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RMRE4DT9–. Birds. Birds. Syrinx of a Magpie *, showing the Acromyodian attachment of the intrinsic muscles at the ends of the bronchial semi-rings. The left-hand figure ia a side view and the right-hand figure a dorsal Tiew of the syrinx. The membranous parts between the bronchial semi-rings and the internal tympaniform mem- brane are dotted ; ii, iii are the second and third bronchial semi-rings ; T.i, the internal tympaniform membrane; si, the muscle irom the side of the trachea to the upper end of the clavicle; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 the syringeal muscles; there is a 7th, which is hidden by the 6th ; the
RMRE4DH7–. Birds. Birds. 196 CEATBEOPODID^. this genus, and five others which have been usually placed in Maladas. I cannot find a single character by which to separate the above two genera, and I accordingly join them together. In Lioptila the bill is similar to that of Ixojps, but rather more slender; the nostrils are long, and covered by a long membrane; the rictal bristles are fairly long, and the crest is more or less well developed in all the species. The tail is considerably longer than the wing and well-graduated, the outer feather reaching a little beyond the middle of the tail. Key to the Spe
RMRE4D5Y–. Birds. Birds. 96 â PHASIANID^. Key to the Species. (Males only.) a. Lower back white, rump purple L. refiOgms, p. 96. h. No white on back or rum^ L. impeyanus,^. 97. Lower back and rump white -^. sdaten, p. 98. c, 1342. lophophorus refnlgens. The Mmdl. Lophophoms refnlgens, Temm. Pig. et Gall, ii, p. 355 (1813) ; iij, p. 673», OgUvie Grant, Cat. B. M. xxii, p. 278. t> (z « Lophophorus impeyanus, a'pud Blyth, Cat. p. 246; Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 500; MitcheU, ibid. p. 545, pis. 147 (young), 149, fig. 5 i&ors): Jerdon, B. I. iii, p. 510 ; Stoliezka, J. A. S. B. xxxvu,pt. 2, p. 67 ; B
RMRE4DPA–. Birds. Birds. XJEOCISSA. 25 This species is spread over a considerable portion of the Northern hemisphere. Habits, d/-c. The Magpie is found in well-wooded parts of the country and near cultivation, and is said by Biddulph to be at all times common in Kashmir. He found two nests in May in that country. The nest is a large domed structure of sticks built in a tree or bush, and the eggs, usually five in number, are greenish marked with umber and sepia-brown and measure 1'25 by '97. 11. Pica bottanensis. The Blach-rumped Magpie. Pica bottanensis, Dekss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 100; Blyth, Cat. p. 9
![. Birds. Birds. 10 BFBYLjEMIDJE. p. 311; id. Cat. p. 196; id. Birds Burm. p. 125 ; Horsf. Sr .M. Cat. i, p. 119 ; Jerd. B. I. i, p. 238; Godw.-Avxt. J. A. S. -S-HP pt. 2, p. 95 ; xlv, pt. 2, p. 69; Hume, Cat. no. 139; id. S. F.Jx, p. 247; xi, p. 49 ; Oates, B. B. i, p. 425; Selater, Cat.'.B. M. B p. 461; Hartei-t, J. f. Orn. 1889, p. 395; Oates Jn Sume g N. 8f E. 2iid ed. ii, p. 293. The Red-backed Broadbill, Jerdon ; Ba-i-suga, Nepal ; Rab-kytd, Lepcha.. "â ""/rti'f Fig. 5.âHead of S. rtibripygius, 5 ⢠Tips of outer primaries rounded. Coloration. Male. Head above, nape, and up Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE4DTG/birds-birds-10-bfbyljemidje-p-311-id-cat-p-196-id-birds-burm-p-125-horsf-sr-m-cat-i-p-119-jerd-b-i-i-p-238-godw-avxt-j-a-s-s-hp-pt-2-p-95-xlv-pt-2-p-69-hume-cat-no-139-id-s-fjx-p-247-xi-p-49-oates-b-b-i-p-425-selater-catb-m-b-p-461-hartei-t-j-f-orn-1889-p-395-oates-jn-sume-g-n-8f-e-2iid-ed-ii-p-293-the-red-backed-broadbill-jerdon-ba-i-suga-nepal-rab-kytd-lepcha-quot-quotquotrtif-fig-5head-of-s-rtibripygius-5-tips-of-outer-primaries-rounded-coloration-male-head-above-nape-and-up-RE4DTG.jpg ". Birds. Birds. 10 BFBYLjEMIDJE. p. 311; id. Cat. p. 196; id. Birds Burm. p. 125 ; Horsf. Sr .M. Cat. i, p. 119 ; Jerd. B. I. i, p. 238; Godw.-Avxt. J. A. S. -S-HP pt. 2, p. 95 ; xlv, pt. 2, p. 69; Hume, Cat. no. 139; id. S. F.Jx, p. 247; xi, p. 49 ; Oates, B. B. i, p. 425; Selater, Cat.'.B. M. B p. 461; Hartei-t, J. f. Orn. 1889, p. 395; Oates Jn Sume g N. 8f E. 2iid ed. ii, p. 293. The Red-backed Broadbill, Jerdon ; Ba-i-suga, Nepal ; Rab-kytd, Lepcha.. "â ""/rti'f Fig. 5.âHead of S. rtibripygius, 5 ⢠Tips of outer primaries rounded. Coloration. Male. Head above, nape, and up Stock Photo")
RMRE4DTG–. Birds. Birds. 10 BFBYLjEMIDJE. p. 311; id. Cat. p. 196; id. Birds Burm. p. 125 ; Horsf. Sr .M. Cat. i, p. 119 ; Jerd. B. I. i, p. 238; Godw.-Avxt. J. A. S. -S-HP pt. 2, p. 95 ; xlv, pt. 2, p. 69; Hume, Cat. no. 139; id. S. F.Jx, p. 247; xi, p. 49 ; Oates, B. B. i, p. 425; Selater, Cat.'.B. M. B p. 461; Hartei-t, J. f. Orn. 1889, p. 395; Oates Jn Sume g N. 8f E. 2iid ed. ii, p. 293. The Red-backed Broadbill, Jerdon ; Ba-i-suga, Nepal ; Rab-kytd, Lepcha.. "â ""/rti'f Fig. 5.âHead of S. rtibripygius, 5 ⢠Tips of outer primaries rounded. Coloration. Male. Head above, nape, and up
RMRE4D3P–. Birds. Birds. STTJEnrs. 523 Bill blackish horn in winter, lower mandible narrowly edged white ; legs and feet dark hazel; iris deep brown (Butler). Length about 9; tail 2-6; wing 5; tarsus 1-15; bill from gape 1-3. Distribution. A winter visitor to the Himalayas as far east as Dibrugarh in Assam, and to the plains of India as far south as the. Fig. 155.—Head of S. menzhieri. atitude of Baroda. In the British Museum there is, however, a specimen procured by Burgess in the Deccan, and another from the Tweeddale collection marked Madras. Hume states that this species breeds in Kashmir. Scully o
RMRE4CX0–. Birds. Birds. J3UBU10TJS. 389 1562. Bubulcus coromandus. The Cattle Egret. â¢Cancroma coromanda, JBodd. Tabl: PI. Enl. p. 64 (1783). Herodias bubulciia, ap^^d Blyth, Cat. p. 280; Irby, Ibis, 1861, p. 245 ; raeo Ardea bubulcus, Aud. Buphus coromandus, Jerdon, B. I. iii, p. 749; Stoliczha, J. A. 8. B. ^1, pt. 2, p. 254; Butler, S. F. iv, p. 23; Fairbank, ibid. p. 263 ; Hume Sr Lav. S. F. vi, p. 481; Ball, S. F. vii, p. 230. Bubulcus coromandus, Hume, S. F. i, p. 266; Adam, ibid. p. 399 ; Hums, S. F. ii, p. 309 ; BaU, ibid. p. 434; Armstrong, S. F. iv, p. 349; Cripps, S. I. vii, p. 307; Hume, C
RMRE4CR1–. Birds. Birds. TADOEWA. 427 Genus TADORNA, Fleming, 1822. Bill short, high at the base, concave above, the tip flattened and turned up, the nail small, abruptly turned down and inwards • a fleshy knob at the base of the bill in males; nostrils less than one- third the le;igth of the bill from the base ; wings long, pointed; tail rounded, of 14 feathers; tarsus scutulate in front near the foot. Only two species are known of the genus as restricted: of these one, chiefly Palsearctic, visits Northern India in winter, the other is Australian. 1587. Tadoma cornuta. The Sheldrake. Anas tadoma, Linn
RMRE4D39–. Birds. Birds. TUENIX. 151 1382. Turnix pugnax. The Bustard-Quail. Hemipodius pugnax, Temm. Pig. et Gall, iii, pp. 612, 754 (1815). Hemipodius pugnax et tai^oor, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 165. Hemipodius plumbipes, Hodgs. Beng. Sport. Mag., May 1837, p. 346, Hemipodius atrogularis, Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 107. Turnix ocellatus, apud Blyth, Cat. p. 255; Jerdon, B. I. iii, p. 507 ; Godw.-Amt. J. A. S. B. xliii, pt. 2, p. 174 {nee Scop.). Turnix taigoor, Jerdon, B. I. iii, p. 595; Stoliczka, J. A. 8. B. xli, pt. 2, p. 250; Butler, S. F. iv, p. 7; v, p. 231; ix, p. 424; Ball, S. F. vii, p. 226; H
![. Birds. Birds. 168 ctpselidjE. Bill tlackish; iris dark brown; feet flesh-colour {Delme Bad- ciijfe). Length about 6 inches; tail 2*5 ; wing 6 ; tarsus "4; the outer exceed the middle rectrices by about -75 inch. Distribution. Common in the North-western Himalaya^ at mode- rate elevations " between the outer ranges and the higher and more interior hills " (Jerdon); probably resident. Jerdon states that he obtained a specimen in the western part of the Deccam and several in Malabar, where it frequents rocky hilla, but no one appears to have observed specimens in the Peninsula si Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE4DK1/birds-birds-168-ctpselidje-bill-tlackish-iris-dark-brown-feet-flesh-colour-delme-bad-ciijfe-length-about-6-inches-tail-25-wing-6-tarsus-quot4-the-outer-exceed-the-middle-rectrices-by-about-75-inch-distribution-common-in-the-north-western-himalaya-at-mode-rate-elevations-quot-between-the-outer-ranges-and-the-higher-and-more-interior-hills-quot-jerdon-probably-resident-jerdon-states-that-he-obtained-a-specimen-in-the-western-part-of-the-deccam-and-several-in-malabar-where-it-frequents-rocky-hilla-but-no-one-appears-to-have-observed-specimens-in-the-peninsula-si-RE4DK1.jpg ". Birds. Birds. 168 ctpselidjE. Bill tlackish; iris dark brown; feet flesh-colour {Delme Bad- ciijfe). Length about 6 inches; tail 2*5 ; wing 6 ; tarsus "4; the outer exceed the middle rectrices by about -75 inch. Distribution. Common in the North-western Himalaya^ at mode- rate elevations " between the outer ranges and the higher and more interior hills " (Jerdon); probably resident. Jerdon states that he obtained a specimen in the western part of the Deccam and several in Malabar, where it frequents rocky hilla, but no one appears to have observed specimens in the Peninsula si Stock Photo")
RMRE4DK1–. Birds. Birds. 168 ctpselidjE. Bill tlackish; iris dark brown; feet flesh-colour {Delme Bad- ciijfe). Length about 6 inches; tail 2*5 ; wing 6 ; tarsus "4; the outer exceed the middle rectrices by about -75 inch. Distribution. Common in the North-western Himalaya^ at mode- rate elevations " between the outer ranges and the higher and more interior hills " (Jerdon); probably resident. Jerdon states that he obtained a specimen in the western part of the Deccam and several in Malabar, where it frequents rocky hilla, but no one appears to have observed specimens in the Peninsula si
RMRE4D9X–. Birds. Birds. 432 t/JjOOtsxdje. The bill is rather large and compressed, the upper mandible strongly toothed on each side, in some individuals there is a second tooth behind the first. The wings are short and rounded, the first 3 quills not differing greatly in length, but usually the 2nd and 3rd are longer; tail rather long, square at the end; legs and feet stout, middle toe not elongate, lateral toes unequal; claws strong, very little curved. Sexes alike in plumage. Key to the Spedeg. a. A broad white nuchal collar; thigh-coverts ferrugfinous M. eutolmiis, p. 432. b. No white collai-. a'.
![. Birds. Birds. 128 ceateeopodidjB. in thick forests, usually in pairs, but occasionally in small parties. It keeps much more to the ground than any Pomatorhinus, hopping about in a very ungainly manner." Genus XIPHORHAMPHUS, Blyth, 1843. This genus merely differs from Pomatorhinus by its, excessively long and still more slender bill. Only one species is known. 133. Xiphorhamphus superciliaris. The Slender-hilled Scimitar Babbler. Xiphirhynchus superciliaris, Blyth, J. A. S. S.xi, p. 175 (1842). Xiphorhamphus superciliaris (Blyth), Bh/th, J. A. S. B. xii, p. 947; id. Cat. p. 147 ; Horsf. Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE4DKA/birds-birds-128-ceateeopodidjb-in-thick-forests-usually-in-pairs-but-occasionally-in-small-parties-it-keeps-much-more-to-the-ground-than-any-pomatorhinus-hopping-about-in-a-very-ungainly-mannerquot-genus-xiphorhamphus-blyth-1843-this-genus-merely-differs-from-pomatorhinus-by-its-excessively-long-and-still-more-slender-bill-only-one-species-is-known-133-xiphorhamphus-superciliaris-the-slender-hilled-scimitar-babbler-xiphirhynchus-superciliaris-blyth-j-a-s-sxi-p-175-1842-xiphorhamphus-superciliaris-blyth-bhth-j-a-s-b-xii-p-947-id-cat-p-147-horsf-RE4DKA.jpg ". Birds. Birds. 128 ceateeopodidjB. in thick forests, usually in pairs, but occasionally in small parties. It keeps much more to the ground than any Pomatorhinus, hopping about in a very ungainly manner." Genus XIPHORHAMPHUS, Blyth, 1843. This genus merely differs from Pomatorhinus by its, excessively long and still more slender bill. Only one species is known. 133. Xiphorhamphus superciliaris. The Slender-hilled Scimitar Babbler. Xiphirhynchus superciliaris, Blyth, J. A. S. S.xi, p. 175 (1842). Xiphorhamphus superciliaris (Blyth), Bh/th, J. A. S. B. xii, p. 947; id. Cat. p. 147 ; Horsf. Stock Photo")
RMRE4DKA–. Birds. Birds. 128 ceateeopodidjB. in thick forests, usually in pairs, but occasionally in small parties. It keeps much more to the ground than any Pomatorhinus, hopping about in a very ungainly manner." Genus XIPHORHAMPHUS, Blyth, 1843. This genus merely differs from Pomatorhinus by its, excessively long and still more slender bill. Only one species is known. 133. Xiphorhamphus superciliaris. The Slender-hilled Scimitar Babbler. Xiphirhynchus superciliaris, Blyth, J. A. S. S.xi, p. 175 (1842). Xiphorhamphus superciliaris (Blyth), Bh/th, J. A. S. B. xii, p. 947; id. Cat. p. 147 ; Horsf.
RMRE4D1G–. Birds. Birds. 232 CHABADETID^. Biddulph. Ibis, 1881, p. 95; Sadly, ihil. p. 587; Seid, S. F. x, p. 65; DavidiK)n,ibid.-p. 319; Barnes, Birds Bom.-p. B32. Vanellus gregariua, Blyth, Cat. p. 339; Seebohm, Charadr. p. 211. Chaetusia gregaiia, Sharps, Cat. B. M. xxiv, p. 174. The Black-dded Lapwing, Jerdon.. Fig. 53.âHead of C. gregaria. |. Coloration, Crown black; forehead and broad supercilia, extend- ing entirely round the crown, white; lores, orbits, and a narrow line extending to the ear-coverts black; chin white, passing into buff on the throat and the sides of the face, and this passing i
RMRE4DNT–. Birds. Birds. MHGALJEMA. 85 Blyth, Birds Burm. p. 73; BrooTca, 8. F. iii, p. 232; Svme, Cat. no. 191; id. S. F. xi, p. 66; Stmlly, S. F. viii, p. 250; C. Jff. T. Marshall, Ibis, 1884, p. 410; Oates in Hume's N. ^ E. 2nd ed. ii, p. 318; Shelley, Cat. B. M. xix, p. 63; Sharpe, Yark. Miss., Aves, p. 108. Traiho, H. Chamba; Miouli, at Mussooree; Nyahul, Neoul, Nepalese ; Kun-nyong, Lepcha.. Pig. 24.—Head of M. marshallorum. Coloration. Feathers of head and neck all round black with deep violet-blue edges; back and scapulars brownish olive, the upper back with narrow pale green or greenish-yellow
![. Birds. Birds. aAJttiiULus. 39 25. Garrulus leucotis. The Burmese Jay. Garrulus leucotis, Hume, Proc. A. S. B. 1874, p. 106; id. S. F. ii, p.'443; Wald. in Bl/yth, Birds Burm,. p. 89; Wardlaw Railway, Ibis, 1877, p. 460 ; Sume Sf Dav. S. I", vi, p. 884; Hume, Oat.. no. (569 bis; Oates, B. B. i, p. 407; id. in Hume's N. ^ E. 2nd ed. i, p. 28.. Fig. 15.—Head of G. leucotis. Coloration. Forehead and front of crown white, with brown shaft-streaks; lores, feathers under the eyes, ear-coverts, chin, throat, and front of neck white ; a broad moustachial stripe black; back, rump, and scapulars v Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE4DNP/birds-birds-aajttiiulus-39-25-garrulus-leucotis-the-burmese-jay-garrulus-leucotis-hume-proc-a-s-b-1874-p-106-id-s-f-ii-p443-wald-in-blyth-birds-burm-p-89-wardlaw-railway-ibis-1877-p-460-sume-sf-dav-s-iquot-vi-p-884-hume-oat-no-569-bis-oates-b-b-i-p-407-id-in-humes-n-e-2nd-ed-i-p-28-fig-15head-of-g-leucotis-coloration-forehead-and-front-of-crown-white-with-brown-shaft-streaks-lores-feathers-under-the-eyes-ear-coverts-chin-throat-and-front-of-neck-white-a-broad-moustachial-stripe-black-back-rump-and-scapulars-v-RE4DNP.jpg ". Birds. Birds. aAJttiiULus. 39 25. Garrulus leucotis. The Burmese Jay. Garrulus leucotis, Hume, Proc. A. S. B. 1874, p. 106; id. S. F. ii, p.'443; Wald. in Bl/yth, Birds Burm,. p. 89; Wardlaw Railway, Ibis, 1877, p. 460 ; Sume Sf Dav. S. I", vi, p. 884; Hume, Oat.. no. (569 bis; Oates, B. B. i, p. 407; id. in Hume's N. ^ E. 2nd ed. i, p. 28.. Fig. 15.—Head of G. leucotis. Coloration. Forehead and front of crown white, with brown shaft-streaks; lores, feathers under the eyes, ear-coverts, chin, throat, and front of neck white ; a broad moustachial stripe black; back, rump, and scapulars v Stock Photo")
RMRE4DNP–. Birds. Birds. aAJttiiULus. 39 25. Garrulus leucotis. The Burmese Jay. Garrulus leucotis, Hume, Proc. A. S. B. 1874, p. 106; id. S. F. ii, p.'443; Wald. in Bl/yth, Birds Burm,. p. 89; Wardlaw Railway, Ibis, 1877, p. 460 ; Sume Sf Dav. S. I", vi, p. 884; Hume, Oat.. no. (569 bis; Oates, B. B. i, p. 407; id. in Hume's N. ^ E. 2nd ed. i, p. 28.. Fig. 15.—Head of G. leucotis. Coloration. Forehead and front of crown white, with brown shaft-streaks; lores, feathers under the eyes, ear-coverts, chin, throat, and front of neck white ; a broad moustachial stripe black; back, rump, and scapulars v
RMRE4D83–. Birds. Birds. 18 COIUMBIBJE. Sutfamily CARPOPHAGINiE. This subfamily contains the largest Indian species of the order, known in India as Imperial Pigeons. Like the Treromnce, they • are fruit-eaters and live entirely in trees, and they have similar feet; but they differ greatly from the Green Pigeons and approach the Oolumbince in plumage and also in anatomy, as they have an oil- gland and an ambiens muscle. They are also distinguished by laying in general only a single eo:g, a peculiarity repeated, as will be noticed presently, by a genus of the Columbine subfamily. The tail-feathers are 14
RMRE4DFJ–. Birds. Birds. HTPOOOLIUS. 251 Coloration. Male. The featliers immediately near the nostrils, the lores, ear-coverts, the feathers above and below the eye, and a band carried round the nape black; forehead, crown, cheeks, chin, throat, the middle of the abdomen, vent, thighs, and under tail-coverhs pinkish cream-colour; remainder of the body-plumage, wing-coverts, and tertiaries drab-grey; winglet and primary-coverts blackish shaded with ashy, and partially margined with grey; pri- maries black, with broad white tips shaded with grey on the first two or three; secondaries black, broadly edged
RMRE4DRJ–. Birds. Birds. 250 PEINGILLIDJE, The young of Buntings resemble the female, but are character- ized, where striation is present, by a greater amount of streaking. At the autumn moult of the first year the young assume the plumage of the adult female, and then the males gradually put on the plumage of the adult male, the process taking several months. The Buntings irequent cornfields, waste lands, and grassy tracts of country. They are more or less gregarious. They devour grain in large quantities and also feed on seeds of all sorts. Their nests are cup-shaped and placed on or near the ground
![. Birds. Birds. TEEPSIPHONB. 45 insects on the wing, never descending to the ground, and of solitary habits. Their notes are very harsh. Key to the Species. a. Crest long and pointed, reaching to upper part of back. I a'. Throat and sides of head ashy â v. Throat and sides of head glossy black.. b. Crest short and rounded, not reaching beyond nape, c'. Back deep chestnut; throat and sides of head bluish ashy flf'. Back ashy rufous. a". Throat and sides of head dark ashy.. h". Throat and sides of head black .... T.paradisi: $ at all ages and c5' before second autumn, p. 46. T. paradis Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE24C0/birds-birds-teepsiphonb-45-insects-on-the-wing-never-descending-to-the-ground-and-of-solitary-habits-their-notes-are-very-harsh-key-to-the-species-a-crest-long-and-pointed-reaching-to-upper-part-of-back-i-a-throat-and-sides-of-head-ashy-v-throat-and-sides-of-head-glossy-black-b-crest-short-and-rounded-not-reaching-beyond-nape-c-back-deep-chestnut-throat-and-sides-of-head-bluish-ashy-flf-back-ashy-rufous-aquot-throat-and-sides-of-head-dark-ashy-hquot-throat-and-sides-of-head-black-tparadisi-at-all-ages-and-c5-before-second-autumn-p-46-t-paradis-RE24C0.jpg ". Birds. Birds. TEEPSIPHONB. 45 insects on the wing, never descending to the ground, and of solitary habits. Their notes are very harsh. Key to the Species. a. Crest long and pointed, reaching to upper part of back. I a'. Throat and sides of head ashy â v. Throat and sides of head glossy black.. b. Crest short and rounded, not reaching beyond nape, c'. Back deep chestnut; throat and sides of head bluish ashy flf'. Back ashy rufous. a". Throat and sides of head dark ashy.. h". Throat and sides of head black .... T.paradisi: $ at all ages and c5' before second autumn, p. 46. T. paradis Stock Photo")
RMRE24C0–. Birds. Birds. TEEPSIPHONB. 45 insects on the wing, never descending to the ground, and of solitary habits. Their notes are very harsh. Key to the Species. a. Crest long and pointed, reaching to upper part of back. I a'. Throat and sides of head ashy â v. Throat and sides of head glossy black.. b. Crest short and rounded, not reaching beyond nape, c'. Back deep chestnut; throat and sides of head bluish ashy flf'. Back ashy rufous. a". Throat and sides of head dark ashy.. h". Throat and sides of head black .... T.paradisi: $ at all ages and c5' before second autumn, p. 46. T. paradis
![. Birds. Birds. KELAABTIA. 297 the Bulbuls, but it does uot exceed ia length the middle toe aud claw. The Yellow-eared Bulbul appears to be a denizen of the forests of the hilly parts of the island. 314. Kelaartia penicillata. The Yellow-eared Bulbul. Pycnonotus penicillatus, £/^th, J. A. S. B. xx, p. 178 (1851). Kelaartia peuicillata {Blytli), Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 86 ; HoMsxo. P. Z. S. ] 872, p. 4o0; Legge, S. F. iv, p. 245; id. Birds Ceyl. p. 480, pi. 21, tip:. 1 ; Iluttxe, Vat. no. 454 ; Sharps, Cat. B. M. vi, p. 162.. Fig. 92.—Head ol' K. penicillata. Coloration. Forehead and crown dark brow Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE4DC9/birds-birds-kelaabtia-297-the-bulbuls-but-it-does-uot-exceed-ia-length-the-middle-toe-aud-claw-the-yellow-eared-bulbul-appears-to-be-a-denizen-of-the-forests-of-the-hilly-parts-of-the-island-314-kelaartia-penicillata-the-yellow-eared-bulbul-pycnonotus-penicillatus-th-j-a-s-b-xx-p-178-1851-kelaartia-peuicillata-blytli-jerd-b-i-ii-p-86-homsxo-p-z-s-872-p-4o0-legge-s-f-iv-p-245-id-birds-ceyl-p-480-pi-21-tip-1-iluttxe-vat-no-454-sharps-cat-b-m-vi-p-162-fig-92head-ol-k-penicillata-coloration-forehead-and-crown-dark-brow-RE4DC9.jpg ". Birds. Birds. KELAABTIA. 297 the Bulbuls, but it does uot exceed ia length the middle toe aud claw. The Yellow-eared Bulbul appears to be a denizen of the forests of the hilly parts of the island. 314. Kelaartia penicillata. The Yellow-eared Bulbul. Pycnonotus penicillatus, £/^th, J. A. S. B. xx, p. 178 (1851). Kelaartia peuicillata {Blytli), Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 86 ; HoMsxo. P. Z. S. ] 872, p. 4o0; Legge, S. F. iv, p. 245; id. Birds Ceyl. p. 480, pi. 21, tip:. 1 ; Iluttxe, Vat. no. 454 ; Sharps, Cat. B. M. vi, p. 162.. Fig. 92.—Head ol' K. penicillata. Coloration. Forehead and crown dark brow Stock Photo")
RMRE4DC9–. Birds. Birds. KELAABTIA. 297 the Bulbuls, but it does uot exceed ia length the middle toe aud claw. The Yellow-eared Bulbul appears to be a denizen of the forests of the hilly parts of the island. 314. Kelaartia penicillata. The Yellow-eared Bulbul. Pycnonotus penicillatus, £/^th, J. A. S. B. xx, p. 178 (1851). Kelaartia peuicillata {Blytli), Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 86 ; HoMsxo. P. Z. S. ] 872, p. 4o0; Legge, S. F. iv, p. 245; id. Birds Ceyl. p. 480, pi. 21, tip:. 1 ; Iluttxe, Vat. no. 454 ; Sharps, Cat. B. M. vi, p. 162.. Fig. 92.—Head ol' K. penicillata. Coloration. Forehead and crown dark brow
RMRE4D2Y–. Birds. Birds. 540 BTUENID^. Acridotlieres mahrattensis {Sykes), Hume, Cat. no. 686 bis; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 265; 8harpe, Cat. B. M. xiii, p. 89. jEthiopsar fuscus {Wagl.), bates in Sume's N. Sf E. 2nd ed. i, p. 383, Pahari maina, Hind.; Jhonti maina, Hind, in Bengal; Jhont salik, Beng.; Tau zayet, Burm.. Fig. 161.—Head oi M.fuscus. Coloration. Forehead, lores, nasal j)lumes, ear-coverts, top of the head, and nape black ; back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and scapulars cinereous brown tinged with ruddy; winglet glossy black; pri- mary-coverts white ; primaries black tipped with bronze, each f
RMRE4DRP–. Birds. Birds. FETTTGHLLAITDA. 247 According to Adams this species breeds in Laddk and Little Tibet, constructing its nest in the long dykes built by the Tartars oyer their dead. Genus PRINGILLAUDA, Hodgs., 1836. The genus FrirujiUauda resembles Montifrincfilla, but the bill is more slender and the tail is forked, the middle feathers being considerably shorter than the outer. There is moreover no white in the wings and tail except on the margins. The birds of this genus, like those of the last, are found at considerable altitudes and feed on the ground in flocks. Key to the Species. a. Wing n
RMRE4DRT–. Birds. Birds. 10 COETID^.. Fig. 1.—Urocissa occipitalis. Family COEVID^. The intrinsic muscles of the syrinx fixed to the ends of the bronchial semi-riugs. The edges of both mandibles smooth, or the upper one simply notched; hinder aspect of tarsus smooth, com- posed of two entire longitudinal laminae; wing with ten primaries; tongue non-tubular; nostrils clear of the line of forehead, the lower edge of the nostril nearer to the commissure than the upper edge is to the culmeu; plumage of the nestling like that of the adult female, but paler; nostrils hidden by feathers and bristles; rectrice
![. Birds. Birds. FABSEBEB. 3 be inferred, as is verified by dissection, that the tendon of the jktxor longus Jiallijms crosses its companion superficially on its way from the ankle to its insertion in the hallux. " Just before, or just at the commencement of, the sole of the bird's foot (near the joint between the metatarsus and the phalanges) these two tendons generally spKt up to supply the toes." The manner in which these tendons serve the toes and their relation to each other, when combined with other characters, are of the greatest service in diagnosing the various orders of bird Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE4DTP/birds-birds-fabsebeb-3-be-inferred-as-is-verified-by-dissection-that-the-tendon-of-the-jktxor-longus-jiallijms-crosses-its-companion-superficially-on-its-way-from-the-ankle-to-its-insertion-in-the-hallux-quot-just-before-or-just-at-the-commencement-of-the-sole-of-the-birds-foot-near-the-joint-between-the-metatarsus-and-the-phalanges-these-two-tendons-generally-spkt-up-to-supply-the-toesquot-the-manner-in-which-these-tendons-serve-the-toes-and-their-relation-to-each-other-when-combined-with-other-characters-are-of-the-greatest-service-in-diagnosing-the-various-orders-of-bird-RE4DTP.jpg ". Birds. Birds. FABSEBEB. 3 be inferred, as is verified by dissection, that the tendon of the jktxor longus Jiallijms crosses its companion superficially on its way from the ankle to its insertion in the hallux. " Just before, or just at the commencement of, the sole of the bird's foot (near the joint between the metatarsus and the phalanges) these two tendons generally spKt up to supply the toes." The manner in which these tendons serve the toes and their relation to each other, when combined with other characters, are of the greatest service in diagnosing the various orders of bird Stock Photo")
RMRE4DTP–. Birds. Birds. FABSEBEB. 3 be inferred, as is verified by dissection, that the tendon of the jktxor longus Jiallijms crosses its companion superficially on its way from the ankle to its insertion in the hallux. " Just before, or just at the commencement of, the sole of the bird's foot (near the joint between the metatarsus and the phalanges) these two tendons generally spKt up to supply the toes." The manner in which these tendons serve the toes and their relation to each other, when combined with other characters, are of the greatest service in diagnosing the various orders of bird
RMRE4D7R–. Birds. Birds. ARUNDINAX. 389 Hume collection there are specimens from Deesa, yaugor, Seoni, Eaipur, and Sambalpur. Further north this bird occurs at Etdwah, Jhinjhak (Cawnpore), Dinapur, and in Oudh. I have seen a spe- cimen which is labelled Darjiling. Jerdon states that G. hcusfel- loides is common all over Lower Bengal, and Cripps records it from Turreedpore. Godwin-Austen inserts it in his list of Khasi-hill birds, but does not state the precise locality where he obtained it. It is a permanent resident in all parts of its range. Habits, ^-c. Breeds from May to September, constructing a g
RMRE4DKD–. Birds. Birds. BHTTIDOOEEOS. 147 Key to the Species. a. Base of both mandibles with transverse ridges in adults : wing 17-20 iJ. undulatus, p. 147. b. Base of both mandibles smooth a'. Wing 14 to 17 -R. subruficollis, p. 148. V. Wing 11 to 12 -R. narcondami, p. 149. 1054. RIi3rtidoceros undulatus. The Malayan Wreathed ffornbill. Buoeros undulatus, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii, p. 26 (1811). Buceros plicatus, apMiZ MUller Sr Schleg. Verhandel. pp. 24,30; Bh/th, Cat. p. 319 ; nee Latham. Buceros ruflcoUis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. x, p. 922, partim; xii, p. 176 ; nee Vteilht. Buceros pucoran, Blyth, J. A. S
RMRE4DM4–. Birds. Birds. 78 cbatebopodidjE. Garrulax leucolophiis {Hardw.), Blyth, Cat. p. 95; Horsf. Sr M. Cat. i, p. 201; Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 35; Hume, N. ^ E. p. 253; Blyth, Birds Burm. p. 107; Hwne, Cat. no. 407 ; Scullt/, S. F. viii, p. 289; Oates, B. B. i, p. 34; Sharpe, Cat. B. M. vii, p. 435; Hume, 8. F. xi, p. 153; Oates in Hume's N. 8f E. 2nd ed. i, p. 47. The White-ci-esfed Lauyhing-Thiiish, Jerd.; Uawil-Kahy, Hind, in N. W. P.; Karrio-pho, Lepch.; Karria-c/oka, Bhut.; Naffo-dhoopooleka Assam.. Pig. 26.—Head of G. Coloration. Lores, ear-coverts, and round the eye black; the whole head and cre
RMRE4D6A–. Birds. Birds. 476 LANIIDvE. in suitable localities, but does not ascend the Himalayas to any great beight. It is also found in Ceylon. It appears to be absent from the whole of Tenasserim, and the Sittoung river is probably its eastern limit in ^urma. Habits, 4'c. Breeds from February to June according to locality, constructing a very beautiful nest of vegetable fibres and roots thickly coated with cobwebs and bits of bark on a branch of a tree. The eggs, usually three in number, are white marked with various shades of purple and brown and measure about -75 by 'ei.. Fig. 142.—Head of P. arde
RMRE4D8F–. Birds. Birds. 380 SYLVUD-S. Key to the Species. a. Under tail-coverts dark ferruginous L. burnesi, p. 380. b. Under tail-coverts greyish white like abdomen. L. cinerascens, p. Mi- 386. Latioilla burnesi. The Long-tailed Grass-Warbler. Eurycercus burnesii, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiii, p.' 374 (1844) ; Jerd. S. I. ii, p. 74. Sphenfeacus burnesii [Blyth), Blyth, Cat. p. 140. .. Latioilla burnesi {Blyth), Hume, S. F. i, p. 180; Butter, S. F. vu, pp. 182,191; Hume, Cat. no. 443; Boig, S. F. viii, p. 373; Shaiye, Cat B. M. vii, p. 119; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 184; Oates in Humes N. §• K 2nd ed. i, p. 24
RMRE4DXD–. Birds. Birds. lANTHIA. 105 wings olive-green; median pair of tail-feathers olive-green, tbe others golden yellow, broadly tipped, and margined on the outer webs, with olive-green; a yellowish-white ring round the eye; ear- coverts olive-brown, with pale shafts; lores and an indistinct supercilium olive-yellow; the whole lower plumage ochraceous yellow, most of the feathers with tiny dusky fringes and the flanks washed with olivaceous. The young have the whole plumage dark olive-brown, the feathers streaked with fulvous and tipped with black. Lower mandible and edge of the upper along the com
RMRE4DK9–. Birds. Birds. 152 BUCEEOTID^. Coloration. Male. Plumes at each side of forehead dull rufous; crown and nuchal crest dark greyish brown, the feathers with whitish shaft-stripes and rufous edges; back, rump, upper tail- coverts, scapulars, tertiaries,' and wing-coverts dark brown, larger sefeondary-coverts pale-edged, larger primary-coverts black, some of them white-tipped; primaries black, shghtly glossed, tipped white and with a broad buff outer border for an inch or two near the middle, but gradually nearer the tip in the later primaries; secondaries black, outer web greyish brown and the m
RMRE4D9G–. Birds. Birds. 346 SYLTIIBjB. *-«fs^?sMia==:. Fig. 110.—Acrocephalus stentoreus. Family SYLVIIDiE. The intrinsic muscles of the syrinx fixed to the ends of the bronchial semi-rings; the edges of both mandibles smooth or the upper one with a single simple notch; hinder aspect of tarsus smooth, composed of two entire longitudinal lamina); wing with ten primaries; tongue non-tubular; nostrils always clear of the line of the forehead, the space between the nostril and the edge of the mandible less than the space between the nostril and the culmen ; plumage of the nestling like that of the adult f
RMRE4DFA–. Birds. Birds. 1^. Kg. 79.âHaliastiir inius. Order XL ACCIPITRES. The diurnal Birds of Prey, iE only Indian genera are taken into -consideration, form a very natural and â¢weU-marked group, about which the orJy doubt that can arise is whether the Osprey is «ntitled to higher rank than that of forming a distinct family. The difficult questions as to the relationship of the American Vultures or Condors (Caihartidce) and of the African Secretary Bird (Serpenfarms) do not concern us, and the Owls have now by â general consent been placed in a distinct order. In the Accipitres the bill is strong,
RMRE4CWR–. Birds. Birds. iJ92 aedeiDjE. «lightly disintegrated, extendiug nearly to the end of the tail, and lanceolate pectoral plumes. As in L. asha, some birds of all ages are white throughout, the adults with crests and pectoral plumes, and with the feathers of t:he dorsal train sometimes extending beyond the tail. Nestlings vary, being white, grey, or pied. Soft parts very variable. Bill brown, yellowish on lower man- dible, sometimes, in white individuals, yellow throughout; irides yellow; legs and feet dark green, varying to paler green or to Mack.. Fig. 93.—Head of L. sacer. ^. Length about 22;
![. Birds. Birds. CAEOIITEUTES. 139 colour, the males barred with blue and black above, the females with rufous and black. Feathers of nape slightly elongate. Bill broad, comparatively short; culmen straight, rounded. Krst primary shorter than all the other primaries; tail moderately long, rounded at the end. This approaches Dacelo, the " laughing jackass " of Australia, in structure, more than any other Indian or Burmese Kingfisher does. 1050. Carcineutes pulchellus.. The Banded Kingfisher. Dacelo pulchella, Sorsf. Trans. Linn. Soo. xiii, p. 175 (1821); Blytli, Cat. p. 46 ; Rorsf. ^ M Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE4DKM/birds-birds-caeoiiteutes-139-colour-the-males-barred-with-blue-and-black-above-the-females-with-rufous-and-black-feathers-of-nape-slightly-elongate-bill-broad-comparatively-short-culmen-straight-rounded-krst-primary-shorter-than-all-the-other-primaries-tail-moderately-long-rounded-at-the-end-this-approaches-dacelo-the-quot-laughing-jackass-quot-of-australia-in-structure-more-than-any-other-indian-or-burmese-kingfisher-does-1050-carcineutes-pulchellus-the-banded-kingfisher-dacelo-pulchella-sorsf-trans-linn-soo-xiii-p-175-1821-blytli-cat-p-46-rorsf-m-RE4DKM.jpg ". Birds. Birds. CAEOIITEUTES. 139 colour, the males barred with blue and black above, the females with rufous and black. Feathers of nape slightly elongate. Bill broad, comparatively short; culmen straight, rounded. Krst primary shorter than all the other primaries; tail moderately long, rounded at the end. This approaches Dacelo, the " laughing jackass " of Australia, in structure, more than any other Indian or Burmese Kingfisher does. 1050. Carcineutes pulchellus.. The Banded Kingfisher. Dacelo pulchella, Sorsf. Trans. Linn. Soo. xiii, p. 175 (1821); Blytli, Cat. p. 46 ; Rorsf. ^ M Stock Photo")
RMRE4DKM–. Birds. Birds. CAEOIITEUTES. 139 colour, the males barred with blue and black above, the females with rufous and black. Feathers of nape slightly elongate. Bill broad, comparatively short; culmen straight, rounded. Krst primary shorter than all the other primaries; tail moderately long, rounded at the end. This approaches Dacelo, the " laughing jackass " of Australia, in structure, more than any other Indian or Burmese Kingfisher does. 1050. Carcineutes pulchellus.. The Banded Kingfisher. Dacelo pulchella, Sorsf. Trans. Linn. Soo. xiii, p. 175 (1821); Blytli, Cat. p. 46 ; Rorsf. ^ M
RMRE4DNJ–. Birds. Birds. 42 coevidjE. brown or blaekishj each feather with a large and lengthened drop of white occupying the greater portion of it, and causing the lower plumage to look almost white; wings glossy black; the lesser coverts with large white spots, the median with triangular white marks, the greater and primary-coverts with the primaries slightly- tipped -with white; the secondaries and tertiaries with oval white drops near the tip; tail black, broadly tipped white on the outer feathers, less so on the centrals ; under tail-coverts pure white.. !Pig. 16.—Head of N. mulHpunotaia. The youn
RMRE4DR5–. Birds. Birds. 54 PICIDJE. 982. Miglyptes jugfularis. The BlacTc-and-Buff Woodpeeker. Picus (Meiglyptes) jugularis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv, p. 195 (1846). Meiglyptes jugularis, Blyth, Cat. p. 60; Horsf. ^ M. Cat. ii, p. 669; Htmie ^ Gates, S. F. iii, p. ft3; Blyth ^ Wald. Birds Burm. p. 77; Hume I Dav. S. F. vi, pp. 132, 601; Oates, B. B. ii, p. 60. Miglyptes jugularis, Hume, Cat. no. 166 quat.; Bingham, S. F. ix, p. 161: Hargitt, Ibis, 1884, p. 197; id. Cat. B. M. xviii, p. 391.. Fig. 15.—Head of M. jugularis. Coloration. Male. Black or brownish black, except two large patches, ore on each s
RMRE4D48–. Birds. Birds. .16 STUENIUiE.. Fig. 153.—Acridotheres trisfis. Family STURNIDiE. The intrinsic muscles of the syrinx fixed to the ends of the bronchial semi-rings; the edgeij of both mandibles smooth, or the upper one simply notched; hinder aspect of tarsus bilaminated, the laminae entire and smooth ; wing with ten primaries ; tongue non-tubular; nostrils always clear of the line of forehead, the space between the nostril and the edge of the mandible less than the space between the nostril and the culmen; plumage of the nestling typically streaked; no rictal bristles nor vestige of any; sexes
RMRE4CYC–. Birds. Birds. PHAtACROCOBAX. 343 wing-coverts dark silvery grey, with a broad black border to each feather. In the breeding-season some scattered white feathers are developed on the crown and sides of the head, and a few long white hair-like plumes grow on the sides of the neck ; the feathers of the occiput and nape are slightly lengthened. In non-breeding plumage there is a white throat bordering the gular pouch. Young birds are brown with a white throat, the coloration is darker above; the back, rump, tail, and wing-feathers blackish; scapulars and wing-coverts grey with brown borders; mid
RMRE4DAC–. Birds. Birds. BAZA. 409 There is a long nuchal crest of but few feathers. The bill is fitout, the culmen well curved, and the cutting-edge of the upper mandible furnished in adults with two teeth or projecting angles on each side (in young birds the tooth is often single); the cere is small; nostrils narrow, slightly oblique, with the upper border membranous. Wings moderate, the 3rd or 4th quill longest; tail extending beyond the closed wings, square at the end. Feathers on anterior part of flanks very long, covering the sides of the abdomen. Tarsus short, feathered in front for half its len
RMRE4DXH–. Birds. Birds. 72 TIJEDID^. 619. Saxicola capistrata. The White-headed Chat. Saxicola leucomela {Pali.), apud Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 131. Saxicola capistrata, Govld, Birds Asia, iv, pi. 28 (1865); Hume, S. F. iii, p. 476; Seebohm, Cat. B. M. v, p. 368. Saxicola morio {Hempr. ^ JEhr.), apud Hume, Cat. no. 490; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 203. The Whits-headed Stone-Chat, Jerd.. Fig. 25.âHead of S. capistrata. Coloration. Male. After the autumn moult, the forehead, crown, nape, and hind neck are greyish white, somewhat whiter over the eye and ear-coverts; sides of the head, chin, throat, neck all round,
RMRE4DPY–. Birds. Birds. 292 MOTACILLID^E. Motaoilla madevaspatana, Briss. apud Blyth, Cat. p. 137; Horsf. ^ M. Cat. i, p. 347; Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 217; flame, N. ^ E. p. 377. The Pied Wagtail, Jerd.; Mamula, Bhuin Mamtda, Khmijan, Hind.; Sahala garela-gadu, Tel. Coloration. Male, A broad supercilium from the nostril to the end of the ear-coverts, the whole head, neck, upper plumage, and lesser and median wing-coverts black; greater wing-coverts almost entirely white; quills black, edged Wth white, the edging on some of the secondaries extending to half the outer web; the middle four pairs of tail-feath
![. Birds. Birds. POMATOKHTNUS. 123 126. Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps. Lloyd Scimitar Babbler. Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps, Wald.A.M. N.H. (4)xii,p. 487 (1873); Wald. in Blyth's Birds Burm. p. 113 ; Hume, S. F. iii, p. 282; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, p. 465, pi. xiii, 1878, p. 136; Hwme 4" Dav. S. F. vi, p. 281; Hume, Cat. no. 401 ter; Oates, B. B. i, p. 73; Sharpe, Cat. B. M. vii, p. 417. Coloration. Upper plumage bright ochraceous, the inner webs of the quills pale brown; tail paler ochraceous, the terminal halves of the feathers suffused with brown ; feathers at the base of the upper mandib Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE4DKE/birds-birds-pomatokhtnus-123-126-pomatorhinus-ochraceiceps-lloyd-scimitar-babbler-pomatorhinus-ochraceiceps-waldam-nh-4xiip-487-1873-wald-in-blyths-birds-burm-p-113-hume-s-f-iii-p-282-wardlaw-ramsay-ibis-1877-p-465-pi-xiii-1878-p-136-hwme-4quot-dav-s-f-vi-p-281-hume-cat-no-401-ter-oates-b-b-i-p-73-sharpe-cat-b-m-vii-p-417-coloration-upper-plumage-bright-ochraceous-the-inner-webs-of-the-quills-pale-brown-tail-paler-ochraceous-the-terminal-halves-of-the-feathers-suffused-with-brown-feathers-at-the-base-of-the-upper-mandib-RE4DKE.jpg ". Birds. Birds. POMATOKHTNUS. 123 126. Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps. Lloyd Scimitar Babbler. Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps, Wald.A.M. N.H. (4)xii,p. 487 (1873); Wald. in Blyth's Birds Burm. p. 113 ; Hume, S. F. iii, p. 282; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, p. 465, pi. xiii, 1878, p. 136; Hwme 4" Dav. S. F. vi, p. 281; Hume, Cat. no. 401 ter; Oates, B. B. i, p. 73; Sharpe, Cat. B. M. vii, p. 417. Coloration. Upper plumage bright ochraceous, the inner webs of the quills pale brown; tail paler ochraceous, the terminal halves of the feathers suffused with brown ; feathers at the base of the upper mandib Stock Photo")
RMRE4DKE–. Birds. Birds. POMATOKHTNUS. 123 126. Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps. Lloyd Scimitar Babbler. Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps, Wald.A.M. N.H. (4)xii,p. 487 (1873); Wald. in Blyth's Birds Burm. p. 113 ; Hume, S. F. iii, p. 282; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, p. 465, pi. xiii, 1878, p. 136; Hwme 4" Dav. S. F. vi, p. 281; Hume, Cat. no. 401 ter; Oates, B. B. i, p. 73; Sharpe, Cat. B. M. vii, p. 417. Coloration. Upper plumage bright ochraceous, the inner webs of the quills pale brown; tail paler ochraceous, the terminal halves of the feathers suffused with brown ; feathers at the base of the upper mandib
RMRE4D78–. Birds. Birds. AOANTHOPNEUSTE 415 Coloration. So similar to P. viridanus, of which this is the eastern form, as to require no separate description. P. plumhei- tarsus differs in having the median wing-coverts, as well as the greater coverts, tipped with yellowish white, thus having two wing- bars. When the upper bar is abraded, it is difficult to separate the two species. Upper mandible brown, lower clear yellow ; iris brown; mouth yellow; legs pale plumbeous-brown, the toes tinged with yellow; claws pale horn-colour. Of the same dimensions as A. viridanus. The Phylloseopus seebohmi of Hume w
![. Birds. Birds. HEMixrs. 263 Balks, d/'c. Breeds from March to June, making a shallow cup- like nest of grass and leaves in trees at all heights up to about 60 feet from the ground. The eggs are usually only two in number, and resemble those of H. psaroides. Thej' measure 1"08 by •'75. Genus HEMIXUS, Hodgs., 1844. The genus Hemionis, of which H.flavala is the type, contains five Indian species closely related to each other. It differs from Hypsipetes in having the tail square or slightly rounded, and its outer feathers straight. The crest consists of a great number of short but sharply-po Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE4DE2/birds-birds-hemixrs-263-balks-dc-breeds-from-march-to-june-making-a-shallow-cup-like-nest-of-grass-and-leaves-in-trees-at-all-heights-up-to-about-60-feet-from-the-ground-the-eggs-are-usually-only-two-in-number-and-resemble-those-of-h-psaroides-thej-measure-1quot08-by-75-genus-hemixus-hodgs-1844-the-genus-hemionis-of-which-hflavala-is-the-type-contains-five-indian-species-closely-related-to-each-other-it-differs-from-hypsipetes-in-having-the-tail-square-or-slightly-rounded-and-its-outer-feathers-straight-the-crest-consists-of-a-great-number-of-short-but-sharply-po-RE4DE2.jpg ". Birds. Birds. HEMixrs. 263 Balks, d/'c. Breeds from March to June, making a shallow cup- like nest of grass and leaves in trees at all heights up to about 60 feet from the ground. The eggs are usually only two in number, and resemble those of H. psaroides. Thej' measure 1"08 by •'75. Genus HEMIXUS, Hodgs., 1844. The genus Hemionis, of which H.flavala is the type, contains five Indian species closely related to each other. It differs from Hypsipetes in having the tail square or slightly rounded, and its outer feathers straight. The crest consists of a great number of short but sharply-po Stock Photo")
RMRE4DE2–. Birds. Birds. HEMixrs. 263 Balks, d/'c. Breeds from March to June, making a shallow cup- like nest of grass and leaves in trees at all heights up to about 60 feet from the ground. The eggs are usually only two in number, and resemble those of H. psaroides. Thej' measure 1"08 by •'75. Genus HEMIXUS, Hodgs., 1844. The genus Hemionis, of which H.flavala is the type, contains five Indian species closely related to each other. It differs from Hypsipetes in having the tail square or slightly rounded, and its outer feathers straight. The crest consists of a great number of short but sharply-po
RMRE4DX7–. Birds. Birds. TTJBDUS. 149 Turdus hodgaoni, Homeyer, Rhea, ii, p. 160 (1849); Jerd. B. I. i, p. 631; Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xxxvii, pt. ii, p. 36: Hume, N. &â E. p. 236; Brooks, S. F. iii, p. 237, viii, p. 471. The Himalayan Missel-Thrush, Jerd.. Pig. 38.âHead of T. visoivorm Coloration. Upper plumage greyish brown, the edges of the feathers paler, a tinge of oohraceoiis running through the rump and upper tail-coverts; tail ashy brown, the exterior webs nar- rowly edged with white, and all the feathers tipped whitish, the middle pair narrowly, the others more and more; wings brown, all t
RMRE4DBY–. Birds. Birds. MiiTirs. 375- MilvTis cheela, apud Jerdon, Madr. Jour. L. 8. x, p. 71 (1839); nee Falco cheela, Lath. MUtus ater, apud Blyth, Ccet. p. 31; nee Falco ater, Gm. Milvus affinis, Gmld, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 140; Jerdon, Ibis, 1871, p. 343; Hume, S. F. i, p. 161; iii, pp. 35, 229; vii, p. 200; xi, p. 15; id. Cat. no. 56 ter; Sharps, Cat. B. M. i, p. 323; Armstrong,. S. F. iv, p. 299; Sume ^ JDav. S. F. vi, p. 23; Brooks, 8. F. viii, p. 466; Binffham, 8. F. ix, p. 145; Oates, 8. F. x, p. 181; id. B. B. n, p. 202 ; id. in Hum/s N. ^ E. 2nd ed. iii, p. 176. Milvus palustris, Anderson, P. A
RMRE4CPR–. Birds. Birds. BrNBTTA. 43& black patch formed by the tips ol: some of the outer scapulars ; longer scapulars with white edges ; lower back and rump brown, shorter upper tail-coverts vermiculated, grey and white, longer coverts velvety black,! glossed with greeu; tail-feathers brown; primaries greyish brown, outer webs of secondaries black glossed with green, especially on the inner feathers ; the falcate tertiariea black, slightly glossed with green, the shafts white, and the outer edge grey, a light brown tprminal shaft-stripe ; wiug-ooverts grey, passing into white on the larger covert
![. Birds. Birds. Under view of the skull of Cha/radrius plu- viaMs, to illustrate the sohizoguathous type of palate. Under view of the skull of Cwyulm canorus, to illustrate the desmognathous type of These two figures are copied by permission from the late Prof. Huxley's paper on the Classification of Birds (P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 427, 444).—Pmx, the premaxilla; Mx, the maxilla; Mxp, its maxiUo-palatine process; PI, the palatine bone; Vo, the vomer; Ft, the pterygoid; Qu, the quadrate bone; X the basipterygoid process; » the prefrontal process. " In the large assemblage of birds belonging to t Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE4DWD/birds-birds-under-view-of-the-skull-of-charadrius-plu-viams-to-illustrate-the-sohizoguathous-type-of-palate-under-view-of-the-skull-of-cwyulm-canorus-to-illustrate-the-desmognathous-type-of-these-two-figures-are-copied-by-permission-from-the-late-prof-huxleys-paper-on-the-classification-of-birds-p-z-s-1867-pp-427-444pmx-the-premaxilla-mx-the-maxilla-mxp-its-maxiuo-palatine-process-pi-the-palatine-bone-vo-the-vomer-ft-the-pterygoid-qu-the-quadrate-bone-x-the-basipterygoid-process-the-prefrontal-process-quot-in-the-large-assemblage-of-birds-belonging-to-t-RE4DWD.jpg ". Birds. Birds. Under view of the skull of Cha/radrius plu- viaMs, to illustrate the sohizoguathous type of palate. Under view of the skull of Cwyulm canorus, to illustrate the desmognathous type of These two figures are copied by permission from the late Prof. Huxley's paper on the Classification of Birds (P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 427, 444).—Pmx, the premaxilla; Mx, the maxilla; Mxp, its maxiUo-palatine process; PI, the palatine bone; Vo, the vomer; Ft, the pterygoid; Qu, the quadrate bone; X the basipterygoid process; » the prefrontal process. " In the large assemblage of birds belonging to t Stock Photo")
RMRE4DWD–. Birds. Birds. Under view of the skull of Cha/radrius plu- viaMs, to illustrate the sohizoguathous type of palate. Under view of the skull of Cwyulm canorus, to illustrate the desmognathous type of These two figures are copied by permission from the late Prof. Huxley's paper on the Classification of Birds (P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 427, 444).—Pmx, the premaxilla; Mx, the maxilla; Mxp, its maxiUo-palatine process; PI, the palatine bone; Vo, the vomer; Ft, the pterygoid; Qu, the quadrate bone; X the basipterygoid process; » the prefrontal process. " In the large assemblage of birds belonging to t
RMRE4DGE–. Birds. Birds. 224 CEATEEOPOBID^, The wing is rounded; the tail is about two thirds the length of the wing and slightly rounded, and its coverts reach to about the middle of the tail. The tarsus is strong and smooth. The birds of this genus are entirely arboreal, being found in flocks traversing the highest trees. They are confined to the hilly portions of the country, and feed upon both insects and berries. Key to the Species. « a. Tertiaries chestnut. a'. Crown black P. erythroptems (J, p. 224. 6'. Crown bluish grey P. en/thropterus J, p. 224. h. Tertiaries golden yellow P. (srcdatm tS, p.
RMRE4DW6–. Birds. Birds. Outer view of right thigh of Common Fowl, partially dissected. (Copied from Garrod's figure, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 627.) s, sartorius; ve, vastus externus; bo and M, biceps, origin and insertion; tf, tensor fascis (gluteus primus) ; fc, femoro-caudal; afo, accessory femoro-caudal; st, semitendisosus; ait, accessory semitendiuosus; am, semimembranosus; Ad, adductor; P, pubis ; S, rectrices.. Thigh of Touraco {Corythaix) viewed from the inner side, to show the ambiens muscle, arising from the prepubic side of the pelvis (P) and running along to blend vrith one of the tendons of origi
RMRE4D2B–. Birds. Birds. Fig. 43.—Skull of (Edionemiis saolopax (holorhinal). Fig. 44.—Skull of Kumenius argiiata (sohizorhiual). * The skull of Ckaradriiis pluvialis, the Golden Plover, is 6gured, Vol. Ill, p. vii.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Oates, Eugene William, 1845-1911; Blandford, William Thomas, 1832-1905. London, Taylor and Francis
RMRE4DHF–. Birds. Birds. MYIOPHONEtrS. 179 Cachar; Manipur; Arrakan, and probably the whole country west of the Irrawaddy river; Karennee and the Karen hills, where this is found together with the next species. This bird also extends into Afghanistan and Turkestan. In summer this species is found up to 11,000 feet, but in winter it descends to lower levels and even to the plains. In Oachar it is said to be merely a winter visitor. Habits, 6(c. This species frequents hill-streams and torrents, perching on rocks and snags and feeding largely on snails, the shells of which are frequently found accumulated
RMRE4D0W–. Birds. Birds. TOTA^rs, 261 of rivers and small streams, or of open ponds, or on the sea-shore, not generally in marshes. It breeds in Kashmir, and is said to have been found breeding on the Eastern Ndra in Sind, but this requires confirmation. The eggs, four in number, are buff with blackish specks and spots ; they measure about 1'41 by 1-06, and have been taken in Kashmir in May and June. 1461, Totanus glareola. The Wood Sandpiper. Tringa glareola, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i, p. 677 (1788). Tetanus glareola, Temm. Man. d'Oi-n. p. 421; James, S. F. i, p. 421; Hume, S. F. ii, p. 298; Anders. Yunnan E
RMRE4D7J–. Birds. Birds. CHAICOPHAPS. with blackish edges to the feathers; tail blackish brown, outer two or three pairs of feathers grey, with a broad subterminal black band; lower parts deep vinous, paler on throat and abdomen, lower tail-coverts dark grey.. Fig. 6.—Head of C. indica. Female. Forehead and supe'rcilia pale grey; crown, nape, bind net-k, and sides of neck brown tinged with vinous, smaller wing- coverts near edge of wing brown, the white bar absent or scarcely perceptible; upper tail-coverts rufous-brown with dark edges, middle four rectrices blackish brown, next two pairs rufous neiir
RMRE4CYR–. Birds. Birds. Fig. 75.—Felecamis crispiis. Order XIX. STEGANOPODES. This order contains the Pelicans, Trigate-birds, Cormorants, Gannets or Boobies, and Tropic-birds—all distinguished by having the four toes united by a web (fig. 76). There is a great difference between the preceding order—the schizognathous Gavise—and that now under consideration. The Steganopodes are desmognathous birds, distinctly connected with the ^ccipitres, and might have followed the diurnal Birds of Prey in the classification. The orders to be hereafter discussed have more or less connexion with the Stegnnopodes. Th
RMRE4D31–. Birds. Birds. GEACULIPICA. 535 a black collar about an inch deep, but varying in extent in different individuals; below this collar a band, confined to the back, of black feathers broadly margined vpith white; back, scapulars, upper rump, and the longer tail-coverts dark brown, each feather edged paler; lower rump and the shorter tail-coverts white; tail dark brown, very broadly tipped with white ; lower plumage, with the exception of the collar, white; under wing-coverts black, tipped. Fig. 160.—Head of G. mgricoUis. with white; primary-coverts pure white ; wings and coverts dark brown, eac
RMRE4DA5–. Birds. Birds. FALOO. 419 1257. Falco jugger. The Laggar Falcon. Palcojugger,/.^. Gra;/in Hardw. III. Ind. Zool. ii, pi. 26 (1833-34); £lyth, Cat. p. 13; Horsf. ^ M. Cat. i, p. 20; Jerdon, B. I. i, p. 30 ; Hume, Rough Notes, p. 70; A. Anderson, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 680 ; Moliaska, J. A. 8. B. xli, pt. 2, p. 230; Sume, S. F. i, p. 156; Sharpe, Cat. B. M. i, p. 398 ; Butler, S. F. iii, p. 443; ix, p. 370; Davidson Sr Wend. 8. F. vii, p. 73; Ball, ibid. p. 196; Oripps, ibid. p. 241; Sume, Cat. no. 11; 8cully, 8. F. viu, p. 222 ; Beid, 8. F. X, p. 3 ; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 12; id. Jour. Bom. N. H. 8
RMRE4DMB–. Birds. Birds. ALOHDO. 123 blue, each of the lesser and median coverts tipped with a bright blue spot; quills brown, edged outside with greenish blue; tail blue above, brown beneath; lower parts deep ferruginous, sometimes paler, always whitish or white on chin and throat. Some birds are a greener blue than others. Toung birds are duller in colour and have the lower parts tinged with ashy. Bill black; basal half of lower mandible in females red or orange; iris dusky brown; feet coral-red {Sharpe). Length about 7; tail 1'4; wing 2-75 to 3'1; tarsus •37; bill from gape 1'9.. Head of A. ispida,
RMRE4DHW–. Birds. Birds. 162 oeateeopodidjE. Key to the Sjoedes. a. Crown black streaked witli white S- nigrkeps, p. 162. 6. Crown golden yellow streaked with black. a'. Back bright olive-yellow S. chrysisa, p. 163. 6'. Back slaty green S. assimihe, p. 163. 169. StachyrMs nigriceps. The Black-throated Babbler. Stachyris nigriceps, Hodgs. Blyth, J. A. 8. B. xiif, p. 378 (1844) ; Hodgs. in Grafs Zool. Misc. p. 83 (1844); id. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 22; Blyth, Cat. p. 150; Sorsf. %M. Cat. , p. 231; Jerd. B. i.ii, p. 21; Hume, N. i^ E. p. 242 ; id. S. F. iii, p. 117; Oates, S. F. y, p. 262; Anders. Yunnan Fxped
RMRE4DT6–. Birds. Birds. SYMNOHHIS. 235 Genus GYMNORHIS, Hodgs., 1844. The genus Qymnorhis contains one Indian species of Finch which is generally termed a Sparrow, but its affinities for the Sparrows are not very great. In this genus the bill is long and slender with the culraen gently curved throughout, and the chief characteristic of the plumage is the presence of a yellow patch on the throat in both sexes.. Fig. 66.—Head of G. flavicolUs. This Finch or Sparrow is found in all descriptions of jungle and frequently near houses, and it has much the same habits as the House-Sparrow. 775. GymnorMs flavi
RMRE4DT3–. Birds. Birds. Fig. B.—Brachypternus awantins and nest-hole. Order III. PICI. With the Woodpeckers we commence a series of bird-families sometimes combined under the general name of Piearice, but exhibiting such complicated relations with each other and with other groups of birds that their classification is by no means finally settled. In the present work it appears best to leave them in a number of small orders, each frequently consisting, as in the present instance, of a single family. The Woodpeckers were formerly associated under the name Scansores with Barbets, Cuckoos, Parrots, and oth
RMRE4DM5–. Birds. Birds. 374 DIOJBIDJE. Dacca; Tipperah; Manipur; the neighbourhood of Bhdmo; Chittagong; Arrakan; the southern portion of Pegu; the whole of Tenasserini, thence extending down the Malay peninsula to the large islands. BMts, Sfc. Breeds in Southern Pegu from May to August. The nest is suspended from the tip of a branch at any height from the ground and well surrounded by leaves. It is a pear-shaped structure constructed of hair-like fibres and roots and ornamented outside with various substances. The entrance is about midway up the nest and protected by a very ample portico which extend
RMRE4DRW–. Birds. Birds. GJICINUS. 21 Butler, S. F. ix, p. 386; Oates, S. F. x, p. 191; id. B. B. ii, p. 49; Davison, 8. F. x, p. 356; Teny, ib. p. 471; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 116; Hume, S. F. xi, p. 62; Hargitt, Ibis, 1888, p. 171; id. Cat. B. M. xviii, p. 50; Oates in Sume's N. Sr F. 2nd ed. ii, p. 298. The Small Green Woodpecker, Jerdon. Coloration. Male. Crown aud occipital crest crimson, posterior crest-feathers sometimes orange; mantle olivaceous green; rump bright gamboge-yellow or sometimes orange ; a greyish-white superciliary stripe bordered with black above, beginning above the .eye and exten
![. Birds. Birds. HIEROCOCOXX. 213 and graceful. Its food, partly at all events, consists of caterpillars. According to Mr. Hodgson's notes, the female lays her eggs in the nests of Trodhaloptervm, nigrimentum and looops nepalensis amongst other birds; but on the Nilgiris this bird is believed to have been observed by both Miss Oockburn and Mr. E. H. Morgan to build its own neat, of sticks, without lining, and to lay 3 or 4 nearly white slightly speckled eggs, measuring 1-39 by 1"05. 1109. Hierococcyx varius. The Common Hawh-Cuckoo. Cuculus variua, VaM, Skriv. Nat. â Sdsk. iv, p. 61 (1797); Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE4DHH/birds-birds-hierococoxx-213-and-graceful-its-food-partly-at-all-events-consists-of-caterpillars-according-to-mr-hodgsons-notes-the-female-lays-her-eggs-in-the-nests-of-trodhaloptervm-nigrimentum-and-looops-nepalensis-amongst-other-birds-but-on-the-nilgiris-this-bird-is-believed-to-have-been-observed-by-both-miss-oockburn-and-mr-e-h-morgan-to-build-its-own-neat-of-sticks-without-lining-and-to-lay-3-or-4-nearly-white-slightly-speckled-eggs-measuring-1-39-by-1quot05-1109-hierococcyx-varius-the-common-hawh-cuckoo-cuculus-variua-vam-skriv-nat-sdsk-iv-p-61-1797-RE4DHH.jpg ". Birds. Birds. HIEROCOCOXX. 213 and graceful. Its food, partly at all events, consists of caterpillars. According to Mr. Hodgson's notes, the female lays her eggs in the nests of Trodhaloptervm, nigrimentum and looops nepalensis amongst other birds; but on the Nilgiris this bird is believed to have been observed by both Miss Oockburn and Mr. E. H. Morgan to build its own neat, of sticks, without lining, and to lay 3 or 4 nearly white slightly speckled eggs, measuring 1-39 by 1"05. 1109. Hierococcyx varius. The Common Hawh-Cuckoo. Cuculus variua, VaM, Skriv. Nat. â Sdsk. iv, p. 61 (1797); Stock Photo")
RMRE4DHH–. Birds. Birds. HIEROCOCOXX. 213 and graceful. Its food, partly at all events, consists of caterpillars. According to Mr. Hodgson's notes, the female lays her eggs in the nests of Trodhaloptervm, nigrimentum and looops nepalensis amongst other birds; but on the Nilgiris this bird is believed to have been observed by both Miss Oockburn and Mr. E. H. Morgan to build its own neat, of sticks, without lining, and to lay 3 or 4 nearly white slightly speckled eggs, measuring 1-39 by 1"05. 1109. Hierococcyx varius. The Common Hawh-Cuckoo. Cuculus variua, VaM, Skriv. Nat. â Sdsk. iv, p. 61 (1797);
RMRE4DNK–. Birds. Birds. TFTIBEIOEBYX. 87 .Megalaima caniceps, Blyth, Cat. p. 66; Layard, A. M. N. H. (2) xiii, p. 446; Horsf. 8r M. Cat. ii, p. 637; Jerdon, B. I. i, p. 310. Megalaima zeylanica, Horsf. ^ M. Cat, ii, p. 638; Hotisviorth, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 429. Megalsema caniceps, Beavan, Ibis, 1865, p. 411; Sioliczka, J. A. 8. B, xxxvii, pt. 2, p. 22; Marshall, Man. Cap. p; 91, pi. 39; McMaster, J. A. S. B. xl, pt. 2, p. 209; Ball, S. F. ii, p. 392; V, p. 413; vii, p. 206; Morgan, Itm, 1875, p. 314; BJurnie, Cat. no. 193; Reid, S. F. x, p. 25; Barnes, Birds Bom.:^. 121. Megalsema zeylanica, Blyth, Ibis
RMRE4DGA–. Birds. Birds. sxEix. 265 Strix javanica, Om. Smt. Nat. i, p. 295 (1788); Bhth, J. A. 8. B. xix. p. 613; Horsf. | M. i, Cat. p. 81; Jerdon, 5. /. i, p. 117; Blyth ^ Wald. Birds Burnt, p. 68; Butler, S. F. iii, p. 449; ix, p. 375; Hume 4- Dao. 8. F. vi, p. 26 ; Ball, 8. F. vii, p. 200; Cnppa, ib. p. 253; Htime, Cat. no. 60; 8cully, 8. F. viii, p. 229; Vidal, 8. F. ix, p. 34; Davidson, 8. F. x, p. 290; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 60; id. Journ. Bom. N. S. 8oc. iii, p. 220; Hume, 8. F. xi, p. 18; Oates, in Mume's N. Sf F. 2nd ed. iii, p. 93. Strix indioa, Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 250; 1870, p. 160; Hvme,
RMRE4D68–. Birds. Birds. CATREUS. 83 Coloration. Male. Crown and crest brown, each feather edged and tipped paler; sides o£ head, where feathered, iacludiug the. Fig. 15.—Head of C. walUahi, J, ^. ear-coverts, brown, slightly more rufous; neck all round, except behind, chin, and throat sullied white; back of neck and upper back black, the feathers barred and tipped with white; wing- coverts pale-shafted and barred buffy white and black, the colours broken up and mottled on the greater coverts and scapulars ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts dull rufous, each feather with a subterminal black ban
![. Birds. Birds. a» OAPITONiBjE. 1019. Zantholsema hsmatocephala. The Grimgonr-breasted Barbet or Coppersmith. Bucco hjematocephalus, P. L. S. MuU. Naturgyst., Anhang, p. 88 (1776). Bucco philippinensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i, p. 407 (1788); SundevaU, A. M. N. H. (1) xviii, p. 897. Bucco indicus, Lath. Ind. Om. i, p. 205 (1790). Megalaima. philippensis, Blyth, Cat,, p. 68. Xantholsema indica, Harsf. Sr M^- Cat. ii, p. 644; Jerdon, B. I. i, p. 315; Stolicaka, J. A. S. B. xxxvii, pt. 2, p.*23; King, ibid. p. 214; Beavan, Ibis, 1869, p. 416; MeMaster, J. A. S. B. xl, pt. 2, p. 209; Walden, Ibis, 187], Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE4DNB/birds-birds-a-oapitonibje-1019-zantholsema-hsmatocephala-the-grimgonr-breasted-barbet-or-coppersmith-bucco-hjematocephalus-p-l-s-muu-naturgyst-anhang-p-88-1776-bucco-philippinensis-gm-syst-nat-i-p-407-1788-sundevau-a-m-n-h-1-xviii-p-897-bucco-indicus-lath-ind-om-i-p-205-1790-megalaima-philippensis-blyth-cat-p-68-xantholsema-indica-harsf-sr-m-cat-ii-p-644-jerdon-b-i-i-p-315-stolicaka-j-a-s-b-xxxvii-pt-2-p23-king-ibid-p-214-beavan-ibis-1869-p-416-memaster-j-a-s-b-xl-pt-2-p-209-walden-ibis-187-RE4DNB.jpg ". Birds. Birds. a» OAPITONiBjE. 1019. Zantholsema hsmatocephala. The Grimgonr-breasted Barbet or Coppersmith. Bucco hjematocephalus, P. L. S. MuU. Naturgyst., Anhang, p. 88 (1776). Bucco philippinensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i, p. 407 (1788); SundevaU, A. M. N. H. (1) xviii, p. 897. Bucco indicus, Lath. Ind. Om. i, p. 205 (1790). Megalaima. philippensis, Blyth, Cat,, p. 68. Xantholsema indica, Harsf. Sr M^- Cat. ii, p. 644; Jerdon, B. I. i, p. 315; Stolicaka, J. A. S. B. xxxvii, pt. 2, p.*23; King, ibid. p. 214; Beavan, Ibis, 1869, p. 416; MeMaster, J. A. S. B. xl, pt. 2, p. 209; Walden, Ibis, 187], Stock Photo")
RMRE4DNB–. Birds. Birds. a» OAPITONiBjE. 1019. Zantholsema hsmatocephala. The Grimgonr-breasted Barbet or Coppersmith. Bucco hjematocephalus, P. L. S. MuU. Naturgyst., Anhang, p. 88 (1776). Bucco philippinensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i, p. 407 (1788); SundevaU, A. M. N. H. (1) xviii, p. 897. Bucco indicus, Lath. Ind. Om. i, p. 205 (1790). Megalaima. philippensis, Blyth, Cat,, p. 68. Xantholsema indica, Harsf. Sr M^- Cat. ii, p. 644; Jerdon, B. I. i, p. 315; Stolicaka, J. A. S. B. xxxvii, pt. 2, p.*23; King, ibid. p. 214; Beavan, Ibis, 1869, p. 416; MeMaster, J. A. S. B. xl, pt. 2, p. 209; Walden, Ibis, 187],
RMRE4DP2–. Birds. Birds. DENDEOCITTA. 33 Distribution. Throughout the Himalayas from the Sutlej valley to Sadiya, and theuce through the Assam hill-tracts to Tenasserim, where it has been procured as far south as Muleyit mountain. In the Tweeddale collection there is a specimen labelled as having been obtained at Murree, and Blyth records the species from Arrahan, whence, however, I have not seen a specimen. It is found in hilly tracts at elevations from 2000 to 6000 or 7000 feet, and does not appear to occur in the plains. Habits, S^e. According to Jerdon, this species is found in the more open parts
RMRE4DMW–. Birds. Birds. MIBAFBA. 333 869. Mirafra cantillans. The Singing Bush-Larlc. Mirafra cantillans, Jerd-, Blyth, J. A. 8. B. xiii, p. 960 (1844); id. Cat. p. 134 ; Horsf. (§â M. Cat. ii, p. 476; Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 420; Hume, N. ^ E. p. 476 ; id. Cat. no. 757; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 275 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. M. xiii, p. 605; Oatea in Hume's N. Sf E. 2nd ed. ii, p. 227. Aghun, Aghin, Hind.; Burutta pitta, Aghin pitta, Tel. Coloration. After the autumn moult the whole upper plumage is dark brown, each feather with rufous lateral margins and a whitish terminal band; wing-coverts and tertiaries brown ma
RMRE4CP4–. Birds. Birds. Order XXIV. PYGOPODES. The last order of Indian birds to be described contains the G-rebes, with which the Loons or Divers (Ooh/mhidce) are usually, though not always, associated; the latter are not represented in India, being restricted to more northern regions. The Auks {Mddce), originally comprised in the Pygopodes by lUiger, are now by most ornithologists regarded as allies of th^ Gulls. In the present order the skull is schizognathous and holorhinal; the nostrils pervious; basipterygoid processes wanting. Plumage very short and dense; an aftershaft is present, the featheri
RMRE4D0N–. Birds. Birds. 268 CHABADEIID^. Genus PAVONCELLA, Leach, 1816. Bill moderately long, flexible, almost straight; both mandibles' grooved, the upper almost to the tip ; nostrils linear, close to the base. Wing long, pointed, 1st 'quill longest; tertiaries elongate ; tail moderate, rounded. Tarsus longer than the bill from gape, transversely shielded in front and behind; hind toe moderate, outer and middle toes connected by a short web. The above characters are insufficient for generic distinction, but the circumstances that the male is always larger than the female, and that at the breeding-sea
RMRE4CYW–. Birds. Birds. Ais-ous. 325 G-enus ANOUS, Stephens, 1826. Bill long and slender, cut men considerably carved towards the tip; npatril in a groove, much farther from the base of the bill than in Sterna; tarsus short, much shorter than the middle toe without claw; feet large, toes fuUy webbed. Wing long, first quUl loqgest; tail long, cuneate, the third or fourth pair of feathers from the outside longest, considerably exceeding the outer feathers. The whole plumage is very dark. The Noddies, as they are called, are a group of tropical oceanic birds allied to the Terns, but having a much slower,
RMRE4DH3–. Birds. Birds. 208 CEATEEOPODID^. Key to the Species. a. Primaries edged with orange. a'. Middle pair of tail-feathers chestnut-red on the basal half of the inner and the basal third of the outer webs S. strigula, p. 208. v. Middle pair of tail-feathers chestnut-red on the basal five sixths of both webs .. S. castaneicauda, p. 209. b. Primaries edged with blue. c'. Wings tipped with white S. cyanuroplera, p. 209. d'. Wings not tipped with white 8. sordida, p. 210. 219. Siva strigula. The Stripe-throated Siva. Siva strigula, Hodgs. Ind. Bev. 1838, p. 89; Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 252 ; Stolicxka, J.
RMRE4CYG–. Birds. Birds. phaia.cbocoeacid;e. 339. Fig. 78.âPlotus melanogaster. Family PHALACROCOEACID.E. The Cormorants and Darters are diving fishers with black or blackish plumage on the upper parts, and very often on the lower also. They have a longish neck, a somewhat slender and elongate bill, and stiff tail-feathers. The nostrils are small and not per- vious. Cervical vertebrae 20. Ambiens, femoro-caudal, and semi- tendinosus muscles present, the two accessory thigh-muscles â wanting. Syringeal muscles present. There are two subfamilies thus distinguished; each contains a single genus:â Bill hoo
RMRE24CH–. Birds. Birds. K.-Lb^^SH-b. FEINTED BY TATLOB AND FRANCIS, llED LION COURT, FLEET STKEET.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Oates, Eugene William, 1845-1911; Blandford, William Thomas, 1832-1905. London, Taylor and Francis
![. Birds. Birds. 396 stlviidjE. lower plumage white, tinged with very pale buff, especially on the sides of the body; under tail-coverfcs slaty grey, broadly tipped with white.. Figs. 127, 128.âHead and foot of S.jerdoni. Female. Crown, forehead, and nape brown, and the ear-coverts blackish ; otherwise like the male. Legs and feet slaty-grey; bill blackish brown, slaty at base of lower mandible; iris pale straw or dirty white (Butler). Length about 7; tail 2-9; wing 3-2; tarsus -9; bill from gape "85. The first primary is about -75 iu length, and the second is between the fifth and sixth. Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE4D7G/birds-birds-396-stlviidje-lower-plumage-white-tinged-with-very-pale-buff-especially-on-the-sides-of-the-body-under-tail-coverfcs-slaty-grey-broadly-tipped-with-white-figs-127-128head-and-foot-of-sjerdoni-female-crown-forehead-and-nape-brown-and-the-ear-coverts-blackish-otherwise-like-the-male-legs-and-feet-slaty-grey-bill-blackish-brown-slaty-at-base-of-lower-mandible-iris-pale-straw-or-dirty-white-butler-length-about-7-tail-2-9-wing-3-2-tarsus-9-bill-from-gape-quot85-the-first-primary-is-about-75-iu-length-and-the-second-is-between-the-fifth-and-sixth-RE4D7G.jpg ". Birds. Birds. 396 stlviidjE. lower plumage white, tinged with very pale buff, especially on the sides of the body; under tail-coverfcs slaty grey, broadly tipped with white.. Figs. 127, 128.âHead and foot of S.jerdoni. Female. Crown, forehead, and nape brown, and the ear-coverts blackish ; otherwise like the male. Legs and feet slaty-grey; bill blackish brown, slaty at base of lower mandible; iris pale straw or dirty white (Butler). Length about 7; tail 2-9; wing 3-2; tarsus -9; bill from gape "85. The first primary is about -75 iu length, and the second is between the fifth and sixth. Stock Photo")
RMRE4D7G–. Birds. Birds. 396 stlviidjE. lower plumage white, tinged with very pale buff, especially on the sides of the body; under tail-coverfcs slaty grey, broadly tipped with white.. Figs. 127, 128.âHead and foot of S.jerdoni. Female. Crown, forehead, and nape brown, and the ear-coverts blackish ; otherwise like the male. Legs and feet slaty-grey; bill blackish brown, slaty at base of lower mandible; iris pale straw or dirty white (Butler). Length about 7; tail 2-9; wing 3-2; tarsus -9; bill from gape "85. The first primary is about -75 iu length, and the second is between the fifth and sixth.
RMRE4DJP–. Birds. Birds. 186 OAPEIMUIi&IDjE. Distribution. Throughout the greater part of India, from Sambhar in Eajputana, Mount Abu and Kattywar to Mysore (but not apparently further south, nor in Ceylon); also throughout the Lower Himalayas, in Burma locally as far south as Amherst, in Cochin China and Southern China. Sdbits, 6fe. This bird is badly named, for it is by no means a hill species ; its especial haunt appears to be thin forest. In the more jungly parts of the Southern Central Provinces I found it by far the commonest Nightjar. The call is very similar to that of O. asiatieus. The egg
RMRE4DK0–. Birds. Birds. PYOTORHIS. 137 central portion of Tenasserim. This species has been found also at Perak, but the bird from this place has been separated by Sharpe, unnecessarily in my opinion. Habits, ^c. There is nothing known about this or the preceding species, except that they have both been procured in bamboo and bush jungle and in evergreen forest. Genus PYCTORHIS, Hodgs., 1844. This genus is almost peculiar to India, one species only ranging into Siam. It is characterized by a very short deep bill without a notch; oval and exposed nostrils ; and a long tail much graduated, the outer fea
RMRE4DJG–. Birds. Birds. 154 ceatebopodiDjE. 160. Turdinus abbotti. Ahhott's Babbler. Malacocincla abbotti, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv, p. 601 (1845). Trichastoma abbotti [Blytli), Blyth, Cat. p. 147; Horsf. 8r M. Cat. i, p. 405; Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 17 ; Oates, S. F. v, p. 151; Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 452, pi. xi, fig. 2 ; ITicme §• Dav. S. F. -vi, pp. 259,513; Cnpps, S. F. vii, p. 277; Sume, Cat. no. 387; id S. F. xi, p. 138. Malacopterdn olivaceum, Strickland, A. M. N. H. (1) xix, p. 132 (1847); Hmne, S. F. ix, p. 108. Turdinus abbotti {Blyth), Oates, B. B. i, p. 58; Sharpe, Cat. B. M. vii, p. 641; Oates i
RMRE4D9K–. Birds. Birds. POLIOHIBEAX. 435 curved. Wing short and rounded; tail almost as long as the wing, and greatly graduated, the outer tail-feathers in the Burmese species being short of the middle rectrices by nearly one-third the length of the tail. Sexes dissimilar in plumage. There are only two species of Poliohierax; one inhabits Africa, the other Burma. The affinities of the genus are very obscure. 1270. Foliohierax insignis. Feilden's Hawlc. Poliohierax insignis, Walden, P. Z, 8. 1871, p. 627; lA. lUs, 1872, p. 471; Sharpe, Cat. B. M. i, p. 370; Sdater, S. F. iii, p. 417 ;; Blyth, Birds Bwm
RMRE24C4–. Birds. Birds. 40 MUSCICAPIDiE. Key to the Species. a. Winf? 4 inches or longer N. grandis, p. 40. b. Wing not mucli exceeding 3 inches or less. a!. Under wing-coverts and axillariea chest- nut or buff N. sundara, p. 41. h. Under win^-coverts and axillaries white or ashy white N. macgrigorits, p. 42. 593. Niltava grandis. TJie Large Niltava. Chaitaris grandis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi, p. 189 (1842). Niltava grandis {Blyth), Blyth, Cat. p. 174; JSorsf. Sr M. Cat. i, p. 288 ; Jerd. B. 1. i, p. 476; Sume, N. ^ E. p. 215 ; Hume 8; Dav. S. F. vi, p. 232; Shar-pe, Cat. B. M. iv, p. 464 ; Hume, Cat. n
RMRE4D6M–. Birds. Birds. Pig. X2. ArgvManus argus. (From the group in the British Museum.) Order XIV. GALLING. The true Game-birds, the Grouse, Fowls, Peacocks, Pheasants, Turkeys, Partridges, Quails, and Guinea-fowls, with Megapodes, Curassows, and Guans, form a well-defined and easily recognizable order. They have a stout bill, strong legs and feet, suited for progress on the ground, a plump body and rounded wings, in which the 5th secondary is present, and there are 10 primaries. There ' is frequently a spur, sometimes more than one, on the tarsus in males, and, in a few genera, in females also. The
RMRE4D2D–. Birds. Birds. SIPHBCTIS. 199 lAhh., Chota Charat, Barsdti or Kala, H.; Ker mor, Guzerat; Tan-mor, Mahr.; Chini mor, Belgaum ; KhaHitar, Bhil; Charas, Chulla Charaa, H. (S. India); Niala Nimili, Tel.; Kannoul, Can.; Warragu Roli, Tam.. Fig. 42.—Head of S. aurita, 2 - i- Coloration, Female and male in winter plumage.—Crown black, more or less streaked with buff, and generally with a pale mesial band; back o£ neck finely vermiculated or speckled buff and black; sides of head and neck buff, with coarser black marks; back, scapulars, and tertiaries black mottled with sandy buff, and with a V-shap
RMRE4DMC–. Birds. Birds. 344 NEOTABIlfllD^. OE rare occasionB, and only then for a very brief interval. The males have a short but pretty song in the breeding-season. The Sun-birds build elaborate pensile nests at the end of branches or attach them to the underside of a broad leaf, such as that of a plantain {Musa). They usually lay two eggs, which are always, so far as is known, spotted. After examining all the known species of Sun-birds I find that without exception they are characterized by having both mandibles of the bill serrated on the terminal third of their length. This character suffices to s
RMRE4D7T–. Birds. Birds. CALfflNAS. 2S xxxix, pt. 2, p. 32; id. S. F. i, p. 81; Sume, S. F. ii, p. 271; Blyth, Birds Bui-m.f. 147 ; Hume Sr San. 8. F. vi, p. 425; Sume, Cat. no. 708 bis; Oates, B. B. ii, p. 299 ; id. in Hume's N. Sf F. 2nd ed. ii, p. 366; Sakadori, Cat. B. M. xxi, p. 615. Coloration. Head and jieck dark slaty grey, most of the neck- hackles the same, but the longest hackles and the upper plumage generally rich metallic green, changing to coppery bronze; outer wing-coA'erts and outer borders of quills steel-blue; primary and secondary quills, except on their outer upper borders, black ;
RMRE4D51–. Birds. Birds. ITHAGENES. 103 species was not found there by Goclwin-Austen, and the occurrence of this Pheasant north of Assam requires confirmation. HahiU, ^e. Very similar to those of other species. A few- details are given by G-odwin-Austen (l. c.) and by Dr. H. 8. Wood in the ' Asian' (June 15th, 1894, p. 173). The food is said to consist chiefly of berries, and the bird inhabits high forests of oak and other trees. Genus ITHAGENES, Wagler, 1832. The Blood Pheasants are peculiar to the higher ranges of the Eastern Himalayas, Eastern Tibet and the neighbouring parts of China. They resembl
RMRE4D2T–. Birds. Birds. 174 EALLirJE. In young birds the forehead, crown, and upper parts generally are olive-brown, and the white of the face and underparts obscured by dusky tips to the feathers. Bill green, the frontal portion red; irides brown to red; legs and feet yellow to yellowish olive. Length 12-5; tail 2-5; wing 6-5; tarsus 2-25 ; bill from gape 1-5. Females are rather smaller than males, and skins from Ceylon appear to measure less than those from Northern India.. Fig. 3C.—Head of A. phaenkurus. . The race inhabiting the Andamans and Nicobars forms the sub- species A. insularis of Sharpe.
RMRE4DEH–. Birds. Birds. 260 CEATEEOPOBID^. wing is sharp, the secondaries falling short of the tip by a con- siderable distance. The tail is distinctly forked, and the outer feathers curved outwards. The tarsus is smooth and very short (see fig. 79, p. 253), being between a sixth and a seventh of the length of the wing. The three Indian species are closely allied, but they are easily recognizable, and they have, moreover, distinct areas of distribution. Key to the Species. a. A distinct black cheek-stripe contrasting with the throat S. psaroides, p. 260. 6. No cheek-stripe. a'. A black patch imder the
RMRE4DB4–. Birds. Birds. DISSEMUKOIDBS. , 321 layas from Garliwdl to the extreme east of Assam ; southern and eastern Bengal, thence extending through Assam and Burma nearly to the extreme southern point of Tenasserim. This species does not appear to ascend the Himalayas to any great height, probably not above 3000 feet. The same, or a closely allied, form is found in China (C brevirostris, Cab.). Habits, Sfc. This Drongo is found only in forests or well-wooded localities, generally in small flocks, feeding on high trees. Its food consists in great measure of insects which harbour in flowers, and it ca
RMRE4DPR–. Birds. Birds. 294 MOTAOTLLID^. greater part of Central and Northern Asia, and it is found in Europe. Habits, 6[e. Breeds in Kashmir above 6000 feet, and in Afghanistan in May and June, making a nest of moss and fibres under large stones, or sometimes in a bush. The eggs, usually five in number, are yellowish or brownish white, closely marked with yellowish brown, and measure about '7 by -Si. 833. Motacilla borealis *. The Orey-headed Wagtail. Motacilla flava borealis, Sundev. (Efv. K. Vet-Acad. Forh. Stockh. 1840, p. 63. Budytes viridia (Gmd.), apud Blyth, Cat. p. 138; Horif. ^ M. Cat. i, p.
RMRE4CWB–. Birds. Birds. NTCTICOBAX. QQT 1568. Nycticorax griseus. The MgU Heron. Ardea nycticorax & A. grisea, L. Syst. Nat. i, pp. 235,239 (1766). Nycticorax griseas, Bh/th, J. A. S. B. xv, p. 378; id. Cat. p. 281;. Jerdon, B. I. iii, p. 768; Htime Sr Henders. Lah. to Yark. p. 296 ^ Ball, S. F. ii, p. 435; Butler, S. F. iv, p. 24; Oates, S. F. y, p. 168; Anders. Yunnan Exped., Aves, p. 690; Hume Bav. S. F. vi, p. 484; Ball, S. F. vii, p. 231; Cripps, ibid. p. 309; Hume, Cat. no. 937; Sculli/, S. F. viii, p. 361; Lec/ffe, Birds Ceyl.- p. 1165; Vidal, S. F. ix, p. 91; Butler, ibid. p. 436 ; Biddu
RMRE4DDY–. Birds. Birds. GYPAErus. 329 p. 236; Stoliczka, J. A. S. S. xxxvii, pt. 2, p. 12; Hume, Bough Notes, p. 35 ; Belmi Raddife, Ibis, 1871, p. 363 ; Blanford, J. A. S. B. xli, pt. 2, p. 41; Hume 8f Henders. Lah. to Yark. p. 170 ; Hume, N. ijr B. p. 12; id. S. F. i, p. 151; id. Cat. no. 7 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. M. i, p. 228; BaU, S. F. iii, p. 205 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 99 ; Sculltf, S. F. -viii, p. 221; Barnes, S. F. ix, pp. 214, 451; Biddiilph, Ibis, 1881, p. 39; Scully, ibid. p. 416; Barnes, Birds Bom. p, 8; St. John, Ibis, 1889, p. 150; Oates in Hume's N. ^ E. 2nd ed. iii, p. 127 ; Sharpe, Yarka
![. Birds. Birds. 492 IiAJSUDM. Oeblepyria lugubris, Sundev.Phi/sioffr. Sdlhh. Tidskr. 70!. i (1837-38); id. A. M. N. H. (1), xviii, p. 109 (1846). Oampophaga fimbriata (Temm.), Blyth, Cat. p. 191; H<yrrf. Sf M. Cat. 1, p. 176. Volvocivora melanura, Hartl. J.f. 0.1865, p. 162. Campephaga lugubris (Sundev.), Sharpe, Cat. B. M. iv, p. 65. Oampophaga melanoschista {Sodgs.), Oates in Hume's N. 8f E. 2nd ed.i,p. 34-5. Kahasi, Beng.. Fig. 144.—Head of C. melanosohista. Coloration. Male. The whole plumage dark bluish grey ; wings and tail black, the latter tipped with white. Female. "When fully Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE4D65/birds-birds-492-iiajsudm-oeblepyria-lugubris-sundevphisioffr-sdlhh-tidskr-70!-i-1837-38-id-a-m-n-h-1-xviii-p-109-1846-oampophaga-fimbriata-temm-blyth-cat-p-191-hltyrrf-sf-m-cat-1-p-176-volvocivora-melanura-hartl-jf-01865-p-162-campephaga-lugubris-sundev-sharpe-cat-b-m-iv-p-65-oampophaga-melanoschista-sodgs-oates-in-humes-n-8f-e-2nd-edip-34-5-kahasi-beng-fig-144head-of-c-melanosohista-coloration-male-the-whole-plumage-dark-bluish-grey-wings-and-tail-black-the-latter-tipped-with-white-female-quotwhen-fully-RE4D65.jpg ". Birds. Birds. 492 IiAJSUDM. Oeblepyria lugubris, Sundev.Phi/sioffr. Sdlhh. Tidskr. 70!. i (1837-38); id. A. M. N. H. (1), xviii, p. 109 (1846). Oampophaga fimbriata (Temm.), Blyth, Cat. p. 191; H<yrrf. Sf M. Cat. 1, p. 176. Volvocivora melanura, Hartl. J.f. 0.1865, p. 162. Campephaga lugubris (Sundev.), Sharpe, Cat. B. M. iv, p. 65. Oampophaga melanoschista {Sodgs.), Oates in Hume's N. 8f E. 2nd ed.i,p. 34-5. Kahasi, Beng.. Fig. 144.—Head of C. melanosohista. Coloration. Male. The whole plumage dark bluish grey ; wings and tail black, the latter tipped with white. Female. "When fully Stock Photo")
RMRE4D65–. Birds. Birds. 492 IiAJSUDM. Oeblepyria lugubris, Sundev.Phi/sioffr. Sdlhh. Tidskr. 70!. i (1837-38); id. A. M. N. H. (1), xviii, p. 109 (1846). Oampophaga fimbriata (Temm.), Blyth, Cat. p. 191; H<yrrf. Sf M. Cat. 1, p. 176. Volvocivora melanura, Hartl. J.f. 0.1865, p. 162. Campephaga lugubris (Sundev.), Sharpe, Cat. B. M. iv, p. 65. Oampophaga melanoschista {Sodgs.), Oates in Hume's N. 8f E. 2nd ed.i,p. 34-5. Kahasi, Beng.. Fig. 144.—Head of C. melanosohista. Coloration. Male. The whole plumage dark bluish grey ; wings and tail black, the latter tipped with white. Female. "When fully
RMRE4DHJ–. Birds. Birds. BIMATOB. 175 or four egg8 in. an egg-shaped nest made of bamboo-leaves and grass in a clump of bamboos. The eggs appear to be .white, spotted with brownish red, and to measure â ? by '5. Genus RIMATOR, Blyth, 1847. The sole bird which constitutes the genus Rimator is remarkable for its very long bill and its very short tail. There can be no doubt that its proper position is in this subfamily, but it has no very close ally. In this genus the bill is slender and as long as the head; the cul- men is curved downwards and the tip of the bill is barely notched; the rictal bristles ar
RMRE4DKF–. Birds. Birds. 146 btjobeotiDjK. the culmen in front of the casque, and the whole commissure and tips and base of both mandibles are black, and there is a red-brown mark on the lower mandible in front of the black base. The iris is reddish brown; legs and feet plumbeous in both sexes.. Fig. 41.—Head of A. aXbirostm, S. i- Bistribittion. There are two varieties, distinguished by size alone: the larger (A. affinis) inhabits the Lower Himalayas, as far west as Dehra Dun, the Eajmehal Hills, Midnapore, and parts of Chutia Nagpur, where it meets A. coronatris. It is also found in Assam and the Kha
RMRE4DK5–. Birds. Birds. 156 Bt7C3EEOTIDjE. Bengal, and not found farther east. This species does not occur in Ceylon. Habits, Sfc. This little Hornbill is generally seen in small parties about open jungle, groves of trees, and gardens, but not in thick forest. It lives chiefly on fruit, but occasionally eats insects also. It has a harsh cry, and an undulating flight, with alternate flappings and sailings. An excellent account of the nidification at Mainpuri is given by Mr. Home, who watched the female bird shut up, with her own droppings, the opening of the nest-hole in a sissoo tree, except the slit
RMRE4DK7–. Birds. Birds. lOPHOCBEOS. 155 1062. lophoceros birostris, The Common Grey Homhill. Buceros birostris, Soop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Insub. ii, p. 87 (1786) i Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi, p. 995; id. Cat. p. 44. Buceros ginginianus, Latham, Ind. Dm. i, p. 146 (1790) : Blyth, J. A. iS. B. xii, p. 996. Tockus bicornis, Horsf. |- M. Cat. ii, p. 697 (1856-8). Meniceros bicornis, Jerdon, B. I. i, p. 248; Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 350; King, J; A. S. B. xxxvii, pt. 2, p. 214; Home, P. Z. 8. 1869, p. 241; C. 8f G. Marshall, IS. F. iii, p. 331; Butler, S. F. iii, p. 457 ; V, 5. 218. Ocyceros ginginjanus, Hume, N.
RMRE4DM9–. Birds. Birds. ABACHNOTHBEA. 369 906. Araclinothera magna. Ihe Larger Streaked Slider-hunter. Cinnvris magna, JSodgs. Ind. Hev. 1837, p. 272. Arachnothera magna {Hodgs.), Blyth, Cat. p. 221; Horaf. ^ M. Cat. II, p. 727; Jerd. B. I. i, p. 360; iStoUczka, J. A. S. B. xxxvii, pt. u, p. 28 ; Hume, S. F. iii, p. 85; Gammie, S. F. v, p. 385 ; SheUey, Mm. Met. pp. zlix, 847, pi. 112; Hume ^ Dav. 8. F. yi, p. 1'73 ; Hume, Cat. no. 223; Oates, B. B. i, p. 327; Bingham, S. F. ix, p. 169; Oadow, Cat. B. M. ix, p. 105; Hume, S. F. xi, p. 79; Oates in Hume's N. ^ E. 2nd ed. li, p. 268. The Large Spider-hu
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