of the 

report. 

i. Govern de les Illes Balears. Conselleria de Medio Ambiente. Dirección General de Caza, 

Protección de Especies y Educación Ambiental. Servicio de Protección de Especies. 

ii. Generalitat de Catalunya. Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Vivienda. Dirección General 

del Medio Natural. Servicio de Parques. 

iii. Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Medio Ambiente. Dirección General de la Red de 

Espacios Naturales Protegidos y Servicios Ambientales. 

iv. Generalitat Valenciana. Conselleria de Territorio y Vivienda. Dirección General de Gestión 

del Medio. Servicio de Protección de Especies. 

XXXVIII. Legal and/or administrative measures taken under the terms of the Protocol 29 

162. To protect, preserve and manage marine and coastal areas with a particular natural or cultural value, and to 

protect, preserve and manage endangered or threatened species of marine and coastal fauna and flora 

(article 3) 

During the period covered by this report, the Spanish Ministry of Environment still provides financial support for 

the Mediterranean Database for Cetacean Strandings (MEDACES), developed and co-ordinated by the University of 

Valencia. This Project was adopted in the XII Conference of the Parties, and it was established in the framework of the 

RAC/SPA. At the request of Spain, this Database was adopted also as a Database for the Agreement on the 

Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS). 

A report for the outputs of a research project has been published in 2004. The Research Project deals with the 

Identification of Specially Protected Areas for Cetaceans in the Spanish Mediterranean, and was running for three years, 

being its develop executed by the University of Barcelona, University of Valencia and Autonomous University of Madrid, 

with the technical and financial support of the Ministry of Environment. 

In addition, in 2004 several experiments have been carried out in Formentera (Balearic Islands), with the aim of 

analyse the effectiveness of the Turtle Excluder Device (TED) in trawling fishing gears. 

LIFE SEC Project: The Ministry of Environment is co-funding the Project on “Conservation of cetaceans and sea 

turtles in Andalucía and Murcia”, as well as the Andalucía and Murcia Regional Governments. The Project was presented 

by the Spanish Cetacean Society as a proposal to LIFE-Nature EU Funds, being approved its accomplishment for a 

period of 3 years (2002-2005). In particular, the Directorate-General for Biodiversity is financing the study of interactions 

between dolphins and fisheries. It is desirable with this action to determine the diets of harbour porpoises, common 

dolphins and bottlenosed dolphins, identifying any type of competition between these cetaceans and fishermen due to the 








29 In the case of legal measures, it is requested tHst a copy of the enacted law be attached to this 

report or Hsnded in during the meeting of National Focal Points.


Annex III 

Page 232 

trophic resources. By other hand, it has considered also the areas with more fishing effort and those which are grounds 

areas for the cetaceans, and the possible presence of overlapping between the areas mentioned. With these results, it 

could identify the level of competition due to the resources between cetaceans and fisheries, and the effect of the 

overlapping using the resources could be the origin of current conflicts or even potential ones. This product could permit 

the adequate management in those areas, taking into account the need of measures of conservation for the species, and 

the socioeconomics aspects of the concerned human communities. 

LIFE SEO/Birdlife Project: The Ministry of Environment is also co-funding the Project on “Identification of 

Important Marine Areas for Birds in the Spanish territorial waters”. The Spanish Ornithological Society has presented the 

Project as a proposal to LIFE-Nature, being approved its elaboration for a period of 4 years (2004-2008). 

Currently the following species, sub-species and populations are including in the National Catalogue on 

Threatened Species: 

IN DANGER OF EXTINCTION 

INVERTEBRATES: Patella candei candei, Panulirus echinatus, Patella ferruginea, Munidopsis polimorpha, 

Speleonectes ondinae 

VERTEBRATES: 

Fish: Petromyzon marinus (Guadiana River, Guadalquivir River, Southern Basin, Ebro River), Acipenser sturio 

Mammals: Monachus monachus, Eubalaena glacialis 

SENSIBLE TO THE HABITAT DEGRADATION 

FLORA: Zostera noltii (Canary Islands) 

INVERTEBRATES: Asterina pancerii 

VERTEBRATES: 

Mammals: Megaptera novaeangliae (peninsular Atlantic Sea, Mediterranean Sea) 

VULNERABLE 

INVERTEBRATES: Pinna nobilis, Charonia lampas lampas, Dendropoma petraeum, Astroides calycularis 

VERTEBRATES: 

Fish: Chilomycterus atringa 

Mammals: Globicephala macrorhynchus (Canary Islands), Balaenoptera physalus, Balaenoptera musculus, 

Balaenoptera borealis, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, Physeter macrocepHslus, Tursiops truncatus, Delphinus delphis 

(Mediterranean Sea), Phocoena phocoena 

OF SPECIAL INTEREST 

INVERTEBRATES: Centrostephanus longispinus 

VERTEBRATES: 

Reptiles: Dermochelys coriacea, Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas, Eretmochelys imbricata 

Mammals: Globicephala macrorhynchus (peninsular Atlantic Sea, Mediterranean Sea), Megaptera 

novaeangliae (Canary Islands), Kogia breviceps, Orcinus orca, Globicephala melas, Grampus griseus, Delphinus delphis 

(Atlantic Sea), Stenella coeruleoalba 

Since 1982 the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the Regional Governments have been 

established in Spain 20 Marine Reserves for Fisheries, 15 are located in the Mediterranean. These Marine Reserves are 

not considered Marine Protected Areas because of the legal basis is the legislation on fisheries. During the period 

covered by this report it have been established two new Marine Reserves for Fisheries, these are Illa del Toro Marine 

Reserve and Illes Malgrats Marine Reserve, both are located in the Balearic Islands. 

At regional level, every Regional Government supports research studies on cetaceans and other marine 

species in the field of their competence, and also it is in charge of the maintenance of the Rescue Centres Network of 

threatened marine species, where the stranded sea turtles and cetaceans are relocated for their recovery and later 

release in the sea. 

The following projects are ongoing during the period covered for this report, with the financial support of the 

LIFE-Nature European Fund: 

Name of the Project Region Project 

Develop Period 

Total 

Amount 

Percent 

age EU Financial

Conservation of Aphanius iberus 

genetic stocks 

Recovery of the Littoral Sand 

Dunes with Juniperus spp in Valencia 

Recovery of a Priority Habitat in 

l’Albufera Natural Park 

Important Bird Areas for Seabirds 

(Marine IBAs) in Spain 

Conservation of Larus audouinii in 

Spain (Isla Grosa, Murcia) 

Murcia Region 01/01/200 

5- 31/12/2008 

Valencia Region 01/10/200 

4- 31/12/2008 

Valencia Region 31/10/200 

4-30/09/2008 

The whole riparian 

01/10/200 

Regions (SEO/Birdlife) 

4-01/10/2008 

Murcia Region 01/01/200 

4- 31/12/2007 


Annex III 

Page 233 

68 € 

16 € 

72 € 

10 € 

942,824 € 

1,148,6 

3,278,2 

1,061,9 

1,091,9 

Support 

574,334 € 

1,639,1 

08 € 

796,479 € 

779,910 € 

707,118 € 

In a joint action, the Ministry of Environment and the Regional Governments are formulated the Strategy for the 

conservation of the shearwater (Puffinus spss.) 

Balearic Islands: In 2004 it has been approved the Decree 65/2004, of 2 of July 2004, for the establishment of 

the Shearwater Recovery Plan. Currently the Audouin’s Gull (Larus audouinii) and the Shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) 

Recovery Plans are being made. 


During the period covered for this report, it has been declared the following areas as protected areas within 

the basis of the environmental legislation at national and regional level: 

ANDALOUSIA 

Name of Protected Area Category of protection Date of declaration 

Alborán Natural Site 25/06/2003 

Dunas de Artola o Cabopino Natural Monument 09/09/2003 

Isla de San Andrés Natural Monument 09/09/2003 

BALEARIC ISLANDS 

Name of Protected Area Category of protection Date of declaration 

Illa den Colom Natural Reserve 10/06/2003 



the provisions of article 6 of the protocol within the specially protected areas, and in particular the measures 

concerning: 

a) Strengthening the application of the other Protocols to the Convention and of other relevant 

treaties to which they are Parties (article 6 a); 

In general terms, those human activities which could affect any Protected Area are regulated, and 

it is subject to the Declaration Rules. 

b) Prohibiting the dumping or discharge of wastes liable to harm the protected areas (article 6 b); 

It is applied the sectorial regulation on dumping and discharge of wastes. In general terms, those 

human activities which could affect any Protected Area are regulated, and it is subject to the 

Declaration Rules. 

c) Regulating the passage of ships (article 6 c); 

In general terms, those human activities which could affect any Protected Area because of 

shipping and other human activities are regulated, and it is subject to the Declaration Rules. 


Currently it is regulated or prohibited the introduction of non-indigenous and genetically modified 

species in any Protected Area, as it has been stated in the national, regional and specific 

Regulations. 



it is subject to the Declaration Rules.


Annex III 

Page 234 


In general terms, those human activities which could affect any Protected Area because of 

scientific research are regulated, and it is subject to the Declaration Rules. It is necessary the 

request of a special administrative permission from the authorities concerned. 

g) Regulating fishing, hunting, the taking of animals, and the harvesting of plants as well as the trade 

in animals or parts of animals, of plants or parts of plants coming from the protected areas. 


it is subject to the Declaration Rules. Fishing and hunting should have specific temporary 

permission. 

165. Concerning planning, management supervision and monitoring of the specially protected areas (article 7); 

In the Management and Advisory bodies are included representatives from the all stakeholder groups. 

Protected Areas financial support is a Regional Governments competence, except to Cabrera Archipelago 

National Park, which is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Environment. In some cases, certain research 

projects or management projects in the Protected Areas are possible thanks to the availability of LIFE-Nature 

to finance the accomplishment of the projects. 

During the period covered for this report the following Management Plans have been ellaborated: 

Catalonia: The Special Protection Plan on Natural Environment and Landscape of the Cabo de Creus SPAMI 

was initially approved through the Resolution MAB/173/2003, of 15 January 2003, stated in the Catalonia 

Regional Government. Initial approval means that the Resolution is subject to the last stage of proceedings. 

On the other hand, the Islas Medes SPAMI Management Plan was approved on the 28 th July 2004 by the 

Advisor Council of Islas Medes Protected Area. 


Instrument of Ratification, December 2003, of the Agreement on Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels 

ratified in Canberra (Australia) in 2002. 

Second Meeting of the Parties Agreement on the Conservation of Cetacean of the Black Sea, Mediterranean 

Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS) hosted by the Spanish Government in Palma de Mallorca, 

November 2004. 

An Inventory and Monitoring Project for Patella ferruginea is ongoing. A Strategy on the Conservation of 

Patella ferruginea will be accomplished within two years. 

A Monitoring, Surveillance and Control Network for Posidonia oceanica meadows has carried out. The 

Network includes research stations for taking periodical samples. During the period covered by this report, 

the network and the research stations have been established in the Balearic Islands. 

Andalousia: It has been established the Act 8/2003, of 28 October 2003, on wild flora and fauna. 

Balearic Islands: The Recovery Plan for the species Puffinus mauretanicus deals with the regulation of some 

aspects related to captures due to scientific purposes, and some aspects on the protection of populations. 

Currently it is accomplished a Decree for the Balearic Catalogue of Threatened and of Special Interest 

Species. 


(article 13); 

Act 4/1989, of 27 May 1989, on the conservation of protected areas and wild fauna and flora, regulates and 

prohibits the introduction of non-indigenous species. 

As a member of the EU, and according to the regulation on international trade of wild species 

(Recommendation 338/97), it could apply limitations to the introduction of specimens if is likely to have a 

harmful effect on the conservation status of the natural species. 

Andalousia: It has been established the Andalussian Plan for the control of exotic and introduction species. 

Valencia Region: It have been accomplished several explorations in the littoral in order to implement a 

Monitoring Program for the distribution of Caulerpa racemosa.



Annex III 

Page 235 

According to the adopted conservation measures, traditional activities of the indigenous human population 

are subject to a permission submitted by the regional and national competent authorities. 

XXXIX. Technical application of the protocol 


170. 

- Protected Areas List based on national or regional legislation: 

ANDALOUSIA 

NAME CATEGORY OF PROTECTION MARITIME-TERRESTRIAL 

AREA (Hs) 

Albufera de Adra Natural Reserve 65 

Punta Entinas-Sabinar Natural Reserve 785 

Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park 45.663 

Punta Entinas-Sabinar Natural Site 1.960 

Estuario del río Guadiaro Natural Site 27 

Marismas del río Palmones Natural Site 58 

Playa de Los Lances Natural Site 226 

Acantilados de Maro-Cerro Gordo Natural Site 695 

Desembocadura del Guadalhorce Natural Site 67 

Arrecife-barrera de Posidonia Natural Monument 1.080,01 

Isla de Terreros e Isla Negra Natural Monument 1,72 

Peñones de San Cristóbal Natural Monument- 

Estrecho Natural Park 18.931 

Alborán (*) Natural Site 26.456,7 


AREA (Hs) 

Dunas de Artola o Cabopino (*) Natural Monument 0,7 

Isla de San Andrés (*) Natural Monument 7,03 

MURCIA REGION 


AREA (Hs) 

Cabo Cope-Puntas de Calnegre Regional Park 2.936 

Calblanque, Monte de las Cenizas y 

Peña del Águila Regional Park 2.453 

Cuatro Calas Protected Landscape 240 

Espacios Abiertos e Islas del Mar Menor Protected Landscape 1.153,8 

Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro 

del Pinatar Regional Park 856 

Las Moreras Protected Landscape 1.960 

Islas e islotes del litoral Mediterráneo Protected Area with non-categor of protection assigned 

Sierra de La Muela y Cabo Tiñoso Protected Area with non-category of protection assigned 

VALENCIA REGION 


AREA (Hs) 

Cabo de San Antonio Natural Reserve 

Isla de Tabarca Natural Reserve 60 

Islas Columbretes Natural Reserve 2.500 

Penyal d’Ifac Natural Park 35 

Montgó Natural Park 2.200 

L’Albufera Natural Park 21.000 

Salinas de Santa Pola Natural Park 2.496,7 

Prat de Cabanes-Torreblanca Natural Park 812 

Clot de la Mare de Dèu Municipal Natural Site - 

Sierra de Irta Natural Park 12.000 

Irta Marine Natural Reserve - 

CATALONIA 


AREA (Hs) 

Estación Biológica El Canal Vell Wild Fauna Natural Reserve 

Punta del Fangar Wild Fauna Natural Reserve 

Isla de Sant Antoni Wild Fauna Natural Reserve 170 

Delta del Ebre Natural Park 7.736 

Illa de Sapinya Partial Natural Reserve 

Punta de la Banya Partial Natural Reserve 

Aiguamolls de l’Empordà Natural Park 4.866 

Els Estanys Integral Natural Reserve 

Illa de Caramany Integral Natural Reserve 

Illa de Caramany (ribera) Partial Natural Reserve 

Les Llaunes Integral Natural Reserve


Annex III 

Page 236 

Illes Medes Marine Reserve 418 

Remolar-Filipines (Delta del Llobregat) Partial Natural Reserve 

Ricarda-Ca l’Arana (Delta del Llobregat) Partial Natural Reserve 288 

Llacuna de Tancada Wild Fauna Natural Reserve 312 

Illa de Buda y lagunas de Els Calaixos Wild Fauna Natural Reserve 897 

Delta del río Gaia Wild Fauna Natural Reserve 

Cap de Creus Natural Park 13.886 


AREA (Hs) 

Cap Norfeu Integral Natural Reserve 

Cap Gros-Cap de Creus Natural Site of National Interest 

Punta Falconera- Cap Norfeu Natural Site of National Interest 



AREA (Hs) 

S’Albufera de Mallorca Natural Park 1.708 

Archipelago de Cabrera National Park 10.021 

Mondragó Natural Park 785 

Sa Dragonera Natural Park 288 

S’Albufera des Grau, Illa d’en Colom i 

Cap Favàritx Natural Park 1.790 

S’Albufereta Natural Reserve 506,6 

Cap des Freu Natural Reserve 

Cap Farrutx Natural Reserve 

Peninsula de Levant Natural Park 

Estany Pudent y otros Natural Reserve 836 

Ses Salines de Eivissa y Formentera Natural Park 1.076 

Cala d’Hort, Cap Llentrisca y Sa Talaia Natural Park 2.773,31 

Es Vedrà y Es Vedranell Natural Reserve 79,39 

Islotes de Ponent Natural Reserve 154,94 

Illa den Colom (*) Natural Reserve 55,21 

Note: Declared Protected Areas during the period covered for the current report are noted with an asterisk (*). 

- Proposals of Sites of Community Importance (SCIs), Council Directive 92/43/CEE: 

ANDALOUSIA 

CODE NAME MARITIME-TERRESTRIAL 

AREA (Hs) 

ES0000046 Cabo de Gata-Níjar 49.547,1 

ES0000048 Punta Entinas-Sabinar 1.746,3 

ES6110001 Albufera de Adra 135,3 

ES6110005 Sierra de Cabrera-Bédar 33.578,6 

ES6110009 Fondos marinos de Punta Entinas - Sabinar 1.946,4 

ES6110010 Fondos marinos del Levante Almeriense 6.313,5 

ES6110012 Sierras Almagrera, de los Pinos y El Aguilón 5.885,9 

ES6110015 Isla de Alborán 26.456,6 

ES6110019 Arrecifes de Roquetas de Mar 204,5 

ES6110020 Islote de San Andrés 35,4 

ES6120003 Estuario del río Guadiaro 35,5 

ES6120006 Marismas del río Palmones 57,5 

ES6120007 Playa de los Lances 234,2 

ES6120012 Frente litoral del estrecho de Gibraltar 26.097,8 

ES6140013 Fondos marinos Tesorillo - Salobreña 1.013,0 

ES6140014 Fondos marinos Calahonda – Castell de Ferro 868,8 

ES6140016 Fondos marinos de la Punta de la Mona 109,7 

ES6170002 Acantilados de Maro - Cerro Gordo 1.789,6 

ES6170030 Calahonda 483,8 

ES6170036 Fondos marinos de la bahía de Estepona 552,6 


CODE NAME MARITIME-TERRESTRIAL AREA (Hs) 

ES0000037 Es Trenc - Salobrar de Campos 1.451,9 

ES0000038 S'albufera 2.217,4 

ES0000073 Costa Brava de Mallorca 8.121,0 

ES0000074 Cap de Cala Figuera 797,6 

ES0000078 Es Vedar - Es Vedranell 637,4 

ES0000079 La Victoria 1.002,7 

ES0000080 Cap Vermell 78,0 

ES0000081 Cap Enderrocat - Cap Blanc 6.059,9 

ES0000082 Tagomago 556,2 

ES0000083 Arxipélag de Cabrera 20.664,6 

ES0000084 Ses Salines d'Eivissa i Formentera 16.487,0 

ES0000145 Mondragó 754,5 

ES0000221 Sa Dragonera 1.278,5 

ES0000222 La Trapa 433,7 

ES0000225 Sa Costera 788,6 

ES0000226 L'Albufereta 445,8


Annex III 

Page 237 

ES0000227 Muntanyes d'Artá 14.811,5 

ES0000228 Cap de Ses Salines 3.751,4 

ES0000229 Costa Nord de Ciutadella 688,6 

ES0000230 La Vall 3.145,7 

ES0000231 Dels Alocs a Fornells 2.705,3 

ES0000232 La Mola i s'Albufera de Fornells 1.528,2 

ES0000233 D'Addaia a s'Albufera 2.834,8 

ES0000234 S'Albufera des Grau 2.561,0 

ES0000235 De s'Albufera a Sa Mola 2.004,1 

ES0000236 Illa de l'Aire 31,2 

ES0000237 Des Canutells a Llucalari 1.823,3 

ES0000238 Son Bou i Barranc de Sa Vall 1. 207,9 

ES0000239 De Binigaus a Cala Mitjana 915,0 

ES0000240 Costa Sud de Ciutadella 1.134,3 

ES0000241 Costa dels Amunts 695,3 

ES0000242 Illots de Santa Eularia, Rodona i Es Cana 70,4 

ES5310005 Badies de Pollença i Alcudia 30.955,6 

ES5310023 Illots de Ponent d'Eivissa 2.543,6 

ES5310024 La Mola 2.191,0 

ES5310025 Cap de Barbaria 2.484,2 

ES5310029 Na Borges 4.022,1 

ES5310030 Costa de Llevant 1.849,5 

ES5310031 Purroig 118,3 

ES5310032 Cap Llentrisca - Sa Talaia 3.125,8 

ES5310033 Xarraca 775,1 

ES5310035 Area marina del Nord de Menorca 5.152,8 

ES5310036 Area marina del Sud de Menorca 2.253,4 

ES5310053 Cova del Dimoni 0,2 

ES5310065 Cova del Drac de Cala Santanyí 0,2 

CATALONIA 


ES5110013 Serres del Litoral Central 9.906,5 

ES5120006 Aigüamolls del Baix Empordà 232,6 

ES5120007 Cap de Creus 12.575,2 


ES5120013 Massis de Cadiretes 8.603,4 

ES5120015 Muntanyes de Begur 2.084,8 

ES5120016 El Montgri - Illes Medes 5.140,1 

ES5120019 Aigüamolls de l'Alt Empordà 4.760,5 

ES5140001 Cap de Santes Creus 216,9 

ES5140007 Litoral tarragoni 1.189,1 

ES5140013 Delta de l'Ebre 10.869,6 

CEUTA 


ES6310001 Calamocarro – Benzú 601,8 

ES6310002 Zona marítimo terrestre del Monte Hacho 864,9 

MELILLA 


ES6320001 Zona marítimo terrestre de los Acantilados de Aguadú 56,1 

ES6320002 Barranco del Nano 35,5 

MURCIA REGION 


ES0000175 Salinas y arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar 840,1 

ES6200001 Calblanque, Monte de las Cenizas y Peña del Águila 2.822,2 

ES6200006 Espacios abiertos e islas del Mar Menor 891,5 

ES6200007 Islas e islotes del litoral mediterráneo 42,2 

ES6200010 Cuatro Calas 173,2 

ES6200012 Calnegre 836,6 

ES6200015 La Muela y Cabo Tiñoso 7.776,5 

ES6200024 Cabezo de Roldán 1.233,2 

ES6200025 Sierra de la Fausilla 791,4 

ES6200029 Franja litoral sumergida de la Región de Murcia 12.738,5 

ES6200030 Mar Menor 13.466,7 

ES6200031 Cabo Cope 256,4 

ES6200048 Medio marino 154.632,2 



ES0000023 L'Albufera 27.538,2 

ES0000060 El Prat de Cabanes i Torreblanca 1.940,0 

ES0000061 Les illes Columbretes 12.306,0 

ES0000120 Les Salines de Santa Pola 2.504,1 

ES0000147 La Marjal dels Moros 619,5


Annex III 

Page 238 

ES5211007 El Montgó 2.985,9 

ES5211009 Ifac 993,6 

ES5212005 L'Almadrava 2.239,5 

ES5213018 Penyasegats de la Marina 3.262,1 

ES5213021 Serra Gelada i litoral de la Marina Baixa 5.552,9 

ES5213024 L'Illa de Tabarca 14.556,1 

ES5213025 Dunes de Guardamar 726,2 

ES5213032 Cap de l'Horta 4.253,2 

ES5213033 Cabo Roig 4.686,5 

ES5222003 Desembocadura del Millars 345,8 


ES5222005 La Marjal de Nules 644,4 

ES5222007 Alguers de Borriana – Nules - Moncofa 4.082,0 

ES5223007 La Marjal d'Almenara 1.498,0 

ES5223036 Serra d'Irta 9.797,5 

ES5223037 Costa d'Orpesa i Benicássim 1.326,0 

ES5232010 Cap de Cullera 0,2 

ES5233030 La Marjal de la Safor 3.734,6 E 

S5233038 Dunes de la Safor 85,9 

- Special Protection Areas for Birds SPAs, Council Directive 79/409: 

ANDALOUSIA 


ES0000046 Cabo de Gata - Níjar 49.547,1 

ES0000048 Punta Entinas - Sabinar 1.944,76 

ES0000336 Isla de Alborán 7,88 

ES0000337 Estrecho 19.176,57 

ES6110001 Albufera de Adra 135,27 

ES6120003 Estuario del río Guadiaro 35,54 

ES6120006 Marismas del río Palmones 57,48 



ES0000037 Es Trenc - Salobrar de Campos 1.442,3 

ES0000038 S'Albufera de Mallorca 2.388 

ES0000073 Costa Brava de Mallorca 8.052,9 

ES0000074 Cap de Cala Figuera 777,1 

ES0000078 Es Vedar - Vedranell 636 

ES0000079 La Victòria 2.500 

ES0000080 Cap Vermell 72,27 

ES0000081 Cap Enderrocat - Cap Blanc 6.025,8 

ES0000082 Tagomago 554,2 

ES0000083 Arxipèlag de Cabrera 20.540,2 

ES0000084 Ses Salines d'Eivissa i Formentera 16.434,8 

ES0000145 Mondragó 741 

ES0000221 Sa Dragonera 1.272,1 

ES0000222 La Trapa 431,4 

ES0000223 Sa Foradada 108,7 

ES0000224 Muleta 163 

ES0000225 Sa Costera 783,9 

ES0000226 L'Albufereta 506 

ES0000227 Muntanyes d'Artà 14.698 

ES0000228 Cap de Ses Salines 3.716,9 

ES0000229 Costa Nord de Ciutadella 682,8 

ES0000230 La Vall 3.119,1 

ES0000231 Dels Alocs a Fornells 2.655,7 

ES0000232 La Mola i s'Albufera de Fornells 1.516,1 

ES0000233 D'Addaia a s'Albufera 2.809,1 

ES0000234 S'Albufera des Grau 3.541,7 

ES0000235 De s'Albufera a Sa Mola 1.974,6 

ES0000236 Illa de l'Aire 24,71 

ES0000237 Des Canutells a Llucalari 1.812,8 

ES0000238 Son Bou i barranc de Sa Vall 1.212,3 


ES0000239 De Binigaus a Cala Mitjana 1.839,2 

ES0000240 Costa Sud de Ciutadella 1.124,6 

ES0000241 Costa dels Amunts 693,21 

ES0000242 Illots de Santa Eularia, Rodona i Es Cana 76,18 

ES5310023 Illots de Ponent d'Eivissa 2.537 

ES5310024 La Mola 2.183 

ES5310025 Cap de Barbaria 2.476,6 

CATALONIA 


ES0000146 Delta del Llobregat 584,6 

ES0000019 Aigüamolls de l'Alt Empordà 4.730,9

ES0000020 Delta de l'Ebre 7.811,2 

CEUTA 


ES6310001 Calamocarro – Benzú 601,8 

ES0000197 Acantilados del Monte Hscho 32,61 

MELILLA 


ES0000036 Islas Chafarinas 50 

MURCIA REGION 


ES0000175 Salinas y arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar 841 

ES0000199 Sierra de la Fausilla 791 

ES0000200 Isla Grosa 18 

ES0000256 Islas Hormigas 154 

ES0000260 Mar Menor 14.413,6 

ES0000261 Sierra de Almenara, Moreras y Cabo Cope 22.350 

ES0000264 Sierra de la Muela y Cabo Tiñoso 10.925 

ES0000270 Isla Cueva Lobos 28,27 

ES0000271 Isla de las Palomas 28,27 



ES0000120 Salinas de Santa Pola 2.503 

ES0000121 Islotes de Benidorm 7 

ES0000214 Islotes de Tabarca 1 

ES0000060 Prat de Cabanes - Torreblanca 868 

ES0000061 Illes Columbretes 12.306 

ES0000211 Desembocadura del Mijares 352 

ES0000023 L’Albufera 21.120 

ES0000148 Marjal dels Moros 567 


Annex III 

Page 239 

Wetlands of International Importance in the Mediterranean Sea (Ramsar Convention): 

ANDALOUSIA 

NAME COASTAL AREA (Hs) 

Salinas de Cabo de Gata 300 

Albufera de Adra 75 



Salinas de Ibiza y Formentera 1.640 

S’Albufera de Mallorca 1.700 

CATALONIA 


Aiguamolls de l’Empordà 4.784 

Delta del Ebro 7.736 

MURCIA REGION 


Mar Menor 14.933 



Salinas de Santa Pola 2.496 

Prat de Cabanes-Torreblanca 812 

Albufera de Valencia 21.000 

Lagunas de La Mata y Torrevieja 3.693 

- UNESCO – MAB Coastal Biosphere Reserves in the Mediterranean Sea: 


NAME AREA (Hs) 

Menorca 70.200 

ANDALOUSIA 


Cabo de Gata-Níjar 49.624 

- UNESCO’s Coastal Natural World Heritage Sites in the Mediterranean Sea: 



Ibiza, biodiversidad y cultura 8.564 

- Marine Reserves and other Areas for Fisheries: 

ANDALOUSIA 

NAME DATE OF DECLARATION AREA (Hs) 

Cabo de Gata - Níjar 1.995 12.200 

Isla de Alborán 1.997 429 

MURCIA REGION 


Cabo de Palos – Islas Hormigas 1.995 1.898 



Isla de Tabarca 1.986 1.400


Annex III 

Page 240 

Islas Columbretes 1.990 4.400 

Cabo de San Antonio 1.993 250 

CATALONIA 


Islas Medas 1.990 533 

Cap Negre – Pa de Pessic 1.993 15 

Masía Blanca 1.999 43,5 



Freus de Eivissa i Formentera 1.999 13.617 

Norte de Menorca 1.999 5.119 

S’Arenal - Cabo Regana 1.999 2.394 

Migjorn de Mallorca 2.002 22.332 

Illa del Toro (*) 2.004 150 

Illes Malgrats (*) 2.004 100 

Note: Declared Protected Areas during the period covered for the current report are noted with an asterisk (*). 

171. Proposals made to include the areas subject to national jurisdiction on the SPAMI list (Article 9 a) 



NAME REGION PROPOSED DATE DECLARATION DATE 

Archipiélago de Cabrera Balearic Islands 12/06/2003 14/11/2003 

Acantilados de Maro-Cerro Gordo Andalousia 12/06/2003 14/11/2003 

Islas Chafarinas - 12/06/2003 Non-approval 


a) Status and state of the areas under national jurisdiction included on the SPAMI list (article 23a) 


NAME REGION CATEGORY OF PROTECTION DECLARATION DATE 

Isla de Alborán Andalousia Natural Site 17/11/2001 

Cabo de Gata-Níjar Andalousia Natural Park / Marine Reserve 17/11/2001 

Fondos marinos del Levante almeriense Andalousia pSCIs / 2 Natural Monuments 17/11/2001 

Cabo de Creus Catalonia Natural Park / Several Natural Reserves 17/11/2001 

Islas Medes Catalonia Protected Area 17/11/2001 

Islas Columbretes Valencia Region Natural Reserve / Marine Reserve 17/11/2001 

NAME REGION CATEGORY OF PROTECTION DECLARATION DATE 

Mar Menor y zona oriental mediterránea de 

la costa de la Región de Murcia 

Murcia Region Several Protected Areas 17/11/2001 

Archipiélago de Cabrera Balearic Islands National Park 14/11/2003 

Acantilados de Maro-Cerro Gordo Andalousia Natural Site 14/11/2003 

During the period covered for this report, no changes in the limits of the areas have been occurred, although it should be notice that in June 

2003 Isla de Alborán has been declared as Natural Site under the regional legislation. 

In 2004 a leaflet on the existing Spanish SPAMIs has been published, which was widely submitted to the public administrative bodies, other 

institutions and performance reporting in general to the public sector. 


With regard to the marine species conservation, the following species are included in the National Catalogue of Threatened 

Species: 1 phanerogam, 11 invertebrates, 3 fish, 4 reptiles and 17 mammals. 9 of these species are included in the 

category of protection of “in danger of extinction”. All cetaceans are included in the Annexes of the Directive 92/43/CEE, and 

some cetaceans are also included in the National Catalogue of Threatened Species. The fact of being listing in the National 

Catalogue do imply the obligation of elaborating Action Plans for the species for analyzing and later implementation of 

conservation measures in order to avoid populations decrease. 

Balearic Islands: Decree 65/2004, of 2 July 2004, approval of the Recovery Plan for the species Puffinus mauretanicus, 

Balearic shearwater. 

174. New data concerning non-indigenous or genetically modified species liable to be harmful. (Article 13.2). 

The following taxa have been identified in the Spanish Mediterranean Sea, except those which are noted with an asterisk (*). 

Asterisks represent the taxa present in the whole Mediterranean: 

TAXA (MOLLUSCS) SOURCE 

Crepidula aculeata American Atlantic 

Haminoea callidegenita Boreal Pacific, American Atlantic 

Aeolidiella indica Circumtropical 

Crassostrea gigas Boreal Pacific 

Chlamys lischkei American Atlantic 

Petricola pholadiformis American Atlantic 

TAXA (DECAPODS) SOURCE 

Merhippolyte ancistrota Tropical Atlantic 

Processa macrodactyla Tropical Atlantic 

Panulirus regius Tropical Atlantic 

TAXA (DECAPODS) SOURCE 

Scyllarus posteli Tropical Atlantic 

Eriocheir sinensis Boreal Atlantic 

ercnon gibbesi American Atlantic, Tropical Atlantic, Eastern Pacific 

TAXA (FISH) SOURCE 

Carcharhinus altimus Tropical Atlantic 

Carcharhinus falciformis Tropical Atlantic 

Galeocerdo cuvier Tropical Atlantic 

Fistularia petimba Tropical Atlantic

Syngnathus rostellatus Boreal Atlantic 

Scorpaena stepHsnica Tropical Atlantic 

Trachyscorpia cristulata echinata Tropical Atlantic 

Seriola fasciata Tropical Atlantic 

Pseudupeneus prayensis Tropical Atlantic 

Diplodus bellottii Tropical Atlantic 

Pagellus bellottii Tropical Atlantic 

Gymnammodytes semisquamatus Boreal Atlantic 

Psenes pellucidus Tropical Atlantic 

Acanthurus monroviae Tropical Atlantic 

Microchirus (Zevaia) hexophthalmus Tropical Atlantic 

Solea senegalensis Tropical Atlantic 

Synaptura lusitanica Tropical Atlantic 

Sphoeroides pachygaster Tropical Atlantic 

Siganus rivulatus Indo-Pacific 

TAXA 

(MARINE ALGAE & PHANEROGAMS) 

TYPE 

Acrothamnion preissii Invasive 

Caulerpa taxifolia Invasive 

Caulerpa racemosa Invasive 

Womersleyella setacea Caribean Invasive 

Stypopodium schimperi Invasive 

Asparagopsis armata Invasive 

Lophocladia lallemandii Invasive 

Sargassum muticum Invasive 

Hslophila stipulacea Invasive 

Asparagopsis taxiformis Invasive 

Codium fragile Invasive 

Laminaria japonica Introducted 

Undaria pinnafida Introducted 

Chrysymenia whrightii Introducted 

Caulerpa mexicana Invasive /Lessepsian migrant 

Caulerpa escalpelliforme Invasive / Lessepsian migrant 

Padina boergesenii Invasive / Lessepsian migrant 

Acanthophora najadiformes Invasive / Lessepsian migrant 

Hypnea nidifica Invasive / Lessepsian migrant 

Colpomenia peregrina Atlantic Invasive 


Annex III 

Page 241 

Andalousia: In addition to the former list, it have been detected the following coastal exotic and 

introducted species: Penisetum setaceum, Carpobrotus edulis, Opuntia dillenii and Agave siselana. 

Valencia Region: Surveillance Network for the species Caulerpa taxifolia and C. racemosa. It has been 

detected the species Oculina patagonica associated to Dendropoma petraeum. 



An inventory on the natural habitats distribution from Annex I of the Directive 92/43/CEE has been elaborated in order 

to be subject to the application of such Directive. During the period covered for this report, it has been reviewed the 

inventory to modify some mistakes detected once the Directive has been applied. 

In addition, in 2004 it has been presented the publication of a report with the conclusions of a research Project on the 

Identification of Special Protected Areas of Special Interests for Cetaceans in the Spanish Mediterranean (reference: 

Section 1.1). 

In 2004, it has been established the basis for developing the Spanish Inventory of Marine Habitats and Taxa during 

2005 in order to fulfil the obligations issued in the EU Habitat Directive and the Barcelona and OSPAR Conventions. 

b) Date of establishment or updating of the inventory of endangered or threatened species of flora and/or fauna; 

In 2004, it has been published a Guide of Marine Invertebrates and Fish Protected under the national and international 

legislation in collaboration with the National Natural Sciences Museum. 

The following projects have been included in the Spanish Inventory of Marine Habitats and Taxa: 

• Continental Fish Atlas and Red Book of Spain (2000). 

• Amphibia and Reptiles Atlas and Red Book of Spain (2002). 

• Breeding Birds Atlas and Red Book of Spain (2002). 

• Terrestrial Mammals Atlas of Spain (2002). 

• Natural and Seminatural Habitat Atlas of Spain (2002). 

• Threatened Flora Atlas of Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and Canary Islands (2003). 

Balearic Islands: In 2004, it has been started the “BIOATLAS” Project. The aim was to consider a database structure 

for storing information on insular species. Database is combined with a Geographical Information System in UTM 

coordinates. It has been included more than 22.000 data, and it is considered many species listing in the Annexes of 

the Protocol. Nevertheless it has got significant data for few species. Thus it is expected to have more consistent data 

during 2005. 

In relation to cetaceans, a full register contains 26 strandings occurred in 2004. In the case of sea turtles, it has been 

registered 60 strandings of dead individuals and 12 alive, 4 of them have been released and 8 individuals are in 

recovery. 

Valencia Region: It have been reported several research studies on priorities species for conservation, through the coordinating 

bodies the University of Alicante and the University of Valencia. 

The projects are as follows: Assesment of Pinna nobilis current situation and proposal on the conservation for priority 

species in Sierra Gelada SCI and Littoral of Marina Baixa SCI, University of Alicante (2003); applied research on the 

conservation of Pinna nobilis in Valencia, Alicante and Castellón, University of Valencia (2003); assessment of the


Annex III 

Page 242 

populations of vermetids and their influence on the marine biological diversity in SCIs located in Valencia, Alicante and 

Castellón, University of Alicante (2004). 




No available data are related to this section. 


All the Action Plans approved in the framework of MAP (monk seal, cetaceans, sea turtles, marine vegetation, bird 

species listed in Annex 2 of the Protocol, cartilaginous fish, introduction of species and invasive species) have been 

endorsed and developed a set of research and conservation measures as it has stated in sections 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 

16, 17 and 18 of this report. 


Every Regional Government provides a financial support to the Recovery 

Centres. 



Every Regional Government provides a financial support to the Recovery 

Centres. 

tion plan for the conservation of marine vegetation. 

Recovery of seagrasses in Andalousia: Restauration of Posidonia oceanica meadows in Almería and the SPAMI 

Maro-Cerro Gordo Cliffs. 

Action plan for the conservation of birds species listed in Annex 2 of the Protocol 

Andalousia: Monitoring Program on seabirds. 

Valencia Region: In the context of a EU LIFE-Nature Project, it is developing a Program in several fields which deal 

with monitoring, research and conservation for the following species: Shearwater(Puffinus mauritanicus); Cory’s 

shearwater (Calonectris diomedea); Storm petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus); Audouin’s Gull (Larus audouinii), Shag 

(Phalacrocorax aristotelis); Eleonora’s Falcon (Falco eleonorae). 

Action plan for the conservation of cartilaginous fish (condrichtyans) in the Mediterranean sea 


Andalousia: According to the Andalussian Plan of Exotic and Introduced Species, it has been applied a Control 

Program of Exotic Species in Alborán. 


XL. Brief description of all problems or constraints encountered in the application of the Protocol


Annex III 

Page 243 

NATIONAL REPORT OF SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC ON THE APPLICATION OF THE PROTOCOL CONCERNING SPECIALLY 

PROTECTED AREAS AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 

PREPARED 

BY;DR. AKRAM ISSA DARWISH, DIRECTOR OF BIODIVERSITY AND PROTECTED AREAS DIRECTORATE, MINISTRY OF 

LOCAL ADMINISTRATION AND ENVIRONMENT, GENERAL COMMISSION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS 

XLI. General information 

1. Country Syrian Arab Republic 

2. Period covered by the report. : The biennium covered by the report 2003- 2004. 

3. National body responsible for drawing up the report.. . 

Ministry for Local Administration and the Environment, General Commission for Environmental Affairs 

(Directorate for Biodiversity and Protected Areas). 



* Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform. 

* Higher Institution for Marine Research (Teshrin University- Lattakia city). 

XLII. Legal and /or administrative measures taken under the terms of the Protocol. 




* It is worth noting here that the Environmental Law which was passed by parliament and ratified by the 

president in 2002, and issued as Law No. 50 allows for the establishment of specially protected areas, and 

authorizes the General Commission for Environmental Affairs (Directorate for Biodiversity and Protected 

Areas) to formulate guidelines for their establishment, management and supervision. 

* Ministry for Local Administration and the Environment (Former Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs)/ 

Directorate for Biodiversity and Protected Areas, in cooperation with concerned national stockholders 

prepared the conditions of establishment of protected areas including the coastal and marine ones. In 2003 

the Higher Council for Protection of Environment ratified these conditions and distributed it to all national 

institutions for the application. 

* Furthermore the Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform (MAAR) in cooperation with concerned 

national institutions specially Ministry for Local Administration and the Environment / General Commission 

for Environmental Affairs/ Directorate for Biodiversity and Protected Areas issued several regulations in 

2002 and 2003 which contributed to the protection and preservation of threatened and endangered species 

of marine and coastal flora and fauna. These include the following: 

1- Decree No. 50, 2003, which set the minimum dimension of the mesh size opening by 25 millimeters 

during a transitional period of 2 years beginning 1/10/2003. Starting from 1/10/2005, the standard dimension 

of 25 mm will be adopted. 

The decree also prohibits the following: 

• The operation of Trawling fishing vessel in depths less than 50 meters 

• The use of multiple trawls. 

• Trawling fishing from May 1 st , to September 30 th each year. 

• Trawling fishing in the Syrian territory starting from the beginning of 2006. 

Note: In response the directions of the Higher Council for the protection of Aquatic organisms the Ministry of 

Agriculture and Agrarian Reform (MAAR) issued in 2004 the Decree No. 15 banning fishing by trawlers in 

the Syrian territory starting from the beginning of 2005 instead of 2006). 

2- In response the directions of the Higher Council for the protection of Aquatic organisms the Ministry 

of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform (MAAR) issued in 2003 the Decree No. 51 which set the maximum 

cages that the fishing vessel can carry at 10 cages. The decree also set the dimension of the cage opening 

at 35 mm, and specifies the allowable period of cages’ fishing to be from June 1 st to October 31 st each year. 

It also prohibits the use of diving equipments in placing the cages or retrieving them, and prohibits the use of 

any floating objects to mark the cages which may hinder maritime traffic. 

3- In response the directions of the Higher Council for the protection of Aquatic organisms the Ministry 

of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform (MAAR) issued in 2003 the Decree No. 52, which regulates fishing using


Annex III 

Page 244 

fixed nets in the Syrian territories. It sets the minimum permissible mesh dimension at 16 mm till the end of 

2003, to become 20 mm for a two - year's transitional period afterward. The standard dimension of 25 mm 

will be adopted from the beginning of 2006. 

4. In response the directions of the Higher Council for the protection of Aquatic organisms the Ministry 

of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform (MAAR) issued in 2003 the Decree No. 53, which regulates floating-fish 

fishing (sardines and the like). The decree specifies the fishing domain of large fishing gears that use 

fishing nets with heights between 50 and 100 meters in waters more than 40 meter deep. The decree 

allows small fishing gears with fishing nets less than 50 meters in height to operate more closely to the 

shore in waters not less than 25 meter deep. The fishing nets should in no circumstances touch the sea 

bed. The decree also specifies fishing hours for this type of fishing to be from sunset to sunrise every day. It 

also prohibits this type of fishing from March 15 to April 30 th and from July 16 to August 15 th of every year. 

5. in response the directions of the Higher Council for the protection of Aquatic organisms the Ministry 

of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform (MAAR) issued in 2003 the Decree No. 54, which prohibits fishing using 

land-based sweeping nets starting from the beginning of 2004. 

Note: The Higher Council for the protection of Aquatic organisms consists of the representatives of main 

scientific, administrative and executing Ministries and Institutions that have a role in protection of Aquatic 

organisms. 


The following marine and coastal protected areas have been established: 

Name of Protected 

area 

Type and Character Area (hectares) Legal Situation Location 

Om Al Toyour Coastal and Marine 1000 

Ras Al Bassit Coastal and Marine 3000 

Fanar Ibn Hani Coastal and Marine 1000 

Ministerial Decision T/15/, 

13/5/1999 


29/5/1999 


19/7/2000 

Lattakia 

Governorate 

Lattakia 

Governorate 

Lattakia 

Governorate 

It is worth mentioning here, however, that according to the Ministry for Local Administration and the 

Environment/ General Commission for Environmental Affairs / Directorate for Biodiversity and Protected 

Areas, no new ministerial decision has been issued yet to specify the actual designated area for protection 

during 2003 – 2005. 

Note: As the results of the Med MPA Project there are some proposal sites for the declaration in the near 

future. 

180. To provide protection (article 6): 

a) Strengthening the application of the other Protocols to the Convention and other 

treaties (article 6 a); 

• As a general Syrian Arab Republic began to implement the regional and international conventions, 

agreements and protocols related to the protection of Biodiversity components ( including Marine 

species) that have been signed and ratified, including Barcelona Convention, These are: 

1- Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). 

2- Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). 

3- Convention on The International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). 

4- RAMSAR Wetland Convention. 

5- The African-Eurasian Migratory Water-birds Agreement (AEWA). 

6- Cartagena (Bio-safety) Protocol. 

7- Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous 

Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS). 

8- Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean. 


(article 6 b); 

As a general rule, any legislation declaring certain regions in Syrian territories as specially protected marine 

or coastal areas include provision that prohibits dumping of any kind of wastes within the area. 

c) Regulating the passage of ships (article 6 c);


Annex III 

Page 245 


or coastal areas include provision that prohibits the passage of ships within the protected area. 


The Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform (MAAR) and Ministry for Local Administration and the 

Environment, General Commission for Environmental Affairs (Directorate for Biodiversity and Protected 

Areas) prohibit the introduction of any marine species not indigenous to the Syrian Mediterranean 

Territories. It also prohibits the introduction of any genetically modified species that may pose a threat to the 

marine environment. It is worth mentioning here that although this ban is currently practiced, special 

committees discuss the draft of some Legislations and Law that regulate this issue, the expectation is during 

the 2005 these legislation tools will be issued. 



or coastal areas include provisions that prohibit any potentially harming activity involving the exploration or 

modification of the soil or of the exploitation of the subsoil of the land part, the seabed or its subsoil. It also 

prohibits any other activity or act likely to harm or disturb the species. 



or coastal areas include provisions that restrict scientific research activities within the areas. A license is 

required from the institution that administers the protected area. 





or coastal areas include provisions that prohibit the above mentioned activities within the protected areas 

including commercial fishing, hunting, etc. 


No legislative or administrative measures have been taken so far for the planning, management and 

supervision of specially protected areas. 

From two months ago, management plans were being formulated by the Ministry for Local Administration 

and the Environment/ General Commission for Environmental Affairs/ Directorate for Biodiversity and 

Protected Areas for each protected area, starting with Om Al Toyour and Ras Al Bassit protected area 

.These plans, include provisions for the management and supervision of the protected areas, as well as the 

role of national parties and local communities in this process. This process was one result from the Med 

MPA project which had been implemented by supervision of RAC/SPA and in cooperation with some 

international institutions and scientific Centers. 


In general, any legislation declaring certain regions in Syrian territories as specially protected marine or 

coastal areas include provisions that prohibit all potentially harming activities including (a) taking, 

possessing, killing, transporting and commercial exhibition of protected species of fauna, their eggs, parts or 

products, (b) the disturbance of wild fauna during sensitive periods, and (c) the destruction or disturbance of 

protected species of flora. 

. 


(article 13); 

In general, any legislation declaring certain regions in Syrian territories as specially protected marine or 

coastal areas include provisions that prohibit the intentional or accidental introduction of non-indigenous or 

genetically-modified species. 

There are no records of any harmful species that had been introduced in the past. 

Note: The national and international marine experts recorded some non-indigenous species in the marine 

ecosystem that came especially from Red Sea. 


No exemptions have been granted in this regard.


Annex III 

Page 246 

6. Technical application of the protocol 


The following protected marine and coastal areas have been established: 

Name of Protected 

area 

Type and Character Area (hectares) Legal Situation Location 

Ministerial Decision T/15/, Lattakia 

Om Al Toyour Coastal and Marine 1000 

13/5/1999 

Governorate 

Ministerial Decision T/26/, Lattakia 

Ras Al Bassit Coastal and Marine 3000 

29/5/1999 

Governorate 

Ministerial DecisionT/23/, Lattakia 

Fanar Ibn Hani Coastal and Marine 1000 

19/7/2000 

Governorate 


No areas under Syrian jurisdiction have been proposed for inclusion in the SPAMI list during the period 

under review, or before. 


No areas under Syrian jurisdiction have been included so far in the SPAMI list. 


No identification of protected species has been made so far. A list of marine species of flora and fauna is still 

under preparation. Endangered species will be extracted and determined from this list once completed. 


13.2). 

No such records are available. 


In 1995-1996 the first list of marine species was prepared. It was based on earlier studies, 

researches and references. In 2002-2003, a study of the marine species in the sea area 

opposite to Om Al Toyour and Ras Al-bassit protected areas was initiated. A field survey was 

done in this location as a part of formulating a management plan for the protected area. 

191. Exemptions granted to protection measures articles 12, 18, 23 c). 

No exemptions were granted 

. 






Action plan for the conservation of cartilaginous fish (condrichtyans) in the Mediterranean 

sea 


Mediterranean sea. 

One of the SAP-Bio project's activities was the preparation of National Action Plans, At the end of 2004 

Ministry for Local Administration and the Environment (MLAE), General Commission for Environmental 

Affairs (Directorate for Biodiversity and Protected Areas in cooperation with Higher Institution for Marine 

Research ( Teshrin University, Lattakia City),prepared four action plan, Two of them mentioned above: 

National Action Plan concerning the introduction of species and invasive species. 

National Action Plan for the conservation of sea turtles in the Mediterranean Syrian 

Coast. 

Syrian Arab Republic in cooperation with RAC/SPA hosted a meeting for the preparation of an action plan 

for the protection of monk seal on the Mediterranean level. 

A national workshop was organized in cooperation ACCOBAMS secretariat and with the support of the 

Italian Ministry of Environment on the establishment of national network for the monitoring of stranding of 

cetaceans. 

193. Implementation of other recommendations pertinent to the Contracting Parties. 

Three training courses on the management of protected coastal and marine areas were organized. 

The National Strategy and Action Plan for the protection of marine biodiversity (SAP-BIO) has been 

prepared in 2002. The strategy was officially adopted in April 8, 2004 in a National Workshop attended by 

concerned National Institutions, Ministries and stockholders.


Annex III 

Page 247 

7. Brief description of all problems or constraints encountered in the application of the Protocol. 

The Ministry of Local Administration and Environment listed the following difficulties that face the 

implementation of the protocol despite of the Government's eagerness for the protection of Marine 

Biodiversity and Aquatic Organisms: 

Lack or weakness of public awareness. 

Lack of training for national staff on the management of marine and coastal protected areas. 

Financial difficulties.


Annex III 

Page 248 

Application du Protocole relatif aux aires spécialement protégées et à la diversité biologique en 

Méditerranée: 

1. Mesures juridiques et/ou administratives prises aux termes du Protocole: 

1.1 pour protéger, préserver et gérer les espaces marins et côtiers ayant une valeur naturelle 

ou culturelle particulière, et pour protéger, préserver et gérer les espèces de la faune et 

de la flore marines et côtières qui sont en danger ou menacées (article 3) 

La législation tunisienne relative à la préservation des espaces marins et côtiers est notamment constituer 

du code forestiers et de la loi de création de l'APAL. Ces deux textes n'ont pas fait l'objet de changement 

pendant la période couverte par le présent rapport. Par ailleurs des dispositions juridiques ont été prises 

pour assurer la protection de sites naturels marins et côtiers d'intérêt particulier. Les textes évoqués cidessus 

sont: 

- La loi n° 68-4 du 8 mars 1968, relative à la protection des phoques dans les eaux territoriales 

tunisiennes. 

- Les article 207 à 217 de la loi n° 88-20 du 13 avril 1988, portant refonte du Code forestier. 

- Parmi les espaces naturels créés en Tunisie il y a quelques espaces marins et côtiers : 

- le décret n° 77-340 du 1er avril 1977, portant création du parc national des îles de Zembra et 

Zembretta. 

- -le décret n° 80-1608 du 18 décembre 1980, portant création du parc national de l'Ichkeul. 

- l’arrêté du ministre de l'Agriculture du 18 décembre 1993, portant création d'une réserve 

naturelle aux Iles de Kneiss de la délégation de Graiba du Gouvernorat de Sfax. 


naturelle à la Grotte de Chauve-Souris de la délégation d'El Haouaria du Gouvernorat de 

Nabeul. 


naturelle à l'Ile de Chikly de la délégation de Bab Bhar du Gouvernorat de Tunis. 

Un projet de cadre juridique pour la création et la gestion des aires protégées marines et côtières est en 

cours d’élaboration. Pendant la période couverte de ce rapport (2002-2003), de large concertations sur le 

contenu de ce texte ont été menées, mais à la fin de la dite période, ce projet n'avait pas été encore finalisé. 

1.2 pour créer des aires spécialement protégées marines et côtières (article 5) 

Bien qu'aucune création d'aires protégées marines et côtières n'est intervenu en Tunisie pendant la période 

couverte par le présent rapport (2002-2003), plusieurs projets de création d'aire protégées marines et 

côtières sont en cours. Ils concernent les îles Kuriat, la parties nord est de Kerkennah et le littoral se 

trouvant entre Cap Negro et Cap Serrat. 

Les plans de gestion des 3 ASPIM tunisiennes (l’Archipel de la Galite, Zambra – Zambretta et les îles Kneiss) ont été élaborés et 

fournis officiellement lors de la réunion des points focaux de 2003 au CAR/ASP. Un travail de renforcement du plan de gestion de 

l’Archipel de Zembra a été lancé dans le cadre du projet MedWetCoast pour la partie terrestre et le projet MedMPA du CAR/ASP 

pour la partie marine. 

1.3 pour assurer la protection conformément à l’article 6 

La Tunisie a entrepris dans le cadre de sa législation sur les zones sensibles (article 8 de loi 72-95 relative à la création de l ‘Agenc 

de protection et d’Aménagement du Littoral des études de schémas de gestion pour plusieurs sites naturels remarquables dont 

l’ASPIM des îles Kneiss, les futurs Parcs marins et côtiers de Kerkennah, les îles Kuriat et la zone côtière Cap Negro-Cap Serrat.


Annex III 

Page 249 

Les disposition de l'Article 6 du Protocole sont couvertes en Tunisie par les mesures générales applicables 

aux déversements et rejets dans le milieu récepteur ainsi que celles applicables à la chasse, la pêche et 

l'introduction des espèces. E outre les textes de création et de gestion des aires protégées couvre au niveau 

de chaque aire protégées la plupart des mesures de protection préconisées par les paragraphes a) à h) de 

l'article 6 du Protocole. Les textes pertinents à ce sujet sont: 

- La loi n° 75-16 du 31 mars 1975, portant promulgation du Code des eaux, telle que modifiée 

par la loi n° 87-35 du 6 août 1987, la loi n° 88-94 du 2 août 1988 et la loi n°2001-116 du 26 

novembre 2001. 

- La loi portant création de l’ANPE (la loi n° 88-91 du 2 août 1988, telle que modifiée par la loi 

n°92-115 du 30 novembre 1992 et la loi n° 2001-14 du 30 janvier 2001 et notamment son 

article premier). 

- La loi n° 93-41 du 19 avril 1993 relative à l’Office Nationale de l’Assainissement (ONAS) telle 

que modifiée par la loi n° 2004-70du 2 août 2004. 

- La loi n°96-41 du 10 juin 1996 relative aux déchets et au contrôle de leur gestion et de leur 

élimination telle que modifiée par la loi n°2001-14 du 30 janvier 2001. 

- Le décret n° 85-56 du 2 janvier 1985, relatif à la réglementation des rejets dans le milieu 

récepteur. 

- Le décret n° 94-1885 du 12 septembre 1994, fixant les conditions de déversement et de rejet 

des eaux résiduaires autres que domestiques dans les réseaux d'assainissement implantés 

dans les zones d'intervention de l'Office National de l'Assainissement. 

- Le décret n°97-1102 du 2 juin 1997, fixant les conditions et les modalités de reprise et de 

gestion des sacs d’emballage et les emballages utilisés, (modifié par le décret n°2001-843 du 

10 avril 2001). 

- Le décret n°2000-2339du 10 octobre 2000, fixant la liste des déchets dangereux. 

- Le décret n°2002-693 du 1 er avril 2002 relatif aux conditions et aux modalités de reprise des 

huiles lubrifiantes et des filtres à huile usagées et de leur gestion. 

- D’autres projets de décrets relatifs à la gestion des pneumatiques usagées, à la gestion des 

piles et batteries usagées, et à la gestion des déchets électroniques sont en cours 

d’élaboration. 

1.4 concernant la planification et la gestion des aires spécialement protégées (article 7); 

Pendant la période couverte par le présent rapport les actions suivantes ont été réalisées en 

matière de planification et de gestion des aires protégées marines et côtières: 

Les plans de gestion des de la Galite a été réalisé et soumis pour approbation par le 

comité de pilotage créé à cet effet. La mise en œuvre du plan de gestion de la Galite a 

bénéficié d’un accord officiel de financement de la part du Fonds Français pour 

l’Environnement Mondial. 

Le projet plan de gestion de Zembra Zembretta a été élaboré dans le cadre des 

projets MedWetCoast (APAL) et MedMPA (CAR/ASP) et des réunions d'information et 

de concertation sur les options proposées ont été organisées. 

Élaboration du plan de gestion des îles Kneiss dans le cadre d’un projet européen 

INCO-DC. Sa mise en œuvre est assurée par une ONG locale (APNES) à travers une 

convention. La mise en œuvre du plan de gestion est prise en considération dans le 

projet de protection du Golfe de Gabès financé par le FEM.


Annex III 

Page 250 

1.5 pour la protection et la conservation des espèces (article 11); 

La conservation des espèces est régie en Tunisie par les textes suivants: 

- La loi n° 68-4 du 8 mars 1968, relative à la protection des phoques dans les eaux territoriales 

tunisiennes. 

- Les article 207 à 217 de la loi n° 88-20 du 13 avril 1988, portant refonte du Code forestier tel 

que modifié par la loi n° 2001-28 du 19 mars 2001. 

Des actions de protection des espèce ont été engagées dans le cadre de plusieurs projets dont 

particulièrement : 

- le projet de conservation des zones humides et des écosystème côtiers dans le bassin 

méditerranéen (MedWetCoast) financé par le GEF 

- le projet de protection des parcs nationaux au niveau du parc national de l’Ichkeul financé 

par le GEF 

- le projet de protection du Golfe de Gabès financé par le GEF 

- projet de protection des zones sensibles mené pas l’Agence de protection et 

d’Aménagement du Littoral 

1.6 pour réglementer l’introduction d’espèces non indigènes ou génétiquement modifiées 

(article 13) 

Cet aspect est couvert par les textes mentionnés au paragraphe 1.5 ci-dessus 

1.7 pour accorder des dérogations aux mesures de protection (articles 12,18). 

Aucune mesure législative n'a été prise pendant la période couverte par le présent rapport pour 

accorder des dérogations aux mesures de protection des espèces. 

2. Brève description de tous problèmes ou contraintes rencontrés dans l'application du 

Protocole et des mesures prises pour y faire face 

La mise en œuvre des dispositions de ce Protocole implique des moyens importants et une 

panoplie de mesures. Il n'est de ce fait possible d'obtenir des résultats tangibles qu'à travers la 

mise en place d'une stratégie intégrée axées selon les priorités les plus pressantes. Ainsi, la 

Tunisie a mené un processus national d'analyse de la situation de la biodiversité marine et côtière, 

ce qui a permis d'identifier des priorités et d'élaborer des plans d'actions selon ces priorités. Ce 

travail a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet PASBIO.

Rapport national sur l’application technique 

du Protocole «aires spécialement protégées» 


Annex III 

Page 251 

1. Pays.: Tunisie 


1er janvier 2002 au 31 décembre 2003. 

3. Organisation nationale chargée de l’établissement du rapport. 

Agence Nationale de Protection de l’Environnement (ANPE) 

4. Organisations nationales ayant communiqué des données en vue de l'établissement 

du rapport 

Les données ci-après ont été fournies par membres de la structure focale nationale du CAR/ASP : 

Agence de Protection et d’Aménagement du littoral 

Institut National des Sciences et Technologie de la Mer 

Direction Générale de la Pêche et de l’aquaculture 

Direction Générale l’Environnement et de la Qualité de la Vie 

5. Assistance reçue du PAM/PNUE en vue de l’établissement du présent rapport. 

Le PAM/PNUE a mis à la disposition de la Tunisie une contribution financière, ce qui a permit à la 

structure focale d'avoir l'appui d'un consultant pour l’élaboration du rapport national sur la base des 

contributions des points focaux nationaux. 


Parc National de Zembra 

Parc National d’Ichkeul 

Réserve naturelle des îles kneiss 

Réserve naturelle d’île Chikly 


ASPIM (Article 9 a)) 

Archipel de la Galite (proposée en novembre 2001) 

Parc national de Zembra (proposée en novembre 2001) 

Réserve naturelle des îles kneiss (proposée en novembre 2001) 


a) statut et état des aires sous juridiction nationale inscrites sur la liste des ASPIM (article 23(a)) 

ASPIM Statut Etat 

Archipel de la Galite La partie marine est soumise à une 

protection légale. 

Un régime de protection plus 

élaboré est en cours d'étude pour 

la mise en place d'un parc national 

marin 

Parc national de Zembra La partie terrestre et la partie 

marine sont soumises à une 

protection légale 

Réserve naturelle des îles kneiss Les îles et les zones d'estran sont 

soumises à la protection légale 

Bon état de conservation 

Menaces potentielles toujours 

présentes d'où la nécessité de 

maintenir la protection 



Des projets sont en cours pour 

introduire plus d'intégration des 

aspects socioéconomiques dans les 

objectifs de l'aire protégée 

b) toute modification de la délimitation ou du régime juridique des ASPIM (article 23 b)). 

Aucune modification n'a été opéré sur les délimitations des trois ASPIM sus-indiquées 

9. Toute modification dans la délimitation ou le régime juridique des espèces protégées. 

Pas de changement dans le régime juridique des espèces protégées en Tunisie au cours de la 

période considérée.. 



Dans le cadre du projet Pas Bio la Tunisie a élaboré un plan d’action sur les espères marine 

invasives. Ce rapport a démontré la présence d’un nombre relativement important d’espèces 

d’origine lessepsienne et atlantique (voir annexe, ci-après) 


Les inventaires suivant ont été effectués: 

96- 99 : Inventaires des espèces dans le cadre de l’élaboration de la stratégie nationale de 

biodiversité (Inventaire national)


Annex III 

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99 – 2002 : Inventaires d’espèces et des habitats dans le cadre des études spécifiques de 

caractérisation des zones naturelles sensibles ( 25 sites) 

96- 2001 : Inventaires de zones naturelles sensibles dans le cadre des schémas directeurs 

d’aménagement du territoire tunisien (frange littorale). 

12. Dérogations accordées aux mesures de protection (articles 12, 18, 23c)). 

Aucune dérogation n'a été accordée pendant la période concernée par le présent rapport 

13. Mise en œuvre des plans d’action pour des espèces menacées adoptés dans le cadre du PAM. 

14. Mise en œuvre des autres recommandations pertinentes des Parties contractantes 

PLAN D’ACTION STRATEGIQUE POUR LA CONSERVATION DE LA DIVERSITE BIOLOGIQUE 

EN REGION MÉDITERRANÉENNE 

PROJET MEDMPACe produit concerne 6 pays méditerranéens. Il vise L’élaboration du plan de 

gestion des sites d’intérêt méditerranéen dont le site de Zambra en Tunisie 

La mise en place de ce projet se fera selon les étapes suivantes: 

Durant la période couverte par le rapport : 

- Participation à l’élaboration du plan de gestion de la partie marine du parc National de 

Zembra Zembretta et consolidation de ce plan de gestion avec le plan de gestion de la 

partie terrestre élaboré dans le cadre du projet MedWetCoast 

- La réunion du comité de pilotage du parc national de Zemlbra Zembretta a eu lieu fin mars 

200 a permis la validation de ce plan de gestion. 

- Participation à l’atelier de formation sur le suivi des aires protégées en juin 2003 qui a eu 

lieu en Tunisie dans la parc urbain d’Ennahli. 

Section 1: Espèces non-indigènes 

1 Mollusques exotiques 

Annexe Rapport national sur l’application technique 

du Protocole «aires spécialement protégées» 

Pinctada radiata : neuf ans après l’ouverture du canal de Suez en 1869, la pintadine Pinctada radiata, mollusque bivalve de la famille des 

Pteriidae, d’origine indopacifique fait son apparition en Méditerranée en Alexandrie. Environ 15 ans après, elle était présente dans le golfe 

de Gabès puis dans le golfe de Tunis (Dautzenberg, 1895). Elle était citée comme abondante dans la région du golfe de Gabès. Elle est 

toujours commune à très commune dans le médio et l’infralittoral. 

Crepidula fornicata : ce Mollusque introduit est présent en Tunisie, dans la région du golfe de Gabès (Fehri-Bédoui, 1986). Il est originaire 

de l’Atlantique nord américaine. 

fulvia fragilis (Forsskäl in Niehbur, 1775) : Ce bivalve est introduit en Méditerranée progressivement à travers le canal de Suez . Il a été 

signalé en Tunisie dans le golfe de Gabès (Passamonti, 1996). Les dernières prospections (printemps 2002) montrent l’abondance de cette 

espèce dans cette même région (données non publiées). 

2 Crustacés exotiques 

Alphaeus crassimanus : cette espèce lessepsienne de Crustacé de la famille des Alpheidae est apparue en Tunisie depuis les années 

50 (Forest & Guinot, 1956). 

Trachypenaeus curvirostris : cette espèce de crevette Penaeidae est lessepeienne, elle est pêchée commercialement en Méditerranée 

orientale, particulièrement en Egypte et en Turquie. 

Elle est apparue dans la région du golfe de Gabès en 1993 (Zaouali, 1993) où elle est pêchée au chalut benthique (1 Kg par trait de chalut 

de 2 heures). Elle est sans valeur commerciale pour le moment (Bradai, 2000). 

Cette espèce est pêchée régulièrement dans le golfe de Gabès en même temps que l ’espèce commerciale P. kerathurus. Cette 

cohabitation pourrait avoir des effets de compétition négatifs surtout que cette espèce a dominé la crevette royale en Egypte. 

Metapenaeus monoceros (Famille Penaeidae) : espèce lessepsienne à distribution spatiale limitée, en Méditerranée, aux côtes les plus 

orientales. Elle est apparue en Tunisie en 1994-1995, dans la région du golfe de Gabès (Missaoui & Zaouali, 1995 ; Enzenross & 

Enzenross, 2000). Depuis, elle est devenue très abondante surtout de Mahrès à Skhira par des profondeurs allant de 20 à 50 m. 

Nous avons réalisé en automne 1998, 74 traits de chalutage benthique expérimental (107 heures) dans la région du golfe par des 

profondeurs allant de 20 à 50 m. Dans la production commerciale, nous avons enregistré 1012 Kg de crevettes (9,5 Kg / h) dont 504 Kg de 

crevette royale Penaeus kerathurus et 508 Kg de crevette blanche Metapenaeus monoceros (Bradai, 2000). 

La valeur commerciale de cette nouvelle espèce est de loin moindre que celle de la crevette autochtone Penaeus kerathurus. 

Eucrate crenata De Hann, 1835 (Famille Goneplacidae) : une espèce d’origine indopacifique, signalée en Egypte en 1924 et qui a 

émigré, d’une façon relativement récente, dans le golfe de Gabès, vraisemblablement autour de 1985 (Zaouali, 1992). 

Libinia dubia H. Milne Edwards, 1834 (Famille Majidae) : ce crabe est une espèce originaire des côtes américaines, les limites de sa 

distribution vont de Massachusetts jusqu’à Floride et Texas, aux Bahamas et Cuba.


Annex III 

Page 253 

Il n’a pas été signalé auparavant en Méditerranée. Il a été décrit pour la première fois dans les eaux tunisiennes, au golfe de Gabès, par 

des profondeurs allant de 5 à 25 m, principalement entre Zarrat et Mahrès (Enzenross & Enzenross, 2000)). Il serait introduit dans la région 

dans les eaux de ballast des pétroliers. 

00.De nouvelles prospections effectuées au mois de mars 2000 ont montré que cette espèce gagne du terrain dans la région du golfe de 

Gabès. Elle a été en effet, observée en abondance au Nord de Sfax à Sidi Mansour par faible profondeur. Sur 15 kg de déchets 

benthiques ramenés par le mini chalut (Kiss) opérant sur l’herbier de posidonie, nous avons isolé un échantillon de 2 Kg de ce crabe 

renfermant 46 individus (31 femelles et 15 mâles) (Bradai, 2000). 

3 Végétaux exotiques 

Caulerpa racemosa : cette algue verte, d’origine tropicale, a été signalée en Tunisie dans le port de Sousse (Hamel, 1926), à Mahdia et 

dans le golfe de Gabès par 15 m de profondeur (Ben Alaya, 1971), à Salakta sur les blocs rocheux du port (Ben Alaya, 1971 ; Ben Maiz, 

1984 ; Ben Maiz et al., 1987), au large de Monastir dans l’herbier de Posidonie (Ben Mustapha & Hattour, 1992) et aux alentours des îles 

Kuriat (Bradai & Jribi, 1997). 

Nous l’avons observée également dans la région du golfe de Gabès par des profondeurs importantes (72 m) formant des pelouses sur fond 

sableux avec des débris coquillers et mélobésiers (Hamza et al., 1995) et plus récemment (juillet 2000) à la Chebba et dans le port d’El 

Ataya à Kerkennah (Bradai, 2000). L’espèce prend un caractère envahissant et sa distribution a atteint les côtes nord (Langar et al., 2001) 

Caulerpa taxifolia : Les premières signalisations de cette espèce invasive remonte au mois de mars 2000 dans la rade de Sousse 

(Langar et al., 2000). Les zones touchées actuellement sont La rade de Sousse, El Kantaoui, marina de Monastir, Sidi Daoud (données 

non publiées). La présence de Caulerpa taxifolia dans une rade et dans son voisinage suggère son introduction à travers l’ancrage des 

bateaux. Le caractère envahissant de cette algue et sa présence dans cette région de la Méditerranée (température plus élevée qu’en 

Méditerranée nord occidentale) devraient nous inciter à renforcer le contrôle de notre littoral. 

4 Poissons exotiques 

Stephanolepsis diaspros (Fraser – Brünner, 1940) (Monacanthidae) : les premières mentions de cette espèce dans la région du 

golfe de Gabès datent dans les années 1965 – 1966 (Chakroun, 1966). Actuellement, ce baliste est commun par faible profondeur dans 

toute la région du golfe de Gabès. Les tailles, pour un échantillon de 133 individus pêchés au chalut benthique en décembre 1998, 

varient de 35 à 200 mm (moyenne de 95,4 mm) (Bradai, 2000). 

Siganus luridus (Rüppell, 1828) ( Siganidae) un spécimen de S. luridus a été capturé pour la première fois le 20 décembre 1969 

dans le golfe de Tunis (Chakroun & Bouhlel, 1971). Le 20 novembre 1974, un autre spécimen a été observé au marché de Sfax (Ktari & 

Ktari, 1974). De 1986 à 2001, nous en avons pêché une centaine d’individus dans la région de Sfax principalement aux filets trémail et 

au mini-chalut opérant sur l'herbier de Posidonie. Cette espèce a été pêchée également au centre, au large de Mahdia. La longueur 

totale varie de 150 à 258 mm (moyenne de 190,97 mm) (Bradai, 2000). Il s'agit d'adultes, la taille de première maturité sexuelle étant de 

120 à 160 mm (George, 1972). En mer Rouge (région de Jeddah) les captures commerciales sont composées de spécimens de 180 à 

280 mm (moyenne de 210 mm) (Amin et Hussein, 1985). 

Siganus rivulatis Forsskal, 1775, ( Siganidae) : un spécimen a été observé pour la première fois le 20 novembre 1974 au marché de 

Sfax (Ktari & Ktari, 1974). L’individu observé provient sans aucune doute de la région du golfe de Gabès. Le 6 mai 1995, nous avons 

observé deux individus de 256 et de 276 mm de LT débarqués également à Sfax (Bradai, 2000) et un autre individu en octobre 2001 à 

Kerkennah (région du golfe de Gabès). 

Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskäl, 1775) ( Priacanthidae) : un spécimen de 232 mm a été capturé pour la première fois en Méditerranée 

le 7 avril 1980 dans la zone Centre à Mahdia (Abdelmouleh, 1981) ; 

Sphoeroïdes pachygaster (Müller et Troschel, 1848) (Tetraodontidae) : cette espèce est considérée comme typique de la faune 

ichtyologique de l'Atlantique oriental tropical et subtropical et de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (golfe de Guinée) (Blache et al., 1970). 3 spécimens 

ont été observés dans la région du golfe de Gabès le 25 mars 1992 (Bradai et al., 1993). Trois autres individus ont été capturés dans 

cette même région le 3 juillet 1992, le 27 mars 1996 et le 23 mai 2000. Les longueurs totales de ces spécimens varient de 165 à 410 

mm (Bradai, 2000). 

Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858 (Soleidae) : elle a été observée pour la première fois en Tunisie dans le golfe de Tunis en 1979 

(Goucha & Ktari, 1981). Actuellement, elle est fréquente dans la région nord de la Tunisie. Elle a été observée également dans le golfe 

de Hammamet (Jarboui et al., 1998). 

Seriola carpenteri Mather, 1971 (Carangidae) connue en Atlantique de l’Est, de l’Angola au golfe de Biscaye, a été signalée une 

seule fois à Lampedusa, proche des côtes de la Tunisie (Pizzicori et al., 2000). Vu l’état de maturité des spécimens capturés, il semble 

que cette espèce s’adapte bien aux conditions de cette aire géographique. 

Chaunax suttkusi Caruso, 1949 (Chaunacidae), connue à l’Est et à l’Ouest de l’Atlantique, a été signalée à deux reprises dans le 

détroit siculo-tunisien donc proche des côtes tunisiennes (Ragonese et Giusto, 1997 ; Ragonese et al., 2001). 

Seriola fasciata (Bloch, 1793) (Carangidae) a été capturée pour la première fois au mois de mai 1996 dans la région du golfe de 

Gabès à La Skhira, Il s’agit d’un individu juvénile. Quelques individus, également juvéniles, ont été capturés au centre du pays au large 

de Monastir en 2000 dans des pêcheries de coryphène. Cette espèce est apparemment rare dans l'Atlantique-est, elle est connue à 

Madère où l'espèce est abondante localement. En Méditerranée, elle a été signalée à deux reprises, le 19 octobre 1989 sur les côtes 

espagnoles (Massuti & Stefanescu, 1993) et également au mois d'octobre 1997 dans le golfe du Lion (Quignard & Tomasini, 2000). 

Pisodonophis semicinctus (Ophichtidae), un seul spécimen de cette espèce exotique, à affinité chaude, a été capturé sur les côtes 

algériennes (Bauchot, 1986 ; Fischer et al., 1987). En Tunisie, nous l’avons pêchée pour la première fois au chalut benthique dans le 

golfe de Gabès par 15 m de profondeur le 4 juin 1998. Un deuxième individu fut pêché au filet trémail dans le canal de La Goulette 

(golfe de Tunis) le 2 octobre 2000 (Ben Salem, comm. Pers.). Ces deux individus mesurent respectivement 786 et 550 mm de Lt. 

(Bradai, 2000).


Annex III 

Page 254 

Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes, 1846) (Exocoetidae), espèce indo-pacifique signalée pour la première fois en Méditerranée à 

Palestine (Brun, 1935) puis successivement à Rhodes (Tortonese, 1938), en Libye (Ben Tuvia, 1966) et en Albanie (Parin, 1986). Elle a 

été observée pour la première fois en Tunisie au sud des îles Kerkennah (région du golfe de Gabès) en juin 2000. Un seul spécimen de 

70 mm de Lt a été examiné parmi d’autres pêchés en même temps par une madrague mobile (données non publiées) . 

Pempheris vanicolensis (Pempheridae), deux spécimens de ce migrant lessepsien ont été capturés pour la première fois sur les 

côtes tunisiennes le 24 septembre 2001 au chalut benthique au large de Sfax. Ils mesurent 120 et 132 mm, puis deux autres individus 

de 125 et 115 mm de longueur totale furent observés dans des « cherfia » à Kerkennah le 7 octobre et le 24 novembre 2001 (Bradai & 

Bouain, 2001).



Annex III 

Page 255 



XLIII. General information 

1. Country 

Turkey 


June 2003 to March 2005 


Directorate of Nature Conservation – Ministry Of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) 



Authority for the Protection of Special Areas (ASPA) – Güner ERGÜN, Expert 

XLIV. Legal and/or administrative measures taken under the terms of the Protocol 31 




i. Water Product Circular which regular commercial and sporting fishing in 

marine and inland waters (numbered 36/1 and 36/2) published by Ministry of 

Agriculture and Rural Affairs. 

ii. Hunting prohibitions were determined by the Central Hunting Commission of 

the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. 

iii. The Regulation of Waste Control and Waste Disposal from Ships (published in 

26.12.2004 dated and 25682 dated Official Gazette) 

iv. “Regulation on Water Pollution (with the official gazette numbered 31 Dec. 

2004 dated 25687) 


Scientific studies were initiated extend the boundary limits of Kekova and Foça SPAs. in 2004 












Annex III 

Page 256 



Turkey ratified international conventions like CBD, Bern, CITES, Barcelona, RAMSAR and Bucharest 

Conventions and actively gave support and contributes to all activities under these conventions. 

Bern Convention: the file on Kazanlı Beach (one of the marine turtle nesting beaches) is closed. 

RAMSAR: Studies on “establishment of Management plans for wetlands across country” are still continuing. 

Bucharest Convention: within this context, the CBD advisory group carries out the studies on establishing 

the protocol on biological diversity with annexes (describing the threatened species) 


(article 6 b) ; 

i. Sewerage, waste water treatment systems and sanitary landfill areas of 

Köyceğiz-Dalyan was constructed, WWT system was completed in Çoraklı 

(Antalya), sanitary landfill area was finished in Göcek additionally this systems 

will be constructed in Fethiye, Göcek and Akyaka in near future. In addition 

ordered administrative measures in item 6. 





MoEF and ASPA suuports scientific projects such as “Examining the wetland and coastal 

dune ecosystems in Dalaman Region” Project, “Research Study on Determination and 

distribution of Caulerpa sp. along Datça-Bozburun. 



protected areas 

The precautions are taken within the frame work of international agreements (CITES, Bern, 

CBD, Bucharest) 


(article 7); 

The regulations were drawn up on Urban and Rural Settlement Areas, Tourism Development 

Area, Areas of Daily use, agricultural areas, public organization areas, controlled sensitive zone 

borderline, beaches, coastal zones are also available in the 1/25000 Special Environmental 

Protection Area Master Plan for all SPAs.In addition to this, general regulations have been 

enhanced according to scientific research and monitoring activities in revised plans. 


Bern, CITES, CBD and RAMSAR conventions are taken into consideration. No new lwgal or 

administrative measures elucidated in item 6. 


(article 13); 

i. Law on GMO’s is on the way and it will come into force in one year time. 

ii. Biotechnology Advisory Committee is still actively working on related issues. 

iii. Activities are done under Biosafety Protocol of CBD. 

200. To grant exemptions from protection measures (articles 12,18)

XLV. Technical application of the protocol 



Annex III 

Page 257 

202. Proposals made to include the areas subject to national jurisdiction on the SPAMI list 

(Article 9 a) 





(article 23a) 



- 


13.2). 

No evidence 



ecosystems; 

November 2004 Datça-Bozburun SPA 



November 2004 Datça-Bozburun SPA 


(will be submitted in the meeting) 


(will be submitted in the meeting) 

Moreover; Turkey has involved in the activities of European Environmental Agency for 3 yrs. and established 

an EEA-TR office within the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. There is a very good collaboration 

between EEA and TR. With in this respect, the studies on these issues are still carried out and the products 

will be available very soon. 

And also; 

There is an ongoing project (Twinning Project: component nature; initiated in 2003). 

- In the framework of this project, an inventory on all related species will be handled. 

- Biotope mapping of related habitats will be done (also a successful pilot study in BELEK 

(SPA) was achieved on May 2005) 

- “GIS studies on important habitat types of Turkey” is still carried out. 


208. Implementation of the action plans adopted within the framework of MAP:


Annex III 

Page 258 

Monk Seal,marine turtles,marine vegetation action plans were used to reinforcing to built a national strategy 

and definingpriorities at national level for the protection and management of Monk Seal,marine 

turtles,marine vegetation. In this sence, an intensive program of data collection, biology and ecology of 

Seal,marine turtles,marine vegetation was carried out. Sea turtle and monk seal national committees have 

been implemented incessantly their usual studies in each year. Monitoring programmes of sea turtles have 

been carried out in nesting beaches. An inventory of Monk Seal caves was accomplished, breeding and 

nesting areas were determined by NGOs. Research study was conducted about the determination and 

distribution of Caulerpa sp. along Datça-Bozburun SPA. 


Within Bucharest convention 


National Committee on Monk Seals is coordinating out the studies. 


In general; 

i. 1 st National symposium on marine turtles was held in İstanbul between 3-7 

Dec 2004. 

ii. 2 nd Mediterranean Conference on marine turtles was held in Antalya between 

4-7 May 2005. 

iii. Scientific Commision and Regional Commision Meeting were held within the 

year. 

iv. Second Subproject “determinig the wetland and coastal dune ecosystems in 

Dalaman Region was finalized in Dec. 

v. A suitable place for establishing a rescue center is found and studies are still 

carried out. 

The duties carried out during research period on the beaches of Dalyan, Patara, Belek, 

Fethiye, Ekincik and Göksu Delte SPAs are as follows: 

1. the emergence date of adult females and whether these emergences resulted in 

nests 

2. determination of distribution of nesting and nonnesting emergences with respect to 

months of the breeding season and their percentages 

3. Determination of distribution of nesting and nonnesting emergences with respect to 

beaches and percentasges. 

4. determination of distribution of nesting and nonnesting emergences with respect to 

the distance of the sea and percentages. 

5. determination of incubation durations, clutch size,nest depth and diameter. 

6. determination of predation impact,hatchling and unfertilized eggs. 

7. determination of the hatchlings whether they reach the sand surface or trapped in the 

nest. 

8. determination of percentage of hatchlings whether they remain at the mouth of the 

nest or left the nest. 

9. determination of the survival status of the hatchlings that remained at the mouth of 

the nests. 

10. determination of the amount of the hatchlings reaching the sea or died on the beach. 

11. determination of length of wet,semiwet and dry zones on the beaches. 

12. comparison of nest densities with the previous years data 

13. determination of previously tagged females 

14. setting metal gratings on the nests in order to prevent the adverse effect of land 

predators on the beach 

15. setting of a surface cages which can easily be seen in the areas where human 

activities were intense 

16. giving detailed information on the metal grating and prism cages used on the 

beaches.


Annex III 

Page 259 

17. determination of the population status of Trionyx triunguis and provide 

recommendations for rehabilitation of the nesting sites. 

18. setting up information offices, carrying out education and training programmes for 

local people, native and foreign visitors. Distribution of leaflets prepared by ASPA. 

19. Marking of nests locations on a 1/25000 scaled maps. 


In seven biodiversity cruises, which correspond to 148 working days,831 SCUBA and 382 skin dives have 

been performed from the spray zone to 70-75 m. depth along the complete coastal line od Datça-Bozburun 

SPA (763 km 2 ). Results of the studies revealed in determination of 807 macroscopic sp.; 139 Thallophyta, 4 

Magnoliophyta, 2 Foraminifera,38 Porifera,48 cnidaria, 5 ctenophora, 7 plathelminthes,2nemertini,2 echiura, 

1 sipuncula,187 molusca,75 arthropoda, 25 polychaeta,21 bryozoa,42 echinodermata,22 tunicata, 184 

pisces,1 repıilia,2 mammalia sp. have been identified. 

Distribution of sp. that form facieses at the region was mapped and area coverage has been calculated. 

According to these calculations, area of Posidonia oceanica was 41.2 km 2 , while Caulerpa racemosa 

occupied 8.7 km 2 , Cymosoea nodosa 4.3 km 2 , Halophila stipulacea 2.8 km 2 , Flbellia petiolata 0.95, 

Cystoseira sp. 0.9, Caulerpa prolifera 0.5 and Stypopodium schimperi 0.1 km 2 . Results clearly depicted that 

even distribution, healthy facieses and wide coverage of Posidonia oceanica meadows is sufficient for 

announcement and continuity of SPA status of the region. The healthy, well conserved structure of the 

meadows at unpolluted and undistorted areas also pointed out a healthy ecosystem in the region. 


Within RAMSAR convention the studies are carried out. 



The workshop on Mediterranean cartilaginous fish with emphasis on southern and eastern 

mediterranean 



The regulation on agricultural quarantine was prepared by the ministry of Agriculture and rural affairs for 

controlling the alien species effects on biodiversity of Turkey. 


- 

XLVI. Brief description of all problems or constraints encountered in the application of the Protocol 

During the EIA processes, it can easily be observed that the Ministries and organizations working in different 

fields (specially working on tourism related activities) do not have enough information or do not respect the 

ecological values. 

So we recommend to design a workshop in Turkey on “Monachus monachus and EIA procedures”.

ANNEX IV 

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE MEETING

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE MEETING 

1. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACTION PLANS 

Recommendations to the Secretariat (RAC/SPA) : 


Annex IV 

Page 1 

• Strengthen collaboration with relevant bodies, in particular FAO/GFCM in 

order to address effectively the problem of the interaction of fisheries with 

monk seals, turtles, cetaceans, cartilaginous fishes, birds and marine 

vegetation; 

• Take into consideration the results of the Regional IUCN Red List Assessment 

in order to update the Action Plans, and to propose criteria for the amendment 

of the Annex II and III to the SPA Protocol. 

1.1 Implementing the Action Plan for the management of the Mediterranean 

monk seal 

Recommendations to the Contracting Parties : 

Invite the Contracting Parties to : 

• Address the problem of deliberate monk seal killing combined with habitat 

loss, on a case-by-case basis, tailored to local communities existing in areas 

of major importance for the species, targeting fishermen and other 

stakeholders, taking into account the most serious threat to this species 

survival, already remarked within the assessment of the implementation of the 

action plan (UNEP(OCA)/MED WG.146/5, Arta 1998); 

• Make the best possible use of the positive experiences in Alonissos (Greece) 

and Foça (Turkey) to extend protection and conservation actions to all the 

other known Mediterranean areas with critical habitats of monk seals; 

• Ensure that management plans of protected areas containing monk seal 

critical habitats, as well as legislative measures relevant to the conservation of 

monk seals, are developed and implemented; 

• Identify existing or potential critical habitats of monk seals. 


Invite the Secretariat (RAC/SPA) to : 

• Assist the countries in the implementation of their commitments, including 

through management plans, operational tools, and capacity building; to this 

end, make use of the report UNEP(DEC)/MED WG 232/Inf.6 of the group of 

experts convened by RAC/SPA in 2002 as already recommended by the 

Contracting Parties in 2003; 

• Support countries to identify existing or potential critical habitats of monk 

seals;


Annex IV 

Page 2 

• Assist countries in organising awareness campaigns for target groups, to 

ensure their participation in the effort to reduce hostilities and increase 

consensus for implementation of conservation actions. 

1.2. Implementing the Action Plan for the conservation of Mediterranean 

marine turtles 



• Fulfil their obligations towards implementation of the Action Plan and 

particularly the recommended actions at national level for each country; 

• Ensure legal protection to known nesting sites (including adjacent waters) and 

other aggregation areas; 

• Encourage pilot studies on tested methods to reduce turtle by-catch and 

mortality in fisheries; 

• Take note of the highlights of the Second Mediterranean Conference on 

Marine Turtles; 

• Take note of the results of the Workshop on the Standardisation of Tagging 

and Centralisation of information, and promote tagging programmes that 

comply with the general recommendations and the principal guidelines of this 

Workshop; 

• Encourage and/or support participation to the 26 th International Sea Turtle 

Symposium scheduled from the 3 rd to the 8 th of April 2006 in Greece. 



• Assist countries to fulfil obligations pertaining to the implementation of the 

Action Plan, by supporting and/or coordinating actions where needed; 

• Support initiatives to improve the knowledge of the distribution of the 

populations at sea; 

• Strengthen collaboration with FAO/GFCM in order to address the problem of 

the interaction of marine turtles with fisheries; 

• Take into consideration the results of the Regional IUCN Red List Assessment 

of Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas and Dermochelys coriacea under 

preparation by the IUCN’s Marine Turtle Specialist Group (MTSG) and all 

relevant inputs in order to propose, if appropriate, an update of the Action Plan 

at the 8 th Meeting of NFPs for SPAs; 

• Support the organisation of the 26 th International Sea Turtle Symposium in 

Greece and the 3 rd Mediterranean Conference on Marine Turtles to be held in 

Tunisia; 

• Promote awareness and education towards various target stakeholder 

(fishermen, tourists, decision makers etc…).


Annex IV 

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1.3. Implementing the Action Plan for the Conservation of Cetaceans in the 

Mediterranean Sea 



• Join the ACCOBAMS Agreement if this has not already been done; 

• Recognize that common obligation regarding cetaceans through the SPA & 

biodiversity Protocol are fulfilled by their implementation of ACCOBAMS; 

• Promote the creation and extension of protected marine and coastal areas 

that are specifically for cetaceans; 

• Recommend close cooperation at national level between the SPA national 

focal points and the ACCOBAMS ones'; 

• Recommend to the Barcelona Convention Parties, which are not Parties to 

ACCOBAMS, to take note and implement as far as possible the pertinent 

ACCOBAMS MOP Resolutions and Recommendations; 

• Invite ACCOBAMS Permanent Secretariat to inform RAC/SPA Focal Points 

Meeting on the implementation of the measure relevant to the conservation of 

cetaceans, in particular through the ACCOBAMS national reporting system, 

and to present the decisions of its Contracting Parties Meetings; 

• Support the implementation of the driftnets ban issued by ICCAT (2003) and 

GFCM (2005) by developing and executing specific re-conversion plans. 



• Implement the Memorandum of Cooperation between the RAC/SPA and 

ACCOBAMS 

• Seek synergies with ACCOBAMS Permanent Secretariat for any relevant 

activities to be implemented in non ACCOBAMS Parties. 

1.4. Implementing the Action Plan for the Conservation of Marine Vegetation 

in the Mediterranean Sea 



• Adopt the updated activity programme for the implementation of the Action 

Plan for the Conservation of Marine Vegetation in the Mediterranean Sea; 

• Take the necessary steps to complete, within the prescribed time, the 

activities provided for by the updated activity programme for the 

implementation of the Action Plan.


Annex IV 

Page 4 



• Assists the countries to respect their commitments stemming from the updated 

programme for implementation of the Action Plan; 

• Provide the countries with the necessary support for making inventories and 

carrying out mapping of marine meadows and marine vegetal assemblages 

and, in particular barrier reefs of Posidonia and organogenic surface 

formation, terraces (platforms with vermitids covered by soft algae) and certain 

Cystoseira belts; 

• Help the countries that have already started activities in the framework of the 

Action Plan to set up monitoring networks. 

1.5. Implementing the Action Plan for the Conservation of Cartilaginous 

Fishes (Chondrichthyans) in the Mediterranean Sea 



• Strengthen legal measures aiming at setting up systems for enforcing checks 

on fishing in international waters; 

• Take the necessary steps to complete, within the time prescribed, the 

activities provided for by the Action Plan’s implementation timetable. 



• Work for the implementation of the actions under its responsibility appearing in 

the Action Plan according to the adopted timetable in collaboration with 

FAO/GFCM; 

• Encourage the strengthening of legal measures aiming at setting up systems 

for enforcing checks on fishing in international waters; 

• Pursue the collaboration to assist countries to rise their national expertise on 

cartilaginous fish. 

1.6. Implementing the Action Plan for the Conservation of Bird Species 

Listed in Annex II to the Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas 

and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean 



• Take the necessary steps to complete, within the time prescribed, the 

activities provided for by the Action Plan’s implementation timetable, 

particularly :


Annex IV 

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- Guaranteeing procedures for the legal protection of species; 

- Setting up research programmes to fill gaps in knowledge on threatened 

species; 

- Set up national action plans and implement existing ones; 

- Identify, map and protect areas at sea that are important for birds; 

• Join AEWA and ad hoc Memoranda of Understanding if this has not been 

already done. 



• Collaborate closely with BirdLife International and other competent 

international organisations such as MedWet Initiative of Ramsar Convention to 

implement the Action Plan on the Conservation of Bird Species Listed in 

Annex II to the SPA Protocol; 

• Prepare a report on progress made so far on implementation of the Action 

Plan. 

1.7. Implementing the Action Plan concerning Species Introductions and 

Invasive Species in the Mediterranean Sea 



• Take the necessary steps to complete the actions provided for at national level 

by the Action Plan in accordance with its implementation timetable; 

• Work at regional level to assess impacts of invasive species on local marine 

biodiversity and different marine habitats. 

Recommendations to the Secretariat (RAC/SPA) 

• Cooperate with institutions competent in the issue at the Mediterranean level; 

• Carry out the actions provided for by the Action Plan in accordance with its 

implementation timetable and in collaboration with the relevant organisations; 

• Prepare an evaluation report of the implementation of the Action Plan, to be 

submitted to the Eighth Meeting of National Focal Points for SPAs; 

• Help countries to carry out the actions provided for in the Action Plan at 

national level; 

• Encourage regional cooperation to assess impacts of invasive species on 

local marine biodiversity and different marine habitat.


Annex IV 

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2. ASSISTANCE TO COUNTRIES IN SELECTING, ESTABLISHING AND 

MANAGING SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS 



• Include in the SPAMI List the following sites : 

- the Banc des Kabyles Marine Reserve 

- the Cap de Garde Marine Reserve 

- the Habibas Islands 

- the Rachgoun Island 

- the Portofino Marine Protected Area; 

• Support the extension and the continuation of the MedMPA project at national 

level when appropriate; 

• Consider the establishment of new MPAs both in coastal waters and in the 

high seas where appropriate on the basis of existing scientific knowledge, in 

line with the commitments taken in 7th COP of the CBD Convention; 

• Assess the opportunity of designating PSSAs as complementary protection for 

areas including SPAMIs and other identified biologically important areas 

exposed to heavy maritime traffic of dangerous substances. 



• Elaborate a programme of work on developing protected areas based on the 

positive experience of MedMPA project, aiming at helping the countries of the 

region to develop before 2012 a representative network of marine protected 

areas, in accordance with the recommendations of SAP BIO Programme; 

• Pursue its reflection on the procedure for the evaluation of SPAMIs and 

proceed with a test to evaluate of two voluntary SPAMIs using such procedure 

in collaboration with IUCN; 

• Collaborate with ACCOBAMS and in particular with its scientific committee for 

the establishment of specially protected areas for the conservation of 

cetaceans; 

• Assist the countries in their effort in designating SPAMIs as PSSAs, in 

collaboration with REMPEC with regards to maritime aspects.


Annex IV 

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3. ACTIVITIES LINKED TO PROCESSING AND MANAGING BIODIVERSITY- 

RELATED DATA 



• Further inventory natural sites of conservation interest, using the Standard 

Data-entry Form (SDF) and other technical tools adopted by the Contracting 

Parties; 

• Develop national CHMs on marine and coastal biodiversity; 

• Use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as tools for the management and 

exchange of data on marine and coastal biodiversity. 



• Assist countries to inventory natural sites of conservation interest; 

• Harmonise the inventory system using the SDF with the Natura 2000, Emrald 

and MedWet systems; 

• Develop the use of Geographic Information Systems for managing and 

circulating data on marine and coastal biodiversity in the Mediterranean. 

• Improve RAC/SPA’s directories and databases and integrate them within a 

regional information system; 

• Assist countries in order to attain a good qualitative and quantitative level of 

information on marine and coastal biodiversity in the national Clearing House 

Mechanisms (CHMs). 

4. STRATEGIC ACTION PROGRAMME FOR THE CONSERVATION OF 

BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION (SAP BIO) 



• Ensure implication and coordination of competent national and regional 

institutions in order to implement the SAP BIO. 



• Further integrate the SAP BIO in its activity programme; 

• Prepare project proposals and look for funding enabling SAP BIO to be 

implemented, exploring also possibilities of external donors;


Annex IV 

Page 8 

• Pursue the achievement of financial GEF support for the same purpose. 

5. OTHER ACTIVITIES 

5.1. Common Criteria for the choice of species that could be included in or 

excluded from Annexes II and III to the SPA Protocol 



• Elaborate guidelines for future amendments to Annexes II and III based on the 

contributions of all Parties, including scientific, legal and procedural aspects; 

• Undertake an experimentation of the criteria with a first set of proposition to 

test the validity of the procedure, in order to present them to the 15 th Ordinary 

Contracting Parties Meeting to the Barcelona Convention. 

5.2. Mediterranean initiative on taxonomy 



• Recognize the lack and decline of taxonomists, and encourage post-graduate 

specialisation in taxonomy and national and/or bilateral cooperation to address 

this problem. 



• Cooperate closer with other competent organisations to evaluate taxonomic 

guides available for Mediterranean marine flora and fauna and update them if 

necessary in the aim of providing tools to the Contracting Parties; 

• Organise a Mediterranean workshop on reference collections of marine 

species in the Mediterranean, in collaboration with the relevant institutions and 

experts. 

5.3. Capacity building 



• Promote training courses in order to improve national capacities in the field of 

conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity.




Annex IV 

Page 9 

• Convene a training course on how to use GIS for biodiversity conservation 

purposes; 

• Convene a training course on mapping marine biotopes; 

• Convene training courses and provide technical assistance on management 

tools and Actions plans for the priority species and areas to be protected. 

5.4. Other priority Mediterranean habitats 



• Elaborate a work programme on protecting the coralligenous and other 

calcareous bio-concretions in the Mediterranean and submit it for adoption by 

the next Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona 

Convention, after getting the opinions of the National Focal Points for SPAs.

ANNEX V 

DRAFT DECLARATION ON THE MONK SEAL RISK OF 

EXTINCTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN

UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.268/12 rev.2 

Annex V 

Page 1 

DRAFT DECLARATION ON THE MONK SEAL RISK OF EXTINCTION 

IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 

The Contracting Parties 

Recognise that there is a high risk of extinction of the monk seal in the 

Mediterranean and that the protection of this species is a major challenge for the 

conservation of Mediterranean biodiversity. Therefore, this issue must be 

addressed as a first priority for the region. 

On the basis of a considerable amount of knowledge existing on the status of the 

monk seal populations in the Mediterranean (revised by RAC/SPA on 1995, 1999, 

2003 and 2005); as well as of the Action Plan for the Management of the 

Mediterranean Monk Seal (implementation evaluated : Rabat, 1994 and Arta, 

1998), the Contracting Parties recognise that : 

• The species is threatened by many factors, however the major causes of 

its decline are deliberate killing combined with habitat loss; 

• Unless the Contracting Parties endeavour to take concrete measures, the 

decline of the species will continue; 

• While existing knowledge needs to be widely disseminated, what is 

urgently needed is legal protection of known sites with critical habitats of 

monk seals and the promotion of participatory activities to involve local 

communities in the conservation process; 

• Identification of new potential critical habitats and capacity building for 

effective management are necessary additional steps; 

• Furthermore, development and use of operational tools and allocation of 

appropriate human and financial resources are urgently needed for 

targeted conservation and management. 

For the above reasons, the Contracting Parties committed themselves to take all 

necessary measures for the implementation of the Action Plan and of the 

Recommendations approved at their Fourteenth Ordinary Meeting (November, 2005)

ANNEX VI 

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE SECOND MEDITERRANEAN 

CONFERENCE ON MARINE TURTLES


Annex VI 

Page 1 

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE SECOND MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE 

ON MARINE TURTLES 

Introduction 

The Mediterranean Conference on Marine Turtles, adopted formally by the Fourth 

Meeting of the National Focal Points for SPAs (Tunis, April 1999), aims to bring 

together field biologists, conservationists, government administrators and other 

professionals from all Mediterranean countries, involved in sea turtle research and 

conservation. The First Conference took place in Rome in October 2001 and in view 

of its success the Second Mediterranean Conference was decided at the Sixth 

Meeting of the National Focal Points for SPAs (Marseilles, 2003). 

Organizational Aspects – Participation 

The Second Mediterranean Conference on Marine Turtles took place in Kemer, 

about 40 km south of Antalya (Turkey) from 4 to 7 May 2005. The conference is a 

joint initiative by the Secretariats of the three International Conventions pertaining to 

the conservation of marine turtles in the Mediterranean, namely the Barcelona 

Convention (RAC/SPA), the Bern Convention and the Bonn Convention (CMS), with 

the scientific support of the IUCN/SSC’s Marine Turtle Specialist Group (MTSG). The 

conference was locally hosted by the Ministry of Environment & Forestry and 

facilitated by WWF Turkey. The Scientific & Programme Committee comprised of 

Dimitris Margaritoulis (coordinator), Mohamed Nejmeddine Bradai, Paolo Casale, 

Andreas Demetropoulos, Jesus Tomas, and Oguz Turkozan. The received abstracts 

were organized in five thematic categories, i.e. Networking & Social Issues, Turtles at 

Sea, Nesting Populations, Ecology & Ecophysiology, Management & Conservation. 

The efficient organization and the excellent surroundings at the Mirage Park Resort 

assisted in the conference's pronounced success with 177 registered participants 

from 20 countries. 

Participation and Main Events 

The following events occurred during the conference main dates (4-7 May 2005): 3 

introductory speeches (one from each International Convention), 8 key-note talks, 27 

oral presentations, 43 poster contributions, 3 guided discussions (on the 

Mediterranean population of green turtles, on a proposal for the creation of a 

Mediterranean network, on the continuation of the Mediterranean conference), and 4 

workshops (Fisheries Interactions, Regional Red Listing Assessments, Education, 

Tagging Standardization). 

The Conference Programme and the Book of Abstracts can be downloaded from the 

conference website www.medturtleconf.net. If you wish a hard copy of the Book of 

Abstracts, please contact Dimitris Margaritoulis margaritoulis@archelon.gr providing 

your full postal address.


Annex VI 

Page 2 

Highlights and Proceedings 

Very important results came out of this conference, concerning the most recent 

scientific findings and developments associated with sea turtle research, 

management and conservation aspects in the Mediterranean region. Further, the 

need to work in a cooperative way was emphasised. This, in combination with the 

integration of socio-economic aspects, is a prerequisite for adopting sustainable 

solutions to the numerous contemporary problems. Most contributions will appear in 

the Proceedings, the edition of which was kindly undertaken by Andreas 

Demetropoulos and Oguz Turkozan. At the end of the conference the respective 

Session Chairs produced the Highlights of the Conference which can be seen in the 

Appendix 2. 

The following recommendation could be drafted: 

- There is a need to protect the already identified nesting sites. 

- Monitoring, tagging are to provide information on which to base conservation 

policy and actions. A standardisation is need for such activities 

- There is further evidence of the importance of fisheries interaction and to 

undertake pilot study on tested methods (circle hook, TED’s) 

- The value of training for conservation and tagging was emphasized as this 

would minimize the risks to turtles 

Regional Meeting of the IUCN’s MTSG 

As a side event of the conference, the regional meeting of the IUCN’s Marine Turtle 

Specialist Group took place on 5 May in the presence of the MTSG’s Co-Chair 

Roderic Mast. The objectives of the group in the Mediterranean as well as 

membership issues were discussed and the use of the listserv “MedTurtle” for email 

exchange between groups and individuals was emphasized. 

Pre-Conference Meetings 

Prior the conference two Working Groups convened on 2 & 3 May 2005: 

1. Working Group on Tagging. This Working Group, organized by RAC/SPA after a 

recommendation at the Sixth Meeting of National Focal Points for SPAs (Marseilles, 

2003), prepared the Workshop on the Standardization of Tagging and Centralization 

of Information. 

2. Working Group on Red List Assessments. On 3 May another Working Group, 

formulated by the IUCN’s MTSG, elaborated on the Regional Red List Assessments 

of the three species of marine turtles found in the Mediterranean. The need for 

developing regional assessments of sea turtles has been highlighted on numerous 

occasions over the past several years. The Working Group consisted of 7 members: 

Jeffrey Seminoff (MTSG Red List Chair, USA), Dimitris Margaritoulis (MTSG 

Mediterranean Regional Chair, Greece), Juan Antonio Camiñas (Spain), Paolo 

Casale (Italy), Andreas Demetropoulos (Cyprus), Yakup Kaska (Turkey), and Bojan 

Lazar (Croatia). Updates for each of the three sea turtle species in the Mediterranean 

that are being assessed with the IUCN Red List Criteria were presented; the

UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.270/Inf.23 

page 3 

Mediterranean green turtle (coordinated by Andreas Demetropoulos), the loggerhead 

(coordinated by Bojan Lazar), and the leatherback (coordinated by Paolo Casale). 

Further, participants discussed several issues pertaining to the Regional Red Lists 

such as, (1) the determination of Index Sites, (2) the finer details about the 2001 

IUCN Red List Criteria, (3) the applicability of the Red List Criteria to each sea turtle 

species, (4) the use and method of extrapolations, and (5) the development of a 

timeline for completing the assessments. Each of the assessments is currently in 

preparation. The first goal is to have the initial drafts completed by November 2005 

so that they can be posted on the MTSG website for internal review. The final 

assessments will be presented at the 26 th International Sea Turtle Symposium in 

Greece (see below). 

Next Mediterranean Conference 

A great improvement in the works of this conference was the consideration to 

develop a mechanism which would facilitate the smooth continuation of this important 

regional event in the years to come. Analysing the organizational drawbacks of the 

previous and current conferences, and specifically the difficulty in taking decisions, 

Marco Barbieri (CMS Secretariat) proposed to draw ideas from existing successful 

examples, e.g. the International Sea Turtle Symposium. To this regard, it was 

decided that at each conference, the Country of the next conference should be 

proposed as well as a Chairperson, who will undertake the responsibility of 

coordinating decision-making and of the timely implementation of the conference. 

Proposals for the next Country and Chairperson should be elaborated and brought 

forward by a Nominations Committee. This general scheme was accepted by the 

participants and in order to have the mechanism ready by the next conference, it was 

decided that, as a provisional procedure, the next Country and Chair should be 

ideally selected in this conference. A proposal to have the next conference in Tunisia 

(in about spring 2008) under the Chairmanship of Mohamed Nejmeddine Bradai was 

readily accepted. Further, a Nominations Committee, with the task to investigate and 

propose at the conference in Tunisia the next Country and Chair, was formulated 

after a proposal by the Marine Turtle Specialist Group. The persons comprising the 

Nominations Committee are Dimitris Margaritoulis (coordinator), Monica Aureggi, 

Abdulmaula Hamza, Yakup Kaska, and Jesus Tomas. The Committee will draft and 

circulate the basic selection criteria in order to assist colleagues wishing to undertake 

this important regional event. 

The 26 th International Sea Turtle Symposium 

It was announced that the 26 th International Sea Turtle Symposium will take place in 

Greece (Island of Crete, 2-8 April 2006). The Symposium is convened by the 

International Sea Turtle Society (ISTS) and it traditionally goes to the ISTS current 

President’s home country. Dimitris Margaritoulis of ARCHELON, the Sea Turtle 

Protection Society of Greece, has been elected President of the ISTS for the term 1 

May 2005 through 30 April 2006 and thus the Symposium goes to Greece. It is the 

first time that this global Symposium comes in the Mediterranean region and thus all 

marine turtle workers in the Mediterranean should be encouraged to participate and 

Mediterranean countries and International organizations, active in the Mediterranean, 

should support this important event. It was emphasized that the Symposium in


Annex VI 

Page 4 

Greece is a great opportunity to present to a global audience the scientific work done 

in the Mediterranean and also an opportunity to convene again a Mediterranean 

meeting and continue the team work on the various open regional issues. For this 

reason, a 1- or 2-day Mediterranean meeting (depending on the amount of business) 

will be scheduled either for 4 April or 3 & 4 April 2006 and Paolo Casale 

is the coordinator of the Mediterranean meeting in the 

context of the International Symposium. 

Field Trip 

The Conference terminated with a field trip to nearby Cirali, which hosts a loggerhead 

nesting beach. The local community there is very active and in the form of a 

cooperative protects the nesting beach and conducts an eco-tourism project, in 

cooperation with WWF Turkey. 

Thanks 

On behalf of the Organizing Committee thanks should be extended to all participants, 

invited speakers, committee members, contributors, session chairs, workshop & 

discussion coordinators, facilitators, and donors. Special thanks are due to the 

Turkish Ministry of Environment & Forestry and the personnel of WWF Turkey, 

without whom the conference wouldn’t have recorded this pronounced success.

Appendix 1: WORKSHOPS 

WORKSHOP ON EDUCATION 

Turtle Education for Tourists: identifying best practice 


page 5 

Efforts to conserve turtles will not succeed without adequate public understanding 

and support. Yet the negative pressures the tourist industry is exerting upon the turtle 

nesting beaches in the Mediterranean continue to increase despite the 

disproportionate growth of nature oriented tourist sector. With the need for effective 

‘turtle education’ for tourists having never been greater, this workshop will seek to 

draw upon participants’ knowledge and experience in order to identify the key 

parameters that comprise a basic ‘curriculum’, devise a common approach that can 

be shared and applied in practice, and discuss an appropriate strategy for its 

implementation. 

WORKSHOP ON FISHERIES INTERACTIONS 

Interaction of sea turtles with fisheries in the Mediterranean: possible and priority 

conservation measures 

More and more evidence is becoming available that fishing-induced mortality is a 

major threat for sea turtles in the Mediterranean. Each year turtles are probably killed 

in large numbers by fishing gears such as drifting long line, bottom trawl, and static 

nets. Although the problem is far from being completely understood, nevertheless 

available information is enough to urge immediate actions to reduce this threat. 

Several different approaches can be adopted, from reduction of fishing effort to 

mitigation measures, and some of them have been proposed and tested in other 

areas. This workshop aims at gathering together those interested in the problem of 

sea turtle by catch in the Mediterranean in order to: (a) enhance future cooperation 

on this fundamental conservation issue; (b) share knowledge, experience and 

opinions on what is the present situation and which are the hot-spots in the region; 

(c) discuss possible approaches suitable for the specific Mediterranean situation. 

WORKSHOP ON TAGGING STANDARDIZATION 

In the Mediterranean region, there is need for standardization of different tagging 

techniques and at the same time there is a need to promote uniform data collection 

and reciprocal exchange of information within the region. A regional dissemination of 

information would improve the understanding of many different aspects of 

Mediterranean Sea turtle populations, highlighting conservation needs. A working 

group has been set up by the Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas 

(RAC/SPA) and this group is meeting just prior to the Conference. The report of the 

workshop is presented as UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.270/Inf.24. 

WORKSHOP ON REGIONAL RED LISTING 

One of the main functions of the Marine Turtle Specialist Group (MTSG) is to conduct 

Red List Assessments for marine turtle species based on a set of criteria that are 

defined by the IUCN. In this context, the MTSG undertakes global assessments of all 

marine turtle species. However, a regional approach has many advantages, mainly in 

respect of conservation priorities. Mediterranean Sea is a closed sea with its own 

nesting populations of Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas. It is therefore an 

example area to implement a Regional Red Listing exercise. For this reason a 6-


Annex VI 

Page 6 

member Working Group has been formulated and will work before the Conference. 

The Working Group will present an initial report for discussion, within the Conference, 

during the scheduled Workshop on Red Listing.

Appendix 2: 

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE CONFERENCE 

(drafted by the Scientific & Programme Committee of the Conference) 

Session 1: Networking and Social Issues (by Jesus Tomas) 

The main points underlined were: 


page 7 

- The importance of public awareness for the sea turtle conservation, in order to 

avoid threats such as direct consumption of turtles (still occurring in some 

countries of the Mediterranean) or environmental loss. The awareness must 

be carried out on all target groups, from local people to national authorities 

and using the media. 

- The importance of recording/studying turtle strandings for assessing threats at 

sea. In order to improve the actions and studies on strandings, it has been of 

special relevance the creation and first steps of networking among sea turtle 

rescue centres in Mediterranean countries. Such a network would let the 

exchanging of expertise and the sharing of information between members 

improving the quality of their tasks. In addition, this network can be a good 

body to influence policy makers, leading to a more efficient conservation of 

sea turtles in the Mediterranean. 

Session 2: Turtles at Sea (by Paolo Casale) 

- Sea turtles are marine animals spending all life at sea, with just an 

exceptional, though fundamental, presence at land. However, traditionally 

most of the research and conservation activity is carried out at land. 

- Fortunately, this disequilibrium is rapidly changing, as shown by the number of 

oral and poster presentations dealing with turtles at sea in this conference. 

These studies are contributing to understand where, when and how, turtles of 

different origin go and distribute in the Mediterranean. 

- The classic flipper tagging still provides useful insights, though satellite 

telemetry can clarify aspects otherwise impossible to investigate, and new 

tracking devices are promising. 

- Other studies on turtles-at-sea improve our knowledge on the threats the 

Mediterranean populations are facing, providing further evidence of the 

importance of fishery interactions but also on other factors like boat strikes. 

Session 3: Nesting Populations (by Oguz Turkozan) 

- The improving knowledge is showing that the importance of nesting beach is 

not only associated with the number of nests. For instance genetics and sex 

ratios should be taken into consideration. 

- There is a need of detailed research for the discovery of new possible nesting 

sites in the eastern Mediterranean. 

- There is a need to protect the already identified nesting sites.


Annex VI 

Page 8 

Session 4: Ecology and Ecophysiology (by Mohamed Nejmeddine Bradai) 

- On sex-ratio and eggs incubation: 

o Temporal and spatial sex-ratio variation in the loggerhead nests to be 

considered during nest relocation activities. 

o Concerning the global warming phenomenon, a high conservation 

priority should be given to the beaches producing a male biased sexratio. 

- On the physical characteristic of the nesting beaches: 

o Coastal degradation decreases the success of the nesting activity. 

- In addition to the classic assessment of the nesting effort, several ecological 

factors were studied. In the same way the development of stranding networks 

and sea turtle rescue centres allowed the development of epibiont study and 

feeding ecology. The stranding studies should be encouraged. 

Session 5: Management and Conservation (by Andreas Demetropoulos) 

The session highlighted the following: 

- What is conservation and what is not. Monitoring, tagging etc are not 

conservation measures. Their aims are to provide information on which to 

base conservation policy and actions. So far conservation measures have 

focussed mainly on beaches not at sea. 

- The need to apply up-to–date knowledge and techniques in turtle conservation 

projects on nesting beaches, relating inter alia to predation, was stressed. It 

includes issues such as: 

o The use of non-magnetic material for protective cages or grills for 

protecting nest. 

o Protection nests in situ wherever possible (implies that beaches need to 

be protected). 

o Disturbing nests and hatching process as little as possible during the 

efforts to protect the nests (no digging for locating chambers, no 

digging up hatched nests in less than 3 days after hatching). 

o Predator population control. 

- The value of training for conservation was emphasized as this would minimize 

the risks to turtles. 

- The progress made in passing legislation protecting and managing critical 

areas for turtle conservation and more so the willingness in implementing such 

legislation was reviewed for a number of countries (Cyprus, Malta, Turkey). 

- Raising public awareness and education issues were presented and 

discussed. They were deemed as prerequisites to effective conservation. The 

channels and modalities used need to be appropriate to target groups.

ANNEX VII 

STANDARDISATION OF MARINE TURTLE TAGGING 

AND CENTRALISATION OF INFORMATION

1. Introduction 


Annex VII 

Page 1 

STANDARDISATION OF MARINE TURTLE TAGGING 

AND CENTRALISATION OF INFORMATION 

Historically, tagging marine turtles has proved to be a valuable source of information 

on various aspects of marine turtle biology, including, reproductive biology, growth, 

population sizes and migrations. It is a valuable tool that can provide information on 

which to base policies and strategies for turtle conservation and for a variety of 

research purposes. 

Tagging has been used in different Mediterranean countries and projects for many years. 

Though it has yielded a wealth of information, where well planned, it should not be viewed as 

conservation as tagging does not save turtles by itself. It is therefore not a substitute for 

conservation actions, be they on the nesting beaches or at sea. If badly done it poses threats 

to turtles; tagging can disrupt nesting and it can create new threats to the animals, such as 

making them more vulnerable to being entangled in stationary nets (trammel and gill nets). If 

aimlessly done it can divert attention and precious effort from other, perhaps more significant 

actions. The aims of any tagging programme and the methods used, therefore, need to be 

carefully analysed and assessed in the first place, before going down to the beaches and 

embarking on tagging turtles. A follow-up is also needed – especially on nesting beaches. 

The progress made through genetics work is, moreover, now answering many of the 

questions that tagging was trying to answer. Tagging is nonetheless a very valuable 

tool if properly used. 

2. Background information on tagging and tagging techniques 

There is a wealth of information available on tagging techniques. Nonetheless, in 

spite of the fact that historically speaking, tagging has been perhaps the main tool 

that has helped in the understanding of sea turtles, there are shortcomings in all the 

methods/techniques used so far. The merits and shortcomings of each, therefore, 

need to be assessed in relation, in particular, with the aims of a programme. This 

assessment needs to take into consideration not only the effectiveness of a tagging 

technique but also the risks tags and tagging pose to the animals. Tagging for no 

defined reason should be avoided. 

Considerations, such as cost, simplicity in use and the length of time the tag is 

expected to stay on the turtle, often influences the choice of system used. 

Different techniques have been used by different researchers and programmes, 

though in most cases plastic (or sometimes metal) flipper tags are used. Other 

methods, such as internal tagging (Passive Integrated Transponder tags - PIT) or 

satellite telemetry, are used by some programmes. An increasing number of PIT 

tags are now being used. Satellite tracking of turtles, however useful, is not 

considered here, for a variety of reasons, the main ones being the cost and the small 

and specific use of this method. 

Even though some of these alternative systems have given excellent results in 

specific research programmes, none of them have succeeded in equaling cattle ear 

tags in simplicity, cheapness, endurance and ease of use in the field. They can 

moreover be read by fishermen at sea. The use of a combination of tags, such as


Annex VII 

Page 2 

flipper and PIT tags, used at the same time, may solve some of the problems of tag 

losses. 

3. Information exchange - The International Scene 

International collaboration in tagging techniques, as well as information exchange 

between researchers, can enhance the effectiveness of any tagging programme. 

Much progress has been achieved in the last few years. Regional initiatives need to 

take into consideration such progress, so as take advantage of it and to avoid 

duplication. 

Special mention is made here of the SEATURTLE.ORG Tag Finder website 

(http://www.seaturtle.org/tagfinder/index.shtml). This website has a searchable 

database for finding information on any tag that has been submitted for inclusion in 

the “Sea Turtle Tag Database”. The database includes tag numbers, tag type, ocean 

basin in which tags were applied, species of the tagged turtle, and contact 

information for the organization that applied the tag. In it very valuable information on 

tagging techniques can also be found. The ACCSTR Sea Turtle Tag Inventory, also 

maintains an archive of tag series that have been used by various organizations and 

is useful for preventing duplication of tag series between organizations. 

4. The Regional Perspective – aims and needs 

In view of the wide use and usefulness of tagging and the multiplicity of programmes 

in the Mediterranean it was deemed useful to review the situation and come up with 

proposals and recommendations that will enhance the usefulness of tagging in the 

region. At the same time pitfalls can be avoided if appropriate guidelines and 

recommendations are given. 

Collecting information on the regional basis on national (or project) level on tagging 

programmes is now needed. This is needed to assess the actual situation, i.e. to take 

stock of who is doing what, where and how in the Mediterranean. 

In some countries in the region permits are needed for any research (including 

tagging of turtles) on endangered species. There is a need for collecting information 

on the existing legislation within the region that may be applicable to tagging sea 

turtles. 

The Working Group met prior the Second Mediterranean Turtle Conference (2 May 

2005) and discussed the followings: 

• the collection of information on ongoing tagging programmes and methods 

used in the Mediterranean. 

• the aims of tagging and the merits and drawbacks of the various tagging 

methods (plastic/metal flipper tags, PIT and other tags, location of tags, etc) 

• the centralisation/exchange of information (Directory of Tagging Groups, 

Inventories of tags used etc.) 

• Come up with recommendations on the above 

The outcome and recommendations of the working group meeting were presented to 

the Tagging Standardisation Workshop during the 2 nd Mediteranean Turtle 

Conference for discussion.


page 3 

General recommendations and guidelines to minimize disturbance/damage to turtles 

by tagging were drawn up 

5. Recommendations 

General Recommendations 

• There is a need to stress to all prospective tagging projects that tagging is not 

a conservation measure and that it is not an alternative to conservation. All it 

can do, at best, is help get information on which to base conservation policy 

and actions 

• There is a need for training courses in planning and undertaking tagging 

projects and/or support in training in the field (with the provision of experts), 

particularly for new projects 

• There is a need for awareness programmes addressed to fishermen and 

other stakeholders in order to improve the efficiency of the tagging 

programmes (practical materials, reward, etc…) 

• Organizations and individuals that have applied tags to sea turtles are 

encouraged to submit a list of tags so that they can be added to the 

SEATURTLE.ORG Tag finder database. They are also encouraged to use the 

ACCSTR Sea Turtle Tag Inventory to avoid duplication of tag series 

Recommendations to the Contracting parties 

1. Encourage enforcement, at national level, of permitting legislation for tagging. This 

is to ascertain that aimless tagging does not take place and that tagging 

teams/persons or organizations have well thought out plans and aims and adequate 

training for what they are intending to do 

2. Tagging should be coordinated at national level by a qualified body/person and 

also, if appropriate, at a local level. Tags used should carry the return address of the 

project or the coordinating body at national level. 

3. Follow the basic guidelines drafted by the RAC/SPA Working Group on Tagging 

on minimizing damage/disturbance to turtles by tagging, as follows: 

Metal tags 

Plastic tags 

Pit tags 

• Do not use Style 1005-49 metal tags (National Band and Tag Company 

(NBTC) USA) 

• Use size 681C - for turtles over 30 cm CCL 

• Do not use Jumbo tags (Dalton supplies Ltd, UK) for turtles smaller than 

50cm CCL 

• Do not use Rototags (or any other tags) for turtles smaller than 30 cm CCL 

• Do not use tags in juvenile turtles in such a way as to constrict the growth 

of the flipper 

• Do not use PIT tags (Passive Integrated Transponder) in turtles smaller 

than 30 cm CCL


Annex VII 

Page 4 

General 

• Use PIT tags under the scales or between the digits, in the muscle, on the 

front left flipper. 

• Do not use tagging methods proven to be unsatisfactory 

• Do not tag a turtle on her way up the beach or during egg-laying. Tag after 

the egg chamber is covered or if the turtle is on her way back to the sea. 

• Do not turn turtles over for tagging 

Recommendations to RAC/SPA 

• A Regional Inventory of Tagging Projects is needed and is in fact a priority 

issue. This should be updated as new information becomes available and 

should be available on line. (The questionnaire drafted by the RAC/SPA 

working group to be sent to all Contracting Parties and projects known). 

• Advice and guidelines to be given through RAC/SPA and its website www.racspa.org, 

on tagging issues, providing links to key websites such as 

www.seaturtle.org and its Tag Finder site, as well as to the ACCSTR Sea 

Turtle Tag Inventory www.accstr.ufl.edu, encouraging visitors to register their 

tag series in this database. Duplication of effort will this way be avoided 

• The basic guidelines and recommendations of the WG on Tagging to be 

integrated in Manual on Marine Turtle Tagging in the Mediterranean 

It is recommended that RAC/SPA on the basis of the outcome of the meeting of the 

Working Group on Tagging Standardisation and the discussions in the relevant 

Workshop during the Second Mediterranean Turtle Conference also undertakes 

appropriate tasks, such as: 

• supporting the purchase of appropriate tagging material (tags, applicator, etc), 

• generating or supporting the generation of awareness materials, 

• provide support to appropriate developing tagging programmes (tagging 

projects that have been authorised with working teams qualified for such work 

(projects with adequate planning, training etc). 

• Provide training to tagging team/s in each country by RACSPA partner.

ANNEX VIII 

DRAFT MEMORANDUM OF COOPERATION 

BETWEEN THE PERMANENT SECRETARIAT OF 

ACCOBAMS (UNEP/CMS/ACCOBAMS), 

AND THE REGIONAL ACTIVITY CENTRE FOR SPECIALLY 

PROTECTED AREAS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN ACTION 

PLAN (UNEP\MAP\RAC/SPA)


Annex VIII 

Page 1 

DRAFT MEMORANDUM OF COOPERATION 

between 

the Permanent Secretariat of the Agreement on Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black 

Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the contiguous Atlantic area 

(UNEP/CMS/ACCOBAMS), 

and 

the Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA) of the 

Mediterranean Action Plan (UNEP\MAP\ RAC/SPA) 

concerning 

the Sub-Regional Co-ordination Unit for the Mediterranean and the contiguous Atlantic 

area 

The Secretariat of the Agreement on Conservation of the Cetaceans of the Black Sea, the 

Mediterranean Sea and the contiguous Atlantic area (UNEP/CMS/ACCOBAMS), hereafter 

referred to as the Secretariat of the Agreement 

and 

the Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas of the UNEP Mediterranean 

Action Plan, hereafter referred to as the RAC/SPA, 

Stressing that: 

− ACCOBAMS was born of an inter-convention process in which the Barcelona 

Convention played from the very start an important part; 

− the Preamble to the Agreement refers to the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols as 

well as to the Action Plan for the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea, 

adopted under its auspices in 1991; 

− the Agreement’s Conservation Plan and the Barcelona Convention’s Action Plan for 

Cetaceans aim at the same objectives; 

Recognising: 

− That ACCOBAMS conservation plan, which is totally part of the Agreement, had 

integrated the whole MAP Cetacean Conservation Plan; 

− the importance of working in coordination and good spirit in order to act on behalf of 

cetaceans conservation in the Region in an harmonious way; 

Evoking: 

− Article I.3.j) of the Agreement, which defines two sub-regions for the purpose of the 

Agreement implementation;


Annex VIII 

Page 2 

− Article V of the Agreement instituting Sub-Regional Coordinating Units and defining 

their functions; 

− Article I.3.j) of the Agreement, which defines two sub-regions for the purpose of the 

Agreement implementation; 

− Article V of the Agreement instituting Sub-Regional Coordinating Units and defining 

their functions; 

− Article III.7.c) stating that the Parties to the Agreement will appoint "in each subregion, 

within an existing institution, a Coordination Unit"; 

− The recommendation made by the Tenth Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the 

Barcelona Convention, that RAC/SPA should, in consultation with the Agreement’s 

Interim Secretariat, define the practical ways of ensuring the function of Sub-regional 

Coordination Unit for the Mediterranean; 

− Resolution 1.4 of ACCOBAMS Contracting Parties accepting the offer of the 

Barcelona Convention Parties to charge SPA/RAC with the Med/RCU functions; 

− All the relevant decisions of both Barcelona Convention and ACCOBAMS contracting 

Parties which will be used to draft the annual programme and wok plans designed for 

the implementation of the present MoC. 

Have agreed upon the following: 

The activities of the Med/RCU will focus on the Mediterranean Sea and the contiguous 

Atlantic area as defined by Article 1 of the ACCOBAMS. Special consultations with the 

ACCOBAMS Permanent Secretariat will be implemented in order to facilitate relations with 

Portugal. 

Roles and functions of the Med/RCU 

The Med/RCU’s functions will consist in: 

− Facilitating the implementation in the sub-region of the Conservation Plan of 

ACCOBAMS 

− Collaborate for collecting, assessing and broadcasting the information which facilitate 

the implementation of the ACCOBAMS; 

− Preparing a report for the meeting of the Contracting Parties of the ACCOBAMS 

through the Secretariat of the Agreement on the implementation of the activities 

carried out by the Med/RCU;

− Attending, relevant meetings under the frame of ACCOBAMS; 


Annex VIII 

Page 3 

− Facilitating the link with the others components of the Mediterranean Action Plan, 

with the view of ensuring synergies between the activities carried out within the 

ACCOBAMS framework and those carried out in the context of the Barcelona 

Convention’s, with a special attention on the function devoted by the Agreement to the 

Barcelona Convention for the establishment of Specially Protected Areas particularly 

relevant for cetacean conservation; 

− Informing about cetacean related activities developed under the auspices of the 

Barcelona Convention by non ACCOBAMS Parties; 

− In consultation with the Scientific Committee and the Permanent Secretariat of the 

Agreement, the Med/RCU : 

will facilitate the preparation of a series of international reviews or publications, to 

be updated regularly including: 

• reports on the status and trends of populations, as well as gaps in 

scientific knowledge; 

• a sub-regional directory of important areas for cetaceans; 

• a sub-regional directory of national authorities, research and rescue 

centres, stranding networks, scientists and non-governmental 

organisations concerned with cetaceans. 

will help the Secretariat of the Agreement to prepare relevant guidelines; 

will support the ACCOBAMS Permanent Secretariat in is task to service the 

Meetings of the Scientific Committee. 

Practical and financial arrangements 

The Secretariat of the Agreement and the Med/RCU will consult together with a view to 

ensure synergies and complementarities between ACCOBAMS, the Barcelona Convention’s 

Action Plan on cetaceans (for the Parties which are not yet Parties to ACCOBAMS), as well 

as any other related activity; 

As such try their best to organize, co-organize or organize back to back meetings and 

others events organized within the ACCOBAMS framework and of the Barcelona 

Convention's one on the relevant field , or facilitate that their respective representatives take 

part. 

The Permanent Secretariat of the Agreement and Med/RCU with exchange the information 

and documentation that are necessary for implementing the present Memorandum, and will 

take the necessary steps to facilitate each others relevant missions in the countries of the 

region.


Annex VIII 

Page 4 

RAC/SPA will designate one of its professional staffs to guarantee the monitoring of the 

technical implementation of the present Memorandum and will be the technical vis-à-vis of 

the Secretariat of the Agreement. 

In order to facilitate the implementation of the present memorandum, a work program (as 

presented in the annex) is established according to the priorities, recommendations and 

resolutions defined by the ACCOBAMS and Barcelona Convention Contracting Parties. 

Should an ACCOBAMS or RAC/SPA priority look contradictory to the mandate of their 

institutional bodies, it will be presented to the relevant Bureau to request their decision on the 

matter. 

Activities undertaken by RAC/SPA as presented in the annex here attached within the 

framework of its Med/RCU role will be supported by the ACCOBAMS according to the fund 

availability. The amount to allocate for each activity and the relevant output(s) and timetable 

will be jointly decided by RAC/SPA and the Secretariat of the Agreement before the activity 

starts. Where necessary, the Permanent Secretariat of the Agreement and Med/RCU will act 

in coordination to obtain supplementary funding to that provided by the Parties' ordinary 

contributions. 

Legal rights on the products of activities 

All the legal rights worldwide concerning the products (documents, maps, drawings and 

photographs) of activities carried out using ACCOBAMS funds in the context of the present 

Memorandum shall rest in the Secretariat of the Agreement and it will share with RAC/SPA, 

in his quality of Med/RCU, the legal rights of outputs generated in the context of the present 

Memorandum of Understanding. Reciprocally, should Mediterranean Trust Funds be 

employed, legal rights will vest in MAP and they will be shared with the Secretariat of 

ACCOBAMS. 

The Secretariat of ACCOBAMS and RAC/SPA will work together to ensure the accurate 

attribution of their respective materials, logos or other identifying material. Compliance with 

relevant rules will be corroborated through confirmed mutual communication prior to any 

relevant publication or other use of either party’s name, logo, and other proprietary material. 

Confidentiality 

As a general rule, any information or final product directly concerning the present 

Memorandum of Agreement or related to it, including documentation final reports, and audiovisual 

material, is open for public consultation. But when one of the two Parties believes that 

the circumstances require confidentiality, it may request the other Party to treat the 

information or product in question as confidential information or a confidential product.

Duration, amendments and implementation frame 


Annex VIII 

Page 5 

This Memorandum of Cooperation shall become effective on the date of its signature by 

both parties. It shall remain in effect, unless terminated by 90 days’ written notice by either 

party, or replaced by another agreement. Unless otherwise stipulated at the time, termination 

of this MoC shall not affect the rights and duties of the parties concerning activities already 

executed or being executed at the time of termination. 

This MoC may be amended in writing by mutual consent of the parties. 

The parties will regularly review this MoC’s status of implementation. The programme of 

work annexed to this Memorandum will be updated according to the status of the activities to 

be developed for the following MOP of either the Agreement or the Barcelona Convention. 

Med/RCU will make an annual report on the activities being carried on in the context of 

the present Memorandum according to a Sub-regional Unit reporting format prepared by the 

Agreement Secretariat. The report will be sent to the Secretariat on February every year 

unless other date is mutually agreed for practical reasons. 

This MoC shall form the basis for all agreements between both parties 

In witness whereof, the undersigned, being duly authorized to do so, have executed this 

Memorandum of Cooperation in the English language in two (2) counterparts, each of which 

shall be deemed an original, and which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. 

For the Regional Activity Centre for 

Specially Protected Areas 

Done in ……………………………….. 

The………………………………… 

For the ACCOBAMS Permanent 

Secretariat


Annex VIII 

Page 6 

ANNEX 

Program of work for the triennium 2005-2007 

1/ Comprehensive cetacean population estimates and distribution in the ACCOBAMS 

Area: 

To help in the organization of a regional workshop with the involvement of all the 

Mediterranean Countries. 

2/ Databases: 

To facilitate the updating of the Database on research activities and Directories of 

national authorities, research and rescue centres, scientists, governmental and nongovernmental 

organisations, 

To define the procedures for the establishment, functioning and completion of sighting 

database for the Mediterranean, as well as the criteria for inclusion of the data and a 

code of deontology. 

3/ Strandings: 

To bring information with ACCOBAMS about the implementation of MEDACES in 

Mediterranean and collaborate in the establishment of a regional stranding network. 

4/ Protected areas: 

To gather knowledge of the existence and location of sites, including the high seas, 

containing important cetacean habitat in the Agreement area, and collect the available 

information on such sites to assess whether they fulfill the criteria for the 

establishment of special protected areas for cetacean conservation defined by 

ACCOBAMS. 

5/ Clearing House Mechanism: 

To help ACCOBAMS in collecting information in the various subjects that are 

pertinent to cetacean conservation in the Agreement's area in order to establish a web 

site (CETA-CHM). 

-----------------

UNEP(DEC)MED WG

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