. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. north-western Tanzania, and south through the Kivu and the highlands west of Lake Tanganyika to Abercorn in Zambia. Although the ranges of citri- nelloides and frontalis approach each other both in eastern Uganda/western Kenya, and in Zambia/south-western Tanzania, there is no record of sympatry. Most authors have kept frontalis as a race of citrinelloides, but ] agree with Rand in considering it a separate species. In the western species capistratus, the males are identical in colour with those of frontalis, but easily separated by the short, st

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. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. north-western Tanzania, and south through the Kivu and the highlands west of Lake Tanganyika to Abercorn in Zambia. Although the ranges of citri- nelloides and frontalis approach each other both in eastern Uganda/western Kenya, and in Zambia/south-western Tanzania, there is no record of sympatry. Most authors have kept frontalis as a race of citrinelloides, but ] agree with Rand in considering it a separate species. In the western species capistratus, the males are identical in colour with those of frontalis, but easily separated by the short, stubby serin-like bill that characterizes the species. Females are normally coloured for the group, that is streaked below, unlike the females of frontalis. The ranges of capistratus and frontalis overlap at the north end of Lake Tanganyika, but as Chapin (1954: 608) points out, where they meet 'capistratus occupies the lowlands and frontalis is restricted to the mountains.' From Lake Tanganyika, the range of capistratus extends south to northern Zambia, and west to Gabon and Angola. The final species, koliensis, is the only one that is truly sympatric with any of the others. Its range extends from western Kenya, where it overlaps brittoni, through Uganda to the north of Lake Kivu; in the last two regions it is found with frontalis. Koliensis is characterized by its stout bill like capistratus, and by having the male streaked below like the female. It was not until 1952 that Grant and Mackworth-Praed formally described koliensis, as a race of capistratus. In this they were influenced by van Someren (1932: 329) who called his specimens S. capistratus subsp.; the main reason for suggesting this relationship was the stubby bill. Chapin (1954: 609) was the first to consider koliensis a distinct species. 30° 32° 34° 361 38°. Serinus citrinelloides kikuyuensis ⢠hypostictus A brittoni â Serinus koliensis A Serinus frontalis Serinus capistratus D Figure i. Map showing th