The Crane Flies of California - Essig Museum of Entomology ...

THE CRANE FLIES OF CALIFORNIA

Tipula (Triplicitipula) acuta Doene-Mating Pair 

(Courtesy of Dr. Edward S. ROSS)

I 

BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY 

VOLUME 8 

THE CRANE FLIES OF CALIFORNIA 

BY 

CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS 

BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 

1967

BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY 

Advisory editors: J. N. BELKIN, R. M. BOHART, J. R. DOUGLAS, R. L. DOWIT, 

C. A. FLESCHNEX?, E. G. LINSLEY, E. I. SCHLINGRR, R L. USINGER 

Vdume 8 

Approved for publication June 17, 1966 

hued November 27, 1967 

Priced, $6.00 

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS 

BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS 

LONDON, ENGLAND 

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 

01967 BY THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

! 

CONTENTS 

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

GeneralFacies of the California CraneFly Fauna . . . . . 

Habits and Occurrence Historical . . . General NLorphology Illustrations and Keys Acknowledgments . S~urces of Materials Systematic Treatment . . . . Key to the families of crane flies . . . . . . . . . 

Family Tanyderidae . . . . . Genus Protanydents Handlirsch Family Ptychopteridae . . . . Genus Bittawmorpha Westwood Genus Bittacomorphella Alexander Genus Ptychptera Meigen Family Trichoceridae . . . Genus Diazosma Bergroth . . . . . . . . . 

Genus Paradadura Brunetti Genus Tridwcera Meigen Family Anisopodidae . . . . Genus Sylviwla Moses Harris Family Pachyneuridae . . . . . Genus Cramptonornyia Alexander Family Tipulidae . Subfamily Tipulinae . . Genus Holorusia Loew Genus Prionocera Loew . Genus Ctenophora Meigen Genus Nephrotoma Meigen Genus Tipula Linnaeus . . . Subgenus Angarofipula Savchenko . . . . . . . 

Subgenus Arctotipula Alexander Subgenus Bellardina Edwards . . Subgenus Beringotipula Savchenko Subgenus Eremotipula Alexander . Subgenus Hesperotipula Alexander Subgenus Labiofipula Alexander Subgenus Lindnerina Mannheims Subgenus Lunatipula Edwards . Subgenus Odonafisca Savchenko . Subgenus Platytipula Matsumura Subgenus Pterelachisus Rondani . Subgenus Savtshenkia Mannheims Subgenus Schumrnelia Edwards Subgenus Serratipula Alexander . . . . . . . 

Subgenus Setitipula Alexander . . . . . . . 

Subgenus Sinotipula Alexander . . . . . . . 

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Subgenus Tipula Linnaeus . . . . 

Subgenus Tipulodinodes Alexander Subgenus Trichotipula Alexander Subgenus Triplicitipula Alexander . 

Subgenus Vestiplex Bezzi . . . 

Subgenus Yamatotipula Matsumura . 

Subfamily Cylindrotominae . . . . 

Subfamily Limoniinae . . . . . . 

Tribe Limoniini . . . . . . . 

Genus Antocha Osten Sacken . . . 

Genus Dicranoptycha Osten Sacken . . 

Genus Elliptera Schiner . . . . 

Genus Limonia Meigen . . . . . 

Subgenus Dicranomyia Stephens . . 

Subgenus Discobola Osten Sacken . 

Subgenus Geranomyia Haliday . . 

Subgenus Hesperolimonia Alexander . 

Subgenus Zdioglochina Alexander . 

Subgenus Limonia Meigen . . . 

Subgenus Metalimnobia Matsumura . 

Subgenus Rhipidia Meigen . . . . 

Genus Thaumastoptera Mik . . . . 

Tribe Pediciini . Genus Ula Haliday . . . Genus Ornithodes Coquillett Genus Pedicia Latreille . . Subgenus Pedicia Latreille . . Subgenus Tricyphona Zetterstedt Genus Dicranota Zetterstedt . . . 

Subgenus Plectromyia Osten Sacken . 

Subgenus Polyangaeus Doane . . 

Subgenus Rhaphidolabis Osten Sacken 

Tribe Hexatomini . . . . . . . 

Genus Paradelphomyia Alexander . . 

Genus Phyllolabis Osten Sacken . . 

Genus Dactylolabis Osten Sacken . . 

Subgenus Eudactylolabis Alexander Subgenus Dactylolabis Osten Sacken Genus Austrolimnophila Alexander . Genus Pseudolimnophila Alexander . 

Genus Limnophila Macquart . . Subgenus Afrolimnophila Alexander Subgenus Arctolimnophila Alexander . 

Subgenus Brachylimnophila Alexander 

Subgenus Dendrolimnophila Alexander 

Subgenus Eloeophila Rondani . . 

Subgenus Hesperolimnophila Alexander 

Subgenus Phylidorea Bigot . . . 

Subgenus Prionolabis aten Sacken . 

Genus Pilaria Sintenis . . . Genus Ulomorpha aten Sacken Genus Hexatoma Latreille . Subgenus Eriocera Macquart . . . 

Genus Atarba Osten Sacken . . . 

Genus Elephantomyia &ten Sacken . 

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Tribe Eriopterini . . . Genus Chionea Dalman . GenusNdaduraAlexander . Genus Gnophomyia Osten Sacken Genus Idiognophomyia Alexander GenusGonomyiaMeigen . . Subgenus Eupfilosfena Alexander Subgenus Gonomyia Meigen . . . 

Subgenus Zdiocera Dale . Subgenus Neolipophleps Alexander Subgenus Prohnomyia Alexander . 

Genus Lipsothrix Loew . . . . . 

Genus Hespermnopa Alexander Genus Crypfolabis &ten Sacken Genus Rhabdomastix Sku- . Subgenus Sacandda Alexander . . 

Genus Cheilofrichia Rossi . Subgenus Cheilofrichia Rossi . . . 

Subgenus Empeda Osten Sacken Genus Gonempeda Alexander . . . 

Genus Gonomyodes Alexander . . . 

Subgenus Gonomyopis Alexander . 

Genus Arctoconopa Alexander . . Genus Empedomorpha Alexander Genus Eriopfera Meigen . . . . 

Subgenus Erioptera Meigen . . . 

Subgenus Hoplolabis Osten Sacken . 

Subgenus Mesocyphona Osten Sacken 

Subgenus Psiloconopa Zetterstedt . 

Subgenus Symplecfa Meigen . Subgenus Trimicra Osten Sacken Genus Ormosia Rondani . . . Subgenus Oreophila Lackschewitz Subgenus Ormosia Rondani . Subgenus Parormosia Alexander . Subgenus Rhypholophus Kolenati Genus Tasiocera Skuse . . . . . 

Subgenus Dasymolophilus Goetghebuer 

Genus Molophilus Curtis . . . . 

Subgenus Promolophilus Alexander . 

Subgenus Molophilus Curtis Selected References . . Index to Scientific Names Figures . . . . . . . . . . . 

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i 

THE CRANE FLIES OF CALIFORNIA 

BY 

CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 

INTRODUCTION 

I 

The flies that are commonly known as crane flies 

belong to the Tipulidae, comprising the largest family 

group in the order Diptera, with approximately 13,000 

described species. In addition, there are certain 

generally similar flies belonging to other families that 

commonly are considered to be crane flies, including 

the Tanyderidae (primitive crane flies), ptychopteridae 

(phantom crane flies), Trichoceridae (Winter 

crane flies), and Anisopodidae (false crane flies). 

Actually, these latter pups are not closely related to 

the Tipulidae and are placed in different superfamilies-Psychodoidea 

(Tanyderidae, Ptychopteridae) 

and the Anisopodoidea (Trichoceridae, Anipodidae), 

with the Tipulidae comprising the sole 

member of the Tipuloidea. 

In the recent Catalog of the Diptera of America 

North of Mexico, by Stone, Sabrosky, Wirth, Foote, 

and Coulson (1965-see references at conclusion of 

the present report), the following number of species 

is recognized for this area, the so-called Nearctic 

region: 1458 (432) Tipulidae, 4 (2) Tanyderidae, 

16 (9) Ptychopteridae, 27 (9) Trichoceridae, and 8 

(1) Anisopodidae (the lesser figures in parentheses 

represent the number of species known from California 

considered in this bulletin). Wirth and Stone 

(in Usinger, 1956) recognized approximately 265 

species in these groups, excluding the Trichoceridae, 

stressing those species that were known or suspected 

to have aquatic or semi-aquatic immature stages. 

There are over 450 species presently known from 

California, more than from any other state. It seems 

certain that many additional species, including undescribed 

forms, remain to be discovered in California, 

and very probably between 500 and 600 species 

actually occur there. Many crane flies presently 

known from Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona may be 

found, and some of these are included in the keys 

later in this report. 

GENERAL FACIES OF THE; CALIFORNIA 

CRANE FLY FAUNA 

Compared with the remainder of the Nearctic 

region and particularly the northeastern section, the 

generic composition of the local crane flies shows 

certain noteworthy features. The Tanyderidae is 

represented by two of the three regional species of 

Protanyderus, the other members of the genus being 

from Asia In the subfamily Tipulinae of the Tipulidae, 

there are five local genera of which four are 

represented by single species, these being Holoru~ia, 

Prionocera, Ctenophra, and Nephrotoma. The 

remaining genus, Tipula, is vastly developed, including 

about 165 species or nearly 40 percent of the 

known crane-fly fauna. A very characteristic genus in 

eastern North America is Dolichopeza, which does not 

occur in California. 

The small subfamily Cylindrotominae has no 

known representatives in the state but some are 

regional and probably will be found in later collecting. 

In the third and largest subfamily of the Tipulidae, 

the Limoniinae, all four Nearctic tribes are represented, 

these being the Limoniini, Pediciini, Hexatomini, 

and Eriopterini. The Limoniini has a sparse 

representation in the typical genus Limonia, which in 

many other regions is the single largest genus of crane 

flies. Aquatic groups, such as Antocha, Elliptera, and 

Thaumastoptera, occur in California; the last is of 

particular interest as being the sole representative of 

the genus in the New World. The Pediciini comprises 

a relatively large group of flies that is nearly restricted 

to the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere 

and is well represented in California. In the Hexatomini, 

some genera and subgenera are characteristic 

and well represented, including especially Dacfylolabis, 

Limnophila (subgenera Eloeophila and Prionolabis), 

Ulomorpha, and Hexafoma. Of particular 

interest in this tribe is the genus Phyllolabis which is

2 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey 

virtually restricted to the west and is greatly 

developed in California, with nine of the thirteen 

Nearctic species known from the state. The largest 

tribe of the subfamily, the Eriopterini, shows an 

abundance of species in certain genera such as 

Gonomyia, Erioptera, OnnoSia, and Molophilus, and 

is comparable in this respect to eastern North 

America. A small number of genera and subgenera 

occurring in North America are restricted to the 

western states and provinces, including especially 

Zdiognophomyia, Gonomyia (Euptilmtena), Hesperownopa, 

Gonomyodes, and Ormosia (Rhypholophus), 

all with representatives in California. 

HABITS AND OCCURRENCE 

Crane flies have a notable preference for moist 

conditions, and the majority of the species occur in 

humid woods, commonly along streams or other 

bodies of water. The adult flies may be found resting 

on herbage and other plants and are most readily 

obtained by sweeping the vegetation in such haunts. 

Numerous species are to be found by following the 

course of a mountain stream or comparable habitat. 

The early stages of many of the flies so taken are to 

be found in or close to a stream or other body of 

water. However in any collection of adults along a 

mountain stream, for example, the immature stages 

of the species captured may have occurred in the 

stream, in the moist soil along the margins, in wet 

moss clumps nearby, under damp leaf mold in the 

adjoining forest, in decaying wood, in fungi, or in 

various other habitats. Where the early stages are 

known, they commonly frequent the following types 

of habitats: 

1. Strictly aquatic species in fresh water, especially rapidly 

flowing str-Ant&; 

CryptoZabis; probably Hesperoconopa. 

2. Marine, in the intertidal zone along the shorpLimonia 

(IdioBfochina). 

3. Aquatic for part of the larval stage, going to the stream 

margins or dryar areas for pupation-various species of 

Tipula; Limonia; Thaumastoptera; many Pediciini and 

Hexatomini; some Eriopterini. 

4. Hygropetric, living on the steep or vertical faces of c1Ss 

or rocks; in or beneath a layer or scum of algal growth, 

constantly wet through slow-flowing or percolating waters; 

or in more rapidly flowing strenms under somewhat 

comparable conditiontivarious species of Limonia (as 

defuncta com*nna, humidicola, homichlophila, and 

others); Elliptera; and others. 

5. In or beneath wet or saturated cushions of mosses or 

liverworts growing on earth or mcks-Dolichopza (Byers 

1961)- in aquatic mosses. 

6. In wet to saturate dvaying wood, the larvae commonly 

feeding on fungoua growth in the habitst-ctenophra; 

Lipsothrix; Gnophomyia; Teucfiolabis; and others. 

7. In rich organic earth or mud, as along stream or lake 

margins or in swamps and marshes; in masses of leaf-drift 

at stream borders; in wet spots in woods, living in the 

saturated humus soil- preferred habitat for numerous 

genera and species. 

8. Sandy, gravelly, or loamy soils with moderate humus, as 

along stream bord-Rhabdomastix; Gonomyia; and 

ethers. 

9. In decaying plant materials, such as leaves, stems, or 

10. 

fruits in various stages of putrefaction. 

In fungi, both woody and fleahy-Limonia (Metalimmbia) 

califomica; Ula. 

11. In organic matter accumulated in the nesoi of birds and 

mammals. 

12. Feeding on the leaves of terrestrial higher plants and 

moss-members of the subfamily Cyliindrotominae (not 

yet found in California, but regianal). 

13. In relatively dry open soil, as in pastures and on the 

ranges-lliephmtoma; several species of Tipula, with 

certain of these of economic importance in the state, 

being the so-called “range crane flies.” 

Elsewhere in the world there are still other more 

specialized habitats, including species living in water 

that has gathered in tree holes; in water reservoirs 

in the sheathing leaves of various monocotyledonous 

plants, as Liliaceae and Bromeliaceae; and a few 

species in the Pacific islands with leaf-mining larvae. 

A great pmportion of the species found in California 

has not been reared, and some interesting discoveries 

may be expected. The genus Phyllolabis remains 

unknown and the immature stages may prove to be 

of unusual interest 

Papers by Alexander (1920, 1931), Byers (1961), 

and Hynes (1963,1965) may be consulted, especially 

for additional references and bibliographies that are 

provided 

HISTORICAL 

The Nineteenth Century-The earliest collections of 

crane flies in California apparently were those made 

by Alexander Agassiz (1859 and later), described by 

k w and Osten Sacken, including a few of the best 

known species (Holorusia rubiginma Loew, Tipula 

(Beringotipula) fallax Loew, T. (Triplicitipula) 

pubera Loew, Limonia (Metalimnobia) californica 

(0. S.), and L. (Zdioglmhha) marmorata (0. S.). 

Henry Edwards (1853 and later) added a few further 

species, including Ctenophora (Phoroctenia) vittata 

angustipnnis Loew and Tipula (Triplicitipula) 

praecisa hew. 

In 1876 C. R. Osten Sacken, the first outstanding 

student of the Tipulidae, spent nearly a year in California 

(see his Record of My Lifework in Entomology, 

third part, pp. 205-242, Heidelberg, Germany, 

1904). He left Massachusetts on November 27, 1875, 

arrived in California on December 27, 1875, and

eturned to the east in August 1876. Most of the 

period was spent in the vicinity of San Francisco, 

but some noteworthy excursions were made to other 

parts of the state, including one in the spring of 1876 

to southern California, including h Angeles, Santa 

Barbara, San Diego, and to the lower San Bernardino 

mountains near the present city of Redlands. On this 

trip he was accompanied by the well-known botanist, 

J. G. Lemmon, and most of the time was spent at a 

place known as Crafton Retreat on Mill Creek. I am 

indebted to Dr. Frank R Cole for further information 

concerning this latter station, which is the type locality 

for a few of Osten Sacken's species (data included 

in A History of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, 

by John Brown and James Boyd, 1922). Crafton 

Retreat was about twelve miles east of the city of 

San Bemardin0 near the mouth of Santa Ana Canyon. 

One of the early planters in the region in 1870 was 

U €L Crafts, who established a small hotel and sanitarium 

that he called Altoona but which later came 

to be known as Crafton Retreat In describing his 

species, Osten Sacken calls this Crafton's Retreat 

and misspells the stream as Wig "Milk Creek" 

Later in the year he visited Yosemite in Mariposa 

County and Webber Lake in Sierra County. From his 

California materials Osten Sacken described a small 

number of new crane flies in the families Tanyderidae, 

Ptychopteridae, Trichoceridae, and especially the 

Tipulidae. Some further species from this series 

remained unworked by Osten Sacken and were 

studied and named later by the present writer. 

Prior to 1888 James Behrens collected the controversial 

Nephrotoma wulpiana (Bergroth) in Siskiyou 

County. 

The Twentieth Century.-Rennie Wilbur Doane 

(1871-1942) was an outstanding student of the crane 

flies of western North America, particularly of Washington 

and California. He graduated from Stanford 

University in 1896. He lived in Washington until 

1905 when he returned to Stanford as Professor of 

Entomology. Most of his personal collections were 

made in the vicinity of Palo Alto (Stanford University), 

a few prior to 1896, others in 1906 and thereafter. 

His own collections were supplemented by 

materials submitted by friends and former students, 

to some of whom he dedicated new species in the 

genus Tipula, including Tipula (Hesperotipula) 

derbyi (for a Mr. Derby), T. (Beringotipula) newcomeri 

(for Ewal Newcomer), T. (Triplicitipula) 

quaylii (for H. J. Quayle), and T. (Triplicitipula) 

williamsi (for Francis X. Williams). In his papers 

Doane almost consistently omitted the names of collectors 

and often the dates of collection. He published 

Alexander: The Crane Flies of California 3 

twelve papers that concern this family of flies, describing 

approximately 150 new species, of which more 

than 90 belong to the genus Tipula, almost all from 

the western states. Virtually all of his specimens, 

including types, are currently preserved in three collections, 

the United States National Museum (Limoniiiae, 

1900); Washington State University, Pullman 

(Tipula, 1901); and the California Academy of 

Sciences, San Francisco, through Stanford University 

(1908 and later reports). Some further lots of 

unworked materials remained in the Doane series 

and were studied by the writer during the spring of 

1964, through the kindness of Drs. Edward S. ROSS, 

Paul H. Amaud, Jr., and Mr. Hugh B. Leech. The 

most important of these materials were taken by 

Doane after 1912 and by Dr. Fred Bianchi in 1930. 

Dr. William George Dietz (1848-1932) published 

several papers on the Tipulidae between 1913 and 

1921 that included a few novelties from Sonoma 

County and from the vicinity of Mount Shasta, taken 

in 1914 and 1915 by August Kusche. 

The more important collections of these flies in 

the early years of the century, additional to those 

of Doane, were made by a relatively few men, some 

of whom are mentioned. Millard C. Van Duzee 

(1860-1934) first visited the state in 1915 and made 

collections in the southern counties; he very generously 

presented these materials to the author, including 

a few species of unusual interest. Perhaps the most 

interesting of these was Protanyderus vanduzeei, 

represented by a unique male and never rediscovered. 

Most of the early collections were made by staff and 

friends of the California Academy of Sciences (CAS) 

and the collections are preserved there. Probably 

some of the early materials were destzvyed in the 

1906 earthquake, but the majority are still preserved. 

The early collectors in this group include F. E. Blaisdell, 

C. L. Fox, E. H. Nast, E. P. Van Duzee (1919, 

1932), E. C. Van Dyke (1910, 1924), and F. X. 

Williams. Still others of this early period from other 

institutions included C. F. Baker, H. S.Barber (1903), 

J. C. Bradley (1906, 1907, 1915), T. D. A. Cockerel1 

(1926), F. R. Cole, E. T. Cresson, Jr. (1908), H. G. 

Dyar (1916), E. G. Holt (1917), Vernon Kellogg, 

A. P. Morse, P. H. Timberlake (1935-1937), and 

some others. 

At a somewhat later period, to about 1950, a 

number of friends became interested in collecting 

these flies and most generously submitted them to the 

author. These extensive materials include a considerable 

proportion of the species known from the state. 

The names are arranged alphabetically. In conjunction 

with fellow students at Berkeley, Mont A. Cazier


made extensive collections in several areas of the 

state in 1939 and 1940. Others in the group included 

T. H. G. Aitken, G. E. Bohart, J. A. Domes, Thomas 

Kelley, W. H. Lange, C D. Michener, R. L. Usinger, 

E. C. Zimmerman, and a few others. 

John A. Cornstock made large and important collections 

chiefly in the south, including materials from 

Del Mar and vicinity and from Mount Palomar 

(1945, 1946). Others who collaborated during 1945 

included Gustave Gliickert, J. M. Mayeda, and Loran 

Whitelock 

Otto Degener, in Sequoia National Park, with 

Leroy Peiler, collections made in June 1942. 

Jean Linsdale made a survey of the Hastings 

Natural History Reservation, northern Santa Lucia 

Mountains, Monterey County. From about 1943 to 

1958, Linsdale collected in the reserve great series 

of specimens but representing relatively few species 

and provided unusual data on detailed geographical 

and seasonal distribution, with materials that should 

provide very valuable data on individual variation in 

the different species. The thousands of specimens are 

preserved individually in glassine envelopes on a 

cardboard backing and are in exceptionally fine condition. 

A basic named set was returned to the museum 

at the reservation, and in accordance with the wishes 

of Dr. Linsdale, the remainder were placed in other 

collections, the largest series in CIS with smaller sets 

in the Alexander collection, CAS, and UK. Detailed 

references to the Hastings Reservation will be found 

in Linsdale 1943, 1947, and 1955. 

Axel Leonard Melander (1935-1945) made very 

extensive collections, chiefly from the southern counties. 

L. W. Saylor (1945) secured important materials 

at Campo in extreme southern San Diego County 

and in Santa Cruz County. 

John L. Sperry, with Noel Crickmer (1944-1950), 

collected chiefly in the San Bernardino Mountains 

and at Borego. 

Henry and Marjorie Townes (1940) made collections 

in northern California. 

Other entomologists of this period who generously 

presented the author with materials from the state 

include A. W. Lindsey (1922), William Peter, and 

others. A number of persons submitted materials for 

naming, chiefly in conjunction with research and 

economic problems; these included B. V. Brookman, 

E. F. Cook, C. D. Duncan, G. F. Ferris, E. L. Kessel, 

M. C. Lane (1939), P. W. Oman, C. M. Packard, B. 

E. Rees (1938), Helen E. Sweet (1929), and others. 

Recent mIlections.-The largest source of materials 

available for the present study included those taken 

by the author and his wife between 1946 and 1964; 

and because of their importance and the fact that vast 

series of specimens in many other groups of insects 

were collected, it is believed that a short account of 

the itineraries of the different years will prove of 

considerable value to future students. 

Between 1934 and 1964 the author and his wife 

made 18 trips to western North America for the purpose 

of collecting crane flies. All were made by automobile 

and virtually all were in camps chiefly in the 

national parks, national forests, and state parks, 

where many of the best insect collecting areas are 

found. On ten of these tips various sections of California 

were included, and since the collected materials 

provide the single most important source of records, 

the itineraries and dates are listed. More detailed 

accounts of these trips are included in our personal 

diaries and in the annual Fernald Club yearbooks of 

the University of Massachusetts (1934 to date). The 

dates in parentheses indicate the time spent in 

California. 

1946 (July %August 1) 

Entered the state at Barstow on July 9; camped on Palomar 

Mountain with John A. Comstock, July 11-13; San Bernardino 

Mountains, with A. L. Melander and John Sperry, July 15-16. 

Sequoia National Park and Kings Canyon, July 19-22; 

Yosemite National Park, July 22-25. Several days in San 

Francisco (July 26-29) studying the Doane trpes and visiting 

fellow entomologists there and at Berkeley. Northward along 

the Redwood Empire highway to Prairie Creek State Park, 

July 31-AU~US~ 1. Into Oregon August 1. 

1947 (June 29-July 11); Northern California 

Entered the state at Lake Tahoe June 29, collecting at 

various stations in Placer and El Domdo counties (June 30- 

July 4). Northward to Lesseo Volcanic National Park, camping 

in the King Creeh Meadows at near 7500 feet, (July 6-8); 

further collecting in Lassen and Shasta Counties, Burney Falls 

State Park (July 8-9); Hatchet Creek, Mount Shasta at 

Panther Meadows, Siskiyou County (July 10-11). Into Oregon 

July 11. 

1948 (August 11-12); Northern California 

After collecting chiefly in Washington and Oregon with 

Kenneth Fender, a brief trip to Prairie Creek State Park, 

Humboldt County, collecting with Fender, Richard Coleman, 

and Willis W. Wirth (August 11-12). Into Oregon August 12. 

1950 (June 28-August 4) 

Entered California at Yuma, June 28. §equoia National 

Park and Kings Canyon (July 1-6); Yosemite. including the 

valley floor, south rim, and Tuolumne Meadows (July 7-18). 

Northward collecting along the Walker River (July 19); 

Lassen and vicinity, with Paul H. Amaud and Larry Quate 

(July 21-26); Mount Shasta at Panther Meadows (July 28); 

Castle Crags State Park, with Hugh B. Leech (July 27-30); 

Trinity Alps (July 31); Prairie Creek State Park (August 1- 

3). Into Oregon August 4.


! 

1953 (June 30-July 13); Northern California 

Lake Tahoe and vicinity (June 30-July 4); Castle Cregs 

State Park (July 5-9); across the Trinity Alp0 to Prairie 

Creek (July 9-13). Into Oregon July 13. 

1957 (June 23-July 30); Sierra Nevades 

Lake Tahoe and vicinity (June 23-27); over %ora Pass 

to Middle Fork of Stanislaus River (June 27); Yoaemite and 

Tuolumne Meadows (June 28-July 5, July 22-27); Tioga 

Pass and Twin Lake section (July 6-8, July 27-30); southward 

along east side of Sierras, Glacier Creek (July 10); 

Whitney Portal and vicinity (July 11-15). Sequoia National 

Park and Kings Canyon (July 16-21). Into Nevada July 31. 

1958 (June 30-August 12); Coastal California 

Entered the state at India, June 30. San Jacinto Momtabs 

(July 1-3); San Bernardino Mountains with A. L. Melander 

(July 4-6). Followed coastal route northward from Santa 

Barbara (July 7-8). Hastings Reservation, Monterey County, 

with the Linsdales (July 9-11); Big Sur (July 11-12); 

Portola State Park (July 12-14); San Francisco (July 15). 

North along the coastal route to Taylor State Park (July 16- 

17); Sonoma Beach (July 18-19); Mendocin0 and Vicinity 

with Jacques Helfer (July 19-21); Cape Mendocino (July 

22-23); Prairie Creek (July 23-25); Jeddah Smith State 

Park, Del Norte County (July 26-28); Castle Crags State 

Park (July 29); Mount Shmta at Panther Maad- (July 

30-31 ); Burney Falls (August 1-3) ; Lassen Vdcanic National 

Park (August 4-11); Davis Creek and vicinity, Modoc munty 

(August 11-12). Into Oregon August 12. 

1959 (July 23-August 17); Western Canada and Southward, 

Cascades and Sierra Nevadas 

Entered California from Oregon July 23. Mount Shasta at 

Panther Meadows (July 24-25); Lassen Volcanic National 

Park (July 27-29) ; Lake Tahoe and vicinity (July 30-August 

2); Yosemite (August 3-5); Sequoia National Park and Kings 

Canyon (August 6-8); east side of Sierra Nevadas, Whitney 

Portal (August 10-11); Big Pine (August 12-13); Coldwater 

Creek and Twin Lakes (August 14-16). Into Nevada, August 

17. 

1963 (March 30-July 1); Southern Half of State 

San Diego county at Mount Laguna, as a base for mllecthg 

at Cuyamacho Rancho State Park, Alpine, Campo, and other 

stations (March 30-April 2, April 8-15, April 27-May 2). 

Indio (April 6). Del Mar, with John A. Cornstock (April 18). 

Death Valley (April 20-22). East side of Sierra Nevadas, 

with base at Lone Pine (April 23-26, May 15-18, June 24- 

28), with Harry Kennedy. Palomar Mountain and Doane Lake 

(April 30). Redlands, as a base for intensive collecting in the 

San Jacinto and San Bernardino Mountains (April 3, May 6- 

13, May 20-28, June 29-30). Mojave Desert and Kern River 

(May 13-14). Fresno county, including Porterville and 

vicinity (May 18-19); Camp Nelson (May 29); Shaver and 

Huntington Lakes (June 7-10). Sequoia National Park and 

Kings Canyon (May 30-June 7, June 16-24). Yosemite, with 

James Baker (June 11-15). Into Nevada July 1. 

1964 (January 1-June 30) 

A visiting professor on staff of University of California, 

Berkeley, while engaged in work on the present report. Only a 

few collecting trips were possible, including especially Portola 

State Park and Muir Woods State Park, with Donald G. 

Denning; and into the northern Santa Lucia Mountains, 

Monterey County, at Salmon Creek, with C. Dennii Hynes, 

May 2. Into Nevada June 30. 

Additionel sources.-Other sources of materials 

during this period may be discussed. George W. Byers 

and party from the Department of Entomology, University 

of Kansas (UK), June 13-21, 1959. Collections 

made in northern California, in Del Norte, El 

Dorado, Humboldt, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama, and 

Trinity Counties. On June 28, 1963 further small 

collections in Nevada and Placer Counties. These 

important materials totaled more than 100 species 

and provided several new species and many records. 

Ashley B. Gurney, aided by George Buxton, collected 

in the Trinity Alps, Trinity County, at near 

6500 feet, September 9-15, 1964, adding a few 

species to the known list. 

During this period several of the persons listed 

earlier continued their collecting and a considerable 

number of others submitted important collections. 

The more important of these include the following: 

Paul H. Arnaud Extensive collections especially 

from the vicinity of Palo Alto and in Tuolumne 

County. 

R. E. Bellamy, in southern California (1962- 

1963). 

Donald G. Denning, chiefly in central and northern 


Jacques Helfer, from Mendocino County, including 

valuable fall records. 

C. Dennis Hynes, extensive collections of unusual 

value because of the biological data for many of the 

species. Collections from San Luis Obispo and Monterey 

Counties, and more northern stations in the 

Sierra Nevadas (1958-1964). 

Carl W. Kirkwood, numerous specimens, chiefly 

from Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties. 

To all of the many persons mentioned in this 

bulletin, I wish to express my deepest thanks and 

appreciation. Without their materials the list of 

species would have been much smaller. 

GENERAL MORPHOLOGY 

Numerous books and reports on insect structure are 

available, and at this time only a brief discussion is 

provided to accompany the morphological figures on 

plates I1 and 111. References cited at the conclusion 

of this paper may be consulted for detailed information 

and for the more detailed bibliographies on the 

subject that they provide (especially Crampton, 

1942 ). Works that discuss general morphology include 

Byers, 1961; Crampton, 1942; Rees and Ferris, 1939;

6 Bulletin of the California Znsect Survey 

and Williams, 1933. The thorax is discussed in 

Crampton, 1925; Snodgrass, 1909; and Young, 1921. 

Head and mouthparts are covered in Peterson, 1916. 

Male and female genitalia are covered in Cole, 1927; 

Crampton, 1941; Fromer, 1963; and Snodgrass, 

1903 (female), 1904 (male). And wing venation is 

examined in Alexander, 1918, 1927a, 1927b, 1929, 

1934, 1942,1950; Cornstock, 1918; Hendel, 1928; and 

Tillyard, 1919. Less detailed accounts are found in 

many college texts on entomology. 

The general structure of the crane fly thorax and 

male hypopygium is shown in figures 1-3. Plate 111, 

with figures 12-21, inclusive, illustrates the wing 

venation of the various families and subfamilies here 

treated, all the examples shown being California 

species. The venation has been interpreted according 

to the generally accepted Comstock-Needham system 

(Cornstock, 1918), with the radial field as modified 

by Alexander (references above cited), and the 

medial and cubital fields as interpreted by Tillyard 

(1919). Concerning the radial field the chief contention 

by the writer is that there is no radial crossvein 

(r) in the order Diptera, the element that has been 

so considered being vein Rp which has assumed a 

transverse position and eventually has been lost by 

atrophy. A comparison is suggested of figure 12 (Protanyderus), 

with vein R p fully preserved and attaining 

the wing margin, with figure 17 (Pedicia protea), 

where the same vein is shown as fused apically with 

vein R to form R I+s. A further comparison of the 

series of Pediciine wings shown on plate XXXVI with 

figure 275, that again shows the wing of Pedicia 

protea, may demonstrate the gradual transition from 

the longitudinal, through the oblique, to the transverse 

position of vein R p. On this same plate of the 

Pediciini, the extreme plasticity and variability of the 

veins at the fork of Rs may be noted. In some types 

(figures 280, 281, 282, 283) vein R has been transferred 

to the upper branch of Rs, R to form a 

short element R 2+s+4, the last branch of Rs in these 

cases being R s; in other examples (as figures 268- 

277), veins R I+s and R 1+5 are retained in their 

generalized condition. The various papers by Alexander 

and Hendel explain this condition in detail. 

The figures show the venation of all genera and 

subgenera occurring in the state and the male hypopygium 

of all species where this structure is of particular 

importance in using the keys. All figures were 

made by the author with the exception of most of 

those in the great genus Tipda. These outstanding 

illustrations are by Mr. Steven L. Jensen, a graduate 

student in entomology at the University of Utah, to 

whom my very sincere thanks and appreciation are 

extended. 

ILLUSTRATIONS AND KEYS 

Throughout the keys to species it has been necessary 

to use characters of the male hypopygium, since at the 

present time it is not possible to separate the female 

in several of the more involved genera 

The figures provided cover most of the species 

presently known from the state. In addition to those 

shown, various other species have been described and 

figured in other papers, particularly in a series of 

seven reports published in the American Midland 

Naturalist between 1943 and 1954, as listed below. 

In the keys, and particularly in connection with the 

extralimital species, a citation to such figures is given 

by state or locality, with the page and number (for 

example, Oregon Report, p. 62, fig. 39). 

RECORDS ANJ3 DESCRIPTIONS OF NORTH AMERICAN 

CRANE FLIES (DIPTERA) 

III. 

Tipdoidea of the Upper Gunnison Valley, Colorado, 

1943, her. Midland Nat, 29:147-179,38 figs. (cited 

ColOXXldO) 

IV. Tipdoidea of the Yellowstone National Park. Ibid, 

1943, 30:718-764, 50 figs. (cited Yellowstone) 

V. Tipdoidea of the Grand Teton National Park and 

Teton National Forest, Wyoming. Ibid., 1945,33:391- 

VL 

439, 46 6gs. (cited Wyoming) 

Tipuloidee of Arizona, New Mexico,and Trans-Pecos 

Taras, I. Ibid., 1946, 354844531, 27 figs. (cited 

-1 

VIL The Tipdoidea of Utah, I. Ibid., 1948, 39:1-82, figs. 

(cited Utah) 

MI. The Tipdoidea of Washington, I. Ibid., 1949, 42:257- 

333, 65 6gs. (cited Washington) 

IX. The Tipdoidea of Oregon, I. Ibid., 1954, 51:1-86, 77 

*.(cited On?Pon) 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

In addition to the various persons listed earlier as 

being of primary importance in the present study, 

further acknowledgment of greatly appreciated assistance 

is extended to the following: 

The National Science Foundation, for financial aid 

under grant G 5188 to support field work in California 

and other western states and provinces in 1957, 1958, 

and 1959; and grant GB 740 to continue this work in 

California in 1963. 

The authorities in charge of the National Park 

Services, where permits for collecting natural history 

objects, including insects, are required. Through the 

interest of Director Conrad L. Wirth, between 1950 

and 1956 I was appointed a collaborator in the 

services, which greatly facilitated receiving the 

required permits. Thanks are extended to Dr. Wirth

t 


and to the individual superintendents and naturalists 

of the various parks and monuments, including particularly 

Lassen Volcanic National Park, Wuoia and 

Kings Canyon national parks, and Yosemite National 

Park. Similar permission is required to make collections 

in the numerous California state parks and other 

state holdings, and I am greatly indebted to John H. 

Michaels and Burgess W. Heacox of Sacramento for 

granting such permits in 1957 through 1964. Since the 

various national and state parks include many of the 

more desirable crane fly habitats in the state, the 

above mentioned courtesies were particularly appreciated. 

Dr. Edward S. Ross of the California Acadamy of 

Sciences has allowed me to use as a frontispiece the 

exceptional photograph showing a mating pair of 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) acufa Bane. 

Very special thanks are extended to several members 

of the faculty of the University of California, 

Berkeley, including in particular Drs. Ray F. Smith, 

Dilworth D. Jensen, Robert L. Langsbn, Jerry A. 

Powell, and Robert L. Usinger. Drs Usinger and 

Powell are in direct charge of the work of the California 

Insect Survey and it was through their interest 

and intervention that the project was begun and 

carried through to completion. 

The maps were prepared by R. L. Langston and 

J. A. Powell, to whom my sincere thanks are extended 

for this exacting work As originally planned, all 

species known from California were to have been 

included on the maps but later it was deemed advisable 

to limit these to those species for which relatively 

1 

SYSTEMATIC 

KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF CRANE FLIES 

Wings with a single Anal vein reaching the margin 

(figs. 12, 13, 37) .......... 2 

Wings with two Anal veins (figs. 14-21 .... 5 

2 Wings with five branches of Radius (figs. 

12, 22) ......... TANYDERIDAE 

Wings with fewer than five branches of Radius 

3 

reaching the margin (figs. 13, 23, 37, 38) ... 3 

Radius +branched; vein RZ present, lying far distad 

nemr tip of RI (figs. 13, 23) . PTYCHOPTERIDAE 

Radius 3-branched; vein RZ lacking (figs. 37, 38) . 4 

4 Media 3-branched (fig. 37); wings with abundant 

macrotrichia in cells beyond cord . ANISOPODIDAE 

Media 4-branched (fig. 38); a supemumerary crossvein 

between the radial branches, macrotrichia in 

stigma and extreme outer wing cells 

PACJXYNEURIDAE 

(Extraliiital: Crampfomrnyia Alexander-Oregon) 

5 Three ocelli present; no V-shaped sutum on thoracic 

dorsum; wings (fig. 14) with vein 2nd A short, 

numerous records were available, in most cases five 

or more. 

Finally, every heartfelt thanks and appreciation to 

my dear wife, Mabel Marguerite Alexander, coauthor 

in the present and other studies. Without her constant 

help and never failing inspiration, very little could 

have been accomplished in carrying through my life 

work on the crane flies of the world. 

SOURCES OF MATERIALS 

The abbreviations below are used throughout the text 

to indicate type depositories and the present location 

of material seen in this study: 

American Museum of Natural History, New York, 

New York ........... (AM”) 

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 

Pennsylvania ........... (ANSP) 

British Museum (Natural History), London, England. (BM) 

California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, 

California ............. (CAS) 

California Insect Survey, University of 

California, Berkdey ......... (CIS) 

CanadianNational Collection,Ottawa ..... (CNC) 

Charles P. Alerandem, Amherst, Massachusetts ... (CPA) 

hell University, Ithaca, New York 

..... (CU) 

C. D. Hynes, San Louis Obispo, California .... (HC) 

Hastings Reservation, Monterey County, California. . (HR) 

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 

Cambridge, Massachusetts 

....... (MCZ) 

San Jose State College, San Jwe, California ... (SJS) 

University of California, Davis, Caliifomia .... (UCD) 

University of California, Riverside, California ... (UCR) 

University of Kansas, Lswrence, Kansas ..... (UK) 

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan ...(UM) 

United States National Museum, Washington, D.C. (USNM) 

Washington State University, pullmen, Washington . (WSU) 

TREATMENT 

usually very short and incurved to the margin; 

antennae long and hairliie . .. TRICHOCERIDAE 

Ocelli lacking; thoracic dorsum with a V-shaped impression 

or suture between the mewnotal praescutum 

and scutum; wing (6gs. 15-21) with both 

Anal veins long; antennae usually short, if elongate 

(Hexatoma) not hairlike and the body size large 

TIPULIDAE 

SUBAPTEROUS SPECIES 

In the local fauna a number of species of Tipulidae 

have the wings reduced in size, accompanied by distortion 

of the venation. In the extreme case (Eriopterini: 

Chionea) the wings are reduced to microscopic 

rudiments so that the insect appears to be wingless. 

Other local species have the wings less reduced, in 

many cases producing a stenoptemus condition where 

the wing is almost normal in length but very MITOW 

and in other instances more brachypterous, with the


wing outline appearing short and broad (Bezzi, 1916). 

In California, reduction in wing size occurs particularly 

in the large-sized flies belonging to the genus 

TipuJa, including several representatives in the subgenera 

SerratipuJa and TripJicitipula, as is discussed 

under these groups. It also is found in a few local 

species in the tribe Pediciini. In the Eriopterini, the 

condition in Chionea has been mentioned above. The 

remaining tribes in North America, the Limoniini and 

Hexatomini, have a few representatives with reduced 

wings elsewhere in the country but none in the local 

fauna as presently known. The following key wilI be 

of assistance in determining these local subapterous 

species. 

1 Body size large, the length commonly more than 10 

mm, smallest in Tipula (Triplicitipula) quaylii, 

where the male is about 5 mm and the female 

6 to 7 mm in length; head with the front produced 

into a short to longer prolongation; maxillary palpi 

with the fourth or terminal segment commonly long, 

exceeding the combined second and third segments; 

2 

eyes glabrous . . . Tipda: subgenera Pterelachisus, 

(Tipuliiae) 

Serratipula, Triplicitipula 

Body size small, the length commonly less than 5 mm, 

the only larger regional species being Pedicia: Tricyplrona; 

eyes in Pediciini with erect setae between 

the ommatidia; maxillary palpi with terminal segment 

short; head with the front short and inconspicuous 

. . . (Limoniinae) . . . . 2 

Eyes glabrous; legs without tibial spurs; wings reduced 

to microscopic rudlnants; small brown insects with 

hairy legs, superficially resembling spiders; adult 

in the colder months, commonly found walking on 

snow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chionea 

( Eriopterini ) 

Eyes with sparse short erect setae between the 

ommatidia to appear hairy; legs with tibial spurs; 

wings larger, stenopterous, three or more times as 

long as broad . . . . . . . Pedicia: Tricyplrona 

(Pediciini) 

Dicranota. PIectmmyia 

FAMILY TANYDERIDAE 

Alexander, C. P.,in Stone, Sabrosky, Wid, Fmte, and Coulson, 

1965, A CataIog of Diptera of America North of 

Mexico, p. 90. 

The family Tanyderidae includes 33 described 

species arranged in ten genera, occurring in all major 

biotic regions. The only genus in California is Protanyderus 

Handlirsch, with two species known from 

the state. The immature stages have been discussed 

by Rose (1963) and by Knight (1963, 1964). 

Genus Protanyderus Handlirsch 

Protanyderus Handlizsch, 1909, Wieu, K. Naturhist Hof-Mus. 

Ann. 23:267, 270. 

Besides the three regional species, seven others 

occur in eastern and central Asia. 

KEY TO THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF 

PROTANYDERUS 

1 Size very small, wings narrow, in 8 6.3 x 1.2 mm; 

darkened wing pattern not forming crossbands, 

costal cell uniformly pale brown, the radial cells 

extensively darkened . . . . vanduzeei (Alexander) 

Size larger, wings of normal breadth, comm~nly 8 

mm or more in length; brown bands crossing wing 

at cord and at outer end of cell 1st Mn; costal cell 

whitened, variegated by brown spots . . . . 2 

2 Size medium, wing of 8 about 8 mm; wings with 

bases of cells R and M darkened, the area continued 

posteriorly to the anal angle; darkened band 

at cord nearly transverse, ending at the Anal vein; 

veins scattered with brown dots (Utah Report, p. 

13, fig, 1) . . . . . . . . margarita Alexander 

(Extralimital: Oregon, Washington) 

Size large, wing of 8 over 10 mm; wings (figs. 12, 

22) with bases of cells R and M not or only 

slightly darkened; darkened band at cord oblique, 

ending at midlength of cell A; interpolated brown 

dots restricted to the cells . . vipio (Osten Sacken) 

Protanyderus vanduzeei (Alexander) 

Protoplasa vanduze& Alexander, 1918, Ent News 29:285-286. 

Protanydems vanduzeei Williams, 1933, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 

41, fig. 30 (wing). Holotype 8; Los Cerritos, county 

unknown, Cali. (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Knm only from California. 

Califom*ia zecord.--County unknown; Lw Cerritos, III-14-15 

(M. C. Van bee, CPA); type. 

Protanyderus vipio (Osten Sacken) 

(Figs. 12, 22; Map 1) 

Map 1. Locality records in California for Protanyderus vipio 

(Osten Sacken) (circles).

Protoplasta vipio Osten Sacken, 1877. U. S. Geol. and Geog. 

Survey of the Ter., Bul. 3:208. 

Protanydems vipio Williams, 1933, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 41, 

fig. 32 (wing). Holotype 8 ; San Mateo Creek, San Francisco, 

San Francisco County, Cali. (MCZ). 

Geographic range.aifornia, Oregon. 

California records.-L~~~ Co.: Cache Creek, 2 m. NE of 

Lower Iake, V-10-26 (M. C. Van DUE-, CPA). MARIN Co.: 

Lagunitas 111-21-25 (H. H. Keifer, CAS). M0-y CO.: 

Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, IV-30-49 (J. 

Lmsdale, HR). SAN MATXI Co.: San Mateo Creek, IV-9- 

1876 (Osten Sackm, MCZ); type. SANTA CLlUu CO: Stevens 

Creek, IV-2&51 (W. C. Day, CPA). SmA Cmz CO.: Waddell 

Creek, V-19-51 (W. C. Day, CPA). TgWm CO.: Mill 

Creek, a tributary of the Sacramento River near Los Molinos, 

larva, V-1961 (J. H. Rose). (Rose, 1963). 

FAMILY PTYCHOPTERIDAE 

Alexander, C. P., in Stone, Sabmsky, Wirth, Foote, and Coulson, 

1965, A Catalog of Diptera of America North of 

Mexico, pp. 97-98. 

The family Ptychopteridae includes about 60 

described species distributed in three genera, all being 

represented in California. Elsewhere the family occurs 

in all biotic regions excepting the Australasian and 

Neotropical. The immature stages are well known 

(Alexander, 1920). 

KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF 

PTYCHOPTERIDAE 

1 Antennae with 20 or more segments; wings (figs. 24, 

25) with cell MI lacking; legs banded with black 

and white .............. 2 

(Subfamily Bittacomorphinae) 

Antennae 16-segmented; wings (figs. 13, 23) with 

cell MI present; legs not patterned with white . 

PTYCHOPTERA Meigen 5 

(Subfamily Ptychopterinae) 

2 Sparse macrotrichia in outer wing cells; basitarsi not 

dilated; antennae 22-segmented ...... 

BI'M'ACOMORPHELLA Alexander 3 

No macrotrichia in wing cells; basitarsi of all legs 

dilated; antennae 21-segmented ...... 

BITTACOMORPHA Westwood 

Oocidentdis Aldrich 

3 Male hypopygium (fig. 31) with major arms of tergite 

unusually glabrous, with a few setae on outer third; 

each outer angle of tergal plate pruduced into a 

narrow blade; dististyle bearing a slender basal 

lobe; interbase a long slender curved hook (Washington 

Report, p. 273, fig. 1) . fenderiana Alexander 

(Extralimital: Oregon) 

Male hypopygium (figs. 32, 33) with major arms of 

tergite with abundant setae throughout their length; 

outer angles of tergal plate not produced; dististyle 

simple; interbase generally straight ..... 4 

4 Male hypopygium (fig. 32) with lateral tergal arms 

relatively slender; blackened armature of phallosome 

stout, tip obtuse .... pacifica Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 33) with lateral tergal arms 

stouter, especially at bases; blackened armature of 

phallosome a long, straight spike sackenii (von RSder) 


5 Mesonotum obscure yellow, the praescutum and 

scutum conspicuously patterned with polished 

black posterior sclerites of notum and the pleura 

chiefly or entirely yellowed; male hypopygium 

large, the tergite and dististyles elongate, each 

tergal lobe very long and slender, with a short spur 

on ventral margin at near midlmgth .... 

sculleni Alexander 

Mesonotal praescutum and scutum black, pleura gray; 

male hypopygium with tergal lobes relatively short 

(figs. 26-30) ............. 6 

6 Mesonotum intensely polished black .... 7 

Mesonotum more opaque black ....... 8 

7 Male hypopygium (fig. 29) with each tergal arm 

terminating in three lobes, the intermediate one 

elongate, clavate; -&tistyle with two lobes additional 

to the pale pendant appendage; spine of 

basal lobe short. ..... monoensis Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 30) with each tergal arm 

with two lobes, the mesal one more slender; dististyle 

with three lobee additional to the pale pendant 

appendage; spine of basal lobe elongate .... 

townesi Alexander 

8 Male hypopygium (fig. 26) with outer lobe of tergal 

ann bearing a nearly terminal black spur that projects 

beyond the apex; subterminal lobe slender, 

mumwedoutwardly ...... byemiAlexander 

Male hypopygium with outer lobe of tergal arm 

stouter, the blackened spur mall, subterminal, not 

reaching the apex; subterminal lobe stouter ... 9 

9 

Male hypopygium (fig. 27) with subterminal lobe of 

tergal arm relatively nam, the length greater 

than breadth at base .... ~N'S Osten Sacken 

Male hypopygium (fig. 28) with subterminal lobe 

broader than long, the outer end slightly produced 

........... minor Alexander 

Genus Bittacomorpha Westwood 

Bittacornorpha Westwood, 1835, London and Edinb. Phil. Mag. 

and Jour. Sci. 6:281. 

Besides the regional species, the genus includes only 

the eastern Nearctic B. clavipes (Fabricius) occurring 

as far west as Utah and eastern Arizona. 

Bittacomorpha midentalis Aldrich 

(Fig. 25; Map 2) 

Bittacomorpha oocidentafis Aldrich, 1895, Psyche 7:201. Holotype 

8 ; Washington (USNM). 

Geographic range.-California, Oregon, Washington. 

California records.-HUMBOLDT Co.: Eureka V-22-03, VI- 

3-03 (H. S. Barber, (USNM). Fieldbrook, V-18-03 (H. S. 

Barber, USNM). LASSEN CO.: Susan River Camp, VII-1049 

(A. T. McClay, UCD). SHASTA CO.: Lassen Volcanic National 

Park, Hat Lake, 6450 feet, VII-23-50 (C. P. Alexander and 

P. H. Arnaud, CPA); VIII4/9-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); 

Hat Creek, base of Reading Mountain between Hat Lake 

and Paradise Meadow, 7020 feet, VIII-7-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA); Reflection Lake, 5880 feet, VII-23-50 (C. P. 

Alexander, P. H. Arnaud, and L. M. Quate, CPA). Whitmore, 

Killark P. H., 3000 feet, V-1349 (H. P. Chandler, CAS). 

TEHAMA CO.: near Lassen Volcanic National Park, VI-15-59 

(G. W. Byers, UK) .


9:230. Holotype 8 ; (Sierra) Nevada, presumably in western 

Nevada. Type location nut known. 

Geographic range..--california, Nevada. 

California record~.--FRes~~ Co.: Sequoia National Forest, 

Hume Lake, 5300 feet, VI-20-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

MARIPOSA CO.: Yosemite National Park, Yosemite Valley, fish 

hatchcay, 4000 feet, VII-23-46; Mariposa Grove, VII-22-46 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA); 2 m. WE of Mariposa Grove, 7000 

feet, VII-21-46 (H. P. Chandler, CAS). .IcuLARE Co.: Sequoia 

National Park, Dorst Camp, in dense rhododendron thickets, 

VII-19-46, VII-5-50 (C. P. AI-&, CPA). 

Genus Ptychoptera Meigen 

Liriope Meigen, 1800, Nouv. Class. Mouch. 1800:14 (nom. 

nud) . 

Ptyclloptera Meigen, 1803, Illiger's Mag. 2:262. 

Ptychoptera includes approximately 50 species, 

occurring throughout the entire range of the family. 

Map 2. Locality records in California for BittacomorpheZIa 

pacifica Alexander (squares), B. sackenii (von Rader) (circles), 

and Bittacomorpha oocidentalis Aldrich (triangles). 

Genus Bittacomorphella Alexander 

BittacomorpheZZa Alexander, 1916, Aced Nat Sd. Phila. Proc. 

68: 545. 

In addition to the three local species there also is 

the genotype, Bittawmorphella jonesi (Johnson) of 

eastern North America, and three species in eastern 

Asia. 

Bittacomorphella pacifica Alexander 

(Fig. 32; Map 2) 

BittacomorpheZh pacifica Alexander, 1958, Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 

Bul. 53:49-50. Holotype 8; Mount Rainier, Wash. (CPA). 

Geographic ran$e.-Califomia, Oregon, Washington. 

California recorda.-DEL NO= CO.: State Line Creek, 

border California-Oregon on Highway 199, VII-27-58 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). MARIN Co.: Alpine Lake, V-18-58 (D. C. 

Rentz, CAS). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Waddell Creek, IV-5-30 

(F. Bianchi, CAS). SHASTA CO.: Castle Crags State Park, in 

Darlingfonia bog, 3000 feet, VI1443 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA); VII-6/8-53, VII-30-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Lassen Volcanic National Park, Hat Lake, 6450 feet, VIII-8, 

9-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Smuyou Co.: Mount Shasta 

City, VI-18-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). SONOMA CO.: Glen 

Ella, IV-29-50 (H. B. Leech, CAS). 

Bitfawmorphella sackenii (von Rader) 

(Figs. 24, 33; Map 2) 

Biftacornorpha SacRenii (von Roder), 1890, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 

Map 3. Locality records in California for Ptycbptera byersi 

Alexander (triangle) and P. 1em.s Osten Sackem (circles). 

Ptychoptera byersi Alexander 

(Fig. 26; Map 3) 

Ptychoptera byersi Alexander, 1966, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 

92:lW. 105. Holotype 8; Mount Shasta City, Siskiyou 

County, Calif. (UK). 

Geographic range.-Known only from California. 

California record;s1~OU CO.: Mount Shasta City, VI- 

18-59; type. (G. W. Byers and party, UK). 

Ptychoptera lenis &ten Sacken 

(Figs. 23, 27; Map 3)

," 


Pfychopkra Zenis Osten Sacken, 1877, U. S. Geol. and Geog. 


Syntypes 18, 29; YoSemite Valley, Mariposa County, 

Calif. (MCZ). 

Geographic range.-British Columbia; California, Oregon, 

Washington. 

California record~.-E~ DORAW Co.: Fallen Leaf Lake, 

VI-22-16 (A. C. Browne, Doane Coll., CAS). FRBSNO CO.: 

Huntington Lake, 7000 feet, V11-7/9-19 (E. P. Van kee, 

CAS). MARIN Co.: Fort Cronkhite, 111-3-62 (C. A. Toschi, 

CIS). Ross, IV-28-18 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). MARIPOW 

Co.: Yosemite National Park, Yosemite Valley, VI-5-1876 

(Osten Sacken, MCZ); types. MONTEREY Co.: Pacific Grove, 

June (W. H. Mm, CAS). NEVADA CO.: Truckee, VII-7-27 

(E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). SAN FRANCI~C~ Co.: San Francisco, 

X-4-06 (CPA). SAN LUIS Omw Co.: Ow Flako Lake, 

VI-13-59 (R. W. Spore, UCD). TRINITY Co.: canville, VI- 

1913 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS). 

, ~ 

--__ . 

YI ", ,I ,u ,,, C I m I*. 

CPA). MADERA CO.: Bass Lake, 3000 feet, VII-1-46 (H. P. 

Chandler, CAS). MONTEREY CO.: Monterey, VII-22-1896 

(CPA), type; Pacific Grove, June (W. H. Mann, Doane Coll., 

CAS.) NEVADA Co.: Sagehen Creek near Hobart Mills, VI- 

25-54 (J. A. Powell, CIS). PLACER Co.: Deerpark, 6200 feet, 

VII-17-09 (R. W. Doane, CAS). PLUMAS CO.: Twain, VIII- 

24-39 (M. A. Cazier, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: San 

Bemardino Mountains, Mountain Home, VII-16-21 (F. R. 

Cole, CIS). SAN FRANCISCO CO.: San Francisco, sand dunes, 

1V-9-22 (C L. Fox, CAS). SHASTA Co.: Lassen Volcanic 

National Park, Hat Creek, base of Reading Mountain between 

Hat Lake and Paradise Meadow, 7020 feet, VIII-7-58; Hat 

Lake, 6450 feet, VII-29-59 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SIERRA 

CO.: 4.8 mi, SE of Sierraville, VI-14-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). 

Y 

-.""I.- 

1 

~ ," A ", Y .I ,. 3s. I. >- I.. 

Map 4. Locality records in California for Ptychoptera minor 

Alexander (circles). 

Ptychoptera minor Alexander 

(Fig. 28; Map 4) 

Ptychoptera minor Alexander, 1920, Ent. News 31:3-4. 

Holotype 9; Monterey, Monterey County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.&lifornia, Idaho. 

California records.-CALAVERAS CO.: Mokelumne Hill, v- 

31-31 (R. L. Usinger, CIS). INYO CO.: Middle Fork of Bishop 

Creek, Intake Camp, 8000 feet, VII-8-57 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA); Big Pine Creek, Glacier Lodge, 7800 feet, VII-10-57; 

trail to Palisade Glacier, 9000 feet, VII-11-57 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). KERN Co.: Greenhorn Mountains, Tributary 

"A," Cedar Creek locale, IV-18-62 (R. E. Bellamy, 5134, 

Map 5. Locality recorda in California for Ptychoptera monoensis 

Alexander (triangles), P. scdZeni Alexander (circles), and 

P. towk Alexander (squares). 

Ptychoptera monoensis Alexander 

(Fig. 29; Map 5) 

Ptychoptera monoensis Alexander, 1947, Brooklyn Ent. SOC. 

Bul. 42 : 20-2 1. 

Holotype $; Coleville, Slinker Canyon, Mono County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California record.-MONO CO.: Coleville, Slinker Canyon, 

V-28-39 (T.H.G. Aitken and M. A. Cazier, CPA); type. 

Ptychoptera sculleni Alexander 

(Fig. 13; Map 5) 

Ptychoptera sculleni Alexander, 1943, Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Bul. 

38 : 39-41. 

Holotype 8; Elbe, Washington (CPA).


Geographic range.--California, Oregon, Washington. 

California records.-DEL NORTE CO.: 26.5 mi. NE of Crescent 

City, VI-22-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). State Line Creek, 

border California-Oregon on Highway 199, VIII-9-48 (C. P. 

Alexander and K. M. Fender, CPA). HUMBOLDT CO.: Orick, 

VI-21-35 (A. L. Melander, CPA). Prairie Creek State Park, 

VIII-10-48 (C. P. Alexander and K. M. Fender, CPA). 

SHASTA CO.: Castle Crags State Park, 2100 feet, VIII-13-48, 

VII-27-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Hatchet Pass, near 

Burney, 4100 feet, VII-25-59 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

SISKIYOU CO.: Mount Shasta City, VI-18-59 (G. W. Byers, 

UK). 

Ptychoptera townesi Alexander 

(Fig. 30; Map 5) 

Ptychoptera townesi Alexander, 1943, Brooklyn Ent. SOC. Bul. 

38~37-38. 

Holotype 8; Elbe, Washington (CPA). 


California -~s.-SAN MATBO CO.: Portola State Park, 

V-7-50 (P. H. Arnaud and H. B. k h , CAS). SANTA CRUZ 

CO.: 2 mi. N of Scott's Valley on Glenwood Road along Bean 

Creek, V-8-64 (T. L. Erwin, CPA). SONOMA Co.: 4 mi. W 

of Plantation, V-1-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). TEHAhlIA (3.: near 

Lassen Volcanic National Park, VI-15-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). 

FAMILY TRICHOCERIDAE 

Alexander, C. P., in Stone, Sabrosky, Wirth, Foote, and Coulson, 


Mexico, pp. 15, 16. 

The family includes the so-called winter crane flies 

with most species being adult during the colder 

months. All three of the Nearctic genera occur in the 

state. All regional species are fully winged, the only 

known subapterous genus and species being the 

Japanese Kawasemyia imanishii (Tokunaga) where 

the female sex is nearly wingless. 

3 Abdomen annulated, the segments obscure yellow, 

their posterior borders brown ... annulata Meigen 

Abdominal segments uniformly brown ..... 4 

4 Wings with a faintly darkened cloud over the r-rn 

crossvein ............... 5 

Wings unpatterned, except for the stigma when 

indicated .............. 6 

Male hypopygium (fig. 39) with dististyle complex, 

5 

bearing lobes on outer half; gonapophyses appearing 

as powerful blades ..... colei Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 41) with dististyle relatively 

simple, with a conspicuous flattened blade on mesal 

face near base ...... garretti Alexander 

6 Male hypopygium (fig. 42) with dististyle bearing 

a small glabrous blade or setiferous tubercle on 

mesal face near base ......... 7 

Male hypopygium (figs. 40, 43) unarmed .... 8 

7 Male hypopygium (fig. 42) with dististyle relatively 

short, subequal to or shorter than the basistyle, 

with a small setiferous tubercle . pellens Alexander 

Male hypopygium with dististyle elongate, exceeding 

the basistyle, near base with a small glabrous flattened 

blade (Washington Report, p. 275, fig. 3) 

hydoptera Alexander 

KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES 

OF TRICHOCERIDAE 

1 Tarsi with first segment (basitarsus) very short, 

about oneeighth as long as the second; wings (fig. 

35) with m-cu on vein M4 some distance beyond 

origin; basal section of vein Ma oblique in position 

PARACLADURA Brunetti 

trichptera (Osten Sacken) 

Tarsi with first segment longer than the second; 

wings (figs. 34, 36) with m-cu close to the fork 

of M 3t4; basal section of vein M 8 transverse or 

suboblique .............. 2 

2 Wings (fig 34) with vein 2nd A subsiinwus, not 

curved evenly into the margin; eyes glabrous; 

tibial spurs lacking; ovipositor (fig. 44) with cerci 

short-oval, fleshy ..... DIAZOSMA Bergroth 

subsinuatum Alexander 

Wings (fig. 36) with vein 2nd A short, curved gently 

to margin; eyes with setae between the ommatidia; 

tibial spurs present; ovipositor (fig. 46) with cerci 

elongate, sclerotized, the curvature downward . . 

TRICHOCERA Meigen 3 

Map 6. Locality records in California for Diarosma subsinuaturn 

(Alexander) (squares) and Paracladma trihptera (Osten 

Sacken) (circles). 

8 Male hypopygium (fig. 43) with the phallosorne a 

depressed-flattened central plate, the outer lateral 

angles produced into short hornlike gonapophyses; 

trichia of wing veins long and conspicuous ... 

setosivena Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 40) with gonapophyses divergent, 

long and slender, united only at their bases;

trichia of wing veins shortea and relatively inconspicuous 

. . . . . . . columbiana Alexander 

Genus Diazosma Bergroth 

Diazosma Bergroth, 1913, Ann. and Mag. Nat Hist, ser. 8, 

11: 583. 

Diazosma subsinuatum (Alexander) 

(Figs. 34,44; Map 6) 

Trichocera (Diazosma) subsimrata Alexander, 1916, N. Y. Ent. 

SOC. Jour. 24:124-125, fig. 10 (ven.). 

Holotype 8 ; Hall Valley, Platte Canon, Colorado (CPA). 

Geographic range.--(=alifornia, northern United States and 

Canada. 

California records.-H~~a~~~T CO.: Prairie Creek State 

Park, VII-3046, VIII-!3-l8, VIII-2-50 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). NAPA CO.: Clay Cave, XI-26-59 (R. E. Graham, 

AMNH). PLUMAS CO.: Kloppenberg Cave, IX-19-59, X-17- 

59 (R. E. Graham, AMNH). SANTA CLARA Co.: Stanford 

University (R. W. Doane, CAS). SHASTA CO.: Hatchet Pass, 

near Burney, 4100 feet, VII-28-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Lassen Volcanic National Park, Upper Kings Creek Meadows, 

7400 feet, dead in spider web, VII-24-50 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Subway Cave, 1x4-59 (R. E. Graham, AMNH). 

TRINITY CO.: Hall City Cave, VIII-1959 (R. de Saussure, 

AMNH); VIII-25-63 (R E. Graham, AM"). TuLARE Co.: 

Sequoia National Park, Log Meadow, in hollows of fallen conifers 

including Sequoia, VII-2046 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Genus Paracladura Brunetti 

Paradadura Brunetti, 1911, Indian Mus. Rec. 6:286-288. 

Paracladura frichoptera (Osten Sacken) 

(Figs. 35,45; Map 6) 

Trichocera trichopfeza Osten Sacken, 1877, U. S. Geol. and 

Geog. Survey of the Ter., Bul. 3 (2) :204. 

Holotype Q ; Lagunitas Creek, Marin County, Calif. (MCZ). 

Geographic range.-British Columbm; California, Oregon, 

Washington. 

California recordtj.-AI.AMEDA Co.: Berkeley, X-26-19 

(F. R. Cole, CIS); 111-1949 (L W. Quate, CIS). Berkeley 

Hills, 111-2248 (CPA). Berkeley, Strawberry Canyon, 1-10- 

62 (J. A. Powell, CIS). DEL NORTB CO.: Klamath, VIII-1-48 

(R. W. Coleman, CPA). HUMBOLDT CO.: without further data, 

X-3-65 (D. G. Denning, CPA). Prairie Creek State Park, 

VII-30,31-45, VIII-11-48 (C. P. Alexander and K. M. 

Fender, CPA). MARIN Co.: Inverness, 111-3149 (L. W. 

Quate, CIS). Lagunitas Creek, IV-15-1876 (Osten Sacken, 

MCZ); typec Mill Valley, 111-25-26 (M. C. Van Duzee, 

CPA); XI-20-50 (H. B. Leech, CAS, CPA). Muir Woods, 

XI-7-65 (D. G. Denning, CPA). SAN MATgo Co.: Skyline 

Boulevard near Old La Honda Road crossing, in redwood 

forest, about lo00 feet, 111-27-64, IV-23-64 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Corte Madera Creek, 11-19-06 (R. W. Doane, CAS). 

SANTA CLARA CO.: Stanford University, 1-1946 (R. W. 

Doane, CAS); 1-1144 (C. D. Duncan, SJS). SANTA CRUZ 

CO.: Waddell Creek, 1-18, X-10-30 (F. Bianchi, CAS). 

Genus Trichocera Meigen 

Trichocera Meigen, 1803, Illiger's Mag. 2:262. 


Trichocera annulata Meigen 

(Fig. 14; Map 7) 

1 

"I Y I" L" It. 

Y W U 

,. /I ,a. 

Map 7. Locality records in California for Trichra annulata 

Meigen (circles) and T. cofumbiana Alexander (squares). 

Trichocera annulata Meigen, 1818, Syst Beschr. Zweifl. Ins. 

1:215. 

Types, "Europe," location not known. 

Geographic range.-British Columbm, Newfoundland; Alaska, 

California, New Jersey, Oregon; Europe. Widespread in world 

by commerce and ballast. 

California NXONIS.-ALAMEDA Co.: Berkeley, 11-17-48 

(P. D. Hurd, CIS); Strawberry Canyon, 1-7-62 (C. A. Toschi, 

CIS). CONTRA COSTA CO.: Dandle, 1-31-57. 11-4-57 (F. 

X. Williams, CAS). Walnut Creek (foot of Shell Ridge), XII- 

1-1, 111-18-62, 1-24-63. XI-26-63, 1-16-64, at lights 

(J. A. Powell, CIS). MENUOCINO Co.: Ukiah, 1-24-59, II-23- 

59, 111-2-59 (S. M. Fidel, UCD). MONTEREY Co.: Santa 

Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, 111-15-51, IV-10-51 

(J. Linsdale, CIS, HR). NAPA Co.: 8 mi NW of Napa, V- 

25-58 (R. Augustine, CIS). SAN FRANCISCO Co.: San Francisco, 

XII-27-57 (D. c. Rentz, CAS). SAN MATEO CO.: 

Brisbane, XII-1-49 (R. S. Baal, CIS). Redwood City, 1-16 

46, XII-46, XII-2-52 (P. H. Amaud, CAS, CPA). San 

Bruno, reared from pupae from beneath lawn clippings, 1-10- 

45 (E. F. Cook, CPA). SANTA CLARA CO.: Milpitas, III-10- 

58 (J. W. Tilden, SJS). San Jose XI-28-35, 11-16-40 (G. 

S. Mansfield, SJS); W-5-57 (J. W. Tilden, SJS). Stanford 

University, XI-29-43 (C. D. Duncan, SJS). SONOMA CO.: 

Petaluma, II-8-64 (J. S. Buckett, UCD). 

Trichocera colei Alexander 

(Fig. 39) 

Trichocera colei Alexander, 1919, Canad. Ent 51: 162.

14 Bulletin of the California Insect SuTey 

Holotype 8 ; Forest Grove, Oregon (CPA). 

FAMILY ANISOPODIDAE 

Geographic range.-British Columbia; Alaska, California, 

Alexander, C. P., in Stone, Sabrosky, Wirth, Foote, and Cod- 

Oregon, Washington. 

son, 1965, A Catalog of Diptera of America North of 

California record.-ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley Hills, NE Oak- Mexico, pp. 190-191. 

land, 1400 feet, 11-4-64 (J. A. Powell, CIS). 

Genus Sylvicola Moses Harris 

Trichocera columbiana Alexander 

Sylvicola Moses Harris, 1776, An Exposition of English In- 

(Fig. 40; Map 7) 

sects, Decad 1V:lOO. 

Trichocera columbiana Alexander, 1927, Canad. Ent. 59: 70. Anisopus Meigen, 1803, Illiger's Mag. 2:264. 

Holotype 8 ; Prince Rupert, British Columbia (USNM). Rhyphus Latreille, 1805, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. 14:188. 


Of the four species of the genus presently known 


from North America, only one has been taken in the 

California records.-ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley Hills, NE Oakland, 

11-4-64 (J. A. Powell, CPA). MAR~ Co.: Mill Valley, state, but at least one other is regional. 

1-14-53 (H. B. Leech, CAS). SAN MATEO CO.: Redwood City, 

Sylvicola fenestralis (Scopoli) 

XI-17-57 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). Woodside, IV406 (R. W. 

Doane, CAS). Corte Madera Creek, 11-1906 (R. W. Doane, 

(Fig. 37) 

CAS). SHASTA CO.: Subway Cave, VI-28-60 (R. E. Graham, 

Tipula fenestralis Scopoli, 1763, Ent. Carniol., p. 322. 

AMNH) . 

Anisopus fenestratis Edwards, 1923, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 

Trichocera garretti Alexander 

ser. 9, 12:476. 

Sylvicola fenestralis Alexander, 1965, Cat. Dipt. America North 

(Figs. 36, 41) 

of Mexico, p. 190. 

Trichocera garretti Alexander, 1927, Canad. Ent. 59: 71-72. 

Holotype 8 ; Marysville, British Columbia (CPA). 


Utah, Washington, egstward to Massachusetts. 

California record.-TuLAw CO.: Sequoia National Park, 

VI-5/8-42 (0. Degener, CPA). 

Trichocera hyaloptera Alexander 

Trichocera hyaloptera Alexander, 1949, Amer. Midland Nat. 

42:274-275; fig. 3 (8 hyp.). 

Type 0; Oregon (CPA). 


California record.-California, without exact data. [Probably 

from Waddell Creek, Santa Cruz County, collected by Fred 

Bianchi.] Slide, CAS. 

Trichocera pallens Alexander 

(Figs. 42, 46) 

Trichocera pallens Alexander, 1954, Amer. Midland Nat. 51:25. 

Holotype $; Saddle Mountain, Boyer, Oregon (CPA). 

Geographic range.--Califomia, Oregon. 

California ~ecord.-sANTA CRUZ CO.: Waddell Creek, 1-22- 

30, 11-1-30 (F. Bianchi, CAS). 

Trichocera setosivena Alexander 

(Fig. 43) 

Trichocera setosivena Alexander, 1927, Canad. Ent 59:68-69. 

Holotype 8; Seward, Alaska (USNM). 

Geographic range.-Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington. 

California ~~~~~~~HuMBoLDT 

CO.: Prairie Creek State 

Park, VII-30-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); VIII-10-48 (C. P. 

Alexander and K. M. Fender, CPA). MONT~REV CO.: Santa 

Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, V-846 (J. Lmsdale, 

CIS); Finch Creek, VI-10-48 (J. Linsdale, CPA, CAS). 

Geographic range.--California, northeastern North America; 

Europe. 

California records.-ALAMEDA CO. : Berkeley, Iv-11-64 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). CONTRA COSTA Co.: Mount Diablo, 

IV-26-42 (H. Madsen, CIS). Richmond, IV-12-64 (F. R. 

Cole, CIS). MARIN CO.: Mill Valley, IX-10-48 (H. B. Leech, 

CAS). 

FAMILY PACHYNEURIDAE 

I am including a brief account of the genus Cramptonomyia 

Alexander, a remarkable fly that is regional 

to California and may be expected to occur. The only 

known species is Crampfonomyia spenceri Alexander, 

occurring from British Columbia south to Oregon, 

adult in early spring. The venation is shown (fig. 38). 

The genus shows features both of the families Bibionidae 

and Anisopodidae and had been assigned tentatively 

to both. At present it is placed in the family 

Pachyneuridae, superfamily Bibionoidea, evidently 

being allied to Pachyneura, Axymyia McAtee, and the 

Japanese Haruka Okada. The discovery of the immature 

stages would be helpful in settling its position in 

the proper family. The larva of Axymyia had been 

described by Krogstad (1959) and its larval habitat 

may provide an indication of this for Cramptonomyia. 

FAMILY TPULIDAE 

The following list of my works discusses the scope of 

the family in the Nearctic region in relation to the 

California fauna, and provides numerous references 

to the habitats of the adult and immature stages. 

Both of the major subfamilies, Tipdime and Limoniinae, 

are well represented in the state but, as indi-

cated elsewhere, no member of the small subfamily 

Cylindrotominae has been found in California, 

although two species of Cylindrofoma are regional 

and may occur. 

The crane flies of New York. Part I. Distribution and 

taxonomy of the adult fliea 1919, N. Y. (Cornell) A@. Expt 

Sta. Mem. 25:767-993. 

The crane flies of New York. Part 11. Biology and Phylogeny. 

1920, N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt Sta. Mem. 38:691-1133. 

The Diptera or true flies of Connecticut 1942, Conn. State 

Geol. and Net Hist. Survey, First Fasc., Bul. 64:196486. 

In Stone, Sabrosky, Wirth, Foote, and Coulson, A Catalog of 

the Diptera of America North of M&co, pp. 16-90. 

1 

2 

KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE TIPULIDAE 

Terminal segment of maxillary palpus elongate; nasus 

usually distinct; antennae commonly 13-segmented; 

wings (fig. 15) with SCI usually atrophid, vein 

CUI slightly constricted at mcu, the latter usually 

at or close to fork of Ms+r; body size large (wing 

commonly over 10 mrn, usually much larger) . . 

Terminal segment of maxillary palpus short; no distinct 

nasus; antennae usually with either 14 or 

16 segments, reduced in number in the genus 

Hexatoma and some others; wings (figs. 16-21) 

with Scl present; vein Cu straight, not constricted 

at mar, the latter far More the fork of MS+G 

commonly at or before the fork of M; body size 

small or medium, rarely large (wing commonly 

under 10 mm, usually much smaller) . . . . 2 

Wings with tip of R I+* atrophied, presenting the appearance 

of a long fusion of veins RI and anterior 

branch of Rs back from margin. . . . . . . 


TIPULINAE 

CYLINDROTOMINAE 

(Extralimital; Genus Cyfidrotoma Macquart: Oregon) 

Wings in cases with tip of RI+* atrophied (some 

Limoniini) but not presenting the appearance of 

a long fusion of veins back from margin of vein 

R I, and the anterior branch of Rq the free tip of 

Sc; preserved in many species of Limoniini- 

Lirnonia, Orimarga-lacking in all other local tribes 

(figs. 16, 52-69) 

. . . . . . . LIMONIINAE 

SUBFAMILY TIPULINAE 

Alexander, C. P.,in Stone, Sabrosky, Wirth, Foote, end Coulson, 



The subfamily Tipulinae is the second largest 

group in the family, chiefly because of the vast genus 

Tipula. In California only a few other genera occur 

and all are poorly represented. The immature stages 

commonly are found in wet soil or decaying leaf mold, 

but various other species occur in decaying wood or in 

dry soil in meadows and grasslands. 

KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE TJPULINAE 

With the exception of the genus Tipula, all others 

include a single species, as indicated. 

1 Antennae in male 13-segmented (fig. 7). the flagellar 

segments branched, the intermediate ones each with 

four short branches subequal in length to the 

segment; in female (fig. 8) antennae ll-segmented, 

the flagellar segments strongly protuberant to produce 

a subserrate appearance . . . . . . 

CTENOPHORA Meigen (PHOROCTENIA Coquillett) 

vittata engustipennis Loew 

Antennal segments unbranched, if protuberant (as 

Holorusia, figs. 4, 5) antennae with 13 segments . 2 

2 Antennal flagellar segments without verticils (strong 

setaenearbasesof segments) (6-6. 10) . . . 3 

Antennal flagellar segments with verticils or strong 

setae (figs. 9, 11) . . . . . . . . . . . 4 

3 Antennae with flagellar segments enlarged on basal 

half (fig. 10) TIPULA Linnaeus (ANGAROTIPULA 

Savtchenko) in part 

illustris Doane 

Antennae with flagellar segments gradually expanded 

outwardly to produce a subserrate appearance (%. 

6) . . . . . . . . . . PRIONOCERA Loew 

oregonjca Alexander 

4 Wings (fig. 50) with vein M4 the most basal branch 

of M, followed by a short element M I +rts; cell MI 

5 

sessile or very short-petiolate . NEPHROTOMA Meigen 

wulpia~ Bergroth = occidentdia Doane 

Wings (figs. 47, 51) with M forking into MI+Z and 

Ma+*; cell MI with a petiole, commonly equal to 

or longer than the cell . . . . . . . . . 5 

Body size very large (the largest Californian crane 

fly); wings over 25 mm, in cases nearly to 40 mm; 

wings (fig. 47) with cell RS constricted at near 

midlength by the approximation of veins RS and 

R~+s, the former strongly upturned at nearly twothirds 

its length; cell Rs at margin about two and 

onshalf to three times as extensive as cell R 5; cell 

2nd A extending some distance basad of the arculus; 

antennae (figs. 4, 5) with lower faces of flagellar 

segments slightly protuberant, more strongly so in 

male, without verticils, on upper face with scattered 

setae; terminal three antmnal segments abruptly 

smaller .) 

. . . . . . . . HOLORUSIA Loew 

rubiginose Loew = &dis Bergroth 

Body size smaller; wings very rarely 25 mm in length, 

commonly less than 20 mm; wings (fig. 51) with 

cell R s not evidently constricted at near midlength. 

at margin the cell less than twice as extensive as 

cell Rs; cell 2nd A extending only a short distance 

basad of the arculus; antennae (figs. 10, 11) with 

flagellar segments provided with strong verticils; 

only the terminal segment abruptly smaller . . 

TIPULA Linnaeus in part 

Genus Holorusia Loew 

Holorusia Loew, Dipt her. Sept Ind, Cent IV, 1863, Berlin 

Ent Ztschr. 7:277. 

The type species is Holorusia rubigima, discussed 

herewith. In a recent critical study of Tipuline genera, 

Mr. Richard I. Vane-Wright of England has placed 

the extensive genus Cfenacroscelis Enderlein, 1912, 

with approximately 80 species in the Old World, in 

the synonymy of Holorusia. Conversely, he has re-


ferred the various Neotropical species formerly 

assigned to Holorusia to two essentially Australasian 

genera, Zschnotoma Skuse and Zelandotipula Alexander. 

There are several references to the California 

species in textbooks and other reference works. 

Map 8. Locality records in California for Holorusia rubiginosa 

Loew (circles). 

Holorusia rubiginosa hew 

(Figs. 4, 5, 47; Map 8) 

Holorusia rubigimwa Loew, Dipt her. Sept. Ind, Cent IV, 

1863, Berlin Ent Ztschr. 7:276. 

Synonym.-Tipula grandis Bergmth, 1888, Ent Tidskr. 

9: 140. 

Holotype; ''California" (A. Agassk, MU). 

Geographic range.-British Columbia; Arizona, California, 

Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington. 

California records.-ALAbdEDA CO. : Berkeley, IV-22-1899 

(B. M. Marlatt, CIS); VI-1-52 (R. E. Wagner, CIS); V-l- 

31 (CIS); IV-28-51 (Md)owell, CPA); VI-6-42 (IC S. 

Hagen, CIS). University of California campus, VIII-10-48 (E. 

0. Essig, CIS); IX-2-60 (Svoboda, CIS). El Cerrito, IX-3- 

43 (D. R. Maddock and J. R Fowler, CIS). Mount Diablo, 

V-10-53 (CAS). Mount Diablo, RUSS~XXI~~ Park, IV-9-58 

(D. Burdick, CIS). Orinda, V-23-54 (R. H. Goodwin, CIS). 

CALAVERAS Co.: Mokelumne Hill (F. E. Blaisdell, CAS). 

Shew's Cave, VII-15-62, VIII-21-63 (R E. Graham, 

AM"). C~NTFU COSTA Co.: Berkeley, Tilden Park, V-10- 

59 (J. M. Bernhisel, CIS). Pittsburg, N-27-57 (T. N. 

Seeno). EL Dom Co.: 3 mi. S of Camiio, VI-2348 

(C. D. MacNeill, CAS). China Flat, VI-28-48 (J. W. Mac- 

Swain, CIS). Fallen Leaf Lake, VII-22-15 (E, C. Van Dyke, 

CAS). Snowline Camp, VII-448 (S. A. Sher, CIS). Academy, 

IV-21-56 (R. 0. Schuster, CIS). F-0 Co.: Huntington 

Lake, 7000 feet, VII-8,30-19 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). 

Tollhouse, VI-21-56 (R. 0. Schuster, CIS); along Dry 

Creek, 1950 feet, VI-10-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

HUMBOLDT Co.: Fortune, VII-22-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). INYO Co.: Antelope Spring, VIII-24-40 (D. Q- 

Cavagnaro, CIS); VI-16-61 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). Big Pine, 

VIII-18-38 (E. R. Tinkham, CPA). 5 mi. N of Lone Pine, 

3800 feet, V-15-64 (J. D. Birchim, CPA). Surprise Canyon, 

IV-29-53 (R 0. Schuster, CIS); V-5-61 (P. M. Marsh, 

UCD). Toll House Spring, 4 mi. W of Westgard Pasq VI- 

19-61 (J. A. Powell, CIS). Kmuu CO.: Mill Potrem, VII-6-59 

(C. A. Campbell, CIS). LAKE Co.: Seigler Springs, IX-7-57 

(P. H. Amaud, CAS). LASSEN CO.: Blue Lake, VII-19,20-47 

(T. F. Leigh, CIS). Hallelujah Junction, VII-6-62 (C. A. 

T d , CIS); VI-28-62 (R. M. Bohert, UCD). Los ANGELES 

Co.: Glendale, 111-26-47 (E. I. Schlinger). Los Angeles, 

Griffith Park, V-19-45 (L. Whitelock, CPA). San Dimas, 

V-139 (K Frick, CPA). Tanbark Flat, VI-22-56 (C. D. 

Wiley, CIS).- Co.: Lagunitas (E. H. Nest, CAS). Mill 

Valley, VI-18-49 (T. S. Leech, CAS). -SA CO.: Yose 

mite National Park, YoSemite Valley, VI-16-21 (E. C. Van 

Dyke, CAS); Miami Ranger Station, 4000 feet, 1946 (H. B. 

Chandler, CAS). MENno~mo CO.: 4 mi. E of Hopland, III- 

31-64 (G. B. Hoy and N. C. Knowlea, CPA). Little River, 

VIII-23-50 (J. Linsley, CIS). Potter Valley, VII-29-59 

(UCD). MODOC CO.: Fandango Pass, VII-1446 (P. D. 

Hurd and R. F. Smith, CIS). Modoc National Forest, Davis 

Creek, Valley Camp, 5600 feet, Vm-11-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). MONO Co.: Mono Lake, VI-2749 (J. L. Sperry, 

CPA). MONTBREY CO.: Camel, 11-27-26 (L. S. Slevin, 

CAS). Monterey, VII-1-1896. Pacific Grove, VI-1906 (R. 

W. Doane, CAS). Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, 

VII-29-40, VII-1-42,IX-542, X-2-42, V-23-43, VII- 

18-43 (J. Linsdale, CIS, HR). Los Padres National Forest, 

Salmon Creek, V-2-64 (C. P. Alexander and C. D. Hynes, 

CPA). NAPA Co.: Monticello, VI-6-30 (CIS). NEVADA Co.: 

Donner Pass, 7200 feet, VI-11-47 (K. M. Fender, CPA). 

Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Mills, VII-12-62 (R. J. Gill, 

UCD). Truck-, VI-12-27 (E. P. Van Duzq CAS); VIII-48 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). 7 mi. SE of Tmckee, VI-24-54 (J. 

A. Powell, CIS). ORANGE CO.: Olive, IV-5-65 (Joseph 

Wdcox, CPA). PLACER CO.: Auburn, IV-14-59 (C. H. Laton, 

UCD). 10 mi. E of Auburn, V-5-58 (E. Jam, CIS); V-9- 

59 (T. H. Gantenbein, UCD). Penryn, IV-930 (CIS). Sugar 

Bowl Lodge, VII-26-51 (CAS). RIVERSIDE Co.: Riverside, 

near Fish Creek, 6500 feet, VII-21,22--46 (J. L. Spemy, CPA). 

San Jacinto Mountains, Idyllwild along Strawbemy Creek at 

Camp Emerson, 5300 feet, VI-29-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Lake Fulmore, 5200 feet, VI-29-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

SACRANIENTO CO.: Orangevale, WI-18-58 (P. H. Amaud, 

CAS). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: San Bernardino Mountains, 

Barton Flats, VII-1-36 (CAS); 63300 feet, VII-22,25-53 (L. 

S. Stan-, UCD); Forest Home, VI-14-28 (E. C. Van Dyke, 

CAS); Lake Arrowhead, VII-5-60 (P. E. Paige, UCD); 

Mill Creek Camp, Thunnan Flats picnic area, 3400 feet, V- 

6,2443 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Mill Creek Canyon, VI-l@- 

22 (F. R. Cole, CIS); Sugarloaf Mountain, Cienaga, 7200 

feet, VII-16-46 (C. P. Alexander and J. L. Sperry, CPA). SAN 

DEGO CO.: Borrego, IV-26-55 (R. 0. Schuster, CIS). Cleveland 

National Forest, GtenclifE Campground neQr Buckman 

Springs, along Cottonwood Creek, 3800 feet, IV-13-63 (C. P.


Alexander, CPA). Del Mar, V-1345 (J. A. Comstock, CPA). 

Palomar Mountain, Doane Creek, 4700 feet, W-6-45 (J. A. 

Comstock, CPA); VII-11,1246 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); 

VI-28-63 (T. Bolton, UCD). SAN FRANC~S~O Co.: San 

Francisco, V-28-24 (E. H. Nast, CAS); V-1841 (K. Frick, 

CPA); XI-11-57 (D. C. Rent~, CAS); IV-1940 (CAS), 

SAN MA- Co.: Brisbane, IV-23-49 (R. Counts, CIS). 

Montara, V-1-53 (CAS). Moss Beach, VI-15-52 (CAS). 

SANTA BARBARA Co.: Santa Cruz Island, at Cueva Valdez 

on N shore, IV-18-36 (L. Shapolov, CPA). SANTA CLARA Co.: 

Cupertino, Spring 1931 (D. Williams, SJS). Los Gatos, III- 

18-33 (J. A. Kusche, CAS). Milpitas, IX-21-11 (CAS). 

New Almaden, at black light, IX-22-63 (P. Opler, SJS). 

Palo Alto, IV-1906. San Jose, V-1948 (H. Greenfield, SJS); 

eastern foothills, at black light, IX-25-62 (A. Edwards, SJS). 

Stanford University, 111-2748, IV-1915 (R. W. Doane, 

CAS); IX-24-32, VIII-1943 (C. D. Duncan, SJS). SANTA 

CRUZ CO.: Ben Lomond, VII-2641 (P. H. Amaud, CPA). 

Felton, V-17,18-47 (P. H. Arnaud, CPA). Santa CNZ, VIIE 

31-20 (E. A. Dodge); 111-27, IV-3-61 (R. Brown, CAS). 

SHASTA Co.: Castle Crags State Park, 2100 feet, VII-21/30- 

50, VII-7-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Lassen Volcanic 

National Park, Hat Creek, VII-26,27-48 (L. G. Smith, CIS); 

VIII-2-51, V-2-52, VI-1-62 (G. F. Mi, CAS), Shingle 

town, VI-16-41 (C. W. And-, CIS). SIERRA CO.: Goodyear 

Creek, VII-10-51 (E. H. Nast, CAS). S I ~ OCO.: 

U 

Shasta Springs, VI-10,30-20 (C. L. Fox, CAS). Mount 

Shasta City, VI-21-58 (J. A. Powell, CIS); VI-18-59 (G. 

W. Byers, UK). Weed, N of Mount Shasta, VII4-28 (F. R. 

Cole, CIS). %LAN0 CO.: Green valley Falls, IV-27-41 

(Kenneth Frick, CIS). SONOMA CO.: Geyserville, V-5-?. 

Santa Rosa, IV-10-65 (J. D. Birchm, CPA). Southern part 

of county, IX-7-10. XI-1-10 (J. A. Kusche, CAS). Trinity, 

X-7-37 (N. W. Frazier, CIS). TEHAMA CO.: Lassen National 

Forest, Mineral, 5000 feet, IX-848 (L. Wine); 4900 

feet, IX-15-48 (Schulz, CPA). TRINITY Co.: Trinity National 

Forest, Hayden Flats Guard Station on Trinity River, 1200 

feet, VII-31-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). TULARB Co.: Camp 

Nelson, Nelson, 5000 feet, V-2963 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Sequoia National Park, Giant Forest, Log Meadow, V11-21- 

23 (C. L. Fox, CAS). Three Rivers, along Keweah River, 

V-30-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). T~OLUMNE Co.: Dardanelle, 

VIII-12-57 (D. C. Rentz, CAS). 4 mi. S of Mather, 

Ackerson Meadow, VI-12-61 (J. A. Powell, CIS). Pinecrest, 

VII-12-47 (P. H. Amaud, CPA). Strawberry, V-29-57 (W. 

T. Grites, UCD). YOm CO.: Putah Canyon, IV-30-63 (F. 

D. Parker, UCD). YUBA Co.: Camptonville, VI-28-21 (CIS). 

Genus Prionocera hew 

Prionocera Loew, 1844, Stettin Ent Ztg. 5:170. 

Of the 16 species found in the Nearctic region, only 

one is known to occur in California. 

Prionocera oregonica Alexander 

(Figs. 6, 48; Map 9) 

Prionocera oregonica Alexander, 1943, Canad. Ent. 75: 13-14. 

Holotype 8 ; Aneroid Lake, Blue Mountains, Oregon (CPA). 

Geographic range.-California, 

Oregon, 

California reCOrdS.-s€iASTA CO. : Lassen Volcanic National 

Park, Hat Creek at base of Reading Mountain between Hat 

Lake and Paradise Meadow, 7020 feet, VIII-7-58; Hat Lake, 

6450 feet, VIII-4,9-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

I!?- 

- 

;, ,;, A I" a:. I". L_L--u!L2L4 ,* /" 11. I 

Map 9. Locality records in California for Prionocera oregonica 

Alexander (triangles), Tipula (Angarotipula) illustris Doane 

(squares), and T. (Arctotipula) plutonis Alexander (circles ) . 

Genus Ctenophora Meigen 

Flabellifera Meigen, 1800, Nouv. Class. Mouch., p. 13 (nom. 

nud.). 

Ctemphra Meigen, 1803, Illiger's Mag. 2:263. 

Phoroctenia Coquillett, 1910, U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 37:589. 

Malpighia Enderlein, 1912, Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 32: 18. 

Ctenophora Alexander, 1954, Philippine Jour. Sci. 83: 264-265 

(consideration of the subgenera). 

The local species is the only member of the subfamily 

in the state having branched antennae in the 

male. The immature stages are found in the decaying 

wood of trees, some of these being indicated under 

the species. 

Ctenophora (Phoroctenia) vittata angustipennis Loew 

(Figs. 7, 8, 49; Map 10) 

Ctenophora angustipennis Loew, Dipt. Amer. Sept. Ind., 

Cent. X; 1872, Berlin Ent Ztschr. 16:51. 

Type; California (MCZ). 

Synonym.-Ctenophora sirnilis Williston, 1894, Kans. Univ. 

Quart. 2 : 63-64. 

Holotype 8; Washington (UK). 


Washington. 

California records.-ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley, 111-2041 

(W. H. Lange, CPA); IV-5-50 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS); IV- 

11/21-52 (J. W. Hinerman, CIS); V-17-52 (J. J. Menn,

18 Bulletin of the California Znsecf Survey 

Map 10. Locality records in California for Ctenophora 

(Phoroctenia) vittata angustipennis Loew (circles). 

CIS). Berkeley, Strawberry Canyon, XI-16-63, larvae in 

rotting logs of red alder (Alnus oregona) (A. G. Raske and 

R. Rollins, CIS). Berkeley, Woolsey Canyon, V-1148 (J. W. 

MacSwain, CIS). Mills College, 111-9/12-26 (E. Craig, CAS). 

Oakland, from Querws agrifoliaD 111-27-52 (R 0. Schuster, 

CIS). LAKE Co.: Anderson Springs, III-30-61 (J. S. Buckett, 

UCD) . MARIN CO. : Kentfidd, ?EdyptudJD 111-18-23 (CIS). 

Kent Lake, 11-27-60 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). Lagunitas Creek, 

IV-15-1876 (Osten Sacken, MCZ). Mill Valley, V-14-41 

(D. Q. Cavagnaro, UCD). Mill Valley, Cascade Creek, IV-1- 

50, V-11-52 (H. B. Leech, CAS). Mill Valley, Falls Creek, 

emerged from dead Lithocarpus densiflorus, IV-25-57 (H. B. 

Leech, CAS). Samuel P. Taylor State Park, IV453 (E. S. 

Ross, CAS). San Rafael, II-1935 (C. D. Duncan, SJS). 

MONTEREY CO.: Santa Lucia Mountamq Hastings Reservation, 

IV-19-38 (J. Linsdale, CIS). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Arrowhead 

Lake, VI-3-28 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS). SAN MATEO 

CO.: 2 mi. NE of La Honda, larvae and pupae in well-rotted 

alder, 11-29-64 (J. T. Doyen, CIS). SANTA CLARA Co.: 

Monta Vista, near post office, north side of Stevens Creek, 

in Santa Clara valley, reared from oak log, 111-2944 (T. L. 

Erwin, SJS). Palo Alto, IV-1915 (R. W. Doane, CAS). SANTA 

CRUZ CO.: Santa Cru~, 11-23-29 (E. P. Van DUZ- CAS); 

111-30-61 (R. M. Brown. CAS.) Waddell Creek, 111-8-30, 

IV-5/10-30, V-130 (F. Bianchi, CAS). SHASU Co.: 

Shingletown, VI-2-41 (C. W. Anderson, CIS). SONOMA Co.: 

Healdsburg, Mill Creek, IV-1/15-50 (R. E. Leech, CAS). 

Trinity, IV4-37 (N. W. Frazier, CIS). 

Genus Nephrotoma Meigen 

Pachyrrhina Macquart, 1834, Hist Nat Ins., Dipt 1:88 (variant 

spellings, Pa~hphi~~ Pachyrhyna). 

Nephrofoma is one of the largest genera in the 

Tipuline crane flies, being best developed in the Holarctic, 

Oriental, and Ethiopian regions, with about 40 

species recorded from the Nearctic region and in the 

1965 Catalog of the Diptera. Of these, it appears that 

a single species occurs in California, the prior name 

being wulpiana (Bergroth). This was described from 

a single female specimen taken in Siskiyou County 

by Behrens and has not been recognized in recent 

collections. The later described occidentalis (Doane) 

is abundant in the state and while differing in minor 

details of coloration from Bergroth?s description of 

wulpiana, appears certainly to represent the same 

species and therefore is placed in the synonymy. In 

case future investigations should indicate that two 

distinct species are involved, all records here listed 

should be referred to occidentalis with the single 

exception of Bergroth?s type specimen of wulpiana 

(Siskiyou county, below). A second very distinct 

species, Nephrotorna alfissima (Osten Sacken), is 

western, having been taken in Nevada. It is almost 

entirely black or, in the color form, eryfhrophrys 

(Williston) with the abdomen chiefly orange, the 

hypopygium black. 

1 

Pales Meigen, 1800, Nouv. Class. Mouch., p- 14 (nom. nud.). 

Nephmtoma Meigen, 1803, Illiger?s Mag. 3:262. 

Map 11. Locality records in California for Nephrotoma 

wulpiana (Bergroth) (circles).

Nephrotoma wulpiana (Bergroth) 

(Figs. 9, 50; Map 11) 

Pachyrrhina wulpiana Bergroth, 1888, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 7: 200. 

Holotype 0; Siskiyou County, Calif. (location of type not 

known). 

Synonym.-Pachyrhina occidentalis Doane, 1908, Ent News 

19: 177-178. 

Syntypes 8 9; California and other western states (Stanford 

University, now CAS). 

Geographic range-British Columbia; Arizona, California, 

Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington. 

California records.-ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley, university of 

California campus, IV-6-50 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS); V-5,16- 

58 (D. J. Burdick, CIS); V-16-58 (W. A. Nisbet, CIS). Oakland, 

IV-20-41 (D. A. DeCass, CIS); V-10-50 (L. Bowers, 

CIS). Oakland Hills, XI-1938 (CAS). COLUW Co.: Coluw, 

VIXX-15-55 (R. 0. Schuster, CIS). CONTRA COSTA CO.: 

Moraga, VI-13-65, X-14-65 (D. G. Denning, CPA). Walnut 

Creek, (foot of Shell Ridge), 111-10-63, IX-24/26-63 (J. A. 

Powell, CIS). FRESNO CO.: Lost Lake, 1 mi. W of Friant, 

VIX-1-56 (R. 0. Schuster, CIS). HUMBOW Co.: Big Lagoon, 

VIII-12-63 (J. S. Buckett, UCD). INYO m.: Bishop, 

4500 feet, IV-16-64 (J. D. Birchim, CPA). Camp Manaanar, 

3800 feet, VII-1/6-?5 (J. M. Mayeda, CPA). Independence, 

N fork of Oak Creek above fish hatchery, 5000 feet, VI-27-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA) ; 4000 feet, V-12-64 (J. D. Birchim, 

CPA). Lone Pine, 3800 feet, V-15-64 (J. D. Birchim, CPA). 

Oak Creek fish hatchery, 3950 feet, V-16-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). KERN CO.: Bakersfield, in house, IV-1961 (R. E. 

Bellamy, CPA). Greenhorn Mountains, Tributary '93," Cedar 

Creek, V-15-61 (R. E. Bellamy, 5020, CPA). Kernville, along 

Kern River, V-13-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Los ANGELES 

CO.: Lancaster, in alfalfa field, VII-28-58 (E. I. Schlinger, 

UCR). MARIN CO.: Mill Valley, at light, VIII-19-50 (H. B. 

Leech, CAS). MONO Co.: Coleville, V-27-39 (T. H. G. 

Aitken, CPA). MON'I'EREY CO.: Kirk Creek, WI-10-62 (E. 

I. Schlinger, UCR). ORANGE Co.: Hot Springs Canyon, between 

Capistrano and Elsinore, IV-1-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). RIVERSIDE CO.: Cleveland National Forest, Santa Ana 

Mountains, San Juan Canyon, Upper San Juan Forest Camp, 

1745 feet, V-8-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Riverside, IV- 

13-26 (P. H. Timberlake, CPA). White Water, 111-14-34 

(P. H. Timberlake, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: San 

Bernardino Mountains, Forest Home, 5100 feet, V-9-63 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA); Mill Creek Camp, Thurman Flats picnic 

area, 3400 feet, V-10/26-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Seven 

Oaks, along Santa Ana River, 5000 feet, V-12-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SAN DIEGO CO.: Cleveland National Forest, 

outlet of El Capitan Lake, about 7 mi. E of Lakeside, 700 

feet, IV-12-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Del Mar, IV-18-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). La Jolla, VI-22-63 (R. L. Langston, 

CIS); VII-17,19-63, on Eriogonum fasciculafum, (P. D. 

Hurd, CIS); VI-17-63 (I. H. Pogojeff, UCD). Palomar 

Mountain, Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VIE745 (J. A. Comstock, 

CPA). SAN FRANCISCO CO.: South San Francisco, 111-21-50 

(R. S. Beal, CIS). SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: Atascadero, V-3- 

38 (G. S. Mansfield, SJS). SAN MATEO CO.: Menlo Park, 

IV-18-62 (P. J. Gagen, SJS). Redwood City, 1952 (P. H. 

Arnaud, CPA). SANTA CLARA CO.: Palo Alto (Doane); part 

of type material of occidentalis. San Jose, IV-13-58 (D. 

Burdick, CIS). SHASTA CO.: Castle Crags State Park, along 

Sacramento River, 2000 feet, VII-28-50 (C. P. Alexander, 


CPA). SISKIYOU Co.: Without more exact data (J. Behrens); 

type of wulpiana, location of type specimen unknown. TULARE 

CO.: Camp Nelson, Nelson Creek, 5000 feet, V-29-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Fairview, along Kern River, V-13-63 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). Three Rivers, along Kaweah River, V- 

30-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Tule River at east end of 

Success Lake, V-19-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Genus Tipula Linnaeus 

Tipda Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat Ed. 10:585. 

Tipula is one of the major groups of insects, including 

nearly one-sixth of all known crane flies and, in 

California, nearly 40 percent of the species. The genus 

has been divided into slightly more than 40 subgeneric 

groups, of which 20 are found in the state. 

The most recent listing of the Nearctic subgenera, 

together with a general discussion of the structure of 

the male hypopygium, is included in a paper by the 

author (Alexander, 1965). In the accompanying key 

to the subgenera, the presence or absence of strong 

setae on the squama or axillary lobe of the wing is 

utilized. It has been necessary to use characters of the 

male hypopygium in defining several of the subgeneric 

groups. These and their included species have 

been arranged alphabetically. However, in the large 

and involved subgenus Lunatipula Edwards, where 

20 species groups are recognized, the figures illustrating 

the genitalia are arranged by groups in order to 

facilitate comparison of related species. 

The following subgenera are represented in California 

by single species: Angarotipula, Arctotipula, 

Bellardina, Labiotipula, Lindnerina, Odonatisca, Platytipula, 

Savtshenkia, and Tipulodindes. The subgenera 

Platytipula, Tipula, and Vestiplex are regional. 

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF TIPULA 

Antennal flagellar segments without verticils (fig. 

10); (squama naked) . ANGAROTIPULA Savchenko 

illustris Doane 

Antennal flagellar segments with conspicuous verticils 

(fig. 11) . *... . . . . . . . . . 2 

Outer cells of wing with macrotrichia 3 

No macrotrichia in wing cells . . . . . . . . 5 

Coloration of thorax polished orange or yellow, in 

cases with contrasting black or darkened stripes 

(separate key, p. 27) . HESPEROTIPULA Alexander 

in part 

Coloration of thorax opaque yellow, brown, or gray, 

darkened stripes opaque . . . . , . . . . 4 

Squama of wing naked; male hypopygium with 

posterior border of tergite with a U-shaped or V- 

shaped notch, the lobes with microscopic blackened 

setoid spicules (lacking in gertschi) ; aedeagus 

with penis tube elongate and unusually stout (figs. 

210-225) (separate key, p. 56) . . . . . . 

TRICHOTIPULA Alexander in part 

Squama of wing with setae; male hypopygium with 

posterior border of tergite broadly and very shallow-


5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

ly emarginate, virtually glabrous, without blackened 

spicules; aedeagus with penis tube very slender 

(wings unpatterned; outer basal lobe of inner 

dististyle with a small accessory pale lobule; 

phallosome at base subtended by fleshy lobes) 

(figs. 194-198) (separate key, p. 53) . . . . 

SETITIPULA Alexander 

Tarsi creamy white (wings unpatterned, squama 

setose; male hypopygium with outer dististyle very 

broad, inner style without an outer basal lobe; 

gonapophyses appearing as pale setuliferous blades) 

(fig. 209) 

. . . . TIPULODINODES Alexander 

lacteipes Alexander 

Tarsi darkened . . . . . . . . . , , . . 6 

Squama of wing naked . . . . . . . . . . 7 

Squama of wing with a group of strong setae . . . 18 

Wings with a conspicuous darkened pattern, usually 

marmorate, with alternating pale and brown transverse 

areas; in cases (Yamafotipula) with the darkened 

pattern longitudinally striped . . . . . 8 

Wings without distinct darkened pattern other than 

the stigma . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 16 

Darkened wing pattern longitudinally striped along 

the veins, without transverse darkening in cell M 

(males with sclerites comprising the hypopygium 

fused into a continuous ring) (figs. 243-248) (sepate 

key, p. 67) . . YAMATOTIPULA Matsumura 

Darkened wing pattern including transverse areas 

crossing the basal cells . . . . . . . . . 9 

Darkened wing pattern restricted, without areas at 

arculus or at origin of Rs; Rs short, not greatly 

exceeding m-cu . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 

Darkened wing pattern heavier, including areas in 

cells R and M, least so in Lindnerina; Rs much 

longer than m-cu . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 

Wings yellowed, with pale brown clouds in cell M 

and at end of vein 2nd A; no darkenings in centers 

of outer cells; cell M4 broader, widened at base, 

m-cu about two-thirds M4, M3+4 long, mcu far 

beyond fork of M; (male hypopygium with sclerites 

fused into a nearly continuous ring) . . . . . 

PLATYTIPULA Matsumura in part 

(Extralimital) 

Wings whitened or grayish, with sparse brown clouds 

in outer ends of cells M, Cu, and the Anals, outer 

cells with pale brown central streakq cell MI long 

and narrow, rn-cu about one-half M 4; M 5+4 short, 

with mcu closer to the fork of M (male hypopygium 

with tergite separated by a suture from the 

united sternite and basistyle) (separate key, p. 

56) . . . . TRICHOTIPULA Alexander in part 

Male hypopygium with eighth sternite produced into 

a median flattened plate that terminates in two 

acute spines, with an elongate fleshy lobe on either 

side (fig. 118) 

. . . LINDNERINA Mannheims 

shieldsi Alexander 

Male hypopygium with eighth sternite differently 

constructed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 

Male hypopygium with outer basal lobe of inner 

dististyle produced backward as a taillike extension 

that bears one or more blackened points, usually 

terminating in a pale membranous blade (figs. 73- 

81) (separate key, p. 22) . . . . . . . . 

BERINGOTIPULA Savchenko 


dististyle not as above . . . . . . . . . . 

13 Male hypopygium with basistyle produced into a 

slender erect rod (in tacomicola, the only regional 

species), tergite a concave polished saucer; ovipositor 

of female with cerci powerfully constructed, 

lying - - transversely, -. their outer margins - serrated . 

VESTIPLEX Bezzi 


Male hypopygium with basistyle not so produced; 

margins of cerci of ovipositor smooth . . . . . 14 

14 Male hypopygium with outer basal lobe of inner 

dististyle not a simple setiferous cushion; posterior 

margin of eighth sternite lobed (figs. 182-187) 

(separate key, p. 49) . FTERELACHISUS Rondani 

( Oreomyza olim ) 


dististyle a pale setiferous cushion; posterior margin 

of eighth sternite simple, without lobes and with 

fewsetae . . . . . . . . . . . , . . 15 

15 Male hypopygium with ninth tergite virtually 

glabrous, the margin without spicules; outer 

dististyle a simple pale fleshy lobe; inner style with 

both beak and lower beak large, blackened, obtuse; 

outer basal lobe large and pale with abundant 

strong setae; aedeagus stout (figs. 189-193) 

(separate key, p. 52) . SERRATIPULA Alexander 

Male hypopygium with ninth tergite provided with 

microscopic blackened spinoid setae along margin; 

outer dististyle with a blackened flange on upper 

margin at base, inner style with lower beak reduced 

to obsolete; outer basal lobe a small sessile cushion 

with sparse spinoid setae; aedeagus slender (fig. 

188) . . . , . . . SAVTSHENKIA Mannheims 

graciae Alexander 

16 Antennae of male elongate; male hypopygium with 

eighth sternite produced caudad into a broad pale 

fleshy lobe (fig. 181) . ODONATISCA Savtshenko 

optiva Alexander 

Antennae of male short, male hypopygium with eighth 

sternite without a lobe as described . . . . . 17 

17 Male hypopygium with the tergite and sternite united 

to form a ring; outer dististyle normally dilated, 

its length fully three times the greatest diameter, 

much smaller than the inner dististyle . . . . 

PLATYTIPULA Matsumura in part 


Male hypopygium with the tergite and sternite 

separated by a suture; outer dististyle greatly 

dilated, approximately as long as broad, its area 

exceeding that of the inner style (fig. 71) . . 

ARCTOTIF'ULA Alexander in part 

18 Wings with Rs short, subequal to or shorter than mtu 19 

Wings with Rs longer than rn-cu . . . . . . . 20 

19 Wings with pattern conspicuously marmorate or 

marbled, the outer cells with a whitened marginal 

spot; wing veins unusually glabrous, the branches 

of M without trichia; sue large (wing about 20 

mm); male hypopygium with eighth sternite unarmed; 

outer dististyle forked at tip (fig. 72) . . 

BELLARDINA Edwards 

schizomra Alexander 

Wings with pattern not marmorate, the outer cells 

without whitened marginal spots; wing veins with 

13

macmtrichia, including all outer medial veins; size 

small or medium (wing less than 15 mm); male 

hypopygium with eighth sternite bearing two pale 

blades (fig. 189) (separate key, p. 51) . . . 

SCHUMMELIA Edwards 

20 Male hypopygium with the phallosome distinctive, 

appearing T-shaped or Y-shaped, having a slender 

stem with two divergent arms near apex (figs. 226- 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

242) (separate key, p. 60) . . . . . . . 

TRIPLICITIPULA Alexander 

Male hypopygium with phallosome otherwise . . . 21 

Wings with a conspicuous pattern that is marmorate 

or marbled, the basal cells with alternate dark 

and pale pattern that is more or less zigzag in arrangement; 

where such a pattern is lacking or 

poorly evident (aspersa), all outer veins with a 

conspicuous blackened marginal spot; male hypopygium 

(figs. 198-208) (separate key, p. 54) . . 

SINOTIPULA Alexander 

Wing pattern when heavy and conspicuous not 

marmorateorpattemedasdescribed . . . . . 22 

Male hypopygium with the besistyle produced into 

long powerful arms that exceed the dististyles 

(figs. 103-115, 117) . . . . . . . . . . 23 

Male hypopygium with the basistyle not produced, or 

if so (some Lunafipula) only slightly so and not 

exceeding the dististyles . . . . . . . . . 24 

Arm of the basistyle stout, widened outwardly, the 

tip obtuse (fig. 117); general coloration of body 

brownish gray, opaque . LABIOTIPULA Alexander 

leechi Alexander 

Arm of basistyle slender, more or less twisted, narrowed 

to an acute or subacute tip; general coloration 

of body polished orange or yellow (figs. 98- 

115) (separate key, p. 27) . . . . . . . . 

HESPEROTIPULA Alexander in part 

Male hypopygium with tergite small, with a median 

subtergal lobe or process between and slightly more 

ventral to the lateral lobes; as viewed from above, 

the hypopygium open, the styli visible; outer 

dististyle narrowed outwardly, inner style with the 

outer basal lobe produced directly backward, 

usually strongly constricted at the base (except in 

hdfen) (figs. 82-92) (separate key, p. 25) . . 

EREMOTIPULA Alexander 

Male hypopygium not as above . . . . . . - 25 

General coloration of body polished yellow or orange; 

ovipositor with cerci short and obtuse (fig. 110) 

(separate key, p. 27) . . . . . . . . . . 

HESPEROTIPULA Alexander in part 

General coloration of body not polished yellow or 

orange; if so, ovipositor with alongate cerci 

(fig. 97) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 

26 Wing veins unusually glabrous, M without trichia; 

male hypopygium (fig. 71) with outer dististyle 

large, broad; inner style unusually simple, the lower 

beak and outer basal lobe lacking . . . . . 

ARCTOTIPULA Alexander in part 

plutonis Alexander 

Wing veins with trichia on M; male hypopygium with 

outer dististyle small, inner style more complex, 

either the lower beak or outer basal lobe present, 

usually both (figs. 119-180 (separate key, p. 33) . 

LUNATIPULA Edwards 


Subgenus Angarotipula Savchenko 

Tipula (Angamtipufa) Savchenko, 1961, Fauna U. S. S. R. 

Diptera 11, 3:347-353, figs. 206-213. 

A small group that is chiefly Holarctic in distribution, 

with some further species in the Oriental fauna. 

Tipula (Angarotipula) illustris Doane 

(Figs. 10, 70; Map 9) 

Tipula ilfustris Doane, 1901, N.Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 9:97-98. 

Holotype 8 ; St Anthony, Idaho (WSU). 

Synonym.Jfygeropis fuscipennis Loew, 1865, Dipt Amer. 

Sept Ind, Cent. VI; 1866, Berl. Ent Ztschr. 9:129. 

Geogrephic ran&.-Alberte, British Columbia eastward to 

Manitoba and Quebec; California, Colorado, Washington. 

California reoords.-MO~ CO.: N fork of Pit River, 10 mi. 

S of Davis Creek on Highway 395, VIII-11-58 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SHASTA Co.: Lassen Volcanic National 

Park, Reflection Lake, 5880 feet, VII-23-50 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). SISKIYOU CO.: Grass Lake, VI-18-59 (G. W. Byers, 

m). 

Subgenus Arctotipula Alexander 

Tipula (Arctotipula) Alexander, 1933, Philippine Jour. Sci. 

52:410-411. 

A Holarctic subgenus having about twelve species 

in North America, with a single species presently 

known from California, but with two or possibly 

three others regional. 

Tipula (Arctotipula) plutonis Alexander 

(Fig. 71; Map 9) 

Tipula plutonis Alexander, 1919, Canad. Ent. 51: 197-198. 

Holotype $; Sequoia National Park, Alta Meadow, Tulare 

County, Calif. (CU). 

Synonym-Tipula absaroka Alexander, 1943, Amer. Midland 

Nat. 30:727-729, fig. 4 (8 ven.). Holotype &; 

Twogwotee Pass, Wyoming (CPA). 

Geographic range.-lifomia, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. 

California record~.-I~~~ CO.: Big Pine Creek, along trail 

to Palisade Glacier, 9OOO feet, VII-11-57 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). MARIPOSA CO.: Yosemite National Park, Bridalveil 

Creek, 7000 feet, VI-7-50; 7500 feet, in Camas-Dodecatheon 

meadow, VII-11-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Gaylord Lakes, 

VI-27-36 (B. Brookman, CAS). MONO Co.: Yosemite 

National Park, Ellery Lake east of Tioga Pass, in boggy 

meadow, 9400 feet, VII-4-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

NEVADA CO.: Truckee, VI-25-43 (P. H. Amaud, CPA). 

PLUMAS Co.: Onion Valley, VII-749 (A. T. McClay, UCD). 

SHASTA CO.: Lassen Volcanic National Park, Upper Kings 

Creek Meadows, 7600-8000 feet, swept from beds of Kalrnia, 

VII-6/19-47; at 7400 feet, VI-21-50; a large female captured 

by an asilid By, VII-25-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SISKIYOU 

Co.: Shasta Springs, VI-8-20 (C. L. Fox, CAS). TULARE Co.: 

Sequoia National Park, Crescent Meadows, 7000-9000 feet, 

VI-19/25-29 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS); Dorst Creek, VII-3-50 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA); Giant Forest, Alta Meadow, 9000 

feet, VII-19-07 (J. C. Bradley, CU); type of plqfonis.


Subgenus Bellardina Edwards 

Tipula (Bellardina) Edwards, 1931, Ann. and Mag. Nat Hist. 

ser. 10, 8:82. 

A small group with all known species Neotropical 

or entering the Nearctic region in the southwest, 

including a single representative in California. Various 

other western American species had been referred to 

Bellardina but now seem to be more properly placed 

in Sinotipula Alexander, q. v. 

* ", ." Y 

rn .. ," ,,, .- 111 

1- A A t . 8;. 

- 

;. 

7,. 

U.."lb 

. 8- ,!I 

Map 12. Locality records in California for Tipula (Bellardina) 

schizomera Alexander (circles), T. (Beringotipula) coloradensis 

Doane (triangles), and T. (B.) com~tockiane Alexander 

(squares). 

Tipula (Bellardina) schizomera Alexander 

(Fig. 72; Map 12) 

Tipula (Bellardina) achizornera Alexander, 1940, Eht Soc. 

Amer. Ann. 33:142-144. 

Holotype 8; San Cristobal, Chiapas, Mexico (CPA). 

Geographic rangelArizona, California, Texas, Utah; Mexico. 

California recorda.-Los ANGELES Co.: San Fernando Valley, 

11-28-45 (G. GlU&* CPA). MONTEREY CO.: Luc~, IX- 

13-58 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). RIVER!SDE Co.: Riverside, 1-13- 

34, IV436 (P. H. Timberlake, CPA); XII-2-42, I443 

(Grace and J. L. Sperry, CPA). White Water, X-1045 

(C. Henne, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: San Bemardino 

Mountains, Barton Flats near Fish Creek, 6500 feet, V11-21- 

46 (N. Crickmer and J. L. Sperry, CPA). SAN LUIS OBISPO 

CO.: Poly Canyon, X-19-57 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). 

Subgenus Beringotipula Savchenko 

Tipula (Beringotipula) Savchenko, 1961, Fauna U. S. S. R. 

Diptera 11, 3:471-480, figs. 290-295. 

The small subgenus Beringotipula is widespread in 

the Holarctic region, with virtually all known species 

occurring in North America and with a marked concentration 

in the West. Of the approximately 16 

American species, nine occur in California. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BERINGOTIF'ULA 

1 Male hypopygium (figs. 73, 77, 81) with posterior 

margin of eighth sternite not evidently incised to 

form three distinct lobes, the setal brushes weak . 

Male hypopygium (figs. 74, 75, 76, 78-80) with 

posterior margin of eighth sternite incised to form 

2 

three distinct lobes ........... 4 

Ninth tergite (6gs. 73,81) terminating in two widely 

separated lobes; margin of eighth sternite with central 

setae long, lateral brushes short and inconspicuous; 

wings conspicuously patterned ..... 3 

Ninth tergite (fig. 77) terminating in four approximated 

lobes; margin of eighth sternite without a 

median brush, the lateral pair weak wings only 

vaguely patterned with brown; (inner dhtistyle 

with be& long and slender, dorsal crest without 

a brush of setae) ..... inyoen& Alexander 

3 Tips of gonapophyses expanded (fig. 73) .... 

ooforadet~i8 Doane 

Tips of gonapophysw narrowed to acute curved points 

(fig. 81) ......... newcomepi Doane 

4 Male hypopygium (figs. 79, 80) with setae of dorsal 

crest of her dististyle distributed over the en- 

5 

6 

tirelength .............. 5 

Male hypopygium with a small group or pencil of 

m e on dorsal crest immediately behind the beak 

(figs. 74, 76) or with the crest without major 

setae (figs. 75, 78) .......... 6 

Antennae longer, flagellar segments uniformly black; 

male hypopygium with lateral arm of tergite 

bilobed; inner dististyle with beak slender, upcurved, 

setae of the low dorsal crest long and 

delicate, about twice as long as the height of 

crest; outer basal lobe with the lower blade a 

weakly darkened triangular point; gonapophysis 

very slender, narrower than the aedeagus, terminating 

in a microscopic knob; eighth sternite with the 

median setae long and delicate (Oregon Report, 

p. 31, (fig. 3) ....... dorothea Alexander 

Antennae shorter, flagellar segments black, basal enlargements 

of the more proximal segments pale to 

appear bicolored, male hypopygium (figs. 79, 80) 

with lateral arm of tergite a simple outer spine; 

inner dististyle with beak short and stout, setae 

of the elevated dorsal crest shorter and more 

scattered, about as long as the height of the crest; 

outer basal lobe with lower blade a long slender 

curved spine; gonapophysis broader, sinuous, the 

apex a large knob; eighth stemite with setae 

short .......... rnonoana Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 75, 78) with central area of 

apex of tergite four-pointed, the median area having 

2

7 

two small acute spines; dorsal crest of inner 

dististyle glabrous or virtually so . . . . . . 7 

Male hypopygium (figs. 74, 76) with tergite having 

only the lateral points, the mesal margin of either 

side rounded; dorsal crest of inner dististyle with a 

setal brush or pencil behind the beak . . . . 8 

Hypopygium (fig. 75) with second blade of the outer 

basal lobe of inner dististyle an acute spine, the 

apical blade produced, slander; base of gonapo- 

physis expanded, outer half narrowed, apex small . 

donaldi Alexander 

Hypopygium (fig. 78) with both upper blades of 

outer basal lobe very stout, blackened, suggesting 

in shape and size the beak and lower bealc, the 

apical blade represented only by a small triangular 

point; gonapophysis elongate, base slender, outer 

end dilated, oblique . . . . . . madera Doane 

8 Male hypopygium (%. 76) With median area of 

tergite small, produced into slender lateral arms 

that are separated from the median lobes by a 

rounded emargination; inner dististyle with dorsal 

crest low, the setae reduced to a small pencil; outer 

basal lobe with second blade a long slender spine; 

eighth sternite with lateral lobes shorter than the 

median area, provided with relatively short ydlow 

setae arranged in four pups . . . . fallax Loaw 

Male hypopygium (fig. 74) with medm area of 

tergite larger, the lateral arms not separated by a 

rounded emargination; inn= dististyle with dorsal 

crest higher, with numerous long setae behind the 

beak; outer basal lobe with second blade a small 

feebly sclerotized spine; eighth stdte With all 

lobes conspicuous, the lateral pair larger, all lobes 

with short setae from dense darkened microscopic 

punctures . . . . . . . CoiMtoCkiana Alexander 

Tipula (Beringotipula) wloradensis Doane 

(Fig. 73; Map 12) 

Tipula coloradensis Doane, 1911, Psyche 18:164-165. 

Holotype 8 ; Tabemash, Colorado (CAS). 

Geographic range.-Caliiornia, Colorado, South Dakota, 

Utah, Wyoming. 

Celifornia reconi.-~ONO CO.: White Mountains, Crooked 

Creek, 10,150 feet, 3 airline mi. N of Inyo County line, prey 

of Stempogon engelhardti, VI-28-61 (J. A. Powell, CIS). 

Tipula (Beringotipula) comstockiana Alexander 

(Fig. 74; Map 12) 

Tipula comstockiana Alexander, 1947, South. Calif. Aced Sci. 

Bul. 46:36-38; fig. 1 ( 8). 

Holotype 8; Palomar Mountain, San Diego County, Calif. 

(CPA). 


Celifornia reConls.4m D m Co.: Palomar Mountain, 

Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VII-545 (J. A. Comstock, CPA) ; 

VII-11,12-46 (C. P. Alexander and J. A. Comstock, CPA); 

types. SAN LUIS OarsPo Co.: San Luis Obispo, near Eagle 

Rock, V-31-58 (C. D. Hynes, CF’A). 

Tipula (Berin&tipula) donaldi Alexander 

(Fig. 75; Map 13) 


Map 13. Locality records in California for Tipula (Beringotipula) 

donaldi Alexander (circles), T. (B.) dorothea Alexander 

(triangles), and T. (B.) inyoensis Alemnder (squarei). 

Tipula (Beringotipula) donaldi Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 

7:356-357. 

Holotype 8 ; Hastings ResetVation, Monterey County, Calif. 

(CPA). 

Geographic ran&.-Known only from California. 

Califomie -~s.-EL DORAW CO.: 3 mi. S of Camino, 

VI-23-48 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS); allotype P. MARIN CO.: 

Samuel P. Taylor State Park, V-849 (P. H. Amaud, CAS). 

MENDOCINO Co.: Yorkville, IV-30-24 (E. P. Van bee, 

CAS). MONTERJSY CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings 

Reservation, Finch Creek, V-9-46 (J. Lmsdale, CPA) ; types 

8 9. SONOMA Co.: Glen Ellen IV-29-50 (H. B. Leech, 

CAS); paratype 8. TRINITY Co.: Near DeI Loma, VI-20-59 

(G. W. Byers, UK). 

Tipula (Beringotipula) dorothea Alexander 

(Map 13) 

Tipula (Ommyza) dorothea Alexander, 1954, Amer. Midland 

Nat 51:31-32, fig. 3 ( 8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8; Elk Lake, Oregon (CPA). 

Geographic range.-California, Oregon. 

California reoord.-M~~~ Co.: hvitt Meadow, 7200 feet, 

flight trap, VIII-13-63 (H. B. Leech, CAS). 

Tipula (Beringotipula) fallax Loew 

(Fig. 76; Map 14) 

Tipula fallax Loew, Dipt. Amer. Sept Ind., Cent. IV, 1863, 

Berl. Ent Ztschr. 7:281. 

Lectotype 8 ; “California” (A. Agassiz, MCZ) ; designated 

by Alexander in 1915.


-~~ 

I---A u ,I 8,. I. 

, 

1 

i 

1 

I 

-I-& 

,* a" 

I 

i- 

j_ 

t 

VII-1/6-45 (J. M. Mayeda, CPA); types. MONO CO.: Willow 

Springs, VII-18-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Tipula (Beringotipula) madera Doane 

(Fig. 78; Map 14) 

Tipula madera h e , 1911, Psyche 18:162-163. 

Holotype 8; W e Madera Creek, Stanford University, 

Santa Clara County, Calif. (CAS). 

Geo$raphic range.-Known only from California. 

California re~rds.4~~~~ 

CLARA Co.: Alum Rock Park, 

6 mi. E of San Jose, V-5-39 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). Mount 

Hamilton, 3000 feet, V-19-40 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). Palo 

Alto, @rte Madera Creek (R W. Doane, CAS); types. SANTA 

CRUZ CO.: Ben Lomond, VI-1-45 (L. W. Saylor, CPA). 

Tipula (Beringotipula) monoana Alexander 

(Figs. 79, 80; Map 14) 

Tipula (Beringotipula) momam Alexander, 1965, Pacific 

Insects 7:357-358. 

Holotype A; Leavitt Meadow, Sonora Pass, Mono County, 

calif. (CAS). 

Geographic range.-Known only from California 

California teconli--M~~~ CO.: Leavitt Meadow, 7200 feet, 

flight trap, VIII-13-63 (H. B. Leech, CAS); types. 

Map 14. Locality records in California for Tipula (BeringOtipula) 

fallax Loew (circles), T. (B.) madera Doane (triangles), 

and T. (B.) monoana Alexander (squares). 

Synonym.-Tipula alia Doane (as olia), .1911, Psyche 

18:161-162, fig. (wing). Syntypes 98, 29; Kayport, Washinpton; 

19, Olympia, Washington. 

In July 1964, through the kindness of Dr. Phillip 

J. Darlington, Jr., I was able to borrow the lectotype 

of Tipula fallax and co&m the synonymy as given. 

Geographic range.-Caliornia, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. 

California records.--FL1EsN0 Co.: Sequoia National Forest, 

Hume Lake, 5300 feet, VI-18-63 (C. P. Alexander, -A). 

LA-N Co.: Susanville, VIII-1911 (E. J. Newcomer, CAS). 

MADERA CO.: Devils Postpile National Monument, Red's 

Meadow, 7600 feet, VII-29-57 (C. P. Al-dm, CPA). 

MONTEREY Co.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, 

V-21-VI-1-50 (J. Lmsdale, &A). bCER CO.: Truck-, 

6000 feet, VII-4-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN B ~AR- 

DINO Co.: San Bemardiio Mountains, Barton Flats, VII- 

25/31-40 (C. P. Alexander and J. L. S-, CPA). SHASTA 

CO.: Castle Crags State Park, 2000 feet, VII-8-53 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). TUOLUMNE Co.: Strawberry, VIII-14-60 

(D. Q. Cavagnaro, CIS). 

Tipula (Beringotipula) inyoensis Alexander 

(Fig. 77; Map 13) 

Tipula inyoensis Alexander, 1946, Ent News 57:173-175. 

Holotype 8 ; Camp Manzanar, Inyo County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Known 

California records.-INYO 

only from California. 

CO.: Camp Manzanar, 3700 feet, 

Map 15. Locality records in California for Tipula (Berin&tipula) 

nemrneri Doane (circles). 

Tipula (Berin&tipula) newwmeri bane 

(Fig. 81; Map 15) 

Tipula newmrneri Dome, 1911, Psyche 18:163-164. 

Syntypes 4 8,4 0 ; Deer Park, Placer County, Calif. (CAS). 


only from California.

California records.-DIbL NO- CO.: 26.5 mi. NE of 

Crescent City, VI-2249 (G. W. By-, UK). IvUr.)- C0.: 

Devils Postpile National Monument, Red?s Meadows, 7600 

feet, VII-7-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). IVLIRIN Co.: Inverness, 

IV-4/7-63 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). Lagunitas, III-21-25 

(H. H. Keifer, CAS). -SA Co.: Yosfmite National Pa*, 

Wawona, 5000 feet, VI-5-39 (A. Down=, CPA). MONTEREY 

CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation. V-20-43 

(J. Linsdale, CIS). NEVADA C0.: Sagehem Creelc, near Hobart 

Mills, VII-3-62 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). FtAm (3.: Deer 

Park, 6500 feet, VII-7-08 (E. J. N-w, CAS); e. 

SANTA CLARA Co.: Milpitas, 111-12-19, M-12-19 (R. W. 

bane, CAS). SANTA CRUZ Co.: Waddell Creek, III-1030, 

IV-23-30 (F. Bianchi, CAS). SHAWA CO.: hey, V-30-39 

(M. A. Cazier, CPA). Castle Crags State Park, 2000 feet, 

VII-8-52 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). S~s~cryou CO.: Mount 

Shasta City, VI-20-58 (J. A. Powell, CIS). Near Mount 

Shasta City, VI-18-59 (G. W. Bpers, UK). %NOMA C0.: 

Sebastopol, VII-9-39 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). 

Co.: Near Lassen National Park, VI-15-59 (G. W. Byers. 

UK). TULARE CO.: Sequoia National Park, VI-6/8-42 (0. 

Degmer, CPA). 

Subgenus Eremotipula Alexander 

Tipula CErernotiptda) Alexander, 1965, Pa& Insects 7:340- 

341, figs. 8, 9. 

A relatively extensive group of Tipula, the approximately 

25 known species being from western North 

America, occurring from Colorado westward. They 

are especially characteristic of the Great Basin and 

semiarid regions of the adjacent states, with nine 

species presently known from California. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EREMOTIPULA 

1 Wings with costal border pale or whitened, not 

darker than the ground . . . . . . . . . 2 

Wings with costal border not whitened, at least 

2 

slightly darker than the ground . . . . . . 6 

Wings faintly darkened, conspicuously patterned with 

white along vein 1st A (compare biproducfa, 

couplet 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 3 

Wings without a whitened seam along vein Zsf A . 

3 Male hypopygium (fig. 84) without a break or 

emargination on inner dististyle at base of outer 

basal lobe; ninth tergite with the canthi and subtergal 

process small and scarcely produced (the 

subtergal process is a median ventral lobe, sub- 

4 

tended by the canthi) . . . . helferi Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 86, 87, 92) with a distinct 

notch on margin of inner dististyle at base of outer 

basal lobe; ninth tergite with both canthi and 

subtergal process long and conspicuous . . . . 4 

Ninth tergite (figs. 86, 87) with canthi slender, narrowed 

to long acute tips, exceeding the subtergal 

process; inner dististyle with outer basal lobe short, 

its tip broadly obtuse; wings with cell RS chiefly 

whitened . . . . . . . rnacracanfha Alexander 

Ninth tergite (fig. 92) with canthi broader, shorter 

than the slender subtergal process; inner dististyle 

with outer basal lobe longer, narrowed to a point; 

wings with cell RS whitened on basal half . . . 


5 

achusteri Alexander 

5 Wings with small dark brown spots at origin of Rs 

and tip of Sc; cells R and M conspicuously streaked 

longitudinally with white and pale brown, the latter 

color in centers of cells; male hypopygium (figs. 

88, 89) with margin of basistyle not produced into 

a strong spine; dorsal crest of inner dististyle V- 

large, the margin fimbriolate . melanderkrta Alexander 

6 

7 

8 

Wings without a darkened spot at origin of Rs, in 

casea a weak darkening at tip of Sc; cells R and M 

uniform in color; male hypopygium (fig. 82) with 

margin of basistyle produced into a conspicuous 

spine, subequal in size to the outer basal lobe of 

the inner dististyle, dorsal crest of the latter small, 

posterior in position . . . . biproducta Alexander 

Posterior border of eighth sternite of hypopygium 

(fig. 91) with a central tailliie appendage additional 

to the flattened median lobe (wings unus- 

ually clear, the obliterative arees scarcely indi- 

cated) . . . - . . . . . PelZm-da Doane 

Eighth sternite (figs. 83, 85, 90) without such 

an appendage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

Male hypopygium (figs. 83, 85) with the outer basal 

lobe of the inner dististyle extended postwiorly 

into a long narrow blade that is subequal in length 

t~ the body of the style, approximately five or six 

timesaslongasbroadatmidlength . . . . 8 

Male hypopygium (fig. 90) with the outer basal lobe 

of inner dististyle only moderately extended, shorter 

than the body of the style, the length not exceding 

three times the breadth . . . . . . . . . 9 

Male hypopygium with inner margins of the tergal 

canthi (fig. 85) smooth, subtergal process slender, 

outer basal lobe of inner style relatively short, subequal 

to the body of style . . I&-fha Alexander 

Male hypopygium with inner margins of tergal canthi 

(fig. 83) coarsely toothed, subtergal process broad 

(not shown in figure); outer basal lobe of inner 

style very Iong, exceeding the body of style . . . 

cerunculata Alexander 

9 Wings with obliterative areas before stigma and 

across cell 1st Mo small and inconspicuous, no 

darkening at end of vein Sc; male hypopygium (fig. 

90) with tergal canthi broad, tips slightly pointed, 

inner margins roughened, lateral processes extensive, 

incurved; inner dististyle with beak broadly 

obtuse; eighth sternite with posterior border four- 

lobed, with interrupted setal brushes . . . . . 

middfekauffi Alexander 

Wings with obliterative areas larger and more conspicuous, 

a small darkened cloud at end of vein Sc; 

male hypopygium with tergal canthi smooth, tips 

broadly truncate, lateral processes small, subtriangular; 

inner dististyle with beak relatively 

slender; eighth sternite with posterior border entire 

or virtually so, with an unbroken fringe of setae . 

irnpudica Doane 


Tipula (Eremotipula) biproducta Alexander 

(Fig. 82) 

Tipula biproducta Alexander, 1947, Canad. Ent 79: 69-70. 

Holotype 8; Painted Desert, Borrego, San Diego County, 

Calif. (CPA),




California record.SAN DIEGO CO.: Borrego, w-2144 (J. 

L. Sperry, CPA); type. 

Tipula (Eremotipula) carunculata Alexander 

(Fig. 83) 

Tipula carunculata Alexander, 1945, Canad. Ent 77: 186-187. 

Holotype 8; Kingsbury Grade, Douglas County, Nevada 

( CPA) . 

Geographic range.-Nevada, Utah. 

Nevada record.-DouoLAs CO.: Kingsbury Grade, V-27-39 

(M. A. Mer, CPA); type. Emrneously considered as being 

in Mono County, California, in original description. 

Tipula (Eremotipula) helferi Alexander 

(Fig. 84) 

Tipula (Eremotipula) helferi Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 

7:35&360. 

Holotype 8; Short Canyon, Kern County, Calif. (CAS). 

Geographic range.-Knm only from California 

California record.-KmN CO.: Short Canyon, 10 km. W 

of Inyokem, IV-11-54 (J. W. MacSwain, CAS, through CIS). 

'L'Ol* 

.. ." 

Map 16. Locality records in California for Tipula (Eremotipula) 

leiocanfha Alexander (circles), T. (E.) -acantha Alexander 

(triangles), and T. (E.) melanderiana Alexander (squares). 

Tipula (Eremotipula) leiocantha Alexander 

(Fig. 85; Map 16) 

Tipula leiocantha Alexander, 1959, Pan-Pacific Ent 35: 132- 

134. 

Holotype 6; Big Pine Creek, Glacier Lodge, Inyo County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California rewrds.-INYO Co.: Big Pine Creek, Glacier 

Lodge, 7800 feet, on sagecovered hillsides, VII-10,ll-57 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA); types. MONO Co.: Coleville, V-28-39 

(M. A. Cazier, CPA). Rock Creek, 1 mi. N of Tom's Place, 

VIII-10-63 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). SAN D m CO. Mount 

Laguna, VI-21-63 (J. A. Powell, CIS). VENTURA CO.: Ozena 

Forest Camp, 3200 feet, VI-18-63 (C. W. Kirkwood, CPA). 

Tipula (Eremotipula) macracantha Alexander 

(Figs. 86, 87; Map 16) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) macracantha Alexander, 1946, Brooklyn 

Ent Soc. Bul. 41:49. 

Holotype 8; Peach Springs, Arizona (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Arizona, 


Califomia mrd.4m BERNARDINO Co.: Granite Mountains, 

Granite Cove, 15.8 mi. SW of Kelso, IV-15-62 (C. A. 

Toschi, CIS). 

Tipula (Eremotipula) melanderiana Alexander 

(Figs. 88, 89; Map 16) 

Tipda (Eremotipula) melanderiana Alexander, 1965, Pacific 

Insects 7:360-361. 

Holotype 6; Sheep Creek Canyon, near Phelan, San 

Bernardino County, Calif. (CPA). 


California record8.4~~ BERNARDINO Co.: Sheep Creek 

Canyon, near Phdan, V-24-45 (A. L. Melander, CPA); type. 

SAN DIE00 CO.: Bo-, Il-23-55 (R. 0. Schuster, CIS); 

Paratype 6. 

Tipda (Eremotipula) middlekauffi Alexander 

(Fig. 90) 

Tipula (Eremtipula) middlekauffi Alexander, 1965, Pacific 

Insects 7:361-362. 

Holotype 8; Nevada County, Calif. (CIS). 


California record.-NEVADA CO.: 'I'ruckee, VIII-1948 

(CPA). 

Tipula (Eremotipula) pellucida Doane 

(Fig. 91) 

Tipula pellucida b e , 1912, Ent Soc. Amer. Ann. 5:61. 

Syntypes 26 1 $2 ; Wawawai, Washington (WSU). 

Synonym.-Tipda dara Doane, 1901, N. Y. at.Soc. Jour. 

9: 107-108 (Preoc~.). 

Geographic range;--California, Colorado, Oregon, Utah, 

Washington, Wyoming. 

California record.-MOr~~c CO.: Cedarville, V-29-39 (T. H. 

G. fiitken and M. A. Cazier, CPA). 

Tipula (Eremotipula) schusteri Alexander 

(Fig. 92) 

Tipda (Eremotipula) schusteri Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 

7:362363. 

Holotype $; Victorville, San Bernardino County, Calif. 

(CIS).


Califonria recordrs~~ BmmXNO CO.: Victarville, V-l- 

53 (G. A. Marsh and R. 0. Schuster, CIS); typ. 

Subgenus Hesperotipula Alexander 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) Alexander, 1947, EnL News 58:63-64. 

Tipula (Hesperotipda) Alexander, 1965, Pacific InsecD, 7:341- 

342, 6gs. 11, 12. 

All known species are from western North America 

and virtually all are restricted to California. The 

typical group, centering about sfrepfocera Doane, has 

the basistyle of the male hypopygim produced into 

a coltspicuous horn or blade and with the cerci of 

the ovipositor very reduced. In the local fauna, there 

are three aberrant groups, including califomka, with 

aitkeniana and sweetae; derbyi; and sanctaeluciae. 

In califomica and allies the ovipositor has both the 

cerci and hypovalvae elongate and sclerotized, 

approaching the condition found in Lunatipula. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HESPEROTIPULA 

1 Male hypopygium with the basistyle produced into a 

spine, short and very inconspicuous in derbyi and 

sancfaezwae (figs. 102, 112, 113), elongate in the 

other species; eighth sternite with the lateral lobes 

small and compact, with dense setae, comm~nly 

with a small median lobule tipped with setae; 

female with valves short, especially the subcircular 

or hemispherical hairy cerci (fqp. 105, 108, 109, 

114, 115, and others) .......... 2 

Male hypopygium with basiile not produced into a 

spine; eighth sternite terminating in two flattened 

divergent blades, their inner margins fringed with 

long segg or (aitkeniana) with these lobes very 

small, widely separated, with sparse setae; female 

with both cerci and hypovalvae elongate, much 

longer than broad, subglabrous, cerci with truncated 

tips (figs. 93, 94, 96, 98, 116) ....... 16 

2 Male hypopygium with spine of basistyle very small 

and inconspicuous, shorter than the inner dististyle . 3 

Male hypopygium with spine of basistyle long and 

conspicuous. fm2edm . g the inner dististyle ... 4 

3 Male hypopygium (fig. 102) with tergal lobes very 

broad, separated by a V-shaped notch; spine of 

basistyle a triangular blade, the length about twice 

the diameter at base; inner dististyle with body a 

large flattened plate fmm a nerrOW stem, the outer 

basal lobe a slender spatula; thoracic praescutum 

yellow with three ill-dhed brown stripes. .. 

derbyi Doane 

Male hypopygium (figs. 112, 113) with tergal lobes 

exteaded into flattened divergent blades; spine of 

basistyle slender, eapecially on outer half; inner 

dististyle a narrow sclerotirred rod, the body and 

beak much smaller than the greatly dilated outer 

basal lobe which is densely provided with long 

yellow setae; thoracic dorsum yellow, praeacutum 

with three opaque black stripes ....... 

aanctaeZu&e Alexander 

4 Spine of basistyle relatively short, flattened, especially 

onproximal half,theouterspineshort .... 5 


5 

6 

Spine of basistyle longer and more slender, gradually 

narrowed outwardly ........... 10 

Ninth tergite (figs. 108, 109, 115) with dorsal lobes 

enlarged and more or less modified by lobules or 

tubercles .............. 6 

Ninth tergite (figs. 101, 104, 105, 107) with dorsal 

lobes simple, unmodified ......... 7 

Tergite (figs. 108, 109) with dorsal lobes very large 

and fleshy, long-oval, virtually as long as the spine 

of the basistyle, on mesal margin with a lobule or 

tubercle; spine of basistyle a simple flattened blade, 

gradually narrowed outwardly, tip narrowly 

truncate; praescutal stripes brown . opisthra Dietz 

Tergite (fig. 115) with dorsal lobes smaller, broadly 

flattened, on outer side near base produced into a 

long narrow blade directed outwardly; spine of 

basistyle broadly dilated on proximal half, thence 

narrowed into a long acute spine; praescutal stripes 

black 

......... supplicate Alexander 

7 Male hypopygium (fig. 107) with beak of inner 

dististyle a long slender spine ... rnufica Dietz 

Male hypopygium (figs. 101, 104, 105) with beak 

of inner dististyle short .......... 8 

8 Male hypopygium (fig. 101) with posterior crest of 

inner dististyle produced backward into a short 

9 

10 

flattened blade that is longer than wide (praescutal 

stripes black) ....... contortrix Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 104,105) with posterior crest 

of inner dististyle a small subcircular lobe or blade 9 

Eighth sternite of male hypopygium (fig. 105) with 

lateral lobes bearing dense short setae; median 

lobe short, the setae about four times its length; 

ninth tergite with lobes long-oval, separated by a 

narrow V-shaped emargination (praeecutal stripes 

reddened) ....... micheneri Alexander 

Eighth stwnite of male hypopygium (fig- 104) with 

lateral lobes with very abundant longer delicate 

setae; median lobe elongate, subeqd in length to 

its apical setae or slightly shorter, often lacking; 

ninth tergite with lobes more slender, widely 

separated (praeacutal stripes usually blackened) . 

ZidaZei Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 95, 103) with inner dististyle 

elongate, about three times as long as the diameter 

at midlength, without a well-developed posterior 

crest; ninth tergite with dorsal lobea smaller than 

theventralpair ............ 11 

Male hypopygium (figs. 99, 100, 106, 111, 114) with 

inner dististyle broad, the length not exceeding 

twice the diameter, with a well-developed posterior 

crest, ninth tergite with dorsal lobes more extensive 

than the ventral pair .......... 12 

11 Male hypopygium (fig. 95) with inner dististyle 

nearly equal in diameter throughout the length, the 

apex only slightly enlarged, with two subequal 

teeth .......... arnaudi Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 103) with inner distiswle 

strongly dilated outwardly into an oval head, apical 

teeth unequal, the smaller one slightly retracted . 

fra-nfata Dietz 

12 Male hypopygium (figs. 99, 106) with beak of inner 

dististyle broadly obtuse ......... 13 

Male hypopygium (figs. 100, 111, 114) with beak of 

innerdististylesmallandpointed ...... 14


13 Male hypopygium (fig. 99) with lobes of ninth 

tergite appearing as small widely separated knobs; 

inner dististyle with the outer basal lobe a broadly 

flattened setiferous plate, wider than the diameter 

of the body of style; eighth sternite with lateral 

lobes subtriangular, with dense yellow setae; median 

lobule a small papilla with about six or seven long 

setae . . . . . . . . . . chumash Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 106) with lobes of ninth 

tergite large, flattened, with apices truncate, separated 

by a narrow notch; inner dististyle with the 

outer basal lobe smaller, not conspicuously setiferous; 

base of beak of style with a secondary 

flattened extension; eighth sternite with lateral 

lobes large, glabrous except for a small fringe of 

short yellow setae at apex . . . millardi Alexander 

14 Male hypopygium (figs. 111, 114) with dorsal lobes 

of tergite separated by a narrow emargination . . 15 

Male hypopygium (fig. 100) with dorsal lobes of 

tergite subglobular, blackened, separated by a broad 

circularemargination. . . . . adahAlexander 

15 Male hypopygium (fig. 114) with horn of the 

basistyle elongate, more than twice the length of 

inner dististyle, broadest at near midlergth; beak 

small, slender; posterior crest conspicuous, separated 

from body of style by a broad notch; tergite with 

dorsal lobes oval, slightly darkened, ventral lobes 

much larger and higher; eighth sternite with lateral 

lobes long, fully twice as long as wide, tips obtuse, 

setae dense but relatively short, occupying the 

whole length of lobe; median lobule lacking . . 

streptooera b e 

Male hypopygium (fig. 111) with horn of the 

basistyle shorter, not more than one-half longer 

than the inner dististyle, beak of the latter long 

and slender; posterior crest small, separated by a 

narrow notch; tergite with dorsal lobes elongate 

oval, blackened, ventral lobes low, their margins 

truncate or slightly emarginate; eighth sternite with 

lateral lobes short and broad, apices with long conspicuous 

setae; median lobule present, with several 

setae . . . . . . . . . . . ovalis Alexander 

16 Male hypopygium (figs. 93, 94) with lateral lobes 

of eighth sternite very small, widely separated by a 

broad emargination, with few setae; tergite with 

each lateral lobe bearing a blackened bispinous 

plate; inner dististyle with body massive, triangular 

in outline; praescutal stripes reddened . . . . 

aitkeniana Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 96, 98, 116) with lateral 

lobes of eighth sternite larger and more approximated, 

with a brush of long setae at apex and 

along mesal edge; tergite without a bispimous plate; 

body of inner dististyle not triangular in outline; 

praescutal stripes black . . . . . . . . . 17 

17 Male hypopygium (fig. 116) with lateral lobes of 

ninth tergite produced caudad into a slender spine 

or point; inner dististyle with posterior crest much 

smaller than the body of style. . sweetae Alexander 

Male hypopygium (tips. 96, 98) with lobes not pro- 

duced into a spinous point; inner dististyle with 

posterior crest very large, subequal to body of style 

18 Male hypopygium (fig. 96) with posterior border of 

ninth tergite emarginate, forming two broad black- 

18 

ened lobes that are unequally bifid at outer ends, 

the lateral lobule small; inner dististyle with base 

very slender, outwardly expanded into a large 

flattened blade, outer basal lobe an elongate spine, 

base not conspicuously expanded. californica (Doane) 

Male hypopygium (fig. 98) with posterior border of 

ninth tergite subtruncate, on either side of midline 

with an obtuse lobe; inner dististyle not conspicuously 

slender at base, the body of style and the 

posterior crest subequal in size; outer basal lobe 

dilated basally, narrowed outwardly into a relatively 

short spine . . . . . . . chlorion Alexander 

- i 

--l 

I 

I 

i 

!. 

: 

Map 17. Locality records in California for Tipula (Hespemtipula) 

aitkeniana Alexander (circles), T. (H.) arnaudi Alexander 

(triangles), and T. (H.) chlorion Alexander (squares). 

Tipula (Hesperofipula) aitkeniana Alexander 

(Figs. 93, 94; Map 17) 

Tipula aitkeniana Alexander, 1944, Canad. Ent. 76:61-62. 

Holotype 8; Mount Hamilton, Santa Clara County, Calif. 

( CPA) . 

Geographic rm&.-California, Washington. 

California -&s.-A-A 

CO.: Sunol, Calavems Creek, 

IV-7-39 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). NlARIposA Co.: Yosemite 

National Park, IV-14-35 (J. Applegarth, SJS). SANTA CLARA 

CO.: Alum Rock Park, 6 mi. E of San Jose, IV-15-36 (A. 

Smith, SJS); IV-938 (C. D. Duncan, SJS). Mount Hamilton, 

3000 feet, V-1940 (T. H. G. Aitk-, CPA); type. 

Isabel creek, V-1-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) arnaudi Alexander 

(Fig. 95; Map 17) 

Tipula (Hespemtipula) m a d Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 

7:363-364.


Holotype 3; Samuel P. Taylor State Park, Marin County, 

Calif. (CAS). 


California recods.--hAARIN CO.: Invemess, IV-4/7-63 (P. 

H. Arnaud, CAS). Mill Valley, 111-28-26 (M. C. Van huee, 

CAS); IV-30-49, V-17-52, V-8-53 (H. B. Leech, CAS); 

paratypes. Samuel P. Taylor State Park, IV-2047 (P. H. 

Amaud, CAS); types; paratype 8 in CPA collection. 

SIDE CO.: Temecula, IV-11-50 (L. W. Quate, CIS). SAN 

D m Co.: Alpine, IV-10-15 (M. C. Van Duzee, CPA). SAN 

FRANU.%O Co.: San Francisco, IV-14-61 (R M. Brown, 

CAS). S~lv LUIS OBIspo CO.: Black Mountain, 6 mi. NE of 

Pozo, 3300-3600 feet, V-1-62 (J. A. Powell, CIS). San Luis 

Obispo, 111-2938 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). SAN MA- CO.: 

Redwood City, 111-28-43 (P. H. Ameud, CPA). SANTA CLARA 

CO.: Stanford University (R. W. h e , CAS); type of 

califomka. SONOMA CO.: Petaluma, IV-14-61 (W. H. Lange, 

UCD). STANISLAUS Co.: Del Puerto Canyon, 23 mi W of 

Patterson, IV-30-63 (J. A. Powell, CIS). V E N CO.: ~ 

Ozena Forest Camp, 3200 feet, VI-18-63 (C. W. Kirkwood, 

CPA). YOLO CO.: Cache Creek Canyon, IV-7-56 (P. M. 

Marsh, UCD). Davis, IV-2447 (E. L Schlinger). Putah 

Canyon, 111-2746 (W. H. Lange, UCD); IV-30-63 (C. G. 

Moore, UCD). 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) chlorion Alexander 

(Fig. 98; Map 17) 

Tipula (Hespemtipulaj chlozion Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 

7:364365. 

Holotype S ; Cuyama Valley, Kern County, Calif. (CAS). 

Geographic ran&-Known only from California. 

California reC0rrl-K~~~ Co.: Cuyama Valley, IV-1032 

(E. P. Van kee, CAS); type. 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) churnash Alexander 

(Fig. 99; Map 19) 

“ S U * I . I -- -.- 

-2L 

L-?&----,- 

Map 18. Locality recorda in California for Tipula (Hwperotipula) 

difornica (Doene) (circles). 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) californica (Doane) 

(Figs. 15, 96, 97; Map 18) 

Pachyrhina celifomica Doane, 1908, Ent News 19:176. 

Lectotype 3; Stanford University, Santa Clara County, 

Calif. (CAS). 

Synonym.-Tipula xanthoznela Dietz, 1918, her. Ent Soc. 

Trans. 44: 107. 


WashmgtOn. 

California records-A~&u~~A CO.: Livermore, V-1-39 (T. 

H. G. Aitken, CPA). Niles Canyon, IV-3-21 (E. C. Van 

Dyke, CAS). BUTTE Co.: Pule, V-15-21 (CIS). CONTRA 

COSTA Co.: Mount Diablo, east side, V-12-62 (M. E. Irwin, 

UCD). MARIN Co.: Sausalito, V-2-20 (C. L. Fox, CAS). 

Mount Tamalpais, IV-2-26 (T. Craig, CAS). MARIPOSA Co.: 

Yosemite National Park, Yosemite Museum, foot of Colterville 

Road, 3500 feet, VI-22-39 (D. L. Tiemann, CPA). 

MO~CO.: Cedarville, V-29-39 (T. H. G. A i b and M. A. 

Cazier, CPA). M0-Y Co.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings 

Reservation, V-1-43, V-5/26-49, V-25-51; gig preek, 

V-31-SO; Finch Creek, V-7/9-46, V-8-48, V-20-50; 

between house and well, V-31-50 (J. Linsdale, CPA). RIVER- 

Map 19. Locality records in California for Tipula (Hesperotipula) 

circularis Alexander (circles), T. (H.) chumash Alexander 

(triangles), and T. (H.) contortrix Alexander (squares). 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) chumash Alexander, 1961, Great Basin 

Net. 2 1: 13-14.


Holotype 8; San Sirneon Creek, San Luis Obispo County, 

Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic ran&e.-Known only from California. 

California records.-Mo~~&~~y CO.: Redwood Gulch, V- 

12-58 (c D. ~ ~ eCPA). s , SAN LUIS OBISPO co.: sari 

Simeon C d , V U (C. D. Hynes, CPA); type. 

Tipula (Hespemtipula) circularis Alexander 

(Fig. 100; Map 19) 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) aiarlatis Alexander, 1947, Ent News 

58 : 64-65. 

Holotype 8; Livermore, Alameda County, calif. (CPA). 


CdifOrni8 -dS.-AI.AMEDA CO.: LlVelYIlOE9, v-139 

(T. H. G. Aitken, CPA); type. DEL Nom Co.: 26.5 mi. NE 

of Crescent City, VI-2259 (G. W. Byq UK). MARJN CO.: 

Alpine Lake, IV-24-58 (D. D. Lmsdale, CPA). Mill Valley, 

V-1-26 (M. C. Van be, CAS); V-4-56 (H. B. Leech, 

CAS). SANTA CLARA Co.: Mount Hamilton, 3000 feet, V-19- 

40 (T. H. G. Ai-, CPA). Stevens Creek, V 4 8 (D. 

Burdick, CIS). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Scott Valley, VI-840 (P- 

H. Amaud, CPA). S~SKIYOU Co.: 8 mi. W of Sawyer?s Bar, 

VII-7-58 (J. A. Powell, CIS). SONONLA Co.: Jemer, V-8-58 

(D. D. Linsdale, CIS). 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) wntortrix Alexander 

(Fig. 101; Map 19) 

Tipula (Lunetipula) contortrix Alexander, 1944, Canad. Ent. 

76: 169-170. 

Holotype 8; Nevada City, Nevada County, Calif. (CPA). 


California records.-EL Do- CO.: 3 mi. S of Camino, 

VI-2348 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS). NEVADA CO.: Nevada City, 

VI-13-39 (M. A. Cazier, CPA); type. Rush Creek, along 

Highway 49, V-24-64 (D. G. Denning, CPA). SHASTA CO.: 

No exact locality, V-30-21 (R. W. Doane, CAS). 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) derbyi Doane 

(Fig. 102; Map 20) 

Tipula derbyi Doane, 1912, Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 5:4748. 

Holotype 6; Stanford University, Santa Clara County, 

Calif. (CAS). 


California records.-ALAMEDA CO.: Livermore, v-1240 

(T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). Sunol, V-15-22 (F. R. Cole, CIS). 

CONTRA COSTA CO.: Martinez, V-6-39 (T. H. G. Aitken, 

CPA). Wild Cat Canyon, IV-30-39 (C. D. Michener, CPA). 

MAFUN CO.: Alpine Lake, IV-24-58 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). 

Point Reyes, IV-12-58 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). SAN DIEGO 

CO.: Bormgo Valley, Lower Tub Canyon, 1100 feet, 111-1747 

(N. Crickmer, CPA). SAN FRANCISCO Co.: San Francisco, 

IV-14/1&52 (C. E. Kaufeldt, CPA). SAN MA= Co.: Redwood 

City, IV-15-47 (P. H. Amaud, CPA). SANTA CLARA 

CO.: Alum Rock Park, 6 mi. E of San Jose, V-539 (T. H. G. 

Aitken, CPA). Stanford University, 111-30-1900 (CAS); IV- 

20-08 (Derby, CAS); type; IV-1915 (R. W. Doane, CAS). 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) fragrnentata Dietz 

(Fig. 103; Map 20) 

Map 20. Locality records in California for Tipula (Hesperotipula) 

derbyi Doane (circles), T. (H.) fragmentata Dietz 

(triangles), and T. (H.) linsdelei Alexander (squares ) . 

Tipula fragmentata Dietz, 1919, Ent Soc. Amer. Ann. 12:87, 

pl. 5, figs. 3, 4 ( 8 hyp.). 

Holotype 6 ; ?California? ( CPA ). 


California records.-?California;? without exact data (J. C. 

Bradley, CPA); type. HUMBOLDT CO.: Willow Creek, VI-20- 

59 (G. W. Byers, UK). MARIN CO.: Mill Valley, V426 (M. 

C. Van Duzee, CAS). SAN MATEO CO.: Corte de Madera 

Creek, near Portula, V-2249 (P. H. Amaud, CPA). 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) linsdalei Alexander 

(Fig. 104; Map 20) 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) linsdalei Alexander, 1951, Brooklyn 

Ent SOC. Bul. 46:85-86. 

Holotype 8 ; Hastings Reservation, Monterey County, Calif. 

(CPA). 

Synonym.-Tipula (Hespmtipula) lindalei obispoensis 

Alexander. 1962, Great Basin Nat 22: 4. Holotype 8; Sari 

Luis Obispo, Calif. (CPA). 


California records.-MONTERF.Y CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, 

Hastings Reservation, V-6-43, VI-1-43 (types); Big Creek, 

V-26-50; Finch Creek, V-%VI-143, V-8,9-46, VI-8/22- 

48; Lane and Cachagua Creek, V-2031, V-26-49, VI-5-50, 

IV-17-51 (J. Linsdale, CAS, CIS, CPA, UK). SAN LUIS 

OBIsW CO.: San Luis Obispo, IV-27-61 (C. D.Hynes, CPA); 

type of obispaensis. TULARE CO.: Sequoia National Forest, 

Camp Nelson, SO00 feet, V-29-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA).


Map 21. Locality records in California for Tipda (Hesperotipula) 

micheneri Alexander (circles), T. (H.) millardi Alexander 

(triangles), and T. (EL) rnutica Dietz (squares). 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) micheneri Alexander 

(Fig. 105; Map 21) 

Tipula (Lunatipwla) rnicheneri Alexander, 1944, Canad. Ent 

76: 168-169. 

Holotype 8; San Jacinto Mountains, Hurkey C d , Riverside 

County, Calif. (CPA). 

Cbographic ran@.-Known only from California. 

California -~s.--E 

Co.: San Jacinto Mountains, 

Hurkey Creek, SO00 feet, VI-1940 (C. D. Michener, CPA); 

type. slur BERNARDINO CO.: Crestline, VI-1!)-44 (A. L. 

Melander, CPA). San Bemardino Mountains. Seven Oaks 

along Santa Ana River, dead in spider web, IV-1963 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Sm Dm30 CO.: Palomar Mountain, Doane 

Creek, 4700 feet, VII-3/645 (J. A. ComstOcL, CPA); VII- 

12-46 (C. P. Alexander and J. A. Comstock, CPA). 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) millardi Alexander 

(Fig. 106; Map 21) 

Tipula (Hesperotipda) millardi Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 

7:365366. 

Holotype 8; Lw Angel=, Los Angeles County, calif. 

(CAS). 


Calitomia recod.--los ANGELES Co.: Los Angdes, W-30- 

V415 (M. C. Van Duzee, CAS); type. 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) mutica Die- 

(Fig. 107; Map 21) 

Tipula mutica Dietz, 1919, Ent. Soc. her. AM. 12:91-92, 

figs. 13, 14 (8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8; Sonoma County, Calif. (ANSP). 


California -~S.-ALAMEDA Co.: Berkeley, V-2945 (L. 

W. Saylor, CPA). CONTRA COSTA CO.: Orinda, V-6-39 (T. 

Kelley, CPA). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Waddell Creek, IV-2930 

(F. Bianchi, CAS). SONOMA Co.: V-21-14 (J. A. Kusche, 

ANSP); type. STANISLAUS Co.: Adobe Creek, V-6-48 (R. 

F. Smith, CIS). 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) opisthocera Dieiz 

(Figs. 108, 109. 110) 

Tipula opisthocera Dietz, 1919, Ent Soc. h er. Ann. 12:90-91, 

figs. 11, 12 (8 hyp.). 

~olotvpe 8; woma County, Calif. (ANSP). 


California reCords.-A~~lbd~~~ Co.: Berkeley, V-1/12-39 

(T. H. G. Aitken and M. A. Cazier, CPA); V-29-45 (L. W. 

Saylor, CPA). MONTEREY Co.: Santa Lucia Mountains, 

Hastings Res-tion, VI-12-40 (J. Liinsdale, CPA). SONOMA 

Co.: IV-20-14 (J. A. Kusche, ANSP); type. 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) ovalis Alexander 

(Fig. 111) 

Tipula (1yesperotipula) ovalis Alexander, 1951, Brooklyn Ent 

SOC. Bul. 46:86-87. 

Holotype 8; Hastings Reservation, Monterey County, Calif. 

(CIS). 

Geographic ran&-Known only from California. 

California &S.-MONTTSREY CO.: Santa hcia Mountains, 

Hastings Reservation, Finch Creek, V-21-43 (J. Linsdale, 

CPA) ; type; Upper Finch Creek, V-20-50; Upper Big Canyon, 

V-18-50; Upper Big Creek, V-29-50; Robertson Creek, V- 

21-50 (J. Linsdale, CAS, CIS, HR). 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) sanctaeluciae Alexander 

(Figs. 112, 113) 

Tipula (Lunatipda) sanctaeluciae Alexander, 1951, Brooklyn 

Ent Soc. Bul. 46:89-91. 

Holotype 8 ; Hastings Resexvation, Monterey County, Calif. 

(-A). 


California record~.-L~s ANG~LSS CO.: Lw Angeles, IV- 

3Q15 (M. C. Van Duzee, CAS). MONTEREY Co.: Santa Lucia 

Mountains, Hastings Reservation, VI-12-48, V-25-VI-2-51; 

Big Creek, V-22/2450, VI-l/8-!iO; Finch Creek, V-21-43 

(type); Lane and Cachagua Creeks, V-29-50; Robertson 

Creek, V-21-50; Upper Big Creek, V-28-50, VI-5-50; Upper 

Finch Creek, V-20-50 (J. Linsdale, CPA, CAS, CIS, HR, 

UK). 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) streptocera Doane 

(Fig. 114) 

Tipula streptoera Doane, 1901, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 9:113. 

Holotype 8 ; Collins, Idaho (WSU). 

Geographic range.-British 

Oregon, WaOhingLon. 

Columbia; California, Idaho,


California records.-HUMBOLDT Co.: Prairie Creek State 

Park; VII-11-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MARIN CO.: 

Fairfax, IV-13-19 (CPA). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Smta CrUZ, 

VI-1,2-19 (CPA). 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) supplicata Alexander 

(Fig. 115) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) aupplicata Alexander, 1944, Canad Ent 

76: 170-171. 

Holotype 8; San Jacinto River Canyon, Riverside County, 

Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic raztge.-Known only from California. 

California recOrds.--KBm CO.: 7 mi HIO Point, V-9-61 

(R. E. Bellamy, 5017, CPA). RMCRSILJE Co.: San JaCinto 

Mountains, Idyllwild, V-14-39 (T. H. G. Aitken, -A); type. 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) sweetae Alexander 

(Fig. 116) 

Tipula sweetae Alexander, 1930, Brooklyn Ent Soc. Bd. 

25:278-279. 

Holotype 8 ; Claremont, Los Angeles County, Cali. (CPA). 


California recOrds.--loS ANGELES Co.: Claremont (H. E. 

Sweet, CPA); type. RIVERSIDE Co.: Riverside, 11-12-35 (A. 

L. Melander, CPA); 11-19-35. III-2/15-35, IV-1/1435 (P- 

H. Timberlake, CPA). SAN D ~oo Co.: Jacumba, IV-11-53 

(J. A. Powell, CIS). 

Subgenus Labiotipula Alexander 

Tipula (Labiotipula) Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insecta 7:343, 

fig. 13. 

The subgenus was proposed for species of the socalled 

macrolabis group, previously assigned to Lunatipula. 

The type of the subgenus, T. (L.) macrolabis 

Loew, is very widespread in northern North America, 

extending to northeastern Asia, and may possibly be 

found in the state. 

Tipula (Labiotipula) leechi Alexander 

(Fig. 117; Map 22) 

Tipula leechi Alexander, 1938, Brooklyn En+ Soc. Bul. 33:71- 

72. 

Holotype 8 ; Vancouver, British Columbia (CPA). 

Geographic range.-British Columbm; California. 

California records.-EL DORAW Co.: Snowliie Camp, VI- 

24-48 (P. D. Hurd, CIS). PLUMAS Co.: Meadow Valley, 

3500-4000 feet, VI-4-24 (E. C. van Dyke, CAS). SHASTA 

Co.: Burney, V-3039 (M. A. Cazier, CPA). 

Subgenus Lindnerina Mannheims 

Tipula (Lindneria) Mannheims, 1963, Stiittg. Beitr. Naturk. 

102:22 (Preocc. by Lindneria Kroeber, 1929, Diptera). 

Tipula (Lindnerina) Mannheims, 1965, Lounais-Hbeen 

Luonto, 20:3. 

A very small group of northern Holarctic Tipula, 

the best known Nearctic species being the widespread 

T. (L.) serta Loew, occurring as far west as Alberta. 

A single High Sierran species occurs in California. 

m u ”, u 111 

1 . 

u 

--. 

.I 

. 

I* 

.*+I 

Map 22. Locality records in California for Tipula (Labiotipula) 

leechi Alexander (circles), T. (Lindnerina) shieldsi Alexander 

(triangles), and T. (Lunatipula) amtipleura Doane (squares). 

Tipula (Lindnerina) shieldsi Alexander 

(Fig. 118; Map 22) . 

Tipula (findneria) shieldsi Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 

7 : 366367. 

Holotype 8; Mount Dana, Mono County, Calif. (CPA). 


California records.-mo CO.: Southeast, above “L” 

Lake, near French Canyon, 11,600 feet, VIII-14-63 (0. 

Shields, CPA). South, above Golden Trout Lake, Glacier 

Divide, 11,500 feet, WI-12-63 (0. Shields, CPA); paratypes. 

FRBS”YO Cos: Piute Pass, Humphreys Basin, 

11,400 feet, VIII-11-63 (0. Shields, CPA); paratypes. INYO 

Co.: Northwest, Mono Pass, 12,000 feet, VIII-8-61 (C. D. 

MacNeill, D. C. Rentz, M. R. Lundgren, CAS); paratypes. 

MONO Co.: North slope of Mount Dana, 11,000-11,300 feet, 

VIII-l-64 (0. Shields, CPA) ; holotype 8, allotype 0. 

Subgenus Lunetipula Edwards 

Tipula (Lunatipula) Edwards, 1931, Ann. and Mag. Nat Hist 

ser. 10, 8:81-82. 

Lunatipula is the largest subgenus of Tipula in the 

state and is one of the most difficult taxonomically. 

For convenience in handling the numerous species, 

these have been placed in 20 groups and have been 

arranged in the smaller units in the keys and on the


plates showing the hypopygial structure. However, 

in the final listing of the species, all in the subgenus 

have been arranged alphabetically, as has been done 

with other genera and subgenera in this paper. As was 

indicated in the Introduction, most of the figures in 

the genus Tipula were drawn by the very capable 

young artist, Mr. Steven L. Jensen, of Salt Lake City. 

Relatively few were made by the author, these being 

chiefly of species that became available late in the 

preparation of the paper. 

1 

2 

3 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LUNATIPULA 

Male hypopygium with posterior border of eighth 

sternite produced into lateral lobes that bear a 

fleshy appendage, without setae (figs. 156, 159, 

161) or with one or more fasciculate setae compris- 

ed af few ta semi bristlm fused into a unit with 

their filamentous tips free (sternata, fig. 160), M 

with one or more of the setae noticeably enlarged . 

Male hypopygium with none of the setae of the 

eighth sternite markedly enlarged or fasciculate 

(fie. 119, 120, 125-129, 137-155) . . . . . 30 

Eighth sternite with lateral appendage glabrous, without 

setae (&+ 156-159, 161) or stemata (6g. 

160) with several setae fasciculated to appear as 

a unit, with their tips free . . . . . . . . 3 

I terdata group 

Eighth sternite with lateral appendage or lobe with 

distinct separate setae (figs. 121-124, 162-168, 

170, 171, 174-179) . . . . . . . . . . 9 

Ninth tergite produced into conspicuous lateral horns 

(figs. 156, 160, 161) . . . . . . . . . . 4 

Ninth tergite with lobes obtuse, only slightly pro- 

duced (fie. 157-159) . . . . . . . . . . 6 

4 Inner dististyle with the outer basal lobe a long 

flattened blade, the tip obtuse, nearly as long as the 

body of style (fig. 156) . kirkwoodiana Alexander 

Inner dististyle with the outer basal lobe relatively 

5 

6 

small and inconspicuous (figs. 160, 161) . . . 5 

Lateral tergal horns slightly decurved outwardly, their 

tips obtuse; median tergal area extensive, the 

lateral end at base of horn with a blackened knob; 

eighth sternite with lateral lobes broad, fleshy, 

without setae (fig. 161) 

. . . . . tergafa Doane 

Lateral tergal horns nearly straight, tips acute; 

median tergal area with two intermediate pale 

blades; eighth sternite with lateral lobes divided, 

the inner arm broad with a compact fasciculate 

mass of setae that appears as a unit with free 

tips (fig. 160) . . . . . . . . sternata Doane 

Lateral arms of eighth sternite almost equally bilobed; 

lateral tergal horns narrow, median area with two 

projections; inner dististyle with outer basal lobe 

simple, not spinous; phallosome with the decurved 

spine simple . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

Lateral arms of eighth sternite extended into a slender 

fingerlike lobe; lateral tergal horns broad, their 

apices oblique, median area not projecting; inner 

dististyle with outer basal lobe produced into 

spinous points; phallosome with the decurved spines 

forked at tips (figs. 157-159) . , . . . . . 8 

2 

7 Lateral tergal horns broader, tips obliquely truncate; 

median projections low and inconspicuous; inner 

dististyle with posterior crest not produced backward 

(Arizona Report, p. 500, fig. 4, as buenoi) . 

8 

Aavocada mane 

Lateral tergal horns appearing as narrow blackened 

points; median projections blackened, conspicuous, 

tips obtuse; inner dististyle with posterior crest 

produced backward as a flattened blade . . . . 

mohavensi-s Alexander 

(Extralimital:Arizona) 

Lateral tergal horns more produced; inner dististyle 

with the outer basal lobe modemtely large, produced 

into two or three strong spines; phallosome 

with the decurved apophyses slender, terminating 

in two short divergent spinous points (figs- 157, 

158) . . . . . . . . . . mesotergata Alexander 

Lateral tergal horns low, oblique, only slightly 

produced; inner dististyle with the outer basal lobe 

very large, produced into flattened blades; phallo- 

some with the decurved apophyses expanded into 

broad flattened blades (fig. 159) . raysmithi Alexander 

9 Wings conspicuously patterned with whitened and 

brown areas, the amount of dark color subequal to 

or exceeding the pale ground, the pale color including 

a narrow interrupted band in bases of all outer 

medial cells; male hypopygium with posterior 

border of eighth sternite produced into lateral 

lobes, their inner margin with a series of large 

flattened setae, the lobes smallest and with fewest 

such setae in vittatipennis, most elaborate in 

liastingsBe and polycantha where there are from 

seven to nine such structures (figs. 174-177) . 10 

10 

11 

I1 vittatipennis group 

Wings pale, not or only slightly patterned with darker; 

male hypopygium with the eighth sternite not 

modified as described (figs. 121-123, 162, 163, 

165-168, 170, 171, 178, 179) . . . . . . . 13 

Darkened wing pattern more extensive, dark brown in 

hastingsae, paler in polycantha, involving most of 

cell R, including the basal fourth or more , . . 11 

Darkened wing pattern basad of the cord more 

restricted, not including the broad bases of cells 

RandM . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 12 

Wing pattern dark brown and white, the colors conspicuously 

contrasted; male hypopygium with the 

flattened modified setae of the eighth sternite fewer, 

about 6 or 7, narrower, tips acute; lobes of tergite 

obtuse; rods of ninth sternite strongly darkened, 

tips obtuse, phallosome with lateral apophyses 

large and powerful; inner dististyle long and narrow, 

posterior crest small (fig. 174) . hastingsae Alexander 

Wings with the brown pattern very extensive but 

paler and relatively inconspicuous, including most 

of cells R and M; male hypopygium with the 

flattened modified setae of eighth sternite about 8 

or 9, broader, tips obtuse; lobes of tergite slightly 

pointed; rods of ninth sternite small and pale, 

pointed at tips; phallosome with lateral apophyses 

slender; inner dististyle with outer margin arched, 

polycantha Alexander 

posterior crest long and slender. 

(Extralimital: New Mexico, Arizona) 

12 Large species (wing about 18 to 20 mm or more);


13 

wings with basal half of cells R and M white, unpatterned; 

male hypopygium with apices of tergal 

lobes slightly pointed; ninth sternite with a pair 

of strong blackened rods; eighth Sternite with apical 

area small, the major modified setae only two or 

three in number and relatively small (fig. 175) . 

vittatipennis Doane 

Smaller species (wing about 15 to 16 mm); wings 

with bases of cells R and M chiefly whitened but 

with weak brown washes beyond base, more persistent 

in cell R; male hypopygium with tergal 

lobes obtuse; ninth sternite unarmed; eighth sternite 

with apical area larger, with about four modified 

setae on either side (figs. 176, 177) . yana Alexander 


dististyle divided into two elongate rods or arms 

(figs. 121-123) . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 

I11 alhfaacia group 

Male hypopygium with the outer basal lobe single 

(figs. 124, 136, 168, 178, and othm) . . . . 17 

14 Both arms of outer basal lobe of inner dististyle 

simple, the anterior ann obtuse at tip, poseor one 

narrowed to a slender spine (figs. 121, 122) . . . 15 

Posterior arm of outer basal lobe shallowly forked at 

15 

outer end (fig. 123) . . . . . . . . . . . 16 

Anterior arm of outer b l 

lobe narrow throughout 

its length (fig. 121) . . . . . . alibofascia Doane 

(biclrmata Doane) 

Anterior arm of outer basal lobe dilated at near 

. . . . . . bifdcata Doane 

midlength (fig. 122) 

16 Outer basal lobe with anterior arm stout, appearing 

more or less foot-shaped; posterior arm with outer 

points appressed, lying close together, the axial 

spine much longer (fig. 123) . dad-tha Alexander 

Outer basal lobe with anterior ann narrow, parallelsided; 

posterior arm with both points short, strongly 

divergent, the axial spine short and curved, bent 

strongly at a right angle . dadacanthodea Alexander 

17 Ninth tergite with narrow lateral lobes, the broad 

median area bieanarginate; outer dististyle small, 

cylindrical, inner style with the broad obtuse outer 

basal lobe merging with the beak, without an 

incision or emargination; phallosome a simple 

straight bladrened rod, divided at apex into two 

strong spines; eighth sternite not produced into 

lateral lobes, the margin with two brushes of dense 

long yellow setae, incurved toward the midline, a 

few of the setae more enlarged but not fasciculate 

(fig. 136) . . . . . .. . . . . lucida Doane 

IV lucida group 

18 

19 

Characters of the tergite, inner dististyle, and phallosome 

not as described . . . . . . . . . . 18 

Male hypopygium with the basistyle not produced 

into spines or flattened blades; inner dististyle with 

a distinctly pointed beak (figs. 168 and othem) . 19 

V unicincta @up 

Male hypopygium with the basistyle produced into a 

flattened blade or into either one or two spines; 

inner dististyle with beak obtuse, not pointed 

(figs. 124, 178-180) . . . . . . . . . . 26 

Ninth tergite with lateral lobes long, conspicuous, tips 

pointed, slightly divergent; ninth sternite produced 

into a short lobe with scattered spinoid setae (except 

in diacanthophora) ; eighth sternite with lateral 

lobes strongly produced, terminating in a single 

strong fasciculate bristle comprised of several fused 

setae (figs. 162, 165, 167, 168, 170, 171) . . . 20 

Va unicincta subgroup 

Ninth tergite with lateral lobes low and obtuse, in 

cases with a blackened point before apex; ninth 

sternite without such a lobe as described; eighth 

sternite with lateral lobes low, the fasciculate bristle 

slender, comprised of few setae (figs. 163, 164, 166) 24 

Vb bisetosa subgroup 

20 Male hypopygium (fig. 162) with the paired gonapophyses 

dilated before the long acute tips; inner 

dististyle with apex of posterior crest pointed; 

eighth sternite with lateral lobes very low, the 

21 

22 

fasciculatebristlevirtuallysessile . . . . . . 

biavicularia Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 165, 167) with the paired 

gonapophyses slender, tapering gradually to the 

long tips; inner dististyle with apex of posterior 

crest obtuse; eighth sternite with lateral lobes 

developed, shorter than its terminal modified bristle 

infilamentoaa,longerinotherspecies . . . . 21 

Ninth sternite not produced into a lobe, phallosome 

with a strongly sclerotized Y-shaped unpaired 

apophysis; eighth sternite with setae of central 

group orange, their tips expanded into obtuse blades 

(fig. 165) . . . . . . di-thophora Alexander 

Ninth sternite produced into a lobe that bears setae 

or spinoid points; phallosome without such a 

strongly sclerotized apophysis; eighth sternite without 

such setae (figs. 167, 168, 170, 171) . . . 22 

Lobe of ninth stemita an oval knob that ttuminates 

in numerous long yellow setae, none spinoid; eighth 

sternite with setae of central p up pale, outwardly 

empanded into long hyaline blades that divide at 

tips into several hairlike filaments (fig. 167) . 

Hamentosa Alexander 

Lobe of ninth sternite longer, terminating in a strong 

spinoid seta; eighth sternite without such modified 

setae


E 

25 

gonapophyses appearing as long slender straight 

spines that extend to beyond the aedeagus; eighth 

sternite with lateral lobes very low, median area a 

low cushion that is broader than long, provided with 

numerous long yellow setae (fig. 163) . bisetosa Doane 

Ninth tergite with a stout blackened spine on outer 

margin of each lobe; outer dististyle only slightly 

dilated; phallosome without slender spines as 

described; eighth sternite without a braad median 

cushion as described (figs. 164, 166) .... 25 

Inner dististyle with dorsal margin not elevated into 

a membranous crest, surface with abundant coarse 

setae; phallosome with gonapophyses shallowly 

bispinous near tips; eighth sternite with the fasciculate 

seta terminal, median area narrowed into a 

stout fingerlike lobe with very long setae (fig. 

166) ........... dido Alexander 

Inner dististyle with dorsal margin elevated into a 

membranous blade, higher behind; phallosome with 

gonapophyses appearing as small simple spines that 

are shorter than the aedeagus; eighth sternite with 

lateral lobe produced beyond base of the fasciculate 

seta as a glabrous blade, median area with two 

slender widely separated glabrous rods, additional 

to a group of retrorse normal setae (fig. 164) 

dcarata Doane 

26 Wings restrictedly patterned with dark, including a 

cloud in cell R at near one-third the length; male 

hypopygium with basistyle produced caudad into a 

spine (armata) or a short blade; outer dististyle 

elongate, near base of inner style, the Iatter with 

the region of the outer basal lobe pmduced into a 

long arm that extends into a sharp spine; phallosome 

a strong sclerotized simple rod, shallowly 

forked near apex, the points not acute; posterior 

border of eighth sternite with lateral brushes of 

long yellow setae but without a aetiferous cushion 

(fig. 124) .............. 27 

VI arznata group 

Wings virtually unpattemed, without a darkened 

cloud as described; male hypopygium with basistyle 

produced into a flattened oval blade (yosadfe, fig. 

180) or into a strong arm that forks into two 

divergent spines (mariposa, sayZori, figs. 178, 179); 

outer dististyle very small, on margin of style some 

distance beyond base, inner style with region of 

outer basal lobe a pale fleshy lobe with setae, 

resembling an enlarged outer style; phallosome 

extended into a sclerotized rod, at tip before 

apex with a small recurved point; eighth sternite 

with a hemispherical setifemus cushion at lateral 

end of posterior border, the modified setae in a 

longitudinal row at its base (figs. 178-180) . . 28 

VII yosemife group 

27 Male hypopygium with apex of basistyle produced 

into a strong spine; lobe of posterior crest of inner 

dististyle without a long spine, in cases with a 

weakly developed one (fig. 124) ...... 

armate armata Doane 

Male hypopygium with apex of basistyle obtuse, or 

in cases, produced into a short point; lobe of 

posterior crest of inner dististyIe terminating in a 

slender spine .... armata awanichi Alexander 

28 Male hypopygium with basistyle produced over insertion 

of dististyle as a flattened plate; ninth tergite 

with lateral lobes only slightly produced, appearing 

obliquely truncate (fig. 180) . yosemife Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 178, 179) with basistyle produced 

into a short arm that forks into two divergent 

spines; ninth tergite with lateral lobes long- 

29 

30 

produced ............... 29 

Lateral tergal arms simple, elongate; inner dististyle 

with apex enlarged, the posterior crest prolonged, 

longer than the beak (fig. 179) . saylori Alexander 

Lateral tergal anns broad, irregularly lobed near apex; 

inner dististyle with apex small, posterior crest a 

small spinous point that is much shorter than the 

beak (fig. 178) ...... mariposa Alexander 

Nasus lacking; mesonotal praescutum with a darkened 

central vitta (male hypopygium with tergal lobes 

low, thickened and unusually glabrous, the margins 

subtruncate or oblique; outer dististyle dilated at 

apex, inner style with outer basal lobe a simple 

yellow cushion; phallosome including four spines or 

blades, the gonapophyses paired; eighth sternite 

without lateral lobes, the setae relatively few, 

placed on margin or in the membrane of the 

truncated or slightly convex border) (figs. 169, 

172, 173) .............. 31 

VI11 usitata group 

Nasus present; central stripe of mesonotal praescutum 

pale ............... 34 

31 Male hypopygium (fig 173) with body of inner 

dististyle long and narrow, beak extended, with a 

deep incision on lower margin, the lower beek wry 

low and ob-, outer basal lobe large, dorsal in 

position; outer dististyle with blade large, darkened; 

gonapophyses with all elements simple. usitata Doane 

32 

33 

34 

Male hypopygium (bgs. 169, 172) with body of 

inner dististyle high, the beak slender, without a 

deep incision beneeth, lower beak distinct; outer 

basal lobe smaller, posterior in position; outer 

dististyle with the blade smaller, yellowed; gonapophyses 

with dements simple or (inusiteta) with one 

forked near tip ............ 32 

Male hypopygium (fig. 172) with the unpaired dement 

of the phallosome forked near tip (outer 

dististyle with blade small, yellow; inner style with 

beak slemder, lower beak distinct, low and obtuse) 

inusitata Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 169) with all elements of the 

phallosome simple ........... 33 

Inner dististyle (fig. 169) with beak relatively short, 

the margin behind its base not elevated, posterior 

crest well-developed; lower beak stouQ outer basal 

lobe relatively small, not reachiig the dorsal level 

of the style ....... grahamina Alexander 

Inner dististyle with outer margin of beak elevated 

before the smaller posterior crest; lower beak 

slender; outer basal lobe large, extended dorsally 

to above the level of the style ... biunca Doane 

Basistyle not produced beyond the point of insertion 

of the dististyles (figs. 127, 128, 132-135, 137- 

144,lM) .............. 35 

Basistyle produced beyond the insertion of the


dististyle as a flattened scooplike or triangular blade 

or extended into spinous points (figs. 119, 120, 125, 

126, 129-131, 145, 151-155) . . . . . . . 50 

35 Ninth tergite with the lateral lobes long-produced 

(figs. 137, 138); eighth sternite narrowed outwardly, 

sheathing, with slender lateral lobes and a 

central pencil of very long reddish setae that extend 

beyond the ends of the lateral lobes (ninth sternite 

bilobed; outer dististyle long and slender, setae 

numerous; inner styles differing on the two sides, 

the body of style a narrow rod with both beaks 

close together; outer basal lobe large, with spines; 

phallosome with four spines) . . . . . . . . 36 

M megdabiata group 

Ninth tergite with lateral lobes not conspicuously produced; 

eighth sternite not as above . . . - . 37 

36 Male hypopygium (6g. 137) with dististyles of the 

two sides markedly asymmetrical, as shown by the 

outer basal lobe which is stmngly spined on one 

side, virtually simple on the other; phallosome with 

the four spines long and subequal . . . . . . 

megalabiata megdabiata Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 138) with dististyles only 

slightly asymmetrical, the outer basal lobe of one 

side simple, of the other with a very small spinous 

point before tip; phallosome with a single pair of 

strongly developed spines, the lower set with two 

small spines on either side . . . . . . . . 

megalabiata referfa Alexander 

37 Outer dististyle conspicuously expanded outwardly 

to appear triangular or with outer margin slightly 

emarginate to appear weakly bilobed (figs. 133- 

135); compare also the boregoensis group (XIV) 

which has the inner dististyle without a lower beak 

and the marginal setae of eighth sternite reduced 

in numbers (ovipositor with cerci tridenate at tips 

-not known for cnacnabi) . . . . . . . . 38 

X flawmarginata group 

Outer dististyle more or less cylindrical, narrowed 

outwardly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 

38 Wings without darkened pattern, the whitened 

obliterative area at cord inconspicuous; male 

hypopygium (fig. 135) with posterior margin of 

ninth tergite thickened and transversely 

wrinkled, without spines; inner dististyle with dorsal 

crest not elevated, the region of the posterior crest 

with two acute spines . . . tnrculenta Alexander 

Wings slightly patterned with darker, including a 

small brown cloud at origin of Rs, the whitened 

obliterative area at cord conspicuous; male hypopygium 

(figs. 133, 134) with tergal margin normal, 

not thickened, provided with spinous points; inner 

dististyle with dorsal crest elevated, its margin 

with microscopic spines or fimbriations; no spines 

in region of the posterior crest . . . . . . . 39 

39 Ninth tergite (lig. 134) without lateral lobee, the 

central region produced into two strong divergent 

black spines, with a smaller more lateral pair beneath; 

inner dististyle with beak long and slender, 

the dorsal crest with small but conspicuous serrations; 

outer basal lobe produced into a long slender 

spine (Oregon Report, p. 38, fig. 7) . . . . . 

macnabi Alexander 

Ninth tergite (fig. 133) with lateral lobes produced, 

on lower surface before apex with a long slender 

spine; inner dististyle with beak broadly obtuse, 

dorsal crest high, hyaline, with inconspicuous 

microscopic fimbriations; outer basal lobe a 

flattened pale blade, the tip acute . . . . . . 

flavomarginata Dome 

40 Male hypopygium (figs. 139-141) with outer basal 

lobe of inner dististyle a compressed-flattened 

kidney-shaped blade that n a m into a long 

slender spine (antennae of male with flagellar 

segments conspicuously constricted to appear 

binodose; ovipositor with cercus tridentate at tip, 

41 

42 

as in the flavomarginata group) . . . . . . 41 

XI d o c group 

Male hypopygium not as above . . . . . . 43 

Wings evidently patterned with darkened clouds in 

most cells, more conspicuous over the anterior cord 

and at origin of Rs, with a further more or less 

distinct darkening along vein R at near onethird 

the length of cell R; male hypopygium (figs. 139, 

140) with margin of tergite extended into two acute 

spines; inner dististyle with lower beak lacking . 

Wings with darkened pattern much less evident, the 

markings over the anterior cord and at origin of 

Rs small, lacking in cell R; male hypopygium 

(6g. 141) with tergal lobes not produced into conspicuous 

spines; inner dististyle with lower beak 

conspicuous, separated from the beak by a narrow 

emargination 

. . . . . . . twightae Alexander 

Ninth tergite (fig. 139) with the major spines widely 

separated; lateral armature consisting of a low 

flattened ledge on either side. . . d o c Alexander 

Ninth tergite (fig. 140) with the major spines large, 

approximated at the midline; lateral armature a 

long very slender spine that is directed laterad . 

pedidiosa Alexander 

43 Male hypopygium (figs. 146-150) with the body of 

the inner dististyle including a slender stem that is 

dilated at apex to form a flattened head; phallosome 

an elongate sclerotized rod, its apex extended 

into two slender parallel spines; eighth sternite 

sheathing, at apex produced into two divergent 

flaps, their inner margin with a row of long 

yellow setae . . . . . . . . . . . . , . 44 

XI1 sequoianun group 

Hypopygial characters not M above . . . . . . 47 

44 Ninth tergite (fig. 150) with each lateral lobe 

terminating in an acute spinous point; inner 

dististyle with region of dorsal crest above the 

beak appearing as a highly arched blade . . . . 

45 

Ninth tergite (figs. 146-149) with lobes not terminating 

in an acute point (the small lateral shoulders 

excluded); inner dististyle without an arched 

dorsal crest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 

Outer basal lobe with two Battened blades, their tips 

obtuse (fig. 147) 

Outer basal lobe with one or more spinous points 

42 

sequoianun Alexander 

. . . . . . martini Alexander 

(figs. 146, 148, 149) . . . . . . . . . . 46


46 Inner dististyle with apical head small, including a 

slender blade; outer basal lobe appearing as a plate 

that divides into a narrow flattened blade and a 

slightly longer spine; phallosome with apical spines 

powerful, only a little shorter than the stern (figs. 

148, 149) ......... papersi Alexander 

Inner dististyle with head long, transverse, without a 

separate blade; outer basal lobe a plate that divides 

and subdivides into two or three spinous points; 

phallosome with apical spines small and very 

slender, not more than one-third as long as the 

stem (fig. 146) ...... downeSi Alexander 

47 Male hypopygium (6gs. 132, 142-144) with outer 

dististyle longcylindrical, inner style including one 

or two long spines on outer basal lobe; eighth 

sternite with posterior border concave, with 

abundant long setae (lower beak present or lacking) 48 

XIII diabofica group 

Male hypopygium (figs. 127, 128) with outer 

dististyle dilated outwardly, inner style with outer 

basal lobe a simple flattened pale blade, not 

spinous; eighth sternite with posterior border 

truncate or slightly convex, the setae reduced to 

about 15 to 20 in eech of two separate groups 

(lower beak lacking) .......... 49 

XIV boragosnsis group 

48 Wings with a weak brown pattern, including small 

clouds at origin of Rs and fork of Sc; whitened 

obliterative area at cord large and conspicuous; 

rn-cu at or beyond fork of M ~ +4; male hypopygium 

(6g. 132) having the ninth sternite with relatively 

few but very long and slender setae; inner dististyle 

with a small acute lower beak, posterior crest a 

triangular pale blade, outer basal lobe a broad 

flattened plate that is farther produced into a single 

long spine and a flattened blade (Oregon Report, 

p. 35, fig. 5) ....... diabolica Alexander 

Wings unpattemed except for the brown stigma; 

whitened obliterative area at cord small and incon- 

spicuous, rn-cu at or near midlength of the short 

Ms+4; male hypopygium (figs. 142-144) having 

the ninth sternite with numerous short stout yellow 

setae; inner dististyle without a lower beak or 

posterior crest; outer basal lobe with two long 

spines ......... macswaini Alexander 

49 Male hypopygium (fig. 127) with posterior border of 

tergite nearly truncate, with a large recurved plate 

on lower surface of each lobe; inner dististyle 

with beak slender, unarmed, region of posterior 

crest produced into a triangular point or flange, 

outer basal lobe a flattened parallel-sided seti- 

femus blade; phallosome not produced into slender 

spines ........ boregoensis Alexander 


tergite broadly emarginate, lobes obtuse, each with 

a microscopic projection on lower surface; inner 

dististyle with beek stouter, with a small blackened 

subterminal tooth or point, region of posterior 

crest not produced, outer basal lobe virtually 

glabrous, strongly narrowed on outer half; phallosome 

subcylindrical, each half extended into a long 

slender curved spine . .... 

50 Male hypopygium (figs. 151-1551 with outer 

tirnberlakei Alexander 

51 

52 

53 

54 

55 

dististyle very small, only two or three times as 

long as broad, with few setae, usually ten or lees 

(ninth tergite with obtuse lateral arms or lobes; 

basistyle produced beyond the insertion of the 

dististyles as a narrow blade or stout spine; inner 

dististyle with both beak and lower beak present; 

outer basal lobe a simple setifemus lobe or spine, 

in bemardinemis scarcely developed; eighth sternite 

without lateral lobes, with two separate brushes, or 

in cases a single continuous one, comprised of long 

setae; phallosome with two or more spines or 

flattened blades) ........... 51 

XV splendens group 

Male hypopygium with outer dististyle longer, with 

more numerous setae .......... 56 

Lateral arms of ninth tergite (fig. 153) extended into 

an acute slender spine (spine of basistyle simple; 

phallosome appearing rectangular in outline, the 

aedeagus slightly produced) . lassenensis Alexander 

Lateral tergal arms not 90 produced (figs. 151, 

152, 154, 155) ............ 52 

Ninth tergite (fig. 152) with lateral angles produced 

into stout arms, their apices with further short 

knobs or points, in spJendena these including only a 

single small point at each outer angle of ann . . 53 

Ninth tergite (@. 151, 154, 155) without lateral 

lobesasdescribed ........... 54 

Lateral arms of tergite stout, at apex short-branched 

or knobbed into short lobes, median area unarmed 

(fig. 152); basistyle with outer blade broad, near 

tip with a small blackened point; inner dististyle 

with beak a long slender straight rod, region of 

posterior crest with a strong spine . . fametlafa Doane 

Lateral arms of tergite simple, at apex with each outer 

angle a short blackened point, median tergal region 

with several microscopic points; basistyle with outer 

blade narrow; inner dististyle with beak slender 

but not elongate, no spine in region of posterior 

crest but with an abrupt dorsal crest. splendens Doane 


Margin of median area of tergite with two slender 

spines and additional smaller points; inner dististyle 

with beak broad, the apex truncate (lateral tergal 

arms moderately produced, at apex with two small 

points; eighth sternite with setal brush of posterior 

margin continuous) (fig. 154) . . miwok Alexander 

Ninth tergite and inner dististyle not as above 

(fie. 

151, 155) ............ 55 

Lateral tergal arms before tip on lower face with 

three small recurved points or obtuse spines, the 

median tergal area with microscopic roughenings; 

spine of basistyle simple, long and slender, pale 

throughout; inner dististyle with beak relatively 

short, region of outer basal lobe not produced; 

eighth sternite with posterior border truncate or 

weakly convex, with a weak median brush of long 

yellow setae (fig. 151) . . bemardinensis Alexander 

Lateral tergal arms broad, without apical armature, 

the median tergal area very extensive and virtually 

smooth; spine of basistyle short and stout, terminating 

in a small blackened point; inner dististyle 

with beak moderately long, region of outer basal 

lobe not protuberant; eighth sternite with posterior


border gently emarginate, with two separate brushes 

of setae (fig. 155) ...... t v a Alexander 

56 Basistyle produced into an arm that terminates in 

darkened acute points or spines (figs. 119, 120, 

125, 126) .............. 57 

Basistyle extended for some distance beyond the point 

of insertion of the dististyles as a pale flattened 

blade or scoop without spit~ous points (figs. 129- 

131, 145) .............. 60 

57 Basistyle produced into a single strong spine 

(figs. 119, 120) ............ 58 

XVI acutipleura group 

Basistyle produced into a flattened arm that terminates 

in two blackened spinous points (ovipositor 

with valves of cerci short and obtuse) (figs. 

125, 126) .............. 59 

X M atrasrrmma group 

58 Ninth tergite (fig. 119) terminating in two narrow 

pointed lobes, without a medii projection; outer 

dististyle expanded outwardly, inner style with 

lower beak virtually lacking, the outer basal lobe 

of moderate s h phallosome very conspicuous, 

shield-shaped, bearing two pairs of strong spines; 

posterior border of eighth sternite with two small 

widely separated lobes bearing relatidy few long 

setae. .......... acutiplewa Bane 

Ninth tergite (fig. 120) with two broader pointed 

lobes, the median area extended into a narrow 

projection that terminates in pale membrane; outer 

dististyle broad, slightly narrowed outwardly, inner 

style with lower beak distinct, outer basal lobe very 

large, nearly equal to the body of the style; phsllosome 

narrow, without spinous points; posterior 

border of eighth sternite with a broad low convex 

lobe with numerous long setae . spinerecta Alexander 

59 

In male, ninth tergite (fig. 125) with lateral lobes 

small, widely separated, at mid-area of lower 

surface with two divetgent black spines; inner 

dististyle strongly constricted before the large 

flattened apical head; eightfi sternite with outer 

margin conveq with relatively few weak setae. In 

female, ovipositor short and blunt, cerci appearing 

as obtuse oval lobes with numerous long yellow 

setae and fewer darkened spinoid bristles; hypovalvae 

broad-based, extended into an acute spine . 

atrasunane Bane 

In male, ninth tergite (fig. 126) with lateral lobes 

large, flattened, separated by a small U-shaped 

emargination, at its base beneath with a blackened 

plate that is produced into short lateral points or 

spines, with a more cephalic extension, the border 

with three small points; inner dististyle only 

modwately constricted before the small apical head; 

eighth sternite with outer margin convex, with a 

large central area and smaller narmw lateral extensions, 

with numerous long yellow setae. In the 

female, ovipositor short and obtuse, cerci oval with 

small darkened tubercles that bear yellow setae; 

hypovalvae short, apical point small and inconspicuous 

......... vifabiilis Alexander 

60 Basistyle (figs. 130, 131) produced caudad into an 

61 

62 

elongate pale blade, its outer half narrowed, the 

posterior margin fringed with long setae; dististyles 

inserted on lower face of basistyle before midlength, 

the inner style a virtually simple straight rod, the 

beak or head suboval, darkend, outer basal lobe 

a direct backward extension of body of style, p m 

duced into an elongate spine; eighth sternite sheathing, 

the posterior border strongly concave, with two 

brushes of long yellow setae+ the mner group on 

either side much shorter ......... 61 

XVIII degeneri group 

Hypopygium not as above, the basistyle (figs. 129, 

145) produced into a thin triangular or scooplike 

blade; inner dististyle not as described .... 62 


tergite shalIowIy emarginate, the lobes truncate: 

inner dististyle with the beak a simple oval 

blackened head; outer basal lobe a flattened blade, 

its lower angle produced farther into a slender 

glabrous spine ....... degeneri Alexander 


tergite deeply emarginate, the lobes adjoining the 

notch point& 

inner dististyle with the beak 

bilobed; outer basal lobe a powerful curved arm 

that narrows gradually into a terminal spine, the 

upper surface with numerous very long yellow 

setae ......... memedensis Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 145) with region of the outer 

basal lobe of inner dististyle with spinous points; 

median region of posterior border of eighth sternite 

a very low slightly convex cushion that is provided 

with a single or double brush of sparse setae . . 63 

= pal- group 

Male hypopygium (fig. 129) with region of outer 

basal lobe of inner dististyle an irregular pale fleshy 

lobe without spinous points; eighth sternite virtually 

glabrous, without lobes or other projections, the 

margin convex with few small scattered setae. . 64 

XX dorsimacula group 

63 Male hypopygium having the inner dististyle with 

two Iong narrow rods or blades in region of the 

outer basal lobe, the more posterior of these anns 

forked at apex, its lower point with strong setae 

paZmazum Alexander 

Inner dististyle (fig. 145) with a single short curved 

pale rod in region of the outer basal lobe, this 

forked at apex, without setae . . relotypa Alexander 

64 Wings with the ground color light brown with conspicuous 

whitened areas before midlength of celIs 

Cu and 1st A, near outer ead of cell M and as a 

band in outer radial cells beyond the cord ... 

dorsrmrrcula dorsimacule Walker 

Wings with the ground color brownish orange, clear 

orange in the prearcdar and costal fields; whitened 

areas very reduced, lacking in the Anal field, those 

in cell M and the outer radial field small; male 

hypopygium (fig. 129) . dorsida slrasta Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) acutipleura bane 

(Fig. 119; Map 22)


Tipula acutipleura Doane, 1912, Ent. Soc. her. Ann. 5:42. 

Holotype 8; San Diego, San Diego County, OW. (CAS). 

Geokraphic range.-Knawn only from California 

California records.dAN DIECO CO.: Del Mar, IV-15-45 

(J. A. Comstoclr, CPA); San Diego (WSU); typa. 

decayed leaves, 111-5-15. adult emerged III-15-15 (R. W. 

Doane, CAS); III-2%IV-1915 (R. W. Doane, CAS). 

Stephens Creek, V-1-27 (E. H. Nast, CAS). SHASTA CO.: 

without exact locality, V-3&21 (R. W. Doane, CAS). Bumey, 

V3039 (M. A. Mer, CPA). Sis~lyou Co.: Grass Lake, 

VI-22-64 (D. G. Denning, CPA). Walker, V-29-20 (C. L. 

Fox, CAS). SONOMA Co.: Mount St. Helena, V-12-25, V-12- 

26 (E. P. Van bee, CAS). TRINITY Co.: Near Del Lorna, 

VI-20-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). TUOLUMNE Co.: Basin Creek 

CampmUnd, VI-2-63 (P. H. AmUd, CAS). 

L -- I. 

u Y. I .Is D I* ,I ,,, ,I ,. ,? 

Map 23. Locality records in California for Tipula (Lunatipdd 

dbofascia Dome (circles). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) albofascia Doane 

(Fig. 121; Map 23) 

Tipula albofascia b e , 1901, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 9:126. 

Holotype 0 ; Corvallis, Oregon (WSU). 

Synonym-Tipula biarmata Doane, 1912, Ent. Soc. her. 

Ann. 5:55. Holotype 8 ; Keyport, Washington (CAS). 

Geographic range.-California, Oregon, Washiigton. 

Cafifornia DEL NO- CO.: 26.5 mi. NE of 

Crescent City, VI-22-59 (G. W. By-, UK). EL D0-m 

CO.: 3 mi. S of Camiio, VI-23-48 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS). 

Fallen Leaf Lake, VII-14-15 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS). Pollock 

Pines, VL25,26-48 (P. D. Hurd and L. W. Quate, CIS); 

VI-3-58 (P. H. Amaud, CAS). Snowline Camp, VI-24/27-48 

(P. D. Hurd, CIS). LAKE Co.: Lower Lake, V-10-26 (M. C. 

Van Duzee, CAS). MARIN CO.: Alpine Lake, IV-24-58 (D. 

D. Linsdale, CIS). Mill Valley, IV-19-50 (H. B. Leech, CPA). 

MARIPOSA CO.: Yosemite National Park, Vernal Falls, 5000 

feet, VII-1-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Yoaemite Valley, 

4000 feet, VI-25-21 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS); VI-16-27 (E. 

H. Nast, CAS); VI-25-58 (D. Burdick, CIS); VI-6-64 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). MONTEREY CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, 

Hastings Reservation, Finch Creek, VI-24-48 (J. Linsdale, 

HR). NEVADA CO.: Rush Creek, along Highway 49, V-24-64 

(D. G. Denning, CPA). SANTA CLARA CO.: Mount Hamilton, 

V-19-40 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). Pa10 Alto, pupa in 

Map 24. Locality records in California for Tipula (Lunafipula) 

armata armata Doane (circles), T. (L.) armafa awanichi 

Alexander (triangles), and T. (L.) atrasumma Doane (squares ) . 

Tipula (Lunatipula) armata armata Doane 

(Fig. 124; Map 24) 

Tipula armata Doane, 1901, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 9:119. 

Holotype 8; Seattle, Washington (WSU). 

Synonym.-Tipula varia Dome, 1901, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 

9:122. Holotype 0; Seattle, Washington (WSU). 


California records.-LAKE CO.: 6 mi. S of Middletown, 

V-12-26 (M. C. Van Duzee, CAS). SHASTA CO.: Burney, 

V-30-39 (M. A. Cazier, CPA). TIUNITY CO.: Near Del Loma, 

VI-29-59 (G. W. By-, UK). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) armata awanichi Alexander 

(Map 24) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) awanichi Alexander, 1947, South. Calif. 

Acad. Sci. Bul. 46:38-39, fig. 3 ( 6 hyp.). 


(CPA). 

Geographic range.-Known only from California.


California records.--leL DoruDo Co.: Pollock Pines, VI- 

26-48 (L. M. Quate, CIS). Snowline Camp, VI-24-48 (P. D. 

Hurd, CIS). Co.: Miami Ranger Station, VI-7-40 

(T. H. G. Aitken and M. A. Cazier, CPA). Yosemite National 

Park, Mirror Lake, 4000 feet, VI-6-39 (T. H. G. Aitken and 

A. Dowries, CPA); Wawona, 6OOO feet, VI-6-39 (A. Downes, 

CPA); Ywemite Falls Trail, 5000 feet, VI-2758 (D. Burdick, 

CIS). MONTEREY Co.: Santa Luci Mountains, Hastings 

Reservation, V-8-46; Big Creek, VI-848, VI-1-50, V-25-51 

(J. Liisdale, HR, UK). NJWADA Co.: cisco, VI-13-39 (M. 

A. Mer, CPA). PLUMAS Co.: Meadow Valley, 3500-4000 

feet, VI-15-24 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS). SAN BERNARDINO 

CO.: San Bernardino Mountains, Barton Flats, 6300 feet, 

VII-20-46 (J. L. Spew, CPA); Lost Creek, VII-16-46 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN DIEGO Co.: Palomar Mountain, 

Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VII-3/6,1445 (J. A. Comstodc, 

CPA); VII-12-46 (C. P. Alexander and J. A. Comstock, 

CPA); type. SHASTA Co.: Bumey, V-30-39 (M. A. Mer, 

CPA). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) atrasumma -ne 

(Fig. 125; Map 24) 

Tipula atrasunrme Doane, (olim atrisumuaa Doane), 1912, 

Ent Soc. her. Ann. 5:42-43. 

Holotype 8 ; San Diego, San Diego County, Calif. (CAS). 


California records.--coNTRA COSTA Co.: Mount Diablo, 

111-26-41 (B. Brookman, CPA). Los ANOkLEs Co.: 111-16-45 

(M. C. Van Duzee, CAS). MONTXREY Co.: Santa Lucia 

Mountains, Hastings Reservation, II-8-51 (J. hsdale, CIS). 

RIVERSIDE Co.: Andreas Canyon, IV-2245 (J. A. Conwtock, 

CPA). Riverside, 1-19, II-19/22-35 (P. H. Timberlake, 

CPA). I1 mi. S of Twentynine Palms, XII-2-42 (Grace and 

J. L. Sperry, CPA); Joshua Tree National Monument, Live 

Oak Tank, IV-2244 (A. L. Melander, CPA). SAN DIEGO 

CO.: Del Mar, IV-1945 (J. A. Comstock, CPA). Mount Laguna 

Junction, 111-2741 (M. A. Steffan, CIS). San Diego (CAS); 

type. SAN LUIS OBISPO Co.: Mom Rock, IV-5-58 (C. D. 

Hwe~, CPA). SAN MA= Co.: San B ~ M~~t~tain~, 

o III- 

29-61 (P. H. Amaud, CAS); 11-27-62 (J. A. Powell, CIS). 

SANTA BARBARA Co.: Summerland, III-17-60 (Carl Kirkwood, 

CPA). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) bernardinensis Alexander 

(Fig. 151; Map 25) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) benaanlimnsis Alexander, 1945, Canad. 

Ent 77: 143-144. 

Holotype $; Idyllwild, Riverside County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.--Known only from California. 

California records-LoS ANO~LES Co.: Big Pines, VIII-2- 

44 (A. L. Melander, CPA). RNERSIDE Co.: San Jacinto 

Mountains, Idyllwild, VI-15-40 (C. D. Michener, CPA); 

type. Outlet of Lake Fulmor, 5200 feet, VI-29-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO Co.: San Bemardmo 

Mountains, Barton Flats, 6300 feet, VII-15-46 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) biavicularia Alexander 

(Fig. 162; Map 25) 

Tipula (Lunatipufa) biavidmia Alexander, 1965, Pacific 

Insects 7:367-368. 

Map 25. Locelity records in California for Tipda (Lunatipula) 

lserdi-.s Alexander (circles), T. (L.) biavidaria Alexander 

(triangles), and T. (L.) bifalcata Dome (squares). 

Holotype 8, Allotype 0; Strawberry, Tuolumne County, 

Calif. (CIS). 

Geographic ra@e.-Known only from California. 

California record.--TUo~u~~~ Co.: Strawberry, VIII-14- 

60 (D. Q. Cavagnaro, CIS); typas. 

Tipula (Lunatipula) bifdcata Doane 

(Fig. 122, Map 25) 

Tipula bifdcata h e , 1912, Ent. Soc. her. Ann. 5:55. 

Holotype 0 ; San Diego, San Diego County, Calif. (CAS 1. 

oeogrephic ran&.-California, Washington. 

Cdifomia record8.aNTRA COSTA CO.: Mount Diablo, 

3000 feet, IV-28-39 (M. A. Mer, CPA). EL DORADO Co.: 

Fallen Leaf Lake, VII-14-15 (E. C. Van Dyke, CPA). 

MARWOSA CO.: Yosemite National Park, VI-10-35 (A. L. 

Melander, CPA). Mom Co.: Davis Creek, VII-13-22 (A. 

W. Lindsey, CPA). MONTEREY Co.: Santa Lucia Mountains, 

Hastings Reservation, Cachagua Creek, V-21-51; Finch 

Creek, V-21-43, IV-3046, VI-1048; Robertson Creek, V- 

12/21-50; Upper Big Creek, V-30-50; Upper Finch Creek. 

V-29-50 (J. Linsdale, CAS, CIS, UK, HR). RIVERSIDE CO.: 

Elsinow V-13-45 (G. GlUCk- CPA). SAN BERNARDMO Cos: 

Crestline, VI-19-44 (A. L. Melander, CPA). San Bemardin0 

Mountains, Mill Creek Canyon, VI-25-20 (F. R. Cole, CIS). 

Seven Oaks, SO00 feet, V-21-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

SAN DIW;O Co.: Palomar Mountain, VII-3/7-45 (J. A. 

Cornstock, CPA). San Diego (CAS); type. SAN MA- CO.: 

Redwood City, in hills, IV-3-43 (P. H. Amaud, CPA) . SANTA 

B- CO.: Santa Barbara, 111-17-36 (W. Procter, CPA).


Tipula (Lunatipula) bisetosa Doane 

(Fig. 163) 

Tipula bisetosa Doane, 1901, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 9:111-112. 

Holotype 8 ; Pullman, Washington (WSU). 

Geographic range.--California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington- 

California ~~cord.-Mo~ CO.: Davis Creek, SO00 fwt, 

W1-6-22 (A. W. Lindsey, CPA). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) biunca Doane 

Tipda biunca Doane, 1912, Ent Soc. Amer. Ann. 5:58. 

Holotype 8 ; "Southem California" (CAS). 

Geographic range.-Kn- only from California. 

California ~rd.s.-"Southem California," without exact 

data (ex Cornell UniverJity, Lot 35); (CAS) type. MONTEREY 

Co.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, Robertson 

Creek, VI-846 (J. Linsdale, CPA). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) bore@nGs Alexander 

(Fig. 127) 

Tipda (hmfipula) boragoensis Alexander, 1946, Brooklyn 

Ent Soc. Bul. 41:45-47. 

Holotype 8; Borngo Desert State Park, San Diego County, 

Cali. (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Kn- only from Caliiornia 

California -~s.--E 

Co.: Boyd Desert Research 

Station, Deep Canyon, IV-12-63 (W. A. Steffan, CIS). Chino 

Canyon, IV-19-60 (J. R. Pow=, CIS). SAN I)I&Go CO.: 

Borrego, IV-23-44 (J. L. Sperry, CPA); type 

Tipula (Lunatipula) calcarata Doane 

(Fig. 164) 

Tipula calcarata Doane, 1901, N. Y. Ent SOC. Jour. 9:107. 

Holotype 8; Mount Rainier, Washington (WSU). 

Geographic range.


Tipula (Lunatipula) diacanthophora Alexander 

(Fig. 165; Map 26) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) diacanthophora Alexander, 1945, South. 

Calif. Aced. Sci. Bul. 44:33-35, pl. 13 (3 hyp.). 

Holotype 8 ; Strawberry, Tuolumne Coung, Wi. (CPA). 


California records.-INYO CO.: Big Pine Creek, Glacier 

Lodge, 7800 feet, on sage hillsides, VII-10-57 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). MARIPOSA CO.: Yosemite National Park, 

Yosemite Valley, VI-25-21 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS). 

TUOLUMNE CO.: Pinecrest, IX-347 (P. H. Arnaud, CPA). 

Strawberry, VIII-6-39 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA); type. 

I. YIWA 

,/I Y Y, Y I” ,I I I ,. 3,. 

Map 27. Locality records in California for Tipule (Lunatipda) 

dido Alexander (circles), T. (L) dorsimaarla dorsimda 

Walker (squares), and T. (L.) dorsimacula ghesta Alexander 

(triangles). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) dido Alexander 

(Fig. 166; Map 27) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) dido Alexander, 1947, Pan-Pacific Ent 

23: 95-96. 

Holotype 8; East Barton Flats, San Bemardino County, 

Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.-&- only from California. 

California records.&~~ BERNARDINO (3.: San Bernanlino 

Mountains, East Barton Flats, 6300 feet, VI1-16,1746 (C. P. 

Alexander and J- L. Sperry, CPA); type. TUOLUMNB CO.: 

Strawberry, VIII-7-60 (D. Q. Cavagnaro, CIS). 

Tipula (Luna tipda) dorsimacula dorsimacula Walker 

(Map 27) 

Tipula dors~macufa Walker, 1848, List Dipt Brit Mus. 1:69. 

Type: Nova Scotia (BM). 

Synonym.-Tipula angustipem’s Loew, Dipt Amer. Sept. 

Ind., Cent. IV; 1863, Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 7:286. Lectotype 8; 

Massachusetts. (MCZ). 

Geographic re.-British Columbia eastward to New 

Brunswick and Nova Scotia; California, Montana, Utah. 

Calif0m.a n?corda.--hAMEDA CO.: Mey, IV-25-1898 

(CPA). MARIPOSA Co.: YoSemite National Park, Yosemite 

Museum, El Portal, V-18-38. SISKIYOU CO.: Yreka, IV-20- 

34 (J. T. Howell and L. S. Rose, CAS). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) dorsimacula shasta Alexander 

(Fig. 129, Map 27) 

Tipula dorsimacula shasta Alexander, 1919, Canad. Ent. 

51: 198-199. 

Holotype 8; Foothills of Mount Shasta, SisoriyOu County, 

calif. (ANSP). 


California records.-- (3.: Y d t e National Park, 

Valley Floor, 4000 feet, V-22-08 (CIS), V-2fL21 (E. C. Van 

Dyke, CAS). PLUMAS Co.: Meadow Valley, 3500-4000 feet, 

VI-1-24 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS), VI-4-24 (W. H. Nelson, 

CIS). SWA Co.: Burney, V-30-39 (M. A. Mer, CPA). 

Shingletown, VI-241 (C. W. Anderson, CIS). SISIUYOU Co.: 

Foothills of Mount Shasta, V-16/18-14 (J. A. Kde, CPA); 

types. Shasta Springs VI-5-20 (C. L. Fox, CAS). TRm- 

Co.: Carrville, 2400-2500 feet, V-21,2244 (E. C. Van Dyke, 

CAS). Eagle Creek, V-2849 (A. T. McClay, UCD). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) downesi Alexander 

(Fig; 146) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) dawtteai Alexaoder, 1944, Canad. Ent 

76: 171-172. 

Holotype 8; Y d t e National Park, Mirror Lake, Mariposa 

County, Cali. (CPA). 

Geographic rar@.-Known only from California. 

California record.--- 

CO.: Yosemite National Park, 

Mirror Lake, 4OOO feet, VI-6-39 (A. Down-, CPA); type. 

Tipula (Lunatipula) filamentosa Alexander 

(Fig. 167) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) Hamentoaa Alexander, 1959, Ent News 

70: 72-74. 

Holotype 8; Big Pine Creek, Glacier Lodge, Inyo County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California n?cord.-I~~o Co.: Big Pine Creek, Glacier 

Lodge, 7800 feet, sagecovered hillsidee, VII-10-57 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA); Qpe. 

Tipula (Lunatipula) Aavocauda bane 

Tipula flavocauda m e , 1912, Ent Soc. her. Ann. 5:60. 

Syntypes, 36, 39; stated as being “San Diego,” evidently 

in error. Probably from Arizona 

Synonym.-Tipula (Lunatipula) buenoi Alexander, 1946, 

Amer. Midland Nat 35:499, 6g. 4 (8 hyp.). Holotype 8; 

Coolidge, Arizona (CPA). 

Geographic range-Arkma, 

California, New Mexico. 

California recorda--s~~ ~ A R D I N O CO.: Mohave Desert, 

Big Rock Wash, V-1- (A. L. Melander, CPA). VictorVille, 

IV-23-55 (R. 0. Schuster, CIS); V-3-58 (P. D. Hurd, CIS).


.I ", ,I S I ,.I I. I. I" 

1 

"2 Y .I ,. ,I t. a,. I. I" 

- . A 

Map 28. Locality records in California for Tipula (Lunatipula) 

Aavomarghta Doene (circlee). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) fiavomarginata Doane 

(Fig. 133, Map 28) 

Tipula flavomarginata h e , 1912, Eat Soc. her. Ann. 

5:46-47. 

Syntypes, 88; San Diego, San Diego County, Calif. (CAS). 


California records.-A~~~~~~ Co.: Sunol, 9 mi. S of 

Calaveras Dam, V-11-41 (T. H. G. Aitken and B. Brookman, 

CPA). CONTRA COSTA Co.: MartinezJ V-6-39 (T. Kelley, 

CPA). EL Do- CO.: Pollock Pines, VI-26-48 (L. W. 

Quate, CIS). LAICE Co.: 6 mi. S of Middletown, V-12-26 

(M. C. Van DuEeg CAS). LQS ANG- CO.: Los Angeles. 

Griffith Park, V-19-45 (L. Whitelock, CPA). MASUN Co.: 

Alpine Lake, IV-24-58 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). Mil Valley, 

IV-26-49. IV-19-50, V-19-50 (H. B. Leech, CAS). 

MONTEREY Co.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastinp Reservation, 

IV-30-V-8-46, VI-26-48, V-21-VI-1-54 IV-9/27-51; 

Big Creak, V-5-12, VI-9-49, V-14/29-50; Finch Creek, 

V-21-43, V-9-46; Robertson Creek, V-21-50; Upper Big 

Canyon, V-19-50; Watertank Hill, under trees, V-14-50 (J. 

Linsdale, HR). Los Padres National Forest, Salmon Creek, 

V-2-64 (C P. Alexander and C. D. Hynes, CPA). RMSRSIDE 

CO.: Elsin-, V-13-45 (G. Glii~hrt, CPA). SAN DIEGO Co.: 

Palomar Mountain, 4700 feet, VII-6-45 (J. A. Comstock, 

CPA). San Diego; types. SAN LUIS 0- CO.: San Sieon 

Creek, V-3-58 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). SANTA BARBARA Co.: 

Santa Barbara, Alisal Creek, 111-23-36 (W. Procter, CPA). 

SANTA CLARA CO.: Alum Rock Park, 6 mi. E of San Jose, 

V-5-39 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). Mount Hamilton, 3000 feet, 

V-19-40 (T. H. G. Aitken. CPA). Stanford University, III- 

30-10 (R. W. Doane, CAS). 


grahamina Alexander (circles), T. (L.) hastin&ae Alexander 

(triangles), and T. (I.) inw'tata Alexander (Wuares). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) &ahamha Alexander 

(Fig. 169; Map 29) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) grahadna AI-der, 1963, Greet Basin 

Nat. 23: 162-164. 

Holotype 8; Kloppenberg Cave, Plumas County, Calif. 

Paratypes 8; Samuel Cave, Shasta County; Hall City Cave, 

Trinity County, Calif. (CPA). 


Celifom-a records.-P~mAS CO.: Kloppenberg Cave, Ix- 

19-59 (R. E. Graham, AM"); No. 1351, type. SHASTA CO.: 

Samuel Cave, VI-13-59 (R. E. Graham, AM"); NO. 1162, 

type. TRINITY CO.: Hall City Cave, VIII-59 (R. de Saussure, 

AM"); No. 1286, type, VIII-25-63 (R E. Graham, 

AM"). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) hastingsae Alexander 

(Fig. 174; Map 29) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) hastingtme AlexanderJ 1951, Brooklyn Ent. 

Soc. Bul. 46:87-89. 

Holotype 8; Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County, Calif. 

(CPA). 

Geographic range,known only from Califwnia. 

Celif0m.a recorda--CoNTRA COSTA CO.: Mount Diablo, 

2860 feet, V-12-40 (M. A. Cazier, CPA); we. EL DORADO 

CO.: Shingle Springs, V-27-39 (M. A. Cazier, CPA). Los 

ANGEL= CQ.: pl Monte, San Gabriel River Bird Sanctuary, 

V-21-45, VI-17-45 (L. M. Martin, CPA). MARIN CO.: In- 

verness. VI-28-62 IC. A. Toschi, CIS). Mi11 VaIIey, VI-19- 

50, V-21-59 (H. B. Leech, CAS). MONTEREY Co.: Santa


Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, VI-13-38, IV-26-43, 

V-9,23-43, V1-8/2343, VI-1345, V-946, V-29,30-50, VI- 

5-50, V-25,2641 (J. Linsdale, CAS, CIS, CPA, HC, UK, HR, 

CPA). RIVERSIDE Co.: San Jacinto River, in chaparral in 

canyon above Hemet, V-14-39 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). SAN 

BERNARDINO CO.: Big Bear Valley, VIII-12-33 (P. H. Timberlake, 

CPA). San Bernardino Mountains, Mill Creek 

Canyon, VIElCL22 (F. R. Cole, CIS). SAN I)reoo Co.: Del 

Mar, IV-29-VI-lW5 (J. A. Comstock, CPA). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) inusitata Alexander 

(Fig. 172; Map 29) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) inusitata Alexander, 1949, Brooklyn Ent 

SOC. Bul. 44:17-18. 


Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic ran&.--Known only from Caliiomia. 

California recOrds.-ALAMgDA Co.: Berkeley, V419 (E. 

P. Van Duzee, CAS). HVMBOLDT CO.: Prairie Creek State 

Park, in spider web, VII-9-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

MONTEREY Co.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Resenation, 

VI-2949, V-3-50, VI-2-51 (J. Linsdale, CIS, CPA). 

SANTA CLARA Co.: Stanford University, 111-IV, 1915 (R. W. 

Doane, CAS); IV-10-V-1915 (R. W. Doane, CPA); type. 

Tipula (Lunatipula) kirkwoodiana Alexander 

(Fig. 156) 

Tipule (Lunatipula) kirkwdiana, 1965, Pacific Insects 7:368- 

369. 

Holotype 8; Ozena Forestry Camp, Ventura County, Calif. 

(CPA). 



California record.-VmTuRA CO.: O2ena Foreet Camp, 3200 

feet, VI-563 (C. W. Kirkwood, CPA); type. 

Tipula (Lunatipula) lamellata Doane 

(Fig. 152) 

Tipula lamellata Doane, 1901, N. Y. Eat Soc. Jour. 9:105- 

106. 

Holotype 8; Pullman, Washington (WSU). 

Synonym.-Tipufa rangiferina Alexander, 1915, Acad. Nat 

Sci. Phila. Proc. 1915:498-499, fig. 17 (ven.), figs. 38, 55, 

70 ( 8 hyp.). Holotype 8 ; Beaver Creek, Montana (UK). 

Geographic range.-California, Montana, Oregon, Utah, 

Washingtun. 

California recods.-MONo Co.: Leavitt Meadow, 7200 feet, 

at light trap, VIII-13-63 (H. B. Leech, CAS). West Walker 

River, near Chris Flat Forest Camp, 6500 feet, VIE1850 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) lassenensis Alexander 

(Fig. 153) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) lassenensis Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 

7:369-370. 

Holotype 8 ; Reflection Lake, Shasta County, Calif. (CPA). 



California racord.--sHASTA CO.: Lassen Volcanic National 

Park, Reflection Lege, 5890 feet, VIII-5-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA); type. 

Tipula (Lunatipula) lucida Doane 

(Fig. 136) 

Tipula lucida Doane, 1901, N. Y. Ent. Soe. Jour. 9:126-127. 

Holotype 8; Collins, Idaho (WSU). 

Synonym.-Tipula evidens Alexander, 1920, Calif. Acad. Si. 

Proc. ser. 4, 10:44-45. Type 8; Huntington Lake, Fresno 

County, Calif. (CAS). 

Geographic range.-British Culumbia; California, Idaho, 


California records.-mo Co.: Huntington Lake, 7000 

feet, VII-16-19 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS); type of evidens. 

SISKIYOU CO.: East side of Mount Shasta, 6000 feet, VII-17- 

39 (M. C. Lane, CPA). Mount Shasta City, VI-30-58 (J. A. 

Powell, CIS); VI-18-59 (G. W. Byem, UK). 

Tipda (Lmafipda) macnabi Alexander 

(Fig. 134) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) amcnabi Al-der, 1939, Brooklyn Ent. 

Sot. Bd. 34:92-93. 

Holotype 8 ; Saddle Mountain, Boyer, Oregon (CPA). 

Geographic range.icalifomia, Oregon, Washington. 

California -rda-MONTEREY Co.: 6.5 mi. E of Kirk 

Creek, V-16-58 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). Santa Lucia Mountains, 

Hastings Reservation, Poison Oak Hill, VI-9-48 (J. Lmsdale, 

CIS). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) macswaini Alexander 

(Figs. 142-144) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) macnvaini Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects. 

7:370-371. 

Holotype 8 ; Auberry, Fresno County, Calif. (CIS). 


California -~~.-FREsNo Co.: Auberry, IV-13-49 

Craig, CIS); type. 

Tipula (Lunatipula) mariposa Alexander 

(Fig. 178) 

(R. 

Tipula (Lunatipula) mariposa Alexander, 1945, Canad. Ent 

77: 187-188. 

Holotype 8; Mormon Bar, Mariposa County, Calif. (CPA). 


California reC0rds-E~ DoRlun, CO.: Folsom City, V-27- 

39 (M. A. Cazier, CPA). MARIPOSA CO.: Mormon Bar, VI- 

-0 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA); type. SHASTA CO.: Without 

exact data, V-30-21 (R. W. Doane, CAS). SISKIYOU Co.: 

4 mi. NE of Weed, at light, VI-17-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) martini Alexander 

(Fig. 147) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) martini Alexander, 1965, Paciiic Insects 

7:371372. 

Holotype 8; Lebec, Kern County, Calif- (CAS). 


California record.--f(ERN CO.: Lek, V-15-28 (J. 0. 

-, CAS); type.



megalabiata megalabiata Alexander (circles), and T. (L.) 

megalabiata referta Almder (triangles). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) megalabia fa megalabiafa 

Alexander 

(Fig. 137; Map 30) 

Tipula megalabiata Alexander, 1915, Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 

3: 139-140. 

Holotype 8; Ormsby County, Nevada (USNM). 

Geographic range.--California, Nevada, 

- 


California -rds.-D~w NORTE Co.: State Line Brook, 


Alexander, CPA). EL Do~m Co.: Pollock Pines, VII-10-48 

(P. D. Hurd, CIS). Lake Tahoe. Eagle Creek, 6300 feet, VI- 

25-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). CO.: Miami 

Ranger Station, VI-7-40 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). MONO 

CO.: West Walker River, near Chris Flat Forest Camp, 6500 

feet, VII-HLSO (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO 

CO.: San Bemardino Mountains, %en Oaks, along Santa 

Ana River, SO00 feet, VI3063 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

SHASTA Co.: Castle Crags State Park, 2000 feet, VII-6/8- 

53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SI~RRA CO.: St Charles Hill, 

VII-7-26 (E. H. Nast, CAS). TUOLUMNB Co.: Pinecrest, VII- 

15-47, VIII-548 (P. H. Amaud, CPA). Strawberry, VIII- 

6-39 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) megalabiata referta Alexander 

(Fig. 138; Map 30) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) megalabiata referta Alexander, 1947, 

South. Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 46:4142. 


(CPA). 


California rewrd.&AN Co.: Palomar Mountain, 

Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VII-12-46 (C. P. Alexander and 

J. A. ComstocL, CPA); type. 

Tipula (Lunatipula) mercedensis Alexander 

(Fig. 131) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) memedensis Alexander, 1965, Great Basin 

Nat 25:50-51. 

Holotype 8; Yosemite National Park, Mariposa County, 

Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range,Known only from California. 

California record.-M~~ 

Co.: Yosemite National Park, 

trail along Merced River to Veinal Falls, 4200 feet, VI-12-63 

(J. H. mer, CPA); type. 

Tipula (Lunatijxda) mesotergata Alexander 

(Figs. 157, 158) 

Tipula mesotergata Alexauder, 1930, Brooklyn Ent Soc. Bul. 

25: 277-278. 

Holotype 8 ; Claremont, Los Angeles County, calif. (CPA). 


California records.-Los ANGELIS CO.: Claremont, on 

Artemisia tridentata, 1929 (H. E. Sweet, CPA); type. RIVER- 

SIDE CO.: San Jacinto Mountains, Idyllwild, V-22-40 (C. D. 

Michener, CPA ). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) miwok Alexander 

(Fig. 154) 

Tipula (Lunatipda) &o& 

Soc. Bul. 40:35-27. 

Alexander, 1945, Brooklyn Ent 

Holotype 3; Yosemite National Park, Mirror Lake, Mariposa 



California mrd.-MARIpos~ CO.: Yosemite National Park, 

Mirror Lake, 4000 feet, VI-6-39 (A. Downes, CPA); type. 

Tipula (Lunatipula) modoc Alexander 

(Fig. 139) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) modoc Alexander, 1945, South. Calif. 

Acad. Sci. Bul. 44:3!%37, PI. 14, (8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8 ; Cedarville, Modoc County, Calif. (CPA). 


California recods.-MoDoc CO.: Cedarville, V-29-39 (T. 

H. G. Aitken and M. A. Caaier, CPA); type. MONTEREY Co.: 

Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, Upper Big 

Canyon, V4-49 (J. Linsdale, CIS). SHASTA CO.: Without 

exact data, V-30-21 (R. W. Doane, CAS). Lassen Volcanic 

National Park, Hat Creek, V-25-52 (G. F. Pronin, CAS). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) palmarum Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) palmarum Alexander, 1947, Ent. News 

58 : 61-63. 

Holotype 8; Borrego, Palm Canyon, San Diego County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


Catifopja record.-sAN DIEGO CO. : Borrego, Palm Canyon, 

V-4-45 (4. L. Melander, CPA); type.

~ ," 

.(. 


Tipula (Lunatipula) perfidiosa Alexander 

(Fig. 140) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) periidima Alexander, 1945, South. Calif. 

Acad Sci BuL 44:3840, P1. 15 (8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8 ; Old Fort Tejon, Kern County, Calif. (-A). 

Geographic range.-Known only from Califomia. 

California records.-Kmw CO.: Old Fort Tejon, V-1539 

(T. H. G. Aitken, CPA); type. SM DIBOO Co.: Poser Mountain, 

ENE of Alpine, 3900 feet, V-19-63 (0. Shields, CPA). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) powetSi Alexander 

(Figs. 148, 149) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) powersi Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insecta, 

7:372-373. 

Holotype 8 ; Chino Canyon, Riverside County, Calif. (CIS). 


California rrw;ord;--RnmasmB CO.: Chino Canyon, IV-19- 

60 (J. R. Powe~, CIS); holotype$, allotype 0, paratypes 

&?. 

Tipula (Lunatipula) raysmithi Alexander 

(Fig. 159) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) raysmithi Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 

7:373-374. 

Holotype 8, 5 km. S of Dunsmuir, Siskiyou County, Calif. 

(CIS). 


California IBcoTCI.sIGKIMu Co.: 5 km. S of Dunsmuir, V- 

24-58 (C. L. Rothmann, CIS); type. 

Tipula (Lunatipula) saylori Alexander 

(Fig. 179) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) saylori Alexander, 1961, Greet Basin Nat. 

2 1 : 81-82. 

Holotype 8 ; Campo, San Diego County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.-CMiornie; Mexico (Baja California). 

California recods.-Sm DIEGO Co.: Campo, 2190 feet, 

V-1845 (L. W. Saylor, CPA); type. Guatay, N-28-63 (J. 

M. Meints, CPA). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) schlin&ri Alexander 

(Figs. 170, 171) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) dingeri Alexander, 1965, Pacific Instxts 

7: 374-376. 

Holotype 8; Sugar Bowl Lodge, Placer County, Calif. 

(CAS). 


California record.-PL.ACER 

19-51 (CAS); type. 

only frbm California. 

CO.: sugar Bowl Lodge, mI- 

Tipula (Lunatipula) sequoiarum Alexander 

(Fig. 150) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) sequoiarum Alexander, 1945, Broolclyn 

Ent. Soc. Bul. 40:33-35. 

Holotype 8; Sequoia National Park, Tulare County, Calif. 

(CPA). 


California records.--KERN CO.: Kem Canyon, V-9-61 (R. 

E, Bdlrny, 5016); 10 mi. HzO Point, V-9-61 (R. E- 

Bellamy, 5016, CPA). Lucas Creek, IV-18-62 (R. E. Bellmy, 

5138, CPA). TuLARe Co.: Sequoia National Park, VI-6/842 

(0. D-e, -A); tvpa 

Tipula (Lunatipula) spinerecta Alexander 

(Fig. 120) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) spinerecta Alexander, 1947, Canad Ent. 

79:70-71. 

Holotype 8 ; Cuyama Valley, Kern County, calif. (CAS). 

Geographic razge.-Known only from California 

California recod&-- Co.: 19 mi. E of Bakersfield, 

V-24/26-47 (P. H. Amaud, CPA). Cuyama Valley, IV-10- 

32 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS) types. 

- 

7' 

~ 

r. 

111 .. 

I" 

I,. 


sternata Doane (circles), T. (L.) tenaya Alexander (triangles), 

and T. (L.) tergata Doane (squares). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) sternata Doane 

(Fig. 160; Map 31) 

Tipula sternata Doane, 1912, Ent Soc. her. Ann. 5:56. 

Syntypes 28; Stanford University, S ~ t a Clara County, 

Calif. (CAS). 

Synonym.--Tipula megatergata Alexander, 1920, Calif. Acad. 

Sci. Proc. (4) 10:45-46. Holm 8; Clarernont, h Angeles 



California reCords.--Co~~~~ COSTA Co.: Mount Diablo, 

1200 feet, IV-24-39 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA); 3000 feet, N- 

28-39 (M. A. Cazier, CPA). LOS ANGELES CO.: Claremont, 

I- 

t I

associated with Artemisia tridentata (C. F. Baker and H. E. 

Sweet, CPA); type of megatergate. Los Angdes, Grifiith Park, 

V-1945 (L. Whitelock, CPA). M O ~ 00.: Y bta Luch 

Mountains, Hastings Reservation, V-646, Vd-49, V-I& 

VI-1-50, IV-9-51, V-25-51 (J. Lmsdale, CPA, CIS, HR, 

UK). RIVERSIDE Co.: Hemet, San Jachto River Canyon, in 

chaparral, V-14-49 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO 

CO.: San Bemardino Mountains, Seven Oaks, along Santa 

Ana River, 5000 feet, VI-30-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN 

DIEG~ Co.: Campo, 2190 feet, V-19-45 (L. W. Saylor, CPA). 

Mount Laguna P.O., VI-21-63 (J. A. Powell, CIS). Poser 

Mountain, 3900 feet, V-19-63 (0. Shields, CPA). SANTA 

CLARA Co.: Palo Alto; types of stemata. 

Tipula (Lunatipula) tenaya Alexander 

(Fig. 155, Map 31) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) tenaya Alexander, 1945, Canad. Ent 77: 

142-143. 

Holotype 8; Yosemite National Park, Mirror Lsk Mariposa 



California recorcjs.-EL Do- CO.: Pollock Pines, Vu- 

10-48 (P. I). Hurd, CIS). Snowline Camp, VI-24/27-48 

(P. D. Hurd, CIS). Co.: Yosemite National Park, 

Mirror Lake, 4000 feet, VI-6-39 (A. Downe~, CPA); tupe; 

Yosemite Valley, VI-27-58 (D. Bddc, CIS). SHASTA Co.: 

Castle Crags State Park, 2000 feet, VII-7,833 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA) . 

Tipula (Lunatipula) tergata Doane 

(Fig. 161; Map 31) 

Tipula tergata Doane, 1912, Ent Soc. her. Ann. 5:56-57. 

Holotype 8; Pyramid Lake, Nevada. Cotype, ''southern 

California" (CAS). 

Geographic ran&.--California, Nevada. 

California records.-"Southem California" without further 

data, type material (CAS). Imo Co.: Independence, N fork 

Oak Creek above fish hatchery, 5000 feet, VI-2-3 (C. P. 

Alexander, -A). 5 mi. N of Lane Pine, 3800 feet, V-15-64 

(J. D. Birchim, CPA). Camp Manzmar, 3800 feet, VI-245, 

VII-1/6-45 (J. M. Mayeda, CPA). KBRN 0.: Tejon Canyon, 

V-12-27 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS). L0s AN- Co.: 

Valyermo. V-13-44 (A. L. Melander, CPA). RlvBRslDB CO.: 

Chino Can-, IV-19-60 (J. R. POW-, CIS). SAN BERNAR- 

DINO CO.: Mojave Desert, Big Rock Wash, V-13-44 (A. L. 

Melander, CPA). San Bemardino Mountains, Mill Creek 

Camp, Thurman Flats picnic area, 3400 feet, V-6/24-63 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). Verdernont, Cajon Valley, IV-27-33 (E. 

P. Van Duzee, CAS). Victorville, V-2-53 (R. 0. Schuster 

and G. A. Marsh, CIS). SAN DIE00 Co.: Borreg~, IV-27-55 

(R. 0. Schuster, CIS). 2 mi. NE of Meside, 111-2941 (W. 

A. Steffan, CIS). Sm LUIS OB= CO.: 4 mi. W of Pas0 

Robles Creek, IV-22-32 (E. P. Van DuEee, CAS). R27, T 11 

N, S 31, IV-16-58 (C. D. Hpe~, CPA). VBNTU~U Co.: Northeast 

setion of Lockwood Creek, V-559 (G. 1. Stage, CIS). 

Ozena Forest Camp, 3200 feet, VI-25-63 (C. W. Kirlrwood, 

CPA) . 

Tipula (Lunatipula) timberlakei Alexander 

(Fig. 128; Map 32) 


". I. 

1 

I 

u * >" I. .. ,. .,, ,I. 

Map 32. Locality records m California for Tipula (Lunatipda) 

timberlakai Alexander (circles), T. (L) tdenta Alexander 

(triangles), and T. (L.) twightae Alexander ( s q ~ ) . 

Tipula (Lunatipda) timhrlakei Alexander, 1947, Canad Ent. 

79: 71-72. 

Holotype 8 ; Riverside, Riverside County, Calif. (CPA). 


California recod.-mm~ CO.: Riverside, 11-19-35, 

IV-1,2-35, 11-26-37 (P. H. Timberlaka, CPA); types. 

Tipula (Lunatipula) truculenta Alexander 

(Fig. 135; Map 32) 

Tipula (Lunatipda) truarlenta Alexander, 1943, Canad. Ent 

75: 144-145. 

Holotype 8; Monterey, Monterey County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic ran&.-Known only from California 

California records.--lOs ANGELIS Co.: Loa Angeles, Griffith 

Park, V-19-45 (L. Whitelock, CPA). Co.: Mill Valley, 

IV-21-26 (M. C. Van Dumq CAS). MONTEREY Co.: Arroyo 

Seco, IV-15-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). Monterey, 111-25-26 (E. 

P. Van Duzee, CAS); type. Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings 

Reservation, Big Creek, V-LGVI-1-50; Headquarters, V-8- 

46, 111-24/28-51, IV-9,10-51 (J. Lmsdale, CIS, CPA, HR, 

UK). SAN DIEGO CO.: Alpine, IV-1411-15 (M. C. Van be, 

CAS). Dd Mar, IV-1/29-45 (J. A. Cornstock, CPA.) San 

Diego, 111-27-16 (H. G. Dyar, USNM). SANTA CLARA Co.: 

Stanford University, 111-30-10 (R. W. Doane, CAS). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) twightae Alexander 

(Pig. 141; Map 32) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) twightae Alexander, 1959, Pan-Pacific Ent. 

35: 130-132.


Holotype 8; Castle Crags State Park, Shasta County, Calif. 

(CPA). 


California records;--HmBoLDT CO. : Redwood Highway, 

Avenue of the Giants, VI-21-59 (G. W. By- et al., UK). 

SHASTA CO.: Castle Crags State Park, 2000 feet, VII-8-53 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA); type. 

V-3-43, V-28-50; Finch Creek, VI-16-48 (J. Linsdale, -A). 

SAN MA- Co.: Montara, In-26V-143; reared from 

larvae in pile of dead cypress needles on roof (0. Bryant, 

CAS). Moss Beach, VI-20-52 (0. Bryant, CAS). Redwood 

City, IV-25-50 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). SANTA CLARA CO.: 

Stanford University, III-23/25-15, issued from pupae in moss 

found on county road near Alta Vita (R. W. Doane, CAS); 

W-1915 (R W. Doane, CAS). SANTA CRUZ Co.: Ben hond, 

1500 feet, VI-2-45 (L. W. Saylor, CPA). Santa Cm, VI-2- 

19 (E. P. Van bee, CAS). Waddell Creek, IV-23-30 (Fred 

Bianchi, CAS). SONOW Co.: Glen Ellen, V-29-50 (H. B. 

Leech, CAS). Stewart‘s Point, found in nest of a Red Tree 

Mouse (Tree Phenacomys, Phenacomys Iongicaudus) , 111-3 1- 

49 (W. W. Middlekauff, CPA). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) vitabilis Alexander 

(Fig. 126; Map 33) 

Tipula (Lunatipda) vitabitis Alexander, 1947, South. Calif. 

Acad. Sci. Bul. 46:39-41, fig. 2 (8 hyp.). 

Holotype $; Palomar Mountain, San Diego County, Calif. 

(CPA). 

Geogrnphic range.--Known only from California. 

California records.-MoNTBRgy Co.: salmon Creek, V-4-58 

(C. D. Hynes, CPA). Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings 

Reservation, Finch Creek, V-2 1-43, VI-2 1-43 (types), V-9- 

46, VI-22-48; Upper Big Creek, V-18-50; Upper Finch 

Creek, V-20-50 (J. Linsdale, CAS, CIS, UK). SAN DnZGo 

CO.: Del Mar, IV-1/2945 (J. A. Comstock, CPA). Palomar 

Mountain, Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VII-4/6-45 (J. A. Comstock, 

CPA); type. 


unicincta Doane (triangles), T. (L.) usitata Doane (circles), 

and T. (LJ vitabilis Alexander (squares). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) unicincta Doane 

(Fig. 168; Map 33) 

Tipda unicincta Doane, 1901, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 9:11!5- 

116. 

Holotype 8; Collins, Idaho (WSU). 

Geographic range.-California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, 

Wyoming. 

California ~~COI~.-HUMB~LDT CO.: Prairie Creek State 

Park, VIII-948, VII-11-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) usitata Doane 

(Fig. 173; Map 33) 

Tipda usitata Doane, 1901, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 9:124. 

Holotype 9 ; Tokeland, Washington (WSU). 

Geographic range.daliiornia, Oregon, Washington 

California reCords.-ALAMEDA co.: Berkeley, v-4-19 (E 

P. Van b ee, CAS). MARnv Co.: Alpine Lake, IV-24-58 (D. 

D. Linsdale), V-25-58 (J. A. Powell, CIS). Mill Valley, IV- 

25-26 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS); VI-2148, VI-13-49 (H. B. 

Leech, CAS). MONTEREY Co.: Bryson, V-17-20 (E. P. Van 

bee, CAS). Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, 


vittatipennis Doane (circles).


Tipula (Lunatipula) vittatipennis Doane 

(Fig. 175; Map 34) 

Tipula vittatipennis Doane, 1912, Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 5:61. 


Synonym.-Tipula albovitfafa Doane, 1901, N. Y. Ent. sot. 

Jour. 9:119-120 (Preocc.). 

Geographic range.-California, Oregon, Washheon. 

California records.-CONTRA COSTA CO.: Moraga, VI-13-65 

(D. G. Denning, CPA). LAKE CO.: 15 mi. N of Upper Lake, 

VI-1-56 (H. Ruckes, Jr., CIS). Los ANGELES CO.: Tanbark 

Flat, VI-26-56 (J. I. Stage, CIS). MARIN Co.: Mill Valley, 

IV-29-51, V-14-52 (H. B. Leech, CAS). MONTEREY (20.: 

Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, VI-1143, VII- 

3043 (J. Linsdale, CIS). Tassajara Hot Springs, V-20-54 (0. 

Bryant, CAS). NEVADA CO.: Nevada City, VI-13-39 (M. A. 

Cazier, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO Co.: San Bemardin0 Mountains, 

Barton Flats, 6300 feet, VII-26-46 (J. L. Sperry, 

CPA). SAN L~rs Omspo CO.: Atascad-, VI-2740 (G. s. 

Mansfield, SJS). SAN lU= Co.: South San Francisco, III- 

26-50 (R. S. Beal, CIS). SANTA BARBARA Co.: Figuroa 

Mountain, 3200 feet, VI-29-65 (C. f(irkwood, CPA). SANTA 

C~LARA CO.: Alum Rock Park, 6 mi. E of San Jose, V-19-40 

(T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). Los Gatos, VII-1-33 (J. A. Kusche, 

CAS). Palo Alto, V-26-08 (R. W. Doane, WSU); type. 

Stanford University, V-2646 (C. D. Duncan, SJS). SANTA 

CRUZ Co.: Ben Lomond, 1500 feet, VI-2-45 (L. W. Saylor, 

CPA). Big Basin (R. W. Doane, CAS). SHASTA CO.: Castle 

Crags State Park, 2100 feet, VIII-13-48 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). SIERRA CO.: Goodyear Bar, VII-19-26 (E. H. Nast, 

CAS). Tx?mCo.: Nedlr Del Loma, VI-20-59 (G. W. Byers 

et al., UK). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) yana Alexander 

(Figs. 176, 177) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) yana Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 

7:376-377. 

Holotype 8; Shasta County, Calif. (CAS). 


California record.-SHASTA 

21 (R. W. Doane, CAS). 


CO.: Without exact data, V-30- 

Tipula (Lunatipula) yosemite Alexander 

(Fig. 180) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) yoSemite Alexander, 1945, Canad. Ent. 

77: 188-189. 

Holotype 8 ; Mormon Bar, Mariposa County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Known only from California, 

California records.-MmumsA Co.: Mormon Bar, VI-6-40 

(T. H. G. Aitken, CPA); type. MONTEREY Co.: Santa Lucia 

Mountains, Hastings Reservation, Uppsr Big Creek, VI-13,22- 

45, VI-5-50, VI-231 (J. Linsdale, CIS). SANTA BARBARA 

Co.: Figuroa Mountain, 3200 feet, V1-3065 (Carl Kirkwood, 

CPA). 

Tipula (Lunatipula) zelotypa Alexander 

(Fig. 145) 

Tipula (Lunatipula) zelotypa Alexander, 1946, Ent News 

57:177-179. 

Holotype 6 ; Brawley, Imperial County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic ren@.-Known only from California. 

California record.-IMPEFUAL CO.: Brawley, IV-5-35 (A. 

L. Melander, CPA); type. 

Subgenus Odonatisca Savchenko 

Tipula (Odonatisca) Savchenko, 1956, Survey of the palaearctic 

species of crane flies (Diptera, Tipulidae) of the 

Tipula juncea Meigen group. Kiiv. Derzhavnii Univ. im T. 

G. Shevchenka, Nauk. Zap. 15 (3):129-148, 6 figs. 

A small subgenus of northern Holarctic species, 

one of which occurs in California. 

Tipula (Odonatisca) optiva Alexander 

(Fig. 181) 

Tipalla opfiva Alexander, 1921, Calif. Acad Sei. Proc. ser. 

4, 11:106-107. 

Bddyw 3 : NerUbead. Weshk& (CAS). 

Geographic ran&.--California, Washington. 

California reconl.Pxsg~v~~ Co.: 3 mi. S of Dunsmuir, 

V-2M8 (C. L Rothmann, CIS). 

Subgenus Platytipula Matsumura 

Platytipula Matsumura, 1916, Thousand Insects of Japan, Add. 

II:488-489, PI. 25, fig. 2 ( 9). 

A small group of Holarctic Tipula, including nine 

Nearctic species. None has been found in California, 

but two are regional, Tipula (Platytipula) cerinata 

bane (Oregon, Washington), and T. (P.) spenceriana 

Alexander (Oregon). 

Subgenus Pterelachisus Rondani 

Pterelachisus Rondani, 1842, Rev. 2001. (Soc. Cuv.) 5:243. 

Tipula (Pterelachisus) Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 7: 346- 

349, fig. 21 (discussion of synonymy). 

Synonym.-Oreomyza Pokorny, 1887, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 6: 50, 

figs. 1-4. 

Synonym.--Geofipula Savchenko, 1964, Fauna U. S. S. R. 

Diptera 11, 4:15-27, figs. 1-4. 

A major subgenus including nearly 100 species 

in the Palaearctic region, with fewer in the Nearctic. 

The subapterous Tipula simondsi Alexander presumably 

belongs to this group, although the male sex 

remains unknown. It is not included in the key, but 

is diagnosed briefly in the text. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PTERELACHISUS 

I Male hypopygium having the eighth sternite with 

low lateral cushions that bear close pencils of unmodified 

reddish setae; no median projection (fig. 

186) ............. 2 

Eighth sternite at lateral end of margin with at least 

one longer and stronger modified bristle; a 

glabrous or setuliferous median projection (figs. 

182-185, 187) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 

2 Ninth tergite with each apical lobe extended into 

a small acute point; inner dististyle with outer basal

50 

Bulletin of the California Znsect Smer 

..... shoshone Alexander 

lobe small, yellow 


Ninth tergite (fig. 186) with apical lobea obtuse; 

inner dististyle with outer basal lobe larger, conspicuously 

blackened . pseudotruncorum Alexander 

3 Median projection of eighth sternite deasely 

setulifemus ............ 4 

4 

Median projection of eighth sternite glabrous . . 6 

Median projection of eighth Sternite long and narrow, 

about 8 to 10 times as long as broad (Q 187) 

sequoioala Alexander 

Median projection of eighth sternite shorter and 

broader, from about 2 to 2.5 times as long as 

its diameter at base .......... 5 

5 Median projection of eighth sternite not conspicuously 

narrowed on oubr half .... baked Alexander 


Median projection of eighth steanite nerrow~d apically 

(fig. 182) ........ cava&ami Alexander 

6 Eighth sternite with median plate emarginate at tip 7 

Eighth sternite with median plate not emarginate . 8 

7 Ninth tergite (figs. 183, 184) with apices of lobes 

obtusely truncate; ninth sternite with vestiture 

long, much exceeding the simple oval lobes; 

eighth sternite with median plate slender at base, 

expanded outwardly, the apical emarginatim broadlyrounded 

......... WAleZander 

Ninth tergite (fig. 185) with apices of lobes produced 

slightly laterad into an obtuse lob, ninth stedte 

with the lobe slightly emarginate, longer than ita 

vestiture; eighth sternite with median plate short 

and brvad, the apical emargination small, oval . . 

moll0 Alexander 

8 Ninth tergite with lobes obtusely rounded; ninth 

sternite with lobe small, sessile, oval, with brownish 

black setae; phallosome with apophyses extended 

into an acute spine; eighth sternite with median 

plate narrow, compressed, with a small apical 

flange .......... alcestis Alexander 

(Extralimital: Idaho) 

Ninth tergite with apex of lobe oblique, the outer 

angle weakly pointed, ninth sternite with lobe 

longer at base, expanded and weakly bilobulate at 

apex, the setae fulwus, outer group longer; phallosome 

with apophysis oval, darkme eighth sternite 

with medii plate transwrse, 

truncate 

apical margin 

......... eccurata Alexander 


Tipula (? Pterelachisua) simndsi Alexander not included in 

key. 

Tipula (Pterelachisus) cavagnaroi Alexander 

(Fig. 182) 

Tipula (Pterelachisus) mvagnaroi Alexander, 1965, Pacific 

Insects 7:377-378. 

Holotype 8 ; Strawberry, Tuolurnne County, Calif. (CIS). 


California records.-MONO CO.: Leavitt Meadow, Sonora 

Pass, 7200 feet, in flight trap, VIII-13-63 (H. B. Leech, 

CPA); type material. NEVADA CO.: Truckee, VII-1948 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). S- 0.: Webber Lake, VIII-24-39 

(M. A. Cazier. -A); paratype 0. TUOLWMNE Co.: Strawberry, 

VIII-12/19-60 (D. Q. Cavagnaro, CIS); type. 

Tipula (Pterelachisus) jenseni Alexander 

(Figs. 183, 184) 

Tipula (Pterelachisus) jenseni Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 

7:378-379. 

Holotype 8 ; Leevitt Meedow, Mono colmty, Calif. (us). 

Geographic re.-Kuawn only from Caliiornia 

California &.-MONO Co.: Lenvitt Meedow, Sonora 

Pass, 7200 feet, in flight trap, WI-13-63 (H. B. Leech, 

CAS); WP=. 

, w = Y ". 

~ _ _ _ 

%I 

1 . 

I" m 

sa, 

~ a 

." .I 

.e ,. I" ,* 

>I. I* m I* 

Map 35. Locality records in California for Tipula (Pterdachisus) 

mom Alexander (triangles) and T. (P.) p d o t ~ ~ 


Tipula (Pterelachisus) mono Alexander 

(Fig. 185; Map 35) 

Tipula (Lunatipda) mono Alexander, 1945, South. Calif. 

Acad Sci. Bul. 44:40-42, pl. 16 (8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8 ; We, Mono County, Calif. (CPA). 


California reComls.--IN~o CO.: Big Pine Creek, Glacier 

Lodge, 7800 feet, on sagecovered hillsides, VII-10-57 (C. 

P. Alexander, -A). Middle fork of Bishop Creek, Intake 

Camp, 8000 feet, W-8-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONO 

CO.: W e , VIII-7-39 (T. H. G. Aitken and M. A. Cazier, 

-A); type. 

Tipula (Pterelachisus) pseudottunwrum Alexander 

(Fig. 186; Map 35) 

Tipula (Oreomyza) pseudotrunwrutn Alexander, 1920, Canad. 

Ent. 52:228-229. 

Holotype 8 : Longmire Springs, Mount Rainier, Washington 

(CAS).

Geographic range.-ifornia, Idaho, Washington. 

California -ds.-E~ Do- CO.: Upper Echo Lake, 

Freeborn Cabin, 7500 feet, VII3-47 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

MARIPOSA Co.: Yosdte National Park, Bridalveil Creek, 

7000 feet, VI-7/11-50; Tamarack Flats, 6300 feet, VI-28-57 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). PLUMAS CO.: Meadow Valley, 35001 

4000 feet, VI-3-24 (E C. Van Dyke, CAS). WSTA CO.: 

Lassen Volcanic National Park, Upper Kings Creek Meadows, 

among beds of Phyllodoce, VI4747 (C. P. Alexander, 

(CAS); 7400 feet, VI-21-50 (C. P. Alexander and P. H. 

Arnaud, CPA). SISKIYOU Co.: Mount Shaste, Panther Meadows, 

VI-14-62 (J. A. Powell, CIS). TUOLUMNE -.: 

Yosemite National Park, Tuolumne Meadows, VI-17-49 (L. 

L. Jensen, CIS). 

Tipula (Pterelachisus) sequoicola Alexander 

(Fik 187) 

Tipula (Oreomy2a) sequoioola Alexander, 1947, Ent. News 

58: 205-207. 

Holotype 8; Sequoia National Park, Giant Forest, Tulare 


Geographic r---Known 

California recod.-- 

Giant Forest, VII-1846 


only from Califomia. 

Co.: Sequoia National Park, 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA); type. 

Tipula ( ? Pterelachisus) simondsi Alexander 

Tipula (? Pterelachisus) simondsi Alexander, 1965, Great 

Basin Nat 25:51-53. 

Holotype 9 ; Lone Pine, Inyo County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range--KnCrwn only from celifomia. 

California remrd.-I~yo CO.: Trail to Mount Whitaey from 

Lone Pine, on snowfield, 12,500 feet, VI-18-65 (W. E 

Sionds, CPA) ; type 9. 

Known only from the female sex. General coloration 

of head and thorax light gray, mesonotun 

restrictedly patterned with brown; frontal prolongation 

of head elongate, with a MSUS; halteres chiefly 

pale yellow; wings about one-half the body (11 x 2 

mm), pale yellow, conspicuously patterned with dark 

and paler brown; veins behind R without macrotrichia; 

abdomen tricolored, the segments dark brown 

basally, light gray on more than the outer half, the 

posterior borders of the outer segments narrowly light 

yellow; ovipositor with margins of cerci smooth, 

hypovalvae elongate, their apices rounded. 

Fde-hgth about 23 mnq abdomen alone about 18 

mm; antennae about 2.5 mm. 

As discussed in the original description, there is 

some question as to the assignment to Pterelachisus 

since the male sex is unavailable. The possibility 

exists that it may be found to be placed more properly 

in Serratipula. 

Subgenus Savtshenkia Mannheims 

Tipda (Savtshenkia) Mannheims, 1962, Bonner Zoo]. Beitriige, 

13 : 195. 

Based on the fragilis or marmorata group, formerly 

placed in Pterelachisus (as Oreomyza). The species 

are Holarctic and Ethiopian in distribution with a few 

Nearctic representatives, chiefly in northeastern 

North America. A single species occur^ in California. 

Most members of the subgenus are adult in the 

autumn, this including the local species. 

Tipula (Savtshenkia) graciae Alexander 

(Fig. 188) 

Tipula (Oreomyza) graciae Alexander, 1947, Pan-Pacific Ent 

23 :93-95. 

Holotype 6; Barton Flats, San Bernardino County, Calif. 

(CPA). 

Geographic range.-Knowri only from California. 

California nKxlrds~~ BERNARDINO CO.: San Bernardino 

Mountains, Barton Flats, Sen Gorgonio Trail, 7700 feet, IX- 

2146 (0. and J. L. Sperry and N. Cricher, CPA); types. 

Subgenus Schummelia Edwards 

Tipula (Schummelia) Edwards, 1931, Ann. and Mag. Net 

Hist, ser. 10,8:80-81. 

The subgenus is chiefly Palaearctic and Oriental in 

distribution, with seven Nearctic species, two of which 

are western and both occurring in California 

1 

gEY TO THE SPECIES OF SCHUMMELIA 

Male hypopygium with posterior margin of eighth 

sternite produced into two very large .pale blades, 

divagent, gradually narrowed into slender points, 

the blades about three times as long as the longi- 

tudinal diameter of the sternite (fig. 189) . . . 

megnifolia Alexander 

Male hypopygium with posterior margin of eighth 

sternite with the pale lobes much smaller, lying 

nearly parallel to one another, subequal to or 

shorterthuthelengthofthestsrnite . . . . 

arbtenuicornis bane 

Tipula (Schummelia) magnifolia Alexander 

(Fig. 189; Map 36) 

Tipula CSchutnmelia) magnifdia Alexander, 1948, her. Midland 

Nat 39:18-19, fig. 3 ( 6 hyp.). 

Holotype 6; Beaver, Utah (CPA). 

Geogiaphic. range.-Califomia, Utah. 

California raC0ml;s-E~ DORADO CO.: Lake Tahoe, VI-13- 

59 (G. W. Byers, UK). FRESNO (3.: Kings Canyon National 

Park, Zumwalt Meadows, 4700 feef VI-21-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). INYO Co.: Big Pine Creek, trail to 

Palisade Glacier, 9OOO feet, VII-1147 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Middle fork of Bishop Creek, Intake Camp, 8000 

feet, VI1447 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MARIPOSA Co.: 

Miami Ranger Station, VI-7-40 (M. A. Cazier, CPA); paratypes. 

Yosemite National Park, Mariposa b e , VII-22-46 

(C P. Alexander, CPA). PLACER Co.: Truckee, Deep Creek, 

5950 feet, VI-30-VII-1-47 (C. P. Alder, CPA). SMA 

CO.: Lassen Volcanic National Park, Reeection Lake, 5880 

'Vf-2MO (C. P. Alexandes, CPA). TUXARE Con;


- 

-.",*I- 

1 

-3 "a u ,I I. I,, I. ,n I" 

Map 36. Locality records in California for Tipula (Schummelia) 

magnifolia Alexander (circles) and T. (SJ subtenuicomk 

Doane (triangles). 

Sequoia National Park, Dorst Camp, 6500 feet, VI-&!% 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Tuo~uMNg CO.: Pinecrest, VII-14- 

47 (P. H. Amaud, CAS). YUBA Co.: New York Ravine, along 

Downie River, Highway 49, V-24-64 (D. G. Denning, CPA). 

Tipula (Schummelia) subtenuicornis Doane 

(Map 36) 

Tipula subtenuicomis W e , 1901, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 

9: 125-126. 

Holotype 8 ; Seattle, Washington (WSU). 

Synonym.-Tipula idei Alexander, 1928, Canad. Eht., 60:55. 

Geographic range.-British Columbia east to Ontario, 

Quebec; California, Colorado, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, 

Wyoming east to New Hampehire, New York. 

California reconis=--D~~. Nom CO.: 26.5 mi. NE of 

Crescent City, VI-22-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). SmuYOu Co.: 

Mount Shasta City, VI-18-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). 

Subgenus Serratipula Alexander 

Tipula (Serratipula) Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 7:350, 

fig. 24. 

Serratipula includes only four species as presently 

recognized, all western North American and virtually 

restricted to California Two of the species, graminivora 

Alexander and tristis Doane, are of some economic 

importance to pasture and range lands and 

have been mentioned in literature, together with 

certain species of Triplicitipula Alexander that have 

similar habits and habitats At this time records of 

distribution of these so-called range crane flies are 

incomplete, but will become available upon the publication 

of Prof. W. H. Lange's discussion of the 

species. In Serratipuh it appears that tristis and 

marina are fully winged in both sexes, while the other 

species apparently have winged males and subaptemus 

females. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SERRATIPULA 

1 Antennae long, with scape and pedicel yellowed, 

flagellum blackened, segments nodose; male hypopygium 

with lateinl tergal lobes truncated, the 

median emargination subtended by a low lobe; inner 

dististyle long and relatively narrow, setae of beak 

very small: apex of aedeagus with two acute recurved 

spines (fig. 190) . . . . . cylindrata Doane 

Antennae entirely dark; male hypopygium with apex 

of aedeagus not terminating in two acute spines . 2 

2 

3 

Small species; female with wings sexniatmphied, male 

with wings small but with normal venation (wing 

of male about 10 mm or less, antennae about 2.5 

mm; wing of female about 4 mm, antennae about 

1.8 mm); antennae of male with basal enlargements 

feebly developed, the segments short; 

hypopygium with setae of dorsal crest of inner 

dististyle small and inconspicuous (fig. 191) . . 

gramjnivora Alexander 

Larger species, fully winged in both sexes (wing of 

male 12 mm or more; antennae 5 mm or more); 

antennae of male with basal enlargements large; 

hypopygium with setae of dorsal crest of inner 

dististyle long and delicate, especially posteriorly 

(figs. 192, 193) .......... 3 

Antennae of male simply nodose, with only the basal 

enlargement well developed; male hypopygium 

(fig. 192) with emargination of tergite deep and 

narrow, lobes elongate, tips narrowed, with few 

setae; inner dististyle with lower beak very deep; 

aedeagus narrow; coastal, in salt marches . . . 

marina Doane 

Antennae of male strongly binodose, the outer enlargement 

or node larger than the basal one; male 

hypopygium (6g. 193) with emargination of 

tergite shallow, lobes broad, apices rounded, 

glabrous 

. . . . . . . . . . . tristis Doane 

Subgeneric characters: Nasus elongate. Antennae 

of male with flagellar segments enlarged at bases, in 

cases strongly incised, in some species (tristis) appearing 

binodose. Claws of male simple. Male hypopygium 

(figs. 190-193) with ninth tergite virtually 

glabrous; inner dististyle with the outer basal lobe a 

large pale setifmu cushion. Phallosome stout, 

simple; apophyses appearing as small setiferous 

cushions at sides of base of aedeagus. Ovipositor with 

cerci compressed-flattened, in some (&aminivora) 

suddenly narrowed to an apical point.

Map 37. Locality records in California for Tipula (Serrafipula) 

cylidrata Doane (circles) and T. (S.) graminivora Alexander 

(triangles). 

Tipula (Serratipula) cylindrata h e 

(Fig. 190; Map 37) 

Tipula cylindrata b e , 1912, Ent Soc. her. Ann. 5:46. 

Holotype 8; San Diego, San Diego County, Calif. (CAS). 

Synonym.-Tipula (Serratipula) cylidrata barda Alexander, 

1959, Ent. News 70:71-72. 

Holotype 8; Borrego, San Diego County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range--Known only from California. 

California records.-- Co.: Havilah, N-7-62 (R. E. 

Bellamy, 5119, CPA). Los ANGEL= CO.: Pomona, 111-23-27 

(B. Crow, CAS). RIVERSIDE Co.: 3 mi. E of Keen Camp 

Station, IV-18-62 (C. D. MacNeill, D. C. Rentz, and R. M. 

Brown, CAS). SAN DIBGO CO.: Bo-o, 111-23-47 (N. 

Crickmer, CPA); type of M a . Cuyamaca Rancho State 

Park, Green Valley Falls, camp along Sweetwater River, 3900 

feet, IV-11/28-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Lake Cuyamaca, 

V-5/745 (A. L Melander, CPA). Descanso, III-30-61 (W. 

A. Stdan, CIS). La Posta Creek, on Highway 80, IV-13-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Morena Lake, neer Campo, 3080 

feet, IV-10-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Mount Laguna, 

Laguna Camp, 5350 feet, IV-27-62 (W. A. Hedges, CPA); 

5700 feet, V-143 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). San Diego; 

types. SAN LUIS OBLSPO CO.: Atascadero, 111-27-62 (C. D. 

Hynes, CPA). La Panza Camp, IV-7-42 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). 

TULARE CO.: Sequoia National Forest, Highway 198 between 

Grants Grove and Sequoia National Park, on wet clss, 6400 

feet, VI-5/19-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Sequoia National 

Park, VI-6l8-42 (0. Degener, CPA). 

At present I cannot separate the subspecies barda satis- 


factorily from typical cylindiata, but further study may indicate 

its distinctness. 

Tipula (Serratipula) graminivora Alexander 

(Fig. 191; Map 37) 

Tipula graminmOre Alexander, 1921, Insecutor Inscitiae 

Mmstruus 9: 135-137. 

Holotype 8; Elmira, b o County, Calif. (USNM). 

Tipula grarninivora Alexander, Shell Chemical Agricultural 

News (SCAN), May 1953, p. 1; &we of adult 0 (entire 

insect). 


California -ds.-U 

CO.: Bachelor Valley, IV-20-115 

(N. W. Stice, CIS). SACRA ME"^ CO.: Fdlb, IV-1-21 

(B. G. Thompson, CPA); type material. Galt, IV-1-21 (B. 

G. Thompson, CPA); type material. SOLANO CO.: Dixon, IV- 

12-21 (B. G. Thompson, CPA); type material. Elmira, IV-7- 

21 (B. G. Thompson, USNM); type. SONOMA CO.: Petal~ma, 

111-16-61 (W. H. Lange, UCD). 

Tipula (Serratipda) marina Doane 

(Fig. 192) 

Tipula marina Doane, 1912, Ent Soc her. Ann. 5:4445. 

Holotype 8; Palo Alto, Smta Clara County, Calif. (CAS). 


California -~S.;SANTA CLARA Co.: Palo Alto, in salt 

marshes, 111-2246 (R W. Doane, CAS); types. SONOMA CO.: 

Without exact lccality, 111-16-14 (J. A. Kusche, ANSP). 

Tipula (Serratipula) tristis Doane 

(Fig. 193) 

Tipula tristis Doane, 1901, N. Y. Ent Soc Jour. 9:102-103. 

Syntypes 3 8 ; Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, calif. (CAS). 

Geographic range.-Califomia, Oregon. 

California -~s.--CONTRA COSTA CO.: Mount Diablo, 

Marsh Creek, 111-10-31 (E. P. Van Dusee, CAS). LAKE CO.: 

Bachelor Valley, IV-2045 (N. W. Stice, CIS); IV-7-63 (W. 

H. Lange, UCD). MONT~R~Y CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, 

Hastings Reservation, IV-1049 (J. Linsdale, HR). NEWADA 

Co.: Grass Valley, 4000 feet, V-4-46 (H. P. Chandler, CAS). 

SANTA CWIU Co.: Palo Alto, III-6-06, 111-19-15 (R. W. 

Doane, CAS); types. 

Subgenus Setitipula Alexander 

Tipula (Setitipula) Alexander, Pacific Insects 7:350-351, fig. 

25. 

A small group of Tipula including only the three 

species discussed at this time. On the character of 

abundant macrotrichia in the outer wing cells the 

species had been placed in Trichotipula, but evidently 

are quite distinct 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SETITIPULA 

1 Male hypopygium with lobes of ninth sternite (or 

lateral gonapophyses) longer than the aedeagus 

(lig. 196) 

. . . . . . . triclmphora Alexander 

Lobes of ninth sternite shorter than the aedeagus 

(figs. 194, 195) . . . . . . . . . . . . 2


2 Vestiture of lobes of ninth sternite long and conspicuous; 

ninth tergite with lateral lobes short and 

broad, the eanargination not produced medially 

(fig. 195) ......... nrsticola h e 

Vestiture of lobes of ninth sternite shorter, inconspicuous; 

ninth tergite with lateral lobes conspicuous, 

the median emargination convexly produced 

(fig. 194) ........ esseZen Alexander 

Tipula (Setitipula) esselen Alexander 

(Fig. 194) 

Tipula (Setitipula) d e n Alexauder, 1965, Pacific Insects 

7 :379-380. 

Holotype 4 ; Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park, Mmterey County, 

Calif. (CIS). 


California records.-MomY Co.: Pfeiffer Big Sur State 

Park, VI-16-49 (P. H. Arnaud, CPA); Santa M a Mountains, 

Hastings Reservation, Finch Creek, V-26-45, VI-2448, 

V-29-50, VII-2-50 (J. Gmsdale, CIS); paratype 8. 

Tipula (Setitipula) rustiwla h e 

(Fig. 195) 

Tipula rustiwla Doana, 1912, Ent. Soc. Am-. Ann. 5:47. 

Syntypag 2.3; Keyport, Washington (CAS). 

Geographic ranga;--caliomia, Oregon, Washington. 

California records.- Co.: Yosemite National 

Park, Big Creek, Fish Camp, south entrance to the Park, 5100 

feet, in spider web, VII-21-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

TEHAMA Co.: Lessen National Forest, Mind, 4900 feet, 

IX-1-8 (SchulU, CPA). "UOLUMNE Co.: Pinecrest, M- 

14-47 (P. H. Amaud, CPA); Strawberry Lake, Sandy Beach, 

VII-1-47 (P. H. Amaud, CAS). 

Tipula (Setitipula) trichophora Alexander 

(Fig. 196) 

Tipula (Tnchotipula) trichophora Alexander, 1920, Calif. Acad. 

Sci. Proc. ser. 4, 10:41-42. 

Holotype .3 ; Santa Cnu, Santa Cnu County, Calif. (CAS). 


California recods.-Kmm Co.: Kern Canyon at 10 mi. HsO 

Point, V-9-61 (R E. Bella~~~y, 5016, CPA). Co.: 

Yosemite National Park, Mirror Lake, 4OOO feet, VI-6-39 (A. 

Downes, CPA). Without exact data, VI-24-58 (D. Burdick, 

CIS). MONTEREY Co.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings 

Reservation, VI-24-48. V-19-50. VI-1-50, V-25-51, VI-2- 

51, VI-9-58 (D. D. and J. Linsdale, CPA, CIS, HR, UK). 

SAN DneGo Co.: Del Mar, V-14-45 (J. A. cornstat, CPA). 

SANTA CRUZ Co.: Bea Lomond, 1500 feet, VI-145 (L w. 

Saylor, CPA). Santa Crux, VI-1-19 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS, 

No. 725); type. SHASTA CO.: Without exact data, V-30-21 

(R. W. Doane, CAS). TIUNITY CO.: 3 mi. E of Big Bar, 

VI-19-59 (G. W. Byers et ai, UK). 

Subgenus Sinotipula Alexander 

Tipula (Simtipula) Alexander, 1935, Philippine Jour. Sci. 57: 

94-100. 

Tipula (Sinotipula> Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 7:351, 

fig. 26. 

Sinotipula includes a small number of large and 

showy members of the genus, chiefly Asiatic in distribution 

but with about 16 species in western North 

America, with seven presently known from California. 

Until very recently these species had been placed in 

Bellardina but seem unquestionably to be distinct. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SIIVOTIPULA 

1 Larger species (wing over 22 mm); wings with 

darkened pattern heavier, including a postarcular 

area in bases of cells R and M, male hypopygium 

with posterior lobes or armam of tergite not produced 

conspicuously caudad (figs. 198,203-205,207) 

Smaller species (wing about 20 nun or less); wings 

with darM pattern leas c011spicu~ without a 

postarcular brown area; male hypopygium with 

posterior border of tergite produced caudad as a 

median or as paired lateral lobee (figs. 197, 199- 

202, 208) ............. 4 

2 Wings with darkened cloud in cell M beyond the 

basal darkening single, continuous (male hypopygium 

[6g. 2071 with poateaior border of tergite 

emarghate, beneath with two approximated fleshy 

lobee; inner dististyle with beak slender, narrowed 

outwardly) ....... shastensis Alexander 

Darkened cloud in cell M either single or intwrupted 

by the ground to form two or three smaller areas . 3 

3 Wings with a single darkened postarcular cloud or 

with two smaller ones (male hJrpopygium [figs. 

203-2051 with tergite on posterior border beneath 

with two blackened rectangular plates; outer 

dististyle pale, very large, undivided, directad chiefly 

ventrad; beak of inner dististyle broadly 

flattened, membranous) ..... pacifica mane 

Wings with three separate darkened clouds in cell M 

beyond the ptarcular area, the second reachimg 

vein Cu behind (male hypopygium [fig. 1981 with 

outer dististyle very large, conspicuously divided 

into an outer triangular blade and an inner arm 

thatbearsdenseblacksetaeoutwardly) .... 

calaveras Alexander 

4 Wings with d longitudinal veins at margin with a 

small darkened spot (male hypopygium [a 1971 

with tergite produced into two lobes that are 

separated by a narrow emargination, the lobes with 

numerous small blackened spinoid setae; no median 

lobe) ............ aspersaDoane 

Wing veins not dadened at tips ....... 5 

5 Male hypopygium (fig. 208) with tergite produced 

into two widdy separated lobes; a median recurved 

lobe pmvided with spinoid setae . umbra Alexander 

Male hypopygium (6gs. 199-202) with tergite produced 

into a broad apicaUy emarginate medii lobe 6 

6 Median tergal lobe (figs. 201, 202) with a deep oval 

emargimtion to form two broad lobules; outer 

dististyle a broadly expanded triangular blade; 

inner style smaller, its margin produced into a 

small subterminal point. .. gothicans Alexander 

Medii tergal lobe (figs 199,200) decurved, its apex 

shallowly emarginate; outer dististyle an elongate 

lobe, inner style veay large, broad at base, narrowed 

on central part, at apex expanded into a 

massive triangular head with apex truncated . . 

2 

coleomyia Alexander

Map 38. Locality records in California for Tipula (Sinotipula) 

aspem Doane (circles) and T. (S.) calaveras Alexander 

(triangles 1. 

Tipula (Sinotipula) aspersa Doane 

(Fig. 197; Map 38) 

Tipula aspersa Doane, 1912, Ent Soc. Amer. Ann. 5:Sl-52. 

Holotype 8 ; Padic Grove, Monterey County, Calif. (CAS). 

Geographic range.4ifornia, Oregon, Washington. 

California records.-H~BoLDT Co.: Prairie Creek State 

Park, alder skunk cabbage assoCiation, VII-1048 (C. P. 

Alexander and K. M. Fender, CPA). MARIN Co.: Samuel P. 

Taylor State Park, X-1946 (F. E. Skinner, CAS). 

MJSNDOCZ~O CO.: Russian Gulch State Park, VI-20-58 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). MONTEREY Co.: Pacific Grove, X-30-06 

(R. W. Doane, CAS); type. SAN BERNARDINO Co.: San 

Bemardino Mountains, Mill Creek Canyon, IX-20-23 (F. 

R. Cole, CIS). SAN FRANUSCXI Co.: San Francisco, X-9-19 

(J. A. Kusche, CAS). SANTA CLARA Co.: Stanford University, 

Corte Madera Creek, X-22-07 (R. W. he., CAS); type 

material. T E W A Co.: La- National Forest, Mineral, 4900 

feet, IX-15-48 (%huh, CPA). 

Tipula (Sinotipula) calaveras Alexander 

(Fig. 198; Map 38) 

Tipula (Bellardina) daveras Alexander, 1944, Canad. Ent 

76 : 6061. 

Holotype 8 ; Sund, Alameda County, Calif. (CPA). 


Califom% records.-A~A~m~ Cos Sunol, 11-20-39 (T. 

H. G. Aitken, CPA); type. CONTRA COSTA Co.: Oakland 

Hills, V-15-10 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS, CPA). MARIN Co.: 

Lagunitas (E. H. Nest, CAS). (Labeled pacifica in error.) 


SAN BERNARDINO Co.: San Bemardino Mountains, Mountain 

Home, VI-8-24 (F. R Cole, CIS). SANTA CLARA Co.: San 

Jose, V-1-46 (0. Popovich, SJS). 

Tipula (Sinotipula) ooleomyia Alexander 

(Figs. 199, 200) 

Tipula (Sinotipula) coleomyia Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insecb 

7: 380-382. 

Holotype 8; San Bemardmo Mountains, Mountain Home, 

San Bernardino County, Calif. (CIS). 

Geographic range.-Known only frum California. 

Califorma reCord.4~~ BERNARDINO CO.: San Bernardino 

Mountains, Mountain Home, VI-1622 (F. R. Cole, CIS); 

type. 

Tipula (Sinotipula) gothicana Alexander 

(Figs. 201, 202) 

Tipula (Bellardina) gothi- Alexander, 1943, Amer. Midland 

Nat 29:149-151, Sg. 1 ( 8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8 ; Gothic, Colorado (CPA). 

Geographic range,British Cdumbia; California, Colorado, 

Montana, Oregon, Utah. 

California records.-ms~ CO.: Yosemite National Park, 

IX-8-63 (D. G. Denning, CPA). Mom 6.: Davis Creek, 

5000 feet, VII-14-22, VIII-1-22 (A. W. Liin-, CPA). SAN 

BERNARDINO Co.: San Bernardino Mountains, Barton Flats, 

6300 feet, IX-3-46 (J. L. Sperry, CPA). SHASTA Co.: Castle 

Crags State Park, 2000 feet, VII-6-53 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). 

Tipula (Sinotipula) pacifica Doane 

(Figs. 203-205) 

Tipula pacilica Doane, 1912, Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 5:48-49. 

Syntypes 3 8,2 9 ; I)eer Park, Placer County, Calif. (CAS). 

Geographic range.-British Columbia, California, Oregon, 

WaShinpton. 

Through the appreciated interest of Drs Ross, 

Leech, and Arnaud, of the California Academy of 

Sciences, I was able to borrow the holotype of this 

species and determine the specific identity- The drawings 

provided were made from the dry holotype. 

California recorda.-F~~~~o Co.: Kings Canyon National 

Park, Swale Camp, 6400 feet, VII-19-57 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). PLACER CO.: Deer Park, 6500 feet, VIII-1-08 (E. J. 

Newcomer, CAS); type; at 6200 feet, VI-22-09, (CPA); 

Paratype 8. 

Tipula (Sinotipula) shastensis Alexander 

(Fig. 207) 

Tipula (Belladina) shasfensis Alexander, 1944, Canad. Ent 

76:58-59. 

Holotype 8 ; Bumey, Shasta County, Calif. (CPA). 


California records.-€% DORADO CO.: Echo Lake, VI1-21- 

43 (P. D. Hurd, CIS). HUMBOLDT Co.: Willow Creek, VI-20- 

59 (G. W. Byers, UK). PLU~AS Co.: Meadow Valley, V I 4 

24 (W. H. Nelson, CIS). SHASTA Co.: Burney, V-30-39 (M.


A. Cazier, CPA); type. Castle Crags State Park, 2000 feet, 

VII-6-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). TRINITY CO.: Near Del 

Lorna, VI-20-59 (G. W. By- et al., UK). 

Tipula (Sinotipula) umbra Alexander 

(Fig. 208) 

Tipula (Bellardina) umbra Alexander, 1959, Pan-Pacific Ent. 

35: 129-130. 


(CPA). 


California record.-SHASTA CO.: Castle crags state Park, 

2000 feet, VII-19-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); types. 

Subgenus Tipula Linnaeus 

Tipula Linnaeus, 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10:585. 

Tipula (TipuZa) Alexander, PaciG: Insects, 1965, 7:351352, 

fig. 27. 

The typical subgenus Tipula includes about nine 

Palaearctic species and approximately the same number 

in eastern Africa, from Ethiopia to Cape province. 

There is no native New World species but the European 

Tipula peludosa Meigen was introduced accidentally 

into Newfoundland, presumably in ballast in 

fishing vessels from Britain, more than a century ago. 

In recent years it has reached the mainland of Canada 

in northern Nova Scotia, and within the past three 

years has been discovered in British Columbia where 

it seems to be established. The species is of considerable 

economic importance and, unless the outbreak 

is controlled, may well be expected to spread southwards 

in the west, possibly to California. 

Subgenus Tipulodinodm Alexander 

Tipula (Tipufodinades) Alexauder, Pacific Insecta 7:352-354, 

fig. 28. 

The subgenus includes a single known species, restricted 

to California. It originally was referred to the 

Old World Tipulodina Enderlein but evidently is distinct. 

It is the only member of the genus in North 

America with whitened tarsi 

Tipula (Tipulodinodes) lacteipes Alexander 

(Fig. 209) 

Tipula (Tipulodina) lacteipea Alexander, 1943, Canad. Ent 

75: 142-144. 

Holotype 8; Wawona, Mariposa County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.--Known only frrnn Wiomia 

California MARIPOSA CO.: Yosdte National Park, 

Wawona, 5000 feet, VI439 (A. Downes, CPA); type. 

Subgenus Trichotipula Alexander 

Tipula (Trichotipula) Alexander, 1915, Acad. Nat Sci Phila. 

Proc. 1915:468-469. 

Tipula (Tricliotipula) Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects, 7:354, 

fig. 31. 

A relatively large group of small to medium sized 

species of Tipula, eminently characteristic of dry to 

semidesert regions of Mexico and the southwestern 

United States, including several species in California. 

1 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TRICHOTIPULA 

Wings patterned, with distinct dark markings in cells 

before cord and with centers of outer cells streefred 

with pale brown . . . . . . . . . . . 2 

Wings without darkened pattern except for the 

stigma or with vague darkened central lines in 

outer cells; no pattern basad of cord; in rnayedai 

the costal border is darkened . . . . . . . 3 

2 Mediotergite with a yellow central line; antennal 

scape and pedicel more or less darkened; male 

hypopygium (@ 210) with the appendage of 

ninth sternite short and stout, with a slender lateral 

bran4alltuftedwithyellowsetae . . . . . 

beatula Osten Sacken 

Mediotergite mifody plumbeous gray; antennal 

scape and pedicel light yellow; male hypopygium 

(fig. 213) with the appendage of ninth sternite 

short and compact, apex dilated, with a short stout 

laterallobe,allwithlongydlowsetae . . . . . 

3 Costal border of wing and the oval stigma dark 

bmwn, the latter with sparse macrotrichia (male 

hypopygium, fig. 221) . . . . meyedai Alexander 

Costal border of wing not darkened, concolorous 

with disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 

4 Male hypopygium with se4ae of outer dististyle short 

and pale, not exceeding onefifth to onesixth the 

diameter of the style (figs. 211, 212) . . . . 5 

Setae of outer dististyle long and conspicuous, 

blackened, fully one-half the diameter of the style 

or more (figs. 214-220, 222-225) . . . . . 6 

5 Antennae of male short, if bent backward ending 

about opposite the wing root; postantennal 

tubercles distinct; wings with a faint darkened 

cloud at near midlength of cell Cu; outer abdominal 

segments dull gray, the posterior borders yellow* 

6 

capzstrano Alexander 

male hypopygium (fig. 211) with outer dististyle 

pale yellow 

Anteaanae of male longer, if bent backward extmding 

about to base of abdomen; postantema1 tubercles 

lacking or less evident; wings without a darkened 

cloud in cell Cu; abdomen with outer sternites 

chiefly light gray, posterior border of outer segment 

more extensively yellowed; male hypopygium 

(fig. 212) with outer dististyle darkened outwardly 

. . . . . . . bibituberculata Doane 

cahuilla Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 222) with the ninth sternite 

produced caudad into two elongate pale horns . 

megalodonta Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 214-220, 223-225) with 

ninth sternite not produced . . . . . . . 7 

7 Male hypopygium (figs. 220, 223, with inner 

dististyle bearing spines . . . . . . . . . 8 

Male hypopygium without spinous points on inner 

8 

dististyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 

Praescutal stripes ferruginous; cells of outer third of 

wing with macrotrichia, including all three cells in 

stigmal area; male hypopygium (fig. 220) with

ody of style bilobed, pale yellow, outer basal lobe 

with three blackened spines . . rn8cropMlus (Dietz) 

Praescutal stripes more infuscated; macrotrichia of 

cells beyond cord more restricted, chiefly in centers 

of RI, RS and MI, stigmal trichia relatively 

sparse, in cell R I only; male hypopygium (fig. 223) 

with body of style with spines; outer basal lobe a 

long yellow appendage with yellow setae . . . . 

repulsa Alwmnder 

9 Male hypopygium (lig. 218) without spinoid setae 

on margin of notch of ninth tergite (ninth sternite 

on either side with a brush comprising about twenty 

stout setae) 


. . . . . . . . gertschi Alexander 

Male hypopygium with small black spinoid setae on 

marginofnotchofninthtergite . . . . . . . 10 

10 No macrotrichia in Wing cells . . . . . . . 11 

Outer wing cells with mamtrichia . . . . . . 13 

11 Mesonoturn without an entire central gray or yellow 

stdpe; male hupopy&um (S, 21s) dth terga1 

lobes broad, their apices not farther produced; 

mesal faces of inner dististyle, basistyle, and lobe 

of ninth sternite all fringed with long yellow setae, 

onthefirstextendedtobaseofbmk . . . . . 

desertonma Alexander 

Masonoturn with a virtually entire central stripe, 

gray on pra-tum, more yellowed on posterior 

sclerites; male hypopygium (figs. 216, 219) with 

tergal lobes narrower, et apex produced slightly into 

a small knob; no conspicuous concentration of 

yellow setae on inner dististyle, basistyle, and ninth 

sternite,asdeacribed . . . . . . . . . . - 12 


longer than the outer style, straight, parallel-sided, 

the outer end slightly produced to form a small 

head; outer basal lobe broadly obtuse, eatending 

13 

about to midlength of body of style . . . . . 

domlineata Wane 

Male hypopygium (fig. 219) unusually short, subequal 

in length to the out- style, the head very 

large; outer basal lobe long but narrow, extending 

nearly to two-thirds the length of body of style . 

kennedyana Alexander 

Wino with antestigmal brightening small, the base 

of cell R I extensively darkened; male hypopygjum 

(fig. 224) with groups of strong black setae on 

mesal faces of basistyle and ninth sternite . . . 

sayloriana Alexander 

Wings with antestigmal brightening extensive, cell 

RI uniformly whitened; male hypopygium (figs. 

214,217,225) without blackened setae as described 14 


approximately parallel-sided, the apex subtruncate 

or slightly expanded to form a weak heed; outer 

basal lobe a pale flattened oval blade; eighth 

sternite with central part of posterior border slightly 

produced to form a low lobe . 8ubapache Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 214, 217) with inner 

dististyle gradually named outwardly, the tip 

obtusely rounded, not forming a head; outer basal 

lobe reduced in size, darkened; eighth sternite 

with posterior border truncate, not produced . 15 

15 Size unusually small (wing of type male under 9 

mm); trichia of stigma and wing cells duced in 

number, in cells R 5 and MI 

fewer than 20, lacking 

m Rs and 2nd Mx; male hypopygium (fig. 214) 

with marginal spinoid setae of tergite reduced in 

number; inner dististyle on out- half with mic- 

-pic 

Size larger (wing of male 10 mm or more); wings 

with numerous trichia in stigma and in outer cells 

pale setae . . . . . . . carieri Alexander 

Rs to 2ndM~ inclusive; male hypopygium (fig. 

217) with marginal spinoid setae of tergite numerous, 

exceeding 15 on the well developed outer lobes; 

inner dististyle with an area of blackened setae on 

outer half before beak . . . . furidis Alexander 

Y U _ _ ___I___- 

Map 39. Locality records in California for Tipula (Trichotipda) 

beatda Osten Sacken (circles). 

Tipula (Trichotipula) beatula Osten Sacken 

(Figs. 51, 210; Map 39) 

Tipula beatzda Osten Sacken, 1877, U. S. Geol. and Geog. 

Survey of the Ter., Bul. 3:209-210. 

Syntypes 8 0 ; Marin and Sonoma Counties, Calif. (MU). 

Geographic renge.-Known only from California. 

California records.-ALANImA CO. : Castro Valley, V-17-39 

(M. A. Cazier, CPA). Livermore, V-1-39 (T. H. G. Aitken, 

CPA). BUTTE CO.: chic^, IV-13-35 (E. P. Van he, CIS). 

CONTRA COSTA CO.: Moraga, V-W9 (T. Kelley, CPA). 

Mount Diablo, 1ooo3OOO feet, IV-28-39 (T. H. G. Aitken 

and M. A. Cazier, CPA). EL Do- Co.: Snowline Camp, 

VI-20/25-48 (P. D. Hurd, CIS). Los ANGELES Co.: Glendale, 

111-26-47 (E. I. Schlinger, CPA). Los Angeles, Griffith Park, 

V-15-45 (L. Whitelock, CPA). MARIN Co.: IV-V-1876 

(Ostm Sacken, MCZ); types. Mill Valley, Iv-23-50 (H. B. 

Leech, CAS). M O N ~ Co.: Y Amyo S~CO, IV-14-58 (D. 

Burdick, CIS). Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, 

IV-30-V-15-43. V-8-46, VI-23/26--Q8, V-10-VI-1349, 

V-28/30-50, VI-2-51 (J. Linsdale, CPA, UK). R~YERSIDE 

’]


CO.: Elsinore, V-13-45 (G. Glkke CPA). San Jachto 

Mountains, Idyllwild, 5400 feet, VI-15-40 (C. D. Michener, 

CPA). Outlet of Lake Fulmor, 5200 feet, VI-29-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA) . SAN D m CO.: Campo, 2190 feet, V-18-45 

(L. W. Saylor, CPA). Del Mar, V-13-45 (C. P. Alexander 

and J. A. Comstock, CPA). Palomar Mountain, 4700 feet, 

VII-3/6-45 (J. A. Cornstock, -A), W-12-46 (C. P. 

Alexander and J. A. Cornstock, CPA). SAN FRANCISCO CO.: 

San Francisco, (Lone Mountain), IV-24-09 (F. X. Williams, 

CAS); (Dunes) V-10-52 (C. E. Kaufeldt, CAS). SANTA 

BARBARA CO.: Santa Barbara, in Oriental fruit fly trap, No. 

42-58-16 (P. H. Amaud, CPA). SANTA CLARA Co.: Mount 

Hamilton, Isabel Creek, V-11-58 (D. Burdicfr, CIS). Permanente, 

IV-24-15 (R. W. Doane, CAS). Stanford University, 

IV-5-09, V-2-16 (R. W. Doane, CAS). SANTA CRUZ Co.: 

Ben Lomond, near Brookdale, 1500 feet, VI-1-15 (L. W. 

Saylor, CPA). SONOMA CO.: IV-5-1876 (Ostm Sacken, 

MCZ); types. 

Map 40. Locality records in California for Tipula (Tkhotipula) 

bituberculata Doane (circles) and T. (T.) cahuilla Alexander 

(triangles). 

Tipula (Trichotipula) bituberculata Dome 

(Fig. 211; Map 40) 

Tipula bituljerculata Doane, 1901, N. Y. Eht Soc. Jour. 9: 101. 

Holotype 8 ; San Diego, San Bego County, Calif. (WSU). 

GeograpKc ran&.-fiown only from California. 

California records.--KERN CO.: Ad, III-14-35 (A. L. 

Melander, CPA). Erskme Creek, IV-18-58 (R E. Bellmy. 

4004, CPA). Havilah, 3000 feet, IV-28-64 (J. A. Powell, 

CIS). Los ANGELES CO.: Claremont, on Artemisia, 1929 (H. 

E. Sweet, CPA). Los Angdes, 111-15-15 (M. C. Van Duzee, 

CAS). San Gabriel Dam, 111-15-35 (F. E. Skinner, CAS). 


IV-25-V-10-43 (J. Ldle, CPA). RlvgRslD~ Co.: Riverside, 

11-22-35 (P. H. Timberlake), II-24-35 (A. L. 

Melander, CPA). SAN DneGo CO.: San Diego, IV-6-15 (M. 

c. van Duzee, CAS); san Diego (WSU); types. SAN 

FRANCI- Co.: San Franch, W-23-21, IV-2-22 (C. L. 

Fox, CAS); (Lone MomtaiO), IV-24-09 (F. X. Williams, 

CAS). 

Tipula (Trichotipula) cahuilla Alexander 

(Fig. 212; Map 40) 

Tipda CTrichtipUla) cahuilla Alexander, 1920, Calif. Acad. 

Sci. Proc. ser. 4, 10:4344. 

Holotype $; Atascadero, San Luis Obispo County, Calif. 

(CAS). 


California records.-FRESNO CO.: Coalinga, IV-1349 (E. 

S. Ross, CAS). I(BRN Co.: 19 mi, E of Bakersfield, 111-24/26 

47 (P. H. Amaud, CPA). Tejcm Canyon, V-12-27 (E. C. 

Van Dyke, CAS). M0-Y Co.: Bradley, IV-27-19 (E. P. 

Van Duzee, CAS). Santa Luck Mountains, Hastings Reservation, 

in grass, IV-16V-26-49, IV-9,10-51 (J. Linsdale, HR, 

UK). Sm BERNARDINO Co.: Soda Lake, Mojave Desert, on 

Filaree (Erodium), W-9-57 (Cal. NO^. 570, 510, USNM). 

SAN DIEGO Co.: Campo, 2190 feet, V-18-45 (L. W. Saylor, 

CPA) . Lake Cuyamaca, V-745 (A. L.Melander, CPA). Sm 

LUIS O~lspo Co.: Atascadero, IV-26-19 (E. P. Van Duzee, 

CAS); type. Ca&o Plains, IV-1258 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). 

Tu- (3.: 9 mi. NW of California Hot Springs, V-14-63 

(C. A. Toschi, CIS). Three Rivers, along Kaweah River, 

dead in spider web, V-14-64 (D. G. ming, CPA). 

Tipula (Trichotipula) capistrano Alexander 

(Fig. 213) 

Tipula (TrichotipUla> capistrano Alexander, 1946, South. Calif. 

Acad. Sci. BuI. 45:45, h. 1 (8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8; El Monte, Los Angeles CountyJ Calif. (CPA). 


California recOrds-L~s ANGELIS Co.: Claremcmt (C. F. 

Baker, Doane Collection, CAS). San Gabriel River Bird 

Sanctuary, near El Monte, V-21-45 (J. A. Camstock, CPA); 

type. MONTSREY Co.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Re 

servation, IV-9-51 (J. Linsdale, CPA). IirvEasIDE eo.: 

Elsinore, 1300 feet, V-13-45 (G. Gluckert, CPA). Riverside, 

IV-14--26, IV-17-34 (P. H. Timberlh, CPA). SAN DIEGO 

CO.: Campo, 2190 feet, V-17,1845 (L. W. Saylor, CPA). Del 

Mar, VI-10-45 (J. A. COmStoCk, CPA). SAN FRANCISCO CO.: 

San Francisco, 111-2745 (P. C. Ting, -A). SAN LUIS OBISPO 

Co.: Porn, V-1-62 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). Tar Spring Creek, 

IV-20-58 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). SANTA Curu Co.: Without 

further data, ex Harkins Collection (R. W. Doane, CAS). 

Tipula (Trichotipula) cazieri Alexander 

(fig. 214) 

Tipula (Trichotipula) cazieri Alexander, 1942, Canad. Ent 

74: 207-208. 

Holotype 8; Kyle Canyon, Nevada. (CPA). 

Geographic ran&.--California, Nevada. 

California record.-los ANGELIS CO.: Claremont (C. F. 

Baker, CPA).

Tipula (Trichotipula) desertorum Alexander 

(Fig. 215) 

Tipula (Trichotipula) desertom Alexander, 1946, South. 

Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 45:6-7, fig. 3 ( 8 hype). 

Holotype 3; Borrego, San Diego County, Calif. (-A). 

Geographic ran@.-Known only from California. 

Cdif0rm-a record.PAN I)IEGo Co.: BOITegO, IV-19-44 

(J. L. Sperry, CPA); type; Tub CanyOn, 111-2347 (N. 

Crickmer, CPA). 

Tipula (Trichotipula) dorsolineata Dome 

(Fig. 216) 

Tipula dorsolineata Dome, 1901, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 9:98. 

Holotype 0; Keyport., Washington (WSU). 

Geographic zan&.-British Columbia; California, Oregon, 

Washington. 

California -~s.-MoNo Co.: Convict Creek, 7200 feet, 

VII-1961 (H. D. Kennedy, CPA). Leavitt Meadow, 7200 

feet, in flight trap, VIII-13-63 (€5. B. Leech, CAS). NEVADA 

Co.: Truckee, VIII-1948 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Tipula (Trichotipula) furidis Alexander 

(Fig. 217) 


Tiputa (Trichotipcda) furidis Alexander, 1946, South. Calif. 

Acad Sci. Bul. 45 : 7-8, k. 6 ( 3 hyp.). 

Holotype 8; Campo, San Diego County, Calii. (CPA). 


California -~s.-INYo Co.: Camp Manzanar, 3700 feet, 

VII-1/6-45 (J. M. Mayeda, CPA). MONTEREY CO.: Santa 

Lucia Mountains, Hasting Reservation, VII-30-43, VI-6-46, 

VI-22-48 (J. Linsdale, CIS). SAN DESGO CO.: Campo, 2190 

feet, at light, VI-24/28-45 (L. W. Saylor, CPA); type. 

Tipula (Trichotipula) gertschi Alexander 

(Fig, 218) 

Tipula (Trichotipcda) gertschi Alexander, 1965, Great Basin 

Nat 23: 159-160. 

Holotype 8; Buckeye Cave, Calaveras County, Calif. 

(AMMI). 


California reiwrds.-CAu~RAs Co.: Buckeye Cave, 1 x 4 

61 (W. J. Gertsch, AM", No. 1976); types; WII-17-62, 

VIII-16-63 (R. E. Graham, AM"). Cave of the Catacombs, 

IX-1-61 (R E. Graham, AM", NO. 1893); types. Cry~tal 

Cavern, VIII-18-63 (R. E. Graham, AMNH). Dublin Cave, 

VIII-17-63 (R. E. Graham, AM"). Shew's Cave, VIII- 

15-62 (R. E. Graham, AM"). Wool Hollow Cave, VIII- 

11-62 (R. E. Graham, AMNH). 

Tipula (Trichotipula) kennedyana Alexander 

(Fig. 219) 

Tipula (Trichtipula) kedyana Alexander, 1965, Pacific 

Insects 7:383. 

Holotype 8 ; Convict Creek, Mono County, Calif. (CPA). 


califomie recOrd.-MONO Co.: Convict Creek, 7200 feet, 

VII-1961 (I€ D. K~edy, CPA). 

1 U'*.l*- 

2" II ,* 

D ," ,I 0.9 

Map 41. Locality records in California for Tipula (Trichotipula) 

macrophalZus (Dieb) (circles). 

Tipula (Trichotipula) macrophallus (Dietz) 

(Fig. 220; Map 41) 

Pachyrhina macrophallus Dietz, 1918, her. Ent Soc. Trans. 

44:114-115. 

Holotype $; Deer Creek, Provo Canyon, Utah. (ANSP). 


Utah, Washington. 

California rec0rds-A~~~~~~ 

CO.: Berkeley, V-4-39 (T. H. 

G. Aitken, CPA); V-639 (M. A. Mer, CPA). CONTRA 

COSTA CO.: Bear Creek, V-15-58 (S. F. Cook, CIS). DEL 

NO- Co.: 26.5 mi. NE of Crescent City, VI-22-59'(G. W. 

Byers, TJK). HUMBOLDT Co.: Prairie Creek State Park, VII- 

30-46, VII-9-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); VIII-1048 (C. 

P. Alexander and IC EL Fender, CPA). Los ANGBLE~ Co.: 

Loa Angela, Griffith Park, V-19-45 (L. Whitelock, CPA). 

San Gabriel River Bird Reservation, near El Monte, V-21- 

45 (J. A. Comstock, CPA). MARIN Co.: Mill Valley, V-31-25, 

V4-26 (M. C. Van DuZq CAS); IV-25-V-16-26 (E. P. 

Van DUZ- CAS); VI-21-48, VI1-12,13-48, VI-2-57 (H. B. 

Leech, CAS). Samuel P. Taylor State Park, VII-16-58 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). MONTBRBY Co.: Cannel, VIS-7-40 

(T. H. G. Aitken and M. A. CeEier, CPA). Pfeiffer Big Sur 

State Park, VII-11-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Santa Lucia 

Mountains, Ha~ting~ R-tion, VI-1/2243, VI-14-45, VI- 

9/22-48, VI-12-VII-10-49, V-18,22-50, VI-2050 (J. 

Linsdale, CIS). RIVERSIDE Co.: Riverside, VI-1046 (J. L. 

Sperry, CPA). SAN FRANasco Co.: San Francisco, VIII-27- 

59 (H. B. Leech, CAS). SAN MATXI Co.: Po-la State Park, 

Pescadeco Creek, in spider web, VII-13-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). SANTA CLARA Co.: Milpitas, IV-1912 (H. Miller, 

ANSP); part of type material. Stanford University, V-25-08


(R. W. Doane, CAS). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Big Basin, July (R. 

W. Doane, CAS). SHASTA CO.: Castle Crags State Park, VII- 

30-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SONOMA CO.: Mouth of 

Russian River, VII-17-56 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). T- 

CO.: Sequoia National Park, VII-18-46 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). 

Tipula (Trichotipula) mayedai Alexander 

(Fig. 221) 

Tipula (Trichotipula) mayedai Alexander, 1946, South. Calif. 

Acad. Sci. Bul. 45:&10, fig. 2 ( 8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8; Camp Manzanar, Inyo County, Calif. (CPA). 


California records.-INYO CO.: Camp Manzanar, 3700 feet, 

VII-1/645 (J. M. Mayeda, CPA); types. RIVERSIDE CO.: 

Hopkin's Well, IV-13-58 (J. A. Powell, CIS). SAN DIEGO 

Co.: Borrego, IV-18-44 (3. L. Sperry, CPA); type material. 

Tipula (Trichotipula) megalodonta Alexander 

(Fig. 222) 

Tipula (Trichotipula) rnegalodonta Alexander, 1946, South. 

Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 45: 10-12, fig. 4 ( 8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8 ; Elsinore, Riverside County, Calif. (CPA). 


California records.--L~s ANCELES Co.: Los Angeles, Griflith 

Park, V-19/26-45 (L. Whitelock, CPA); type material. 


VI-1345, V-646, VI-23/30-48, VIII-7-48, VI-1249, V- 

14/31-50 (J. Linsdale, CIS, HR, UK). RIVERSIDE CO.: 

Elsinore, 1300 feet, V-13-45 (G. Gluckert, CPA); types. SAN 

DIEGO Co.: Del Mar, IV-29-45 (J. A. Comstock, CPA). SAN 

LUIS OBISPO CO.: Tar Spring Creek, IV-20-58 (C. D. Hynes, 

CPA). 

Tipula (Trichotipula) repulsa Alexander 

(Fig. 223) 

Tipula (Trichotipula> repdsa Alexander, 1943, Canad. Ent. 

75: 139-140. 

Holotype 8 ; Terrace, British Columbia (CPA). 


Washington. 

California records.-MARM Co.: Mill Valley, VII-3-59 (H. 

B. Leech, CAS). MARIPOSA Co.: Mormon Ber, VI-6-40 (T. 

R G. Aitken, B. Brookman, and M. A. Cazier, CPA). SOLANO 

CO.: Green Valley, VI-13-39 (G. E. Bohart, CPA). 

Tipula (Trichotipula) sayloriana Alexander 

(Fig. 224) 

Tipula (Trichotipula) sayloriana Alexander, 1946, South. Calif. 

Acad. Sci. Bul. 45:12-14, 6g. 5 ( 8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8; Campo, San Diego County, Calif. (CPA). 


California record.4~~ DIE^ Co.: Campo, 2190 feet, 

VI-24-45 (L. W. Saylor, CPA); type. 

Tipula (Trichotipula) subapache Alexander 

(Fig. 225) 

Tipula (Trichotipula) subapache Alexander, 1947, Pan-Pacific 

Ent 23:91-93. 

Holotype 8; Barton Flats, San Bemardino County, Calif. 

( CPA) . 

Geographic rar@.-Known only from California. 

California records.sAN BERNARDINO CO.: San Bernardino 

Mountains, Barton Flats, 6250 feet, IX-13/22-46 (J. L. 

Sperry, CPA); types; S fork of Santa Ana River, IX-1945 

(A. L. Melander, CPA). 

Subgenus Triplicitipula Alexander 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 7: 3 54 

355, fig. 30. 

The subgenus was proposed for the so-called 

triplex group, formerly placed in Lunatipula Edwards. 

There are numerous species throughout North 

America, with several in California, some of economic 

importance in being destructive to grain crops and 

alfalfa and to range vegetation. A very few species 

are found in the high mountains of western China and 

Tibet Several of the local species have the wings 

reduced, profoundIy so in both sexes of quaylii, in 

other species to a lesser degree and chiefly in the 

females. The most important subgeneric character is 

found in the phallosome of the male hypopygium, this 

being developed into a more or less spatdate organ 

with the gonapophyses placed far distad neev the 

apex of the aedeagus (fig. 228). 

1 

2 

3 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TRIPLICITIPULA 

Wings more or less atrophied and reduced in sue, the 

venation correspcmdingly distorted (chiefly females) 2 

Wings fully developed in both sexes . . . . . . 7 

Both sexes nearly apterous, the wings reduced to tiny 

scales (male hypopygium with the outer basal lobe 

of inner dististyle lacking; outer dististyle narrow; 

ninth tergite with lateral lobea broadly obtuse, 

margins smooth, with very delicate setulae, eighth 

sternite unmodified [fig. 2381; in female, cerci 

on ventral margin with about six coarse teeth) . 

quaylii Doane ( 8 9 ) 

Female more or less subaptemus, wings most reduced 

in simplex where they are subequal in length to 

the halteres, longest in males of vestigipennis (5-9 

mm) and wifli-. 

female (9-10 mm); male sex 

fully winged in all but vestigipennis . . . . . 3 

Wings of female greatly reduced, subequal in length 

to thehalteres (males fully winged) . . . . . 

simplex Doane ( 9 ) 

Wings of female much longer than the haltere . . 4 

4 Wings stenopterous, relatively long and narrow, to 

about 9 mm (male, vestigipennis; females, vestigipennis 

and willi-.) . . . . . . . . . . 5 

Wings shorter and broader, to about 7 mm, tips ob- 

5 

tuse to subtruncate (females only) . . . . . 6 

Mesonotum with ground color light yellow, praescutal 

stripes darker yellow; wings about 5-9 mm, tips 

broadly obtuse; male hypopygium (fig. 241) much 

as in planiwrnis which is fully winged in both 

sexea . . . . . . . . vesti&pennis Doane ( 8 ) 

Mesonotum with ground color darker, brownish or 

grayish yellow; wings about 9-10 mm, narrowed at

6 

apex; males fully winged . . . williamsi Doane ( 0 ) 

General coloration of mesonoturn light yellow with 

faintly differentiated darker stripes; wings 5-6 mm 

vestigipennis Doane ( 0 ) 

General coloration of mesonotal praescutum gray, 

with four brown stripes; wing veins dark brown, 

distinct, venation not greatly distorted; wings 4-7 

mm; males fully winged . . . dvesfra Doane ( 0 1 

(unguZata Doane) 

7 Wings distinctly patterned with brown, additional 

to the stigmal darkening, including a brown spot 

at origin of Rs . . . . . . . . . . . 8 

Wings without clearly defined brown pattern other 

than the stigma . . . . . . - . . . . . 10 

8 Size small (wing about 11-12 mm); wings with 

darkened clouds in d ls of basal half, especially in 

cells R and M adjoining veins R and Cu, the dark 

pattern more abundant beyond the cord; male hypopygium 

with outer basal lobe of inner dististyle 

lacking (fig. 240) . . . . . simplex Doane (8) 

Size larger (wing of male 18 mm or more, females 

larger); wings with cells of basal half virtually unpatterned, 

beyond the cord with conspicuous dark 

clouds in centers of cells; male hypopygium with 

outer basal lobe of inner dististyle present as a 

9 

10 

long narrow erect rod (figs. 229, 237) . . . . 9 

Size smaller (wing of male about 18-20 mm); wings 

with whitened seams along outer medial veins 

narrower and less conspicuous; marginal white spot 

in cell 1st A near vein 2nd A lacking or inconspicuous; 

male hypopygium (fig. 229) with intermediate 

spines of ninth tergite approximated at the 

midline; eighth sternite with lateral lobes with 

outer two setae greatly enlarged, fasciculate, median 

area virtually glabrous, with few scattered setae . 

doaneiana Alexander 

Size large (wing of male about 22-24 mm); wings 

with whitened seams along outer medial veins 

broad; a conspicuous whitened marginal spot in 

cell 1st A adjoining vein 2nd A; male hypopygium 

(fig. 237) with intermediate spines of ninth tergite 

widely separated by a U-shaped emargination and 

dorsal funwv; eighth sternite with setae of lateral 

lobes long and abundant, none fasciculata, median 

area with a low convex lobe that is very densely 

clothed with very long delicate yellowish setae . 

Male hypopygium with posterior border of tergite 

emarginate, without a median projection (figs. 

232-234, 236) (wings more or less darkened, the 

whitened obliterative area at cord conspicuous) . 11 

Male hypopygium with two approximated spines or 

flattened blades at midline of posterior border of 

tergite (figs. 225, 226, 231, 235, 239, 242) . . . 13 

11 Abdomen without a well-defined middorsal brown 

stripe; male hypopygium (6g. 232, 233) with the 

outer basal lobe of inner dististyle broadly applied 

to margin of style, only the dorsal end free; ovipositor 

of female with apex of cercus narrowly obtuse 

to subacute . . . . . . . . lygropis Alexander 

Abdomen with a conspicuous virtually entire bmwn 

mid-dorsal stripe, the lateral darkened areas much 

reduced and interrupted; male hypopygium (figs. 

234, 236) with the outer basal lobe of inner 


pubera Loew 

dististyle stout, broad-based, directed outwardly; 

ovipositor of female with apex of cercus broadly 

oblique to feebly emarginate . . . . . . . . 12 

12 Male hypopygium (fig. 236) with lateral lobes of 

eighth stwnite stout, with relatively abundant 

setae .. . . . . . . . . . . . preecisa Loew 

Male hypopygium (fig. 234) with lateral lobes of 

eighth sternite slender, with a few long setae (very 

13 

close to praecisa and may prove not to be distinct) 

&dentalia Bane 

Ninth tergite with apices of intermediate spines acute 

or subacute (figs. 226. 228, 235, 239) . . . . 14 

Ninth tergite with apices of intermdiate blades 

obtuse or truncate (figs. 227, 231, 242) . . . . 18 

14 Hypopygium with appendage of ninth sternite an 

elongate slender club; eighth sternite with lateral 

lobes large and complex, including a double row or 

comb of strong bristles and a flattened glabrous 

plate that is extended into a stout thumblike projection; 

cephalic median cushions with abundant 

very long yellow setae (figs. 226, 239) . . . . 15 

Appendage of ninth sternite not an elongate club 

(figs. 228, 235) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 

15 General coloration of body gray; hypopygium (fig. 

239) with appendage of ninth sternite dilated at 

base; eighth sternite with posterior central lobe 

obtuse, with relatively sparse delicate yellow setae; 

female subapterous . . . . . . . silvestra Doane 

16 

(ungdata Doane) 

General coloration of body gray to grayish brown; 

hypopygium (fig. 226) with appendage of ninth 

sternite slender, not dilated at base; eighth sternite 

with posterior central lobe triangular, with 

abundant short blackened spinoid seta% female 

fully winged . . . . . . . . . . acuta Doane 

Median area of eighth sternite of male with a pair of 

slender rod-like spines; appendage of ninth sternite 

an oval fleshy lobe . . . . . . . subtilis Doane 

Median area of eighth sternite not as above. . . . 17 

17 Hypopygium (fig. 235) with appendage of ninth 

sternite long, broad at base, at near midlength 

abruptly narrowed into a gently curved setiferous 

blade that terminates in a slender spine; ninth 

tergite with the intermediate lobes broad basally, 

outer end oblique, tip acute; inner dististyle with 

outer basal lobe slender, apex pale and obtuse; 

outer style large, outer end broadly obtuse; eighth 

sternite with lateral lobes large, flattened, margined 

with modified setae, outwardly extended into a 

flattened blade; median area with a double cushion 

. . . . 

andaprojectingcentralsetif~~lobe 

pZaniwmi.9 Doane 

Hypopygium (fig. 228) with appendage of ninth 

sternite fleshy, not narrowed outwardly as describ 

ed; ninth tergite with the intermediate lobes evenly 

narrowed into acute points; inner dististyle with 

outer basal lobe slender, at apex narrowed into a 

small beak directed laterad; outer dististyle smaller, 

darkened, strongly narrowed outwardly to appear 

subtriangular; eighth sternite with lateral lobes 

with strongly modified setae from dilated bases but 

not produced into a flattened blade; median area 

scarcely modified or extended . . bellamyi Alexander 

18 Ninth tergite (fig. 231) with apices of both the


19 

lateral and intermediate lobes trunat~?, the mafgins 

smooth; outer dististyle with club small, inner style 

with the yellow setae of posterior crest long, concentrated 

to form a weak brush; eighth sternite 

with two or three of the more basal setae of lateral 

lobes modified, appearing as short stout spurs, near 

tip of each produced caudad at a right angle into 

a slender spine . . . . . idiotricha Alexander 

Ninth tergite (fips. 227, 242) with apices of intermediate 

lobes broad, obtusely rounded, inner 

margins of lateral lobes with sparse coarse teeth; 

outer dististyle with dub elongate, inner style with 

setae of posterior crest more Muse, not fonning a 

brush; eighth sternite without such m&ed setae 

Eighth sternite (a 227) with the modified setae of 

lateral lobes more numerous, collllloonly 7 or 8; 

central cushions large, with very long rufous setae; 

fully winged in both sexes . . . . aequalis Dome 

Eighth sternite (fig. 242) with the meed setae of 

lateral lobes fewer, about 5 or 6, and weaker; 

central cushions low, with shorter setae; males fully 

winged, females with wings reduced, stsnopam 

(see couplet 5). The male sex is very similar to 

that of aequalis . . . . . . . w" Doane 

SUMMARY OF SYNONYMS AND AFFINITIFS 

IN TRIPLICITIPULA 

aequalis Doane--close to sylvicola Doane and williamy' Dome, 

the latter with subaptemus female; reesi Alexander, SWOnym. 

doaneiana Alexanderdifomka Doane, 1912; synonym. 

planimrnjs Doan-lose to vestigipennis h e , with subapterous 

male and female. 

praeciaa Loew--close to oocidentalis Doane; tin& Alexander, 

synonym. 

silvestra Doan-gulata 

Doane, synonym. 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) acuta Doane 

(Plate I; Fig. 226; Map 42) 

Tipula acuta Doane, 1901, N. Y. Eht Soc. Jour. 9:116-117. 

Holotype 8 ; Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, Calif. (WSU). 

Geographic ren&.-Caliiomia, Oregon, Utah. 

California reCords.--ALAMmA Co.: Livermore, V-12-40 

(T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). Near Sunol, V-10-49 (F. Morishita, 

CIS). BU~E CO.: Richardson Springs, lo00 feet, V-15-55 

(0. Bryant, CAS). CONTRA COSTA CO.: 10 mi. SE of Concord, 

along Curry Creek, IV-30-61 (R. M. Bruwn, CPA). 

HUMBOLDT CO.: Garberville, IV-19-35 (E. P. Van bee, 

CAS). KERN CO.: 19 mi. E of Bakersfield, 11-24/26-47 (P. 

H. Amaud, CPA). Erskine Creek, IV-1-1 (R. E. Bellamy, 

4004, CPA). Kern River Canyon, 6.4 mi. upriver from mouth 

of canyon, IV-14-62 (R E. Mlamy, 5126, CPA). Lek, 

4000 feet, V-15-28 (J. 0. Martin, CAS). LAICE Co.: 1 mi. W 

of Lower Lake, V-10-26 (M. C. Van Duzee, CAS). Middletown, 

Putch Creek, V-11,12-26 (M. C. and E. P. Van bee, 

CAS). MAD- CO.: San Joaquin Experimental Range, IV- 

17,1843 (H. E. Childs, CIS). MARIN Co.: Alpine Lake, 

IV-24-58 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). Paradise Cove, IV-29-61 

(C. Slobodchikoff, CAS). Point Reyes, IV-11,12-58 (D. Burdick, 

CIS). MARIPOSA CO.: Yosemite National Park, Yosemite 

valley, V-12-27 (E. C. VM Dyke, CAS). MENDOCIN0 CO.: 

19 

Map 42. Locality records m California for Tipula (Triplicitipula) 

acufa Doane (circles). 

Hopland, V-9-26 (E. P. Van kee, CAS). Yorhville, IV- 

30-24 (E. P. Van kea, CAS). MONTBRBY Co.: Santa Lucia 

Mountains, Hastings Reservation, V&VI-9, VI-1-50 (J. 

Linsdale, HR); V-3-58 (J. A. Powell, CIS). NAPA CO.: 

1 mi. N of Angwin, V-9-64 (H. B. Leech, CAS). SAN 

MA- CO.: Sandhiill Road, IV-16-60 (P. H. Amaud, CAS). 

SANTA CLARA Co.: Alum Rock Park, 6 mi. E of San Jose, 

IV-12-64 (R. E. Douglas, SJS). Arroyo Mdo, V-6-48 

(R. F. Smith, CIS). Mount Hamilton, Isabel Creek, V-11-58 

(D. Burdick, CIS). Palo Alto, IV-24-1892 (V. KelIogg, 

WSU); type; III-30-1O,III-lV-1915 (R W. h e , CAS). 

San Antonio Valley, V-1-47 (R. F. Smith, CIS). SONOMA 

CO.: Bodega Bay, IV-16-65 (J. D. Birchim, CPA). Glen 

Ellen, IV-2950 (H. B. Leech, CAS). 4 mi. W of Plantation, 

V-1-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). STANISLAUS Co.: Adobe Creek, 

V-6-48 (R. F. Smith, CIS). Del Puerto Canyon, V-11-48 

(R. F. Smith, CIS). TULARB Co.: 5 mi, NE of Sprhgville, 

V-13-63 (S. W. Eamshaw, CIS). YOU, Co.: Davis, 11-746 

(W. H. Lange, CPA, UCD). 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) aequalis Doane 

(Fig. 22% Map 43) 

Tipula aequali# Doane, 1901, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 9:108. 


Synonym.-Tipula reeai Alexander, 1939, Microentomology 

4:143-144. (Morphology by Bryant E. Rees and G. F. 

Ferris, pp. 145-176, figs. 72-91; 1939). 

Geographic range.4ifomia, Oregon, Washington. 

California recomls.--CO~ COSTA Co.: Mount Diablo, 

3000 feet, IV-28-39

I 


1700-3000 feet, at light, IV-23-49 (C. I. Smith, CIS). MARM 

CO.: Mill Valley, 111-5-26 (M. C. Van Duzee, CAS). 

MONTEREY CO.: Arroyo Seco, IV-15-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). 

Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, Big Creek, IV- 

243,1\1-30-49, V-19/30-50, IV-9/12-51; Upper Big Creek, 

V-19/29-50 (J. Linsdale, HR). RWERSDE CO.: Cleveland 

National Forest, S ~ t Ana a Mountains, El Cariso, V-8-63; 

San Juan Canyon, Upper San Juan Forest Camp, 1745 feet, 

V-8-63 (C P. Alexander, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO Co.: San 

Bemardino Mountains, Swen Oaks along Santa Ana River, 

SO00 feet, V-7-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Sluv DIEGO CO.: 

Del Mar, IV-15-45 (J. A. Cornstuck, CPA). SAN Lws 

Omsm Co.: Poly Canyon, 111-29-59 (C. D. Hynes. CPA). 

SANTA CLARA CO.: Palo Alto (R W. Doane); types. 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) idiotricha Alexander 

(pi. 231) 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) idiotricha Alexander, 1965, Pacific Invecta 

7:385-386. 

Holotype 8; Mill Creek Canyon, San Bernardino County, 

Calif. (CIS). 


California record.4~~ 

BERNARDINO CO.: San Bernardino 

Mountains, Mill Creek Canyon, VII-10-22 (F. R. Cole, CIS); 

trpa 

Map 43. Locality records in California for Tipula (Triplicitipula) 

aequdis Doane (circles). 

Mormon Bar, VI-6-39 (A. Domes, CPA). SM DIEGO CO.: 

Oak Grove, V-8-45 (A. L. Melander, CPA). San Diego; type. 

Palomar Mountain, VII-3/6-45 (J. A. Comstoclr, CPA). S m 

FRANa- Co.: San Francisco; type material. SAN LUIS 

OBISPO CO.: Tar Spring Creek, IV-20-58 (C. D. Hynes, 

CPA). SAN Iihm Co.: Redwood City, IV-1047 (P. H. 

Arnaud, CPA). SANTA BARBARA CO.: Santa Barbara, Alisal 

Creek, 111-2346 (W. Procter, CPA). SANTA CLARA CO.: 

Palo Alto, 111-5-15 (R. W. Doane, CAS); V-6-38 (B. E. 

Rees, CAS); type of reesi. SHASTA Co.: Castle Crags State 

Park, 2000 feet, VII-8-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) bellmyi Alexander 

(Fig. 228) 

Tipula (Triplicitipda) bellaznyi Alexander, 1965, Pacific 

Insects 7:383-385. 

Holotype 8; Lucas Creek, Kern County, Calif. (CPA). 


California reconk-Kmw CO.: Luea~ Creek, W-18-62 

(R. E. Bellmy, 5138, CPA); type. Mmmocnuo Co.: Potters 

Valley, V-1-29 (E. H. Nest, CAS); paratype 8. 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) doaneiana Alexander 

(Fig. 229) 

Tipula doaneiana Alexander, 1919, Canad Ent. 51: 195-196. 

Syntypm 3 d ; Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, Calif. (CAS). 

Synonym-Tipula californica Doane, 1912, Ent Soc. Amer. 

Ann. 5:49 (Preocc. by californica [Doane] 1908). 


California records.-CONTRA COSTA Co.: Mount Diablo, 

Map 44. Locality records in California for Tipula (Triplicitipula) 

lygropis Alexander (circles). 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) ly&opis Alexander 

(Figs. 232, 233; Map 44) 

Tipula tygropis Alexander, 1920, Canad. Ent. 52: 227-228. 

Holotype 8; Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara County, 

Calif. (CAS).


Geographic rmge.-Known only from California. 

California records.- ALAMEDA Co.: Berkeley, VI-15-33 

(P. H. Timberlake, CPA). CONTRA COSTA Co.: Martinez, 

V-1961 (P. Taylor, CAS). LOS ANGELS Co.: Los Angeles, 

Elysian Park, IV-12-23, V-25-45 (J. A. Comstock, CPA). 

MARIN CO.: Mill Valley, VII-1248 (H. B. Leech, CAS). 

MARIPOSA Co.: Yosemite National Park, Yosemite Valley, 

VI-25-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). MENDOUNO CO.: Fort Bragg, 

IV-30-46, V-8-46, VI-15-48 (H. B. Leech, CAS). MONTEREY 

CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, IV-30-43, 

V-12/30-43, IV-30-48, V-2648, VI-10/2448, VI-5/12- 

49, V-1-31-50, VI-1/5-50, VII-2-50, V-25-51, W-2-51 

(J. Linsdale, CPA, HR, UK). SAN D m Co.: Mount Palomar, 

VI-28-63 (H. L. Griffin, CIS). SAN MA= Co.: South 

San Francisco, 111-26-50 (R. S. Beal, CPA). SANTA BARBARA 

CO.: Santa Cnu Island, V-16-19 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS); 

type. SANTA CLARA Co.: Palo Alto, IV-1915 (R. W. Doane, 

CAS). TRINITY CO.: Near Dd Loma, VI-20-59 (G. W. Byers, 

UK). TUOLUMNE Co.: Pinecrest, VIII-16-48 (P. H. baud, 

CAS). 

(J. A. Comstock, CPA). Camp Pendleton, NE of Oceanside, 

IV-2246 (P. H. Timberlake, CPA). San Diego (CAS); 

types. SAN LUIS O B I CO.: ~ ~ San Luis Obispo, IV-28-58 

(C. D. Hynes, CPA). SANTA CLARA Co.: Stanford University, 

IV-1915 (R. W. Doane, CAS). SOLANO CO.: Green Valley 

Falls Park, IV-27-41 (T. H. G. Aitken and B. Brookman, 

CPA) . 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) planicomis Doane 

(Fig. 235; Map 45) 

Tipula planicomis Doane, 1912, Ent Soc. Amer. Ann. 5:52-53. 

Syntypes 20 8, 8 P; San Diego, San Diego County, Calif. 

(CAS). 

Geographic rmge.-Known only from California. 

California records.-KEm Co.: Cuyama Valley, IV-le32 

(E. P. Van bee, CAS). Los ANGELES Co.: Los Angeles, IV- 

30-30 (H. Edwards, No. 8357, CIS); III-15-15 (M. C. Van 

Duzee, CAS). Co.: Riverside, Santa Ana River, 

IV-19-27 (B. Crow, CIS); IV-135 (P. H. Timberlake, 

CPA). Elsinore, V-13-45 (G. Gliickert, CPA); Hurkey 

Creek, SO00 feet, VI-10-40 (C. D. Michener, CPA); Idyllwild, 

VI-9/15-40 (C. D. Michener, CPA). Temecula, V-10-45 

(A. L. Melander, CPA). SAN BERNAF~DINO Co.: San Bernardino 

Mountains, Barton Flats, 6300 feet, VII-20/22-46 (J. L. 

Sperry, CPA). SAN DIM;~ 03.: Lake Henshaw, VII-5-45 

(A. L. Melander, CPA). Mount Palmar, 4700 feet, VII-6- 

45 (J. A. Comstock, CPA); VI-28-63 (H. L. Griffin, CIS). 

San Diego; types; IV-24-13 (M. C. Van Duzee, CAS). SAN 

LUIS OBISPO CO.: Perfumo Canyon, IV-29-60 (C. D. Hynes, 

CPA). Porn, IV-27-V-1-62 (J. A. Powell and C. A. Toschi, 

CIS). R 27 T 11 N, S 31 L, IV-18-58 (C. D. Hyne~, CPA). 

SANTA BARBARA Co.: Santa Barbara, at light, 11-16,1746 

1 c.._-- 

L. u. I* ~ ,* 

. ~- 

1 

-R4- 

." *I. 

I. .* u 

Map 45. Locality records in California for Tipula (Tripliu'tipula) 

Occidentdis Doane (circles) and T. (T.) pZanicOrns 

Doane (triangles). 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) occidentalis Doane 

(Fig. 234; Map 45) 

Tipula occidentalis Bane, 1912, Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 5:59- 

60. 

Syntypes 6 8 ; San Diego, San Diego County, Calif. (CAS). 

(Very close to pr-*sa Loew and may prove to be synonymous.) 


California records.-MONTEREY CO.: Bryson, V-17-20 (E. 

P. Van Duzee, CAS). SAN DIEGO Co.: Del Mar, IV-15-45 

. .--,_-_Y'aL 

J 9 ,. IY 111 1. ", 

Map 46. Locality records in California for Tipula (Triplicitpula) 

praecisa Loew (circles).

Alexander: The Crane Flies of Califom*a 65 

(W. Procter, CPA). VENTURA Co.: Lockwood Creek, V5/7- 

59 (P. D. Hurd, CPA, CIS). 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) praecisa Loew 

(Fig. 236; Map 46) 

Tipula praecisa Loew, Dipt her. Sept Ind., Cent x, 1872, 

Berl. Ent Zeitschr. 16:s. 

Holotype; "California" (Henry Edwads, MCZ). 

Synonym-Tipula fin& Alexander, 1939, Brooklyn Ent 

SOC. Bul. 34:93-95. Holotype 8; Marin County, California 

(USNM). 

Geographk range.*omia, Oregon, Washington. 

California records.-"California," without exact data (H. 

Edwards, MU); type; bearing label preecoisa in Osten 

Sacken's writing. ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley, VI-1533 (P. H. 

Timberlake, CPA); V-22-39 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA); V- 

5/11-52 (J. W. Hinman, CIS): Strawberry Canyon, N- 

29-56 (J. M. Burns, CIS). ConTRll COSTA Co.: 10 mi. SE 

of Concord along Curry Creek, IV-30-61 (R. M. Brown, US). 

Mount Diablo, 1000 feet, W-28-39 (M. A. Mer, CPA); 

3000 feet, IV-28-39 (T. Kellq, CPA). HUMBOLDT CO.: 

Prairie Creek State Park, W-3 1-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA) . 

Los ANGELES Co.: Los Angela, V-26-45 (J. A. CO~S~OCIK, 

CPA). Pasadena, IV-8-45 (J. Held, CPA). MARW Co.: Paradise 

Cove, IV-29-61 (C. Slobodchikoff, CAS). Samuel P. 

Taylor State Park, IV-20-47 (P. H. Amaud, CPA). Tiburon, 

IV-29-61 (C. Slobodchikoff, CAS). Emerged from decaying 

leaves, IV-8-35 (P. C. Ting, CPA); type of fingi. -SA 

Co.: Mormon Bar, VI-6-39 (A. Downes, CPA). Yosemite 

National Park, along Yosemite Creek, 4000 feet, VI-12-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONTEREY Co.: Pfeiffer Big Sur 


Mountains, Hastings Reservation, V-23-43, VI-1-43, V-8- 

46, VI-7/30-48, V-5-W-w9, VI-1-50 (J. Linsdale, HR). 

RIVEFS~E CO.: Elsinore, V-13-45 (G. Gluckert, CPA); 

Hurkey Creek Camp, 4500 feet, VII-1-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA) . Idyllwild, 5300 feet, W-29-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA) . 

SAN DIu;o CO.: No exact data, Doane Collection, CAS. 

Alpine, IV-10-15 (M. C. Van Duzee, CAS). Del Mar, V-13- 

45 (J. A. Comstock, CPA). Mount Palomar, Doane Creek, 

VII-l1,12-46 (C. P. Alexander and J. A. Comstock, CPA). 

SAN FRANCISCO Co.: San Francisco, III-30-08 (R. W. Doane, 

CAS). SAN Lur~ OBISPO Co.: 7 mi. SW Atascadero, V-2-62 

(J. A. Powell, CIS). SAN I V h m 0.: Montara (0. Bryant, 

CPA). Redwood City, IV-27-60 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). 

SANTA BARBARA CO.: Santa Barbara, Alisal Creek, III-23-36 

(W. Procter, CPA). SANTA CLARA Co.: Stanford University, 

V-10-06, IV-20/30-08 (R. W. Doane, CAS). SHASTA Co.: 

Burney Falls, WI-1-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Castle 

Crags State Park, 2100 feet, VIII3-48, V11-30-58 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SONOMA Co.: Glen Ellen, V-29-50 (H. B. 

Leech, CAS). Santa Rosa, V-16-65 (J. D. Birchim, CPA). 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) pubera h ew 

(Figs. 11, 237; Map 47) 

Tipula pubera Loew, Dipt Amer. Sept Ind., Cent. V, 1864, 

Berl. Ent Ztschr. 8:57. 

Holotype; "California" (A. Agassiz, MU). 


Washington. 

California records.-"California," without exact data 

1 ,. I" 88. 

Y rn v I. I. 1,s 

Map 47. Locality records in California for Tipula (Triplidtipule) 

pubera Loew (circles). 

(Alexander Agassiz, MCZ); type. ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley, V- 

17-52 (J. J. Menn, CIS). IV-11-26 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS); 

V-3-53 (A. E. Gray, CIS); V-237 (J. F. Lawrence, CIS); 

V-30-58 (J. Hering, CIS); VI-8-62 (E. G. Linsley, CIS). 

Redd Canyon, V-29-15 (M. C. Van Duzee, CAS). I)EL 

NORTE CO.: 26.5 mi. NE of Crescent City, VI-22-59 (G. W. 

Byers, UK). Klamath, VIII-1-48 (R. W. Coleman, CPA). 

Los ANGEL= Co.: Glendale, 111-26-47 (E. I. Schlhger, 

CAS). MARIN Co.: Inverness, IV-4/7-53 (P. H. Amaud, 

CAS). Lake Lagunitas, V-24-58 (D. C. Rentx, CAS). Mill 

Valley, 111-6-26, IV-25-26 (E. H. Nast, CAS). Muir Woods, 

V-19-15 (M. C. Van bee, CAS). San Rafael, IV-22-48 

(Wilson Quail, CAS). MEND~CINO Co.: Cape Marwedel, 

VII-1939 (R. G. Dahl, CAS). MONTEREY Co.: Arroyo Seco, 

IV-14-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). Los Padres National Forest, 

Salmon Creek, IV-25-58, V-2-64 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). 

Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, V-6-43, V-26- 

45, IV-30--V-29-46, VI-10/24-48, IV-10-49, V-25-49, V- 

21/29-50, IV-10/23-51, V-25-51 (J. Lmsdale, CPA, HR, 

UK). SAW LUIS OBISPO Co.: Atascadero, 111-1840 (C. D. 

Duncan, SJS). SAN MATE^ Co.: Lake Pilarcitos, on arbutus, 

IV-14-40 (R. G. Dahl, CAS). SANTA BARBARA Co.: Santa 

Barbara, Alisal Creek, 111-2336; Nojoqui Falls, 111-23-36 

(W. Procter, CPA). SANTA CLARA Co.: Alum Rock Park, 6 

mi. E of San Jose, V-1343 (P. H. Amaud. CPA). Corte 

Madera Creek, Palo Alto, V-15-06 (R. W. Dome, CAS). 

Mount Hamilton, 3000 feet, V-19-40 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). 

San Jose, eastern foothills, at light, V-18-62 (J. G. Edwards, 

SJS). Stanford University, IV-1644 (R W. Doane, CAS); 

VI-19-22 (R. W. Doane, CAS); IV-12-48 (C. D. Duncan, 

SJS). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Ben Lomond, 1500 feet, V-12-45 

(L. W. Saylor, CPA). Santa Cruz, VI-2-19 (E. P. Van Duzee, 

CAS). Waddell Creek, IV-2330 (F. Bianchi, CAS); V-19-


51 (W. C. Day, CPA). SONOMA CO.: Jenner, V-8-58 (D. D. 

Linsdale, CIS). 4 mi. W of Plantation, V-1-58 (D. D. 

Linsdale, CPA). Santa Rosa, V-16-65 (J. D. Birchim, CPA). 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) quaylii Doane 

(Fig. 238) 

Tipula quaylii Doane, 1909, Psyche 16: 18-19. 

Tipula quaylii Packard and Thompson, 1921, U. S. Dept. 

Agr. Dept. Cir. 172: 1-8; life history. 

Syntypes 15 8,2 9 ; Yuba City, Sutter County, Calif. (CAS). 


California -~S.~ACRAMENTO CO.: Sacramento, II- 

24-61 (W. H. Lange, UCD). Sloughhouse, 11-21-21 (C. M. 

Packard, CPA). SUTTER CO.: Yuba City (H. J. Quayle, CAS); 

types. 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) silvestra Doane 

(Fig. 239) 

Tipula silveatra h e , 1909, Psyche 16:18. 

Syntypes 29; Pacific Grove, Monterey County, Calif. 

(CAS). 

Synonyrn.-Tipula Ungulata Doane, 1912, Ent Soc Amer. 

Ann. 5: 54. Syntypes 166,40 ; San Diego, San Diego County, 

Calif. (CAS). 


California records.-AI.AMEDA Co.: Arroyo Mocho, 20 mi. 

S of Livermore, V-10-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). KERN CO.: 

18 mi. S of Bakersfield, III-24/2647 (P. H. Arnaud, CPA). 

LOS ANGELES Co.: Los Angeles, II-23-15 (M. C. Van 

Duzee, CAS). MARIN CO.: Alpine Lake, V-25-58 (J. A. 

Powell, CIS). Point Reyes, IV-11,1248 (D. Burdick and 

D. D. Linsdale, CIS). MEN~~CMO CO.: Fort Bregg, IV- 

17-59 (M. Hall, CPA). MONTEREY CO.: Arroyo Seco, IV- 

14-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). Pacific Grove (E. J. Newcomer, 

CAS); types. Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, 

Big Canyon, IV-11-51; in cow pasture, on M d i a (Boraginaceae), 

IV-18-50, V-1340; Headquarters, at light, IV- 

9-51; V-1-43, IV-9.17-46, V-846. IV-18-V-549; Lower 

Basin, IV-14-51; Lower Finch Creek, at light, IV-4-39; IV- 

25-43, IV-17-51 (J. Linsdale, CIS, CPA, HR). RIVERSDIE 

CO.: Riverside, IV-1,235 (P. H. Timberlake, CPA). SACRA- 

MENTO CO.: Sloughhouse, 11-21-21 (C. M. Packard, CPA). 

SAN DIEGO CO.: Alpine, IV-8/10-15 (M. C. Van Duzee, 

CAS). Campo, 2190 feet, V-1845 (L. W. Saylor, CPA) . San 

Diego, IV-6-15 (M. C. Van bee, CPA); (CAS) types of 

Ungulata. SAN LUIS OBISFO CO.: Arroyo Seco Creek, IV-20- 

58 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). Pozo, IV-27-62 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) simplex Doane 

(Fig. 240) 

Tipula simpler Doane, 1901, N. Y. Ent SOC. Jour. 9:103. 

Syntypes 2 6 ; Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, Calif. (CAS). 


California records.-ALAMEDA CO.: Patterson Pass, III-14- 

59 (D. Burdick, CIS). CONTRA COSTA Co.: Clyde, 11-28-49 

(W. W. MiddlekaufF, CIS). SACRAMENM CO.: Franklin, II- 

18-21 (B. G. Thompson, CAS). SANTA CLARA CO.: Harkins 

(R. W. Doane, CAS). Palo Alto (R. W. Doane, CAS); types; 

111-1915 (R. W. h e , CAS). TULARE Co.: Exeter, 11-14-64 

(W. H. Lange, CPA). YOLO CO.: Davis, 111-6-17 (W. H. 

Lange, CPA, UCD). 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) subtilis Doane 

Tipula subtilis Doane, 1901, N. Y. Ent SOC. Jour. 9:106. 

Holotype 8; "California" (ex C. V. Riley Collection, 

WSU). 


California recozd.-"Califomia'l without further data; type. 

(May represent a mislabeled eastern North American species). 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) sylvicola Doane 

Tipula sylvicola Doane, 1912, Ent SOC. Amer. Ann. 5:53-54. 

Holotype 8 ; Keyport, Washington (CAS). 

Geographic range.-lifomia, Washington. 

Californ-a record.-"Southern California" without further 

data (R. W. Doane). The actual type is from Keyport, Washington; 

it is allied to aequafis but may be distinct The 

California specimen may pertain either to aequalis or 

williamsi, and the name is not included in the key. 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) VestigiPeMis Doane 

(Fig. 241) 

Tipula vestigipennis Doane, 1908, Psyche 15:4749. 

Syntypes 46, 39; San Francisco, San Francisco County, 

Calif. (CAS). 


California records.-M~~~~ Co.: Point Reyes, 111-30-56 

(J. M. Bums, CIS). SAN FRANC~S~O Co.: San Francisco, IV- 

19-08 (F. X. Williams, CAS); types. Lake Merced, 111-30- 

09 (F. X. Williams, CAS); Lone Mountain, IV-24-09 (F. X. 

Williams, CAS); V-12-15, III-29-26, V-11-28 (M. C. Van 

Duzee, CAS); Lobos Creek, IV-15-60 (P. H. Amaud, CAS); 

IV-19-60 (D. C. rent^, CAS). 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) williamsi Doane 

(Fig. 242) 

Tipula william& Doane, 1909, Psyche 16: 17-18. 

Syntypea 58, 69; San Francisco, San Francisco County, 

Cali. (CAS). 

Geographic range.-&- only from Caliiornia. 

California record.4m FRANCISCO CO.: San Francisco (F. 

X. Williams, CAS); types; (Dunes) IV-16/18-52 (C. E. 

Kaufeldt, CAS). 

Subgenus Vestiplex Bezzi 

Tipda (Vestiplex) B&, 1924, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 

Genova 51:230-231. 

Tipula (Vestiplex) Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 7:355, 

fig. 32. 

A characteristic Palaearctic group, with numerous 

species in eastern Asia, including the Himalayas. 

About 16 species are known from North America, 

including three in the western states, but none to this 

date from California. Tipula (Vestiplex) tacomicola 

Alexander, known from Washington, and T. (V.) 

leucophaea Doane from Oregon, may be considered 

to be regional.

Subgenus Yamatotipula Matsumura 

Yamatotipula Matsumura, 1916, Thousand Insects of Japan, 

Add. 2:461462, pl. 25, 6g. 2. 

Tipula (Yamatotipda) Alexander, 1965, Pacific Insects 7:356, 

fig. 33. 

A relatively large, chiefly Holarctic, group including 

about 50 species in North America with seven in 

California. The three species having black and yellow 

body coloration (spernax, lanei, jacintoensis) are very 

different in general appearance from the others. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF YAMATOTIPULA 

1 Mesonotum black (spernar and allies) ..... 2 

Mesonotum not black ........... 4 

2 

Size larger (wing over 12 mm); wings grayish yellow; 

central portion of mediotergite broadly gray 

pruinose; male hypopygium (fig. 247) with median 

tergal lobe spiculoae, semicircular in outline, subtended 

by conspicuous glabrous shoulders; dorsal 

crest of inner dististyle with numerous long erect 

Ostsn Sacken 

setae ......... sperm= 

Size smaller (wing about 10 mm or less); wings 

weakly infuscated; male hypopyghm with median 

tergal lobe low, the subtending shoulders very inconspicuous; 

dorsal crest of inner distktyle with 

sparsesetae (fig. 244) .......... 3 

3 Legs chiefly black, femoral bases obscure yellow; 

thorax subopaque, restrictedly patterned with yellow, 

involving only the anterior angles of the meditergite; 

abdomen polished black, posterior borders 

4 

5 

6 

of tergites three to five yellowed; hypopygium 

blackened ......... Ianei Alexander 

Legs yellow, the femoral tips narrowly blackened; 

thorax and abdomem polished black, conspicuously 

patterned with yellow, including the anterior twothirds 

of mediotergite and the lateral border8 of the 

abdominal twpites; hypopygium (fig. 244) ... 

jacintoensis Alexander 

Wings whitened, conspicuously striped longitudinally 

with brown, this including the prearcular and costal 

fields, cell R excepting its outer end, outer radial 

field and broad seams over veins Cu and lllcu 

(male hyppygium [Fig. 2431 with median tergal 

lobe broad, virtually entire) . . fdvilineata Doane 

Wings not heavily striped with brown, as described, 

cell R not darkened .......... 5 

Wings restrictedly patterned with brown, most evident 

at and near the wing tip (meridiana) .... 6 

Wings without darkmed pattern other than the stigma 7 

Wings with a continuous whitened stripe extending 

from the arculus to apex in cell R 5, separathg the 

darkenings in outer radial field from the seam along 

vein m; hypopygium (fig. 245) ...... 

meridiana rneridiana mane 

Wings without a distinct whitened stripe as described, 

cell Rs being obscure, almost as dark as the other 

outer cells; hypopygium (fig. 246) ..... 

7 Mesonotal praescutum with stripes gray, broadly 

margined with dark brown to produce four dark 

lines; antennae with flagellar segments strongly 


meridiana wntinentalis Alexander 

incised to appear binodose; male hypopygium with 

outer basal lobe of inner dististyle small and inconspicuous 

(Utah Report, p. 21, fig. 5) ... 

cognata Doane 

Mesonotal praescutum with stripes grayish brown, 

very narrowly margined with darker brown to produce 

six narrow dark lines; antennae with flagellar 

segments only moderately incised, male hypopygium 

(fig. 248) with outer basal lobe of inner 

dististyle large, almost equal in sue and appearance 

to the body of the style . . tenuilinea Alexander 

Map 48. Locality records in California for Tipula (Yamatotipula) 

cognata Doane (circlm). 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) comata Doane 

(Map 48) 

Tipula wgnata Doane, 1901, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 9:123-124. 

Holotype 0; Seattle, Washington (WSU). 

Synonyms.-Tipula alexandriana Dietz, 1917, Ent News 

28: 146447. 

Holotype 8; foothills of Mount Shasta, Siskiyou County, 

Calif. (ANSP). 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) edmndsi Alezander, 1948, her. Midland 

Nat 39: 20-22, fig. 5 (8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8 ; Logan Canyon, Utah (CPA). 

Geographic range.-British Colum% California, Oregon, 

Utah, Washingfxm. 

California -~S.-AUMEDA Co.: Berkeley, Tilden Park, 

V-5-53 (J. D. Lettin, CAS). -NO Co.: Coalinga, Boy 

Scout Camp, 111-1931 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). KERN 

CO.: Erskine Creek near Isabelle, Iv-29-61 (R E. Bdlamy, 

5011, CPA). Greenhorn Mountains, Cedar Creek tributery, 

IV-16-51 (R. E. Bellamy, 5006, CPA); V-14-61 (R. E.

," 


Bellamy, 5018, CPA). LAKE Co.: 6 mi. S of Middletown, 

IV-3-62 (R. L. Langston, CIS). MARIN Co.: Bear Valley, 

IV-18-20 (C. I. Fox, CAS). MONTEREX Co.: Santa Lucia 

Mountains, Hastings Reservation, Finch Creek, V-946 (J. 

Linsdale, CPA). NEVADA CO.: Grass Valley, 4000 feet, V- 

446 (H. P. Chandler, CAS). Nevada City, on grass, IV-24- 

50 (R. T. Martin, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: San Bernardino 

Mountains, Forest Home along Mill Creek, 5100 feet, 

V-9-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN DIEGO Co.: Cuyamaca 

State Park, Sweetwater River at bridge 57-56, IV-28-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Palomar Mountain, Doane Lake, 

4600 feet, IV-30-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN -CISCO 

CO.: San Francisco, IV-16-22 (C. L. Fox, CAS). SAN MATEO 

CO.: Half Moon Bay, IV-12-20 (E P. Van Duzee, CAS). 

Portola State Park, V-7-50 (P. H. Amaud, CAS). SANTA 

CRUZ Co.: Waddell Creek, III-8,19-30, IV-5-30 (F. Bianchi, 

CAS). SISKWOU CO.: Foothills of Mount Shasta, V-20/26-14 

(J. A. Kusche, Dietz Collection, ANSP); types of alexandriana. 

SONOMA CO.: Mill Creek W of Healdsburg, IV-15-50 (H. 

B. Leech, CAS); IV-1914, type material of alerandriana (J. 

A. Kusche, Dietz Collection, ANSP). TEHAMA Co.: Near 

Lassen Volcanic National Park, VI-15-59 (G. W. Byers, 

UK.) 

II $0, I" "I Y I!, I. I. ." *I, j* 

- -- 1. 

/,/ ... 

Park, VII-26-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). FRESNO Co.: 

Coalinga, Boy Scout Camp, 111-19-31 (E. P. Van DUE-, 

CAS). LAKE Co.: Cache Creek, IV-1-60 (F. D. Parker, 

UCD). LOS ANGELES Co.: San Gabriel River Bird Sanctuary, 

VI-1745 (L. M. Martin, CPA). MONTEREY Co.: Santa Lucia 

Mountains, Hastings Reservation, V-6-43 (J. Linsdale, CPA). 

PLACER Co.: Auburn, V-13-61 (Vesterby, UCD). SAN DIEGO 

CO.: Borrego, Tub Canyon, 2000-2500 feet, 11-23-47 (N. 

Crickmer and J. L. Sperrp; CPA). SAN LUIS OBISPO Co.: 

Big Mom Creek, VIII-27-62 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). SANTA 

CLARA Co.: Alum Rock Park, 6 mi. E of San Jose, V-539 

(T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). Gilroy Hot Springs, 111-7-64 (T. L. 

Erwin, SJS). Palo Alto, III-30-10 (R. W. Doane, CAS); 

no exact data (R. W. Doane, WSU); type. SHASTA CO.: 

Castle Crags State Park, V-2064 (D. G. Denning, CPA). 

SONOMA CO.: Sobre Vista, IX-7-10 (J. A. Kusche, CAS). 

TULARE CO.: Johnsondale, IV-27-64 (W. J. Turner, CIS). 

Near Kern Rivw, IV-8-62 (R. E. Wamy, 5121, CPA). 

VENTURA Co.: Lockwood Creek, northeastern part of county, 

V-5-59 (C. I. Stage, CIS). 

, " ~ I ," ,I ,), 

,---. l,. 

Map 49. Locality records in California for Tipula (Y-totipula) 

f ulvilineata bane (circles). 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) fulvilineata Doane 

(Fig. 243; Map 49) 

Tipula fulvilineata Doane, 1912, Ent Soc. Amer. Ann. 5:61. 

Synonym.-Tipula graphica Doane, 1901, N. Y. Ent Soc. 

Jour. 9: 124-125 (Preocc.). 

Holotype 0 : Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, Calif. (WSU). 

Geographic range.-liiomia, Oregon. 

California records.-Du Nom CO.: Jedediah Smith State 

- 

-_ .,. ---c~REEs&J] 

L"


Gertrude, Croolr‘s Ranch, VIII-1S-1897 (A. P. Mme, CPA). 

-SA Co.: Miami Ranger Stetion, so00 feeC, M-1-46 

(H. p. Chandler, CAS). MONO @.: Bridgepwt. VI-23-29 

(E. P. Van hee, CAS). NEVADA Co.: Sagehen Creek, near 

Hobart Mills, VI-25-54 (J. A. Powell, CIS). PLACER Co.: 

Deer Park, 6500 feet, VI-25-08 (R W. Doan$ CAS). RIVER- 

SIDP: @.: San Jacinto Mountains, Tahquitz Valley, 8000 feet, 

V13-40 (C. D. Michener, CPA); type. Same locality and 

date (R. L. Usinger, CIS); metatopom. sACIU?alWlC) CO.: 

Sacrammto, VI4-15 (M. C. Van CAS). Sm 

BBRNARDINO CO.: San Bernardino Mountains, Mountain 

Home, VI-8-24 (F. R. Cole, CIS). S-A CO.: Lessen 

Volcanic National Park, Kings Creek Meadow, VII-2-47 

(CIS). TUOLUMNE Co.: 7 mi. NE of Dardanelles, VI-7-60 

(W. A. SMan, CIS). Strawberry, VI-20-51 (C A. Downing, 

CIS). 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) lanei Alexander 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) lad Alexander, 1940, Br~~klyn Eht 

Soc. Bul. 35:84-85. 

Holotype 8 ; Mount Hood, Oregon (CPA). 

Geo&raphic range.-Caliiomia, Oregon, Washington. 

cdifOm-8 -~CL~HASTA Co.: Lassen Volcanic National 

Park, Hat Lake. W14/9-58 (C. P. Altnandeh, CPA). 

TWOLUMN~ Co.: Strawberry, VII-19-60 (M. E. Irwin, CIS); 

VIII-20-60 (D. Q. Cawg~ar~, CIS). 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) meridiana meridiana Dome 

(Fig. 245) 

Tipda meridian8 Doane, 1912, Ent Soe. Amer. Ann. 5:58. 

Holotype 8 ; “Arizona” (CAS). 

Geographic r8nge.-Arirona, California, Utah. 

cdifOrN8 -~.-MoN- Co.: LU& MOunbhS, 

Hastings Reservation, V-6-43 (J. Lmsdafe, CIS). 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) meridiana continentalis 

Alexander 

(Fig. 246) 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) continentelis Alexander, 1941, Canad. 

Ent 73:85-86. 

Holotype 8; Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado 

(-A). 

Geogr8pfic range.-BritiSh Columbia; Cdifornb, Colorado, 

Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. 

California -da-MONO Co.: Mammoth Latee District, 

Coldwater Creek, 9OOO feet, W-27-57 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). PLACER CO.: TmcLee, Deep Creek, 5950 feet, VII-1- 

47 (C. P. Al-dw, CPA). SAN Brn&t~Wo Co.: San Bernardino 

Mountains, Barton Flats, W fork of Schneider Creek, 

on wet cliffs, VI-17-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); above 

Barton Flats, 74400 feet, IX-2146 (N. Crickme, CPA); Lake 

Arrowhead, 5150 feet, V-22-63 (C. P. Al-dm, CPA); 

Mountain Home. VI-16-21 (F. R. Cole, CIS): S fork 

of Santa Ana River, VI-19-45 (A. L. MeJan&, CPA). SAN 

Drsco Co.: Palomar Mountain, Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VII- 

11,1246 (C. P. Alexander and J. A. Comstock, CPA). SANTA 

CLARA Co.: Palo Alto, 111-1915 (R W. Doane, CAS). S-A 

CO.: Lassen Volcanic National Park, Upper Kine Creek 

Meadows, 7400 feet, VII-6.747, W-21-50 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA) . 

Map 51. Locolity records m Califwnia for Tipula (Yamatotipala) 

rpemax Osten Sackem (circles). 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) spexnax Wen Sacken 

(Fig. 247; Map 51) 

Tipfd8 rpernax Osten Sacken, 1877, U. S. Geol. and Geog. 

Survey of the Ter, Bul. 3:210. 

Holotype 9; Weber Lake (as Web& Lake), Nevada 

County, Calif. (MCZ). 

Geograptrc ra&r.-Bntish Columbia; California, Oregon, 

Utah, Washington, Wyoming. 

California mcodr.-HuMmmT Co.: Eureka, V-2243 (H. 

S. Barber, USNM). lllzADKRA Co.: Devils Postpile National 

Mon~ment, Red’s M~~ows, 7600 f e VII-7-57 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). lldARIwW Co.: Yosemite National Park, 

Peu-egoy Meadows, 6800 feet, VII-8-50 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). M k ” O Ca.: Mmdocino, VII-1-8 (J. Hdfer, 

CPA). MONTEREY Co.: Asilomar, 11-15-42 (J. W. Tilden, 

SJS). Pacific Grove, III-22-06 (R. W. Doane, CAS); II- 

20-10 (W. H. Mann. CAS); June (W. H. Mann. CAS). 

NKVADA Co.: Donner Pass, 7200 feet, VI-1147 (K. M. 

Fander, CPA). Sagehen ClaeL near Hobart Mills, VI-23-62 

(F. D. Parker, UCD). Truclree, VI-2243 (P. H. Amaud, 

CPA). Webber Lake, VII-26-1876 (aten saclren, MU); 

type. PU- CO.: Lalre Tphoe. Martis Creek, 6800 feet, 

VI-26-57 (C P. Al-der, CPA). SAN MA= CO.: Pacad-, 

V-9-54 (M. WaShw, CIS). SHASTA Co.: Lass- 

Volcanic National Park, Hat Lake, 6450 feet, VI-23-50 

(C. P. Alemder, P. H. Amaud, and L. W. Quate, -A); 

VIII--4/9-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Refleaion Lake, 5880 

feet, W-23-50 (C P. Alexander and P. H. Amaud, CPA). 

SIERRA Co.: Weber (Webber) Lake, VI-1876 (Osten Sacken, 

Ma); type. slslmrou Co.: Mount Shasta City, VIII-3-58 

(J. A. Powell, CIS). Weed, VII-24-22 (F. C. Clark, CAS).


TEHAMA Co.: Near Lassen Volcanic National Park, VI-16-59 

(G. W. Byers, UK). T U Co.: Sequoia National Per%, 

Giant Forest, Log Meadow, 6400 feet, VI-22-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). V n m CO.: Lodovood Creek, Northeastem 

part of county, V U 9 (J. R Powezr, CIS). 

, u. 

"z !a, Y .I I. ,I, ,I m I,. 

-- 

1 

BERNARDINO Co.: San Bernardino Mountains, Forest Home 

along Mil Creek, 5100 feet, V-9-63 (C. P. Alezander, CPA); 

Mill Creek Camp, Thunnan Flab picnic area, 3400 feet, V- 

6-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Seven Oaks along Santa Ana 

Rim, SO00 feet, VI-30-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN 

LUIS OBIspo Co.: Serraw Canyon, III-22-58 (C. D. Hynes, 

CPA). SMA CLARA Co.: Alum Rock Park, 6 mi. E of San 

Jose, V-S-39 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). Stephens Creek, V-l- 

27 (E. H. Nast, CAS). SHASTA Co.: Castle Crags State Park, 

2000 feet, VII-5-53 (C. P. Al-der, CPA); type; VI-2044 

(D. G. Denning, CPA). TICHAMA Co.: Near Lassen Volcanic 

National Park, VI-lL59 (G. W. Byer~, UK). TUOLUMNE 

Co.: Pinemeet, VII-9-47 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). 

1 

w m w ,., Y .I u I,, I" 

wr....- 

,. Y 

Map 52. Locality records in California for Tipula (Yamatotiputa) 

tenuiJinea Alexander (circles). 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) tenuilinea Alexander 

(Fig. 248; Map 52) 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) tenuilinea Alexander, 1959, Eat News 

70:69-71. 


(CPA). 

Geographic rmge.--California, Oregon, Utah, Washington. 

CaJifornia records;--CONTRA COSTA Co.: Morap, VII-1% 

65 (D. G. Denning, CPA). INYO Co.: Big Pine Creek, Glacier 

Lodge, 8000 feet, VI-27-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Independence, 

N fork of Oak creek above fish hatchery, SO00 feet, 

V-17-63, VI-25-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Oak Creek, 

4500 feet, V-16-64 (J. D. Birchim, CPA). KERN CO.: 

Kern Canyon at 9 mi. HxO Point, V-7-61 (R. E. Bellamy, 

5013, CPA); at 10 mi. HIO Point, V-9-61 (R E. Bellamy, 

5016, CPA). Tehachapi, VI-24-61 (S. Weatherford, CPA). 

MARIN CO.: Mill Valley, III-21-26 (M. C. Van Duzee, 

CAS). Samuel P. Taylor State Park, V-849 (P. H. Amaud, 

CAS). MENDOCXNO CO.: Pottem Valley, V-1-29 (E. H. Nast, 

CAS). MONO CO.: Coleville, Slink Canyon, V-28-39 (M. A. 

Cazier, CPA). McGee Creek, 7100 feet, VI-27-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). MONT~REY Co.: PfeSer Big Sur State 

Park, VI-20-49 (P. H. Amaud, CAS). Santa Luck Mountains, 

Hastings Reservation, Finch Creek, IV-29-43, V-9-46, 

VI-8-48 (J. Linsdale, CIS). NEVADA Co.: Sagehea Creek, 

near Hobart Mills, VII-5-62 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). SAN 

%BFAMILY 

CYLINDROTOMINAE 

The smallest of the three subfamilies of Tipulidae, 

with nine Nearctic species distributed in four genera. 

Two or more species are regional IO California, including 

Cylindrotoma juncta Cbquillett and C occidentalis 

Alexander, both being known from Oregon 

The larvae are plant feeders, in the case of Cylindrofoma 

occurring on the leaves of terrestrial An+ 

sperm4 including both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous 

genera. The other genera feed on wet 

mosses and allied plants. (Alexander, 1920:959- 

974.) 

SUBFAMILY LINIONIINAE 

Alexander, C. P., in Stone, Sabnxky, Wirth, Foote, and 

Codson, 1965, A Catalog of Diptera of America North of 

Mexiw, pp. 42-90. 

The vast subfamily Limoniinae includes virtually 

all of the small and medium-sized crane flies. An 

indication of the habitats of the immature stages is 

included in the introduction and in the reference 

above cited. A more detailed account is in Alexander, 

1920. Representatives of four of the five tribes presently 

recognized are found in California. 

1 

KEY TO TH& TRIBES OF THE LIMONIINAE 

Eyes hairy, with erect setae be~Weea the ommatidia; 

wing vein Scr very long, Sca lying basad of the 

origin of RS (fie. 17, 267-286) 

Eyes glabrous; vein Sc z short or of moderate length, 

where longer Scr lies distad of origin of Rs; 

where Sc z is basad of Origin of Ra (some Limoniiini, 

. . . PEDICIINI 

Eriopterini) the entire vein Sc is shortened . . 2 

2 FW tip of SCZ often present; veins R4 and Rs fused 

for their whole lengths, only two branches of Ra 

being preent (figs. 16, 52-69); antennae usually 

with 14 segments (Limomk) or with 16 segments 

(other subtribes) 

Free tip of SCZ atrophied; veins R4 and Rs separate. 

the former usually captured by R e+s to form a distinct 

element RZ+S+4; Rs commonly with three 

branch-ceptions in Atarba, EJephantomyia, 

and Gommyia (NeoJipophfeps)(%. 18-21, 314- 

340, 377-396, 435-456); antennae usually with 16 

segments with exceptions in Epiphagma, Cfadura, 

Chionea, and some others, where some basal seg- 

. . . . . . . . LIMONIINI

ments of the flagellum may be united to form a 

fusion segment; also in Hexatama where them 

arenot more than 12 segments ....... 3 

3 Tibial spurs present; venation (figs. 18, 19, 314- 

340) ........... HEXATOMINI 

Tibial spurs lacking; venation (figs. 20, 21,. 377- 

396, 435-456 ........ 

For an understanding of the venation as discussed 

above, the account given in the Introduction should 

be noted and references there listed may be consulted 

TRIBE LIMOMINI 

Alexander, C. P., in Stone, Sabmky, Wid, Foote, and Coulson, 

1965, Catalog of Diptera of America North of Mexico, 

pp. 42-53. 

An important tribe of the Limoniinae, with numerous 

species, chiefly because of the genus Limonia 

Meigen with nearly 2000 species found Virtually 

thmughout the world Other genera are smaller with 

fewer than 100 species presently described, including 

in the local fauna certain genera with aquatic or semiaquatic 

immature stages, as Anfocha, Elliptera, and 

Thaumasfopfera; others living in soil beneath leaf 

mold, as Dicranoptycha; and still others in decaying 

wood, as Orimarda The immature wes in typical 

fimnia frequent a range of habitats that is virtually 

equivalent to those of the entire family. 

KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE LIM0"I 

.... LIMONIA Meip 

Antennae 16-segmented .......... 2 

1 Antennae 14-segmentaQ venation (figs. 52-62) 

(separate key, p. 76) 

2 

Wings with Rs long, lying close to and nearly parallel 

with RI; vein RZ lacking (fig. 63) (separate 

key, p. 74) ... ELLIPTERA Shiner in part 

astigmatica Alexander, dausa Osten Sacken 

Wings with Rs diverging fmm R; vein Rz ptesent . 3 

3 Win- (fig. 66) with m-cu about three times its 

length Wore fork of M; cell Ma open by atrophy 

of basal section of MI; male hypopygium with a 

single dististyle (fig. 260); (gw~eral coloration 

of body and wings paleyedlow) ...... 

THAUMASTOPTERA Mi 

Alexander 

4 

5 

Wings (figa 64,65,67-69) with m a at or beyond 

fork of M; when Wore the fork the distance not 

more than the length of m-cu (in local species); 

in cases d l MZ open by atrophy of m; male 

hypopygium with two dististyles (figs. 258, 259, 

262-265) .............. 4 

Vein R+ lying far distad, far beyond level of r-m 

or outer end of cell Zst M g ; a conspicuous longi- 

tudinal fold in cell Cu (figs. 67, 68) (separate 

key, p. 72) 


. . DICRANOPTYCHA &tea Sacken 

Vein RZ more basal in position, opposite or not far 

beyond the level of r-m; no longitudinal fold in 

cell Cu (figs. 64, 65, 69) ........ 5 

Cell M r open by atrophy of m; Vein Sc short, Sci 

6 

ending about opposite midlength of Rs; free tip of 

vein Scz preserved (fig. 69) ....... 

ORIMARGA Osten Sacken 

(Extralimital: Ariron-.w~*s Coquillett) 

Cell 1st MZ closed, vein Sc longer, ending about 

opposite the fork of Ra; free tip of Sc; lacking 

(h. 64, 65) ............ 

Wings with anal angle prominent, almost rectangular; 

vein SC lying very closg to R, Scr not evident; 

m a at or before fork of M; veins Rs and r-m in 

nearly transverse alignment, the farmer subequal 

to Rz+r (fig. - 65); body and wings pale yallow, 

veins pale, inconspicuous . ANTOCHA Oatan Sac en 

monticola Alexander 

Wings with anal angle inconspicuous; veins Sc and R 

separated, Sci present; m-cu at or beyond fork of 

M; RZ beyond level of r-m, 1- than one-half 

RI+Z (5g. 64); body and wing veins dark, con- 

spicuous (separate key, p. 74) ...... 

EUIPTERA Schiner in part 

uaingeri Alexander 

Two further genera reach the western region and 

one, Orimarda, has been included in the key. Orirnarga 

Osten Sacken, 1869, is represented by numerous spcies 

in tropical America, with four members of the 

typical subgenus occurring in the southern United 

Stat- including two in Arizona (venation, fig. 69). 

Helius Lepeletier and SeMlle, 1828, has many species 

in tropical America, but the two Nearctic species 

are eastern in distribution. The possibility exists that 

representatives may be found in the southwestern 

stat e s . 

The genera in this tribe are arranged alphabetically. 

Genus Anfocha Osten Sacken 

Antocha Osten SerLaq Acad. Nat Sci. Phila. Pmc. 1859:219. 

Ant& is widespread throughout the Holarctic 

and Ethiopian regions, beiig represented by three 

subgenera. There is a single subgenus with seven 

species in the Nearctic fauna but apparently only one 

of these occurs in all western North America. This 

contrasts strikingly with the great number and variety 

found in eastern Asia and the Himalayas where pmbably 

hundreds of species occur. The immature stages 

as known are strictly aquatic (Alexander, 1920:799- 

806, pl. 22). 

TaphphiZa Rondani, 1856, Dipterdogiae Italicae prodr. 

1:185. 

The name Taphrophila has been considered to be 

the same as Anfocha, but because of species type 

designation it should be placed in the synonymy of 

firnonia Meigen The name Ant& has been in continuous 

use for more than a century and should be 

conserved. 

6


- 

-. 

Map 53. Locality recod in California for Antocha (Antocha) 

montiwla Alexander (circles). 

Antocha (Antocha) monticola Alexander 

(Figs. 65, 258; Map 53) 

Antocha monticola Alexander, 1917, Caned. Ent 49:22-23. 

Holotype 8 ; Platte Canyon, Colorado (CPA). 

Geographic range.-British Columbia, Yukon; California, 

Colorado, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming, southward into 

Mexico. 

California records.-FRESNO Co.: Kings Canyon National 

Park, Zumwalt Meadows, S fork of Kings River, 4700 feet, 

VI-21-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). h~0 Co.: Bishop, V-18- 

64 (J. D. Bmhim, CPA). KERN CO.: Greenhorn Mountains, 

Cedar Creek campground, 4460 feet, V-18-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). LAKg Co.: 6 mi. S of Middletown, V-12- 

26 (M. C. Van Duzee, CAS). Mmxpcxu Co.: YoSemite 

National Park, Tamarack Creek, 6315 feet, VII-2347 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). MONO Co.: Leavitt Meadow, 7200 feet, 

VIII-12-63 (H. B. Leech, CAS). -0th Lafces District, 

Coldwater Creek, 9OOO feet, VII-27-57 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). West Walker River, near Chris Flat Forest Cpmp, 

6500 feet, VII-18-50 (C. P. Almdw, CPA). MONTSRSY 

CO.: Pfeifter Big Sur State Park, VII-11-58 (C P. Alexander, 

CPA). Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, V-7/1&- 

49 (J. Lmsdale, CIS, HR). Los Padres National Forest, 

Salmon Creek, V-2-64 (C. P. Alexander and C D. Hynes, 

CPA). NEVADA Co.: Tmctree, VIII-48 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA); VII-16-16 (H. G. Dyar, USNM); -4-53 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). PLUMAS Co.: Greenville, VIE1149 (L. 

A. Stange, UCD). SAN LUIS O~lspo Co.: Sen-ano Canyon, 

IV-25-58 (C D. Hynes, CPA). SANTA CLARA Co.: Alum 

Rock Park, 6 mi. E of San Jose, V-5-39 (T. H. G. Aitkeu, 

CPA). SHAsTA CO.: Bumey Falls, in spider web, VII-25-59 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Castle Crags State Park, along 

Sacramento River, 2000 feet, in leaves of Umbrella Plant, 

PeItipiiyIIm peItatum Engler, MI-2&50 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Lassen Volcanic National Park, Hat Creek, VII- 

18/25-53 (W. C. Day, CAS). Srs~nou CO.: Grass Lake, 

VI-22-64 (D. G. Denning, CPA). Mount Shasta City, light 

trap, VI-22-58, VII-11-58 (J. A. Powell, CIS). SONOMA CO.: 

Mount St Helena, V-12-26 (IK. C. Van kea, CAS). 

TUOLUMNE Co.: Strawberry, VnI-2-60 (D. Q. Cavagnaro, 

CIS); VIII-29-60 (M. E. Erwin, UCD); VIII-15-62 (U. K. 

Gogia, CIS). Yosemi- National Park, Tuol-e Meadows 

along upper Tuol~mne River, 8555 feet, VII-1540, VI1-26- 

57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Genus Dicranoptycha &ten Sacken 

Diaanoptycha Osten Sacken, Acad. Nat Sci. Phila Proc. 

1859:217. 

A relatively small genus with one species fossil in 

Baltic Amber and about 70 recent species found in 

all biotic regions except the Australasian, with a 

marked preponderance in Madagascar. The immature 

stages as known occur in dry open woods, living in 

rich humous soil beneath a cover of leaf mold. 

1 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DICRANOPTYCHA 

Small species; wing of male about 8 mm or lews; 

abdomen of male yellowed with a blackened sub- 

Larger species; wing about 9 mm or more; pattern of 

abdomen various ............ 3 

2 Thorax light gray, praescutum with four poorly 

indicated darker stripes; male hypopygium (fig. 

261) with outer dististyle entirely smooth, without 

spinules; phallosome extended into paired flattened 

plates that are larger than the gonapophyses, the 

latter with tips broadly obtuse ... 

laevis Alexander 

Thorax brownish gray; male hypopygium (fig. 262) 

with outer margin of outer dististyle with appressed 

spinules on distal half; phallosome with a small 

slender lobe, its tip obtuse, subequal to or narrowerthanthegonapophyses. 

... 1idaIeiAlexander 

3 Male hypopygium (fig. 265) with distiswles slender, 

aopgially the outer style; phallosome outwnrdly on 

either side extended into a flattened pale membrane 

with mkmscopically spinulose margins; gonapophysisveryslender, 

tipnarrowlyobtuse .... 

spinosissima Alexander 

Male hypopygium not as above; tips of gonapophyses 

acute ............... 4 

4 Male hypopygium (fig. 266) with aedeegus and 

gxmapophyses slender, the latter without a subapical 

flange ...... strrnophallrnr Alexander 

Male hypopygium with the aedeagus amall (figs. 263, 

264); gonapophyses broader, with a subapical pale 

5 

terminalring ............. 2 

flange ............... 5 

Abdomen, including hypopygium, brownish black to 

black; male hypopygium (6g. 263) with intermediate 

tergal lobes more conspicuous and ap 

proximabed, darkened ... mdampygie Alexander 

Abdomen medium brown with a darker subterminal 

ring that involves se&menta seven and eight, hypopygium 

more brownish yellow; male hypopygium

(fig. 264) with tergal lobes low, pale, sepemtd 

by a distance greater than their awn diameter . - 

occidentalis Alexander 


, u m y: 3 .-&A- %I, -- 

-7. 

s ___ 1 

Map 54. Locality records in California for Dicran0pfYd;la Iaevis 

Alexander (triangles) and D. melampygia Alexander (circles). 

Dicranoptycha laevis Alexander 

(Fig. 261; Map 54) 

Dicranoptycha laevis Alexander, 1947, Brooklyn Ent Soc. 

Bd. 42: 131-132. 

Holotype $; Palomar Mountain, San Diego County, Calif. 

(CPA). 


California rec0rd.A~~ D m CO.: Palomar Mountain, 

Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VII-12-46 (C. P. Alexander and 

J. A. Camstock, CPA); types. 

Dicranoptycha linsdalei Alexander 

(Figs. 67, 262) 

Dicranoptyda linsdalei Alexander, 1966, her. Ent Soc. 

Trans. 92:llO-112. 

Holotype 9, allotype 8; Hastings Reservation, Monterey 

County, Calif. (CIS). 


Cdifom*a rec0rdi?.-MONTISREY CO.: Santa Luciia Mountains, 

"astinp Reservation, in creek bed, VII-1748 (J. Linsdale, 

CIS); types; Finch Creek, VI-2-50 (J. Linsdale, CIS); Upper 

Big Creek, VII-17/20-48, VI-5-60 (J. Linsdale, CAS, CPA); 

paratypes. SANTA BARBARA Co.: Figunm Mountain, 3200 

feet, VU-7-65 (C. W. Kirkwood, CPA). 

Map 55. Locality records in California for Dicranoptycha 

--dentalis 

Alexander (circles) and D. stenophallus Alexander 

(triangles). 

Dicranoptycha occidentdis Alexander 

(Figs. 68, 264; Map 55) 

Dicranoptycha Occidentalis Alexander, 1927, U. S. Natl. Mus. 

Proc. 72 (2):lO-11. 

Holotype 8; Alpine, San Diego County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geo,graphic range.-Califomia, Oregon, Washington. 

Califomfa -&S.-ALAMEDA Co.: Berkeley, V-4/14-15 

(M. C. Van Wee), V-15-45 (L. W. Saylor, CPA).


HUMBOLDT Co.: Prairie Creek State Park, VII-30-46 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Stephens Redwood State Park, VII-22-58 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Los ANGELES Co.: Los Angdes, 

Griffith Park, V-19-45 (L. Whitelock, CPA). MARIN CO.: Muir 

Woods, V-19-15 (M. C. Van Duzee, CPA). Samuel P. Taylor 

State Park, VII-16-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONTEREY 

CO.: Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park, VII-11-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, VI-20- 

40, VI-1-43 (J. Linsdale, CPA). Redwood Gulch, V-11-58 

(C. D. Hynes, HC). SAN DIEW CO.: Alpine, IV-10-15 (M. 

C. Van Duzee, CPA). SANTA CLARA CO.: Palo Alto, IV-29-38 

(G. Ferris, CAS); VI-3-15 (M. C. Van bee, CPA). SANTA 

CRUZ CO.: Ben Lomand, 1500 feet, VI-2-45 (L. W. Saylor, 

CPA). SONOMA CO.: Armstrong Redwoods State Park, VIE 

18-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Mouth of Russian River, VII- 

17-58 (C. P. Almdw, CPA). 

Dicranoptycha spinosissima Alexander 

(Fig. 265) 

Dicranoptyclle spinosisaima Alemnder, 1950, Pan-Pacific Ent 

26:83-84. 

Holotype 8 ; Hatchet Pass, Shasta County, Mi. (CPA). 

Geographic range.&liomia, Oregon. 

California record.--sHASTA Co.: Hatchet Pass, near Burney, 

4000 feet, W-9-47 (C. P. Almd-, CPA); type. 

Dicranoptycha stenophallus Alexander 

(Fig. 266; Map 55) 

Dicranoptycha stenophallus Alexander, 1950, PawPacific Ent 

26:82-83. 

Holotype 8; Madrona Camp, Del Norte County, Calif. 

(CPA). 

Geographic range.--CaSiornia, Oregon, Washington. 

California records.-Dm NOW CO.: 22 mi. NE of Crescent 

City, VI-22-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). SHASTA Co.: Castle 

Crags State Park, 2050 feet, VIII-13-48 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Shasta Lake, VI-19-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). S-ou 

CO.: Six Rivers National Forest (formerly Siskiyou National 

Forest), Madrona Camp, VIII-1-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); 

type. 

Genus Elliptera Schiner 

Elliptera Schiner, 1863, Wien. Ent. Mona-. 7:222. 

A small genus with about ten known species, of 

which six are Nearctic including three in California. 

The genus is virtually Holarctic in distribution, with 

representatives in Europe and again in far eastern 

Asia, but none presently is known from the intervening 

Himalayan region. The immature stages are lithophilous, 

living on the wet faces of cliffs where water 

percolates and drips through algal mats and sludge 

(See J. S. Rogers, 1930, Mich. Univ. Mus. Zool. Occas. 

Papers 2 15 : 2 5-2t concerning Elliptera illini Alexander). 

The immature stages of Elliptera clausa and 

E. usingeri occur in similar habitats in Kings Canyon, 

California, along Highway 180 between 4500 and 

5000 feet. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ELLIPTERA 

1 Wings with vein R o present; cell 1st M closed or 

open; a darkened cloud over r-m and adjoining 

veins (figs. 64, 259) 

2 

. , . . usingeri Alexander 

Wings with vein Rz lacking; cell 1st MZ 

closed; no 

darkened cloud over r-rn (fig. 63) . . . . . 2 

Wings with the stigmal darkening distinct, oval, the 

anterior branch of Rs beneath it slightly concave 

or sinuous . . . . . . . . clausa Osten Sacken 

Wings with the stigma lacking; anterior branch of 

Rs straight . . . . . . astigmtica Alexander 

Map 56. Locality records in California for Elliptera a&rnatica 


Elliptera astigmatica Alexander 

(Map 56) 

Elliptera astigmatica Alexander, 1912, Psyche 19: 164-165, fig. 

2 (Ven.). 

Holotype 8; Roger’s Pass, British Columbia (CU). 

Geographic range.-Bntish Columbia; Alaska, California, 

Colorado, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. 

California IYICOCCIS-ALA~%EDA Co.: -9, V-23-15 (M. 

C. Van Du~ee, CAS). EL Do- Co.: Upper Echo Lake, 

Freeborn Cabin, 7500 feet, VI3-47 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

-0 Co.: Pinnacle Peak Trail, 11.032 feet, W-17-63 

(J. D. Hallahan, CPA). LAKE CO.: Clear Lake, Konocti Bay, 

V-10-26 (E. P. Van Duaee, CAS). M ~ S CO.: A Yoaemite 

National Park, Bridalveil Creek, 7050 feet, VII-23-46 (C. P. 

Al-der, CPA). NEVADA Co.: Donner Creek, VI-11-47 (K. 

M. Fender, CPA). PLACER Co.: Leke Tahoe, Martis Creek, 

6800 feet, VI-26-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Tahoe National 

Forest, near Cisco, VII-5-53


42 (0. Degener, CPA); Little Baldy Trail, 7500 feet, on wet 

rock outcrops, VII-2-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). "UOLUMNE 

Co.: Middle Fork of Stanislaus River, baow Sonora Pass. 

8750 feet, VII-27-57 (C. P. Al-der, CPA). Strawberry, 

VIII-1/4-60 (D. Q. Cavagnaro, CIS). Yosemite National 

Park, Tuolurnne Meadows along upper Tuolumne River, 8555 

feet, VII-15/17-50, VII-26-57 (C. P. Al-der, CPA). 

~ 

1 

_ # " Y ,I ,,, w, Y 

Y...*b 

.I I?. 

Map 57. Locality records in Caliiomia for Elliptera clause 

aten sacken (drcles). 

Elliptera clausa &ten Sacken 

(Fig. 63, Map 57) 

Elliptera dausa 0s- Sacken, 1877, U.S. Geol. and Gmg. 


Syntypes 8 0 ; Yosemite National Park, Vernal Falls, Maripose 

County, Calif. (MCZ). 


California records.-A~A~~~A Co.: Berkeley, V-23-15 (M. 

C. Van Duzee, CPA). Sunol, IV-26-39 (T. H. G. Aitkm, 

CPA). CONTRA COSTA CO.: Ne81 Berlrelq, V-20/23-15 (M. 

C. Van Dusee. CPA). Wildcat Canyon, IV-30-39 (C. D. 

Michener, CPA). EL Dorum, CO.: Lake Tahoe, Eagle Creek, 

VII-147 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Lake Tahoe, VI-13-59 

(G. W. By-, UK). FRES" CO.: Highway been Big Creek 

and Huntington Lake, 5400 feet, VI-943 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Highway 180 to Fresno, along snail stream, 49004800 

feet, VI-7-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Kings Canyon National 

Park, wet cliffs, 4600 feet, V-31-VI-17-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Pinnacle Peak trail, 11,032 feet, VII-17-63 (J. D. 

Hallahan, CPA). Tollhouse, along Dry creeh, 1950 feet, VI- 

10-63 (C. P. AI-der, CPA). KERN CO.: Greenhorn MOWtainq 

Ceder Creek campground, 4460 feet, V-18-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA); ceder CreeL Tributary 3," V-15-61 (R. 

E. Bellamy, 5020, CPA). Co.: Clem Lake, Konocti Bay, 

7-1 

V-10-26 (M. C. Van Duzee, CPA). MARIPOSA Co.: Yosemite 

National Park, Tenaya Lake Road, 7000 feet, VI-6-64 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA); foot of Vernal Falls, 5000 feet, VI-11- 

1876 (&ten Sacken, MCZ); types; VII-1-57 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA); along trail to Vemal Falls, VI-12-63 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA); Wawona, 5000 feet, VI-6-39 (Anthony 

Downes, CPA). MONTRREY CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, 

Hastings Reservation, Finch Creek, IV-2GV-2143, VI- 

10/16-48, V-!3-V1-3-50, IV-12/27, V-28-51 (J. Linsdale, 

CPA); Cachagua Creek, VI-12-48 (J. Linsdale, CIS). RIVER- 

SIDE CO.: San Jacinto Mountains, Dark Canyon, 6000 feet, 

VII-2-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Fuller Mill Creek, 6000 

feet, VI-2943 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Hurkey Creek, 5000 

feet, VI-10-40 (C. D. Michener, CPA) . SAN BERNARDINO CO.: 

San Bennardino Mountains, Barton Flats, W fork of Schneider 

Creek, VIE1746 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN DIEGO Co.: 

Alpine, IV-9-15 (M. C. Van bee, CPA). Palomar Mountain, 

Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VII-3/7-45 (J. A. Cornstock, CPA) ; 

VII-11,1246 (C. P. Alexander and J. A. Cornstock, CPA). 

SANTA CLARA CO.: Stanford University, V-1909 (R. w. 

Doane~, CAS). SANTA -2 CO.: Ben Lomond, 1500 feet, VI- 

2-45 (L. W. Sayl~, CPA). Santa Cn~r, V-17-19 (E. P. Van 

Duzee, CAS). TuLARg CO.: Kings Canyon National Park, 

near General Grant Big Tree, 7000 feet, VI-6-50 (C. P. 

Al-der, CPA); near General Sherman Big Tree, on mossy 

rocks, VI-19-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Sequoia National 

Forest, Highway 198 between Grants Grove and Sequoia 

Natid Park, on wet cliffs, 6.400 feet, VI4/19-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Sequoia National Park, VI-6/8-42 (0. 

Degea~, CPA). TUOLUM~VE CO.: Pine~reat, VII-9-47, VII- 

19-48 (P. H. bud, CPA). 

Elliptera usingeri Alexander 

(Figs. 64, 259) 

Elliptera udngeri Alexander, 1966, her. Ent Soc. Trans. 

92:107-109, fig. 2 en.). 

Holotype 8; Kings Canyon National Park, Fresno County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California record.-mO CO.: Kings Canyon National 

Park, Highway 180, on wet cliffs, 4600-4800 feet, V-31-VI- 

5-63 (M. M. and C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

The Occurrence and habits are discussed in the reference 

above. 

Genus Limonia Meigen 

Amphi- Meigen, 1800, Nouv. Class. Mouch., p. 15 (nom. 

nud, preocc.). 

Limonia Meigem, 1803, Illiger's Mag. 2:262. 

Liznnobia Meigen, 1818, Syst Beschr. Zwd. Ins. 1:116. 

Li-*a Melville, 1961, Internatl. Comm. 2001. Nomencl. Bul. 

Zod. Nommcl. 18:- (Status of the Meigen 1800 names 

in Diptera). 

Lirnonia Alexander, 1965, Philippine Jour. Sci. 93:427433. 

fimonia comprises a vast aggregation of nearly 2000 

species that presently are distributed in approximately 

30 subgenera, of which eight are found in California. 

A recent paper discussing the taxonomy and 

general morphology of the various subgenera is provided 

in the Alexander reference cited above.


KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SPECIES OF LIMONIA 

1 Wings with two branches of M reaching mar& 

(fig. 52) ...... ALEXANDRIARIA Garrett 

(Extralimital: Wyoming, phalangioidea Alexander 

British Columbia, suffusca Garrett) 

Wings with three branches of M reaching the margin 

(figs. 53-62) ............. 2 

2 

3 

4 

5 

Wings with a supernumerary crossvein in cell 1st A, 

connecting the two Anal veins (fig. 56); male 

hypopygium (fig. 251) . DISCOBOLA Osten Sacken 3 

Wings without a supernumerary crossvein in cell 

IstA ................ 4 

Wings with cell M without brown spots; femur with 

yellow apex shorter than the brown subterminal 

ring .......... annulata (Linnaeus) 


Wings with cell M and usually also cells C and R 

with numemus more or less confluent brown spots 

and dots; femur with yellow apex extensive, sub- 

equal to the brown subterminal ring (fig. 251, 

8 hyp.) ........ neoelegans Alexander 

Mouthparts, and especially the labial palpi, lengthened, 

the rostrum thus formed about equal in length 

to the combined head and thorax; male hypopy- 

gium (fig. 252) ... GERANOMYIA Curtis 5 

Mouthparts, with the labial palpi, not notably 

lengthened, shorter than remainder of head ... 9 

Wings (fig. 57) with vein Sc short, Sci ending at or 

before one-third the length of Rs ..... 6 

Wings with vein Sc longer, Sci ending about op- 

posite midlength of Rs ......... 7 

6 Femora unifudy brown . . diversa (&ten Sacken) 

Femora yellow wih a narrow brown subterminal ring 

7 

8 

9 

ibis (Alexander) 

Wings with stigma dark brown; cord and outer end of 

cell 1st M g narrowly seamed with brown 

... 

perfecta (Alexander) 

(Extralimital: Arizona, Mexico) 

Wings with stigma palm brown; no darkenings along 

cord or outer end of cell Zst Mz ...... 8 

Femur with a narrow subterminal brown ring; male 

hypopygium with the rostral spines arising from 

large basal tubercles, one larger than the othe; 

aedeagus long and slender (fig. 252) ..... 

guatemalensis (Alexander) 

Femur with a terminal darkening; male hypopygium 

with the rostral spines arising from small inconspicuous 

subequal basal tubercles; aedeagw shorter, 

the base stout ..... canademis (Westwood) 

Antennae with flagdlar segments more or less produced, 

either bipectinate, shortaipectinate, or 

subpectinate; male hypopygium of local 8heS 

with 3 to 8 rostral spines (fig. 257) .... 

RHIF'IDJA Meigen 10 

Antennae with flagellar segments globular, oval, or 

elongate, not unilaterally produced to appear subpectinate; 

male hypopygium with not more than 

3 rostral spines, usually with 2 (figs. 249-256) . 12 

10 Wings (fig. 61) with abundant brown dots in the 

cells; male hypopygium with rostral spines va+g 

in number from four to eight . . duplicate (Doane) 

(data Meigen, olii) 

Wings with dark markings restricted to the 

11 

12 

13 

vicinity of the veins or appearing as darkened 

clouds in centers of the outer cells; male hypopygiumwithnwtralspinesthreeinnumber 

... 11 

Basal half or more of cells C and Sc uniformly darkened 

with no other darkenings basad of origin of 

Rs; legs with femora and tibiae pale, tips darkened, 

antemnae of male unipectinate; rostral spines of 

hypopygiumlong ..... fidelis (OstenSadrea) 


Wings with cells C and Sc not unifody darhed, 

with conspicuous brown areas before origin of Rs; 

legs with tibiae, tarsi and more than outer half 

of femur black antennae of male bipectinatq 

rostral spines of hypopygium short . brymti (Johnson) 

(Extralimital: Arizona) 

Wings with vein Sc long, SCI ending some distance 

beyond origin of Rs (figs. 53, 58. 60, 62) (sub- 

genusLimoniaandsomeothers) ...... 13 

Wings with vein Sc short, Scl ending about opposite 

or before origin of Rs (figs. 54, 55, 59) (subgenus 

Dicrammyia and some others) .... 21 

Vein Sc long, ending about opposite midleagth of Rs 

or beyond .............. 14 

Vein Sc shorter, ending about opposite onethird Rs 

or before .............. 18 

14 Vein Sc ~eay long, Scl and Scg ending almost 

opposite the fork of Rs, Ri+s and Rs subequal 

(fig. 62); male hypopygium with two &tistyles 

(fig. 256) ... METALIMNOBIA Matsunura 15 

Vein Sc shorter, Sc 1 ending about opposite midlength 

of Rs, R 1+g longer than R I (fig. 60); male hypopygium 

with a single unmodiiied dististyle (fig. 

15 

16 

255) ........ LIMONJA Meigen 16 

Size large (wing 15 mm or more); femur brown, tip 

blackened, preceded by a subequal or broader 

yellow ring; male hypopygium with gonapophysis 

glabrous (fig. 256) ... califomka (Osten Sacken) 

Size smaller (Wing about 13 mm); femur yellow, including 

the narrow tip, with three narrow dark 

brown rings that are subequal to the yellow interspaces; 

male hypopygium with a brush of long 

yellow setae near apex of gonapophysis .... 

d u s triphaea Alexander 


Legs with femur brown, tip narrowly yellow; wings 

faintly tinged with brown, with three large circular 

brown areas along costa . meculicosta (CoquillW) 

Femur yellow, ringed with black, including the tip; 

wings marbled with brown and yellow or with 

smalldarkenedcostalspot~ . ....... 17 

17 Femur yellow with three black rings; Wings marbled 

with brown and yellow (figs. 60, 255) .... 

mrbeculoea aciophila (Osten Sacken) 

Femur yellow, the tip and a paler subterminal ring 

blackened; Wings yellow with two, or in cases with 

three, small brown spots, placed at Sct and Rz, 

and in cases at origin of Rs . &&&a (Coquillett) 

18 Wings (fig. 58) virtually unpattemed, without darkened 

spots in the cells; male hypopvgium with two 

dististylea, the dorsal style a stout club that terminates 

in numerous black spines; ventral style with 

two rostral spines placed on a long sinuous pro- 

IongatiOn (fig. 253) . HESPEROLIMONIA Alexander 

infuscata ( me)


Wings with small brown spots or dots in the cells 

(vein R 2 in transverse alignment with the free tip 

of Scz); male hypopygium not as above (fig% 

249, 250) . DICRANOMYIA Stephens in part 19 

19 Wings with a supernumerary CFoanrein in dl Rs . 

venusta (Bergroth) 

No supernumerary crossvein in dl Rs of wings . 20 

20 

21 

Size larger (wing about 10 mm or more; legs with 

femora brown, tip narrowly black, preceded by a 

subequal yellow ring; vein SC longer, SCI ending 

about opposite onethird Rs; no brown spots dong 

vein Cu (fig. 53); male hypopygium with the 

rostral spines pale, placed close together, the prolongation 

truncated at apex; no blaclrened lobe on 

face of the ventral dististyle ........ 

defumta concinna (Williiston) 

Size smaller (wing about 9 mm or less); legs with 

femora yellow, tips narrowly black; vein Sc short, 

SCI ending about opposite one-fourth Rs or less; 

vein Cu with a series of about seven or eight dark 

brown spots, male hypopygium with the rostral 

spines black, widely separated, the prolongation 

pointed at apex; a conspicuous blackened lobe on 

face of the ventral distiatyle . . aimulans (Walker) 

Antennae moniliform or beadlike, the flagellar segments 

subglobular to short-oval, with a Circlet 

of short stiff verticils at near midlength, the intermediate 

segments with short apical pedicels, claws 

simple; male hypopygium with two dististyle~, 

the ventral style an unm&ed dongateconical 

lobe without rostral spines (fig. 254) (wings whitened 

with pale brown clouds; coastal, the larva 

marine) ...... IDIOGLOCHINAAlexander 

marmorate (%ten Sacken) 

Antennae with flagellar segments longer, simple, not 

appearing moniliform; claws toothed; male hypopygium 

with two dististyles, the ventral style with 

a rostral prolongation that bears two or three 

elongate spines (figs. 249, 250) (wings of local 

species not clouded with brown; larva, as lmown, 

not marine) . DICRANOMYIA Stephens in part 22 

22 Wings with cell ML open by the atrophy of m 

23 

24 

(fig. 54) .............. 23 

closed (fig. 55) .... 25 

Wings with cell Zst MS 

Wings unusually long and narrow, approximately five 

times as long as broad, the axillary region darkened 

(fig. 54) ; male hypopygium with lobes of tergite 

low, with pale setee (aedeagus narrowed to a 

point) ....... longi-nnis (Schummd) 

Wings normal in shape, at least four times as long as 

broad, the axillary region hot darkend, male 

hypopygium without clearly developed tergal lobes 

(brevivena) or with these conspicuous and provided 

with numerous dark setae (dgata) . . 24 

Wings with Rs short, strongly arcuated, subequal to 

the basal section of R4+5, stigmal darkening distinct; 

male hypopygium without developed tergal 

lobes; mesal-apical lobe of gonapophysis smooth; 

aedeagus narrowed to a simple point .... 

brevivena (Osten Sacken) in part 

Wings with Rs long, nearly straight, exceeding the 

basal section of Rr+s, stigmal darkening barely 

indicated; male hypopygium with tergal lobes con- 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

spicuous, with numerous dark setae; mesal-apical 

lobe of gonapophysis microscopically toothedi 

aedeagus broad, the apex on either side produced 

into a strong hornlike point. .. dgata (Bergmth) 

Wings pale, faintly patterned with brown clouds 

additional to the stigma; femur brown, tip narrowly 

yellowed (male hypopygium with ventral dististyle 

very large and fleshy, more than three times the 

area of the basistyle; rostral prolongation short, 

with two approximated longer spines) .... 

humidioota ( Osten Sacken ) 

Wings without a distinct darkened pattern other than 

the stigma; femur not as above ...... 26 

Legs yellow, femur with a narrow brown subterminal 

ring (male hypopygium with ventral dististyle 

small, its area subequal to that of the basistyle; 

rostral prolongaticin stout, the two spines widely 

separated) ....... anteapicalis Alexander 

Femur not yellowed with a subterminal brown ring . 

Male hypopygium with three rostral spines (fig. 249) 

Male hypopygium with two rostral spines (fig. 250) 

Wing with veins yellowed, inconspicuous; Rs and 

bad -tion of R 4+5 subequal; SC L close to tip 

of SCI, both opposite origin of Rs; male hypopygium 

(fig. 249) with rostral spines erect or diracted 

slightly basad ...... kernensis Alexander 

Wings with veins brown, conspicuous; Rs longer than 

b d section of Rr+s; SCI -ding before origin 

of Rs, SCS far retracted, SCI about one-half Rs; 

male hypopygium with rostral spines directed out- 

Wings with vein Sc I long, about onehalf Rs or more, 

in most species equal in length to Rs .... 30 

Wings with SCX shorter, less than one-half Ra . . 35 

Male hypopygium simple in structure; basistyle with 

ventromesal lobe oval, unmodified; ventral dististyle 

with rostral prolongation long and slender, 

pale, the two very long spines placed on face of 

style at base of prolongation helterata (Osten Sacken) 

Male hypopygium more complex in structure, the 

basistyle conspicuously modified by outgrowths . . 31 

Rostral prolongation of ventral dististyle long and 

slender, at near midlength with two long powerful 

spines that are directed outwardly, longer than the 

apex of the prolongation; gonapophysis with mesalapical 

lobe slender, blackened, the margin micrc- 

scopically toothed (Oregon Report, p. 47, fig. 12) . 

27 

28 

29 

wardly. . ....... distans (Osten Sacken) 

piscataquis Alexander 


Rostrum of ventral dististyle and gonapophyses 

not as above ............. 32 

Rostral prolongation of ventral dististyle with an 

outer branch 50 as to appear bifurcate .... 33 

Rostral prolongation of ventral dististyle simple . . 34 

Dorsal dististyle a slender curved rod; branch of 

rostral prolon@hn of ventral style long and 

slender, exceeding the apex of the prolongation, the 

rostral spines placed distad of the branch . ... 

melanderi tharpiana Alexander 

Dorsal dististyle nearly straight; branch of rostral 

prolongation shorter than apex of the prolongation, 

the rostral spines at near midlength, before 

the branch . ....... halterella Edwards 

(gradis Doane)


34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 


Wings with SCI long, exceeding Rs; dorsal dististyle 

nearly straighc spines of mxitml prolongation of 

ventral dististyle on basal half; proctiger appearing 

as a blackened Y-shaped rod extending from beneath 

the posterior margin of the tergite; gonapophysis 

with mesalapid lobe slender, margin 

smooth .......... ypsilon Alexander 

Wings with SCI she-, less than two-thirds Rs; 

dorsal dististyle a broader gently curved blade; 

spines of rostral prolongation placed far distad, at 

near two-thirds the length; no blackened rod as 

described; ganapophysis with meealapical lobe 

flattened, the margin microscopically toothed . . 

athabascae Alexander 

Wings with SCI ending some distance before origin 

of Rs, the latter short, strongly arcuated, subequal 

to the basal section of R4+5 ....... 

brevivena (Osten Sacken) in part 

Wings with SCI ending opposite or shortly beyond 

origin of Rs, the latter less arcuated, longer than 

the basal section of Rrtr ......... 36 

General coloration of body, including the eatire 

thorax, light yellow ........... 37 

Thoracic dorsum brown or gray, the pleura reddish 

yellow (fuhra) or gray ......... 38 

Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite large, the 

posterior border strongly convex; rostral prolongation 

of the ventral dististyle narrowed at apex into 

a slender black rod; basistyle with a small accewny 

lobule at base of ventromesal lobe, tipped with a 

few black setae ........ u'trina ( h e ) 


Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite narrower, 

the posterior border gently emarginate; rostral 

prolongation of the ventral dististyle not narrowed 

into a slender black &, basistyle without an 

accessory lobule on mesal face ....... 

hom*&ophila Alexander 

Thoracic pleura reddish yellow, mesonotum dark 

brown ........... fulva (Dome) 

Thorax brown or gray, the pleura gray pruinoae . 39 

Male hypopygium with ninth tergite large, posterior 

border convex, with a microscopic median emargination; 

basistyle with a small accessory lobule on 

face at base of the ventromesal lobe; apex of rostral 

prolongation very slender ... acerba Alexander 

Male hypopygium with ninth tergite smaller, posterior 

border gently emarginate; basistyle without an accessory 

lobule; apex of rostral prolongation not 

slender ............... 40 

Basistyle with ventmmesal lobe normal, large, rounded 

or oval, at near midlength of style .... 41 

Basistyle without such a vmtmmesal lobe, this being 

reduced to a tiny lobule at extreme base of mesal 

face of style (fig. 250) ... linsdalei Alexander 

Posterior border of ninth tergite with a deep and 

narrow U-shaped or V-shaped emargination, the 

lateral lobes large, rounded oval . ...... 

libertoides (Alexander) 

Posterior border of ninth tergite shallowly emarginate, 

the lateral lobes low (fig. 55, ven.) . stigmata (Doane) 

Subgenus Dicranomyia Stephens 

Dicranomyia Stephens, 1829, Cat BriL Insects 2:243. 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) acerba Alexander 

Limnia (Diaanomyia) acerba Aleaander, 1943, Canad. Ent 

75: 16-17. 

Holotype 9; Mount Rainier, Washington (CPA). 

Geographic rar@.4ifomia, Oregon, Washington. 

California recorda.-- Co.: Inverness, 111-461 (C. 

A. Toschi, CIS). MARIPOSA Co.: Y d t e National Park, 

Bridalveil Creek, 7000 feet, VII-11-50 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). NEV~A Co.: Tiuckee, 6300 feet, VII-2-53 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). PLACgR CO.: Lake Tahoe, 6300 feet, VII- 

2-53 (C P. Alexander, CPA). SAN MATEO Co.: Skyline 

Boule~ard, 1000 feet, IV-23-64 (C. P. Alexandm, CPA). 

SANTA CLARA CO.: Palo Alto, no date (R. W. Doane. 

USNM). TEHAMA Co.: Near Lasser~ Volcanic National Park, 

VI-16-59 (G. W. By-, UK). 

The species is very close to what has been determined 

as citrina (Doane), 1900, which was described 

from a single female taken at Wawawai, Washington, 

an almost entirely reddish yellow insect. The present 

fly is dark brown pruinose, and differs from U ~*M in 

other details of coloratiron. The male hypopygium of 

the two flies is virtually the same. 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) anteapicalis Alexander 

Limnia (Dicramnnyia) anteapicalis Alexander, 1946, Canad. 

Ent 78: 155-156. 

Holotype 9 ; Camp Manaanar, Inyo County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Caliiornia, Washinginn. 

California record&-A~~&m~~ Co.: Albany, V-15-58 (J- 

A. Powell, CIS). 1- CO.: Camp Manzanar, VII-1945 (J. 

Mayeda, CPA); type. ReRN Co.: Bloomfield Ranch, 4 mi. E 

of Onyx, S fork of Kern River, 2550 feet, V-13-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Hart Park, V-8-61 (R E. Bellamy, 5014, 

CPA). Pow Creek, Monk Bridge, V-25-62 (R. E. Bellamy, 

5154, CPA). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) afhabascae (Alexander) 

Dicramnnyia athabascae Alexander, 1927, Canad. %rt 59:221. 

Holotype 8; Bilby, Alberta (CPA). 

Geographic rw.-Alberta, British Columbia; California, 

Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. 

California -d.-DBL NORTE CO.: C m t City, VIII-3- 

40 (H. IC Townes, CPA). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) brevivena (Osten Sacken) 

(Map 58) 

Diaanornyia brevivena Osten Sacken, 1869, Mon. Dipt N. 

Am=. 4:66-67. 

Syntypes; New York, District of Columbia (MCZ). 

Geographic range.-ifomia, Oregon, eustward to Ontario 

and Quebec, southward to Florida. 

California ~eCOrdS.-IMPERIAL Co.: Niland, at light, IV-25- 

49 (L. W. Quate, CIS). INYO Co.: Death Valley, near Furnace


14-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). Near Sierraville, Crossing of Little 

Truckee River, W-21-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). TUWIRE 

Co.: Sequoia National Park, Dorst Camp, VU-19-46 (C. P. 


, -. 

- 

I" ,I *,. 8% In -2. 

Map 58. Locality records in California for Lkn0m.a (Dieran- 

0rnp.a) brevivena (etea sacken) (circles). 

Creek, about sea level, along fresh water stream, IV-21-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). KBRN CO.: Emkine Creek, IV-18-58 

(R. E. Bellamy, 4004, Bellamy Coll.). Near Isabella, W-29- 

61 (R. E. Bellamy, 5011, Bellamy Coll.). Hart Park, VIII-22- 

59 (R. E. Bellamy, Bellamy Coll.). Kern Canyon, 10 mi. HzO 

Point, V-9-61 (R. E. Bellamy, 5016, Bellamy Coll.). MARI- 

POSA Co.: Yosemite National Park, Bridalveil Creek, 7050 

feet, VII-23-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONO Co.: Coleville, 

Slinker Canyon, V-28-39 (T. H. G. Aitken and M. A. 

Cazier, CPA) . Hot Springs, E. of Bridgeport, at light, VII-11- 

62 (H. B. Leech, CPA). Leavitt Meadows, 7200 feet, VII- 

19-62 (H. B. Leech, CAS). Little Walk River, 6800 f 4 

VI-27-57 (C. P. Alemnder, CPA). West Walket River, 

near Chris Flat Forest Camp, 6500 feet, VII-18-50 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). MONTEREY CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, 

Hastings Reservation, Finch Creek, VI-15-48, VII-2-50 (J. 

Linsdale, CPA). NEVADA Co.: Donner Creek, VI-11-47 (K. 

M. Fender, CPA). Truckee, VIII-1948 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). PLACER CO.: Deep Creek, Truckee River, 5950 feet, 

VI-30-47, VII-5-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Lake Tahoe, 

Martis Creek, 6800 feet, VI-25-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

PLUMAS CO.: Spanish C d , near Keddie, 3200 feet, VII-21- 

50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO Co.: San Bernardino 

Mountains, Barton Flats, 6300 feet, VII-14-46, VIII- 

11-46 (J. L. Sperry, CPA). SAN DIEGO CO.: Cleveland 

National Forest, Glencliff campground near Buckman Springs, 

along Cottonwood Creek, 3800 feet, in wet swale, IV-2,13-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, Green 

Valley Falls, along Sweetwater River, 3900 feet, IV-12-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Palmar Mountain, 4700 feet, VII- 

4-45 (J. A. Cornstock, CPA). SHASTA CO.: Lassen Volcanic 

National Park, Hat Lake, 6450 feet, VI11458 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SIERRA Co.: 4.8 mi. SE of Sierraville, VI- 

1 

,* P u . 

L" 

* %.I 

Map 59. Locality records in California for Limonia (Dicranomyia) 

defuncta conunna (Williston) (circles). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) defuncta wncinna 

(Williston) 

(Fig. 53; Map 59) 

Y. ..lh 

,. m I" 

Limnobia concinna Williston, 1894, Kans. Univ. Quart. 2:60- 

61. 

Syntypes 3, sex not stated (UK). 

Geographic ran&.-British Columbia; California, Colorado, 

New Mexico, Oregon, Washingtan, Wyoming. 

California records.-cONTRA COSTA Co.: Mount Mablo, V- 

12-40 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). FRESNO CO.: Between Big 

Creek and Huntington Lake, 5400 feet, VI-9-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Kings Canyon National Park, Highway 

180, 4600 feet, on wet cliffs, VI-1,17-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Squaw Valley, E of Fresno on Highway 180, 3800 

feet, VI-7-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). KERN Co.: Kern, IV- 

9-61 (R. E. Bellamy, 5005, Bellamy Coll.). MARIN Co.: Point 

Reyes Peninsula, McClures Beach, VII-7-61 (H. B. Leech, 

CAS). MARIPOSA CO.: Miami Ranger Station, VII-26-46 

(H. P. Chandler, CAS). MONTEREY CO.: Castroville, at black 

light, 111-30-61 (W. H. Lange, UCD). Santa Lucia Mountains, 

Hastings Reservation, 1-27-51 (J. Linsdale, HR); Los Padres 

National Forest, Salmon Creek, V458 (C. D. Hynes, CPA) . 

NEVADA CO.: Grass Valley, at sewage plant, X-18-62 (E. E. 

Lusk, CPA). PLACER CO.: Auburn, I-1,7-44 (S. J. Freeborn, 

CPA, CIS). PLUMAS CO.: Johnsville, VI-9-63 f J. S. Buckett, 

UCD). RIVERSIDE Co.: Boyd Desert Research Station, at


light, IV-6-63 (W. A. Steffan, CIS). SACRAMENTO Co.: 

Sacramento, in filtration beds of sewage plant, Mather Field, 

IX-1946 (S. F. Bailey, UCD). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: San 

Bernardmo Mountains, Barton Flats, 6700 feet, VII-1446 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA); 6300 feet, VIII-445 (A. L. 

Melander, CPA); IX-26-46 (J. L. Sperry, CPA). SAN 

DIEGO CO.: Bow, Low- Tub Ceny~n, 1100 feet, III-17- 

47 (N. Crickmer, CPA). Palomar Mountain, -ne Creek, 

4700 feet, VII-6,7-45 (J. A. Comstodr, CPA). SANTA CLARA 

CO.: Woodside, near Palo Alto, 11-1906, IV-4-06. SANTA 

CRUZ CO.: Santa Cruz, V-21-1876 (Osten sacken, Ma). 

s1s-0~ Co.: Scott River, VIII-10-40 (W. C. Day, CAS). 

SOLAN0 CO.: Green Valley, VI-13-39 (G. E. Bohart, CPA). 

TULARE CO.: Sequoia National Park, VI-6/842 (0. Depener, 

CPA). TUOLUMNE Co.: Pinecrest, VII-19-48 (P. H. Amaud, 

CPA). Strawberry, VII4/19--60~ VIII-18-60 (D. Q. CaVagnaro, 

CIS). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) distans (Osten Sacken) 

Dicranomyia distans Osten Sacken, Acad Nat Sci Phila. 

Proc. 1859:211. 

Syntypes 2 8 9 ; Florida (MCZ). 

Synonym.-Dicranomyia ~emi~ Doane, 1908, Ent News 

19:8. 

Holotype 8; Woodside, Stanford University, Santa Clara 


Geographic range--(=alifornia, eastward to Alabama, Florida; 

tropical America. 

California records.-Co~us~ Co.: Colusa, VII-15-55 (R. 

0. Schustm, CIS). FRBSlvO Co.: Fra~no, V-15-56 (R 0. 

Schuster, CIS). KERN Co.: no exact locality, at light, IV-21- 

38 (R. E. Bellamy, 4006, CPA) . ORANGE CO.: Laguna Beach, 

V-31-24 (F. R. Cole, CIS). SANTA CLARA CO.: Woodside, 

near Palo Alto, IV-4-06 (R. W. Doane, CAS); tppe of cervina. 

SISKIYOU CO.: Mount Shasta City, VIII-22-58 (J. A. Powell, 

CIS). STANISLAUS Co.: Turloek, WI-15-56 (M. D. Stage, 

CIS). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) fulva (Doane) 

Dicranomyia fulva Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 8:185, 

pl. 7, flg. 9 (wing). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) fuhra Alexander, 1949, Amer. Midland 

Nat 42:289. 

Syntypes 18, 69 ; Pullman, Washington (USNM). 

Geographic ran&e.--California, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. 

California recorrd.-MO~c~~ Co.: Knox Mountain, 30 mi. SW 

of Alturas, VII-1-64, reared (D. L. Dahlsten, CIS, CPA). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) haltera fa (Osten Sacken) 

(Map 60) 

Dicranomyia hafterata Osten Sacken, 1869, Mon. Dipt N. 

Amer. 4: 71-72. 

Syntypes 48; Labrador (MCZ). 

Synonym.-Limonia (Dicranomyia) cinereipennis (Lundstriim), 

1912, Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Femn. Acta 36:52 (Finland). 

Geographic range.-Alberta, Yukon eastward to Labrador, 

Quebec; Alaska, California; Eurasia. 

California recorda.-ALAMEr~A CO.: Berkeley, v-4-19 (E. 

Map 60. Locality records in California for Limonia (Dicranomyia) 

hafterata (Osten Sacken) (circles). 

P. Van bee, CAS). DEL NORTE. Co.: 26.5 mi. NE of 

Crescent City, VI-22-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). Jedediah Smith 

State Park, Smith River, 100 feet, VII-26-58 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). State Line Creek, border California-Oregon 

on Highway 199, 1700 fm VIII-948 (C. P. Alexander 

and K. M. Fender, CPA). HUMBOLDT Co.: Fieldbmok, V-26- 

03 (H. S. Barber, USNM). Prairie Creek State Park, W-30, 

31-46, VIII-1148, WII-240, VIT-23-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). ME"O CO.: RuPsian Gulch State Park, VII--20- 

58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Van Damme Becich State Park, 

VII-20-58 (C P. Alexander, CPA). MARIPOSA CO.: Miami 

Ranger Station, VI-7-40 (T. H. G. Aitken and M. A. Cazier, 

CPA). MONO Co.: Went Walker River, near Chris Flat Forest 

Camp, 6500 feet, VII-18-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

MONT~REY CO.: PfeiBer Big Sur State Park, VII-11-58 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). SAN MATEO Co.: Poltola State Park, 

Peters Creek and Pescadero Creek, VI-13s8, IV-23-64 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). SANTA CLARA Co.: Corte Madera Creek, 

Palo Alto, X-12-07 (R. W. Doane, CAS). Woodside, III-9- 

06 (R. W. Doane, CAS). SANTA CRUZ Co.: Ben bond, VI- 

2-45 (L. W. Saylor, CPA). SHASTA CO.: Burn-, V-3039 

(T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). 

Limonia (Dicranomp-a) homichlophila Alexander 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) homichtophila Alexander, 1958, Ent 

News 69: 129-131. 


Calif. (CPA). 


California rewrda.-Fx~~~O Co.: Kings Canyon National 

Park, Highway 180, small waterfall flowing into south fork


of Kings River, 3500 feet, V-30-63; Highway 180, on wet Squaw Valley, E of Fresno on Highway 180, 3800 feet, VIcliffs, 

4600 feet, VI-1-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MARIPOSA 7-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). HUMBOLDT Co.: Prairie 

Co.: Yosemite National Park, Vernal Falls, 5000 feet, VII- Creelc State Park, VII-30,31-46, VII-9-48 (C. P. A1-d-p 

1-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); typea. TuLlrJle Co.: Sequoia CPA). I m Co.: Big Pine Creek, Glacier Lodga, 8000 feet, 

National Forest, Highway 198 between Grants Grove and VI-27-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). ILIhRN Co.: Greeahorn 

Sequoia National Park, 6400 feet, VI-19-63 (C. P. Alexander, Mountains, Cedar Creek, at light, IV-20-58 (R E. Bellemy, 

CPA ). 

4005, Bellamy Coll.); Tributary S of Cedar Creek, IV-16-61 

(R. E. Bellamy, 5006, Bellamy Coll.); Kern Canyon, 7 mi. 

HzO Point, V-9-61 (R E. Bellmy, 5017, Bellmy Coli.). 

L~gg Co.: St Helena Creek, 111-11-51 (H. B. Leech, CAS). 

Map 61. Locality records in California for Limonie (Diaanoznyia) 

InmLidicola (Ostea Sacken) (circles). 

Limonia (DicranOmyia) hutnidicola (Osten Sacken) 

Dicranornyia humidida 0s- 

Proc. 1859: 210. 

(Map 61) 

Sacken. Acad Nat Sci. Phila. 

Syntypes 8 9; Connecticut, District of Columbii, New 

York (MCZ). 

Synonym;--Dicranomyia viridicene h e , 1908, Ent News 

19:7, fig. (ven.). 

Holotype 8 teneral; torte Madera Creek, Stanford University, 

Santa Clara County, Calif. (CAS). 

From 1869 to about 1930 the species erroneously was recorded 

as Limoma Mia (Walker). 

Geographic ran&.-British Columbia eastward to Ontario, 

Quebec; California, south- Central America. 

California -~S.-ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley, University 

Campus, IV-23-58 (CIS); 11-27-61 (A. Smith, CAS); V- 

25-64 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Co"I'RA ComA Co.: Moraga, 

VI-13-65 (D. G. Dennina CPA). EL Do- Co.: LtlLeTahoe, 

VI-13-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). MSNO Co.: Kings Canyon 

National Park, on Highway 180, on wet cliffs, 4600 feet. 

VI-1-63 (C. P. Alectandw, CPA); Swale Camp, 6400 

feet, VI-4-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Shaver Lake, along 

Musick M, 5522 feeZ VI443 (C. P. Alezander, CPA). 

CO.: Mill Valley, 111-24-51, 

11-2553 (H. B. Leech, 

CAS). Muir Wood% IV-25-64. XI-7-65 (D. G. D-in~ 

CPA). Point Reyes Peninsula, McClures Beach, VII-7-41 

(H. B. Leech, CAS). Samuel P. Taylor State Park, VII-16- 

58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). -SA Co.: YoSemite National 

Park, VI-1907 (R W. h e , CAS); Bridalveil Creek, 7000 

feet, VII-11-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Vernal Falls, VI- 

12-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Wawona, 5000 feet, VI-6-39 

(T. H. G. Aim, CPA); VI-5-39 (A POwne~, CPA). 

- W ~ O Co.: Russian Gulch State Park, VII-20-58 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). Van Damme Beach State Park, VII-20- 

58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONO Co.: Mammoth Lakes 

Distri~6 Coldwater creek, 9OOO faet, VII-5/7-57 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). MONTEREY Co.: 6.5 mi. E of Kirk Creek, 

V-16-58 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). PfeiflFer Big Sur State Park, 

VII-11-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Santa M a Mountains, 

Hastings Rawvation, IV-2SV-143, 11-26-46, 111-1-47, 

VI-10/16-48, VI-2-50 (J. Linsdale, HR); VIII-9-58 (C. 

P. Aleaander, CPA); F i Creek above upper bridge, in 

evening, 1141, IV-12-51 (J. Linsdale, HR); Robertson 

Creek, IV-15-48 (J. Lin~dale, CAS, CIS). PLACER Co.: Deep 

Creek, Trucke-e River, 5950 feet, VII-1-47 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Lake Tahoe, Martis C&, 6800 feet, VI-26-57 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). RNBRSEDB Co.: Palm Springs, Andreas 

Canyon, IV-2245 (J. A. Camstock, CPA). San Jacinto 

Mountains, Dark Canyon, 6OOO feet, VII-2-58; Fuller Mill 

Creek, 6OOO feet, V-25-63; Idyllwild, along Strawberry Creek 

at Camp Emerson, 5300 feet, V-10-63, VI-29-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: San Bemadin0 

Mountains, Barton Flats, 6200 feet, VI-14-46, WI458 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA); Mount Sugarloaf, along brook from 

Cienaga, 6700 feet, VII-20-46 (N. Crickmer and J. L. 

Sperr~, CPA), IX-22-46 (J. L. Sperr~, CPA). SAN DIEM 

Co.: Oak Grove, VII-245 (A. L. Melander, CPA). Palomar 

Mountain, Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VIE745 (J. A. Comstock, 

CPA); VI1-11,1246 (C. P. Alexander and J. A. 

Comstixk, CPA). S m Lurs OarsPo Co.: Perfumo Canyon, 

IV48 (C. D. Hyne~, CPA). Poly Canw, 111-29-58 (C. 

D. Hynes, CPA). Slrrv EnATEo Co.: Brisbane, XII-149 (R. S. 

Beel, CIS). Portola State Park, Peters Creek and Pescadero 

Creedc, V-7-50 (H. B. Leech, CAS), VII-13-58 (C. P- 

Alexander, CPA). S A ~ A CO.: Alma College, V-10-51 

(H. B. Leech, CAS). Pa10 Alto, Corte Madera Creek, 11-1906 

(R. W. h e ) ; type of viridicans; IX-21-53, 11-16-56 (P. 

H. Amaud, CAS). San Jose, 11-23-40 (G. S. Mansfield, S JS 1. 

Stanford University, 11-29-06, XI-7-07, V-09 (R. W. Doane, 

CAS). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Mount Hennon, X-17-46 (P. H. 

Amaud, CAS). Santa Cruz, VI-14-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). 

Waddell Creek, 11-27-30 (F. Bianchi, CAS). SHASTA CO.: 

Bumey Falls, VIII-1-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Castle 

Crags State Park, 2000 feet, VII-6-53 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Hatchet Pass, near Burney, 4200 feet, VII-9-47, VIII- 

13-48 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Lasaen Volcanic National Park, 

Lost Creek, 5000 feet, YIII-0-58 (Go Pm Al-dWj 

-A).


SISKIYOU CO.: Grass Lake, VI-22-64 (D. 0. Denning, CPA). 

SOLANO CO.: Green Valley, VI-13-49 (G. E. Bohart, CPA). 

SONOMA CO.: Bodega Bay, IV-16-65 (J. D. Birchim, CPA). 

TEHAMA CO.: Near Lassen Volcanic National Park, VI-15-59 

(G. W. Byers, UK). TULARE CO.: Sequoia National Park, 

Dorst Creek, 6500 feet, VII450; Log Meadow, in hollow 

stumps of Sequoia, VII-19-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) kernensis Alexander 

(Fig. 249) 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) kernensis Alexander, 1966, Amer. 

Ent. Soc. Trans. 92: 106-107. 

Holotype 8; Kern River Canyon, Kern County, Calif. 

(CPA). 

Geographic renge.-Known only fmm California 

California record;--KERN CO.: Kem River Canyon, 9.8 mi. 

upriver from mouth, IV-14-62 (R. E. Beby, CPA). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) libertoides (Alexander) 

Furcomyia libertoides Alexander, 1912, Canad. Ent 44:361, 

fig. V (8 hyp.). 

Holotype $ ; Marin County, Calif. (AMNH). 

Geographic range.&Iifornia, Oregon. 

California reoords.--CONTRA COSTA CO.: Orinda, v-639 

(T. Kelley, CPA). KERN CO.: Kem Canyon, 9.8 mi. upriver 

from canyon mouth, IV-14-62 (R. E. Bellamy, 5125, CPA). 

5 mi. S of Glenville, 3.3 mi. S of creek crossing Granite 

Station Road, IV-18-62 (R E. Ballamy, 5129, CPA). MARm 

CO.: 111-23-1897 (AM"); types. NAPA CO.: 1 mi. N of 

Anwin, V-9-64 (H. B. Leech, CAS). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) linsdalei Alexander 

(Fig. 250) 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) linsdalei Alexander, 1943, Ent News 

54:253-255. 

Holotype 0 ; Hastings Reservation, Monterey County, Calif. 

(CAS). 


California -~s.-EL Do- Co.: Cool, 111-2142 (J. 

A. Powell, CIS). Los ANGELES Co.: Santa Catalina Island, 

Avalon, 11-1919 (T. D. A. Cockerell, CPA); type material. 

MONTEREY CO.: Santa Luck Mountains, Hastings Reservation, 

111-13-38 (J. Linsdale, CPA); type. SAN MAT- CO.: 

Redwood City, 11-8-42 (P. H. Amaud, CPA). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) Zongipennis (Schummel ) 

(Fig. 54) 

Limnobia Zongipennis Schummel, 1829, Beitr. z. Ent (Win) 

1:104. Type; Europe. 

Synonym.-Dicranomyia inrmemor aten Sacken, 1861, 

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1861:287. Syntype, New York 

(Ma). 

Geographic rangeTCalifornia, Washiin eastward to Ontario, 

Quebec; Eurasia. 

California records.-INYO CO.: Independence, N. fork of 

Oak Creek above 6sh hatchery, 5000 feet, V-17-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Oak Creek, 5000 feet, V-16-64 (J. D. 

Birchim, CPA). Mom CO.: 10 mi. S of Davis Creek, N fork 

of Pit River, on Highway 395, VIII-11-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). MONO CO.: Willow Springs, VII-18-50 (C. P. 


Limonia (Dicranomyia) melanderi tharpiana 

Alexander 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) melanderi tharpiana Alexander, 1959, 

Ent News 70:74. 

Holotype $; Sequoia National Park, Tulare County, Calif. 

(CPA). 


California records.-FRESNO CO.: Mark Twain Big Tree, 

W of Sequoia National Park, 6300 feet, VII-7-50 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Kings Canyon National Park, Swale Camp, 

6400 feet, VII-19-51 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). IrryO CO.: 

Intake Camp, Middle fork of Bishop Creek, 8000 fd, VII-8- 

57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MARIWSA CO.: Yosemite National 

Park, Bridalveil Creak, 7000 feet, VII-11-50 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). PLACER CO.: Deep Creek, Truckee River, 5900 feet, 

VI-3047 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SHASTA CO.: 8 mi SE of 

Bade, VI-17-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). Hatchet Pass, near 

Bumey, 4000 feet, VII-9-47 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). TEHAMA 

CO.: near Lassen Volcanic National Park, VI-15-59 (G. W. 

Byers, CPA). TuLAag CO.: Sequoia National Park, Dorst 

Camp, 6800 feet, VII-18-57; Log Meadow, Tharp Cabin, 

VII-19-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); type. "UOLUMNE CO.: 

Eureka Valley Forest Camp, Middle fork of Stanislaus River, 

6100 feet, VI-28-57 (C. P. Al-der, CPA). Pinecre~t, VII- 

29-47, -1-27-48 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). Yosemite National 

Park, Tudumne Meadows, 9500 feet, VII-3-59 (C. P. 

A1-der, CPA). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) simulans (Walker) 

Limnobia simulans Walker, 1848, List. Dipt Brit. Museum 

1:45. 

Holotype $ ; St. Martins Falls, Albany River, Hudsons Bay, 

Ontario (BM). (See G. W. Byers, 1963, Kansas Ent. Soc. 

Jour. 36:158, fig. 20 8, reexamination of Walker's type). 

Synonym-Limonia (Dicranomyia) pemetica Alexander, 

1939, Brooklyn Ent. SOC. Bul. 34:95. 

This species should not be confused with defuncfa aten 

Sacken which formerly had been identified as simdans. 

Geographic ran&.-Ontario, Quebec, California, Maine. 

California record.-- 

Co.: YoSemite National Park, 

1x443 (D. G. Denning, CPA). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) stigmata (Doane) 

(Fig. 55) 

Dicrammyia stigmata Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 

8:185, pl. 7, fig. 10 (Wing). 

Holotype 8 ; Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, Calif. (USNM). 

Synonym.-Limonia (Diwanomyia) cafalinae Alexander, 

1944, Jour. Ent and 2001. 36:91-92. 

Holotype 8; Avalon, Cataka Island, Los Angeles County, 

Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic ran&.--California, Washington. 

California records.-A~~~~~A CO.: Berkeley, V419 (E. 

P. Van bee, CPA). CONTRA COSTA Co.: Bear Creek, IV- 

18-V-15-58 (S. F. Cook, Jr., CIS). Hwmm Co.: Willow 

Creek, VI-20-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). LOs ANGSLES Co.:


Santa Catalina Island, Avalon, 111-19-38 (T. D. A. Cockerdl, 

CPA); type of catalinae; 111-1838 (T. D. A. Codcerell, 

CAS). MARIN Co.: Alpine Lake, IV-24-58 (D. D. Linsdale, 

CIS). Mill Valley, 111-1247 (E. L. Kessel, CAS); 111-2244 

IV-2-50, 111-5-51, V-10-58 (H. B. Leech, CAS). MARIPOSA 

CO.: Yosemite National Park, Vernal Falls, 5000 feet, VII- 

1-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONTEXEY CO.: PfeitTer Big 

Sur State Park, VII-1148 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Santa 

Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, IV-9, IV-9-51 (J. 

Linsdale, CPA, HR). SAN DIE00 Co.: Palomar Mountain, 

Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VII-3-45 (J. A. Cornstock, CPA) ; 

VI-12-46 (C. P. Alexander and J. A. Comstock, CPA). SAN 

LUIS OBISPO Co.: Santa Rita River, IV-5-58 (C. D. Hpes, 

CPA). SAN MAT^ Co.: Redwood City, III-3 (P. H. 

Amaud, CPA). Skyline Boulevard, lo00 feet, in redwood 

gully, IV-23-64 (C P. Alexander, CPA). SANTA CLARA Co.: 

Mount Hamilton, 3000 feet, V-19-40 (T. H.G. fitLen, CPA). 

Palo Alto, 111-29-1891 (USNM); typa SONOMA Co.: Glen 

Ellen, IV-2930 (H. B. Leech, CAS). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) venusta (Bergroth) 

Dicranomyia venusta Bergroth, 1888, Wien. Ent Ztg. 7:193- 

194- 

Holotype Q; Sitka, Alaska (location not known). 

Geographic range.-Alaska, California, Colorado, New 

Mexico. Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. 

California recomls.-EL Do- Co.: Lake Tahoe, VI-13- 

59 (G. W. Byers, UK). MONO Co.: Mammoth Lakes District, 

Coldwater Creek, 9OOO feet, VI-5/7-57, VI-2749 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Timberline Station, Slate Creek Valley, 

10,000 feet, IX-12-64 (0. Shields, CPA). NEVADA CO.: 

Donner Creek, VI-11-47 (K. M. Fender, CPA). PLACER Co.: 

Deep Creek, T N C River, ~ 5950 feet, VII-1-47 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO Co.: San Bernardino 

Mountains, Barton Flats, VIII-3146, IX-2/11-46, X-3-46 

(N. Crickm~ and J. L. Sperr~, CPA); IX-10-45 (J. L. 

Sperry, CPA); VII-15-46 (C. P. Alemander, CPA); Cienaga, 

Upper Santa Ana River, on Mount Sugarloaf, X-11,1246 (J. 

L. Sperry, CPA); Upper Santa Ana River, 6250 feet, VII-15- 

46 (C. P. Alexander and J. L. Sperry, CPA). SHASTA Co.: 

Laseen Volcanic National Park, Upper Kings Creek Meadows, 

7500 feet, VII-7-47 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SIERRA Co.: 

Weber (Webber) Lake, VII-24-1876 (Osten Sacken, MU). 

TUOLUMNE Co.: YosRnite National Park, Tuolumne Meadows, 

8555 feet, VII-14-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) vulgata (Bergroth) 

Dicranomyia vulgata Bergmth, 1888, Wien. Ent Ztg. 7:194- 

195. 

Holotype 8; Sitka, Alaska (location not known). 

Synonym.-Dicrartomyia odvaara Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent 

SOC. Jour. 8:182, pl. 7, fig. 1 (wing). 

Holotype 8 ; Moscow Mountain, Idaho (USNM). 

Geographic rW.-Alberb, British Columbia, Yukon; 

Alaska, California, Montana, Oregon, Wyoming. 

California mwda.-Fmmro Co.: King Canyon National 

Park, Swale Camp, VIII-7-59 (C. P. Al-der, CPA). 

HUMBOLDT CO.: Eureka, V-22-03 (H. S. Bark, USNM). 

MHNnOaO CO.: Mendocino, VII-19-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). SHASTA CO.: 8 mi. SE of Bartle, VI-17-59 (G. W. 

Byers, UK). Lassen Volcanic National Park, Reflection Lake, 

Map 62. Locality records in California for Lrm0m.a (Dimanomyia) 

ypsilon Alexander (circles). 

5890 feet, VII-26-50. VIII-6-58 (C P. Alexander, CPA); 

Hat Lake, 6450 feet, VIII-8-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

TULARB CO.: Sequoia National Park, Log Meadow, VII-19- 


Limonia (Dicranomyia) ypsilon Alexander 

(Map 62) 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) ypdon Alexander, 1959, Ent News 

70: 47-50. 

Holotype 8 ; Mammoth Lakes District,Mono County, Calif. 

Smnym.-Dicranomyia particeps h e , 1908, Ent News 

19:7-8, fig. (ven.) (in error). 

Holotype 8 ; Keyport, Washington (CAS). 

Geographic ran@.-CaIiiornia, Oregon, Washington. 

California recorda--D~~ Nom Co.: State Line Brook, 

border of California-Oregon on Highway 199, VII-27-58 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). EL DORADO CO.: Lake Tahoe, Eagle 

Creek, 6300 feet, VI-2557 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). FRESNO 

Co.: Huntington Lake, VIII-17-49 (P. H. Arnaud. CAS). 

Rings Canyon National Park, Swale Camp, 6400 ft, VII-19- 

57 (C P. Alexander, CPA). HUMWLDT CO.: Prairie Creek 

State Park, VI-23-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA) . MAJUN CO.: 

Samuel P. Taylor State Park. VII-16-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). MENDOCINO Co.: MacKerricher Beach State Park, 

Cleone Lake at sea level, VI-20-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Russian Gulch State Park, VII-20-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). MONO Co.: Mammoth Lakee District, Coldwater Creek, 

9000 feet, VII-5,&57 (C. P. Alexanaer, CPA); type. MON- 

Co.: Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park, VII-11-58 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO Co.: San Bernardino


Mountains, Barton Flats, 6300 feet, VII-16-46 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SHASTA Co.: 8 mi. SE of Battle, VI-17-59 

(G. W. Byers, UK). Bumey Falls, VIII-1-58 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Lassen Volcanic National Park, Lost Creek, 

5000 feet, VIII-10-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). ”AMA COS: 

Near Lassen Volcanic National Park, VI-15-59 (G. W. By-, 

UK). TU= CO.: Sequoia National Park, Dorst Camp, 

6500 feet, VII-6-50, VII-18-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

TUOLUMNE CO.: Pinecrest, VII-2947 (P. H. Amaud, CPA). 

Subgenus Discobola Osten Sacken 

Discobola Osten Sacken, 1865, Ent. Soc. Phila Pra. 4:226. 

Trochobola Osten Sacken, 1869, Mon. Dipt N. her. 4:98. 

Limonia (Discobola) neoelegms Alexander 

(Figs. 56, 251) 

Limonia (Discobra) neoelegatls Alexander, 19%, Amer. Midland 

Nat. 51:48. 

Discobola elegans Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 8:186- 

187, pl. 7, fig. 14 (wing). (Preocc.) 

Syntypes 0; Tokeland, Washington; 8, Collins, Idaho 

(USNM). 

Geographic range.-British Columbia; cplifomia, Idaho, 


California recods.-D~~ NORTICo.: Fort Dick, VI-2039 

(T. H. G. Aitken and G. E. Bohart, CPA). Klamath, VIII-1- 

48 (R. W. Coleman, CPA). HUFAB~LDT Co.: Prairie Creek 

State Park, VI1-30-46, WI-2-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

/I .)I sa 

1 - 1 - b 

,” “I m I.) D am ,. ,,. ,. .e ,* 

Map 63. Locality records in California for Limonia (Germomyia) 

demsis (Westwood) (arcles). 

Subgenus Geranornyia Haliday 

Geranomyia Haliday, 1833, Ent Mag. (London) 1:154. 

Limonia (Geranomyia) canadensis (Westwood) 

(Map 63) 

Limnobiorhynchus canadenais Westwood, 1835, Soc. Ent de 

France Ann. 4:684. 

Holotype 8 ; “Canada” (Hope Collectim, Oxford). 

Synonpm.-Geranomyh communis &ten Sacken, Acad. 

Nat Sci Phila Pmc. 1859:207. 

Geographic range.-Alberta, British Columbia, eastward to 

Ontario, Quebec; Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington, 

southward to Florida, Georgia, Louisiana. 

Cafifom-a recordk--CONTRA COSTA CO.: Danville, flybg 

low, zip& over stream, VI-22-51 (F. X. Williams, CAS). 

Pt Molate, Richmond, X-30-63 (J. A. Powell, CIS). Moraga, 

VI-13-65 (D. G. Denning, CPA). DEL Nom Co.: Klamath, 

Vm-1-48 (R. W. Coleman, CPA). INYO Co.: Death Valley, 

Furnace Creek Camp, III-19-41 (T. H. G. Aih, CPA); 

IV-21-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Death Valley, 11-1948 

(C. D. Duncan, SJS). KERN CO.: Hart Park, VIII-22-59, 

V-8-61 (R E. Bellamy, 5015, CPA). MARIPOSA Co.: Yosemite 

National Park, Bridalveil Falls, 4000 feet, VI-13-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA); Yostmite Valley, VI-21-58 (D. Burdick, 

CIS). MONO Co.: Hot Springs, E of Bridgeport, at light, 

VIIZ-11-62 (H. B. Leeeh, -A). MONTRREY Co.: Pfeiffer 

Big Sur State Park, VII-11-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Re~er~ation, Finch Creek, 

VI-12-48, VI-3-50, IV-12-51 (J. Linsdale, CIS, CPA, HR). 

NEVADA Co.: Truckee, WI-1948 (C. P. Alexander, -A). 

P L ~ Co.: S Butt Valley, VII3-60 (D. C. Rentz, CAS). 

RIVERSIDE CO.: Riverside, III-10/25-45 (P. H. Timberlake, 

CPA). SAN BRRNARDINO Co.: San Bernardino Mountains, 

Barton Flats, 6300 feet, VII-14-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

SAN CO.: Palm Mountain, VII-6-45 (J. A. CO~stock, 

CPA); VII-1246 (C. P. Alexander and J. A. Comstock, 

CPA). Sunshine Summit, VIII-15-58 (E. I. Schlinger, 

UCR). SAN LUIS OBISP~ Co.: Pas0 Robles, IX-26-34 (A. L. 

Mdander, CPA). SANTA CLARA Co.: Alum Rock Park, 6 mi. 

E of San Jose, N-20-51 (J. W. Tilden, SJS). Stanford 

University, Adalanta Viage, IX-10-06 (R. W. Doane? CAS). 

SHASTA Co.: Castle Crags State Park, VI-2- (D. G. 

Denning, CPA). 

Limonia (Geranomyia) diversa (Osten Sacken) 

(Fig. 51; Map 64) 

Geranor&a &versa 0s- Sacken, Acad. Nat Sci. Phila. Proc 

1859:207. 

Syntypes 8 0; Trenton Falls, New York (MCZ). 

Geographic range.-ifornia, Oregon, Wyoming, eastward 

to Maine, southward to South Carolina, Tenneesee. 

Crtlifom’a -~S.-NTRA COSTA Co.: Moraga, VI-13-65 

(D. G. Denning, CPA). EL DORADO Co.: Snowline Camp, VI- 

21-48 (P. D. Hurd, CIS). FRESNO Co.: Between Big Creek 

and Huntington Lake, 5400 feet, VI-9-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Highway 180 to Frermo, 4900 and 5800 feet, VI-7-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Sequoia National F-t, Hume Lake, 

5300 feet, VI-23-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Shaver Lake, 

along Musick Creek, 5522 feet, VI-7,843 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). INYO CO.: Goodale Creek, N of Lone Pine, on Salix 

exigua flowers, IV-3-53 (H. B. Leech, CAS). Independence, 

N fork of Oak Creek above fish hatchery, 5000 feet, VI-25- 

63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). KERN Co.: Greenhorn Mountains, 

Tributary S of Cedar Creek, IV-16-61 (R. E. Bellamy, 5006,

I L 


- 

A ;. A ,- ,. & I“ I* J] 

W I I I b h 

Map 64. Locality records in California for Limonia (Germoznyia) 

divema (0s- Sacktm) (circles). 

Geranomyia @atemalensis Alexander, 1916, Acad. Nat. Sci. 

Phila. Proc. 68:481. 

Holotype 6; Aguna, Guatemala (USW). 

Geographic range.-Caliiornia; Guatemala, Mexico. 

California records.-K~~~ Co.: Hart Park, Kern River, 

VIII-23-59 (R. E. Bellamy, CPA). SAN DIEGO Co.: Palomar 

Mountain, 4700 feet, VII-6-45 (J. A. Comstoclr, CPA). 

Limonia (Geranomyia) ibis (Alexander) 

Germornyia ibis Alexander, 1916, Acad. Nat Sci phila Proc. 

68:493-494, hg. 8 (ven.). 

Holotype 0; Hot Springs, Arkansas (USNM). 

Geographic range;--Arirona, California, eastward to Arkansas. 

Cdif0m.a record.sAN DIEGO Co.: -, Lower Tub 

Canyon, 1100 feet, III-17-47 (N. Criber, CPA). 

Subgenus Hesperolimonia Alexander 

Limonia (Hesperofimonia) Alexander, 1966, her. Ent SOC. 

Trana 92:105,106, hg. 1 (ven.), fig. 9 (3 hyp.). 

Limonia (Hesprolimnia) infuscata (Doane) 

(Figs. 58,253) 

Dicranmnyia infuscata me, 1900, N. Y. Ent Soc. JOW. 

8:185, pl. 7, fig. 11 (wing). 

Holotype 8; Collins, Idaho (USMN). 

Synonyms-Dicranomyia adjecfa Doaxle, 1908, Ent News 

19:8. 

Syntypes 8 0; Stanford University, Santa Clara County, 

Cali. (CAS). Limonia nitidiuscula Alexander, 1927, U. S. 

Natl. Mus. Proc. 72 (2):6-7, fig. 4 (3 hyp.). 

Holotype 8; Marshfield, Oregon (USNM). 

Bellamy -11.). Kern River Canyon, 9.8 mi. upriver from 

mouth, IV-14-62 (R. E. Bell-, 5125, Bellamy ell.). 

MARIN Co.: Mill Valley, X-16-!% (H. B. Leech, CAS). 

MARIFOSA Co.: Yosemite National Park, Badger Pass, 7200 Geographic range.-British Columbia; Alaska, California, 

feet, VII-12-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Miami Ranger Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. 

Station, VII-2546 (H. P. Chandler, CAS). MENDOUNO Co.: California -~s.-DEL NO- CO.: State Line Creek, 

S fork of Eel River, near Leggett, VII-2 1-58 (C. P. Alexander, border California4regon on Highway 199, 1700 feet, VIII- 

CPA) . Russian Gulch State Park, VII-2048 (C. P. Alexander, 9-48 (C P. Alexander and K. M. Fender, CPA). EL Do- 

CPA). MONTEREY Co.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings CO.: Upper Echo Lake, Freeborn Cabin, 7500 feet, VI1347 

Reservation, N-3043, VI-1/17-48, IV-12-51 (J. Linsdale, (C. P. Alexander, CPA). HUMBOLDT Co.: Prairie Creek State 

HR); Robertson Creek, VI-1548 (J. Linsdalq HR). SAN Park, VII-30,31-45, VIII-10-48, VII-2458 (C. P. Alexander, 

BERNARDINO Co.: San Bernardino Mountnins, Barton Mats, CPA). -SA Co.: Yosemite National Park, Mariposa 

6300 feet, VII-1446 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); IX-6 Grove, VII-2146 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MENDOUNO Co.: 

(J. L. Sperry, CPA). SAN DIEGO Co.: Borrego, Lower Tub Russian Gulch State Park, W-2&58 (C. P. Alexander, 

Canyon, 1100 feet, 1-17-47 (N. Crickmer, CPA). Palomar CPA). SAN MA- Co.: Westridge, X-25-57 (P. H. Amaud, 

Mountain, Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VII-3/6-45 (J. A. Com- CAS). SANTA CLARA CO.: Corte Madera Creek, Palo Alto, 

stock, CPA); VII-12-46, at light (C.P. Alexanderand J. A. V-15-06, X-12-07 (R. W. he); types of adjecta. Stanford 

Comstock, CPA). SISKIY~U CO.: Grass Lake, VI-22-64 (D. University, VI-1909 (R. W. Doane, CAS); Woodside, near 

G. Denning, CPA). TEHAMA CO.: Near Lassen Volcanic Park, Stanford University, IV-4-06 (R. W. Doane, CAS). Tu- 

VI-15-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). I\uLARE Co.: Kings Canyon CO.: Sequoia National Park, Giant Forest, Deer Creek at 

National Park, at Sawed Tree, VI-7-63 (C P. Alexander, Visitor‘s Center, 6400 feet, VI-19-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA) ; 

CPA). Ndson Creek, Camp Nelson, SO00 feet, V-19,2!343 Log Meadow, in hollows of Sequoia gigantea, VII-2046, VII- 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Sequoia National Park, VI22842 4-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

(0. mer, CPA); Giant Forest, Deer Creek at visitor’s 

center, 6400 feet, IV-19-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Round 

Subgenus Idiogrochina Alexander 

Meadows, VII-846 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). T~OLUMNE 

Co.: Tuolumne, 3 mi. NE along N fork of Tdumne River, 

Dicranomyia (Idioglochina) Alexander, 1921, Canad. Ent 53: 

V-13-61 (R. M. Brown, CAS). 

207. 

Limonia (Geranomyia) guatemalensis (Alexander) 

(Fig. 252) 

Limonia (Zdioglochina) marmorata (Osten Sacken) 

(Figs. 59,254; Map 65) 

Dicraziomyia marrnorata Osten Sacken, Acad. Nat Sci. Phila. 

Proc. 1861:288.

86 BUNetin of the California Znsect Survey 

SANTA BARBARA Co.: San Migd Island, 1937, (T. D. A. 

codrerell, CPA). SONOMA Co.: Petalum4 IV-29-38 (E. C- 

Johnston, CAS). Stewarts Point, VIII-1742 (W. C Bentinck, 

CIS ) . 

This is the only marine crane fly in the state. The 

habits and immature stages have been described by 

L. G. Saunders (Ent Soc America Ann. 21:537-540, 

fig. 7; 1928, as Dicranomyia signipennis Coquillett). 

Subgenus Limonia Meigen 

Limonia Meigen, 1803, Illiger's Mag. 2:262. 

._ I= 3" Y I" Iy .I .. 

" " 

-I-. , ----- 

Map 65. Locality records m California for Limonia (Zdioglochina) 

marmorata (Osten Sacken) (circles). 

Sptypes 2 8 ; "California" (MCZ). 

Synonyrns.-Dicranomyia signipennii Coquillett, 1905, N. Y. 

Ent Soc. Jour. 13:56-57. 

Holotype 8; Eureka, Humboldt County, Calif. (USNM). 

Dicranornyia rhipidioides Alexander, 1918, Canad Ent 50: 

381-382. 

Holotype 8; Alameda County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Bntish Columbia; California, Oregon, 

Washington (marine). 

California records.-"Californi" without exact data 

(Alexander Agassiz, MU); type of marmorata. ALAMEDA CO.: 

V-26-15 (M. C. Van Duzee, CPA); type of rhipidioidea. Bay 

Farm Island, 1-13-40 (R. G. DaN, CAS). Berkeley, University 

campus, V-1-58 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). DEL NO- e.: 

Smith River, 111-948, WI-148 (R W. Coleman, CPA, 

CIS). HUMEZOLDT co.: ~urdra; ~1-5-03 (H. S. Barbet. 

USNM); type of signipennis. MARIN CO.: Muir Beach, V-30- 

46 (E. L. Kessel, CAS). Sauaalito, IV-2-1876 (Osten Sacken. 

Ma). MENDOUNO Co.: Russian Gulch State Park, VII-20- 

58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONTERIEY Co.: Paci6c Grove, 

pupa in intertidal algal zone, XII-28-60 (J. C. Hitchcodr); 

emerged 1-4-61 (Bellemy Coll., 9 on slide). Kirk Creek, 

VIII-1062 (E. I. Schlinger, UCR). Plaskett Creek, VIII- 

7-62 (E. I. Schlinger, UCR). SAN FRANCISCO Co.: Farallon 

Island, XI-18-49 (E. S. Ross, CAS). San Francisco, mossy 

rocks on beach, IV-28-65 (G. Black, P. H. Amaud, J. D. 

Birchim, CPA).SAN Lm 0~1Spo Co.: Cayucos, in copula, 

V-2-62 (R. W. Thorp, CIS). Shell Beach, II-15-54 (P. H. 

Amaud, CAS). SAN MATICO Co.: Montara, V-15-52 (0. 

Bryant, CAS). Moss Beach, on intertidal rocks, IX-2235 

(E. C. Van Dyke, CAS); 111-2148 (W. W. Wirth, CIS). 

w Y u Y I" Y *I. I. I" S!. 

Map 66. Locality recod in California for Limonia (Limonia) 

€n?ati@na (Coquillett) (circles). 

Limonia (Limonia) bestigma (Coquillett ) 

(on type label bistigma) 

(Map 66) 

Limnobia bestigma Coquillett, 1905, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 

13:57. 

Holotype 9; Bear Lake, British Columbia (USNM). 

Synonym--Lrmonia trihtarik Alexander, 1943, Canad Ent 

75: 14-16. 

Holotype 3; Crescent City, Del Norte County, Calif. 

(-A). 

Geographic r-British Columbia; California, Oregon, 

WaShinpton. 

California ~S.-ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley, V-15-15 (M. 

C. Van Duzee, CAS). CONTRA COSTA Co.: Redwood Canyon, 

V-29-15 (M. C. Van bee, CAS). DEL Nom Co.: Crescent 

City, VIII-1/340 (H. K. Townes, CPA); type of tributaria. 

26.5 mi. NE of Crescent City, VI-22-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). 

State Line Brook, border of California-Oregon on Highway 

199, VII-27-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). HUMBOLDT Co.: 

Prairie Creek State Park, VII-30-46, VIII-9,10+8, VII-1,2- 

- 

-.ma-

50, VII-9,10-53, VII-23,2448 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

MARIN CO.: Muir Woods, V-19-15 (M. C. Van DUE-, 

CAS); V-30-64 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Co.: 

Yosemite National Park, Merced Grove Big Trees, VI-27-59 

(D. W. Price, UCD). MENWCLNO Co.: Russian Gulch State 

Park, VII-20-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN DECO CO.: 

Borrego, VI-11-49 (E. S. Ross, CAS). SAN FRANcIsco CO.: 

San Francisco, V-28-24 (E. H. Nast, CAS). SANTA CLARA 

Co.: Stanford University, no exact date (R. W. m% CAS). 

SONOMA Co.: Jenner, V-8-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). TUOLUMNE 

Co.: Eureka Valley Forest Camp, Middle Fork of Stanislaus 

River, 6000 feet, VI-28-57 (C. P. Alader, CPA). 

The species is closely related to the European 

Limonia (Limonia) fripuncfafa Fabricius, the type of 

the genus, differing in the structure of the male hypopygium, 

particularly the dististyle. 

Limonia (Limonia) rndicosfa (Coquillett) 

Limnobia maarlicosta Coquillett, 1905, N. Y. Eat Soc. Jour. 

13:57. 

Holotype 9; Kokanee Mountain, British Columbia 

(USNM). 


Colorado, Mmtana, eastward to Vermont, Virginia; Japan. 

California recods.-D~~ NO- Co.: Smith River, sea 

level, VII-29-48 (R. W. Coleman, CPA). MONO CO.: Warren 

Creek, near Tioga Pass, 8000 feet, VII-18-50 (C P. 


Map 67. Locality records in California for Limonia (Limonia) 

nubeculw sciopnira (0s- SacLen) (circles). 


Limonia (Limonia) nubeculosa sciophila 

(Osten Sacken) 

(Figs. 16, 60, 255; Map 67) 

fimnobia sC;ophila aten Sacken, 1877, U. S. Geol. and Geog. 


Syntypes 8 0; Marin, San Mateo, and Sonoma Counties, 

Calif. (MCZ). 


Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Washington,Wyoming. 

California recods.--A CO.: Berkeley, W-2bV- 

9-08 (E. T. Cresson, Jr., ANSP); V-14-19 (E. P. Van bee, 

CAS); Strawberry Canyon, IV-8/10-58 (D. D. Linsdale, 

CIS). Woolsey Canyon, V-11-48 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS). 

AMADOR Co.: Masonic caves, IX-3-61 (R. E. Graham, 

AMNH). CALAVERAS Co.: Cave City Cave, VI-13-60, VIII- 

29-61 (R. E. Graham, AMNH). Caw of Catac~mbs, VIII- 

22-63 (R. E. Graham, AMNH). Shaw's Cave, VIn31-61, 

VIII-15-62 (R E. Graham, AM"). Wool Hollow Cave, 

VIII-17-62 (R. E. Graham, AM"). CONTRA COSTA co.: 

Moraga, VI-13-65 (D. G. Denning, CPA). DEL NOR"E CO.: 

26.5 mi. NE of Crescent City, VI-22-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). 

State Liie Brook, border California-Oregon on Highway 199, 

1700 feet, VIII-948 (C. P. Alexander and K. M. Fender, 

CPA); VII-27-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). EL DORAW Co.: 

Soldier Creek Cave, IX-3-61 (R. E. Graham, AM"). 

HUIUB~LDT Co.: Fieldbrook, V-30-05 (H. S. Barber, USNM). 

Prairie Creek State Park, VII-31-46, VII-10-53, VII-23-58 

(C. P. Alexander. CPA). MADERA Co.: Bascl Lake, VII-1- 

46 (H. P. Chandler, CAS). Co.: Inverness, W4/7- 

63 (P. H. Amaud, CAS). Mill Valley, V-16-26 (E. P. Van 

Dusee, CAS); XII-2-49 (H. B. Leech, CAS). Muir Woods, 

VIII-30-08 (E. T. C-SOII, ANSP); V-3064, XI-7-65 (D- 

G. CPA). Redwood bw, V-17-08 (E. T. Cre~son, 

ANSP). San Rafael, IV, V-1876 (0s- Sackem, MCZ); 

types. Samuel P. Taylor State Park, V-8-49 (P. H. Arnaud, 

CAS). M~IPOSA Co.: Yosemite National Park, Wawona, 

5000 feet, VI-S-39 (k Dowries, CPA). MENwcmO 03.: 

Russian Gulch State Park, VII-20-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Van Damme Beach State Park, VII-20-58 (C P. 

Alexander, CPA). MONO CO.: Mammoth Lakes District, Coldwater 

Creek, 9OOO feet, VII-27-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

MONTEREY CO.: Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park, VII-11-58 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). salinas, at light, IV-3-61 (W. H. 

Lange, UCD). Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, 

XI-3-38, IV-29-V-1-44 (J. Linsdale, CPA). Los Padres 

National Forest, !blmon Creek, V-2-64 (C. P. Alexander and 

C. D. Hynes, CPA). NEVADA Co.: Rush Creek, along Highway 

45, V-24-64 (D. G. Denning, CPA). SAN DIEGO CO.: 

Palomar Mountain, Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VII-11,1246 (C. 

P. Alexander and J. A. Canstock, CPA) . SAN FRANCISCO Co. : 

San Francisco, XI-3-25 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS); 111-29-27 

(C. L. Fo~ CAS); 11-28-51 (P. P- COO& CAS). SAN MATEO 

Co.: Corte Madera Creek, near Portola, V-23-49 (P. 

H. Amaud, CAS). Memorial Park, VIII-12-59 (P. H. Arnaud, 

CAS). Menlo Park, 111-25-1876 (Osten SacLen, MCZ); types. 

Poftola State Park, Pescadero Creek, Iv-23-64 (C P. 

Alexander, CPA). Redwood City, XI-11-43, X-1-46 (P. 

H. Amaud, CAS). Skyline Boulevard, V-1949 (P. H. Amaud, 

CAS). SANTA CLARA (3.: Corte Madera Creek, Palo Alto, 

V-15-06, X-6-07 (R W. Doane, CAS). Stanford University, 

IV-5,20-09 (R. W. Doane, CAS). SANTA CRUZ Co.: Empire 

Cave, VIII-7-62 (R. E. Graham, AMNH). Waddell Creek,


X-27-29, IV-25/29-30 (F. Bianchi, CAS). SHASTA 0.: 

Burney, Hatchet Creek, 4000 feet, VII-9-47 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Lassen Volcanic National Park, Reflection Lake, 5880 

feet, VII-23-50 (C. P. Alexander and P. H. Arnaud, CPA); 

VII-29-59 (C. P. Alexander, CPA) . SONOMA CO.: Geryserville, 

V-1876 (Osten Sacken, MCZ); types. Jenner, V-8-58 (D. D. 

Linsdale, CIS). 4 mi. W of Plantation, V-1-58 (D. D. Linsdale, 

CIS). Stewarts Points, 111-3149, reared from nest of a 

red tree mouse (Phenacomys longicauda), (W. W. Middlekauff, 

CIS). TRINITY CO.: Hall City Cave, (R. E. Graham, 

AM”). TULARE Co.: Sequoia National Park, VI-6/8-42 

(0. Degener, CPA). 

Subgenus Mefalimnobia Matsumura 

Mefdimbia Matsumura, 1911, Tohoku Imp. Univ. Col. Agr. 

Jour. 4 (1):64. 

Limonia (Metalimnobia) californica (Osten Sacken) 

(Figs. 62, 256) 

Li-bia califomica Osten Sacken, Acad. Nat Scii Phila. 

Proc. 1861:288. 

Holotype 8; “California” (MCZ). 

Geographic zan&.-British Columbia; California, Oregon, 

Washington. 

California zecotds.-“lifomia” without exact data 

(Alexander Agassiz, Ma); type. MARIN Co.: Alpine Lake, 

1-5-63 (J. F. Lawrence and J. A. Powell, CIS); reared ex 

fungus Gdenna bmwnii. 

Subgenus Rhipidia Meigen 

Rhipidia Meigen, 1818, Syst Beschr. Zw& Ins. 1:153. 

Limonia (Rhipidia) Alexander, 1942, ann. State Geol. and 

Nat Hist Survey Bd. 64:326-329. 

The species recorded below as duplicata (Doane) 

had long been known as maculata Meigen, a preoccupied 

name. It had appeared that the next valid name 

for the species was Zeconfei Alexander, but it now is 

known that duplicata, which formerly was believed 

to be in Dicranoznyia, actually represents this species 

and apparently is the earliest available name for this 

common and widespread fly. 

Limonia (Rhipidia) duplicata (Doane) 

(Figs. 61, 257; Map 68) 

Dicranomyia duplicata Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent SOC. Jour. 

8:185-186, pl. 7, fig. 12 (wing). 

Holotype 0; Tokeland, Washington (USNM). 

Synonyms.-Rhipidia mdafa Meigem, 1818, Syst Beschr. 

Zweifl. Ins. 1:153 (Preocc.). 

Limonia (Rhipidia) lecontei Alecmander, 1940, her. Midland 

Nat 24:624-625. 

Holotype 8 ; Mount Leconte, Tennessee (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Alberta, British Columbia; Alaska, California, 

eastward; Eurasia 

Cdifom‘a records.-&AMELwi CO.: Berkeley, V-12-58 (D. 

D. Linsdale, CIS). Straw- Canyon, VI-2-48 (CIS). DEL 

Nom Co.: Klamath, VII-1-48 (R. W. Coleman, CPA). 

HUMBoLDT CO.: Orick, VIII-9-48 (R. W. Coleman, CPA). 

Map 68. Locality records in California for Limonia (Rfipidia) 

duplicata (Doane) (circles). 

Prairie Creek State Park, VII-30-48 (C. P. Alexander, CPA) . 

MARIN Co.: Invemess, W-4/7-63 (P. H. Amaud, CAS). 

Mill Valley, VI-2148 (H. B. Leech, CAS). MENDOUNO CO.: 

MacKerricher State Park, Cleone Lake, VII-20-58 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Mendocino, VII-1948 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). MONTEREY CO.: Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park, VII-11- 

58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN LUIS OBlspo Co.: Dune Lake, 

V-2-58 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). SANTA CLARA Co.: Palo Alto, 

VII-8-1895, V-23-06 (R. W. h e , CAS). Woodside, near 

Palo Alto, IV-Q-06 (R. W. Doane, CAS). SANTA CRUZ CO.: 

Ben hond, 1500 feet, V-30-45 (L. W. Saylor, CPA). 

Genus Thaumastoptera Mik 

Thaumasfoptera Mik, 1866,Zool.-Bot Ges. Wien. Verh. 16:302. 

Thaumasfopfera is a small but very distinct genus 

including seven recent species and a single fossil form 

occurring in the Baltic Amber. The distribution of the 

recent species as known is very discontinuous, with 

two found in Europe and a single species occurring in 

each of southern India, the Philippines, Madagascar, 

South Africa, and western North America. 

The finding of the latter species by Dr. C. Dennis 

Hynes was one of the more notable discoveries in recent 

years. The case-bearing larvae of the genotype 

dceata Mik are aquatic in cold springs (Lenz, Fr., 

1919, Arch. fiir Naturgesch. 85A:114-136, 28 figs.). 

Thaumastoptera hynesi Alexander 

(Figs. 66, 260)

Thaurnastoptera hynesi Alexander, 1964, Great Basin Nat. 

24:20-21. 

Holotype 8; Santa Lucia Mountains, Monterey County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California record.-MONTEREY CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, 

Los Padres National Forest, Spruce Creek, a tributary of 

Salmon Creek, VI-25-62 (C. D. Hynes, CPA); type. 

Tribe PEDICIINI 

Alexander, C. P. in Stone, Sabrosky, Wirth, Foote, and Coulson, 



A small tribe that is chiefly Holarctic in distribution 

with a few species of Pedicia (Tricyphona) occurring 

in Australia, New Zealand, and southern South 

America. Representatives of the two subtribes Ul&a 

and Pedicaria are found in California. 

The wing venation in this tribe is very variable 

and plastic, and abnormal individuals are common 

in both genera Pedicia and Dicranota. Of particular 

interest is the tendency for veins MI and 1Mt to fuse 

to the wing margin, eliminating cell M,, a condition 

that is found in typical Pedicia, Tricyphona, and 

Dicranota. 

1 

2 

3 

KEY TO THE GENERA OF PEDICIINI 

Wings with membrane provided with abundant macrotrichia 

(fig. 267) (separate key, p. 89) ULA Haliday 

Wings with cells glabrous . . . . . . . . . 2 

Frontal prolongation of head produced into a short 

beak, approximately one-half of the remainder of 

the head or more; venation (fig. 268) (separate 

key, p. 89) . . . . . ORNITHODES Coquillett 

Frontal prolongation of head not produced into a beak 3 

Sue large (wing of male usually over 7 mm in fullywinged 

species, in most cases longer); antennae 

commonly with 14 or 16 segments; wings usually 

patterned with darker; cell 1st M P generally closed 

(figs. 269-279) (separate key, p. 90) . . . . 

Size smaller (wing of male under 7 mm in fullywinged 

species, rarely longer) ; antennae with either 

13 or 15 segments; wings usually unpatterned except 

for the stigmal darkening; cell M P generally 

open by the atrophy of m (figs. 280-286) (separate 

key, p. 96 ) . . . . . . DICRANOTA Zetterstedt 

Subapterous species in California include Pedicia 

(Tricyphona) degenerata, P. (T.) subaptera, and Dicranota 

(Plectromyia) reducta tehamicola, as discussed 

under these names. 

Genus Ula Haliday 

Ula Haliday, 1833, Ent. Mag. (London) 1:153. 


PEDICIA Latreille 

A small genus of Holarctic and Oriental crane flies, 

with a single species presently known from California. 

The immature stages are fungicolous. The affinities of 

the genus are very isolated and puzzling in their 

various developmental stages, combining characters of 

the tribes Pediciini and Hexatomini, the adults being 

Pediciine while the larvae are essentially more as in 

the Hexatomini. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ULA 

1 Wings patterned, the stigma yellow, darkened at 

either end, with further infuscations at origin of 

Rs and over the cord; antennae short, if bent 

backward ending before the halteres; male hypopygium 

with the interbase and phallosomic dements 

elongate, exserted; posterior borders of tergite and 

sternite medially produced . . elegans Osten Sacken 


Wings without darkened pattern other than the pale 

brown stigma; antennae of male elongate, if bent 

backward extending about to base of third abdominal 

segment; male hypopygium with the interbase 

of phallosomic elements small and inconspicuous; 

posterior borders of tergite and sternite 

not conapicuously produced (fig. 267) . . . . 

Ula (ma) paupera Osten Sacken 

(Figs. 267, 287) 

paupera Osten Sacken 

Ula paupera Osten Sacken, 1869, Mon. Dipt N. Amer. 4:277. 

Holotype 0; Washington, D. C. (MCZ). 

Geographic range.-Yukon, eastward to Nova Scotia, 

Quebec: Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. 

California rewrds.-DEL NORTE CO.: Klamath, at light, 

VIII-1-48 (R. W. Coleman, CPA). HUMBOLDT Co.: Prairie 

Creek State Park, at fish hatchery, VIII-9-48 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). MENWCINO CO.: Russian Gulch State Park, 

VII-20-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Genus Ornithodes Coquillett 

Ornithodes Coquillett, 1900, Pap. Harriman Alaska Exped. 

IX. Entomological results (3): Diptera: 400. 

The only known species are the two indicated in 

the key. Nothing is known of the early stages, but 

from the habits and occurrence of the adults they presumably 

are much as in Pedicia and Dicranota. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ORNITHODES 

1 Size large (wing of male about 15 mm or more); 

rostrum elongate, subequal to or longer than the 

remainder of head; male hypopygium with emargination 

of tergite narrowly U-shaped, its width 

about equal to the basel diameter of either lobe . 

harrimani Coquillett 


Size smaller (wing of male about 14 mm or less); 

rostrum about one-half the remainder of head; male 

hypopygium with emargination of tergite broad and 

shallow, the width exceeding twice the basal diameter 

of either lobe (figs. 268, 288) . . . . 

brevirostris Alexander


Ornithodes brevirostris Alexander 

(Figs. 268, 288) 

Ornithodes harrimani brevirostris Alexander, 1955, Ent News 

66: 18. 

Holotype 8 ; Tamarack Flats, Mount Rose Highway, Nevada 

(CPA) . 

Geographic range.-California, Nevada. 

California MONO Co.: Mammoth Lakes District, 

along Coldwater Creek, 9OOO feet, VII-S/7-!57 (all males); 

VII-27-57 (one female, no males), (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

The species was abundant at this time, being in 

evidence chiefly at dusk. The males were found flying 

almost at soil level in wet places, evidently searching 

for the females. 

Genus Pedicia Latreille 

Pedicia Latreille, 1809, Gen. Crust. et Ins. 4:255. 

The genus as here recognized includes the larger 

members of the tribe, especially in the typical subgenus, 

with some of the larger and more striking crane 

flies of the country. European students of the family 

have recognized still other subgeneric groups, including 

Crunobia Kolenati and Amdopis Haliday, but at 

the present time it does not appear necessary to use 

these further divisions. The immature stages occur in 

wet to saturated organic soil along streams or in 

seepage areas, in cases being virtually aquatic in the 

larval stage. 

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SPECIES OF PEDICIA 

1 Sue large (wing commonly about 20 nun or more); 

wings whitened, with a characteristic brown pattern 

that includes the costal border and a seam along 

vein Cu, interconnected over the cord to form a 

triangular darkened area (figs. 269, 270) ... 

PEDICIA Latreille 2 

Size smaller (wing of largest local species about 16 

mm, commonly less than 12 mm); wing pattern 

when present not as described (figs. 271-279) . 

TRICYPHONA Z-erstedt 6 

2 Wings with cell M I lacking (lig. 269); (posterior 

border seamed with brown) . bellamyana Alexander 

Wings with cell MI present (fig. 270) ..... 3 

3 Posterior border of wing seamed with brown ... 

rnagnitica (Hie) 

(Extralimital: Oregon ) 

Posterior border of wing clear ....... 4 

4 Darkened seam along vein Cu continued to wing 

margin along vein Cut; male hypopygium with 

apex of basistyle extended into an elongate spine . 

parvicellda Alexander 


Darkened seam along vein Cu ending at the cord, the 

distal section of CUI not darkened; male hypopy- 

gium with apex of basistyle obtuse ..... 5 

5 Male hypopygium with dististyle terminal, broadly 

fused with apex of basistyle, the modified setoid 

spines reddish; no brush of setae on basistyle; lobes 

of tergite slender, their length about three times 

the width, tips subacute; venation (fig. 270) 

(< 

I 

6 

7 

8 

(Oregon Report, p. 52, fig. 14) . obtusa Osten Sacken 

Male hypopygium (fig. 289) with dististyle subterminat, 

the modified setoid spines blackened; 

apex of basistyle produced into a broad obtuse 

glabrous blade with a brush of long reddish setae 

at base of dististyle; lobes of tergite short and 

broad, their length and width subequal, tips 

obtuse ......... subobtusa Alexander 

Wings greatly reduced in both sexes, very nmw, 

stenopterous, the length less than 3 mm, greatest 

width less than 0.5 mm, outer half darkened, with 

a whitened spot before outer end, venation greatly 

distorted ....... subaptera (Alexander) 

Wigs normally developed, when more reduced 

[degenerata) more than 4 mm lmg, hyaline, the 

pectinate venation clearly evident ..... 7 

Wings with cell M r open by atrophy of Vein Ms 

to produce a pectinate venation (fig. 272) . . 8 

Wigs with cell 1st M 2 closed or with cell M 2 open 

by the atrophy of m to produce a bifurcate appearance 

(figs. 273-279) ......... 9 

Wings normally developed (6g. 272); general colora- 

tion of thorax dark brown, pleura in cases more 

brownish gray; hypopygium (fig. 290) .... 

apeda (Coquillett) 

Wigs semiatrophied but with the venation clearly 

apparent; general coloration of thorax yellowed, 

the praescutum with a dark brown central stripe. 

degenerata (Alexander) 

9 Vein Rt+s+r present, cell Rs petiolate (fig. 278) . 10 

Vein R4+s present, cell Rs sessile (figs. 273-277, 

10 

279) ................ 15 

Wigs almost uniformly fulvous, unpattemed, including 

the stigma; Ra+~+g subequal to basal section 

of Rs ........ rubigimsa (Alexander) 

(Extralimital: Alberta, British Columbia) 

Wings patterned with brown; R 1+s+4 long, basal see 

tion of R 5 very short to lacking, in cases with r-m 

before fork of Rs ........... 11 

11 A supernumerary clossyein in cell Rs (fig. 278) 12 

No supernumerary crossveins in cells of wing . . 14 

12 

13 

14 

Male hypopygium with dististyle bearing a long erect 

spine at base (fig. 292) ... biwmata Alexander 


Male hypopygium with dististyle a simple rod (figs. 

293, 299) .............. 13 

Interbase of hypopygium short and stout, terminating 

in two subequal spines (fig. 293) ..... 

bidentifera Alexander 

Interbase an elongate simple rod, narrowed outwardly 

into an acute spine (fig. 299); venation (fig. 278) 

gimplicistyla Alexander 

Ninth tergite of hypopygium broad, posterior border 

subtruncate, with two small widely separated lobes; 

apex of basistyle long and slender; dististyle with 

two subequal branches, one terminating in a blackemed 

spinoid seta; aedeagus small and weak, 

shorter than remainder of phallosome (fig. 294) 

constans (Doane) 

Ninth tergite long, narrowed outwardly, terminating 

in two small lobes that are subequal in width to 

the intervening emargination; apex of basistyle 

broad; dististyle with three unequal branches, two

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

of which terminate in a single blackened spinoid 

seta; aedeagus elongate, exceeding the remainder 

of phallosome (fig. 297) ........ 

Wings with vein R p elongate, longitudinal in position, 

subequal to vein Rp+a or from four to five times 

as long as vein RI+~ 

(figs. 17, 275) (Washington 

Report, p. 294, fig. 17) ... protea (Alexander) 

Vein R 2 short, transverse, simulating a crossvein, subequal 

to vein RI+P (figs. 271, 273, 274, 276, 

277, 279) .............. 16 

Wings with a darkened pa- 


additional to the 

stigma ............... 17 

Wings unpattemed except for the darkened stigma 

when this is present ........... 20 

Wing pattern heavy (Washington Report, p. 298, 

fig. 24) .......... tacorna Alexander 

(Extralimital: Washington) 

Wing pattan mstricted, without darkenings basad 

of cord ............... 18 

Wings with a darkened spot at origin of Rs; outer 

radial field extensively inf-ted 

mecrophallus ectaeon Alexander 

. exoloma (Doane) 

No darkening at origin of Rs; radial field not infuscated 

............... 19 

Darkened wing pattern very restricted, the general 

color of entire wing infuscated; Rs shorter than 

R e+s, r-m near base of Rs (fig. 273); size smaller, 

wing of male under 10 mm; male hypopygium 

(fig. 295) ......... disphana (Doane) 

Darkened wing pattern more extensive, the ground 

color subhyaline; Rs long, exceeding R Z+S, r-m 

near base of R~+s; size large, wing of male over 

12 mm (Washington Report, p. 294, fig. 18) . 

rainieria Alexander 


Wings with cell R4 long-petiolate, vein Rc+s being 

one-fourth the cell or more, exceeding m-cu (fig. 

276) ................ 

Cell Rr short-petiolate, vein R4+5 less than onesixth 

the cell or shorter than mcu (figs. 271, 

274, 277, 279) ............ 

Wings with cell 1st Mt closed (fig. 276) ... 

Cell Mz open by atrophy of vein m ...... 

Cell 1st MI small, shorter than vein Ms, m connecting 

with MI+Z far before the fork (fig. 276); 

wing weakly patterned to virtually clear (vitripennjs) 

...... aepfenfrionafis (Bergroth) 

Cell 1st MI elongate, exceeding MS. m connecting 

with MI beyond the fork (Washington Report, 

p. 298, fig. 25) ..... townesiana Alexander 

Antennae of male short, less than ane-fourth the 

wing; male hypopygium with apical lobe of 

basistyle provided with abundant blackened setoid 

spinules; dististyle simple (Oregon Report, p. 52, 

fig. 21) ......... glacialis (Alexander) 


Antennae of male elongate, exceeding one-half the 

wing; male hypopygium with apical lobe of 

basistyle a flattened glabrous yellow blade; 

dististyle bilobed 

(Oregon Report, p. 52, fig. 

18) ......... camdensis Alexander 


Male hypopygium with the dististyle terminating in 

five spines or slender lobes (ampla and allies) 

(fig.300) .............. 25 

Male hypopygium with the dististyle a simple blade 

or rod (figs. 291, 296, 298) ........ 28 

25 Size large (wing 16 mm or more) . ampla (Doane) 


Sue smaller (wing about 14 mm or less) ... 26 

26 Wings in both sexes reduced to a linear strip 

(stenopterous) (see also couplet 6) .... 

subaptera (Alexander) 

Fully winged in both sexes ........ 27 

27 General coloration of thorax gray; venation (fig. 

271 ) ........ cinereicolor Alexander 

General coloration of thorax yellowed, male hypopygium 

(fig. 300) ...... truncata Alexander 

28 Wings with cell Ma open by the atrophy of m 

(figs. 274, 277) ............ 29 

Wings with cell 1st M g closed (fig. 279) ... 31 

29 Wings subhyaline; Rs long, more than one-half R2+s 

(fig. 277); male hypopygium (fig. 298) ... 

shastensis Alexander 

Wings strongly tinged with fulvous ...... 30 

30 Wings with stigma pale brown, distinct (fig. 274); 

male hypopygium (a 296) . hynesiana Alexander 

Wings with stigma pale yellow or not dilf-tiated 

from the ground ..... fulviwlor Alexander 

31 Male hypopygium with outer lobe of basistyle relatively 

slender, provided with small setoid spines; 

dististyle fused with the basistyle, long and slender, 

parallel-sided, tip narrowly obtuse; interbase stout, 

mding abruptly in a small apiculate spine (Oregon 

Report, p. 52, fig. 20) ... fenderiana Alexander 


Male hypopygium (fig. 291) with outer lobe of 

basistyle massive, the setoid spines relatively 

sparse; dististyle short and broad, slightly expanded 

outwardly, tip broadly obtuse; interbase nar- 

rowed gradually into a needlelike spine .... 32 

21 32 Wings slightly fulvous brown; male hypopygium 

(fig. 291) with stem of dististyle slender, less than 

half as long as the narrow interbase .... 

24 bianchii Alexander 

22 Wings weakly infuscated (fig. 279); male hypopygium 

23 

with dististyle short, its stem stout, only a little 

shorter than the interbase (Washington Report, 

p. 298, fig. 26) ....... unigera Alexander 

Subgenus Pedicia Latreille 

Pedicia Latreille, 1809, Gen. Crust. et Ins. 4:255. 

The members of this subgenus are recognized 

readily by the conspicuous wing pattern, as described 

Pedicia (Pedicia) bellamyana Alexander 

(Fig. 269) 

Pedicia (Pedicia) bellamyana Alexander, 1964, Great Basin 

Nat. 24:117-118. 

Holotype 8; Mineral King, Tulare County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographical range.-Known only from California. 

Cafiform’a records.-PLUMAS CO.: Benner Creek, 6 mi. 

NW of Chester on Juniper Lake Road, VIII-20-63 (L. Erwin, 

SJS); paratype. Nelson Creek, VIII-2-40 (W. R. Bauer, 

Co.: Gjzzly Maadows, 6500 fee&, Ix-9/15- 

CAS). TRINITY


64 (A. B. Gurney, CPA). TULARE CO.: Mineral King, IX-2- 

62 (R. E. Bellamy, CPA); type. 

Pedicia (Pedicia) obtusa Osten Sacken 

(Fig. 270) 

Pedicia obtusa Osten Sacken, 1877, U. S. Gd. and Wg- 


Holotype, sex not stated; near Sausalito, Marin County, 

Calif. (MCZ). 

Geographic ran&dlifomia, Oregon. 

California remrds.-EIL\RIN CO.: Sausalito, in the spring (H. 

Edwards, MCZ); type. SHASTA Co.: Lassen Volcanic National 

Park, Museum, IX-15-48 (&huh, CPA). S m CO.: St. 

Charles Hill, VII-7-21 (E. H. Nast, CAS). TEHAMA 0.: 

L-assen National Forest, Mineral, 5000 feet, IX-848 (L. 

Bodine, CPA) . 

Pedicia (Pedicia) parvicellula Alexander 

Pedicia (Pedicia) paxvicellula Alexander, 1938, Brooklyn Ent. 

Soc. Bul. 33:72-73. 

Holotype 0; Cypress Creek, Vancouver, British Columbia 

(CPA). 

Geographic range.-British Columbia; California, Colorado, 


California record;--Usinger (1956) List, Without further 

data. 

Pedicia (Pedicia) subobhrsa Alexander 

(Fig. 289) 

Pedicia (Pedicia) subobtusa Alexander, 1949, Bmoklyn Ent. 

SOC. Bul. 44:19-20. 

Holotype 8 ; Lake Tahoe, Placer County, Cali. (CPA). 


California record.--pLAum Co.: Lake Tahoe, 6ooo feet, 

VII-3-47 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); type. 

Subgenus Tricyphona Zetterstedt 

Tricyphona Zetterstedt, Fauna Ins. Lapponica descript, Isis 

(Oken) 1837:65. 

Tricyphona Zetterstedt, 1838, Ins. Lapponica, Dipt., p. 851. 

Synonym.-Amalopis Haliday, 1856, Ins. Brittanica, Dipt, 

3, add., p. N. 

The largest subgenus in Pedicia, including all of the 

small and medium-sized members of the genus, with 

numerous representatives in the state. 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) aperta (Cquillett) 

(Figs. 272, 290; Map 69) 

Tricyphna aperfa Coquillett, 1905, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 

13 : 59. 

Holotype 8 ; Kaslo, British Columbia (USNM). 


Colorado, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. 

California records.--FRR?3NO CO.: Kings Canyon National 

Park, Cedar Grove at Copper Creek parking aree, 5000 feet, 

VI-1-63; Swth Fork of Kings River, 4500 feet, VII-20-57; 

Zumwalt Meadows, South Fork of Kings River, 4700 feet, 

1 ," I ,. ", - I. 

." 

.,. ,. .D I" 

Map 69. Locality records in Cafiomia for Pedicia (Tricyphona) 

aperta (Coquillekt) (circles). 

VI-21-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Swale Camp, 64400 ft., 

VII-19-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MARIPOSA Co.: Yosemite 

National Park, Bridalveil Creek, 7050 feet, VII-24-46, VII- 

11-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONO Co.: Warren Creek, 

near W i g , 7500 feet, VII-18-50 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). NEVADA Co.: Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Mills, VII- 

4-62 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). PLACER Co.: Lake Tahoe, Squaw 

Creek, 6200 feet, VI-30-47; Truck- River, Deep Creek, 

5950 feet, VI-30-47 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). RnreRsIDE CO.: 

San Jacinto Mountains, Dark Canyon, 6000 feet, VII-2-58 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN BBRNARDINO Co.: San Bernardin0 

Mountains, Barton Flats, 6300 feet, VII-16,3146, IX- 

22-46 (N. Criclaner and J. L. Sperry, CPA). Barton Flats, 

6200 feet, VII-3-58 (C. P. Aleaander, CPA). SHASTA Co.: 

8 mi. SE of Bartle, VI-17-59 (G. W. Bym, UK). Burney 

Falls, VIII-1-58 (C. P. Alcuander, CPA). Castle Crags State 

Park, 2050 feet, VII-6-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Hatchet 

Pass, near Bumey, 4200 feet, VIII-13-48 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Lassen Volcanic National Park, 5880 feet, VII-23/26- 

50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Hat Laka, 6450 feet, VIII-8-58 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Reflection Lake, 5890 feet, VII- 

29-58, VIII-3,5-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SIERRA CO.: 

4.8 mi. SE of Sierraville, VI-14-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). 

SISKIYOU Co.: Mount Shasta, Panther Meadows, 7200 feet, 

VII-28-50, VII-2349 (C. P. Alexander, -A). TEHAMA CO.: 

Lassen National Forest, Mineral, 4900 feet, IX-15-48 (Sfhulz, 

CPA). TULARE CO.: Kings Canyon National Park, General 

Grant Tree, 7000 feet, VII-6-50. %quoia National Park, 

General Sherman Big Tree, VII-19-46; Giant Forest, Log 

Meadow, 6400 feet, VI-22-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

TUOLUMNE Co.: Strawberry, VII-4, VIII-7-60 (D. Q. 

Cavagnaru, CIS).

Alexander: The Crane Flies of Caliiornia 93 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) bianchii Alexander 

(Fig. 291) 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) bianchii, 1966, her. Ent Soc. Trans. 

92: 112, 113. 

Holotype 8; Waddell Creek, Santa Crut County, calif. 

(CAS). 

Geographic ran&e.-Known only from California. 

California record.r^."cA CRUZ CO.: Waddell Creek, 11- 

27-30 (F. Bianchi, CAS); type. 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) bidentifera Alexander 

(Fig. 293) 

Pediaa (Tricyphna) bidentifera Alexander, 1950, Ent. Naw~ 

6 1 : 29-30. 

Holotype 8; Hatchet Pass, Shasta County, Calif. (CPA). 


California records.-- Co.: Lamitas, V-20-28 (E. 

H. Nast, CAS). S"CA CO.: Castle Crags State Park, 2100 

feet, VII-6-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); VI-2- (D. G. 

Denning, CPA). Hatchet Pass, near Burney, 4000 feet, VII- 

9-47, VIII-12-48 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); typas. S~sKnroU 

Co.: Mount Shasta City, VI-18-59 (G. W. Byem, UK). 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) cinereiwlor Alexander 

(Fig. 271) 

Pedicia (Tricyphna) ampla cineraicolor Alexander, 1958, 

Great Basin Nat 18:32. 

Holotype 8; Intake Camp, Bishop Creek, Inyo County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California reCOnis.-INYO CO.: Middle fork of Bishop Creek, 

Intake Camp, 8000 feet, VII-8-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); 

types. MONO CO.: Mammoth Lakes District, Coldwater Creek, 

9000 feet, VII-28-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SHASTA CO.: 

Lassen Volcanic National Park, Hat Lake, 6450 feet, VIII- 

8-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) constans (Doane) 

(Fig. 294) 

Amalopis constans Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 8:196. 

Holotype 8 ; Olympia, Washington (USNM) 

Geographic range.-Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon; California, 


California records.-HUMBOLDT CO. : Willow Creek, V-9-6 1 


Pedicia (Tricyphona) hpeSiana Alexander, 1961, Great Basin 

Nat 21:14-15. 

Holotype 8 ; Salmon Creek, Montemy County, Calif. (-A). 


California record.-MoNTm?EY Co.: Santa Lucia Mountabs, 

Los Padres National Forest, Salmon Creek, IV-25-58 (C. I). 

Hynes, CPA). 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) macrophallus actaeon 

Alexander 

(Fig. 297) 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) macrophaJIus actaeon Alexander, 1947, 

Brooklyn Ent Soc. Bul. 42:132-133. 

Holotype 8; Prairie Creek State Park, Humboldt County, 

Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.--


California records.-DEL NO- CO.: State Lie Creek, 

California-Oregon border on Highway 199, 1700 fw VIII-9- 

48 (C. P. Alexander and fl M. Fender, CPA). HUMBOLDT 

Co.: Prairie Creek State Park, VIE1946 (C. P. Alexander, 

-A). MARIN Co.: Mill Valley, 111-13-26 (M. C. Van he, 

CPA); type. MONT-Y Co.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Los 

Padres National Forest, Salmon Creek, IV-25-58 (C. D. 

Hynes, CPA). SHASTA Co.: Castle Crags State Park, 2100 

feet, VIII-13-48 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SxSxlYOU Co.: 

Six Rivers National Forest (formerly Siskiyou National 

Forest), Madrona Forest Camp, VIII-1-46 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA) . 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) subaptera (Alexander) 

Limphila subaptera Alexander, 1917, Canad. Ent 49:207- 

208, fig. 8 (wing). 


(CPQ 

Synonym.-Peclicia (TI~c~P~oM) steensemis Alexander, 

1958, Great Basin Nat 18:33-35. 

Holotype 8; Fish Lake, Steans Mountains, Oregon (CPA). 

Geographic range.--california, Oregon. 

CaZifornia mrds.-E~ Do- Co.: Strawberry Valley, 

VIII-17-12 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS). FRgs" Co.: Bubbs 

Creek Canyon, Kings River, 9700 feet, VII-9-10 (E. P. 

Van hee, CPA). MA- Co.: Yosemite National Park, 

Yosemite Valley, VI-27-21 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS). MONO 

CO.: Ellery Lake, on boggy slopes, 9400 feet, VII-27-57 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). PLACER 0.: Deer Park, 6300 feet, VII- 

4/7-09 (R. W. Me, CAS); as subaptera. SIERRA Co.: 

Gold Lake, VII-18-21 (C. L. Fox, CAS). TUURH CO.: South 

fork of Kaweah River, SO00 feet, VII-2S15 (J. C. Bradley, 

CPA); type of subaptera. TUOLWN~ CO.: Tuolumne Meadows, 

along upper Tuolumne River, 8555 feet, VII-26-57 (C. 


Pedicia (Tricyphna) townesiana Alexander 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) towneSiana Alexander, 1942, Canad 

Ent 74:210-211. 


Geographic range.4lifomia, Oregon, Washington. 

California recoid.--TR~~~~ Co.: Trinity Alps, Grizzly 

Meadows, north of Thompson Peak, 6500 feet, IX-9/15-64 

(G. Buxton and A. B. Gurney, CPA). 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) tnrncata Alexander 

(Fig. 300; Map 71) 

Pedkia (Tricyphona) ample truncata Alexander, 1941, Canad. 

Ent 73:210-211. 

Holotype 8; San Jacinto Mountains, Tahquitz Valley, 

Riverside County, Calif. (CPA). 


California rec~rd~.-E~ DORAW Co.: Echo Portals, VII- 

20-58 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). Strawberry Valley, VIII-17-12 

(E. C. Van Dyke, CAS). Upper Echo Lake, Freeborn Cabin, 

7500 feet, VI1447 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). FRBSNO Co.: 

Swale Camp, 6400 feet, VII-19-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

KERN Co.: Greenhorn Mountains, Ranger Station, VI-25-61 

(W. J. Hog& CPA). Co.: Y-ite National Park, 

Bridalveil Creek, 7050 feet, VII-2246, VII-lO,llJO (C. P. 

". u 

,L ,* -4 1 

.P..I..,.h 

1 

Y .I I. .. 

Map 71. Locality records in California for Pedicia (Tricyphona) 

truncate Alemmder (circles) and P. (T.) Migera Alexander 

(triangles). 

Alexander, CPA). MONO CO.: 1 mi. SW of Tom's Place, VIII- 

9-61 (M. R. Lundgren, C. D. MacNeill, and D. C. Rentz, 

CAS). Warren Creek, near Leevining, 7500 feet, VII-18-50 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). NEVADA Co.: Sagehen Creek, near 

Hobart Mills, VI-25-54 (J. A. Powell, CIS). PLACER CO.: 

Deep Creek, Truckee River, 5950 feet, VI-30-47 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). RIVERSIDE Co.: San Jacinto Mountains, 

Tahquitz Valley, VI-3-40 (C. D. Michener, CPA); types. 

SAN BERNARDINO Co.: San Bernardino Mountains, Barton 

Flats, 6300 feet, VI-3-46 (J. L Sperry, CPA); VII-16-46 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA); MI-4-IX-11-46 (N. Crickmer 

and J. L. Sperry, CPA). SIFXRA CO.: 4.8 mi. SE of Sierraville, 

VI-14-59 (G. W. By- UK). TRINITY Co.: Scott Mountain, 

divide north of Trinity Center, VIII-2-60 (H. B. Lee&, 

CAS). TUL+ARE Co.: Kings Canyon National Park, near 

General Grant Big Tree, 7000 feet, VII-6-50. Sequoia National 

Park, Giant Forest, VII-13-28 (CAS); Round Meadow, 

VII-20-46 (C P. Al-der, CPA). 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) unigera Alexander 

(Fig. 279; Map 71) 

Pedicia CTricyphona) unigera Alexander, 1949, her. Midland 

Nat 42:299-300, fig. 23 (ven.), fig. 26 (Shyp.). 

Holotype 8 ; Hazel Creek, Willamette National Forest, Oregon 

(CPA). 

Geographic ran&.Alifomia, Oregon, Washington. 

Califorma records.-D~L NOW Co.: State Lie Creek, 

California-Oregon border on Highway 199, 1700 feet, VIII- 

9-48 (C. P. Alexander and K. M. Fender, CPA). HUMBOL~ 

Co.: Six Rivers National Forest, Trinity Alps, 10 mi. W of 

Willow Credr, VIII-1-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA).


Genus Dicranota Zetterstedt 

Dicranofa Zetterstedt, 1838, Ins. Lapponica, Dipt p. 851. 

Dicranota includes numerous species throughout 

the Holarctic region, with fewer representatives occurring 

at higher altitudes in the Oriental region The 

various subgenera are based almost solely on slight 

details of wing venation and are being maintained 

chiefly for convenience. The adult flies include the 

smallest species in the Pediciini. The carnivorous 

larvae occur in wet soil along streams, in boggy areas, 

and in other comparable places. Representatives of 

three subgenera have been found in California, while 

a fourth, the typical subgenus Dicranota, is regional 

and seems certain to occur. 

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SPECIES OF 

DICRANOTA 

1 Wings with supernumerary crossveins in certain 

cells (fig. 280) ............ 2 

No supernumerary crossveins in wing cells (figs. 281- 

286) ................ 3 

2 A supernumerary crossvein in cell Rz proximad of 

vein Rp ...... DICRANOTA Zetterstedt 


Supernumerary crossveins in cells Rz, Rs, R4 and 

M (fig. 280) ..... POLYANGAEUS Doane 

d a t a (Doane) 

3 Wings with cell MI lacking (fig. 286) .... 

PLBXROMYIA Osten Sack= 4 

Wings with cell MI present (figs. 281-285) ... 

RHAPHIDOLABIS 0s- Sacken 9 

4 

Male hypopygium with median lobe of ninth tergite 

elongate, longer than broad; apex of interbase 

bispinous (fig. 303) .......... 5 

Male hypopygium with median tergal lobe low and 

convex, much broader than long; interbase terminating 

in a simple spine (fig. 302) .... 7 

5 Apex of tergal lobe enlarged and conspicuously 

bilobed; antennae 15segmented. wings fully de- 

veloped or subatrophied . . petiolata (Alexander) 

(Ertralimital: Utah) 

Tergal lobe parallel-sided, apex truncate or virtually 

so (fig. 303); antennae 12- or 13-segmented . . 6 

6 Fully winged in both sexes . ducta ducta Alexander 

Wings greatly redwed, stenopterous, in both sexes 

7 

8 

reducta tehamiada Alexander 

Male hypopygium with dististyle enlarged, oval or 

subglobular in outline, more than one-half as broad 

as long (fig. 302); venation (fig. 286) .... 

lassenen& Alexander 

Male hypopygium with dististyle more slender, the 

breadth lees than one-half the len* .... 8 

Dististyle narrowed outwardly, apex obtusely rounded; 

basistyle with a conspicuous setifems lobe on 

mesal face (Washington Report, p. 302, fig. 34) 

nooksackiae Alexander 

(Extraliital: Washington) 

Dististyle widened outwardly, its apex emarginate; 

no lobe on mesal face of basistyle (Oregon Report, 

p. 57, fig- 28) ...... cadica Alexander 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 


General coloration of body yellow; male hypopygium 

with tergal arms produced caudad into long slender 

spines (Oregon Report, p. 57, fig. 32) ... 

xanthosoma Alexander 


General coloration of body brown or gray; male 

hypopygium not as above ........ 10 

Antennae of male elongate, exceeding one-half the 

wing or extending to beyond base of abdomen; 

male hypopygium with posterior margin of tergite 

including broad obtuse lateral lobes and slender 

intermediate lobules that are separated by a broad 

U-shaped emargination; venation (fig. 282) (Oregon 

Report, p. 57, fig. 30) . polymeroides (Alexander) 

Antennae of male short, not extending to the wing 

root; male hypopygium with tergite not as above . 11 

Wings with Sc short, Sc 1 ending opposite or before 

fork of Rs ............. 12 

Wings with Sc longer, SCI ending some distance 

beyond fork of Rs, usually opposite or beyond the 

fork of Rz+J+~ ............ 18 

Wings with r-m before fork of Rs, the latter very 

strongly arcuated, Rz+J+4 short, suberect (fig. 

284) ........... tehamaAlexander 

Wings with r-m at or beyond fork of Rs, the latter 

relatively long, angulated and m casem shortspurred 

beyond origin .......... 13 

Wings with cell R J petiolate; male hypopygium with 

tergal region not produced into lateral arms, the 

median region of posterior border with a small 

circular emargination behind which is a darkened 

area that bears numerous setae; basistyle without 

a modified arm on mesal face near apex (Oregon 

Report, p. 57, fig. 29) .... fenderi Alexander 

(Extralimital : Oregon) 

Wings with cell Rs sessile; male hypopygium with 

posterior border of tergite broadly emarginate, the 

sides with pale strong arms; basistyle on mesal 

face near apex with a short to longer pale arm 

that terminates in a blackened spine or elongate 

blackened blade, or else in a microscopic pale point 

(denningi brevicufa) (fig. 306) (Washington Report, 

p. 302, fig. 31) .......... 14 

nookdensis group 

Apical arm of basistyle very short, terminating in a 

longer strong blackened acute spine (fig. 306, A) 

nooksackensis Alexander 


Apical arm of basistyle longer, the pale base sub- 

equal to or longer than the darkened outer part . 15 

Apical arm of basistyle stout, terminating in a microscopic 

pale point (fig. 306, E) ..... 

denningi brevicula Alexander 

Apical arm of basistyle terminating in a blackened 

point or blade (figs. 306, B, D) ...... 16 

Apical arm of basistyle long and slender, terminating 

in a short blackened spinelike point that is extended 

farther into a paler setoid prolongation 

(fig. 306, B) ...... brevispinosa Alexander 


Apical arm of basistyle shorter, terminating in a 

blackened blade, the apex obtuse ...... 17

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

Apical arm of basistyle with the blackened apex 

longer, only slightly less than the pale basal stem 

(fig. 306, C) . . . . denning. denningi Alexander 

Apical arm of basistyle with the blackened apex 

relatively short, slightly more than one-half the 

pale basal stem (fig. 306, D) . . . . . . 

denningi evanesc%ns Alexander 

Wings (figs. 283, 285) with cell Ra sessile or subsessile, 

in the latter case (subsedis) with R z+s+4 

shorter than basal section of Rs. the latter sub- 

equal to r-m . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 

Wings (fig. 281) with cell Rs petiolate . . . . 24 

Male hypopygium (fig. 310) with posterior border 

of ninth tergite broadly emarghate . . . . . 20 

Male hypopygium (figs. 311-313) with median region 

of posterior border of tergite slightly produced or 

truncate, not emarginate . . . . . . . . . 21 

Size large (wing of 8 about 10 mm); wings with a 

brown cloud over r-m; basal section of vein Rs 

present, nearly as long as r-m; male hypop~um 

with the median emargination broad, the lobes divergent 

(Oregon Report, p. 57, fig. 31) . - . 

tdplagia Alexander 


Sue smaller (wing of 8 about 8 mm); Wings without 

a darkened cloud over r-m; basal s d o n of vein 

RS obliterated, r-m at the fork of R4+5; male 

hypopygium (e. 310) with the median emargina- 

tion narrow, the lobes less divergent . . . . 

Male hypopygium (fig. 312) with median region of 

posterior border of tergite and mesal face of 

basistyle with unusually long setae . . . . 

trichopyga Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 311, 313) without unusually 

long setae on the tergite or basistyle . . . . 22 

Wings milky white, without stigmal darkening, veins 

pale (fig. 283); male hypopygium with interbase a 

long swordlike blade; tergite without lateral arms 

(fig. 311) 

. . . . . . . subsessilis Alexander 

Wings with stigmal darkening more evident, veins 

darker; male hypopygium with interbase short, tip 

bispinous; lateral tergal amm present, their tips 

obtuse (fig. 313) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 

Wings with stigma faint to scarcely &dent, in cases 

pale brown . . . . . . . ca-a (Alexander) 


Wings with stigma conspicuous, b- to dark brown 

(fig. 285); male hypopygium (fig. 313) . . . . 

vduseei (Alexander) 

Wings faintly suffd with brown, the stigma barely 

evident; Rr+ata subequal to r-m (fig. 281) . . 

nuptialis Alexander 

Wings more whitened, stigma usually conspicuous; 

Rr+r+a slightly longer than r-m . . . . . . 25 

Male hypopygium (fig. 307) with basistyle produced 

into a single apical lobe, on its face with a slender 

lobule tipped with blackened spinoid setae; tergite 

with median region of posterior border produced 

into a conspicuous lobe that is weakly dilated at 

outer end, the posterior border virtually truncate or 

very feebly emarginate . . . integriloba Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 304,308,309) with basistyle 

produced into two separated apical lobes; tergite 


sanctaeluciae Alexander 

26 

27 

with median region only slightly produced, the 

extreme in querula where the lobe is relatively 

short, the sides parallel . . . . . . . . . 26 

Wings with stigmal darkening very faint; male hypopygium 

with median region of tergite pduced into 

a parallel-sided lobe; apex of dististyle narrowed 

into a slender lobe (lig. 309) . . querufa Alexander 

Wings with stigmal darkening conspicuous; male 

hypopygium with median region of tergite convexly 

rounded; dististyle not narrowed at apex . . . 27 

Male hypopygium with lateral tergal lobes short and 

broad, the apical point short (fig. 308) . . . . 

neomericana (Alexander ) 

Male hypopygium with lateral tergal lobes relatively 

narrow, extended into a long tenninal spine (fig. 

304) . . . . . . . . . cazieriana Alexander 

Subgenus Plectromyia Osten Sacken 

Plectromyia Osten Sackem, 1859, Moo. Dipt N. Amer. 

4: 282-284. 

Plectromyia is a weak offshoot of Rhaphidolabis 

with cell MI of the wings lost by fusion of veins. 

Dicranota (Plectromyia) kulshanensis Alexander 

Diuatmta (Plectmmyia) kulshanensis Alexander, 1949, Amer. 

Midland Nat 42:304305, fig. 29 (ven.), fig. 33 (8 hyp.). 

Holotype 3; Austin Pas, Mount Fhkm, Washington (CPA). 


Washington. 

California INYO YO 03.: Lone &e Creek, Whitney 

Portal, 8300 feet, VII-11-57 (C. P. Al-dw, CPA). 

Dicranota (Plectromyia) lassenensis Alexander 

(Figs. 286, 302) 

Dicranota (Plectmmyia) lassenensis Alexander, 1964, Great 


Holotype 8 ; Lassen Volcanic National Park, Shasta County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California ~~CO~~.--SHASTA Co.: Lassen Volcanic National 

Park, Reflection Lake, 5890 feet, VIII-3/5-58 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA); lype. 

Dicranota (Plectromyia) nooksackiae Alexander 

Dicranota (Plectromyia) nooksackiae Alexander, 1949, Amer. 

Midland Nat 42:305-306, fig. 30 (ven.), fig. 34 ( 8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8 ; Mount Baker, Washington (CPA). 

-graphic range.


California record.--PLUMAS Co.: Gold Lake Camp, VII-21- 

16 (H. G. Dyar, USNM). 

Dicranota (Plectmmyia) reducta tehamicola 

Alexander 

(Fig. 303) 

Dicranota (Plectmmyia) reducta tehamicola Alexander, 1959, 

Ent News 70:75. 

Holotype 8 ; Lassen Volcanic National Park, Shasta CounW, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California record.4HASTA Co.: Lassen Volcanic National 

Park, Upper Kings Creek Meadows, 7500 feet, abundant among 

beds of Phy&doce breweri, VII-6-47 (CPA). 

Subgenus Polyangaeus Doane 

Polyangaeus Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent SOC. JOW. 8:196. 

The subgenus includes three apparently distinct 

species, all from western North America. One of these, 

subapferogyne Alexander, has subapterous females, 

the others being fully winged in both sexes. 

Dicranota (Polyangaeus) maculafa (Doane ) 

(Figs. 280, 301) 

Polyangaeus maculata Doanq 1900, N. Y. Ent Soc. JOW. 

8:197, pl. 8, fig. 20 (Wing). 

Syntypes 23; Seattle, Olympia, Washington (USNM). 



California record,--HUMBOLDT CO.: Eureka, V-22-VI-l- 

03 (H. S. Barber, USNM). 

Subgenus Rhaphidolabis aten Sacken 

Rhaphidolabis Osten Sacken, 1869, Mon. Dipt N. Amer. 

4:284-287. 

Rhaphidolabis is the largest and most characteristic 

group in Dicranota, with about 25 Nearctic species, 

of which 12 are known from California. 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) cazjetiana Alexander 

(Fig. 304; Map 72) 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) uuieriam Alexander, 1944, Jour. 

Ent and 2001. 36:93-94. 

Holotype 8 ; Moraga, Contra Costa County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic ran&.4ifomia, Oregon, Utah. 

California rewrds.-Bu'rrE Co.: Oroville. 111-28-21 (H. H. 

Keifer, CAS). CONTRA COSTA Co.: Moraga, V-1-39 (M. A. 

Cazier, CPA); type. KERN Co.: Erskme Creek, near Isabella, 

IV-29-61 (R. E. Bellamy, 5011, CPA). MONTEREY Co.: 

Arroyo Sew, V-24-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). Santa Lucia 

Mountains, Hastings Reservation, Upper Lane, 11-11-51, IV- 

9-51 (J. Lmsdale, CPA). PLACER CO.: Truckee, 6000 feet, 

VII-4-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). RIVERSIDE Co.: San 

Jacinto Mountains, Dark Canyon, 6OOO feet, VII-2-58 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO Co.: San Bemardino 

Mountains, Barton Flats. 6200 feet, VII458 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA) . SAN DIEGO CO. : Palomar Mountain, Dome 

Map 72. Locality records in California for Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) 

cazieriana Alexander (cirdea). 

C d , 4700 feet, VII-4,5-45 (J. A. Comstock, CPA). SANTA 

CLARA Co.: Corte Madera Creek, Palo Alto, X-7-01 (R. W. 

Doane, CAS). Mount Hamilton, 3000 feet, V-19-40 (T. H. 

G. Aitken, CPA). YUBA Co.: New York Ravine, along Downie 

River, Highway 49, V-24-64 (D. G. Denning, CPA). 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) denningi denningi 

Alexander 

(Fig. 306, c; Map 73) 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) dem-ngi dennjngi Alexander, 1966, 

her. Ent. Soc. Trans. 92:113-115. 

Holotype 3; San Bemardino Mountains, San Bernardino 



California re~0rd.A~~ BERNARDINO CO.: San Bernardmo 

Mountains, Seven Oaks along the Santa Ana River, 5000 

feet, V-2343 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); types. 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) denningi brevicula 

Alexander 

(Fig. 306, e; Map 73) 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) denningi brevida Alexander, 1966, 

Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 92: 115. 


(CPA). 


California remd.-SHASTA CO. :Castle Crags State Park, 

VI-2064 (D. G. Denniig, CPA); typa


Map 73. Locality records in California for Diaanota (Rhaphidolabis) 

denningi denningi Alexander (&lea), D. (R.1 

demring- brevicula Alexander (triangle), and D. (R.) d-h# 

wanewens Alexander (sq~aree). 

Diaanota (Rhaphidolabis) denningi evanescens 

Alexander 

(Fie 305, 306, d; Map 73) 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) denningi evaneacena Alexander, 

1966, Amer. Ent SOC. Trans. 92:115. 

Holotype $ ; Hastings Reservation, Montehey County, Calif. 

(CIS). 

Geographic range.-&own only from California. 

California reDord.-MO~~ 

Co.: SBnh hcia Mountahs, 

Hastings Reemtion. Finch Creek, evening, N-12-51 (J. 

Linsdalg CIS); type 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolebis) integriloba Alexander 

(Fig. 307) 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) integriloba Alexander, 1943, Amer. 

Midland Nat 29: 162-163, fig. 14 (van.), fig. 17 ( 8 hyp.). 

Holotype $ ; Gothic, Colorado (CPA). 

Geographic range.-California, Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, 

Utah, Washington. 

California reCords.-FRESNo Co.: Kings Canyon National 

Park, S fork of King3 River, 4500 feet, VII-20-57 (C. P. 

Alexander, BA). INYO Co.: Big Pine CreeL, trail to Palisade 

Glacier, 9000 feet, VII-11-57. Middle fork of Bishop Creeh, 

Intake Camp, 8000 feet, VII-8-57 (C P. Alexander, CPA). 

IndePendmCe, N fwk Of OPL Creelq 5000 feet, VII-25-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Lune Pine Creak at Whitney Portal, 

8300 feet, VII-12-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONO Co.: 

West Walker River, near Chris Flat Forest Camp. 6500 feat, 

VIII-18-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). TUOLUMNE Co.: 

Yosemite National Park, Upper Tuolumne River, Tuolumne 

Meadows, 8555 feet, VII-1550 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Dicranofa (Rhaphidolabis) neomexicana (Alexander) 

(Fig. 308) 

Rhaphidolabis neomexicana Alexander, 1912, Psyche 19:170- 

171, fig. 5 (Wing). 

Hdotype~ 0; Beulah, New Mexico (ANSP). 

Geographic r-.-British Columbia; Alaska, California, 

Colomdo, New Mexico, Oregon. 

CdifOmtk4 d8.-MONTEBgY m.: Alder creek, vm-7- 

62 (E. I. Schlinger, UCR). SAN DEGO Co.: Palomar Mountain, 

Doane creek, 4700 feet, VII-5-45, VII-1246 (J. A. 

Cornstock, CPA). SHASTA Co.: Castle Crags State Park, 2000 

feet, VII-8-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Smm~u (3.: Mount 

Shes- CiQ, VI-18-59 (G. W. B m UK). 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) nuptialis Alexander 

(Fig. 281) 

Diaanota (Rhaphiddabis) nuptialis Al-der, 1947, Brooklyn 

Ent Soc. Bul. 42:134. 

Hdotype~ 0; Ydte National Park, Mariposa County, 

Cali. (CPA). 


California reamis.-- 

Co.: Yosemite National Park, 

Bridalveil Cmek, 7075 feet, VII-224 (C. P. Al-dw, 

CPA); type. TUOLUMNE Co.: Strawberry, VIII-7-60 (D. Q. 

cavalylaro, CIS). 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) polymeroides (Alexander) 

(Fig. 282) 

Rhaphidolabis polymeroidea Alexander, 1914, Acad Nat. Sci. 

Phila. Proc. 66:601-602, fig. 30 (ven.). 

Holotype $; Eureka, Humboldt County, Calif. (USNM). 

Geographic range.-Alaska, California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington. 

California DEL Nom CO.: State Line Creek, 

California-Oregon border on Highway 199, 1700 feet, VIII- 

9-48 (C. P. Alexander and 11 M. Fender, CPA). HUME~I.DT 

Co.: EureLa, V-22-03 (H. S. Barber, USNM); type. NAPA 

Co.: Mount St Helm, V-12-26 (M. C. Van CPA). 

SHASTA CO.: Castle Crags State Park, 2100 feet, VIII-13-48 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) querula Alexander 

(Fig. 309) 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) querula Alexander, 1944, Jour. Eht. 

and 2001. 36:94. 

Holotype $ ; Emida, Idaho (CPA). 

Geographic ran&.--(=alifornia, Idaho, Oregon. 

Californip ~~&-FRBsNO CO.: Kings Canyon National 

Park, South fork of Kings River, 4500 feet, VII-2047 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). TUOLUMNE Co.: Pinecrest, IX-147 (P. 

H. Amaud, CAS). 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) sanctaeluciae Alexander 

(Fig. 310)


Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) sanctaeluciae Alexander, 1964, 

Great Basin Nat. 24:118-119. 

Holotype $; Santa Lucia Mountains, LOJ Padres National 

Forest, Monterey County, Calif. (CPA). 


California IXXOI~.-MONTEREY Co.: Sante hcia Mountains, 

Los Padres National Forest, along small rocky tribuearY of 

Salmon creek, on rocks dose to watea, V-2-64 (C P. 

Alexander and C. D. Hynes); holotype, CPA; paratypes, HC. 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) subsessilis (Alexander) 

(Figs. 283, 311) 

Rhaphidolabis subsessilis Almder, 1921, Canad. Ent 53: 

134-135. 

Holotype 8 ; Moscow Mountain, Idaho (CPA). 

Geographic range.-British Columbia; California, Idahf~, 

Montana, Waahington. 

California record.-MONO Co.: bhnmoth hkes District, 

Coldwater Creek, 9OOO feet, VII-28-57 (C. P. Alexauder, 

CPA). 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) tehama Alexander 

(Fig. 284) 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) tehaaza Alexander, 1950, Ent News 

61 : 30-3 1. 

Holotype 0 ; Lassen Volcanic National Park, Shasta County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California record.-sHASTA CO.: Lassen volcanic National 

Park, Kings Creek Meadows, 7500 feet, VI1447 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA); type. 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) trichopyga Alexander 

(Fig. 312) 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) trichopyga Alexander, 1966, Amer. 

Ent. Soc. Trans. 92:115, 116. 

Holotype 8; Waddell Creek, Santa Cruz County, Calif. 

(CAS). 


California record.--SAWTA CRUZ CO.: WadM Creeks n-18- 

30 (F. Bianchi, CAS); type^. 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) vanduzeei Alexander 

(Figs. 285, 313) 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) vandweei Alexander, 1930, Brooklyn 

Ent. Soc. Bul. 25:73. 

Holotype 8 ; Mount St Helena, Napa County, Calif. (CPA). 


California records.-CONTRA COSTA CO.: Pt Molate, Richmond, 

11-11-64 (J. A. Powell, CIS). MONO Co.: White 

Mountains, Crooked Creek, 9500 feet, VI-22-61, (J. A. Powell, 

CIS). NAPA CO.: Mount St Helena, VI-12-26 (M. C. Van 

bee, CPA); type. SAN BERNARDMO Co.: San Bernardino 

Mountains, bta Ana River, -3-46 (J. L. Speaqr, CPA). 

YUBA Co.: New York Ravine, along Downie River, Highway 

49, V-24-64 (D. G. Denning, CPA). 

Tribe HEXATOMINI 

Alexander, C. P. In Stone, Sabrosky, Wirth, Foote, and Codson, 



In the California fauna the tribe Hexatomini 

includes various diverse elements that are distributed 

in seven subtribes, with representatives of twu, others 

regional being found in Arizona. In California, the 

present tribe and the Pediciini are told readily from 

others in the Limoniinae-the Limoniini and Eriopterini-by 

the presence of tibial spurs, but elsewhere 

in the world this character of presence or absence of 

such spurs breaks down (in Elephantomyia and 

Atarba). 

The habitats of the immature stages similarly are 

varied, in some genera, as Arsstrolimophilas Epiphragma, 

Atarbas and Elephantomyia, the larvae 

occurring in decaying wood, others living in water or 

in saturated soil at margins of streams and other 

water bodies, while Dactylolabis commonly is lithophilous. 

The various genera are arranged from what appear 

to be the more generalized to the specialized types, 

as follows : Paradelphomyia; Phyllolabis; Dactylolabis; 

Epiphragma and Austrolimnophila; Pseudolimnophila; 

Limnophila, Pilaria, and Ulomorpha; Hexatoma; 

Elephantomyia; and Afarba. 

KEY TO THE GENERA OF HEXATOMINI 

Antennae commonly elongate but with not more than 

12 segments (Hexatomaria) . HEXATOMA Latreille 

Antennae with more than 13 segments . . . . . 2 

Rostrum elongate, exceeding one-half the remainder 

of body; wing (fig. 339); (Elephantomyaria) . 

ELEPHANTOMYIA Osten Sacken 

curtirostris Alexander 


Rostrum short or of moderate length only, not exceed- 

ing the remeinder of head . . . . . . . . 3 

Win5 with two branchea of Re reaching the margin 

(fig. 340) (Atarbaria) . . . ATARBA Osten Sacken 

apache Alexander; werneri Alexander 


Wings with three branches of Rs reaching the margin 4 

Apical wing cells with macrotrichia . . . . . . 5 

Wing cells without macrotrichia except in stigmal 

region when present . . . . . . . . . . 6 

Macrotrichia in all cells excepting the wing base; 

cell Rs short-petiolate, vein Rp+a+4 short to lacking 

(figs. 334, 335) (Limnophilaria) . . . . 

ULOMORPHA Osten Sacken 

Macrotrichia in outer wing cells only; cell Rs petiolate, 

vein Rz+s+4 longea (figs. 314, 315) (Paradelphomyaria) 

. . PARADELPHOMYIA Alexander 

Wings with a supernumerary crossvein in cell C (fig. 

316) (Epiphragm&). EPIPHRAGMA 0s- Sacken 

arizonensis Alexander

7 


NosupemumerarycroesveinincellC . . . . . 7 

Wings with vein €3, lacking; m e lying far distad, 

at or near the fork of vein Ms+4 (6g. 317) (Phyl- 

Idabaria) 

. . . . PHYUOLABIS Osten Sacken 

Wings with vein R z present; mcu more basad, at or 

before midlength of vein Ms+r . . . . . . 8 

8 Wings with anterior arculus laddng (figs. 318420) 9 

Wings with anterior arculus preserwd (6ga. 321327) 10 

9 Wings with ~CII at or just beyond the fork of M 

(figs. 318, 319); male hypopygium (figs. 352, 354, 

355) (Dactplolabaria) D A m W I S Osten Sacken 

Wings with ~llcu at or near midlength of M 1+4 (fig. 

320) (Epiphmgmaria) . . . . . . . . . . 


AUSTROLIMNOPHILA Alezander 

10 Antmnae with long conspicuous vdcils, d 'g 

twice the segments, squama of wings with Long 

setae (hophilaria) . . . . PILARIA Sintenis 

Antennae with shorter vertidls, squama glabmus . 11 

11 Head produced and strongly narrowed posteriorly; 

pnmotum with anterior margin prod- wings 

(iig. 321) (Pseudolimnophilarie) . . . . . . 

PSEUDOLIMNOPHDLA Alexander 

Head broad, not conspicuously MRowBd mody; 

anterior margin of pmnotum not p d d ; wings 

(figs. 322-327) (hophilaria) . . . . . 

LIM"lLA Maquart 

Genus Paradelphomyia Alexander 

Paradelphomyia Aleocander, 1936, Philippine Jour. Sci 60: 184. 

Oxyrhiza de Meijere, 1946, Ent Ber. 12:68 (new name for 

Oxydiscus de Meijere, 1913, PROec). 

A small genus of chiefly Holarctic crane flies, with 

three species known from California. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PARAD-HOMYIA 

1 Cell MI lacking (6g. 315) (Omgm Report, p. 62, 

fig. 33 ( 8 hyp.), fig. 34 (ven.) . depn'vata Alexander 

cell MI 

present (6g. 314) . . . . . . . . . 2 

2 General coloration of body dull bleck; (Utah Re 

port,p46,fig.21,ven.) . . . rmddockiAlexandw 

(E.tralimital: Utah) 

Geperalcdorationofbodylightbrown - . - . - 3 

3 Male hypopygium with apex of =style narrowly 

obtuse; spin- of ventral fork of aedeagus relatively 

short and stout (iig. 350) . pecitica Alexander 

Male hypopygium with apex of basiityle subacute 

to acute; spines of ventral fork of aedv long 

and slender, needlelie (e. 351) . . . . . 

aierrenais Alexander 

Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) deprivata Alexander 

(Fig. 315) 

Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) deprivata Alexander, 1954, her. 

Midland Nat 51:60-61, fig. 34 (ven.), fig. 33 (8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8; Beaver Cree&, Mount Hood, Oregon (CPA). 

Geographic range.+liifornia, Oregon. 

California reconf.--HUM~o~~~ Co.: Prairie Creek State 

Park, VIII-10-48 (C. P. Alexander and IC. M. Fender, CPA); 

VIII-2-54 VII-24-58 (C P. Alma-, CPA). 

Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) pacifica (Alexander) 

(Fig. 350) 

01ydiSQs pacificus Almder, 1944, Pan-Pacifie Ent 20:92- 

93. 

Holhype 8; Cadton, Oregon (CPA). 

Geographic rungu.-British Columbia; California, Oregm, 

Utah, washington. 

Californis -&.-DEL NORm CO.: 26.5 U& NE Of 

Crescent City, VI-2249 (G. W. Byers et d., UK). HUMBOLDT 

Co.: Prairie Creek State Park, WI-1048 (C P. Alexander 

ad IC M. Fend-, CPA); VIII-2-50, VII4,10-53 (C. P. 

Aleocander, CPA). MErmocrNO Co.: Russian Gulch State Park, 

VII-2048 (C P. -der, CPA). SrsgnrO~ Cos: G~SSS 

Lelte, VI-22-64 (D. 0. -in& CPA). 

Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) sierrensis Alexander 

(Figs. 314, 351) 

Paiddphomyia (Oxyrhizd sierri?nais Alexander, 1958, Ent 

N m 69 : 132-133. 


Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Known only fmm California. 

California records-~~o Co.: Bine Canyon National 

Park, Swale Camp, VI-1-7; types; VIII-6-59 (C. P. 

Alexanh, CPA). Mm- Co.: Devil's Postpile National 

Monurnat, Red's Meedow, Sotcher Lake trail, 7600 feet, 

VII-30-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONTBR~Y Co.: Santa 

Lucia Mountpins, Hastings ResaoatiOn, Robertson Creek, VI- 

15-48 (J. Lhadale, CIS). 

Genus Phyllolabis Osten Sacken 

Phyllolabis Osten Sadtea, 1877, U. S. Geol. and Surpey 

of the Ter., Bul. 3:202. 

Phylldabis Alexander, 1961, Roy. Ent Soc. London Trans. 

113:139-153, 21 6gs. 

As presently known there are 13 Nearctic species, 

with eight others in Europe and about 18 in Asia, 

chiefly in the Himalayas (Alexander, 1961, above). 

Most of the Nearctic species occur in California. The 

immature stages still are unknown. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PHYLLOLABIS 

1 Wings distinctIy patterned with darker other than the 

stigma, including dots and mts in the cells 

(myridcta) or seams along the cord (hmdi) or 

veinCU(davigera) . . . . . . . . . . . 2 

Wings without darkened pattern other than the stigtna 

when this is present . . . . . . . . . . 4 

2 Wings with a narrow darkened seam along vein Cu 

involving cells M and Cu I; male hypopygium with 

sternal appendage pale, deeply emarginate by a 

narrow split; apex of basiityle including a hairy 

cushion; dististyle simple, narrowed outwardly 

(fig. 343); ovipositor with ventral margin of cerci 

virtually entire, the incisures Scarcay evident (fig. 

342, e) . . . . . . . . davima Osten Sacken 

Wings with darkened areas at the cord or in the cells 3 

3 Wings with abundant spots and dots in the cells; 

male hypapygium with sternal appendage darkened,


4 

tonguelike, depressed-flamed, margins strongly 

corrugated, at base on eithm side with an elongate 

pale hairy lobe (fig. 349); ovipositor with cerci 

slender, tip produced, ventral margin with microscopic 

blunt tubercles (fig. 342, c) ..... 

myriosticta Alexander 

Wings with darkened areas restricted to the stigma and 

seams at origin of Rs, cord and along vein Cu; 

male hypopygium with basiityle tumid, narrowed 

outwardly, tip slightly decurved; Sternal appendage 

massive, very large and complicated in structure 

(fig. 341) ......... inmii Alexander 

General coloration of body yellow; wings pale yellow, 

stigma lacking; male hypopygium with stemal lobe 

long and slender, shallowly bifid at apex; tip of 

1 

basistyle pmduced into a long slender lobe, at 

apex with long setae; didstyle elongate, widened 

beyond base, narrowed apically into a long spine 

(fig. 345); ovipositor with cerci very broad, ventral 

margin with 10-12 small dentid-, the outermost 

more distinct (fig. 342, d) ... flavida Alexander 

General coloration of body dark brown or gray; Wings 

with stigmal darkening eTlidant ...... 5 

5 Wings with stigma dmtinct, brown; male hypbpygium 

with sternal appendage massive, posterior border 

narrowly emarginate; apex of basistyle unusually 

glabrous, n a b to a point;; dististyle profoundly 

divided into subequal portions (fig. 344); ovipositor 

with cerci relatively narrow, ventral margin with 

about 10-12 coarse teeth, the outer on- larger 

(fig. 342, b) ...... encausfa Osten Sacken 

Wings with stigma pale brown, poorly indicated . 6 

6 Wings with vein R,+s+4 unusually tjhort, about onethird 

vein Rs; costal border of wing of male above 

the stigma dilated; male hypopygium with sternal 

appendage very broad, when flattened the length 

and breadth subequal; apical lobe of basistyle narrowed, 

unusually glabrous (6g. 347) .... 

Ia&fatmmis Alexander 


Win- with Vein R 2+S+4 longer, subequal to Vein R 3; 

costal border of wing not dilated (male wing unknown 

in Sequoiensis) .......... 7 

7 

Size large (wing of f-le over 8 mm); win- with 

veins R a and R 4 generally parallel to one another, 

cells Rz and Rs at margin subequal in entent; 

ovipositor with apex of cercus produced, teeth of 

ventral margin coarse (fig. 342, a); male unlmown 

sequoiensia Alexander 

Size smaller (wing under 7 mm) ...... 8 

8 Male hypopygium with posterior border of sternal 

appendage broadly and shallowly emarginate, the 

lobes widely separated (fig. 346) ...... 9 

Male hypopygium with posterior border of sternal 

appendage nearly truncate and entire or, if divided, 

the emargination deep and narrow, the lobes 

9 

approximated (fig. 348) ......... 10 

Sternal appendage of male with lobes slender, not 

conspicuously haijr, the emargination broad; apex 

of basistyle produced into a single stout lobe that 

is broader outwardly, the inner apical angle with a 

concentration of darkened setae (iig. 346) ... 

hirtiloba Alexander 

Sternal appendage of male with lobes very broad, 

their mesal surfaces with abundant very long setae, 

the emargination datively narrcnn; apex of 

basistyle produced into two slender lobes without 

conspicuous setae (Oregon Report, p. 308, fig. 

36) .......... fenderiana Alexander 


10 Male hypopygium with sternal appendage broad, 

paralled-sided, Iobea squaraty truncate; apex of 

basiityle a nearly glabrous dongate blade, narrowed 

to the obtuse tip, &ifemus lobule amall; dististyle 

a broad flattened plate, the length and width subequal 

(Washington Report, p. 62, fig. 36) . . 

latifolia Alexander 


Male hypopygium with sternal appendage narrower, 

with a deep median split, the lobes obliquely truncaw 

apex of basistyle a very small blade, the setifeaous 

lobule large, conspicuous; dististyle conspicuously 

bilobed (fig. 348) . meridionatis Alexander 

1. ___ 

Y .a Y "I Y ." 

I. 

I*> ,. 

r r r n . 4 

,& ,Y 

Map 74. Locality records in California for Phyllolabis davigera 

Osten seclten (triangles) and P. encausfa Osten Sacken 

(Cirdea). 

Phylloldis clavigera Osten Sacken 

(Figs. 342 e, 343; Map 74) 

Phyllolabis daviger Osten Sacken, 1877, U. S. Geol. and 

Geog. Survey of the Ter., Bul. 3:203-204. 

Syntypes 33, 69; Crafton's Retreat, near Redlands, San 

Bemardino County, Calif. (MCZ). 


California zecords.-K~~~ Co.: Caneris Rocks, 111-2562 

(R. E. Bellamy, 5108, CPA). Los ANGELES Co.: Clarenont, 

no further data (C. Metz); on Artemisia, III-17-29 (H. E. 

Swee~& CPA). RIVERSIDE Co.: Cleveland National Forest,

anta Ana Mountains, Upper San Juan Campmound along 

Sari Juan Creek, 1500 feet, IV-le63 (C. P. Alezander, 

CpA). Riverside, 11-21/23-35 (A. L. Melander, CPA). SAN 

BERNARDINO Co.: Crafton’s Retreat, near Redlands, 111-1876 

(0s- Sacken, MCZ); types. 

Phyllolabis encausta Osten Sacken 

(Figs. 317, 342 b, 344; Map 74) 

Phyllolabis encausta Ostm Saclren, 1877, U. S. Gd. ad 

Geog. Survey of the Ter., Bul. 3:204. 

Syntypes 49; Lagunitas Creek, Marin County, and San 

Mate0 Creek, San Mateo County, Calif. (MCZ). 

Geographic range.-Known only from Calif-ia. 

California -~~.-ALAMEDA Co.: Piedmont, IV-4-07 

(J. C. Bradley, CPA). Strawberty Canyon, BerL.eey, IV- 

W10-58 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). CONTRA COSTA Co.: Morap, 

V-1-39 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). Mount Diablo, Rd- 

Park, IV-9-58 (D. Burdick, CIS); 11-24-61 (J. A. powell, 

CIS). Wild Cat Canyon, IV-30-39 (C. D. Michener, CPA). 

MARIN CO.: Fairfax, IV-13-19 (E. P. Van hq CPA). 

Invmess, IV-4/7-63 (P. H. Arnaud, CPA). Lagunitas Creak, 

IV-15/20-1876 (Wen Sackem, MCZ); types; III-3-25 (H. 

I€ Keifer, CAS). Mill Valley, 111-28-15 (M. C Van Duzee, 

CPA); IIIJ/lSJl, 111-3-54 (H. B. Leech, CAS). Muir 

WOO&, IV-25-64 (D. G. Danning, CPA). MONTSRF;Y Co.: 

Santa Lucia Mwnteins, Hastings Resmtim, Finch Creek, 

IV-27/29-43, IV-3&V-9-46, IV-15,19-50, V-20-50, III- 

5/24-51, IV-10/1241, 11-23-52, IV-1553 (J. &dale, 

CAS, CIS, CPA, UK). SAN LUIS OBISPO Co.: Santa Rita 

Creek, IV-5-58 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). SAN MAlW C0.: San 

Mateo Creek, IV-9-1876 (Osten Saclren, MCZ); types. 

Portola State Park, Pescadem Creek, 400 feet, N-23-64 (C 

P. Alexander, CPA). Skyline Boulevard, in redwood gully, 

lo00 feet, IV-23-64 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SANTA BARBARA 

CO.: Santa Barbara, Alisal Creek, 111-23-36 (W. Procter, 

CPA). SANTA CLARA Co.: Palo Alto, San Francisquito Creek, 

111-29-41. (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). Stanford Unidty, III- 

6-06 (R. W. Doane, CAS). Woodside, near Palo Alto, IV4 

06 (R. W. Dome, CAS). SANTA CRUz C0.: Waddell C d , 

U-27, IV-1030 (F. Bianchi, CAS). 

Phyllolabis flavida Alexander 

(Figs.342 d, 345) 

Phyllolabi8 flavida Alexander, 1918, Ent Newr 29:287. 

Holotype 8 ; Alpine, San Diego County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range;--Known only from California. 

California reconl..--KgT(N Co.: Fort T&m, V-15-39 (T. 

?I. G. Aitken, CPA). Loa ANG- Co.: Pasadena, without 

date (R. W. Doane, CAS). I~IARIN Co.: Mill Valley, IV49, 

IV-19-50 (E. S. Rosa, CAS). MONTEREY Co.: Santa Lucia 

Mountains, Hastings Reservation, Finch Creek, 111-27-43, 

V-2-43, V-9-46, IV-18-49, V-19-50, IV-10-51 (J. Linsdale, 

CIS, HR, UK); Los Padms National Forest, Salmon 

C&, V-2-64 (C. P. Alexander and C D. Hpr~e, CPA). SAN 

DIExX 43.: Alpine, IV-10-15 (M. C. Van CPA); 

type. SAN LUIS OBISPO (3.2 Tar Sprkrg CW, IV-20-58 

(C. D. Hynes, CPA). 

Phyllolabis hirtiloba Alexander 

(Fig. 346) 

Phyllolabis hirtiloba Alexander, 1947, Ent News 58:66-67. 


Holotype 8; Yosemite National Park, near Mirror Lake, 

Mariposa County, Cali. (CPA). 

Geographic range.--california, Nevada. 

California record.--.% Co.: Yosemite National Park, 

near Mirror Lake, 4000 feet, VI-6-39 (A. Dowries, CPA); 

type. 

Phyllolabis hurdi Alexander 

(Fig. 341) 

Phyllolabia hdi Alexander, 1964, Great Basin Nat 24:119- 

120. 

Holotype 8; San Joaquin Experiment Station, Madera 

county, calif. (CIS). 

Geographic rm&e.-Known only from Califomia. 

California recoIcI.-?vlAD~~A CO.: San Joaquin Experiment 

Station, 11-2253 (P. D. Hurd, CIS); type. 

PhyfZoZubis ZatifoZiu Alexander 

Phylldabia lafifolia Alexander, 1920, Pomona Col. Jour. Ent 

12:90. 

Holotype 8; Foreat Grove, Oregon. 

&O&ap%iC rZU7&3.~0nlia, om. 

Cdif-a zecords.-biARIN CO.: Mill valley, 111-1247 

(E. I, Kessel, CAS). Novato, Umdhlelannyoni, VI-10-49 (E. 

L. Kessel, CAS). 

Phyllolabis meridionalis Alexander 

(Figs. 342 f, 348) 

Phylldabis ddiodis Alexander, 1945, Canad. Ent 77:56. 



California ~~~O~~S.-MONTBREY Co.: Santa Luck Mountains, 

He~ting~ Reservation, Fioch C&, IV-30-V-9-46, IV-21- 

49 (J. Linsdale, HR). SAN T)Iw;o Co.: Alpine, IV-1411-15 

(M. C. Van Duree, CPA); tppes. SAN Lurs OBISpa CO.: La 

Panza camp, IV-7-62 (C. D. Hynes, CPA, HC) . SAN MA- 

Co.: Portola State Park, Peecadero Creek, 400 feet, IV-23-64 


Phyllolabis myriosticta Alexander 

(Figs. 342 c, 349) 

Phylldabis myriaetkta Alexander, 1945, Canad. Ent 77:6. 

Holotype 8; Ortega Highway, probably Riverside County, 

Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic ran$e.difomia; Mexico, Baja California. 

California records.-K~~~ Co.: Caneris Rocks, 111-18-62 

(R. E. Ekllamy, 5106, CPA). MARIN CO.: Mill Valley, II-15- 

47 (E. L. Kd, CAS); III-7-50. XI-1-2, III-5-59 (H. B. 

Leech, CAS). MONTBREY Co.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings 

Reservation, at light, IV-13/21-49; II-4-51, IV-10-51 

(J. Linsdale, CIS, HR). Co.: Ortega Highway, III- 

28-35 (A. L. Melander, CPA); type. SAN BBRNARD~O Co.: 

San Bernerdio Mountains, Mill Creek Camp, Thurman Flats 

picnic area, 3400 feet, V-9-63 (C. P. Uezandes, CPA). SAN 

DIEGO Co.: Del Mar, 1-1-47 (J- A. Comstock, CPA). SAN 

LUIS OarsPo Co.: La P-, 12 mi. NE of POZO, V-2-62 (J. 

K. Drew, CIS). SANTA BARBARA CO.: S-dand, IJI-17- 

60 (C W. Kirkwwd, CPA). SANTA CRUZ Co.: Waddell Creek, 

II-16-30 (F. Bianchi, CAS).


Phyllolabis sequoiensis Alexander 

(Fig. 342 a) 

Phyllolabis seqwiensis Alexander, 1945, Canad Ent 77:G. 


(CPA). 

Geo$rapiric range.-Known only from California. 

California record-T~~&~~ Co.: Sequoia National Park, 

W-fY8-42 (0. Degener, CPA); tppes. 

Genus Dacfylolabis Osten Sacken 

Limnophila (Daciy10Iabis) 0s- Sacken, Acad. Net Sci. 

phila. proc. i859:240. 

A small Holarctic genus with relatively few Species 

in Europe and again in eastern Asia but, somewhat 

surprisingly, with none in the Himalayan region as 

presently known In North America, the subgenus 

Eudactylolabis Alexander has two Species, the typical 

subgenus with 18 species, of which six have been 

found in California. The immature stages where 

known are lithophilous, living in algal growth and 

diatomaceous ooze on the wet faces of shaded cliffs 

and rock exposures 

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SPECIES 

OF DACTYLOLABIS 

1 Male hypopygium (fig. 352) with apex of bndmtyle 

produced, about one-half as long as the dististyles, 

the latter subterminal; outer style a slendes 

glabrous pale blade, inner style dnrkened, very 

stout, provided with abundant short to microscopic 

spinoid setae, interbase glabrous; ovipositor (fig. 

353) with cerci lying transversely, broadly flattened, 

beering a strong tooth on lateral or ventral 

margin; hypovalvae long, fleshy, with abundant 

setae .... EUDACTYLOLABIS Alexander 2 

Male hypopygium (figs. 354,355) with basistyle not 

produced, dististyles -ma& ovipositor with cerci 

normally Hexatombe, relatively slender, withoue a 

lateraltooth. . DACT.YLOLABISOstmSacken3 

2 Fully winged in both sexes; wings patterned (figs. 

318, 352, 353) ..... damule (Oaten Sa&) 

Wings vestigial in both mea . vestigipen& Alexander 

(Extdimital: Arizona) 

3 Wingssubhyalin~patternedwithhrown. .... 4 

Wings subhyaline, unpattemed or virtuaUy so. . 6 

4 Wings heavily patterned with brown, including areas 

in costal cell and large circular marginal spats at 

ends of all longitudinal veins. . postiwa Alexander 

5 

(Extrplirsl: Oregon) 

Darkmed wing patter0 more rertricted , without 

markings in costal cell or at em& of longitudinal 

veins eacepting cu ........... 5 

Darlrened pattern basad of cord extensive, including 

areas m bases of cell R and across Rand M at 

lewd of origin of Rs; cell 1st M rectsngular, m 

and basal section of Ms subequal (e. 319) . . 

imitata Alexander 

Darkened pattern very restricted, in cells basad of 

cord small and inconspicuous in base of cell R and 

at origin of Rs; d l 1st MI irregular in outline, 

rn longitudinal in position and about twice 

the basal seaion of M s . . pteropoecila (Al-dm) 

(Fatdiital: Oregon) 

6 Thoracic dorsum subnitidow, dark brown or brownish 

black, without evident stripes; male hyppy~m 

(fig. 355) ...... nitiditkax (Alexander) 

Thoracic dorsum gray, praescutum with polished 

black stripes ............. 7 

7 Head and prae6cutal intempaces with black 

bristles; scutellum fulvous; R~+r+r about oneirispida 

Alexander 

fourth Rz+r or less ..... 

Praescutum with inconspicuous delicate seta% scudlum 

gray; Rz+s+r longer, about me-third Rz+s 

ormore.. ............. 8 

8 Mesanotal praescutum gray with three polished black 

stripes, scutal lobes each with two similar blackened 

areas; male hypopygium (fig. 354) with aubtergal 

10- very large, contiguous or overlapping at 

midline. ........ knowlton- Alexander 

M-otal praescutum dark gray, the median stripe 

polished and more or less divided poseody, 

lateral strip and cemters of scutal lobes not or 

scarcely polished; male hypopyghm with subtergal 

lobes d, widely separated at midline . 

parviioba Alexander 

Subgenus Eudactylolabis Alexander 

Dactylohbis (Eudacty1dabis) Alexander, 19-50, B d W Ent 

soc Bul. 45:44-45. 

1 , 

". .. 

P 

,. ," *. I(/ 

a -.r*-,.--J -- 

Map 75. bcality records in caliomia for Dactylolabis 

(Dactylolabiis) nitidithorax (Alexander) (cides), D. (03 

parrriloba Alexander (triangles), and D. (EudacfyIofabis) 

damula (0s- Sacken) (squares).

Dactylolabis (Eudactylolabis) damula 


(Figs 318, 352, 354; Map 75) 

Limnophile d d a %ten Sacken, 1877, U. S. Geol. ond Geog. 

Survey of the Ter.,Bul. 3:201-202. 

Syntypes 0 8 ; Crafton's Retreat, San Bemardtn * 0 county, 

Calif. (Ma). 

Geograpfic range,Rwwn only from California. 

California ~~~Q~~S.--RTVERSIDE CO.: Riverside, 11-1.2 1-35 

(A. L. Melander, CPA); 1-30-35 (P. H. Timberlake, CPA). 

SAN BERNARD~NO CO.: Crafton's Redreat, near Redlands, 

111-1876 (Osten Sacken, MCZ); type^ SAN DIEGO (20.: CleVeland 

National Fomt, Glenclii Campground, near Buckman 

Springs, near Cottond CreeL, 3800 feet, IV-2/13-63 (C. 


Subgenus Dactylolabis Osten Sacken 

Dactyfofabis (Dactyfofabis) &ten 

Phila. Pm. 1859:240. 


Sacken, Acad. Nat si. 

Dactylolabis (Dactylolabis) hispida Alexander 

Dactylolabis (DactyfofaL&) hispida Alexander, 1966, Amer. 

Ent Soc. Trans. 92:116, 117. 

Holotype $; 8 mi. SE of Bartle, Shasta County, Cali. 

(-1. 


California record.--s~~s~~ Co.: 8 mi. SE of Bartle. VI-17- 

59 (G. W. By- UK); type. 

Dactylolabis (Dactylolabis) imitata Alexander 

(Fig. 319) 

Dactyfofabis (Dactyfofabis) imitata Alexander, 1945, Pan-Pa- 

C& Ent 21:91-92. 

Holotype 8; Lagunitas Canyon, Marin countp, Calif. 

(CPA). 

Geographic range.-&xnvn d y from California 

California -~~s.-MARIN Co.: Lagunitas Canyon, III-1939 

(T. H. G. Aitken, CPA); type. MARIPOSA Co.: Yosemite 

National Park, at foot of Bridalveil Falls, on mossy boulders, 

4000 feet, VI-13-63; along bail to Vernal Falls, VI-12,1343 

(C. P. Alexander, J. b J. Baker, CPA). MONTBREY Co.: 

Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, Finch Creek 

above upper bn-, N-12-51 (J- Linsdale, CPA). PLVIUAS 

Co.: Usinger, (1956), without further data. SAN MA= Co.: 

UShgW, (1956). Without further dab. sONObA CO.: GepXville, 

V-5/7-1876 (Osten Sackem, Ma). 

Dactylolabis (Dactylolabis) knowltoni Alexander 

(Fig. 353) 

Dactyldabis Rnowltoni Alexander, 1941, Canad. Ent 73:90. 

Holotype 8; Dry Canyon, Logans Ueah (CPA). 

Geographic range.*fornia, 

California -rd.-SxsKnrou 

58 (J. A. PoweII, CIS). 

Oregon, Utah. 

Co.: Castle Lake, W-22/27- 

Dactylolabis (Dactylolabis) nitidithorax (Alexander) 

(Fig. 355; Map 75) 

Limphila (Dactylola6is) nitiditlrorar Alexander, 1918, Ent. 

News 29:288. 

Holotype 8; Berkeley, Alameda County, Calif. (-A). 

Geographic range.dlifornia, Oregon, Washington. 

California -~.-ALAMEDA Co.: Berkeley, V-16-15 (M. 

C. Van Duz~, CPA); types. HuMB~LDT Co.: Chick, VI-21-35 

(A L Melander, CPA). MARIN CO.: Mill Valley, IV-19-50, 

V-8,24-50 (H. B. Leech, CAS). MONTERLCY Co.: Santa Lucia 

Mountains, Hastings Reservation, Big Creek, V-7-46, VI-78- 

48; Upper Big Canyon V-18-50, VI-1-50 (J. Linsdale, US. 

CIS, UK). SANTA CRUZ Co.: Santa Crur, VI-2-19 (E. P. 

van CAS). 

Dactylolabis (Dactylolabis) parviloba Alexander 

106 Bulletin of the Califom*a Insect Survey 

Map 76. Locality records in California for Austrolimphila 

(Austrolimnophila) badia (Doane) (circles). 

Alexander, CPA). MARIN Co.: Mill Valley, IV-1964 (H. B. 

Leech, CAS). Muir Woods, IV-2CV-3064 (D. G. Denning, 

CPA). MARIPOSA CO.: Yoaemite National Park, Wawona, 

5000 feet, VI-6-39 (A. Downes, CPA). MONTEREY Co.: 

Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, Finch Creek, 

V-21-43, V-9-46 (J. Linsdale, CPA); La Pa& National 

Forest, Salmon Creek, IV-25-58 (C D. Hynes, CPA). SAN 

BERNARLNNO Co.: San Bemardino Mountains, Forest Home, 

5100 feet, V-6/24-63; Lake Arrowhead, 5150 feet, V-22-63; 

Mill Creek Camp, Thurman Flats picnic area, 3400 f-t, V- 

7/11-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Mountain Home, VII-16- 

21 (F. R. Cole, CIS); Seven Oaks, along Santa Ana River, 

5000 feet, V-12,20-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN DIEGO 

Co.: Palomar Mountain, Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VII-6-45 

(J. A. Comstock, CPA). SAN MA- CO.: Woodside, near 

Palo Alto, IV-4-06 (R. W. Doane, CAS). SANTA CLARA CO.: 

Corte Madera Creek, Palo Alto, V-15-06 (R. W. Doane, 

CAS). SANTA CRUZ Co.: Brookdale, V-1-53 (A. E. Gray, 

CIS). Waddell Creek, IV-1/25-30 (F. Bmchi, CAS). SIIASTA 

CO.: Castle Crags State Park, 2000 feet, W-7-53 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SONOMA Co.: W of Healdsburg, along Mill 

Creek, IV-15-50 (H. B. Leech, CAS). TEHM~A Co.: Near 

Lassem Volcanic National Park, VI-16-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). 

TRINITY CO.: Near Del Loma, VI-20-59 (G. W. Byem, UK). 

TU- CO.: Camp Nelson, Nelson Creek, 5000 feet, V-29- 


Genus Pseudolimnophila Alexander 

Limnophila (Pseudolimmphila) Alexander, 1919, N. Y. 

(Cornell) Agr. Expt Sta. Ma. 25:917. 

Pseudofimnophila Hinton, 1954, Roy. Ent Soc., bndon, Proc. 

29:135-140, 9 figs. 

Pseudolimnophila is a relatively small group, 

chiefly Holarctic and Ethiopian in distribution. The 

immature stages live in rich organic mud and in submerged 

decaying vegetation at stream margins. The 

only species known from California has a very wide 

range throughout the Nearctic region. Based on the 

immature stages, Hinton (1954, reference above) 

does not believe that Pseudolimnophila can be placed 

with Lirnnophila Macquart. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PSEUDOLIMNOPHILA 

1 Wings with cell Mi p-t (6g. 321) . . . . 2 

2 

Wings with cell MI 

lacking. noveboracensis (Alexander) 

(Extralimital: Alberta; Montana) 

Wings (fig. 321) yellowish, restrictedly patterned with 

brown at stigma and over the cross veins and deflections 

of longitudinal veins; legs yellow, femora 

with a scarcely evident darkened subterminal ring 

lufeipemk (0s- Sacken) 

Wings tinged with brown, the oval stigma slightly 

more darkened; legs blackened, femoral bases yel- 

lowed . . . . . . . . immata vidua Alexander 

(Extralimital: Wyoming) 

Pseudolirnnophila (Pseudolimnophila) luteipennis 


(Fig. 321) 

Limphila Iuteipemki Osten Sa&, Acad. Nat Si. Phda. 

Proc. 1859:236. 

Syntype; District of Columbia (MCZ). 

Geographic range,--(=alifornia, eastward to Ontario and 

Quebec; southward to Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi 

California reoonisi--N~~~A Co.: Donner Pass, 7200 f&, 

VI-11-47 (K. M. Fender, CPA). SAN BERN~W~INO Co.: 

Morongo Canyon at Levin Ranch, IV-6-63 (C. P. Al-der, 

CPA). Near San Bemardiino, 11-1876 (Osten Sacken, MU). 

SISKIYOU Co.: Mount Shasta City, VI-18-59 (G. W. Byers, 

UK). South fork of Sacramento River, near Gumboot Lake, 

6500 feet, in Darlingtonia assoCiation, WI-1348 (C. P. 


Genus Limnophila Macquart 

Limphila Macquart, 1834, Hiat Nat. Ins., Dipt, Suit a 

Buffon 1:95. 

Limphila Alexander, 1942, Gmn. State Geol. and Nat Hist. 

Survey, Bul. 64:379408, figs. 43-46. 

Limnophila is a major genus of crane flies with representatives 

occurring throughout the world. It has 

been divided into numerous subgenera, some of 

which are based principally on wing venation, including 

the presence of supernumerary crossveins in certain 

of the wing cells, while others require the use of 

hypopygial characters for their separation While 

certain of these subgeneric groups evidently are 

closely related, others seem to be particularly distinct 

and eventually may be elevated to full generic status. 

Representatives of eight subgeneric groups occur in


I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

1 

i 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

California, the larger of these being Eloeophila, Phylidorea, 

and Prionolabis. The immature stages are 

found in wet earth at margins of water bodig as 

streams and ponds. 

1 


OF W OPHILA 

Wings with a supernumerary crossvein in cell M at 

near midlength (iig. 324); male hypopysiMl with 

outer dististyle blackened, outer margin before 

terminal spine with numerous micrarcopic spinules 

(except in edentata); outer gonapophysea appearing 

as short paddlelike blades


15 

16 

17 

Wings with cell M 1 present (fig. 323); antennae 

short, less than one-fourth the wing; male hypopygium 

with outer dististyle not as above (figs. 

356-360) .............. 15 

Male hypopygium (fig. 359) with tergal lobes very 

large and widely separated by a broad U-shaped 

emargination; outer dististyle a flattened blade, tip 

acute, with a longer erect subterminal spine, inner 

style without spines; aedeagus beyond base an 

elongate slender blackened rod. 

sequoiarum Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 356-358, 360) with tergal 

lobes more reduced and approximated, the emargination 

correspondingly small; outer dististyle and 

aedeagus not as above, the latter commonly with 

a subtending membranous sheath to appear more 

or less flattened, reniform (except in hepatica and 

indistincta) .............. 16 

Wings virtually unpattemed except for the stigmal 

darkening; male hypopygium with a tuft or brush 

of yellow setae on inner dististyle; outer dististyle 

a narrow pale blade terminating in a curved spine; 

aedeagus not flattened-reniform ...... 17 

indistincta group 

Wings with darkened pattern more evident, including 

seams at origin of Rs and over the cod, male 

hypopygium more simple in structure, inner dististyle 

without a tuft of setae, outer style with a 

ventral flange that is produced into one to several 

spines or points to produce a comblike appearance 

(exceptinbarberi) ........... 18 

Wings unpattemed except for the faintly darkened 

stigma; male hypopygium with apex of basistyle 

without a brush of setae; gonapophysta appearing 

as broad triangular blades (Oregon Report, p. 65, 

fig. 43) .......... idistincta Doane 

Wings with a small darkened cloud on anterior cord; 

male hypopygium with a brush of long yellow 

setae on outer apical part of basistyle; gonapophyses 

appearing as slender elongate rods (Oregon 

Report, p. 65, fig. 42) .... hepatica Alexander 

18 Male hypopygium (figs. 356-358) with gonapophyses 

appearing as slender pale blades, parallel-sided or 

narrowed outwardly, not or scarcely dilated before 

tips ................ 19 

Male hypopygium (fig. 360) with gonapophyses conspicuously 

expanded before the acute tips . . 22 

19 Male hypopygium (fig. 356) with both dististyles 

simple and smooth, without denticles; wing (fig. 

18) (Oregon Report, p. 65, fig. 40) .... 

bar= 

Male hypopygium with outer dististyle bearing one to 

severel denticles on inner margin near apex; inner 

style bilobed or provided with numerous micro- 

Alexander 

-pic spinules (figs. 357, 358, 360) .... 20 

20 IMW dististyle bilobed into two simple arms; outer 

style with a more or less distinct comb of spines, 

least developed in CreSpaRi (fig. 357) ..... 21 

Inner dististyle with numerous microscopic spinules 

additional to the terminal pins outer style with 

a single major spine additional to the apex (fig. 

358) .......... freeborn- Alexander 

21 Outer dististyle with teeth small and reduced in 

number, only the outennost dearly defined: 

gonapophysis relatively short, straight, a trifle ex- 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

panded before the acute tip (fig. 357); wing (fig. 

323) .......... cressoni Alexander 

Outer dististyle with a comb of 7 or 8 strong teeth or 

spines on inner margin; gonapophysis slender, CUNed, 

narrowed to the subacute tip (Oregon Report, 

p. 65, fig. 45) ...... oregonensis Alexander 


Small species (wing about 9-10 mm); male hypopygium 

with ventral comb of spines of outer 

dististyle very reduced to subobsolete; inner style 

extended into a long slender rod that is provided 

with long delicate setae; apical point of gonapophysis 

very long and slender, beaklike (Oregon 

Report, p. 65, fig. 41) .... boharti Alexander 


Larger species (wing about 12-13 mm); male hypopygium 

(fig. 360) with ventral comb of outer 

dististyle comprised of 4 or 5 coarse teeth; inner 

style compact, including an outer point and 

numerous hairlike spinules; apical point of gonapphysis 

short ..... vancowerensis Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 372375) with aedeagus 

three-branched, the arms very long and slender 

(in local species) ... PHYLIDOREA Bigot 24 

Male hypopygium not as above ........ 29 

General coloration of thorax blackened, gray pruinose 25 

General coloration of thorax light brown to dull 

fulvous ............... 26 

Tips of femora narrowly blackened, the amount subequal 

on all legs; basal antennal flagellar segments 

yellow 

......... aequiafra Alexander 

Tips of femora blackened, very broadly so on fore 

legs, narrowly on other pairs; antennal flagellum 

dark brown ........ olympica Alexander 

(Mimital: Oregon) 

Male hypopygium (fig- 374) with median lobe of 

tergite entire; tips of gonapophyses shallowly 

bidentate .......... fIavapiIa mane 

Male hypopygium with median area of tergite with 

two approximated lobes, gonapophp appearing as 

simple slender spines .......... 27 

Male hypopygium (fig. 372) with filaments of 

aedeagus short, about as long as the basistyles . 

brevifilosa Alexander 

Male hypopygium with filaments of aedeagus long 

and slender, about onehalf longer than the 

basistyles (figs. 373, 375) ........ 28 

Wings not or scarcely patterned except for the stigmal 

darkening; male hypopygium (fig. 375) with lateral 

extensions of tergal lobes elongate, the lobes approximated 

....... nevadensia Alexander 

(Extralimital: Nevada) 

Wings weakly patterned with brown, including outer 

cells, cord and seams along veins Cu and both 

An&; male hypopygium (fig. 373) with lateral 

extensions of tergal lobes short, triangular in outline, 

the lobes separated ... burdicki Alexander 

Antennae more or less elongate, proximal fiagellar 

m t s with ventral verticils; male hypopygium 

with apex of outer dististyle bidentate; gonapophysis 

conspicuously modified and spined at tip . 

ARCTOLIMNOPHILA Alexander 

daggi Alexander 

Antennae short, proximal flagellar segments more or


less dilated and without vdcils beneath; male 

hypopygium (tips. 369-371) with apex of outer 

dististyle simple; gonamhp app-* 85 simple 

blades (fig. 369) or bispinous (tips. 370, 371) . 30 

30 Male hypapygium (6g. 369) with gonapophysas 

appearing as long glabrous paddlelike bladea, the 

tips obtuse; aedeagus dongate, narrowed to the 

simple decurved tip; outer dististyle (in 1-1 

species) bearing a major taoth at near mi&-@ 

of lower margin; ninth tergite with pmterior border 

strongly produced . AFROLIMNOP- Alexander 

amabis Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 370,371) with gonamhbidentate 

to virtually simple; their tips acute, 

aedeagus straight, in cases very small, apex shallowly 

notched; outer dististyle a simple glabrous rod, 

the tip obtuse; ninth tergite with posterior border 

gently emarginate ........... 

HESPEROLlMNOPHILA Alexander 3 1 

31 General coloration of body polished f-ou; 

femora yellow, tips narrowly darkened; male hypopygium 

(fig. 371) with aedeagus very small, shorter 

than the gonapophy== (Oregon Reporf P- 65, fig. 

44, 8 hyp.) ........ rubida Alexander 

General coloration polished blaclc; femora chiefly 

blackened, bases restrictedly yellow; male hypopygium 

(6g. 370) with aedequs slender, longer than 

the gvnapophysee ........... 32 

32 Head and disk of mesmotal praescutum polished 

black; male hypopygium (fig. 370) with apical 

lobe of basistyle low, leas than one-half the remainder 

of style (Yellowstone Report, p. 741, 6g. 

19, 8 hyp.) ....... nycferia Alexander 

Pra-tum gray with four polished black stripes; 

male hypopygium with apical lobe of basistyle 

long, over one-half the remainder of style ... 

euxwta Alexander 

(Ektdimital: Oregon) 

Subgenus Afrolimnophila Alexander 

Limnophila (Afroli-phila) Alemander, 1956, RuweaEori Expedition 

1934-35, I, no. 7:284-290, figs. 133, 138, 140, 

212, 213. 

The present species is the only New World representative 

of the subgenus which elsewhere has several 

species in the Ethi+ian and Oriental regions. 

Limnophila (Afrolimnophila) amabilis Alexander 

(Figa 328, 369) 

Limphila amabilis Alexander, 1950, Pan-PacifiC Ent 26:- 

85. 

Holotype 8; Hatchet Pass, near Burney, Shasta County, 

Calif. (CPA). 

G-&aphic ran&.--Known only from California. 

California ~~S.-SHASTA CO.: Castle Crags State Park, 

2100 feet, VII-27-50; Castle Creek, VII-30-50 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Hatchet Pass, near Bumey, 4000 feet, VII- 

9-47 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); types. 

Subgenus Arctolimnophila Alexander 

Limphila (Arctolimphila) Alexander, 1966, Amer. Ent 

Soc. Trans. 92:118, fig. 4 (ven.); fig. 10 (3 hyp.). 

The subgenus was proposed for two Nearctic species, 

one occurring in California. 

Limnophila (Arctolimnophila) claggi Alexander 

Li-phila (Phylidom) daai Alexander, 1930, Brooklyn Ent. 

Soc. Bd. 25:281-282. 

Holotype 8; Bobtail Creek, Grand County, Colorado 

(CPA). 

Geographic ran&.-British Columbia; California, Colorado, 

Idaho, Oregon, Washingon, Wyoming, eastward to Michigan. 

Cdifomia recmds;--sHAsT~ CO.: 8 mi. SE of Bade, 

VI-17-59 (G. W. Byeax, UK). Castle Crags State Park, 

2000 feet, VI143 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SONOMA Co.: 

4 mi. W of Plantation, V-8-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). TEHAMA 

CO.: Near Lassen Volcanic National Park, VI-15-59 (G. W. 

BY-, =)- 

Subgenus Brachylimnophila Alexander 

Limnophila (Brachylimnophila) Alexander, 1966, her. Ent 

Soc. Trans. 92:119-121, fig. 6 (veri.); fig. 13 (8 hyp.). 

A small Holarctic pup, including the Palaearctic 

Limnophila (Brachylimnophila) nemoralis (Meigen ) , 

the Nearctic L. (E.) brevifurca Osten Sacken, L. (B.) 

occidens Alexander, and a few other species in the 

Old World 

L 

u " . - 

--." ___ I,. 

--1. 

-.-.__- ~__ L5-d 1 

Y. ,a ., Y S I tm *I. I* .n 4,. 

Map 77. Locality records in California for Limnophila 

(BrachyIiauwphila> oocidens Alexander (circles). 

Limnophila (Brachylimnophila) occidens Alexander 

(Figs. 329, 376; Map 77) 

Limnophila occidens Alexander, 1924, U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 

64 (10):13.


Holotype 8; Seattle, Washington (USNM). 


Colorado, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. 

California recordsr--DEc Nom Co.: 26.5 mi. NW of 

Crescent City, VI-22-59 (G. W. Byq W). -NO (3.: 

Sequoia National Foreat, Hume Lake, 5300 feet, VI-20-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Kmgs Canyon National Park, Swale 

Camp, 6400 feet, VII-19-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

HUMBOLDT CO.: Prairie Creek State Park, VIII-10-48 (C. 

P. Al-der and K. M. Fender, CPA); VII-30,31-45, VIII- 

2-50 (C. P. Alemander, CPA). KERN Co.: Gleaville Creek, 

crossing at County Fire Station, IV-18-62 (R E. FMIamy, 

5130, Bellamy Coll.). Greenhorn Mountains, Cedar Creek 

Tributary "B," V-15-61 (R. E. BeUamy, 5020, Bellamy 

Coll.). MARIPOSA Co.: Y d t e National Park, Bridalveil 

Creek, 7000 feet, VII-7-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Wawana, 

5000 feet, VI-5-39 (A. Dawn-, CPA). M E " O Co.: 

Mendwino, VI-19-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONO Co.: 

Mammoth Lakes District, Coldwater Creek, 9OOO feet, VII- 

6-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). West Walker River, near Chris 

Flat Forest Camp, 6500 feet, VII-18-50 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). MONTBRSY Co.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings 

Re~erOation, Roberolon Creek, VI-1548 (J. Lind.de, HR). 

NEVADA Co.: Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Mils, VII-2-54 

(J. A. P~well, CIS); VII-18-62 (M. E Irwin, UCD). 

Truck- VIII-1948 (C. P. Al-der, CPA). PLACER COS: 

Deep Creek, Truckee River, 5950 feet, VI-30-47 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). PLUMAS Co.: Gold Latce Camp, VII-22-16 

(H. G. Dyar, USNM); types. Co.: San Jacinto 

Mountains, Fuller Mill Creek, 6000 feet, VI-29-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SAN BERNARDIN~ Co.: San Bemardino 

Mountains, Barton Flats, 6400 feet, VII-14,1546, IX-12/25- 

46, V11-3-58 (C. P. Almder, CPA); Mill Creek Camp, 

Thurman Flats picnic area, 3400 feet, V-6/9-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA); Seven Oaks, along Santa Ana River, 5000 

feet, VI-30-63 (C. P. Al-dw, CPA). SAN DIEGO CO.: 

Palomar Mountain, Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VII-7-45 (J. A. 

Cornstock, CPA). SAN MATEO Co.: South San FrancisCO, VI- 

6-52 (& B. Leech, CAS). SANTA CLARA Co.: Corte Madera 

Creek, Palo Alto, V-15-06 (R. W. Doane, CAS). S-A 

CO.: Bumey Falls, VIII-1-58 (C. P. Aleaander, CPA). Castle 

Crags State Park, 2100 feet, VIIE14-48, VII-6-53 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Hatchet Pass, near Burney, 4000 feet, VII- 

947, VIII-12-48 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Lassen Volcanic 

National Park, Hat Creek, VIE1843 (W. C. Day, CAS); 

Upv Kings Creek Mead-, 7400 feet, VII-6,7-47, VII- 

21-50 (C. P. Al-der, CPA). SIERRA CO.: 4.8 mi. SE of 

Sierraville, VI-14-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). SXSKXYOU CO.: 

Mount Shasta City, in light trap, VI-21-VII-11-58, VIII- 

22-58 (J. A. Powell, CIS); VI-18-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). 

SONOMA CO.: Jenner, V-8-58 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). 4 mi. W 

of Plantation, V-8-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). TEHAMA Co.: 

Near Lassen Volcanic National Park, VI-15-59 (G. W. Byers, 

UK). Tu- CO.: Camp Nelson, Nelson Creek, 5000 feet, 

V-29-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Sequoia National Park, 

Giant Forest, Deer Creek at visitor's center, 6400 feet, VI- 

19-63; Round Meadow, VII-1846, VII-14-50 (C. P. 


Subgenus Dendrolimnophila Alexander 

Limnophila (Dendrolimnophila) Alexander, 1949, Amer. Midland 

Nat. 42:314, figs. 44, 47. 

The group was based on the single Nearctic species, 

albomanicata. A second species, Limnophila (Dendrolimnophila) 

shikohensis Alexander, 1953, occurs in 

Japan. 

Map 78. Locality records in California for Limnophila 

(Dendrolimmphi1a) albomanicata (Alexander) (circles) and 

L. (Elomphila) aleator Alexander (triangles). 

Limnophila (Dendrolimnophila) albomanicata 

(Alexander) 

(Fig. 330, Map 78) 

Shanno-yia albomanicata Alexander, 1945, Pan-Pacific Ent. 

21 : 96-97. 

Holotype ?; Ilwaco, Washington (CPA). 

Geographic rangeicalifornia, Oregon, Washington. 

California recoids.-Hmm CO.: Prairie Creek State 

Park, VIII-1048 (C. P. Alexander and K. M. Fender, CPA); 

VIII-2-50, VII-1143, VII-24-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Willow Creek, VI-20-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). SISKIYOU CO.: 

Mount Shasta City, VI-18-59 (G. W. Bye- UK). 

Subgenus Eloeophila Rondani 

Eloeophila Rondani, Dipt Ital. prodr. 1856:182. (Elaeophila 

of authors, erroneous.) 

Ephelia Schiner, 1863, Wien. Ent Monatschr. 7:222. 

A relatively large, chiefly Holarctic subgenus with 

about 20 species in North America, of which seven 

occur in California. 

Limnophila (Eloeophila) aldrichi Alexander 

(Fig. 361)


Limnophila (Ephelia) aldrichi Alexander, 1927, U. S. Natl. 

Mus. Proc. 72 (2):ll-12, fig. 6 ( 8 hyp.). 

Holotype $; Glacier National Park Station, Montana 

(USNM). 

Geographic range.-Alberta; California, Montana, Oregon, 

Washington. 

California records-A~d~~o~ CO.: Without exact locality, 

VI-1-65 (C. D. Hynq HC). MONO Co.: Leevitt Meadow, 

7200 feet, in flight trap, VIII-13-63 (I€ B. Leech, CAS). SAN 

BERNARDINO Co.: San kardino Mountains, Barton Flats, 

6300 feet, VII-14-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SHASTA Co.: 

Castle Crags State Park, 2000 feet, VIIS3 (C. P. 


Limnophila (Eloeophila) aleator Alexander 

(Fig. 362; Map 78) 

Limnophila (Elomphila) aleator Alexander, 1945, Amer. Midland 

Nat. 33:422-423, fig. 24 (ven.), fig. 27 ( 8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8; Grand Teton National Foreet, Wyoming 

(CPA). 

Geographic ran&.-California, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, 

Wyoming. 

California records.-MONTEREY CO. : Hastings Reservation, 

Finch Creek, V-9-46 (J. Linsdale, CPA). SANTA CLARA CO.: 

Stanford University, 111-30-1900 (R. W. Doane, CAS). 

SANTA CRUZ Co.: Waddell Creek, IV-1030 (F. Bianchi, 

CPA). SHASTA Co.: Castle Crags State Park, 2000 feet, VII- 

6-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SIERRA CO.: Cold Creek, VI- 

26-65 (C. D. Hynes, HC). TEHAMA Co.: Near Lassen 

Volcanic National Park, VI-15-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). 

Limnophila (Eloeophila) angustior Alexander 

(Fig. 363) 

Limnophila (Ephelia) angustior Alexander, 19 19, Canad. 

Ent 51: 163-164. 

Holotype $ ; Platte Canyon, Colorado (CPA). 

Geographic range.--California, Colorado, Montana, Oregon, 

Utah, Wyoming. 

California reC0rd.-M0~0 Co.: West Walker River, 6500 

feet, VII-18-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Limnophila (Elomphila) apiculata Alexander 

(Fig. 364) 

Limnophila (Ephelia) apiculata Alexander, 19 19, Canad. 

Ent 51:164. 

Holotype $; Alpine, San Diego County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.--knawn only from California 

Californie records--- Co.: Grearhorn Mounbin.9, Cedar 

Creek Tributary “B,” V-1-1 (R. E. Bedlemy, 5020, CPA). 

SAN DIEGO Co.: Alpine, IV-8-15 (M. C. Van -, CPA); 

type- Palomar Mountain, h e Cwk, 4700 feet, VI-745 

(J. A. Comstock, CPA). 

Limnophila (Eloeophila) edentata Alexander 

(Figs. 324, 365) 

Limnophila (Ephelia) edenata Alexander, 1919, Canad. 

Ent. 51:164-165. 

Holotype 8 ; Alpine, San Diego County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Arizona, California. 

California records.-MONTEREY CO.: santa Lucia Mountains, 

Hastings Reservation, Finch Creek, V-20,2 1-43; Robertson 

Creek, VI-15-48 (J. Linsdale, CIS). Los Padres National 

Foreat, salmon C d , V-11-58 (reared) (C. D. Hyne~, HC); 

VI-28-61 (C. D. Hynes, HC). SAN BERNARDWO Co.: San 

Bernardino Mountains, Cienega, Sugarloaf Mountain, 7200- 

7400 feet, VII-1646 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Barton Flats, 

7400 feet, VI-1-6 (C P. Alexander, CPA). Mountain 

Home, VI-8-24 (F. R. Cole, CIS). SAN Drw;o Co.: Alpine, 

IV-9-15 (M. C Van Duzee, CPA); type. Palomar Mountain, 

b e C w VII-4/645 (J. A. Cornstock, CPA) ; VII-11,12- 

46 (C. P. Alexander and J. A. Comstock, CPA). 

Limnophila (Eloeophila) modoc Alexander 

(Fie. 366) 

.I 

Lirnnophila (Elomphila) modoc Alexander, 1944, Great Basin 

Nat. 5:95-97. 

Holotype $ ; Davis Creek, Modoc County, Calif. (CPA). 


California record.-MO~c CO.: Davis Creek, 5000 feet, 

vII-11-22 (A. w. Lindsqr, CPA); type. 

Limnophila (Eloeophila) nupta Alexander 

(Fig. 367) 

Limnophila (Eloeophila) nupta Alexander, 1947, Ent. News 

58: 207-208. 


Calif. (CPA). 


California record.-MARIpOsA CO.: Yosemite National Park, 

Bridalveil Creek, 7075 feet, VII-22-46 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA); type. 

Subgenus Hesperolimnophila Alexander 

Limphila (Hespedimnophila) Alexander, 1966, Amer. Ent 

Soc Trans. 92:118, 119, fig. 5 (ve-n.1, figs. 11, 12 (8 hyp.). 

The subgenus was based on three species from 

western north America that are characterized in the 

key, the sub-genotype being rubida 

Limnophila (Hesperolimnophila) nycteris Alexander 

(Figs. 326, 370) 

Limnophila (Phylidorea) nycteris Alexander, 1943, Amer. Midland 

Nat. 30:744-745, fig. 16 (ven.), fig. 19 ( 8 hyp.). 

Holotype $ ; Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (CPA). 

Geographic ran&.-Califomia, Oregon, Wyoming. 

California rexrds.--SNASTA Co.: Castle crags state Park, 

2000 feet, W-6/&-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SIS~UYOU Co.: 

Mount Shasta City, VI-18-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). TEIUMA 

Co.: Near Lassen Volcanic Natimal Park, VI-15-59 (G. W. 

Byers, UK). Co.: Sequoia National Park, Tharp’s 

bg, Log Meadow, VII-2046, VIIS0 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). 

Limnophila (Hesperolimnophila) rubida Alexander 

(Figs. 327, 371) 

Limnophila rubida Alexander, 1924, U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 

64( 10) : 12-13.


Holotype 8 ; Prospect, Oregon (USNM). 

Geographic range.4alifomiaJ Oregon. 

California zecods.-D~L Nom Co.: State Line Creek, 

Califomia-Oregon border on Highway 199, VIII-9-48 (C. P. 

Alexander and K. M. Fender, CPA); VII-27-58 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). HUMBOLDT 0.: Prairie Creek State Park, 

VIII-10-48 (C. P. Alexander and K. M. Fender, CPA); VIII- 

2-50, VII-24-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MADERA Co.: 

Devils Pwtpile National Monument, Red's Meadows, 7600 

feet, VII-7,29--57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). StusTA CO.: 

Hatchet Pass, near Burney, 4000 feet, VIII-12-48 (C. P. 


Subgenus Phylidorea Bigot 

Phylidorea Bigot, Soc. Ent France Ann. 1854:456. 

An extensive subgenus of Holarctic Limnophila 

including about 38 Nearctic species of which four 

occur in California with others also western. The 

three-branched aedeagus of the male hypopygium is 

distinctive of the subgenus. 

Limophila (Phylidorea) aequiatra Alexander 

Limophila (Phylidorea) aequiafra Alexander, 1949, her. 

Midland Nat 42:314-316. 

Holotype 9; Galena Camp, Mount Baker, Washington 

( CPA) . 

Geographic ran&.Alifornia, Oregon, Washington. 

California recod.-Px.Am Co.: Truckee, 6000 feet, VII4 


Limnophila (Phylidorea) brevifilosa Alexander 

(Figs. 325, 372) 

Limophila (Phylidorea) brevifilosa Alexander, 1959, Ent 

News 70:50-51. 

Holotype 8; Intake Camp, Inyo County, Calif. (CPA). 


California record.-INYO CO.: Big Pine Creek, trail to 

Palisade Glacier, 9000 feet, VII-11-57 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Intake Camp, Middle fork of Bishop Creek, 8000 feet, 

VII-8-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); types. 

Limnophila (Phylidorea) burdicki Alexander 

(Fig. 373) 

Limnophila (Phylidore9) burdicki Alexander, 1964, Great 

Basin Nat 24:120-121. 

Holotype 8; 4 mi. W of Plantation, Sonoma County, Calif. 

(CIS). 

Geogzaphic range.-Known 


California records.--SIiASTA Co.: 8 mi. SE of Bade, VI- 

17-59 (G. W. By-, UK). SONOMA 03.: 4 mi. W of Plantation, 

V-1/8-58 (D. Burdick, CIS); types. 

Limnophila (Phylidorea) Aavapila Doane 

(Fig. 374) 

Limophila flavapila Doane, 1900, N. Y. Eht. Soe. Jour. 8: 190, 

pl. 8, fig. 1 (wing). 

Syntypes 1 d ,30; Pullman, Washington (USNM). 

Synonym.-Limophila (Phylidorea) strepens Alexander, 

1916, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 68:532-533. 

Holotype $; Marin County, Calif. (USNM). 

Geographic range.-Bntish 

Washington. 

Columbia; California, Oregon, 

California -~~~;--MAIzIN CO.: No exact locality (H. Edwards, 

USNM); type of strepens. SAN DIFX~~ 

State Park, Green Valley Falls, Sweetwater River, 3900 feet, 

IV-28-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SANTA BARBARA Co.: 

Summerland, 1-28-60 

(C. Kirkwood, CPA). 

Subgenus Prionolabis Osten Sacken 

CO.: Cuyama~a 

Limophifa (Prionofabis) Osten Sacken, Acad. Nat. Sci Phila. 

Proc. 1859:239. 

A relatively large and important subgenus of 

Limnophila including about a score of species in North 

America, of which eight occur in California. In the 

Palaearctic region there are about 23 species in Japan, 

with fewer in the Himalayas and western China, and 

three in Europe. 

I. L 

.. . ,= ,I w I" /* $1, I. >,% .* 

Map 79. Locality records in California for Limophila 


California records.-MARIPOSA Co.: Yosemite National 

Park, Badger Pass, 7200 feet, VI-12-50 (C. P. Al-der, 

CPA). Bridalveil Creek, 7000 feet, VII-850 (C. P. Al-dw, 

CPA). Wawona, SO00 feet, VI-6-39 (A. Domes, CPA). 

NEVADA Co.: Donner Pass, 7200 feet, VI-11-47 (K. M. 

Fender, CPA). PLUMAS Co.: Meadow Valley, 35004000 

feet, VI424 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS). SHASTA Co.: BUrnW, 

V-30-39 (T. H. G. Aitken and M. A. Mer, CPA). TuLARE 

CO.: Sequoia National Park, VI-6/8-42 (0. mer, CPA); 

Dorst Camp, along stream, 6500 feet, VII-5-50 (C. P. 

Aiexander, CPA). 

Limnophila (Prionolabis) barberi Alexander 

(Figs. 18, 356; Map 79) 

Limnophila (Priortolabis) barberi Alexander, 1916, N. Y. Ent. 

Soc. Jour. 24:122. 

Holotype 8; Eureka, Humboldt County, Calif. (USNM). 

Geographic range-ifomia, Oregon, Washington. 

California recorda--ALA~g~~ Co.: Berkedey, V-16-15 (M. 

C. Van Duzee, CPA). CONTRA COSTA 03.: Orinda, V-6-39 

(T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). HUMBOL~ Co.: Eureka, V-24-03 

(H. S. Barber, USNM); type. MARIN Co.: Alpine Lake, 

V-25-58 (J. A. Powell, CIS). Mill Valley, IV-5-26 (M. C. 

Van hee, CPA); V-10-58 (I€ B. Leech, CAS). MO-Y 

CO.: Santa Luck Mountains, Hastings Reservation, Headquarters, 

IV-30-V-8-46, V-14/29-50 (J. Linsdale, CIS); 

IKS Padres National Forest, Salmon Creek, IV4-58 (C. D. 

HJTI~S, CPA); V-2-64 (C. P. Al-dm and C. D. Hyne~, 

CPA). SANTA CLARA Co.: Mount Hamilton, 3000 feet, V-19- 

40 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA). SANTA CRUZ Co.: Santa Cw, 

VI-11-19 (E. P. Van Duzq CAS). TULARF. Co.: Sequoia 

National Park, VI-6/8-42 (0- Degener, CPA). 

Limnophila (Prionolabis) cressoni Alexander 

(Figs. 323, 35% Map 80) 

Limnophila cresoni Alexander, 1917, Canad Ent 49:208-209, 

fig. 7 (ven.). 

Holotype 8; Lagunitas Canyon, Marin County, Calif. 

( ANSP) . 



California records.-- CO.: Invemess, IV-4/763 (P. 

H. Amaud, CAS). Lagunitas Canyon, III-29-08 (E. T. Cresson, 

ANSP); typee. Mill Valley, 111-13-26 (M. C. Van Duzee, 

CPA). Samuel P. Taylor State Park, V-8-49 (H. B. Leech, 

CAS). SAN MA= Co.: N-6-06 (R. W. h e , CAS). 

SONOMA CO.: 1 mi. S of Cazadero, 11-2463 (J. A. Powell, 

CIS). 4 mi. W of Plantstion, V-1-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). 

Limnophila (Prionolabis) freeborni Alexander 

(Fig. 358; Map 80) 

Lirnnophila (Prionolabis) fi.eebonu' Alexander, 1943, Great 


Holotype 8 ; Echo Lake, El Dorado County, Calii. (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Known only fmm California. 

California reoords;--E~ Do- Co.: Upper Echo Lake, 

Freeborn Cabin, 7500 feet, VI-2-40 (T. I€ G. Aitken, CPA); 

type. SHASTA CO.: Lassen Volcanic National Park, Upper 

Kings Creek Meadows, 7500 f-t, in spider web, VI-6-47 

(C. P. Alemmder, CPA). 

Map 80. Locality records in California for Li-phila 

(Prionolabis) cressoN Alexander (circles), L. (P.) freeborni 

Alexander (triangles), and L. (P.) indistincta Doaue (squares). 

Limnophila (Prionolabis) hepatica Alexander 

Limnophila hepatica Alexander, 1919, Ent News 30:215. 

Holotype '2; Fieldbrook, Humboldt County, Calif. (USNM). 


California records.-HuMBoLDT Co.: Fieldbrook, V-18-03 

(H. S. Barber, USNM); type. MARIN Co.: Inverness, IV-4/7- 

63 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). Mill Valley, 111-26-26 (M. C. 

Van Duzee, CPA). Muir Woods, V-30-64 (C. P. Alader, 

CPA). MONTERRY CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Los Padres 

National Forest, Salmon Creek, IV-25-58 (C. D. Hynes, 

CPA) ; V-2-64 (C. P. Al-der and C. D. HJTXS, CPA). 

Limnophila (Prionolabis) indistincta Dome 

(Map 80) 

Limphila indistincta Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 

8:191-192, pl. 8, fig. 6 (Wing). 

Hdo- 0 ; Collins, Idaho (USNM). 

Geographic ran&.-British Columbia; California, Idaho, 


California reoorda--D~~ NOR%% CO.: 2 mi. NE of Crescent 

City, VI-22-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). HUMBOLDT Co.: Prairie 

Creek State Park, VII-23-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SHASTA 

CO.: Castle Crags State Park, 2100 feet, VII-6-53 (C. P. 


Limnophila (Prionolabis) sequoiarum Alexander 

(Fig. 359) 

Li-phila (Prionolabis) Seqrpoianrm Alexander, 1943, Great 

Basin Nat 4:89-91.


confluent or virtually SO .... aridda Alexander 

(nigrodorsalis Alexander) 

(Extralimital: Oregon ) 

3 General coloration of entire body shiny black . . 

4 

nigronifida Alexander 

General coloration of body reddish yellow to fulvous 4 

Macrotrichia of wing disk practically confined to the 

cells beyond level of Wigin of Rs, bases of cells 

R and 2nd A with few or no trichia (fig. 335) . 

vanduzeei Alexander 

Mamtrichia of wing disk more extensive, extending 

almost to wing base in cells R and 2nd A . . 

c&nkoZa Alexander 

Ulomorpha nigronitida Alexander 

Ulomorpha N*groN‘fida Alexander, 1920, Calif. Ad. si. PrOC. 

ser. 4, 10:4041. 

Holotype $; Huntington Lake, Fresno County, Calif. 

(CAS). 

Geographic ran&.-ifomb, Own. 

California XVBZO&S.--FRBSNO Co.: Huntington Lake, 7000 

feet, VII-16-19 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS); type. Tu- (3.: 

Sequoia National Park, Log Meadow, VII-19-46 (M. M. 


Ulomorpha quinquecellula Alexander 

(Fig. 334) 

Ulomrpha quinqudlda Alexander, 1920, Calif. Acad. Sci. 

Proc. ser. 4:10:40. 

Holotype 8; Huntington Lake, Fresno County, calif. 

(CAS). 

Geographic ran&.-Known only from California 

California records.-Dm NO- C0.: 26.5 mi. of 

Crescent City, VI-22-59 (G. W. Byers et al., UK). FRES” 

CO.: Huntington Lake, 7000 feet, VII-16-19 (E. P. Van 

bee, CAS); type. Kings Canyon National Park, Swale 

Camp, VIII-6-59 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SIUsTlr Co.: 

Castle Crags State Park, 2100 feet, VII-29-50 (C P. 

Alexander, CPA). SI.%~YOU CO.: South fork of Sacramento 

River, near Gumboot Lake, 6500 feet, in DarZingfOnia association, 

VIII-1348 (C. P. Alexandea, CPA). 

Ulomorpha sierriwla Alexander 

Ulomorpha sierrkola Alexander, 1918, Canad Ent 50:163- 

164. 


Geographic rangedifornia, Oregon, Washington. 

California reeords.-DgL NO- Co.: State Line B d , 


Alexander, CPA). FRES” CO.: Kings Canyon National Park, 

Swale Camp, VIII-6-59 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). HUMBOLDT 

Co.: Willow Creek, VI-20-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). SHASTA 

CO.: Bumey Falls, VIII-1-58 (C P. Alexander, CPA). 

Castle Crags State Park, VII-3038 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

SoNOMll CO.: Jeoner, V-8-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). 

Ulomorpha vanduzeei Alexander 

(Fig. 335) 

Ulornorpha vanduzeei Alexander, 1920, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. 

ser. 4, 10:41. 

Holotype 8; Cascada, Fresno County, Calif. (CAS). 

Geographic range.--Celifomia, Oregon. 

California records.--F~~~~~o CO.: Cascada, 5000 feet, VII- 

29-19 (E. P. Van Dutee, CAS); type: Kings Canyon National 

Park, Swale Camp, 6400 feet, VII-19-57 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Mark Twain Big Tree, near Sequoia National Park, 6300 

feet, VII-7-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Sequoia National 

Forest, Hume Lake, 5300 feet, VI-20-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Without exact data, VII-27-65 (C D. Hynes, HC). 

HUMEOLDT Co.: Si Rivers National Forest, 10 mi. W of 

Willow Creedr, VIII-1-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MARIPOSA 

Co.: Y-ite National Park, Wawona, Chilnualna Creek, 

4000 feet, VII-9-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). PLACER CO.: 

Deep Creek, Truckee River, 5950 feet, VI3047 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SHA~TA Co.: Castle Crags State Park, 2100 

feet, VIII-13-48, VII-28-50 .(C. P. Alexander, CPA). SIERIU 

CO.: Without exact data, VI-26-65 (C. D. Hynes, HC). 

TULARE Co.: Sequoia National Park, Dorst Camp, 6800 feet, 

VII-1857; Round Meadows, VII-1846, VI1450 (C. P. 


Genus Hexafoma Latreille 

Hexatoma Latreille, 1809, Gen. Crust et Ins. 4:260. 

Anisomera Meigen, 1818, syst Beschr. Zweifl. Ins. 1:210. 

Hexafoma comprises a vast aggregation of medium 

to large crane flies with hundreds of species, virtually 

all in the subgenus Eriocera Meigen This subgenus 

is particularly well represented in the Oriental and 

Neotropical regions. In North America there are about 

30 species, of which eleven occur in California, all 

belonging to Eriocera. The immature stages are aquatic 

or semiaquatic, the larvae being carnivorous. 

Subgenus Eriocera Macquart 

Eriocera Macquart, 1838, Dipt Emt 1:74. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ERIOCERA 

1 WingswithcellM~p-t. ........ 2 

wings with cell MI lacking ........ 9 

2 Antennaeofmaleshorterthanthewing ..... 3 

Antennae of male longer than the wing .... 6 

3 Antennae of male about one-half the wing (wing 

about 16mm,antennaabout8mm) .... 

eriophora (Williston) 


4 

5 

Antennae of male shorter, leas than one-half the 

wing ................ 4 

Femora yellow, tips narrowly brownish black, includingtheoutereighth 

orlesa ... aifkeni Alexander 

Femora outwardly brownish black, more narrowly 

yellow basally ............ 5 

Thoracic vestiture long and conspicuous, erect; fore 

femora with outer half blackened; middle femora 

withabouttheouterthirdblackened .... 

albihirta (Alexander) 

Thoracic vestiture shorter and relatively inconspicuous; 

fore and middle femora dark brown, with only 

the extreme bases yellowed (condition not known 

for hind leg) ...... brevipila (Alexander) 

6 Antennae of male less than twice the wing (wing


Hexatoma (Eriocera) austera (Doane) 

(Map 82) 

Eriocera austera Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent Soc JOW. 8:192- 

193, pl. 8, fig. 9 (wing). 

Syntypes 178; Olympia, Washbgbon (mm). 

Synonyms.-Etiocera obeane Williston, 1893, ganS. UGV. 

Quah 2:61. Type: “California” (UK). 

Eriocera parva Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent Eoc. Jw~. 8:192, 

pl. 8, fig. 8 (wing). 

Holotype 8; Stanford Universiw, Santa Clara County, 

Calif. (USNM). 

Eriocera afberta Alexander, 1930, Bmoklyn Ent Soc. Bd. 

25:73. Holotype: Alberta (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Alberta, Yukon; Caliifamia, Colorado, 

New Mexico, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. 

California ~~~~~~s.-ALAMEDA Co.: Tesla Road, 10 mi. E 

of Livermore, 111-14-59 (G. I. Stage, CIS). EL DO- &.: 

China Flat, VI-28, VII-15-48 (P. D. Hwd, CIS). Snowline 

Camp, VII-1248 (P. D. Hurd, CIS). HUMBOLDT Co.: Scotia, 

V-20-03 (H. S. Barber, USNM). Los ANGBLBS Co.: Pasadena, 

no date (R W. Doane, CAS. Detemun * ed by Doane as 

“Anisomera n. sp.” A single male with one wing brolcen at 

two-thirds the length. Venation is much as in typical Hexatoma 

[Anisomera] in the presence of only two medial veins, 

but the genexd appearance is as in austere and I regard it 

as being an aberrant specimea.) MAFUN Co.: Lagunitas 

Canyon, 111-29-08 (E. T. Cresson, ANSP); V-8-49 (P. D. 

Hurd, CIS). MARIPOSA CO.: Yocpanite National Park, Yosemite 

Valley, VI-30-21 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS). SA~XAMEN~ Co.: 

Sacramento, V-14-15 (M. C. Van Duzee, CPA). SAN BER- 

NmmO 03.: VictorVille, V-2-53 (G. A. Marsh and R. 0. 

SchWteP; CIS); IV-23-55 (R 0. Schu~ter, CIS). SAN LUIS 

OBI- CO.: Atascadero, IV-23-09 (collector unknown, 

CPA). SANTA CLARA CO.: Gilroy Hot Springs, 111-7-64 

(T. L. Erwin, SJS). Palo Alto (USNM); type of parva. 

SANTA CRUZ CO.: Felton, 111-9-43 (K. Frick, CIS). 

TUOLUMNE CO.: Yosemite National Park, Tuolumne Meadows 

along Tuolumne River, 8555 feet, VII-15-50, VII-2,347 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). COUNTY UNKNOWN: Los Cerritos, 

IV-14-15 (Ma C. Van DUZW, CPA). 

Hexatoma (Eriocera) azrael Alexander 

(Fig. 336) 

Hexatoma (Eriocera) azrael Alexander, 1943, Great Basin Nat. 

4:98-100. 

Holotype 8 ; Cisco, Nevada County, Calif. (CPA). 


California records.-MARIPOSA Co.: Fish Camp, along Big 

Creek, 4975 feet, VI-17-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). NEVADA 

CO.: Cisco, VI-13-39 (M. A. Cazier, CPA); type. 

Hexafoma (Eriocera) brevipila (Alexander) 

(Map 83) 

Eriocera brevipiZa Alexander, 1918, Canad. Ent. 50: 164-165. 

Holotype 8; Baer’s Ranch, Humboldt County, Calif. 

(USNM). 


California records.-DEL NORTE Co.: Jedediah Smith State 

Park, Smith River, 100 feet, VII-26-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

Map 83. Locality records in Caliiomia for Hexatorna (Eriocera) 

brevipita (Alexander) (triangles), H. (E-) califomka 

(Osten Sacken) (circles), and H. (E.) pal0marem.s Alexander 

(Squ==). 

CPA). HUMFJOLDT CO.: Baer’s Ranch, VI-12-03 (H. S. 

Barber, USNM); type. 

Hexatoma (Eriocera) californica (Osten Sacken) 

(Figs. 19, 337; Map 83) 

Eriocera californica Osten Sacken, 1877, U. S. Geol. and 


Syntypes 26; Marin County, Calif. (MCZ). 


California records.-MARIN CO.: No exact locality (H. Edwards, 

MCZ); type. Lake Lagunitas, VII-1-28 (E. H. Nast, 

CAS). MENWCINO CO.: Rancheria Creek, 2 mi. S of Yorkville, 

dancing in swarms about 16 feet above ground, VII- 

25-54 (H. B. Leech, CAS, CPA). MONTEREY CO.: Estrella 

Camp, VI-25-62 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). NAPA Co.: 5 mi. 

S of Monticello, V-1-52 (E. S. Ross, CAS). 

Hexatorna (Eriocera) dayana Alexander 

Hexatoma (Eriocera) dayana Alexander, 1959, Ent News. 70: 

75-77. 

Holotype 8; Waddell Creek, Santa Cruz County, Calif. 

( CPA) . 


California record.-sANTA CRUZ CO.: Waddell Creek, IV- 

3110-30 (F. Bianchi, CAS); V-19-51 (W. C. Day, CPA); 

type.

118 Bulletin of the California Insect Strn7ey 

Hexatoma (Eriocera) mariposa Alexander 

Nexatoma (Erioczra) maripma Alexazdez, 1943, Gmt Ez&n 

sat. 4:9b-g?~ 

Holotype C : -~/IGTZ~OE Ear, Mariposa County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geo 

.---Knr-.vn mly hxl California. 

Cdiiarnia rfixii-js.-M;\HrwsA Mormon Ekr, VI-6-39 

(A. Dowries, CPA j ; type. SIERRA 8 mi. W oi Downim-iiie, 

VIII-29--98 (P. D. Hurd, E. G. iinsiey, J. W. MacSwatl, 

E. F. Smith, CIS, CPA). 

Hexaroma (Eriocera) pacifica Alexander 

Nexafonla iErioceta) pacifica Alexander, 11356, &it. News 67: 

2 10-21 1. 

.r 

m


vein RZ at or before the fork (fig. 379) 

immature stages occur in decaying wood The vena- 

... 

NEOLIMNOPHILA Alexander 

tion is shown in figure 339. 

(Extralimital: Colorado, brevissima Alexander; 

TRIBE ERIOPTERINI 

northern states, ultima Osten Sacken) 

Alexander, C. P., in Stone, Sabrosky, Wirth, Foote, and Codson, 



The vast tribe Eriopterini includes the great majority 

of small crane flies, with none of the regional 

species having a wing length exceeding 10 mm, excepting 

large males of Erioptera (Trimicra). Most of 

the species are about half that length or approximately 

so. The smallest regional crane fly, Tasiocera, has 

a wing length to about 3.5 mm. From the other tribes 

of the Limoniinae, virtually all species may be told 

from the Limoniini by the presence of four radial 

branches in the wing, from the Pediciini by the nonhairy 

eyes, and from the Hexatomini by the lack of 

tibial spurs. 

The various subtribes are as follows: The Claduraria 

(Chionea to Cladura); Gonomyiaria (Gmpb 

myia, and allies); and the Eriopteraria (Cryptolabis, 

Erioptera, Ormosia, Molophilus, and allies). Some 

genera remain questionable as to their position in 

subtribes, including Lipsothrix, Rhabdomastix, and 

Hesperoconopa, and for the present are placed between 

the two major subtribes as listed. A fourth subtribe, 

the Toxorhinaria, with the single genus Toxorhina, 

is found in Mexico and may be considered to be 

regional. It is readily told by the greatly lengthened 

rostrum, the apparently unbranched Rs of the wings, 

and the deeply forked setae of the legs. The habitats 

of the immature stages are very diverse, as indicated 

under the major genera. 

The arrangement of genera is as follows: 

Chionea Lipsothrix Arctoconopa 

Ndadura Hespemconopa Emped-rpha 

Eugnophomyia CryptoZabis Erioptera 

Gnophomyia Rhabdomastix 0 m . a 

Idiognophomyia Cheilotrichia Tasiocera 

Gonomyia Gonempeda Mol0 philus 

Teucholabis Gonomyodes 

1 

KEY TO THE GENERA AND SUBGENERA 

OF ERIOPTERINI 

Nearly apterous, the wings being reduced to microscopic 

scales that are smaller than the halteres; 

small hairy insects having the appearance of a 

spider ......... CHIONEA Dalman 

(Claduraria) 

Fully winged species ........... 2 

2 Wings with -11 MI present (figs. 377-379) ... 3 

(Claduraria) 

Wings with cell MI 

lacking (figa 380-396, 43-56) 5 

3 Wings with cell Rs short, less than its petiole, 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

Wings with cell R 8 deep, about three to four times its 

petiole, R= beyond the fork ....... 4 

Male hypopygium with two dististyles (fig. 397) 

NEOCLADURA Alexander 

americana Alexander 

Male hypopygium with a single stout dististyle (fig. 

378) ....... CLADURA 0s- Sacken 

(Extralimital: Oregon, various species) 

Two branches of Rs reach the wing margin (figs. 

385, 393) .............. 6 

Three branches of Rs reach the wing margin (figs. 

380-384, 386-392, 394-396, 43-56> ... 7 

Wings with vein Rt lacking; Sc short., SCI ending 

some distance before origin of the short Rr, cell 

ME open by atrophy of basal section of Ms 

(fig. 393) (separate key, p. 122) ..... 

GONOMYIA Meigm in part 

Subgenus “ L E P S Alexander 

cinerea bane 

Vein R p preseat, placed close to the fork of Rs, 

R ~ +s+I ~erp shwt, RS long; cell 1st M L closed 

(figs. 385, 403) 

(Extralimital: Arizona, duncahi Alexander; 

New Mexico, rubescens Alexander) 

Cell R s of wings sessile, Rs forking into veins R I+S 

. . TEUCHOLABIS Osten Sacken 

and Rr+s (figs. 455, 456) ........ 8 

(Eriopteraria, in part) 

Cell R a petiolate, Rs forking mto vein R z+s+4 above 

and Rs below (figs. 380-384, 386-392, 394-454) 

Cell 2nd A long and broad; m-cu beyond the fork of 

M (fig. 456); male hypopygium with two disti- 

styles (figs. 501-524) (separate key, p. 147) . . 

MOLOPHILUS Curtis 

Cell 2nd A short and narrow; mcll before the fork of 

M (fig. 455); male hypopygium with a single 

dististyle (figs. 499, 500); the smallest Caliiomian 

crane flies (separate key, p. 147) ..... 

TASIOCERA Skuse 

Subgenus DASYMOLOPHILUS Goetghebuer 

Wings with Rs short and straighc cell RI small, 

short-triangular, almost equilateral in shape (fig. 

435); male hypopygium with a single dististyle 

(figs. 424, 425) (separate key, p. 129) .... 

CRYPTOLABIS Osten Sacken 

Wings with Rs long, cell R I correspondingly elongate 

(figs. 386-396); male hypowgiUm with two dististyles 

(figs. 437-454) ......... 10 

Wings with cell Ra deep, three or more times its 

petiole; vein R2 present (figs. 380-384, 436, 442, 

444-454) .............. 11 

Wings with cell RJ shallow, not more than twice its 

petiole, in most cases shorter than this; vein Re 

present or lacking (figs. 386492,394-396, 437) . 18 

Coxae of middle and hind legs only slightly separated 

by the narrow impressed meral region; wings with 

Sct far distad, SCI about one-fourth Rs or less 

(figs. 380384) ............ 12 

Coxae of middle and hind legs widely separated by 

the large meral region to present a “pot-Mlied” 

appearauce; wino with Sc 2 retracted, Sc exceed- 

. 

9

. 

~ ~ . 

. 

. 

. 

. 


12 

13 

f4 

15 

16 

19 

20 

i:ig ane-half of Rs (figs. 436, 442, 414-454) . . 15 

Wings Liith veins Sc i and Sc 2 short, subqua1 {figs. 

380, 381, 383) . . . . . . . . ~ . . 13 

Wings .with ..rein Sc: much !ot>ger than S C {figs. ~ 

382. 384: . . I 

. . . . . . . . . 1.1- 

-7 iT" s!loIt, sil;equP; IO o: less than m-cu; 

R 2 much shorter tiIan R ,. [fig. 383); maie 

hypopygium (fig. 4Ul) with the dxshstyles subterminal 

{fig. 353) . EUGNOPKOMYIA AIexander 

(Extralimital: Arizoiia, apache Alexander) 

.: long, exceeding rn-cn; Veins R 1. Y and 

R sllhqllal (figs. 380, 3SI ): ma!c hyppygium 

(fig. 398 1 with the dististyies terminal tsep=rat~ 

lccy, p. 128) 

Eodp coloration b:'act:ened; wings strongly suffused 

with brownish black (fig. 384); legs black, without 

eiongate scaieq mate hypopygium (fig. 402 j with 

the basistyle unarmed; cmater dististyle relatively 

short, simple, narrowed gradually to the tip . 

GIVOFHOMYIA Osien Sacken 

toschiae Alexander 

Body colnratiom brown: wing

Alexander: The Crane Flies of California 

121 

local fauna, C. alexandriana Garrett has the antennae 

six-segmented. The immature stages have been described, 

as summarized in Alexander (1920:950-952). 

Three species presently are known from California 

but two of these still are undescribed and Wit1 be 

included in a forthcoming report by Dr. George W. 

Byers. Dr. Byers has supplied me with the collection 

data for these species in ordet to complete the present 

Paper. 

Chionea alexandriana Garrett 

Chionea alexdriana Garrett, 1922, Wash. Ent Soc. P~oc. 24: 

62. 

Holotype $; Cranbrook, British Columbia (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Alberta, British Columbia; California. 

California records.-Mo~~~ Co.: Lava Beds National Monument, 

Crystal Cave, II-9-62 (J. Schuh and E. Hansm, auct 

G. W. Byers); 18. P L U Co.: ~ Near Caribou, 1-24-22 (H. 

S. Bark, USNM); 19. 

Chionea species 1 Byers 

Chionea species 1 Byers; in press. 

Holotype 8; Caribou, Piurnas County, Calif. (US=). 


California record.-PLUMAS CO.: Near Caribou, 1-24-22 

(H. S. Barber, USNM); types 18, 29. 

Chionea species 2 Byers 

Chionea species 2 Byers; in press. 

Holotype $ ; Sunnyside, near Seneca, Plumas County, Calif. 

(USNM). 

Geographic range.-Alberta, British Columbia; California. 

cdifornia record.-PLUMAS CO.: Sunnyside, near Seneca, 

XII-25,2&22 (H. S. Barber, USNM); types 2 8, 29. 

Genus Neocladura Alexander 

Cladura (Neocladura) Alexander, 1920, N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. 

Expt. Sta. Mem. 38:947. 

There are two species in the genus, the genotype 

N. delicatula (Alexander) being eastern North American 

in distribution. These species, as well as those of 

Cladura Osten Sacken, fly late in the season. 

Neocladura americana (Alexander ) 

(Figs. 377, 397; Map 85) 

Crypteria americana Alexander, 1917, Caned. Ent 49: 29. 

Holotype 9; Mount Angel, Oregon (USNM). 


California records.-Usingw ( 1956), without ,data. MARIN 

Co.: Mill Valley, XII-2-53 (H. B. Leech, CAS). SANTA 

CRUZ CO.: Mount Hemon, X-17-46 (P. H. Amaud, CAS). 

Waddell Creek, 11-1-30 (F. Bianchi, CAS). 

Genus Gnophomyia Osten Sacken 

Gnophomyia Osten Sacken, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1859: 

223. 

." '* I" ,.. I. .,. 

." I. 

. 

- i__ 

" " 3 

I* 

-_._. --.?& I 

Map 85. Locality records in California for Neocladura americana 

(Alexander) (circles), Zdiognophomyia comsfocki (Alexander) 

(triangles), and Lipsofhix shasfa Alexander (squares). 

A major genus of chiefly Holarctic and Neotropical 

crane flies, with fewer species in the Oriental region. 

The immature stages occur in decaying wood, as do 

those of the related Eugnophomyia Alexander, which 

has not been found in California but is regional. 

Gnophomyia (Gnophornyia) toschiae Alexander 

(Figs. 384, 402) 

Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia) toschiae Alexander, 1966, Amer. 

Ent. SOC. Trans. 92:122, 123. 

Holotype 8; Sagehen, near Hobart Mills, Nevada County, 

Calif. (CIS). 

Geographic range.-Canada ( Aklavik, Northwest Territories); 


cdifornia record.-NEVADA CO.: Sagehen, near Hobart 

Mills, VII-5-62 (C. A. Toschi, CIS); type. 

Genus Zdiognophomyia Alexander 

Gnophomyia (Idiognophomyia) Alexander, 1956, Natal Mus. 

Ann. 13: 403-4Q4. 

A very small genus including only seven described 

species that have a very disjunct distribution in the 

eastern Palaearctic, Oriental, Ethiopian, and Nearctic 

regions, the last including only the local species. The 

genus superficially resembles Gnophomyia but is separated 

not only by the peculiar hypopygium but also 

by the presence of abundant linear scales on the legs. 

The immature stages are unknown.

I . 

. 

122 Bulletin of fhe California Insecf Survey 

idiognophornyia comstocki (Alexander ) 

(Figs. 382, 399, 400; Map 85) 

Gnophon?yia c:xxstocki Alexander, 2947, South. Calif, Acad. 

Sci. Bul. 46:45-46, fig. 5 (ven.), fig. 6 (3 hyp.). 

Holotype C: ; Palomar Mountain, Sen Diego County, Calif, 

(CP-4). 

Geographic ronge.-Known only from California. 

California recnr&-Us AXGELES Co.: -Mint Gnyon, V- 

16-37 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). SAN DrzM CO.: Paloinar 

~dountain, Doar;e Cre& 4700 feet, VIL5L.45 (j. A. Coriistuck); 

X-L-46 (C. P. Alexander and J. A. Comstock, 

CPA): ~ype. San Diego, at light, IT1-24-.53 (f. A. Powell, 

CIS). SANTA BARBARA CO.: Figuroa Mountain, campground, 

3200 feet, VI-22-VII-6-65 (C. W. Kirkwood, CPA). 

Genus Gonomyia Meigen 

Gonomyia Meigen, 18 18, Syst Besciw. Zweifl. Ins. 1: 146. 

Goniornyia Osten Sackcn, 1869, Mon. Dipt N. Amer. 4:176. 

One of the largest genera in the Eriopteririe 

Tipulidae, including hundreds of species with representatives 

in all biotic regions. Of the dozen subgenera 

presently recognized, eight occur in the New 

-World, seven in the North American fauna, with five 

in California. The immature stages ace found in damp 

to saturated sand, clay, or silty soil. 

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA Ah% SPECES 

OF GONOMYIA 

I Wings with vein R 3 preserved, placed in the stigii;al 

area Scfnre :he radial fark (fig. 382); maie hypopygiiim 

(fig. 4223 . . PROGONOMYIA Aiexander 

hesperia Alexander 

-__. 

Wings with vein R I lacking (figs. 20, 386-391, 393) 2 

2 Rs with two branches (fig. 393) . . . ~ I , 

NEOLIPC?PII12E_PS P.!exrtr?der 3 

three brmches (figs. 20,386-391) . . . . 4 

3 Mrtle hypopygium with bssal arni 01 1oiig-t disci- 

5:yh bispinous; inner style unarmed . . . . 

helophila Alexander 

(Extralimital: Baja California) 

Male hypopygiurn (fig. 423) with basal arm of longest 

4 

dististyle a simple spine; inner style with a strong 

black spine; wing (fig 393) . . cinerea (Doane) 

Wings (fig. 386) with a supernumerary crussvein in 

cell R 1, connecting veins Rr and Rs . . , . . 

EWTILOSTENA Alexander 5 

-Wings without supernumerary crossveins (figs. 20, 

387-3911 ~ . . . . . . . . . . 6 

5 Ceil C of wings {fig. 386) with a series of about a 

dozen supernumerary crossveins; mdc hypopygium 

(fig. 409 1 with the inner dististj&e branched at near 

one-fourth the length; uedeagus with a strong Bange 

at near midlength . . . . . . pofingi Alexander 

Ceil C without supernumerary crossveins; male 

hypopygium with the inner dististyle and the 

aedeagus simple (Utah Report, p. 51, figs. 26, 28) 

knowitoniana Alexander 

(Extmlirnitai: Utah ) 

6 Wings {fig. 387) with rn-cu approximateiy its oum 

7 

8 

4 

10 

11 

12 

-- 1.1 

14 

15 

length or more before fork of M; cell R I at margin 

closed by the approximation or short fu&n of 

veins R 1 I 2 and R a; male hypopygium (figs. 405- 

412) with the aedeagus a simple straight rod with 

several short setae, tip decurved, gonapophyses 

lacking . . . . . . . . . IDIOCEP? Date 7 

Wings (5gs. 20, 388-331) with 1x1-cu at or close to 

ioik uf X; ceii R I open at margin; male iiyp~pygium 

(figs. 413-421) wilt1 two basal gonapophyses 

that subtend and sheath the aedeagus, 

terminating in blackened spines . . . . . . 

GONOMYIA Meigen 14 

%kgs unpattemed: maie hmpygiium (fr~s. 406, 407) 

with either two or three strong spines near apex 

of aedeagus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 

Wings conspicuously patterned with brown; maie 

hyqmpygiiim (figs. 405, 408-4 iZ j wiin aedeagus 

simple, the tip a short recurved point . . . . . 9 

Maie hypopygium (fig. 406) with four dististyles, 

inner style simple, hairy, terminating in a single 

spke; aedeagus laterally near tip with two parallel 

spines direcied psterioriy . . coioradica Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 407) with three sienber 

disfistyieu, inner style profomdly bifid, the inner 

arm wit\ a few scattered setae; aedeagus with three 

recurved apical spines, the most basal largest, the 

smaller outer spines paired . . gofhicana Alexander 

Maie hypopygium (fig. 405) with apex of outer 

lohe of basistyle narrowed into a shcrt glabrous 

point; (major dististyle unequally bifid. its inner 

arm a slender spine): wing (fig. 3871 . . . . 

caiifornica Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 405-412) with apex of out~r 

lobe of bssistj-!e broad14; obksiae, setiferms . . . 10 

Maie hypopygium (fig. 412) with the major dististyle 

single, large and complex, its lower inner arm a 

long spine . . . . . . . shannoni Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 408411; with the major 

. . . ?I 

dististyle bifid or trifid . . . . ~ 

Male hyppygium (fig. 310) wiih inner arm of 

major diviistyle a iong straighr rod bearing a small 

erect black spine ai near midlength . . . . . 

lindseyi Alexerlder 

Male hypopygium (figs. 408, 409, 411, 412) with the 

major dististyie not as described . . . . . . 12 

Wings with five or six zzall darkened spots in cell 

C; male hypopygium (fig. 409) with the inner 

bistislyle a flattened yellow spatuia with few setae, 

the apex truncate; iargest style bifid . leech; Alexander 

Wings with cell C undarkened except at apex; male 

hypopygium (figs. 408, 411) with inner dististyle 

not truncate at apex, setae long and conspicuous; 

. . . 13 

largest style trifid . . - . . . I 

Male hypopygiurn (fig. 411) with a11 three arms of 

the major dististyle extended inro long acute points 

proserpina Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig, 408) with inner arm of the 

major dististyle reduced to a small twisted spur . 

heieroclada Alexander 

Wings (figs. 380, 390) with ce?! Ala open by aiiephy 

of Sasal section of Ma . . . . . . . . . 15 

Wings

unusually complex, including long yellow spinous 

apophyses or branches on either side of the 

aedeagus; wing (fig. 390) . . pemmplexa Alexander 

nove&racemis group 

Male hypopygium (figs. 41-21) with the phdlo- 

some relatively simple, the aedeagus subtended 

by two sheathiing apophyses that terminate in 

blackened spines ........... 16 

tenella or aubcinerea group 

16 Male hypopygium (fig. 420) having the outer 

dististyle with a slender spine on outer margin at 

near two-thirds the length; aedeagus terminating in 

a slender blackened spine ... spinifera Alexander 

Outer dististyle (figs. 416, 418) with a stout obtuse 

spine or low darkened flange; aedeagus pale, not 

terminating in a blackenedspine ...... 17 

17 Male hypopygium (fig. 416) with outer dististyle 

having a broad darkened flange; inner dististyle 

with two lateral am; wing (fig. 389) .... 

flaplibasis Alexander 

Outer dististyle (fig. 418) with a stout obtuse darkened 

spine; inner dististyle with a single pale arm 

(Utah Report, p. 57, figs. 32, 35) . -.uta Alexander 

18 Male hypopygium (fig. 413) with the phallosome 

very large and complex, a depressed-flattened 

plate with three yellow spinelike apophyses on 

either side of the aedeagus (m figure only onehalf 

of the phallosome is shown); wing (& 388) 

aciadifera Alexander 

mve&racensis group 

Male hypopygium (figs. 414,415,417,419,421) with 

the pha1lowrne rpletivaly simple, the two sheathing 

apophyses terminating in blackened spines; wing 

(6ga. 20, 391) ............ 19 

tenella or subcinema grwp 

19 Aedeagus beyond the apophyses produced into a 

compressed-flattened apical blade, arm of inner 

dististyle bidentate (fig. 414) . bihta Alexander 

Aedeagus beyond the apophyses simple, narrowed, 

not extended into a blade; arm of inner dististyle 

generally simple, bidentate in virgata (figs. 415, 

417,419,421) . ............ 20 

20 Inner dististyle with lateral arm bidentate at tip; 

outer dististyle terminating in a strong spine (fig. 

421); wing (6g. 391) ...... virgata Dome 

her dististyle (figs. 415, 417, 419) with lateral 

arm simple; outer dististyle not terminating in 

21 

aspine ............... 21 

Outer lobe of basistyle and the outer dististyle small, 

shorter than the lateral arm of the inner style; 

phallosome with the apophyses small, triangular, 

weakly darkened (fig. 417) (Utah Report, p. 57, 

figs. 31, 34) ....... harmstoni Alexander 

Outer dististyle (figs. 415, 419) elongate, exceedm ‘g 

the inner dististyle; apophysea of phallmome ap 

pearingasslenderblackenedspines ..... 22 

22 Outer dististyle (fig. 419) expanded at near midlength; 

inner dististyle with an acute black spine; 

apex of aedeagus long and slender, longer 

than the apophyses, outwardly gradually narrowed 

to the simple apex; wing (fig. 20) .... 

poliocephala Alexander 

Outer dististyle (fig. 415) not expanded; inner disti- 


style with spine obtuse at tip; apex of aedeagus 

shorter than the apophyses, the outer end unequally 

bilobed ........... wlei Alexander 

Subgenus Euptilostena Alexander 

Gonomyia (Euptilostena) Alexander, 1938, Philippine Jour. 

Si. 66:126. 

Map 86. Locality records in California for Gonomyia (Euptilostena) 

polin& Alexander (circles), G. (Idi-a) coforatfica 

Alexander (triangles), and G. (I.) gothicana Alexander 

(squares). 

Gonomyia (Euptilostena) polingi Alexander 

(Figs. 386, 404; Map 86) 

Gonomyia (Euptilostena) polingi Al-der, 1946, her. Midland 

Nat 35:523-524, fig. 20 (ven.). 

Holotype 9 ; Old Fort Davis, Texas (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Arizona, California, Texas; Mexico. 

California recods.aAN BERNARDINO CO.: 10 mi. NE of 

Earp, 111-31-59 (A. S. Menke and L. A. Stange, UCD). SAN 

DIEGO CO.: Bornego, Lower Tub CanyOn, 1100 feet, III-17- 

48 (N. Crickmer, CPA). 

Subgenus Gonomyia Meigen 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) Meigea, 1818, Syst Beschr. Zweitl. 

Ins. 1:146. 

Gonomyia (Gommyia) aciculif era Alexander 

(Figs. 388, 413; Map 87) 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) aciculifera Alexander, 1919, Canad. Ent. 

51: 193-194. 

Holotype 8; Wildcat Canyon, San Pablo, Contra Costa 

County, Calif. (CU).

Gonomyia (Gonornyia) wIei Alexander, 19G6, Amer. Ent. Soc. 

Trans. 92 : 124. 

Holotype 6 : Mill Creek Canyon, San Bernardino County, 

Cairi. (CAS) 

Geographic range.---Knnvm m!y frirm California. 

California record.-SMi BERNARDINO CO.: San Bernardino 

Mormmins, Miil Creek Canyor., VI-3-24 (F. I?. &&e, 

&ro& CIS); type. 

~ _ _ 

- 

-- - 

B4ap 87. Locality records in Califem& fc Gcmxzyia


IV-23-49 (J. Linsdale, CPA, CIS, VK, HR). ORANGE 0%: 

Hot Springs Canyon between Capistrano and Elsinore, IV-1% 

63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN BERNAUDINO (3.: Mmgo 

myon at Lwine Ranch, IV-6-63 (C. P. Al-der, CPA). 

SAN Dnm~ Co.: Cleveland National Forest, Glendiff camp 

ground near Buckman Springs, near Cottonwood CRek, 3800 

feet, IV-13-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). La Posta C d 

Highway 80, IV-13-63 (C. P. Alermnder, CPA). Palomar 

Mountain, Doane Creek, 4700 feet, WI-11,1246 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: Atascadero, II-9-58 

(C. D. Hynes, CPA). SONOMA Co.: Armstrong Redwoods 

State Park, VII-18-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). TUOLUMNE 

Co.: Strawberry, VIII-11-60 (D. Q. Cavagnam, CIS). 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) harmstoni Alexander 

(Fig. 417) 

Gonomyia (Gonom+a) 

liarnrstoni Alexander, 1948, bm. 

Midland Nat 395658, fig. 31 (YW.), fi%. 34 (8 hYp.1. 

Holotype 8; Bear Lake, Utah (CPA). 

Geographic ran@.aifornia, Idaho, Utah. 

California ~~~NL-HUNIBOLDT CO.: Cape Mendocino, Bear 

River at Capetown, along river, VII-22-58 (C. P. Alexandm, 

CPA). 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) paiuta Alexander 

(Fig. 418) 

Gonmyia (Gonomyia) paiuta Alexander, 1948, A m. Midland 

Nat. 39:5&59, fig. 32 (ven.), fig. 35 (8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8; Zion National Park, Utah (CPA). 

Geographic range.-California, Utah. 

California reCord.-KEm CO.: Erskine Creek, near Isabelle, 

IV-2941 (R. E Bdhmyy CPA). 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) percomplexa Alexander 

(Fig. 390; Map 89) 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) percomplexa Alexander, 1945, Canad. 

Ent. 77:206-207. 

Holotype 8 ; Peavine Ridge, McMiville, Oregon (CPA). 

Geodraphic range;--california, Oregon. 

California remrds.~NT~A COSTA CO.: Mora@, W-13- 

65 (D. G. Denning, CPA). H- Co.: hirie Creek 

State Park, VIII-2-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). RIVERSDE 

CO.: San Jacinto Mountains, Lake Fulmore, 5200 feet, VI- 

29-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN BBRNARDINO Co.: San 

Bemardino Mountains, Barton Flats, 6200 feet, VII-1446. 

VII4-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SNASTA Co.: Castle Crags 

State Park, in Oadingtonia bog, 3000 feert, W-6-53 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Hatchet Pass, near Bumey, 4000 feet, 

VII-9-47 (C. P- Alexander, CPA). TULARE CO.: Kings 

Canyon National Park, near Generel Grant Big Tree, VIL 

19-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Sequoia National Park, Dorst 

Camp, VII-18-57 (C. P. AlmdW, CPA). 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) poliocephala Alexander 

(Figs. 20,419; Map 90) 

Gonomyia CGonomyia) poliocephda Alexander, 1924, U. S. 

Natl. Mus. Proc. 64 (10):s-9. 

Holotype 8; Clio, Plumas County, Calif. (USNM). 

GeograpKc ran&e.-Alaska, 

California, Colorado. 

Map 89. Locality records in California for Gonomyia 

(Gonomyia) percomplexa Alexander (circles) and G. (G.) 

spinifera Alexander (triangles). 

, I^ 

1 ". --"- y- . I* ._ -~ 

.I. I,. I3 

Map 90. Locality records in California for Gonomyia 

(Gonornyia) poliocephala Alexander (circles).

. 


California records.-FRESNO CO.: Kings Canyon National 

Park, S fork of Rinns River, 4500 feet, VII-20-57 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Shaver Lake, along Musick Creek, 5522 

feet, VI-7,8-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA!. MADERA CO.: Devils 

Postpile National Monument, Red’s Meadaws, IMK) feet, W- 

7-57 (C. P. Aiexandw, CPA). Mmrposn CO.: Yosemiti? Narionai 

Park, Bridaiveii Creek, 7050 feet, VII-2346, VII-7-50 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Tamarack Creek, 6315 feet, VII- 

23-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Wawona Camp, S fork of 

Merced River, 4000 feet, VII-21-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Miami Ranger Station Vi-8-40 (T. H. G. Aitken, CPA), 

VII-25-46 (H. P. Chandler, CAS). MONO CO.: West Walker 

River, near Chris Flat Forest Camp, 6500 feet, VII-18-50 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Mo”i?ZR8Y CO.: PfeifEer Big Sur 


Mountains, Hastings Reservation, VI-1-50 (J. Linsdale, HR). 

NAPA CO.: Mount St. Helena, V-12-36 (M. C. Van Duzee, 

CPA). PLACER Co.: Deep Creek, Truckee River, 5950 feet, 

VI-3047 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). m;UM- Co.: Clio, VII- 

6/9-16 (H. G. Dyar, USNM); type. Sm BERNARDLNO Co.: 

San Bemardino Mountains, Barton Flats, 6200 feet, VII-14- 

46, VII-5-58, (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Lake Arrowhead, 

5150 feet, V-22-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Miti CreeB: 

Camp, Thurman Flats picnic area, 3400 feet, V-6-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SAN DIEGO Co.: Palomar Mountain, Doane 

Creek, 4700 feet, VII-4-45 (J. A. Comstock, CPA). SAN 

MATU) CO.: Portola State Park, Peters Creek and Pescadero 

Creek, VII-13-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SHASTA CO.: 

Castle Crags State Park, VII-30-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Lassen Volcanic National Park, Lost Creek, 5OOO feet, VIII- 

6/10-58 (12. P. Alexander, CPA). TUOLUMNE Co.: Strawberry, 

VIII-2/4-60 (D. Q. Cavagnaro, CIS). Yosemite 

National Park, TuoIumne Meadows along upper Tuolumne 

River, 8555 feet, VII-15-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) spinifera Alexander 

(Fig. 420; Map 89) 

Gonornyia (Gonornyia) spinifer Alexander, 1918, Canad. Ent 

50:384-385. 

Holotype 6 ; Los Cerritos, county &own, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.--California, Teras, Utah. 

California ~eCOrds.-KERN Co.: Hart Park, edge of Kern 

River, VIII-22-59 (R. E. Bellamy, CPA). M0-y CO.: 

Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park, VII-11-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). RIVER~IDE CO.: Riverside, III-10/18-45 (P. H. 

Timberlake, CPA). COUNTY UNKNOWN: Los Cerribx, III- 

14-15 (M. C. Van Duzee, CPA). 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) virgata Doane 

(Figs. 391, 421; Map 91) 

Gonomyia virgata Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 8:189, 

PI. 7, fig. 21 (wing). 

Syntypes 28, 49; Tokeland, Washingtun (US-). 

Geographic ran&.dlifornia, Oregon, Washington. 

California -~~.-HUMBOLDT CO.: Eureka, VI-6-03 (H. 

S. Barber, USNM). MARW Co.: Inverneas, W-12-59 (D. 

Burdick, CIS). SAN MA- Co.: Matara, seacoast, VI-1-39 

(C. D. Michener, CPA). Redwood City, salt marsh, IV-29-51 

(P. H. Arnaud, CPA, CAS). SANTA CRUZ Co.: Waddell Creek, 

11-12-30 (F. Bianchi, Dome Coll., CAS). VENTURA CO.: 

San Nicolas Island, VII-16-38 (T. D. A. Cockerell, CPA). 

.. 1/, 

1L- _--.I_L -~ ---* ~ 

*, u I” 

_ ~ _ , > ,” 

Map 91. Locality records in CaIifornia for Gonomyia 

(Gonomyia) virgate h n e (circles) and G. {Progonornyia) 

heaperia Alexander (triangles). 

Subgenus Zdiocera Dale 

Limbia (Zdiocera) Dale, 1842, Ann. and Mag. Nat Hist 

8:431, 433. 

Gonomyia (Zdiocera) californica Alexander 

(Fig. 387, 405; Map 92) 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) califomica Alexander, 1916, Canad. 

Ent. 48:324-325. 

Holotype 8 ; Blue Lake, Humholdt County, Calif. (CU). 

Geographic ran@e.--Bzitish Columbia; California. 

CaIif0m.a records-ALA1UEDA Co.: Livermore, V-139 (T. 

H. G. Aitken, CPA). Hu~~o~mr Co.: Blue Lake, VI-20/27- 

07 (J. C. Bradley, CU); type. Los ANGELES Co.: Los Angeles, 

V-1-15 (M. C. Van Duree, CPA). MARIPOSA Co.: Yosemite 

National Park, Wawona Camp, S fork of Merced River, 4000 

feet, VII-21-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MENDOUNO Co.: 

Hopland, V-9-26 (E. P. Van Wee, CAS). 8 mi. W of 

Navarro, dong Navarro River, 1x40 (H. B. Leech, CAS). 

S- BBRNARDINO Co.: San Bernardno Mountains, Barton 

Flats, 6200 feet, VII-14-46 (C. P. Alaxander, CPA). SAN 

Xhmx CO.: Palomar Mountain, Dome Valley Ravine, VII47- 

45 (J. A. comrtock. CPA); VII-1246 (C. P. Alexander 

and J. A. Camstock, CPA). SIP;- CO.: Goodyear Bar, VII- 

8-26 (E. H. Nast, CAS). Yuba River, VI-14-64 (C. D. 

Hynes, CPA). TUOLUMNE Co.: Strawberry, VI1460 (D. Q. 

Cavagnaro, CIS). VENTURA Co.: Ozena Forest Camp, 3200 

feet, VI-16-43 (C. W. Kirkwood, CPA). 

Gonomyia (Idiocera) colotadica Alexander 

(Fig. 406; Map 86) 

i

Map 92. Locality records in California for Gonomyia (Zdiocera) 

cafifornica Alexander (circlea ) . 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) wloradica Alexander, 1920, Pomona 

Col. Jour. Ent. 12:89. 

Holotype 8 ; Longview, Colorado (USNM). 

Synonym.+nomyia (Idiocera) icasta Alexander, 1927, 

Canad Ent 59:191. 

Holotype 9 ; Banff, Alberta (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Alberta; Arizona, California, Oregon, 

Utah. 

California records.dAN BERNARDINO CO.: san Bernardino 

Mountains, Barton Flats, 6300 feet, VII-14/18-46; 7400 feet, 

(J. L. Sperry, CPA). SAN DIEGO CO.: Palomar Mountain, 

Doane Valley Ravine, 4700 feet, VII-6-40, VII-3/7-45 (J. 

A. Cornstock, CPA); VII-12-46 (C. P. Alexander and J. A. 

Cornstock, CPA). 

Gonomyia (Zdiocera) gothicana Alexander 

(Fig. 407; Map 86) 

Gonomyia (Idiocera) gothicana Alexander, 1943, her. Midland 

Nat 29:166-167, iig. 19 (ven.), fig. 27 (8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8, Gothic, Colorado (CPA). 

Geographic range.-California, Colorado, Oregon. 

California recordss--A~~ Co.: Foster Meadow, VII- 

19-64 (C. D. Hynea. HC). HUM BOLL^ Co.: Willow Creek, 

VI-20-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). Co.: Yosemite 

National Park, B~idalveil Creelc, 7050 feet, VII-23-46, VII-7- 

50 (C. P. Alexander, -A). PLACBR 13.: Deep Creek, Truckee 

River, 5950 feet, VII-1-41 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN 

BERNARDINO CO.: San Bernardino Mountains, Barton Flats, 

6300 feet, VII-31-46, VIII-18-46 (N. Crickmm and J. L. 

Sperry, CPA). SIERRA CO.: Without exact locality, VI-28-65 


(C. D. Hynes, HC). TWOLUMNE Co.: Strawberry, VIII-5-60 

(D. Q. Cavagnaro, CIS). 

Gonomyia (Zdiocera) heteroclada Alexander 

(Fig. 408) 

Gonomyia (Zdiocera) hetedada Alexander, 1966, her. Ent. 

Soc. Trans. 92:123. 

Holotype 8 ; Hastings Resewation, Monterey County, Calif. 

(CIS). 

Geographic range.-Kuown only from California. 

California ~~~~~~.-MoNTF.REY CO.: S~ta Lucia Mountains, 

Hastings Reservation, Robertson Creek, VI-1548 (J. Linsdale, 

CIS); type. 

Gonomyia (Zdiocera) leechi Alexander 

(Fig. 409) 

Gonornyia (Zdioara) leechi Alexander, 1964, Great Basin Nat. 

24~22-23. 

Holotype 8; the Hot Springs, E of Bridgeport, Mono 



Cefifomie reoordsl--M~~~ Co.: The Hot Springs, E of 

Bridgeport, at light, VII-11-62 (H. B. k h , CAS); types. 

STANISLAUS Co.: Adobe Creek, 22 mi. W of Patterson, VIII- 

29-52 (J. W. Green and H. B. Leech, CAS). VENTURA 0.: 

Northeastern section of county, Lockwood Creek, V-5-59 

(G. I. Stage, CIS). 

Gonomyia (Zdiocera) lindseyi Alexander 

(Fig. 410) 

Gonomyia (Zdiocera) lindseyi Alexander, 1944, Great Basin 

Nat 5:97-99. 

Holotype 8; Davis Creek, Mod= County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.-California, Oregon 

CaZifomiO recoda.-Mo~oc CO.: Davis Creek, 5OOO feet, 

VII-11-22 (A. W. Lindsey, CPA); type. PLACER Co.: 

Truckee, 6OOO feet, VI143 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Gonomyia (Zdiocera) proserpina Alexander 

(Fig. 411) 

Gonomyia (Zdiocera) proserpina Alexander, 1943, Amer. Midland 

Nat 30:747-749, fig. 21 (ven.), fig. 25 (& hyp.). 

Holotype 8 ; Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (CPA). 

Geographic range.-California, Utah, Wyoming. 

California ~eCOrdS.-sAN BERNARDINO CO. : San Bernardino 

Mountains, Barton Flats, 6200 feet, VII-1446, VII-3146 

(J. L. Sperry, CPA). SAN DIEGO Co.: Palomar Mountain, 

Doane Creelr, 4700 feet, VII-12-46 (C. P. Al-dw and 

J- A. Comstmk, CPA). 

Gonomyia (Zdiocera) shannoni Alexander 

(Fig. 412) 

Gonomyia (Ptilostem) Jhannoni A1-der, 1926, Insecutor 

Inscitiae Menstruus 14: 118-119. 

Holotype 8; Wawawai, Washington (CPA). 


ington, Wyoming. 

California recvrds.-MARIPOSA 

Idaho, Oregon, Utah, Wash- 

CO.: Miami Ranger Sta-


tion, VII-25--46 (H. P. Chandler, CAS). PLACER CO.: 

Trucks?, 6000 feet, VI1453 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

SHASTA CO.: Castle Crags State Park, 2000 feet, VII-8-53 


Subgenus Neolipophleps Alexander 

Gonomyia /Neofipophfeps) Alexander, 1947, Rev. de Ent 

18:98. 

Gonomyia (Neolipophleps) cinerea (Doane) 

(Figs. 393, 423) 

Diwanomyia cinerea Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent Soc. JOW. 

8:182-183, pl. 7, fig. 2 (wing). 

Holotype 9 ; Pullman, Washington (USNM). 

Geographic range.-California, Colorado, Utah, Washington. 

California VXO~S.-HUMBOLDT CO.: Blue Lake, VI-20/27- 

07 (J. C. Bradley, CPA). KERN Co.: Hart Park, edge of 

Kern River, VIII-22-59 (R. E. Bellamy, CPA). MARIPOSA 

CO.: Ywemite National Park, Wawona Camp, S fork of 

Merced River, 4000 feet, VII-21-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Subgenus Progonomyia Alexander 

Gonomyia (Progomntyia) Alexander, 1920, N. Y. (Cornell) 

AS. ~qt. sta. M- 3i3:93a. 

Gonomyia (Progonomyia) hesperia Alexander 

(Figs. 392, 422; Map 91) 

Gonomyia (Progonomyia) hesperia Alesander, 1926, Pan- 

Pacific Ent. 3:7&79. 

Holotype 8 ; Riverside, Riverside County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geograpftic range.-Known only from California 

California records.-INYO CO.: Antdope Springs, VI-14- 

61 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). Death Valley, near Furnace Creek 

along fresh water stream, about sea level, N-21-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Independence, N fork of Oak Creek, SO00 

feet, VI-25-63 (C. P. Al-ander, CPA). MONTEREY CO.: 

Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, Big Canyon, 

VII-16-48; Robertson Creek, VI-9/18-48 (J. Linsdale, CIS, 

CPA, HR, UK). RIVJWIDE (3.: Riverside, VIII-24-26 (T. D. 

A. Cockerell, CPA); type 

Genus Lipsothrix Loew 

Lipsotfuix Loew, 1873, Beschreib. Europ. Dipterm 3:67, 69. 

A small genus with representatives throughout the 

northern Hemisphere, with a concentration of species 

in the Himalayan region. Of the six species presently 

known from the Nearctic region, all are western with 

the exception of a single eastern species. The immature 

stages occur in sodden, waterlogged w d sunken 

in small streams or trickles and have been discussed 

in three recent papers (Hinton, 1955; Hynes, 1965; 

Rvgers and Byers, 1956). The nearest ally, Limnophilomyia 

Alexander of the Ethiopian region, has 

comparable larval habits and habitats 

1952). 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LIF'SOTHRIX 

1 Wings with macrotrichia in outer cells (fig. 381) . 2 

Wings without macrotrichia in cells (fig. 380) . . . 4 

2 Mesonotum fulvous; abdominal tergites yellow with 

a narrow broken brown central stripe. fdva Alexander 

3 

Mesonotum and abdomen patterned diffetentty . . 3 

Dorsal surface of body, including the abdominal tergites 

with a virtually continuous darkened central 

stripe; antennae of male long (about 4 mm); 

femoral tips broadly darkened, including about the 

outer third 

(Extraliiitd: Oregon) 

Abdomen obscure yellow, with a subterminal brownish 

black ring; antennae of male shorter (about 3 mm); 

femoral tips nanuwly darkened, including about 

. . . . . . . nigrilnea (Doanel 

the outer tenth; wing (fig. 381) . . . . . . 

shasta Alexander 

4 Gemeral coloration of thorax whitened; antennae 

of male short (about 1.5 mm, Wing 10 mm); 

femora white, tips narrowly blackened; wings uniformly 

whitened . . . . . . fenderi Alexander 


Mesonotal praescutum obscure yellow with three 

brown areas; antennae of male longer (about 4 

mm, wing 10 mm); femora obscure yellow; wings 

obscure yellow, faintly patterned with brown over 

the wing (k. 380); hypopygium (fig. 398) 

hynesiana Alexander 

Lipsothrix f ulva Alexander 

Lipsothrix f&a Alexander, 1964 her. Ent SOC. Trans. 

92: 124-125. 

Holotype 8; near Del h a , Trinity County, Calif. (UK). 


California recorcf.--?kINITY Co.: Near Del Loma, VI-20- 

59 (G. W. Byers, UK); types. 

Lipsothrix hynesiana Alexander 

(Figs. 380, 398) 

Lipthrix hynesiana Alemnder, 1964, Great Basin Nat. 2493- 

24. 

Holotype 8 ; Salmon Creek, Monterey County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.-%- only from California. 

California rec~rci.-RUom CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, 

Los Padres National Forest, Salmon Creek, X-26-62 (C. D. 

Hw-, -A); types. 

Lipsothrix shasta Alexander 

(Fig. 381; Map 85) 

fipsothrix shasta Alexander, 1945, Canad. fit. 77:205-206. 

Holotype $; Burney, Shasta County, Calif. (CPA). 


CaZifomia 

Co.: Castle Crags State Park, 

VII-30-50, VII-5-53. VII-30-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Bumey, V-3039 (T. H. G. Aitken and M. A. Cazier, CPA); 

type. Hatchet Pass, near Burney, 4000 feet, VII-947 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SisKIyOU CO.: Mount Shasta City, VI-18- 

59 (G. W. Byers, UK).

Genus Hesperoconopa Alexander 

Erioptera (Hesperoconopa) Alexander, 1948, her. Midland 

Nat 39:76-77, fig. 60. 

Small gray flies (wing about 4 mm, fig. 436) 

occurring along mountain streams in western North 

America and in central Asia. The immature stages 

are unknown but are presumed to be aquatic. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HESPEROCONOPA 

1 Male hypopygium (fig. 427) with outer &tistyle 

larger than the inner style, i- tip obtuse, the lateral 

spur stout; aedeagus elongate . . . . . . . 

dolichophallua (Aleaander) 

Male hypopygium (fig. 428) with outer dististyle 

slender, smaller than the inner style, terminating 

in a narrow curved spine, the lateral spur small 

and weak; aedeagus shorter . melanden' (Alexander) 

Hesperoconopa dolichophallus (Alexander) 

(Fig. 427) 

Erioptera (Hesperomnopa) dolichophallus Alexander, 1948, 

Amer. Midland Nat. 39:77-78, fig. 60 ( 8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8 ; Green Mountain Falls, Colorado (CPA). 

Geographic range.--California, Colorado, Oregon, U t a h , 

Washington. 

California records.-AMADOR Co. : Foster Meadow, VII-1- 

65 (C D. Hynes, HC). PLACER CO.: Truckee River below 

Lake Tahoe, 6000 feet. VI-2&57 (C. P. Alexmder, CPA). 

Map 93. Locality records in California for Hesperoconopa 

melanderi (Alexander) (triangles) and Gonempeda burra 

(Alexander) (circles). 


Hesperoconopa melanderi (Alexander) 

(Figs. 428, 436; Map 93) 

Erioptera (Psiloconopa) melanderi Alexander, 1944, Canad. 

Ent 76:217. 


Cali. (CPA). 

Geographic ra&e.-Known only from California. 

CaIifomia mconis.-I~~o CO.: Big Pine Creek, Glacier 

Lodge, 7800 feet, V11-10-57; trail to Palisade Glacier, 9000 

feet., VII-1147 (C. P. Al-der, CPA). Intake Camp, Middle 

fork Bishop Creek, 8000 feet, VII-8-57 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). -SA Co.: Yosesnib National Park, VI-12-35 

(A. L. Melander, CPA); type. SAN B&RNARD~O Co.: San 

Bemardin0 Mountains, S fork Santu Ana River, 7000 feet, 

VII-14-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Genus Crypfolabis Osten Sacken 

Cryptolabis Osten Sacken, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. Proc. 1859: 

224. 

Cryptolabia Hynes,1963, Pan-Pacific Ent. 39:255-260, 8 figs. 

A relatively large genus, chiefly Neotropical but 

with a few species in Australia and in North America, 

the latter chiefly in the west with six occurring in 

California. The immature stages are strictly aquatic. 

The local Crypfolabis magnisfyla has been reared and 

described by Hynes (reference above). The distinctive 

wing venation is shown in figure 435. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CRYPTOLABIS 

1 Male hypopygium (ilg. 425) with the dististyle 

simplq without a subterminal latesal point . . 

rehm Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 424) with outer end of 

2 Aedeagus datively short and stout, the terminal 

Aedeagus longer, the long terminal filament sinuous . 

3 Dististyle (fig. 424) with lower apical blade relative 

ly short and stout, about twice the length of the 

4 

5 

dististyle unequally bidentate or bispinous . . 2 

filament short and straight . . . . . . . . 3 

subterminal spine, the acute apex pale . . . 

brachyphallus Alexander 

Dististyle with the lower apical blade longer and more 

slender, more than three times the subterminal 

spine, the nearly acute apex blackened . . . 

mixta Alexander 

Dististyle with lower apical blade very large, approximately 

three times the subterminal spine, appearing 

as a long triangular glabrous blade that nmws to 

an acute point, the upper margin more thickened 

megnistyla Alexander 

Dististyle with lower apical blade not so enlarged, 

most so in bisinuatis where it is less than twice the 

subterminal spine . . . . . . . . . . 5 

Dististyle with the lower apical blade larger than 

the subterminal spine, its apex glabrous . . . 

4 

bisinuafis Dome 


Dististyle with the lower apical blade subequal to or 

smaller than the subterminal spine, with short 

setae at or close to apex . . bidenticuzata Alexander


Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) bidentidata Alexander 

Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) bidenficufafa Alexander, 1948, Canad. 

Ent 80: 168-169. 

Holotype $; Barton Flats, San Bemardim County, calif. 

(CPA). 

Geographic ran&.--Known 


California recocds.-NApA CO.: 1 mi. N of Angwh, V-9- 

64 (H. B. Leech, CAS). SAN BERNARDXNO Co.: San Bemardmo 

Mountains, Barton Flats, 6300 feet, VII-20-46 (J. L. Sperry, 

CPA) ; type. 

Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) bisinuatis bane 

Cryptolabis bisinuatis h e , 1900, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 

8: 189-190. 

Holotype $; Spokane, Washington (USNM). 

Geographic range.-California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington. 

California records.-= Nowrp: CO.: Crescent City, VILI- 

5-40 (H. K. Tomes, CPA). MARIPOSA Co.: YoSemite National 

Park, Wawona Camp, S fork of M d River, 4OOO 

feet, VII-21-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONO CO.: Convict 

Creek, VII-21-64 (C. D. Hynes, CPA). SONOMA CO.: Glen 

Ella, IV-29-50 (H. B. Leech, CAS). TUOLU~~NIC CO.: Strawberry, 

VIII-5-60 (I). Q. Cavagnaro, CIS). 

Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) brachyphallus Alexander 

(Figs. 424. 435) 

Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) bradayphallus Al-der, 1950, 

Brooklyn Ent. SOC. Bul. 45:159. 

Holotype 8; Borrego, Tub Canyon, Sen Diego County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California remrd.-sAN DIEGO CO.: Borrego, Tub Canyon, 

111-1-46 (J. L. Sperr~, CPA); type. 

Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) magnistyla Alexander 

crypfotabia (Cryptolabia) megnktyla Alexander, 1962, Great 

Basin Nat 22~4-5. 

Holotype 8; Salmon Creek, Monterey County, Cali. 

(CPA). 

Geographic rm&.-Known only from California. 

California record.-MoNT&REY Co.: Santa M a Mormtains, 

Los Padres National Forest, Salmon Creek, 1.5 mi. N of 

San Luis Obispo County line on Highway 1; VI-2561, 

larvae and pupae (C. D.Hynes, CPA); types. 

Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) mixta Alexander 

Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) mixta Alexander, '1948, Canad. Ent. 

80: 167-168. 

Holotype 8 ; Bear Creek, Mariposa County, Calif. (CPA). 


California records.-M~~~ 

Co.: Sierra Nationel Forest, 

Bear Creek, near Mariposa, VEI-25-46 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA); type. TRINITY CO.; Douglas City, VI-2444 (C. D. 

Hynee, CPA). 

Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) refrorsa Alexander 

(Fig. 425) 

Crypfolabis (Cryptolabis) retrorsa Alexander, 1950, Bmoklp 

Ent. Soc. &1. 45:159-160. 

Holotype $ ; Crescent City, Del Norte County, Calif. (CPA). 

Geographic range.--California, Oregon. 

California -rds.--D~t. NO- CO.: Crescent City, VIII- 

540 (H. K. Townes, CPA); type- Jedediah Smith State 

Park, along Smith River, 100 feet, VU-2658 (c. P. 

Alexander, -A). 

Genus Rhabdomastix Skuse 

Rhabdmastix Skuse, 1890 (preprint 1889), Lm. SOC. N. S. 

Wales, Proc. 4, ser. 2:828-829, 6gs. 15, 57. 

Subgenus Sacandada Alexander 

Subgenus Sacanda%p Alexander, 1912, Eht News 22:349- 

351, 3 figs. 

Rhabdomastix is a relatively small group of crane 

flies ocmrring in all major biotic regions. All Nearctic 

species, with a single exception, belong to the subgenus 

Sacandaga, with the antennae short in both 

sexes. The only representative of the typical subgenus, 

with greatly lengthened antennae in the male, is 

regional and is included in the key. The immature 

stages occur in wet soil. 

1 

2 

3 


OF RHABDOMASTIX 

Antennae of male very long, setaceous, more than 

three times the wing; wing veins with the exception 

ofCglabrous . . . . . RHABDOMASTIXSkuse 

nuttingi Alexander 


Antennae short in both sexes, less than one-half the 

wing; several of the outer wing veins with macrotrichia, 

especially Rs and the outer branches of 

M . . . . . . . SACANDAGA Alexander 2 

Wings (fig. 394) with vein R p present, placed at near 

midlength of the faintly darkened atigma; vein R 4 

gently arcuate general coloration of thorax grayish 

bmwn,thepleuragray . . . . montiwIaAlexander 

Wings with vein RI lacking; vein R4 straight . . 3 

Wings weakly patterned with brown, including the 

anterior cord and a seem along vein Cu in cdl M; 

macrotrichia of veins unusually long and abundant, 

including Rs; male hypopygium (fig. 426) with 

apex of gonapophysis expanded into a broad blade, 

its diameter exmedm * g onehalf the lemgth; thoracic 

notum brown, the pleura gray . . fascigera Alexander 

Wings without darkmed pattern excepting the stigma; 

macrotrichia of veins shorter and less abundant, 

lacking on Rs; male hypopygium with gonapophysis 

a simple spine or the apical blade only 

slightly expended . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 

4 Wings (Sg. 395) witb Sc long, SCI ending nearly 

opposite the fork of Rs, Scr atrophied; vein RJ 

very oblique to nearly longitudinal in position, in 

direct alignment with Rz+s+~ 

male hypopygium

Alexander: The Crane Flies of California 13 1 

5 

6 

with gonapophysis narrowed into a simple spine 

neozurida flaviventris Alexander 

Wing with Sc shorter, SCI ending about opposite 

three-fifths to thm+fourths the length of Rs, Scz 

c0mmMtly preserVeed; vein RJ Suberect t0 

not in alignment with RZ+s+4; male hyppygium 

with gonapophysis terminating in a narrow blade 

(most reduced in califomiensk) ...... 5 

General coloration of body light yellow, conspicuously 

patterned with black, including threa praescutal 

stripesandspotsonpleura . . - IeimardiAlexender 


General coloration of body notas above .... 6 

Mesonotal praesatum gray with four brown stxipee, 

pleura gray, patterned with yellow; male h w 

pygium with gonapophysis narrowed outwardly, 

developed into a scarcely evidemt blade; Wing (fig. 

396) ......... califom*ensis Alexander 

General coloration of body light yellow, patterned 

with light brown or reddish brown; male hypopygium 

with outer end of -apophysis expanded 

intoanarmwblade ........... 7 

7 Head yellow, without markings; antennae with 

pedicel testaceous; wings with m e relatively close 

8 

to fork of M, at near one-fifth to onwjixth M s+4; 

Sc relatively short, Scl about opposite two-thirds 

thelength of Rs ..... megacantha Alexander 

Head yellow, the vertex with a median more darkened 

line; antennae with pedicel darkened, at least 

apically; wings with m-cu more distal in position, 

at near onethird to one-half M J+4;SC longer, sc 1 

about opposite -fourths Rs ....... 8 

Wings with trichia of veins sparse, with none M very 

few on vein R4; antemnae with all flagellar segments 

distinct; male hypopygium with the outer 

dististyle narrow, the apical spine large ... 

hm* Alexander 

Wings with trichia of veins more numerous, including 

vein R 4; antennae with proximal two flagellar segments 

more or less united to form a short fusionsegment; 

male hypopygium with outer dististyle 

somewhat broader, the apical spine a little smaller 

tnkhophora Alexander 

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) californiensis Alexander 

(Fig. 396, Map 94) 

RWomastix (Sacandaga) difodensis Alexander, 192 1, 

Calif. Acad Sei Proc. ser. 4,11:103-104. 

Holotype 8; Pleyto, Monterey County, Calif. (CAS). 

Geographic range.-Arizma, California, New Mexico, Utah. 

cafifomia records--FREsNO CO.: King Canyon National 

Park, S fork of Kings River, 4500 feet, VII-20-57 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA); Ten Mile Creek, 3900 feet, V-31-63 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). Shaver Lake, along Musick Creek, 5522 

feet, VI-7-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Sequoia National 

Forest, Hume -e, 5300 feet, VI-20-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). KSRN Co.: Greeahorn Mo~ntain~, Cedar Creek Tributary 

"B," V-15-41 (R. E. Balamy, 5070, CPA). MARPOW 

CO.: Yosemite National Park, Bridalveil Creek, 7000 feet, 

Vn-11-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Wawona Camp, S fork 

of Merced River, 4000 feet, VII-21-57 (C. P. Alexander, 

-A). Miami Ranger Station, M-25-46 (H. P. Chandler, 

Map 94. hlity records in California for Rhabdomastix 

(Sacandaga) calif orniensis Alexander (circles 1. 

CAS). MONTEREY Co.: Pleyto, V-22-50 (E. P. Van Duzee, 

CAS); type. Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, at 

light, VI--, VI-143, VI-12/24-48, VI-l-49, V-25-51 (J. 

Linsdale, CIS); VII-8-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN 

BRRNARDXNO Co.: San Bemardino Mountains, Barton Flats, 

6300 feet, VII-16-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); VII-28-46 

(J. L. Sperry, CPA). SAN Dl~oo Co.: Palomar Mountain, 

Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VI1445 (J. A. Comstock, CPA); 

VU-1246 (C. P. Alexander and J. A. Cornstock, CPA). SAN 

LUIS OBISPO Co.: POZO, IV-27-62 (C. A. Toa~hi, CIS). 

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) fasCi&ra Alexander 

(Fig. 426) 

Rhabdomastix (Sdaga) fasci& Alexandes, 1920, Calif. 

Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 4,10:36-37. 

Holotype Q ; Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County, Calif. (CAS). 


California ds.-FRESNO CO.: Kings Canyon National 

Park, S fork of Kings River, 4500 feet, VII-2%57 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). HUMBOLDT Co.: Prairie Creek Stste Park, 

VIII-2,3,50, VII-23-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Willow 

Creek, VI-20-59 (G. W. Byem, UK). MARIPOSA Co.: Yosemite 

National Park, Bridalveil Creek, 7000 feet, VII-8/11-50 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). SAN LUIS OBIWO Co.: No exact data 

(C. D. Hynes). SANTA CRUZ Co.: Santa Cruz, VI-2-19 (E. 

P. Van Duxee, CAS); type. SIERRA Co.: Little Truckee River 

near Simville, VI-21-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); VII-17- 

64, VI-28-65 (C. D. Hynes, HC). TUOLUMNE Co.: Yosemite 

National Park, Tuolumne Meadows along upper Tuolumne 

Rim, 8555 feet, VII-15-50 (C. P. Afmder, CPA).


Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) hynesi Alexander 

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) hynesi Alexander, 1966, Great 

Basin Nat. 26:6-7. 

Holotype 8 ; Foster Meadows, Amador County, Calif. (CPA 

and HC). 



California record.-AMADOR CO.: Foster Meadows, VI-26, 

VII-2-65 (C. D. Hyne~, CPA, HC); types. 

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) megacantha Alexander 

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) megacantha Alexander, 1959, Ent. 

News 70: 77-78. 


Calif. (CPA). 


California record.-~NO Co.: Kings Canyon National 

Park, S fork of Kings River, 4500 feet, VII-20-57 (C. P. 


Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) montimla Alexander 

(Fig. 394) 

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) montioola Alexander, 1916, Acad. 

Nat Sci. Phila, Pm. 68:528-529, 6g. 41 (ven.). 

Holotype 8; Kokanee Mountain, British Columbia 

(USNM). 

Geographic range.-Bntish Columbie; California. 

California record.-”uLARE CO.: Sequoia National Park, 

Hockett Meadow to Shotgun Creek, S of Mineral King, over 

9000 feet, VII-25-15 (CPA). 

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) neolurida flaviventris 

Alexander 

(Fig. 395) 

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) neolurida Aaviventris Alexander, 

1964, Great Basin Nat 24:121. 

Holotype 8; Barton Flats, San Bemardm o County, Calif. 

( CPA) . 

Geographic range.-IGiown only from California. 

California rewxris..sAN BEUNARDINO Co.: San Bemardino 

Mountains, Barton Flats, 6300 feet, VII-31-46 (J. L. Sperry, 

CPA); type. SIERRA CO.: Cold Creek, VI-27-65 (C. D. 

Hynes, HC). 

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) trichophora Alexander 

Rhabdomastix Wicandaga) tz-khphora Alexander, 1943, Ent 

News 54:255-256. 


Geographic range.Aliornia, Oregon, Washington. 

California recorcf.-MARIposA Co.: Yosmnite National Park, 

Bridalveil Creek, 7050 feet, VII-10-50, VII-23-46 (C. P. 

Alexander, -A). 

Genus Cheilotrichia Rossi 

Cheilotrichia Rod, 1848, Syst Verz. Zweifi. Ins. bten-eich, 

p. 12. 

Subgenus Empeda Osh Sacken, 1869, Mon. Dipt N. her. 

4: 183. 

The typical subgenus Cheilotrichia, is Holarctic, 

with a single North American species presently recognized. 

No member of the major subgenus Empeda has 

been found in the state, but two-gZoydae (Alexander) 

and pedavens (Alexander)-are known from 

Arizona. There are numerous species in the Neutropical 

region, including about 10 in Mexico and 

very many in Asia. The immature stages have not 

been described. 


OF CHEILOTRICHIA 

1 wings (fig. 440) with cell 1st n2z dosed; general 

coloration of body pale yellow; male hypopygium 

(fig. 432) , . . . . . CHEILOTRICHIA Rossi 

alicia (Alexander) 

Wings (fig 441) with d l MI open by the atrophy 

of m; genwal coloration of body reddish brown . 

EMPEDA Osten Sacken 

(Extralimital: Arizona; gloydae Alexander, 

pedavens Alexander) 

Cheilotrichia (Cheilotrichia) alicia (Alexander ) 

(Figs. 432, 440) 

Erioptera (Empeda) aficia Alexander, 1914, Acad. Nat. Sci. 

Phila. Proc. 66:585-586, fig. 15 (wing). 

Holotype 0 ; Scotia, Humboldt County, Calif. (USNM) . 

Geographic range.-Califomia, Oregon, Washington. 

California records.--€?UNIBoLm CO.: Scotia, V-20-03 (H. 

S. Barber, USNM); type. SANTA CRUZ CO.: Ben Lomond, 

1500 feet, VI-245 (L. W. Saylor, CPA). TEHAMA Co.: Red 

Bluff* V-11-49 (H. P. Chandler, CAS). 

Genus Gonempeda Alexander 

Eriopfera (Gonempeda) Alexander, 1924, U. S. Natl. Mus. 

Proc. 64 (10):8. 

Cheilotrichia (Gonempeda) Alexander, 1965, Cat Dipt. north 

of Mkco, p. 79. 

The past reference of this group of crane flies to 

Cheilotrichia is questionable and it now appears to 

represent a valid genus. The genotype flava (Schummel), 

is European, the other three species being North 

American, with one local species. The immature 

stages are unknown. 

Gonempeda burra (Alexander ) 

(Figs. 429, 437; Map 93) 

Erioptera (Gonempeda) bmra Alexander, 1924, U. S. Natl. 

Mus, Pmc. 64 (10):8. 

Holotype 0 ; Tahoe City, Placer County, Cali. (USNM). 

Geographic range.-British Columbia; California, Oregon. 

Cdifomia -da.-EL DORADO Co.: hke Tahoe, Eagle 

Creek, 6300 feet, VI-25-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). FRESNO 

CO.: Kings Canyon National Park, Swale Camp, 6400 feet, 

VI-1743 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Shaver Lake, along Musick 

Creek, 5522 feet, VI-7-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Sequoia 

National F-C Hume Lake, 5300 feet, VI-18,20-63 (C. P.


Alexander, CPA). KERN CO.: Cedar Creek Tributary “B,” 

V-14,15-61 (R. E. Bellamy, 5018, 5020, CPA). MARIPOSA 

CO.: Yosemite National Park, Bridalveil Creek, 7000 feet, 

VII-10-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONO Co.: Warren 

Creek, near Leeviniig, 7500 feet, W-18-50 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). PLACER Co.: Deep Creek, Tmkee River, 5950 feet, 

VI-3047, VI1453 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Tahoe City, 

VI-20-20 (H. G. Dyar, USNM); type. Tahoe National 

Forest, near Cisco, VII-5-53; Martis Creek, 6800 feet, VI- 

25-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SHASTA Co.: 8 mi. SE of 

Bartle, VI-17-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). SIERRA CO.: 4.8 mi. 

SE of Sierraville, VI-14-59 (G. W. Byers et al., UK). 

Genus Gonomyodes Alexander 

Erioptera (Gonomyodes) Alexander, 1948, Amer. Midland Nat. 

39: 78. 

The typical subgenus Gonomyodes is represented 

by four species, all being North American with one in 

California. The second subgenus, Gonomyopis still 

is known only from the type species, doaneana Alexander, 

restricted to California. Nothing is known of 

the immature stages. 


OF GONOMYODES 

1 Wings (fig. 438) without darker pattern except for 

the pale brown stigma; vein RS longitudinal in 

position, about one-half as long as Rs; male hypopygium 

(fig. 430) with three dististyles, two heavily 

blackened; ninth tergite not conspicuous . . . 

GONOMYODES Alexander 

cri&eri Alexander 

Wings (fig. 439) with a brawn cloud over the anterior 

cord; vein RS relatively short, oblique, less than 

one-third Rs; male hypopygium (fig. 431) with 

a single well-developed dististyle; ninth tergite a 

conspicuous darkened plate . . . . . . . 

GONOMYOPSIS Alexander 

doaneana Alexander 

Gonomyodes (Gonomyodes) crickrneri (Alexander) 

(Figs. 430, 438) 

Lrioptera (Gonomyodes) crickmeri Alexander, 1948, Canad. 

Ent 80:167. 

Holotype 8; Barton Flats, SM Bernardino County, Calif. 

(CPA). 


California record.-sAN BERNARDINO CO.: San Bernardino 

Mountains, Barton Flats, 6300 feet, VIII-18-46 (J. L. Sperry, 

CPA); type. 

Subgenus Gonomyopsis Alexander 

Gonomyodes (Gonomyopsis) Alexander, 1966, Amer. Ent. Soc. 

Trans. 92:125, 126. 

Gonomyodes (Gonomyopsis) doaneana Alexander 

(Figs. 431, 439) 

Gonomyodes (Gonomyopsis) doaneana Alexander, 1966, Amer. 

Ent. SOC. Trans. 92:126, 127, fig. 7 (ven.), fig. 14 ( 8 hyp.). 


Calif. (CAS). 


California ECO~.-SANTA CLARA Co.: Stanford University, 

1-1906 (R. W. mane, CAS); type. 

Genus Arcfoconopa Alexander 

Eriopfera (Arcfownopa) Alexander, 1955, Mich. Univ. Mus. 

2001. Misc. Pub. 90:17, figs. 12, lfL-19. 

A small Holarctic group, including nine Nearctic 

species with one occurring in the state. 

Arcfoconopa cinctipennis (Alexander) 

(Figs. 433, 442) 

Eriopfera cincfipennia Alexander, 1918, Ent. News 29:286- 

287. 

Holotype 8 ; Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, Calif. (CPA). 


California records.-~SNO Co.: Kings Canyon National 

Park, S fork Kings River, 4500 feet, VII-20-57 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Los ANGELES CO.: Los Angeles, IV-29- 

V-3-15 (M. C. Van Duzee, CPA); types. NEVADA CO.: Boca, 

VI-28-54 (J. A. Powell, CIS). SAN MATEO Co.: Corte Madera 

Creek, near Portola, V-31-54 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). Portola 

State Park, along Pescadeo Creek, V-7-50 (P. H. Arnaud, 

CAS). La Honda, IV-3-56 (P. H. Amaud, CAS). SANTA 

CRUZ CO.: Waddell Creek, IV-10-30 (F. Bianchi, CAS). 

COUNTY UNKNOWN: Los Cdtos, 111-21-15 (M. C. Van 

Duzee, CPA); type material. 

Genus Empedomorpha Alexander 

Empedomorpha Alexander, 1916, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 

68: 507, fig. 40 (wing). 

Empedomorpha is a monotypic genus with two 

known species that are restricted to the dry areas 

of the middle and far west of North America. The 

habits of the adult flies are discussed in the Alexander 

1920 reference, cited under the present species. The 

immature stages are unknown. The structure of the 

adult indicates a relationship with Erioptera (Trimicra) 

but the differences seem to be sufficient for 

generic separation. 

Empedomorpha empedoides (Alexander) 

(Figs. 434, 443) 

? Trimicra empedoides Alexander, 1916, Canad. Ent. 48:4445. 

Empedomorpha empedoides Alexander, 1920, N. Y. (Comell) 

Agr. Expt Sta. Mem. 38:933-934 (habits of adults). 

Holotype 8; Jemez Springs, New Mexico (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, 

New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, 

Utah. 

California record.-MONTEmY CO.: 9 mi. E of King City, 

IV-1-59 (D. Burdick, CIS).

134 Bulletin of the California Insect Sqey 

Genus Erioptera Meigen 

Polymeda Meigen, 1800, Nouv. Class. Dipt, p. 14. 

Erioptera Meigen, 1803, Mag. fiir hsektenkmde 2:262. 

Erioptera is one of the major genera of crane flies. 

The species are distributed in about a dozen subgenera 

of which six are Nearctic, the others being 

restricted to the Old World and the Neotropical region 

(Eriopterella Alexander). Several groups now 

considered to represent distinct genera had been 

placed with Erioptera as subgenera; these include 

Cheilotrichia with subgenus Empeda, Empedomorpha, 

Gonempeda, Gonomyodes, and Hesperoconopa, as 

treated in the present bulletin. The immature stages 

of the various species as known occur in saturated 

to damp earth, chiefly in rich organic soil, in some 

cases in more sandy areas. 


OF ERIOPTERA 

Wings (fig. 445) with a complete vein crossing cell 

1st Mz from second section of vein MI+; to the 

angulated basal section of vein Ma, dividing the 

cell into two subequal halves; male hypopygium 

(fig. 463) . . . . . HOPLOLABIS Osten Sacken 

bipartita 0s- Sacken 

Wings with cell 1st Ma, when presc911G not divided. 2 

Wings (fig. 449) with a supernumerary crossvein at 

near midlength of cell Ra; vein 2nd A strongly 

sinuous on outer half; (cell 1st M; closed); male 

hypopygium (fig. 457) 

. . . SYMPLECTAMeigen 

cana (Walker) 

Wings without supernumerary rrossveins; vein 2nd A 

notmarkdysinuous . . . . . . . . . 3 

Antennae with terminal three segments abruptly 

smaller than the others; legs with long outxpreading 

setae that are much longer than the diamder 

of the segments, more ~onspkuous m the d e s 

closed, fig. 450); male hypopygium 

(cell 1st M X 

(fig. 458) . . . . . . TRIMICFU 0s- Sacken 

pilipea (Fabricius ) 

Antennae with flagellar segments progressively smallar 

outwardly; vestiture of legs not unusually long 

and conspicuous . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 

Wings with cell 1st Ma closed . . . . . . - . 5 

Wings with cell M z open . . . . . . . . . . 8 

Wings unpattemed . . . . . . . . . . . 6 

Wings pale, conspicuously patterned with brown . 

PSILOCONOPA Zetterstedt in part 7 

Wings (lig. 447) with vein 2nd A long, subsiuous, 

cell 1st A slightly widened beyond midength; male 

hypopygium with tergite and ~llosome without 

blackened armature , . . . . . . . . . . 

MESOCYPHONA 0s- 

Sacken in part 

dderiana Alexander 

Wings with vein 2nd A short and straight, cell 1st A 

gradually widened outwardly; male hypopygium 

(fig. 469) with the tergite and gmapophyses hmvity 

blackened . . PSILOCONOPA Zetterstedt in part 

margarita znon0em.s Alexander 

General coloration of thorax and abdomen yellow; 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

wings with cell 1st MZ 

elongate, the second and 

third sections of M I+Z subequal; male hypopygium 

(fig. 471) with outer dististyle two-branched, 

-apophyses stout . . . . . spama Alexander 

Gemeral coloration of thorax gray, abdomen brownish 

black; wings with cell 1st MZ 

shorter, the second 

section of MI+, shorter than the third; male 

hypopygium (fig. 470) with outer dististyle three+ 

branched, gonapophyses slender . raizzieria Alexander 

Wings (fig. 446) with cell Mz open by atrophy of 

basal section of vein MI; male hypopygium (fig. 

(464) with outer distisele profoundly divided into 

two long glabrous spines, inner style a long smooth 

slender spine; wings conspicuously patterned with 

brown and white . . . . . . . . . . . 

MESOCYPHONA Osten Sacken in part 9 

Wings (fig. 444, 448) with cell M z opeui by atrophy 

of m; male hypopygium not as above; wings not 

patterned as above . . . . . . . . . . 13 

Wings conspicuously patterned, the dark areas chiefly 

costal in distribution, cell Cu and anterior border of 

1st A whitened and scarcely patteune veins in the 

whitened spot at fork of Rt+S+4 darkened, conspicuous; 

cell R , relatively short, less than Ra . . 

knabi Alexander 

Darkened coloration of wings in all cells; veins in the 

pale areas inconspicuous, light yellow; cell Rs 

deeper,longerthan Re . . . . . . . . . . 10 

The pale wing pattern restricted to large spots along 

the veins, without futther whitened dots in the cells 11 

The pale wing pattern mcludes large spots and bands 

as above and with amell dots in virtuelly all cells . 12 

Tips of all tibiae narrowly brownish black; wing 

(fig. 446); malehypopygium (fig.464) . . . . 

dulcis Osten Sacken 

Tibiaeuniformlypaleyellow. . . . eiseniAl~ander 

Legs yellowed, the fernore with a relatively ~srmw 

brown subterminal ring . . . . distincta Alexander 

Legs yellowed, posterior femora with two broad 

darhed rings 

Wings (fig. 448) with vein 2nd A short and straight, 

. . . . . . . . diptera Say 

cell IstA graduallywidened outwardly . . . 

PSILOCONOPA Zetterstedt in part 14 

Wings (6g. 444) with vein 2nd A long and sinuous, 

cell 1st A being narrower at margin than just 

beyond midlength . . . ERIOPTERA Meigen 16 

Male hypopygium (fig. 467) with outer dististyle 

widened outwardly, apex unequally bidentate, inner 

style a simple straight md, the tip obtuw, interbase 

conspicuous, appearing as a long pale rod that 

widem More apeq terminating in a slender spine 

laticeps Alexander 

Male hypopygium with outer dististyle simple, inner 

stylespinous; interbasenot as above . . . . . 15 

Male hypopygium (6g. 465) with inner dististyle 

bearing two relatively small lateral spines; each 

gonapophysis tenninating in a long spine, its her 

margin with a small spinulose lobe . . . . . 

bispinigera Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 466) with inner dististyle 

terminating in a long slender spine; each gonapophysia 

deeply divided into two long acute spines; 

wing (fig. 448) . . . . . . bisufca Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 460) with the aedeagus


simple; outer dististyle slightly dilated on distal 

half, this provided with longitudinal rows of parallel 

elongate spines, inner style without spinous points, 

apex oval, terminating in a single strong pale seta, 

each gonapophysis appearing as a triangular dark- 

ened plate that terminates in a strong spine . . 

oregonensis Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 459,461,462) with aedeagus 

divided into two long terminal filamentq outer 

dististyle without rows of spines, as described, inner 

style with a more or less developed spine; each 

gonapophysis appearing as an elongate blade . . 17 

17 Halteres with knobs hmwnish black; male hypopygium 

(fig. 461) with inWr dktistyle bearing a sleader 

blackened spine on outer margin at near midleagth; 

wings (fig. 444) with macmtrichia of veins relatively 

short, less than onethird the diamebx of the 

cells . . . . . . . aeptemhionis aten Sacken 

Halteres yellow; male hypopygium (figs. 459, 462) 

with inner dististyle beering a small spine or point 

at or neer outer end; wings with macrotrichia of 

veins long and delicate, exceding one-half the 

diameter d the cells . . . . . . . . . . 18 

18 Male hypopygium (fig. 459) with about the distal 

half of outer dististyle with a blackened flange on 

inner margin -ding to the acute tip; inner 

style with apex twisted, narrowed into a short spinq 

gonapophyses smooth 

Male hypopygium (fig. 462) with outer dististyle a 

smooth flattened blade with only the tip darkmed; 

inner style with a small erect spine on outer margin 

at near three-fourths the length; outer half of 

gonapophyses with microscopic appressed spinules 

. . . . . dyari Alexander 

Subgenus Erioptera Meigen 

villoaa Osten Sacken 

Erioptera Meigen, 1803, Mag. fiir Insektenkunde 2:262. 

The majority of the species of the typical subgenus 

occur in the Holarctic region, with 26 Nearctic species, 

of which only four have been taken in California and 

with very few others in the west 

Erioptera (Erioptera) dyari Alexander 

(Fig. 459; Map 95) 

Erioptera (Erioptera) dyari Alexander, 1924, U. S. Natl. Mus. 

Proc. 64 (10) :6-7. 

Holotype 8; Gold Lake Camp, Plumas County, Calif. 

(USNM). 

Geographic range.-California, Montana, Oregon, Washington. 

California reCOrds.-AMADOR CO. : Foster Meadow, VII-19- 

64 (C. D. Hynes, HC). FRESNO CO.: Shaver Lake, along 

Musick Creek, 5522 feet, VI-8-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

INYO CO.: Intake Camp, Middle fork of Bishop Creek, 8000 

feet, VU-8-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). PLuMAS CO.: Gold 

Lake Camp, VII-22-16 (H. G. Dyar, USNM); type. SHASTA 

CO.: Lassen Volcanic National Park, Upper Kings Creek 

Meadows, 7500 feet, VII-6-47 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Map 95. Locality records in California for Erioptera (Eriopfera) 

dyari Alexander (circles), E. (E.) septemfrionis Osten 

Sacken (triangles), and E. (E.) oregonensis Alexander 

(squares). 

Erioptera (Erioptera) oregonensis Alexander 

(Fig. 460; Map 95) 

Erioptera (Erioptera) oregonensis Alexander, 1920, Pomona 

Col. Jour. Ent. 12:87-88. 

Holotype 8 ; Tillamook, Oregon (CPA). 


Caliform*a recofds.-ALAMEDA Co.: Berkeley, 111-1949 

(L. W. Quate, CIS). SANTA CLARA CO.: Corte Madera Creek, 

Palo Alto, X-7-07 (R. W. Doane, CAS). SAN MATEO Co.: 

Woodside, near Palo Alto, 111-9-06 (R. W. Doane, CAS). 

Erioptera (Erioptera) septemtrionis Osten Sacken 

(Figs. 444, 461; Map 95) 

Erioptera septerntrionis Osten Sacken, 1859, Acad. Nat. Sci. 

Phila. Proc. 1859:226. 

Syntypes, 8 0 ; Maine, New York (MCZ). 

Geographic range.-California, Oregon, Washington, eastward 

to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, southward to Alabama, 

Florida, Georgia. 

California ~~~~~~S.-HUMBOLDT CO.: Orick, Hemdon Ranch, 

VIII-948 (R. W. Coleman, CPA). MODOC CO.: Warner 

Mountains, Cedar Pass, 6000 feet, VIII-7-65 (E. and I. 

Munroe, CNC). SISKIY~U CO.: Mount Shasta City, VIII-22- 

58 (J. A. Powell, CIS).


Erioptera (Erioptera) villosa Osten Sacken 

(Fig. 462) 

Erioptera (Erioptera) villosa 0s- Sacken, Acad. Nat Sci. 

Phila. Proc. 1859:226. 

Holotype 8; "Middle States" (MCZ). 

Synonym.-Erioptera (Eriopfera) dilatafa Alexander, 1924, 

U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 64 (10): 7-8. 

Holotype 8; Missoula, Montana (USNM). 

Geographic range.-New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec, 

Saskatchewan; California, Colorado, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, 

east to New York. 

California records.--S~~You Co.: Mount Shesta City, at 

light, VII-4/11-58, VIII-3-58 (J. A. Powell, CIS); VI-1% 

59 (G. W. Byers, UK). 

Subgenus Hoplolabis Men Sacken 

Erioptera (Hoplolabis) aten Sacten, 1869, Mon. Dipt. N. 

Amer. 4:152. 

There are four species, all Nearctic, with one 

m '"-7' _. - 

(asiatica Alexander) occurring also in eastern Asia. 

,. ___ , . 

I L__-,-+---_L_I__. ,I/ Irn ,/. ,Y ,* -* 

--_ -.-A 

Map 96. Locality records in California for Eriopfera (Hoplolabis) 

bipartite aten Saclcen (circles). 

Erioptera (Hoplolabis) hipartita &ten Sacken 

(Figs. 445, 463; Map 96) 

Erioptera bipartita Osten Sacken, 1877, U. S. Geol. and 


Syntypes 2 8 ,lO ; San Rafael, Marin County, Calif. (MCZ). 


California recordo.-CONTRA COSTA CO.: Antioch, VII-1- 

37 (E. S. Ross, CAS). Moraga, VII-5-65 (D. G. Denning, 

I 

CPA). KERN Co.: Greenhorn Mountains, Cedar Creek Campground, 

4460 feet, V-18-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Spout 

Springs, near Alta Sierra, 5000 feet, V-18-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Los ANGELBS Co.: Los Angeles, V-2-15 (M. C. 

Van Duzee, CPA). MARIN Co.: San Rafael, IV-V-1876 

(Osten Sacken, MCZ); types. PLUMAS Co.: Without exact 

data, VIE14-64 (C. D. Hyne~, HC). RIVERSIDE Co.: Cle~eland 

National Forest, Santa Ana Mountains, San Juan Canyon, 

Upper San Juan Forest Camp, 1745 feet, V-8-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). San Jacinto Mountains, Idyllwild, at Camp 

Emerson along Strawberry Creek, 5300 feet, VI-29-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Slur B~~~ARDINO Co.: San Bemardino 

Mountains, Barton Flats, 6200 feet, VlI-3-58 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA); Forest Home, V-6/24-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA); Lake Arrowhead, 5150 feet, V-22-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA); Mill Creek Camp, Thurman Flats picnic area, 3400 

feet, V-6/2663, VI3063 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Seven 

Oaks, along Santa Ana River, So00 feet, V-12-63, VI3043 

(C P. Alexander, CPA). Sm Drrrc~ Co.: Palomar Mountain, 

Doane Creek, 4700 feet, VII-12-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

SAN FRANCIS~O CO.: San Francisco (0s- Sacken, MCZ). 

SAN MAT^ CO.: Portola State Park, along Pescadem Creek, 

400 feet, III-27-64, N-23-64 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SANTA 

CLARA CO.: Stanford University, San Francisquito Creek, III- 

29-41 (T. H. G. Aim, CPA). Corte Madera Creek, Palo 

Alto, V-10-46, X-7/12-07 (R. W. h e , CAS). SANTA 

CRuz Co.: Ben bond, 1500 feet, VI-2-45 (L. W. Saylor, 

CPA). SONOMA Co.: Glen Ellen, IV-29-50 (H. B. Leech, 

CAS). 

Subgenus Mesocyphona Osten Sacken 

Eriopfera (Mesocyphona) &ten Sacken, 1869, Man. Dipt. N. 

Amer. 4:152. 

One of the larger divisions of Erioptera, with about 

15 Nearctic species and more numerous representatives 

in tropical America. One species, transmarina 

Bergroth, of North Africa, may be found to belong 

here. 

Erioptera (Mesocyphona) diptera Say 

(caloptera of authors) 

(Map 97) 

Erioptera diptera Say, 1823, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 3: 17. 

Type; Missouri (type destroyed). 

Geographic range.-Califomia, eestward to Ontario and 

Quebec, southward to Alabama, Florida; Neotropics. 

CaZiiomia records.-W CO.: Mill Valley, V 4 8 (H. 

B. Leech, CAS). MONTEREY CO.: Paraiso Hot Springs, 1400 

feet, VII-15-54 (0. Bryant, CAS). SANTA BARBARA Co.: 

Summerland, 1958 (C. W. Kirkwood, CPA). 

Erioptera (Mesocyphona) distincta Alexander 

(Map 97) 

Erioptera (M-yphona) distincta Alexander, 1912, Psyche 

19: 165-166. 

Holotype 8 ; Highrolls, New Mexico (ANSP). 

Geo&aphic range.-Arixona, California, Colorado, New 

Mexico, Utah, Wyoming. 

Califorda rcscords.--FRES~O CO.: Fresno, V-16-56 (R. 0. 

Schuster, CIS). INYo CO.: Bishop Sewage Plant, IV-1661


Map 97. Locality records in California for Erioptera (Mesocyphona) 

caliplera Say (triangles) and E. (M.) diatincta 


(J. D. Birchim, CPA). Indmdence, N fork of Oak Creek 

above tish hatchery, So00 feet, VI-25-63 (C P. Alexander, 

CPA). KERN Co.: Bloomfield Ranch, 4 mi E of Onyx, S 

fork of Kern River, 2550 feet, V-13-63 (C. P. AIeaander, 

CPA). Greenhorn Mountains, Cedar Creek Tributary S, 100 

yards below road, IV-16-61 (R E. Bellamy, 5007, CPA). 

Poso Creek, Monk Bridge, V-25-62 (R E. Bellamy, 5154, 

CPA). MONTEREY CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings 

Reservation, Big Creek, VI-9-48, V-5-49 (J. L-insdale, 

CAS, CIS, HR). SAN DIEGO Co.: Kitchen Creek, swept from 

Anemopsk californica, Saunuaceae, VI-28-50 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SAN LUIS OBISW CO.: C m Alto, III-23- 

61 (Wofford, HC). SANTA CLARA Co.: Alum Rock Park, 

6 mi. E of San Jose, IV-20-51 (J. W. Tilden, SJS). Stanford 

University, 111-20-06, IV-S-09 (R. W. Dome, CAS); IX- 

19-53, 11-16-56, X-24-57 (P. H. Amaud, CAS). T- 

0%: Tule River at east end of Success Lake, V-19-63 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). VENTURA CO.: Piru Canyon, IV-2748 

(R. W. Coleman, CIS). 

Erioptera (Mesocyphona) ddus Osten Sacken 

(Figs. 446, 464; Map 98) 

Erioptera dulcis Osten Sacken, 1877, U. S. Geol. and Geog. 


Syntypes 6 8 ; Lake Tahoe, Placer County, Calif. (MCZ). 

Geographic range.-California, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. 

cafifomia records.--F~~~NO CO.: Kinks Canyon National 

Park, Swale Camp, VIII-6-59 (C. P. Alearnder, CPA). 

Sequoia National Forest, Hume Lake, 5300 feet, VI-20-63 

Map 98. Locality records in California for Erioptera (Mesocyphona) 

dufcis Osten Sacken (circleis). 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Sequoia National Park, Mark Twain 

Big Tree, 6300 feet, VII-7-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). INYO 

Co.: Independence, N fork of Oak Creek above fish hatchery, 

5000 feet, VI-25-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MADERA CO.: 

Devils Postpile National Monument, Red's Meadows, 7600 

feet, VIE747 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MARIFQSA CO.: 

Yosemite National Park, Bridalveil Creek, 7000 feet, VII-8- 

50; Wawona, Chilnualna Creek, 4000 feet, VII-9-50 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). ME"O Co.: Mmdocino, VII-19-58 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONO CO.: West Walker River, near 

Chris Flat Forest Camp, 6500 feet, VII-18-50 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). PLAm CO.: Deep Creek, Truckee River, 

5950 feet, VIE147 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Lake Tahoe, 

VII-19-1876 (&ten Sacken, MU); types. RIVERSIDE CO.: 

San Jacinto Mountains, Fuller Mill Creek, 6000 feet, VI-29- 

63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: San 

Bernardino Mounbins, Sugarloaf Mountain, Cienaga, 7200- 

7400 feet, VII-16-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SHASTA CO.: 

Castle Crags State Park, 2100 feet, VIII-13-48, VII-27/30- 

50, VII-30-58; 3000 feet, in Dilrlingtoda bog, VII-6-53 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). Hatchet Pass, near Bumey, 4000 feet, 

VIG-7, VII-25-59 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SIERRA Co.: 

4.8 mi. SE of Sierraville, VI-14-59 (G. W. Byers et al., UK). 

SImMU CO.: Mount Shasta City, V11-3-58 (J. A. Powell, 

CIS). S fork of Sacramento River, near Gumboot Lake, 6500 

feet, in Darlington;a bog, VIII-13-48 (C P. Alexander, CPA). 

TULARE CO.: Camp Nelson, Nelson Creek, 5000 feet, V-29-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Sequoia National Park, Dorst Camp, 

VU-19-46; Log Meadow, VII-19-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA).

'if0 Nrnia Znsect Survey 

1. 

Map 99. Locality records in California for Erioptera (Mesacypona) 

eiseni Alexander (triangles) and E. (M.) melanderiana 


Erioptera (Mesocyphona) eiseni Alexander 

(Map 99) 

Erioptera (Mesacyphona) eiseni Alexander, 1913, U. S. Natl. 

Mus. Pmc. 44:516. 

Holotype; Aguna, Guatemala (USNM). 

Geographic range.-A&ona, California, New Mexico, Utah; 

Neotropics. 

California records4m Drew Co.: Borrego, V-3-56 

(J. A. Powell, CIS); Lowex Tub Canyon, I100 feet, 111-17-47 

(N. Crickmer, CPA); Tub Springs, 2000-2500 feet, 11-23-47 

(N. Crickmer and J. L. Spemy, CPA). Palomar Mountain, 

Doane Valley Ravine, 4700 feet, at light, VII-12-46 (C. P. 

Alexander and J. A. Comstock, CPA). 

Erioptera (Memcyphona) knabi Alexander 

Erioptera IiUesocyphona) knabi Alexander, 1913, U. S. Natl. 

Mus. Proc. 44:515-516. 

Holotype 9 ; S ali Cruz, Oaxaca, Mexico (USNM). 

Geographic ran$e.-A&ona, California, Texas, eestward to 

Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, Florida; Mexico. 

California mrd.--IO%mu Co.: POSO Creek, Monk Bridge, 

IV-18-62 (R. E. Bdlmy, 5128, CPA). 

Erioptera fMesocyphona) malanderiana Alexander 

(Fig. 447; Map 99) 

Erioptera ~M-yphona) danderiana Alexander, 1944, Great 

Basin Nat. 5:99-100. 

Holotype 8 ; Mount Rainier, Washington (CPA). 

Synonym.-Erioptera (Mesocyphona) unddi&ra Alexander, 

1945, Canad. Ent 77:208. 

Holotype 9; Bly, Klamath County, Oregon (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Califomia, Nevada, Oregun, Washington. 

California MARIPOSA Co.: YoSemite National 

Park, Bridalveil Cmek, 7500 feet, in Camas meadow, VII- 

11-50: along Bridalveil Creek, 7050 feet, VII-22/24-46, VII- 

8/11-50 (C. P.Alexander, CPA). MONO CO.: Mammoth Lakes 

District, Coldwater Creek, 9OOO feet, VII-5/7-57 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). NEVADA Co.: Spooners Summit near Lake 

Tahoe, VII-3-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). PLACER Co.: 

Truckee, VII-5-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). PLVMM CO.: 

4 mi. W of Quincy. VI-24-49 (P. D. Hurd, CIS). SHASTA 

CO.: Lassen Volcanic National Park, Hat Me, 6450 feet, 

VIII-8-58; Upper Kings Creek Meadows, 7500 feet, VII-6- 

47, VII-27-59, VIl-2140; Lost Creek, SO00 feet, VIII-6-57; 

Summit Lake, 6700 feet, VII-25-50 (C. P. Al-dW, CPA). 

SIERRA Co.: 4.8 mi. SE of Sierraville, VI-14-59 (G. W. Byers 

et al., UK). S~SKIVOU CO.: Mount Shasta, Panther Meadows, 

7600 feet, W-23-59 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Mount Shasta 

City, light trap, VI-24-58, Vm-10/27-58 (J. A. Powell, 

US). S fork of Spcremento River, near Gumboot Lake, 6500 

feet, WI-13-48 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). TUOLUMNE Co.: 

Yogemite National Park, Tuolumne Meadows, 8590 feet, VII- 

17-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Subgenus Psiloconopa Zetterstedt 

Psiloampa Zetterstedt, 1838, Ins. Lepponica, p. 847. 

llisia Rondani, 1856, Dipt Ital. prodr. 1:182. 

Acyphona aten Sackem, 1869, Mon. Dipt N. her. 4:151. 

As presently recognized, Psiloconopa is one of the 

larger divisions of Eriopteta, including about 35 

species in the Nearctic region, with six in California 

and a few others regional. 

Erioptera (Psiloconopa) bispinigera Alexander 

(Fig. 465) 

Erioptera (Ilisia) bispinigera Alexander, 1930, Brooklyn Ent 

Soc. Bul. 25:76-77. 

Holotype 8 ; Bozeman, Montana (CPA). 

Geographic range.4ifornia, Montana, Omgon, Utah, 

Wyoming. 

Calif0m.a remrde.StERRA CO.: Cold Creek, VI-26-65 (C. 

D. Hynea, HC). Little Truckee River, VII-17-64, VX-24-65 

(C. D. Hynes, HC). 

Erioptera (Psiloconopa) bisulca Alexander 

(Figs. 448, 466) 

Erioptera (Psilocormpa> bid- Alexander, 1948, Canad. Ent 

80: 166-167. 

Holotype 8; Yosernite National Park, Mariposa County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California reoords-F~~sNO Co.: Kings Canyon National 

Park, S fork of Kings River at Cedar Grove Camp, V111-7- 

59 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); 4500 feet, VI-2047 (C. P. 


Co.: YoSemite National Park, 

Bridalveil C m 7050 feet, VII-11-46, VII-7/11-50 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA); types; Tamarack Creek, 6315 feet, VII-23- 

57 (C P. Alexander, CPA).

Erioptera (Psilownopa) Iaticeps Alexander 

(Fig. 467) 

Erioptera Zaticeps Alexander, 1916, Aced. Nat Sdi Phila. 

Proc 68:501-502, fig. 34 (ven.), fig. 97 (6hyp.). 

Holotype 6 ; Blue Lake, Humboldt County, Calif. (CU). 

Geographic ran8e;--l(nown only from California. 

California record.-H~~ 

CO.: Blue Lake, VI-20/27- 

07 (J. C. Bradley, CU); types. 

Erioptera (Psiloconopa) margariia monoensis 

Alexander 

(Figs. 468, 469) 

Erioptera (Psiloconopa) margarita tnonoen&s Alexander, 1966, 

her. Ent Soc. Trans. 92:127, 128. 

Holotype 8 ; Leevitt Meadows, Mono County, Calif. (CAS). 

Geographic ran&.-Kn- only from California 

California record.-MONO CO.: Leavitt Meadows, 7200 feet, 

VIII-13-63 (H. B. Leech, CAS); typA 

u ", .: 't 8. y - 111 I" ~ an j" 

,1_? 

1 .M...(.L 

w3 v 111 Y t" I. .It I* %m 

Map 100. Locality records in California for Erioptera (Psilooonopa) 

raideria Alexander (circles). 

Erioptera (Psilownopa) rainieria Alexander 

(Fig. 470, Map 100) 

Eriopiera (Psiloconopa) raimeria Alexander, 1943, Ent News 

54:4647. 


b&aphic range.4ifOrni4 Montana, Oregon, Washington, 

Wyoming. 

California records.-A~dA~O~ Co.: Foster Meadow, VII- 

19-64, VII-1-65 (C. D. Hynes, HC). EL Do- Co.: Upper 

Echo Lake, Freebarn Cabin, 7500 feet, VII-347 (C. P. 


139 

Alexander, CPA). FRgsNO CO.: Shaver Lake, along Musick 

Creek, 5522 feet, VI-8-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). INYO Co.: 

Big Pine Creek, Glacier Lodge, 7800 feet, VII-10-57; Sabrina 

Lake, 9100 feet, VII-8-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). White 

Mountains, Wyman Canyon, 10,000 feet, VI-21-61 (J. A. 

Powell, CIS). MARIPOSA Co.: Yosemite National Park, Bridalveil 

Creek, 7000 feet, VII-24-46, VII-7/11-50 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Mom CO.: Knox Mountain, 30 mi. SW 

of Alturas, VII-8-64 (D. L. Dahlsten, CIS). MONO CO.: 


5/7-57, VIII-14-59 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). West Walker 

River, near Chris Flat Forest Camp, 6500 feet, VII-18-50 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). NEVADA Co.: Cisco, VI-13-39 (M. A. 

bier, CPA). PLACER Co.: Deep Creek, Truckee River, 5950 

feet, VI-30-47, VII-4-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SHASTA 

CO.: Lassen Volcanic National Park, Upper Kings Creek 

Meadows, 7500 feet, VII-747, VI-27-59 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). SIERRA CO.: 4.8 mi. SE of Sierraville, VI-14-59 (G. 

W. Byers et al., UK). S ~ O (3.: U Mount Shasta, Panther 

Meadows, 7600 feet, VII-23-59 (C. P. Al-der, CPA). 

TULARE Co.: Sequoia National Park, Donit Camp, VII-19-46; 

Log Meadow, 6400 feet, YKI-3-!50, VI-22-63; Round Meadow, 

VII-18-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). TUOLUMNE Co.: Ywemite 

National Park, Tdumne Meadows, Upper Tuolumne River, 

8555 feet, vm-4-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Erioptera (Psilownopa) sparsa Alexander 

(Fig. 471) 

Erioptera (ACYP~OM) sparsa Alexander, 1919, Ent News 

30:2 14-215. 

Holotype 8; Berkeley, Alameda County, calif. (CPA). 


California tecords;--ALAMEDA m.: Berkeley, V-28-15 

(M. C. Van Duzee, CPA); type. DEL NO= Co.: Crescent 

City, Vm-5-40 (H. K Townes, CPA). mono^ CO.: Warner 

Mountains, Cedar Pass, 6OOO feet, VIII-7-65 (E. and 

L Munroe, CNC). S-A Co.: Hatch& Pass, near Burney, 

4000 feet, VII-12-48 (C. P. Alexanda, -A). 

Subgenus Symplecta Meigen 

Sympleeta Meigen, 1830, Syst Beschr. Zweifl. Ins. 6:282. 

A small group, widespread throughout the Holarctic 

region, with a few further species in South America 

to Chile and Argentina along the Andean chain. Four 

species occur in North America, chiefly in Alaska, the 

only one in California being the species considered 

here. This is one of the most widely distributed crane 

flies. The immature stages have been discussed by 

the writer and others (Alexander, 1920:929-931). 

Erioptera (Symplecta) cana (Walker) 

(Figs. 449, 457, Map 101) 

Limnobia cana Walker, 1848, List Dipt Brit Mus. 1:48-49. 

Holotype 8; St Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's 

Bay, Ontario (BM). 

Geographic rmge.-British Columbia; California, Oregon, 

eastward and southwestward almost throughout the United 

Statas. 

Califha -~&-A-DA Co.: Berkeley, 111-22-1897. 

Hayward, 11-11-39 (K. D. Snyda, CIS). Oakland Hills, 1400


Map 101. Locality records in California for Eri0pter.a (Swplecfa) 

cana (Walker) (circles). 

feet, I1464 (J. A. Powell, CIS). Pleasanton, X-12-32 (A. 

Michelbacher, CIS). CoL- CO.: Colusa, VIII-15-55 (R 0. 

Schuster, CIS). CONTRA CO~A CO.: Antioch, IV-9-49 (L. w. 

Quate, CIS). Bear Creek, at Light, IV-12-58 (S. F. Cook, 

CIS). Danville, IX-440 (H. B. Laech, CAS); V-9-52 (Fa 

X. Williams). El Cerrito, X-25-62 (T. R. Haig, CAS). Pt. 

Molate, Richmond, 11-15-64 (J. A. Powell, CIS). Mount 

Diablo, Russelmann Park, IV-9-58 (D. Bmdick, CIS). 

Walnut Creek, at light, IV-1558 {H. F. Madsen, CIS). 

FRESNO CO.: Freeno, IV-25, V-16-56 (R. 0. Schuster, CIS). 

Highway 180 to Fresno, 4900 feet, VI-7-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Shaver Lake, along Musick Creek, 5522 feet, VI-S-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Tollhouse, along Dry Creek, 1950 

feet, VI-1063 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). HUMR~L.DT Co.: 

Orick, Herndon Ranch, VIII-948 (R W. Coleanan, CPA). 

IMPERIAL CO.: Brawley, in alfalfa field, IV-14-59 (E. I. 

Schlinger, UCR). Niland, at light, IV-25-49 (L. W. Quate, 

CIS). INYO Co.: Aberdeen Creek, 4000 fee+ V-16-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Big Pine Creek, Glacier Lodge, 8000 feet, 

VI-27-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Intake Camp, Middle 

fork Bishop Creek, 8000 feet, VII-8-57 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Death Valley, at Scottfs Castle, 3000 feet, IV-21-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). Independence, N fork of Oak Creek 

above fish hatchery, SO00 feet, IV-23/25-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Lone Pine, along Owens River, 3700 feet, V-15-63 

(C P. Alexander, CPA); 3800 feet, V-15-64 (J. D. Birchim, 

CPA). KERN CO.: Greenhorn Momtains, Cedar CreeL Tributary 

"A," 111-31-62 (R. E. Bellamy, 5113, CPA). Los 

ANGELES Co.: Los Angeles, 111-7-15 (M. C. Van Dusee, 

CPA). Santa Monica, 11-1876 (Osten Sacken, Ma). MARIN 

Co.: San Rafael, IXX-31-1876 (08ten Sack-, MU). 

MARKPOSA CO.: Yosernite National Park, Yosemite Valley, on 

cliffs among bodders, VI-14-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

MENMICINO Co.: Mendocino, VII-19-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Navarro, 8 mi. W along Navarro River, IX-4-50 (H. B. 

Leech, CAS). Ukiah, at light, I-lU9, 111-1559 (S. M. 

Fidel, UCD). MEsaceD CO.: W, VI-10-50 (E. A. Smith, 

SJS). MODOC (3.: Knox Mountain, 30 mi. SW of Alms, 

VI1444 (D. L. Dahlsten, CIS). MONO CO.: Hot Springs, 

E of Bridgeport, at light, VIII-11-62 (H. B. Laech, CPA). 

Leavitt Meadow, 7200 feet, VIII-13-63 (H. B. Leech, CAS). 

Little Walker River, 6800 feet, VI-27-57 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Mammoth Lakes District, Coldwater Creek, goo0 feet, 

W-5-57, VU-14-59 (C P. Alexander, CPA). McGee 

Creek, 7100 feet, VI-27-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Rodr 

Creek, in sage brush, 6800 feef VI-26-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Warren Creek, below Tioga Pass, 8000 feet, VII-18-50 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). We-st Walker River, near Chris Flat 

Forest Camp, 6500 feet, VII-18-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

White Mamtains, Blanm's Corral, l0,oOO feet, VI-20-53 (J. 

W. MacSWain, CIS); Cmked C d , 10,150 feet, VI-1961 (J. 

A. Powell, CIS). Willow Springs, VIE1840 (C. P. Al-der, 

CPA). MONTEREY CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings 

Reservation, VI-13,1440, 11-11-51, nI-1551, IV-9-51 

(J. Idnsdale, CIS, CPA); VIII-8-58 (C P. Alexandw, CPA). 

Salinas, at black light, III-27-61 (W. H. Lange, UCD). 

NEVADA Co.: DOMW Creek, VI-1147 (K. M. Fender. CPA). 

Truckee, WE1948 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). PnCER CO.: 

Deep Creek, Truckee River, 5950 feet, VI-3-7, VII4-53 

(C. P. AlePtandm, CPA). RrvERslDB CO.: Hopkins W&, w- 

16-58 (J. A. Powell, CIS). Indio, in alfalfa field, XII-18-59 

(E. I. sdrlinger, UCR). Rivdde, 11-24-35 (A. L. Melander, 

CPA); 111-1845 (P. H. Timberlake, CPA). San Jacinto 

Mountains, Idyllwild, along Strawberry Creek at Camp Emerson, 

5300 feet, IV-7-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN 

BERNARDINO Co.: San Bemardino Mountains, Barton Flats, 

6300 feet, VII-1446, VII-3-58 (C. P. Alerand-, CPA); 

VII-19-46, IX-2846 (N. Cricher and J. L. Sperr~, CPA); 

Forest Home, along Mill Creek, 5100 feet, V-6-63 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Marongo Canyon at Levine Ranch, IV- 

6-63 (C. P. Alaxander, CPA). Naedle~, II-18-14, IV-6-18 

(CPA). SAN DI&GO Co.: Borrego, Palm Canyon, 111-28-36 

(P. H. Timberlake, CPA); Lower Tub Canyon, 1100 feet, 

111-1747 (N. Crickme, CPA). Cleveland National Forest, 

Glenclif€ campground near Buckman Springs along Cottonwood 

CreeL, 3800 feet. N-9-63 (C. P. Al-dm, CPA). 

Lake Henshaw outlet, along San Luis Rey River, IV-30-63 

(C. P. Alexander, CPA). La Posta Creek, on Highway 80, 

IV-13-63 (C P. Alexander, CPA). Morena Lake, near 

Campo, 3080 feet, IV-1063 (C P. Alesander, CPA). Palomar 

Mountain, 4700 feet, VII-4-45 (J. A. Cornstock, CPA). San 

Diego. III-Sl897. SAN LUIS Oerseo Co.: Porn, IV-28-62 

(J. A. Powell and C. A. Toschi, CIS). SAN MA- CO.: San 

Bruno Mountains, 111-31-56 (P. H. Amaud, CAS); 11-27-62 

(J. A. Powell, CIS). SANTA CLARA CO.: Corte Madera Creek, 

Palo Alto, V-15-06 (R. W. Doan% CAS). Evw-, 111-10- 

58 (J. W. Til&, SJS). Sari Jose, 111-942 (J. W. Tilden, 

SJS). SANTA CRUZ Co.: Santa Cruz Mountains, IV-19-1895 

(R. W. Doane, CAS). SWSTA CO.: Bumey Falls State Park, 

VIII-1-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Hatchet Pass, near 

Burneg, 4200 feet, VIE-1248 (C. P. AlmdM, CPA). 

Lassen Volcanic National Park, Reflection Lake, 5880 feet, 

VII-23-50 (C. P. Alexander. CPA); Hat Creek, VII-1853 

(W. c. Day, CAS); Lost creek, 5000 f* VIII-1038 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA); Upper Kings Creek Meadows, 7400 

feet, VII-21-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Hat Lake, 6450 feet,

Alexander: The Crane Flies of californa 14 1 

VIII4,8-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). S-U CO.: Mount 

Shasta City, at light, VI-22-58, VII-20-58, VIII-22-58 (J. 

A. Powell, CIS). Mount Shasta, Panther Meadows, 7600 feet, 

VII-23-59 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SONOMA CO.: Bodega 

gay, IV-16-65 (J. D. Birchim, CPA). Santa Ra, Il-9-65 

(J. D. Birchim, CPA). STANISLAUS CO.: Westfey. III-26-61 

(W. H. Lange, UCD). TUWRS CO.: Sequoia National Park, 

Round Meadow, VII-18-46 (C. P. &-der, WA). Near 

White River, V-18-63 (C. P. Alezander, WA). TUOLWUNB 

CO.: Strawberry, VIII-1/4-50, VIII-2/30-60 (D. Q. 

Cavagnaro, CIS). Yosemite National Park, Tudumne 

Meadows, 8555 feet, VII-1-0, VII-2-57 (C. P. Almdm, 

CPA). YOU, CO.: Davis, 111-1447 (W. H. Lanm UCD). 

Subgenus Trirnicra Osten Sacken 

Trimicra Oaten Sacken, Aced Nat Sci. Phila. Proc. 1861:290. 

Trimicra represents one of the smallest divisions 

of Eriopfera, with four species presently recognized 

by the writer, of which two (brachyptera Alexander 

and antipodarum Alexander of the subantarctic 

islands of New Zealand) are subapterous. 

The single American species also occurs virtually 

throughout the world, including some of the remote 

islands in the Pacific and Indian oceans, and the 

ways by which it has attained this virtually cosmopolitan 

distribution remain in question. In another 

paper (Alexander, 1962, Pacific Insects 4: 939-944) 

I have discussed this problem of distribution in Trimicra 

and have listed the apparent synonyms throughout 

the world, nearly 30 in number. 

The immature stages have been discussed in 

several accounts that are listed in the paper cited. 

They occur in mud and wet earth at the margins of 

ponds or streams, in cases being coastal under 

brackish to nearly marine conditions. 

Erioptera (Trimicra) pilipes (Fabricius) 

(Figs. 450, 458; Map 102) 

Tipula pilipes Fabricius, 1787, Mantissa Insecta 2:324. 

Type; Locality not known. 

Geographic range.Jalifornia, Oregon, Utah, eastward to 

Nova Scotia, southward to Texas and Mexico; cosmopolitan. 

California records.-ALAMEDA Co.: Bay Farm Island, V- 

18-40 (R. G. Dah4 CAS). Berkeley, V-27-15 (M. C. Van 

Duzee, CPA); IV-1-59 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). Oakland, 

V-26-15 (M. C. Van Duzee, CPA). CONTRA COSTA Co.: 

Tilden Park, Berkeley Hills, V-5-53 (J. D. Lattin, CAS). 

Antioch, V-26-54, VI-3-54 (J. L. Mallars); V-15-58 (D. 

D. Linsdalq CIS). pt. Mdate, Richmond, 11-11-64 (J. A. 

Powell, CIS). Pittsburg, XI-25-22 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). 

MSNO CO.: F ~ o V-15-56 , (R. 0. Schmter, CIS). 

HUMBOLDT Co.: Little River Beach, on cliff faces close to 

ocean, VII-3046 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Orick, IX-18-34 

(A. L. Melander, CPA); Hemdon Ranch, VIII-948 (R. W. 

Coleman. CPA). Ih~m Co.: Brawley, in alfalfa field, 

V-13-59 (E. I. Schlinger, UCR). KERN CO.: No exact locality, 

at light, IV-21-58 (R. E. Bellamy, 4006, CPA). 19 mi. E 

of Bakersfield, 111-24/26-47 (P. H. Amaud, CPA). Los 

Map 102. Locality records in California for Eriopfera (Trimicra) 

pilipes (Fabricius ) (circles). 

ANGELES Co.: Los Angel-, 11-1876 (Osten Sacken); 111-7- 

15 (M. C. Van Duzee, CPA). MARIN Co.: Angel Island, 

1-11-1876 (Osten Sacken). Mill Valley, V-25-51 (H. B. 

Leech, CAS), Point Rep, Dukes Bay, V-16-52 (H. B. 

Leech, CAS). San Rafael, IV-1876 (Osten Sacken, MCZ). 

West Novato, IV-3-61 (D. C. Rentz, CAS). MEND~QNO 

Co.: MacKemcher Beach State Park, Cleone Lake, VII-20- 

58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). MONTEREY Co.: Castroville, IV- 

3/7,9-61, (W. H. Lange, UCD). Monterey, VII-5-1896. 

Salinas, Blanco District, 111-13-61; at black light, 111-29-61 

(W. H. Lange, UCD). Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings 

Reservation, VII-20-40, VI-22-48, 111-28-51, V-25-51 (J. 

Linsdale, CIS, HR, UK). ORANGE CO.: Buena Park, XII- 

23-44 (A. L. Melander, CPA). Costa Mesa, IX-28-58 (M. E. 

Irwin, UCD). Newport, IV-24-27 (A. C. Davis, CIS). 

RIVERSIDE 0.: Riverside, V-3-59; at light, 11-9-63 (E. I. 

Schlinger, UCD). Temecula, V-IO-VI-7-45 (A. L. Melander, 

CPA). SAN DIEGO CO.: Bo~ego, V-2-46 (N. Crickmer, 

CPA). Campo Lake, near Campo, 2565 feet, IV-1063 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). Morena Lake, near Campo, 3080 feet, 

IV-2,10,29-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). San Diego, XI-IO- 

XII-9-13, IV-25-20 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). SAN JOAQUIN 

Co.: Near A.E.C., Corral Hollow Rd., 11-13-60 (D. C. Rentz, 

CAS). SAN MA- CO.: Beach south of Pescadero, XII-15- 

51 (P. H. Amaud, CAS). San Bruno, 111-31-56 (P. H. 

Amaud, CAS). SANTA BARBAM CO.: Santa Barbara, 11-1876 

(Osten Sacken, MCZ). SANTA CLARA Co.: Morgan Hill, 

V-27-57 (J. W. Tilden, SJS). Pa10 Alto, 111-16-01, IX-27- 

04, V-25-08 (R. W. Dome, CAS). SANTA CRUZ Co.: Santa 

Crux, V-1876 (Osten Sacken, MU); VI-3-19 (E. P. Van 

Duzee, CAS). SOLANO CO.: Fairfield, IV-24-59 (E. Mezger, 

UCD). Rio Vista, at light, IV-30-59 (E. Mager, UCD).


SONOMA CO.: Petaluma, W-23-38 (E. C. Johnsban, CAS). 

Bodega Bay, IV-16-65 (J. D. Birchim, CPA). Senta Rosa, 

IV-9-65 (J. D. Birchim, CPA). Sonoma Coast State Park, 

mouth of Russian River, VII-17-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 7 

STANISLAUS Co.: Turlock, X-15-56 (M. D. Stage, CIS). 

Westley, IV-2-61 (W. H. Lange, UCD). TULARE 0.: Tule 

River, E end of Success Lake, V-19-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). YOLO CO.: Davis, IV-2-51, W-2/23-61 (W. H. 

Lange, UCD). 

8 

Genus Ormosia Rondani 

OrmoSia Rondani, 1856, Dipt Ital. prodr. 1:180. 

Ormosia includes very numerous small crane flies, 

occurring through the Holarctic region, with two iso- 

9 

lated subgenera in the Ethiopian region, Trichotrimicra 

Alexander in southern and eastern Africa, and 

Neserioptera Alexander known only from the !bychelles 

islands in the Indian ocean Representatives 10 

of five subgenera are found in North America, with 

four in California. The immature stages occur in 

saturated organic earth near water (Alexander, 

1920~922-928). 

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SPECIES OF ORMOSIA 

1 Wings (fig. 451) with cell 1st MZ closed ... 2 

Wings (figs. 452454) with cell MI 

open .... 4 11 

2 Male hypopygium (figs. 472, 473) with apex of 

aedeagus extended into two long filaments; wings 

with Anal veins slightly convergent at outer ends 

R H Y P " U S Kolenati 3 

Male hypopygium (figs. 475, 476) with apex of 12 

aedeagus simple; wings with Anal veins diverging 

gradually to margin PARORMOSIA Alexander in part 

fusiformis (Doane) 

3 Male hypopygium (fig. 473) with gonapophysis hornyellow, 

extended into a very long straight spine . 

fumafa (bane) 

Male hypopygium (fig. 472) with gonapophysis 

blackened, appearing as a stout rod that divides at 

tip into two spines ..... bifidaria Alexander 13 

4 Wings (fig. 452) with cell MZ open by atrophy of m; 

(Anal veins divergent) ......... 5 

Wings (figs. 21, 453, 454) with cell Ma open by 

atrophy of basal section of M 3 (Anal veins divergent 

or convergent) . . ORMOSIA Rondani 6 

14 

5 Male hypopygium (fig. 474) with outer dististyle 

complex, including a slender outer spine and a 

massive bilobed inner part that is densely provided 

with rows of spinoid setae; inner dististyle 

before apex produced into a strong spine; wings 

moderately infuscated .......... 

PARORMOSIA Alexander in part 15 

divergens ( Coquillett) 

Male hypopygium (fig. 477) with outer dististyle a 

simple curved scabrous horn, narrowed to an acute 

spine, inner style a simple yellow blade; wings 

strongly infuscated . . 0REOPHIL.A Lackschewitz 

sequoiarum Alexander 

6 Antennae of male (figs. 493, 494) elongate, extend- 

ing about to base of abdomen or beyond ... 7 

Antennae short in both sexes, not as long 'as or 

scarcely longer than head ......... 16 

(Antennae of male long) 

Male hypopygium (figs. 478, 481, 486, 488, 495) 

with mesal face of basistyle armed with one or 

morespines .............. 8 

Male hypopygium (figs. 479, 484, 491, 492) with 

basistyle unarmed ........... 13 

Outer dististyle (@. 478, 482, 486) scabrous, the 

outer face with parallel rows of stiff setae to prr+ 

duce a roughened appearance ....... 9 

Outer dististyle (figs. 481, 488, 495) blackened, produced 

into strong spines, the surface without rows 

of stiff setae ............. 11 

Basistyle (fig. 478) with a single well-dweloped spine 

or point; phallosome with fxo divergent spinelike 

ganepophyses ..... amaudi Alexander 

Basistyle (figs. 482, 486) with two spines or blades 10 

Basistyle (fig. 486) with outer spine long and slender, 

acute, phallosome with three spinous elements, all 

genwatly parallel, the central aedeagus longer . 

heptacantha Alexander 

Basistyle (fig. 482) with the spines subequal; phalh 

some with five spinous points, the lateral apophyses 

incurved, decussate across the central aedeagus, 

eachwithaderlateralpointorspine ... 

bumeyemk Alexander 

Basistyle (fig. 488) with a single spinous point; outer 

dististyle massive, terminating in four spines . . 

legata Alexander 

Basistyle (figs. 481, 495) with two spines; outer 

dististyle smaller, terminating in two major spines 12 

Basistyle (fig. 481) with the two spines very unequal, 

the outer long and slender, basal spine very small; 

outer dististyle with apex broadly truncate, near 

base with two or three spines, one much larger . 

bumeyana Alexander 

Basistyle (fig. 495) with the two spines only slightly 

unequal, the outer one not exceeding twice the basal 

spine; outer dististyle with two spines, the larger 

one terminal ...... pleuracantha Alexander 

Sie very large (wing and body of male 10 mm, 

antenna 9 mm) ; male hypopygium with phallosome 

bearing a Y-shaped central structure (fig. 491) . 

nobilie Alexander 

Size smaller (male with length, Wing and antenna 

6 mm or less) ............. 14 

Male hypopygium (fig- 492) with gonapophyses appearing 

as pale flattened blades; antennae of male 

(fig. 493) with flagellar segments strongly nodulose, 

the basal enlargements conspicuous ..... 

pernodosa Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs 479,484) with gonapophyses 

appearing as blackened spines ....... 15 

Male hypopygium (fig. 479) with apex of inner 

dististyle obtuse; lateral gonapophyses appearing 

as long spines; inner phallosomic elements appear 

as four slender points .... bigladia Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 484) with apex of inner 

dististyle narrowly pointed and blackened; lateral 

gonapophyses shorter, their tips inwed; inner 

phallosomic elements reduced . curvim's Alexander 

(Antennae short in both sexes)

16 Male hypopygium (figs. 480, 489, 490, 496, 497) 

with outer dististyle small, scabrous, with parallel 

rows of stiff appressed setae or more delicate hairs 

Male hypopygium (figs. 483, 485, 487, 498) with the 

outer dististyle blackened, produced into strong 

17 

spines, without rows of stiff setae ..... 21 

Male hypopygium (figs. 480, 490) with the inverted 

ninth tergite very large, forming a broad deeply 

bilobed scoop; lateral end of phallosome on either 

side with a small curved blackened rod directed 

mesad (mdcata group, in part) ...... 18 

Male hypopygium (figs. 489, 496, 497) not greatly 

enlarged; phallosome without a structure such as 

described except in profunda ........ 19 

18 Male hypopygium (fig. 480) with gonapophyses 

relatively short, their apices incurved just beyond 

the tip of the spinous aedeagus ...... 

19 

20 

brnchyrhabda Al-der 

Male hypopygium (fig. 490) with gvnapophyses ap 

pearing as exceedingly long nearly straight slender 

spines; apex of the long slender aedeegus forked 

to form a ‘‘Y” ....... manicata (Doane) 

Male hypopygium (fig. 496) with the outer dististyle 

slender, the margin with a deep incision producing 

an unequally bilobed appearance; a blackened 

phallosomic rod, such as described in couplet 17a . 

(manicata group, in part) profunda Alexander 

Male hypopygium (figs. 489, 497) with outer dististyle 

simple; no such phallosomic structure, as 

described .............. 20 

Male hypopygium (fig. 489) with the inner dististyle 

terminating in a simple, very slender rod; phallosome 

without spinous points; wing with Anal veins 

divergent ....... leptorhabda Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 497) with margin of inner 

dististyle slightly notched beyond midlength; 

phallosome with several powerful blackwed spinous 

points; wing with Anal veins slightly convergent . 

tahoensis Alexander 


complex, blackened, extended into a narrow outer 

blade; venation (fig. 21) .... hynesi Alexander 

22 

23 

Male hypopygium (figs. 483,485, 498) with the inner 

dististyle a long narrow simple blade, unarmed except 

for a single small tuberde or spine on outer 

margin .............. .22 

Male hypopygium (fig. 483) with four major spinous 

points on outer dististyle, two much larger, placed 

at outer end of a flattened blade; inner dististyle 

with a small marginal tubercle , mrnuta (Dome) 

Male hypopygium (figs. 485, 498) with five spinous 

points on outer dististyle, three of which are on 

the short outer arm; inner dististyle with a slender 

acute marginal spine .......... 23 

Male hypopygium (fig. 498) with outer arm of outer 

dististyle with three subequal black spines; both 

spines of the inner arm simple, mating in long 

black points ....... trimrnis Alexander 

Male hypopygium (fig. 485) with outermost spine 

of outer arm of outer dististyle large, elevated, the 

others smaller; upper spine of inner arm with a 

strong lateral point on the dilated outer end before 

the terminal spine ...... dicera Alexander 


17 

Subgenus Oreophila Lackschewitz 

Ormosia (Oreophila) Lackschewitz, 1935, Troms. Mus. Arsh. 

(4) 53:7; 1939, Naturhist Mus. Wien. Ann. 50:34-35 

(published March 1940). 

Ormosia (Oreophila) Alexander, 1957, Philippine Jour. Sci. 

86:318. 

Oreophila includes about eight Holarctic species, 

five of which occur in North America, one in California. 

A further species, leptorhabda Alexander, had 

been referred here but seems more properly to be 

placed in typical Ormosia. 

Ormosia (Oreophila) sequoiarum Alexander 

(Figs. 452, 477) 

Omwsia (Ormosia) sequoiarum Alexander, 1944, Canad. Ent 

76:219. 


(CPA). 

Geographic range.-Known only fnnn California. 

California ~~~~.-TuLARE Co.: Sequoia National Park, 

Y4 mi. NW of Beetle Rock, VI-8-42 (0. Degener, CPA); 

tYP= 

Subgenus Ormosia Rondani 

Orrnosia Rondani, 1856, Dipt. Ital. prodr. 1:180. 

The typical subgenus is the largest in Ormosia, 

including a host of species throughout the Holarctic 

region and at higher altitudes in the Himalayas. 

About 70 species are recorded for North America, 

with many in the west. Certain species formerly 

placed here have been removed to another subgenus, 

Parormosia Alexander, which is discussed later. 

Ormosia (Ormosia) arnaudi Alexander 

(Fig. 478) 

Orrnosia (Ormosia) arnaudi Alexander, 1966, Amer. Ent. SOC. 

Trans. 92: 128-129. 

Holotype 8; Eureka, Humboldt County, Calif. (CAS). 


California recod.-Hu~~o~~m Co.: Eureka, VIII-12-53 

(P. H. Arnaud, CAS); tupe. 

Ormosia (Ormosia) bigladia Alexander 

(Fig. 479) 

Orrnosia (Ormosia) bigladia Alexander, 1966, Amer. Ent. 

SOC. Trans. 92:129. 

Holotype 8 ; Crescent City, Del Norte County, Calif. (a). 


California reCord.-Dm NO- Co.: 26.5 mi. NE of Crescent 

City, VI-22-59 (G. W. Byers, UK); type. 

Ormosia (Ormosia) brachyrhabda Alexander 

(Fig. 480) 

Ormosia (Ormosia) brachyrhabda Alexander, 1948, Amer. Midland 

Nat 39:65-66, fig. 42 (ven.), fig. 45 (& hyp.). 

Holotype 8; Henefer, Utah (CPA).


Geographic range.&alifornia, Utah, Wyoming. 

California record.-PLACER Co.: Truckee River, near Lake 

Tahoe, 6000 feet, VI-30-47 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Ormosia (Ormosia) burneyana Alexander 

(Fig. 481) 

Ormosia (Ormosia) bumyana Alexander, 1964, Great Basin 

Nat. 24:24-25. 

Holotype 8 ; Burney Falls, Shasta County, Calif. (CPA). 


California reCOrd.--SHASTA Co.: Burney Falls, VIII-1- 

58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); types. 

Ormosia (Ormosia) burneyensis Alexander 

(Fig. 482) 

Ormosia (Ormosia) bumeyensis Alexander, 1950, Ent. News 

61:33-34. 

Holotype 8; Hatchet Pass, near Burney, Shasta County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California records.-%iASTA Co.: Castle Crags State Park, 

2050 feet, VIII-13-48 (C. P. Alesander, CPA). Hatchet 

Pass, near Burney, 4000 feet, VII-9-47 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA ); type. 

Map 103. Locality records in California for Ormm*a (Ormosia) 

rnanicata (Doane) (circles), 0. (0.) cornuta (Doane) (triangles), 

and 0. (0.) hynesi Alexander (squares). 

Ormosia (Ormosia) cornufa (Doane) 

(Figs. 453, 483; Map 103) 

Rhyphofophus comutus Doene, 1908, Ent News 19:202. 

Syntypes 2 8, 1 9 ; Stanford University, Santa Clara County, 

Calif. (CAS). 


California records.-CONTRA COSTA CO.: Morae, VI-13-65 

(D. G. Denning, CPA). SAN MA= Co.: Corte Madera 

Creek, near Portola, V-23-49 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). SANTA 

CLARA CO.: Palo Alto, Corte Madera Creek, V-15-06 (R. W. 

Doane, CAS); type. SANTA CRUZ Co.: Ben Lomond (L. W. 

Saylor, CPA). 

Ormosia (Ormosia) curviwrnis Alexander 

(Fig. 484) 

Ormosia (Ormosia) curvicornis Alexander, 1966, Amer. Ent 

Soc. Trans. 92:130. 

Holotype 8 ; Willow Creek, Humboldt County, Calif. (m). 


California ~~~OK~-HUMBOLDT CO.: Willow Creek, VI-ZD- 

59 (G. W. Byers, UK); type. 

Ormosia (0rmm.a) dicera Alexander 

(Fig. 485) 

Ormosia (Ormosia) dicera Alexander, 1966, Amer. Ent. SOC. 

Trans. 92: 130-131. 

Holotype 8; Avenue of the Giants, Coast Redwoods, 

Humboldt County, Calif. (UK). 


California recod.-HmwILDT Co.: Avenue of the Giants. 

Coast Redwoods, VI-21-59 (G. W. Byers, UK); tupes. 

Ormosia (Ormosia) heptacantha Alexander 

(Fig. 486) 

Ormosia (Omsia) heptacantha Alexander, 1948, Canad. Ent. 

80: 169-170. 


Calif. (CPA). 


California record.-HuMmLDT CO.: Prairie Creek State 

Park, VII-1946 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); type. 

Ormosia (Ormosia) hynesi Alexander 

(Figs. 21, 487; Map 103) 

Ormosia (Ormosia) hynesi Alexander, 1962, Great Basin Nat 

22:5-6. 

Holotype 8; C- Alto, San Luis Obispo County, Calif. 

(CPA). 


cdifornia mCOrds.-cONTRA COSTA Co.: Mount Diablo, 

1500 feet, 111-1564 (D. G. Denning, CPA). RIVERSIDE Co.: 

San Jacinto Mountains, Idyllwild, 5300 feet, V-1063 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO Co.: Running Springs, 

IV-26-50


Holotype $; Kings Canyon National Park, Tulare County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California record.-'I'ULARE CO. : Kings Canyon National 

Park, near General Grant Big Tree, in Rhododendron thickets, 

VIE1946 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); types. 

Ormosia (Ormosia) leptorhabda Alexander 

(Fig. 489) 

Ormosia (Ormosia) Iepforhabda Alexander, 1943, Ent News, 

54:4748. 

Holotype $ ; Crescent City, Del Norte County, Calif. (CPA). 


California record.-DEL NORTE CO.: Crescent City, VIII- 

1-40 (H. K. Townes, CPA); type. 

Ormosia (Ormosia) manicata (Doane) 

(Fig. 490: Map 103) 

Rhypholophus manicahus Thane, 1900, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 8: 

187, pl. 7, fig. 17 (Wing). 

Holotype 8; Collins, Idaho (USNM). 

Synonyms.-Ormosia modica Dietz, 1916, Amer. Ent. SOC. 

Trans. 42: 141-142, figs. 7, 7A ( $ hyp.). 

Holotype $; Sonoma County, Calif. (ANSP). 

Ormosia deviata Diete, 1916, Amer. Ent Soc. Trans. 42: 

143-144, figs. 9, 9A ( 8 hyp.). Holotype 8 ; Haleton, Pa. 

(ANSP). 

Ormosia stylifer Alexander, 1919, Insecutor Inscitiae 

Menstruus 7:146. 

Holotype 8 ; Forest Grove, Oregon (CPA). 

Ormosia fuswpyga Alexander, 1924, U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 

64 (10):3-4. 

Holotype 8; Clio, Plumas County, Calif. (USNM). 

Ormosia subdeviata Alexander, 1924, Philippine Jour. Sci. 

24: 586-587. 

Holotype 8 ; Toyohara, Saghaliem (Sakhalin ) , Japan (CPA) . 

Geographic range.-Ontario, Quebec; California, Oregon, 

Washington, eastward to the Atlantic States; Japan (Saghalien). 

California records.-FRESNO CO.: Sequoia National Forest, 

Hume Lake, 5300 feet, VI-20-63 (CPA). HIJMBOLDT Co.: 

Prairie Creek State Park, VII-24-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

MARIN CO.: Samuel P. Taylor State Park, V-8-49 (P. H. 

Amaud, CAS); as dica Dietz. PLACER Co.: Danner State 

Park, along Donner Creek, 5800 feet, VI-3047 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). PLUMAS CO.: Clio, VII-9-16 (H. G. Dyar, 

USNM); type of fuscopyga. SHASTA Co.: 8 mi. SE of Bade, 

VI-17-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). SONOMA Co.: Without exact 

locality, IV-8-V-13-14 (J. A. Kusche, ANSP); type of 

medica. Jenner, V-8-58 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). 4 mi. W of 

Plantation, V-1/8-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). TEHAMA Co.: 

Lassen Volcanic National Park, VI-15-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). 

TUOLUMNE CO.: Yosemite National Park, Tuolumne Meadows, 

8555 feet, VII-15-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Ormosia (Ormosia) nobilis Alexander 

(Fig. 491) 

Ormosia (Ormosia) nobilis Alexander, 1964, Great Basin Nat. 

24; 121-122. 

Holotype $; Berkeley, Alameda County, Calif. (CIS). 



California recOrd.-ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley, XI-18-51 (J. 

W. Hinerman, CIS); type. 

Ormosia (Ormosia) pernodosa Alexander 

(Figs. 454, 492, 493) 

Ormosia (Ormosia) pernodosa Alexander, 1950, Ent. News 

61 ~34-35. 

Holotype $; Deep Creek, Truckee River, Placer County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California record.-PLACER CO.: Deep Creek, Truck- River, 

near Lake Tahoe, 6200 feet, VI-30-47 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA); type. 

The male antenna of Ormosia (Ormmia) albertensis 

Alexander is shown (fig. 494) for comparison with 

the present species (fig. 493). 

Ormosia (Ormosia) pleuracantha Alexander 

(Fig. 495) 

Ormosia (Ormosia) pleuracantha Alexander, 1954, Amer. Midland 

Nat 51:81, fig. 68 (ven.), fig. 69 ($ hyp.). 

Holotype $ ; Peavine Ridge, McMinnville, Oregon (CPA). 

Geographic ram&.4lifornia, Oregon. 

California -~S.-HUMBOLDT CO.: Willow Creek, VI- 

20-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). SISmu Co.: Six Rivers National 

Forest (formerly Siskiyou National Forest), Madrona Forest 

Camp, VnI-1-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); type. 

Ormosia (Ormosia) profunda Alexander 

(Fig. 496) 

Ormosia (Ormosia) profunda Alexander, 1943, Ent. News 54: 

49-50. 

Holotype $ ; Crescent City, Del Norte County, CaGf. (CPA). 


CaZifornia records.-DEL NORTE CO.: Crescent City, VIII- 

1-40 (H. K. Townes, CPA); type. HUMBOLJYC CO.: Prairie 

Creek State Park, VII-30-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

SONOMA CO.: 4 mi. W of Plantation, V-1-58 (D. Burdick, 

CIS). 

Ormosis (Ormosia) taeniocera Dietz 

OrrnoSie faeniocera Dietz, 1916, h er. Ent Soc. Trans. 42: 145, 

fig. 11 (8 hyp.). 

Holotype 6 ; Sonoma County, Calif. (ANSP). 


California SON SO NO MA CO.: Without exact data, II- 

1915 (J. A. Kusche, ANSP); type. 

The identity of this species remains in question, 

and it is not included in the key. 

Ormosia (Ormosia) tahoensis Alexander 

(Fig. 497) 

Ormosia (Ormosia) fahoensis Alexander, 1950, Ent. News 61: 

32-33. 

Holotype 8; Deep Creek, Truckee River, Placer County, 

Calif. (CPA).



California reuJrd.--PLA- CO.: Deep Creek, 'I'r~ckee River, 

5950 feet, VI-30-VII-2-47 (C. P. Al-der, CPA); types. 

Ormosia (Ormosia) tiwmis Alexander 

(Fig. 498) 

Ormsia (Onnosia) triwrnis Alexander, 1948, Canad. Ent 

80: 170. 


Calif. (CPA). 


California record;-HuMBo~ Co.: Prairie Creek State 

Park, VI13146 (C P. Alexander, CPA); typa 

Subgenus Parormcmia Alexander 

Ormosia (Paronnosia) Alexander, 1965, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 

73t34-35. 

The subgenus includes about seven species in North 

America, and approximately twelve others in eastern 

Asia and the Himalayas. The species previously had 

been placed in typical Ormosia. Two members of the 

subgenus are known from California. 

Ormosia (Parormosia) divergens (Coquillett ) 

(Fig. 474) 

Rhypholophus divergens Coquillett, 1905, N. Y. Ent Soc. 

Jour. 13 : 5758. 

Holotype 8 ; London Hill Mime, Kokanee Mountain, British 

Columbia (USNM) . 

Geographic re.-British Cotumbm; Califomia, Oregon, 

Washington. 

California ~euJrdS.-hINE Co.: Woodsford, VI-29-65 (C 

D. Hynes, HC). AMADOR Co.: Without exact data, VII-3-65 

(C. D. Hynes, HC). PLACER Co.: Tahoe National Forest, near 

Cisco, VII-5-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Truckee River near 

Lake Tahoe, 6000 feet, VII-1,247 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Ormosia (Parormosia) fusiformis fusiformis (Doane) 

(Figs. 475, 476) 

Rhyphololphus fusiforrnis Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 

8:187, pl. 7, fig. 16 (wing). 

Holotype 8; Collins, Idaho (USNM). 

synonym.-Rhypholophus divera Dome, 1908, Ent News 

19:201. 

Holotype P ; Keyport, Washington (CAS). 

Geographic range.---California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, 

Oregon, Utah, Washington. 

Califom-a records.-AMADoR Co.: Foster Meadows, VII- 

19-64, No. 5.1 (C. D. Hynes, HC); as viduata. FRESNO Co.: 

Without exact data, VII-28-65 (C. D. Hynes, HC). KERN 

Co.: Greenhorn Mountains, Cedar Creek Tributary "B," V- 

14-61 (R. E. Bellamy, 5019, CPA); as viduata. MADERA 

Co.: Devils Postpile National Monument, Red's Meadows, 

7600 feet, VII-7-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); as viduata. 

SAN BERNARDINO CO.: San Bemardino Mountains, Forest 

Home, 5100 feet, V-6,24-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SHASTA 

CO.: Castle Crags State Park, 2000 feet, VII-653 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Lassen Volcanic National Park, Reflection 

Lake, 5880 feet, VII-23-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SIERRA 

CO.: 4.8 mi. SE of Sierraville, VI-14-59 (G. W. Byers, UK); 

as viduata. SISKIYOU CO.: Mount Shasta City, VI-21-58 (J. 

A. Powell, CIS). 

Ormosia (Patormosa) fusifom's viduata Alexander ( 1941, 

Canad Ent 73:212-213; Holotype 8, Cumbres Pass, 9500 

feet, Colorado). The identity of this subspecies remains in 

question as regards California records. The male hypopy$~ 

(fig. 476) is shown for comparison with typical fusiformis 

(fig. 475). 

Subgenus Rhypholophus Kolenati 

RhyphoZophus Kolenati, 1860, Wieu Ent Monakhr. 4:393, 

407. 

A relatively small Holarctic group with ten species 

in western North America, of which two are known 

from California with several others being regional. A 

detailed discussion of the immature stages of the 

European Ormosia (Rhypholophus) haemorrhoidalis 

(Zetterstedt) has been provided by Eberhard Lindner, 

1959 (&it Morph, dkol. Tiere 48~268-276, 

figs. 67-75). 

Ormosia (Rhypholophus) bifidaria Alexander 

(Figs. 451, 472) 

Ormosia bifidaria Alexander, 1919, Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 

7:143. 

Holotype 8 ; Platte Canyon, Colorado (CPA). 

Geographic range.-Alaska, California, Colorado, Idaho, 

Oregon, Utah, Washington. 

Calif0m.a records.-NEV~A CO.: Donner Pass, 7200 feet, 

VII-247 (C. P. Almder, CPA). TRINITY CO.: Ghly 

Meadows, 6500 feet, IX-9/15-64, (G. Burton and A. B. 

Gurney, CPA) . 

Ormosia (Rhypholophus) fumata (Doane) 

(Fig. 473) 

Rhypholophus fumata Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 8: 

188, pl. 7, fig. 19 (wing). 

Syntypes 38; Colliis, Idaho (USNM). 

Geographic range.4liforni4 Idaho, Oregon, Washington. 

California records.-MoDOC CO.: Plum Valley Forest Camp, 

Davis Creek, 5600 feet, VIII-12-58 (C. P. Alexandw, CPA). 

MONO CO.: Mammoth Lakea District, Coldwater Creek, 9OOO 

feet, VII-28-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). TUOLUMNE Co.: 

Yosemite National Park, Tuolumne Meadows along Tuolumne 

River, 8555 f-ty VII-28-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Genus Tasiocera Skuse 

Tasiocera Skuse, 1890, Diptera of Australia, Part VII, Linn. 

SOC. N.S. Wales, Proc. 1889, ser. 2, 4:815 (preprint dated 

Sept 25, 1889). 

Subgenus Dasymolophilus Goetghebuer 

DasynmZophiIus Goetghebuer, 1920, Soc. Ent de Belgium Bul. 

2:132, fig. (ven.). 

The typical subgenus Tasiocera, with elongate an- 

*

tennae in the male, virtually is restricted to Australia 

and New Zealand, with one species in Malaysia. The 

members of Dasymolophilus, with sh,ort antennae in 

both sexes, has representatives in the Holarctic, Ethiopian, 

and southern Neotropical regions. There are two 

species in California. The genus includes the smallest 

known crane flies. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DASYMOLOPHnUS 

1 Male hypopygium (fig. 500) with the dististyle a 

simple rod that narrows gredually outwardly, the 

inner margin of outer third with a series of about 

six or seven appressed spines; phallosome including 

a single small spiculose apophysis; apical spine of 

aedeagus straight . . . . . subnuda (Ale-&) 

Male hypopygium (fig. 499) with the dististyle unequally 

bilobed on about the outer half, without 

appressed spines; phallosome including two small 

curved apophyses; apical spine of aedeagus strongly 

recurved . . . . . . . . squiresi Alexander 

Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus) squiresi Alexander 

(Fig. 499) 

Tasiocera (DasymoZophilus) squires. Alexander, 1947, Bmklyn 

Ent. Soc. Bul. 47:134-135. 

Holotype 8; Peavine Ridge, McMinnville, Oregon (-A). 


California records.-MONTEREY CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, 

Los Padres National Forest, Salmon Creek, V458, (C. D. 

Hynes, CPA); V-2-64 (C. P. Alexander and C. D. HpM, 

CPA). SAN MATEO CO.: Portola State Park, V-7-50 (P. H. 

Amaud, CAS). 

Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus) subnuda (Alexander) 

(Figs. 455, 500) 

Dasymolophilus subnudus Alexander, 1926, Pan-Pacific Ent. 

3: 77-78. 

Holotype 8; Berkeley, Alameda County, Calif. (USNM). 


California records.-ALAMEDA CO. : Berkeley, V-7-15 (M. 

C. Van Duzee, CPA); type. MARIN Co.: Lagunitas Creek, IV- 

14-1876 (Osten Sacken, MCZ). SAN MATEO CO.: Woodside, 

IV-4-06 (R. W. Doane, CAS). 

Genus Molophilus Curtis 

Molophilus Curtis, 1833, British Entomology 10; pl. 444. 

The genus Molophilus is one of the largest in the 

Diptera, with more than 400 species presently known, 

occurring in all biotic regions including Madagascar 

and New Zealand The greatest concentration of 

species occurs in the southern hemisphere especially 

in Australasia (Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea ) 

and in southern South America. There are numerous 

species in the Holarctic and Oriental regions but relatively 

few, as known, in the Ethiopian region. All 

members of Mo1ophilus are small or of medium size 

(wing less than 9 mm, and in the great majority of 

Alexander: The Crai ?e Flies of California 147 

species less than 5 mm). The Nearctic forms are very 

difficult to classify and chief reliance is placed on 

hypopygial characters. The immature stages as known 

occur in wet organic soil, especially at stream margins. 

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SPECIES OF 

MOLOPHILUS 

1 Male hypopygium (figs. 507-510) with the tergite 

produced medially into a blackened depressedflattened 

plate . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 

Male hypopygium (figs. 501-506,511-524) without a 

blackened tergal plate . . . . . . . . . 

MOLOPHILUS Curtis in part 5 

2 Male hypopygium (figs. 508410) with the phallosomic 

plate divided into two halves that are 

narrowly connected at the midline; mesal lobe of 

basistyle with one or two slender spines; inner 

dististyle long and slender, smooth; apex of tergal 

plate smooth . . PROMOLOPHILUS Alexander 3 

Male hypopygium (fig. 507) with the phallosomic 

plate large, entire, pale, each side extended into 

a strong arm; mesal lobe of basistyle without spines; 

outer half of inner dististyle with microscopic 

points; apex of tergal plate with microscopic 

3 

4 

5 

6 

denticles . . . . . . . . MOLOPHILUS Curtis 

(Extraliitel: Oregon) 

haCXiSON. -Up 

Male hypopygium (fig. 510) with mesal lobe of basistyle 

with a single long spine; apex of tergal plate 

a deep V-shaped fork . . . . . nitidus Coquillett 

Male hypopygium (figs. 508, 509) with mesal lobe 

of basistyle with two spines; apex of tergal plate 

shallowly emarginate, U-shaped . . . . . . 4 

Fork of tergal plate (fig. 508) very shallow; spina 

of mesal lobe of basistyle elongate . . . . . 

dirhaphis Alexander 

Fork of tergal plate (fig. 509) deeper; spines of 

mesal lobe of basistyle shorter . millardi Alexander 

Ventral lobe of basistyle (figs. 501-506) terminating 

in a slender point or beak; apex of outer dististyle 

divided into two rods or blades . . . . . . 6 

plagiatus group 

Ventral lobe of basistyle (figs. 511-524) without a 

beak; both dististyles simple . . . . . . . . 11 

gracilis group; pubipennis subgroup 

plagiatus group 

Male hypopygium (fig. 501) with the basal dististyle 

a compact blackened mass that terminates in four 

unequal spines . . . . . . arizonicus Alexander 


Mate hypopygium not as above . . . . . . . 7 

7 Male hypopygium (fig. 506) with basal dististyle 

simple, at near midlength dilated and with numerous 

short points 

8 

. . . . . . . ursus Alexander 

(Extralimital: New Mexico) 

Male hypopygium not as above . . . . . . . 8 

Basal dististyle (fig. 503) a long simple gently curved 

rod that narrows into a long spine, without lateral 

pomts- . . . . . . . palotnaricus Alexander 

Basal dmtistyle (figs. 502, 504, 505) with a lateral 

spineorpoint . . . . . . . . . . 9


9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

Basal dististyle (fig. 502) a stout curved rod, at near 

midlengthwithastmngcurvedspine ..... 

fendm. Alexander 

Basal dististyle (figs. 504, 505) a longer rod, at near 

three-fourths to four-fifths the length with a small 

appressed point ............ 10 

Apical spine of basistyle (fig. 504) a broad flattened 

blade; basal dististyle a flattened nearly straight rod 

stolidus Alexander 


Apical spine of basistyle (fig. 505) slender; basal 

dististyle a slender smooth gently curved spine . . 

sequoiae Alexander 

gracilis group 

Basistyle (fig. 521) with ventral lobe large, at apex 

expanded, the lower angle extended into a strong 

spine ......... SaCAenianua Alexander 

Ventral lobe of basistyle without a spine (figs. 511- 

520,522-524) ............. 12 

Basistyle (figs. 512, 518) with mesal lobe provided 

with long silken setae, without blackened spicules 13 

Basistyle (figs. 511, 513-517, 519, 520, 522-524) 

with mesal lobe bearing several blackened points or 

spicules, additional to long setae ...... 14 

General coloration of body light yellow; male hypopygium 

(fig. 518) with both dististyles appearing 

as slender nearly straight smooth rods that are nearly 

alike in length and shape, narrowed into long 

spina; dorsal lobe of basistyle slender, the tip a 

short point ....... perAaveolus Alexander 

General coloration of body light brown; male hypcb 

pygium (fig. 512) with the dististyles dissimilar, the 

outer a small slender spine, the inner style a powerful 

slightly curved rod, its outer half on lower 

margin with a series of small spinous points; dorsal 

lobe of basistyle stout, the tip obtuse .... 

bispinasus Alexander 

Hypopygium (figs. 516, 522) with dorsal lobe of 

basistyle slender, narrowed to a subacute or subobtuse 

tip .............. 15 

Hypopygium (figs. 511, 513, 515, 517, 519, 520, 523, 

524) with dorsal lobe of basiityle stout, the tip 

obtuse ............... 16 

Dististyles (fig. 516) markedly unequal in sizq the 

outer style stouter and broader, about twice the 

size of the smaller style which ie about onehalf its 

width at midlength ..... &adipes Alexander 

Dististyles (fig. 522) more nearly equal in size, the 

outer style narrower, about one-half larger than the 

smaller style, its width scarcely greater than that of 

the inner style ...... spiculatus Alexander 

Outer dististyle (fig. 515) a long slender smooth 

sickle; inner style with spinules very reduced 

(dorsal lobe of basistyle short, very obtuse; ventral 

lobe strongly narrowed outwardly; spicules of mesal 

lobe arranged in a small compact group) ... 

falcatus Bergroth 

Outer dististyle not such a sickle, provided with few 

to more numerous spicules ........ 17 

Outer dististyle (fig. 520) a stout blackened club, 

its tip broadly obtuse, before apex with a sleslder 

erect spine ........ rostdet Alexander 

Outer dististyle (figs. 511, 513, 514, 517, 519, 523, 

18 

19 

20 

524) slender, extended outwardly into a long spine 

Basistyle (fig. 514) with mesal lobe long produced, 

its spiculose area lying far distad. ..... 

distilobatus Alexander 

Basistyle (figs. 511, 513, 517, 519, 523, 524) with 

mesal lobe not so elongate, the spiculwe area 

more basal in position .......... 19 

Wings subhyaline, faintly patterned with pale brown, 

including a weak cloud at the posterior cord and 

with the veins unusually darkened and conspicuous 20 

Wings without evident darkened pattern .... 22 

Wings with vein 2nd A short, ending before the level 

of m-cu; hypopygium (fig. 523) with the inner 

dististyle relatively narrow, with abundant spicules 

on outer half, apex obtuse, with several points . 

squarnosus Alexander 

Wings with vein 2nd A longer, ending opposite m-cu; 

hypopygium (figs. 511, 513) with the inner did- 

style as described below ......... 21 

21 Hypopygium (fig. 513) with the outer dististyle 

relatively narrow, not dilated at near midlength; 

inner style stout, with unusually abundant scabrous 

points, the apex very obtuse, with several small 

denticles; mesal lobe of basistyle with spicules 

small andnumerous ...... ~~l~n~sBergroth 

Hypopygium (fig. 511) with the outer dististyle 

arcuated and ddated at near midlength; inner style 

more slender, the points sparse and restricted to 

outer half, the apex a single powerful spine; mesal 

lobe of basistyle with spicules long, relatively sparse 

22 

23 

and crowded ....... aspersulus Alexander 

Gemeral coloration of thorax yellow; wings narrow, 

strongly yellowed, including the veins; legs with 

fore femora blackened, posterior femora yellow, 

the tipa darkened; hypopygium (fig. 519) ... 

rainierensis Alexander 

General coloration of thorax grayish brown to dark 

brown; wings broader, subhyaline to weakly darkened; 

legs with all femora darkened except at bases 

(some specimens have the apex of the dorsal lobe 

of basistyle narrower and approaching couplet 14a) 

(figs. 517, 524) ............ 23 

Hypopygium (fig. 517) with outer dististyle strongly 

bent at midlength, with several strong spicules on 

outer half; inner style small, terminating in a single 

strong spine ...... olig-thus Alexander 

Hypopygium (fig. 524) with outer dististyle nearly 

straight basally, strongly bent near the outer 

fourth, with two or three small spicules near distal 

end; inner style terminating in a group of several 

small points ...... unispiculatus Alexander 

Subgenus Promolophilus Alexander 

Molophilus (Promolophilus) Alexander, 1966, Amer. Ent. Soe. 

Trans. 92:131, 132, Sg. 8 (ven.), fig. 15 (8 hyp.). 

The recently proposed subgenus Promolophilus in- 

others in eastern Asia and the Himalayas. There are 

three species in California, including the subgenotype 

nifidus. Members of the subgenus differ conspicuously 

from the other local species of Molophilus in the 

hypopygial characters of a furcate ninth tergite and 

18


divided phallosomic plate. The immature stages are 

unknown but almost certainly occur in wet earth at 

stream margins. 

Molophilus (Promolophilus) dirhaphis Alexander 

(Fig. 508) 

MolophiJus (MoJophilus) dirhaphis Alexander, 1958, Ent News 

69:221. 

Holotype $; Castle Crags State Park, Shasta County, 

Calif. (CPA). 


California -~S.-~HASTA Co.: Castle Crags State Park, 

2000 feet, VII-7,8-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); types. 

SrsKmu Co.: Mount Shasta City, VI-18-59 (G. W. Byen, 

et al., UK). 

II I ,“ ” ,. ,,> 

--::- -“?- --T---T-- T__pr- 

I- -‘=-J 

v- 

1 1 1 

Map 104. Locality records in California for MoJophiJus 

(MoJophiJus) digacanthus Alexander (squares), M. (M.) distilobatus 

Alexander (triangles), and M. ~Pro~JophiJus) mil- 

Jardi Alexander (circles). 

Molophilus (Promolophilus) millardi Alexander 

(Figs. 456, 509; Map 104) 

Molophilus (MoJophilus) miJJdi Alexander, 1944, Canad. Ent 

76:222. 



California ~~CO~~S-ALAIUEDA Co.: Berkeley, IV-13-15 

(E. P. Van Duzee, CIS). KERN CO.: Greenhorn Mountains, 

Cedar Creek Tributary, V-l4,15dl (R E. Bellamy, 5019, 

5020, CPA). SAN BERNARDINO Co.: San Bernatdino Momtains. 

Mill Creek Camp, Thurman Flats picnic area, 3400 feet, 

V-7-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN DIEGO CO.: Alpine, 

IV-8/11-15 (M. C. Van Duzee, CPA); type. SAN LUIS 

OBIspo CO.: Cerro Alto, II-9-58 (C. D. Hynea, CPA). SAN 

XV&TEO CO.: Portola State Park, V-7-!50 (H. B. Leech, CPA). 

SANTA CLARA Co.: Alma College, V-10-51 (H. B. Leech, 

CAS). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Waddell Creek, IV-3/1030 (F. 

Bianchi, CAS). 

Molophilus (Promolophilus) nitidus Coquillett 

. (Fig. 510) 

MoJophilus nitidus Coquillett, 1905, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 

13 : 58. 

Holotype 8 ; Fieldbrook, Humboldt County, Calif. (USNM). 

Geographic ran$e.-California, Oregon, Washington. 

California rccords.-Hu~~~~~~ Co.: Fieldbrook, V-18-03 

(H. S. Barber, USNM); type. SMA Co.: Castle Crags State 

Park, 2000 feet, VII-6-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SOLANO 

CO.: Green Valley Falls Park, IV-2,27-41 (T. H. G. Aitken 

and B. Brookman, CPA). ?.uLARE Co.: Sequoia National Park, 

Dorst Camp, 6500 feet, VII-5-50 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Subgenus Molophilus Curtis 

MolophiJus Curtis, 1833, British Entomology 10; pl. 444. 

Molophilus (Molophilus) aspersulus Alexander 

(Fig. 511) 

MoJophiJus (MoJophiJus) aspersuJus Alexander, 1962, Great 


Holotype $ ; Dune Lake, San Luis Obispo County, California 

(CPA). 

Geographic ranpeiEcnown only from California. 

California reoord.-Sm LUIS OBISPO Co.: Dune Lake, IV- 

2858, V-2-58 (C. D. Hynes, CPA); types. 

Molophilus (Mol~phil~s) bispinosus Alexander 

(Fig. 512) 

Molophilus (Mofophilus) bispims Alexander, 19 19, Canad. 

Ent 51:192. 

Holotype 8; Bsrkdey, Alameda County, Calif. (CPA). 


California ~~~~~~s.-ALAMEDA Co.: Berkeley, V-25-15 (M. 

C. Van Duzee, CPA); type. SISKIYOU CO.: Mount Shasta City, 

VI-18-59 (G. W. Byers et el.. UK). 

Molophilus (Molophilus) colonus Ekrgroth 

(Fig. 513) 

MoJophiJus colonus Bergroth, 1888, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 7:195. 

Holotype $; Sitka, Alaska (location of type unknown). 

Symnyms.-Erioptera cornata Doane, 1900, N. Y. Ent SOC. 

Jour. 8:188. Type 9; Pullman, Washington, (USNM). Molophilus 

Sirius Alexander, 1915, Canad. Ent 47:82-83. Type 0, 

erroneously indicated as “Philippine Islands”; actually from 

“Fort Casey, Island Co., Washington” (USNM). 

Geographic ran&.-British Columbia; Alaska, California, 

Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. 

California record.--S~S~OU CO.: Mount Shasta City, VI- 

18-59 (G. W. Byers, UK).


Molophilus (Molophilus) distilobatus Alexander 

(Fig. 514; Map 104) 

MoIophiIus (Molophil~) distilobata Alexander, 1945, Ent 

News 56:160. 

Holotype 8; Viemto, Oregon (CPA). 

Geographic range.

California ~~~oK~s.--ALAE~EDA Co.: Berkeley, V-12-58 

(D. D. Linsdale, CIS). DEL Nom Co.: 26.5 mi. NE of 

C-t City, VI-22-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). State Line 

Brook, border California-Oregon on Highway 199, VIII-948 

(K. M. Faader, CPA); VII-27-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

FRESNO CO.: Kings Canyon National Park, S fork Kings River 

at Cedar Grove Camp, VII-2oJ7, VII-7-59 (C. P. 

Alexander, CPA). Sequoia National Forest, Hume Me, 5300 

feet, VI-20-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Hum- CO.: 

Fieldbrook, V-29-03 (H. S. Barber, USNM); type. Little 

River Beach, along ocean, VII30-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Orick, VI-20-39 (T. H. G. Aitkem, CPA). prairie Creek State 

Park, VII-30,3146, VIII-3-50 (C P. Alexander, CPA); 

WII-1048 (K. M. Fader, CPA); W-24-58 (C. P- 

Alexander, CPA). MONO Co.: Warren Creek, near LeRvinin & 

7500 feet, VII-18-50 (e. P. AI-&, CPA). MONTE~QY 

CO.: Santa hcia Mountains, Hastings Re~~rvation, Rober*ron 

Creek, VI-9/15-48, VI-9-49 (J. Linsdalq UK). Los Padm 

National Forest, Salmon CreeL, VI-28-61 (C. D. Hpm. 

CPA). PLACER Co.: Deep Creek, Truckee River, 5950 feet, 

VI-30-47 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). RrvEasIDB Co.: Cleveland 

National Forest, Santa Ana Mountains, Upper San Juan 

Campground along San Juan Creek, 1745 feet, IV-1- V- 

8-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). San Jacinta Mountains, Fuller 

Mill Creek, 6OOO feet, -29-63 (C P. Al-der, CPA). 

SAN BERNARDINO Co.: San Bernardino Mountains, Barton 

Flats, 6200 feet, VII-16-46, VIII45-58 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA); Fa-t H~ma, 5100 feet, V-9,2463 (C. P. Altnaad-, 

CPA); Mill Creek Camp, Thurman Flats picnic area, 3400 

feet, V-6/24-63, VI-30-63 (C. P. AI-der, CPA). SAN 

DIEGO Co.: Palomar Mountain, Doma Creelr, 4700 feet, VII- 

12-46 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SANTA CLARA Co.: Corte 

Madera Creek, Palo Alto, V-15-06 (R. W. Doane, CAS). 

SANTA CRUZ CO.: I.anOnd, 1500 feet, VI-245 (L. w. 

Saylor, CPA). Waddell Creek, IV-1030 (F. Bianchi, CAS). 

SHASTA CO.: Castle Crags State Park, 2100 feet, VIII-13-48, 

VII-28-50, VII-6-53 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Hatchet Pass. 

near Bumey, 4000 feet, W-947 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Honn Creek, VI1447 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). S m Co.: 

Gold Creek, VI-2445 (C. D. Hme~, HC). SnuayOU CO.: 

Bartle, VII-1047 (C. P. Al-d-, CPA). Mount Sha~ta 

City, VI-18-59 (G. W. Byem, UK). SOLANO Co.: Gates 

Canyon, IV-9-56 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). So~oba Co.: 

Glen Ellen, IV-29-50 (H. B. Leech, CAS). TUURS Co.: 

Camp Nelson, Nelson Creek, 5000 feet, VI-24-50 (L. W. 

Quate, CIS); V-29-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). TUOLUMNE 

CO.: Eureka Valley Forest Camp, middle fork of Stanislaus 

River, 6100 feet, VII-28-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Molophilus (Molophilus) rainierensis Alexander 

(Fig. 519) 

Molophilus CMolophilus) rainismnSis Alexander, 1943, Ent 

News 54: 50-51. 


Geogzaphic range.-California, Orep, Washington. 

California r e C 0 r d . C Co.: ~ ~ Mount Shasta City, VII- 

11-58 (J. A. Po~ell, CIS). 

Molophilus (Molophilus) rostrifer Alexander 

(Fig. 520) 

MOlOphilUs CMOlOpliil~S) m&ifmS. Almdm, 1943, Am=. 


Midland Nat 30:762-763, fig. 47 en.), fig. 49 (8 hyp.). 

Holotype 8 ; Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (CPA). 

Geographic range.-California, Oregon, Wyoming. 

California -Z~S.-SHASTA Co.: 8 mi. SE of Bade, VI- 

17-59 (G. W. Byers, UK). Lassen Volcanic National Park, 3 

mi. SE of Mount Lassen, VII-8-55 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS); 

Lower Kings Creek Meadows, 7300 feet, VII-25-50; Upper 

Kings Creek Meadows, 7400 feet, VII-2140 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA) . 

MoIophiIus (Molophilus) sackenianus Alexander 

(Fig. 521) 

Molophilus (Molophilus) sackenianus Alexander, 1926, Pan- 

Pacific Ent 3: 78. Holotype 8 ; San Rafael, Marin County, 

Calif. (Ma). 

Geographic range.-Califomia, Oregon, Washington. 

California recod.-M~~~~ Co.: San Rafael, 111-31-1876 

(Osten Sacken. Ma); type. 

The drawing of the male hypopygium was made 

from the dried type 

Molophilus (Molophilus) sequoiae Alexander 

(Fig. 505) 

Molophilus (Molophilw) sequoiae Alexander, 1952, Fht. News 

63 : 270-27 1. 


(CPA). 

Geogzaphic range.-Known only from California. 

California zecoZds.-I~~~ CO.: Intake Camp, middle fork of 

Bishop Creek, 8000 feet, VII-8-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

TULARE Co.: Entrance to Sequoia National Park on Highway 

198, 4OOO feet, W-18-46 (C. P. Almdm, CPA); type. 

Molophilus (Molophilus) spiculatus Alexander 

(Fig. 522) 

Molophilus (Molophilw) spiculatw Alexander, 1918, Canad. 

Ent 50: 161-162. 

Holotype 8; Platte Canyon, Colorado (CPA). 

Geogzaphic ranee;--Califomia, Colorado, Oregon, Washington. 

California -~.-SAN BERNARDINO Co.: San Ekmardino 

Mountains, Bartrm Flats, VIE1646 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

Molophilus (Molophilus) squamosus Alexander 

(Fig. 523; Map 106) 

Molophilus (MolophiIw) squamasus Alexander, 1919, Canad. 

Ent. 51:191-192. 



California -zds.-F~EsNo Co.: Kings Canyon National 

Park, Swale Camp, 6400 feet, VI-2-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). INYO Co.: Independence, N fork of Oak Creek above 

fish hatchery, 5000 feet, V-17-63; Oak Creek fish hatchery, 

3950 feet, IV-23-63, V-16-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Lone 

Pine Creek at Whitney Portal, 8300 feet, VI1-12/14-57 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). KERN Co.: Erskine Creek neQr Isabella, 

IV-29-61 (R. E. Bellamy, 5011, CPA). Sequoia National 

~ore~t, ~~ltoll 

anger statim, 3300 iw v-1- (c. P.


c 

Map 106. Locality records in California for Molophilus 

(Motophitus) s~uamosus Alexander (ckles). 

Alexander, CPA). LAKE Co.: Clear Lake, 1318 feet, V-16-49 

(H. P. Chandler, CAS). ~M~DOUNO Co.: MacKerricher State 

Park, Cleone Lake, VII-20-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). 

MONTEREY Co.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastine Reservation, 

VI-24-48, N-9-51, V-25-51 (J. Linsdale, HR, CIS, UK). 

PLACER CO.: Deep Creek, Truckee River, 5950 feet, VI-30-47 

(C. P. AlePrandar, CPA). RrvBRsmB Co.: Cleveland National 

Forest, Santa Ana Mountains, Upper San Juan Forest Camp, 

1745 feet, IV-19-63, V-8-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). SAN 

BER"o Co.: Morongo Canyon at Levine Ranch, IV-6- 

63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). San Bemardino Mountains, 

Barton Flats, 6250-7400 feet, VI1-14,15-46 (C. P. Alexander 

and J. L. Sperry, CPA); Mill Creek Camp, Thurman Flats 

picnic area, 3400 feet, V-10,11,24-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); 

Seven Oaks, along Santa Ana River, 5000 feet, V-20-63 (C. 

P. Alexander, CPA). SAN DIBGO CO.: Alpine, IV-9-15 (M. 

C. Van Dume, CPA); types. Campo Lake neer Campo, 2565 

feet, IV-1043 (C. P. Al-der, CPA). Cleveland National 

Forest, Outlet of El Capitan Lake, 7 mi. E of Lakeside, 700 

feet, IV-12-63; Glencliff Campground near Buckman Springs, 

near Cottonwood Creek, 3800 feet, IV-9-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Cuyamacha Rancho State Park, Green Valley Falls 

along Sweetwater River, 3900 feet, W-28-63 (C. P. Alexander, 

CPA). Outlet of Lake Henshaw, along San Luis Rey River, 

IV-30-63 (C. P. Alexander, CPA). Srs~cryou Co.: Mount 

Shasta Ciiy, VII3-58 (J. A. Powell, CIS). SONOMA Co.: 

4 mi. W of Plantation, V-8-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). TULARG 

CO.: Camp Nelson, Ndwn Creek, SO00 feet, V-19,2943 (C. 

P. Alezender, CPA). Sequoia National Forest, Coffee Camp 

along Tule River, 2000 feet, V-29-63 (C. P. Almdar, 

CPA). Tule River at east end of Success Lake, V-19-63 (C. 

P. AI-&, CPA). 

Molophilus (Molophitus) unispiculatus Alexander 

(Fig. 524) 

MolopiriruS (Motophitus) unispiculatrar Alexander, 1959, Ent 

News 70:53-54. 

Holotype 8; Mammoth Lakes District, Coldwater C d , 

Mono County, Calif. (CPA). 


California record&-FRESNO CO.: Deer Creek, Huntington 

Lake, VIIl-13-64 (C. D. Hynaa, CPA). MONO Co.: 


28-57 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); type.

SELECTED REFERENCES 

ALEXANDER, C. P. 

1918. A new interprettation of the Wing-venation of the 

Pediciine craneflies (Tipulidae, Diptera). Ent. News, 

29 : 201-205, plate. 

1919. The craneflies of New Yo&. Part I. Distribution and 

taxonomy of the adult flies. N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. 

Expt Sta. Mem., 25:763-993, 12 figs., 31 plates with 

354 lip. 

1920. The craneflies of New York. Part II. Biology and 

phylogeny. N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Ekpt Sta. Mem., 

38:699-1133, 87 plates with 539 figs. (Bibliography 

of immature atagas to 1920.) 

1927a. The inteqxetation of the radial field of the wing in 

the nematocerous Diptera, with special reference to 

the Tipulidae. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, Proc., 

52:42-72, 92 figs. 

19276. The Oriental Tipulidae in the collection of the Indian 

Museum. Part I. Indian Mus. Rec., 29:169-172, 

plate. 

1929. A comparison of the syatems of nomenclature that 

have been applied to the radial field of the Wing 

in the Diptera. IV Cong. Ent. Pmc., 2:700-707, 3 

plates. 

1931a. A new genus and species of Bibionid Diptera. Brooklyn 

Ent Soc. Bul., 26~7-11, 2 figs. 

19316. Deutsche Lmnologische Sunda-Expedition. The 

crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera). Ardriv fiir Hydrobiologic, 

Suppl. Bd. ix, Tmpische Binnengewasaer, 

2:135-191, 1 plate, 51 figs. (Summary of larval 

habitats in the Tipulidae, 136-148; bibliography of 

immature ~tam 1920-1930, 187-191.) 

1934. In Curran, C. H. The families and genera of North 

American Diptera, pp. 38-39, figs. 1-44. 

1942. Guide to the insects of Connecticut Part VI. First 

fascicle (part). Families Tanyderidae, Ptychopteridae, 

Trichoceridae, Anispodidae, Tipulidae. Conn. 

State Geol. and Nat Hist Survey Bul., 64:183-184, 

fig. 18; 184-187, fig. 19; 188-192, fik 20; 192-196, 

fig. 21; 196-486, figs. 22-55. 

1950. Notes on the tropical American species of Tipulidae 

(Dip-). VI. The tribe Lmoniini, genus Limnia; 

subgenera Limom'a, Neolimnobia, Disoobola, and 

Rhipidia. Rev. de Entomologia, 21:161-221, 42 figs. 

(Reference p. 171). 

1965a. Cat Dipt America north of Mexico, p. 196. 

19656. New subgenera and species of crane-flies from California 

(Diptera: Tipulidae). Pacific Insects, 7:333- 

386, 33 figs. 

1966. New subgenera and species of crane-flies from California 

(Ptychopteridae and Tipulidae: Diptera). 

Am-. Ent Soc. Trans., 92:103-132, 15 figs. 

B~za, -0 

1916, Riddone e scumparsa delle ali negli insetti ditteri. 

Rev. di Sci. Naturali, Natura, 7:8!5-182, 11 figs. 

with subfigs. 

BYERS, G. W. 

1961. The crane fly genus Dofichopeza in North America. 

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maps.

154 Bulletin of the California Insect 'Survey 

COLE, F. R. 

1927. A study of the terminal abdominal structures of 

male Diptera (two-winged flies). Calif. Acad Sci. 

k. (4), 16:397-499, 287 figs. 

COMSTQCK, J. H. 

1918. The wings of insects. (Ithaca, New York), 430 pp., 

427 figs. 

CRAMPTON. G. C 

1925. Evidences of relationship indicated by the thoracic 

sclerites of certain Eriopterine Tipuloid Diptera. 

Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 13:197-213, 2 plates. 

1941. The terminal abdominal structures of male Diptera. 

Psyche, 48:79-94, 2 plateu. 

1942. Guide to the insects of Connecticut Part VI. First 

fascicle (part). The extemal morphology of the 

Diptera. Conn. State Geol. and Nat Hist Survey 

Bul., 64:lO-165, 14 figs. with 136 subfigs. (Detailed 

bibliography on dipterous morphology, pp. 119-131.) 

FROMMER, SAUL 1. 

1963. Gross morphological studies of the reproductive 

system in representative North American crane fliee 

(Diptera: Tipulidae). Kausas Univ. sci Bul., 

44535-626, 3 text figs., plates 1-20 with 127 figs. 

GRAM, R. E. 

1966. Crane flies (Trichoceridae, Tipulidae) in California 

caves. A review of cave and karst reseerch. Cave Research 

Associates, Castro Valley, Calif. 8,no. 8:4148, 

7 figs. 

HENDEL, FR. 

1928. Die Tierwelt htschlands. 11 Teil; Zweiflugler oder 

Diptera, IL Allgemeiner Teil, 135 pp., 224 figa 

HINTON, H. E. 

1955. The structure of the spiracular gill of the genus 

Lipsothrix (Tipulidae), with some obsewations on 

the living epithelium isolated in the gill at the 

pupa-adult moult. Ray. Ent Soc., London, Proc., Ser. 

A, 30~1-14, 14 figs. 

HYN~S, C. DENNIS 

1963. Description of the immature stages of Cryptolabis 

mgnisty2a Alexander (Diptera: Tipulidae). Pan- 

Pacific Ent, 39: 255-260, 8 figa 

1965. The immature stages of the genus Lipmthrix in the 

western United States (Tipulidae: Diptera). Pan- 

Pa&& En+, 41:165-172, 14 figs. 

KNIGHT, ALLEN W. 

1963. Description of the Tanydaid larva Profanyd- rnargarifa 

Alexander fmm Colorado. Brooklyn Ent Soc. 

Bul. 58:99-102, 5 figs. 

1964. Description of the Tanyderid pupa Profanytiema 

margarita Alader frum Colorado. Ent News, 75: 

237-241, 4 bga 

KROGSTAD, B. 0. 

1959. Some aspects of the ecology of Axymyia futcata 

McAtee (Diptera: Sylvicolidae). Minn, Acad Sci. 

Proc., 27:175-177, 2 figs. 

LINSDALE, JEAN M. 

1943. Work with vertebrate animals of the Hastings 

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30:254-267, 7 figs., including map. 

1947. The Frances Sirnee Hastings Natural History Reservation, 

1937-1947, Pp. 1-23. 

1955. Check list of ferns and seed plants of Frances Simes 

Hastings Natural History Reservation. Leeflets of 

western Botany, 7:201-218. 

OSTEN SACKEN, C. R. 

1904. Record of my lifework in entomology, third part 

Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 205-242. 

PETERSON, hVAH 

1916. The heaaCapsule and mouthparts of Diptera. Illinois 

Biol. Mon. 3, no. 2:1-113, 25 plates with 606 figs. 

BRYANT E. and G. F. FERRIS 

1939. Contribution No. 16. The morphology of Tipula reeSi 

Alexander (Diptera: Tipulidae). bficroentomology 

4, part 6:143-178, fie. 72-91. 

Roce~s, J. SP- and GEORGE W. BYBRS 

1956. The ecological distribution, life history, and immature 

stages of Lipsothix sy2via (Dip-: Tipulidae). 

Mi& Univ. Mus. 2001. Occas. Papers, 572:l-14, 

7 figs. 

Rosa, JOSEPH H. 

1963. Supposed larva of Protanyderus vipio (Osten Ssckan) 

discovered in California (Diptera: Tanyderidae). 

Pan-Paci6c Ent 39:272-275, 3 figs. 

SNODGRASS, R. E. 

1903. The terminal abdominal segments of famale Tip 

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Trans., 30:179-236, 11 plates with 161 figs. 

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30 plates with 212 figs. 

STONE, ALAN. CUKns w. SABROSKY, WILLIS w. WIRTH, 

RICWARD H. FOOTE, and JACK R. C~UL~~N 

1965. A catalog of the Diptera north of Mexico. Agr. Res. 

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STOm TRACY I. and ROBERT L. USIwogR 

1963. Sierra Nevada Natural History. (Univ. cplifomia 

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maps. 

TILLYAIID, R. J. 

1919. The panorpoid complex. Part 3, the wing venation. 

Linn. Soc. New South Wales Proc., 44:633-718, 5 

plates. 

USINGER, R. L. 

1956. Aquatic insects of California, with keys to North 

American genera and California species, viii-508,501 

figs. Chapter 14 by Willis W. Wirth and Alan Stone. 

Aquatic Diptera, pp. 372-482, 64 figs. with sub- 

WaLUMs, INEZ w. 

1933. The external morphology of the primitive Tanyderid 

dip- Profoplasa fitchii 0. S., with notes on the 

other Tanyderidae. N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour., 41: 1-35, 

fig., 7 plates with 38 figs. 

WOOD, H. G. 

1952. The crane-ffies of the Southwest Cape (Diptera, 

Tipuloidea). South Afr. Mus. Annals, 39:206-215, 

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1 fig., 24 plates.

INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES 

acerba Alexander, Lirnorzik (Dicranomyia), 78 

aciculifera Alexander, Gommyia (Gonomyia), 123 

acuta Doane, Tipula (Tripliu'tipula), 62 

acutipleura Dome, Tipula (LunatipuIa), 38 

adjecta (Doane), Limnia (Heapemlimtmia), 85 

aequalis Doane, Tipula (Tripliatipula), 62 

aequiatra Alexander, Limnophila (PhyIidama), 112 

aitkeni Alexander, Hexatoma (Eriacera), 116 

aitkeniana Alexander, Tipula (Hesperotipula), 28 

alberta (Atexander), Hexatoma CEriocera), 117 

albihirta (Alexander), Hexatoma (Eriocera), 116 

albofascia Doane, Tipula (Lunatipula), 39 

albomanikafa (Alexander), L-phila (Lhzddinumphila), 110 

albovittata Doane, Tipula (Lunatipula), 49 

aldrichi Alexander, Limtmphila (Elowphila), 110 

aleator Alexander, Limnophila (Elowphila), 111 

alexandriana Garrett, Chionea, 121 

alexandriana Dietz, Tipula (Yarnatotipda), 67 

alia Doane, Tipula (Berin&tipula), 24 

aliua (Alexander), CMIotrichia (Cheilotrichia), 132 

amabilis Alexander, Limnophila (Afmlimnophila), 109 

americana (Alexander), Neodadura, 121 

angustior Alexander, Limnophila (Eloeophila), 111 

angustipennik hew, Tipula (Lunatipula), 42 

annulata Meigen, Trichacera, 13 

anteapicalis Alexander, Limonia (Dicramtnyia), 78 

antennata Coquillett, Limnophila (Prionolabis), 112 

Antacha Osten Sacken, 71 

(Anfocha) montimla Alexander, 72 

aperta (Coquillett), Pedicia (T~i~yphm), 92 

apiculata Alexander, firnophila (Eloephila), 111 

Arctoconopa Alexander, 133 

cincfipennis (Alexander), 133 

armata armata Doane, Tipula (Lunatipula), 39 

armata awanichi Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 39 

arnaudi Alexander, Ormasia (Otmmia), 143 

amaudi Alexander, Tipula (Hesperotipula), 28 

aspersa Doane, Tipula (Sinotipula), 55 

aspersulus Alexander, Molophilus (Molophilus), 149 

astigmatica Alexander, Elliptera, 74 

Afar& Osten Sacken, 118 

athabascae (Alexander), Limonia (Dicranomyia), 78 

atrasumrna W e , Tipula (Lunatipula), 40 

auricomus Alexander, Molophilus (Molophilus), 150 

austera (be), Hexatoma (Eriocera), 117 

Austrolimnaphila Alexander, 105 

(Austrolimnophils) Mia (Doane) , 105 

azrael Alexander, Hexatoma (Eriocera), 117 

Mia (Doane), Austrolimnophila (Austrolimtmphila), 105 

barberi Alexander, Limtmphila (Prionolabis), 113 

barda Alexander, Tipda (Serratipula), 53 

beatula Osten Sacken, Tipula (TrichatipuIa), 57 

beilamyana Alexander, Pediua (Pedicia), 91 

bellamyi Alexander, Tipula (Triplicitipula), 63 

bernardinensis Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 40 

bestigma (Coquillett) , Limonia (Limonia). 86 

bianchii Alexander, Pediua (Tricypbm), 93 

biarmata Doene, Tipula (Lunatipula), 39 

biavicularia Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 40 

bidentidata Alexander, Cryptolabis (Cryptolabk), 130


bidentifera Alexander, Pedicia (Tricyphona), 93 

bifalcata Doane, Tipula (Lunatipula), 40 

bifidaria Alexander, Ormosia (Rhypholophus), 146 

bigladia Alexander, Ormosia (Ormosia), 143 

bihamata Alexander, Gonomyia (Gonomyia), 124 

bipartita Osten Sacken, Erioptera (Hoplolabis), 136 

biproducta Alexander, Tipula (Eremotipda), 25 

bisetosa Doane, Tipula (Lunatipula), 41 

bisinuatis bane, Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis), 130 

bispim'gera Alexander, Erioptera (Psilownopa). 138 

bispinosus Alexander, Molophilus (Molophilus), 149 

bisulca Alexander, Erioptera (Psilownopa), 138 

Bittawmorpha Westwood, 9 

occidentalis Aldrich, 9 

Bittacomorphella Alexander, 10 

pacifica Alexander, 10 

sackenii (von Riider), 10 

bituberculata Doane, Tipda (Trichotipula), 58 

biunca Doane, Tipula (Lunatipula), 41 

boregoensis Alexander, Tipda (Lunatipula), 41 

brachyphallus Alexander, Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis), 130 

brachyrhabda Alexander, OrmOsia (Ormosia), 143 

brevifilosa Alexander, Limnophila (Phylidorea), 112 

brevipila (Alexander), Hexatoma (Eriocera), 117 

brevirostris Alexander, Omithodea, 90 

brevivena (Osten Sacken), Limonia (Dicranomyia), 78 

buenoi Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 42 

burdicki Alexander, Linmophila (Phylidorea), 112 

burneyana Alexander, Ormosia (Ormosia), 144 

burneyensis Alexander, OrmOsia (Ormosia), 144 

burra (Alexander), Gonempeda, 132 

byersi Alexander, Ptychoptera, 10 

cahuilla Alexander, Tipula (Trichotipula), 58 

calaveras Alexander, Tipula (Sinotipula), 55 

calcarata Doane, Tipula (Lunatipula), 41 

difomka Alexander, Gonomyia (Zdiocera), 126 

difornica (0s- Sacken), Hexatoma (Eri'a), 117 

californica (Osten Sacken), Limonia (Metalimnobia), 88 

difornica (Dome), Tipula (Hesperotipula), 29 

califormka Doane, Tipula (Triplicitipula), 63 

diforniensis Alexander, Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga), 131 

diptera Say, Erioptera (Mesocyphona), 136 

ana (Walker), Erioptera (Syrnplacta), 139 

canadensis (Westwood), Limonia (Geranomyia), 84 

capistrano Alexander, Tipula (Trichotipula), 58 

carunculata Alexander, Tipula (Erernotipula), 26 

catalinae Alexander, Limonia (Dicranomyia), 82 

cavagnaroi Alexander, Tipula (Pterel&sus), 50 

cazieri Alexander, Tipula (Trichotipula), 58 

cazieriana Alexander, Dinanota (Rhaphidolabis), 98 

cervina (Doane), Limonia (Dicranomyia), 80 

Cheilotrichia Rossi, 132 

(Cheilofrichia) aliua (Alexander), 132 

Chionea Dalman, 120 

alexandriana Garrett, 121 

chlorion Alexander, Tipula (Hesperotipula), 29 

chumash Alexander, Tipula (Hesperotipula), 29 

cinctipennis (Alexander), Archnopa, 133 

cinerea (Doane), Gonomyia (NeolipopNeps), 128 

cinereidor Alexander, Pedicia (Tricyphona), 93 

cinereipennis (Lundstriim), Limonia (Dicranomyia), 80 

circularis Alexander, Tipula (Hesperotipula), 30 

cladacantha Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 41 

cladacanthodes Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 41 

claggi Alexander, Limnophila (Arctolimnophita), 109 

clausa Osten Sacken, Elliptera, 75 

clavigera Osten Sacken, Phyllolabis, 102 

cognate Doane, Tipula (Yamatotipula), 67 

colei Alexander, Gonomyia (Gonomyia), 124 

colei Alexander, Trichocera, 13 

coleomyia Alexander, Tipula (Sinotipula), 55 

colonus Bergroth, Molophilus (Molophilus), 149 

coloradensis Doane, Tipula (Beringotipula), 23 

coloradica Alexander, Gonomyia (Zdiocera), 126 

columbiana AI-der, Trichocera, 14 

axnmunis (Osten Sacken), Limonia (Geranomyia), 84 

comstocki (Alexander). Idiognophomw*a, 122 

comstockiana Alexander, Tipula (Beringotipula), 23 

constans (Doane), Pedicia (Tticyphona), 93 

contortrix Alexauder, Tipula (Hesperotipula), 30 

cornuta (bane), Ormoaia (Om*a), 144 

Cramptonomyia Alexander, 14 

spenceri Alexander, 14 

uesaoni Alexander, Limnophila (Prionolabis), 113 

nickmeri (Al-der), Gonomyodes, 133 

Crgptolabis Osten Sacken, 129 

(Crgptolabis) Osten Sacken, 129 

bidenticdata Alexander, 130 

bisinuatis -e, 130 

brachyphallus Alexander, 130 

magnistyla Alexander, 130 

mixta Alexander, 130 

refmrsa Alexander, 130 

Ctenophora Meigen, 17 

(Phomtenia) vittata angustipennis Loew, 17 

un-viwmis Alexander, Ormosia (OrmoSia), 144 

cylindrata -ne, Tipula (Serratipula), 53 

Dactylolabis &ten Sacken, 104 

(Eudactylolabis) Alexander, 104 

damula (Osten Sacken), 105 

(Dactylolabis) Osten Sacken, 105 

hispida Alexander, 105 

imifata Alexander, 105 

know~toni Alexander, 105 

m*tidithorar (Alexander), 105 

pm'loba Alexander, 105 

damula (Osten Sacken), Dactylolabis (Eudactylolabis), 105 

dayana Alexander, Hexatoma (Eriocera), 117 

debilis (Williston), Pedicia (Tricyphna), 93 

defuncta concinna (Williston), Limoda (Dicranomyia), 79 

degenerata (Alexander), Pedicia (Tricyphona), 93 

degeneri Alexander, Tipda (Lunatipula), 41 

denningi brevicula Alexander, Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis), 98 

denningi denningi Alexauder, Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis), 98 

dennin& evanescens Alexander, Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis). 99 

deprivata Alexander, Paradelphornyia (Oxyrhixa), 101 

derbyi Doane, Tipula (Hesperotipula), 30 

desertorurn Alexander, Tipula (Trichotipula), 59 

deviata Dietz, Ormosia (Ormosia), 145 

diabolica Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 41 

diacanthophora Alexander, Tipda (Lunatipula), 42 

Diazosma Bergroth, 13 

subsinuatutn (Alexander), 13 

dicera Alexander, Om's (OmroSia), 144 

Dicranoptycha Osten Sacken, 72 

Iaevis Alexander, 73 

Iinsdalei Alexander, 73 

melampygia Alexander, 73


m'dentalis Alexander, 73 

spinosiasima Alexander, 74 

stenophallus Alexander, 74 

Dicranota Zetterstedt, 96 

(Plectromyia) Osten Sacken, 97 

kulshanensis Alexander, 97 

lassenensis Alexander, 97 

mksaekiae Alexander, 97 

reducta reducta (Alexander), 97 

reducta tehamicaa Alexander, 98 

(Polyangaeus) Doane, 98 

d a t a (me), 98 

(Rhaphidolabis) Osten Sacken, 98 

capieriana Alexander, 98 

denningi denningi Alexander, 98 

denningi brevicula Alexander, 98 

denningi evanpscB1Is1 Alexander, 99 

integriloba Alexander, 99 

neomexicana (Alexander), 99 

nuptialis Alexander, 99 

polymeroides (Alexander), 99 

querula Alexander, 99 

sanctaeluciae Alexander, 99 

subsessilis (Alexander), 100 

tehama Alexander, 100 

trichopyga Alexander, 100 

vandweei Alexander, 100 

dido Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 42 

dilafata Alexander, Erioptsra (Enoptera), 136 

dirhaphis Alexander, Molophilus (Pnnnolophilus~, 149 

disphana (Doane), Pedicia (Tricyphona), 93 

distans (0s- Sacked, Limonia (Dicxanomyia), 80 

distincta Alexander, Erioptera (Mesocyphona), 136 

divergens (Coquillett), OrmWia (ParormoSia), 146 

diversa (Osten Sacken), Limonia (Guranomyia), 84 

divexa (Doane), OnnOsia (Ormosia), 146 

doaneana Alexander, Gonomyodes (Gonomyopsis), 133 

doaneiana Alexander, Tipula (Triplicitipula), 63 

dolichophallus (Alexander), Hespemconopa~ 129 

donaldi Alexander, Tipula (Beringotipula), 23 

dorothea Alexander, Tipula (Benbgotipula), 23 

dorsimacula dorsimacula Walker, Tipula (Lmnatipula), 42 

dorsimacula shasta Alexander, Tipula (Ltmatipula), 42 

dorwlineata h e , Tipula (Trichotipula), 59 

downew. Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipulaj, 42 

dulcis Osten Sacken, Erioptera (M~SOCYP~OM), 137 

duplicata (Doane), Limonia (Rhipidia), 88 

dyari Alexander, Enoptera (Enoptera), 135 

edentate Alexander, Limphila (Elomphila), 111 

edmundsi Alexander, Tipula (Yamatotipula), 67 

eiseni Alexander, Enoptera (Mesocyphona), 138 

elegans (Doane), Limonia (Dimbola), 84 

EIephantomyia Osten Sacken, 118 

Elliptera Schiner, 74 

astigmatica Alexander, 74 

clausa Osten Sacken, 75 

usingeri Alexander, 75 

empedoides (Alexander), Empedomorpha, 133 

Empedomorpha Alexander, 133 

empedoides (Alexander), 133 

encausta Osten Sacken, Phyllolabis, 103 

Erioptera Meigen, 134 

(Erioptera) Meigen, 135 

dyari Alexander, 135 

oi-egonensis Alexander, 135 

septemtrionis Osten Sacken, 135 

viltosa &ten Sacken, 136 

(Hoplolabis) Osten Sacken, 136 

bipartita Osten Sacken, 136 

(Mesocyphona) &ten Sacken, 136 

diptera Say, 136 

distincta Alexander, 136 

dulcis &ten Sacken, 137 

eiseni Alexander, 138 

knabi Aleaander, 138 

melanderiana Alexander, 138 

(Psilocanopa) Zetterstedt, 138 

bispinigeta Alexander, 138 

bidea Alexander, 138 

tatimps Alexander, 139 

margarita monoensis Alexander, 139 

rainieria Alexander, 139 

sparsa Alexander, 139 

(Symplecta) Meigen, 139 

cam (Walker), 139 

(Trimkra) Osten Sacken, 141 

pilipes (Fabricius), 141 

esselen Alexander, Tipula (Setitipula). 54 

evidens Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 44 

exoloma (he), Pedicia (Tricyphone), 93 

falcatus Bergroth, Molophilus (Molophilus), 150 

fallax hew, Tipula (Berin&tipula), 23 

fascigera Alexander, Rhabdomastix (Sdaga), 131 

fenderi Alexander, Molophilus (Molophilus), 150 

fenestralis (Sropoli), Syhrioola, 14 

Hamentosa Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 42 

UavapiIa h e , Limnophila (Phylidorea), 112 

Uavibasis Alexander, Gonomyia (Gonomyie), 124 

Uavida Alexander, Phyllolabis, 103 

flavavoutuda b e , Tipula (Lunatipula), 42 

Aavomarginata b e , Tipula (Lunatipula), 43 

fragxnentata Dietz, Tipula (Heziperotipula), 30 

freeborn' Alexander, fimnophila (Pdonolabis), 113 

f ulva (Doane), Limonia (Dieranomyia), 80 

fulva Alexander, Lipaothrix, 128 

f ulvicolor Alexander, Pedicia (Tricyphona), 93 

fulvilineata Doane, Tipula (Yamatotipula), 68 

fumata (Doane), Ormosia (Rhypholophus), 146 

furidis Alexander, Tipula (Trichotipula), 59 

fuscopyga Alexander, Ormosia (Ormosia), 145 

fusiformis ( me), 0-a (Parornmsia), 146 

garretti Alexander, Ttichocera, 14 

gertschi Alexander, Tipula (Trichatipula), 59 

Gnophomyia Osten Sacken, 121 

(Gnophomyia) toschiae Alexander, 121 

Gonempeda Alexander, 132 

burra (Alexander), 132 

Gonomyodes Alexander, 133 

(Gonomyodes) crickmeri (Alexander), 133 

(Gonornyopsis) doaneana Alexander, 133 

Gonomyia Meigen, 122 

(Euptilostena) Alexander, 123 

polingi Alexander, 123 

(Gonomyia), 123 

aciculifera Alexander, 123 

bihamata Alexander, 124 

colei Alexander, 124 

Aavibasis Alexander, 124


harmstoni Alexander, 125 

paiuta Alexander, 125 

percomplexa Alexander, 125 

poliocephala Alexander, 125 

spinifera Alexander, 126 

virgate Doane, 126 

(Zdiocera) Dalq 126 

califomica Alexander, 126 

wloradica Alexander, 126 

pthicfina Alexander, 127 

hetdada Alexander, 127 

Ieechi Alexander, 127 

lindseyi Alexander, 127 

proserpina Alexander, 127 

shannoni Alexander, 127 

(Neolipophleps) Alexander, 128 

cinerea (Doane), 128 

(Progonomyia) Alexander, 128 

hesperia Alexander, 128 

gothicana Alexander, Gonomyia (ldiocera), 127 

gothicana Alexander, Tipula (Sinotipda), 55 

graciae Alexander, Tipula (Savtshertkia), 51 

gracilipes Alexander, Molophilus (Molophillus), 150 

grahhamina Alexander, Tipula (Lrmatipula), 43 

graminivora Alexander, Tipula (Serratipula), 53 

grandis (Bergmth), Holocusia, 16 

graphica h e , Tipula (Yamatotipula), 68 

guatemalensis (Alexander), fimonia (Geranomyia), 85 

halterata (Osten Sacken), Limonia (Dicranomyia), 80 

harmstoni Alexander, Gonomyia (Gonomyia), 125 

hastingsae Alexander, Tipula (Lzmatipula), 43 

helferi Alexander, Tipula (Ercrmotipula), 26 

hepatica Alexander, finmophila (Prionolabis), 113 

heptacantha Alexander, Ormosia (Omsia), 144 

hesperia Alexander, Gonomyia (Pmgommyia), 128 

Hespermnopa Alexander, 129 

dolichophallus (Alexander), 129 

melanderi (Alexander), 129 

heteroclada Alexander, Conomyia (Idiocere), 127 

Heratoma Latreiile, 115 

(Eriocera) Macquart, 115 

aifkeni Alexander, 116 

dbihirta (Alexander), 116 

austera (Doane), 117 

errael Alexander, 117 

brevipila (Alexander), 117 

califomica (Osten Sacken), 117 

dayana Alexander, 117 

mariposa Alexander, 118 

pacifica Alexander, 118 

palomarensis Alexander, 118 

saturata Alexander, 118 

sculIeni Alexander, 118 

hirtiloba Alexander, Phyllolabis, 103 

hispida Alexander, Dactylolabis (Dactyldabis), 105 

Holorusia hew, 15 

rztbiginosa hew, 16 

homichlophila Alexander, Limonia (Dicranomyia), 80 

humidicola (Osten Sacken ), Limonia (Dicranomyia), 81 

hurdi Alexander, Phyllolabis, 103 

hyaloptera Alexander, Trichocera, 14 

hynesi Alexander, Ormosia (Onnosia), 144 

hynesi Alexander, Rhabdomastix, 132 

hynesi Alexander, Thaumastoptera, 88 

hynesiana Alexander, Lipsothrix, 128 

hynesiana Alexander, Pedicia (Tricyphna), 93 

ibis (Alexander), LimOnia (Gerammyia), 85 

icasta Alexander, Gonomyia (Idiocera), 127 

idei Al-der, Tipula (schummelia), 52 

Zdiognophomyia Alexander, 121 

comstocki (Alexander), 122 

idiotrich Alexander, Tipula (Triplicitipula), 63 

illusttie Doen% Tipula (Angarotipula), 21 

imitata Alexander, Dactylolabis (Dactylolabis), 105 

immemor (&ten Sacked, Limonia (Diuanomyia), 82 

indistincta Doane, Limnophila (Priomlabis), 113 

infuscata (Dome), Limonia (Hespemlimonia), 85 

inte&il& Alezander, Dicratmta (Rhaphidoabis), 99 

inusitata Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 44 

inyoensis Alexander, Tipula (BeringOtipula), 24 

jacintoensis Alexander, Tipula (Yamatotipula), 68 

jenseni Al-der, Tipula (Pterelecliisus), 50 

kennedyana Alexander, Tipula (Trichotipda), 59 

kernensis Alexander, Limonia (Diaamtnyia), 82 

kirkwoodiana Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 44 

knabi Alexander, Erioptera (Mesocyphona), 138 

knowltoni Alexander, Dactyldabis (Dactylolabis), 105 

kulshanensis Alexander, Dicranota (Plectromyia), 97 

lacteipes Al-der, Tipula (Tipulodinodes), 56 

Zaevis Alexander, Dicranoptycha, 73 

Iemelfeta Doane, Tipula (Lunatipula), 44 

lanei Alexander, Tipula (Yematotipula), 69 

laapenensis Alexander, Diuamta (Plectromyia), 97 

lassenensis Alexandec, Tipula (Lunatipula), 44 

1atieep.q Alexander, Erioptera (Psilownopa), 139 

latifolia Alexander, Phyllalabis, 103 

lecontei Alexander, Limonia (Rhipidia), 88 

leechi Alexander, Gonomyia (Idiocera), 127 

leechi Alexander, Tipula (Labiotipula), 32 

legata Atexander, Om-a (0mcaPa.l. 144 

leiocantha Alexander, Tipula (Eremtipda), 26 

lenis Osten Sacken, Ptychoptera, 10 

leptorhabda Alexander, OrmOsia (OnnoSia), 145 

libertoides (Alexander), Limonia (Dicranomyia), 82 

Limtmphila Macquart, 106 

(Afrolimnophila) Alexander, 109 

amabilis Alexander, 109 

(Arctolimnophila) Alexander, 109 

claggi Alexander, 109 

(Brachylimnophila) Alexander, 109 

m-dens Alexander, 109 

(Dendmlimnophila) Alexander, 110 

albomaniceta (Alexander), 110 

(Elmphila) Rondani, 110 

ddrichi Alexander, 110 

efeator Alexander, 111 

angustior Alexander, 111 

apidata Alexander, 111 

edentata Alexander, 111 

znodoc Alexander, 111 

nupta Alexander, 111 

(Hesperolimnophila) Alexander, 111 

nycteris Alexander, 111 

hide Alexander, 111 

(Phylidorea) Bigot, 112 

aequiatra Alexander, 112 

brevifilosa Alexander, 112 

burdicki Alexander, 112


t Aavapila Doane, 112 

1 (Prionolabis) Osten Sacken, 112 

antennata Coquillett, 112 

barbed Alexander, 113 

cressorti Alexander, 113 

freeborn' Alexander, 113 

hepatica Alexander, 113 

indistincta Doane, 113 

sequoiarum Alexander, 113 

vancowerensis Alexander, 114 

Limonia Meigen, 75 

(Dicranomyia) Stephens. 78 

aerba Alexander, 78 

anteapicalis Alexander, 78 

athabascae (Alexander), 78 

brevivena (Osten Sacken), 78 

defuncta cowhna (Williston), 79 

disfans (Ostsn Sacken), 80 

fulva (Dome), 80 

hlterata (Osten Sacken), 80 

homichlophila Alexander, 80 

humidicole (0s- saekeo), 81 

kernensis Alexander, 82 

libertoides (Alexander) , 82 

Iinsdlei Alexander, 82 

longipem% (Schummel) , 82 

melanderi tharpiana Ale-xander, 82 

simulans (Walker), 82 

stigmata (Dome), 82 

venuata (Bergroth), 83 

vulgata (Bergroth), 83 

ypsilon Alexander, 83 

(Discobola) Os- Sacken, 84 

neoelegans Alexander, 84 

(Geranomyia) Haliday, 04 

canadensis (WeBtwOod), 84 

diversa (Osten Sacken), 84 

guatemalensis (Alexander), 85 

ibis (Alexander), 85 

(Hesperolimonia) Alexander, 85 

infuscata (Dome), 85 

(Idioglochina) Alexander, 85 

marmorata (Osten Sacken), 85 

(Limonia) Meigen, 86 

bestigma (Ccquillett), 86 

maarlicosta (Ccquillett), 87 

nubedona Sciophila (0s- Sacken) 87 

(Metalimmbia) Matsumura, 00 

califomica (Ostein Sacken), 88 

(Rhipidia) Meigen, 88 

duplicata (Dome), 88 

linsdalei Alexander, Dicranoptydra, 73 

linsdalei Alexander, Limonia (Dicranornyia), 82 

lidalei Alexander, Tipula (Heaperotipula), 30 

lindseyi Alexander, Gonomyia (Idiocara), 127 

Lipsothrix Loew, 128 

fulva Alexander, 128 

hynesiana Alexander, 128 

shasta Alexander, 128 

longipennis (Schummel), Limonia (Dicranomyia), 82 

lucida Dome, Tipula (Lunatipula), 44 

Iuteipennis (Osten Sacken) , Pwudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila), 

106 

Iygropis Alexander, Tipula (Triplicitipula), 63 

macnabi Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 44 

macracantha Alexander, Tipula (Eremotipula), 26 

macrophallus actaeon Alexander, Pedicia (Tricyphona), 94 

macrophallus (Dietz), Tipula (Trichotipula), 59 

macawaini Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 44 

maculate Dome, Dicranota (Polyangaeus) 98 

-lata (Meigen) , Limonia (Rhipidia), 88 

maculiooeta (Ccquillett), Limonia (Limonia), 87 

madera Loew, Tipula (Beringotipula), 24 

rnenifolia Alexander, Tipula (Schummelia), 51 

magnistyla Alexander, Ctyptolabis (Cryptolabis), 130 

manicata (Dome), Orrnosia (Ormosia), 145 

margarita monoensis Alexander, Erioptera (Psiloconopa), 139 

marina Doanq Tipula (Serratipula), 53 

mariposa Alexander. Hexatorna (Eriocera), 118 

mariposa Alexander, Tipula (Lumtipula), 44 

rnarmorata (Osten Sacken)', Limonia (Idioglochina), 85 

martini Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 44 

mayedai Alexander, Tipula (Trichotipula), 60 

megacantha Alexander, Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga), 132 

megalabiata megalabiata Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 45 

megalabiata referta Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 45 

megalodonta Alexander, Tipula (Trichotipula), 60 

mgatergata Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 46 

melampygia Alexander, Dicranoptychs, 73 

melanderi (Alexander), Hesperoconopa, 129 

melanderi tharpiana Alexander, Limoxua (Dicranomyia), 82 

melanderiana Alexander, Erioptera (Memcyphona), 138 

melanderiana Alexander, Tipula (Eremotipula), 26 

mercedensis Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 45 

meridiana meridiana Doane, Tipula (Yamatotipula), 69 

meridiana continentalis Alexander, Tipula (Yamatotipula), 69 

meridionah Alexander. Phyllolabis, 103 

mesotergata Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 45 

michenen' Alexander, Tipula (Hespemtipula), 31 

microcera Alexander, Pilaria, 114 

middlekauffi Alexander, Tipula (Eremotipula), 26 

millardi Alexander, Molophilus (Pmmolophilus), 149 

millardi Alexander, Tipula (Hesperotipula), 31 

minor Alexander, Ptychoptera, 11 

miwok Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 45 

mkta Alexander, Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis), 130 

modica Die, Ormosia (Ormoma), 145 

modoc Alexander, Limnophila (Elaeophila), 11 1 

d o c Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 45 

Molophilus Curtis, 147 

(Molophilus) Curtis, 149 

aspedua Alexander, 149 

bispinosus Alexander, 149 

colonus Bergroth, 149 

distilobatus Alexander, 150 

falcatus Bergroth, 150 

fenderi Alexander, 150 

#adipes Alexander, 150 

oligauinthus Alexander, 150 

palomaricus Alexander, 150 

perffweolus Alexander, 150 

rainierensis Alexander, 151 

mtrifer Alexander, 151 

sackertianus Alexander, 15 1 

Sequoiee Alexander, 151 

spiculatus Alexander, 151 

equamosus Alexander, 151 

unispiculatus Alexander, 152

160 Bulletin of the Cdifornia Insect Survey 

(Promolophilus) Alexander, 148 

dirhaphis Alexander, 149 

millardi Alexander, 149 

nitidus Coquillett, 149 

mono Alexander, Tipula (Ptedachisus), 50 

monoana Alexander, Tipula (Benngotipula), 24 

monoensis Alexander, Ptychoptera, 11 

monticola Alexander, Antocha (Ant&), 72 

monticola Alexander, Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga), 132 

mutica Dietz, Tipula (Hesperotipula), 31 

myriosticta Alexander, Phyllolabia, 103 

Neodadura Alexander, 121 

americana (Alexander), 121 

neoelegans Alexander, Limonia (Discobola), 84 

neolurida Raviventris Alexander, Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga), 132 

neomexicana (Alexander), Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis), 99 

Nephrotoma Meigen, 18 

wulpiana (Bergmth), 19 

newcomeri Doane, Tipula (Beringotipula), 24 

nigrodida Alexander, Ulomorpha, 115 

nitidithorax (Alexander), Dactylolabis (Dactylolabis), 105 

nitidiuscula Alexander, Limonia (HespedimoNk), 85 

nitidus Coquillett, MoIophiIus (Prodophilus), 149 

nobilis Alexander, 0m.a (0m.a). 145 

nooksackiae Alexander, Dicranota (Plectmmyia), 97 

nubeculosa sciophila (Osten Sacken), Limonia (Limonia), 87 

nupta Alexander, Limnophila (Eloeophila), 11 1 

nuptialis Alexander, Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis), 99 

nycteris Alexander, Limphila (Hespedinuwphila), 11 1 

obispoensis Alexander, Tipula (Hesprotipula), 30 

obscura (Williston ) , Hexatoma (Eriocera), 117 

obtusa Osten Sacken, Pedicia (Pedicia), 92 

midens Alexander, Lirnnophila (Brachylimnophila). 109 

midentalis Aldrich, Bittacomorpha, 9 

occidentalis Alexander, Dicranoptycha, 73 

occidentalis (Doane), Nephrotorna, 19 

occidentalis Doane, Tipula (Triplicitipula), 64 

ochracea ( Doane) , Limonia (Dicranomyia), 83 

oligacanthus Alexander, Molophilus (Molophilus), 150 

opisthocera Dietz, Tipula (Hesperotipda), 3 1 

optiva Alexander, Tipula (Odonatisca), 49 

oregonensis Alexander, Erioptera (Erioptera), 135 

oregonica Alexander, Prionocera, 17 

0rrnw.a Rondani, 142 

(Oreophila) Lackschewitz, 143 

sequoiarum Alexander, 143 

(0m.a) Rondani, 143 

arnaudi Alexander, 143 

bigladia Alexander, 143 

brachyrhabda Alexander, 143 

burneyana Alexander, 144 

burneyensis Alexander, 144 

cornuta (Doane), 144 

curvicornis Alexander, 144 

dicera Alexander, 144 

heptacantha Alexander, 144 

hynesi Alexander, 144 

fegata Alexander, 144 

leptorhabda Alexander, 145 

manicata (Doane), 145 

nobilis Alexander, 145 

pernodosa Alexander, 145 

pleuracantha Alexander, 145 

profunda Alexander, 145 

taeniocera Dietz, 145 

tahoensis Alexander, 145 

triwrnis Alexander, 146 

(Parortnosia) Alexander, 146 

divergens (Coquillett), 146 

fusifom's (Doane), 146 

(Rhypholophus) Kolenati, 146 

bifidaria Alexander, 146 

fumata (Doane), 146 

Ornithodes Coquillett, 89 

breviroatris Alexander, 90 

ovalis Alexander, Tipula (Hesperotipula), 31 

pacitiCa Alexander, Bittacomorphella, 10 

pacifica Alexander, Hexatorna (Eriocera), 118 

pacifica (Alexander), Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza), 101 

pacifica Doane, Tipula (Sinotipula), 55 

paiuta Alexander, Gonornyia (Gormmyia), 125 

pallens Alexander, Trichocere, 14 

palmarum Alexander, Tipda (Lunatipula), 45 

palomarensis Alexander, Hexatoma (Eriocera), 118 

palomaricUs Alexander, Molophilus (Molophilus), 150 

Paracladura Brunetti, 13 

trichoptera (Osten Sacken), 13 

Paradelphomyia Alexander, 101 

(Oxyrhisa) de Meijere, 101 

deprivata Alexander, 101 

pacifica (Alexander), 101 

sierrensis Alexander, 101 . 

particeps (Doane), Limonia (Dicranomyia), 83 

pama (Doane), Hexatoma (Eriocera), 117 

parvicellula Alexander, Pedicia (Pedicia), 92 

parviloba Alexander, Dactylolabis (Dactylolabis), 105 

paupera Osten Sacken, Ula, 89 

Pedicia Latreille, 90 

(Pedicia) Latreille, 91 

bellamyam Alexander, 91 

obtusa Osten Sacken, 92 

parvicetlula Alexander, 92 

subobtusa Alexander, 92 

(Tricyphona) Zetterstedt, 92 

aperta (Coquillett), 92 

bianchii Alexander, 93 

bidentifera Alexander, 93 

cinereicolor Alaander, 93 

wnstans (Doane), 93 

debilis (Williston), 93 

degenerata (Alexander), 93 

disphana (Doane), 93 

exoloma (Doane), 93 

fulviwlor Alexander, 93 

hynesiana Alexander, 93 

macmphalfue actaeon Alexander, 94 

protea (Alexander), 94 

septentrionalis (moth), 94 

shastensis Alexander, 94 

simplicistyla Alexander, 94 

subaptera (Alexander), 95 

townesiana Alexander, 95 

truncata Alexander, 95 

unigera Alexander, 95 

pellucida Doane, Tipula (Eremotipula), 26 

pemeiica Alexander, Limonia (Dicranomyia), 82 

percomplexa Alexander, Gonomyia (Chnomyia), 125 

perfidiosa Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 46


perAaveolus Alexander, Molophilus (Molophilu~~, 150 

pemodosa Alexander, Om's (OrrnOsia), 145 

Phyllolabis Os&1 Sacken, 101 

clavigera Osten Sacken, 102 

encausta Osten Sacken, 103 

flavida Alexander, 103 

hirtiloba Alexander, 103 

hurdi Alexander, 103 

latifolia Alexander, 103 

meridionalis Alexander, 103 

rnyriosticta Alexander, 103 

sequoiensis Alexander, 104 

Pilaria Sintenis, 114 

miuoosra Alexander, 114 

pilipes (Fabricius), Erioptera (Trimbra), 141 

planiwrrus h e , Tipula (Triplicitipula), 64 

pleuracantha Alexander, Ormosia (Om's), 145 

plutonis Alexander, Tipula (Arctotipula), 21 

polingi AIexander, Gonomyia (Euptilostena), 123 

polioeephala Alexander, Go.nomyia (Gonomyia), 125 

polymeroidea (Alexander), Dieranota (Rhaphidolabis), 99 

powersi Alexander, Tipula (Ltznatipula), 46 

praecisa Loew, Tipula (Triplicitipula), 65 

Prionocera Loew, 17 

oregoniea Alexander, 17 

profunda Alexander, Ormaeia (Onnosia), 145 

prosperpina Alexander, Gonomyia (I&ocera), 127 

Protanyderus Hendlirsch, 8 

vandugeei (Alexander), 8 

vipio (Osten Sacken), 8 

protea (Alexander), Pedicia (Trhyphona), 94 

Pseudolimnophila Alexander, 106 

(Pseudolimnophila) Alexander, 106 

luteipennis (Osten Sacken) 106 

pseudotrutnw- Alexander, Tipula (Pterelachisus), 50 

pubera Loew, Tipula (Triplicitipda), 65 

Ptychoptera Meigen, 10 

byersi Alexander, 10 

lenis Osten Sacken, 10 

minor Alexander, 11 

monoensis Alexander, 11 

sculleni Alexander, 11 

townesi Alexander, 12 

quaylii Doane, Tipula (Tripliutipula>, 66 

querula Alexander, Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis), 99 

quinquecellula Alexander, Ulomorpha, 115 

rainierensis Alexander, ~o~ophi~us (MoIophiIus), 151 

rainieria Alexander, Erioptera (Psilocornpa), 139 

rangiferina Alexander, Tipula (Lmatipda), 44 

raysmithi Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 46 

recondita (Osten Sacken), Pilaria, 114 

reducta reducta (Alexander), Dicranota (Plectromyia), 97 

reducta teWwla Alexander, Dicranota (Plectromyia), 98 

reesi Alexander, Tipula (Triplicitipula), 62 

repulsa Alexander, Tipula (Trichotipula), 60 

retrorsa Alexander, Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis), 130 

Rhabdomastir Skuse, 130 

(Sacandaga) Alexander, 130 

califomiensis Alexander, 131 

fascigera Alexander, 131 

hynesi Alexander 132 

megacantha Alexander, 132 

monticola Alexander, 132 

neolurida flaviventris Alexander, 132 

trichopka Alexander, 132 

rhipidioidea (Alexander), Limonicl (Idioglochina), 86 

rostrifer Almander, Molophilus (Mol~phil~~), 151 

rubida Alexander, Limnophila (Hesperolimnophila), 111 

rubigi- Loew, Holmsia, 16 

rustiada Doane, Tipula (Setitipula), 54 

sackenianas Alexander, Molophilm (M~lophilus), 151 

sackeniY (von Riider), B i ~ r p ~ l l 10 a , 

sanctaeluciae Alexander, Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis), 99 

sanctaeluciae Alexander, Tipula (Hespemtipula.), 31 

saturata Alexander, Hexatoma (Eriocera), 118 

saylori Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 46 

sayloriana Alexander, Tipula (Trichotipula), 60 

sohisomera Alexander, Tipula (Bellardina), 22 

din$eri Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 46 

achusteri Alexander, Tipula (Ersmotipula), 26 

sculleni Alexander, Hexatome (Eriera), 118 

sculleni Alexander, Ptychoptera, 11 

septemtrionis Osten Sacken, Erioptera (Erioptera), 135 

septentrionalis (Bergroth), Pedicia (Tricyphona), 94 

sequoiae Alexander, Molophilus (Molophilus), 151 

sequoriarutn Alexander, Lirnnophila (Prionolabis), 113 

sequoiarum Alexander, Ormoaia (Oreophila), 143 

sequoiarum Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 46 

sequoiala Alexander, Tipula (Pterelachisus), 51 

sequoiemk Alexauder, Phyllolabis, 104 

setosivena Alexander, Trichowra, 14 

shannoni Alexander, Gonomyia (Idiocera), 127 

shasta Alexander, Lipsothrir, 128 

shastensis Alexander, Pedicia (Tricyphona), 94 

shastensis Alexander, Tipula (Sinotipula>, 55 

shietdsi Alexander, Tipula (Lindnerina), 32 

sierrensis Alexander, Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza>, 101 

siern*mla Alexander, Ulornorpha, 115 

signipennis (Coquiltett), Limonia (Idioglochina), 86 

similis Williston, Ctenophora, 17 

silvestra h e , Tipula (Triplicitipula), 66 

simondsi Alexander, Tipula (Pterelachisus), 51 

simplex Dcane, Tipula (Triplicitipula), 66 

simplicistyla Alexander, Pedicia (Tricyphona), 94 

simdans (Walker), Lirnonia (Dimanomyia), 82 

Sirius Alexander, Molophilas (Molophilus), 149 

sparsa Alexander, Erioptera (Psilownopa), 139 

sparsipuncta (Alexander), Pedicia (Tricyphona), 94 

spenceri Alexander, Crarnptonomyia, 14 

spemax Osten Sacken, Tipula (Yamatotipula), 69 

spiadatus Alexander, Molophilus (Molophilus), 151 

spinerecta Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 46 

spinifera Alexander, Gonomyia (Gonornyia), 126 

spinwk4ma Alexander, Dimanoptyeha, 74 

squarnosus Alexander, M010phih~ (MoIophiIus), 151 

squiresi Alexander, Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus), 147 

steensensis Alexander, Pedicia (Tricyphona), 95 

stemphallus Alexander, Dieranoptycha, 74 

stemata Doane, Tipula (Lunatipula), 46 

stigmata (Dome), Limonia (DicranOmyia), 82 

strepens Alexander, Limnophila (Phylidorea), 112 

streptocera Doane, Tipula (ffesperotipula), 31 

stylifer Alexander, Ormosia (Ormosia), 145 

aubapache Alexander, Tipula (Trichotipula), 60 

aubaptera (Alexander), Pedicia (Tricyphona), 95 

subdeviata Alexander, Ormaria (Ormosia), 145 

subnuda (Alexander), Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus>, 147 

subobtusa Alexander, Pedicia (Pediu-a), 92

162 Bulletin of the Calif01 nia Znsect Survey 

subsessilis (Alexander), Dicranota (Rfmphidolabis), 100 

subsinuatrnn (Alexander), Diazosma, 13 

subtenuiwm*s Doane, Tipula (Schdia), 52 

subtilis Doane, Tipula (Tripliutipula), 66 

supplicata Alexander, Tipula (Hesperotipula), 32 

sweetae Alexander, Tipula (Hespwvtipula), 32 

Sylviwla Moses Harris, 14 

fenestra& (Scopoli), 14 

sylvicola Doane, Tipula (Tripliutipula), 66 

taeni-a Die, OmsoSia (Ormosia), 145 

taimensis Alexander, Ormosia (Ormosia), 145 

Tasiocera Skuse, 146 

(Dasymolophilus) Goe&ghebuer, 146 

squiresi Alexander, 147 

subnuda (Alexander), 147 

tehama Alexander, Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis), 100 

tenaya Alader, Tipula (Lunatipula), 47 

tenuilinea Alexander, Tipula (Yamatotipula), 70 

tergata Doane, Tipula (Lunatipula), 47 

Thaumastoptera Mik, 88 

hyneai Alexander, 88 

timberlakei Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 47 

tin& Alexander, Tipula (Tripliutipuia), 65 

Tipula Linnaeus, 19 

(Anearotipula) Savchanko, 21 

illustris Doane, 21 

CArctofipula) Alezander, 21 

plutonis Alexander, 21 

03tdIardina) Edds, 22 

scliiromera Alexander, 22 

(Beringotipula) Savchanko, 22 

coloradensis Doane, 23 

comstockiana Alexander, 23 

donaldi Alexander, 23 

dorothea Alexander, 23 

faller hew, 23 

inyoensis Alexander, 24 

madera Loew, 24 

monoana Alexander, 24 

nemmeri Dome, 24 

(Eremotipula) Alexander, 25 

biproducta Alexander, 25 

uvunculata Alexander, 26 

helferi Alexander, 26 

leiocantha Alexander, 26 

macracantha Alexander# 26 

melanderiana Alexander, 26 

middlekauffi Alexander, 26 

pellucida Doane, 26 

schusteri Alexander, 26 

(Hesperotipula) Alexander, 27 

aitkeniana Alexander, 28 

amaudi Alexander, 28 

californica (Dome), 29 

chlorion Alexander, 29 

chumash Alexander, 29 

~rdaris Alexander, 30 

contortfix Alexander, 30 

derbyi Dome, 30 

fragmentata Dietz, 30 

linsdelei Alarander, 30 

micheneri Alexander, 31 

rnillardi Alexander, 31 

mutica Dietz, 31 

opisthocera Diets, 31 

walis Alexander, 31 

rentduciae Alexander, 31 

streptocera Dome, 31 

supplicata Alezander, 32 

sweetae Alexander, 32 

(Labiotipula) Al-der, 32 

leechi Alexander, 32 

(Lindnerine) Mannheims, 32 

shiddsi Alexander, 32 

(Lunetipula) Edwards, 32 

acutipleura Doane, 38 

albofascia Doane, 39 

armeta ermata Doane, 39 

armata awanichi Alexander, 39 

atraautnma Dome, 40 

bemardinensis Alexander, 40 

biaviarlsra Alexander, 40 

bifalcata Doane, 40 

bieattxa Dome, 41 

biunca h e , 41 

boregoensis Alexander, 41 

dcarata Doane, 41 

dadaantha Alexander, 41 

dadacanthvdea Alexander, 41 

degenen' Alexander, 41 

diabolica Alexander, 41 

diacanthophora Alemnder, 42 

dido Alader, 42 

dorsimacula dorsimaada Walker, 42 

dorsitnacula shasta Alexander, 42 

down-' Alexander, 42 

Hamentosa Alexander, 42 

ffavocauda Doane, 42 

Aavomarginata Doane, 43 

grahamina Alexander, 43 

hastingsae Alexander, 43 

inusitata Alexander, 44 

kirkwoodiana Alexander, 44 

lamellata Doane, 44 

laasenenais Alexander, 44 

lucida Doane, 44 

macnabi Aleuander, 44 

UlaCSWaiN' Alexander, 44 

mariposa Aleaander, 44 

martini Alexander, 44 

megalabiata megalabiata Alexander, 45 

megalabiata referta Alexander, 45 

meroedensis Alexander, 45 

mesotergata Al-der, 45 

miwok Alexander, 45 

modoc Alexander, 45 

palmarum Alexander, 45 

perfidiosa Alexander, 46 

powersi Alexander, 46 

raysmithi Alexander, 46 

saylori Alexander, 46 

schlingeri Alexander, 46 

slequoierrmr Alexander, 46 

spinerecta Alexander, 46 

sternata Doane, 46 

tenaya Alexander, 47 

terdata Doane, 47 

timberlakei Alexander, 47


truculenfa Alexander, 47 

twightae Alexander, 47 

unicincta Doane, 48 

usitata Doane, 48 

vitabilis Alexander, 48 

vittatipennis Doane, 49 

yana Alexander, 49 

yosem'te Alexander, 49 

selotypa Alexander, 49 

(Odonatisca) Savchenko, 49 

optiva Alexander, 49 

(Plafytipula) Matsumura, 49 

(Pterelachisus) Rondani, 49 

cavagnaroi Alexander, 50 

jenseni Alexander, 50 

mono Alexander, 50 

pseudotruncorum Alexander, 50 

sequoiwla Alexander, 51 

simondsi Alexander, 51 

(Savtshenkia) Mannheims, 51 

graciae Alexander, 51 

(Schummelia) Edwards, 51 

magnifolia Alexander, 5 1 

subtenuiwrnis h e , 52 

(Serratipula) Alexander, 52 

cylindrata Doane, 53 

graminivora Alexander, 53 

marina Doane, 53 

tristis Doane, 53 

(Setitipula) Alexander, 53 

easelen Alexander, 54 

rustiwla Doane, 54 

trichophora Alexander, 54 

(Sinotipula) Alexander, 54 

aspersa Doane, 55 

daveras Alexander, 55 

coleomyia Alexander, 55 

gothicana Alexander, 55 

pacifica Doane, 55 

shastensis Alexander, 55 

umbra Alexander, 56 

(Tipulodinodes) Alexander, 56 

Iecteipes Alexander, 56 

(Trichotipula) Alexander, 56 

beatula &ten Sacken, 57 

bituberculata Doane, 58 

cahuilla Alexander, 58 

capistram Alexander, 58 

cazieri Alexander, 58 

desertorurn Alexander, 59 

dorsolineata Doane, 59 

furidis Alexander, 59 

gertschi Alexander, 59 

kennedyana Alexander, 59 

macrophallus (Dietz) 59 

mayedai Alexander, 60 

megalodonta Alexander, 60 

repulsa Alexander, 60 

sayloriana Alexander, 60 

subapache Alexander, 60 

(Triplicitipula) Alexander, 60 

acuta Dme, 62 

aequalis Doane, 62 

bellamyi Alexander, 63 

doaneiana Alexander, 63 

idiotricha Alexander, 63 

lygropis Alexander, 63 

occidentalis Doane, 64 

planicornis Doane, 64 

praecisa hew, 65 

pubera hew, 65 

quaylii bane, 66 

silvestra Doane, 66 

simplex Doane, 66 

subtilis Doane, 66 

sylviwla Doane, 66 

vestigipennis Doane, 66 

williamsi Doane, 66 

(Vestiplex) Bezzi, 66 

(Yamatotipula) Matsumura, 67 

cognata Doane, 67 

fulvilineata Doane, 68 

jacintoensis Alexander, 68 

lanei Alexander, 69 

meridians rneridiana Doane, 69 

meridiana continentalis Alexander, 69 

spemar Osten Sacken, 69 

tenuilinea Alexander, 70 

toschiae Alexander, Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia), 12 1 

townesi Alexander, Ptychoptera, 12 

townmana Alexander, Pediua (Tricyphona), 95 

Trichocera Meigen, 13 

annulata Meigen, 13 

colei Alexander, 13 

dumbiana Alexander, 14 

garretti Alexander, 14 

hyaloptera Alexander, 14 

pallens Alexander, 14 

aetosivena Alexander. 14 

trichophora Alexander, Tipula (Setitipula). 54 

trichophora Alexander, Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga), 132 

tmkhoptera (Osten Sacken), Pardadura, 13 

trichopyga Alexander, Dicranota (Rhaphidoiabis), 100 

triwrnis Alexander, Omsia (Onmxia), 146 

tristis Doane, Tipda (Serratipula), 53 

truculenta Alexander, Tipula (hatipule), 47 

truncata Alexander, Pedicia (Tricyphona), 95 

tubedata Alexander, Gommyia (Gonomyia), 124 

iwightae Alexander, Tipda (Lunatipula), 47 

Ula Haliday, 89 

paupera Osten Sacken, 89 

Ulomorpha Osten Sacken, 114 

dgronitida AIexander, 115 

quinquecellua Alexander, 115 

sierricola Alexander, 115 

vanduzeei Alexander, 115 

umbra Alexander, Tipda (Sinotipufa), 56 

unduligera Alexander, Erioptera (Mesocyphona), 138 

Ungulata Doane, Tipula (Triplicitipula), 66 

unicincta Doane, Tipula (Lunatipula), 48 

unigera Alexander, Pedicia (Tricyphona), 95 

unispiculatus Al-dar, Molophilus (Molophilus), 152 

usingeri Alexandes, Elliptera, 75 

usitata Doane, Tipda (Lunatipula), 48 

vazac0uverem-s Alexander, Limnophila (Prionolabis), 114 

vanduzm* Alexander, Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis), 100 

vandureei- (Alexander), Protanyderus, 8 

vandureei Alexander, Ulomorpha, 115


venusta (Bergroth ) , Lirnonia (Dicranomyia), 83 

vestigipennis Doane, Tipula (Triplicitipula), 66 

villosa Osten Sacken, Erioptera (Erioptera), 136 

vipio (Osten Sacken), Protanyderus, 8 

virgata Doane, Gonomyia (Gonomyia), 126 

viridicans (Doane) , Limonia (Dicranomyia), 81 

vitabilis Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 48 

vitripennis (Doane) , Pedicia (Tricyphona), 94 

vittata angustipennis hw, Ctenophora (Phoroctenia), 

17 

vittatipennis Dome, Tipula (Lunatipula)? 49 

Vulgate (Bergroth), Limonia (Dicranomyie), 83 

willi-* Doane, Tipula (Triplicitipula), 66 

wulpiana (Bergroth), Nephrotoma, 19 

xanthomela Dietz, Tipula (Hesperotipula), 29 

yana Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 49 

yoSemite Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula), 49 

ypsilon Alexander, Limonia (Dicranomyia), 83 

zelotypa Alexander, Tipula (Lunatipula). 49

FIGURES 1 - 524


Fig. 1. 

Fig. 2. 

Fig. 3. 

Fig. 4. 

Fig. 5. 

Fig. 6. 

Fig. 7. 

Fig. 8. 

Fig. 9. 

Fig. 10. 

Fig. 11. 

Lateral aspect of head and thorax of a crane fly (Tipula sp.) 

Dorsal aspect of mesonotum 

Lateral aspect of abdomen, with detail of the dististyle 

Holorusia rubi$inosa Loew; antenna, male 

The same, female 

Prionocera oregonica Alexander; antenna, male 

Ctenophora (Phoroctenia) vittata angustipennis hew; antenna, male 

The same, female 

Nephrotoma wulpiana (Bergmth); antenna, male 

Tipula (An&rotipula) illustris Doane; antenna, male 

Tipula (Triplicitipda) pubera Loew; antenna, male 

abs 

abt 

aes 

ant 

aPn 

b 

bk 

cr 

UT 

d 

dc 

fe 

fPr 

ha 

lbk 

me 

mp 

mt 

n 

ob1 

- abdominal sternite 

- abdominal tergite 

anepistemum (mesepistemum) 

antenna 

pronotal scutum 

basistyle (hypopygium) 

beak (inner dististyle, hypopygium) 

cervical region 

- coxa 

dististyle 

dorsal crest (inner dististyle) 

femur 

frontal prolongation of head 

halter 

lower beak (inner dististyle) 

- memn 

- maxillary palpus 

mediotergite (postnotum) 

- nasus 

outer basal lobe (inner dististyle) 

- 

SYMBOLS 

outer dististyle 

parascutellum 

posterior crest (inner dististyle) 

pseudosutural fovea (humeral pit) 

p r a es c u tum 

pleurotergite (postnotum) 

pteropleurite (mesepimeron) 

posterior vertex 

sternite (abdomen) 

sensory area (inner dististyle) 

SCUtum 

scutellum 

spiracle 

sternopleurite (mesepisternum) 

tergite (abdomen) 

tuberculate pits (praescutum) 

trochanter 

transverse suture 

vertical tubercle

Alexander: The Crane Flies of California 167


Fig. 12 

Fig. 13 

Fig. 14 

Fig. 15 

Fig. 16 

Fig. 17 

Fig. 18 

Fig. 19 

Fig. 20 

Fig. 21 

Wing Venation in the Families Tanyderidae, 

Ptychopteridae, Trichoceridae, and Tipulidae 

Protanyderus vipio (Osten Sacken) ; Tanyderidae 

Ptychoptera sculleni Alexander; Ptychopteridae 

Trichocera annulata Meigen; Trichoceridae 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) California (Doane) ; Tipulidae, Tipulinae 

Limonia (Limonia) nubeculosa sciophila (Osten Sacken); Tipulidae, 

Limoniini 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) protea (Alexander); Tipulidae, Pediciini 

Limnophila (Prionolabis) barberi Alexander; Tipulidae, Hexatomini 

Hexatorna (Eriocera) californica (Osten Sacken); Tipulidae, 

Hexatomini 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) poliocephala Alexander; Tipulidae, Eriopterini 

Ormosia (Omosia) hynesi Alexander; Tipulidae, Eriopterini 

SYMBOLS: A, Anal vein; C, Costa; Cu, Cubitus; h, humeral cmssVein; M, Media; mcu, 

medial-cubital crossvein; R, Radius; Rs, Radial sectoc Sc, Subcosta



Ptychopteridae-Venation 

and Male Hypopygium 

Fig. 22 

Fig. 23 

Fig. 24 

Fig. 25 

Fig. 26 

Fig. 27 

Fig. 28 

Fig. 29 

Fig. 30 

Fig. 31 

Fig. 32 

Fig. 33 

Protanyderus vipio (Osten Sacken); venation 

Ptychoptera lenis &ten Sacken; venation 

Bittawmorphella sackenii (von Rijder); venation 

Bittawmorpha occidentalis Aldrich; venation 

Ptychoptera byersi Alexander; male hypopygium 

Ptychoptera lenis @ten Sacken; male hypopygium 

Ptychoptera minor Alexander; male hypopygium 

Ptychoptera monoensis Alexander; male hypopygium 

Ptychoptera townesi Alexander; male hypopygium 

Bittawmorphella fenderiana Alexander; male hypopygium 

Bittawmorphella pacifica Alexander; male hypopygium 

Bitfawmorphella sackenii (von Rader ); male hypopygium 

SYMBOLS: d, dististyle; t, tergite


27 

\ 

28


Fig. 34 

Fig. 35 

Fig. 36 

Fig. 37 

Fig. 38 

Fig. 39 

Fig. 40 

Fig. 41 

Fig. 42 

Fig. 43 

Fig. 44 

Fig. 45 

Fig. 46 

Trichoceridae, Anisopodidae, Pachyneurida- 

Venation, Male Hypopygium, Ovipositor 

Diazosma subsinuatum (Alexander); venation (Trichoceridae) 

Paracladura trichoptera (Osten Sacken); venation (Trichoceridae) 

Trichocera garrefti Alexander; venation (Trichoceridae) 

Sylvicola fenestralis (Scopoli); venation (Anisopodidae) 

Cramptonomyia spenceri Alexander; venation (Pachyneuridae ) 

Trichocera colei Alexander; male hypopygium 

Trichocera columbiana Alexander; male hypopygium 

Trichocera garretti Alexander; male hypopygium 

Trichocera pallens Alexander; male hypopygium 

Trichocera setosivena Alexander; male hypopygium 

Diazosma subsinuatum (Alexander); ovipositor 

Paracladura trichoptera (Osten Sacken); ovipositor 

Trichocera pallens Alexander; ovipositor 

SY~~BOLS: b, basistyle; c, cercus; d, dististyle; g, gonapophysis; h, hypovalva; p, phallosome

Alexander: The Crane Flies of Califontia 173 

39 40 

1 

iiD 

41 

42 

(&-I 

c 44 

H 

45 q) 

...- 

43 

C 

-QT 

Y 

G 

46


Tipulinae; Limoniinae, Limoniini-Venation 

Fig. 47 

Fig. 48 

Fig. 49 

Fig. 50 

Fig. 51 

Fig. 52 

Fig. 53 

Fig. 54 

Fig. 55 

Fig. 56 

Fig. 57 

Fig. 58 

Fig. 59 

Fig. 60 

Fig. 61 

Fig. 62 

Fig. 63 

Fig. 64 

Fig. 65 

Fig. 66 

Fig. 67 

Fig. 68 

Fig. 69 

Holorusia rubiginosa Loew 

Prionocera oregonica Alexander 

Ctenophora (Phoroctenia) vittata angustipem*s Loew 

Nephrotoma dpiana (Bergr~th) 

Tipula (Trkhotipula) beatula Osten Sacken 

Limonia (Alexandriaria) dusca (Garrett) 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) defuncta wncinna (Williston) 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) longipennis (Schummel ) 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) stigmata (Doane) 

Limonia (Discobola) neoelegans Alexander 

Limonia (Geranomyia) diversa (Osten Sacken) 

Limonia (Hesperolimonia) infuscata (Doane ) 

Limonia (Zdioglochina) marmorata (Osten Sacken) 

Limonia (Limonia) nubeculosa sciophila (Osten Sacken) 


Limonia (Metalimnobia) califom’tx (Osten Sacken) 

Elliptera clausa Osten Sacken 

Elliptera usingeri Alexander 

Antocha (Antocha) montiwla Alexander 

Theumastoptera hynesi Alexander 


Dicranoptycha occidentalis Alexander 

Orimarga (Orimarga) sanctaeritae Alexander


40 

49 

50 

51 

52 

54 

55 

56 

57 

58 

59 

61 

63 

60 

62 

64 

65 

66 

67 

68 

69


Genus Tipula; Angarotipula, Arctotipula, Bellardina, 

Beriqgotipula-Male Hypopygium 

Fig. 70 

Fig. 71 

Fig. 72 

Fig. 73 

Fig. 74 

Fig. 75 

Tipula (Angarotipula) illustris Dome 

Tipula (Arctotipula) plutonis Alexander 

Tipula (Bellardina) schizomera Alexander 

Tipula (Beringotipula) coloradensis Doane 

Tipula (Berimtipula) comstockiana Alexander 

Tipula (Beringotipula) donaldi Alexander 

SYMBOLS: a, aedeagus; d, dististyle; g, gonapophysis; p, phallosome; 

8.8th atemite; f, 9th Wte


177 

72 

2 

4 

. . , . . . . .


Genus Tipula; Beringotipula (2)-Male 

Hvpopygium 

Fig. 76 Tipula (Beringotipula) fallax Loew 

Fig. 77 Tipula (Beringotipula) inyoensis Alexander 

Fig. 78 Tipula (Beringotipula) madera bane 

Fig. 79 Tipula (Beringotipula) monoana Alexander 

Fig. 80 The same 

Fig. 81 Tipula (Berin&tipula) newoomeri Dome 

SYMBOLS: d, dististyle; g, gonapophysis; s, 8th sternite; t, 9th tergite


179 

S 

76 ' 

S 

G 

80


Genus Tipula; Eremotipula ( 1 )-Male 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 82 Tipula (Eremotipula) biproducta Alexander 

Fig. 83 Tipula (Eremotipula) carunculata Alexander 

Fig. 84 Tipula (Eremotipula) helferi Alexander 

Fig. 85 Tipula (Eremotipula) leiocantha Alexander 

Fig. 86 Tipula (Eremotipula) macracantha Alexander 


SYMBOLS: b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallowme; s, 8th sternite; 

f, 9th tergite


B 

W 

84 

85 

.. 

87


Genus Tipula; Eremotipula (2 ), Hesperotipula (1 )-Male 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 88 

Fig. 89 

Fig. 90 

Fig. 91 

Fig. 92 

Fig. 93 

Fig. 94 

Fig. 95 

Tipula (Eremotipula) melanderiana Alexander 

The same 

Tipula (Eremotipula) middleka& Alexander 

Tipula (Eremotipula) pellucida Doane 

Tipula (Eremotipula) schusten' Alexander 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) aitkeniana Alexander 

The Same 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) arnaudi Alexander 

SYMBOLS: b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, 8th sternite; f, 9th tergite


aa 09 

93


Genus Tipula; Hesperotipula (2)-Male 

Hypopygium, Ovipositor 

Fig. 96 Tipula (Hesperotipula) californica (Doane); male hypopygium 

Fig. 97 Tipula (Hesperotipula) californica (Doane); ovipositor 

Fig. 98 Tipula (Hesperotipula) chlorion Alexander 

Fig. 99 Tipula (Hesperotipula) chumash Alexander 

Fig. 100 Tipula (Hesperotipula) circularis Alexander 

Fig. 101 Tipula (Hesperotipula) contortrix Alexander 

Fig. 102 Tipula (Hesperotipula) derbyi Doane 

SYMBOLS: c, cercus; d, dististyle; h, hypovalva; p, phallosome; s, 8th sternite; t, 9th tergite


185




Fig. 103 Tipula (Hesperotipula) fragmentata Dietz 

Fig. 104 Tipula (Hesperotipula) linsdalei Alexander 

Fig. 105 Tipula (Hesperotipula) micheneri Alexander 

Fig. 106 Tipula (Hesperotipula) millardi Alexander 

Fig. 107 Tipula (Hesperotipula) mutica Dietz 

Fig. 108 Tipula (Hesperotipula) opisthocera Dietz; male hypopygium 


Fig. 110 

Tipula (Hesperotipula) opisthocera Dietz; ovipositor 

SYMBOLS: b, basistyle; c, cercus; d, dististyle; h, hypovalva; s, 8th sternite; f, 9th tergite


106 

108



Hypopygium 

Fig. 111 Tipula (Hesperofipula) ovalis Alexander 

Fig. 112 Tipula (Hesperotipula) sanctae luciae Alexander 


Fig. 114 Tipula (Hesperotipula) streptocera Doane 

Fig. 115 Tipula (Hesperotipula) supplicata Alexander 

Fig. 116 Tipula (Hesperotipula) sweetae Alexander 

SYMBOLS: b, basistyle; d, dististyle; s, 8th sternite; f, 9th tergite



Genus Tipula; Labiotipula, Lindnerina, Lunatipula ( 1 ) 

(acutipleura, albofascia groups)-Male Hypopygium 

Fig. 1 17 

Fig. 118 

Fig. 119 

Fig. 120 

Fig. 12 1 

Fig. 122 

Fig. 123 

Tipula (Labiotipula) leechi Alexander 

Tipula (Linderina) shieldsi Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) acutipleura bane 

Tipula (Lunatipula) spinerecta Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) albofascia Doane 

Tipula (Lunatipula) bifalcata Doane 

Tipula (Lunatipula) cladacantha Alexander 

SWBOLS: b, basistyle; d, dististyle; s, 8th sternite; f, 9th tergite


117 

I19 

12 I


Genus Tipula; Lunatipula (2) (annata, atrasumma, 

timberlakei, dorsimacula groups )-Male Hypopygium 

Fig. 124 Tipula (Lunatipula) armata annata Doane 

Fig. 125 Tipula (Lunatipula) atrasumma Doane 

Fig. 126 Tipula (Lunatipula) vitabilis Alexander 

Fig. 127 Tipula (Lunatipula) boregoensis Alexander 

Fig. 128 Tipula (Lunatipula) timberlakei Alexander 

Fig. 129 Tipula (Lunatipula) dorsimacula shasta Alexander 

S-M: 

b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, 8th sternite; t, 9th tete


193 

3 

126 

. : : 

128


Genus Tipula; Lunatipula (3) (degeneri, diabolica, 

flavomarginata groups)-Male Hyppygi~m 

Fig. 130 

Fig. 13 1 

Fig. 132 

Fig. 133 

Fig. 134 

Fig. 135 

Tipula (Lunatipula) deeneri Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) medensis Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) diabolica Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) flavornarginata Doane 

Tipula (Lunatipula) macnabi Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) truculenta Alexander 

SYMBOLS: b. basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, 8th sternite; t, 9th tergite

Alexander: The Crane Flies of Califomma 195 

-.. . ... . 

I30 

131 

133 

134 

' 1 

135


Genus Tipula; Lmatipula (4) (lucida, megalabiafa, 

rnodoc groups)-Male Hypopygium 

Fig. 136 

Fig. 137 

Fig. 138 

Fig. 139 

Fig. 140 

Fig. 141 

Tipula (Lunatipula) lucida Doane 

Tipula (Lunatipula) megalabiata megalabiata Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) megalabiata referta Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) d o c Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) perfidiosa Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) twightae Alexander 

SYMBOLS: d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, 8th sternite; f, 9th tergite


P 

136 

P 

139 138 

P 

140 

I4 I


Genus Tipula; Lunatipula (5) (diabolica, macswahi, 

palmarum, sequoiarum groups)-Male Hypopygium 

Fig. 142 Tipula (Lunatipula) macswaini Alexander 


Fig. 144 The Same 

Fig. 145 Tipula (Lunatipula) zelotypa Alexander 

Fig. 146 Tipula (Lunatipula) downesi Alexander 

Fig. 147 Tipula (Lunatipula) martini Alexander 

Fig. 148 Tipula (Lunatipula) powersi Alexander 


Fig. 150 Tipula (Lunatipula) sequoiarum Alexander 

SyEdBo~s: b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, 8th sternite; t, 9th tergite


143 

144 

D - 

. .. .. . .. . . ..... . . ..... 

.. ._.. .. . .. 

I4 5 

146 

S 

I48


Genus Tipula; Lunatipula (6) (splendens, tergata groups)-Male 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 151 Tipula (Lunatipula) bernardinensis Alexander 

Fig. 152 Tipula (Lunatipula) lamellata Doane 

Fig. 153 Tipula (Lunatipula) lassenensis Alexander 

Fig. 154 Tipula (Lunatipula) miwok Alexander 

Fig. 155 Tipula (Lunatipula) fenaya Alexander 

Fig. 156 Tipula (Lunatipula) kirkwoodiana Alexander 

SYMBOLS: b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, 8th smite, t, 9th tergite


. .. .*. .- 

. . : .. . .. .. . , . . .:; 

153


Genus Tipula; Lunatipula (7) (tergata group)-Male Hypopygium 

Fig. 157 Tipula (Lunatipula) mesotergata Alexander 


Fig. 159 Tipula (Lunatipula) raysmithi Alexander 

Fig. 160 Tipula (Lunatipula) sternata Doane 

Fig. 161 Tipula (Lunatipula) tergata Doane 

Fig. 162 Tipula (Lunatipula) biavicularia Alexander 

Fig. 163 Tipula (Lunatipula) bisetosa bane 

SYMBOLS: d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, 8th sternite; t, 9th tergite


203 

D 

i57 

h 

I58 

159 

P 

I60 

161 163

2 04 Bulletin of the California Znsect Survey 

Fig. 164 

Fig. 165 

Fig. 166 

Fig. 167 

Fig. 168 

Fig. 169 

Genus Tipula; Lunatipula (8) (tergata, 

usitafa groups)-Male Hypopygium 

Tipula (Lunafipula) calcarafa Doane 

Tipula (Lunatipula) diacanthophora Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) dido Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) filamentosa Alexander 

Tipula (Lunatipula) unicincta Doane 

Tipula (Lunatipula) grahamina Alexander 

SYMBOLS: d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, 8th and 9th sternites; t, 9th tdte


205 

164 

166 S 

167 

168 169


Genus Tipula; Lunatipula (9) (unicincta, usitata, 

vittatipennis groups)-Male HypopygiUm 

Fig. 170 Tipula (Lunatipula) schlingeri Alexander 


Fig. 172 Tipula (Lunatipula) inusitata Alexander 

Fig. 173 Tipula (Lunatipula) usitata Doane 

Fig. 174 Tipula (Lunatipula) hastingsae Alexander 

Fig. 175 Tipula (Lunatipula) vittatipennis bane 

Sybd~o~~: ti, distktyle; p, phallosome; a, 8th and 9th ateanites; t, 9th tergite


170 

... . .. . 

171 

T 

173 

172 

174 

S 

f


Genus Tipula; Lunatipula (10) (vittatipennis, 

yosemite groups)-Male Hypopygium 

Fig. 176 Tipula (Lunatipula) yana Alexander 


Fig. 178 Tipula (Lunatipula) mariposa Alexander 

Fig. 179 Tipula (Lunatipula) saylon Alexander 

Fig. 180 Tipula (Lunatipula) yosemite Alexander 

S ~ S b, : basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, 8th and 9th sternites; f, 9th tergite


209 

177 

178 

179

2 10 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey 

Genus Tipula; Odonatisca, Pferelachisus-Male Hypopygium 

Fig. 181 Tipula (Odonatisca) optiva Alexander 

Fig. 182 Tipula (Pterelachisus) cav&naroi Alexander 

Fig. 183 Tipula (Pterelachisus) jensen. Alexander 


Fig. 185 

Fig. 186 

Fig. 18 7 

Tipula (Pterelachisus) mono Alexander 

Tipula (Pterelachisus) pseudotmcorum Alexander 

Tipula (Pterelachisus) sequoicola Alexander 

SYMBOLS: d, dististyle; p, phallasome; s, 8th and 9th sternites; f, 9th


_...._. ..' 

P 

182 

185 

186


Genus Tipula; Savtshenkia, Schummelia, Serratipula-Male Hypopygium 

Fig. 188 

Fig. 189 

Fig. 190 

Fig. 19 1 

Fig. 192 

Fig. 193 

Tipula (Savtshenkia) graciae Alexander 

Tipula (Schummelia) magnifolia Alexander 

Tipula (Serratipula) cylindrata Doane 

Tipula (Serratipula) graminivora Alexander 

Tipula (Serratipula) marha Dane 

Tipula (Serratipula) tristis Doane 

SYMBOLS: ant., fifth flagellar segment; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; 

a, 8th and 9th sternite; t, 9th tergite

Alexander: The Crane Flies of Celifom'a 

2 13 

T 

I9 I \12- 

-,. - 

192 193


Genus Tipula; Setitipula, Sinotipula ( 1 )-Male 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 194 

Fig. 195 

Fig. 196 

Fig. 197 

Fig. 198 

Tipula (Setitipula) esselen Alexander 

Tipula (Setitipula) rustiwla Doane 

Tipula (Setitipula) trichophora Alexander 

Tipula (Sinotipula) aspersa Doane 

Tipula (Sinotipula) calaveras Alexander 

SYDIIB~LS: d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, 8th and 9th sternites; f 9th tergite


P 5 

196 

197 

198


Genus Tipula; Sinotipula (2)-Male 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 199, 200 

Fig. 201, 202 

Fig. 203-205 

Fig. 206 

Fig. 207 

Fig. 208 

Tipula (Sinotipula) wleomyia Alexander 

(drawings from the dried holotype) 

Tipula (Sinotipula) gothicana Alexander 

Tipula (Sinotipula) pacifica Dome 

(drawings from the dried holotype) 

Tipula (Sinotipula) powelli Alexander (Oregon) 

Tipula (Sinotipula) shastensis Alexander 

Tipula (Sinotipula) umbra Alexander 

SYMBOLS: b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, sternite; f, tergite


217 

D


Genus Tipula; Tipulodinodes, Trichotipula ( 1 )-Male 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 209 

Fig. 210 

Fig. 211 

Fig. 212 

Fig. 213 

Fig. 214 

Fig. 215 

Fig. 216 

Fig. 217 

Fig. 218 

Tipula (Tipulodinodes) lacteipes Alexander 

Tipula (Trichotipula) beatda Osten Sacken 

Tipula (Trichotipula) bituberculata Doane 

Tipula (Trichotipula) cahuilla Alexander 

Tipula (Trichotipula) capistrano Alexander 

Tipula (Trichotipula) cazieri Alexander 

Tipula (Trichotipula) desertorurn Alexander 

Tipula (Trichotipula) dorsolineata Doane 

Tipula (Trichotipula) furialis Alexander 

Tipula (Trichotipula) Brtschi Alexander 

SYMBOLS: d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, 9th st&% f, 9th tergite


218


Genus Tipula; Trichotipula (2)-Male 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 2 19 

Fig. 220 

Fig. 22 1 

Fig. 222 

Fig. 223 

Fig. 224 

Fig. 225 

Tipula (Trichotipula) kennedyana Alexander 

Tipula (Trichotipula) macrophallus (Dietz) 

Tipula (Trichotipula) mayedai Alexander 

Tipula (Trichotipula) megalodonta Alexander 

Tipula (Trichotipula) repulsa Alexander 

Tipula (Trichotipula) sayloriana Alexander 

Tipula (Trichotipula) subapache Alexander 

Syaa~o~s: d, aististyle; p, phallosome; s, 8th sternite; t, 9th tergite


219 

222 

224 

225

222 Bulletin df the California Znsect Survey 

. 

Genus Tipula; Triplicitipula (1)-Male 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 226 Tipula (Triplicitipula) acuta Doane 

Fig. 227 Tipula (Triplicitipula) aequalis Dome 

Fig. 228 Tipula (Triplicitipula) bellamyi Alexander 

Fig. 229 Tipula (Triplicitipula) doaneiana Alexander 

Fig. 230 Tipula (Triplicitipda) spp; A, aequalis -ne; B, acuta Doane; 

silvestra Doane; D, E, planicorni~ Doane; appendage of 9th sternite 

Fig. 231 Tipula (Triplicitipula) idiotrkha Alexander 

SYMBOLS: d, dististyle; p, phallosome; 8, 8th and 9th sternites; f, 9th M t e


226 

S 

228


Genus Tipula; Triplicitipula (2 )-Male 

Hypopygim 

Fig. 232 Tipula (Triplicitipula) lygropis Alexander; extremes shown 

Fig. 233 The Same 

Fig. 234 Tipula (Triplicitipula) occidentalis Doane 

Fig. 235 Tipula (Triplicitipula) p1aniwm.s Doane 

Fig. 236 Tipula (Triplicitipula) praecisa Loew 

Fig. 237 Tipula (Triplicitipula) pubera Loew 

SYMBOLS: d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, 8th sternite; f, 9th tergite


225


Genus Tipula; Triplicitipula (3)-Mde 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 238 

Fig. 239 

Fig. 240 

Fig. 241 

Fig. 242 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) quaylii h n e 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) silvestra Doane 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) simplex Dmne 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) vestisipennis Dome 

Tipula (Triplicitipula) williamsi Doane 

SYMBOLS: d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, 8th sternite, t, 9th tergite

Alexander: The Crane Flies of Cdiforda 227 

238 

P 

239 

240 

241 242


Genus Tipula; Yamatotipula-Male 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 243 

Fig. 244 

Fig. 245 

Fig. 246 

Fig. 247 

Fig. 248 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) fulvilineata Doane 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) jacintoensis Alexander 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) meridiana meridiana Doane 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) meridiana continentalis Alexander 

Tipula (Yamatotipula) spernax Osten Sacken 

Tipula (Yarnatotipula) tenuilinea Alexander 

Syra0x.s: d, dististyle; p, phallosome; f, 9th tergite


T 

244 

245 

246 

T 

247 

248


Limoniini; Genus Limonie-Male 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 249 

Fig. 250 

Fig. 251 

Fig. 2 52 

Fig. 253 

Fig. 254 

Fig. 255 

Fig. 256 

Fig. 257 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) kernensis Alexander 

Limonia (Dicranomyia) linsdalei Alexander 

Limonia (Discobola) neoelegans Alexander 

Limonia (Geranomyia) guatemalensis (Alexander) 

Limonia (Hesperolimonia) infuscata (Doane) 

Limonia (Idiogldna) marmorata (Osten Sacken) 

Limonia (Limonia) nubeculosa sciophila (Osten Sacken) 

Limonia (Metalimnobia) californica (Osten Sacken) 


SWB~LS: a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; a, dististyle; g, gonapphysis; f, 9th tergite


252 

257


Limoniini; Genera Antocha, Dicranoptycha, 

Elliptera, Thaumastoptera-Male Hypopygium 

Fig. 258 

Fig. 259 

Fig. 260 

Fig. 261 

Fig. 262 

Fig. 263 

Fig. 264 

Fig. 265 

Fig. 266 

Antocha (Antocha) monticola Alexander 

Elliptera usinBen' Alexander 

Thaumastoptera hynesi Alexander 

Dicranoptycha laevis Alexander 


Dicranoptycha melampygia Alexander 

Dicranoptycha occidentalis Alexander 

Dicranoptycha spinosissima Alexander 

Dicranoptycha stenophallus Alexander 

SmmLS: a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome; 

t, 9th tergite


DR. 

258 

260 

261 

26 

D 

264 

265 

66


Pediciini; Genera Ula, Ornithodes, Pedicia, Dicranota-Venation 

Fig. 267 

Fig. 268 

Fig. 269 

Fig. 270 

Fig. 271 

Fig. 272 

Fig. 273 

Fig. 274 

Fig. 275 

Fig. 276 

Fig. 277 

Fig. 278 

Fig. 279 

Fig. 280 

Fig. 281 

Fig. 282 

Fig. 283 

Fig. 284 

Fig. 285 

Fig. 286 

Ula (Ula) paupera &ten Sacken 

Omithodes brevirostris Alexander 

Pedicia (Pedicia) bellamyana Alexander 

Pedicia (Pedicia) obtusa Osten Sacken 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) cinemicolor Alexander 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) aperta (Cquillett) 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) disphana (Doane) 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) hynesiana Alexander 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) protea (Alexander) 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) septentrionalis (Bergroth) 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) shastensis Alexander 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) simplicistyla Alexander 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) unigera Alexander 

Dicranota (Polyangaeus) maculata (Doane) 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) nuptialis Alexander 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) polymeroides (Alexander ) 


Dicrano fa (Rhaphidolabis) tehama Alexander 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) vanduzeei (Alexander) 

Dicranota (Plectromyia) lassenensis Alexander


268 

82 

84 

86


Pediciini; Genera Ula, Ornithodes, Pedicia-Male 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 287 

Fig. 288 

Fig. 289 

Fig. 290 

Fig. 291 

Fig. 292 

Fig. 293 

Fig. 294 

Fig. 295 

Fig. 296 

Fig. 297 

Fig. 298 

Fig. 299 

Fig. 300 

Ula (Ula) paupera Osten Sacken 

Ornithodes brevirostris Alexander 

Pedicia (Pedicia) subobtusa Alexander 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) aperta (Coquillett ) 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) bianchii Alexander 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) bicomata Alexander 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) bidentifera Alexander 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) constans (Doane) 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) disphana (Doane) 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) hynesiana Alexander 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) macrophallus actaeon Alexander 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) shastensis Alexander 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) simplicistyla Alexander 

Pedicia (Tricyphona) truncata Alexander 

SYMBOLS: a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; i, interbase; p, phallosome; f, 9th tergite


298 

. -. :. .... . . ... .:. . . . . 

299


Pediciini; Genus Dicranota-Male 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 301 

Fig. 302 

Fig. 303 

Fig. 304 

Fig. 305 

Fig. 306 

Fig. 307 

Fig. 308 

Fig. 309 

Fig. 310 

Fig. 311 

Fig. 312 

Fig. 313 

Dicranota (Polyangaeus) maculata (Doane) 

Dicranota (Plectromyig) lassenensis Alexander 

Dicranota (Plectromyia) reducta tehamicola Alexander 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) cazieriana Alexander 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) denningi evanescens Alexander 

Outer lobe of basistyle of Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) spp; A, nooksackensis 

Alexander; B, brevispinosa Alexander; C, denningi denningi 

Alexander; D, denningi evanescens Alexander; E, denningi brevicula 

Alexander 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) integriloba Alexander 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) neomexicana (Alexander) 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) querula Alexander 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) sanctaeluciae Alexander 


Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) trichopyga Alexander 

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) vanduzeei (Alexander) 

SYMBOLS: a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; i, interbase; p, phallosome; t, 9th tergite


305


Hexatomini; Genera Paradelphomyia, Epiphragma, Phyllolabis, Dactylolabis, 

Austrolimnophila, Pseudolimnophila, Limnophila-Venation 

Fig. 314 

Fig. 315 

Fig. 316 

Fig. 317 

Fig. 318 

Fig. 319 

Fig. 320 

Fig. 321 

Fig. 322 

Fig. 323 

Fig. 324 

Fig. 325 

Fig. 326 

Fig. 327 


Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) deprivata Alexander 

Epiphragma (EpiphraBma) arizonensis Alexander 


Dactylolabis (Eudactylolabis) damula (Osten Sacken) 

Dactylolabis (Dactylolabis) imitata Alexander 

Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) badia (Doane ) 

Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila) luteipennis (Osten Sacken) 

Limnophila (Prionolabis) antennata (Coquillett) 

Limnophila (Prionolabis) crmsoni Alexander 

Limnophila (Eloeophila) edentata Alexander 

Limnophila (Phylidorea) brevifilosa Alexander 

Limnophila (Hesperolimnophila) nycteris Alexander 

Limnophila (Hesperolimnophila) rubida Alexander


31 5 

317 

319 

322 G 

321 

32 3 

325 

327


Hexatomini; Genera Limnophila, Shannonomyia, Pilaria, Ulomorpha, 

Hexatoma, Elephantomyia, Atarba-Venation 

Fig. 328 

Fig. 329 

Fig. 330 

Fig. 331 

Fig. 332 

Fig. 333 

Fig. 334 

Fig. 335 

Fig. 336 

Fig. 337 

Fig. 338 

Fig. 339 

Fig. 340 

Limnophila (Afrolimnophila) amabilis Alexander 

Limnophila (Brachylimnophila) occidens Alexander 

Limnophila (Dendrolimnophila) albomanicata (Alexander ) 

Shannonomyia oslari (Alexander) 

Pilaria phaeonota Alexander 

Pilaria meridiana (Staeger) 

Ulomorpha quinquecellula Alexander 

Ulomorpha vanduzeei Alexander 

Hexatoma (Eriocera) azrael Alexander 

Hexatoma (Eriocera) californica (Osten Sacken) 

Hexatoma (Eriocera) saturata (Alexander) 

Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) curtirostris Alexander 

Atarba (Atarba) werneri Alexander


328 

~ 

29 

33 I 

333 

35 

39


Hexatomini; Genus Phyllolabi+Male 


Fig. 341 

Fig. 342 

Fig. 343 

Fig. 344 

Fig. 345 

Fig. 346 

Fig. 347 

Fig. 348 

Fig. 349 

Phyllolabis hurdi Alexander (from the dried hobtype) 

Phyllolabis spp.; ovipositor, lateral aspect of cercus; A, sequoiensis 

Alexander; B, encausta Osten Sacken; C, myriosficfa Alexander; D, 

Aavida Alexander; E, clavigera Osten Sacken; F, meridionalis 

Alexander 

Phyllolabis clavigera aten Sacken 


Phyllolabis flavida Alexander 

Phyllolabis hirtiloba Alexander 

Phyllolabis laaanensis Alexander 

Phyllolabis meridionalis Alexander 

Phyllolabis myriosticta Alexander 

SmBOLS: b, basistyle; d, dististyle; a, 9th sternite; f, 9th tergite; ovipositor, cercus


349


Fig. 350 

Fig. 35 1 

Fig. 352 

Fig. 353 

Fig. 354 

Fig. 355 

Fig. 356 

Fig. 357 

Fig. 358 

Fig. 359 

Fig. 360 

Hexatomini; Genera Paradelphomyia, Dacfylolabis, Limnophila 

(Prionolabis,&Male Hypopygium, Ovipositor 

Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) pacifica Alexander 


Dactylolabis (Eudactylolabis) damula (Osten Sacken) 

Dacfylolabis (Dacfylolabis) knowltoni Alexander 

Dactylolabis (Eudactylolabis) damula (Osten Sacken); ovipositor 

Dactylolabis (Dactylolabis) nitidithorax (Alexander) 

Limnophila (Prionolabis) barbed Alexander 

Limnophila (Prionolabis) cressoni Alexander 

Limnophila (Prionolabis) freeborni Alexander 

Limnophila (Prionolabis) sequoiarum Alexander 

Limnophila (Prionolabis) vancowerensis Alexander 

SYhfBOS: a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; g, gonapphysis; p, phallosome; t, 9th tergite; 

ovipositor, cercus


353 

I 

354 

G 

356 

G 

357 358 

360


Hexatomini; Genus Limnophila (Eloeophila, Ph ylidorea, 

and others)-Male Hypopygium 

Fig. 361 Limnophila (Eloeophila) aldrichi Alexander 

Fig. 362 Limnophila (Eloeophila) aleator Alexander 

Fig. 363 Limnophila (Eloeophila) angustior Alexander 

Fig. 364 Limnophila (Eloeophila) apiculata Alexander 

Fig. 365 Limnophila (Eloeophila) edentata Alexander 

Fig. 366 Limnophila (Eloeophila) modoc Alexander 

Fig. 367 Limnophila (Eloeophila) nupta Alexander 

Fig. 368 Limnophila (Eloeophila) superlineata Dome 

Fig. 369 Limnophila (Afrolimnophila) amabilis Alexander 

Fig. 370 Limnophila (Hesperolimnophila) nycteris Alexander 

Fig. 371 

Limnophila (Hesperolimnophila) rubida Alexander 

Fig. 372 Limnophila (Phylidorea) brevifilosa Alexander 

Fig. 373 Limnophila (Phylidorea) burdicki Alexander 

Fig. 374 Limnophila (Phylidorea) ffavapila Dome 

Fig. 375 Limnophila (Phylidorea) nevadensis Alexander 

Fig. 376 Limnophila (Brachylimnophila) occidens Alexander 

SYMBOLS: e, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; g, gonapophysis; p, phallosome; e, sternite; 

t, 9th tergite


362 

363 

P 

364 

P 

365 T 

" ... %c:. 

366 367 

368 

3 

371 

372 

373 

374 

375 

376


Eriopterini; Genera Lipsothrix, Gnophomyia, Gonomyia, 

Rhabdomastix, and Othe-Venation 

Fig. 377 

Fig. 378 

Fig. 379 

Fig. 380 

Fig. 381 

Fig. 382 

Fig. 383 

Fig. 384 

Fig. 385 

Fig. 386 

Fig. 387 

Fig. 388 

Fig. 389 

Fig. 390 

Fig. 391 

Fig. 392 

Fig. 393 

Fig. 394 

Fig. 395 

Fig. 396 

Neocladura americana (Alexander) 

Cladura oregona Alexander 

Neolimnophila ultima (Osten Sacken) 

Lipsothrix hynesiana Alexander 

Lipsothrix shasta Alexander 

Zdiognophomyia wmstocki (Alexander) 

Eugnophomyia apache (Alexander) 

Gnophomyia t d a e Alexander 

Teucholabis (Teucholabis) rubescens Alexander 



Gonomyia (Gonomyia) aciculifera Alexander 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) Aavibasis Alexander 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) perwmplexa Alexander 


Gonomyia (Pro&nomyia) hwperia Alexander 


Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) montiwla Alexander 

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) neolurida flaviventris Alexander 

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) californiensis Alexander

393 



i 

I 

! 

Eriopterini; Genera Lipsothrix, Gnophomyia, Gonomyia 

(Zdiocera), and Others-Male Hypopygium, Ovipositor 

Fig. 397 Neocladura ameriutna (Alexander) 

Fig. 398 Lipsothrix hynesiana Alexander 

Fig. 399 Zdiognophmyia wmstocki (Alexander) 

Fig. 400 Zdio&tophomyia wmstocki (Alexander); ovipositor 

Fig. 401 Eugnophmyia apache (Alexander) 

Fig. 402 Gnophomyia toschiae Alexander 

Fig. 403 

Fig. 404 

Fig. 405 

Fig. 406 

Fig. 407 

Fig. 408 

Fig. 409 

Teucholabis (Teucholabis) rubaxens Alexander 



Gonomyia (Zdiocera) wloradica Alexander 

Gonomyia (Zdiocera) gothicana Alexander 

Gonomyia (Idiocera) heteroclada Alexander 

Gonomyia (Zdiocera) leechi Alexander 

SYMBOLS: a, adeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phal~osome; f, 9th t@t8


398 

B 

405 

D 

407


Eriopterini; Genus Gonomyia (Zdiocera, Gonomyia+Male 

HypopygiUm 

Fig. 410 

Fig. 4 1 1 

Fig. 412 

Fig. 413 

Fig. 414 

Fig. 415 

Fig. 416 

Fig. 417 

Fig. 418 

Fig. 419 

Fig. 420 

Fig. 421 

SYMBOLS: 

Gonomyia (Zdiocera) lindseyi Alexander 

Gonomyia (Zdiwra) proserpina Alexander 

Gonomyia (Zdiocera) shannoni Alexander 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) aciculifera Alexander 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) bihamata Alexander 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) colei Alexander 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) flavibasis Alexander 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) harmstoni Alexander 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) paiuta Alexander 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) poliocephda Alexander 

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) spinifera Alexander 


a, adeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome


\ 410 

V 

411 

\- 

412 

'V' 414 

417

256 Bulletin of the California insect Survey 

Eriopterini; Various Genera, Gonomyia to Empedomorpha-Male Hypopygium 

Fig. 422 

Fig. 423 

Fig. 424 

Fig. 42 5 

Fig. 426 

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) fascigera Alexander 

Fig. 427 Hesperoconopa dolichophallus (Alexander) 

Fig. 428 Hesperomnopa melanderi (Alexander) 

Fig. 429 Gonempeda burra (Alexander) 

Fig. 430 

Fig. 43 1 

Fig. 432 

Gonomyia (Progonomyia) hesperia Alexander 



Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) retrorsa Alexander 

Gonomyodes (Gonomyodes) crickmeti (Alexander) 


Cheilotrichia (Cheilotrichia) alicia (Alexander) 

Fig. 433 Arctownopa cinctipennis (Alexander) 

Fig. 434 Empedomorpha empedoides (Alexander) 

SYMBOLS: a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome; t, 9th tergite



I 

Eriopterini; Genera Cryptolabis to Empedomorpha, 

Erioptera, Ormosia, Molophilus-Venation 

Fig. 435 

Fig. 436 

Fig. 437 

Fig. 438 

Fig. 439 

Fig. 440 

Fig. 441 

Fig. 442 

Fig. 443 

Fig. 444 

Fig. 445 

Fig. 446 

Fig. 447 

Fig. 448 

Fig. 449 

Fig. 450 

Fig. 451 

Fig. 452 

Fig. 453 

Fig. 454 

Fig. 455 

Fig. 456 


Hesperoconopa melanderi (Alexander) 

Gonempeda burra (Alexander) 

Gonomyodes (Gonomyodes) crickmeri (Alexander) 


Cheilotrichia (Cheilotrichia) alicia (Alexander) 

Cheilotrichia (Empeda) gloydae (Alexander) 

Arctoconopa cinctipennis (Alexander) 

Empedomorpha empedoides (Alexander), male 


Erioptera (Hoplolabis) bipartita Osten Sacken 

Erioptera (Mesocyphona) dulcis aten Sacken 

Erioptera (Mesocyphona) melanderiana Alexander 






Ormosia (Ormosia) wrnuta (Doane) 


Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus) subnuda (Alexander) 

Mo1ophi1us (Promolophilus) mdlardi Alexander


36 

38 

455 c


Eriopterini; Genus Erioptera-Male 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 457 

Fig. 458 

Fig. 459 

Fig. 460 

Fig. 461 

Fig. 462 

Fig. 463 

Fig. 464 

Fig. 465 

Fig. 466 

Fig. 467 

Fig. 468 

Fig. 469 

Fig. 470 

Fig. 471 



Erioptera (Erioptera) dyari Alexander 

Erioptera (Erioptera) oregonensis Alexander 


Erioptera (Erioptera) villosa Osten Sacken 

Erioptera (Hoplolabis) bipartita Osten Sacken 

Erioptera (Mesocyphona) dulcis Osten Sacken 

Erioptera (Psiloconopa) bispinigera Alexander 


Erioptera (Psiloconopa) laticeps Alexander 

Erioptera (Psiloconopa) margarita margarita Alexander 

Erioptera (Psiloconopa) margarita monoensis Alexander 

Erioptera (Psiloconopa) rainieria Alexander 

Erioptera (Psiloconopa) sparsa Alexander 

SYMBOLS: b, basiatyle; d, dististyle; p. phallosome; f, 9th tergite


467 

P


Eriopterini; Genus Ormosia-Male 

Hypopygium 

Fig. 472 

Fig. 473 

Fig. 474 

Fig. 475 

Fig. 476 

Fig. 477 

Fig. 478 

Fig. 479 

Fig. 480 

Fig. 481 

Fig. 482 

Fig. 483 

Fig. 484 


Ormosia (Rhypholophus) fumata (Doane) 

Ormosia (Parormosia) divergens (Coquillett ) 

Ormosia (Parormosia) fusiform's fusiformis (Doane) 

Ormosia (Parormosia) fusiform's viduata Alexander 


Ormosia (Ormosia) arnaudi Alexander 

Ormosia (Ormosia) bigladia Alexander 

Ormosia (Ormosia) brachyrhabda Alexander 

Ormosia (Ormosia) burneyana Alexander 

Ormosia (Ormosia) burneyensis Alexander 

Ormosia (Ormosia) cornuta (Doane) 

Ormosia (Ormosia) curvicornis Alexander 

SYMBOLS: a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; dJ dististyle; pJ phallosome; tJ 9th tergite 

!


47 2 

P 

483 ’ 484


Fig. 485 

Fig. 486 

Fig. 487 

Fig. 488 

Fig. 489 

Fig. 490 

Fig. 491 

Fig. 492 

Fig. 493 

Fig. 494 

Fig. 495 

Fig. 496 

Fig. 497 

Fig. 498 

Fig. 499 

Fig. 500 

Eriopterini; Genera Ormosia, Tasiocera- 

Male Hypopygium, Antenna 

Ormosia (Ormosia) dicera Alexander 

Ormosia (Ormosia) heptacantha Alexander 

Ormosia (Ormosia) hynesi Alexander 

Ormosia (Ormosia) legata Alexander 

Ormosia (Ormosia) leptorhabda Alexander 

Ormosia (Ormosia) manicata (Doane) 

Ormosia (Ormosia) nobilis Alexander 


Ormosia (Ormosia) pernodosa Alexander; antenna 

Ormosia (Ormosia) albertensis Alexander; antenna 

Ormosia (Ormosia) pleuracantha Alexander 

Ormosia (Ormosia) profunda Alexander 

Ormosia (Ormosia) tahoensis Alexander 

Ormosia (Ormosia) tricornis Alexander 

Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus) squiresi Alexander 

Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus) subnuda Alexander 

SYMBOLS: b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallwome; t, 9th tergite


493 494

266 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey t 

Eriopterini; Genus Molophilus-Male 

HypopygiUm 

Fig. 501 

Fig. 502 

Fig. 503 

Fig. 504 

Fig. 505 

Fig. 506 

Fig. 507 

Fig. 508 

Fig. 509 

Fig. 510 

Molophilus (Molophilus) arizonicus Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) fenderi Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) palomarims Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) stolidus Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) sequoiae Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) ursus Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) harrisoni Alexander 

Molophilus (Promolophilus) dirhaphis Alexander 

Molophilus (Promolophilus) millardi Alexander 

Molophilus (Promolophilus) nitidus Coquillett 

SYMBOLS: a, aedeagus; b, besistyle; d, dististyle; p, phalloclome; t, 9th tergite


D 

P 

503 

B 

508


Fig. 511 

Fig. 512 

Fig. 513 

Fig. 514 

Fig. 515 

Fig. 516 

Fig. 517 

Fig. 518 

Fig. 519 

Fig. 520 

Fig. 521 

Fig. 522 

Fig. 523 

Fig. 524 

Eriopte~, Genus Molophilu4--Male HvpopygiUm 

Molophilus (Molophilus) aspersulus Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) bispinosus Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) colonus Bergroth 

Molophilus (Molophilus) distilobahrs Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) falcatus Bergmth 

Molophilus (Molophilus) Bracilipes Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) oli&canthus Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) pertlaveolus Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) rainierensis Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) rostrifer Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) sackenianus Alexander; 

(from dried type, diagrammatic) 

Molophilus (Molophilus) spiculatus Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) squamosus Alexander 

Molophilus (Molophilus) unispiculatus Alexander 

SYMBOLS: a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome


522 

524

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