. Foundry practice; a treatise on molding and casting in their various details. Fig. 82. The vessels in which the molten iron is handled arecalled ladles. They are generally divided into fourclasses. Hand ladles shown in Fig. 81 are handled bvone man and hold up to 50 pounds of iron. The bullladles are those having a double shank and are carried bytwo or more men. Such a ladle is shown in Fig. 82 CUPOLAS, BLOWERS, AND MELTING FURNACES 167 with the bail removed, or, similarly in Fig. in, havingthe straight shank on one side. These ladles hold from75 to 350 pounds of iron. The crane ladles are a

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. Foundry practice; a treatise on molding and casting in their various details. Fig. 82. The vessels in which the molten iron is handled arecalled ladles. They are generally divided into fourclasses. Hand ladles shown in Fig. 81 are handled bvone man and hold up to 50 pounds of iron. The bullladles are those having a double shank and are carried bytwo or more men. Such a ladle is shown in Fig. 82 CUPOLAS, BLOWERS, AND MELTING FURNACES 167 with the bail removed, or, similarly in Fig. in, havingthe straight shank on one side. These ladles hold from75 to 350 pounds of iron. The crane ladles are all thosehandled by use of the crane. There are two generaltypes, those having the fixed shank with bail, as in Fig.82, and those having the gearing, as in Fig. 83. Thefourth type of ladle is used only in special places where. Fig. 83. suited for such use. These are mounted on wheels andare known as truck or car ladles, as shown in Fig. 84.They are used for delivering the iron from the cupolato a crane ladle or to the floors where it is to be poured. The ladle is made of sheet iron riveted together, andmust be lined with clay or fire-brick to withstand theheat. The clay used may be about one part sharpsand to four parts pure clay. When the clay itself con-tains sand, the sharp sand may be reduced. The linng i68 FOUNDRY PRACTICE is put on evenly from one half to three quarters inchthick and dried. The cracks are filled with thin clay