. 10 cm (from Fischer 1978) Common Name: southern flounder Scientific Name: Paralichthys lethostigma Other Common Names: mud flounder, doormat, hali- but (Reagan and Wingo 1985); southern large floun- der, fluke (Gilbert 1986), cardeau de Floride (French), lenguado de Florida (Spanish) (Fischer 1978, NOAA 1985), saddleblanket. Classification (Robins et al. 1991) Phylum: Chordata Class: Osteichthyes Order: Pleuronectiformes Family: Bothidae Value Commercial: In 1992, U.S. commercial fishery land- ings for flounders were fifth in quantity and eighth in value (O'Bannon 1994). Flounder landings in

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. 10 cm (from Fischer 1978) Common Name: southern flounder Scientific Name: Paralichthys lethostigma Other Common Names: mud flounder, doormat, hali- but (Reagan and Wingo 1985); southern large floun- der, fluke (Gilbert 1986), cardeau de Floride (French), lenguado de Florida (Spanish) (Fischer 1978, NOAA 1985), saddleblanket. Classification (Robins et al. 1991) Phylum: Chordata Class: Osteichthyes Order: Pleuronectiformes Family: Bothidae Value Commercial: In 1992, U.S. commercial fishery land- ings for flounders were fifth in quantity and eighth in value (O'Bannon 1994). Flounder landings in the Atlantic and Gulf for the group that includes this spe- cies totaled 7, 098 mt and were valued at nearly 23 million dollars. The southern flounder is fished com- mercially throughout its range. Landing data are often grouped with two other species (Paralichthys albigutta and P. dentatus), making the relative importance of each species difficult to ascertain. In Texas, southern flounder account for most of the flounder caught. In the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, most of the southern flounder catch is landed incidentally in commercial shrimp trawls. In 1992, approximately 451.8 mt of flounders were landed in Texas and Louisiana with a value of over $1.2 million. Most fish are taken by otter trawls, fyke nets, weirs, fish traps, pound nets, gill nets, trammel nets, beach seines, trotlines, and gigging (Ginsburg 1952, Fischer 1978, Manooch 1984, Gilbert 1986, Matlock 1991, Newlin 1993, Hightower pers. comm.). Gill and trammel nets were outlawed in Texas waters in 1988. This fish is marketed mostly as fresh product and is used primarily as table fare (Fischer 1978, Matlock 1991). Recreational: The southern flounder is a popular rec- reational species throughout its range (Shipp 1978). Fish are taken by hook and line and by gigging in shallow waters at night (Warlen 1975, Manooch 1984). In 1991, recreational landings of southern flounder along the Gulf coast states (except Texas)