1994-95 - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

Annual 

epo 

94-9 

INSTITUTE OF PALAEO OT NY 

LUC~ OW

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Fmnt COtJer Photo 

Back Cotler Photo 

A diatom-Mastogtoia .

Acknowledgement 

We are grateful to the Department of 

Science and Technology, Government of 

India, New Delhi; to the Research Advisory 

Council and the Governing Body of the 

Institute for continued support.

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Foreword 

Page 

Major Achievements and Acivities of the Institute I 

Organisational Structure 14 

Governing Body 14 

Research Advisory Council............................ . 15 

hnancc and Building Committee 17 

National Organizing Committee for Golden Jubilee Year. . 20 

International Geological Correlation Pro!!rammcs .. 22 

I,ccturc,> delivered . 23 

Recognition . 27 

Representation in CommitteesIBoards . ... 29 

Dcputationffr..lining/StudyNisit Abroadlin Country B 

Deputation to C'onferencc.

Foreword 

Palaeobotany- the science of fossil plants, is passing through a rapid change in relation 

to its effective bearing upon the areas of fossil fuel exploration, high resolution 

biostratigraphy, palaeoenvironment, palaeoclimate of the recent past, antiquity of early life, 

evolutionary patterns of floras, geosphere-biosphere system, and other related aspects. The 

utility of this science for the society has also come into the perview of major projects and 

planning. Such a gradual change in the perspective of palaeobotany requires ever-growing 

collaboration with allied sciences, utilitarian data-base, state-of-the-art techniques and laboratory 

support and development of purposeful consultancy system. 

The research activities of the Institute during the year 1994-95 were continued within 

the frame-work of objectives laid down at the beginning of the CUtTentFive Year Plan, but at 

the same time. adaptation to the newer ideas were made to meet the demand of the change 

in its bearing. Efforts were made to motivate multidisciplinary collaborative work and to 

encourage sponsored projects on problems related to the recent trends. Laboratory support 

in terms of facilities were upgraded by installation of thin- section-cutting machine, remodelling 

of chemical- processing laboratories, rehabilitation of Herbarium, expansion of computer 

facilities and restoration of fossil repository. Consultancy facilities in the areas of 

Carbon-14 dating. palynology, biopetrology and training of personnel were provided to 

other organizations. 

The research activities of the Institute are organized under 11 Projects with few to 

several programmes under most of the projects. 

During the year 1994-95, the yearly target of each programme has been, by and large. 

achieved and many other scientific activities were undertaken in the direction of generation 

and dispersal of palaeobotanical knowledge, popularization of palaeobotany, training of 

personnel, and sharing of information. In the present Annual Report, details of each 

programme, with next year's target and other related efforts have been given. 

The members of Scientific Programming Committee of the Institute - Drs G. 

Rajagopalan, K.P. Jain, H.K. Maheshwari, P.K. Maithy, R.K. Kar and Suresh C. Srivastava 

have helped in preparing this document. The valuable advice of the Research Advisory 

Council for research programmes and the unabated support by the Governing Body of the 

In~titute for implementation are gratefully acknowledged. Drs Suresh C. Srivastava, Archana 

Tripathi and B.D. Singh, Sri B.K. Jain and Smt. V. Nirtnala of Co-ordination Unit, Dr. J.S. 

Antal of Publication Unit and Mr S.c. Bajpai, Registrar helped in V3l~OUSways to bring out 

this report. The support rendered by several colleagues in the Scientific, Technical and 

Administrative staff is thankfully acknowledged. ~A ~JA~ ~~ 

R.S. TIWARI 

Director

BSIP 

Major Achievements and Activities of the Institute 

The research activities of the Birbal Sabni Institute of Palaeobotany are aimed to 

analyse various aspects of plant life which existed in the geological past. The remains of the 

plants are found as fossils in Ule sequence ofsedimentary rocks. These fossil plants indicate 

the antiquity, radiation and evolutionary pattern of early life, conditions of coal formation. 

origin and evolution of different plant groups - including the Jlowering plants, environment 

of deposition of various sediments, climate of the past and age and colTelation of 

sedimentary deposits. Besides, the study of plant remains from Pre- and Proto-Historic 

culture, the analysis of tree-ring system in the modern vis-a-vis fossil plants and study of 

pollen from various lakes revealing the climate of the recent past are also included in the 

study of palaeobotany. It is thus clear that Palaeobotany has interaction with Botany on one 

hand and Geology on the other. 

During the year 1994-95, some of the signiticant achievements carried out at the 

Institute for each Project and Programme are as given below. 

Research 

Achievements 

Early 

Life 

Attempts to decipher the activities of life during Precambrian and Cambrian time 

(in 2500-500 million years old rocks) were continued. The study of black cherts containing 

stromatolites and other fossils from the Nagod Limestone Formation (800 million years 

old), Bhander Group of Khemri Kotar Hill, Satna District, Madhya Pradesh has revealed 

the presence of mal building biota belonging to cyanobacteria. It is a weIl known fact that 

the trails and bUlTOWSof living invertebrate animals are left on the clay or fine sand. These 

traces are in due course of time are fossilized and preserved as "trace fossils". Studies in 

this direction have shown two types of marks of surface trails in the Cambrian rocks which 

indicate the movements of arthropods and annelids. Diversified organic remains have also 

been recorded from Kolkur, Gundgurthi and Chennur viIIages, Bhima Basin, Karnataka. 

Gondwana sequence and associated coals 

The nature and habitat of plants which formed our precious coal reserves of Permian 

age (250-280 million years old) are being studied at the Institute. The studies of plant 

fossils from Auranga Coalfield, Bihar have revealed the presence of Verlebraria axes in the 

coal seam. The vertical position of these axes in the coal seams may indicate their i" siw 

preservation. 

The first appearance of Jlowering plants, i.e., angiosperms, is stiIl an enigma for 

palaeobotaoisls. Our continued efforts to find out megafossils of angiosperms in the Early 

Cretaceous ( Ion 10 140 mi Ilion years old rocks) have revealed the presence of a fos5iI huit,

1994-95 

namcd as B/I/eacarpOIl. in the intertrappean bcds at Sonajori locality of Rajmahal 13asin. 

Rihar. Its resemblancc with the fruit of the modern genus Bu/ea reveals the definite rccord 

of an angiosperm mcgafossil in the Rajmahal Formation. 

The analysis of fossil spores. pollcn and other organic material of Lower Permian 

Barakar coals from Talcher Coalfield. Orissa indicates that low energy. lacustrine conditions 

were prevailing during the deposition of these sediments (at about 270 million years 

hack). 

Evolution of life is a continuous process in nature which has been operative from 

thc beginning of life on eatth through millions of years. The study of characters of various 

fossils found in differcnt geological agcs unfolds the mystery of evolution in plant life. In 

onc of such studies when the bladders of modern conifer pollen. which are hollow. were 

compat·ed with fossil pollcn of similar configurations it was found that this character initiatcd 

at about 250 million years back. 

The study of spores and pollen found in the coal seams is an important area of 

research at the Institute. In search of new coal reservoirs. the organisations like Geological 

Survey of India and Mineral Exploration Corporation of India. are having extensive drilling 

programmes in virgin areas. The determination of age of the coal-bearing horizons found in 

these bore-cores is an essential part for further exploration and exploitation of this important 

fossil fuel. The palaeobotanical analyses of spores. pollen and other organic material 

found in these core materia! of several bore-holes from Godavari Basin. Andhra Pradesh. 

Panagarh area in West Bengal. Rajmahal area in Bihar. Talcher Coalfield in Orissa. and 

Sohagpur and Pachmarhi areas in Madhya Pradesh have been carried out and the age and 

correlation of assemblages found in the coal-bearing sequences of rocks have been suggested. 

Quality and grade of Indian coals and lignites 

The microscopic study of coal pellets under fluorescent light reveals certain characters 

of coalslIignites which are helpful in determining their quality and grade. This is one 

of the important techniques for which the expertise has been developed at the Institute. In 

continuation of our efforts to analyse the Indian coals/Iignites. the studies were extended to 

the Hura Coalfield. Bihar and Panandhro Iignitefield, Gujarat. 

Such investigations were also carried out on bore-core samples from Chuperbhita 

Coalficld. Rajmahal at·ea. Bihar and Koyagudem area. Godavari Basin. Andhra Pradesh to 

asscss the gelitication index of coals. A critical evaluation of published literature on the 

rcactivities of celtain components during carbonisation of the Indian Gondwana coals has 

also been made. 

Flowering plants of the past and palaeoenvironment 

The plants which bear flowers belong to the most recently evolved group in the 

history of plant kingdom through time. They are supposed to have appeared during Early 

Cretaceous. i.e.• about 120 million years back. and dominated the scenario of the world 

2

BSIP 

vegetation during the last 60 million years. The quest for understanding the origin and 

diversification of flowering plants is one of the important areas of research iR palaeobotany. 

During the year attempts were continued to study the varied types of fossil pollen 

which belong to flowering plants. The study of subsurface sediments near Kapurdi and 

Jalipa near Barmer, Rajasthan reveals striking resemblance with Matanomadh Formation 

of Kutch in its pollen content. A Palaeocene-Eocene age (about 55 million years back) has 

been suggested for this pollen flora. This assemblage indicates a low-land, fresh-water 

swamp-type environment of deposition, with water edge and coastal elements. 

In order to build up the model of vegetational changes through time, sequence of 

rocks are analysed for the types of pollen found in them. Such a study was conducted from 

Kalakot area, Jammu where three characteristic zones of pollen assemblage have been identified 

which are correlated with those described from Kalka-Simla and Banethi-Bagthan 

area of Himachal Pradesh. The composition of spores, pollen and other plant microfossils 

reveals a shallow marine environment of deposition for the sediments of Subathu Formation. 

Well-preserved flowers are rarely found as fossils. The search of such fossils from 

the Palaeocene (55-65 million years old) sediments of Barmer, Rajasthan and Makum 

Coalfield, Assam has resulted in the finding of spike-like male flowers of Nipa palm. This 

has a bearing on the past distribution of paJrns on the Indian Peninsula. 

Pollen analysis of sedimentary core from Berijam Lake, Palni Hills, Tamil Nadu 

has revealed three vegetational stages. Phase I (20,000 to 16,000 years before present) 

records the existence of grassland; Phase II (16,000 to 4,000 years before present) reveals 

the appearance of herbaceous plants associated with Shola forest, with decrcase in grasses 

and amelioration of climate to warm and humid; Phase 111(4,000 years before present till 

date) indicates increasing cold and decreasing humid climatic regime. 

Similar studies on fossil pollen recovered in the bore-core from Sadanand area, 

Mahanadi delta, Orissa have deciphered the occurrence of distinct transgression and regression 

of sea at 40,000 years before present in this region. The age of these events has 

been determined by the C-14 method at the Carbon-dating laboratory of the Institute. 

Distribution of plant fossils and geography of the past 

During the remote past, the Himalayan region of the present time was occupied by 

a sea - named as Tethys. The plant fossils found in the Tethyan Himalaya relate the story 

of floral affinity with mainland Indian Peninsula 00 one hand and the Middle East-Angara 

China on the other. Relationship of floras also reflects the geographic positions of various 

regions during the geol(Jgical past. 

There are several programmes in which the sediments of Himalaya are investigated 

for plant fossils. Some of such studies undertaken during the year have revealed that the 

spore and pollen flora from Niti, Spiti and Kashmir Himalaya had a close affinity with the 

floras of Gondwana during Permian and Triassic time, i.e., about 220-270 million years 

back. 

3


It has been found that Thlsi (Ocimum) was existing at about 50 million years back 

on the Indian subcontinent. The Early Eocene sediments from Kuchaur - Benia area, Bikaner 

District, Rajasthan have yielded hexacolpate pollen which resemble the pollen of Thlsi 

(Ocimum). Further researches may throw light on the distribution of this plant in other parts 

of the peninsula. 

The study of plant megafossils collected from the Siwaliks of West Bengal, Uttar 

Pradesh and Nepal indicates the prevalence of tropical conditions with plenty of rainfall at 

the time of sedimentation. Similarly, the plant remains collected from Northeast India also 

reveals tropical conditions with high precipitation. 

Phytoplankton 

stratigraphy 

The study of fossil planktonic assemblages in the marine sedimentaries is an impOltant 

aspect of oceanography modelling of the past. In this area of research, the study of 

dinoflagellate cysts from the Cretaceousffertiary of Meghalaya and East Coast petroliferous 

basin has been continued. 

The occurrence of Early Miocene nannofossils in volcanogenic sediments of Lacum 

Point Section of Havelock Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands suggests an assignment of 

assemblage to Nannofossil zone: HelicosplJaera ampliaperta (NN4) which is an important 

oil-bearing horizon in South-east Asian basins. This also marks an event matching the opening 

of Andaman Sea. 

Data on fossil diatoms and silicoflagellates from Anderson and Interview islands 

have been compiled. 

Climate of the recent past 

In response to the yearly seasons, characteristic growth rings form in the tree trunks. 

These tree-rings are the chronometers of climatic changes which have occurred during the 

life of a tree. It has been found that a good correlation between tree growth and summer 

precipitation exists in the master chronology (1872 to 1989 AD) developed for Teak (TecTOlla 

gralldis) from Korzi, Andhra Pradesh. 

Studies on the age determjnation by C-14 dating and that of the climate by pollen 

analysis were catTied out on the Quaternary sedimentary profiles from Himachal Pradesh. 

This investigation has indicated that a cold arid climate was prevailing at about 1,900 yeat's 

before present in the area of study. 

Plant remains from Pre- and Proto-Historic sites 

The archaeological sites are the treasure houses of plant remains in the form of 

cat'bonjzed seeds, fruits, wood-charcoals and other parts. The study of these remains 

known as Archaeobotany, deciphers agricultural practices of a pat·ticular culture, am] interaction 

of pre-historic man with floral wealth of that time. The Institute's programme concerning 

at'chaeobotanical researches has brought out interesting results. The hotanical remains 

recovered from Banawali, district Hisar, Haryana demonstrate a rich and vat'ied plant 

economy of Pre-Harappan and Mature Harappan communities, from 2,750 to 2.t)()() H.C. 

4


Crop remains recovered from Pre-Harappan period (2,750-2,500 B.C.) include barley, wheat, 

jwar, gram, pea, lentil, til, etc. In the Mature Harappan period (2,500-2,000 B.C.) rice, 

moong and date are additionally found. 

From the same site, discovery of a carbonized sample having components of herbal 

shampoo - reetha, shikakai and anwala (2,750-2,500 B.C.), suggests that the Pre-Harappan 

communities in India knew the properties of these plant products. 

Other Activities 

During the year, 60 research papers and 30 abstracts have been published and 73 

papers were submitted for publication. Twenty research papers were presented in the National 

and International conferences. This year, 28 scientists were deputed to conferences 

in the country, 9 scientists to foreign International conferences. In the Institute, 7 lectures 

were delivered by the scientists from other institutions, while 24 scientists of the Institute 

delivered lectures in other organisations. 

Distinguisbed visitors in the Institute's Museum (from left to right-Professor C.Y. Subramanian, 

Professor Salish Dbawan, Professor U.R. Rao, Professor K. Kasturirangan and Dr R.S. ChatuIvedi).

BSIP 

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SAHM' INSTITUTE OF 

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~~~ 

A view of the Institute's stall at 82nd Indian Science Congress Exhibition, 

Calcutta. 

Under the In-House-Training programme for computer training, 49 members of 

the Institute were trained in three batches; eight members of Geology and Botany Departments, 

Lucknow University, Lucknow were also invited for the training. A geological excursion 

was organised by the Institute for studying the geomorphological and sedimentary 

features in the catchment area of Gomti River and around Lucknow. 

Technical assistance has been provided to various universities and organisations 

for palynological dating of samples, scanning electron microscopy, petrology, and radiocarbon 

dating. The herbarium facilities have been provided to various institutes, colleges 

and universities of the country. About 600 samples have been collected for tbe Herbarium, 

which include plant specimens, fruits and seeds. Under a special programme - Palaeobotany 

for Education, several specimens offossil plants were sent to various educational institutions 

in the country. Scientists from USA, UK, South Africa, West Indies, France and 

6

BSIP 

Sri Pranab Mukherjee, Minister for External Affairs, Government of India showing keen interest in the 

exhibits. 

Hungary visited the Institute's Museum. Besides, several other distinguished visitors and 

members of educational institutions in the country also visited the Museum. During the 

year,. forty-five field excursions were undertaken by the scientists of the Institute and 2,106 

specimens and 5,294 samples were collected from 127 localities. TIlis collection shall be 

taken up for palaeobotanical investigations in the next year, i.e., 1995-96. 

Exhibitions were arranged by the Institute at the 82nd Indian Science Congress, 

Calcutta and at the Regional Science Centre, Lucknow on the National Science Day, on the 

themes "Lab to Man" and "Science for Health", respectively. On the occasion of National 

Science Day, a Quiz Competition was organised in collaboration with the Regional Science 

Centre, Lucknow and prizes were distributed to the winners. About 600 students of 10 

educational institutions visited the Institute on this occasion. 

The Institute has pubHshed numbers 2 and 3 of Volume 42 of the journal - The 

Palaeobotanist, and the Annual Reports for the year 1993-94, both in English and Hindi. A 

special publication on "Coaliferous fossil fuel resources of India: Parameters of studies in 

palynology and biopetrology" is in process. 

A state-of-the-art machine for thin-sectioning of rocks comprising plant fossils has 

been installed; this facility shall cater the needs of our depattments who require finely 

finished sections for their study. 

7


During the year 1994-95, the Electronic Data Processing Unit has acquired a number 

of HCL-HP machines. Now the total number of systems installed in the Institute is 25, 

including nine ATs (3 486DX/33 (t 6 486SX/25). Different soft wares, viz., 

COREL, VENTURA 4.2, MS Windows 3.1, and FoxPRO 2.6 have been procured which 

will enhance the use of computer in publications and other developmental works. 

Under the programme of consultancy services on palynology, biopetrology and 

radiometric dating, the faciHties have been provided to eight organisations. 

The Founder's Day was celebrated at the Institute on 14 November, 1994 with 

floral tributes at the "Samadhi" of Professor Sahni. On this occasion, the "24th Birbal Sahni 

Memorial Lecture" and " 40th Sir Albert Charles Seward Memorial Lecture" were delivered 

by Professor B.M. JoOO, Scientist Emeritus, Botany Department, University of Delhi 

and Dr M.A. Rau, Mysore, Former Deputy Director, Botanical Survey of India, respectively. 

Besides scientific activities, the Institute celebrated the National festivals - Independence 

Day and Republic Day, with great enthusiasm. On these occasions indoor and 

Pushpanjali 

at Professor Birha! Sahni's Samadhi.

BSIP 

On Founder's Day Function-from left Dr K.P. Jain, Dr M.A. Rau, Dr R.S. Tiwari, Dr O.P. Agrawal 

(Chief Guest), Professor B.M. Johri and Dr G. Rajagopalan. 

outdoor games, and cultural programmes were organised by tbe Staff Welfare Committee. 

The staff members and tbeir families took part in tbese functions. 

The Nagar Rajbhasha Karyanvayan Samiti has given a "Certificate" to tbe Institute 

for tbe year 1993-94 for doing commendable work in Hindi. On tbe occasion of Hindi 

Diwas, several competitions like debate, essay writing and Hindi typing, etc., were organised 

and prizes were distributed to tbe winners. 

The Government of India appointed tbe Fourtb Review Committee for tbe Birbal 

Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany. It consisted of Professor W.G. Chaloner as Chairman, Professor 

R.A. Spicer, Professor K.S. Valdiya and Dr M.A. Rau as Members, and Sri Ashok 

Harnal from tbe Department of Science and Technology, Government of India as Secretary. 

The meeting of the Committee was held during 16-21 January, 1995. The Committee vis- 

9

BSIP 

On Founder's Day Function-from left Dr K.P. Jain, Dr M.A. Ran, Dr R.S. Tiwari, Dr a.p. Agrawal 

(Chief Guest), Professor B.M. Johri and Dr G. Rajagopalan. 

outdoor games, and cultural programmes were organised by the Staff Welfare Committee. 

The staff members and their families took part in these functions. 

The Nagar Rajbhasha Karyanvayan Samiti has given a "Certificate" to the Institute 

for the year 1993-94 for doing commendable work in Hindi. On the occasion of Hindi 

Diwas, several competitions like debate, essay writing and Hindi typing, etc., were organised 

and prizes were distributed to the winners. 

The Government of India appointed the Fourth Review Committee for the Birbal 

Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany. It consisted of Professor W.G. Chaloner as Chairman, Professor 

R.A. Spicer, Professor KS. Valdiya and Dr M.A. Rau as Members, and Sri Ashok 

Harnal from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India as Secretary. 

The meeting of the Committee was held during 16-21 January, 1995. The Committee vis- 

9


Saraswati 

Vand,mo. 

ited various departments/sections/units 

of the Institute, had meetings with various cadres of 

the Institute's staff and gone through various documents pertaining to the I:tistory, development 

and achievements of the Institute. Future plans of the Institute were also discussed in 

detail. The recommendations of the Review Committee and the decisions of the Governing 

Body are being implemented. 

The total strength of the Institute Staff is one hundred ninety, out of them eightyfour 

are SCientists and rest include technical and administrative staff members. Seventeen 

appointments and eighteen promotions have been made during the year. One staff member 

retired from the service. 

The Institute has lost a young member, Sri Rajendra Kumar, Peon, after a prolonged 

illness. 

On-Going Efforts: 1?95 - 96 

During the year 1995-96 most of the programmes already identified under different 

projects will continue. The efforts on the investigation of following aspects will be 

continued. 

The macro- and microbiota representing early life forms will be studied in 

Bainkuiyan and Bhima Basin. The work on calcareous algae from Bagh beds and 

·Ttruchirapalli District shall be completed. The study of plant fossils from Auranga, Iharia, 

South Rewa Basin, Raniganj, Karanpura, Bokaro and Talcher coalfields; and Rajmahal and 

10

BSIP 

Chief Guest-Dr O.P. Agrawal. accepting the flowers from Dr R.S. Tiwari, Director, BSIP. 

Professor B.M. Johri accepting the flowers from Dr R.S. Tiwari, Director, BSIP. 

11

1994--95 

On Independence Day celebrations a baby presenting her song. 

Gangapur beds is to be continued for building-up tbe floras tbrough ages. The investigations 

will help to understand tbe evolutionary lineages and significance of plant fossils in 

stratigraphy. The ultrastructural studies of plant parts - cuticles, seeds, megaspore, etc. 

are also planned which will facilitate tbe taxonomic placement and also tracing tbe affinity 

witb tbe parent plant group. The efforts for palynodating of coal-bearing sediments in 

Rajmahal, Panagarh, Deocha-Pachami areas, Raniganj, Sohagpur, Pali-Parsora, Tatapani 

Ramkola, Kotbagudem and Satpura Basin of peninsular India are to be made which have a 

bearing on coal exploration. Studies on Spiti Himalaya, peri-Gondwana and Arunachal 

Pradesh will be carried out to correlate tbe marine and non-marine palynological assemblages 

as well as plant megafossils. Such study has immense value for chronostratigraphy 

of non-marine sequences. 

Cenozoic vegetation and plant biogeography are planned to be studied in tbe Deccan 

Intertrappean sediments in Madbya Pradesh and also in tbe Tertiary sediments from Assam, 

Bihar, Bengal, Kerala, Rajastban, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat. Likewise, 

the studies of microfossils, Le., phytoplank1on are to be continued for tbeir biostratigraphical 

aspects in Cauvery Basin and Andaman and Nicobar islands. 

The flora and vegetational pattern in Quaternary sediments will be studied in Silent 

Valley, soutb India, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh and Garhwal Himalaya. Studies in tbe 

mangrove vegetation from Chilka Lake, Mahanadi delta are to be continued. The efforts 

will be made to develop climatically responding tree ring chronologies. Analysis of tbe 

12

BSIP 

arcllaeobotanical remains from Kushan Period (100-300 A.D.) at Ludhiana, Punjab; Pre 

Harappan and Mature Harappan cultures (2300-1700 B.C.) at Kaithal, Haryana and 600 

200 B.C. old site at Kudan, Nepal will be continued. The isotopic analysis on the deposits 

of Gangetic plain for dating of flood plain, coastal and lake deposits are to be continued. 

Under the project Geobotany, effOlts will be made for inslallation of Atomic Absorption 

Spectrometer to facilitate the analysis of material collected last year. The studies 

under a project on Palaeobiochemistry, the plant fossils from Garhwal Himalaya are 10 be 

taken up. 

Besides on-going programmes, some new programmes have been proposed in tile 

Institute. Similarly, collaborative programmes on mutual scientific support basis, with Geological 

Survey of India, Mineral Exploration Corporation Ltd. and Coal India Ltd. will be 

undertakcn. TIlls will enhance the multi-Institutional collaboration in our projects. Apart 

from the resear·ch programmes, emphasis will be given to the In-House Seminars for young 

scientists, training course in geology lor non-geologists, generating computer databasc in 

various disciplines and writing of popular articles to popularise palaeobotany amongst the 

common man. 

13

BSIP 

Organisational Structure 

Governing Body 

Chairman 

Professor C. V. Subramanian 

"Anjaneya", Plot 885 

62 Ramaswami SaIai 

K.K. Nagar 

Madras 600 078 

Members 

Professor 

M.S. Srinivasan 

Department of Geology 

Banaras Hindu University 

Varanasi 221 005 

Secretary or his Nominee 

Department of Science and Technology 

Technology Bhavan 

New Mehrauli Road 

New Delhi 110016 

Sri S.B. Krishnan 

Joint Secretary & Financial Adviser 

DepaI1ment of Science and Technology 




Dr P.K. Hajra 

Director 

Botanical Survey of India 

1'-8, Brabourne Road 

Calcutta 700 00 1 

I 4


Sri D. B. Dimn 

Director-General 

Geological 

Survey of India 

27, Jawaharlal NehllJ Road 

Calculla 700 016 

Dr S.C.D. Sah 

9, Vikaspuram Enclave 

New Forest 

Dehradun 248 00 I 

Dr Vc. Thakur 

Director 

Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology 

Dehradun 248 001 


Depmtmenl 

S.K. Singh 

of Geology 

Lucknow University 

Lucknow 226 007 

Member-Secretary 

Director 

Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany 


Assistant Secretary (Non-member) 

Registrar 



Chairman 

Director 

Birhal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany 


Research Advisory Council 

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BSIP 

Members 

Dr S.C.D. Sah 

9, Yikaspuram Enclave 

New Forest 


Dr K.S. Manilal 

DepaJ1ment of Botany 

University of Cali cut 

Cali cut 673 635 

Pro fessor C. K. Yarshney 

School of Environmental 

Jawaharlal Nehru University 

New Delhi 110 067 

Sciences 

Professor CG. K. Ramanujam 

Palaeobotany-Palynology Laboratory 

DepaJ1ment of Botany 

P.o. CoIlege of Science 

Osmania University, Saifabad 

Hyderabad 500 004 

Professor B.L.K. Somayajulu 

Physical Research Laboratory 

Navrangpura 

Ahmedabad 380 009 

Dr N.D. Mitra 

Senior Deputy Director General 

Geological Survey of India 

Calcutta 700 016 

Professor Y.N. Raja Rao 

Centre of Advanced Study in Botany 

University of Madras 


I 6


Professor D.O. Nautiyal 

Department of Botany 

Ailahabad University 

Allahabad 211 002 

Dr Jagdish Pandey 

KDM Institute of Petroleum Exploration 

Oil & Natural Gas Commission 

Dehradun 248 195 

Convener 

Senior-most Deputy Director 



Special 

Invitee 

Deputy Director General 

J ncharge Northern Region 

Geological Survey of India 


Secretary (Non-member) 

Registrar 

l3irbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany 


Chairman 


C. V. Subramanian 

"Anjaneya". Plot 885 

62 Ramaswami Salai 

K.K. Nagar 


Finance and Building Committee 

1 7

BSIP 

Members 

SI; S.B. Krishnan 

Joint Secretary 

& Financial Adviser 

Department 

of Science & Technology 




Sri S.P. Elhence 

Chief Engineer (Retd.) 

P.W.D., U.P. 

B-87, Indira Nagar 


Nominee of Secretary to the Government of India, 

Department of Science & Technology 




Professor S. K. Singh 

Department 

of Geology 



Chief Engineer 

U.P.P.W.D. or his nominee 

Mahatma Gandhi Marg 


Secretary 

Director 

BirbaJ Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany 


18


Assistant Secretary (Non-member) 

Registrar 



I 9

BSIP 

National Organizing Committee for Golden Jubilee Year 

Convener 

Dr R.S. Tiwari 

Director 

Birbal Sabni Institutc of Palaeobotany 


Members 

Dr (Mrs) P. Farooqui 

Director (Science & Technology Promotion) 

Department of Science & Technology 



Professor R.C. Misra 

3, RamakJ'ishna Marg 

Faizabad Road 


Sri Kuldeep Chandra 

KDM Institute of Petroleum Exploration 

Management Services: Exploration 

Oil & Natural Gas Commission 


Professor S.K. Singh 

Department of Geology 



Professor c.P. Sharma 

Botany Department 



Dr Sushi 1 Kumar' 

Dircctor 

Ccntral Institutc of Medicinal 


& Aromatic Plarlts 

20


Sri D.M. Dimri 

Director General 

Geological Survey of IndJa 


Dr P.K. Hajra 

Director, Botanical Survey of India 


Dr P.Y. Sane 

Director 

National Botanical Research Institute 


Dr Y.C. TIlakur 

Director 

Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology 


Dr R.N. Lakhanpal 

13-21, Sector A, Mahanagar 


Secretary 

Sri S.c. Bajpai 

Registrar 



21

BSIP 

International Geological Correlation Programmes 

I GCP Project no. 2.37 

IGCP Project no. 303 




"Floras of Gondwanic continents" 

R.S. TIwari 

Member, Natio.nal Wo.rking Group 

H.K. Maheshwari 

Co.-convener, Natio.nal Wo.rking Group 

"Precambrian-Cambrian events stratigraphy" 

P.K. Maithy 

Member, Natio.nal Working Group 

R. Babu 

Member, Natio.nal Wo.rking Group 

"Neo-Proterozoic 

events and resources" 

Manoi Shukla 

Cl)ITespo.nding Memher, Internatio.nal Wo.rking Group 

"Palaeogeographic and palaeoecologic evolution of 

Paratethyan basins during Neogene and their correlation 

to global scales" 

R.K. Saxena 

Member, Natio.nal Working Group 

"Nonmarine Triassic" 

R.S. TIwari 

Memhcr, Internatio.nal Wo.rking Group 

Vijaya 

Member, Internatio.nal Working Group 

22


Lectures Delivered 

By / nstitute's scientists 

R.S.Tiwari 

K.P.Jain 


P.K. Maithy 

"Concepts,potential andprospects of palynology", U.G.c. 

sponsored Refresher Course, Department of Geology. 

Lueknow University, Lueknow (A series of two lectures). 

"Palynoevent biostratigraphy in Gondwana sequence", 

Botany Department, Allahabad University, Allahabad. 

"Fossil dinoflagellates and their significance in geological 

exploration", U.G.c. sponsored Refresher Course, Department 

of Geology, University of Lucknow. 

"Palaeobotany: An illlroduction", U.G.c. sponsored Refresher 

Course, Department of Geology, University of 

Lucknow. 

"Indian Gondwana: Palaeobotany",U.G.c. 

sponsored Refresher 

Course, Department of Geology, Lucknow University, 

Lucknow. 

"Earliest traces of life", U.G.c. sponsored Refresher 

Course, Geology Department, Lucknow University, 

Lucknow. 

"Emergence of animals", U.G.C. sponsored Refresher 

Course, Geology Department, Lueknow University, 

Lucknow. 

G. Rajagopalan 

"Evidences for earliest traces of life", Geology 

ment, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa. 

DepaI1 

"C-N dating method: principle, technique and limitations", 

Geology DepaI1ment, Kumaon University, Nainital. 

"Radiocarbon dating method and its applications 10 the 

study of vegetational changes and climatic inferences", 

u.G.c. sponsored Refresher Course, Botany DepaJ1ment, 

Lucknow University, Lucknow. 

"Dating methods for geological samples", U.G.c. 

spon- 

23

BSIP 

Anil Chandra 

sored Refresher Course, Geology Department, Lucknow 

University, Lucknow (A series of two lectures). 

"Elements of diatom s/lldy", U.G.c. sponsored Refresher 


Lucknow. 

Shaila 

Chandr? 

"Silicoflagellates and cleaning of siliceous microfossils", 

U. G.C. sponsored Refresher Course, DepaI1ment of Geol· 

ogy, Lucknow University, Lucknow. 

"Origin of life", Geology Department, Delhi University, 

Delhi. 

"Land plants and their evollllion", Geology Department, 

Delhi University, Delhi. 

"Gondwana flora", Geology Department, Delhi University, 

Delhi. 

"Palaeoclimate and palaeogeography during Gondwana 

time period", Geology Department, Delhi University, 

Delhi. 

"Reconstructing past vegetation", Geology DepaItment, 

Delhi University, Delhi. 

S.A. Jafar 

"Early land plants and their evolution", U.G.c. sponsored 

Refresher Course, Geology Depmment, Lucknow University, 

Lucknow. 

"Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of plant 

material", ISIC Centre, Punjab University, Chandigarh. 

"Phytoplankton Symmelly", Centre for Advanced Studies 

in Geology, Punjab University, Chandigarh. 

"Calcareous nannofossils: A major component of Mesozoic-Cenozoic 

pelagic sediments", U.G.C. sponsored Refresher 


Lucknow. 

"Impact of calcareous nannofossil research: Academic 

and economic scenario", U.G.c. sponsored Refresher 


Lucknow. 

R.K. Kar 

24 

"Concept of Palaeoecology", Botany DepaI1ment, Pune 

University, Pune.


Rahul 

Garg 

"Fossil radiolaria through time". U.G.c. sponsored Refresher 

Course, Depallment of Geology, Lucknow University, 

Lucknow. 

"Significance of radiolarians in Palaeoceanography", 

U.G.c. sponsored Refresher Course, Depallment of Geology, 


C.M. Nautiyal 

A.K. Srivastava 

N.Jha 

H.A. Khan 

Pramod Kumar 

B.K. Misra 

C. Srivastava 

Vijaya 

Asha Gupta 

"Meteori/es : The space messengers". Regional Science 

Centre, Lucknow. 

"Insect/Plant relationship ill Late Palaeozoic flora of India", 

U.G.c. sponsored Refresher Course, Zoology Depallment. 


"Permian Triassic paly"ology of Godavari graben alld its 

comparison wi/h o/her Gondwana continell/s". Exploration 

Division, Singal'eni Collieries Co. Ltd., Kothagudem. 

Pas/ and present", Amravati Univer 

"Pol/en and spores: 

sity, Amravati. 

"Importance of palynological studies in stra/igraphic correia/ions 

wilh special reference /0 coal horiZOIlS", Geology 

Division of MECL. Nagpur. 

"Fauna, flora and ellvironmen t during Cretaceous Period", 

U.G.C. sponsored Refresher Course, Zoology Depallment, 


- "Fluorescence microscopy of Indian coals alld lignites". 

Staff Training College of Central Mine Planning and Design 

Institute Ltd., Raneh.i. 

"Use of medicinal plants in ancient India", National Science 

Day Lecture, Nari Shik.sha Niketan, Lueknow. 

"Evoilltionary biollOrizon s/ratigraphy in Gondwana sequellce 

of India", Department of Palynology and 

Palaeobotany, Nanjing Institute, China. 

- "Applications of palynology with reference 10 b'yophytic 

and pteridophylic spores", Felicitation ceremony, BaI'eilly 

College, Bareilly. 

Jyotsana 

Mukund 

Rai 

Sharma 

"Science and superslition", to school ch.ildren at B.S. 1.1'. 

"Microfloral diversify of Mesoproterozoic sedimellls of India", 

Geological Society of India, Bangalore. 

25

BSIP 

Rajni Tewari 

"Birbal Salmi Institute of Palaeobotany and an introduction 

to palaeobotany", National Science Day Lecture, Nal'i 

Shiksha Niketan Degree College, Lucknow. 

By outside scielltists ill the Illstitllte 

Dr M.M. Narayanan 

Nuclear Centre, New Delhi "NSC pelletron and accelerator 

mass spectrometry" on April 12, 1994. 

Dr Triloehan Singh Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun "Geological 

and cultural glimpses of Spiti Valley" on May 19. 

1994. 

Professor John Anderson - National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa "Towards 

na/Llral reality in palaeobotanical biodiversity" on 

September 28, 1994. 

Professor e.F'. Hart Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, U.S.A. "Particulate 

organic malter/organic PeTrology" on November 11, 


Dr S.A. Rasool Director, IGBP, Data and Information System, University 

of Paris, France "Remote sensing and global changes" on 

December 30, 1994. 

Dr Rati Ahmad University of the West Indies, Jamaica. "Evolution of alluvialfans 

in neotectonic terranes located in PlaTe BOLlndary 

Zone: An examplefromJamaica. West Indies" on January 

4,1995. 

Professor W.G. Chaloner ~ BOUine Royal Holloway, University of London, ''Naming 

offossil spores" on January 21,1995. 

26


Recognition 

Nagar Rajbhasha Karyanvayan Samiti gave a "Certificate" 

to the Institute [or the year 1993-94 for "Following and 

doing commendable work under Rule 11 o[the Rajbhasha 

Act". 

R.S. Tiwari 

Chief Guest, National Workshop on "National Children 

Science Congress - 1994", held at Regional Science Cen 

!J'e, Lucknow. 

Chaired the Inaugural Session o[State level "National Children 

Science Congress - 1994", held at B.S.I.P. 

Presided the Valedictory and Prize DislJibution Functions 

of "National Children Science Congress - 1994" 


P. K. Maithy 

Chaired, a Technical Session at "Symposium on Rece11lAdvances 

in geological studies of Northwest Himalaya and 

the foredeep", G.S.I., Lucknow. 

Awarded "First Prize" and Rs. 5001- by B.S.I.P. [or doing 

the maximum official work in Hindi. 

Judge, for the debate competition on Hindi Diwas (September 

14, 1994), B.S.J.P., Lucknow. 

Chief Judge, Science Drama Competition, National Regional 

Science Centre, Lucknow. 

Ani! Chandra 

H.P. Gupta 

Elected Fellow, The Palaeobotanical 


Society, Lucknow. 

Society, Lucknow 

S.A. Jafar 

Invited by President, INA to deliver keynote lecture on 

"Miocene nannoplankton of Indian Ocean" at Nannosea 

Workshop, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (August, 1994). 


Society, Lucknow. 

C.M. Nautiyal 

Guest, Regional Science Centre, Lucknow during the Inaugural 

Function o[ Space Science Week. 

Guest, Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 

Lucknow on Hindi Diwas and was presented a Plaque [or 

conlJibutions to Science Popularisation in H.indi. 

27

BSIP 

J.S.Antal 

&B.K.Jain 

N.Jha 

Asha Khandelwal 

R.Babu 

Asha Gupta 

A. Rajanikanth 

Mukund 

Rashmi 

Kavita 

Sharma 

Srivastava 

Kumar 

Reeta Banerji 

Ramesh Chandra 

R. Kukreti & 

Prem Prakash 

Judge. competition during Space Week at Regional Science 

Centre. Lucknow. 

Awarded "Second Prize" and Rs. 3001- each 

maximum official work in Hindi. 

for doing the 

Awarded "Second Prize" in Essay Competition conducted 

by Rajbhasha Karyanvayan Samiti of the Institute on the 

occasion of Hindi Diwas. 

Convener of Poster Session "VI Aerobiology epidemiology 

and disease forecasting/dispersal of biotic and abiotic 

particles/computer and statistical applications in Aerobiology". 

5th International Conference on Aerobiology, 

Bangalore. 

Selected for National overseas scholarship for higher studies 

abroad by the Ministry of Welfare, Government of 

India, 1994-1995. 

Elected Fellow, and awarded a Memento 

for Plant Research. 

by the Society 

Awarded 'Third Prize" in Debating Competition, organised 

by the Rajbhasha Karyanvayan Samiti of the Institute on 

thc occasion of Hindi Diwas. 

Awarded "First Prize" in the Essay Competition organised 



Awarded "Second Prize" for his article Dhoomketu Ka 

Dhamaka presented in a Workshop organised by NCSTC 

and Bhartiya Lok Sanchar Parishad at Lucknow. 

Awarded "Merit Certificate" for Second Position in a debate 

organised by Rajbhasha Karyanvayan Samiti of the 

Institute on the occasion of Hindi Diwas. 

Awarded "Third Prize" in Essay Competition organised 

by Rajbhasha Karyanvayan Samiti of the Institute on Ole 


Awarded "First Prize" in Debating Competition organised 



Awarded "Third Prize" and Rs. 150/- each by B.S.J.P. for 

doing the maximum official work in Hindi. 

28


R.S.Tiwari 

Representation in CommitteeslBoards 

• Chief Editor, 'The PalaeoboulIlist' 

Secretary, The Palaeobotanical Society, Lucknow (up to 

December, 1994) 

Co-Editor, 'Asian Journal of Plant Sciences' 

• President, International Society of Applied Biology 

Member, Editorial Board, 'Biological 

Memoirs' 

• Member, National Organising Com millee, IV International 

Congress of Ethnobiology 

• Corresponding Member, Committee for Quantitative 

Stratigraphy 

Member, National Organising Commillee, Symposium on 

Recent Advances in Geological Studies of Northwest 

Himalaya and the foredeep, Lucknow 

Member, Executive Council, The Palaeobotanical 

Society 

K.P. Jain 

Secretary, Indian Association 

of Palynostratigraphers 

Member, Executive Commillee, The Palaeobotanical Society 

(up to December, 1994) 

Editor, 'The Palaeobotal/isl' 


Member, Commillee for Fossil Planls, International Association 

for Plant Taxonomy 

• Editor, Indian Association of Palynostratigraphers 


P.K. Maithy 



Member, Editorial Board 'Geoviews' 

Member, National Organising Committee, 

Society oflndia, Calcutta 

Nuclear Track 

Member, Academic Committee of School of Archaeological 

Dating, .Iadavpur University 

29

BSIP 

Anand-Prakash Treasurer, The Palaeobotanical Society (up to December, 

1994) 

• Treasurer, Indian Association of Palynostratigraphers 

Member, Executive Council, The Palaeobotanical 

Lucknow 

Society, 

• Member, Solid Mineral Fuels Sectional Committee, Bureau 

of Indian Standards 

N. Awasthi Vice-President, The Palaeobotanical Society (since January, 

1995) 

Chief Editor, 'GeophylOlogy' (up to December, 1994) 

Anil Chandra Member, Executive Council, Palaeontological Society of 

India, Lucknow 

Shaila Chandra 

• Editor, 'Geophytology' (up to December, 1994) 

• Vice-President, Indian Society of Geoscientists 

Member, Steering Committee, Golden Jubilee Celebration 

of The Palaeobotanical Society 

H.P. Gupta 

• The Secretary, The Palaeobotanical Society (since January, 


Business Manager, Indian Association of 

Pal ynostrati graphers 

S.A. Jafar 

• Organizing Secretary, Lucknow Chapter, Zaheer Science 

Foundation, New Delhi 

• Member, Editorial Committee, Symposium on "Recent 

advances on geological studies of Northwest Himalaya and 

the foredeep" 

R.K. Kar 

Suresh 

C. Srivastava 

Founder Member, Indian National Earth Science Academy 

• Chief Editor, 'Geophytology' (since January, 1995) 

• Member, CIMP, England 

C.M. Nautiyal Member, National Expert and Evaluation Committee, 

NCSC-94 

30 

• General Secretary, National Children's Science Congress 

- 1994 (U.P.)


• Member, State Coordination Committee on Jeevan Jyoti 

(I & B Ministry and UNICEF), 1994 

• Member, Organising Committee, 'Science Journalism 

Course' sponsored by NCSTC (DST), 1994. 

R.K. Saxena 


Secretary, Indian Society of Geoscientists 

• Member, Editorial Board,I.S.G. Bulletin 

• Member, Advisory Board, "Journal Neo Botanica" 

Editor, 'Geophytology' (since January, 1995) 

• Member, Editorial Board, Indian Society of GeOSCientists 

• Treasurer, Indian Society of GeOSCientists 

G.P. Srivastava Treasurer, The Palaeobotanical Society (since January, 


• Member, Editorial Board, 'Journal of Living world' 

Shyam 

Archana 

C. Srivastava 

Tripathi 

• Honorary Member, Palaeobotany: Botanical Society of 

America 

Editor, 'Geophytology' (since January, 1995) 

Usha Bajpai 

J.S. Guleria 

H.A. Khan 


B.K. Misra 

Rakesh Saxena 

Vijaya 

Member, Managing Council, Indian Association of 

Pal ynostratigraphers 

Member, Executive Council, The Palacobotanical Society 

(up to December, 1994) 

• Joint Secretary, The Palaeobotanical Society (since January, 


• Editor, 'lndian Journal of Bio-Research' 

Member, Executive Council, Indian Aerobiological 

Society 

Joint Secretary, Indian Society of Geoscientists 

• Associate 

Petrology 

Member, International Committee for Coal 

• Editor, "Geophytology" (up to December, 1994) 

Corresponding Member, Committee for Quantitative 

Stratigraphy 

on Tri 

COlTcsponding Mcmber, Intemational Commission 

assic Stratigraphy 

31

BSIP 

• Voting Member, International Working Group on 

Carboniferous Stratigraphy 

Asha Gupta Member, Editorial Board, InlernQ/iollal Research Journal 

all Biological Sciences - Flora alld Fallna 

A. Rajanikanth Joint Secretary, The Palaeobotanical Society (up to December 

1994) 

32


Deputation/Training/Study 

Nisit Abroad/in Country 

P.K. Maithy, H.P. Gupta & Sheenu Sharma 

Attended DST sponsored "6th Group MOllilOrillg Meetillg 011 SERC Projects on 

Eanh Sciences" held at Bhubaneshwar from FeblUary 16-18, 1995. 

S.A. Jafar 

Altended "Natiollal Workshop Oil Electroll Microscopy", held at J.S.J.C. Centre, 

Punjab University, Chandigarh in April, 1994. 

After attending the Nallllo-sea Workshop held at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia n·om 

August 16-18, 1994, visited Petronas, the Premier Oil Exploration Company headquarters. 

Suresh 

C. Srivastava 

After attending CIMP Symposium at Sheffield, visited British Geological Survey, 

Keywonh, Nottingham, England from September 10-16, 1994. 

C.M. Nautiyal 

Attended National Workshop on "Natiollal Children's Sciellce COllgress - 1994", 

held al Regional Science Cenu·e, Lucknow from April 8-10, 1994. 

ParUcipaled in consultation meeting organised by the Ministry of Information and 

BroadcasUng and UNICEF on "Electrollic Media" held al Dehradun in July, 1994. 

Attended Symposium on "INSA Youllg Scielltists: A 20 year retrospective", held at 

Indian NaUonal Science Academy, New Delhi Irom October 4-5, 1994. 

J.S. Antal, C.M. Nautiyal, A. Rajanikanth, M. Sharma & R. Srivastava 

Attended a Training Workshop on "Science Journalism" organised by National 

Council for Science and Technology Communication (NCSTC), Government of India held 

at Regional Science Centre, Lucknow from July 28-3 I, 1994. 

J.S. Guleria 

Attended a shortlraining course from FeblUary 25 10 March 4, 1995 al Logitech 

Ltd., Glasgow (U. K.) to operate Logitech cutting and polishing machine installed recently 

at the InsUtute; visited Geology Deprutment, University of Glasgow, Eruth Sciences Department 

of Open Hall University, Milton Keynes, Jodrell Laboratory of Wood Anatomy 

and Royal Botanic Gru·dens, Kcw at London during Mru·ch 4-9, 1995. 


Attended meetings of"Allllldia Coordinated Project Oil Aeroallergells alld Ill/mall 

33

BSIP 

health" sponsored by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India held at 

New Delhi from May 26-27,1994 and at Bangalore from August 10-15,1994. 

J.P. Mandai 

Visited laboratories of Geological Institute of Czech Academy of Sciences, Central 

Geological Institute, Palaeontology Department of Charles University, Natural History Museum 

and Botanical Garden of Prague during a visit to Czech Republic under INSA exchange 

programme from November 11 to December 9, 1994. 

B.K. Misra 

Visited Coal and Organic Petrology Laboratories of Technical University, Aachen; 

Federal Institute of Geological Sciences and Mineral Resources, Hannover and Geologisches 

Landesamt, Krefeld, besides Department of Geology, Koln University under International 

Exchange Programme of INSA-Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in June, 1994 for a period 

of three weeks. 

Vijaya 

After attending the "International Symposium on Permian Stratigraphy", Guiyang, 

China visited Institute of Palaeontology and Palynology, Nanjing, China from September 

1-5, 1994. 

A. Bhattacharyya 

After attending the "International Conference on Tree rings, environment and humanity: 

Relationship and processes" held at Thcson, Arizona (U.S.A.) during May 17-21, 

1994, visited the Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, USA for about 

one and half months. Application of several computer softwares for various statistical analysis 

used in the tree ring studies were learnt. 


Attended Third National Convention ISWA "What is wrong with Indian science" 

held at the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi [rom FebtUary 18-19, 1995. 

Mukund 

Sharma 

Atlended a fourteen week course on "Science Journalism" organised by Jeevaniya 

Society in collaboration with Lucknow University from FebtUary 11, 1995. 

Ramesh 

Chandra 

Attended "Technical Workshop on Administrative and establishment rilles" held at 

New Delhi from August 24-26,1994. 

34


Deputation to Conferences/Symposia/SeminarsIWorkshops 

K.P.Jain 

Mahesh Prasad 

Asha Gupta 

Chanchala 

A. Bhattacharyya 

G.P. Srivastava 

Srivastava 

• "9th Himnlaya-Karakorum-Tibet Workshop" held at 

Kathmandu (Nepal) from April 1-4, 1994. 

• "Workshop: Young Archaeologists Meet" held at Patna 

from April 9-14,1994. 

• "International Conference on Tree Rings, EIWirrmmenl and 

Humnnity : Relationships and Processess" held at Thcson, 

Arizona (USA) from May 17-21, 1994. 

• 

"Museum Association of India-Annual Conference" held 

at Lucknow from May 7-9, 1994. 

"International Satellite Symposium on Recent Advances 

in Phycology" held at Madras from July II-IS, 1994. 

"5th International Conference on Aerobiology" held at 

Bangalore from August 6-17, 1994. 

"Nanno-sea Workshop on Neogene Nannoplankton" held 

at Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) from August 16-18, 1994. 

Suresh 

N. Awasthi 

Rashmi 

C. Srivastava 

Srivastava 

R.K.Kar 


B.N.Jana 

Madhabi Chakraborty 

Prem Prakash 

Pradeep Mohan 

"International Symposium on Permian Stratigraphy, Environment 

and Resources" held at Gui yang (China) from 

August 28-31, 1994. 

"CIMP Symposium on Stratotypes and Stages: 

Palynology, Palaeoelwironment and Stratigraphy" held at 

Sheffield (England) from September 6-10, 1994. 

• "5th Round Table Conference on Dipterocarps" held at 

Chiang Mai (Thailand) from November 7-9,1994. 

"3rd Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference" held at 

Rotorua (New Zealand) from November 20-24, 1994. 

• "82nd Session of Indian Science Congress Association" 

held at Calcutta from January 3-8, 1995 (Installation of an 

Exhibition on Palaeobotany & applications by B.S.I.P. at 

ISC) 

35

BSIP 

Sheenu Sharma 

R.S. Tiwari 



Anand-Prakash 

Chhaya Sharma 

R.K.Saxena 

Manoj Shukla 

Vijaya 

Usha Bajpai 

Samir Sarkar 

Ram Awatar 

M.S. Chauhan 

Asha Gupta 


"XI Convention of Indian Association of Sedimelltologists 

Conference" held at Roorkee in January 1995. 

• "Symposium on Recent Advances in Geological Sllldies of 

Northwest Himalaya and the foredeep" held at OSI. 

Lucknow from FebnJary 21-23,1995. 

"IX National Symposium on Solid State Nuclear Track De· 

tectors (SSNTD-95)", held at BARC, Bombay from March 

8-JO,1995. 

36


Papers presented at Conferences/SymposialMeetings 

Arya, R. & Awasthi, N. - Leaf- impressions from Kasauli Formation, Kasauli, Himachal 

Pradesh and their palaeoecologic and palaeoenvironmental significance. Symp. Recent 

advances in geological studies of Northwest Himalayaalld theforedeep, G.S.I., Lucknow, 

FeblUary 1995. 

Awasthi, N. - Dipterocarpaceae in the Indian subcontinent: Past, present and future. V 

Round Table Conf, Chiang Mai, Thailand, November 1994. 

I3hattaeharyya, A. & Yadav, R.R. - Dendrochronological analysis of some Himalayan 

conifers. 11lI. COllf on Tree Rings Envirollment and Humanity: Relationships and 

Processess, Tucson, Arizona, May 1994. 

Chandra, A. - Siliceous microfossils from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Int. 

Symp. Recent Advances ill Phycology, Madras, July 1994. 

Chauhan, M.S. & Sharma, C. - Pollen analysis of Mid-Holocene sediments from Kumaon 

Himalaya. "Symp. Recelll advallces in geological sttidies of Northwest Himalaya alld 

theforedeep", G.S.I., Lucknow, FeblUary 1995. 

Garg, R., Jaikrishna, Jain, K.P. & Khowaja-Ateequzaman - Late Jurassic anlmonoids 

and their associated dinoOagellate cyst assemblages from Tethys Himalaya: An integrated 

approach. IX Himalaya-Karakorum-Tibet Workshop, Kathmandu, Nepal, April 


Khandelwal, A. - Aerospora of Lucknow with remarks on pollen SPUl1Sin atmosphere 

and sUlface sediments. 5th lilt. COil! Aerobiol., l3angalore, August 1994. 

Khandelwal, A. & Gupla, H.P. - Honey bees and yellow rain. 5th lilt. Conf on Aerobiol. , 

Bangalore, August 1994. 

Maheshwari, H.K., Kapoor, H.M. & l3ajpai, U. - Palynofossils from the Dunpathri 

Member of Mamal Formation, Kashmir. Symp. Recellt advallces in geological studies 

ofNortlnvest Himalaya alld theforedeep, G.S.I., Lucknow, FeblUary 1995. 

Prasad, M. - Siwalik Dora from Koilabas area in the Nepal Himalaya and its significance 

on palaeoenvironment and phytogeography. IX Himalaya - Karakorum - Tibet Workshop, 

Kathmandu, Nepal. April 1994. 

Sharma, c., Chauhan, M.S., Gupta, A. & Rajagopalan, G. - Vegetation and climate of 

Garhwal Himalaya during last 4,000 years. Symp. Recent advances ill geological studies 

of Northwest Himalaya and theforedeep, G.S.I., Lucknow, February 1995. 

Sharma, C. & Gupta, A. - Vegetational history of Nachiketa Tal, Garhwal Himalaya, 

37

BSIP 

India. 9th International Himalaya- Karakorum-Tibet Workshop, Nepal, April 1994. 

Sharma, S., Babu, R., Maithy, P.K. & Kumar, S. - Lithostratigraphy and environment 

of deposition of the carbonate sequence, The Iron Ore Group, Barbil area, Orissa: A 

preliminary repOlt. XI Conv. Indian Assoc. SedimenlOl., Roorkee, January 1995. 

Srivastava, C. - Man and plants: An archaeological perspective. Workshop: Young Archaeologists 

Meet, Patna, April 1994. 

Srivastava, R. - Systematic anatomy of fossil woods in the Tettiary flora of India. III 

Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Con!, Rotrua, New Zealand, November 1994. 

Srivastava, Suresh C. & Bhattacharyya, A.P.- Early Permian microfossils in faunal 

coal balls from Alllnachal Pradesh, India: Phytogeographic and palaeoenvironmental 

significance. CIMP Symp. Stratotypes and Stages- Palynology, Palaeoenvironment and 

Stratigraphy, Sheffield, September 1994. 

Singh, T., Tiwari, R.S., Vijaya & Ram·Awatar - Stratigraphy and palynology of the 

Permian and Early Triassic sequences in Spiti Valley, H.P. Symp. Recent advances in 

geological studies ojNorthwest Himalaya and thejoredeep, G.S.I., Lucknow, Feblllary 

1995. 

Vijaya - Carboniferous-Permian event: Rise of Glossopteris tlora on Gondwanaland. Int. 

Symp. Permian Stratigr. Environm. Res., Guiyang, China, August 1994. 

Yadav, R.R. & Bhattacharyya, A. - Tree ring of some Indian tropical u·ees. IIll. Con! 

Tree Rings Environmelll and Humanity: Relationships and Processess, Tucson, Arizona, 

May 1994. 

38


Doctoral Degree Awarded 

Name 

a.p. Singh 

(Research 

Fellow in a 

DST Project) 

University 

Banaras 

Hindu 

University, 

Varanasi 

Title of Thesis 

Late Miocene calcareous nannofossils 

from Neill Island, Andaman-Nicobar 

Basin, India 

39

BSIP 

Field Excursions 

Following field-trips/consultation/discussion visits were undertaken by the scientists 

and technical staff of tbe Institute: 

R.S. Tiwari & S.A. Jafar 

Visited Andaman-Car Nicobar islands to collect samples for palynological study 

and to examine outcrops having Triassic reworking. 

P.K. Maithy, R. Babu & S. Sharma 

Visited Noamundi, Iron Ore Supergroup, Orissa for collecting samples of cherts 

and stromatolites. 

An exposure of Iron ore Supergroup with blac~ cbcrts (± 3000 Ma) at Kasia Mine. BarbiJ, Orissa.


A section showing contact of Bijori Formation and Pachmarhi Sandstones' (arrow) exposed in Tawa 

River near Tawa Dam Bridge, Hoshangabad District, Madhya Pradesh. 

M. Shukla & M. Sharma 

M.Sharma 

Visited Bhima Basin for systematic sampling of shales, sandstone and limestone. 

Visited Bastar region of Madhya Pradesh for reconnoitre sampling of lndravati 

Group sediments exposed around Jagadalpur area. 

B.N. Jana 

& A.K. Ghosh 

Visited the Cretaceous localities of Bagh beds, Madhya Pradesh; collected samples 

of coralline and nodular limestones for the study of calcareous skeletal algae. 

J. Banerji & B.N. Jana 

Visited several fossiliferous localities in Rajmahal Basin for the collection of plant 

megafossils. 


Visited Pranhita-Godavari graben for collection of plant megafossils from various 

localities of Gangapur Formation. 

Anand-Prakash, G.P. Srivastava & R. Kar 

Visited Rarnkola-Tatapani and Talcher coal basins and Mahuadand area for the 

collection of coal samples and plant fossils and other field studies. 

41

BSIP 

Box structure in Ironstone shales in Banki River Section, Tatapani-Ramkola CO£ilfield, Madhya Pr::tdesh. 

B.K. Misra & B.D. Singh 

Visited Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Ltd., Mineral Exploration Corporation 

Ltd., Geology Department of the University in Ranchi; Central Fuel Research 

Institute, Jealgora, Dhanbad for consultation and discussions. Sanlples of coal and associated 

sedimer.ts from Seam No. II of Lalmatia COlliery, Hum Basin (Rajmahal Coalfield) 

were also collected. 

O.S. Sarate 

Visited various localities of Godavari Valley coaWelds for collection of coal/shale 

samples from BelampalU, Ramagundam, Mailaram, Shravanapalli and other areas for pa 

Iynological and petrological studies. 

42



& R. Tewari 

Visited Auranga and Jharia coalfields, Bihar to collect plant megafossils 

ous localities. 

from vari· 

S.M. Singh 

Visited North and South Karanpura and Bokaro coalfields, Bihar for collection of 

plant megafossils and rock samples from the Barakar Formation. 

A. Tripathi & Vijaya 

Visited Geological Survey of India, Calcutta to discuss the palynological reports 

on Rajmahal and Panagarh, Damodar Basin and Talcher Coalfield, and to consult the Li· 

brary. 

A view of Sawai Bay Formation exposed ncar Kakana Village, Car-Nioobar Island. 

43

BSIP 

. '. 

.••• • -f 

. -~;.. 

--" -, 

- ,- 

. -...:/ 

Late Palaeocene variegated clay of Matanomadh Formation exposed at Matanomadh, Kutcb, Gujarat. 

A. Tripathi, Vijaya & Chandra Pal 

Vijaya 

Visited Korba Coalfield, Madbya Pradesh for collection of palynological 

samples. 

Participated in a pre-Symposium field excursion to the proposed section for the 

Permian- Triassic boundary in marine sequences of South China. 

P. Kumar 

Visited central region, Geological Survey of India, Nagrur to collect bore-cores of 

ANH-3 (Anhoni area) of Denwa Formation, Satpura Basin, Madhya Pradesh; collected 

clay facies of Pachmarhi Formation (exposed at Patalkot Hill), Chhindwara District and 

Bagra Formation (around Bagra Railway Station), Hoshangabad District, Madbya Pradesh. 

N. Jha & R. Kar 

Visited Kothagudem area, Godavari graben for collection of bore-core as well as 

outcrop samples for palynoSll'atigraphic studies. 

Ram-Awatar 

& J. Pandey 

Visited Sohagpur Coalfield, Madbya Pradesh to collecl bore-core and outcrop 

samples from various localities. 

K.L. Meena 

44 

Collected subsurface samples for palynological studies from Talcher Coalfield.


R. Garg, Khowaja-Ateequzzaman & K.K. Pandey 

Visited Kutch Basin to collect rock samples for phytoplankton investigations from 

Palaeogene-Neogene sequences. 

A. Chandra & R.K. Saxena 

Visited Havelock and Car Nicobar, Andaman and Nicobar Islands for collection of 

samples for study of diatoms. 

R.K. Saxena & S. Sarkar 

Visited Kargil, Khalsi and Dras areas of Ladakh for collecting Palaeocene-Eocene 

sediments for palynological studies. 

R.K. Saxena, M.R. Rao, S.K.M. Tripathi & V. Prasad 

Visited Garo Hills, Meghalaya for collection of rock samples from Palaeocene 

Lower Miocene sequences for palynological studies. 

M.R. Rao 

Visited Kerala Basin for collection of rock samples from Kundra clay mine quany, 

Qu;lon District and Varkala beach, Trivandrum District for palynological studies. 

R.K. Kar 

Visited Mannargucli, Veeranam Eri, Neyveli of Tamil Nadu to collect palynological 

samples. 

R.K. Kar, M. Chakraborty, M. Nanda & P. Sharma 

Collected 

R.K. Kar, P. Sharma 

surface and subsurface sanlples from Gujarat and Rajasthan. 

& Luna 

K.Ambwani 

Collected 

samples from Gujarat and Rajasthan. 

Visited Garo Hills, Meghalaya for the collection of rock (Palaeocene-Eocene) 

samples for palynological investigation. 

J.P. MandaI 

R.S. Singh 

& M. Kumar 

Visited Kutch and Bharuch districts, Gujarat to collect palynological samples. 

Visited Garo Hills, Meghalaya to collect samples for palynological study from 

Garo Group (Upper Cretaceous) of secliments. 

B.D. Mandaokar 

Visited Gujarat-south Saurashtra to collect the Tertiary sed;ments for palynological 

investigation from different localities. 

4S

An exposure of Siwalik sediments cf'mprising leaf-impressions and fruits near Mansa Devi Temple, 

Ilaridwar. Uttar Pradesh. 

Visited TIrap, TIpang, Namchik, Miao, Arunachal Pradesh to collect Tertiary sediments 

for palynological investigation. 

O.K. Trivedi 

Visited Umrangsho, NOlth Cachar Hills, Assam (Kopili Formation) from Kopili 

River Section and to Jowai - Badarpur Road (Kopili Formation), Meghalaya to collect samples 

for palynological studies. 

J.8. Antal & Mahesh 

Prasad 

Visited !-'Ol'estResearch lnstitute, Dehradun for consultation of Herbatium to identify 

the leaf-impressions already collected from Siwaliks. 

46


j.S. Antal & ~1. Prasad 

Visited the Himalayan foot-hills of Mohund near Delu-adun and Haridwar area in 

Ullar Pradesh. for collecting plant megafossils li'Dlll Tertiary Sequence (.IS Antal. & M. 

Prasad). To t11eSiwalik.s of Kalagarh. Kathgodam and Tanakpur for collection of plant 

megafossils (M. Prasad). 

A. Agarwal 

Visited Neyveli Lignite Field, Tamil Nadu for collection of megafossils. 

K.S. Saraswat & A.K.S. Pnkharia 

To collect plant remains from archaeological excavations at Balu, district Kaithal 

and at Kamal, district Hissar, Haryana. 

R.R. Yadav 

& A. Bhattacharyya 

To study disc samples of teak visited the Wood Museum of the Institute of Wood 

Science and Technology, l3angalore and collected tree ring samples (cores) Ii'om Podocarp/ls 

wallicitia/llls growing in the Tirunelveli Hills, Tamil Nadu. 

A. Bhattacharyya & V. Chaudhury 

Visited eastern Himalayan region \0 collect cores from a numher of trees of various 

conifer taxa. Some surface sediment samples have also heen collected from Larch 

Silver fir and Tsuga-Rltododelldrol1 forest to understand pollen/vegetation relationship in 

the eastern Himalaya. 

S.K. Hera & A. Faruuqui 

Visited Marian shola, Konalar swamp under Berijam Forest Division and Kuntan 

shola, Silver Cascade forest, Kodaikanal Forest Division of Tamil adu. 

j.S. Guleria, S.K. Bera & D.C. Saini 

Visited Malanjkhand Copper mine and Ukwa Manganese mine areas, Balaghat 

District, Madhya Pradesh for collection of samples for geohotanical studies. 

D.C.Saini 

Collected extant plant specimens and samples of fmits and seeds from Allahahad, 

Raihareilly and Lucknow in Ullar Pradesh and Katni. Jahalpur, Seoni and l3alaghat districts 

in Madhya Pradesh lor Herharium. 

S. Chandra & K.j. Singh 

Visiled Talcher Coalfield and Hinjrida Ghati, Orissa for collection of plant 

megafossils. A reconnaisance survey was also undertaken to Korha Coalfield for study at 

megafossils. 

47

BSlP 

ConsultancylTraining Programmes 

The Institute has stlllted to provide "Consultancy Services" in various aspects of 

palaeobotany, palynology, coal/lignite biopetrology, radiometric dating and microscopy. 

Training of personnel in palynology and biopetrology has also been undertaken. 

Professor PK. Banerji Emeritus Scientist, C.S.I.R., Calcutta 

Sri B.L. Malla 

Research Associate, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the 

Arts, New Delhi 

Sri K. Adinarayanan 

Dr A.K. Saha 

Neyveli Lignite Corporation, 

Honorary Secretary, C.S.M.E., 

Tamil Nadu 

Calcutta 

Professor Ali Ahmed 

Department 

Shillong 

of Geography, North Eastern Hill University, 

Sri S. Bhaigya Singh 

Dr Mrs S. Devi 

Suptd. of Archaeology, Manipur Government, Imphal 

Department of Geography, Andhra University, 

Vishakhapatnam 

Dr P.M. Shakya 

Project Manager, Lumbini Development 

Trust, Nepal 

It has been decided to publish a book on "Coaliferousfuel resources of India: 

Parameters of studies in palynology and biopetrology" On this theme a special training 

course which was conducted at the Institute during December, 1993. The following scientists 

have contributed their chapters for this book covering all relevant information on fundamental 

and applied aspects of studies in the light of latest researches and concepts. 

R.S. TIwari 

"lllIroduction 

to the theme" 

Anand-Prakash 

R.K. Kar 

"Coals and lignites of India" 

"Concepts, potential and prospects 

of palaeopalynology" 

S.K.M. Tripathi 

K. Ambwanj 

R.K. Saxena 

Archana Tripathi 

"Techniques of palynological 

"Techniques of SEM studies" 

"MorphoLogy of angiosperm 

studies" 

pollen" 

"MorphoLogy of Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic 

palynofossils" 

Vijaya 

48 

"Palvnostratigraphy 

of Permian sequence in India"


R.K. Saxena 

Anand-Prakash 

& Alpana Singh 

B.D. Singh 

B.K. Misra 

R.S. Tiwari 

"Biostratigraphic zonation and correlation" 

"Fundamentals of organic petrology" 

"Coal microconstituents and their classification" 

"Application ofbiopetrological studies in utilization of coal 

and lignite" 

"Futuristic approach" 

In continuation of our programme [or computer literacy at the Institute under In 

House Computer Training Progranune, this year the training was conducted in three batChes, 

from July lIto October 21, 1994. The training had two modules - the Basic Module and 

the Advanced MOdule, covering (i) Computcr Fundamentals, (ii) Disk Operating System, 

(iii) Word Processor, (iv) Data Base Management System, and (v) Electronic Spreadsheet. 

These courses wcre specifically prepared (with a series oflectures and practical demonstrations) 

for easy understanding of the computer concepts and its ef1icient use. Under thc 

Supervision of Dr G. Rajagopalan, the lectures and demonstrations werc given by Kamal 

Narang, K. Nagapooshnam, R. Nandhagopal and YP. Singh. 

The following members of staff deputed from Scientific, Technical and Administrative 

cadres of the Institute attended the training course: 

First Batch (J /Ill July - 12th August, 1994) 

Shaila Chandra 

S.A. .lafar 

Rahul Garg 

M.R. Rao 

S.K. Bera 

Ami! K. Ghosh 


D.C. Saini 

K..I.Singh 

Ratan Kar 

Manisha Nanda 

D. Pradhan 

Y Nirmala 

M. Jagath .Ianni 

N. Unnikannan 

Deepak KohIi 

Poonam Sharma 

Second Batch (16th August- 16th September, 1994) 

Chhaya Sharma 

Jayasri Banerji 

J.S. Guleria 

Asha Khandel wal 

B.N . .lana 

Anil Agarwal 

R.C. Mehrotra 

Jitendra Pandey 

Rajni Tewari 

Vandana Prasad 

E.G. Khare 

YK. Nigam 

N.N. Joshi 

DhoomSingh 

M. Pillai 

49

BSIP 

Third Batch (19th September - 2/st October, 1994) 

Anil Chandra 


Pramod Kumar 

Samir Sarkar 

Neerja Jha 

Ram-Awatar 

Mukund Sharma 

Chanchala Srivastava 

Asha Guleria 

c.L. Verma 

Keshav Ram 

YP. Singh 

RL Melu'a 

Swapna Majumdar 

K.P. Singh 

S.N. Meena 

R.C. Misra 

Beside the Institute's staff, the following scientists were deputed by the Departments 

of Botany and Geology, Lucknow University to attend the Computer Course. 

N.K. Melu'otra 

R.BaJi 

N. Nautiyal 

N. Pandey 

D.S. Singh 

S. Gupta 

P. Srivastava 

S.P. Singh 

Under an In-House Training Programme - "Basics of field geology for 

palaeobotanical studies", wltich was organised during October, 1993, an excursion to inand 

-around Lucknow was undertaken to show the t1uvial geomorphological features and 

sedimentary stJUctures to the trainees. 

The following areas on the banks of Gomti River were visited to study and understand 

the characteristic landforms and sedimentational features: 

I. Near Kasim Baba Id Mazar, Dilkusha Garden 

2. La Martiniere Boy's College 

3. Gomti Banage, Ring Road 

4. Kathauta Tal, Cltinhat 

5. Sharda Sahayak Canal passing over Gomti River 

6. Kukrail Nala, near CIMAP and Ring Road 

7. Chowk, Kuria Ghat, Imambara, etc. 

River terraces, channel sltifting, meandering, t100d plain, back swamp, ox-bow 

lakes, poim bars, cross laminations, erosion of soft sediments and formation of gullies, etc. 

have been shown to the participants. The effect of various geomorphological and 

sedimentational processes and formation of features have been discussed at the site itself. 

The Director (Dr R.S. Tiwari), Incharge of Coordination Unit tor Scientific Activities 

(Dr Suresh C. Srivastava) and Senior Geologists (Drs Anand-Prakash, Manoj Shukla & 

Rahul Garg), and following members of the starr participated in tltis excursion. 

50


.Iayasri Bancrj i 


Archana Tri pathi 

Vijaya 

B.N . .Iana 

Usha Bajpai 


.J.P. Mandai 

Nccrja .Iha 

M.R. Rao 


Chanchala Srivastava 

Ram-Awalar 

Rupendra Babu 

Anjum farooqui 

Ratan Kar 

Manisha Nanda 

Shinjini Sarana 

Madhabi ChakraboJ1y 

Vandana Chaudhary 

R.C. Metu'olJ'a 

Alpana Singh 


Rashmi Srivastava 

Rajni Tcwari 

Madhav Kumar 

O.S. Sarate 

M.S. Chauhan 

S.K. Hcra 

G.K. Trivcdi 

Asha Gupta 

Nceru Prakash 

Vandana Prasad 

.Iitcndra Pandey 

Ami! K. (,hosh 

S.M. Singh 

A. K.S. Pokharia 

E.G. Kharc 

Poonam Sharma 

luna 

51

BSIP 

Technical Assistance rendered 

Technical 

assistance 

Dr Ashok Kumar, Wadia Inslitute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun 

Sri KJlanin Baragohai, Research Scholar, Geology Department, Dibrugarh 

University, Dibrugarh 

Sri J. Bright, Depru1ment of Geology, A.c. College, University of Madras, Madras 

Radiocarbon 

dating of samples 

Geological 

Survey of India, Lucknow 

Physicdl Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 

Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun 

Kumaon University, Nainital 

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 

Professor S. Chanda, Centre for Study of Man and Environment, Calcutta 

Nalional Inslitute of Oceanography, 

Goa 

National Geophysical 

Research Institute, Hyderabad 

S2


1. Department of Non- Vascular Plants 

(Dr P.K. Maithy) 

Departments at the Institute 

(Heads) 

2. Department of Palaeophytic Evolutiomuy Botany 

(Dr H.K. Malleshwari) 

3. Department of Mesophytic Evolutionary Botany 

(Dr Shyam C. Srivastava) 

4. Department of Cenophytic Evolutionary Botany 

(Dr N. Awastlli) 

5. Department of Quatcrnary Biogeography and Archaeobotany 

(Dr H.P. Gupta) 

6. Department of Pre-Gondwana and Gondwana Palynostratigraphy 

(Dr Suresh C. Srivastava) 

7. Oeprutment or Post-Gondwana Palynostratigraphy of Peninsular India 

(Dr R. K. Kar) 

8. Oeprutment of Post-Gondwana Palynostratigraphy of Exu'a-Peninsulru' India 

(Dr R.K. Kru'; additional charge) 

9. Department or Planktonology 

(Dr K.P . .lain) 

10. Deprutment of Biodiagenesis 

(Dr Anand-Prakash) 

II. Oepmtment of Radiometric Dating 

(Dr G. Rajagopalan) 

53

BSIP 

Units 

Library 

The services or the library were made available to scientists/teacbers/students or 

other organisations and universities. Now the total number or registered borrowers is 197. 

At present, 65 current periodicals are being procured on exchange basis and 80 CUlTent 

periodicals are subscribed by the library. 

The holdings of the Library are as under: 

Particulars 

Additions during 

/994-95 

Total 

Books 

Journals 

Reprints 

Reference Books 

Theses 

Reports 

Maps & Atlases 

Microl1lmslFisches 

161 

104 

235 

50 

4,804 

10,086 

34,931 

239 

83 

46 

60 

294 

Reprints 

Section 

Reprints of research papers purchased 

Reprints sent out in exchange 

Institutions on exchange list 

Individuals on exchange list 

Professor Sahni's papers sent out 

Institute publications sent out 

29 

2,587 

54 

391 

246 

125 

Computer 

aid to Library 

The use of computer at library counter has been started and on LAN under UNIX 

O/S. The Software employed in UNIFY RDBMS and the utilities were programmed in 'C' 

giving different level of securities, data entry is in progress and around 6,500 records have 

already been entered. 

111is year the library racility was provided to the following organizations: 

S4 

Department of Botany, Allahabad University 

Botany Division, COR!. Lucknow 

K.G. Medical College, Lucknow


Department o[ Geology, A.C. College, Chepauk, Madras 

Neyveli Lignite Corporation, Neyveli 

Department o[ Geology, Punjab University, Chandigarh 

Hindu College, Moradabad 

Geology Department, M.S. University, Baroda 

Geology Depm1menl, Lucknow University, Lucknow 

Botany Departmenl, Luclmow University, Lucknow 

Louise Purloa, Oxford University 

National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 

DiblUgarh University, Assam 

Geological Survey of India, Lucknow 

Jawahm-Jal Nehru Univnsily. Delhi 

ss

BSIP 

Herbarium 

The Herbarium of the Institute is being developed with an objective to provide 

authentically identified plant material to the scientists for comparative study of fossil specimens. 

During the year, it has been decided that Herbarium should be developed parallel to 

the Museum of the Institute. Beside the collection and maintenance of extant plant material 

and their preparations, display of maps, paintings depicting various types of vegetation and 

forests, some models of rare and endangered plants, posters and charts showing plant diversity 

and environmental problems are to be made to make Herbarium more educative and 

informative. Keeping this in view a spacious Hall has been provided. The entire Herbarium 

material lodged on the first Ooor has been shilled to this hall. TIle systematic ruTangement 

of materials is heing done. 

On the National Science Day (28th February. 1995) about 500 students from vru'ious 

educational organisations visited the Herbruium and took keen interest in various exhihits. 

Preparation of the Inventory of Herbarium holdings (Crullothek and Xylru'ium) is 

in progress. TIus year about 550 plant specimens have been collected from different localities 

in Madhya Pradesh. About 80 samples of fruits and seeds have also been collected 

l'rom ditTerent localities in Uttar Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh and Gujru·at. During the yeru', 

about 200 herbarium sheets were checked lor their COITectidentilication; 600 plant specimens 

mounted and identified. and aboul40 pollen and 110 wood slides prepru·ed. 

The holdings of the Herharium materials are as under: 

Particulars Addition:; during 

/994-95 

Total 

Herharium 

11,459 14,175 2,356 3,988 4,838 440 315 

600 

109 100 40 80 30 

32 

Wood Fruits/seeds 

Herbarium Pollen blocks slidesheelS of plant specimens


This year, the Herharium facility have been provided 10 Ihe following: 

Dr A.R. Saxena 

DepaI1menl of Botany, 

D.A. V. Degree College, 

Azamgmh 

Mr S.K. Shukla 

DepaI"tmelll of Botany, 

Garhwal University, 

Sri nagar, 

GaI'hwal 

Mr HaI'esh Kumar Singh 

Department of Geology, 

Faculty of St:ience, 

M.S. University, 

BaI"Oda,GujaI'at 

Dr v.I'. Mishra 

Palaeontology Division 

G.S.1. (Northern Region) 

Lucknow 

Miss ChaIU Gupta 

DepaI1menl of Botany, 

Allahabad University 

Allahabad 

Dr A.S. Reddy 

DepaItment of Life Sciences, 

SanJar Palel University, 

Vallabh Vidya NagaI', 

Gujarat 

Mr R.K. Kera 

Flixir Pharmaceuticals 

Mull fluilding, 

Ashok Marg, 

\,ucknow 

Students of DepaItmenl 

Delhi University. 

Delhi 

Ltd., 

of Botany, 

57

BSIP 

Museum 

Dissemination of palaeobotanical knowledge is one of the main objectives of the 

Institute. Museum is also a nodal centre for undertaking such activities. On the occasion of 

82nd Indian Science Congress at Jadavpur, Calcutta, an exhibition was arranged from January 

2-8, 1995 on the theme "Lab to Man". The exhibition was inaugurated by honourable 

Sri Pranab Mukherji, Minister for External Affairs, Government of India. He took keen 

interest in the exhibits. Besides the delegates of the Congress, a large number of visitors 

visited the stall. To popularise the Palaeobotany, pamphlets about the Institute and its activities 

were distributed to the public. 

National Science Day was also celebrated at the Institute. 111is year the theme of 

National Science Day was "Science/or health", hence an exhibition on the Medicinal plant 

remains of ancient India, and plant allergens was organised. Popular lectures were delivered 

by the Institute's scientists in the Institute as well as in local schools and colleges. A 

science quiz competetion was held jointly with Regional Science Centre, Lucknow and 

prizes were distributed to winners. 28th February, 1995 was observed as an Open House 

Day. Ahout 500 students of 10 educational institutions visited the Institute's Museum, Library, 

Herharium and other Laboratories. Educational films were also screened to the visitors. 

Shifting of rossil repository and store from ground 1I00r to the basement was completed. 

The process of rearrangement is nearing completion. 

Data entering in computer and checking of specimens pertaining to Inventory - Part 

III is in progress. The work of preparing hilingual labels for Museum has been initiated. 

Several fossil specimens were sent to seven educational institutions in the country 

under our special programme PALAEOBOTANY FOR EDUCATION. 

Students and teachers of fourteen educational institutions 

visited the Museum. Scientists 

from U.S.A., U.K. and Hungary also paid a visit to the Museum. 

Type and Figured 

specimens/slides/negatives 

To the Repository of the Museum, the seientists of the Institute deposited specimens/slides/negatives 

of research papers submitted by them for publication. 

Particulars 

Type and Figured specimens 

Type and Figured slides 

Negatives of the above 

58 

Addilions during 


83 

249 

554 

Total 

5,287 

10,998 

14,359


ew Collections 

Specimens/samples collecte

BSIP 

Seth M.R . .laipuria School, Lucknow 

Rani Laxmi Bai Memorial School, Lucknow 

SI. Dominic Savio College, Lucknow 

I.T. College, Lucknow 

.lai Narain Degree College, Lucknow 

Lucknow University, Lucknow 

Doon School, Dehradun 

Eram Convent, Lucknow 

SI. Mary Convent, Lucknow 

60


Section Cutting Unit 

The Section-Culling Unit is one of the basic requirements for palaeobotanical investigations 

of megafossils. The unit, established in a spacious hall, has four sectioncutting 

machines and two grinding machines. TIlis year a heavy-duty rock-cutting machine 

was fabricated locally and got installed. The machine has now enabled the scientists to 

have sections oflarge specimens. 

In addition, state-of-art cutting and lapping machines from the Logitech Ltd., 

Glasgow, U.K. have been added to this Unit. These machines are installed in a separate airconditioned 

room attached to the main hall of Section-Culling Unit. The machine will 

cater the need of the scientists for obtaining well polished specimens and slides of precise 

and uniform thickness. 

61

BSIP 

Maceration Facilities 

Improvement in thc existing facilitics for maceration and proccssing of the rcsearch 

material was a long felt requirement of thc scicntists working at the Institutc. Required 

funds were made available to renovate the Maceration Rooms - three old maceration 

rooms plus an adjoining room converted into a Prcparation Room. Thc tlu"ce Maceration 

Rooms are provided with newly installed Fumc-Hood chambers, working tables with 

spmtex tiles, covcrcd racks for chemicals, new sinks, changed water taps, vinyl flooring, 

etc. Likewise, the Prepm'ation Room, too, has been renovated with updated working facilities. 

62


Electronic Data Processing Unit 

TIus unit was involved in several types of activities like - Computer training to 

staff, Library information management system, software development for scientillc, 

administration and accounts section, providing technical sUPPOl1to staff, rendering hasic 

maintenance to the systems, and planning for the coming yeai·. 

lllis year Computer Hardware procurement was done. Arter thorough evaluation 

of various systems by a competent committee constituted for the purpose, the systems were 

acquired and installed in October, 1995. With the inclusion ofNineATs (tlu'ee 486DX/33 & 

six 486SX/25), the total number of systems rose to 25. The systems were then redistributed 

to various departments. COREL VENTURA 4.2 under MS Windows 3.1, a publishing sortware, 

was also procured for pagemaking. lllis has given a 1I11ipto the computing facilities 

in the Insti tute. 

Sccond In-house Computer Training Programme was orgalused from July to October 

in 3 batches to train 50 staff members of the Institute and 8 faculty members from 

Lucknow University (Geology and Botany DepaI1ments). Courseware was redesigned in 

WordStar 6.0 and Master Copy was printed on Laser Printer. 

I'or making the improvements in our LibraI'y, CORI and 11M libraries were visited 

to understand their working. The BLiMS (BSIP Library Information Management System) 

System developed in UNIX/UNTFY/C environment was line tuned and lInally installed for 

regular use in tile Library. Cabling and testing of the network were calTied out to put a 

terminal at library issue-return counter. 

Lower Division Clerks recruitment process was conducted on the computers. Application 

processing, related reports, shol1lisling of the candidates for entrance examination, 

preparation of results, shortlisling for typing and interview were some major tasks 

involved. 

Budget casting for the year 1994-95, Monthly Account Report and Cash book were 

also caIl'ied out at Accounts Seclion Terminal. 

Designing and Laser Plinting of various Charts, Banners, Displays, Slides and Posters 

were also done for tile scientists. 

63

BSIP 

Publications of the Institute 

Journal- 

The Palaeobotanist 

This year Number 2 and 3 of Volume 42 of the Institute's Journal "Tile 

Palaeobotanist" were published. 

The manuscripts 

lor publication. 

of the next issue, i.e., Volume 43(1) were edited and sent to Press 

Manuscripts of the next Special Volume 44 of "Tile Palaeobotanisc" were also taken 

up for processing and some of them were edited. lbis Special Volume would be published 

as the First Golden Jubilee Volume and shall be released on 10 September, 1995. The remaining 

manuscripts received for this Volume would appear in the Second Golden Jubilee 

Volume of The Palaeobotanisl. 

Anolher Special Publication entitled "Coaliferous fuel resources of India: Parameters 

of studies in palynology and biopecrology" would also be published and released 

on 10 September, 1995. SomeQfthe manuscripts of this book were sent to Press for publication. 

The remaining manuscripts are being edited. 

Annual Reports 

The Annual Reports of the Institute for the year 1993-94, both in English and Hindi 

were published and sent to various institutions and organizations. Besides the Institute's 

regular activities, other ceremonial activities were also included in tile Report which were 

reproduced by colour photos. 

Sale of Institute's publicatiolls 

lbis year the publiCations of the Institute netted an income of Rs. 2,14,797.50, out 

of which about Rs. 1,20,993.00 were earned in foreign exchange which is approximately 

equivalent to us US $ 3,903.00. 

64



Ex-Chairman 


Ex-Chairman 

Satish Dhawan 

ISRO, Bangalore 

U.R. Rao 

ISRO, Bangalore 

Dr K. Kasturirangan 

Chairman ISRO, Bangalore 

Professor B.M. Johri 

Emeri tus Scientist, 

Delhi University, Delhi 

Dr M.A Rau 

Deputy Director (Retd.), 

Botanical Survey of India, Mysore 

Dr Bartln Baru 

II 

Margoy, Q. Hill, CT. U.S.A. 

Dr J. Richardson 

Medowside Little Thope Reeom 

N. Yorkshire, England 

Dr AK. Moitra 

INSA, New Delhi 

Distinguished Visitors 

Professor John Anderson 

National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa 


O.F. Hat1 

Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, U.S.A 

Dr S.A 

Rasool 

Direclor, IOBP, University or Paris, France 

Professor W.O. ChaloneI', F.R.S. 

Bourne Royal Holloway, University or London, U.K. 

65

BSIP 

Dr A. Spicer 

Department of Earth Sciences 

The Open University, Milton Keynes, 

England 

Dr K.S. Valdiya 

Professor of Geology, Kumaon University, 

Nai nital


Director 

Scientific Personnel 

R.S. Tiwari, Ph.D., FPb.S., FI.A.P., FP.S., FS.G. 

Deputy Directors 

KP. Jain, Ph.D., FPb.S., FLA.P., FP.S. 

Hari K. Maheshwari, Ph.D., FPb.S., FI.A.P., FP.S., FG.S. 

P.K Maithy, Ph.D., FPb.S., FP.S. 

G. Rajagopalan, Ph.D., FPb.S., FS.G. 

Assistant Directors (Special Grade) 

Anand-Prakash, Ph.D., FLA.P., FPb.S. 

Nilamber Awasthi, Ph.D., FPb.S., FlAP. 

AnH Chandra, Ph.D., FP.S., FS.G. 

Shaila Chandra, Ph.D., FS.G., FPb.S. 

H.P. Gupta, Ph.D., FlAP. 

S.A. Jafar, Dr.Phil.nat., FP.S. 

R.K Kar, Ph.D., FPb.S. 

Chhaya Sharma, Ph.D., FLA.P. 

Suresh C. Srivastava, Ph.D., FLA.P., FPb.S. 

Assistant Directors 

Krishna Ambwani, Ph.D., FS.G., FP.S. 

J.S. Antal, Ph.D. 

Jayasri Banerji, Ph.D. 

Rahul Garg, Ph.D., FP.S., FS.G. 

C.M. Nautiyal, Ph.D. 

KS. Saraswat, Ph.D., FB.S. 

R.K Saxena, Ph.D., FS.G., FP.S. 

Manoj Shukla, Ph.D., FG.S. 

A.K. Srivastava, Ph.D., FS.G., FLC.S. 

G.P. Srivastava, Ph.D. 

Shyarn C. Srivastava, Ph.D. 

Archana Tripathi, Ph.D., FP.S., FGAR.C. 

Senior Scientific Otlicer 

Ani! Agarwal, Ph.D. 

Ram-Awatar, D.Phil. (w.e.f. 26.07.94) 

Usha Bajpai, Ph.D. 

I.S. Guleria, Ph.D. 

67

BSIP 

R.N. Jana, Ph.D. 

Neerja Jha, Ph. D. 

H.A. Khan, Ph.D. 

Asha Khandelwal, Ph.D. 

Pramod Kumar, Ph.D. 

J.P. MandaI, Ph.D. 

B. K. Misra, Ph.D., FS.G. 

M.R. Rao, Ph.D. 

Samir Sarkar, Ph. D. 

Rakesh Saxena, Ph. D. 

R.S. Singh, Ph.D. 

Chanchala Srivastava, Ph.D. 

S.K.M. Tripathi, Ph.D. 

Vijaya, Ph.D., FL.S., FP.S. 

R.R. Yadav, Ph.D. 

Juniur Scientilic Oflicers 

68 

Rupendra Babu, Ph.D. 

S.K. Bera, Ph.D. 

Amalava Bhattacharyya, Ph.D. 

A.P. Bhaltacharyya, Ph.D. 

M.S. Chauhan, Ph.D. 

Anita Dwivedi, Ph.D.; (Up (011.08.94 A.N.) 

A.K. Ghosh, Ph.D. (w.e.f. 2l.04.94) 

Asha Gupta, Ph.D., FL.S., FPS. 

Khowaja-Atcequzzaman, Ph.D. 

Madhav Kumar, Ph.D. 

B.D. Mandaokar, Ph.D. 

K.L. Meena, Ph.D. 

R.C. MehrotJ'a, Ph.D. 

Jitendra Pandey, Ph.D. 

Neeru Prakash, Ph.D. 

Mahesh Prasad, Ph.D. 

Vandana Prasad, Ph.D. 

A. Rajanikanth, Ph.D., EG.S . 

.Iyotsana Rai, Ph.D. 

D.C. Saini, Ph.D. 

O.S. Sarate, Ph.D., LL.B. 

Mukund Sharma, Ph.D., EG.S. 

Alpana Singh, Ph.D. 

B.D. Singh, Ph.D., FS.G. 

K.J. Singh, Ph.D. 

Rashmi Srivastava, Ph.D.


Raini Tewari, Ph.D. 

C;.K. Trivedi, Ph.D., F.P.S. 

Emeritus 

Scientist 

H.P. Singh, Ph.D., FPb.S. 

Birbal Sahni Research Scholars 

Ratan Kar, M.Sc. 

Manisha Nanda, M.Sc. 

K. K. Pandey, M.Sc. (Up to 24.02.95 A.M.) 

A.K.S. Pokharia, M.Sc. 

S.M. Singh, M.Sc. 

Sponsored Project (DST) 

Deepak Kohli, M.Sc. (SRF) 

Poonam Sharma, M.Sc. (JRF) 

69

BSIP 

Technical and Administrative 

Personnel 

Laboratory Services 

R.N. Boral, B.Sc. (S.T.O.) 

B. Sekar, B.Sc., ALC. (TO.) 

Madhavi Chakraborty, M.Sc. CLTO.) 

Inclra Goel, B.Sc. (J.T.O.) 

Asha Guleria, B.Sc. CLTO.) 

E.G. Khare, M.Sc. (J.TO.) 

TK. 

Mandai, B.Sc. (J.T.O.) 

VK. Singh, M.Sc. (J.T.O.) 

Reeta Banerji, B.Sc. (S.T.A) 

Chanch'a Pal, B.Sc. (S.T.A) 

VP. Singh, B.Sc. (S.TA) 

AK. Srivastava, B.Sc. (S.TA.) 

R.C. Misra, B.Sc. (J.TA.) 

Keshav Ram, B.A. (J.TA.) 

Publication 

R.L. Mehra, BA, D.P.T., PG.D.CA (Proof Reader) 

Library 

Kavita Kumar, B.Sc., B.Lib.Sc. (S.T.A.) 

Mamta Navrekar, B.Sc. (J.TA.- 

Computer) 

VK. Nigam, M.Com., B.Lib.Sc. (J.TA) 

Y.P Singh, B.Tcch. (J.T.A-Computer) 

S.R. Yadav, B.A. (J.T.A) 

Avanish Kumar, B.Sc., LL.B., PG.D.C.(Console 

Operator) 

Museum 

.LN. Nigam, B.A., B.Lib.Sc. (J.TG.) 

P.K. Baipai, B.F.A. (IT.G.-Artist) 

Kamla M. Cbhabra, B.Sc. (J.T.G.) 

70


Diwakar Prad11an,B.Sc. (S.T.A.) 

Prem Praka~h, B.Sc. (S.T.A.) 

Shree Narayan Meena, B.Sc. (J.T.A. w.e.f. 08.04.94) 

Herbarium 

Sunita Khanna, B.Sc. (S.T.A.) 

Photography 

P.C. Roy (S.T.A.) 

Pradeep Mohan, B.F.A. (J.T.A.) 

Technical Services 

Kamal Narang, B.Tech. (programmer - Computer) 

K. Nagapooshanam, BTech. (programmer - Computer, w.e.r. 13.05.94) 

Madhukar Arvind, B.Sc. (J.T.A.- Computer) 

R. Nandhagopal, B.Sc.,P.G.D.C.A.,e.S.A. (J.T.A. -Computer) 

AK. Srivastava, B.Com., B.Lib.Sc. (Console Operator) 

Vinesh Kumar, B.Sc. (.I.T.A, w.e.f. 05.04.94) 

Chandra Bali, l.T.l., N.e.T.VT. (Mechanic) 

AK. Ghosh, G.!.T.l., N.C.T.VT., E.S.e. (Electrician) 

Chhotey La], l.T.!., N.e.T.VT., D.E.E.S.!. (Mechanic) 

VS. Panwar (Glass Blower) 

M.S. Rana (Generator Operator) 

P.S. Saluja, S.T.S.C.T.!. (Mechanic 11-5) 

S.e. Singh, B.A (Mechanic-cum-Section Cutter) 

Sponsored Projects 

.lagdish Prasad (T.A.) 

Administration 

Registrar 

S.C. Bajpai, M.Sc., LL.B., F.l.E.T.E. 

Accounts Ofticer 

J.e. 

Singh, M.A. 

71

BSIP 

P.S. to Director 

S. P. Chadha, BA 

Section 

Otlicers 

B.K. Jain, B.A. 

U. Mehra, B.A. 

Bhagwan Singh 

H.S. Srivastava, I3.Com. 

R.K. TakJ1J, B.A. 

Maintenance 

Otticer 

R.B. Kuhcti, 

Assistants 

BA 

U.S. 

Bedi 

Ramesh Chandra 

N.N. Joshi 

Upper Division Clerks 

Usha Chandra 

R. K. Kapoor, B.A. 

Harl Lal 

V. Nirmala 

P. TIlomas 

Cashier 

Dhoom Singh, B.A. 

Jr. Steno~rapher 

(Temporary) 

1\1. Jagath Janani, B.A. 

Lower Division Clerks 

Ruchita Challcrji, M.A. 

Swapna Ma/umdar, B.A. 

S. MUl1Jkan PiliaL B.A. 

Shail S. Rathorc, B.A. 

Gopal Singh. BA 

K.P. Singh 

Rcnu Srivastava, M.A. 

Koshy Thomas 

72


Drivers 

N. Unnikannan 

S.S. Panwar, B.A. (w.e.f. 08.12.94) 

Shiv Shanker Shastri (w.e.f. 08.12.94) 

Mishri Lal, M.A. (w.e.f. 08.12.94) 

Sunit Komar (w.e.f. 09.12.94 to 18.12.94) 

Avinash Kumar Srivastava, B.A., B.Ed. (w.e.f. 03.01.95) 

Rameshwar Prasad (w.e.f. 12.12.94) 

Nafees Ahmed 

D.K. Misra 

M.M. Mishra 

Balbir Singh 

v.P. Singh 

Attendants 

K.c. 

General 

Penns 

Chandola 

Prem Chandra 

Sunder Lal 

Haradhan Mahan[j 

Raja Ram 

Satruhan 

Ram Singh 

Hel p 

Sarju Prasad (Daftari) 

Sia Ram (Duplicating 

Mohammad 

Rameshwar 

K. K. Bajpai, B.A. 

Maya Devi 

Hari Kishan 

Shakil (Binder) 

Dhan Bahadur Kunwar 

S.c. 

Munni 

Mishra 

Machine Opera~or) 

Prasad Pal (Skilled Mali) 

73

BSIP 

Kailash Nath 

Mani Lal Pal 

Mahadev Prasad 

Ram Dheeraj 

Ram Kishan 

Ram Ujagar 

Shree Ram 

Barn Singh 

Kedar Nath Yadav 

Chuwkidars 

Bishnu Dull 

Kesho Ram 

Vishnu Kumar 

Ram Deen 

Ram Dhari 

Prem Shanker 

7"


Appointments and Promotions 

Appointments 

Dr Ram- Awatar, Senior Scientil1c anker, w.e.r. 26.07.94 

Dr Amit Kumar Ghosh, Junior Scientil1c Officer, w.e.r. 21.04.94 

Dr (Mrs) Anium Farooqui, Junior Seientifk Orticer, we.r. 23.06.94 

Sri K. Nagapooshanam, Programmer, w.e.r. 13.05.94 

Sri Vinesh Kumar, Junior Teclulical Assistant, w.e.r. 5.04.94 

Sri SIU'ee Narayan Meena, Junior Technical Assistant, W.e.r. 08.04.94 

Miss Manna Navrekar, Junior Teclulical Assistant, w.e.r. 18,{)4.94 

Sri Shailendra Singh Panwar, Lower Division Clerk, w.e.r. 08.12.94 

Sri Shiv Shanker Shastri, Lower Division Clerk, w.e.r. 08.12.94 

Sri Mishri Lal, Lower Division Clerk, w.e.r. 08.12.94 

Sri Sunit Kumar, Lower Division Clerk, w.e.r. 09.12.94 

Sri Rameshwar Prasad, Lower Division Cferk, w.e.r. 12.12.94 

Sri Avinesh Kumar Srivastava, Lower Division Clerk, w.e.r. 03.01.95 

Sri Ram Kewal, Mali, w.e.r. 20.06.94 

Sri Mathura Prasad, Mali, w.e.f. 20.06.94 

Sri Ram Chander, Mali, we.r. 20.06.94 

Promotions 

Dr Hari K. Mahcshwari. A.D. (SG) to Deputy Director, w.e.f. 01.04.94 

Dr P.K. Maithy, A.D. (SG) to Deputy Director w.e.f. 01.04.94. 

Dr (Mrs) Chhaya Sharma, A.D. to Assistant Director (Special Grade), w.e.r. 01.04.94 

Dr S.A. Jafar, A.D. to Assistant Director (SpeciaJ Grade), w.e.r. 01.04.94 

Dr R. K. Saxena, S.S.O. to Assistant Director, w.e.r.. 01.04.94 

Dr (Mrs) AJ'ehana Tripathi, S.S.O. to Assistant Director, w.e.r. 01.04.94. 

Dr K. Ambwalli, S.S.O. to Assistant Director, w.e.r. 01.04.94 

Dr Manoi Shukla, S.S.O. to Assistant Director, we.f. 01.04.94 

Dr Rahul Garg, S.5.0. to Assistant Director, w.e.r. 01.04.94 

7S

BSIP 

Dr (Mrs) Chanchala Srivastava, J.S.O. to Senior Scientific Officer, w.e.[ 01.04.94 

Sri H.N. Boral, TO. to Senior Technical Officer, w.e.f. 01.04.94 

Sri E.G. Khare, S.T.A. to Junior Technical Officer, w.e.f. 01.04.94 

Smt Kavita Kumar, J.T.A. to Senior Technical Assistant, w.e.[ 01.04.94 

Sri Avinesh Kumar Stivastava, J.TA. to Senior Technical Assistant, w.e.f. 01.04.94 

Smt Reeta Banetjee, J.TA. to Senior Technical Assistant, w.e.f. 01.04.94 

Sri Chandra Pal, J.TA. to Senior Technical Assistant, w.e.f. 01.04.94 

Sri VP Singh, J.TA. to Senior Technical Assistant, w.e.f. 01.04.94 

Sri P.S. Saluja, Mechanic Gr. 11(4)to Mechanic Gr. 11(5),w.e.f. 01.04.94 

Birbal Sahni Research Scholar 

Smt Shinjini Sarana, M.Sc., Birbal Sahni Research Scholar, w.e.f. 31.08.94 


Dr RashIni Tewari, M.Sc., Ph.D. Research Associate, w.e.f. 5.10.94 

Smt Priti Agarwal, M.Sc., Junior Research Fellow, w.e.f. 5.10.94 

Sri Shantanu Chatteljee, M.Sc. Junior Research Fellow, w.e.f. 28.10.94 

Sri YD. Gupta, Technical Assistant, w.e.f. 5.10.94 

Sri L.M. Joshi, Field Assistant, w.e.f. 05.10.94 

Retirements 

Sri J.e. Srivastava, Junior Technical Oflicer (Herbarium) retired on 30.06.94. 

Obituaries 

Sri Rajendra Kumar, Attendant expired on 28.09.94. 

76


PROJECT 

I 

Research 

Projects and Programmes 

ANTIQUITY. RADIATION AND EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS OF 

EARLY LIFE 

Programme 1.1 

Ohjective 

Palaeobiology of Vindhyan Basin 

To identify metaphytes and metazoan body fossils, ichnofossils 

and their relics from the Proterozoic succession and their evolution 

and diversification 

To identify organo-sedimentary structures found in association 

of metaphytes and metazoans and to decipher environmental 

conditions 

To determine the significance of metaphytes 

biostratigraphy 

and metazoans in 

Black chert containing oncolites, stromatolites and interbedded cherts from the 

Nagod Limestone Formation, Bhander Group of Khemri-Kotar Hill, Satna District, Madhya 

Pradesh were studied. A mat building biota was identified. The mat contains colonial 

spheroidal remains and tubular aseptate forms, both belonging to Cyanobacteria. Problematic 

marks from the same formation (at Bainkuiyan) were also investigated. The marks 

compare with ichnofossils, belonging to surface trails. 'TWotypes are discernible in which 

A trace fossil (x 5) from 

Bhander Limestone Formation exposed 

around Bainkuiyan area, Rewa District, 

Madhya Pradesh. 

77

BSIP 

onc shows paired remains while the othcr rentling one. Thc first may bc the tracks of 

arthropod movement and the second of an annelid. 

Study of macrofossils referable to problematic algac collected from the argillaceous 

sediments of Rohtas FOimation exposed at Murlipahar and Amjhore, Rohtas District, 

Bihar was completed. The algal forms arc distincUy segmentcd bearing laterally spheroidal 

structures or ?fluiting bodies. Morpbologically it appears to be nearer to Pbaeophyceae 

forms or Ectocarpales. 

P.K. Mailhy 

& Rupendra Babu 

Prngramme 1,2 

Objective 

Palaeobiology ofthe·Proternzoic sediments in Cuddapah, 

Kaladgi and Ilhima basins 

To record distribution of Precambrian microfossils in Proterozoic 

succession of Cuddapah, Kaladgi and !Jhima basins 

Diversified 

organic rcmains have been recorded from the Halkal Shale Formation, 

Bhima Basin. The megascopic circular, elongated, linear and curved carbonaceous compressions 

and impressions have been recorded on the bedding surrace of shales from Kolkur, 

GundgUrlhi and Chcnnur villages. Somc or the forms compare with Chuaria. !Jeltinia and 

Ovidscina. The arlinities or linear forms is being examined. TI1C scction measuremcnt has 

been done at these localities to char1thc precise vertical distribution of the car'bonised Iilms. 

TIlese rorms show gigantism at cel1ain levels. 

The rock samples from Sahabad Limestone Formation and Rabanpalli Sandstone 

Formalion show poorly preserved movemcnt traces. Detailed study of thesc traccs was 

conlinuedto understand Uleir aflinity ami stratigraphic importance, if any. 

Acid 

resistant organic rcmains recovered through maceration of shales from Kolkur 

Village show the presence of smooth-walled acritar'chs, liIamentous algal sheaths and coccoid 

algae. Presenec or mineralised shell picees has also heen recorded in bulk maceralion 

using hydrofluoric acid. The affinities of these shells ar'e being workcd out. 

Manoj Shukla & Mukund Shar'ma 

Prngramme 1.3 Calcareous skeletal algae from Indian Phanerozoic sediments 

Objective To study the morphology of skeletal alxae and their significance 

in biostratigraphy 

A surveyor literature was made concerning the previous work done in calcareous 

algae rrom the Phanerozoic sediments of India. 

Thin seclions of calcar'eous limestones were made and 150 slides werc prepared 

rrom the previously collected samples from the Cretaceous of l3agh Group, Dhar' District, 

Madhya Pradesh and Niniyur Group oflilUeltirapalii District, Tamil Nadu. Study or calcar'- 

711


Axial vertical section of Rivularia li.uavienJ;s (Bornemann 1887) Dra,gilstan 1985 filamenl\; (), 10) 

from the Upper Crelaccous near Scndurai, Niniyur Group. Tamil Nadu. 

eous algae belonging to Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Rhodophyceae was caJTied out. 

Actilloporella eretacia was recorded for the lirst time from the Cretaceous of Bagh beds. 

CaicaJ'eous fossil algae belonging to the group PoroslJ'omatae were described l'or 

the first time fi'om the Cretaceous of Sendurai, liruchirapalli District, Tamil Nadu. The 

algal biota consists of : RivLllaria lissaviellsis, R. piae, R. theodori and Rivularia sp. cr. R. 

dianae belonging to the family Rivulariaceae (Cyanophyceae) and Garwoodia roomeyi belonging 

(0 the family Codiaceae (Chlorophyta). 

Nomenclatural problem on the coralline red alga - Arclweolithothanmium 

Rothpletz has been resolved and all the species of ArchaeolitllOtllQnmium recorded from 

India have been transferred under the genus Sporolitholl Heydrich based on priority. A 

manuscript entitled" On Ule present status of the Coralline red alga ArchaeolithotllCln/llillm 

Rothpletz recorded li'om India" has been prepared. 

PROJECT 2 

P.K. Mailhy, B.N . .lana & A.K. Ghosh 

GONDWANA COALAND ASSOCIATED SFDIMENTS: GENESIS, FLO 

RAL EVOLUTION AND BtOSTRATJ(;RAl'tIY 

Programme 2.1 

Objective 

Morphotaxonomy, tloristics, evolution and stratigraphic 

signiticance of plant fossils in Koel Valley and Jharia 

Coaltield 

To study morpllOtaxollomy. evolutioll and stratigraphical distribution 

of the flora 

To decipher ecological and climatological regimes 

79

BSIP 

InvesUgaUon on plant fossil assemblages from Mwup, Datum and Sik'l collieries 

of Auranga Coalfield and Rajhara colliery of Daltonganj Coalfield was completed. The 

!lora is represented by the species of Sphenophyllum, Trizygia, Neomariopteris, Gangamopteris, 

Glossopteris, Noeggerathiopsis, Saportaea, Rhipidopsis, Ginkgoites and 

Paranocladus-type coni fer. 

Number of Vertebraria axes recovered from the coal seams ofSikni open-cast project 

and from the section exposed in Sukri River near Sassang Village were studied. Their vertical 

posiUon and morphological features possibly indicate their in-situ preservaUon in the 

Auranga Coal field. 

A. K. Srivastava 

IdenUfieaUon and photodocumentaUon of 17 species of the genus Glossopteris recovered 

from different collieries, viz., Nichipur, Gondudih, Khas Kusunda, Godhar, Basuria 

and East Basuria of the .lharia Coalfield Ilave been completed. Apmt from Glossopteris 

leaves, the presence of the species of Sphenophyllum, Noeggerathiopsis, Neomariopteris, 

Gangall/opteris, Lidgeuollia and diflcrent types of seeds has also heen recorded. This is the 

first report of well-preserved plant megafossils from the Um'akar Formation of .lhm·ia 

Coalfield, Hihm·. 

Ten samples from the Talchir Formation in Lihji Nala, Amanat and Sukri rivers 

were macerated to recover seeds and megaspores but were foundLO be ban·en. 

Rajni Tewm'i 

Programme 2.2 

Ohjective 

Comparative morphology, floristics, biostratigraphy and 

palaeoecology or Permian Gondwana plants in Son 

Mahanadi Graben 

To study nwrphotaxonomy, floristics, biostratigraphy and 

palaeoclinulle of the Permiall Gondwallaforowtiolls in the area 

To study fructificatiolls ill order to understalld the evolwiollary 

aspect of pteridophytes alld gymllosperms 

Study of plant fossils from Talcher Coalfield were calTied out. Cuticulm' prepm'ations 

of the leaf forms-Gallgamopteris, Noeggerathiopsis, Glossopteris mId Surallgephy/lum 

collected from the South Beland~ Colliery were made. The morphotaxonomie studies of 

Gangall/opteris cyclopteroides, G. subat/riculata, G. auenuata, Noeggerathiopsis hislopi, 

Glossopteris COl1lnlllllis.SehiZOllellra wardii, Surallgephy/lum indieulll were completed. The 

l10ra indicates Em'ly Permian age lor Seam I of the South Belanda Colliery. 

Epidermal features of a new species Euryphy/lllm maithyi m'e repOlted, besides 

three specimens assignahle LOthe type species of the genus E. whiuiallum Feistmante1. 

SEM studies of the epidermal features are continued. 

80

A conifer twig with attached seed from south BeJanda Colliery, Talchir Coalfield, Orissa. 

Conifer cuticles from South Belanda colliery were also prepared and examined. 

Shaila Chandra & KJ. Singh 

Programme 2.3 Evolutionary perspective of megaOoral diversification in 

the Nidpur plant bed 

Objective To carry out fine resolution, morphotaxonomical investigations 

and to decipher affinities and inter-relation of different 

plant organs 

To attempt whole plant reconstructions 

Eight types of detached fruiting bodies and five attached types have been categorized. 

On the rock surface six specimens have been found identical to the one isolated from 

bulk maceration. In all, 167 specimens have been photographed, out of which drawings of 

157 specimens have been prepared. 

81

BSIP 

From amongst the forked Dicroidium, D. odontopteroides has been identified on the 

basis of exomorphic and epidermal features. So far, the records were made only upon external 

morphology and the specimens were not forked. Presence of D. odontopteroides in 

Nidpur bed is of significance because of its wide-spread occurrence all over the 

Gondwanaland. 

Nearly 500 specimens of Dicroidium leaf in varied forms are being studied in order 

to evaluate the fossil population of Dicroidium found in the Indian Peninsula as well as in 

other Gondwana regions. 

Shyam C. Srivastava 

Programme 2.4 

Palynostratigraphy of Gondwana Sequence in Son 

Mahanadi Graben 

Objecrive To analyse palynoassemblages with a view to interpret floral 

changes, boundary transitions and age determination at afiner 

level in the intraformational succession olSon Valley cOalfields 

To identify Talchir/Athgarh relationship in the Talcher 

Coalfield and Athgarh Basin 

The palynological studies of samples ofbore-hoJe TCC-19, drilled by Geological 

Survey of India near Chendipada, Talcher Coalfield have yielded three distinct 

palynoassemblages. The Assemblage I is recorded from the lowermost coal horizon of the 

sequence at 170.96 to 177.24 m depth, dominated by the pteridophytic spores -Microbaculispora 

together with Brevitriletes and Lacinitriletes. The Assemblage II at 65.60 to 169.22 

m depth is dominated by the nonstriate bisaccate Scheuringipollenites and is recorded from 

the coal-bearing sediments just below the marker conglomeratic pebbly bed. Assemblage 

Ill, recorded at 10.75 to 60.47 m depth in the coal-bearing horizon above the conglomeratic 

bed, shows the dominance of striate bisaccate pollen Faunipollenites and Striatopodocarpites. 

The Assemblages I and II are comparable with the palynoflora of Early Barakar Stage 

while Assemblage 111is comparable to the mioflora of Late Barakar Stage. The occurrence 

of acritarchs at 65.60 to 67.21 m and 10.75 to 60.45 m depth indicates presence of high 

salinity condition whicb started before the deposition of conglomeratic bed and continued 

even after its deposition. The palynofacies analysis of coal samples reveals that low energy, 

lacustrine conditions were prevailing during the coal deposition. 

The palynological studies of bore-hole TP-8, drilled by MECL in Talcher Promotional 

Block, reveal Late Permian assemblage equivalent to Raniganj palynoflora of Damodar 

Basin and Is represented by the dominance of Striatopodocarpites and Faunipollenites along 

with characteristic palynotaxa, viz., Gondisporites, Navalesporites, Satsangisaccites and 

Falcisporites. The taxa Lundbladispora, Play/ordiaspora, Lunatisporites and Goubinispora 

at 350 m depth indicate its affiliation with Early Triassic palynoassemblage of Raniganj 

Coalfield. The assemblages from younger levels have dominance of Striatopodocarpites 

but with increased frequency of Lundbladispora and Lunatisporites at 334.00 m depth and 

82


Lunalisporiles alongwith GUllalisporiles, Lundbladispora and acritarchs at 307.30 m depth. 

The composition of assemblage from 334.00 m depth shows presence of distinct Early 

Triassic assemblage. 


Samples from bore-holes TP-9 and TP-IO dtilled by MECL have been analysed for 

palynodating. The sandy shales and sandstones representing the Supra-Barakars have yielded 

Lundbladispora. Lunalisporiles. Playfordiaspora representing Early Triassic assemblage 

at 280.50 to 259.50 m (in TP 9) and 352.80 m (in TP 10) depths. 

Archana Tripathi & K.L. Meena 

The palynological studies of samples of bore-hole RT-12 from Mand-Raigarh 

Coallleid were carried out, in which Karharbari palynoassemblage encountered between 

163.00 m to 316.00 m. Barakarpalynoassemblage between 69.15 to 152.00 m and Raniganj 

assemblage was found at 35.00 m depths. The genus Parasacciles shows dominance in 

Karharbari assemblage. Scheuringipolleniles in Barakar assemblage and the Raniganj assemblage 

is characterized by the presence of striate and non-striate genera such as Faunipollenites. 

Crescentipolleniles. Slrialopodocarpiles and Scheuringipolleniles along with 

several trilete genera such as Microfoveolalispora. Microbaculispora, etc. 

B.N. Jana 

Proloeusaccites gen. nov. from Pali Formation, Sohagpur Coalfield showing character state of par· 

tially filled saccus ( x 850 ). 

83

BSIP 

Compiled the results of bore-hole SPB-18, Sohagpur Coalfield in which three 

palynoassemblages have been identified. Assemblage-I (Leiosphaerid zone; depth 26.00 

27.85 m) is mainly dominated by Leiosphaerids (80%) alongwith few striate bisaccate 

pollen. TIlis seems to be a reworked palynoflora as the specimens are deformed. Assemblage-II 

(Scheuringipollenites-Faunipollenites Assemblage; depth 27.85-49.15 m) shows 

the dominance of non-striate bisaccate pollen alongwith few apiculate spores. The taxa in 

this assemblage are Gondisporites raniganjensis and Faunipollenites perexiguus. In Assemblage-11I 

(Faunipollenites-Striatopodocarpites Assemblage Zone; depth 50.15-163.20 

m) striate-bisaccates are dominant alongwith the rare occurrence of Chordasporites and 

Weylandites. The marker species in this assemblage are Crescentipollenites fuscus and 

Corisaccites alutus. 

In two samples (SPB 18/78 and 82) a new poIIen genus, Protoeusaccites has been 

identified which sbows the development of saccus with partial eusaccate condition - a 

transitional cbaracter-state from protosaccate to eusaccate condition in Late Permian. 

The overall assessment of palynotaxa in bore-bole SPB-14 sbows the dominance of 

striate bisaccates (Faunipollenites, Crescentipollenites, Striatopodocarpites) alongwith 

Gondisporites whicb indicates Late Permian affinity and could be equated with Raniganj 

Formation of Damodar Graben. 

Ram-Awatar 

The age of the subsurface sediments below the Kamthi Formation in bore-hole 

IBSH-6 from Ib-River Coalfield has been determined. The palynoassemblage between 

234.00-270.00 m is equivalent to the Raniganj palynozone. Photodocumentation is being 

done. 

K.L. Meena 

Programme 2.5 

Objective 

Morphological study of plant megafossils from Raniganj, 

Karanpura and Rajmahal coalfields and ultrastructure of 

megaspores, cuticles, seeds and in situ pollen/spores 

To make extensive and exhaustive collections of leaf specimens 

of Gondwana gymnosperms, study their morphology, make 

cuticular preparations, establish relationship between 

morphography and epidermal features, objectively identify 

each species based on cuticles of extant gymnosperms, ultrastructure 

of in situ pollen/spores for fine resolution taxonomy 

and affinities 

Cuticles of Corystospermaceous pinnules recovered by bulk maceration of Late 

Triassic shale samples were processed for ultrastructure. The pinnules belong to three different 

types. Study of two types is almost complete, while cuticle of the third type has been 

embedded in resin. 

84


-•• 

. 4~' 

Outer zone of the cuticular membrane in a Late Triassic corystospermaceous taxon showing a 

polylamellate layer at the leaf-air interspace (x 80,000). 

In type I, both the upper and lower cuticles exhibit two layers each, herein designated 

as layer A and layer B. The A layer is distinctly identifiable into an outer layer (the 

cuticle proper) and an inner layer (the cuticular layer). The B layer is the inner most layer 

present below the cuticular layer. All the layers of the cuticular membrane are not homogeneous 

structurally and chemically. In one species the outermost layer, Le., the cuticle proper 

is a polylamellated layer made up of dark bands of electron dense areas alternating with the 

electron lucent area. The polylamellate layer comprises 5-6 lamellae which are compactly 

arranged. This layer (A I), at places is covered by the electron dense bodies. Earlier workers 

suggested that such bodies are osmiophilic granules which are higWy lipophilic in nature. 

The cuticular layer (A2) seems to be amorphous which at places exhibits fine channel-like 

structures. These are the lamellated structures identified by the staining granules of lead 

citrate in position corresponding with those of the opaque lamellae. The B layer, the inner 

most and the thickest layer, seems to be spongy. The fibrillae are compactly arranged and 

oriented mainly parallel to the membrane surface and have a 'herring bone' appearance. At 

places this layer forms flanges or cuticular pegs between the walls of the adjacent epidermal 

cells. 

In type 2, an entirely different number, thickness and demarcations of AI, A2 and B 

layers of the cuticle is seen. The Al layer is amorphous with fine prochannels. The granular 

structures are stain particles. On the outer surface of the A I layer are seen osmiophilic 

85

BSIP 

gr"nul~s which ar~ discontinuously deposited. Th~ A2 layer is eleW·on dense and of uneven 

thickness. TIle B layer is made up of line reticulate ultrastructure throughout. 


& Usha Bajpai 

Bulk maceration of shale samples from Karanpura and Chuperbhita coallields, Bihar 

was done for recovery of dispersed microfossils. Most of the samples are unproductive; in 

a few samples some fragmentary cuticles were present. In one sample a ? sporangium has 

been found. 

A large number of specimens of the leaf genus Glossopleris were cleared and photographed. 

Cuticles were also prepared from these specimens. Cellular outlines are usually 

not preserved in these cuticles. 

Programme 2.6 


& S.M. Singh 

Pattern of evolving palynofloras through Gondwana 

Sequence in Damodar Graben 

Objeclive 

To search for characlers in dispersed spores and pollen useful 

for delermining major changes in pal/ems of morphologies 

Critical analysis of the published data on megaflora, mioflora and the associated 

geological information has been done to analyse palaeobiogeography at Carboniferous 

Permian boundary as reflected in Early Permian palynoassemblages on Gondwanaland. 

This analysis has revealed that episodic glaciation in Late Carboniferous triggered the evolutionary 

shift in the existing Lepidodendropsis flora, which is evidenced by the astray 

records of Glossopleris leaf in Late Westphalian. Occurrence of a faintly striate disaccate 

pollen (Pityosporiles weslphaliensis) in this time span is significant to comment on its 

distant relationship with glossopterid group of plants. 

Photodocumentation of characteristic species in selected samples (at 263.00, 252.00, 

86 

Pla)fordiaspora Maheshwari & 

Banc~i emend. Vijaya 1995(x t 500)-an 

evidence of true saccus structure in Late 

Permian Raniganj Formation.


251.00, 248.00 Ill) of bore-hole PGD-2 has becn completed. Distrihutional pattcrn of species 

or Coptospora, Aeq/lilriradiles and COlltigllisporites indicates F:arly Cretaceous 

palynocomposition in tbe Mes070ic sequence under study. 

Dctailed morpholaxonomic study of a monosaccatc pOllen-Phl\fordiaspora (in six 

samples of two bore-holes PGD-2 and RAD-II) at prrr transition on peninsular India, has 

revealed the eusaccate nature of saccus. TItis is the lirst observation of eusaccatislll in saccalc 

pollcn atiatest-I'erlllian-Triassic level in widely separated palaeogcographical areas on 

Gondwanaland. F:urope and America. Distribution ofl'arious species of this genus reveals it 

to bc climatically controlled. as innorlhelll hemisphere it had been recorded in suhtropical 

region hut in southern hemisphere it is found al higher latitude entering into cooltemperale 

lone. 

Vijaya 

Programme 2.7 

Objeclil'e 

Composition, relationship and aile of the mellafossil nora 

nf Rajmahal 

Formation 

To sludl' morpllOllLwllomy of fossils collected fmlll vario/ls 

i/lterlrappeall beds 

To work oW compositioll liff/ora ill order 10arrallge different 

plalll heds ill a chronological sequence and to corre/ale willi 

other coeval floras 

To recolIstmcl whole plallt based 011comparative silldies of 

different plallt orgal/S 

1\ IfUl1 l.:•••.•t rc..•ernhlin£ modern ilulea jrom/fI,w lrom the lIltcrlr,lrrcan hl.."ll near Sonalon ViIL:lgc, 

RaJrn

BSIP 

A large number of chert blocks were cut into slices and slides prepared for analysing 

the megafloral composition of Sonajori locality. The assemblage so far investigated includes 

Lycoxyloll, Arauameyloll, Araucarites-cone, COllijerocauloll, Pagiophyllum, 

Brachyphyllum, Mehtaia, Nipalliophyllum, Paradoxospernwm, Pakurispermum, 

Sonajorispermum, Conites spp. and an indeterminate fruil. 

Morphotaxonomic investigation of assemblage at Murlipahar in Rajmahal is being 

done. The assemblage is dominated by cycadophytes and Filicalcs. Wilhin cycadophytes, 

Ptilophyllum and Otozamites are encountered in the assemblage. Pteridophytes are represented 

by Cladophlebis and Coniopteris. This assemblage is correlated with the Neocomian 

fossil assemblage of Chunakhal locality, Rajmahal Basin. 

.Jayasri Banerji 

Morphotaxonomic study of plant megafossils from Onthea has been carried oul. 

The identified forms are : Equisetites rajmahalense, Gleichellites sp., Todites indicus, 

Ptilophyllum cUlchense, P aCUlijolium, Pterophyllum sp., Taeniopteris spatulata, Elatocladus 

tenerrimus and Conites sp. The Onthea flora on the whole is dominated by cycadophytes 

followed by pteridophytes. Conifers are rare in occurrence. The preliminary study of 

Onthea flora with the known fossil flora of other localities of Rajmahal Hills shows its close 

resemblance with the Chunakhal flora and suggests Early Cretaceous age. 

Neeru Prakash 

Programme 2.8 

Objective 

Palynological diversity and palaeoclimate through 

Gondwana sequence in Rajmahal Basin 

To study selected horizons, mainly from bore-cores to fill the 

existing lacunae in the data for building a complete sequence 

alld sedi 

To tag results with other data, such as megafloral 

melllological information and geological set-up 

To determine age and palaeoclimatic 

spore and pollen patterns 

condition as depicted by 

The palynological studies of inteltrappe an sediments (45.00 to 163.00 111) in borehole 

R.JNE-35 from the northern part of Rajmahal Basin have revealed the dominance of 

Araucariasaccitesl Podocarpidites. The pteridophytic components are quantitatively poor 

but qualitatively diversified represented by Cyathidites, Matonisporites, lschyosporites, 

Cicatricosisporites and Contignisporites. The hilate spores - Aequitriradites and 

Cooksonites are also recorded. So far no angiosperm pollen is found in this materia!. The 

composition reveals Early Cretaceous age and is correlated with the palynoflora recorded 

from intertrappean beds encountered in bore-hole R.JNE-32. 


Programme 2.9 

88 

Organic petrographic evaluation of Permian coal seams


from Rajmahal 

Basin, Bihar 

Objective 

To assess the quality of coals for suitability ill various industrial 

and domestic purposes with emphasis on coking and blending 

potentiality 

Qualitative study and quantitative estimation of macerals under fluorescence mode 

(blue light excitation) have been made on particulate coal pellets from bore-hole HRC-CM/ 

107 of Hura Basin. Appreciably high amounts of hydrogen-rich macerals (Iiptinite and 

perhydrous vitrinite) have been recorded. The liptinite maceral group is chiefly constituted 

by spOlinite and Iiptodetrinite. Cutinite, fluorinite, resinite, alginite (Botryococcus and Lamalginite) 

and exsudatinite are in subordinate amount. Sporinite showed wide range or 

preservational stages from well-preserved to highly degraded and fragmented. High amount 

of hydrogen-rich microconstituenls ih the coals renders them suitable for liquefaction. 

Fifteen coal samples (out of 42) from bore-hole RCH-3 of Chuperbhita Coalfield 

have been re-eStimated (under normal incident light) in terms of individual macerals to 

assess the Gelification Index and Tissue Preservation Index of coals. BiopetrologicaJ preparations 

of coal samples from Pachwara Coalfield were also made. 

B.D. Singh & B.K. Misra 

In the light of presence of fluorescing inertinite in the coals, a critical evaluation of 

published literature on the reactivities of viu·inite and inertinite in the Indian Gondwana 

coals during carbonization has been made. It revealed that there exists certain misconceptions 

about their identification and coking behaviour. The semifusinite-A or semivitrinite is 

nothing but pseudoviU·inite, however, semivilrinite/pseudoviU·inite as recognized by others 

is partly pseudovitripjte and partly transitory semifusinite. The fluorescing inertinite, in 

fact, comprises transitory semifusinite + certain fraction of semifusinite. They, probably, 

are variably reactive. The fluorescence exhibited by inertinite appears to be related with its 

genesis Ii·om partial oxidation of resin/bitumen impregnated cell walls of gymnospermous 

plants which served as source for the formation of Indian Permian coals. 


Programme 2.10 

Objective 

Palynnlogy ofthe Gondwana sequence in Satpura Basin 

To study palynostratigraphy, biozonatioll, palaeoecology, 

palaeoenvironment, correlation of various strata in the central 

part of the basin 

Search for good specimens from me palynoassemblage recorded in the Almod beds 

is in progress. Striate bisaccate pollen are plentiful; the preservation is very poor. 

Palynoassemblage trom Tamia cliff shows nonstriate bisaccate : Falcisporites, 

Satsangisaccites in prominence, but striate bisaccate Striatopodocarpites, Faunipollenites 

are common. Taeniate bisaccates Lunatisporites is poor but few cavate Playfordiaspora 

89

BSIP 

spores alongwith CUllulapolielliles and Corisaccites pollen have been identilied. Tlus is 

the Ilrst record of palynollora from Pachmarhi Formation. 

Processing of seven samples from Tawanagar section has been completed, oul of 

Wllich Iwo have yielded spores and pollen. 

Pramod Kumar 

Palynological study of bore-hole ANH-3 drilled Ihrough Denwa Formation from 

Anholli ru'ea in Satpura Basin, Madhya Pradesh has been continued. 

Pramod Kumar IwiLh P.K. Raha, G.S.L, Nagpur] 

Pro~ramme 2,11 

Objective 

Palynotloral patterns and boundary demarcations in 

Gondwana sequence of Godavari Graben 

To standardize paly"oflora from differellt formatiolls of 

Gondwana sequence 

OENSOISPDRITES 

Palynozone 10 

Youn ~r 

NilE PatynoQssemblage 

e( taxo 

51 talto 

B7 

6 

9 FAUNIPOLlENrTES 

KLA 

thi IPOLLENlTES STRIATOPOOOCAR 

CRESCEtHIPOLLEN 

FAUNJPOLLENITES AR PI 5 

STRIATOPODOCARPITE 

STRIATOPODOCARPITES tQ)(O FAUNIPOLlEN1TES lIE 5 

126 

Voung~r Measures 

DENSIPOLLENlT£5 PIT ES 

FAUN1POLLENIT£S LUNDBLADISPORA 

39 

A5Ie RI Age 

E T AN ERMI 

A PERMIAN p 

NERMI 

P 

L AT 

MIDDLE EARLY 

EARLY 

SC HEURING1POllENIT E 5 

Lower 

FAUNIPOLLENITES 

Barakor 5 STRIATOPODOCARPITES 

PARA5ACCITES 

PRIMUSPOLLENITES 

UppE'r 4 PARASACCITES 

Karharbari 

SCHEURINGJPOLLENITES 

CALLUMISPORA 

FAUNIPOLLENITES 

Lawer 

CALLUMISPORA 

Karhart>tJri PARASACCITES 

Upper 

Talchir 

Lower 

Talchir 

PARASACCITES 

PliCATIPOLlENITES 

CALLUM1SPORA 

PLiCATIPOLLENITES 

PARASACCITES 

LE10SPHAE RIDIA 

BOTRYOCOCCUS 

PeJlynologicnl correlation of Permian-Triassic sediments from nudhar~lm area, Godi:lvari (lrahcn, 

Andhra Pwdcsh. 

90


To recognise biozones having sTraTigraphical significance 

To demarcaTe time boundaries 

boundary 

wiTh special reference to PlTr 

To decipher the naTure and significance of evolwion of various 

palynofloras 

Palynological study 0[24 samples [rom Satrajpalli area (bore-hole GSP-9) reveals 

the presence of Barakar palynoflora at 114.00 to 167.00 m depth characterised by the dominance 

o[ Schellringipollenites while Lower Raniganj palynoflora at 85.04 to 108.80 m is 

represented by the domi nance o[ striate bisaccate, chiefly Fallnipollenites and 

STriatopodocarpites and the presence o[ Falcisporites, CrescenTipollenites, LWIOTisporites, 

Wevlandites and Klallsipollenites. 

Search, collection and consultation o[ literature [or comparative study o[ Permian 

Triassic palynoflora o[ India and Antarctica arc continued. 

Processing and study of samples from bore-holes GLP-6 (38 samples) and GLP-7 

(30 samples) of Lakshmidevpet area arc continued. Barakar palynoflora has been observed 

at46.60 to 66.40 m depth in bore-hole GLP-7; Karharbari at 617.20 to 491.1 Om and Barakar 

at 327.10 m in bore-hole GLP-6. 

Restudy of five samples in bore-hole GAM- I0 reveals the presence o[ Talchir 

p.llynoflora at 58 I.55 m depth. 

Studies on hore-hole cores GBR-l,2,3,6 and 7 from Budharam area have been 

linalized. A complete sequence f1"OmTalchir to Kamthi formations (Early Triassic) has heen 

recorded in this area and a palynological correlation of these hore-cores has been done. 

Suresh C. Srivastava and Neerja Jha 


Objective 

Organic petrographic evaluation of coals from Godavari 

Graben 

To assess the rank and quality of coal from Mailaram and 

other areas 

The maceral, microtithotype and reflectance studies o[ twenty-one coal samples 

[rom Koyagudem area have been completed. These coals in general are represented by 

vitrinite and fusinite macerals intimately associated with exinite and mineral matter. Cuticles, 

sporangia and resins have scanty distribution. Vitrite, ineliite and trimacerite are the 

common microlithotypes recorded in these coals. The reflectance study has revealed that 

the coals attained refleetance (Ro max. in oil) value ranging [rom 0.57- I. 3 per cent (normal 

range 0.57-0.86%), indicating high volatile bituminous C (sub-hituminous A) to high volatile 

bituminous A stages in rank. However, in some of the samples a sudden rise in the 

reflectance value has been recorded (0.96-to 1.3%) indicating that these coals have reached 

high volatile hituminous A to medium volatile bituminous stages. This sudden rise is proh- 

91

BSIP 

ably because or the presence of a rault near the site or collection. A preliminary study 

regarding Iluorescence characteristics or these coals has indicated the existence or closely 

packed sporinites. 

Programme 2.13 Organic petrngraphic evaluation of coal seams frnm 

Talcher Coalfield 

Objective To assess coal characterisatiol/ il/ Talcher Coalfield 

The quantitative estimation or coalmicroconstituents has been carried out Ii'omlhe 

Lower and Upper workable seams or South Belanda, Bharatpur and Ananta quarries. Besides.the 

study orliplinitic macerals rrom the above scams havc also bccn carried out under 

Iluorcscence mode (blue light excitation) and chru'acteristic rorms were pliotomicrographed. 

Seeds, sporangia. megaspores. resins, cuticles, algal mailer and rragmented Iluorescing 

malerial represent the chru'acteristic rorms or liptinitic r.-action in the coals. 

The high incidence or sporinite alongwith inertodetrinile. vilrodelrinite and min 

~ral matter and ch,u'acleristic textural pattern ru'c indicalive or the presence or canncl coals 

al dislinct time levels or Ihe Upper workable seam at Anama QUruTY. The thick-walled 

cutinites (crassiculinite) were also observed. 

Anand-Prakash, 

Rakesh Saxena & .IyolSana Rai 


Palynnstratigraphy of recently explored subsurface 

Gondwana sequence in Tamil Nadu and Pondicberry (U.T.) 

Ohjeclire To estahlish pal)'l/ological sllccessiol/ il/ the sl/bsllrface 

GOl/dll'ana sediments. their pal)'l/o-dating and correlatiol/. 

The palynollora or coal-bearing sequence in corcs rrom borc-holes TC-I anelTC-2 

in Kandamanglam ami Mru'akkanam areas, Tamil Nadu ru'erounello be rich in plcrielophytic 

spores. Thc characteristic species prescnt arc Appendicisporites distocaril/atLls. 

Crl'helosporites St)'IOSIIS,Micr%reol{/(osporis albertonensis, Sclli~osporis retiCIIlatlls, S. 

1'lI):lIlallls, S. eocenicLls, Ilalmeisporiles sp., Triporoletes reticlllallis. CoplOspora kLltchel/sis, 

etc, The asscmblage is assignable to thc Coptospora call,'erial/a Zonc or Aptian agc. The 

Iindings add to our knowleelgc of Gondwana coal dcposils on Ihe East Coast or India. 

R.S. Tiwru'i, Archana Tripalhi 

& Yijaya 

Char:.H.:tcnsli(,; Larly Cretaceous palynot



Palynostratigraphy of Gondwana sequence in Tatapani 

Ramkola Coalfield, Madhya Pradesh 

Objective 

To develop lithostratigraphic 

subsurface sequences 

set up from various surface and 

To reconstmct standard palynological succession, age determination 

and correlation with special reference to coal-bearing 

horizons 

To recognise range of stratigraphically significant taxa and 

evolutionary trends of various palynofloras 

To demarcate time boundaries 

bow,dQlY 

with special reference to PITr 

To document phytogeographic and palaeoenvironmelllal events 

Quantitative palynological invcstigations of bore-holes TRP-6. TRM-l. TRM-2 

and TRS-12. have been completed. Bore-hole TRP-6 contains Talchir palynoOora 

(Parasaccites-Plicatipollenites assemblage) at the base and is succeeded by Lower Karharbari 

palynollora (CallulI/ispora-Jayantisporites assemblage) in the younger part of the Qorecore. 

Three palynoassemblage zones have been demarcated in bore-hole TRM- I. The 

oldest assemblage is represenled by Scheuringipollenites barakarensis assemblage zone 

(Lower Barakar) and is succeeded by the dominance of striate bisaccate pollen. chieOy 

Striatopodocarpites, Hindipollenites, Verticipollenites, Faunipollenites. Striatites. ell'. representing 

Upper Barakar. The youngest assemblage is represented by Densipollenites indicus 

and Densipollenites invisus in association with striate bisaccate pollen representing Kulli 

pal ynozone. 

In bore-holes TRM-2 and TRS-12. the palynoassemblages compare with the 

Scheuringipollenites barakarensis assemblage zone representing Lower Barakar. The palynological 

rep0l1s of these bore-holes have been sent to the Coal Wing. Geological Survey 

of India. 

Processing of samples collected from surface exposures is continued. Sediments 

from Uro Naja have yielded rich Talchir palynoOora dominated by radial monosaccates 

(Plicatipollenites-Parasaccites assemblage). Carbonaceous shale and coal samples from 

Banki River section have yielded Late Permian (Raniganj) palynoOora. having a dominance 

of striate bisaeeates. 

Suresh C. Srivastava & Ratan Kar 

Programme 2.16 Palynological investigation of coal-bearing sequence in 

Deocha-Pachami area of Birbhum District, West Bengal 

93

BSIP 

Objective To study the morphological diversity of spores and pollen 

Tofind Olltpalynostratigraphic relationships between the coalbearing 

and associated stratafrom various sectors of this newly 

established coal sub-basin and 10 compare them with corresponding 

strata of other coal basins in India 

Spores and pollen recovered in the bore-hole DPD-15 have been referred to 

pteridophytic and gymnospermous affinities. The important genera, viz., Cyathidites, 

Cicatricosisporites, Osmundacidites, Alisporites, Cycadopites, Callialasporites, Podocarpidites, 

Clmeatisporites, Araucariacites, Laricoidites and Podosporites suggest an Early Cretaceous 

affinity. FUl1her work is continued. 

Maceration 

10 be baJTen. 

of lilil1een samples from bore-hole DFD-15 was completed and found 

R.S. Tiwari, Vijaya & Jitendra Pandey 


Objective 

Evolutionary diversification of Cretaceous nora of 

Pranhita-Godavari Graben 

To systematically study morpholog» analOnl» ecology and related 

aspects of megafossils 

To detail outjloristic diversification and observe evolutionary 

inter -relat ionshi ps 

Taphonomic and cladistic analysis 

Collection of plant megafossils from vaJ·ious localities of the Gangapur Formation 

included mainly impressions and ill-preserved compressions of leaves, stem and reproduclive 

paris. Two distinct noral assemblages were idcntilied. Assemblage I is dominated by 

thc genus Elatocladus associated with Brachyphyllul11,Pagiophyllum, Allocladus, Araucarites 

and olher unidentified reproductive structures. Assemblage II is charactelized by Equisetites, 

Rhizoll7opteris, Cladophlebis, Ptilophyllul11, Pterophyllunl and other indeterminate learrossils. 

A. Rajanikanlh 

PROJECT 3 

Programme 3.1 

CENOZOIC PLANT BIOGEOGRAPHY or PENINSULA INDIA 

Floristics and plant megafossil biostratigraphy of the 

Deccan Intertrappean sediments 

Objective To study and understand the Deccan Intertrappean fossils 

94 

To determine their age for reconstruction of vegetalional history 

and phylogeography of peninsular India 

A few leaf-impressions from the Deccan Intertrappean sediments from Mohgaon


Kalan were cleared, photographed and studied. They have been tentatively identified with 

Ule leaves of Anacardiaceae and Sapindaceae. 

N. Awasthi & Anita Dwivedi 

Thin sections of fifty fossil wood specimens from Nawargaon in Wardha District, 

Maharashlra were cut and studied. Several genera have been identified, viz., Ailanthus, 

Harringtonia, Canarium, Elaeocarpus, Euphoria, Homalium and Sterculia. In addition, a 

gymnospermous wood and a palm root have also been found. This study reveals that similar 

tlora of Deccan had a wide extension during Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary Period. 

N. AwasUli & E.G. Kharc (Pm1 time Ph.D. work) 

Programme 3.2 

Objective 

Studies on the Tertiary 110ras of western India 

To build up floristic history and phytogeography of western 

India 

Sixty petrified and carboni sed woods from southern Gujarat were cut and studied. 

The genera identi fied are Cynometra, Milleuia-Pongamia (Fabaceae), Diospyros 

(Ebenaceae), Duabanga (Sonneratiaceae), Lagerstroemia (Lylhraceae) and Terlllina/ia 

(Combretaceae). In addilions, a wood belonging to family Rosaceae has heen identilied. A 

male intlorescenee of Nipa palm alongwith palm leaves was identilied and compared with 

rare living material available at the Royal BOlanic Gm'dens, Kew. Spike-like intlorescences 

have been collected from the Palaeocene sediments of Bm'mer (Rajasthan) and Assam: A 

raper on fossil woods was linalized. Study on the oceUlTence of Diplerocarpus in l3ikaner 

indicates the occurrence of moist trorical conditions in the western Rajasthan during Late 

Tertiary, 

.I.S, Guleria 

Programme 3.3 

Objective 

Palynostratigraphy and palaeol1oristics of the Mesowie 

Tertiary sediments in Rajasthan Basin 

To establish palynological succession in the Cretaceous- Tertiary 

sequences 

To deduce palaeoenvironment 

Palynological studies on seventy-nine rock sanlples from five well sections (MK 

207, MK-216, M.I-4, M.I-13 and M.I-15) drilled near Kapurdi and .Ialipa, Barmer Dislrict 

were completed. Palynotloral assemblages recovered are represented by dinoflagellate cysts, 

fungal remains, pteridophytic spores and angiospermic pollen, Palynotloral resemblance 

between the presenl assemblage and Ulat recorded from Matanomadh Formation, 13m'mer 

Sandstone, Ak:1ilignite and P~lana lignite of western India m'e striking, Forms common 

between the present assemblage and that of Matanomadh Formation of Kutch are: 

Dandotiaspora dUma, D, telonata, Lygodiumsporites eocenicus, L. lak/ensis, 

Neocouperipollis rarispinosus, Matanomadhiasulcites maximus, Tricofporopollis matano- 

95

BSIP 

madhensis and Kie/meyerapollenites eocenicus. Many palynotaxa recorded from Palana 

lignite, Banner Sandstone and Akli lignite from Rajasthan are present in Kapurdi and 

Jalipa assemblages which indicate a Palaeocene-Eocene age. 

Most of the palynotaxa from studied well sections are related with tropical-subtropical 

families, viz., Schizaeaceae, Arecaceae, Oleaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Bombacaceae, 

Rubiaeeae and Guttiferae and indicate the presence of low-land, (j'csh-water swamp, water 

edge and coastal elements in the assemblage. 


Programme 3.4 

Neogene plant megafossils 

of West Coast 

Objective 

To study morphoLaxonomy 0/ plant mef'a/ossils; 

palaeo/loristics, palaeoecology and palae0f'eography 

Sixty woods from Kerala Coast were sectiooed and studicd. Most of the woods 

were found to be duplicates of already known genera, such as Anisoptera, Cassia, Cynometra, 

Diospyros, Dryobalanops, Gonystylus, etc. One Cynometra type of wood with predominantly 

uniseriate rays has also been identified. This study indicates that almost similar 

climatic conditions prevailed in Kera!a since Miocene. 

Rashmi Srivastava 

Programme 3.5 

Objective 

Palynological investigation of the Tertiary sediments of 

Kerala Basin with reference to their hiostratigraphy, 

palaeoecology and age 

To study morphotaxonomy 0/ spore-pol/en j;-om tile measured 

sections 0/ Quilon and Warkalli beds 

To establish palynostratigraphic 

zonation 

To determine their correlative value 

To determine the palaeoclimate and eIlvironmenL 0/ deposition 

prevailing at the time o/sedimentation 

Morphotaxonomie study and identification of spore-pollen taxa recovered from 

Kundra clay mine sediments have been completed. The palynoflora consisls of 30 geoera 

and 42 species belonging to pteridophytic spores and angiospermous pollen. The latter 

register dominance over the former. Ecological analysis ofthe assemblage identifies several 

palaeoassociations of low-land, fi'esh water swamp and water edge, sandy beach and backmangrove 

vegetation. The palynological assemblage depicts a wet semi-evergreen type of 

vegetation which had wanl1 and humid U'opicalclimate willi heavy precipitation. The brackish 

water environment of deposition is indicated by back-mangrove elements and dinoflagellate 

cysts. Compruison of this assemblage willi the known Indian Tertiary palynoassemblages 

96


suggests Miocene age. A manuscript dealing with morphotaxonomy and data interpretation 

has been prepared. Processing of forty-three samples of Warkala (Warkalli Formation) has 

heen completed. 

M.R. Rao 

Programme 3.6 

Objecti\'e 

Tertiary megafossils from Neyveli lignite, Tamil Nadu 

To sllId)'morphotaxonom)' of Tertiary megafossilsfrom 

lignite and relate them with extant plants 

Ne)'veli 

To dedllce palaeoenvironmental, palaeoecolor;ical and phytogeographical 

information 

Twenty carbonised woods tram Neyveli lignite were sectioned and studied; fifteen 

of them were found to be the duplicates of already reported genera, viz., 801lea, Diospyros, 

GlliltI, Hopea and Parinari and remaining were poorly preserved. More than 125 blocks of 

carbonised woods were prepared and studied. The study is still continued. Manuscript of a 

paper entitled "Evolutionary status of fossil wood assemblages of Neyveli lignite, Tamil 

Nadu and Warkala (Warkalli) bed, Kerala" was prepared. 


Objective 

Project suspended 

Organic petrological study of Rajasthan lignites 

To carry Olltpetrolor;ical evaillation of Rajasthan 

To prepare basinal models showinr; deposition 

and their coalification trel/ds 

Anil Agarwal 

lir;nite.\ 

of lignite heds 

for the present because no fresh material could be collected. 

Anand-Prakash 

& Rakesh Saxena 

Programme 3.9 

Objective 

Organic petrology of Kutch lignites, Cujarat 

To evaluate Panandhro lir;l/itefor various industrial uses 

To understand r;enesis of lignite and palaeoenvirol/mental conditions 

Qoantitative estimation of Panandlu'o lignite from old mine section has been carried 

oot onder blue light excitation (fluorescence mode). TIle data generated reveal that the 

lignites of all the sections are more or less sim.i1arin respect of maceral composition. Huminite 

is the dominant maceral group (44-94%, fluorescing ,-47%. non-Iluorescing 36-89':«) 

followed by liptini(C (5.6-56%) and inertinite (op to 4.4 %) groups. Among liptinites. 

resittite shows a wide range of variation (0.2-20%). However, the percentage ranges between 

0.2-10%. Alginite (Botryoeoceus), though persistent, is not in recordable amount in 

old mine section. TIle lignites of old ntine section contain a relatively lower proportion of 

Iluoresdng huminite. 

R.K. Misra & Alpana Singh 

97

BSIP 

Lignite samples from three bore-holes (NLE-27, 35 and 36) of the Neyveli lignite 

field have been assessed quantitatively under fluorescence mode (blue light excitation) to 

generate the required data on fluorescing and non-fluorescing macerals for comparative 

study. TIle studies indicate that the macerals of the huminite group are dominant followed 

by Iiplinite and inertinite. 

Alpana Singh 


Palynostratigraphy of the Tertiary sediments nf Gujarat 

Objective 

To correlate Tertiary formations 

and adjacent areas 

To decipher the palaeoecological 

of Kutch with those in Broach 

condition of deposition 

To compare the fossil pollen with the living ones 

Palynoassemblage recovered from Matanomadh Formation is rich in angiosperm 

pollen. The assemblage contains 21 genera and 28 species. Dandotiaspora dilata occurs in 

good number. The recovered assemblage is different from the assemblage in a Nala section 

near Matanomadh Village. The latter assemblage is dominated by Trilatiporites, Lakiapollis, 

Meliapollis and Neocouperipollis, indicating an Early Eocene age. 

l.P. MandaI 

PalynofossilS recovered from the samples of Rajpardi lignite, Broach District show 

the abundance of angiosperm pollen, especially the tricolporate and tetl'acolporate assigned 

to family Alangiaceae, followed by monocotyledonous pollen of Palmae. The other pollen 

assignable to family Bombacaceae, Labiatae, Anonaceae, etc. and fungal fruiting bodies of 

Microthyraceae arc also common in the palynoassemblage. It is concluded that warm and 

humid tropical climate was prevalent during the time of deposition. 

Madhav 

Kumar 

1hirty samples collected from Nageswar near Dwarka were chemically processed 

but no sporomorphs could be recovered. 



Palynological investigation of the Tertiary formations of 

Rajasthan (other than Kapurdi area) 

Objective 

of dijJerelll Tertiary forma 

To build up the palynostratigraphy 

tions 

To correlate different Tertiary formations of Rajasthan with 

those in Gujarat 

To infer the palaeoecological 


1lu'ee Early Eocene pollen genera, viz., Piladiporocolpites, Psiladiporocolpites 

98


and Retidiporocolpites possessing different morphological characters, but all having a characteristic 

type of aperture called "Diporocolpis", were described from the bore-hole KI2, 

drilled by MECL at Kuchaur-Benia area, Bikaner District. The "Diporocolpis" is proposed 

as a new type of aperture wlllch is characterized by the presence of two equatorial pores 

connected by a colpus. In some genera, the margin of aperture is spinose willIe in others it 

is psilate. The exine is variously sculptured or structured. 

Besides, hexacolpate pollen closely resembling the extant pollen of Ocimum were 

also recovered from the same bore-hole. The palynological assemblage indicates an Early 

Eocene age. Since this is the oldest record of fossil Ocimum pollen known so far, it is 

postulated that the genus Ocimum originated in India. The veneration and sanctity that 

Ocimum generates in the minds of people of India reflects its antiquity in India as demonstrated 

in this finding. 

Some new spore pollen genera, e.g., Paclzymonoletasporites, 

and Retitetradites are also proposed from the same bore-hole. 

PluricolumeUatepollis 

R.K 

Kar 

PROJECT 4 

Programme 4.1 

Objective 

PHYTOPLANKTON BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF MARINE 

SEDIMENTARIES OF INDlA 

Phytoplankton biostratigraphy of Cretaceous - Palaeogene 

sequences of South Shillong Plateau, Meghalaya with 

emphasis on time boundaries and palaeoceanography 

To document lithological succession and facies variations in 

outcrop areas 

To study dinocyst morphology and biostratigraphy and to document 

phytoplankton rich levels 

To integrate dinocyst, calcareous plankton and 

palaeontological data for stratigraphic precision 

To carry oUIpalynofacies and organic petrographic studies 

To carry out oxygen isotope and geochemical 

KIT boundary 

To allempt palaeoceanographic 

interpretations 

studies across 

Photodocumentation, morphologic study and identification of Danian dinoflagellate 

cyst taxa have been calTied out. Photodocumentation and identification of Late 

Palaeocene dinoflagellate cyst assemblage from Cherrapunji area were also completed. 

KP. Jain, Rahul Garg & Khowaja- Ateequzzaman 

A draft on "Integrative bioevents at KIT boundary in Meghalaya" has been prepared. 

Rahul Garg & KP . .lain 

99

BSIP 

Programme 4.2 

Objective 

Cretaceous phytoplankton biostratigraphy and 

palaeoceanographic set up of East Coast petroliferous basins 

To document lithological succession in outcrop areas 

To study dinocystmorphology, 

taxonomy and biostratigraphy 

To imegrate phytoplankton data with palaeontological and 

sedimentological data 

To carry out palynofacies stl/dy, docl/ment plankton-rich levels 

carbon isotope (C- J 3) and organic petro 

To carry Ol/tstable 

graphic studies 

To a/lempt palaeoce{Uwgraphv 

modelling 

A manuscript on a new dinoflagcllatc cyst genus from the Upper Cretaceous of 

Cauvcry Basin has been revised and submitted. A draft manuscript on dinotlagellate cyst 

biostratigraphy of Trichi nopoly Formation has also been complcted. 

K.P. .Jain, Khowaja-Ateequzzaman & Rahu! Garg 

Programme 4.3 

Neogene calcareous nannoplankton palaeoceanography 

of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 

Objective 

To compare Neogene calcareous nannoplankton assemblage 

of Andaman and Nicobar Islands with that known from nearshore 

and high latitude and to select cosmopolitan markers 

To integrate calcareous nannoplankton 

and planktonic foraa, 

lJi,~co(lster blvtl\veri Tan Sin Hok 1927; b, Discoasler variabilis Martini & Bramlette 1963 (x 

2200) from Late Miocene of Neill Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands. 

100


1--1 

10um 

Stictodiscus nankooremis (Grunow) Pant-a diatom from Miocene sediments of Interview Island, 

Andaman & Nicobar Islands. 

miniferal zonations 

to improve dating resolution 

To record palaeoenvironmental events with special reference 

to Antarctica glaciation event based on plankton assemblage 

backed by stable isotope and organic data 

Early Miocene nannofossils in volcanogenic sediments of Lacum Point Section of 

Havelock Island, suggest assignment to nannofossil zone: Helicosphaera ampliaperta (NN 

4) which is an important oil-bearing horizon in Southeast Asian basins. lbis also marks an 

event matching the opening of Andaman Sea. Based on nannofossil data of sections from 

Neill Islands and Car-Nioobar Island. the problem of demarcating MiocenelPIiocene boundary 

in Indian Ocean and Southeast Asian basins was recognised. 

Photodocumentation of Neogene calcareous nannofossils from Archipelago group 

of sediments is being contin'led. 

SA 

Zafar 

Programme 4.4 Late Cenozoic diatom biostratigraphy of Andaman and 

Nicobar Islands 

101

BSIP 

Objective To study morphology and taxonomy of diatom and 

silicoflagellate taxa from Late Cenozoic surface and subsurface 

sections (type locality/reference sections) of Andaman 

Nicobar Islands 

and correla 

To establish biozonation for age determination 

tion with geologically synchronous beds 

To interpret palaeoenvironment, palaeogeography and time 

boundaries 

To integrate the diatom biostratigraphy with the established 

foraminiferal biozones and isotope study 

Data on fossil diatoms and silicoflagellates from Anderson and Interview Islands 

have been completed. Anderson assemblage is rich in diatoms, silicoflagellates, sponge 

spicules and radiolarians. On the other hand, Interview assemblage is dominated by radiolarians. 

Very few diatom taxa have been found in Interview sediments. SEM and EDAX 

studies of some samples from both islands were carried out. 

Anil Chandra 

Programme 4.5 

Palaeogene-Neogene phytoplankton biostratigraphy and 

palaeoceanographic set-up of Kutch and Saurashtra basins, 

India 

Objective To study dinoflagellate cyst morphology and biostratigraphy 

and to document phytoplankton rich levels 

To integrate dinoflagellate cyst, calcareous nannoplankton 

palaeontological data for stratigraphic precision 

and 

To document palaeoenvironmental 

events 

Literature on Tertiary geology of Kutch Basin was consulted and reference cards 

were prepared. 

K.K 

Pandey 

Preparation of lithologs of the studied sections and compilation of field data have 

partly been carried out. 

PROJECT 5 

Rahul Garg, Khowaja-Ateequzzaman & KK Pandey 

PALAEOFLORIsnc DIVERSIFICATION IN THE HIMALAYA 

Programme 5.1 

Objective 

102 

Palaeozoic flora of Kashmir region: biozonation, affinities 

and biogeography 

To make -&tensive collections of plant fossils from the peri 

Gondwana stratigraphical sequences, their identification and


Programme 5.2 

comparison with Gondwana, Cathaysiall and Allgaran elements 

to trace their origin 

Several good specimens orthe genus Kall'a~ioph)'I//IIn coli eelcd Ii'omthe DunpaUlri 

Member of Mama! Formation were sorted, cleaned and photographed. It has been observed 

that not a single leafis preserved in a flat position, almost all arc folded. The leaves bave an 

incipient parallel venation. Cellulose acelale pulls were made from these specimens for the 

recovery of cuticles. No cuticle was recovered but the macerate did contain a few monosaccate, 

disaccate-nonstriate and disaccate-slriale pollen. These pollen are identifiable up 10generic 

level. The genera that have been identified include Cordaililla, POlonieisporites, 

IJensipolleniles, Slriomollosacciles, Schellrillgipolleniles, Cedripiles, Prolohaplo~ypilllls, 

Slrialiles, Lahiriles, Gondwanipol/elliles, Rhizomaspora and Schizopol/is. 

On the basis of composilion of the megaflora, the Mamal Formation has generally 

been equated WiUlthe Karharbari 'Formalion' of Gondwana Supergroup of the peninsula. 

The composilion of palynoflora from the I)unpatbri Member, particularly the presence of 

the genus Schi~opol/is suggests that this member may be equivalenl of the basal part of the 

Barakar Formalion. Except for the presence of Ulegenus Cordailina, the palynoflora known 

so far is Iypically Gondwanan in composition. 

H.K. Maheshwati, 

Usha l3ajpai [& H.M. Kapoor] 

Palynotloras of the Tethyan sediments of the Himalaya, 

their provenance and regional relationship 

OlijeClil'e 

To search palynofossils ill the well rla/ed sequence of Palaeozoic 

and Mesozoic sedimeills of Nil; (Spiri), Malia Johar (K(lmaoll) 

and Kashmir (Gury(ll ravine and PahalWIOIl) 

Qualitalive assessment of tbe palynoassemblages recovered Ii'om eight secLions in 

Niti area, has been completed. They compare with the Late Permian and Eat'ly Triassic 

palynoassemblages of peninsular India and establishes correlation between the palynoassemblages 

from marine and continental sequences at Permian-Triassic transiLion. 

R.S. Tiwat'i, Vijaya l& VD. Mamgain & R.S. Misra, GSI) 

Qualitative assessment of the spore-pollen taxa recovered from tbe five well-dated 

sections in Spiti at'ea has been done. For the lirsl time, l3at'akar. Upper Ranigan) and Lower 

Panchel equivalent miolloras at'e identified in these sections. which exhibit close similat·ity 

wilh the known palynoassemblages from pellinsulat· India. 

Programme 5.3 

R.S. Tiwari. Vijaya. Ram-Awatar [& T Singh. WIHG] 

Palynostratigraphic studies, evaluation of rank and properties 

orcoal and associated sediments in eastern Himalaya 

Ohjective 

To correlate Ihe palynoflora wilh petrography of coal and to 

compare with the known palynofloras from Ihe peninsular 

Gondwana 

103

BSIP 

To reconstruct marine pathways, palaeoecology and 

palaeoenvironment during the deposition of the Permian sedim£nts 

in Siang District 

Permian sediments, coal, carbonaceous shale, micaceous shales exposed in Ghish 

and Lish River sections in the Darjeeling District were analysed. One sample from Ghish 

River yielded palynofossils. The preservation, however, is poor. 

Samples from Devonian and Permian sediments collected from Sethi Khola and 

Rigka Nala, Bhutan sent by GSI were processed. Coal balls fTom Sethi Khola )ielded very 

poorly preserved palynofossils. Study of these fossils is continued. 

Suresh C. Srivastava & AP. Bhattacharyya 

Two papers were finalized in collaboration with Wadia Institute of Himalayan 

Geology, Dehradun : "The nature of contact between Gondwana sediments and basement 

metamorphic rocks in Arunachal Himalaya" and "Organic petrology ofTtparn coals (Arunachal 

Himalaya), their nature, composition, rank and depositional envirorunenC'. 

Anand-Prakash 

[with T. Singh, WIHG] 

Programme 5.4 Palynological history of the Tertiary sediments of Jammu 

area 

Objective 

To study palynofossils from the Palaeocene- Miocene sediments 

To carry out palynozonation, age determination and correlation 

of the assemblage 

To develop in/ormation on phytogeography and understanding 

of the orogeny of Himalaya 

Several rich palynofloral associations have been studied from two measured stratigraphic 

sections of the Subathu succession (Eocene) in the Kalakot area. Ferruginous shales, 

dark grey shales, carbonaceous shales, coal seams and pyrite concretions are the common 

lithological features encountered in the Subathu Formation. The palynofloral assemblage 

consists of a variety of dinocysts, spore-pollen grains, fungal and algal remains. Three 

distinct palynological assemblage zones have been recognised, viz., Honwtryblillnl sp. 

Assemblage Zone, Cordosphaeridium sp. Assemblage Zone and Thalassiplwra sp. Assemblage 

Zone. These assemblage zones eOlrelate with those established in the Kalka-Simla 

and Banethi-Bagthan areas of Himachal Pradesh. Palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental 

analyses of the recorded palynoflora demonstrate that the dinocysts/spore-pollen ratios 

run in inverse proportion [rom the base to the top of succession. Palynofloral composition 

dominated by dinocysts confirms a shallow marine environment o[ deposition for the 

Subathu Formation. 

Samir Sarkar 

Programme 5.5 

104 

Palynostratigraphy of the Tertiary sediments of Kargil 

Basin, Ladakh Himalaya


Objective 

To systematically 

study spores and pollen 

To establish paLynozonation 

To reconstruct the past vegetation, environment 

and paLaeogeography 

0/ deposition 

One hundred-fifty samples collected from the Indus Group exposed at Khalsi, 

Oras and Kargil areas were macerated. Dispersed organic matter yielding horizons have 

been identified from Khalsi area. Algal remains have been recovered from the lower par1 

of Indus Group. Morphotaxonomic study is now being taken up. 

R. K. Saxena & Samir Sarkar 

Programme 5.6 

Neogene Himalaya: floristics, evolutionary patterns and 

climate 

Objective To undertake extensive study o//ossil plalltsfromNeogene sedimellts 

0/ different regions 0/ the HimaLaya 

To build up IhefloraL succession/or interpreting paLaeoecolog); 

phytogeography and evoLution 0/ the HimaLayan flora 

Sorted and cleared the leaf-impressions collected from the KasauH sediments of 

Himachal Pradesh. A paper on the lea-impressions of Bauhinia from Kasauli was finalized. 

N. Awasthi 

Out of a rich collection of fossil plants from the KasauH Formation, near Shiv 

Shakti Temple, Kasauli, five types of leaf -impressions have been identified with the leaves 

of the extant taxa, Clinogyne dichotoma (monocotyledon), Garcinia speciosa, Glufa 

tavoyana, Conzbrelwn apewlunz and Phyllal/lhus reliculatus (dicotyledons). These are distributed 

in the Indo-Malayan region and suggest that the Kasauli nora nourished under 

tropical climate with better representation of evergreen clements. Occurrence of coastal 

plants, such as, Garcinia speciosa and Gluta tavoyana indicates persistence of the coastal 

environment in the area during deposition of the Kasauli sediments. 

N. Awasthi 1& Ritesh Arya, Chandigarh] 

Plant fossils comprising leaves, fruits and seeds from Surai Khola, Arjun Khola 

and Rehar areas of western Nepal have been studied and descriptions of35 leaf-impressions 

collected from Arjun Khola have been written. In addition, some more leaf-impressions 

have been identi fied. TIley are : Anzoora lawii, Anisoplem glabm, Cocculus Irilobus, 

Diospyros dasyphylla, Ficus scandens, Ipomoea eriocarpa, Mallolus philippinense, Sabia 

palliculala and Valicaperapellsis. A manusclipt entitled, "Further contribution to the Siwalik 

nora from Surai Khola sequence, western Nepal and palaeoecology and phytogeography of 

the region" was prepared. Based on the distribution patterns of the modern counterparts of 

megafossils, a low mesophytic tropical moist deciduous to evergreen forests in the area 

during Siwalik sedimentation has been envisaged. 

N. Awasthi & Mahesh Prasad 

105

A ICClf-imprcs';lOn rcsemhJin~ 

modern Anisoptera :::/abl"a Irom 

Siwalik sediments of Arjun Khola. 

wc.;tern Nepal. 

Out oflhe sixty fossil woods seCiioned and studied from Kalagarh, three have been 

found to he new showing al1iniLies with the woods of Fahaceae, Euphorhiaceae and 

Myrtaceae. A draft paper on "Fossil wood of DlIaballga from the Siwalik sediments of 

Sindhuli, Nepal" was prepared. Leaf-impressions from Haridwar, Kathgodam and Koilabas 

arca, were also investigated. Three impressions from the Koilabas have heen identilied 

showing resemhlance with Lagerslroenlla parviJIora, He/icia erralica and Allis"pilyl/a 

"pew/" belonging to Lythraccae, Proteaceae and Rhi70phoraceae, respectively. The present 

106


habit and habitat of the recorded taxa and the morphological characters of the fossil leaves 

indicated that the area enjoyed a tropical climate with plenty ofrainfaJi during Mio-Pliocene 

times in contrast to the present day climate with reduced precipitation. 

Programme 5.7 

Objective 

PROJECT 6 

Mahesh Prasad 

Palynology, palaeoecology and palaeogeography of the Tertiary 

sediments of Nepal Himalaya 

To study palynofossils from the Mio-Pliocene 

sedimellIs 

To carry OlltpalYllozonation and age determination of assemblages 

together with reflections on the past vegetation and environment 

of deposition 

Palynollora from the Siwalik Group of rocks exposed in the Surai Khola and Arjun 

Khola areas have been studied. Several palynoassociations have bcen recognised in the 

Siwalik succession between) 3 to 2 Ma. TIle data has been interpreted and plotted against a 

chronostratigraphic control. A standard successional palynolloral model li"Omwestern Nepal 

has been prepared for comparative study. Progressive enrichment of Neogene palynolloras 

of Himalaya due to evolutionary changes and inflow/outllow of plant taxa from the adjoining 

areas is envisaged to have shaped the present day Iloras. 

Samir Sarkar 

U10STRATtGRAPHY AND PALYNOFACIES or PETROI.II'EROUS 

BASINS 

OF EAST INOlA 

Programme 

Objective 

6. t 

Tertiary tloral history of northeast India 

To s/rldy morphotaxonomy of megafossilsfrom the Palaeogene 

and Neogene sediments of Assam, Meghalaya and Arllnachal 

Pradesh 

To reconstruct Tertiaryfloralhistol); palaeo-ecology and phytogeography 

Systematic descriptions of one hundred specimens comprising leaves, fruits and 

seeds from Makum Coalfield were completed. Draft of a paper entitled, "Evolution and 

diversilicaIion of angiosperms in Northeast India during Tertiary" was prepared. A paper on 

more than 20 taxa from Makum Coaltield was also finalized. Modern counterparts of the 

fossil taxa indicate a Iropical climate with high precipitation. The presence of some coastal 

forms indicates near-shore deposition of the beds. 

N. Awasthi & R.C. Mehrotra 

Programme 6.2 

Palynostratigraphy of sedimentary rocks in Therriaghat 

section and its correlation with Jaintia and Garo Hills 

sediments 

Objective 

of different Tertiary forllla 

To work. Ollt palynostratigraphy 

tions 

107

BSIP 

To palynologically differentiate Langpar (Early Palaeocene), 

Langpar-Lakadong (Middle Palaeocene), Lakadong 

Umalatodoh-Prang (Early-Middle Eocene), Prang-Kopili (Lale 

Eocene) and Kopili-Barail (Early Oligocene) sediments 

To correlate the Therriaghm 

and Caro Hills 

assemblages with Ihose of Jaintia 

The Late Cretaceous and Tertiary palynological assemblages recovered from 

Then'iaghat and other localities were divided into several phytogeoprovinces and cenozones. 

The Senonian palynoflora oflndia were clubbed with Brazil and West African palynofloras 

as Constanlinisporis phytoprovince characterized by the presence of Constanlinisporis, 

Victorisporis and Andreisporis. The Danian to Middle Eocene palynofloras of India were 

placed under pantropical Proxaperlites operculalus zone and this was further subdivided 

into Acroslichumsporiles meghalayensis subzone, Dandoliaspora dilma subzone, 

Kielmeyerapolleniles syncolporatus subzone, Lakiapollis ovatus subzone, Tricolporopililes 

robustus subzone and Pellicieroipollis langenheimii subzone. The Oligocene and Miocene 

palynofloras were placed under pantropical Slrialriletes susannae zone and were divided 

into Trisyncolpites ramanujamii subzone and Hibisceaepolleniles robuslispinosus subzone. 

A comparison of Borneo, Caribbean and Atlantic Tertiary palynological assemblages with 

India reveals that the transatlantic palynological assemblages show closer similarity. 

R.K. Kar 

Important palynotaxa recovered from Bapung, Mukshay, Thangskai and Waliyncott 

of Meghalaya are: Cyathidites minor, Dandotiaspora dilma, D. telonala, D. plicala, 

Lycopodiumsporites speciosus, L. umstwensis, Polypodiisporiles repandus, Neocouperipollis 

kulchensis, N. wodehousei, Malanomadhiasulciles maximus, M. kutchensis, 

Spinizonocolpites echinatus, Proxapertiles microreliculatus, P assamicus, Lakiapollis ovalUS, 

Relilribrevicolporites matanomadhensis, Triangulorites bellus, Trilatiporiles kutchensis, 

etc. The assemblage indicates a Late Palaeocene age for the sediments. 

Manisha Nanda & R.K. Kar 

Spores and pollen recovered from Bhalu KUlUg, Meghalaya were photographed. 

The assemblage is dominated by the various species of Lycopodiumsporites, Dandotiaspora, 

Malanomadhiasulciles, Proxaperlites, Neocouperipollis, Spinizonocolpites, Tripilaoriles, 

Trianguloriles and Kielmeyerapollenites. The assemblage indicates a Late Palaeocene age. 

R.K. Kar & M. Chakraborty 

(Part-time Ph.D. work) 

Programme 6,3 

Objeclive 

Palynostratigraphy of Thra Formation (Palaeocene), Garo 

Hills, Meghalaya 

To establish significance of the palynoflora in biostratigraphic 

zonation, correlation and dating 

To study palynofloras 

recovered from selected sections in or- 

108


der 10 recognise Iheir ecological imporlance and 10trace evolUlionary 

lineage 

To deduce palaeoclimme and depositional environmenl prevalem 

al the time of deposition 

Palynofossils from rock samples collected along the road sections of Will iam Nagar 

- Nongwalbibra were studied. The palynoassemblage includes fungi (5%) and pteridophytic 

spores (30%), while among the angiosperms, monocots form 20 per cent and the dicottaxa 

are represented by 40 per cent of the assemblage. Occurrence of Laricoidites is indicative of 

the sediments being younger in age than lower part of Palaeogene and is comparable to the 

assemblage recorded from the top seam in Rekmangiri area. The important palynotaxa 

recorded from the sediments comprise Lycopodiumsporites speciosus, Cyathidiles minor, 

Diclyophyllidites dulcis, Dandoliaspora telonala, D. dilma, Matanomadhiasulciles maximus, 

Droseridites major, Kielmeyerapolleniles syncolporatus, Relitribrevicolporites rubra, 

Tricolpites sp., Psilastephanocolpites psilmus, Margocolporites sallllii, Palmidiles plicatus, 

Spinizonocolpites echinalUs, Proxapertiles operculmus, Laricoidites magnus, etc. For the 

detailed morphological studies SEM examination was also calTied oul. 

K. Ambwani 

Programme 6.4 

Palynological investigation of the Tertiary sediments of 

Jaintia and Cachar Hills 

Objeclive 

To study morphotaxonomy 

and affinity of palynofossils 

To selecI ecologically and slratigraphically important 

palynolaxafor biostraligraphic zonmion, correlation and dating 

and environment of deposilion of sedi 

To infer palaeoclimale 

ments 

Disang assemblage recorded from Silchar-Haflong Road section was compared 

with the Palaeocene-Eocene llora of Meghalaya, Bengal Basin and Kutch Basin. Though 

few laxa, like Palmidiles, Spinizonocolpiles, Slrialriletes, Tricolporopililes and PellicieroipoUis 

are common between the assemblages. Disang assemblage is poor in val'iety and 

number. Nevertheless, the assemblage is identical with Disang assemblage of Upper Assam. 

J.P. MandaI 

Programme 6.5 

Objective 

Palynological studies of Khasi (Late Cretaceous) and Garo 

(Late Tertiary) groups in the South-Shillong front, 

Meghalaya 

To establish palynological zonmion for correlation and daling 

of each unit of rocks 

To infer palaeoclimale and depositional environment 

109

BSIP 

To study extall/ pollen and spores for comparisun 

ones 

with extinct 

Study and documentation of the pal ynOlaxa recovered from the Late Cretaceous 

sediments in Khasi Hills were completed. The assembtage recovered is dominated by 

pteridophytic spores, followed by gymnospermic pollen. Angiospermic pollen, although 

poorty represented, are marked by the occurrence of Normapolles group of pollen. For the 

first time impmlant megaspore genus Arcellites and Paxillitriletes were recorded. On the 

basis of palynology the sediments were correlated with the type section of Late Cretaceous 

units. 

A rich palynological assemblage was documented from the Tertiary sediments of 

Garo Hills which is marked by the consistent occurrence of Bombacacidites, Pellicieroipollis, 

Compositoipollenites, Meliapollis, Retistephanocolpites and Tricolpites. The assemblage 

compares with the Barail Group of sediments of Assam and Meghalaya. Condation of the 

sediments on the basis of palynotaxa was done. Spores related to fresh water ferns along 

with palm pollen in the Eocene sediments indicate occunence of fresh-water swampy condition 

while in Miocene sediments pollen related to high altitude gymnosperms rellect the 

raised topography and initiation of cold climatic condition. The raised topography may be 

related to the first upliftment of the Himalayas in this paIl. 

Programme 6.6 

R.S. Singh 

Palynostratigraphy of the Tertiary sediments of Mikir and 

North Caehar Hills, Assam 

Objective 

To select stratigraphically and ecologically important 

palynotaxa of North Cachar Hills 

To study ultrastructure of importanl palynofossils 

relation with pollen of extant taxa 

10 trace their 

To reconstruct the eln'ironment of deposition and palaeoclimate 

during sedimell/ation 

TIle rock samples of Maibong Road and Lumding-Hallong Road sections show scanty 

representation of palynofossils. The qualitative and morphological observations of 

palynoassemblage recovered from Lumding-Hallong Road section indicate that spores of 

Striatriletes complex aI'edominant, followed by pollen of Tricolporopollis. The Striatriletes 

spores are also dominant in the assemblage from Maibong Road. The Permian saccate 

pollen are also found in these assemblages. 

Madhav Kumar 

Programme 6.7 

Objective 

Palynostratigraphy uf Barail sediments in Upper Assam 

To study Barail sediments in order to know their lithic characters, 

na/llre of Coil/act and palynofossil content 

110


To study morphotaxonomy 

of the palynofossils 

zonation in the emire Barail sedi 

To establish palynological 

mentary succession 

To study the botanical affinity of the various spore-pollen 

Out of seventy-five samples collected from Oilli River section, 21 samples yielded 

spores and pollen. The assemblage shows the dominance ofpteridophytic spores, viz., Striatriletes, 

Lygodiumsporites, Dictyophyllidites, Crassoretitriletes, Polypodiaceaesporites and 

Polypodiisporites. The angiospermie pollen are common and are represented by 

Bombacacidites, Palaeomalvaceaepollis and Pellicieroipollis. Some Permian striate bisaccate 

pollen, mostly represented by Striatites, Lahirites and Striatopodocarpites are also encountered 

in the assemblage. 

taxa 


Programme 6.8 

Objective 

Palynostratigraphy of the KopiJi Formation of Khasi and 

Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya 

To establish palynological zones for correlation and dating 

To deduce palaeoclimate and depositional environment 

To carry Ollt SEM studies of important palynofossils 

evolutionary trends 

to trace 

Forty-six samples of Kopili Formation fTOm.Iowai-Badarpur Road Section were 

macerated. In the assemblage, the pteridophytic spores are represented by Polypodiisporites, 

Monolites, Polypodiaceaesporites, Striatriletes, Lygodillmsporites and Cyathidites; the 

angiospermic pollen are represented by Densiverrupollenites. Fungal forms are represented 

by Dyadosporonites, Phragmothyrites, Notothyrites, etc. The study is continued. 

G. K. Tri vedi 

Programme 6.10 Biodiagenesis of Tertiary coals from Nagaland and kerogen 

study from Tertiary sequence of Assam-Arakan Basin 

Objective To evaluate Tertiary coals from Nagaland and kerogen study 

from Tertiary sequence of Assam-Arakan Basin 

A set of nine coal samples with Ro max. 0.55 to 0.81 per cent has been selected for 

assessing alteration effect of fluorescence on their perhydrous (nuorescing) vitJ'inite from 

49 samples of Garo and .Iaintia Hills of Meghalaya. Fluorescence alteration behaviour of 

perhydrous vitrinite in these Palaeocene "abnormal" coals shows that t11eirrank is related to 

the contents of primary and secondary bitumen. Relatively early generation of secondary 

bitumen in these coals than in normal humic coals is colTelatable with their coking property 

as well as abnormal renectance behaviour. 

III

BSIP 

Another set ofliptinite-rich samples has been selected for spectral fluorescence measurements 

on sporinite and alginite macerals. Spectral fluorescence behaviours o[ sporinite 

and alginite in these Tertiary coals and in coals [rom an Upper Permian seam reveal that 

Lambda max. and spectral Quotients (Q) of sporinite have relation wi[b age, whereas [bose 

of alginite with rank. The plotting of Clu'omaticity Coefficients, calculated from the corresponding 

fluorescence colours, on Chromaticity Diagram of International Colourimetry 

System (DIN 6164 D 65.2") has been found helpful in differentiating sporinite types and 

fluorescence colour. 

B.K 

Misra 


Palynostratigraphy and correlation of Tertiary sediments 

of Meghalaya 

Objective 

To carry out morphotaxonomic 

study of recorded palynotaxa 

To determine stratigraphically significant palynotaxa and their 

application in zonation, correlation and dating 

To infer palaeoclimate and environment of deposition 

lineages of stud 

To trace botanical affinity and evolutionary 

ied palynotaxa 

Processing of 24 samples from the Oligocene-Lower Miocene sequences of 

Boldamgiri Formation of Adugiri-Purakhasia road section in Garo Hills was completed. 

Morphological studies of palynomorphs of this section have been taken up. 

R.K Saxena & M.R. Rao 

Processing or 75 samples [rom Palaeocene-Eocene sequences of Nongwalbibra 

and Siju-Baghmara sections in Garo Hills was completed. Morphological studies of 

palynofossils from these sections have been taken up. 

PROJECT 7 

Programme 7.1 

R.K 

Saxena, S. KM. Tripathi & Vandana Prasad 

RECONSTRUCTION OF QUATERNARY VEGETATIONAL PATTERNS 

History of vegetation and climate in tropical montane 

forests in south India 

Objective To build up a complete palynofloral succession of the Shola 

forest/grassland in Annamalai Hills, Palni Hills and Silent Valley 

Twenty soil samples from Berijam Lake profile, Palni Hills, dating back to 20,000 

yrs B.P. have been pollen analysed and one pollen diagram prepared. Three vegetational 

stages have been phased out in order to record all possible events and episodes which [be 

vegetation has witnessed in time and space. 

112


Phase I: (20,000-16,000 yrs B.P.) - It records lhe existence of grassland as it is 

evidenced by high frequency ofPoaceae alongwith herbs and ferns depicting cold and dry 

climatic regime. 

Phase 1/: (16,000-4,000 yrs B.P.) - It records emergence of such herbaceous taxa 

which are lhe associates of Shola forest on one hand and reduction of grasses on the olher. 

This shift in lhe vegetation has revealed the climatic amelioration leading to warm and 

humid climate. 

Programme 7.2 

Objective 

Phase /II : (4,000 yrs B.P. till date) - It records coexistence 

grasses under lhe increasing cold and decreasing humid climatic regime. 

of Shola forest and 

H.P. Gupta, S.K. Bera & Anjum Farooqui 

Pollen morphology of lhe genera Eucalyptus, Jambosa and Syzygium (eight species 

of lhe family My,taceae); Lonicera and Olea (one species each Oleaceae); Xanthophyllum 

(one species Polygalaceae); Zizyphus (one species Rhamnaceae); Carellia (one species 

Rhizophoraceae); Adina, Canthiun, Coffea and Morinda (five species Rubiaceae) has 

been studied. 

H.A. Khan 

Study of modern pollen taxa, viz., Palaquium ellipticum, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, 

Pavetta breviflora, Euonymus frigidus, E. crenulatus, Gordonia obtusa, Eurya acumiflata, 

Rhododefldrofl flilagiricum. Oldenlandia aspera, Ligustrum robustum, Evodia roxburghiana, 

/lex doniana, I. whitiafla, Sapota glabra, Viburnum cordijolium, Berberis sp., 

Strobilaflthes cadatus, Impatiens sp., Ranuflculus sp., Dodoflaea viscosa, Heracleum 

nepalense, Polygoflum plebejum, Polygala sp., Osbeckia capitata, Blumea membrancea, 

Artemisia parviflora, Crepis japonica, Cricus falcofleri, Vernonia sp., Senecio sp., Gentiana 

ten ella, Elaeocarpus ferrugineus, E. parviflora, Symplocos pendula, S. obtusa, Celastrus 

paniclliata, Drosera sp., Dipsacus sp., and Cheflopodium sp. was taken up to get aquainted 

wilh various morphotypes of Shola forest. 

Anjum Farooqui 

Depositional environment and climate during the Quaternary 

Period in the Himalaya: a palynological approach 

To build up a fine resolution climatic sequence of Quaternary 

Period in the Himalayafl region 

Pollen analysis of four surface samples from Dewar Tal, Garhwal Himalaya has 

revealed lhe dominance of arboreals over non-arboreals. Amongst lhe arboreals Pinus followed 

by Quercus and Alnus are lhe major representatives, whereas Salix, Myrica, Rhododendron, 

Acer, Bauhiflia together with sluubby elements of Strobilaflthes, Rosaceae and 

Oleaceae are sporadic. The ground vegetation comprises mainly grasses, sedges, Cheno/ 

Ams, Asteraceae, Polygonum, etc. Fern spores are quite frequent in most of the samples. 

n,e recent pollen spectra constructed from Dewar Tal show a close coherence with lhe 

modern vegetation composition in the region. 

113

BSIP 

Pollen analysis ofa 1.8 m deep soil profile from Dewar Tal has revealed the presencc 

of chirpine forests in the region around 2,500 years B.P. The broad-leaved taxa, such 

as Quercus, Alnus, Rhododendron, etc. were scantily distributed around 2,000 years B.P. 

The mixed Chirpine-Oak forests got established as indicated by the increased frequencies 

of Quercus, Alnus, Rhododendron and shmbby elements of Strobilamhes, Oleaceae and 

Rosaceae. Thereafter, the decline in these forests and simultaneous improvement in grasses 

and other non-arboreals have been witnessed. 

Chhaya Sharma & M.S. Chauhan 

Pollen analysis of24 samples from 1.5 m deep soil profile (DT-3) from Deoria Tal, 

Garhwal Himalaya has been carried out. Study reveals the dominance of non-arboreals over 

arboreals. Poaceae followed by Cyperaceae are major constituents. Asteraceae, 

Ranunculaceae, Cheno/Ams, Caryophyllaceae, Brassicaceae, Polygonaceae, Lantiaceae and 

Urticaceae, etc. are other associates of ground cover. Arboreals are poorly represented by 

Pinus, Quercus, Alnus, Bewla, Carpinus, Rhododendron, Picea, Abies, Ephedra, Ulmus, 

Celtis, Juglans, Myrtaceae, Symplocos, Juniperus and Fabaceae. Fern spores are encountered 

in good number reflecting their oligin from local source. The overall vegetation assemblage 

depicts that around 2,500 years B.P. the open mixed broad-leaved forest existed in the 

region. 

Chhaya Sharma & Asha Gupta 

Five aeropalynological samples from Chaurangi Khal, Garhwal Himalaya were 

pollen analysed .The study reveals the dominance of ru·boreals over non-arboreals. Arboreals 

show high frequency of Pinus followed by Quercus, Carpinus, Betula, Alnus, Corylus, 

Ulmus, Celtis, Juglans and Rhododendron. Non-ru·boreals ru·e represented by Poaceae, 

Ranunculaceae, Cyperaceae, Cheno/Ams and Brassicaceae, etc. Fungal spores ru·eencountered 

in good nUI)1berwhile fern spores occur rarely. TIle composition ofaerospora more or 

less colTesponds with the sUlTounding vegetation in the region, except for the under-representation 

of fern spores which could be attributed to their restricted verticaltranspOltation. 

Programme 7.3 

History of mangrove vegetation in India 

Asha Gupta & Chhaya Shru·ma 

Objecti\'e 

To study palynostratigraphy and Dispersed Organic· Maller 

analysis of the sediments from Chilka Lake in Mahanadi 

Brahmani-Baitarini delt{/lc region in Orissa 

Five samples of250 m deep profile at the depth between 51-55 m from Sadanandpur 

in Mahanadi Delta have been palynologically investigated. The assemblage showed the 

preponderance of Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Chenopodiaceael Amru·anthaceae, Urlicaceae, Typha, 

Leollla, N)'mphoides, Potamogeton, etc. The core-mangrove taxa such as Rhizophora, 

Avicennia, Excoecaria, Heritiera and pelipheral mangroves were lowly present. The palynological 

;nvestigation has revealed that during this phase the sea regressed leaving the 

relics of mangrove forest in Mahanadi Della. 

114


Eight samples of Dangmal prol1le collected from thickets of mangrove forest at 

Bhitarkanika, Baitarni Della, Orissa have been palynologically investigated. The samples 

showed good assemblage of pollen grains, fungal spores, dinoflagellate cysts, microforaminifera, 

Pediastrum, fern spores and Pseudoscltizea. The dominance of Rltizopltora, 

Sonneratia, Avicennia, Excoecaria, etc. were recorded. The other peripheral mangroves 

and hinterland taxa encountered in varying frequencies are Pandanus, Acacia, Aegialitis, 

Heritiera, Xylocarpus, Emblica, Xantltium, Brownlowia, Justicia, Casuarina, Poaceae, 

Rubiaceae, Lythraceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Urticaceae, Chenopodiaceael AmaranUlaceae, 

etc. The study reflects the existence of mangrove throve as Ule area enjoyed consistent 

marine" incursions. 

H.P. Gupta & Asha Khandelwal 

Nine samples numbering 166, 180, 184, 194, 197,201,206,208,210,218 from 

250 m deep profile fTOmSadanandpur were pollen analysed. The samples are rich both 

quantitatively and qualitatively. The important mangrove constituents are represented by 

the members of Rhizophoraceae, Avicennia, Sonnera(ia, Excoecaria, Nypa and Brownlowia. 

The study has revealed the existence of constant depths of sea water leading to luxuriant 

mangrove throve. 

H.P. Gupta & R.R. Yadav 

Programme 7.4 

Objecrive 

Dendrochronology of temperate and tropical trees and seasonality 

of cambium activity 

To recollstruct climate (temperature alld precipitation) from 

free rings 

To study environmental factors determilling tlte seasonality of 

cambium activity 

Ring widths of dated tree ring sequences of Abies pindrow collected from Dwali near 

Pindari glacier were measured. Tree growth has shown highly individualistic growth pattern 

which could be due to inter-tree competition and stand phase disturbances. Tree ring 

chronology further needs to be updated with more replication of samples from the area for 

climatic reconstluction. 

Tree ring samples of teak (Tectona grandis) collected from KOI-Li,Andhra Pradesh 

were dated and ling widths measured. A master chronology (1872-1989 AD) was prepared 

from nine samples. Tree growth and climate relationship using response function analysis 

has shown very good correlation between tree growth and summer precipitation. 

Fifteen u·cc core samples of spluce collected from Dodital in Uttarkashi were dated 

using Skeleton plot method. Trees have been found 10 be around 300 years in age. Tree core 

samples of deodar collected from different areas around Gangotri were also dated. Age of 

trees has been found to be around 500 years in Gangotri. 

R. R. Yadav & Amalava Bhattacharyya 

115

BSIP 

Programme 7.5 

Objective 

Plant remains from Pre- and Proto-Historic sites in northern 

and northwestern India 

To study agricultural practices in COil/ext of differell/ cultures 

in time and space 

To sketch the perspectives of ecological potell/ial oj contemporary 

agro-ecosystem and their contemplated further development 

To determine the interaction oj pre-historic man with the floral 

wealth 

To reconstruct regional models oj ecological conditions around 

the cultural settlements 

The plant remains recovered from Banawali, district Hissar, Haryana amply demonstrate 

a rich and varied plant economy of Pre-Harappan and Mature Harappan communities, 

from 2,750 to 2,000 B.C. Crop remains from Pre-Harappan period (2,750-2,500 B.C.) 

include hulled-barley (Hordeum vulgare), naked-barley (H. vulgare var. nudum), emmerwheat 

(Triticum dicoccum), dwarf-wheat (T sphaerococcum), bread-wheat (T aestivum), 

club-wheat (T compactum), jowar-millet (Sorghum bicolor), horse-granl (Dolichos biflorus), 

field-pea (Pistlln arvense), lentil (Lens wlinaris), chick-pea (Cicer arietinum), grasspea 

(Lathyrus sativus), sesame or til (Sesamum indicum) and field-brassica (Brassicajuncea). 

Associated seeds and fruits of weeds and other wild plants in the food grains belong to 

Setaria sp., Zdp/ws ntllnlllu/aria, Tamarindus indica and Triall/hellla triquetra. 

Among the finds from the Mature Harappan levels (2,500-2,000 B.C.), most of which 

are of the same kind as from Pre-Harappan levels, rice (Oryza sativa), green-gram (Vigna 

radiata), black-gram (v. lIIungo), fenugreek (TrigonellaJoenum-graewlll) and date (Phoenix 

sp.) are new discoveries. Remains of weeds and wild taxa belong to Vicia sp., Ficus 

religiosa, Trianthema triquetra, Zizip/uls 11l11lllllUlaria, Vetivaria zizallioides, Ipomoea sp., 

Dactyloctenillln sp., Albizia sp., SolanulII sura tense and some indeterminate grass caryapses. 

From the same site discovery of a carboni sed sample having components of herbal 

shampoo, still used in the present times, is first of its own kind in the world archaeological 

context to amply demonstrate the sense of hygiene and the understanding of chemical properties 

of plant products in the Pre-Harappan communities in India during 2,750-2,500 B.C. 

II contains the fruits of an indigenous wild soapnut or reetha (Sapindus elllarginatus), a 

substitute lor soap obtained from south India through trade and locally available fJuits and 

seeds of Shikakai (Acacia mgata) and Anwala (Emblica officinalis) both of which are used 

as detergent for shampooing hair and to promote their growth. 

Wood charcoals from Pre-Harappans and Mature Harappan levels belonging to 

Prosopis cf. P. spicigera, Phoenix sp., Albizia lebbeck, Moms alba, Ziziphus sp., Ficus cf. 

g/omerata and Azadirachta indica have been found. 

K.S. Saraswat 

116


I I I I 1'1' I I 

1111 III I III 

d 

I I I II I I I I 

Scale inmm 

Carbonised remains of : u, h, fruits of Sapindus emarginatus (Rectha); c. cndocarp pieces of Emblica 

officina/is (AnwaJa); d. seeds of Acacia mgala (Shikakai): and c. pod pieces of Shikakai from Prc.Harappan 

Culture (en 2,750- 2.500 B.C.) at Banawali. Haryana. 

Anatomical investigations of 12 wood charcoal samples from Lumbini, district 

Taulihava, Nepal, a site of Buddhist period dating between ca. 600 to 200 B.C., were carried 

out. Majority of the wood remains have been found to belong to Shorea robuSla, thereby 

revealing the selective choice of the ancient settlers for this quality limber available locally 

in the Tarai and Bhabhar region. n,e other timbers exploited by them belong to the mixed 

deciduous forest associated with Sal, ViI., Termillalia lomelliosa, Adilla cordi/alia, Garde 

Ilia IlIrgia, Dalbergia sp. and members of Anacardiaceae, Mimosaceae, Apocynaceae, 

Magnoliaceae, Meliaceae and Bombacaceae. The specific identifications are in progress. 

Chanchala 

Srivastava 

The remains of weeds and wild taxa from Kushana Culture at Sanghol (100-300 

A.D.), district Ludhiana, Punjab include Vicia hirswa, V sativa, Fimbrislylis lelragona, 

Trigonella occulta, Argemone cf. mexicalla, Lawsollia illermis, Rumex demalus, Trianlhema 

Iriquelra, Selaria glallca, Commelilla benghalensis, Dactyloctellium aegypliacllm and 

117

BSIP 

species of Datura, Chenopodium, Amarallthus, Polygonum, Solanum, Eleocharis, Cyperus, 

Poa, Panicum, Andropogon, Scleria, Scirpus and Medicago. 

Wood charcoals have been identified as belonging to Acacia sp., Albizia lebbecl


Himachal Pradesh were dated. The age range covered by these profiles span entire Late 

Quaternary Period. The pollen analytical investigations in the sediment profile of Sithikhar 

swamp, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh indicate cold-arid climatB before 1,900 yrs but later 

the climate became colder as evidenced by decline in the frequencies of most plant taxa in 

younger sediments. The samples from Takche, Spiti Valley were found to be palynologically 

barren. 

Charcoal samples (6) relating to archaeobotanical studies from the Harappan site 

in Dholavira, Kutch, Gujarat were dated. The calibrated C-14 ages of the samples lead to 

the inference that the Harappan Civilization was flourishing in this locality for a much 

longer period (2,660 to 1,950 B.C.) than at other sites excavated so far. 

For a collaborative programme (with the Geology Depattment, Kumaon University) 

on neotectonic studies in Himalayas, sediment samples from Pithoragarh were dated. 

The ages of two samples differ widely 30,000 yrs in one case and 2,000 yrs in the other. 

Dating of systematically eolleeted profile samples is in progress. Samples of peat from 

Nilgiris were dated for a collaboration programme with the Indian Institute of Science, 

Bangalore in continuation of earlier studies on palaeoelimate of southern India. 

The C-14 dating of shell and kankar samples (8) in Gangetic alluvium was continued 

for understanding the development of alluvial deposits and climate changes in Holocene 

in the Indo-Gangetie Plain. 

Five peat samples from West Bengal were dated on payment for Centre for Study of 

Man and Environment, Caleutta to reconstlUct palaeoclimate and environment and their 

changes during the Quaternat·y of lower Bengal delta in a precise geochronological framework. 

Six sample~ of coral, sediment and wood were dated for Jadavpur University on 

payment for studies relating to past sea level and palaeoclimate. One charcoal sample was 

dated for Lumbini Development Trust, His Majesty's Government, Nepal from a site in 

Lord Buddha's birth place, Lumbini in Nepal. 

Five samples ofbmnt wood, sediment and ehat·eoal were dated as palt of a programme 

relating to the investigations by NGRI of 1993 eaIth quake in Latoor, MahaI·ashtra. 


For the reconstruetion of past trophic conditions around Didwana Lake, Rajasthan 

on the basis of elemental analysis, phospholUS eoncentrations (authigenic phospholUs passes 

to the sediments primarily through biotic cycling) at different depths of trial trench were 

measured. This is in addition to the measurements of elemental, organic and mineral eontents 

carried out earlier in these sediments, which covers a time span of 8, 100 yrs BP. Five 

samples were analysed for measuring authigenic phospholUs concentrations using Spectrophotometer. 

We concentrations range from 7,880-1,8250 ppm . Conclusions derived are 

in agreement with those on the basis of other elemental, organic and mineral content data. 

G. Rajagopalan & B. SekaI· 

Programme 8.3 Potassium-Argon dating of sedimentary and igneous 

rocks 

119

BSIP 

Objective 

To dale tile glauconitic sandstone collectedfrom Vindhyan deposits 

in Ullar Pradesh and Rajastllan 

To date the Deccan Trap samples and syl1lllesize the data with 

fossil studies in collaboration with Cenophytic Department 

To develop data acquisition and reduction system 

Two glauconitic mineral separates were prepared, a new molybdenum crucible was 

made and new water tank and water line installed for the RF furnace. RF valves were tested. 

Magnetic shield for the turbomolecular pump was made and fixed. Work on the electronics 

of MS system continued. In view of high power intenuption frequency, processing for UPS 

system initiated. Vacuum generation and residual gas spectra recording were continued. 

Work on instrument-maintenance was also catTied out. 

PROJECT 9 

C.M. NauUyal 

ANNOTATED ATLASES, CATALOGUES, MONOGRAPHS AND 

ROOKS AND RESEARCII PROGRAMMES AD FlNUM 

Programme 9.1 Data bank for Palaeozoic-Mesowic palynology, using expert 

system and compilation of catalogues, atlases and 

other palynological information 

Objective 

To index and update new data il/iO the existing data banks 

To develop dala-basefor distriblllion of straligraphically impOrlallltaxa 

To establish data-base for identification al/d retrieval of 

palynotaxa 

Updating of data bank on palynology of Indian Gondwana sediments and related 

aspects was continued. 

Department 

of PGGP : Group EffOlt 

A progratnme for retrieval of references has been developed. TIu'Ough this progratnme 

according to the requirement the references can be retrieved in various combinations pertaining 

to author, area, basin, age and dHIerent subjects. 

R.S. Tiwari, Archana Tripathi & R. Nandhgopal 

The index of fossil spores and pollen in the Indian Permian sediments is being 

prepared. The marker key species for Talchir, Kat'hat'bari, Bat·akat·, Kulti and Raniganj have 

heen sorted out and the details have been listed. 

Programme 9.2 

Objective 

R.S. Tiwat'i, Archana Tripathi, Vijaya & Ram-Awatat· 

A catalogue offossil dinotlagellates from India 

Morphological re-illlerpretation and documenlation of published 

data 

120


Scanning of slides from Althungal bore-hole, Kerala Coast (Rao, 1990) has been 

completed. The dinonagellate cyst assemblage is poor. Presence of Impagidil/ium sp. 

(reported as Thalassiphora sp.) is noted. 

K.P. Jain, Rahul Garg & Khowaja-Ateequzzaman 

Programme 9.6 

Objective 

Patterns of leaf architecture and cuticle in some tropical 

dicotyledonous families 

To sllIdy leaf architecture and cl/ticle of some tropical angiospermous 

families : Magl/oliaceae, AI/onaceae, 

Dilleniaceae, Combretaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae and 

Fabaceae 

Leaves of Anol/a reticulata Linn., Anona squamosa Linn., Polyalthia 10l/glfolia 

(Sonner) Thw., Polyalthia suberosa Thw., and Artabotrys uneinatus (Lam.) Merr. in family 

Anonaceae and Combretum roxburghii Spreng., Combretum COl1l0SUl1l of Combretaceae 

were collected, pressed and chemically processed. Slides of their cuticle and mounts of leaf 

venation were prepared and morphology, venation pattern and cuticlar features have been 

described. 

D.C. Saini 

Programme 9.7 

Inventory of Type and Figured palaeobotanical specimensl 

slides (megafossils) available witb repository of BSIP-Museum 

Objective 

of Inventory and a Guide Book to the IISIP Mu 

Publication 

seum 

Compilation 

of data for Invenlory Part III is under progress. 

G.P. Srivastava (Co-ordinator) 

[Group EffOIt] 

Programme 9.9 

Objective 

Cenozoic plant remains of Palamu, Bihar 

To study morphotoxonomy of megafossils from the Neogene 

sediments of Mahuadanr Valley 

To reconstruct veget(l{ional history, palaeoecology, 

phytogeography al/d depositional environmellt 

Description of four taxa (Sterculia, Arlocarpus, Croton and of fossil Lauraceae) 

has been completed. 


Programme 9.10 Siwalik tlora of West lien gal 

Objective 

To study the plant megafossilsfrom the Siwalik sediments exposed 

il/ various localities of Darjeelil/g District 

121

BSIP 

To build up the floristics for interpretillg palaeoecology, phytogeography 

alld evolutionary pallerns of the Himalayanflora 

A number o[ leaf-impressions, collected from the Himalayan foot-hills near 

Oodlabari and Sevoke Road cutting section in DaJjeeJing District, have been identified with 

the modern taxa Mitrephora macrophylla, Polyalthia simiarum, Milletia pachycarpa, Shorea 

Imchall(lnii, Phyllanthus hirstum, Swintonia floribunda, L(lgerstroemia collelli and 

/)ipreroc(lrpus macrocarpus. The OCCUlTenceof these elements in the Siwalik sediments 

indicates the prevalence of waJ'm and excessive moist conditions in the aJ'ea at the time o[ 

sedimentation. 

J.S. Antal 


Collection of extant plant material from the foot-hills of 

Himalaya 

Objective To enhance the collection of extalll plant material and their 

preparationsfor development of Herbarium of the fnstitute as 

repository of the authentic plant specimens alld samples 

To provide (I11/helltieally idel1lified extallt plant material to 

rhe scientists as per their requirements 

Preparatioll of fnventol)' and Atlases of Herbarium holdings 

About 600 plant specimens and eighty samples of fruits and seeds have been collected 

[rom Allahabad, Raibareilly and Llicknow in Utta;' Pradesh and Kaltli, Jabalpm, 

Scorn and Balaghat districts in Madhya Pradesh and their identification was completed. 

Preparation o[ Inventory of HerbaJ'ium holdings (Carpothek and XylaJ'ium) is under 

progress. Prepared about 2,000 cards of XylaJ'ium [or computer [ceding. Physical verilication 

of wood samples present in the HerbaJ'ium has been completed. 

HerbaJ'illITIhas been shifted to the hall originally meant for it, repository has been 

re-aJTanged and exllibits aJ'e being displayed. 

D.C. Saini (Co-ordinator) 

PROJECT 10 APPLICATION OF GEOBOTANICAL ANALYSIS IN 

I. MINERAL PROSPECTING 

[Group Effort] 

II. RECONSTRUCTING TIlE I1ISTORY OF MODERN VEGETATION 

THROUGH CENOZOIC ERA 

Objective 

of min 

To assess the extallt plant communities for indication 

erals in the underlying strata 

To reconstruct the pallerns of migration, extinction and diversification 

of Cenozoic floras in conjunction with the lineages 

of modem floras 

122


The plants, soil and rock samples collected from Malanjkhand copper mine and 

Ukwa Mangnese mine areas, both situated in the Balaghat District of Madhya Pradesh were 

cleared, dried and prepared for chemical analysis to find out any specific correlation between 

the mineral content of the rock and abundant/robust growth of plant species growing 

in the area. 

Consulted relevant literature on geobotany and prepared a draft of a paper on the 

"Status of geobotany". 

PROJECT 

II 

R.S. Tiwari (Co-ordinator) 

l.S. Guleria, S.K. Bera, Madhav Kumar, D.C. Saini & B. Sekar 

PALAEO BIOCHEMISTRY OF PLANT FOSSILS. LIGNITE! COAL. 

D.O.M. AND RELATED RECENT MATERLAL 

Objective 

Extraction and identification of organic compounds from plant 

fossils, rocks, lignite, coal and related recent material 

Evaluation of extracted organic compounds (EOC) for the 

possible use as biomarkers and in identification of plant groups 

Possible structural changes in EOC (by diagenetic. catagenesis 

and metagenesis) through time for assessment of maturity 

Pair-wise comparison of correctly aligned proteins and nucleic 

acids (DNA & RNA) sequences to measure time 

Evaluation and assessment of organic compounds in lignite 

and coals 

Assessment of palaeoenvironmental and palaeo-depositional 

conditions 

Initial efforts were made to identify light type of material for study and to get 

trained in continuous solvent extraction procedure using Soxhlet apparatus. Efforts were 

made to understand sources of contamination and procedures to avoid them. 

A collaborative venture to study carbon and oxygen isotopes of limestone and shale 

samples from Bhima Basin has been initiated with NGRI. Hyderabad. 

It is also proposed to make efforts for extracting DNA (part of DNA which may be 

still preserved in fossils). This work is to be taken-up in collaboration with School of Environmental 

Sciences. lawaharlal NeJuu University, New Delhi. 


Manoj Shukla 

S.P. I Holocene palynostratigraphy and palynoenvironment of 

Chilka Lake: An inter-disciplinary approach (DST NO. 

ES/44/019/90) 

123

BSIP 

Objective To build lip data on palynolog)~ sedimentology. CIN ratio and 

018 isO/ope/rom in and around Chilka Lake/or palaeoclimatic 

interpretation 

Palynological analysis of 50 soil samples from 250 m deep Sadanandpur profile in 

Mahanadi delta, dating back to > 40,000 yrs B.P. has revealed distinct transgressive and 

regressive phases, enabling the study of coastal evolution. Samples between the depths of 

175-183 m and 241-250 m have revealed the preponderance of core-mangrove taxa such as 

Rhizophora, Ceriops, Bruguiera, Xylocarpus, Heritiera, Nypa, Aegialitis, Excoecaria, 

Avicenllia, SOlllleratia, etc. indicating the marine phase with constant depths of sea water. 

Samples between the depths of 168-174 m and 220-230 m have revealed deltaic environment 

with high discharge of sea water. Samples between 150-167 m depth proved to be 

palynologically barren. 

The grain-size and mineralogical analysis of Sadanandpur prome have been completed. 

The location, geomorphological field map and Iitholog have been prepared. The 

palynotaxa have been documented. The micropalaeontological fossil remains, such as oolites, 

echinoderms and brachiopods have been observed. The preparation of pollen diagram 

is in progress. 

Eight soil samples of250 m deep Erbang profile, about 6 km away from the present 

sea~hore near Konark in Mahanadi delta. have been chemically processed and pollen analysed. 

Samples between the depths of 30-40 m have recorded pollen taxa indicating deltaic environment 

with high discharge of fresh water. i.e., marine regressive phase. However, samples 

between 95-101 m deplh have revealed preponderance of marshy land pollen taxa, such as 

BarrillRtollia, triletes, monoletes, etc. signifying cessation of sea inlluence in this zone. 

Pollen analysis of a 3.0 m deep pro IiIe Ii'om Chandrapur Village, soulh of Balugaon, 

Chilka Lake, Orissa have revealed the moderate presence of both core and peripheral mangrove 

taxa between 3.0-2.5 m depth. The rest of the prollle has recorded poor occurrence of 

mangroves in the assemblage. The preparation of pollen diagram of Chandrapur profile is 

III progress. 

S.P.II 

H.P. Gupta & Deepak Kohli 

Palaeogene floral diversity. biostratigraphy and 

palaeoenvironmental implications (DST NO. ES/44/037/93) 

Ollieeli\'(' 

To documellt the paly"ological changes durillg Palaeogelle 

To decipher the extillctioll alld evolwiollary 

/erellt palynotaxa 

pattern 0/ the dif 

To infer the palaeoecological 


Surlaee allll subsurface samples collected from Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Rajasthan 

were chemically processed. [n Tamil Nadu, except the samples collected from Neyveli 

lignite and a bore-hole near Mannargudi, all other samples turned out to be barren. Surface 

124


TrisYlicolpite,f Hl1IulIIujalllii Kar from 

(he subsurface Oligocene sediment.;;. neM 

Bhavlw£ar. Saurashtra, Guja.mt (x 1000). 

samples collected from Palana and Kolyal regions also turned out to be unproductive. However, 

bore-hole core samples (drilled hy the MECL and the GSI) near Kuchaur Benia area in 

Bikaner District yielded spores and pollen grains. The Lower patt of some of the bore-hole 

core (160- 179 m) contai ns different species of Dandotiaspora, Lycopodiumsporites, 

Matmiomadhiasil/cites, PlVxapertites, Spinizonoco/pites, Lakiapo/lis, Retitribrevico/porites, 

Kielmeyerapollenites, etc. The palynological assemblage indicates a Late Palaeocene age 

which was not suspected earlier. All the slides of the productive samples were scanned and 

important 

taxa marked for photography. 

R. K. Kar, Poonam Sharma & Luna 

S,P, III Reconstruction of past climatic changes in eastern Himalayan 

region using tree-ring data (OST No, ES/44/018/9()) 

Ohjective To understand past climatic changes especially temperatllre 

and precipitation during lastjOO years based olltree-rillg width 

pmx\' 

data 

Tree ring samples collected from the diversifIed forests in the eastern Himalayan 

region have been mounted in wooden frames. Surface of these cores were polished through 

different grades of sand paper to make tree ring features clearly visihle under binocular 

stcreozoom microscope. A large number of cores have been studied to trace out missing or 

douhle rings through Cross dating techniques. TIlese studies reveal that among other conileI'S, 

Vii., Abies. Tsuga, Taxus haccata and Larix, the endangered taxa growing in this 

region have heen found to he most promising for dendroclimatic analysis because of clarity 

of their ring boundaries, and good cross dalJng witlun Ihe same lJ'ee and different trees. 

However, problem was encountered in ohtaiIII ng replicated samples of these lJ'eesas most 

of the old trees were found rolten inside. 

125

BSIP 

Ring counts in the Skeleton Plots show that tree-age of Larix grijfithialla ranges 

from 100-250 years, Taxus baccata 150-380 years, and 150-530 years in Tsuga brwlOllialla. 

Dating of these tree-ring sequences to the calendar year of their formation is in progress. 

S.P.IV 

A. Bhattacharyya, R.R. Yadav & Vandana Chaudhary 

Palaeo biological investigations across Archaeozoic-Early 

Proterozoic transition (OST NO. ESS/CAlA4-09/93) 

Objective 

To identify orgallic-walled microfossils. their sy"ge"icity alld 

biogellicity from Archaean and Early Proterozoic 

Identification of benthic and planktollic biota alld their comparison 

with extant forms 

Significallce of biota ill metallogellesis 

Organosedimentary struC/ltres-stromatolite morphology. etc. 

associated with stroma 

Study of orgallic walled microfossils 

tolites 

Significance of stromatolites in biostratigraph)\ basin analysis. 

etc. 

Two sections in Noamundi-Barbil area, Orissa were identified which show good 

development of carbonate facies underlying the Iron-Manganese ore-bearing horizon. One 

section is near Bhadrasahi in the Kasia Mine and other at Nadidih about 10 km from the 

Kasia Mine area. The Kasia Mine area shows ca 80 m thick carbonate sequence with 

intercalated snales and black bedded cherts. Thc tnickness ofcnClt bands varies from a few 

mm to 2 m with colour varying from light grey to black. The lower part of the carbonate 

sequence is devoid of cyanobacterial mat horizon but the upper part snows excellent preservation 

of mat horizon. A few bands show development of Strati/era type mats but some 

also snow columnar, non-branching stromatolites. The height of the stromatolite columns 

is up to few ems. The upper part is overlain by Hematite-Jasper-bearing horizon which is 

mined for iron and manganese ores. A lithostratigraphic succession is established for Kasia 

Mine area and entire 80 m thick carbonate sequence is divided into 5 informal units. The 

Nadidih section shows an exposure mea~uring a few meters only. A detailed sampling is 

done in both the areas for the study of stromatolites and microbiota. More than 100 thin 

sections were prepared and studied for lhe presence of rnicrobiota. 

For organic-walled microfossils each slide was scanned under the petrological microscope 

with lOa x objective. Majority of lhe slides are non-fossiliferous but some 

show poorly developed microfossils. However, in lhree slides fairly well developed 

microbiota has been recorded whicb shows following morphotypes : 

(a) Solitary cells (1-6lJ111 size) with sheath encompassing individual cells. Some cells 

show ornamented outer wall also, 

126


(b) spheroidal 

cells forming colonies, 

(c) paired cells with diameter ranging between 

1-5 !J.Il1, 

(d) globular cells forming chains, individual cell with diameter 1-6 ~m, 

(e) dividing stages of cells, and 

(0 cells with globular and marginal thickning, cell size ranging from 2-8 fJJll. These 

are being studied for their taxonomic assignment. 

Twenty-seven large-sized samples of stromatolites were sliced for morphometric 

study. These are being studied for shape, size and microbiomineralization. None of the 

stromatolite forms show branching and generally are of small size measuring not more than 

a few cms. Some are also comparable with Conophyton type forms. 

S.P. V 

P.K. Maithy 

S. Kumar (Oeo1. Dept., Lucknow Univ.) 

Rupendra Babu & Sheenu Sharma 

Aeroallergens and human health: An aerobiological study 

(Ministry of Environment & Forest No. 42/14/94-RE dt. 

30.03.94) 

Objective Monitoring of extramural and intramural environment of 

Lucknow. database acquisition of aeroallergens; diagnosis, 

treatment and control of allergic disorders 

Hahit, habitat, frequency, distribution, mode of pollination and duration of flowering 

period of many plant taxa growing in and around Lucknow city were recorded. Herbarium 

sheets of about 150 plant taxa were prepared and their polleniferous material was 

also collected. Floth temporary and permanent slides of 40 plant taxa were prepared. Besides, 

about 1,000 index cards at"aerobiological literature were also prepared. 

About 10 gm pure pollen of each plant of aeroallergenic importance, such as 

Holoptelea integrifolia, Ricinus communis, Ailanthus excelsa, Morus alba, Pithecolobium 

dulce, Argemone mexicana and Putranjieva roxburghii were collected. 

Asha Khandelwal, 

Rashmi Tewary, Shantanu Chattel:iee & Priti Agarwal 

S.P. VI 

Objective 

Palaeobiology and biostratigraphy of the Proterozoic sediments 

of the Indravati Group of Bastar District, Madhya 

Pradesh, India (SP [SRISY/A- 16193]) 

Documentation of palaeobiological remains in /ndravati sediments 

Establishment 

structures 

of range of life forms and organo-sedimentary 

Integration of these records in biostratigraphic 

framework 

127

BSIP 

Interpretation of these data in terms of sequence stratigraphy 

and polaeoenvironment. 

A reconnoitre survey of the exposures of Indravati Group around Jagdalpur has 

been completed. Stromatolites arc noticed only in Jagdalpur Limestone and Sbale Formation 

and arc present in the forms of carbonate build ups. Kanker Limestone Formation 

shows the presence of pyrite and carbonaceous nodules. 

Collaborative ProjectslWork 

Mukund Sbarma 

Project I Precambrian-Camhrian boundary events (IGCP Project 

- 3(3) 

Carhonaceous macrofossils - Chllaria and TawlIia and their allied remains l'rom 

Ihe Halkal Formation, Bhima Group, Karnataka were studied. These beds were equated 

wilh Precambrian-Camhrian transition. The detailed study of carbonaceous macrofossil 

remains and associated organic-walled microfossils inelicate that tbe heels of Halkal Formation 

are oleler than Pre Varanger glaciation, i.e., 700 Ma. The biological remains compare 

with the worlel wide assemblages found lor the perioel 1000-900 Ma. 

P.K. Maithy & Rupenelra Babu 

Project 

II 

Vegetational history, palaeoenvironment and climatic 

changes during Siwalik in west central Nepal 

A 

Prepareel descriptions anel photographs of some of the identitieel elicotleaf-impressiems 

from Anlllg Khola anel Binai Khola formations ofChuria Group of Nepal. 

N. Awasthi [& M. Konomatsu, Japan] 

Project J I I 

Late Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil/planktonic fora- 

, 

" 

, 

-" • 

• 

~ ? ~, ., .. ~ ~. 

. 4t¥ 

B 

:11: 

~ .. ,':-- 

~' " 

A./'arhahdolitlws embergeri (Noel 1958) Stradncr 1963 (x 2200); n, Eiffcflithus ex;mius (Slover 

I')0(1) Perch-Nielsen 1968 (x 2200) from Manipur. Earliest Campanian. 

128


INTEGRATED COCCOlITH-GlOBOTRUNCANID 

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 

x 0 

SECTION 

NORTH MOYA UPPER HUNDUNG 

SOUTH 

FORAMINIFERAL 

PLANKTONIC ~ 

SECTION IMC3S1 

NANNOFOSSIL 

(STRAONER ZONES &0 

• 3• 

STEINMETZ, 

" A. mtfyaro«lsi$ 

0 " • 

R. ~t»c. c••• G·9-"U" A. G. cymblforml$ 1985) 

1l 10 71 •G•• ZONES (CARON, 

72 • , G . " IYvMJMISi$ 

0 .,..",t. G,lIfItItrlcou 

B. C. fN'TC' ilClJIe,us gothkum 

•• 

~• 

~ 3 O. M. esymerrln 

hnc.tus 

M.munn 

SECTION (KSI 

z • " 

• 

• 

; 

:, 

a._m 

Q. 

B. flJtimius 

JIIORTH LOWER 

,! " 

+- 

19841 

15 

" 

, 

" 

CALCAREOUS 1 

(H1C1S1 

'UN DUNG I 'UN DUNG 

'AN°'"~"'1 

Integrated Coccolilh-globolruncanid Olllstr:Jligraphy of ex()tic hlocks of pelagic limestones from 

ophiolite melange zone of Ukhrul. Manipur. 

miniferal integrated biostratigrapby of Ukhrul Ophiolite 

complex, Manipur 

A draft manuscript on Campanion-Maastrichtian coccolithlglobotruncanid biostratigraphy 

of pelagic limestones from accretionary prism of Manipur, north-eastern India 

has been completed. Tectonostratigrapllic frame-work of Manipur accretionary prism, based 

on the recovery of globotruncanid/coccolith species from low latitude pelagic facies of 

convergent plate margin, would serve as a type section for biostratigraphy and recognising 

Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary in the Indo-Pacille region. 

SA 

Jaral' [& C.H. Prithiraj & A. Sahni, Chandigarh] 

Two proljles, one each from Lamayuru (Ladakh) and BhowaJi (Kumaon) have been 

undertaken for Quaternary pollen analysis. Fourteen samples from Bhowali section were 

found devoid of spore/pollen contents. 

Fifteen samples [j'om more than 110m Lamayuru section covering time span of 

Weichselian have been macerated for pollen analysis. Out of these, five samples have been 

found to be barren while others are represented mostly by Picea and Abies which were 

129

BSIP 

carried there perhaps with upthermic winds. Local taxa, viz., Asteraceae, Poaceae, 

Chenopodiaceae, Epliedra, Hippopliae and others are found low in all samples. Detailed 

pollen counting is in progress. 

A. Bhattacharyya [& B.S. KoUia, Nainital) 

130


Work other than Programmes 

Fourteen histograms showing per cent frequency of palynotaxa at generic level in 

different palyniferous horizons of the Ihuran and Bhuj formations, and a distribution plot of 

selected palynospecies were prepared for the final report on the ONGC funded project 

"Palynology of the Mesozoic sedimentaries of the Kutch Basin". Data available so far indicate 

that the Middle Member of the fuuran Formation may not be older than Late Tithonian 

in age. 

H.K. Maheshwari & B.N . .lana 

The report ofONGC-BSIP's collaborative Project entitled "Palynology of the Mesozoic 

sediments of Kutch Basin" was finalized for submission. 

In addition to the study of calcareous algae of Bagh beds, a study of the algal flora 

found in Sylhet Limestone Formation of Meghalaya was canied out. The assemblage contains 

Lithothamnium, Distichoplax, Archaeolithothamnium, etc. 

B.N . .lana 

Chemical processing of bore-hole samples (45) of Narakal, Turavur and Cherai of 

Ernakulam District provided by Central Ground Water Board, TrivandlUm, Kerala were 

completed. Slides were prepared for the productive samples. 

M.R. Rao 

A rich pteridophytic spore ~ssemblage has been recorded from the rock samples 

collected fi·om Dharamshala Formation near Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh. 

Samir Sarkar 

Extant pollen grains of the families Alangiaceae, Arecaceae, Araceae, Liliaceae, 

Bombacaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae were studied at French Institute, PondichelTY· 


Scanning electron microscopical observations on few pollen were made which are 

commonly met in the Tertiary sediments oflndia. A new genus - Piladiporopollenites was 

instituted. 

R.S. Singh 

Pollen analysed two soil samples received from Professor (Ms) S. Sachi Devi, 

Department of Geography, Andlu·a University, Vishakhapatnam (Consultancy Service). The 

palynoassemblage of the sample from Bukkapatnam tank has revealed that there had been 

sea influence at the site from where the sample is collected. This feature is exemplified by 

the preponderance of Sonneratia pollen grains to the tune of 80 per cent of the total vegetation. 

The other sample revealed the absence of biota indicative of oxidising environment. 

H.P. Gupta & Deepak Kohli 

131

BSIP 

Pollen analysed five soil samples received from Indira Gandhi National Center for 

ll1e Arts, Janpath, New Delhi (Consultancy Service). The studies indicated tropical moist 

environment wherein Madhuca indica and Azadirachta indica colonised forming a forest. 

H.P. Gupta & S. K. Bera 

A pollcn diagram from 1.5 m deep profile from Andaman and Nicobar Islands 

dated back to 20,000 yrs B.P. was prepared. Three broad vegetational phascs have been 

recognised depicting shifts in vegctation, viz., brackish water Heriliera forest-salt marshes 

- brackish watcr Heriliera forest. 

Asha Khandelwal & H.P. Gupta 

Pollen analysis of a one metrc deep soil profilc from Sithikhar Swamp, Spiti Valley, 

Himachal Pradesh has revealed that around 2,500 years B.P. lhis region had alpine 

scrub vegetation, chiefly constituted by grasses, sedges, Asteraceae together wi111Junipems, 

Ephedra, Betula, etc. The overall vegetational assemblage reflects ll1e prevalcnce of cold 

and dry climatc in the region. Around 1,900 years B.P. the decline in ll1e number and 

frequencies of most of ll1eplant taxa indicates the detcrioration of climate. 

Pollcn analysis of 4 samples cach from a 2 meter deep Takchc Trench (ST-I) and 

Takche Calcareous Tuffa (TCT) from Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh was carTied out. All 

the samples wcre palynologically barTcn, except stray pollen of grasses, sedges and Pinus. 

M.S. Chauhan & Chhaya Sharma 

A report on pollen content of various surface samples in relation to the vegetation 

at Ookriani Glacier, Uttar'kashi was prepar'ed and submitted to OST's Annual Rcport. 

S.K. Bera 

A manuscript on "Trilatiporate pollen from Indian Palaeogene and Neogene sequences 

: Evolution, migration and continental drift" was finalized. 

B.K. Misra & Alpana Singh [& C.G.K. Ramanujam, 

Hyderabad] 

Compiled maceral data of cel1ain Lower Gondwana coals from Son. Oamodar, 

Rajmahal, Pench-Kanhan and Godavar'i basins under fluoresccncc mode for highlighting 

the application of biopetrological mcll10ds in ascertaining Il1csuitability of coal seams for 

their liquefaction potential. Also collected relevant details about their chemical nature. 


Consultcd literature per1aining to the geology or coal and lignite and madc index 

car·ds. Got aquainted with ll1esampic prcparation tcchniques and made few particulate lignite 

pellcts li'om Panandtu·o and Kapurdi lignitefields. Lear'ned ll1e procedures relating to 

identi fication of macerals and microlithotypes and determination of coal rank by reflectivity 

measurement,. 

132 

Shinjini Sar'ana


Sections ofa few African fossil woods were cut and their preliminary 

was done. 

examination 

A draft of a paper entitled "Fungal and vascular plant/animal 

past" was prepared. 

interaction during the 

.I.S. Guleria 

Maceration of 20 samples of bore-hole DHR I"rom Dudhi River Section, 110karo 

Coalfield, Bihar was done and all the samples proved barren. 

.Iitendra Pandey 

A draft rep0l1 on Mesozoic palynology of Kutch (Pan I: Dinotlagellate cyst biostratigraphy) 

including surface and subsurface sections has been prepared. 

K.P. .lain, Rahul Garg & Khowaja-Atecqu7.l.aman 

A manuscript highlighting the integrated dating potential 01"dinotlagellate cysts 

and ammonoids in Late .Iurassic of TetilYs Himalaya has been prepared. 

Rahul Garg, K.P. .lain, 

[.Iai Krishna, BHUI & Khowaja-Ateequl7aman 

A draft manuscript highlighting the validation and typillcation aspects 01" 

Glossopteris I:lrongniart has been prepared. 

R.K. Kar & S.A . .Ial"ar 

A dran manuscript on the coccoliths 01"Laic Miocene 01"Neill Island has been 

IInalised. 

S.A. .Ial"ar& 0.1'. Singh 

133

BSIP 

Papers/Reviews/Articles 

submitted 

Ambwani, K. - Scanning Electron Microscope: Techniques and applications. Coaliferous 

fuel resources of India : Parameters of studies in palynology and biopetrology, 

B.S.l.P., Lucknow. 

Anand-Prakash - Coals and lignites of India. Coaliferous fuel resources of India: 

Parameters of studies in palynology and biopetrology, B.S.I.P., Lucknow. 

Anand·Prakash & Singh, A. - Fundamentals of organic petrology. Coaliferous fuel 

resources of India: Parameters of studies in palynology and biopetrology, B.S.I.P., 

Lucknow. 

Arya, R. & Awasthi, N. - A new species of Bauhinia from the Kasauli Formation (Lower 

Miocene), Ka~auli, Himachal Pradesh. Geophytology 

Awasthi, N. & l\1ehrotra, R.C. - Oligocene flora from the Makum Coalfield, Assam, 

India. Palaeobo1anist. 

Banerji, J. - Megafloral assemblages from two new localities of Rajmahal Formation. 

Geophytology. 

Chandra, A. - First report of fossil diatoms from Neogene sediments of Andersons, 

Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Curr. Sci. 

Chandra, A. - Rook review: TIle Fossil Record 2 by M..I. Benton, 1993. Palaeobo1anist. 

Chandra, S. & Singh, K.J. - On Euryphyllum Feislmantel and its epidermal features. 

Pa/aeobo1anist. 

Chandra, S. & Singh, K.J. - Bryophytic remains from the Early Permian beds of India. 

Palaeobotanist. 

Chauhan, M.S. - Modern pollen/vegetation relationship in the tropical deciduous Sal 

(Shorea robusta) forests in district Sidhi, Madhya Pradesh. J. Palynol. 

Chauhan, M.S. & Sharma, C. - Late Holocene vegetation of Darjeeling (Jore-Pokhari), 

eastell1 Himalaya. Palaeobotallist. 

Ghosh, A.K. & Mailhy, P.K. - Porostromatae algae from the Cretaceous of Sendurai, 

TilUchirapalli District, Tamil Nadu. 1. palaeont. Soc. India. 

Guleria, J.S. - Fossil leaf of Termina/ia from the Rajpardi lignite mine, district Bharuch, 

Gujarat, India. Geophytology. 

Gupta, H.P. & Kohli, D. - .Iaiv Vikas Ki Kahani, .Ieevashmon Ki .Iubani, Vigyan Garima 

Sindhu, New Delhi (in Hindi). 

Gupta, H.P. & Kohli, D. - Shyampaarni Vastutah Sanjeevani Booti. Kendriya Sachiva/aya 

134


Hindi Parishad , New Delhi (in Hindi). 

Jafar, S.A. - Report on the Southeast Asia Neogene Nannoplankton Workshop, August 

16-18,1994, Kuala Lumpur. In: Shirley E. van Heck et al. (Editors) - 1. Nanno. 

Res., London. 

Jana, B.N., Kumar, S. & Maithy, P.K. - Occurrence of Actinoporella eretacica Raineri 

from the Bagh beds, Dhar area, central India. CurroSci. 

Kar, R.K. - Diporocolpis : Introducing a new type of aperture from the Early Eocene 

sediments of Rajasthan, India. Palaeobotanist. 

Kar, R.K. - On the Indian origin of Ocimum (Lamiaceae) : A palynological approach. 


Kar, R.K. - Concepts, potential and prospects of palaeopalynology. Coali[erous fuel 

resources of India: Parameters of studies in palynology and biopetrology, B.S.l.P., 

Lucknow. 

Kar, R.K. - 

Late Cretaceous and Tertiary palynological succession in India. Palaeobotanist. 

Kar, R.K. - Some new spore-pollen genera from Early Tertiary sediments of Rajasthan. 

P.K.K. Nair Comm. Vol., 1. Palynol. 

Karpavichus, J., Yadav, R.R. & Karaitis, J. - Radial growth responses of pine (Pinus 

sylvestris L) and spruce (Picea abies L.) Karst, to climatic and geophytological 

factors. Palaeobotanist. 

Khan, H.A. - Morphotaxonomical studies of Furcraea Vent. (Agavaceae) of India. 1. 

econ. tax. Bot. 

Khan, H.A. - Palynological study of some Indian Nymphaeaceae with reference to Silent 

Valley, Kerala (India). 1. Env. Resources. 

Khan, H.A. - Studies in pollen morphology of Indian Ranunculaceae. 1. Palynol. 

Khandelwal, A. - Pollen allergy: An "invisible" health hazard. Times of India, Lucknow. 

Khandelwal, A. & Agarwal, P. - Allergic disorders and herbal remedies. Proc. 7th Natn. 

Con! Aerobiol., Gwalior. 

Khowaja-Ateequzzaman & Garg, R. - lainiella, a new dinollagellate cyst genus from 

Upper Cretaceous of Cauvery Basin, India. Palaeobotanist. 

Kohli, D., Pandey, P.S. & Gupta, H.P. - Floristic composition and phytosociological 

study of Samaspur wetland, Raebareli, U.P. Geophytology. 

Kohli, D., Pandey, P.S., Gupta, H.P. & Khandelwal, A. - Algal flora and water pollution 

of Samaspur Lake, Raebareli, U.P. Geophytology. 

Kumar, P. - Palynofossils from Pachmarhi Formation, Satpura Basin, Madhya Pradesh. 

Geophytology. 

135

BSIP 

Kumar, P. - Some new palynOlaxa from Chaugan Bed in Hoshangabad District, Madhya 

Pradesh. 1. palaeont. Soc. India. 

Kumar, P. - Palynofossils of Middle and Upper Gondwanas in Satpura Basin 

Palaeoenvironmental significance. Proc. natn. Sem. Environmental changes. its impact 

on flora &fauna, Raigarh (M.P.). 

Maithy, P.K., Babu, R., Kumar, G. & Mathur, V.K. - New cyanophycean remains from 

the Blaini (Terminal Neo-Proterozoic) sequence of Mussoorie Syncline, Lesser 

Himalaya, India. Palaeobotanist. 

MandaI, J. - Palynofossils of the Barail sedjments from Nagaland, their age and 

palaeoenvironment. Palaeobotanist. 

MandaI, J., Chandra, A. & Kar, R.K. - Palynological findings from the mud volcanoes 

of Baralang Island (Andaman). India. Ceophytology. 

Mandaokar, B.D. - Dangrisporites, a new record from TIkak Parbat Formation (Oligocene 

of Dangrikumari. Dibrugarh District), Upper Assam, India. Palaeobotanist. 

Mehrotra, R.c. & Awasthi, N. - Status of gymnosperms in the Tertiary lIora of India. 


Misra, B.K. -Application ofbiopctrological studies in the utilization of coal and lignite. 

Coaliferous fuel resources of India.' Parameters of slLldies in palynology and 

biopetrology, B.S.I.P., Lucknow. 

Misra, B.K. & Singh, B.D. - Fluorescing inertinite macerals in Indian Gondwana coals 

with remarks on their terminology, genesis and coking potenuality. Palaeobotanist. 

Prasad, M. - Siwalik Oora from Koilabas area in the Nepal Himalaya and its 

palaeoenvironmental and phytogeographical significance. J. Nepal geo!. Soc., 

Kathmandu. 

Ram-Awatar - Palynownation of Mjddle Pali Member in Sohagpur Coalfield, M.P., 

India. Palaeobotanist. 

Ran, M.R. & Rajendran, c.p. - Palynological investigations of Tertiary lignite and 

associated sediments from Cannanore, Kerala Basin. Palaeobotanist. 

Sarkar, S. - Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the Subathu Formation (Eocene) 

of Lesser Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh, India. Eco!. Ceo!. Helvetie, Switzerland. 

Saxena, R.K. - Palynology of Upper Siwalik sediments in nooh-western India. Proc. 

Symp. Recent advances in geological studies of Nortlnvest Himalaya and the 

foredeep, G.S.I., Lucknow. 

Saxena, R.K. - Morphology of angioSpe1l11pollen. Coaliferous fuel resources of India . 

Parameters of studies in palynology and biopetrology, B.S.I.P., Lucknow. 

Saxena, R. K. - Biostratigraphic zonation and correlation. Coaliferous fuel resources of 

136


India: Parameters of studies in palynology and biopetrology, B.S.!.P., Lucknow. 

Saxena, R.K. & Tripathi, S.K.M. - Observations on Tricolporopollis Dulta & Sah. 

Geophytology. 

Sharma, C. & Gupta, A. - Vegetational history of Nachiketa Tal, Garhwal Himalaya, 

India. J. Nepal geol. Soc., Kathmandu. 

Singh, B.D. - Coal microconstituents and their classification. Coaliferous fuel resources 

of India: Parameters of studies in palynology and biopetrology, B.S.!.P., 

Lucknow. 

Singh, 0.1'. & Jafar, S.A. - Late Miocene Discoasters from Sawai Bay Formation, Neill 

Island, Andaman Sea, India. Palaeobotanist. 

Singh, T., Tiwari, R.S., Vijaya & Ram-Awatar - Stratigraphy, palaeontology and palynology 

of Carboniferous-Pennian- Triassic succession in Spiti Vaney. J. palaeont. 

Soc. India. 

Srivastava, A.K. - Lower Permian plant fossils from Auranga Coalfield, Bihar. 


Srivastava, A.K. - Occun'ence of Vertebraria axes in the Lower Gondwana beds of Auranga 

Coalfield, Bihar. Palaeobotanist. 

Srivastava, C. - Man and plants: An archaeological perspective. Proc. Young Archaeologis/s 

Meet, Patna. 

Srivastava, R. - Systematic anatomy of fossil woods in the Tertiary nora of India. Proc. 

3rd Pacific Regional Wood Ana/omy Conf, ROl1ua, New Zcaland. 

Srivastava, Shyam C. - An Indian Triassic seed displaying angiospermoid featw·es. 

Prof Rudolph Daber Com. Vol. Germany. 

Srivastava, Shyam C. - ReconslJUction and application of two hundred minion years old 

seeds from India. 1. natn. Sci. Museum, Japan. 

Srivastava, Shyam C. & Manik, S.R. - RcconslJUction of Savitrispermum. Geophytology. 

Srivastava, Shyam C. & Manik, S.R. - Additional observation on Triassic seeds with 

remarks on their morphology in fossil state. Palaeobotanis/. 

Srivastava, Suresh C. & Jha, N. - Palynostratigraphy and cOlTelation of Permian- Triassic 

sediments in Budharam area. Godavari Graben, India. 1. geol. Soc. India. 

Tiwari, R.S. - Coaliferous fuel resources oflndia : Preface. CoaliJerousfuel resources of 

India: Parameters of studies in palynology and biopetrology, B.S.!.P., Lucknow. 

Tiwari, R.S. - Coaliferous fuel resources oflndia: Futuristic approach. CoaliJerous fuel 

resources of India: Parame/ers of studies in palynology and biope/rology, B.S.!.P., 

Lucknow. 

137

BSIP 

Tiwari, R.S., Vijaya & Tripathi, A. - PalynoSlratigraphy of two bore-cores cutting through 

Gondwana sequence in Tamil Nadu. 1. geol. Soc. India. 

Tiwari, R.S., Vijaya, Mamgain, V.D. & Misra, R.S. - Palynological studies on Late 

Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Tethyan sequence of Himalayas in Niti area, Uttar Pradesh, 

India. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 

Tripathi, A. - PalynOSlratigraphy and palynofacies analysis of subsurface Permian sediments 

in Talcher Coalfield, Orissa. Palaeobotanist. 

Tripathi, A. - Morphology of Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic palynofossils. Coaliferous 

fuel resources of India: Parameters of studies in palynology and biopetrology, 

B.S.I.P., Lucknow. 

Tripathi, S.K.M. - Techniques in palynological ~tudies. Coaliferous fuel resources of 

India: Parameters of studies in palynology and biopetrology, B.S.I.P., Lucknow. 

Vijaya - Revision of the Late Permian-Triassic pollen genus Playfordiaspora Maheshwari 

& Banerji 1975. Palaeobotanist. 

Vijaya - Carboniferous-Permian event: Rise of Glossopteris flora on Gondwanaland. 

Proc. Int. Symp. Permian Stratigr., Guizhou, China. 

Vijaya - Palynostratigraphy of Permian Period in India. Coaliferous fuel resources of 

India: Parameters of studies in palynology and biopetrology, B.S.I.P., Lucknow. 

Yadav, R.R. & Bhattacharyya, A. - Tree ring analysis of teak (Tectona grandis) from 

dry deciduous forest of Andhra Pradesh, India. IAWA Bull. 

138


Papers/Reviews/Articles 

published 

Ambwani, K. 1994. Palynological investigation of coal-bearing sediments of Rekmangiri 

coal mine, Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India. PhylOmorphology 43 : 153-164. 

Ambwani, K. & Kumar, M. 1994. Pollen morphology of Ammandra decasperma Cook, 

Phytalephantoideae. PhylOmorphology 44 : 189-193. 

Arya, R. & Awasthi, N. 1994. A new species of Bauhinia from the Kasauli Formation 

(Lower Miocene), Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh. GeophylOlogy 24 : 59-62. 

Awasthi, N. & Mehrotra, R.C. 1994. A liliaceous inllorescence. Curr. Sci. 67 : 78. 

Awasthi, N., Mehrotra, R.C. & Bhattacharyya, A. 1994. Fossil wood of Cynomelra 

from the Neogene ofTripura, India. Geophylology 23: 291-293. 

Bhattacharyya, A., Lamaarche V.F. & Hughes, M.K. 1994. Tree-ring chronologies from 

Nepal. Tree-Ring BIlII. 52: 59-66. 

Chanchala 1994. Harappan plant economy in the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat. Geophytology 

23 : 227-233. 

Garg, R., Khowaja-Ateequzzaman & Jain, K.P. 1995. Occuo'ence of the marker dinoflagellate 

cyst ApeclOdinillm in the Narsapur Well - j, Krishna-Godavari Basin, 

India. PaiaeoboianisI42 : 363-371. 

Guleria, J.S. 1994. Fossilleafof Terminalia from the R~jpardi lignite mine. dishict Bharuch, 

Gujarat, India. Geophylology 24 : 55-58. 

Gupta, 

A. 1994. Fungal fruiting bodies from Early TertiaIY sediments of Sirmaur District, 

Himachal Pradesh, India. Bol. l. Linn. Soc. 115 : 247-259. 

Gupta, H.P. 1994. Palynology, man and environment in Ganga Basin. In : LB. Singh 

(Editor) - Gangelic Plain: Terra lncognila : 67-72. Geology DepaI1ment, Lucknow 

University, Lucknow. 

Gupta, H.P. 1994. Chilka Lake: A changing scenaI·io. Science Reporler 31 : 16-18. 

Jafar, S.A. 1994. Late Maastrichtian calcareous nannofossils from the Lattengebirge (Germany) 

and the Andaman-Nicobar Islands (India) - RemaI'ks on events aI'ound 

Cretaceous-TcrtiaI'y hounc!,uy N. lb. geol. Palaonl. Abh., SlUlIgarl, 191 : 251-269. 

Jafar, S.A. 1994. Report on the Southeast Asia Neogene Nannoplankton Workshop, Kuala 

Lumpur. In : Shirley E. van Heck el al. (Editors) - 1. Nanno. Res., London 16 : 

104-106. 

Jafar, S.A. & Kullmann, J. 1994. ObituaIY - .lost Wiec!mann (1931-1993) . .I. palaeonl. 

Soc. Tndia 39 : 99. 

139

BSIP 

Jafar, S.A. & Rai, J. 1994. Late Middle Eocene (Bartonian) calcareous nannofossils and 

their bearing on coeval post-lrappean transgressive event, Kutch Basin, western 

India. Geophytology 24(1) : 23-42. 

Kar, R.K. 1994. Palynological and palaeoecological study of Jarain and Laitrymbai coal 

scams, Jaint;a Hills, Meghalaya. Geophytology 23 : 203-207. 

Kar, R.K., Handique, G.K., Kalila, C.K., Mandai, J., Sarkar, S., Kumar, M.& Gupta, 

A. J994. Palynostratigraphical stuclies on subsurface Tertiary sediments in Upper 

Assam Basin, India. Palaeobotani:it 42: 183·195. 

Kar, R.K., Mandai, J., Sarkar, S. & Kumar, M. 1994. Pilatrisyncolpites triangulatus 

gen. et sp. novofrom the Oligocene of Upper Assam, India. Geophytology 23 : 287 

289. 

Khan, 

H.A. 1995. Pollen morphology of some plants of Silent Valley, Kerala (India) (PaJ1 

II)· Acanthaceae. Indian 1. Applied Pure BioI. 10: 67-72. 

Khandelwal, A. & Gupta, H.P. 1994. Organodebris analysis ofChilka Lake, Orissa, India 

: An assessment of depositional environment. Palaeobotanist 42 : 215- 224. 

Khandelwal, A. & Kohli, 0.1994. "Vaayu Pradushan tatha Praeheen Imaartein". Avishkar 

6: 344-345. 

Khowaja-Ateequzzaman & Garg, R. 1995. Jainiella, a new dinoflagellate cyst genus 

from the Upper Cretaceous of Cauvery Basin, India. Palaeobotanist 42: 245·248. 

Kumar, P. 1994. Palynology of carbonaceous clays ofNimaJ· Formation, Jhabua District, 

Madhya Pradesh. 1. geol. Soc. India 44: 671-674. 

Kumar, P. 1994. A note on Pipli palynoassemblage from Dlu·angadhra Formation, 

Surendranagar District, Gujarat, India. BioI. Mem. 20: 109-111. 

Maheshwari, H. K., Kapoor, H.M. & Bajpai, U. 1994. On a probable maJ·attialean fern 

from the Mamal Formation in the Kashmir Valley, India. 1. palaeont. Soc. India 39 

: 87·93. 

Maithy, P.K. & Babu, R. 1994. Occurrence of endosporulating cyanobacteria in the Lower 

Bhander Limestone Formation, Bhander Group, exposed aJ1lundNaJ"Singarh,Madhya 

Pradesh. Palaeobotanist 42 : 10 1·1 07. 

Mandai, J., Chandra, A. & Kar, R.K. 1994. Palynofossils from the Kadamtala coal, 

Middle Andaman, India. Geophytology 23: 209·214. 

Mandaokar, B.D. 1995. Stratigraphy of Ledo colliery with special reference to Tikak 

paJ·bat Formation in Tinsukia District, Upper Assam, India. 1. Rec. Adv. Appld. Sci. 

10:5·15. 

Mandaokar, B.D. 1995. Morphotaxonomic advances of polypodia ceous spores under light 

and scanning electron microscope from Ledo Colliery (Oligocene), Tinsukia District, 

Assam, India. 1. Rec. Adv. Appld. Sci. 10: 17-28. 

140


Prasad, M. 1994. Siwalik (Middle Miocene) leaf-impressions from the foot-hills of the 

Himalaya, ·India. Tertiary Res. 15 : 53-90. 

Prasad, M. 1994. Plant megafossils from the Siwalik sediments of Koilabas, central 

Himalaya, Nepal and their impact on palaeoenvironment. Palaeobotanist42: 126 

156. 

Prasad, M. 1994. Morphotaxonomical study of angiospermous plant remains from the 

foot-hills of Kathgodam, north India. Phytomorphology 44 : 115-126. 

Prasad, M. & Khare, E.G. 1994. Occurrence of Dipterocarpus Gaertn. in the Siwalik 

sediments of Hardwar, Uttar Pradesh, India. BioI. Mem 20: 51-54. 

Rajagopalan, G. 1992. Radiocarbon ages of carbonate materials from Gangetic alluvium. 

In : LB. Singh (Editor) - Gangetic Plain: Terra Incognita: 45-48. Geology Department, 


Saraswat, K.S., Sharma, N.K. & Saini, D.C. 1994. Plant economy at ancient Narban (Ca 

1,300 B.C.-3OO/400A.D.).ln: Pursbottam Singh (Editor) -Excavations at Narhan 

(1984-1989), Dept. of Ancient History, Culture & Archaeology, B.H. U. Varanasi: 

255-346 (in association with B & R Publ. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi). 

Sarate, O.S. & PatH, G.V. 1994. Palynostratigraphy of the Bijori sediments, Satpura Basin, 

India. Geophytology 23 : 197-201. 

Sarkar, S., Bhattacharyya, A.P. & Singh, H.P. 1994. Palynology of Middle Siwalik 

sediments (Upper Miocene) from Bagh Rao, Uttar Pradesh, India. Palaeobotanist 

42 : 199-209. 

Sekar, B., Rajagopalan, G. & Bhattacharyya, A. 1994. Chemical analysis and 14Cdating 

of a sediment core from Tsokar Lake, Ladakh and its implications on climatic 

changes. Curro Sci. 67 : 36-39. 

Sharma, C. & Chauhan, M.S. 1994. Vegetation and climate since Last Glacial maximum 

in Darjeeling (Mirik Lake), eastern Himalaya. froc. 29th Int. geol. Congr., Japan, 

Part B : 279-288. 

Sharma, M., Mathur, Y.K., Srivastava, M.C. & Shukla, M. 1994. Systematics' and significance 

ofMicrobialite (stromatolite) Strati/era undata from Mussoorie syncline, 

Lesser Himalaya, India. J. geol. Soc. India 43 : 705-712. 

Singh, A. & Singh, B.D. 1994. Rank evaluation of the Neyveli lignite deposit on the basis 

of reflectance parameter. J. geol. Soc. India 44 : 391-397. 

Srivastava, A.K. 1994. Glossopteris flora and its comparison with the contemporaneous 

floras. Neo Botanica 2: 21-25. 

Srivastava, A.K. & Tewari, R. 1994. Possible evidence of bacterial degradation in 

Glossopteris flora oflndia. Palaeobotanist42 : 174-177. 

Srivastava, R. & Awasthi, N. 1994., Carbonised woods of Sterculiaceae and Sapindaceae 

141

BSIP 

from Middle Miocene sediments of Kerala Coasl. PalaeoboIallist 42 : 178-182. 

Srivastava, Shyam C. & Manik, S.R. 1994. Indian seed compressions from Triassic of 

Nidpur in evolutionary perspective. Colloq. Palaeo/1/ol., Madrid, Spain 45 : 209 

239. 

Srivastava, Suresh C. & Jha, N. 1994. Palynological dating of Lowcr Gondwana sediments 

in Sattupalli area, Chintalpudi sub-basin, Andhra Pradesh, India. 

Palaeobotallist42: 169-173. 

Tiwari, R.S. 1994. A treatise on the potential of palynology in high calibre con·elation and 

dating of coal-bearing Gondwana Sequence oflndia. COlldw. Ceo!. Mag. 6 : 58-74. 

Tiwari, R.S. & Tripathi, A. 1995. Palynological assemblages and absolute age relationship 

of Intertrappean beds in the Rajmahal Basin, India. Cretaceous Res. 16 : 53 

72. 

Tiwari, R.S. & Vijaya 1994. Initiation of eusaccatism in Late Permian: A key to the 

origin of tme saccus in modern gymnosperms. Ceophytology 23 : 285-286. 

Tiwari, R.S., Vijaya & Misra, B.K. 1994. Taphonomy of palynofossils in Gondwana 

Sequence of India. PalaeobOIallist42: 108-119. 

Tiwari, R.S., Vijaya & Ram-Awatar 1995. Protoeusaccites gcn. novo - A case of 

transitionary character-stal~ in saccus structure in the Late Permian bisaccatc pollen. 

Paiaeobotallist42: 387-395. 

Venkatachala, B.S. & Maheshwari, H.K. 1995. Palaeobotany. III : B.M. Johri (Editor) 

- BotallY ill Illdia - History and progress, Chapter 39: 445-463. Oxford & IDH, 

New Delhi. 

Yadav, R.R. 1994. Tree rings: Nature's record keepers. Career & Competitioll Times, 

LuckllOW, Nov. 26-Dec. 2. 

Yadav, R.R. & Bhattacharyya, A. 1994. Tree ring evidences of the 1991 Uuarkashi c3l1hquake, 

western Himalaya. Curr. Sci. 66 : 862-864. 

Yadav, R.R. & Bhattacharyya, A. 1994. Evaluation of growth behaviour of deod3l· and 

blue pine by using tree ring data from Uttarkashi, U.P. Himalaya. Curr. Sci. 67 : 

112-116. 

Yadav, R.R. & Bhattacharyya, A. 1994. Growth ring features in Sallllioxyioll from Rajmahal 

Hills and their climatic implications. Curr. Sci. 67: 739-774. 

Yadav, R.R., Chandra, A. & Gupta, H.P. 1994. Palynological investigation of the Arabian 

Sca boltom surface scdimcnts along the western coast of India. Ceophytoiogy 

23 : 221-226. 

142


Abstracts submitted 

Ambwani, K. & Singh, R.S. - Palynological investigation of Tertiary sediments of 

Selsella area, Garo Hills, Meghalaya. Golden Jubilee COli!, Palaeobot. Soc., 

Lucknow. 

Bera, S.K. & Gupta, H.P. - Late Holocene vegetation development in Anamalai Hills, 

Tamil Nadu, south India. Golden Jubilee Can!, Palaeobol. Soc., Lucknow. 

Chandra, A. - Siliceous microfossils from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. 11lI. 

Symp. Recent advances in phycology, Madras. 

Chandra, A. - Diatoms from the Neogene sediments or Nancowry Island, Andaman and 

Nicobar and their biostratigraphical significance. Golden Jubilee Can!, Palaeobot. 

Soc., Lucknow. 

Chandra, A. - Biostratigraphical signilicance of diatoms from the Late Cenozoic rocks 

of Kamorta, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Golden Jubilee Can!, Palaeobol. 

Soc., Lucknow. 

Chauhan, M.S. & Sharma, C. - Pollen analysis of Mid-Holocene sediments from 

Kumaon Himalaya. Symp. Recent ad\'allces ill geoloxical sludies of Nortlnvesl 

Himalaya and the foredeep, G.S.I., Lucknow. 

Ghosh, A.K. & Maithy, P.K. - Porostromatae algae from the Cretaceous of Sendurai, 

Tiruchirapalli Distl"ict, Tamil Nadu. Diamond Jubilee, Nat. Bot. Soc., Calcutta. 

Gupta, H.P. - Palaeoenvironment of Mahanadi Delta, Orissa since middle Late Pleistocene. 

Inl. Geomorph. Can!, Singapore. 

Gupta, H.P. - Palaeoenvironment of Mahanadi Delta, India since 0.1 01 years as reOected 

by palynostratigraphy. 141h INQUA Congr., Berlin. 

Khan, H.A. - Palynological study of some Indian Nymphaeaceae with reference to Silent 

Valley, Kerala (India). Naill. Sy111p. Envir. Dimens. Palynol. Sci., 

ThiIUvananthapuram, Kerala. 

Khandelwal, A. & Gupta, H.P. - Quaternary palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment 

in India. Int. Can! Qualemary of High-moull/ain Regions, Chougquing, China. 

Maheshwari, H.K., Kapoor, H.M.' & Bajpai, U. - Palynofossils from the Dunpathri 

Member of the Mamal Formation, Kashmir Valley. Symp. Recenl advances in geological 

sludies of NOr/Invest Himalaya and Iheforedeep, G.S.I., Lucknow. 

Maithy, P.K. & Babu, R. - Proterozoic carbonaceous megafossils and organic-walled 

microfossils from Halkal Formation, Bhima Group. Diamond Jubilee, Nat. Bal. 

Soc., Calcutta. 

143

BSIP 

Maithy, P.K., Kumar, S., Babu, R. & Sharma, S. - Oxygenic photosynthetic microfossils 

fr'om the Iron Ore Supergroup (Archaean). Orissa. Diamond Jubilee, Nal. Bot. 

Soc., Calcutta. 

Mandai, J. & Chandra, A. - Palynology of Palaeogene sediments from l3aratang, 

Andamans. [ndia. Golden Jubilee Con!, Palaeobot. Soc.. Lucknow. 

Prasad, M. - Fossil flora from the Himalayan foot-hills and its palaeoclimatic implications. 

Int. Himalayan/Tibetan Plateau Palaeoclimate Workshop, Kathmandu. NepaL 

Prasad, M. - Physiognomy of plant fossils from Siwalik Formation: An aid in determining 

palaeoclimate. 1st Nepal geol. Congr., Kathmandu. NepaL 

Rajanikanth, A. - Fossil air. Workshop on Science Journalism, Regional Science Centre, 

Lucknow. 

Rajanikanth, A. - Diversification and evolution of Early Cretaceous East Coast flora of 

India. Int. Con{ Diversification and evolution of terrestrial plants in geological 

time, Nanjing, China. 

Sarkar, S. - Palynofossils from the Subathu Formation (Eocene) of Jammu and their 

palaeoenvironmental significance. Symp. Recent advances in geological studies of 

Northwest Himalaya and the foredeep, G.S.L, Lucknow. 

Sarkar, S. - Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the Subathu Formation (Eocene) 

of Lesser Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh, India. JOth Himalaya-Karakorum-Tibet 

Workshop, Ascona, Switzerland. 

Sarkar, S. & Corvinus, G. - Neogene palynofloral evolution of western Nepal. European 

Union of Geosciences Con!, Strasbourg, France. 

Saxena, R.K. - Palynology of the Upper Siwalik sediments in nOlthwestern India. Symp. 

Recent advances in geological studies of Northwest Himalaya and the foredeep, 

G.S.I., Lucknow. 

Saxena, R.K. & Rao, M.R. - Palynological observation of the 130ldamgiri Formation 

(Early Miocene) in type area, Garo Hills, Meghalaya. Golden Jubilee Con! 

Palaeobot. Soc., Lucknow. 

Saxena, R.K., Tripathi, S.K.M. & Prasad, V. - Palynological investigation of the Tura 

Formation (palaeocene) in Nongwal-l3ibra area, east Garo Hills, Meghalaya. Golden 

Jubilee Con!, Palaeobot. Soc., Lucknow. 

Sharma, C. - Vegetation and climate of eastern Himalaya during past 20,000 years. Jnt. 

Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau Palaeoclimate Workshop, Kathmandu, NepaL 

Sharma, C. - Vegetation and climate during Quaternary Period in western Himalaya. 

JOth Himalaya-Karakorum-Tibet Workshop, Ascona, Switzerland. 

Sharma, c., Chauhan, M.S., Gupta, A. & Rajagopalan, G. - Vegetation and climate of 

Garhwal Himalaya during last 4,000 years. Symp. Recent advances in geological 

144


studies of Northwest Himalaya and the foredeep, G.S.I., Lucknow. 

Singh, R.S. - Megaspores from the Late Cretaceous sediments of India. Golden Jubilee 

Conf, Palaeobol. Soc., Lucknow. 

Srivastava, A.K. - Late Palaeozoic floral succession in India. XlII ICC-P, Krakow, Poland. 

Tewari, R. - Glossopterid fiuctification from Upper Permian of India. Inl. Conf. Diversification 

and Evolulion of Terrestrial plants in Geological Time (ICTPG), Nanjing, 

China. 

145

BSIP 

Abstracts published 

Absar, A, Rajagopalan, G. & Srivastava, G.c. 1995. Age of geothelmal waters in nOlthwestern 

Himalaya and its significance in understanding epithermal mineralisation 

phenomenon. Symp. Recent advances in geological studies of Northwest Himalaya 

and the foredeep : 292. G.S.I., Lucknow. 

Arya, R. & Awasthi, N. 1995. Leaf-impressions from Kasauli Formation, Kasauli, Himachal 

Pradesh and their palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental significance. Symp. 

Recent advances in geological studies of Northwest Himalaya and the foredeep: 

104-106. G.S.I., Lucknow. 

Awasthi, N. 1994. Dipterocarpaceae in the Indian subcontinent: Past, present and future. 

V ROllnd Table Conf on Dipterocarps, Chiang MaL Thailand. 

Bera, S.K. & Gupta, H.P. 1995. Pollen interplay in and around Dokriani Glacier, Uttarkashi, 

Garhwal Himalaya. Int. Himalayan- Tibetan Plateau Palaeoclimate Workshop: 20. 

Kathmandu, Nepal. 

Bhattacharyya, A., Chaudhary, V. & Yadav, R.R. 1995. Tree ring analysis of conifers 

from the eastern Himalayan region. Int. Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau Palaeoclimate 

Workshop: 15. Kathmandu, Nepal. 

Bhattacharyya, A. & Yadav, R.R. 1994. Dendrochronological analysis of some Himalayan 

conifers. Int. Con! Tree rings environment and humanity: Relationship and 

processes, Tucson, Arizona. 

Uhattacharyya, A. & Yadav, R.R. 1995. Dendrochronological reconnaissance of Pinus 

walhchiana to study glacial behaviour in the NOl1h-West Himalaya. Int. Himalayan-Tibetan 

Plateau palaeoclimate Workshop: IS. Kathmandu, Nepal. 

Chandra, A. 1994. Siliceous microfossils from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. 1111. 

Symp. Recent advallces in phycology : 38. Madras. 

Chandra, A. 1994. Fossil diatoms from Neogene sediments of Anderson and Interview 

Islands, Andaman and Nicobar, India. 13th Int. Diatom Symp., Illay (Poster Sessions). 

Chandra, A. 1994. Fossil silicotlagellates from Neogene sediments of Anderson Island, 

Andamans and Nicobars, India. 131h Int. Diatom Symp., Italy (Poster Session). 

Chauhan, M.S. & Sharma, C. 1994. Vegetation and climate during Late-Quaternary period 

in Kumaon Himalaya, India. 9th Himalaya-Karakortlm-Tibet Workshop: 21. 

Kathmandu, Nepal. 

Chauhan, M.S. & Sharma, C. 1995. Pollen analysis of Mid-Holocene sediments from 

Kumaon Himalaya. Symp. Recent advances in geological sl1ldies of Northwest 

146


Himalaya and the foredeep 

: 103. G.S.I., Lucknow. 

Garg, R., Krishna, J., Jain, K.P. & Khowaja-Ateequzzaman 1994. Late .Jurassic Ammonoids 

and their associated dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from Tethys Himalaya 

: An integrated approach. IX Himalaya-Karakorum- Tibet Workshop, Kathmandu, 

J. Nepal Geol. Soc. 10 : 54-55. 

Khandelwal, A. 1994. Aerospora of Lucknow with remarks on pollen spurts in atmosphere 

and surface sediments. 5th Int. Con! Aerobiol. : 74. Bangalore. 

Khandelwal, A. & Gupta, H.P. 1994. Honey bees and yellow rain. 5th Int. Collf Aerobiol. 

: 75. Bangalore. 

Maheshwari, H.K., Kapoor, H.M & Bajpai, U. 1995. Palynofossils from the Dunpathri 

Member of Mamal Formation, Kashmir Valley. Symp. Recent advances in geological 

studies of Northwest Himalaya and theJoredeep : 91. G.S.I., Lucknow. 

Prasad, M. 1994. Siwalik flora from Koilabas area in the Nepal Himalaya and its significance 

on palaeoenvironment and phytogeography. IX Himalaya-Karakorum- Tibet 

Workshop, Kathmandu, J. Nepal Geol. Soc. 10: 101. 

SarkaI', S. & Corvinus, G. 1994. Palynology and palaeoenvironment of Siwalik sediments 

around Arjunkhola, Nepal. IX Himalaya-Karakorum-Tibet Workshop, 

Kathmandu, J. Nepal geol. Soc. 10 : 172. 

Saxena, R.K. 1995. Palynology of the Upper Siwalik sediments in nOlthwestern India. 

Symp. Recent advances in geological studies of Northwest Himalaya and the 

foredeep: 101. G.S.I., Lucknow. 

Sharma, C. 1994. Palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate of Late-Quaternary sediments from 

eastern Himalaya. IX Himalaya-Karakorum- Tibet Workshop, Kathmandu, J. Nepal 

geol. Soc. 10: 120. 

Sharma, C., Chauhan, M.S., Gupta, A. & Rajagopalan, G. 1995. Vegetation and climate 

of Garhwal Himalaya during last 4,000 years. Symp. Recent advances in geological 

studies of Northwest Himalaya and theJoredeep: 90. G.S.I., Lucknow. 

Sharma, C. & Gupta, A. 1994. Vegetational history of Nachiketa Tal, Garhwal Himalaya, 

India. IX Himalaya-Karakorum-Tibet Workshop, Kathmandu, J. Nepal geol. Soc. 

10:173. 

Sharma, S., Babu, R., Maithy, P.K. & Kumar, S. 1995. Lithostratigraphy and environment 

of deposition of the carbonate sequence, The Iron Ore Group, Barbil area, 

Orissa: A preliminary report. XI Conv. Indian Assoc. Sedimentol. : 73. Roorkee. 

Singh, T., Tiwari, R.S., Vijaya & Ram-Awatar 1995. Stratigraphy and palynology of the 

Permian and Early Triassic sequences in Spiti Valley, H.P. In : Symp. Recent advances 

in geological studies oj Northwest Himalaya and theJoredeep: 93. G.S.I., 

Lucknow. 

147

BSIP 

Srivastava, R., 1995. Systematic anatomy of fossil woods in the Tertiary nora of India. 

1.A.WA. Jour. 15(3): 221-222. 

Srivastava, Suresh C. & Bhattacharyya, A.P. 1994. Early Permian microfossils in faunal 

coal balls from Arunachal Pradesh. India - Phytogeographic and 

palaeoenvironmental significance. CIMP S)'mp. stratotypes alld stages: PalYllology. 

palaeoellvironmellt alld stratigraphy: 50. Sheffield. U.K. 

Vijaya 1994. Carboniferous-Permjan event: Rise of Glossopteris Ilora on Gondwanaland. 

fllt. Symp. Permian stratigr. environ. resour. : 33. Guizhou. China. 

Yadav, R.R., Bhattaeharyya, A. 1994. Tree ring analysis of some Indian tropical trees. fllt. 

COil/ Tree rings environment and humallity: Relatiollship and processes. Thcson. 

Arizona. 

Yadav, R.R. & Bhattacharyya, A. 1995. Tree ring analysis of fir (Abies pindro\V) from 

sub-alpine forest near Pindari glacier. western Himalaya. flit. Himalayan - Tibetal/ 

Plateau Palaeoclimate Workshop: 16. Kathmandu. Nepal. 

148


Report to the Governing Body of 

Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 

Lucknow 

We have audited the attached BalanceSheetofBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 

Lucknow, as at 31st March, 1995, and the Income and Expenditure Account and Receipts & 

Payment Account for the year then ended and repol1 that subject to our comments as given 

in Annexure A to this Report: 

In our opinion and to the best of our information 

given to us the said accounts give a \l1Je and fair view: 

and according to the explanations 

(i) In the case of Balance Sheet of the state of affairs of the Institute as at 31 st 

March, 1995, 

(ii) 

(iii) 

In the case of Income and Expenditure Account, of the excess of income over 

expenditure for the year then ended, and 

In the case of Receipts and Payment Account, of the receipts and payments of 

the Institute for the year then ended. 

Place: 

Lucknow 

Date: July 20, 1995 

For SINGH AGARWAL & ASSOCIATES 

Charlered Accoulltallts 

SdI- 

(Mukesh Kumar Agrawal) 

149

BSIP 

(Annexure 

Annexure 'A' 

to and forming part of the Audit Report for the Year ended 31st 

March, 1995) 

Comments on Accounts of Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 

for the year ended 31st March, 1995. 

Accounts : 

Lucknow 

I. Accounts of various Projects tenable at the Institute have been maintained 

separately and do not form PaJt of the Balance Sbeet and Income and 

Expenditure Account and Receipt and Payment Account. 

2. Accounts have been maintained on cash basis. 

3. Verification of bank account reveals that various entries have been incorporated 

in the Bank Reconciliation Statement under the head "Credit without advice 

(C.W.A.)" and "Debit without advice (D.W.A.)" amounting to Rs. 28.936/- and 

Rs. 32.976/- respectively. 

As explained to us. the above entries are not at present u·aceable. But in our 

opinion. the same are verifiable provided proper communication is there 

between the various departments of the Institute. 

4. Various advances were found pending recovery for an unduly long period. 

Efforts aJ·eto be made [or speedy settlement of the same. 

Change of Accounting polides : 

150 

5. During the year under audit. there has been a significant change in the 

accounting policies o[ the Institute. Advances on Revenue Account as on 

Balance Sheet date. which were hithelto shown in the Assets side of the B/s. 

have been charged to Income and Expenditure Account by debiting to the 

respective heads of Expenditure Account. Therefore. "Excess of Expenditure 

over Income" has been over estimated by that anlOunt. 

6. There had been a short deduction of Income Tax from the Salary of employees 

of the Institute. But. however. the same has been recovered from them in early 

next year. Proper care should be taken while deducting Income Tax to avoid 

any harsh action taken by the Income Tax Authorities. 

7. During the year under audit. three vehicles costing Rs. 2.56.346.11 were 

disposed off at Rs. 1.17.705.00. Sale price, as stated above. has been shown in 

the "Income and Expenditure Account" of the year under the head "Misc. 

Income". However, original cost of the vehicles have been reduced from Assets 

and Capital Fund heads in the Balance Sheet. In our opinion. prior approval of


the Department, from whom grant for these vehicles were received, is necessary 

before considering it as Income. 

General Provident Fund : 

8. In the administration of withdrawals from GPF accounts, lUtes regarding 

withdrawal from the fund have not been complied with and innumerable 

employees have been allowed to withdraw more than what is permissible under 

the GPF IUles. As explained to us, excess withdrawals have been allowed in the 

cases where necessity of the same had been preassessed by the Institute. 

9. Rs. 45,245/- has been appropriated and trans felTed 10 G.P.F. Account by BSIP 

to fill up the gap between interest paid to employees fund and intcrest received 

on Investment. This figure has been clubbed with the head of Family Pension 

and Gratuity shown under the head of "PENSION & SUPERANNUATION" of 

Receipts and Payment Account. 

Publications: 

10. On sClUtiny of record of the priced publication of Palaeobotany, it has been 

observed that during the last several years, the Institute had brought out 

publication on different subjects to sell out in tbe market. Stock position of 

these pliced publication as on 31.03.95 is about Rs. 17.50 lacs apart from which 

Rs. 1.50 lacs is reserve stock, totalling stock of Rs. 19.00 lacs. 

Library: 

Further, we observed that because requirements of these priced publications 

had not been properly assessed by the Institute, the same are lying in stock 

which causes blockade of valuable fund, deterioration in quality and blockade 

of storage space, etc. 

11. No physical verification was made during the year under audit. As explained 

to us, library stocks are being physically verified after 5 years, as per Central 

Government Rules. 

Stores 

12. Fixed Assets Register has been maintained w.e. f. 1988 onwards and no record 

has been maintained regarding fixed assets acquired out of grants or otherwise 

before 1988. 

According to informations and explanations furnished before us, no physical 

veri fication of fixed assets has been made. 

No identification marks on the fixed assets have been made for efficient and 

proper 

veri fication thereof. 

13. No depreciation on fixed assets has been charged, as per accounting policy of 

the Institute. 

151

BSIP 

Suggestions: 

14. Looking at the volume of transaclions, it is being suggested, for belter, efficient 

and correct presentation of accounts, [he accounts books must be prepared on 

the basis of "Double Enu·y System" of accounting which is a commonly 

accepted accounting system. 

15. Backlog in the maintenance of Fixed Assets Register must be updated at the 

earliest with the help of some technical personnel. 

152


Replies to the comments raised by the Chartered Accountants on the Accounts 

of the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany while conducting the 

Accounts for the year ending 31.03.1995. 

1. No comments. 


3. Unreconciled balances have now been reconciled with Bank up to the month of June 

1995 and latest position is annexed herewith. In this connection, however, it may be 

stated that bank reconciliation is mostly dependent upon the information and coopeltion 

extended by the bank. Remark of Chartered Accountants about the unreconciled balances 

being untraceable is not corTect. 

4. Efforts are on to expedite the settlement of tile advances. Latest position is annexed 

berewith. 

5. Change of accounting system has been affected as per observation made by the Director 

of Audits, Scientific Departments, New Delhi. 

6. Noted. 

7. DSTs approval already exists. 

8. Contention of the Chartered Accountants is not correct as there has been no case where 

GPF rules were flouted. 


10. Efforts are being made to accelerate the sales of the priced publications. 


12. Noted. 



15. Noted. 

J C Singh 

(Accounts Officer) 

Sd/- 

Sd/ 

Suresh C. Bajpai 

(Registrar) 

153

BSIP 

Liabilities 

Birbal Sahni Institute of 

Balance Sheet as at 

Amount 

Rs. 

Amount 

Rs. 

Capital li'und 

Balance as per last year's Balance Sheet 

Add: Gov!. of India Granl 

Add: Miscellaneous Refund 

Less: Vehicles writlen off 

Excess or Income over Expenditure 

Less: Excess of Expd. over Income 1994-95 

Cost of land donated by U.P. GovL 

Founder's Donation 

MGT Scheme (CSIR) 

Coal Scheme (CSIR) 

Palynological Scheme (CSIR) 

UNESCO AlJ) FUND 

Bumlah Oil Co., Donation 

Rajasdlan Scheme (Sponsored by Univ. Wisconsin) 

C.D. Palll Memorial Fund 

C.L. Katiyal Memorial Fund 

OtJlcr Miscellaneous Donations 

P.c. Bhandari Memorial Fund 

A.C. Seward Memorial Fund 

P.K. Srivastava Memorial Fund 

Birbal Sahni Research Award Endowmelll 

Prof. 1'.M. Harris Endowment 

Gift in Kind 

Humboldt Foundation (West Gennany) 

General Provident Fund 

Liabilities & Provisions 

Festival Advance 

Mrs Maya Devi & Mr Mahadev Prasad 

Security (Capital) 

Security (Revenne) Plan 

Security (Revenue) Non-Plan 

Group Linked Insurance Scheme 

5,23,18,888.52 

94,32,000.00 

4.953.00 

6,17,55,841.52 

2,56,346. I I 

39,98,719.53 

8,95,210.25 

26,483.90 

15,000.00 

2,000.00 

6,14,99,495.41 

31,03,509.28 

32,292.00 

1,52,500.00 

8,100.79 

7,784.66 

5,207.87 

19,629.75 

1,900.00 

23,009.15 

4,494.14 

7,901.76 

28,032.30 

8,077.95 

24,542.73 

6,820.81 

51,105.55 

16,619.49 

75,000.00 

1,34,70,530.50 

120.00 

43,483.90 

250.00 

154


Palaeobotany, Lucknow 

31st March, 1995 

Assets 

Land 

Donated by V.P. Government 

Works & Buildings 

Out of Founder's Donation 

As per last year's Balance Shect 

Additions during Ule year 

Research Apparatus & Equipments 

!Is per last year's Balance Sheet 

!ldditions during the year 

Workshop Equipment., 

As per last year's Balance Sheet 

Additions during the year 

Office & Misc. Equipments 

As per last year's Ilalancc Sheet 

Additions during ule year 

C~14Radiometric Dating E(IUipments 


Additions during tJ1C year 

Plant & Machinery 



Apparatus & Equipments Donated 

M.G.T. Scheme (CSJR) 

Bunnall Oil Co. 

Founder's Donation 

Coal Scheme «('SIR) 

Palynological Scheme (CSIR) 

RajasUlan Scheme (Sponsorcd hy Vniv. of Wisconsin) 

VNESCO !lid Equipment 

Ilumboit Foundation 

Vehicles 



Less: written off 

Furniture & Fixture 



Furniture & Fixture (Fixed) 

BlInn:~1 Oil Co. 

M.G.T. Scheme (C.S.I.R.) 

Amount 

Rs, 

96,10,365.88 

9,54,744.43 

2,06,43,131.46 

20,6';.425.50 

2,06,890.69 

0.00 

21,48,849.00 

12,79,563.45 

';4,49,692.66 

.j 309.00 

22,09,937.21 

000 

7,155.79 

70000 

2,500.00 

6,645.29 

5,207.87 

22,029.45 

19,629.75 

75,000.00 

9,44,625.66 

5,98,774.10 

15,43,399.76 

2,56,346. I I 

23,39.407.08 

4,44,178.90 

1,200.00 

945.00 

Amount 

Rs, 

32,292.00 

50,000.00 

1,05,65,110.31 

2,27,08,556.96 

2,06,890.69 

34,28,412.45 

54,54,00166 

22,69,937.21 

1,38,868.15 

12,87,053.65 

27,83,585.98 

155

BSIP 

Liabilities 

Amount 

R,. 

Amount 

R,. 

Total 

7,85,90,408.09 

(Mukesh 

Kumar Agarwal) 

Partner 

For Singh Agarwal & Associates 

Chartered Accountants 

Sd/- 

Sd/- 

J.C. Singh 


156

1,35,600.00 23,54,879.00 

1,34,70,530.50 

8,100.00 4,264.07 34,92,284.60 83,72,133.05 Amount Rs. (SBI) 20.05.000.00 

1,06,05,000.00 

63,67,041.05 

29,14,389.88 

18,52,397.00 

12,00,000.00 

12,99,850.00 4,77,622.00 'i 3,65,680.50 1,35,600.00 Amount 

24,860.00 3,000.00 

1,139.37 894.72 979.70 100.00 92.00 (LQQ 17,14,222.69 

50,000.00 13,142.00 543.12 1994-95 

Invec,lJnemin As Mis \louse per Krishna Building last year's & 5 Co., Advance year's Balance Lucknow Time Sheet 

Deposil 

Total 

7,85,90,408.09 

SdI 

S.c. Bajpai 

(Registrar) 

SdI- 


(Director) 

157

BSIP 

Expenditure 

To Academic J16,309.20 Expenses 2,37,472.00 1,10,977.00 45,798.80 

2,34,409.15 1,17,740.60 15,654.00 4,43,278.80 5,97,716.24 46,650.00 18,601.00 1,83,563.00 48,818.50 96,566.70 1,10,977.00 45,798.80 2,000.00 20,274.50 23,16,604.00 24,63,339.90 68,75,035.00 60,010.00 7,08,304.70 48,463.10 2,880.00 91,676.07 94,149.80 1,55,913.75 12,225.94 24,751.00 73,016.00 12,37,472.00 Expenses 1,69,375.00 22,759.00 67,31,441.00 

58,318.00 1,28,473.10 20,67,123.00 

22,42,959.90 34,273.80 62,816.00 

3,93,456.15 

65,774.40 22,633.35 1,45,221.80 1,90,000.00 3,905.00 31,879.00 0.00 

0.00 2,53,278.80 2,49,481.00 2,20,380.00 4,52,494.44 3,14,848.55 1,43,594.00 2,02,530.15 51,966.20 27,440.65 26,185.15 11,749.00 10,200.00 16,309.20 12,376.20 14,188.00 1,692.00 1,992.00 

0.00 

Museum Deputation l3irbal Pay Govcming 

Superannuation & Expenses Salmi Allowances Body Abroad Memorial Allowances 

of to Administrative Academic Auxi. Lecture & Technical Pension Stall Staff 

158 


Income & Expenditure Account 

Plan Non-Plan Total 

~. ~. ~.


Palaeobotany, Lucknow 

for the year ending 31st March, 1995 

Income 

Plan 

Rs. 

Non·Plan 

R•. 

Total 

Rs. 

Revenue 

Account 

13y Grant from Govl. of India 

By Grant from V.P. Government 

13y Sale Proceeds of Priced Publications 

The Palaeobotanist 

Monographs 

Symposium 

Gondwana Symposium 

Catalogue of Indian Fossil Plants 

Seward Memorial Lecture 

Birbal Sabni Memorial Lecture 

FourU, I.P.c. Proceedings 

Picture Post Cards 

Aspects & Appraisal of Indian Palaeobotany 

Misc. Receipts 

V.S. Room Charges 

Application Fee 

Licence Fee 

Telephone Receipt 

Leave Salary 

Pension Contribution 

SEM Facilities 

Electricity Receipts 

IntereSlon Conveyance Advance 

Interest on II.B.A. 

Interest on Savings Bank AccountffDR 

Consu1t.1ncy Receipt 

Excess of Expenditure over [nearne 

40,68,000.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

407.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

5,50,137.07 

1,45,00,000.00 85,68,000.00 

5,000.00 5,000.00 

2,01,728.50 

300.00 

110.00 

1,830.00 

10,201.00 

14.00 

14.00 

400.00 

200.00 

200.00 

1,82,841.55 

42,600.00 

914.00 

5,552.00 

0.00 

9,666.00 

11,235.00 

1,175.00 

660.25 

34,051.00 

l3,956.00 

3,25,736.00 

59,000.00 

3,45,073.18 

2,01,728.50 

300.00 

110.00 

1,830.00 

10,201.00 

14.00 

14.00 

400.00 

200.00 

200.00 

1,83,248.55 

42,600.00 

914.00 

5,552.00 

0.00 

9,666.00 

11,235.00 

1,175.00 

660.25 

34,051.00 

13,956.00 

3,25,736.00 

59,000.00 

8,95,210.25 

159

BSIP 3,07,364.89 1,72,498.00 46,829.00 38,315.00 26,702.70 66,212.00 34,723.50 48,000.00 13,500.00 4,750.00 4,468.50 2,100.00 3365.65 Non-Plan 4,43,012.55 2,13,874.10 1,44,639.92 1,05,557.24 96,241.77 Rs. 3,365.65 1,49,445.95 2,93,049.10 6,67,057.65 5,46,573.27 25,728.60 63,597.59 3,57,460.73 4,750.00 38,315.00 4,468.50 26,702.70 66,212.00 13,500.00 ';2,326.10 46,829.00 1,99,035.02 34,723.';0 1,87,447.10 8,23,246.76 1,93,231.60 63,769.23 92,786.00 Total 83,991.00 

0.000 

3,59,021.55 4,73,826.05 3,59,126.17 4,65,786.03 3,07.364.89 1,72,498.00 1,21,088.10 1,43,603.15 26,597.50 41,959.65 48,000.00 32,472.54 ';4,395.10 2,100.00 Plan 

0.00 

Review Maintenance Committee of Building 

Expenditure 

Total 

46,18,544.07 1,57,52,457.48 2,03,71,001.55 

For Singh Ag.anl'al & Associates 


(Mukesh 

Kumar Agarwal) 

Partner 

Sd/- 

Sd/- 

J.e. Singh 


160


Income 

I'lan 

Rs. 

Non-Plan 

Rs. 

Tolal 

Rs. 

Tolal 

46,18,544.07 1,57,52,457.48 2,03,71,001.55 

S.C. Bajpai 

(Registrar) 

SdI 

SdI- 


(Director) 

161

BSIP 

Receipts 

To Opening Balance: 

A. Bank Account 

I) Revenue 

II) Capital 15,000.00 

4,490.00 33,98,265.38 

94,32,000.00 

66.510.00 

5,093.60 

0.00 

III) Group 40,68,000.00 Insurance 46300 

0.00 0.00 Scheme 

IV) Deposit Account 

V) Donation 

VI) CDP Accoulll 

n. CHsh Account 

Non-Plan Revenue 

C. S;:,,,ings B;:mk Account 

To Govt. of India Grant 

Revenue 


Receipts and Payment Account 

Plan Non-PI,tR Total 

Rs. Rs. R,. 

4,92,032.50 94,32,000.00 

33,~8,265.38 

2,72,650.00 10,201.00 4,490.00 

5,000.00 1,728.50 1,830.00 463.000.00 2,51,491.58 27,96,712.00 

49973 

17,000.00 1,45,00,000.00 

1,85,68,000.00 

250.00 5,000.00 203.10 127.97 49973 2,01,72850 300.00 10,201.00 

14.00 2,72,650.00 2,56,585.18 28.63.222.00 

200.00 1,83000 400.00 8,98,515.17 110.00 

4,06,482.67 

2,000.00 

0.00 

Capital 

To Government of V.P. Gnmt for Revenue 

To Receipts on Capital Account" 

i) By Cancellation of Cheque (Library) 

ii) Credit given by SBI On LlC 93/155 

To Sale Proceeds of Publications: 

The Palaeobolanist 

Monograph 

Symposium 

Catalogue 

Aspects & Appraisal of Indian PaJaeobolany 

Seward Memorial 

l3irbal Salmi Memorial 

Lecture 

Lecture 

Silver Jubilee Memorial Lecture 

Gondwana 

Symposium 

IV l.P.c. Proceedings 

Picture Post Cards 

To Administrative 

Income Tax 

Insurance Premium 

G.P.F. 

162 

Subscription 

Receipt..,;; 

Salary Savings Scheme

Capital (Academic) 11,05,000.43 11,40,136.55 43,013.1043,013.10 

3,86,281.55 9,56,119.50 5,98,774.10 3,00,000.00 6,30,453.06 78,140.60 37,108.60 29,98,787.00 

3,966.00 2,000.00 2,02,129.00 Non-Plan Accounts 9,19,290.90 1,53,827.00 9,72,640.00 22,759.00 1,26,473.10 1,58,366.20 49,38,641.00 62,816.00 8,56,209.00 1,90,000.00 2,13,104.15 -10,22,122.00 22,633.35 Rs. 1,27,021.80 

10,11,255.90 2,24,400.60 4,51,719.00 3,57,778.80 31,879.00 1,46,579.75 48,818.50 24,751.00 73,016.00 30,57,406,00 9,59,043.00 2,17,636.00 52,22,412.00 1,65,104.00 Total 

0.00 

000 

58,619.00 11,05,000.43 

11,40,136.55 9,56,119.50 3,24,697.20 3,86,281.55 5,98,774.10 2,83,771.00 3,00,000.00 6,30,453.06 1,67,778.80 1,81,225.15 1,02,834,00 26,185.15 20,106.65 91,965.00 78,140.60 37,108.60 49,482.00 66,034.40 10,200.00 15,507.00 11,277.00 2,000.00 3,966.00 1,992.00 Plan 0.00 

Works Field Payment 

Governing and Excursion Buildings Body Selection Committee & 

for the163year 

ending 31st March, 1995 

1994-95

BSIP 1,10,000.00 2,82,275.00 3,25,736.00 1,28,036.00 70,000.00 43,780.00 42,600.00 18,933.60 34,051.00 59,000.00 58,565.00 11,500.91 11,235.00 13,956.00 1,82,841.55 5,552.00 9,666.00 Non-Plan 1,175.00 5,99,875.00 1,43,715.00 

Rs. 10,000.00 

1,28,036.00 291.04 11,500.91 43,780.00 2,82,275.00 13,956.00 34,051.00 1,83,248.55 914.00 42,600.00 5,552.00 11,235.00 660.25 1,175.00 9,666.00 59,000.00 6,09,675.00 3,28,825.00 1,50,480.00 3,25,736.00 58,565.00 

5,000.00 

II Total ,844.00 

0.00 

1,10,000.00 70,000.00 9,800.00 Plan 

16,981.00 18,933.60 5,000.00 6,765.00 407.00 

0.00 

Interest Festival 

Opening Security Misc. (Dr H.P. A. Receipt Bhattacharyya) 

on Advance Deposit 

Balance Gupta) TDRlS.B. CDP Account 

Receipts

1,10,977.001,10,977.00 

46,829.0046,829.00 26,702.7026,702.70 89,149.8089,149.80 91,676.0791,676.07 3,07,364.89 39,714.00 38,315.0038,315.00 34,723.5034,723.50 12,225.9412,225.94 13,500.00 4,750.004,750.00 3,968.50 3,365.65 8,328.50 2,100.00 Non-Plan 1,69,375.00 1,44,639.92 45,798.80 4,43,012.55 25,728.60 

63,597.59 63,769.23 2,13,874.10 3,37,368.30 1,49,445.95 1,75,577.10 3,28,282.73 Rs. 1,93,231.60 1,05,557.24 15,654.00 3,905.00 6,51,047.65 2,93,049.10 3,38,358.27 39,714.00 92,786.00 1,99,035.02 52,326.10 3,968.50 1,83,563.00 3,365.65 96,241.77 6,45,313.85 8,328.50 7,34,106.76 13,500.00 83,991.00 62,108.00 Total 

0.00 

4,57,816.05 4,05,824.03 3,59,021.55 3,07,945.55 1,43,603.15 1,62,781.17 3,07,364.89 1,21,088.10 26,597.50 41,959.65 32,472.54 54,395.10 11,749.00 14,188.00 16,309.20 2,100.00 Plan 

000 

0.00 

Buildings Telephone The Palaeobotanist 

165& 

Trunk Call Charges 

1994-95

BSIP 1,25,000.00 1,45,000.00 95,000 60,000.00 Non·Plan Rs. 

0.00 Total 

0.00 

0.00 

1,25,000.00 1,45,000.00 95,000.00 60,000 Plan 

0.00 

(Dr Opening 

(Mrs) R.K. Mukund P.K. Balance Maithy) Kar) Asha Sharma) Khandelwal 

Receipts 

166

12.37,472.0012,37,472.00 2,72,650.002,72,650.00 43,800.0043,800.00 2,00,000.00 96,566.7096,566.70 58,565.0058,565.00 1,08,850.64 1,01,222.50 1,72,498.00 1,60,959.70 18,601.00 2,000.00 2,880.00 63,232.70 44,917.82 48,000.00 59,219.50 80,717.75 27,96,712.00 

5,99,875.00 2,51,491.58 1,43,715.00 500.00 3,11,844.00 Non-Plan 5,000.00 

Rs. 10,000.00 

2,000.00 2,880.00 500.00 28,63,222.00 6,09,675.00 18,601.00 3,28,825.00 2,56,585.18 1,50,480.00 Total 

000 

2,00,000.00 1,08,850.64 1,0I 1,72,498.00 1,60,959.70 44,917.82 80,717.75 66,510.00 48,000.00 59,219.50 63,232.70 16,981.00 9,800.00 5,000.00 6,765.00 5,093.60 ,222.50 Plan 

B.S. Dr Refund Pension, Festival Income GPFH.P. Memorial Subscription of Tax Gupta Family Security Remitted Lecture Pension Moneyand Gratuity 


167

BSIP 

Receipts 

Plan 

Rs. 

Non-Plan 

Rs. 

Total 

Rs. 

To!.,1 

1,81,49,741.08 2,07,22,683.30 3,88,72,424.38 

168 

(Mukesh 

Kumar Aganval) 

Partner 

For Singh Aganval & Associates 


SdI- 

SdI- 

J.c. Singh 

(Accounts Officer)

20,05,000.00 55,97,237.99 11,500.64 25,700.90 64,282.25 35,780.50 16,149.36 15,082.18 250.00 8,777.50 494.14 Non-Plan 92.00 6,38,466.31 

Rs. 2,000.00 17,000.00 7,40,558.28 250.00 11,500.64 494.14 92.00 Totlll 

0.00 0.00 

20,05,000.00 

55,97,237.99 1,02,091.97 25,700.90 64,282.25 15,000.00 16,149.36 15,082.18 35,780.50 8,777.50 Ph," 

0.00 

Dr II.P. Gupta 


Total 

1,8],49,741.08 2,07,22,683.30 3,88,72,424.38 

S.c. Bajpai 

(Registrar) 

Sd/ 

Sd/- 


(Director) 

169

1994-95 - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

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