Epiphytic Black & White Stock Photos
RF2E4W3FN–Spanish moss on live oak in South Carolina Low Country at sunset - epiphyte Tillandsia usneoides - Deep South epiphytic plants - southern foliage
RM2B00REM–Sri Lanka: A Banyan tree in Kalutara bedecked with epiphytic lianas. Photograph by Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919), early 20th century. Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (February 16, 1834 – August 9, 1919), also written von Haeckel, was an eminent German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor and artist who discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many terms in biology, including anthropogeny, ecology, phylum, phylogeny, and the kingdom Protista.
RFT60HD8–Tree belonging to the epiphytic family of orchids, also featuring rich flowers, vintage line drawing or engraving illustration.
RFT5NHHF–A picture is showing an epiphytic ant plant also known as Myrmecodia pentasperma of the Bismarck Archipelago, vintage line drawing or engraving illust
RM2JKBPB4–This close-up of a bromeliad plant (Aechmea bromeliad) shows a new spiky flower emerging from the tank of a rosette of silvery grey, variegated leaves
RFT5YMMA–Platycerium is a genus of tropical Old World ferns that are mostly epiphytic and have large flat lobed fronds often resembling the antlers of a stag,
RFT5YM2N–Miltonia Warscewiczii is the species of Oncidium fuscatum, is a large sized, hot to cool growing epiphytic orchid found from Panama south to Peru, vin
RM2AWEMGD–Burma . with a frequent under-growth of cane-brake. This is the habitat ofseveral useful timber trees, thingdn, pyivima,These trees and their associates follow the banks of the small feeders into the hill-regions, or form an inter-mixture in the forest of evergreen trees which occupies the soles of ravines, abounding in lianas and epiphytic plants, with an undergrowth of musacece. Above this forest or the kwin, as the case may be, comes the zone of dry forest already described. Above the dry forest zone, but also at lower levels where the soil is volcanic (trap), comes the hill evergreen fores
RFT5NMN3–Swan orchid is spectacular. Cycnoches is a genus of Sympodial epiphytic orchids from Americas, growing in warm and hot climatic range, vintage line dr
RMB5WEKP–Ficus Benghalensis. Thimmamma Marrimanu banyan tree, Near Kadiri, Andhra Pradesh, India. South india's largest banyan tree. Black and white
RF2NEJ12G–Typical common tropical Spanish moss hanging on a tree branch in the jungle in a black and white monochrome.
RFM1E3R4–Birds nest fern (Asplenium australasicum) growingnear a forest path, Paluma, Queensland, Australia
RMPG2MP8–. The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;. Botany. ANGIOSPEEMyE, MONOCOTYLEDONES. 73r repetition is not needful here. The Monandrse may be divided into four tribes, the Ophrydece, Neottiece, Vandece, and EpidendrecB. The Ophrydece include most of the British and European Orchids, which are not. Fig 418 —Angrcecum ebumeum epiphytic on a tree trunk (Madagascar) epiphytes but terrestrial, with swollen tuberous roots, including Orchis, Ophrys,. Gymnadenia, Habenaria, and the South African Lisa. The NeottieoB also include some European forms, Cephalanther
RM2ANCEYJ–The encyclopdia britannica; a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information . ase with the lower lobe. The folding of one lobe againstanother assists in the retention of water. Pitcher-like structureshave arisen in different ways in a number of genera, and are especiallycommon in epiphytic forms (Frullania, Lepidolaena, Pleurozia).In some forms the leaves are finely divided, and along with the hair-like paraphyllia form a loose weft around the stem (Trichocolea).The rhizoids spring from the lower surface of the stem, and sometimesfrom the bases of the leaves. The branches
RMB5WA15–Ficus Benghalensis. Thimmamma Marrimanu banyan tree, Near Kadiri, Andhra Pradesh, India. South india's largest banyan tree. Black and white
RF2NEJ365–Typical common tropical Spanish moss hanging on a tree branch in the jungle in a black and white monochrome.
RMPG3Y24–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 226 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. The course of development in Eurotium and Penioilliimi may be described in the same words as in Erysiphe, making allowance for differences of form and for the circumstance that the species in the two last genera are not epiphytic parasites, but (for the most part) inhabit dead organic bodies; here too we find frequent absence of sporocarps where the vegetative conditions are not altogether favourable. The gonidiophores
RMRDGA6W–. The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;. Botany. ANGIOSPEEMyE, MONOCOTYLEDONES. 73r repetition is not needful here. The Monandrse may be divided into four tribes, the Ophrydece, Neottiece, Vandece, and EpidendrecB. The Ophrydece include most of the British and European Orchids, which are not. Fig 418 —Angrcecum ebumeum epiphytic on a tree trunk (Madagascar) epiphytes but terrestrial, with swollen tuberous roots, including Orchis, Ophrys,. Gymnadenia, Habenaria, and the South African Lisa. The NeottieoB also include some European forms, Cephalanther
RMB5W734–Ficus Benghalensis. Thimmamma Marrimanu banyan tree, Near Kadiri, Andhra Pradesh, India. South india's largest banyan tree. Black and white
RMPG46DM–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER VII.—PHENOMENA OF VEGETATION.—PARASITES. 361. spores; they appear in nature rather as epiphytic growths on the walls of cavities in the bodies of animals which are easily accessible from without, such as the passages of the ear and the bronchi. In most cases the spore of the parasite begins the emission of a germ-tube independently of the host, either after simple absorption of water or by appropriation at the same time of food-material produced outside the ho
RMRDCRY3–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 226 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. The course of development in Eurotium and Penioilliimi may be described in the same words as in Erysiphe, making allowance for differences of form and for the circumstance that the species in the two last genera are not epiphytic parasites, but (for the most part) inhabit dead organic bodies; here too we find frequent absence of sporocarps where the vegetative conditions are not altogether favourable. The gonidiophores
RMB5W5WH–Ficus Benghalensis. Thimmamma Marrimanu banyan tree, Near Kadiri, Andhra Pradesh, India. South india's largest banyan tree. Black and white
![. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 552 THE PATHOGENIC ALGAE. Mycoidaceae. Cephaleuros Mycoidea, Karsten^ {Mycoidea parasitica. Cunning.).^ This alga is epiphytic on the leaves of most trees and shrubs in the tropics. It varies considerably in its appear-. ">&> Fig. 328.—Cephaleuros Mycoidea. Section through the epidermis of a leaf of CaTntllia, showing the thallus-like disc with haustoria. (After Gxinningiiani.) ance, but generally for Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG3PW1/diseases-of-plants-induced-by-cryptogamic-parasites-introduction-to-the-study-of-pathogenic-fungi-slime-fungi-bacteria-amp-algae-plant-diseases-parasitic-plants-fungi-552-the-pathogenic-algae-mycoidaceae-cephaleuros-mycoidea-karsten-mycoidea-parasitica-cunning-this-alga-is-epiphytic-on-the-leaves-of-most-trees-and-shrubs-in-the-tropics-it-varies-considerably-in-its-appear-quotgtampgt-fig-328cephaleuros-mycoidea-section-through-the-epidermis-of-a-leaf-of-catntllia-showing-the-thallus-like-disc-with-haustoria-after-gxinningiiani-ance-but-generally-for-PG3PW1.jpg ". Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 552 THE PATHOGENIC ALGAE. Mycoidaceae. Cephaleuros Mycoidea, Karsten^ {Mycoidea parasitica. Cunning.).^ This alga is epiphytic on the leaves of most trees and shrubs in the tropics. It varies considerably in its appear-. ">&> Fig. 328.—Cephaleuros Mycoidea. Section through the epidermis of a leaf of CaTntllia, showing the thallus-like disc with haustoria. (After Gxinningiiani.) ance, but generally for Stock Photo")
RMPG3PW1–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 552 THE PATHOGENIC ALGAE. Mycoidaceae. Cephaleuros Mycoidea, Karsten^ {Mycoidea parasitica. Cunning.).^ This alga is epiphytic on the leaves of most trees and shrubs in the tropics. It varies considerably in its appear-. ">&> Fig. 328.—Cephaleuros Mycoidea. Section through the epidermis of a leaf of CaTntllia, showing the thallus-like disc with haustoria. (After Gxinningiiani.) ance, but generally for
RMRE1FTN–. The phanerogams of the Juan Fernandez Islands. Botany. 198 CAUL SKOTTSBERG authors have repeated this statement, adding their own reflections. I shall return to this question when dealing with my ecological observations: at present it suffices to tell that, in spite of the very special attention paid to this plant, of which I have seen much more than earlier visitors, I have been unable to discover a single case where an adult specimen was epiphytic. Once, two seedlings were observed on Thyrsopteris, but seedlings of Robinsonias as well as of Dendroseris micrantha are often found growing on
RMPG20Y9–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. LEAVES 615 Probably the most xerophytic of all plants are the crustose lichens (as £«(e«ia), which are either epiphytic or epilithic {i.e. growing on rocks), appearing embedded within the substratum. Most crustose lichens ab- sorb water chiefly through the upper surface, though some species have upper surfaces which are not readily wetted or which are covered with an impermeable crust. On dry rocks, at least, such plants absorb water chiefly during or immediately following precipitation, soon drying out again, and enter- ing a pe
RMRE0RW0–. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. 202 VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY One of the best known cases of symbiosis in the strict sense is that of the Lichens. These are lowly organisms which are epiphytic upon tree-trunks, old walls, rocks, and other supporting structures. They are composed always of two distinct plants, an Alga and a Fungus, which are closely united together to form a kind of thallus (fig. 97). The relative modes of arrangement differ in different species, and many algae and many fungi are found to be capable of entering into such an association. The advantages wh
RMPG0PE9–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 658 ECOLOGY Probably the absence of epiphytic seed plants and ferns in most dry and cold climates is due to the long period of excessive transpiration with little or no aerial absorption, characteristic of such climates. The most northern of such epiphytes in the eastern United States, Tillandsia usneoides (fig. 903) and Polypodium polypodioides, in their structural. Fig. 969. — Epiphytes on a live oak (Quercus virginiana), the dominating form being a species of Tillandsia; Miami, Fla. — Photograph by Meyers. features and life ha
RMRDY75G–. The families of flowering plants. Plants; Phanerogams. FAMILIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS. 43 of showy colors, and the inflorescence is rendered more conspicuous by the large and often brilliant floral bracts. Tillandsia is by far the largest genus, and the only one represented in the United States, al- though the long moss {^Tillandsia usneoides) is sometimes considered, and with good reason, the type of a distinct genus. All the Tilland- sias are epiphytic. Besides the pineapple (^Ananas Ananas) which is important as an article of diet, this family supplies several important fibre plants. Travel
RMPG218E–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. Fig. 730. —A cross section of an aerial absorptive root of a tropical epiphytic orchid, showing the velamen {v)^ the exodermis or outermost cortical layer (»), the main body of the cortex (c), tlie endodermis or inner- most layer of the cortex (w), and the con- ductive region (6). The velamen (v) repre- sents the epidermis, and is composed of dead cells, which, when dry, absorb water with great rapidity; considerably magnified. velamen, which usually is a num- ber of cells thick (fig. 730). At maturity the cells are dead and the
RMRDWMX5–. Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable physiology. Botany. THE ROOT. family of Epiphytic plants belongs the Tillandsia, or Long Moss, which, pendent in long and gray tangled clusters or festoons from the branches of the Live-Oak or Long-leaved Pine, gives such a peculiar and sombre aspect to the forests of the warmer portions of our Southern States. They are called Air-plants, in allusion to the source of their nourishment; and Epiphytes, from their grow- ing upon other plants, and in contradistinction to 150. Parasites, that not only grow upon other vegetables, but
RMPFW0P6–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. BLUE-GREEN ALGAE 107 24 (2) Cells epiphytic; with a distinct base and apex. Family Chamaesiphonaceae. Only one genus. . Chamaesiphon A. Braun and Grunow.. Cells small, ovoid, pyriform, or cylindrical; attached by their base and generally widening upwards to their free apex. Solitary or aggregated; sheaths present; cell walls very thin; cell contents homogeneous, blue- green, violet, or yellow; reproduction by one-celled, non-motile cells which are successively cut off from the upper portion of the plants, gradually escaping from the open apex. Common
RMRDTK1W–. Science of plant life, a high school botany treating of the plant and its relation to the environment. Botany. 190 Science of Plant Life plants on which they grow (page 249), but depend for their water upon the evenly- distributed rainfall and for their mineral substances upon dust and the decay of the bark on which they live. Epiphytes are pronounced xerophytes, for there is prob- ably no habitat in which it is more difficult to maintain a water balance than the one in which they live. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that among the epiphytic plants of the West Indies there are seve
RMPG152W–. Fossil plants : for students of botany and geology . Paleobotany. CYCADALES [CH. unusual (fig. 378; fig. 381, B). Many Cycads are geophilous and have short tuberous stems (figs. 383, 395, la; 396, E): the genus Zamia includes a few epiphytic forms'. The typical cycadean stem is covered with persistent petiole-bases with or without an admixture of smaller scale-leaf bases (figs. 379, 380), while in several species a transversely wrinkled or irregularly fissured periderm forms the superficial tissue (figs. 381, B; 383). The foliage-leaves are relatively large and, with the exception of the bip
RMRDCERY–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER VII.—PHENOMENA OF VEGETATION.—PARASITES. 361. spores; they appear in nature rather as epiphytic growths on the walls of cavities in the bodies of animals which are easily accessible from without, such as the passages of the ear and the bronchi. In most cases the spore of the parasite begins the emission of a germ-tube independently of the host, either after simple absorption of water or by appropriation at the same time of food-material produced outside the ho
RMPG15MT–. Fossil plants : for students of botany and geology . Paleobotany. 302 FILICALES [CH. differences in leaf-form are the expression of a physiological division of labour connected with an epiphytic existence. Some tropical species of Polypodium (sect. Drynaria), e.g. P. querci- folium (fig. 234 and fig. 231, D), produce two distinct types of leaf, the large green fronds, concerned with the assimilation of carbon and spore-production, being in sharp contrast to the small. Fio. 233. Poly-podium Billardieri Br. (J cat. size.) Middle Island, New Zealand. From specimens in the Cambridge Herbarium. s
RMRE1PRY–. A manual of Indian botany. Botany. 226 CLASSIFICATION plant grows. In other words, it is a typical xero- phyte. The spines also form a very effective defensive armature. Many Euphorbias have the habit of the Cactus, with which they are often confounded. In South India a Cactus has been naturalized known by the name of Cereus grandtflorus, which bears showy flowers, opening at night and adapted for pol- lination by night-roving insects. The spines are mostly modified shoots; the plants are mostly xerophytes, some are epiphytic. Closely allied to it is the Order Ficoidece, which are -succulent
RMPG1HTW–. Plants of New Zealand . Botany. 108 PLANTS OF NEW ZEALAND power of sucli cells is equal to tha.t of the best wrought iron or hannnered steel, while their ductility is from ten to fifteen times as great as that of iron. Moreover, such mechanical tissues a,re generally so arranged as to withstand the maximum amount of strain, though occupying the minimum amount of space m the leaf. Habitat : Both islands, and Norfolk Island. Fl. Nov.-Jan. P. Cool'ianum, a small species, is fomid in Ijotli islands on dry hill sides. It is occasionally epiphytic.. Fit,'. 29. Heri'nlirion No'ae-Zelandiae. G Hern
RMRDY62Y–. An introduction to the study of seaweeds. Algae. 220 SEAWEEDS closely allied genus Colacolepis is epiphytic on Phyl- lophora nervosa and Ph. rubens. It forms a small crust-like growth on the surface of its host, and is closely attached to its epidermal layer. It also is reproduced only by its tetraspores, so far as is known. The family of Ehodophyllklece is distinguished by. Fig. 68.—Euchevma gpinosum reduced. the gonimoblast being divided into a number of gonimolobes which radiate from the auxiliary cell in all directions. These gonimolobes stretch out separ- ately into the surrounding tiss
RMPG42KX–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 174 ASCOMYCETES. Sph. epilobii Lk. occurs on Epilohium (U.S. America). Sph. Niesslii Thiira. on Sorbus {Pyrus) Aria. Sph. pminosa C. et Pk. on Rhiis in America.. KR9Pp Fio. 71.—Sphaerotheca castagnei. Epiphytic mycelium on epidermis of S'piraea ULmaria. Three haustoria are embedded in epidermal cells. Two conidiophores are shown, from one of which a conidium has become detached. A hair of Spiraea is shown at one sid
RMRDYFR7–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. (2) JUNGERMANWIALES General character. â â This is by far the largest group of liverworts, its members living in all conditions of moisture from very wet to very dry. They are especially abundant in tropical forests, being very common on the bark of trees {epiphytic) and on leaves (epiphyllous), while some grow on the ground. Two great groups are recognized : (i) thallose forms, whose gametophyte body is a thallus resem- bling that of the Marchantiales in general outline (see fig. 777); (2) foliose forms, with leafy bodies (fig.
RMRDWRKC–. An introduction to the structure and reproduction of plants. Plant anatomy; Plants. AERIAL ROOTS 75 horizontally they rest on the side walls. Similar readily movable bodies (not always consisting of starch, however) have been found in herbaceous stems which are sensitive to gravity. Since detailed experiments have established that the stimiUus of gravity is most readily perceived in the root-tip,^ some Botanists. Fig. 33.—Transverse section through part of a root of an epiphytic Orchid (Dendrobiuin), showing the velamen {!'.). Co., cortex ; En., endo- dermis; Ex., exodermis ; P. and Pa., pas
RMRDTT6E–. The principles of botany, as exemplified in the phanerogamia. Botany; Botany; Phanerogams; 1854. APPENDAGES OF THE AXOPHYTE. 39 these aerial roots emitted from the stem into the open air, descend to the ground, and establish themselves in the soil. Many plants of tropical climates present this phenomena. Amongst which we may mention the Ficus religiosa, or rig. 10.. An Epiphytic orchid (Maxillaria) of warm climates. Banyan tree of British India. This tree drops from its hori- zontal branches, roots into the air, which, swinging in the breeze like pendant cords, do finally reach the soil, int
RMRDXP28–. An introduction to the study of seaweeds. Algae. PiG. IS.—a, Admocystis Leiimii reducetl one-half; b, cryptostoma from centre of sora.s of sporangia highly magnifleil. narmcece for Chorda, unless Mr. Buffham's discovery of plurilocular sporangia in association with it should prove to be well established, and not a case of an epiphytic Alga. In that case Chmrla would have to go. The cryptostomata with septate paraphyses which occur, as mentioned above, in certain genera resemble in appearance, though not in mode of development, the conceptacles oiSplachnidium. Only in Adenocystis which in oth
RMRDH02W–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. LEAVES 615 Probably the most xerophytic of all plants are the crustose lichens (as £«(e«ia), which are either epiphytic or epilithic {i.e. growing on rocks), appearing embedded within the substratum. Most crustose lichens ab- sorb water chiefly through the upper surface, though some species have upper surfaces which are not readily wetted or which are covered with an impermeable crust. On dry rocks, at least, such plants absorb water chiefly during or immediately following precipitation, soon drying out again, and enter- ing a pe
RMRDYFRC–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. BRYOPHYTES lOI. (2) JUNGERMANWIALES General character. â â This is by far the largest group of liverworts, its members living in all conditions of moisture from very wet to very dry. They are especially abundant in tropical forests, being very common on the bark of trees {epiphytic) and on leaves (epiphyllous), while some grow on the ground. Two great groups are recognized : (i) thallose forms, whose gametophyte body is a thallus resem- bling that of the Marchantiales in general outline (see fig. 777); (2) foliose forms, with lea
![. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 552 THE PATHOGENIC ALGAE. Mycoidaceae. Cephaleuros Mycoidea, Karsten^ {Mycoidea parasitica. Cunning.).^ This alga is epiphytic on the leaves of most trees and shrubs in the tropics. It varies considerably in its appear-. ">&> Fig. 328.—Cephaleuros Mycoidea. Section through the epidermis of a leaf of CaTntllia, showing the thallus-like disc with haustoria. (After Gxinningiiani.) ance, but generally for Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDCXM7/diseases-of-plants-induced-by-cryptogamic-parasites-introduction-to-the-study-of-pathogenic-fungi-slime-fungi-bacteria-amp-algae-plant-diseases-parasitic-plants-fungi-552-the-pathogenic-algae-mycoidaceae-cephaleuros-mycoidea-karsten-mycoidea-parasitica-cunning-this-alga-is-epiphytic-on-the-leaves-of-most-trees-and-shrubs-in-the-tropics-it-varies-considerably-in-its-appear-quotgtampgt-fig-328cephaleuros-mycoidea-section-through-the-epidermis-of-a-leaf-of-catntllia-showing-the-thallus-like-disc-with-haustoria-after-gxinningiiani-ance-but-generally-for-RDCXM7.jpg ". Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 552 THE PATHOGENIC ALGAE. Mycoidaceae. Cephaleuros Mycoidea, Karsten^ {Mycoidea parasitica. Cunning.).^ This alga is epiphytic on the leaves of most trees and shrubs in the tropics. It varies considerably in its appear-. ">&> Fig. 328.—Cephaleuros Mycoidea. Section through the epidermis of a leaf of CaTntllia, showing the thallus-like disc with haustoria. (After Gxinningiiani.) ance, but generally for Stock Photo")
RMRDCXM7–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 552 THE PATHOGENIC ALGAE. Mycoidaceae. Cephaleuros Mycoidea, Karsten^ {Mycoidea parasitica. Cunning.).^ This alga is epiphytic on the leaves of most trees and shrubs in the tropics. It varies considerably in its appear-. ">&> Fig. 328.—Cephaleuros Mycoidea. Section through the epidermis of a leaf of CaTntllia, showing the thallus-like disc with haustoria. (After Gxinningiiani.) ance, but generally for
RMRDYHMA–. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. 196 VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY sitism. Others speak of reciprocal and antagonistic sym- biosis, to indicate these two different kinds of association. One of the best known cases of symbiosis in the strict sense is that of the Lichens. These are lowly organisms which are epiphytic upon tree trunks, old walls, rocks, and other supporting structures. They are composed always of two distinct plants, an Alga and a Fungus, which are closely united together to form a kind of thallus (fig. 97). The relative modes of arrangement differ in different
RMRDNEHC–. The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;. Botany. ABSORPTION OF WATER BY EPIPHYTES. 221 in a detachment of the most superficial parts of the bark, but not of the tubular cells. Now, if a root, after having sent out cells of this kind which contract an organic union with the substratum, reaches into the open, beyond the limit of the. Fig. 50.—Aerial Hoots of an Orchid epiphytic upon the bark oi the branch of a tree. substratum, it immediately ceases to develop clamp-cells, loses its ligulate shape, and hangs down from the tree in the form of a sinuou
RMRDGYP6–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 658 ECOLOGY Probably the absence of epiphytic seed plants and ferns in most dry and cold climates is due to the long period of excessive transpiration with little or no aerial absorption, characteristic of such climates. The most northern of such epiphytes in the eastern United States, Tillandsia usneoides (fig. 903) and Polypodium polypodioides, in their structural. Fig. 969. — Epiphytes on a live oak (Quercus virginiana), the dominating form being a species of Tillandsia; Miami, Fla. — Photograph by Meyers. features and life ha
RMRDH0Y0–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. Fig. 730. —A cross section of an aerial absorptive root of a tropical epiphytic orchid, showing the velamen {v)^ the exodermis or outermost cortical layer (»), the main body of the cortex (c), tlie endodermis or inner- most layer of the cortex (w), and the con- ductive region (6). The velamen (v) repre- sents the epidermis, and is composed of dead cells, which, when dry, absorb water with great rapidity; considerably magnified. velamen, which usually is a num- ber of cells thick (fig. 730). At maturity the cells are dead and the
RMRDB7NT–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. BLUE-GREEN ALGAE 107 24 (2) Cells epiphytic; with a distinct base and apex. Family Chamaesiphonaceae. Only one genus. . Chamaesiphon A. Braun and Grunow.. Cells small, ovoid, pyriform, or cylindrical; attached by their base and generally widening upwards to their free apex. Solitary or aggregated; sheaths present; cell walls very thin; cell contents homogeneous, blue- green, violet, or yellow; reproduction by one-celled, non-motile cells which are successively cut off from the upper portion of the plants, gradually escaping from the open apex. Common
RMRDY6RE–. Botany of the living plant. Botany. 366 BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT clearly two-kibecl, and the lobes are often unequal (Fig. 310, A). Some- times a lobe may become highlyspecialised, as in Fndlania (Fig. 310, B), where that which is downward-directed develops as a wator-sac, or pitcher, effective in collecting and holding water in this epiphytic or rock-dwelUng genus. On the other hand, in Trichocolea the leaves may be divided into narrow laciniae, which collectively hold water as in a sponge. Thus it appears that there is a wide scale of adaptation. Please note that these images are extract
RMRE1RWY–. A manual of Indian botany. Botany. INTRODUCtlOiSr 5 plants. Gaja-pipul {Scindapsus officinalis) (see fig. 267) is another good example of an epiphyte. It is terrestrial to begin with, but subsequently becomes detached from the soil and becomes wholly epiphytic. Several species of Ferns and Mosses also are epi- phytes. As examples of parasites may be mentioned alak- lata or haldi-algusi or Dodder (Cuscutd) (fig; 4), a thin, wiry, leaf- less plant, of whitish- yellow colour, often seen twining upon other plants and kill- ing them by its luxuri- ant growth. It is also terrestrial to begin with,
![. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. ORGHIDALES. 469 the minute seeds containing a rudimentary embryo and no endosperm. Order Apostasiacese, a small order of East Indian plants, which are Interesting because of their evident relationship to tlie S ^. Orchids, from which they ''^ /" . >*'^n differ in having the style partially free from the sta- mens. Order Orchidacese. — The Orchids. Terrestrial or epiphytic plants, whose stamens and style are com- pletely united into a com- mon column or gynoste- mium. The three thousand species are found in ''all climates and in all situ Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDTTRP/botany-for-high-schools-and-colleges-botany-orghidales-469-the-minute-seeds-containing-a-rudimentary-embryo-and-no-endosperm-order-apostasiacese-a-small-order-of-east-indian-plants-which-are-interesting-because-of-their-evident-relationship-to-tlie-s-orchids-from-which-they-quot-gtn-differ-in-having-the-style-partially-free-from-the-sta-mens-order-orchidacese-the-orchids-terrestrial-or-epiphytic-plants-whose-stamens-and-style-are-com-pletely-united-into-a-com-mon-column-or-gynoste-mium-the-three-thousand-species-are-found-in-all-climates-and-in-all-situ-RDTTRP.jpg ". Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. ORGHIDALES. 469 the minute seeds containing a rudimentary embryo and no endosperm. Order Apostasiacese, a small order of East Indian plants, which are Interesting because of their evident relationship to tlie S ^. Orchids, from which they ''^ /" . >*'^n differ in having the style partially free from the sta- mens. Order Orchidacese. — The Orchids. Terrestrial or epiphytic plants, whose stamens and style are com- pletely united into a com- mon column or gynoste- mium. The three thousand species are found in ''all climates and in all situ Stock Photo")
RMRDTTRP–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. ORGHIDALES. 469 the minute seeds containing a rudimentary embryo and no endosperm. Order Apostasiacese, a small order of East Indian plants, which are Interesting because of their evident relationship to tlie S ^. Orchids, from which they ''^ /" . >*'^n differ in having the style partially free from the sta- mens. Order Orchidacese. — The Orchids. Terrestrial or epiphytic plants, whose stamens and style are com- pletely united into a com- mon column or gynoste- mium. The three thousand species are found in ''all climates and in all situ
RMRDXP17–. An introduction to the study of seaweeds. Algae. 96 SEAWEEDS on its characters as on those allied groups, will no doubt better assure its position here or elsewhere. Its species are epiphytic on other Algae and show small differentiation as regards the thallus. M.. Fic. 23!—Myriotricliia elavrpformU. a, plant with sporangia, magnified : 6, part of same, more highly magnified ; c, plurilocular sporangia. (After X. KarsakofT.) davcrformis, which grows on Scylosiphon, is a small filamentous Alga, densely clothed with branches and hairs above, while remaining simple below. It con- sists at first
![. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. OBCHIDALES. 469 the minute seeds containing a rudimentary embryo and no endosperm. Order Apostasiacese, a small order of East Indian plants, which are Interesting because of their evident relationship to the B ^^ ^ -" Orchids, from which they aJ^^/ , >?<^^ differ in having the style partially free from the sta- mens. Order Orchidacese. — The Orchids. Terrestrial or epiphytic plants, whose stamens and style are com- pletely united into a com- mon column or gynoate- mium. The three thousand species are found in " all climates and in Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDW9DH/botany-for-high-schools-and-colleges-botany-obchidales-469-the-minute-seeds-containing-a-rudimentary-embryo-and-no-endosperm-order-apostasiacese-a-small-order-of-east-indian-plants-which-are-interesting-because-of-their-evident-relationship-to-the-b-quot-orchids-from-which-they-aj-gtlt-differ-in-having-the-style-partially-free-from-the-sta-mens-order-orchidacese-the-orchids-terrestrial-or-epiphytic-plants-whose-stamens-and-style-are-com-pletely-united-into-a-com-mon-column-or-gynoate-mium-the-three-thousand-species-are-found-in-quot-all-climates-and-in-RDW9DH.jpg ". Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. OBCHIDALES. 469 the minute seeds containing a rudimentary embryo and no endosperm. Order Apostasiacese, a small order of East Indian plants, which are Interesting because of their evident relationship to the B ^^ ^ -" Orchids, from which they aJ^^/ , >?<^^ differ in having the style partially free from the sta- mens. Order Orchidacese. — The Orchids. Terrestrial or epiphytic plants, whose stamens and style are com- pletely united into a com- mon column or gynoate- mium. The three thousand species are found in " all climates and in Stock Photo")
RMRDW9DH–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. OBCHIDALES. 469 the minute seeds containing a rudimentary embryo and no endosperm. Order Apostasiacese, a small order of East Indian plants, which are Interesting because of their evident relationship to the B ^^ ^ -" Orchids, from which they aJ^^/ , >?<^^ differ in having the style partially free from the sta- mens. Order Orchidacese. — The Orchids. Terrestrial or epiphytic plants, whose stamens and style are com- pletely united into a com- mon column or gynoate- mium. The three thousand species are found in " all climates and in
RMRE3AP1–. Introduction to botany. Botany. FOODS IX PLAXTS 49. Fig. 31. Spanish moss, an epiphytic flowering plant These plants often grow in large numbers upon the branches of trees in the southern ijart of the United States 4. Parasites, or plants which live upon other livmg plants or animals (known as host plants or animals). 5. Carnivorous plants, or those Avhich capture small animals, such as insects, and live wholly or partly upon them.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these i
RMRDTGKM–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 423 organ is the most striking feature of the orchid and it assumes an almost endless variety of forms and colorations, being a good illustration of Wallace's law that the most highly modified part shows the greatest variation in coloration. In Cypripedium (Fig. 292, A) the labellum assumes the form of a moccasin, in other genera it resembles a vase, boat, tongue, body of insect, etc. It. Fig. 291. An epiphytic orchid growing upon the branch of a tree. The coarse roots, r, are surrounded by a mantle of cells which takes up the m
RMRDFE8C–. Fossil plants : for students of botany and geology . Paleobotany. CYCADALES [CH. unusual (fig. 378; fig. 381, B). Many Cycads are geophilous and have short tuberous stems (figs. 383, 395, la; 396, E): the genus Zamia includes a few epiphytic forms'. The typical cycadean stem is covered with persistent petiole-bases with or without an admixture of smaller scale-leaf bases (figs. 379, 380), while in several species a transversely wrinkled or irregularly fissured periderm forms the superficial tissue (figs. 381, B; 383). The foliage-leaves are relatively large and, with the exception of the bip
RMRDBBN4–. Fossil plants : for students of botany and geology . Paleobotany. 302 FILICALES [CH. differences in leaf-form are the expression of a physiological division of labour connected with an epiphytic existence. Some tropical species of Polypodium (sect. Drynaria), e.g. P. querci- folium (fig. 234 and fig. 231, D), produce two distinct types of leaf, the large green fronds, concerned with the assimilation of carbon and spore-production, being in sharp contrast to the small. Fio. 233. Poly-podium Billardieri Br. (J cat. size.) Middle Island, New Zealand. From specimens in the Cambridge Herbarium. s
RMRE1M36–. A manual of botany. Botany. Fuj. 50. Climbing stem of the l7y. fl, a. Aerial roots.. Fig. 52. Twining stem of a species of Convoloitlu.s. Fig. 51. Twining stem of Honeysuclde. Forms of Stem axd Branchi-.s.—The stem is usually more or less cylindrical, though this is far from universal. In many herbaceous plants it becomes angular, and in some, particularly in those of certain natural orders, as the Oactacese, Orohidaceie, Euphorbiacese, &c., it assumes a variety of anomalous forms. Thus in many epiphytic Orchids it becomes more or less oval or rounded, and has received the name of pseudo
RMRDWCNC–. Plants and their ways in South Africa. Botany; Botany. Classification of Plants 277 There are two species: in B. p€cliuata^ R. Br., the lashes are pointed and curve downward; in the rarer species, B. Etlialw, Bolus, they curve upward, adn each is tipped by a tiny knob. The solitary flowers are white,. Fig. 249.—Polvstachya Olloniaiia, Reichb., an epiphytic genus w ith tuberi- fonn stem bases. The floers are j'ellow. delicately tinged with purple. Leaf solitary, radical, flat on the soil. B. pectinata, R. Br., extends from the Cape peninsula to Grahamstown. Flowering in November and Deccinb
RMRE2NJD–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. Fig. 370.—SpiniUna ientdssiina Ktz. (X 400). (After Cooke. J Fig. 371.—Lyngbya tEstitarii Liebm. (x 230). (After Hauck.) division, the usual number in each coccogone being four, eight, or sixteen. Clastidium (Jahrhft. vaterl. Naturk. Wiirtemberg, 1880, p. 135) is characterised by each filament having a terminal bristle. Dermocapsa and Xenococcus are epiphytic on Catenella, Lyngbya, and other marine algae. The former genus has been placed among both Florideae and Fucaceae, owing to its mode of propagation ; D. violacea (Crouan) has a bright red co
RMRD9N14–. Plants of New Zealand . Botany. 108 PLANTS OF NEW ZEALAND power of sucli cells is equal to tha.t of the best wrought iron or hannnered steel, while their ductility is from ten to fifteen times as great as that of iron. Moreover, such mechanical tissues a,re generally so arranged as to withstand the maximum amount of strain, though occupying the minimum amount of space m the leaf. Habitat : Both islands, and Norfolk Island. Fl. Nov.-Jan. P. Cool'ianum, a small species, is fomid in Ijotli islands on dry hill sides. It is occasionally epiphytic.. Fit,'. 29. Heri'nlirion No'ae-Zelandiae. G Hern
![. Plants and their ways in South Africa. Botany; Botany. Fig. 248.—I. Floral Diagram of Disa. (From Edmonds and Marloth's ** Elementary Botany for South Africa ".} II. Pollen masses of an orchid joined with caudicles to a smgle gland. (F""rom Thomi^ and Bennett's " Structural and Physiological Botany".) Key to Some of the Larger Genera of Orchids. A. Anthers lid-like. B. Pollen masses 2-8, waxy. Not joined to a gland of the rostellum. Petals linear; lip entire; terrestrial or epiphytic. Pollinia 4 . BB. Pollen masses waxy, stalk united to a gland of the rostellum. C. L Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDWCNF/plants-and-their-ways-in-south-africa-botany-botany-fig-248i-floral-diagram-of-disa-from-edmonds-and-marloths-elementary-botany-for-south-africa-quot-ii-pollen-masses-of-an-orchid-joined-with-caudicles-to-a-smgle-gland-fquotquotrom-thomi-and-bennetts-quot-structural-and-physiological-botanyquot-key-to-some-of-the-larger-genera-of-orchids-a-anthers-lid-like-b-pollen-masses-2-8-waxy-not-joined-to-a-gland-of-the-rostellum-petals-linear-lip-entire-terrestrial-or-epiphytic-pollinia-4-bb-pollen-masses-waxy-stalk-united-to-a-gland-of-the-rostellum-c-l-RDWCNF.jpg ". Plants and their ways in South Africa. Botany; Botany. Fig. 248.—I. Floral Diagram of Disa. (From Edmonds and Marloth's ** Elementary Botany for South Africa ".} II. Pollen masses of an orchid joined with caudicles to a smgle gland. (F""rom Thomi^ and Bennett's " Structural and Physiological Botany".) Key to Some of the Larger Genera of Orchids. A. Anthers lid-like. B. Pollen masses 2-8, waxy. Not joined to a gland of the rostellum. Petals linear; lip entire; terrestrial or epiphytic. Pollinia 4 . BB. Pollen masses waxy, stalk united to a gland of the rostellum. C. L Stock Photo")
RMRDWCNF–. Plants and their ways in South Africa. Botany; Botany. Fig. 248.—I. Floral Diagram of Disa. (From Edmonds and Marloth's ** Elementary Botany for South Africa ".} II. Pollen masses of an orchid joined with caudicles to a smgle gland. (F""rom Thomi^ and Bennett's " Structural and Physiological Botany".) Key to Some of the Larger Genera of Orchids. A. Anthers lid-like. B. Pollen masses 2-8, waxy. Not joined to a gland of the rostellum. Petals linear; lip entire; terrestrial or epiphytic. Pollinia 4 . BB. Pollen masses waxy, stalk united to a gland of the rostellum. C. L
![. Plants; a text-book of botany. Botany. 132 PLANT STKDCTUKES Under certain other conditions prothallia are observed to sprout directly from the leafy sporophyte instead of from a spore. This is called apospory, meaning " without a spore." 78. The gametophyte.—The prothallium, like a simple liverwort, is a dorsiventral body, and puts out numerous. Fig. 112. Stag-horn fern {Platycerium grande), an epiphytic tropical form, showing the two forme of leaves : a and 6, young sterile leaves ; c, leaves bearing spo- rangia ; d, an old sterile leaf.—Caldwell. rhizoids from its ventral surface Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDPRCY/plants-a-text-book-of-botany-botany-132-plant-stkdctukes-under-certain-other-conditions-prothallia-are-observed-to-sprout-directly-from-the-leafy-sporophyte-instead-of-from-a-spore-this-is-called-apospory-meaning-quot-without-a-sporequot-78-the-gametophytethe-prothallium-like-a-simple-liverwort-is-a-dorsiventral-body-and-puts-out-numerous-fig-112-stag-horn-fern-platycerium-grande-an-epiphytic-tropical-form-showing-the-two-forme-of-leaves-a-and-6-young-sterile-leaves-c-leaves-bearing-spo-rangia-d-an-old-sterile-leafcaldwell-rhizoids-from-its-ventral-surface-RDPRCY.jpg ". Plants; a text-book of botany. Botany. 132 PLANT STKDCTUKES Under certain other conditions prothallia are observed to sprout directly from the leafy sporophyte instead of from a spore. This is called apospory, meaning " without a spore." 78. The gametophyte.—The prothallium, like a simple liverwort, is a dorsiventral body, and puts out numerous. Fig. 112. Stag-horn fern {Platycerium grande), an epiphytic tropical form, showing the two forme of leaves : a and 6, young sterile leaves ; c, leaves bearing spo- rangia ; d, an old sterile leaf.—Caldwell. rhizoids from its ventral surface Stock Photo")
RMRDPRCY–. Plants; a text-book of botany. Botany. 132 PLANT STKDCTUKES Under certain other conditions prothallia are observed to sprout directly from the leafy sporophyte instead of from a spore. This is called apospory, meaning " without a spore." 78. The gametophyte.—The prothallium, like a simple liverwort, is a dorsiventral body, and puts out numerous. Fig. 112. Stag-horn fern {Platycerium grande), an epiphytic tropical form, showing the two forme of leaves : a and 6, young sterile leaves ; c, leaves bearing spo- rangia ; d, an old sterile leaf.—Caldwell. rhizoids from its ventral surface
RMRDC286–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 174 ASCOMYCETES. Sph. epilobii Lk. occurs on Epilohium (U.S. America). Sph. Niesslii Thiira. on Sorbus {Pyrus) Aria. Sph. pminosa C. et Pk. on Rhiis in America.. KR9Pp Fio. 71.—Sphaerotheca castagnei. Epiphytic mycelium on epidermis of S'piraea ULmaria. Three haustoria are embedded in epidermal cells. Two conidiophores are shown, from one of which a conidium has become detached. A hair of Spiraea is shown at one sid
RMRE1H41–. The ferns of Bombay. Ferns. 35. Peranema cyatheoides Don. Stipes scaly. Fronds 4-6 feet long, decom- pound, ultimate pinnules sessile, linear oblong, cut down deeply into narrow segments having a wavy or crenate margin. Rachis and costa of the segments scaly or hairy. [Fig. g.J Distribution: Bombay Presidency^—In shady places at Mahablesh- war. Nepal and Bhotan, 6,000-10,000 feet; Khasya, 4,500-6,000 feet; Anamalais, 6,000 feet. Tribe III.—HYMENOPHYLLEiE Sporangia globose or ovate, furnished with a transverse ring ; indusium inferior, two-valved or tubular. Filmy ferns, usually epiphytic in
RMRE0N2J–. A manual of botany. Botany. GENERAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE PLANT 25 because they commonly grow upon other plants. They have frequently also small roots of the ordinary type, which penetrate into cracks or crannies in the bark of the supporting plant, from which they absorb small quantities of food from the debris which accumulates there. Many of the tropical Orchids [fig. 33) and Tillandsias afford us illustrations of epiphytic plants. The aerial roots of such plants are frequently green and serve as organs of assimilation. The aerial roots of Orchids have also a layer of usually very delicate fi
RMRE0P97–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 423 organ is the most striking feature of the orchid and it assumes an almost endless variety of forms and colorations, being a good illustration of Wallace's law that the most highly modified part shows the greatest variation in coloration. In Cypripedium (Fig. 292, A) the labellum assumes the form of a moccasin, in other genera it resembles a vase, boat, tongue, body of insect, etc. It. Fig. 291. An epiphytic orchid growing upon the branch of a tree. The coarse roots, r, are surrounded by a mantle of cells which takes up the m
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